THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Liortrtnr OF THE uwwusrrvflFiLiiNoii 18 JAN I'.ilS Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library 1 (' 1 LIBRARY OF THE university Or JLLINOI Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/thlrteenthcensus00unit_0 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BUREAU OF THE CENSUS E. DANA DURAND, Director THIRTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES TAKEN IN THE YEAR 1910 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS STATISTICS OF POPULATION, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, AND MINING FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE STATES, AND PRINCIPAL CITIES WITH SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS CONTAINING STATISTICS FOR THE STATE COUNTIES, CITIES, AND OTHER DIVISIONS UBRARV OF THE UNIVERSITY Or ILLINOIS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 ORGANIZATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS DURING THE THIRTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS : 1909-1912 <05 DIRECTOR E. DANA DURAND ASSISTANT DIRECTOR WILLIAM F. WILLOUGHBY : 1909-1911 ROLAND P. FALKNER : : ; : I9I1-I9I2 CHIEF CLERK WILLIAM S. ROSSITER, 1909 : ALBERTUS H. BALDWIN, 1909-1910 VOLER V. VILES, I910-I9I1 : WILLIAM A. HATHAWAY. I91 1-1912 DIVISION OF POPULATION WILLIAM C. HUNT, Chief Statistician DIVISION OF agriculture LE GRAND POWERS, Chief Statistician JOHN LEE COULTER, Expert Special Agent on Agriculture RAY PALMER TEELE, Expert Special Agent on Irrigation division of manufactures WILLIAM M. STEUART, Chief Statistician ISAAC A. HOURWICH, Expert Special Agent on Mining DIVISION OF VITAL STATISTICS CRESSY L. WILBUR, Chief Statistician DIVISION OF revision AND RESULTS JOSEPH A. HILL, Chief Statistician GEOGRAPHER CHARLES S. SLOANE CONTENTS SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS. Page. Introduction 15 POPULATION. 1 . Number and Distribution op Inhabitants 21 2. Color or Race, Nativity, Parentage; Sex; Population 21 Years op Age and Over; Males of Militia Age 77 3. Age and Marital Condition 121 4. State of Birth op Native Population 169 5. Population of Foreign Birth and Foreign Parentage, by Country of Origin 187 6. The Foreign-Born Population — Date op Immigration 215 7. School Attendance and Illiteracy 219 8. Dwellings and Families 259 AGRICULTURE. 9. Farms and Farm Property 265 10. Tenure, Mortgage Indebtedness, Color and Nativity of Farmers, and Size op Farms 285 11. Live Stock on Farms and Elsewhere 309 12. Live Stock Products, and Domestic Animals Sold or Slaughtered on Farms 343 13. Farm Crops — Acreage, Production, and Value 359 14. Irrigation and Irrigated Crops 422 MANUFACTURES. 15. Statistics for States, Cities, and Industries 437 MINES AND QUARRIES. 16. Mines and Quarries 54I ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS. INTRODUCTION. Page, j ' Page. Scope and character of the report 13 I Organization of the Thirteenth Decennial Census 15 POPULATION. Chapter 1.— NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. Page. ^#6pulation of the United States and of states and territories. . 21 Area of enumeration in 1910 21 ^ United States 21 r* Divisions and states 22 **■ Rank according to population: 1790-1910 24 5 Apportionment of representation 26 Population for apportionment purposes; 1910 26 Number of member.^ in the House of Representatives under each apportionment: 1789-1910 27 Area and density of population 28 Area 28 Population per square mile 28 Center of population 30 Population of counties 32 Urban and rural population 54 Proportion urban and rural 54 Increase in urban and rural population 55 Communities classified according to size 59 Proportion in the several classes of communities 59 Growth of the several classes of urban communities 60 Metropolitan districts 61 Population of individual cities 63 MAPS. Page. Per cent of increase in total population, by states: 1900-1910. . 23 Population per square mile, by states; 1910 29 Center of population at each census: 1790-1910 31 Per cent urban in total population, by states: 1910 54 Per cent of increase in urban population, by states: 1900- 1910 58 Per cent of increase in rural population, by states: 1900-1910.. 58 Chapter 2.— COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, PARENT- AGE; SEX; POPULATION 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER; MALES OF MILITIA AGE. Color or race, nativity, and parentage of the total population . . 77 United States as a whole 77 General summary: 1910 and 1900 77 White and negro population 78 Indian, Chinese, and Japanese population 79 Black and mulatto population 79 Native and foreign-bom population 80 White population by nativity and parentage 80 Divisions and states 81 Population by color or race, nativity, and parentage. . 81 White population by nativity and parentage 88 Increase by color or race, nativity, and parentage 89 ( 3 ) 4 CONTENTS. Color or race, nativity, and parentage of the total population — Continued. Page. Urban and rural population 91 l’rincij)al cities 93 Classilication by sex 97 United States as a whole 97 General summary: 19J0 and 1900 97 Comparison with earlier censuses 97 Divisions and states 98 Urban and rural population 102 Principal cities 103 Population 21 years of age and over 106 All persons 21 years of age and over 106 General summary: 1910 106 Sex ratios, by divisions and states 106 Males 21 years of age and over 107 United States as a whole 107 Divisions and states 108 Urban and rural communities • 112 Principal cities 113 Citizenship of foreign-bom whites 116 Females 21 years of age and over 117 Males of militia age (18 to 44 years) 119 DIAGRAMS. Color or race, nativity, and parentage, by states: 1910 87 Color or race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions: 1910 and 1900 88 Color or race, nativity, and parentage, in urban and rural com- munities, by divisions: 1910 91 Color or race, nativity, and parentage in cities of 100,000 inhab- itants or more: 1910 94 Number of males to 100 females in urban and rural commimi- ties, by divisions: 1910 102 Color or race, nativity, and parentage of males 21 years of age and over, by states: 1910 109 Color or race, nativity, and parentage of males 21 years of age and over in urban and rural communities, by divisions: 1910. 112 MAPS. Percentage of negroes in the total population: 1910 84 Percentage of foreign-bom whites in the total population: 1910. 84 Percentage of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage in the total population: 1910 85 Percentage of foreign-bom whites and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage combined in the total population: 1910.. 85 Ratio of males to females in the total population: 1910 98 Chapter 3.— AGE AND MARITAL CONDITION. Age: United States as a whole 121 Classification by 5-year age periods: 1910 121 Classification by broader age periods: 1910 125 Comparison with previous censuses 127 Divisions and states 128 Geographic divisions 128 Urban and rural communities 129 Principal cities 130 Marital condition: United States as a whole 146 Age groups 147 Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes 1 18 Comparisons with previous censuses 151 Divisions and states 153 Total population, by divisions 153 Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes, by divi- sions 153 States 155 Urban and rural communities 155 Principal cities 155 Distribution by age periods of total population: 1910 121 Distribution by age periods of the principal classes of the population: 1910: Native white of native parentage 124 Native white of foreign or mixed parentage 124 Foreign-born white 124 Negro 124 Distribution by age periods of native white and negro and of foreign-born population: 1910 125 Distribution by age periods of total population, by divisions: 1910 128 Distribution by age periods of urban and rural population, by divisions: 1910 129 Marital condition of population: 1910 147 Marital condition of principal classes of the population, by age periods: 1910 151 Marital condition of the total population 15 years of age and over, by divisions: 1910 153 Chapter 4.— STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. General extent of migration of native population within the United States 169 Interdivisional migration 170 Division of birth in relation to division of residence 173 Migration of native white and native negro population 174 Migration to the several divisions from other divisions and from foreign countries 174 Migration to the several states from other states and from for- eign countries 175 Interstate migration 176 State of birth in relation to state of residence 177 MAPS. Gain or loss in native population by interstate migration: 1910. 176 Percentage of population born in each state living in other states: 1910 178 Percentage of native population living in each state bom in other states: 1910 178 DIAGRAMS. Distribution of total population of each state, by place of birth: 11)10 177 Distribution of natives of each state, by place of residence: 1910. 177 Migration of native population from and to each state: 1910.. 186 Chapter 5.— POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. Definition of terms 187 Mother-tongue statistics 187 United States as a whole 188 Total foreign born, by country of birth: 1910 and 1900 188 Comparison for censuses of 1860 to 1910 190 Immigration in relation to foreign-born population 190 Foreign born, by sex 191 Foreign born from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Rus- sia, classified by mother tongue... 192 Foreign white stock: 1900 and 1910 192 Divisions and states 195 Total foreign born, by divisions 195 Foreign white stock, by divisions 198 Foreign born and foreign white stock, by states 199 In urban and rural communities 199 In principal cities 200 DIAGRAMS. Foreign-born population, by principal countries of birth: 1910 and 1900 189 Per cent of the foreign-born population born in tho principal countries: 1910 189 CONTENTS 5 Pace. Per cent of the foreign-born population born in the principal countries: 1900 189 Per cent of the foreign while stock, by principal countries of origin: 1910 192 Foreign white stock, by principal countries of origin: 1910 194 Chacter 6.- foreign-born POPULATION— DATE OF IMMIGRATION. United States as a whole 215 Divisions and states 216 Urban and rural communities 217 Principal cities 218 Chapter 7.— SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITERACY. School attendance 219 United States as a whole: 1909-10 219 Persons attending school: Classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage. 219 Classified by sex 219 Classified by age groups 220 Percentage attending school : Classified by age groups 220 Classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage. 221 Classified by sex 222 Urban and rural population 222 Divisions and states: 1909-10 223 N umber and percen tage attending school , by age groups 223 Persona 6 to 20 years of age 223 Children 6 to 14 years of age 225 Persons 6 to 20 years of age, urban and rural 226 Principal cities: 1909-10 231 Comparative summary: 1910 and 1900 236 United States as a whole 236 Divisions and states 236 i Page. Illiteracy 239 Population 10 years of age and over: United States as a whole 239 N umber of illiterates 239 Percentage of illiteracy 239 Sex 240 Age groups 240 Urban and rural population 240 Divisions and states 242 Percentage of illiteracy 243 Sex 248 Urban and rural population 248 Principal cities , 249 Children from 10 to 14 years of age 2.54 United States as a whole 254 Divisions and states 254 Males 21 years of age and over 255 United States as a whole 255 Divisions and states 255 Principal cities 255 MAPS. Percentage of illiteracy in the population 10 years of age and over: 1910 246, 247 Total population 246 Native whites of native parentage . . 246 Foreign-bom whites 247 Negroes 247 Chapter 8.— DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. United States as a whole 259 Divisions and states 259 Urban and rural communities 260 Principal cities 260 AGRICULTURE. Chapter 9.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. Page. United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 265 Farms and farm land, by divisions and states: 1910 and 1900. . . 266 Geographic distribution of farms and farm land 266 Increases and decreases: 1900-1910 267 Percentage of land in farms and percentage improved 270 Average size of farms 271 Value of farm property, by divisions and states: 1910 and 1900. 274 Geographic distribution of farm values 274 Increase in value of farm property 274 Average value of farm property per acre of land 278 Average value of farm property per farm 278 Farms and farm property: 1850 to 1910 281 United States as a whole 281 Geographic divisions 282 MAPS. Per cent land in farms forms of total land area, by counties: 1910 272 Per cent improved land in farms forms of total land area, by counties: 1910 273 Average value of land in farms per acre, by counties: 1910 275 Chapter 10.— TENURE, MORTGAGE INDEBTEDNESS, COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS, AND SIZE OF FARMS. Tenure of farms 285 United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 285 Geographic divisions 286 Main tenure classes: 1910 and 1900 286 Number of farms for all tenure groups: 1910 and 1900. 288 States: 1910 and 1900 289 Pago. Farm mortgages 292 Number of farms mortgaged 292 Amount of mortgage debt 293 Statistics by states 295 Color and nativity of farmers 296 Number of native white, foreign-bom white, and colored farmers, by tenure: 1910 296 Number of farmers, classified by color: 1910 and 1900 298 Country of birth of white farmers: 1910 298 Color and tenure of farmers in the South : 1910 and 1900 299 Farms, classified by size 303 United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900 303 Geographic divisions 303 States: 1910 and 1900 306. DIAGRAM.S. Number of farms, classified by character of tenure of operator: 1910 289 Acreage of all land in farms, classified by character of tenure of operator: 1910 289 Number of farms operated by their owners, free and mortgaged : 1910 293 Number of farms, classified by color and nativity of operator: 1910 296 Chapter 11.— LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. All live stock on farms 309 Domestic animals on farms 310 Cattle on farms 313 United States as a whole 313 Divisions and states 314 6 CONTENTS. Page. Horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms 31!) United States as a whole 319 Divisions and states 320 Swine on farms 327 United States as a whole 327 Divisions and states 327 Sheep and goats on farms * 329 United States as a whole 329 Divisions and states 330 Poultry on farms 334 Bees on farms 337 Domestic animals not on farms 337 Domestic animals on farms and not on farms 342 MAPS. All cattle on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 318 Dairy cows on farms — Number, by states; April 15, 1910 318 All horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms — Number, by states; April 15, 1910 326 All swine on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 326 All sheep on farm.s — Number, by states; April 15, 1910 331 All fowls on farms — Number, by states: April 15, 1910 335 Chapter 12.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS. Dairy products 343 United States as a whole; 1909 and 1899 343 Divisions and states 344 Production of dairy products: 1909 and 1899 344 Sales of dairy products; 1909 and 1899 346 Wool and mohair 350 LTnited States a.9 a whole: 1909 and 1899 350 Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899 350 Mohair and goat hair: 1909 and 1899 351 Poultry and eggs 353 United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899 353 Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899 354 Honey and wax: 1909 and 1899 356 Domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms 356 United States as a whole: 1909 356 Divisions and states; 1909 357 Chapter 13.— FARM CROPS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Crop.s in general 359 United States as a whole 359 Acreage and value of all crops: 1909 and 1899 359 Relative importance of different crops: 1909 and 1899. 361 Relation of prices to increase in value: 1899 to 1909. . . 363 Increase of crop production and consumption: 1899 to 1909 364 Acreage of leading crops: 1879 to 1909 364 Divisions and states 364 Distribution of all crops, by divisions; 1909 and 1899. . 364 Relative importance of leading crops in the total pro- duction of each division, section, and state: 1909 — 365 Relative importance of the divisions and sections in the production of leading crops: 1909 368 Acreage and value of crops, by states; 1909 and 1899.. 369 Sale and purchase of feedable crops: 1909 371 Expenditures for labor and fertilizers on farms 372 Expenditures for labor: 1909 and 1899 372 Expenditures for fertilizers: 1909 and 1899 374 The cereals 374 Com 378 Wheat 380 Page. The cereals — Continued. Oats 382 Barley 386 Rye 386 Buckwheat 386 E miner and spelt 387 Kafir corn and milo maize 387 Rice 387 Other grains and seeds 392 Dry edible beans and dry peas 392 Peanuts 393 Flaxseed 393 Grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds 394 Minor seeds with acreage reports 395 Hay and forage 396 Vegetables 398 Potatoes 398 Sweet potatoes and yams 399 Other vegetables 401 Tobacco 402 Cotton and cotton seed 404 Sugar crops 406 Sugar cane and products 406 Sorghum cane and sirup, sugar beets, and maple sugar and sirup 407 Sundry minor crops .< 408 Broom corn, hemp, hops, miscellaneous, and by-products . 408 Fruits and nuts 409 Small fruits 409 Orchard fruits 410 Apples 411 Peaches and nectarine.s 412 Pears 412 Plums and prunes 413 Cherries 413 Apricots 414 Quinces 414 Grapes 414 Tropical and subtropical fruits 415 Oranges, lemons, pomeloes (grapefruit), other citrous fruits, figs, pineapples, and olives 415 Other tropical and subtropical fruits 416 All nuts 416 Almonds, pecans, and Persian or EnglLsh walnuts. . . . 416 Flowers and plants, nursery products, and forest products 418 MAPS. All farm crops — Value, by states: 1909 371 Acreage, by states; 1909: All cereals 376 Corn 384 Wlieat 384 Oats 385 Hay and forage 385 Cotton 405 Fruits and nuts — Value, by states: 1909 417 DIAGRAM.S. Land area, distribution: April 15, 1910 362 Crop acreage; 1909 362 Improved land, distribution: 1909 362 Imjiroved land, distribution: 1899 362 Value of all crops, distribution by crops: 1909 362 Value of all crojis, distribution by divisions: 1909 362 Value of all crops, distribution by crops, by divisions: 1909 .. 366 CONTENTS. 7 Chapter 14.— IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. Pace. The arid region 422 Summary 422 Farms and acreage irrigated 423 Number of farms irrigated 423 Acreage irrigated ; 423 Acreage irrigated in 1909, acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910, and acreage included in projects 424 Acreage irrigated, classified by source of water supply 425 Irrigation works 426 Number of enterprises and number and length of ditches. . 426 Reservoirs, wells, and pumping plants 426 Pa«e. Cost 427 Average cost per acre 427 Average cost per acre, by type of enterprise 428 Average cost per acre, by size groups 428 Operation and maintenance 429 Crops 429 Average yields per acre 430 Average values per acre 430 Comparison with preceding census 431 Irrigation for rice growing 431 Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas 432 Farms reporting 432 Acreage irrigated 432 MANUFACTURES. Chapter 15.— STATISTICS FOR STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Page. General summary 437 Continental United States and noncontiguous territoiy.. . 437 Explanation of terms 437 United States as a whole 438 Comparison for 1909, 1904, and 1899 438 Comparison with earlier censuses 439 Leading industries 440 States and geographic divisions 444 Fifty leading cities 448 Distribution according to size of communities 449 Persons engaged in manufacturing industries 451 Definitions and explanations 451 United States as a whole 452 Occupational status by leading industries 453 Comparison with previous censuses as to occupational status 454 Sex and age distribution, by leading industries 454 Sex and age distribution, by states 456 Comparison with previous censuses as to sex and age 457 Comparison of sex and age distribution in selected indus- tries; 1909, 1904, and 1899 457 Divisions and states: 1909, 1904, and 1899 458 Wage earners employed, by months 459 Character of ownership 461 Summary for United States 461 Proportion of business done by corporations in the prin- cipal industries; 1909 and 1904 461 Proportion of business done by corporations, by states: 1909 and 1904 462 Size of establishments 464 Summary for United States 464 Relative importance of establishments producing products valued at $1,000,000 or over in the principal industries. 465 Relative importance of establishments producing products valued at $1,000,000 or over, by states 466 Establishments grouped by number of wage earners 468 Distribution of expenses 470 Leading industries 470 States 470 Engines and power 471 Summary for United States: 1909, 1904, and 1899 471 Leading industries 472 States 473 Supplementary data regarding important industries 475 Food and kindred products 475 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 475 Canning and preserving 475 Flour-mill and gristmill products 476 Rice, cleaning and polishing 477 Supplementary data regarding important industries — Contd. Food and kindred products — Continued. page. Slaughtering ana meat packing 477 Sugar 478 Textiles 479 Carpets and rugs 480 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods 481 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 482 Felt goods 482 Hats, fur-felt and wool-felt 483 Hosiery and knit goods 483 Oilcloth and linoleum 484 Shoddy 485 Silk and silk goods 485 Woolen and worsted goods 486 Iron and steel 487 Blast furnaces 488 Steel works and rolling mills 488 Tin plate and temeplate 491 Wire 492 Leather and its products 492 Leather 493 Boots and shoes 493 Gloves and mittens, leather 494 Chemicals and allied products 494 Chemicals 495 Coke 496 Dyestuffs and extracts 496 Explosives 497 Fertilizers 498 Gas, illuminating and heating 498 Glucose and starch 499 Cottonseed oil and cake 499 Oil, essential 500 Paint and varnish 500 Petroleum, refining 501 Salt 501 Soap 501 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids 502 Turpentine and rosin 503 Clay, glass, and stone products 503 Brick and tile, and pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products ■ 503 Cement 503 Glass 504 Lime 504 Vehicles for land transportation 504 Automobiles 504 Bicycles and motorcycles, and parts 505 Carriages and wagons and materials 505 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies 505 8 CONTENTS. Supplonienlary data regarding important industries — Contd. Page. Vehieles for land transportation — (Continued. Cars and general shop const niction and repairs by street- railroad companies 506 Cars, steam-railroad 500 Cars, street-railroad 507 Miscellaneous industries 507 Agricultural imjjlements 507 Electrical machiuery, apparatus, and supplies 507 Ice, manufactured 508 Lumber and timber products 508 Pianos and organs and materials 509 Paper and wood pulp 509 Phonographs and graphophones 510 Printing and publishing 511 Shipbuilding, including boat building 512 Laundries 513 Small custom sawmills and gristmills 513 GENERAL TABLES. Table 110. — Comparative summary for the United States, by specified industries; 1909, 1904, and 1899 514 MINES AND Chapter 16. — MINES AND QUARRIES. Page. General summary 541 Continental United States and noncontiguous territory 541 Producing and nonproducing mines 541 Geographic distribution of producing enteri:)rises 542 Principal mining industries 544 General comparison for the LTnited States; 1902-1909 544 Geographic distribution of the principal industries 546 Persons engaged in mining industries 548 Distribution by sex and age 548 Distribution by industrial status 548 Proprietors performing manual labor 549 Wage earners, by occupation 549 Contract work 550 Number of persons employed, by months 550 Prevailing hours of labor 551 SUPPLEMENT FOR TI POPULATION. Chapter 1.— NUMBER OF INHABITANTS. Page. Total population, increase, and distribution 568 Population of the state 568 Comparison of the rates of increase with those for the United States as a whole 568 Principal cities 568 Number and percentage of increase over preceding census of 12 of the principal cities 569 Counties 569 Density of population 569 Minor civil divisions 570 Urban and rural population compared 570 Rate of growth 571 PRINCIPAL TABLES. Table 1. — Population of minor civil divisions; 1910, 1900, and 1890 574 Table 2. — Population of incorporated places; 1910, 1900, and 1890 600 jMAPS. Increase or docrea.se of j)(>])ulation 572 Density of population 573 Page. Table 111. — Comparative summary for the United States, by stotes; 1909, 1904, and 1899 525 Table 112. — Comparative summary for the 25 principal cities; 1909, 1904, and 1899 528 Table 113. — Cities of 10,000 inhabitants or over — Number of establishments, average number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture; 1909, 1904, and 1899 529 MAP. Value of products of manufactures; 1909 444 DIAGRAMS. Value of products, by industries; 1909 and 1899 436 Per cent distribution of value of products, by indiLstries; 1909 443 Per cent distribution of average number of wage earners, by industries; 1909 443 Value of products, by states; 1909 and 1899 446 Average number of wage earners, by states; 1909 and 1899. . . . 447 Value of products for principal cities; 1909 450 QUARRIES. Page. Land tenure 552 Form of organization 552 Size of enterprises 553 Classification according to number of wage earners 553 Classification according to value of products 555 Distribution of expenses 555 Engines and power 556 Quantity of minerals 556 DIAGRAMS. Value of products of mining industries; 1909 543 Value of products of mining industries, by states; 1902 and 1909; by divisions, 1909 (based on Tables 25 and 27) 543 Value of products, by industries; 1902 and 1909 (based on Tables 4 and 26) 545 Value of products of leading industries, by states; 1909 546 STATE OF ILLINOIS. Ch.u>ter 2.— composition AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. Page. Color and nativity 607 Sex 607 State of birth 607 Foreign nationalities 608 Voting and militia ages 608 Age 608 School attendance 608 Illiteracy 608 Marital condition 608 Dwellings and families 508 PRINCIPAL TABLES. Table I. — Composition and characteristics of the population for the state and for counties 616 Table II. — Composition and characteristics of the population for cities of 25,000 or more 636 Table III. — Composition and characteristics of the population for cities and towns of 10,000 to 25,000 638 Table IV. — Composition and characteristics of the pojiulation for places of 2,500 to 10,000 640 Table V. — ('omposition and characteristics of the population for wards of cities of 50,000 or more 644 CONTENTS. 9 MAPS. PaRO. Per cent of foreign-born white in total population : 1910 015 Per cent of native white of foreign or mixed parentage in total population: 1910 615 AGBICULTITRE. Chapter 3.— STATISTICS FOR THE STATE AND ITS COUNTIES. Definitions 649 Total value of farm products 649 Farms and farm property 651 Progress during the decade 1900 to 1910 651 Population, number of farms, farm acreage: 1850 to 1910. . 652 Values of farm property: 1850 to 1910 652 Average acreage and values per farm: 1850 to 1910 653 Farm tenure: 1880 to 1910 653 Farm mortgages: 1890 to 1910 654 Farms by size groups: 1910 and 1900 655 Color and nativity of fanners: 1910 656 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 656 Domestic animals on farms: 1910 656 Poultry on farms: 1910 and 1900 657 Bees on farms: 1910 and 1900 657 Domestic animals not on farms: 1910 657 Domestic animals on farms and not on farms: 1910 657 Live stock products 658 Dairy products: 1909 and 1899 658 Wool: 1909 aijd 1899 658 Goat hair and mohair: 1909 and 1899 659 Poultry products: 1909 and 1899 659 Honey and wax: 1909 659 Sale or slaughter of domestic animals on farms: 1909 and 1899 659 Crops 660 Summary: 1909 and 1899 660 General farm crops, minor grains and seeds, and sundry minor crops: 1879 to 1909 660 Vegetables, flowers and plants, and nursery products: 1909 and 1899 662 Small fruits: 1909 and 1899 662 Orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits: 1909 and 1899 663 Sugar crops: 1909 and 1899 663. Forest products: 1909 and 1899 663 Miscellaneous crops: 1909 664 Selected farm expenses and receipts 664 Farm expenses: 1909 and 1899 664 Receipts from sale of feedable crops: 1909 664 PRINCIPAL TABLES. Table 1. — Farms and farm property, by counties: April 15, 1910 666 Table 2. — Number, acreage, and value of farms, classified by tenure; color and nativity of farmers; and mortgage debt, by counties: April 15, 1910 676 Table 3. — Live stock products, and domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms, by counties: 1909 676 Table 4. — Value of all crops and principal classes thereof, and acreage and production of principal crops, by counties: 1909 686 Table 5. — Selected farm expenses and receipts, by counties: 1909 686 Table 6. — Number and value of domestic animals not on farms, by counties: April 15, 1910 690 MAPS. Page. Per cent of land area in farms 650 Average value of farm land per acre 650 MANUFACTURE S . Chapter 4.— STATISTICS FOR STATE, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Definition of terms 699 Industries in general 701 General character of the state 701 Importance and growth of manufactures 701 Persons engaged in manufacturing industries 707 Wage earners employed, by months 709 Prevailing hours of labor 710 Location of establishments 711 Character of ownership 714 Size of establishment 716 Expenses 720 Engines and power 721 Fuel 721 Supplementary data regarding important industries 722 Slaughtering and meat packing 722 Printing and publishing 723 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 724 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 724 Agricultural implements 725 Flour-mill and gristmill products 725 Soap 725 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 726 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 726 Boots and shoes 727 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 727 Laundries 728 Custom sawmills and gristmills 728 PRINCIPAL TABLES. Table I: Comparative summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899 729 The state — All industries combined and selected industries. 729 Cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more — All industries com- bined and selected industries 733 Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants — All industries combined 738 Table II: Detailed statement for the state, by industries: 1909. 740 Table III: Detail statement for cities 744 Cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more, by industries 744 Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants — All industries combined , 748 MINES AND QUARRIES. Chapter 5.— MINES AND QUARRIES. Definition of terms 751 Summary 752 Character of organization 752 Size of enterprises 752 Persons employed in mining 752 Prevailing hours of labor 753 Engines and power 753 Comparison of mining industries: 1902-1909 753 Duplication between manufactures and mining 753 Detailed statistics for mining industries: 1909 754 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES 755 :/l , it.'} ifefi'ijt i? ij, js+(:)n> ', 1 ‘. iin' V>'f .'V{ n'VV) :!‘'r7rm atAi^ir; .i ,.. • M ("t) t-Jt, • /It ' ■ Jf'H, ■vi,,.. -r; ■ ‘i , 'I ; *■ . , . /I * , . ..1.; ■ ■ i ' • • t '♦ t'! '• y , , , , , '.r t), :i ■ •: ]■ . ' 'i 1 1 ... , , . f •■Tri i l''1 , <- 1,1 1 i •(■ ■■■'; ■ f •■ i' i-' f ■ *r,'i ' • T .Wi. ■ ^ ■ •• ^ r*’' , imii r . a. r T f’ iji >v ■* ' ' ^-t , - , i, ..'Jtn ttflW , <''Wl Z', ■<^i<:n'.i tiift 'Sif -'.. ,. fviw. OitH ‘Kirfwl tlf.lli-.Vf'|'f'’^,!»V'*’^ • i’ai'i ■(Oth .‘U'MiwyV'j -ViVt!” .'.^'lii'V tiifS 'iJ^Higili . ■ o!*.! I'l !,.»U 1r I 'll.' iDD'i.,}’ .H' ''>>*■)'(■('', 7 3 ^ ; , . , , : , ,,' -, .. . ■ itJ lit /v, ,sV:i .vMi'-tr' If JC, .4 .".I 'shWMi'3 .-•■lit ■ ,, I ■H ,*■! I'l' ‘iH ■" I , > 1 • 'llTtf 7 'iti . . ,^; , . W'( /;■ C lh Includes 953,243 persons enumerated in Porto Rico in 1899. 2 According to the census of Porto Rico taken in 1899 under the direction of the War Department. 22 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Tlio table following shows the population of the United States as enumerated at each census from 1790 to 1910, inclusive, together with the increase and per cent of increase during each decade, and also adjusted percentages of increase explained in the paragraphs below : Table 2 CENSUS YEAR. Population of the United States. INCREASE OVER PRECEDING CENSUS. Adjusted percentages of increase. Number. Per cent. 1910 91, 972, 266 15, 977, 691 21.0 21. 0 1900 75, 994, 575 13, 046, 861 20. 7 20.7 1890 62, 947, 714 12, 791, 931 25.5 24.9 1880 50, 155, 783 11, 597, 412 30. 1 26.0 1870 38, 558, 371 7, 115, 050 22.6 26. 6 1860 31, 443, 321 8, 251, 445 35.6 35.6 1850 23, 191, 876 6, 122, 423 35.9 35.9 1840 17, 069, 453 4, 203, 433 32. 7 32. 7 1830 12, 866, 020 3, 227, 567 33.5 33.5 1820 9, 638, 453 2, 398, 572 33. 1 33. 1 1810 7, 239, 881 1, 931, 398 36.4 36.4 1800 5, 308, 483 1, 379, 269 35. 1 35. 1 1790 3, 929, 214 1 In considering the changes in population as reported by the census it is to be noted that Indians and other persons in Indian Territory and on Indian res- ervations were enumerated for the fu’st time in 1890, so that the figures for that census are not strictly com- parable with those for 1880 and preceding censuses. To show correctly the rate of increase of population from 1880 to 1890 it is necessary to ehminate 325,464 Indians and other persons from the figures for 1890, which leaves a population of 62,622,250. This figure shows an increase over 1880 of 12,466,467, or 24.9 per cent. The evidence is clear that there was a marked deficiency in the enumeration of the population in the Southern states in 1870, resulting in an understatement of the increase from 1860 to 1870 and an overstatement of the increase from 1870 to 1880. There is no means of ascertaining accurately the extent of the deficiency, but an approximate estimate of the true population in 1870 was made in the census report of 1890 (Popula- tion, Part I, pp. xi, xii, and xvi) by which the popu- lation in 1870 was placed at 39,818,449 instead of 38,558,371. Using this figure the increase of 1870 over 1860 would be 8,375,128, or 26.6 per cent, and the increase of 1880 over 1870, 10,337,334, or 26 per cent. Summarizing, it may be said that the population of the United States showed appro.ximately an increase of one-third during each of the seven decades from 1790 to 1860; of one-fourth during each of the three decades from 1860 to 1890; and of one-fifth during each of the last two decades, 1890 to 1900 and 1900 to 1910. Divisions and states. — The population of the United States by divisions and states, with their rank ac- cording to population, at each Federal census from 1790 to 1910, inclusive, is shown in Table 5, on pages 24 and 25. This table shows, in addition to the popu- lation of the United States proper, that of Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico, and the number of persons in the military and naval service stationed abroad. The following table shows the per cent of the total population of the United States in each geograplfic chvision at the censuses of 1910, 1900, 1890, and 1850, the latter being added as representing condi- tions shown by the first census taken after the last of the important accessions to the territory of the United States had taken place. Table 3 DIVISION. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 1890 1850 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New Engiand 7. 1 7.4 7.5 11.8 Middie Atiantic 21.0 20.3 20.2 25.4 East North Central 19.8 21.0 21.4 19.5 West North Central 12.7 13.6 14.2 3.8 South Atlantic 13.3 13.7 14. 1 20.2 East South Central 9. 1 9.9 10.2 14.5 West South Central 9.0 8.6 7.5 4. 1 Mountain 2.9 2.2 1.9 0.3 Pacific 4.6 3.2 3.0 0.5 The growth of the population of the United States by divisions and states in the last 20 years is shown in Table 4. The accompanying map shows the per cent of increase of the population in each of the states during the last decade, different rates of increase being indicated by differences in shading. The table and ma]) show that there were 1 1 states in wluch population increased more than 50 per cent between 1900 and 1910, as follows: Washington, Okla- homa, Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota, New Mexico, Ari- zona, Oregon,California, Wyoming, andMontana. Four divisions — the Pacific, Mountain, West South Central, and Middle Atlantic — increased in each of the last two decades more rapidly than the country as a whole. With one exception (the West South Central) these divisions with a high rate of increase from 1890 to 1900 grew stiff faster from 1900 to 1910, and divisions with a rela- tively low rate of growth in the former decade grew stiff more slowly in the latter decade. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OE INHABITANTS. INCREASE IN TOTAL POPULATION, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1890-1910. 23 Table 1 DIVISION AND STATIC. increa.se: I 1909-1910 increase: I 1890-1900 Number. Per cent. Nunibor. Per cent. United States 15,977,691 21.0 13,046, 861 20.7 GEOGR.trnic divisions: New England 960, 664 17.2 891,268 19.0 Middle Atlantic 3,861,214 25.0 2,748,458 21.6 East North Central 2,265,040 14.2 2,507,276 18. C West North Central 1,290,498 12.5 1,415,311 15.8 South Atlantic 1,751,415 16.8 1,585,558 17.9 East South Central 862, 1-14 11.4 1,118,603 17.4 West South Central 2,2.52, 244 34.5 1,791,307 .37.8 Mountain 958,860 57.3 460, 722 38.0 Pacific 1,775,612 73.5 528,358 28.0 New England: Maine 47,905 6.9 33,380 5.0 New Hampshire 18,984 4.6 35,058 9.3 Vermont 12,315 3.6 11,219 3.4 Massachusetts 561,070 20.0 566,399 25.3 Rhode Island 114,054 26.6 83,050 24.0 Connecticut 206,336 22.7 162, 162 21.7 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,844,720 25.4 1,265,720 21.1 New Jersey 653,498 34.7 438,736 30.4 Pennsylvania 1,362,9% 21.6 1,044,002 19.9 East North Central: Ohio 609,576 14.7 485,216 13.2 Indiana 184,414 7.3 324,058 14.8 Illinois 817,041 16.9 995, 198 26.0 Michigan 389, 191 16.1 327,092 15.6 Wisconsin 264,818 12.8 375,712 22.2 West North Central: Minnesota 324,314 18.5 441,111 33.7 Iowa -7,082 -0.3 319,556 16.7 Missouri 186, 670 6.0 427,480 16.0 North Dakota 257,910 80.8 128, 163 67.1 South Dakota 182,318 45. 4 52,970 15.2 Nebraska 125,914 11.8 3,644 0.3 Kansas 220,454 15.0 42,387 3.0 DIViaiON AND STATE. increase: 1 1900-1910 increa.se: I 1890-1900 Numlxir. Per cent. Number. Per cent. South Atlantic: Delaware 17,587 9.5 16,242 9.6 Maryland 107,302 9.0 145,654 14.0 District of Columbia 52, 351 18.8 48,320 21.0 Virginia 207, 428 11.2 198,204 12.0 West Virginia 262,319 27.4 196,006 25. 7 North Carolina 312,477 16.5 275,861 17.1 South Carolina 175,084 13.1 189,167 16.4 (loorgia 392,790 17.7 378,978 20.6 Florida 224,077 42.4 137, 120 35.0 East South Central: Kentucky 142,731 0.6 288,539 15.5 Tennessee 164, 173 8.1 253,098 14.3 Alabama 309,396 16.9 315,296 20.8 Mississippi 245,844 15.8 261,670 20.3 West South Central: Arkansas 262,885 20.0 183,353 16.3 Louisiana 274,763 19.9 263,037 23.5 Oklahoma^ 866,764 109.7 , 531,734 205.6 Texas 847,832 27.8 813, 183 36.4 Mountain: Montana 132,724 54.5 100,405 70.3 Idaho 163,822 101.3 73,224 82.7 Wvoming 53, 434 57.7 29,976 47.9 Colorada 259,324 48.0 126,451 30.6 New Mexico 131, 991 67.6 35,028 21.9 Arizona 81,423 66.2 34,688 39.3 Utah 96,602 34.9 65,970 31.3 Nevada 39,540 93.4 -5,020 -10.6 Pacific: Washington 623,887 120.4 160,871 45.0 Oregon 259,229 62.7 95,832 30.2 California 892,496 60.1 271,655 22.4 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1890 and 1900. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN TOTAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1900-1910. tNCREASE. II 1 1 1 Less than 10 per cent. VM 10 to 20 per cent. 20 to 30 per cent. 30 to 50 per cent. ^1 50 per cent and over. The heavy lines {— ) show geographic divisions. 24 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, AND OF SPECIFIED Table 5 IBIU 1900 1890' 1880 1870 1860 Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. Population. Rank. 1 United States, excluding outlying possessions 91,972,266 76,994,575 62,947,714 50,165,783 38,558,371 31,443,321 GEOORArillC DIVKSIONS: 2 New England 6,552,681 VII 5,592,017 VII 4,700,749 VII 4,010,529 VI 3,487,924 VI 3,135,283 V 3 Middle Atlantic 19,315,892 I 15,454,678 II 12,700,220 II 10,496,878 II 8,810,806 II 7,458,985 I 4 East North Central 18,250,621 II 15,985,581 I 13,478,305 I 11,206,668 I 9,124,517 I ei 926i 884 II 5 West North Central 11,037,921 IV 10,347,423 IV 8,932,112 III 6, 157, 443 IV 3,850,594 V 2, 169; 832 VI 6 South Atlantic 12, 194, 895 III 10, 443, 480 III 8, 857, 922 IV 7,597,197 III 5,853,610 III 5; 364; 703 III 7 East South Central 8,409,901 VI 7,547,757 V 6, 429, 154 V 5,585,151 V 4, 404, 445 IV 4, 020, 991 IV 8 West South Central 8, 784, 534 V 6,532,290 VI 4, 740, 983 VI 3, 334, 220 VII 2,029,965 VII 1,747,667 VII 9 Mountain 2,633,517 IX 1, 674, 657 IX 1,213,935 IX 653,119 IX 315, 385 IX 174,923 IX 10 Pacific 4,192,304 VIII 2, 416, 692 VIII 1, 888, 334 VIII 1,114,578 VIII 675, 125 VIII 444,053 VIII New Englanb: 11 Maine 742,371 34 694, 466 31 661,086 30 648,936 27 626, 915 23 628,279 22 12 Now Hampshire 430,572 39 411,588 37 376,530 33 346,991 31 318, 300 31 326,073 27 13 Vermont 355,956 42 343,641 39 332,422 37 332,286 32 330,551 30 315,098 28 14 Massachusetts 3,366,416 6 2,805,346 7 2, 238,947 6 1,783,085 7 1,457,351 7 1,231,066 7 15 Rhode Island 542,010 38 428,556 35 345,506 36 276,531 33 217,353 32 174,620 29 16 Connecticut 1,114,756 31 908,420 29 740,258 29 622,700 28 537,454 25 460, 147 24 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 9,113,614 1 7,268,894 1 6,003,174 1 5,082,871 1 4,382,759 1 3,880,735 1 18 New Jersey 2,537, 167 11 1,883,669 16 1,444,933 18 1,131,116 19 906,096 17 672, 035 21 19 Peimsylvania 7,665,111 2 6, 302,115 2 6,258,113 2 4,282,891 2 3,521,951 2 2,906,215 2 East North Central: 20 Ohio 4, 707, 121 4 4, 157,545 4 3, 672, 329 4 3,198,062 3 2,665,260 3 2,339,511 3 21 Indiana 2,700,876 9 2,516,402 8 2, 192, 404 8 1,978,301 6 1,680,637 6 1,350, 428 6 22 Illinois 5,638,591 3 4,821,550 3 3,826,352 3 3,077,871 4 2,539,891 4 1,711,951 4 23 Michigan 2,810,173 8 2,420,982 9 2,093,890 9 1,636,937 9 1,184,059 13 749,113 16 24 Wisconsin 2,333,860 13 2,069,042 13 1,693,330 14 1,315,497 16 1,054,670 15 775,881 15 West North Central; 25 Minnesota 2,075,708 19 1,751,394 19 1,310,283 20 780,773 26 439,706 28 172,023 30 26 Iowa 2,224,771 15 2,231,853 10 1,912,297 10 1,624,615 10 1,194,020 11 674,913 20 27 Missouri 3,293,335 7 3, 106, 065 5 2,679,185 5 2,168,380 5 1,721,295 5 1,182,012 8 28 North Dakota 577,056 37 319, 146 40 190,983 42 1 . . 29 South Dakota 583,888 36 401,570 38 348,600 335 > * 135, 177 40 * 14, 181 45 ‘ 4,837 42 30 Nebraska 1,192,214 29 1,066,300 27 1,062, 656 26 452,402 30 122,993 36 28,841 39 31 Kansas 1,690,949 22 1, 470, 495 22 1, 428, 108 19 996,096 20 364,399 29 107,206 33 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 202,322 47 184,735 45 168, 493 43 146,608 38 125,015 35 112,216 32 33 Maryland 1,295,340 27 1, 188, 044 26 1,042,390 27 934,943 23 780,894 20 687,049 19 34 District of Columbia 331,069 43 278,718 41 230,392 40 177, 624 36 131,700 34 75,080 35 35 Virginia 2,061,612 20 1,854,184 17 1,655,980 15 1,512,565 14 1,225,163 10 1,596,318 5 36 West Virginia 1,221,119 28 958, 800 28 762, 794 28 618,457 29 442,014 27 37 North Carolina 2, 206, 287 16 1,893; 810 15 1,617,949 16 1,399; 750 15 1, 071 ; 361 14 992, 622 12 38 South Carolina 1,515,400 26 1,340,316 24 1,151,149 23 995, 577 21 705,606 22 703, 708 18 39 Georgia 2,609,121 10 2,216,331 11 1,837,353 12 1,542, 180 13 1,184,109 12 1,057,286 11 40 Florida 752, 619 33 528, 542 33 391, 422 32 269, 493 34 187,748 33 140,424 31 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 2,289,905 14 2,147,174 12 1,858,635 11 1,648,690 8 1,321,011 8 1,155,684 9 42 Tennessee 2,184,789 17 2,020,616 14 1,767,518 13 1,542,359 12 1,258,520 9 1,109,801 10 43 Alabama 2,138,093 18 1,828,697 18 1,513,401 17 1,262,505 17 996,992 16 964,201 13 44 Mississippi 1,797,114 21 1,551,270 20 1,289,600 21 1,131,597 18 827,922 18 791,305 14 West South Central; 45 Arkansas 1,574, 449 25 1,311,564 25 1,128,211 24 802,525 25 484, 471 26 435, 450 25 46 Louisiana 1,656,388 24 1,381,625 23 1, 118, 588 25 939, 946 22 726, 915 21 708,002 17 47 Oklahoma 1,057,155 23 e 790,391 ’ 30 « 258, 657 339 48 Texas 3, 896; 542 6 3, 048; 710 6 2, 235; 527 • 7 1,591,749 11 818,579 19 604,215 23 Mountain: 49- Montana 376,053 40 243,329 43 142,924 45 39, 159 45 20,595 43 *)0 Idaho 325’ 594 45 161^772 46 88i 548 46 32^610 46 999 44 145' 965 48 92l 531 48 62’ 555 48 20i 789 47 9; 118 47 52 Colorado 799; 024 32 539; 700 32 413, 249 31 194; 327 35 39; 864 41 34, 277 38 53 New Mexico 327, 301 44 195,310 44 160,282 44 119,565 41 91, 874 37 93,516 34 54 Arizona 204,354 46 122,931 47 88, 243 3 47 40, 440 44 9,658 55 Utah 373, 351 41 276; 749 42 210; 779 41 143,963 39 86,786 39 40, 273 37 56 Nevada 81, 875 49 42,335 49 47,355 49 62,266 43 42,491 40 6,857 41 Pacific: 57 W ashington 1,141,990 30 518,103 34 357, 232 34 75,116 42 23,955 42 11,594 40 58 Oregon 672, 705 35 413,536 36 317,704 38 174,708 37 90,923 38 52, 465 36 59 California 2,377,549 12 1,485,053 21 1,213,398 22 864,694 24 500,247 24 379,994 26 60 Outlying possessions enu- 1,429,885 1,262,055 122,042 33,426 61 Alaska 04,356 63,592 32, 052 8 33, 426 6^ 191^909 154; 001 « 89,990 1 6? 1,118^ 012 JO 953,243 1 64 Military and naval 55,608 91,219 : i 1 > Includes population (325,464) of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, but not Included In the general report on population in 1890. » Includes persons (6,100 in 1840 and 5,318 in 1830) on public sblps In the service of the United States, not credited to any geographic division or state. 1 For 1890 the rank of South Dakota advances from 37 to 35 and that of .'Vrizoua from 48 to 47, when the population specially enumerated Is Included; and that ol Oklahoma advances from 46 to 39, when the population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated is Included. * Population for that jiart of Dakota territory taken to form North Dakota: 1880, 36,909; 1870, 2,405; and for that part taken to form South Dakota: 1880, 98,208; 1870, 11,776. 6 Dakota territory. « Includes population of Indian Territory: lUOO, 392,060; 1890, 180,182. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS 25 WITU RANK ACCORDING TO POPULATION; 1790 1910. 1840 Population. <17,069,453 2,234,822 4,526,260 2,924, 728 426,814 3,925,299 2,575,445 449,985 501, 793 284,574 291,948 737,699 108,830 309,978 2,428,921 373,306 1,724,033 1,519,467 685,866 476, 183 212, 267 30,945 43,112 383,702 Rank. V I III VII II IV VI 1880 Population. < 12,866,020 1,954,717 3,587,664 1,470,018 140, 455 3,645,752 1,815,969 246, 127 399,455 269,328 280,652 610, 408 97, 199 297,675 1,918,608 320,823 1,348,233 937,903 343,031 157,445 31,639 140,455 Rank. III II V VII I IV VI 1820 Population. 9,638,463 1,660,071 2,699,845 792,719 66, 586 3,061,063 1,190, 489 167,680 298,335 244, 161 235,981 523,287 83,059 275, 248 1,372,812 277,575 1,049,458 581,434 147, 178 55,211 8,896 66,586 Rank. III II V VII I IV VI 1810 Population . 7,239,881 1,471,973 2,014,702 272, 324 19, 783 2,674,891 708,590 77,618 228, 705 214, 460 217,895 472,040 76,931 261,942 959,049 245,562 810,091 230, 760 24,520 12,282 4,762 19, 783 Rank. III II V VII I IV VI 1800 Population. 6,308,483 1,233,011 1,402, 565 51,006 2,286,494 335,407 151,719 183,858 154, 465 422, 845 69, 122 251,002 589,051 211,149 602,365 45,365 5,641 Rank. Ill II V I IV 1700 Population. 3,929,214 1,009,408 958,632 1,851,806 109,368 96,540 141,885 85,425 378, 787 68,825 237,946 340, 120 184, 139 434,373 Rank. II III I IV 11 10 12 4 15 8 78,085 470,019 43,712 1,239,797 76, 748 447,040 39,834 1,211,405 72,749 407,350 33,039 1,065,366 72, 674 380, 546 24,023 974, 600 64, 273 341,548 14,093 880,200 17 59,096 319, 728 747,610 16 6 753,419 594,398 691,392 54,477 779,828 829, 210 590,756 375,651 97,574 352,411 737,987 581, 185 516,823 34,730 687,917 681,904 309,527 136,621 30,388 215,739 638,829 502, 741 340,989 555,500 415,115 252, 433 478, 103 345,591 162,686 564,317 422,823 127,901 75,448 14,273 153,407 406,511 261, 727 220,955 105,602 40,352 1,062 76,556 20 8,850 20 393, 751 249,073 82,548 73,677 35,691 3 7 13 14 17 loma In 1900 ranked 38 and Indian Territory 39. The opuiation of Indian Territory with that of Oklahoma, numerated under the law, but the population was not •t on population In 1880. as taken as of Dec. 28, 1890, under the direction of the >0 According to the census of Porto Rico taken in 1899 imder the direction of the War Department. >> Persons in the military and naval service of the United States (including civilian employees, etc.) stationed abroad, not credited to any state or territory. 26 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Apportionment of representation. — Table 6 gives for 1910 the jK)[)ulation of each state, exclusive of In- dians not taxed, who, according to the Constitution, are not to bo included in the population forming the basis of the apportionment of representatives among the several states. The population of Arizona and New Mexico is not included in the main table but is added as an appendix. These territories had not yet become states when the apportionment act of 1911 was ])assed, though provision for their representation was made in the act. Now that they have been ad- mitted as states the total apportionment population of the states, exclusive of Indians not taxed, and not counting the Distiict of Columbia, is 91,569,325. As the count of population is made primarily for the purpose of fixing the membership of the House of Representatives, under the provisions of section 2 of Article I of the Constitution, as modified by section 2 of Article XIV of the Amendments, a state- ment is given in Table 7 of the number of Representa- tives assigned to each of the states by the Constitution in 1789 and by the several apportionment acts from the formation of the Government to the present time. The dates of the apportionment acts and the ratio of population to each representative under said acts are also given on page 27. The membershi]) of the House of Representatives was originally fixed at 65, under the provisions of section 2 of Aiiicle I of the Constitution. The apportionments of Representatives in Congress, under the first six censuses — 1790 to 1840, inclusive — were made by Congress, each by a separate act. The law for taking the census of 1850 (act of May 23, 1850, 9 Stat. L., 428), which was intended to be permanent, presented a rule of apportionment, fixed the number of members of the House at 233, and directed the Secretary of the Interior thereafter to make the apportionment. The apportionment under the census of 1860 was also made under this law, but Congress, on March 4, 1862, fixed the total number of members at 241, and the Secretary of the Interior apportioned the new quotas to the states. The ' apportionments from and after the census of 1870 were made by Congress, each by a separate act; hence it may be assumed that the power conferred on the Secretary of the Interior by the act of May 23, 1850, was repealed by implication. POPULATION FOR APPORTIONMENT PURPOSES; 1910. Table 6 Alabama. . . Arkansas. . . California. . . Colorado. . . Connecticut Total STATE. population: 1910 2,138,093 1,574, 449 2,377,549 799,024 1,114,756 Delaware Florida. . Georgia. . Idaho Illinois. . . 202,322 752,019 2,609,121 32.5,594 5,638,591 Indiana. . . Iowa Kansas. . . Kentucky Louisiana. 2,700,870 2,224,771 1,690,949 2,289,905 1,656,388 Maine Maryland Mas.sachusetts Michigan 742,371 1,295,346 3,366,416 2,810,173 Miimesota . Mississippi . Missouri. . . Montana. . . 2,075,708 1,797,114 3,293,335 376,053 Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey 1,192,214 81,875 430, 572 2,537,167 Indians not taxed: 1910 9S8 452 2, 154 1,332 9,715 1,582 Population basis of apportion- ment. 2,138,093 1,574,449 2,376,561 798.572 1,114,756 202,322 752,619 2,609,121 323, 440 5,638,591 2,700,876 2,224,771 1,690,949 2,289,905 1,656,388 742,371 1,295,346 3,366,410 2,810,173 2,074,376 1,797,114 3,293,335 366,338 1,192,214 80,293 430. 572 2,537,167 New York North Carolina North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma STATE. Total population: 1910 Indians not taxed: 1910 Population basis of apportion- ment. 9,113,614 2,206,287 577,056 4,767,121 1,657,155 4,680 2,653 9, 108,934 2,206,287 574, 403 4,767,121 1,657,155 Oregon Pennsylvania. , Rhode Island.. South Carolina South Dakota. 672,765 7,665,111 542,610 1,515,400 583,888 8,212 672, 705 7,665,111 542,610 1,515,400 575,676 Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. Virginia .. 2,184,789 3, 8%, 542 373,351 355,956 2,061,612 1,487 2,184,789 3,896,542 371,864 355,956 2,061,612 Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total for 46 states Arizona New Mexico Total, including .Vrizona and New Mexico District of Columbia Total for the United States 1,141,990 1,221,119 2, 333,860 145,%5 1,850 1,140,134 1,221,119 2,332,853 144,658 1,007 1,307 91,109,542 204,354 327, 301 37, 425 24,129 10,318 91,072,117 180,225 316,983 91,641,197 331,069 71,872 91,569,325 91,072,266 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHABITANTS. 27 NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNDER EACH APPORTIONMENT; 1789-1910. Table 7 Total under apportionment act Assigned to new states after apportionment act Alabama. . Arizona.. . Arkansas . California. Colorado. . Connecticut. Delaware. . . Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky. Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri . . . Montana . . . Nebraska. . Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island. . South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont. Virginia. . Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin Wyoming 1910 435 10 6 1 7 11 4 5 1 4 12 2 27 13 11 8 11 8 4 6 16 13 10 8 16 2 6 1 2 12 5 1 43 10 3 22 8 3 36 3 7 3 10 18 2 2 10 5 -6 11 1 1900 386 5 1890 356 1 34 1880 325 7 18701 292 / 33 20 10 1860 •> 241 2 1860 3 234 S 1840 1830 223 9 42 240 2 18-20 1810 213 181 6 4 1 4 1 1800 141 / 1790 105 1 4 1 1789 65 10 > Membership originally fixed at 283, but increased by act of May 30, 1872, to 292 (17 Stat. L., 192). 3 Membership increased from 233 to 241 by act of Mar. 4, 1862 (12 Stat. L.,353). 3 Membership Increased from 233 to 234 by act of July 30, 1852 (19 Stat. L., 25). 4 Aasigned after apportionment. 3 Included In apportionment act In anticipation of becoming a state. » Included in the 20 members originally assigned to Ma.ssachusetts, but credited to Maine, after its admission as a state. Mar. 15, 1820 (3 Stat. L., 555). DATES OF APPORTIONMENT ACTS AND RATIO OF POPULATION TO EACH REPRESENTATIVE. CENSUS. Date of apportionment act. Ratio. CENSUS. Date of apportionment act. Ratio. 1910 Aug. 8, 1911 (37 Stat. L., 13) 211,877 1840 June 25, 1842 (5 Stat. L., 491) 70. 680 1900.. . . Jan^ 16, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 733) 194^ 182 1830 May 22,' 1832 (4 Stat. L.,' 516) 47,700 1890 Feb. 7, 1891 (26 Stat. L., 735) 173; 901 1820 Mar. 7, 1822 (3 Stat. L., 651) 40,000 1880 Feb. 25, 1882'(22 Stat. L., 5)'. 151,911 1810 Dec. 21, 1811 (2 Stat. L., 669) 35^000 1870 Feb. 2, 1872 (i7 Stat. L., 28) 131,425 1800 Jan. 14,T802 (2 Stat. L.,T28) 33,000 I860 May 23, 1850 (9 Stat. L.,' 42^432) 127i381 1790 Apr. 14, 1792 (1 Stat. L.’, 253) 33i000 1850 May 23, 1850 (9 Stat. L.', 428-432) 93; 423 Constitution, 1789 30,000 28 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS-POPULATION. AREA AND DENSITY OF POPULATION. Area. — At the First Census, in 1790, the United States comprised substantially the territory between tlie Atlantic Ocean and the Mississipj)i River except Florida, representing a gross area (land and water sur- face) of 892,135 square miles. The United States, with its outlying possessions, now comprises a gross area of 3,743,306 square miles, or more than four times the area in 1790. The successive accessions of territory were as follows: Tabic 8 ACCESSION, Gross area In square miles. ACCESSION. G ross area in s(| uare miles. United States Area of U. S. in 1790' Louisiana Purchase, 1803 .. Florida, 1819 Territory gained through Treaty with Spain, 1819 . Texas, 1845 3,026,789 Outlying possessions . Alaska, 1867 Hawaii, 1898 Philippine Islands, 1899 Porto Rico, 1899 Guam, 1899 716,517 892, 135 827, 987 58,666 13,435 389, 166 286, 541 529. 189 29,670 590,884 6,449 115,026 3,435 210 77 436 Oregon, 1846 Mexican Cession, 1848 Gadsden Purchase, 1853 . . . Panama Canal Zone, 1904. . ' Includes the drainage basin of the Red River of the North, not a part of any acquisition, but previously considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase. The area in 1910, by states, was as follows: Table 0 STATE. Rank in AREA IN SQUARE MILES. ^oss area. Gross. Land. Water.! 3,026,789 265. 896 2,973,890 262,398 52,899 3,498 Texas 1 California 2 158, 297 155,652 2,645 Montana 3 146. 997 146, 201 796 New Mexico 4 122.634 122, 503 131 Arizona 5 113,956 113, 810 146 Nevada 6 110,690 109, 821 869 Colorado 7 103, 948 103, 658 290 Wyoming 8 97,914 97,594 320 Oregon 9 96, 699 95, 607 1.092 Utah 10 84, 990 82, 184 2,806 Minnesota 11 84, 682 80, 858 3,824 Idaho 12 83,888 83,354 534 Kansas 13 82, 158 81,774 3S4 South Dakota 14 77,615 76, 868 747 Nebraska 15 77,520 76, 808 712 North Dakota 16 70, 837 70, 183 654 Oklahoma 17 70, 057 69,414 643 Missouri 18 69, 420 68, 727 693 Washington 19 69, 127 66, 836 2,291 Georgia 20 59,265 58, 725 540 Florida 21 58, 666 54,861 3, 805 Michigan 22 57, 980 57,480 500 Illinois 23 56, 665 56, 043 622 Iowa 24 56, 147 55, 58G 561 Wisconsin 25 56, 066 55,256 810 Arkansas 26 53, 335 52,525 810 North Carolina 27 52, 426 48, 740 3, 086 Alabama 28 51,998 61,279 719 New York 29 49, 204 47, 654 1,550 Louisiana 30 48, 506 45, 409 3,097 Mississippi 31 46,865 46,362 503 Pennsylvania 32 45, 126 44, 832 294 Virginia 33 42, 627 40, 262 2,305 Tennessee 34 42,022 41,687 335 Ohio 35 41,040 40, 740 300 Kentucky 36 40,598 40, 181 417 Indiana 37 36, 354 36,045 309 Maine 38 33, 040 29, 895 3, 145 South Carolina 39 30, 989 30, 495 494 West Virginia 40 24. 170 24,022 148 Maryland 41 12,327 9,941 2,386 Vermont 42 9,564 9, 124 4d() New Hampshire 43 9,341 9,031 310 Massachusetts 44 8,266 8, 039 227 New Jersey 4o 8, 224 7,514 710 Connecticut 46 4,965 4,820 145 Delaware 47 2,370 1,965 405 Rhode Lsland 48 1,248 1,067 181 District of Columbia 49 70 60 10 ■ Docs not include the water surface of the oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Great Lukes, lying within the jurisdiction of tiie United States. Population per square mile. — Table 10 shows, for the United States, the total population, land area in square miles, and population per square mile of land area, at each census since 1790. Table lO CENSUS YEAR. Population of the United States. Land area in square miles. Popula- tion per square mile. 1910 91,972,206 2,973,890 30.9 1900 75,994,575 2,974, 159 25.6 1890 02,947,714 2,973,965 21.2 1880 50,155,783 2,973,965 16.9 1870 38,558,371 2,973,965 13.0 1860 31,443,321 2,973,965 10.6 1850 23,191,876 2,944,337 7.9 1840 17,069,4.53 1,753,588 9.7 1830 12,806, 020 1,753,588 7.3 1820 9,038,453 1,753,588 5.5 1810 7,239,881 1,685,865 4.3 1800 5, 308, 483 867,980 6.1 1790 3,929,214 867,980 4.5 According to the census of 1910, there were in the United States, on the average, 30.9 inliabitants to each square mile of land area, or nearly seven times the number per square mile shown for the much smaller area of 1790, and nearly three times the number shown for 1860. The decrease in the average number of inhabitants per square mile at the censuses of 1810 and 1850 was due in each case to large accessions of thinly populated territory during the preceding decade. The relative density of population of each state of the United States in 1910 is exliibited by the map on the opposite page, while Table 1 1 shows, for each geo- graphic division and state, the population and land area in 1910 and the population per square mile at each of the last three censuses. In the order of density of population the geographic divisions ranked as follows hi 1910: Middle Atlantic, 193.2 inhabitants per square mile; New England, 105.7 ; East North Central, 74.3; East South Central, 46.8; South Atlantic, 45.3; West North Central, 22.8; West South Central, 20.4; Pacific, 13.2; Mountain, 3.1. Aside from the District of Columbia there were 10 states m which there was in 1910 a population per square mile of more than 100. These states, in the order of density of population, arc as follows: Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Delaware, and Illinois. There were 16 states which had, on the average, less than 18 inhabitants to the square mile. Eight of these states are in the Mountain division (comprising its entire area), 3 in the Pacific division (comjirising its entire area), 3 in the West North Central division, 1 in the West South Clcntral division, and 1 in the South Atlantic division. Among the outlying possessions Alaska had an aver- age density of only 0.1 per sipiare mile; Hawaii, 29.8, about that of Arkansas; and Porto Rico, 325.5, or greater than that of any state of the United States excejit Rhode Island, Ma.ssachusetts, and New Jersey. AREA AND DENSITY. POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE, BY STATES: 1910. 29 POPULATION PER SQUARE MILE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. Table 1 1 DIVISION AND STATE. Population; 1910 Land area in square miles: 1910 POPUXATION PER SQUARE MILE. 1910 1900 1890 United States 91,972,266 2,973,890 30.9 25.6 21.2 Geographic divisions: New England 6,552,681 61,976 105.7 90.2 75.8 Middle Atlantic 19,315,892 100,000 193.2 154.5 127.1 East North Central 18,250,621 245, 564 74.3 65.2 54.9 West North Central 11,637,921 510,804 22.8 20.3 17.5 South Atlantic 12,194,895 269,071 45.3 38.8 32.9 East South Central 8,409,901 179,509 46.8 42.0 35.8 West South Central 8,784,534 429,746 20.4 15.2 11.0 Mountain 2,633,517 859,125 3.1 1.9 1.4 Pacific 4,192,304 318,095 13.2 7.6 5.9 New England; Maine 742,371 29,895 24.8 23.2 22.1 New Hampshire 430,572 9,031 47.7 45.6 41.7 Vermont 355,956 9,124 39.0 37.7 30.4 Massachusetts 3,366,416 8,039 418.8 349.0 278.5 Rhode Island 542,610 1,067 508.5 401.6 323.8 Connecticut 1,114,756 4,820 231.3 188.5 154.8 Middle Atlantic: New York 9,113,614 47,654 191.2 152.5 126.0 New Jersey 2,537,167 7,514 337.7 250.7 192.3 Pennsylvania 7,665,111 44,832 171.0 140.6 117.3 East North Central: Ohio 4,767,121 40,740 117.0 102.1 90.1 Indiana 2,700,876 36,045 74.9 70.1 61.1 Illinois , 5,638,591 66,043 100.6 86.1 68.3 Michigan 2,810,173 57,480 48.9 42.1 36.4 Wisconsin 2,333,860 55,256 42.2 37.4 30.6 West North Central: Minnesota 2,075,708 80,858 25.7 21.7 16.2 Iowa 2,224,771 55,586 40.0 40.2 34.4 Missouri 3,293,335 68,727 47.9 45.2 39.0 North Dakota 577,0.56 70, 183 8.2 4.5 2.7 South Dakota 583,888 76,868 7.6 5.2 4.5 Nebraska 1,192,214 76,808 15.5 13.9 13.8 Kansas 1,690,949 81,774 20.7 18.0 17.5 DmSION AND STATE. Population: 1910 Land area in square miles: 1910 POPUT.ATION PER SQUARE MILE. 1910 1900 1890 South Atlantic: Delaware 202,322 1,965 103.0 94.0 8.5.7 Maryland 1,295, 346 9,941 130.3 119.5 104.9 District of Columbia 331,069 60 5,517.8 4,645.3 3,972.3 Virginia 2,061,612 40,262 51.2 46.1 41.1 West Virginia 1,221,119 24,022 50.8 39.9 31.8 North Carolina 2,206,287 48,740 45.3 38.9 33.2 South Carolina 1,515,400 30,495 49.7 44.0 37.7 Georgia 2,609,121 58,725 44.4 37.7 31.3 Florida 752,619 54,861 13.7 9.6 7.1 East South Central: Kentucky 2,289,905 40,181 57.0 53.4 46.3 Tennessee 2,184,789 41,687 52.4 48.5 42.4 Alabama 2,138,093 51,279 41.7 35.7 29.5 Mississippi 1,797,114 46,362 38.8 33.5 27.8 West South Central: Arkansas 1,574,449 52,525 30.0 25.0 21.5 Louisiana 1,656,388 45,409 36.5 30.4 24.6 Oklahoma' 1,657,155 69,414 23.9 11.4 3.7 Texas 3,896,542 262,398 14.8 11.6 8.5 Mountain: Montana 376,053 146,201 2.6 1.7 1.0 Idaho 325,594 83,354 3.9 1.9 1.1 Wyoming 145,965 97,594 1.5 0.9 0.6 Colorado 799,024 103,658 7.7 5.2 4 0 New Mexico 327,301 122,503 2.7 1.6 1.3 Arizona 204,354 113,810 1.8 1.1 0.8 Utah 373,351 82,184 4.5 3.4 2.6 Nevada 81,875 109,821 0.7 0.4 0.4 Pacific: Washington 1,141,990 66,836 17.1 7.8 5.3 Oregon 672,765 95,607 7.0 4.3 3.3 California 2,377,549 155,652 15.3 9.5 7.8 Includes Indian Territory for 1890 and 1900. 30 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. CENTER OF POPULATION. On the basis of the Tliirtocnth Census returns the center of population and the median point for the United States have been determined for April 15, 1910. In these calculations no account is taken of the teri’itory and population of Alaska and of other outlying ])ossessions. The center is often understood to be the point of in- tersection of a north and south line which divides the population equally, with an east and west line wliich likewise divides it equally. This point of intersection is, in a certain sense, a center of population; it is here, however, designated the median point to distinguish it from the point technically defined as the center. The character of these two points may be made clear through a physical analogy. The center of population may be said to represent the center of gravity of the population. If the surface of the United States be considered as a rigid plane without weight, capable of sustaining the population distributed thereon, individuals being assumed to be of equal weight, and each, therefore, to exert a pressure on any supporting pivotal point directly proportional to his distance from the point, the pivotal point on which the plane balances would, of course, be its center of gravity; and this is the point referred to by the term “center of population,” as used in this chapter. In determining the median point distance is not taken into account, and the location of the units of popu- lation is considered only in relation to the intersecting median lines — as being north or south of the median parallel and east or west of the median meridian. Extensive changes in the geographic distribution of the population may take place without affecting the median point, whereas the center of population re- sponds to the slightest population change in any sec- tion of the country. At the Thirteenth Census the center of population was in the following position: Latitude •. 39° 10' 12" N. Longitude 86° 32' 20" W. This point is in southern Indiana, in the western part of Bloomington city, Monroe County. During the last decade, 1900 to 1910, the center of population moved west 43' 26", approximately 39 miles, while its northward movement was only 36", or approximately seven-tenths of a mile. The westward movement from 1900 to 1910 was nearly three times as great as that from 1890 to 1900, but was less than that for any decade between 1840 and 1890. The closeness with which the center of population throughout its westward movement has clung to the thirty-ninth parallel of latitude is remarkable. The total westward movement since 1790 is 557 miles. The foUowuig table and the map on the opposite page show the location of the center of population and its proximity to important towns at each suc- cessive Federal census, and its westward advance during each decade since 1790: Table 13 CENSUS YEAR. LOCATION. North latitude. West longitude. O 1790 39 16 30 76 11 12 1800 39 16 6 76 56 30 1810 39 11 30 77 37 12 1820 39 5 42 78 33 0 1830 38 57 54 79 16 54 1840 39 2 0 80 18 0 1850 38 59 0 81 19 0 1860 39 0 24 82 48 48 1870 39 12 0 83 35 42 1880 39 4 8 84 39 40 1890 39 11 56 85 32 53 1900 39 9 36 85 48 54 1910 39 10 12 86 32 20 MOVEMENT IN MILES DURING PRECEDING DECADE. APPROXIMATE LOCATION BY IMPORTANT TOWNS. From point to point In direct line. Westward. Northward. Southward. 23 miles east of Baltimore, Md 18 miles west of Baltimore, Md 40.6 40.6 0.5 40 miles northwest by west of Washington, D. C. . 36.9 36.5 5.3 16 miles north of Woodstock, Va 50.5 50.1 6.7 19 miles west-southwest of Moorefield, W. Va 40.4 39.4 9.0 16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va 55.0 54.8 4.7 9 .^ miles ROiithenst. of PnrlcerRhiirpj W. Vn, 54.8 54.7 3.5 20 miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio 80.6 80.6 1.6 48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, Ohio 44. 1 42. 1 13.3 8 miles west by south of Cincinnati, Ohio 58. 1 57.4 9.1 20 miles east of Columbus, Ind 48.6 47.7 9.0 6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind 14.6 14.4 2.8 In the city of Bloomington, Ind 39.0 38.9 0.8 In connection with the location of the center of population of the United States it is of interest to note also the position of what may be termed the center of area — that is, the point on which the sur- face of the United States would balance if it were a plane of uniform weight per unit of area. This point is located in northern Kansas, 10 miles north of Smith Center, the county seat of Smith County, approximate latitude 39° 55', longitude 98° 50', and is therefore about three-fourths of a degree (51 miles) north and 121 degrees (657 miles) west of the center of ])opu- lation. This would be the center of population if the population were distributed evenly over the territory of the United States. In 1910 the median point was located at latitude 40° 6' 24" north and longitude 84° 59' 59" west, prac- tically the eighty-fifth meridian. Its location, there- fore, was 3J miles south of Winchester, Randolph County, Ind.; its westward movement during the dec- ade was 7.5 miles, its northward movement 2.3 miles. ( 31 ) 32 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Tables 13 and 14 show tlie area and population in 1910 of each county or equivalent subdivision of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico; also the population in 1900 and 1890, except for such counties as were organized subsequent to these censuses. Notes immediately following the tables indicate changes in counties which affect the com- parability of the figures. ( Text continued on page 54.) AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES; 1910, 1900, AND 1890. (In computing the increase from 1890 to 1900 for certain counties the population of Indian reservations in 1900 has been deducted from the total population of the countv in order to make that total comparable with the total for 1890, which does not include the population of Indian reservations.] [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Taljle COUNTY. Land area in square miles; 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 ALABAMA 61,279 2,138,093 1,828,697 11,513,401 16.9 20.8 Autauga .584 20,038 17,915 1.3,330 11.9 34.4 Baldwin 1,5')5 18,178 13, 194 8,941 37.8 47.0 Barbour 912 32, 728 35, 152 34, 898 -6.9 0.7 Bibb 634 22, 791 18,498 13,824 23.2 33.8 Blount^ (■49 21,456 23,119 21,927 -7.2 5.4 Bullock 610 30, 196 31,944 27,063 -5.5 18.0 Butler 703 29,030 25,761 21,641 12.7 19.0 Calhoun 2 630 39,115 34, 874 3.3,8.35 12.2 3.1 Chambers 58.8 36,056 32,554 26,319 10.8 23.7 Cherokee 577 20,226 21,096 20,459 -4.1 3.1 Chilton 729 23, 187 16, 522 14,549 40.3 13.6 Choctaw 932 18,483 18, 136 17,526 1.9 3.5 1,216 30,987 27,790 22, 624 11.5 22.8 Clay 2 614 21,006 17,099 15,765 22,8 8.5 Cleburne* 508 13,385 13, 206 13,218 1.4 -0.1 Coffee 678 26,119 20,972 12, 170 24.5 72.3 Colbert* 618 24,802 22,341 20, 189 11.0 10.7 Conecuh 849 21, 433 17,514 14,594 22.4 20.0 Coosa 655 10, 034 16,144 15,906 3.0 1.5 Covington 1,042 32,124 15,340 7,536 109.3 103.6 Crenshaw 618 23,313 19,608 15,425 18.5 27.5 Cullman * 763 28, 321 17,849 13, 439 58.7 32.8 Dale* 563 21,608 21,189 17,225 2.0 23.0 Dallas 957 53,401 54,657 49,350 -2.3 10.8 Dekalb 786 28,261 23,558 21,106 20.0 11.6 Elmore 622 28,245 26,099 21,732 8.2 20.1 Escambia 957 18,889 11,320 8,066 66.9 30.6 Etowah 542 39, 109 27,301 21,926 42.9 24.8 Fayette 643 10,248 14, 1.32 12,823 15.0 10.2 Franklin* 647 19,369 16,511 10,681 17.3 54.6 Geneva* 578 26, 2.30 19,096 10,690 37.4 78.6 Greene 635 22,717 24, 182 22,007 -6.1 9.9 Hale 646 27,883 31,011 27, 501 -10.1 12.8 Henry* 560 20,943 36, 147 24, 847 -42.1 45.5 579 32,414 Jackson 1,140 32,918 30, 508 28,026 7.9 8.9 Jefferson* 1,135 226, 476 140, 420 88,501 61.3 58.7 Lamar 601 17,487 16,084 14,187 8.7 13.4 Lauderdale 694 30,936 26, 559 23, 739 16.5 11.9 Lawrence* 700 21,984 20,124 20, 725 9.2 -2.9 Lee 632 32,807 31,826 28,694 3.3 10.9 Limestone 596 26,880 22,387 21,201 20.1 5.6 Lowndes 739 31,894 35,651 31, 550 -10.5 ' 13.0 Macon 014 26,049 23, 126 18, 439 12.6 25.4 Madison 811 47,041 43, 702 38,119 7.6 14.6 Marengo 906 39,923 38,315 3.3,095 4.2 15.8 Marion 743 17, 495 14,494 11,347 20.7 27.7 Marshall 602 28,5.53 23,289 18,935 22.6 23.0 Mobile 1,226 80,854 62, 740 51,587 28.9 21.6 Monroe 1,012 27,155 23,666 18,990 14.7 24.6 Montgomery 801 82, 178 72,047 56, 172 14.1 28.3 Morgan 587 33, 781 28, 820 24,089 17.2 19.6 Perry 737 31,222 31,783 29,332 -1.8 8.4 Pickens 875 2,5,0.55 24, 402 22, 470 2.7 8.6 Pike 671 30,815 29,172 24,423 5.6 19.4 Randolph 590 24,659 21,647 17,219 1.3.9 25.7 Russell 055 2,5,937 27, 083 24, 093 -4.2 12.4 St. Clair 645 20, 715 19,425 17,353 6.6 11.9 Shelby 806 26,949 2.3, 684 20, 886 13.8 13.4 Sumter 908 28,699 32,710 29,574 -12.3 10.6 Talladega* 755 ,37,921 35, 773 29,346 6.0 21.9 Tallapoosa 703 31,034 29,67,5 25, 460 4.6 16.6 Tuscaloosa 1,340 47,559 36, 147 30, 352 31.6 19. 1 777 37,013 25, 162 16,078 47. 1 56.5 Washington 1,0.87 14, 4.54 li;i.34 7; 935 29.8 40.3 Wilcox 890 3,3,810 35, 6.31 30,816 -5. 1 15. 0 VV ins ton 0,30 12,855 9, .554 6,652 34.6 4 . 5.8 > State total includes population (384) specially enumerated In 1890, not dis- tributed by counties. 2 For changes in boundaries, ote. , of counties, see page 53. » State total includes population (3,005) of San Carlos Indian Reservation, not returned by countiesin 19(X); returned in 1910in Cilaand Graham Counties. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1910 1900 1.890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 ARIZONA 113,810 204,354 3 122,931 <88,243 66.2 39.3 Apache * 11,379 9,196 8,297 4,281 10.8 6-31.0 Cochise Coconino* 6,170 18,238 4,683 34, 591 8,130 9,251 5,514 6,938 273.9 47.4 33.3 Gila 16, 348 4; 973 2,021 228.7 6 111.0 Graham 6,508 23,999 14, 162 5,670 69.5 149.8 Maricopa 8,891 34,488 20,457 10,986 68.6 6 63.9 Mohave Navajo* 13,390 10,300 9,505 3,773 11,471 3,426 8,829 14,689 1,444 10.1 29.9 137.3 Pima* 22,818 12,073 55.3 6 3.7 Pinal Santa Cruz* 5,380 1,229 8,150 9,045 6,760 7,779 4,545 13, 799 4,251 16.3 48.9 6 13.5 Yavapai* 15,996 8.685 15.9 kg Yuma 9,987 7, 733 4,145 2,671 86.6 6 34.3 ARKANSAS 52,525 1,574,449 1,311,564 ei,128,211 20.0 16.8 Arkansas 1,000 16, 103 12,973 11,432 24.1 13.5 Ashley 940 25,268 19, 734 13,295 28.0 48.4 Baxter 586 10,389 9,298 8,527 11.7 9.0 Benton 876 33, 389 31,611 27,716 5.6 14.1 Boone 608 14,318 16,396 15,816 -12.7 3.7 Bradley 659 14,518 9,651 7,972 50.4 21.1 Calhoim 629 9,894 8,539 7,267 15.9 17.5 Carroll 641 16,829 18,848 17,288 -10.7 9.0 Chicot 607 21,987 14,528 11,419 51.3 27.2 Clark 882 23,686 21, 289 20,997 11.3 1.4 Clay* 654 23,690 15,886 12,200 49.1 30.2 Cleburne 596 11,903 9,628 7,884 23.6 22.1 Cleveland 603 13,481 11,620 11,362 16.0 2.3 Columbia* 785 23, 820 22,077 19,893 7.9 11.0 Conway 563 22, 729 19, 772 19, 459 15.0 1.6 Craighead 687 27, 627 19,505 12,025 41.6 62.2 Crawford* 593 23,942 21,270 21,714 12.6 -2.0 Crittenden 582 22, 447 14,042 14,529 13,940 54.5 4.2 Cross 619 11,051 7,693 27.1 43.7 Dallas 679 12,621 11,518 9,296 9.6 23.9 Desha 747 15,274 11,511 10,324 32.7 11.5 Drew 847 21,960 19,451 17,352 12.9 12.1 Faulkner 651 23,708 20,780 18,342 14.1 13.3 Franklin* 606 20,638 17,395 19,934 18.6 -12.7 Fulton 625 12,193 12,917 10,984 -5.6 17.6 Garland 631 27,271 18, 773 15,328 45.3 22.5 Grant 637 9,425 7,671 7,786 22.9 -1.5 Greene* 561 23, 852 16,979 12,908 40.5 31.5 Hempstead 727 28,285 24,101 22, 796 17.4 5.7 Hot Spring 613 15,022 12,748 11,603 17.8 9.9 Howard * 602 16,898 14,076 13, 789 20.0 2.1 Independence 762 24, 776 22,557 21,961 9.8 2.7 Izard 583 14,561 13,506 13,0.38 7.8 3.6 J ackson 634 23, 501 18,383 15, 179 27.8 21.1 Jefferson 903 52, 734 40,972 40,881 28.7 0.2 Johnson 675 19,698 17, 448 16,758 12.9 4.1 Lafayette * 525 13,741 10,594 7,700 29.7 37.6 Lawrence 592 20,001 16,491 12,984 21.3 27.0 Lee 601 24, 252 19,409 18, 886 25.0 2.8 Lincoln 671 15,118 13,389 10,255 12.9 30.6 Little River 646 13,597 13, 731 8,903 -1.0 54.2 Logan* 726 26,350 20, .563 20,774 28.1 -1.0 Lonoke 794 27,983 22, 544 19,263 24.1 17.0 Madison 836 16,056 10,203 19,864 17,402 -19.2 14.1 Marion 646 11,377 10,390 -10.3 9.5 Miller 623 19,555 17,558 14,714 11.4 19.3 Mississippi* 792 30, 468 16,384 11,635 86.0 40.8 Monroe 6)03 19,907 16,816 15,336 18.4 9.7 Montgomery 891 12,455 9,444 16,609 7,923 31.9 19.2 Nevada 620 19,344 14,832 16. 5 12.0 Newton 846 10,612 12,5.38 9,950 -1,5.4 26.0 Ouachita 733 21,774 20,892 17,033 4.2 22.7 Perry 662 9, 402 7,294 5,5.38 28.9 31.7 Phillips 692 33, 535 26, .561 25, 341 26.3 4.8 Pike 601 12, 565 10,301 8,537 22.0 20.7 < Stale total includes population (28,023) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. ‘ See hcadnoto to table. » State total includes population (32) specially enumerated In 1890, not dis- tributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES 33 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con, COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEU CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 ISOO 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 ARKANSAS— Con. Poinsett 721 12, 791 7,025 4,272 82.1 64.4 Polk 846 17, 216 18;352 9,283 -6.2 97.7 Pope 828 24, 527 21,715 19, 458 12.9 11.6 Prairie 675 13,853 11,875 11,374 16.7 4. 4 Pulaski 747 86,751 63,179 47,329 37.3 33.5 Randolph 654 18,987 17, 156 14,485 10.7 18.4 St. Francis 628 22,548 17, 157 13,543 31.4 26.7 Saline 775 16,657 13, 122 11,311 26.9 16.0 Scott' 970 14,302 13, 183 12,635 8.5 4.3 Searcy 673 14,825 11,988 9,664 23.7 24.0 Sebastian' 531 52, 278 36,935 33,200 41.5 11.3 Sevier' 572 16,616 16,339 10, 072 1.7 62. 2 Sharp 609 11,688 12, 199 10, 418 -4.2 17.1 Stone 611 8,946 8, 100 7,043 10.4 15.0 Union 1,048 30,723 22, 495 14,977 36.6 50.2 Van Buren 730 13,509 11,220 8,567 20.4 31.0 Washington 955 33,889 34,256 32,024 -1.1 7.0 White 1,037 28,574 24,864 22,946 14.9 8.4 Woodruff 577 20,049 16,304 14,009 23.0 16.4 Yell 955 26,323 22,750 18,015 15.7 26.3 CALIFORNIA.... 155,652 2,377,649 1,485,053 21,213,398 60.1 22.4 Alameda 732 246, 131 130, 197 93,864 89.0 38.7 Alpine 776 309 509 667 -39.3 -23.7 Amador 601 9,086 11,116 10,320 -18.3 7.7 Butte 1,722 27, 301 17,117 17,939 59.5 -4.6 Calaveras 1,027 9,171 11,200 8,882 -18.1 26.1 Colusa' 1,140 7,732 7,364 14,640 5.0 -49.7 Contra Costa 714 31,674 18,046 13,515 75.5 33.5 Del Norte 1,024 2,417 2,408 2,592 0.4 -7.1 Eldorado 1,753 7,492 8,986 9,232 -16.6 -2.7 Fresno' Glenn' 5,950 1,259 3,634 4,089 10,019 75,657 7,172 33,857 13,591 6,974 37,862 5, 150 27, 104 32, 026 99.8 39.3 24.9 18.2 Humboldt Imperial ' 23,469 3 10.8 Inyo 4,377 3,544 9,808 59.3 23.5 Kem Kings' 8,003 1,159 1,278 37, 715 16,230 5,526 16,480 9,871 6,017 128.9 64.4 -8.2 68.0 Lake 7,101 -15.3 Lassen 4,531 4,802 4,511 4, 239 6.5 6.4 Los Angeles Madera' 4,067 2,112 529 504, 131 8,368 25,114 170,298 6,364 15, 702 101, 454 196.0 31.5 59.9 67.9 Marin 13,072 20.1 Mariposa 1,463 3,958 4,720 3,787 -16.2 24.6 Mendocino 3,453 63,929 20,465 17,612 16.9 3 12.8 Merced 1,995 15, 148 9,215 8,085 64.4 14.0 Modoc 3,823 6, 191 5,076 4,986 22.0 1.8 Mono 3,030 2,042 2, 167 2,002 -5.8 8.2 Monterey 3,330 24,146 19,380 18,637 24.6 4.0 Napa 783 19,800 16, 451 16,411 20.4 0.2 Nevada 974 14,955 17, 789 17,369 -15.9 2.4 Orange 795 34,436 19,696 13,589 74.8 44.9 Placer 1,395 18,237 15, 786 15, 101 15.5 4.5 Plumas Riverside' 2,594 7,240 983 5,259 34, 696 67,806 4,657 17,897 45,915 4,933 12.9 93.9 47.7 -5.6 Sacramento 40,339 13.8 San Benito 1,392 8,041 6, 633 6,412 21.2 3.4 San Bernardino' 20,157 56,706 27, 929 25, 497 103.0 9.5 San Diego' 4,221 61,665 35,090 34,987 75.7 3 -2.0 San Francisco 43 416,912 342,782 298,997 21.6 14.6 San Joaquin 1,448 50,731 35, 452 28,629 43.1 23.8 San Luis Obispo 3,334 19,383 16,637 16,072 16.5 3.5 San Mateo 447 26,585 12,094 10,087 119.8 19.9 Santa Barbara 2,740 27,738 18,934 15,754 46.5 20.2 Santa Clara 1,328 83, .5.39 60, 216 48,005 38.7 25.4 Santa Cruz 435 26, 140 21,512 19,270 21.5 11.6 Shasta 3,858 18,920 17,318 12, 133 9.3 42.7 Sierra 923 4,098 4,017 5,051 2.0 -20.5 Siskiyou 6,256 18,801 16,962 12, 163 10.8 39.5 Solano 822 27,559 24, 143 20,946 14. 1 15.3 Sonoma 1,577 48,394 38,480 32, 721 25.8 17.6 Stanislaus 1,450 22,522 9,550 10,040 135.8 -4.9 Sutter 608 6,328 5,886 5,469 7.5 7.6 Tehama 2,893 11,401 10,996 9,916 3.7 10.9 Trinity 3,166 3,301 4,383 3,719 -24.7 17.9 Tulare' 4,856 35,440 18,375 24,574 92.9 3-25.8 Tuolumne 2,190 9,979 11, 166 6,082 -10.6 83.6 Ventura 1,878 18,347 14,367 10,071 27.7 42.7 Yolo 1,014 13,926 13,618 12,684 2.3 7.4 Yuba 639 10,042 8,620 9,636 16.5 -10.5 COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER cj:nt of INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1!«M)- 1910 1890- 1900 COLORADO 103,658 799,024 639,700 • 413,249 48.0 30.6 Adams' 1,262 8,892 Arapahoe' 842 10,263 153,017 132, 135 -93. 3 . 15.8 Archuleta 1,220 3,302 2,117 826 56.0 3 144.2 Baca 2,552 2,516 759 1,479 231.5 -48.7 Bent 1,524 5,043 3,049 1,313 65.4 132.2 Boulder 764 30,330 21,544 14,082 40.8 53.0 Chaffee' 1,083 7,622 7,085 6,612 7.6 7.2 Cheyenne 1,777 3,687 501 534 635.9 -6.2 Clear Creek 390 5,001 7,082 7,184 -29.4 -1.4 Conejos 1,393 11,285 8,794 7,193 28.3 22.3 Costilla 1,771 5,498 4,632 3,491 18.7 32.7 Custer 747 1,947 2,937 2,970 -33.7 -1.1 Delta 1,201 13,688 5,487 2,534 149.5 116.5 Denver* 58 213,381 Dolores 1,043 '642 1, 134 1,498 -43.4 -24.3 Douglas 845 3,192 3,120 3,006 2.3 3.8 Eagle 1,620 2,985 3,008 3,725 -0.8 -19.2 El Paso' 2,121 43,321 31,602 21,239 37. 1 48.8 Elbert 1,857 5, 331 3,101 1,856 71.9 67.1 Fremont' 1,557 18, 181 15,636 9, 156 16.3 70.8 Garfield 3, 107 10, 144 5,835 4,478 73.8 30.3 Gilpin 132 4, 131 6,690 5,867 -38.3 14.0 Grand 1,866 1,862 741 604 151.3 22.7 Gunnison 3,179 5,897 5,331 4,359 10.6 22.3 Hinsdale' 971 646 1,609 862 -59.9 86.7 Huerfano 1,500 13,320 8,395 6,882 58.7 22.0 Jackson* 1,632 1,013 Jefferson' '838 14,231 9,306 8,450 52.9 10.1 Kiowa 1,798 2,899 701 1,243 313.6 -43.8 Kit Carson 2,159 7,483 1,580 2,472 373.6 -36.1 La Plata 1,851 10,812 7,016 5,509 54.1 3 18.5 Lake 371 10,600 18,054 14,663 -41.3 23.1 Larimer' 2,629 25,270 12,168 9,712 107.7 25.3 Las Animas 4,809 33,643 21,842 17,208 54.0 26.9 Lincoln 2,570 5,917 926 689 539.0 34.4 Logan 1,822 9,549 3,292 3,070 190.1 7.2 Mesa 3, 163 22, 197 9,267 4,260 139.5 117.5 866 1,239 1,913 —35.2 Montezimia 2,051 5.029 3,058 1,529 64.5 3 63.4 Montrose 2,264 10,291 4,535 3,980 126.9 13.9 Morgan 1,286 9,577 3,268 1,601 193.1 104.1 Otero 2,067 20,201 11,522 4,192 75.3 174.9 Ouray 519 3,514 4,731 6,510 -25.7 -27.3 Park' 2,212 2,492 2,998 3,548 -16.9 -15.5 Phillips 688 3, 179 1,583 2,642 100.8 -40.1 Pitkin 1,019 4,566 7,020 8,929 -35.0 -21.4 Prowers 1,630 9,520 3,766 1,969 152.8 91.3 Pueblo 2,433 52,223 34, 448 31,491 51.6 9.4 Rio Blanco 3,223 2,332 1,690 1,200 38.0 40.8 Rio Grande' 898 6,563 4,080 3,451 60.9 18.2 Routt 6,967 7,561 3,661 2,369 106.5 54.5 Saguache' 3,133 4, 160 3,853 3,313 8.0 16.3 San Juan 453 3,063 2,342 1,572 30.8 49.0 San Miguel 1,288 4,700 5,379 2,909 -12.6 84.9 Sedgwick 531 3,061 971 1,293 215.2 -24.9 Summit 649 2,003 2,744 1,906 -27.0 44.0 Teller* 547 14,351 29,002 —50.5 Washington' 2,521 6,002 i;24i 2,301 383.6 -46.1 Weld 4,022 39, 177 16, 808 11,736 133. 1 43.2 Yuma* 2,367 8,499 1,729 2,596 391.6 -33.4 CONNECTICUT 4,820 1,114,756 908,420 746,268 22.7 21.7 Fairfield 631 245, 322 184,203 150, 081 33.2 22.7 Hartford 729 250, 182 195, 480 147,180 28.0 32.8 Litchfield 925 70,260 63,672 53,542 10.3 18.9 Middlesex 369 45,637 41,760 39, 524 9.3 5.7 New Haven 603 337,282 269, 163 209,058 25.3 28.8 New London 659 91,2.53 82,758 76,634 10.3 8.0 Tolland 404 26, 459 24, 523 25,081 7.9 -2.2 Windham 500 48,361 46,861 45, 158 3.2 3.8 DELAWARE.... 1,965 203,323 184,736 168,493 9.6 9.6 Kent 617 32, 721 32, 762 32,664 -0.1 0.3 Newcastle 435 123, 188 109, 697 97, 182 12.3 12.9 Sussex 913 46, 413 42,276 38,647 9.8 9.4 DIST.COLUMBIA. 60 331,069 278,718 230,392 18.8 21.0 Districtof Columbia 60 331,069 278, 718 230,392 18.8 21.0 ‘ For changes In boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (5,268) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 72497°— 13 3 3 See headnote to table, page 32. * State total includes population (1,051) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 34 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. FLORIDA Alachua Baker Bradford Brevard' Calhoun Citrus Clay Columbia Dade' De Soto Duval Escambia Franklin Gadsden Hamilton Hernando Hillsboro Holmes Jackson Jeiierson Lafayette Lake Lee Leon Levy Liberty Madison Manatee Marion Monroe Nassau Orange Osceola Palm Beach'. Pasco ' Polk' Putnam St. John St. Lucie' Santa Rosa. . Sumter Suwanee Taylor Volusia Wakulla Walton Washington.. GEORGIA . Appling' Baker Baldwin Banks Bartow Ben Hill ' Berrien ' Bibb Brooks Bryan Bulloch '■. Burke' Butts Calhoun Camden Campbell Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke' Clay Clayton ' Clinch C^bb Coffee' Colquitt Land area in square miles; lillU POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 64,861 752,619 628,642 391,4[22 42.4 35.0 GEORGIA— Con. 1,262 34,305 32,245 22,934 6.4 40.6 Columbia 350 12,328 10,653 11,281 15.7 -5.6 587 4,805 4,516 3,333 6.4 35.5 Coweta 470 - 28,800 24,980 22,354 15.3 11.7 539 14,090 10,295 7,510 36.9 37.0 Crawford 319 8,310 10,368 9,315 -19.8 11.3 1 025 4,717 5, 158 3,401 -8.5 51.7 277 16, 423 1,192 7,465 5,132 1,681 45.5 205.3 Dade 186 i, 139 4,578 5,707 -9.6 -19.8 G20 6,731 5,391 2,394 24.9 125.2 Dawson 216 4,686 5,442 5,612 -13.9 -3.0 617 6,116 5,635 5,154 8.5 9.3 Decatur' 823 29,045 29,454 19,949 -1.4 47.6 792 17, 689 17,094 12,877 3.5 32.7 Dekalb 272 27,881 21,112 17, 189 32.1 22.8 2, 733 11,933 4,955 861 140.8 475.5 Dodge 431 20, 127 13,975 11,452 44.0 22.0 3 ; 754 14,200 8,047 4,944 76.5 62.8 Dooly' 397 20,554 26,567 18, 146 -22.6 46.4 786 75, 163 39, 733 20,800 89.2 48.3 Dougherty 342 16,0a5 13,679 12,206 17.2 12.1 057 38, 029 28,313 20, 188 34.3 40.2 Douglas 208 8,953 8,745 7,794 2.4 12.2 541 5, 201 4,890 3,308 6.4 47.8 Early 524 18,122 14,828 9,792 22.2 51.4 540 22, 198 15,294 11,894 45. 1 28.0 Echols 362 3,309 3,209 3,079 3.1 4.2 528 11,825 11,881 8,507 -0.5 39.7 Effingham 448 9,971 8, 334 5,599 19.6 48.8 497 4,997 3,638 2,476 37.4 46.9 Elbert 361 24,125 19, 729 15,376 22.3 28.3 1,329 78,374 36,013 14,941 117.6 141.0 Emanuel ' 935 25,140 21, 279 14, 703 18.1 44.7 '458 11,557 7,762 4,336 48.9 79.0 Fannin 401 12,574 11,214 8,724 12.1 28.5 965 29, 821 23,377 17,. 544 27.6 33.2 Fayette 234 10, 966 10,114 8,728 8.4 15.9 5S5 ■ 17,210 16, 195 15,757 6.3 2.8 Floyd 502 36,736 33, 113 28,391 10.9 16.6 1,244 6,710 4,987 3,686 34.5 35.3 Forsyth 247 11,940 11,550 11,155 3.4 3.5 1,047 9,509 7,467 8,034 27.3 -7.1 Franklin ' 279 17, 894 17,700 14,670 1.1 20.7 4,031 6,294 3.071 1.414 104.9 117.2 Fulton' 183 177,733 117,363 84,655 51.4 38.6 '715 19,427 19,887 17.752 -2.3 12.0 Gilmer 440 9,237 10, 198 9,074 -9.4 12.4 1,143 10,361 8,603 6,586 20. 4 30.6 Glascock 170 4,669 4,516 3,720 3.4 21.4 823 4,700 2,956 1,452 59.0 103.6 Glynn 439 15,720 14,317 13,420 9.8 6.7 719 16,919 15, 446 14,316 9.5 7.9 Gordon 375 15,861 14, 119 12, 758 12.3 10.7 9, 550 4,663 2,895 104.8 61. 1 444 18, 457 1,647 26,941 24, 403 20,796 10.4 17.3 Greene 416 18:512 16,542 17,051 11.9 -3.0 1,100 21,563 18,006 18, 786 19.8 -4.2 Gwinnett 491 28,824 25,585 19,899 12.7 28.6 630 10,525 9,654 8, 294 9.0 16.4 Habersham ' 290 10, 134 13,604 11,573 -25.5 17.5 1,250 19, 107 11,374 12, 584 68.0 -9.6 Hall 437 25,730 20,752 18,047 24.0 15.0 1,773 5,507 3,444 3, 133 59.9 9.9 Hancock 530 19, 189 18,277 17, 149 5.0 6.6 5,577 284 13,514 11,922 11,316 13.4 5.4 767 7,502 6,054 4, 249 23.9 42.5 Harris 501 17,886 18,009 16,797 -0.7 7.2 1,907 24,148 12,472 7,905 93.6 57.8 Hart 261 16,216 14, 492 10,887 11.9 33.1 752 13,096 11,641 11,186 12.5 4. 1 Heard 258 11,189 11.177 9,557 0.1 17.0 966 13, 208 9,165 8,712 44.1 5.2 Henry 324 19,927 18,602 16,220 7.1 14.7 4,075 .S8.*S 23,609 22, 641 21,613 4.3 4.8 Irwin ' 378 10 ; 401 13,645 6;316 -23.3 116.0 1,546 14,897 10, 293 7,961 44.7 29.3 583 6,696 6, 187 5,363 8.2 15.4 Jackson 433 30, 169 24,039 19. 176 25.5 25.4 692 18, 603 14,554 10,524 27.8 38.3 Jasper 321 16, 552 15,033 13,879 10.1 8.3 7, 103 3,999 2,122 77.6 88.6 6,050 Jefferson 720 21,379 18,212 17,213 17.4 5.8 16 510 10 003 8 4fi7 05. 1 18. 1 342 11,520 602 4,802 5,149 3,117 - 6.7 65.2 1,382 10, 400 9,346 4,816 76.1 94. 1 Johnson 292 12,897 11,409 6,129 13.0 86.1 1,435 16, 403 10, 154 6,426 61.5 68.0 Jones 377 13,103 13,358 12, 709 -1.9 5. 1 Laurens 806 35,501 25,908 13,747 37.0 88. 5 Lee 326 11,679 10,344 9,074 12.9 14.0 58,725 2,609,121 2,216,331 1,837,353 17.7 20.6 Liberty 936 12,924 13,093 12,887 -1.3 1.6 604 12,318 12,336 8,676 -0. 1 42.2 Lincoln 291 8,714 7,156 6,146 21.8 16.4 357 7, 973 6, 704 6,144 18.9 9.1 Lowndes 482 24,436 20,036 15,102 22.0 32.7 307 18, 354 17,768 14,608 3.3 21.6 Lumpkin 280 5,444 7,433 6,867 —26.8 8.2 222 11,244 10, 545 8,562 6.6 23.2 McDuffie 287 10,325 9,804 8,789 5. 3 11.5 471 25,388 20,823 20,616 21.9 1.0 McIntosh 470 6,442 6,537 6, 470 —1. 5 1.0 11,863 Macon 369 16,016 14,093 13, 183 6.5 6.9 735 22 ', 772 19,440 10, 694 17.1 81.8 Madison 284 16,851 13,224 11,024 27.4 20.0 277 56,646 50, 473 42, 370 12.2 19.1 Marion 360 9,147 10, 080 7,728 - 9.3 30.4 514 23,832 18, 606 13,979 28.1 33. 1 Meriwether 490 25, 180 23, 339 20. 740 7.9 12.5 431 6, 702 6,122 5, 520 9.5 10.9 Miller 253 7,986 6,319 4,275 26.4 47.8 887 26,464 21,377 13, 712 23.8 55.9 Milton 145 7,239 6, 763 6,208 7.0 8.9 956 27,268 30, 165 28,501 -9.6 5.8 Mitchell 548 22,114 14, 767 10, 906 49.8 35 . 4 203 13, 624 12,805 10, 565 6.4 21.2 Monroe 584 20, 450 20, 082 19,137 — 1. 1 8.1 284 11,3.34 9,274 8, 438 22.2 9.9 Montgomery ' 591 19,638 16, 359 9,248 20.0 76.9 711 7,690 7,669 6,178 0.3 24.1 Morgan 390 19,717 15,813 16,041 24.7 —1.4 213 10,874 9,518 9,115 14.2 4.4 Murray 342 9,763 8,623 8, 461 13.2 1.9 492 30, 855 26,576 22, 301 16.1 19.2 Muscogee 235 30, 227 29, 836 27, 761 21.4 7. 5 169 7,184 5,823 5,431 23.4 7.2 Newton 262 18,449 16, 734 14,310 10.2 16.9 905 4,722 3, 592 3, 335 31.5 7.7 Oconee 172 11,104 8, 602 7,713 29.1 11.5 370 79, 690 71,239 57, 740 11.9 23.4 Oglethorpe ' 504 18,680 17,881 10,951 4.5 5.5 218 5,586 5,790 4,902 -3.5 18. 1 Paulding 324 14,124 12,969 11,948 8.9 8.5 328 13,608 12,952 11,202 5. 1 15.6 Pickens 231 9,041 8,641 8,182 4. 0 5. U 429 16, 661 15,243 15,412 9.3 -1. 1 Pierce 605 10,749 8,100 0,379 32.7 27.0 114 23, 273 17, 708 15, 180 31. 4 16.0 Pike 307 19, 496 18,761 16,300 3.9 15. 1 203 8,960 8,568 7,817 4.0 9.6 Polk 317 20,203 17,856 14,945 13. 1 19.5 142 10, 453 9,598 8,295 8.9 15.7 Pulaski 463 22,835 18,489 10, f)59 23.5 11.7 961 8,424 8', 732 (i, 652 -3.5 31.3 I’utnam ,361 13,870 13, 436 14,842 tl. (j —9.5 3,53 28, 397 24,664 22, 280 15. 1 10. 7 Quitman 144 4,594 4,701 4 , 471 —2.3 5. 1 901 21,953 16, 169 10,483 35.8 54.2 Rabun 377 6,562 6,285 5,000 —11. 5 i 1 629 19,789 13,036 4,794 45.1 184.4 liaiidolpli 412 18,841 16,847 15,207 11.8 10.3 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 63. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 35 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN TUE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 GEORGIA— Con. Richmond 319 58, 886 53,735 45,194 9.6 18.9 Rockdale 119 8,916 7,515 6,813 18.6 10.3 Schley 154 5,213 5.499 5,443 - 5.2 1.0 Screven > 794 20,202 19.252 14,424 4.9 33.5 Spalding 209 19,741 17,619 13,117 12.0 34.3 166 9,728 Stewart 411 13, 437 15,856 15,682 - 15.3 1.1 Sumter 456 29,092 26,212 22, 107 11.0 18.6 Talbot 312 11,696 12, 197 13,258 - 4.1 - 8.0 Taliaferro 212 8,766 7,912 7,291 10.8 8.5 Tattnall ' 642 18,569 20, 419 10,253 - 9.1 99.2 340 10, 839 9,846 8,666 10 1 13.6 Telfair 373 13; 288 10; 083 5 ', 477 31.8 84.1 Terrell 322 22,003 19,023 14, 503 15.7 31.2 Thomas' 530 29,071 31,076 26, 154 - 6.5 18.8 Tift' 243 11,487 Toombs 1 393 11,206 Towns 181 3,932 4,748 4,064 - 17.2 16.8 Troup 435 26,228 24,002 20, 723 9.3 15.8 Turner * 231 10,075 Twiggs 314 10, 736 8, 716 8,195 23.2 6.4 Union 324 6,918 8,481 7,749 - 18.4 9.4 Upson 317 12, 757 13,670 12,188 - 6.7 12.2 Walker 432 18,692 15,661 13,282 19.4 17.9 Walton 370 25,393 20,942 17,467 21.3 19.9 Ware 804 22,957 13, 761 8,811 66.8 56.2 Warren 404 11,860 11,463 10, 957 3.5 4.6 Washington 669 28, 174 28,227 25,237 - 0.2 11.8 Wayne 764 13,069 9,449 7,485 38.3 26.2 Webster 302 6,151 6,618 5,695 - 7.1 16.2 White 245 5,110 5,912 6, 151 - 13.6 - 3.9 Whitfield 283 15,934 14,509 12,916 9.8 12.3 Wilcox' 403 13,486 11,097 7,980 21.5 39.1 Wilkes 458 23,441 20,866 18.081 12.3 15.4 Wilkinson 472 10,078 11,440 10, 781 - 11.9 6.1 Worth' 651 19,147 18,664 10,048 2.6 85.7 IDAHO ^83,354 325,594 161,772 3 88,548 101.3 82.7 Ada' 1,136 29,088 11,559 8,368 151.6 38.1 Bannock' 3, 17Q 19,242 11,702 64 4 Bear Lake '942 7, 729 7,051 6,057 9.6 16.4 Bingham' 4,116 23,306 10,447 13,575 123.1 * - 30. 0 Blaine ' 6,120 8,387 4,900 71. 2 Boise 3,469 5,250 4, 174 3,342 25.8 24.9 Boimer' 3,129 13,588 Canyon' 1,283 25,323 7,497 237. 8 Cassia' 2,611 7, 197 3,951 3,143 82.2 25.7 Custer 4,589 3,001 2,049 2, 176 46.5 — 5.8 Elmore 2,665 4,785 2,286 1,870 109.3 22.2 Fremont ' 6,006 24,606 12, 821 91.9 Idaho ii ; oi2 12, 384 9, 121 2,955 35.8 208.7 Kootenai' 2,043 22, 747 10,216 4,108 122.7 ‘ 130. 4 Latah 1,128 18,818 13,451 9,173 39.9 46.6 Lemhi' 4,867 4,786 3,446 1,915 38.9 < 54.6 Lincoln ' 3,283 12, 676 1,784 610. 5 Nez Perce' 3 ; 844 24,860 13,748 2,847 80.8 382.9 Oneida 2,655 15, 170 8,933 6,819 69.8 31.0 Owyhee 7,888 4,044 3,804 2,021 6.3 88.2 Shoshone' 2,579 13,963 11,950 5,382 16.8 122.0 Twin Falls' 1,888 13,543 Washington 2,871 11,101 6, 882 3,836 61.3 79.4 ILLINOIS 56,043 5,638,591 4,881,550 33,826,352 16.9 26.0 Adams 842 64,588 67,058 61,888 - 3.7 8.4 Alexander 226 22,741 19,384 16,563 17.3 17.0 Bond 388 17,075 16,078 14,550 6.2 10.5 Boone 293 15,481 15,791 12,203 - 2.0 29.4 Brown 297 10,397 11,557 11,951 - 10.0 -3 3 ■ For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. “ Includes land area (51 square miies) of that part of Yeilowstone National Park in Idaho. No population reported. * State total includes population (4,163) of Indian reservations specially enumer- ated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also, population (6,798) of Alturas and Logan Counties, taken to form Blaine and Lincoln Counties in 1895. COUNTY . Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION PER CENT OF INCREASE . 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 ILLINOIS— Con. Bureau 881 43, 975 41,112 35,014 7.0 17.4 Calhoun 256 8, 610 8,917 7, 052 - 3.4 16.5 Carroll 453 18,035 18,963 18, 320 - 4.9 3.5 Cass -.371 17,372 17,222 15, 963 0.9 7.9 Champaign 1,043 51,829 47,622 42, 159 8.8 13.0 Christian 700 34 , .594 32, 790 30,531 5.5 7.4 Clark 493 23,517 24,033 21,899 - 2.1 9.7 Clay 462 18,661 19, 553 16, 772 - 4.6 10.6 Clinton 483 22,832 19, 824 17,411 15.2 13.9 Coles 525 34,517 34, 146 30,093 1.1 13.5 Cook 933 2 , 405, 233 1 , 838, 735 1 , 191,922 30.8 54.3 Crawford 453 26, 281 19, 240 17,283 36.6 11.3 Cumberland 353 14,281 16,124 15, 443 - 11.4 4.4 Dekalb 638 33, 457 31,756 27,066 5.4 17.3 Dewitt 415 18,906 18,972 17,011 - 0.3 11.5 Douglas 417 19 , .591 19,097 17, 669 2.6 8.1 Dupage 345 33,432 28, 196 22,551 18.6 25.0 Edgar 621 27,336 28,273 26,787 - 3.3 5.5 Edwards 238 10,049 10, 345 9,444 - 2.9 9.5 Effingham 511 20,055 20,465 19,358 -2.0 5.7 Fayette 729 28,075 28,065 23,367 («) 20.1 Ford 500 17,096 18,359 17,035 - 6.9 7.8 Franklin 445 25, 943 19,675 17,138 31.9 14.8 Fulton 884 49,549 46,201 43 , no 7.2 7.2 Gallatin 338 14,628 15,836 14,935 - 7.6 6.0 Greene 515 22,363 23,402 23,791 - 4.4 -1.6 Grundy 433 24, 162 24, 136 21,024 0.1 14.8 Hamilton 455 18, 227 20, 197 17,800 - 9.8 13.5 Hancock ' 780 30, 638 32,215 31,907 - 4.9 1.0 Hardin 185 7,015 7, 448 7,234 - 5.8 3.0 Henderson 376 9,724 10,836 9,876 - 10.3 9.7 Henry 824 41,736 40, 049 33,338 4.2 20.1 Iroquois 1,121 35,543 38,014 35, 167 - 6.5 8.1 Jackson 588 3 . 5, 143 33,871 27,809 3.8 21.8 Jasper 508 18,157 20, 160 18,188 - 9.9 10.8 Jefferson 603 29,111 28,133 22,590 3.5 24.5 Jersey 367 13,954 14,612 14,810 - 4.5 - 1.3 Jo Daviess 023 22,657 24,533 25, 101 - 7.6 - 2.3 Johnson 348 14,331 15,667 15,013 - 8.5 4.4 Kane 527 91,862 78, 792 65,061 16.6 21.1 Kankakee 668 40,752 37,154 28,732 9.7 29.3 Kendall 324 10, 777 11,467 12, 106 -6.0 - 5.3 Knox 711 46, 159 43, 612 38, 752 5.8 12,5 La Salle 1,146 90, 132 87, 776 80,798 2.7 8.6 Lake 455 55,058 34,504 24, 235 59.6 42.4 Lawrence 358 22,661 16,523 14,693 37.1 12.5 Lee 742 27, 750 29,894 26,187 - 7.2 14.2 Livingston 1.043 40, 465 42, 035 38, 455 - 3.7 9.3 Logan 617 30,216 28, 680 25, 489 5.4 12.5 McDonough 588 26,887 28,412 27, 467 - 5.4 3.4 McHenry 620 32,509 29,759 26,114 9.2 14.0 McLean 1,191 68,008 67,843 63,036 0.2 7.6 Macon 585 54, 186 44,003 38,083 23. 1 15.5 Macoupin 860 50,685 42,256 40,380 19.9 4.6 Madison 737 89,847 64,694 51, 535 38.9 25.5 Marion ^9 35,094 30,440 24,341 15.3 25.1 Marshall 396 15,679 10,370 13,653 - 4.2 19.9 Mason 555 17,377 17,491 16, 067 - 0.7 8.9 Massac 240 14.200 13,110 11,313 8.3 15.9 Menard 317 12,796 14,336 13,120 - 10.7 9.3 Mercer 540 19,723 20,945 18,545 - 5.8 12.9 Monroe 389 1 : 1, 508 13,847 12,948 - 2.4 6.9 Montgomery 089 35,311 30,836 30,003 14.5 2.8 Morgan 576 34, 420 35,006 32,636 - 1.7 7.3 Moultrie 338 14,630 15, 224 14,481 - 3.9 5.1 Ogle 756 27,864 29, 129 28,710 - 4.3 1.5 Peoria 636 100, 255 88,608 70,378 13.1 25.9 Perry 451 22,088 19,830 17,529 11.4 13.1 Piatt 451 16,376 17, 706 17, 062 - 7.5 3.8 Pike 786 28,622 31, 595 31,000 - 9.4 1.9 Pope 385 11,215 13,585 14,016 - 17.4 - 3.1 Pulaski 190 15, 650 14, 554 11,355 7.5 28.2 Putnam 173 7,561 4,740 4,730 59.3 0.3 Randolph .587 29,120 28,001 25, 049 4.0 11.8 Richlaiid 357 15,970 16,391 15,019 - 2.6 9.1 ‘ See hcadnote to table, page 32. 6 State total includes population (1) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. ( « Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3G ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910 1900 AND 1890 — Continued. ’ [I’or cent not shown where base is less than 100. A. minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] COUNTY. Land area in POPULATION. INCP.EASE. SQUiiri' miles: 1910 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- lilOO ILLINOIS— Con. Kook Island 424 70, 404 55,249 41,917 27.4 31.8 St. Clair C(i3 119,870 86, 685 66, 571 38.3 30.2 Saline ;i99 30,204 21,085 19,342 39.3 12.1 Sangamon 87G 91,024 71,593 61,195 27.1 17.0 Schuyler 4.12 14,852 16, 129 16,013 -7.9 0.7 Scott 249 10,067 10,455 10,304 -3.7 1.5 Shelby 772 31,693 32, 126 31,191 -1.3 3.0 Stark 290 10,098 10, 186 9,982 -0.9 2.0 Steplienson 559 36, 821 34,933 31,338 5.4 11.5 Tazewell G47 34, 027 33, 221 29,556 2.4 12.4 Union 403 21,856 22,610 21,549 -3.3 4.9 Vermilion 921 77, 996 65, 035 49,905 18.8 31.5 Wabash 220 14,913 12,583 11.866 18.5 6.0 Warren 54G 23,313 23, 163 21,281 0.6 8.8 Washington 561 18, 759 19, 526 19, 262 -3.9 1.4 W ayne 733 25, 697 27,626 23,806 -7.0 16.0 White 507 23,052 25,386 25,005 -9.2 1.5 Whiteside 679 34,507 34,710 30,854 -0.6 12.5 Will 844 84,371 74,764 62,007 12.8 20.6 Williamson 449 45, 098 27,796 22, 226 62.2 25. 1 Winnebago 529 63,153 47,845 39, 938 32.0 19.8 Woodlord 528 20, 506 21,822 21,429 -6.0 1.8 INDIANA 36,045 2,700,876 2,516,462 2,192,404 7.3 14.8 Adams 337 21,840 22,232 20, 181 -1.8 10.2 Allen 661 93,386 77,270 66,689 20.9 15.9 Bartholomew 407 24,813 24,594 23,867 0.9 3.0 Benton 408 12,688 13, 123 11,903 -3.3 10.2 Blackford 108 15,820 17,213 10,461 -8.1 64.5 Boone 427 24,673 26,321 26,572 -6.3 -0.9 Brown 324 7,975 9,727 10,308 -18.0 -5.6 Carroll 377 17,970 19,953 20,021 -9.9 -0.3 Cass 416 36,368 34,545 31,152 5.3 10.9 Clark 375 30,260 31,835 30,259 -4.9 5.2 Clay 361 32,5.35 34, 285 30, .536 -5.1 12.3 Clinton 408 26,674 28, 202 27,370 -5.4 3.0 Crawford 303 12,057 13,476 13,941 -10.5 -3.3 Daviess 433 27, 747 29,914 26,227 -7.2 14.1 Dearborn 313 21,396 22, 194 23,364 -3.6 -5.0 Decatur 378 18,793 19,518 19, 277 -3.7 1.3 Dekalb 370 25,054 25,711 24,307 -2.6 5.8 Delaware 392 51,414 49,624 30, 131 3.6 64.7 Dubois 427 19,843 20,357 20,253 -2.5 0.5 Elkhart 462 49,008 45,052 39,201 8.8 14.9 Fayette 216 14,415 13, 495 12, 630 6.8 6.8 Floyd 148 30,293 30,118 29,458 0.6 2.2 Fountain 395 20,439 21,446 19,558 -4.7 9.7 Franklin 394 15,335 16,388 18,366 -6.4 -10.8 Fulton 367 16,879 17, 453 16, 746 -3.3 4.2 Gibson 486 30, 137 30,099 24,920 0.1 20.8 Grant 423 51,426 54,693 31,493 -6.0 73.7 Greene 543 36,873 28, 530 24,379 29.2 17.0 Hamilton 399 27,026 29,914 26,123 -9.7 14.5 Hancock 307 19,030 19, 189 17,829 -0.8 7.6 Harrison 486 20,232 21,702 20, 786 -6.8 4.4 Hendricks 408 20,840 21,292 21,498 -2. 1 -1.0 Henry 397 29, 758 25,088 23,879 18.6 5.1 Howard 297 33, 177 28,575 26, 186 16.1 9.1 Huntington 386 28, 982 28, 901 27,644 0.3 4.5 Jaok.son 518 24,727 26,633 24,139 -7.2 10.3 Jasper 562 13,044 14,292 11, 1&5 -8.7 27.8 Jay 375 24, 961 26,818 23,478 -6.9 14.2 Jefferson 364 20,483 22,913 24,507 -10.6 -6.5 Jennings 383 14,203 15, 757 14,608 -9.9 7.9 Johnson 322 20,394 20, 223 19,561 0.8 3.4 Knox 510 39, 183 32, 746 28,044 19.7 16.8 Kosciusko 541 27,9.36 29, 109 28,645 -4.0 1.6 Lagrange 387 15 148 15, 284 15,615 -0.9 -2. 1 Lake 492 82,864 37, 892 23,886 118.7 58.6 Laporte 595 45,797 38,386 34,445 19.3 11,4 Lawrence 4.56 30,625 25,729 19,792 19,0 30.0 Madison 4.50 65,224 70, 470 36, 487 -7.4 93. 1 Marion 397 263,661 197, 227 141, 1.56 33.7 39.7 Marsliall 441 24, 175 2.5, 119 23,818 -3.8 6.5 Martin 339 12,9.50 14,711 13,973 -12.0 6.3 Miami 381 29, 350 28,344 25,823 3.5 9.8 Monroe 416 23,426 20,873 17,673 12.2 18. 1 Montgomery 501 29, 296 29,. 388 28,025 -0.3 4, 9 Morgan 406 21, 182 20, 457 18,643 3.5 9. 7 Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE . 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 INDIA.NA— Con. Newton 405 10,504 10,448 8,803 0.5 18.7 Noble 417 24,009 23,533 23,359 2.0 0.7 Ohio 85 4,329 4,724 4,955 - 8.4 -4.7 Orange 407 17, 192 16, 854 14,678 2.0 14.8 Owen 393 14,053 15, 149 15,040 - 7.2 0.7 Parke 447 22,214 23,000 20,296 - 3.4 i:i.3 Perry 384 18,078 18, 778 18, 240 - 3.7 2.9 Pike 338 19, 684 20, 486 18, 544 - 3.9 10.5 Porter 415 20,540 19, 175 18,052 7.1 6.2 Posey 402 21, 670 22, 333 21,529 - 3.0 3.7 Puiaski 432 13,312 14 , 0.33 11,233 - 5.1 24.9 Putnam 483 20,520 21,478 22, 335 - 4.5 -3.8 Randolph 447 29,013 28, 653 28,085 1.3 2.0 Ripley 448 19,452 19,881 19,350 - 2.2 2.7 Rush 409 19, 349 20, 148 19,034 - 4.0 5.9 St. Joseph 460 84,312 58,881 42, 457 43.2 38.7 Scott 190 8,323 8,307 7,833 0.2 6.1 Shelby 407 26, 802 26, 491 25, 454 1.2 4.1 Spencer 403 20,676 22,407 22,060 - 7.7 1.6 Starke 305 10,567 10,431 7,339 1.3 42.1 Steuben 305 14, 274 15,219 14, 478 - 6.2 5.1 Sullivan 460 32, 439 26.005 21,877 24.7 18.9 Switzerland 222 9,914 11,840 12,514 - 16.3 -5.4 Tippecanoe 503 40,063 38, 659 35,078 3.6 10.2 Tipton 260 17,459 19, 116 18, 157 - 8.7 5.3 Union 162 6,260 6,748 7,006 - 7.2 - 3.7 Vanderburg 233 77,438 71,769 59, 809 7.9 20.0 Vermilion 2.54 18,865 15,252 13. 154 23.7 15.9 Vigo 409 87,930 62,035 50, 195 41.7 23.6 Wabash 425 26,926 28, 235 27, 126 - 4.6 4.1 Warren 368 10, 899 11,371 10, 955 - 4.2 3.8 Warrick 392 21,911 22,329 21,161 - 1.9 5.5 Washington 519 17,445 19, 409 18, 619 - 10.1 4.2 Wayne 411 43,757 38,970 37, 628 12.3 3.6 Wells 365 22,418 23,449 21,514 - 4.4 9.0 White 507 17, 602 19, 138 15, 671 - 8.0 22.1 Whitley 338 16, 892 17,-328 17,768 - 2.5 -2.5 IOWA 65,586 2,224,771 2,231,853 ‘1,912,297 -0.3 16.7 Adair 573 14,420 16, 192 14,534 - 10.9 11.4 Adams 427 10, 998 13,601 12,292 - 19.1 10.6 Allamakee 639 17,328 18,711 17,907 - 7.4 4.5 Appanoose 513 28,701 25,927 18,961 10.7 36.7 Audubon 443 12,671 13, 626 12,412 - 7.0 9.8 Benton 712 23,156 25,177 24, 178 - 8.0 4.1 Blackhawk 565 44,865 32,399 24,219 38.5 33.8 Boone 569 27,626 28,200 23,772 - 2.0 18.6 Bremer 4:i4 15,843 16,305 14, 630 - 2.8 11.4 Buchanan 507 19,748 21,427 18,997 - 7.8 12.8 Buena Vista 571 15,981 16,975 13,548 - 5.9 25.3 Butler 577 17,119 17,955 15,463 - 4.7 16.1 Calhoim 568 17,090 18,569 13, 107 - 8.0 41.7 Carroll ,571 20,117 20,319 18,828 - 1.0 7.9 Cass 664 19,047 21,274 19,645 - 10.5 8.3 Cedar 570 17,765 19,371 18,253 - 8.3 6.1 Cerro Gordo 567 25,011 20, 672 14,864 21.0 39.1 Cherokee 673 16,741 16,570 15,659 1.0 5.8 Chickasaw 497 15,. 375 17,037 15,019 - 9.8 13.4 Clarke 428 10,736 12,440 11,332 - 13.7 9.8 Clay 663 12.766 13,401 9,309 - 4.7 44.0 Clayton 762 25,576 27,750 26,733 - 7.8 3.8 Clinton 691 45,394 43,832 41,199 3.6 6.4 Crawford 715 20,041 21,685 18, 894 - 7.6 14.8 Dailas 589 23,628 23,058 20,479 2.5 12.6 Davis 501 13,315 15,620 15 , 2.'’)8 - 14.8 2.4 Decatur 533 16, 347 18.115 15,643 - 9.8 15.8 Delaware 671 17,888 19,185 17,349 - 6.8 10.6 Des Moines 409 36, 145 35 , 9.89 35,324 0.4 1.9 Dickinson 376 . 8, 137 7,995 4,328 1.8 84.7 Dubuque 601 57,450 56, 403 49,848 1.9 13.1 Emmet 393 9,810 9 , 9.36 4,274 - 1.2 132.5 Fayette 724 27,919 29, 845 23,141 - 6.5 29.0 Floyd 495 17,119 17,754 15,424 - 3.6 15.1 Fra’nldin 678 14,780 14,996 12,871 - 1.4 16.5 Fremont 507 15,623 18,546 16,842 - 1 , 5.8 10.1 Greene 574 16,023 17, 820 15,797 - 10.1 12.8 G nindy 501 13,574 13 , 7.57 13,215 - 1.3 4.1 Guthrie 695 17, 374 18,729 17,380 - 7.2 7.8 Hamilton 570 19,242 19,514 15,319 - 1.4 27.4 > State total includes population (401) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 37 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown whero base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land area in POPULATION PER CENT OF INCREASE. nai 0 miles; 1010 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 lOWA-Con. Hancock 570 12, 731 13,752 7,621 -7.4 80.4 Hardin 569 20,921 22,794 19,003 -8.2 19.9 Harrison 691 23, 162 25,597 21,356 -9.5 19.9 Henry 427 18,640 20,022 18,895 -6.9 6.0 Howard 468 12,920 14,512 11, 182 -11.0 29.8 Humboldt 431 12, 182 12,667 9,836 -3.8 28.8 Ida 430 11,296 12,327 10,705 -8.4 15.2 Iowa 583 18,409 19,544 18,270 -5.8 7.0 Jackson 632 21,258 23,615 22,771 -10.0 3.7 Jasper 730 27,034 26,976 24,943 0.2 8.2 Jefferson 431 15,951 17,437 15,184 -8.5 14.8 Johnson 610 25,914 24,817 23,082 4.4 7.5 Jones 569 19,050 21,954 20,233 -13.2 8.5 Keokuk 578 21,160 24,979 23,862 -15.3 4.7 Kossuth 973 21,971 22,720 13, 120 -3.3 73.2 Lee 511 36,702 39,719 37,715 -7.6 5.3 Liim 709 60,720 55,392 45,303 9.6 22.3 Louisa 396 12,855 13,516 11,873 -4.9 13.8 Lucas 432 13, 462 16,126 14,563 -16.5 10.7 Lyon 582 14, 624 13,165 8,680 11.1 51.7 Madison 563 15,621 17,710 15, 977 -11.8 10.8 Mahaska 568 29,860 34,273 28,805 -12.9 19.0 Marion 563 22, 995 24,159 23,058 -4.8 4.8 Marshall 572 30, 279 29, 991 25,842 1.0 16.1 Mills 438 15,811 16,764 14,548 -5.7 15.2 Mitchell 463 13, 435 14,916 13, 299 -9.9 12.2 Monona 686 16, 633 17, 980 14,515 -7.5 23.9 Monroe 432 25, 429 17, 98,5 13,666 41.4 31.6 Montgomery 424 16, 604 17,803 15,848 -6.7 12.3 Muscatine 432 29,505 28,242 24,504 4.5 15.3 O’Brien 569 17,262 16, 985 13,060 1.6 30.1 Osceola 395 8,956 8,725 5,574 2.6 56.5 Page 531 24,002 24, 187 21,341 -0.8 13.3 Palo Alto 561 13,845 14, 354 9,318 -3.5 54.0 Plymouth 856 23, 129 22,209 19,568 4.1 13.5 Pocahontas 576 14,808 15, 339 9,553 -3.5 60.6 Polk 582 110,438 82, 624 65,410 33.7 26.3 Pottawattamie 942 55, 832 54, 336 47,430 2.8 14.6 Poweshiek 580 19,589 19,414 18,394 0.9 5.5 Ringgold 540 12,904 15, 325 13,556 -15.8 13.0 Sac 574 16, 55o 17,639 14,522 -6.1 21.5 Scott 449 60,000 51,558 43,164 16.4 19.4 Shelby 589 16,552 17,932 17,611 -7.7 1.8 Sioux 760 25,248 23, 337 18,370 8.2 27.0 Story 567 24,083 23, 159 18, 127 4.0 27.8 Tama 720 22, 156 24,585 21,651 -9.9 > 11.8 Taylor 534 16,312 18,784 16,384 -13.2 14.6 Union 427 16,616 19,928 16,900 -16.6 17.9 Van Buren 477 15,020 17, 354 16,253 -13.4 6.8 Wapello 428 37, 743 35,426 30,426 6.5 16.4 Warren 570 18, 194 20,376 18,269 -10.7 11.5 Washington 559 19, 925 20, 718 18,468 -3.8 12.2 Wayne Webster 524 16, 184 17,491 15,670 -7.5 11.6 714 34, 629 31, 757 21,582 9.0 47.1 Winnebago 399 11,914 12, 725 7,325 -6.4 73.7 Winneshiek 686 21,729 23,731 22,528 -8.4 5.3 Woodbury 864 67,616 54,610 55, 632 23.8 -1.8 Worth 399 9,950 10,887 9,247 -8.6 17.7 Wright 575 17,951 18, 227 12, 057 -1.5 51.2 KANSAS 81,774 1,690,949 1,470,495 n,428,108 16.0 3.0 AUen 508 27,640 19,507 13,509 41.7 44.4 Anderson 577 13,829 13,938 14,203 -0.8 -1.9 Atchison 412 28, 107 28,606 26,758 -1.7 6.9 Barber 1,134 9.916 6, .594 7,973 50.4 -17.3 Barton 892 17,876 13,784 13, 172 29.7 4.6 Bourbon 656 24,007 24,712 28,575 -2.9 -13.5 Brown 571 21,314 22,369 20,319 -4.7 • 5.3 Butler 1,434 23,059 23,. 363 24,055 -1.3 -2.9 Chase 751 7,527 8,246 8,233 -8.7 0.2 Chautauqua 652 11,429 11,804 12,297 -3.2 -4.0 Cherokee 605 38. 162 42,694 27,770 -10.6 53.7 Cheyenne 1,008 4,248 2,640 4,401 60.9 -40.0 Clark 973 4,093 1,701 2,357 140.6 -27.8 Clay 638 15,251 15, 833 16, 146 -3.7 -1.9 Cloud 702 18,388 18,071 19,295 1.8 -6.3 COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 HKK) 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 KANSAS— Con. Coffey . 644 15,205 16,643 15, 856 -8.6 5.0 Comanche 788 3,281 1,619 2,549 102.7 -36.5 Cowley 1,133 31,790 30,156 34, 478 5.4 -12.5 Crawford 605 51,178 38,809 30,286 31.9 28.1 Decatur 891 8,976 9,234 8,414 -2.8 9.7 Dickinson 838 24,361 21,816 22,273 11.7 -2.1 Doniphan 378 14,422 15,079 13,535 -4.4 >11.1 Douglas 469 24,724 25,096 23,961 -1.5 4.7 Edwards 611 7,033 3,682 3,600 91.0 2.3 Elk 652 10, 128 11,443 12,216 -11.5 -6.3 Ellis 901 12, 170 8,626 7,942 41.1 8.6 Ellsworth 724 10, 444 9,626 9,272 8.5 3.8 Finney 3 1,276 6,908 3,469 3,350 99.1 3.6 Ford 1,082 11,393 5,497 5,308 107.3 3.6 Franklin 585 20,884 21,354 20,279 -2.2 5.3 Geary 390 12,681 10,744 10,423 18.0 3.1 Gove 1,080 6,044 2,441 2,994 147.0 -18.5 Graham 897 8,700 5, 173 5,029 68.2 2.9 Grant 578 1,087 422 1,308 157.6 -67.7 Gray 857 3,121 1,264 2,415 146.9 -47.7 Greeley 776 1,335 493 1,264 170.8 -61.0 Greenwood 1,158 16,060 16, 196 16,309 -0.8 -0.7 Hamilton 984 3,360 1,426 2,027 135.6 -29.6 Harper 799 14,748 10,310 13,266 4.3.0 -22.3 Harvey 540 19,200 17,591 17,601 9.1 -0.1 Haskell 577 993 457 1,077 117.3 -57.6 Hodgeman 858 2,930 2,032 2,395 44.2 -15.2 Jackson 675 16,861 17,117 14, 626 -1.5 > 10.1 Jefferson 543 15, 826 17 ; 533 16,620 -9.7 5.5 Jewell 900 18, 148 19,420 19,349 -6.5 0.4 Johnson 486 18,288 18,104 17,385 1.0 4.1 Kearny 853 3,206 i;i07 1,571 189.6 -29.5 Kingman 867 13,386 10,663 11,823 25.5 -9.8 Kiowa 723 6, 174 2,365 2,873 161.1 -17.7 Labette 643 31,423 27,387 27,586 14.7 -0.7 Lane 715 2,603 1,563 2,060 66.5 -24.1 Leavenworth 4-10 41,207 40,940 38,485 0.7 6.4 Lincoln 721 10, 142 9,886 9,709 2.6 1.8 Linn 613 14,735 16, 689 17,215 -11.7 -3.1 Logan 1,082 4,240 1,962 3,384 116.1 -42.0 Lyon 845 24,927 25,074 23, 196 -0.6 8.1 McPherson 900 21,521 21,421 21,614 0.5 -0.9 Marion 971 22, 415 20,676 20,539 8.4 0.7 Marshall 905 23,880 24, 355 23,912 -2.0 1.9 Meade 984 5,055 1,581 2,542 219.7 -37.8 Miami 602 20,030 21,641 19,614 -7.4 10.3 Mitchell 713 14,089 14, 647 15,037 -3.8 -2.6. Montgomery 644 49,474 29,039 23, 104 70.4 25.7 Morris 696 12, 397 11,967 11,381 3.6 5.1 Morton 718 1,333 304 724 338.5 -58.01 Nemaha 716 19, 072 20,376 19,249 -6.4 5.9 Neosho 580 23, 754 19,254 18,561 23.4 3.7 Ness 1,079 5,883 4,535 4,944 29.7 -8.3 Norton 876 11,614 11,325 10,617 2.6 6.7 Osage 718 19,905 23,659 25,062 -15.9 -5.6 Osborne 894 12,827 11,844 12,083 8.3 -2.0 Ottawa 712 11,811 11,182 12, 581 5.6 -11.1 Pawnee 742 8,859 5,084 5,204 74.3 -2.3 Phillips 887 14,150 14,442 13,661 -2.0 5.7 Pottawatomie 829 17,522 18, 470 17, 722 -5.1 4.2 Pratt 726 11,156 7,085 8,118 57.5 -12.7 Rawlins 1,064 6,380 5,241 6,756 21.7 -22.4 Reno 1,242 37, 853 29, 027 27,079 30. 4 • 7.2 Republic 704 17, 447 18,248 19,002 -4.4 -4.0 Rice 707 15, 106 14,745 14,451 2.4 2.0 Riley 604 15, 783 13,828 13, 183 14.1 4.9 Rooks 890 11,282 7,960 8,018 41.7 -0.7 Rush 719 7,826 6,134 5,204 27.6 17.9 Russell 895 10,800 8,489 7,333 27.2 15.8 Saline 720 20,338 17,076 17,442 19.1 -2.1 Scott 714 3,047 1,098 1,262 177.5 -13.0 Sedgwick 994 73,095 44,037 43, 626 66.0 0.9 Seward 643 4,091 822 1,503 397.7 -45.3 Shawnee .544 61,874 53,727 49,172 15.2 9.3 Sheridan 890 1 5, 651 3,819 3,733 48.0 2.3 ' See headnote to table, page .32. 2 State total includes population (1,012) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties: also population (881) of Garfield County, annexed to Finney County in 1893. ' , j, 2 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 38 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910 1900 AND 1890 — Continued. ’ ’ [Percent not shown where base Is less than I(X). A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. I, and area In square miles: 1!>10 POPULATION PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 lilOO 1890 ItHiO- 1910 1890- 1900 KANSAS— Con. Sherman 1,049 4,549 3,341 5,201 30.2 -30.5 Smith 888 15,305 16, 384 15, 613 -6.2 4.9 Stafford 796 12, ,510 9,829 8,520 27.3 15.4 Stanton 685 1,034 327 1,031 216.2 -68.3 Stevens 729 2,453 620 1,418 295.0 -56.3 Suiimcr 1,179 30, 654 25,631 30,271 19.6 -15.3 Thomas 1,065 5,455 4,112 5,538 32.7 -25.7 Trego 899 5,398 2,722 2,535 98.3 7.4 W abaunsee 795 12, 721 12,813 11,720 -0.7 9.3 VV'allaco 921 2,759 1,178 2,408 134.2 -52.3 Washington 902 20,229 21,963 22, 894 -7.9 -4.1 Wichita 721 2,006 1,197 1,827 67.6 -34.5 Wilson 581 19,810 15, 621 15, 286 26.8 2.2 Woodson 503 9, 450 10,022 9,021 -5.7 11.1 Wyandotte 143 100, 068 73,227 54, 407 36.7 34.0 KENTUCKY.... 40,181 2,289,905 2,147,174 1,858,635 6.6 15.5 Adair 400 16,503 14, 888 13,721 10.8 8.5 Allen 394 14, 882 14,657 13,692 1.5 7.0 Anderson 201 10, 146 10, 051 10,610 0.9 -5.3 Ballard 252 12,690 10, 761 8,390 17.9 28.3 Barren 485 25,293 23, 197 21,490 9.0 7.9 Bath 270 13,988 14,734 12,813 -5.1 15.0 Bell 384 28,447 15,701 10,312 81.2 52.3 Boone 251 9,420 11,170 12, 246 -15.7 -8.8 Bourbon 304 17,462 18,009 16, 976 -3.4 6.4 Boyd 159 23,444 18, 834 14,033 24.5 34.2 Boyle » 186 14, 608 13,817 12, 948 6.2 6.7 Bracken 204 10, 308 12, 137 12, 369 -15.1 -1.9 Breathitt 483 17,540 14, 322 8,705 22.5 64.5 Breckinridge 508 21,034 20,534 18, 976 2.4 8.2 Itullitt 308 9, 487 9,002 8,291 -1.2 15.8 Butler 417 15,805 15,896 13, 956 -0.6 13.9 Caldwell 322 14,063 14,510 13, 186 -3.1 10.0 Calloway 412 19, 867 17, 633 14, 675 12.7 20.2 Campbell 145 59, 369 54, 223 44,208 9.5 22.7 Carlisle 198 9,048 10, 195 7,612 -11.3 33.9 Carroll 132 8,110 9,825 9,266 -17.5 6.0 Carter 413 21,906 20,228 17, 204 8.6 17.0 Casey 379 15, 479 15,144 11,848 2.2 27.8 Christian 725 38,845 37,962 34,118 2.3 11.3 Clark 265 17,987 16,694 15, 434 7.7 8.2 Clay 478 17, 789 15,364 12,447 15.8 23.4 Clinton 233 8,153 7,871 7,047 3.6 11.7 Crittenden 391 13, 296 15,191 13,119 -12.5 15.8 Cumberland 387 9,846 8,962 8,452 9.9 6.0 Daviess 478 41,020 38,667 33,120 6.1 16.7 Edmonson 308 10, 469 10,080 8,005 3.9 25.9 Elliott 263 9,814 10, 387 9,214 -5.5 12.7 Estill" 254 12, 273 11,669 10, 836 5.2 7.7 Fayette 209 47.715 42,071 35,698 1.3.4 17.9 Fleming 325 16,066 17,074 16,078 -5.9 0.2 Floyd 399 18, 623 15,552 11,256 19.7 38.2 Franklin 199 21,135 20,852 21,267 1.4 -2.0 Fulton 193 14,114 11,546 10,005 22.2 15.4 Gallatin 109 4,697 5, 163 4,611 -9.0 12.0 Garrard 237 11,894 12,042 11,138 -1.2 8.1 Grant 264 10,581 13, 239 12,671 -20.1 4.5 Graves 551 33,539 33, -204 28, 534 1.0 16.4 Grayson 497 19,958 19, 878 18,688 0.4 6.4 Green 279 11,871 12,255 11,463 -3.1 0.9 Greenup 346 18, 475 15, 432 11,911 19.7 29.6 Hancock 193 8,512 8,914 9,214 -4.5 -3.3 Hardin..' 606 22,696 22,937 21,304 -1. 1 7.7 Harlan 478 10, .560 9,8.38 6,197 7.4 58.8 Harrison 311 16, 873 18,1570 16,914 -9.1 9.8 Hart 430 18, 173 18,390 16, 439 -1.2 11.9 Henderson 435 29,352 32,907 29, 536 -10.8 11.4 Henry 303 13,716 14,020 14,164 -6.2 3.2 Hickman 225 11,750 11,745 11,637 V) 0.9 Hopkins .546 34,291 30,995 23,505 10.6 31.9 Jackson 333 10, 734 10,561 8,261 1.6 27.8 Jefferson 387 262,920 232,549 188,598 13.1 23.3 Jessamine 172 12,613 11,925 11,248 5.8 0.0 Johnson 268 17, 482 13, 730 i 1,027 27.3 24.5 Kenton 163 70, 355 Ki, ,591 54,161 10. 6 17.4 Knott 348 10, 791 8,704 5, 438 24.0 60. 1 COUNTY. KENTtrCKY— Con. Knox Larue Laurel Lawrence Lee Leslie Letcher Lewis Lincoln Livingston Logan Lyon McCracken McLean Madison Magoffin Marion Marshall Martin Mason Meade Menifee Mercer Metcalfe Monroe Montgomery Morgan Muhlenberg Nelson Nicholas Ohio Oldham Owen Owsley Pendleton Perry Pike Powell" Pulaski Robertson Rockcastle Rowan Russell Scott Shelby Simpson Spencer Taylor Todd Trigg Trimble Union Warren Washington Wayne W ebster Whitley Wolfe Woodford LOUISIANA^... Acadia Ascension Assumption Avoyelles Bienville Bossier Caddo Calcasieu Caldwell Cameron Catahoula ' Claiborne Concordia De Soto East Baton Rouge.. Land area In square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 356 22,110 17,372 13,762 27.3 26.2 288 10, 701 10,764 9,433 -0.6 14.1 447 19,872 17,592 13,747 13.0 28.0 422 20,067 19,612 17,702 2.3 10.8 199 9,531 7,988 6,205 19.3 28.7 373 8,976 6,753 3,964 32.9 70.4 355 10,623 9,172 0,920 15.8 32.5 491 16,887 17,868 14,803 -5.5 20.7 338 17,897 17,059 15,962 4.9 6.9 392 10, 627 11,354 9,474 —6.4 19.8 643 24, 977 25,994 23,812 -3.9 9.2 277 9,423 9,319 7,628 1.1 22.2 239 35.064 28,733 21,051 22.0 36.5 253 13, 241 12,448 9,887 0.4 25.9 446 26,951 25,007 24, 348 5.2 5.2 302 13, 6.54 12,006 9,196 13.7 30.6 345 16.330 16,290 15,648 0.2 4.1 327 15.771 13,092 11,287 15.2 21.3 227 7.291 5.780 4,209 26.1 37.3 227 18,611 20,440 20,773 -9.0 -1.6 301 9,783 10,533 9,484 -7.1 11.1 203 6,153 6,818 4,666 -9.8 46.1 253 14,063 14.426 15,034 -2.5 -4.0 303 10.453 9,988 9,871 4.7 1.2 441 13,663 13,053 10,989 4.7 18.8 198 12,868 12,834 12,367 0.3 3.8 305 16, 259 12, 792 11,249 27.1 13.7 472 28, 598 20,741 17,955 37.9 15.5 411 16,830 16, 587 • 16,417 1.5 1.0 208 10,601 11,952 10,764 -11.3 11.0 584 27, 642 27,287 22, 946 1.3 18.9 180 7,248 7,078 6,754 2.4 4.8 367 14,248 17,553 17, 676 -18.8 -0.7 216 7,979 6,874 5,975 16.1 1.5.0 279 11,985 14,947 16, 346 -19.8 -8.6 335 11,255 8,276 6,331 36.0 30.7 779 31,679 22,086 17,378 39.6 30.5 181 6,268 6,443 4,698 -2.7 37.1 779 35,986 31,293 25,731 15.0 21.6 109 4,121 4,900 4,684 -15.9 4.6 310 14,473 12,416 9,841 10.6 26.2 272 9,438 8,277 6,129 14.0 35.0 329 10,861 9,095 8. 136 12.0 19.2 289 16,956 18,076 16,546 -6.2 9.2 427 18,041 18,340 16, 521 -1.6 11.0 216 11,460 11.024 10,878 -1.4 6.9 186 7.507 7,406 6,700 2.2 9.6 279 11,961 11,075 9,. 353 8.0 18.4 307 16, 488 17,371 16,814 -5.1 3.3 428 14,539 14,073 13, 902 3.3 1.2 154 6,512 7, 272 7,140 -10.5 1.8 325 19.886 21,326 18,229 -6.8 17.0 530 30. 579 29,970 ,30, 158 2.0 -0.6 299 13,940 14, 182 1,3, 622 -1.7 4.1 590 17,518 14,892 12,852 17.6 15.9 344 20,974 20,097 17,196 4.4 16.9 585 31,982 25,015 17,590 27.9 42.2 230 9,864 8, 704 7,180 12.6 22.1 195 12.571 13, 134 12,380 -4.3 6.1 45,409 1,656,388 1,381,625 '1,118,688 19.9 23.5 047 31,847 23, 483 13,231 35.6 77.5 291 23,887 24, 142 19,545 -1.1 23.5 484 24, 128 21, 620 19, 629 11.6 10. 1 847 34, 102 29,701 25. 112 14.8 18.3 848 21,770 17,588 14, 108 23.8 24.7 863 21,7,38 24. 153 20,330 -10.0 18.8 880 58,200 44,499 31,555 30.8 41.0 3, 6,50 62, 767 30, 428 20, 176 106. 3 50.8 531 8, 593 0,917 5,814 24.2 10.0 1,501 4,288 3,952 2,828 8.5 39.7 718 10,415 16, 351 12,002 -36. 3 36.2 778 25,0.50 23, 029 2.3,312 8.8 -1.2 714 14, 278 13, ,559 14,871 5.3 -8.8 872 27,6.89 25,003 19, 800 10.5 26. 2 455 34.580 31,153 25,922-1 11.0 20.2 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 IjC.ss than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Subdivisions are designated as parishes. " State total includes population (1) specially enumerated In 1890, not credited to any parish. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 39 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN TUE UNITED STATES: iUiO, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Por cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.) Tublo 13— Con. COUNTY . Land area in POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE . miles: 1910 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 18!)0- 1900 LOUISIANA— Con. East Carroll 420 11,037 11,373 12. 362 2.3 - 8.0 East Feliciana 464 20,055 20,443 17,903 - 1.9 14.2 Franklin 630 11,989 8,890 0,900 34.9 28.8 Grant 683 15,958 12,902 8, 270 23.7 ’ 56.0 Iberia 589 31,262 29,015 20.997 7.7 38.2 Iberville 584 30,954 27,006 21,848 14.6 23.6 Jackson 578 13,818 9,119 7,453 51.5 22.4 Jefferson 425 640 18, 247 9,402 15,321 13,221 19.1 15.9 Lafayette 279 28, 733 22,825 15,906 25.9 43.0 Lafourche 991 33,111 28,882 22,095 14.6 30.7 Lincoln 472 18, 485 15,898 14,753 16.3 7.8 Livingston 662 10,627 8 , loe 5,769 31.2 40.4 Madison 650 10, 676 18,786 12,322 16,634 14, 135 16, 786 - 13.4 — 12.8 Morehouse 831 12.9 - 0.9 Natchitoches 1,289 30, 455 33,216 25,836 9.8 28.6 Orleans 200 339,075 287, 104 242,039 18.1 18.6 Ouachita 642 25,830 20, 947 17,985 23.3 16.5 Plaquemines 1,005 12, 524 13,039 12,541 - 3.9 4.0 Pointe Coupee 576 25,289 25, 777 19, 613 - 1.9 31.4 Rapides Red River 1,370 44,545 39, 578 27,642 12.5 43.2 400 11,402 11,548 11,318 - 1.3 2.0 Richland 565 15,769 11,116 15,421 10, 230 41.9 8.7 Sabine 1,020 19, 874 9,390 28.9 64.2 St. Bernard 616 5, 277 5,031 4,326 4.9 16.3 St. Charles 295 11,207 9,072 7,737 23.5 17.3 St. Helena 420 9, 172 8,479 8,062 8.2 5.2 St. James 254 23,009 20, 197 15,715 13.9 28.5 St. John the Baptist 231 14 , 3.38 12,330 11,359 16.3 8.5 St. Landry 1,645 66, 661 52,906 40,250 26.0 31.4 St. Martin 525 23,070 18,940 14,884 21.8 27.3 St. Mary 632 39,368 34, 145 22, 416 15.3 52.3 St. Tammany 906 18,917 13,335 10,160 41.9 31.3 Tangipahoa 790 29, 160 17,625 12,655 65.4 39.3 Tensas 632 17,060 19,070 16, 647 - 10.5 14.0 Terrebonne 1,756 28,320 24, 464 20, 167 15.8 21.3 Union 918 20,451 18,520 17,304 10.4 7.0 Vermilion 1,213 26,390 20,705 14,234 27.5 45.5 Vernon 1,367 17,384 10, 327 5,903 68.3 74.9 Washington 655 18,886 9,628 6,700 90.2 43.7 Webster 609 19, 186 15, 125 12,466 26.8 21.3 West Baton Rouge.. 214 12,636 10,285 8,303 22.9 23.0 West Carroll 306 6,249 3,685 3,748 69.6 - 1.7 West Feliciana 352 13, 449 15, 994 15,062 - 15.9 6.2 Winn 969 18,357 9,648 7,082 90.3 36.2 MAINE 29,896 742,371 694,466 661,086 6.9 5.0 Androscoggin 459 59,822 54,242 48,968 10.3 10.8 Aroostook 6, 453 74,664 60,744 49, 589 22.9 22.5 Cumberland 853 112,014 100,689 90,949 11.2 10.7 Franklin 1,789 19, 119 18,444 17,053 3.7 8.2 Hancock 1,522 35, 575 37,241 37,312 - 4.5 - 0.2 Kennebec 879 02,863 59,117 57,012 6.3 3.7 Knox 351 28,981 30,406 31, 473 - 4.7 - 3.4 Lincoln 457 18,216 19,669 21,996 - 7.4 - 10.6 Oxford 1,980 36,256 32,238 30, 586 12.5 5.4 Penobscot 3,258 85,285 76, 246 72,865 11.9 4.0 Piscataquis 3,770 19,887 16, 949 16, 134 17.3 5.1 Sagadahoc 250 18,574 20,330 19,452 - 8.6 4.5 Somerset 3,633 36, 301 33,849 32,627 7.2 3.7 Waldo 724 23,383 24, 185 27,759 - 3.3 - 12.9 W ashington 2,528 42,905 45,232 44,482 - 5.1 1.7 York 989 68,526 64,885 62,829 5.6 3.3 MARYLAND.... 9,941 1,295,346 1,188,044 1,042,390 9.0 14.0 Allegany 443 62,411 53, 694 41,571 16.2 29.2 Aim'e Arundel 432 39,553 39, 620 34,094 - 0.2 16.2 Baltimore 650 122,349 90,755 72,909 34.8 24.5 Baltimore city 30 558,485 508, 957 434,439 9.7 17.2 Calvert 218 10, 325 10,223 9,860 1.0 3.7 Caroline 319 19,216 16,248 13,903 18.3 16.9 Carroll 447 33,934 33,860 32,376 0.2 4.6 Cecil 377 23,759 24,662 25,851 - 3.7 - 4.6 Charles 464 16, 386 17, 662 15,191 - 7.2 10.3 Dorchester 576 28,669 27,962 24, 843 2.5 12.6 • For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. ' State total includes population (4) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. COUNTY . Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE . 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 181K)- liKH) MARYLAND— Con. Frederick 663 52,673 51,920 49,512 1.5 4.9 Garrett 685 20, 105 17,701 14,213 13.6 24.5 Harford 442 27,965 28,269 28,993 - 1.1 - 2.5 Howard 250 16, 106 16,715 16,269 - 3.6 2.7 Kent 282 16,957 18, 786 17, 471 - 9.7 7.5 Montgomery 521 32,089 30,451 27,185 5.4 12.0 Prince Georges 482 36, 147 29,898 26,080 20.9 14.6 Queen Annes 365 16,839 18,364 18,461 - 8.3 - 0.5 St. Marys 371 17,030 17,182 15,819 - 0.9 8.6 Somerset 331 26, 455 25, 923 24, 155 2,1 7.3 Talbot 268 19, 620 20,342 19,736 - 3.5 3.1 Washington 459 49,617 45, 133 39, 782 9.9 13.5 Wicomico 371 26,815 22,852 19,930 17.3 14.7 Worcester 495 21,841 20,865 19,747 4.7 5.7 MASSACHUSETTS 8,039 3,366,416 2,805,346 «2,238,947 20.0 25.3 Barnstable 409 27,542 27,826 29, 172 - 1.0 - 4.6 Berkshire 966 105, 259 95,667 81, 108 10.0 18.0 Bristol 567 318,573 252,029 186,465 26.4 35.2 Dukes 107 4,504 4,561 4,369 299, 995 - 1.2 4.4 Essex 497 436, 477 357,030 22.3 19.0 Franklin 697 43,600 41,209 38, 610 5.8 6.7 Hampden ■ 636 231,369 175,603 135, 713 31.8 29.4 Hampshire' 585 63,327 58,820 51,859 7.7 13.4 Middlesex ' 832 669, 915 565, 696 431, 167 18.4 31.2 Nantucket 51 2,962 3,006 3,268 - 1.5 - 8.0 Norfolk > 410 187,506 151,539 118,950 23.7 27.4 Plymouth 675 144,337 113, 985 92,700 26.6 23.0 Suffolk' 51 731,388 611,417 484, 780 19.6 26.1 Worcester 1,556 399,657 346, 958 280,787 15.2 23.6 MICHIGAN 67,480 3,810,173 2,420,982 "2,093,890 16.1 15.6 Alcona 684 5,703 5,691 5,409 0.2 5.2 Alger 920 7,675 5,868 1,238 30.8 374.0 Allegan 833 39,819 38,812 38, 961 2.6 - 0.4 Alpena 584 19,965 18,254 15,581 9.4 17.2 Antrim 475 15,692 16,568 10, 413 - 5.3 59.1 Arenac 374 9,640 9,821 5,683 - 1.8 72.8 Baraga 917 6,127 4,320 3,036 41.8 42.3 Barry 556 22,633 22,514 23,783 0.5 - 5.3 Bay 443 68, 238 62,378 56, 412 9.4 10.6 Benzie 314 10,638 9,685 5,237 9.8 84.9 Berrien 569 53,622 49, 165 41,285 9.1 19.1 Branch 497 25,605 27,811 26, 791 - 7.9 3.8 Calhoun 693 56,638 49,315 43,501 14.8 13.4 Cass 49 ^ 20,624 20,876 20, 953 - 1.2 - 0.4 Charlevoix ' 411 19, 157 13, 956 9,686 37.3 44.1 Cheboygan 725 17,872 15,516 11,986 15.2 29.5 Chippewa 1,573 24,472 21,338 12,019 14.7 77.5 Clare 582 9,240 8,360 7,558 10.5 10.6 Clinton 571 23, 129 25, 136 26, 509 - 8.0 - 5.2 Crawford 575 3,934 2,943 2,962 33.7 - 0.6 Delta Dickinson ‘ 1.169 30, 108 20,524 30,499 23,881 17,890 15,330 26.1 14.7 55.8 Eaton 571 3 L 068 32,094 - 3.7 - 1.3 Emmet' 485 18, 561 15,931 8,756 16.5 81.9 Genesee 655 64,555 41,804 39, 430 54.4 6.0 Gladwin 519 8,413 6,564 4,208 28.2 56.0 Gogebic 1,133 23,333 16,738 13, 166 39.4 27.1 Grand Traverse 467 23,784 20,479 13,355 16. 1 53.3 Gratiot 579 28,820 29,889 28,668 - 3.6 4.3 Hillsdale 597 29, 673 29,865 30,660 - 0.6 - 2.6 Houghton 1,019 88,098 66,063 35,889 33.4 86.7 Huron 854 34, 758 34, 162 28,545 1.7 19.7 Ingham 553 53,310 39,818 37,666 33.9 5.7 Ionia 579 33.550 34,329 32,801 — 2.3 4.7 Iosco 570 9,753 10,246 15,224 - 4.8 - 32.7 Iron' 1,200 15, 164 8,990 4,432 68.7 102.8 Isabella 572 23,029 22, 784 18, 784 1.1 21.3 Jackson 707 53,426 48,222 45,031 10.8 7.1 Kalamazoo 562 60,427 44,310 39,273 36.4 12.8 Kalkaska 573 8,097 7,133 5, 160 13.5 38.2 Kent 860 159,145 129,714 109,922 22.7 18.0 Keweenaw ' 554 7,156 3,217 2,894 122.4 11.2 I,ake 579 4, 939 4,957 6,505 - 0.4 - 23.8 Lapeer i 666 26,033 27,641 29,213 - 5.8 - 5.4 Leelanau' 338 10. 608 10,556 7,'944 0.5 32.9 3 State total includes population Q) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county: also, population (995) of Manitou and Isle Royal Counties, annexed to Charleyois, Leelanau, and Keweenaw Counties in 1896 and 1897. 40 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AJ\D POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [I’er cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tablo 13— Con. COUNTY. l.and area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. 1910 lilOO 1890 1900- 1910 18fM)- 1!K)0 MICHIGAN— Con. 743 47,907 17,7:16 4,(K)4 9,249 32,600 26, 088 48, 406 19, 664 2.983 7,703 33, 244 27,856 48, 448 20,858 2,455 7,830 31,813 — 1.0 —0. 1 MINNESOTA— Con. Koochiching ' 508 —9.8 —5.7 920 34.2 21.5 1,044 472 20. 1 — 1.6 — 1.9 4.5 Manistee 502 24,230 -4.2 15.0 Marquette' 1,870 46, 739 21.832 41,239 18,885 39,521 13.3 4.3 Mason 494 16,385 15.6 16.3 Mecosta 571 19, 466 20, 693 19,697 -5.9 5.1 Menominee' 1.050 2.5,648 27,046 14. 439 9,308 32,754 32,754 3,234 37, 036 17,673 44,792 16,644 7,765 6, 197 17,859 1,468 6, 175 33, 639 10,057 5,048 32, 337 32, 637 1,487 40,013 20, 476 41,245 15,698 5,583 3,756 14,630 1,904 -5.2 -19.6 Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency Muskegon 529 582 573 724 601 504 851 886 543 580 1,333 577 14,005 10, 600 32,917 32, 069 3,755 40, 577 19,220 49,576 18,379 8,907 8,650 17,889 -3.0 13.9 0.5 -2. 1 16.1 9.6 8.8 10.7 10.4 14.7 39.6 0.2 35.5 84.4 1.3 0.4 117.5 —7.4 — 13.7 8.6 6.0 39.1 •65.0 22. 1 Meeker Mille Lacs Morrison Mower Murrav Nicollet Nobles Norman' Olmsted Ontonagon Otter Tail Oscoda 576 2,027 6,552 45,301 11,249 2,274 38. 1 —22.9 Otsego 628 4,272 6. 1 44. 5 Ottawa 565 678 538 39,667 8,821 1,787 35, 358 4,687 2,033 14.2 12.2 Polk’ Presque Isle Roscommon 27.5 27.3 88.2 —12.1 Pope Saginaw St. Clair 828 710 89,290 52, 341 81,222 55,228 82,273 52, 105 9.9 -5.2 —1.3 6.0 Red Lake' St. Joseph 503 25,499 33. 930 8,681 23,889 25, 356 6.7 —5.8 Sanilac Schoolcraft 976 1,207 35,055 7,889 32.589 5,818 -3.2 10.0 7.6 35.6 Rice Shiawassee 557 33,246 33, 866 30,952 -1.8 9.4 Tuscola 827 34,913 33,185 44,714 35,890 33,274 47, 761 32,508 30,541 42,210 -2.7 10.4 Van Buren Washtenaw 617 704 -0.3 -6.4 8.9 13.2 Scott Wayne 620 531,591 348, 793 257,114 11,278 52.4 35.7 Wexford 577 20, 769 16,845 23.3 49.4 MINNESOTA.... 80, 858 2,075,708 n, 761, 394 n, 310.283 18.6 33.7 Steele Stevens Aitkin 1,830 459 10,371 6,743 2,462 53.8 173.9 Swift Anoka 12,493 18. 840 11,313 9,884 10.4 14.5 Becker 1,349 14.375 9,401 31.1 52.9 Beltrami' 3,822 405 19,337 11,030 312 75.3 ‘2,950.3 57.7 Benton 11,615 9,912 6,284 17.2 Wadena Waseca Big Stone 491 9,367 8,731 32,263 5,722 7.3 52.0 Blue Earth 762 29,337 29,210 -9. 1 10.5 Brown 612 20, 134 19,787 15,817 1.8 25. 1 Carlton 867 17,559 10. 017 5.272 75.3 <83.0 Willrin Carver 376 17,455 17,544 16,532 -0.5 6. 1 Winona Wright Cass' 2,104 11,620 7,777 1,247 49.4 ‘332.7 Yellow Medicine. . . Chippewa 591 13,458 12, 499 8,555 7.7 46. 1 Chisago 427 13,. 537 13,248 10, 359 2.2 27.9 Clay Clearwater ' 1,043 1,019 1,498 640 19,640 6,870 1.336 17,942 11,517 9.5 55.8 MISSISSIPPI... Cook 810 98 64.9 Cottonwood 12.651 12,069 7.412 4.8 62.8 Crow Wing' 1,057 599 440 16, 861 14,250 8,852 20, 240 18.3 61.0 Dakota 25,171 12,094 17,669 19.949 21,733 13,340 17,964 15.8 7.4 Dodge 10, 864 —9.3 22.8 Douglas 648 14,606 — 1.6 23.0 Faribault 719 22,055 28,238 16, 708 25,966 17,962 28, 806 6, 875 185,294 —9.5 32.0 Fillmore 868 25. 680 22,282 31,037 9,114 333,480 14,297 9.831 12,615 17,208 11,491 6,461 18,969 9, 669 -9. 1 8.7 Freeborn 735 21,838 31,137 8,935 228, 340 2.0 21. 6 Goodhue 767 l.G 8. 1 Grant 553 2.0 30.0 Hennepin 565 46.0 23.2 Houston 570 15,400 14,653 -7.2 5. 1 Clav 958 0;578 11,675 4,573 14,793 1,412 7,607 743 49.5 305.9 442 8. 1 53.5 Itasca’ 2,730 702 276. 3 ‘ 425. 0 Covington ’ 8,924 1,579 13,997 5,387 -2.0 65.8 De Soto 534 4,614 18,416 7,889 40.0 192.2 801 3.0 31.6 Franklin Kittson ‘ 1,111 22.6 46.4 George' Land area in square mile.s: 1910 POPULATION PER CENT OF INCREASE, 1910 1900 18*90 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 3, 141 6,431 '790 15,435 14,289 10,382 8.0 37.6 2,099 8,011 4,654 1,299 72.1 258.3 466 18, 609 20,2.34 19,057 -8.0 6.2 535 9,874 8,966 5,691 10.1 57.5 708 15,722 14,591 9,. 501 7.8 53.6 496 572 18,091 3,2-J9 16,338 19,595 17, 026 -4.6 15.1 1,788 15,698 9,130 4.1 71.9 719 17,518 10,936 9,403 3.4 80.1 621 17,022 17,753 15,456 -4.1 14.9 583 10,705 8,066 2,845 32.7 183.5 1,143 24,053 22,891 13,325 5.1 71.8 711 22,040 22,335 18,019 1.4 24.0 704 11,755 11,911 6,692 -1.3 78.0 443 14, 125 14,774 13,382 -4.4 10.4 722 15,210 14,932 7,9.58 1.9 87.6 860 13,446 15,045 10,618 -10.6 41.7 6G6 22,497 23, 119 19, 806 -2.7 16.7 2,039 607 46,036 9.376 15,878 45,375 34,232 1.5 32.6 1,413 11,540 4,052 37.5 184.9 409 9,553 9,264 5,132 3.1 80.5 1,979 36,001 35,429 30, 192 1.6 17.3 693 12,746 12,577 10,032 1.3 25.4 161 432 223,675 6,664 18,425 170,554 12,195 139, 796 31.1 -46.2 22.0 881 17;261 9,386 6.7 83.9 978 23,123 23,693 17,099 -2.4 38.6 495 25,911 26,080 23,968 -0.6 8.8 492 1,670 10,222 11,338 163, 274 9,668 6,994 82,932 6,817 5.7 62.1 41.8 6,503 44,862 96.9 ‘82.9 366 14,888 15,147 13,831 -1.7 9.5 448 8,136 7,281 5,908 11.7 23.2 585 15,540 16.862 15,199 -7.8 10.9 1,302 47,733 44,464 34,844 7.4 27.6 431 16,146 16,524 13,232 -2.3 24.9 564 8,293 8,721 R,251 -4.9 66.1 741 12,949 13,503 10,161 -4.1 32.9 957 23, 407 22,214 12,930 5.4 71.8 668 8,049 7,573 4,516 6.3 67.7 541 18, 5,54 18,924 16,972 -2.0 11.5 538 8,652 7,921 4,053 9.2 95.4 431 13,466 14,760 13,313 -8.8 10.9 397 26,013 27, 808 25,992 -6.5 7.0 434 11,382 11,496 7,746 -1.0 48.4 745 9,063 8,080 4,346 12.2 85.9 637 33.398 35,686 33,797 -6.4 5.6 691 28,082 29,157 24,164 -3.7 20.7 749 15,406 14,602 9,854 5.5 48.2 46,362 1,797,114 1,551,270 1,289,600 16.8 20.3 426 25,265 30,111 26,031 -16.1 15.7 386 18,159 14,987 13,115 21.2 14.3 714 22,954 20, 70S 18,198 10.8 13.8 715 28,8.51 26,248 22,213 9.9 18.2 396 10,245 10,510 10,585 -2.5 -0.7 879 48,905 35, 427 29,980 38.0 18.2 679 17,726 16,512 14,688 7.4 12.4 624 23,139 22,116 18,773 4.6 17.8 501 22, 846 19,892 19,891 14,9 (‘) 414 14,357 13,036 10,847 10.1 20.2 489 17,403 20, 787 14,516 -16.3 43.2 675 21,630 17,741 15, 826 21.9 12.1 40,8 20,203 19,563 18,607 3.3 5.1 530 34,217 26,293 18,342 30.1 43.3 769 35,914 34,395 30,233 4.4 13.8 410 16,909 13,076 8,299 29.3 57.6 47.5 462 23,i:i0 20,722 15,193 6,599 24,751 24,183 -0.5 2.3 547 475 13,678 10,424 11.1 31.2 ' For changes in tjoundaries, etc., of counties, see page .1^, 2 State total Includes population in 1900) of White Earth Indian Re.ser- vation not returned by counties in 1900; returned in 1910 in Becker, Clearwater, and Mahnomen Counties. estate total includes population (S.I.'i?) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1K90, not distributed by counties. 1 See headnote to table, page :12. t' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. POPULATION OF C^OUNTIKS 41 AREA AND POrULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUIIDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. (Per cent not shown where base Is IcSs than 100. A minus sifjn ( — ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land are.v In square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 MISSISSIPPI- Con. Greene' 710 6,050 6,795 3,906 -11.0 74.0 Grenada 442 15, 727 14,112 14,974 11.4 -5.8 Hancock ‘ 469 11,207 11,886 8,318 -5.7 42.9 Harrison 1,013 34,658 21,002 12,481 65.0 68.3 Hinds 8.58 63,726 52,577 39,279 21.2 33.9 Holmes 834 39,088 36,828 30,970 6.1 18.9 Issaquena 406 10,560 10,400 12,318 1.5 -15.6 Itawamba 529 14,526 13,544 11,708 7.3 15.7 Jackson' 710 15,451 16,513 11,251 -6.4 46.8 Jasper 667 18,498 15,394 14,785 20.2 4.1 Jefferson 507 18,221 21,292 18,947 -14.4 12.4 404 12, 8G0 Jones 696 29; 885 17,846 8,333 67.5 114.2 Kemper 752 20,348 20,492 17,961 -0.7 14.1 Lafayette 664 21,883 22,110 20,553 -1.0 7.6 495 11,741 Lauderdale 700 46! 919 38, IM M,66i 23.0 28.6 Lawrence ' 418 13,080 15, 103 12,318 -13.4 22.6 Leake 576 18,298 17,360 14,803 5.4 17.3 Lee 448 28,894 21,956 20,040 31.6 9.6 Leflore 572 36,290 23,834 16,869 52.3 41.3 Lincoln 578 28,597 21,5.52 17,912 32.7 20.3 Lowndes 499 30,703 29,095 27,047 5.5 7.6 Madison 725 33,505 32,493 27,321 3.1 18.9 Marion' 624 15,599 13,501 9,532 15.5 41.6 Marshall 689 26,796 27,674 26,043 -3.2 6.3 Monroe 770 35, 178 31,216 30,730 12.7 1.6 Montgomery 398 17,706 16,536 14,459 7.1 14.4 Neshoba 561 17,980 12,726 11,146 41.3 14.2 Newton 668 23,085 19,708 16,625 17.1 18.5 Noxubee 682 28,503 30,846 27,338 -7.6 12.8 Oktibbeha 457 19,676 20,183 17,694 -2.5 14.1 Panola 696 31,274 29,027 26,977 7.7 7.6 Pearl River > 797 10,593 6,697 2,957 58.2 126.5 Perry > 644 7,685 14,682 6,494 -47.7 126.1 Pike 707 37,272 27,545 21,203 35.3 29.9 Pontotoc 494 19,688 18,274 14,940 7.7 22.3 Prentiss 409 16,931 15,788 13,679 7.2 15.4 Quitman 395 11.593 5,435 3,286 113.3 65.4 Rankin 791 23,944 20,955 17,922 14.3 16.9 Scott 597 16,723 14,316 11,740 16.8 21.9 Sharkey 444 15,694 12, 178 8,382 28.9 45.3 Simpson 575 17,201 12,800 10, 138 34.4 26.3 Smith 626 16,603 13,055 10,635 27.2 22.8 Sunflower 690 28,787 16,084 9,384 79.0 71.4 Tallahatchie 629 29,078 19,600 14,361 48.4 36.5 Tate 400 19,714 20, 618 19,253 -4.4 7.1 Tippah 446 14,631 12,983 12,951 12.7 0.2 Tishomingo 428 13,067 10,124 9,302 29.1 * 8.8 Tunica 418 18,646 16,479 12, 158 13.2 35.5 Union 412 18,997 16,522 15,606 15.0 5.9 W arren 572 37,488 40,912 33,164 -8.4 23.4 Washington 877 48,933 49,216 40,414 -0.6 21.8 Wayne 812 14,709 12,539 9,817 17.3 27.7 Webster 416 14,853 13,619 12,060 9.1 12.9 Wilkin.son 667 18,075 21,453 17,592 -15.7 21.9 Winston 597 17,139 14,124 12,089 21.3 10.8 Yalobusha 490 21,519 19,742 16,629 9.0 18.7 Yazoo 1,038 46,672 43,948 36,394 6.2 20.8 MISSOURI 68,727 3,293,335 3,106,666 >2,679,185 6.0 16.0 Adair 571 22, 700 21,728 17,417 4.5 24.8 Andrew 428 15,282 17,332 16,000 -11.8 8.3 Atchison 528 13,604 16,501 15,533 -17.6 6.2 Audrain 685 21,687 21,160 22,074 2.5 -4.1 Barry 784 23,869 25,532 22,943 -6.5 11.3 Barton 596 10,747 18,253 18,504 -8.3 -1.4 Bates 870 25,869 30,141 32,223 -14.2 -6.5 Benton 745 14,881 16,556 14,973 -10.1 10.6 Bollinger 609 14,576 14,650 13, 121 -0.5 11.7 Boone 688 30,533 28,642 26,043 6.6 10.0 Buchanan 408 93,020 121,838 70, 100 -23.7 73.8 Butler 699 20,624 16, 769 10, 164 23.0 65.0 Caldwell 433 14,605 16,656 15,152 -12.3 9.9 Callaway 808 24, 400 25,984 25,131 -6.1 3.4 Camden 687 11,582 13,113 10,040 -11.7 30.6 COtTKTY. MISSOURI— Con. Cape (lirardeau. . Carroll Carter Cass Cedar Chariton Christian Clark Clay Clinton Cole Cooper Crawford Dade Dallas Daviess Dekalb Dent Douglas Dunklin Franklin Gasconade Gentry Greene Grmidy Harrison Henry Hickory Holt Howard Howell Iron Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Knox Laclede Lafayette Lawrence Lewis Lincoln Linn Livingston McDonald Macon Madison Maries Marion Mercer Miller Mississippi Moniteau Monroe Montgomery Morgan New Madrid Newton Nodaway. . . Oregon Osage Ozark Pemiscot Perrv Pettis Phelps. Pike... Platte. . Polk... Pulaski Putnam . . Ralls Randolph Ray Reynolds. Land area In square miles: l»10 580 703 506 721 498 768 553 498 402 423 389 558 747 501 543 504 425 746 804 530 879 514 490 667 433 721 744 407 440 468 915 553 610 635 681 831 514 753 612 609 504 607 626 531 527 809 499 520 436 453 593 413 410 666 514 614 652 622 871 778 593 746 456 462 685 670* 653 415 641 542 517 481 491 665 828 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 27, 621 24,315 22,060 13.6 10.2 23, 0!)8 26, 455 25, 742 -12.7 2.8 5,. 504 6, 706 4,659 -17.9 43.9 22,973 23,636 23,301 -2.8 1.4 16,080 16,923 15.620 -5.0 8.3 23, 503 26, 826 20,254 -12.4 2.2 15,832 16, 939 14.017 -6.5 20.8 12,811 15, 383 15,126 -16.7 1.7 20, 302 18,903 19.856 7.4 -4.8 15,297 17,363 17,138 -11.9 1.3 21,957 20,578 17,281 6.7 19.1 20,311 22,532 22, 707 -9.9 -0.8 13.576 12, 959 11,961 4.8 8.3 15,013 18, 125 17, 526 -13.9 3.4 13,181 13,903 12,647 -5.2 9.9 17,605 21,325 20, 456 -17.4 4.2 12,531 14,418 14,539 -13.1 -0.8 13,245 12,986 12,149 2.0 6.9 16, 664 10,802 14,111 -0.8 19.1 30,328 21,700 15,085 39.7 43.9 29,830 30. 581 28,056 -2.5 9.0 12.847 12,298 11.706 4.5 5.1 16, 820 20,554 19.018 -18.2 8.1 63, 831 52,713 48,616 21.1 8.4 16, 744 17,832 17,876 -6.1 -0.2 20, 466 24,398 21.033 -16.1 16.0 27,242 28,054 28,235 -2.9 -0.6 8,741 9,985 9,453 -12.5 5.6 14,539 17,083 15,469 -14.9 10.4 15,653 18.337 17,371 -14.6 5.6 21,065 21,834 18,618 -3.5 17.3 8,563 8, 716 9,119 -1.8 -4.4 283,522 195, 193 160,510 45.3 21.6 89,673 84,018 50, .500 6.7 66.4 27,878 25, 712 22,484 8.4 14.4 26,297 27.843 28, 132 -5.6 -1.0 12,403 13,479 13,. 501 -8.0 -0.2 17,363 10, 523 14,701 5.1 12.4 30, 154 31,679 30,184 -4.8 5.0 26,583 31, 662 20,228 -16.0 20.7 15,514 16, 724 15,9.35 -7.2 5.0 17,033 18.352 18.346 -7.2 (®) 25, 253 26,503 24, 121 -1.0 5.7 19,453 22, 302 20,668 -12.8 7.9 13,539 13,574 11,283 -0.3 20.3 30,868 33,018 30, 575 -6.5 8.0 11,273 9,975 9,268 13.0 7. 6 10,088 9,616 8,600 4.9 11.8 30, 572 26, 331 26,233 16.1 0.4 12,335 14,706 14,581 -16.1 0. 9 16,717 15, 187 14,162 10.1 7.2 14, 5,57 11.837 10, 1.34 23.0 10.8 14,375 15,931 15,6.30 -9.8 1.9 18,304 19,716 20, 790 -7.2 —5.2 15,604 16, 571 16,850 -5.8 -1.7 12,863 12, 175 12,311 5.7 -1.1 19,488 11,280 9,317 72.8 21.1 27,136 27,001 22,108 0.5 22.1 28,833 32,938 30,914 -12.5 6.5 14,681 13,906 10,467 5.6 32.9 14,283 14,096 13,080 1.3 7.8 11,926 12, 145 9,795 -1.8 24.0 19,559 12,115 5,975 61.4 102.8 14,898 15, 134 13,237 -1.6 14.3 33,913 32,438 31,151 4.5 4.1 15,796 14, 194 12,636 11.3 12.3 22, 556 25,744 26,321 -12.4 -2.2 14,429 16, 193 16,248 -10.9 -0.3 21,561 23,255 20,3.39 -7.3 14.3 11,438 10,394 9,387 10.0 10.7 14,308 16,688 15,365 -14.3 8.6 12,913 12,287 12,294 5.1 -0.1 26, 182 24,442 24,893 7.1 -1.8 21,451 24, 805 24,215 -13.5 2.4 9,592 8, 161 6,803 17.5 20.0 • For changes In boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (1) specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. » lyess than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 42 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POrULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is loss than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con, COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 IfMM)- 1910 1890- 1900 MISSOURI— Con. Ripley G27 13,099 13, 186 8,512 -0.7 54.9 St. Charles 5.35 24,695 24,474 22,977 0.9 6.5 St.Clair 70fi 16, 412 17, 907 16,747 -8.3 6.9 St. Francois 458 35,738 24,051 17,347 48.6 38.0 St. Louis 487 82,417 50,040 36,307 64.7 37.8 St. Louis city Cl 687,029 575,238 451,770 19.4 27.3 Ste. Genevieve 481 10,607 10,:i59 9,883 2.4 4.8 Saline 754 29, 448 33,703 33,762 -12.6 -0.2 Schuyler 309 9,062 10,840 11,249 -16.4 -3.0 Scotland 439 11,869 13,232 12,674 -10.3 4.4 Scott 419 22,372 13,092 11,228 70.9 16.0 Shannon 992 11,443 11,247 8,898 1.7 26.4 Shelby 509 14,864 16, 167 15,642 -8.1 3.4 Stoddard 815 27,807 24,669 17,327 12.7 42.4 Stone 510 11,559 9,892 7,090 16.9 39.5 Sullivan 649 18, 598 20,282 19,000 -8.3 6.7 Taney 655 9,134 10, 127 7,973 -9.8 27.0 Texas 1,159 21,458 22, 192 19,406 -3.3 14.4 Vernon 839 28,827 31,619 31,505 -8.8 0.4 Warren 410 9,123 9,919 9,913 -8.0 0.1 Washington 741 13,378 14,263 13,153 -6.2 8.4 Wayne 775 15, 181 15,309 11.927 -0.8 28.4 Webster 585 17,377 16,640 15, 177 4.4 9.6 Worth 205 8,007 9,832 8,738 -18.6 12.5 Wright 677 18,315 17,519 14,484 4.5 21.0 MONTANA 1 146,201 376,063 2 243,329 3 142,924 64.6 70.3 Beaverhead 4,719 6, 446 5,615 4, 655 14.8 20.6 Broadwater < 1,194 3, 491 2 641 32.2 2,438 13,962 7 533 85.3 Cascade ' 3,384 28,833 25,777 8, 755 11.9 194.4 Chouteau < 15,972 17, 191 10,966 4,741 56.8 “ 103. 6 Custer < 13,156 14.123 7,891 5.308 79.0 “21.3 Dawson* 13,231 12, 725 2, 443 2,056 420.9 18.8 Deer Lodge* 749 12,988 17,393 15, 155 -25.3 14.8 Fergus 9,078 17.385 6, 937 3,514 1.50. 6 97.4 6,070 18,785 0 .375 100 4 GaUatin 2,513 14,079 9,553 6, 246 47.4 52.9 Granite^ 1,637 2,942 4 328 —32.0 Jefferson * 1,650 5,601 5,330 6,026 5.1 -11.5 Lewis and Clark * . . . 3,465 21,853 19,171 19, 145 14.0 0.1 Lincoln * 3,530 3,638 Madison 4,581 7,229 7,695 4,692 -6.1 64.0 Meagher* 3,766 4,190 2,526 4,749 65.9 -46.8 Missoula* 4,243 23,. 596 13,964 14,427 69.0 5 -18.0 Park* 2.675 10,731 7,341 6,881 46.2 6.7 Powell * 2, 5.59 5,904 Ravalli * 2,447 11,666 7,822 49.1 Rosebud * 9! 663 7,985 Sanders * 2,859 3,713 Silver Bow* 698 56,848 47,635 23,744 19.3 100.6 Sweet Grass* 2.918 4,029 3,086 30. G Teton * 7,581 9' 546 5 nxo 87 Q Valley* 13;515 13,630 4 355 213 0 Yellowstone* 5', 729 22 ; 944 6,212 2,065 269.3 2IX). 8 NEBRASKA 76,808 1,192,214 1,066,300 « 1,062,656 11.8 0.3 Adams 565 20,900 18,840 24,303 10.9 -22.5 Antelope 872 14,003 11,344 10,399 23.4 9.1 Banner 742 1,444 1,114 2,435 29.6 -54.3 Blaine 711 1.672 603 1, 146 177.3 -47.4 Boone 692 13, 145 11,689 8,683 12.5 34.6 Boxbutte 1.076 6, 131 5, .572 5,494 10.0 1. 4 Boyd* 535 8,826 7,332 695 20.4 955.0 Brown 1,235 6,oa3 3,470 4,359 75. 3 -20.4 Buffalo 945 21,907 20. 254, 22,162 8.2 -8.6 Burt 475 12, 726 13,040 11,069 - 2.4 17.8 Butler 583 15, 403 15, 703 15, 454 - 1.9 1.6 Cass .538 19,786 21,330 24,080 - 7.2 -11.4 C«dar 735 15,191 12, 467 7,028 21.8 77.4 Chase 899 3,613 2. ,5.59 4,807 41.2 -40.8 Cherry 5,979 10,414 6, 541 6,428 59.2 1.8 1 194 4 5;=;i 18 3 9 9 Clay 579 isl 729 1517.35 lo’oio (’) - 3.5 405 11 610 11 9!n 10 3 G 7 8 Cuming 577 1.3,782 14 ! ,584 12 ; 265 - 5.5 18.9 Custer 2,588 25,668 19, 7.58 21,677 29.9 -8.9 ' Includes land area (isi square miles) of that part of Yellowstone National Park In Montana. No population reported. estate total includes population (2,(i00) of Crow Indian Reservation, not re- turned by counties in 1300; returned in 1310 in Roselmd and Yellowstone Counties. * State total includes population (10,70.5) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not di.stributed by countie.s. * For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, sec page 53. COUNTY. I^and area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION PER CENT or INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 NEBRASKA- Con. Dakota* 253 6,564 6,286 5,. 386 4.4 16.7 Dawes 1,402 8,254 6,215 9,722 32.8 —36.1 Dawson 985 15,961 12,214 10, 129 30.7 20.6 Deuel* 439 1,786 2,630 2,893 -32.1 -9.1 Dixon 472 11,477 10,535 8,084 8.9 30.3 Dodge 531 22, 145 22,298 19,260 -0.7 15.8 Douglas 331 168,546 140,590 158,008 19.9 -11.0 Dundy 927 4,098 2, 434 4,012 68.4 -39.3 Fillmore 576 14,674 15,087 16,022 -2.7 —5.8 Franklin 578 10,303 9,455 7,693 9.0 22.9 Frontier 975 8,572 8,781 8,497 -2.4 3.3 Furnas 721 12,083 12,373 9,840 -2.3 25.7 Gage 862 1,052 30, 325 3,538 3,417 30,051 36, 344 0.9 -17.3 Garfield '575 2, 127 1,659 60.6 28.2 Gosper 464 4,933 5,301 4,816 -6.9 10.1 Grant 726 1,097 763 458 43.8 66.6 Greeley 571 8,047 5,691 4,869 41.4 16.9 Hall 528 20, 361 17.206 16,513 18.3 4.2 Hamilton 538 13, 459 13, 330 14,096 1.0 -5.4 Harlan 574 9,578 9,370 8,158 2.2 14.9 Hayes 722 3,011 2,708 3,953 11.2 -31.5 Hitchcock 724 5,415 4,409 5,799 22.8 -24.0 Holt 2,393 15,545 12, 224 13, 672 27.2 -10.6 Hooker 722 981 432 426 127.1 1.4 Howard 561 10,783 10, 343 9, 430 4.3 9.7 Jefferson 578 16,852 15,196 14, 850 10.9 2.3 Johnson 374 10, 187 11,197 10,333 -9.0 8.4 Kearney 516 9,106 9, 866 9,061 -7.7 8.9 Keith 1,068 3,692 1,951 2,556 89.2 -23.7 Keyapaha 775 3,452 3,076 3,920 12.2 -21.5 Kimball 958 1,942 758 959 156.2 —21.0 Knox 1,114 18, 358 14, 343 8,582 28.0 67.1 Lancaster 853 73, 793 64,835 76, 395 13.8 — 15. 1 Lincoln 2, 536 15,684 11,416 10,441 37.4 9.3 Logan 573 1,521 960 1,378 58.4 -30.3 Loup 576 2,188 1,305 1, 662 67.7 -21.5 McPherson* 1,674 2,470 517 401 377.8 28.9 Madison '576 19,101 16, 976 13, 069 12.5 24.2 Merrick 463 1 417 10,379 4,584 8,926 9,255 8,758 12.1 5. 7 Nance ’446 8, 222 5,773 8.6 42.4 Nemaha 389 13,095 14,952 12, 9.30 -12.4 15.6 N uckolls 579 13,019 12,414 11.417 4.9 8.7 Otoe 606 19, 323 22,288 25,403 -13.3 —12.3 Pawnee 431 10, 582 11,770 10,340 -10.1 13.8 Perkins 886 2,570 1,702 4,304 51.0 —61.0 Phelps 538 10,451 10, 772 9,869 -3.0 9.1 Pierce 577 10,122 8,445 4, 864 19.9 73.6 Platte 673 19,006 17, 747 15,437 7.1 15.0 Polk 430 10, 521 10,542 10,817 -0.2 - 2.5 Red willow 720 11,056 9. 604 8,837 15.1 8.7 Richardson 545 17,448 19,614 17,574 -11.0 11.6 Rock 1,004 3,627 2,809 3,083 29.1 —8.9 Saline 573 17, 866 18,252 20,097 -2.1 —9.2 Sarpy 240 9,274 9,080 6,875 2.1 32.1 Saunders 756 21,179 22,085 21,577 — 4. 1 2.4 Scotts Bluff 723 8,355 2,552 1,888 227.4 35.2 Seward 574 15, 895 15, 090 16, 140 8,687 1. 3 ^2. 8 Sheridan 2 , 469 7,328 6,033 21.5 —30.6 Sherman 8,278 6.550 6, 399 26.4 2.4 Sioux 2, 055 5,599 2,055 2,452 172.5 —16.2 Stanton 431 7.542 6, 959 4,619 8.4 50.7 Thayer 578 14,775 14,325 12, 738 3.1 12. 5 716 1,191 628 517 89.6 21.5 Thureton .387 8,704 6,517 3, 170 33.6 105.2 Valley 570 9,480 7, 339 7,092 29.2 3. 5 Washington 380 12, 738 13,086 11,869 -2.7 10.3 450 10, 397 9,862 6, 169 11,210 5.4 59.9 W efxster 578 12,008 11,619 3.3 3.6 Wheeler 578 2,292 1,362 1,683 68.3 -19.1 York 575 18,721 18, 205 17, 279 2.8 5. 4 NEVADA 109,821 81,875 42,336 8 47,365 93.4 - 10.6 Churchill nn.rk-4 5,050 8,045 733 2,811 3, .321 1,895 830 703 238.7 18.1 Douglas 1.534 1,.551 23.5 -1. 1 Elko 17,0.59 8,133 5,688 4,794 43.0 “ 9. 5 Esmeralda 7,432 9,369 1,972 2,148 375.1 »-26. 4 ^ See headnote to table, page 32. “State total lnclude,s population (3, TIC) of Indian re.scrvallon.s specially cnu- mcratwl In 1890, not distributed by counties; al.so population (91) of Arthur County, annexed to McPherson County bolwoon 1890 and 1300. ’ A decreasoof less than one-tenth of 1 i)crcent. “State total includes population (I, .594) of Indian reservations specially eno* morated in 1890, not distributed by counties. POPULATION OF COUNTIES 43 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) tlenotes decrease.] Table 13 -Con. COUNTY. I.and area in square miles'. 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 NEVADA— Con. Eureka 4,157 1,830 1,954 3,275 -6.3 -40.3 Humboldt 15,857 6,825 4,403 3,434 52.9 30.0 Lander 5. 721 1,786 1,534 2,266 16.4 -32.3 Lincoln 1 10,511 3,489 3,284 2,466 6.2 2 27.6 Lyon 1,509 3,508 2,268 1,987 57.3 14.1 Nye 18,294 7,513 1,140 1,290 559.0 -11.6 Ormsby 156 3,415 2,893 4,883 18.0 -40.8 Storey 251 3,045 3,673 8,806 -17.1 -58.3 Washoe 6,251 17, 4,34 9,141 6,437 90.7 2 31.1 White Pine 8,795 7,441 1,961 1,721 279.4 13.9 N. HAMPSHIRE 9,031 430,572 411,588 376,530 4.6 9.3 Belknap 397 21,309 19, 526 20,321 9.1 -3.9 Carroll 955 16,316 16,895 18, 124 -3.4 -6.8 Cheshire 728 30, 659 31,321 29,579 -2.1 5.9 Coos 1,798 30,753 29,468 23,211 4.4 27.0 Grafton 1,729 41,652 40,844 37,217 2.0 9.7 Hillsborough 895 126,072 112,640 93,247 11.9 20.8 Merrimack 932 53,335 52,430 49, 435 1.7 6.1 Rockingham 691 52,188 51,118 49,650 2.1 3.0 Strafford 379 38,951 39,337 38,442 -1.0 2.3 Sullivan 527 19,337 18,009 17,304 7.4 4.1 NEW JERSEY.. 7,514 2,537,167 1,883,669 1,444,933 34.7 30.4 Atlantic 569 71,894 46,402 28, 836 54.9 60.9 Bergen 237 138,002 78,441 47, 226 75.9 66.1 Burlington' 815 66, 565 58,241 58,528 14.3 -0.5 Camden 222 142,029 107,643 87,687 31.9 22.8 Cape May 265 19,745 13,201 11,268 49.6 17.2 Cumberland 500 55,153 51,193 45,438 7.7 12.7 Essex 127 512,886 359,053 256,098 42.8 40.2 Gloucester 332 .37,368 31,905 28,649 17.1 11.4 Hudson 43 537,231 386,048 275, 126 39.2 40.3 Hunterdon 437 33,569 34,507 35,355 -2.7 -2.4 Mercer - 226 125,6.57 95,365 79,978 31.8 19.2 Middlesex 312 114, 426 79,762 61,754 43.5 29.2 Monmouth 479 94,734 82,057 69,128 15.4 18.7 Morris 475 74,704 65,156 54,101 14.7 20.4 Ocean' 637 21,318 19,747 15,974 8.0 23.6 Passaic 196 215,902 155, 202 105, 046 39.1 47.7 Salem 343 26.999 25, 530 25, 151 5.8 1.5 Somerset 305 38,820 32,948 28,311 17.8 16.4 Sussex 529 26, 781 24, 134 22, 2.59 11.0 8.4 Union 103 140,197 99, 353 72,467 41.1 37.1 Warren 362 43. 187 37,781 36,553 14.3 3.4 NEW MEXICO.. 122,503 327,301 195,310 3 160,282 67.6 21.9 Bernalillo' 1,214 23, 606 28,6.30 20,913 -17.5 2 33.4 Chaves' 9,408 16, 850 4.773 253.0 Colfax' 3,798 16, 460 10, 150 7,974 62.2 27.3 Curry 1 1,406 11,443 Dona Ana ' 3,821 12,893 10, 187 9, 191 26.6 10.8 Eddy' 6,923 12, 400 3,229 284.0 Grant' 7,428 14', 813 12,883 9, 657 15.0 33.4 Guadalupe' 3,987 10, 927 5,429 101.3 Lincoln '' 4,779 7^822 4,953 So o 57.9 -30.1 Luna' 2,976 3,913 McKinley' ^.. 5,506 12,963 Mora' 2,571 12,611 10,304 10,618 22.4 -3.6 Otero' 6,689 7,069 4,791 47.5 Quay! 2,905 14;912 Rio Arriba ' 5,871 16,624 13, 777 11,534 20.7 2 12.3 Roosevelt' 2,265 12,064 San Juan ' 5,476 8,504 4,828 i,896 76.1 2 63. 0 San Miguel ' 4,798 22,930 22,053 24,204 4.0 -8.9 Sandoval ' 3,871 8,579 Santa Fe ' 1,9 '3 14,770 14,658 13,562 0.8 8.1 Sierra 3,118 3,536 3, 158 3,630 12.0 -13.0 Socorro' 15,070 14,761 12, 195 9,595 21.0 27.1 Taos 2,252 12,008 10,889 9,868 10.3 10.3 Torrance' 3,369 1 10,219 Union' 5,3'0 11,404 4,528 151.9 Valencia' 5,659 ‘ 13,320 13,895 13,876 -4.1 0.1 t For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. ^ See headnote to table, page 32. 3 State total includes popuiAtion (6,6S9) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. COUNTY. I,and area in square miles: 1910 . POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1!H)0 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1!H)0 NEW YORK . . . . 47,654 9,113,614 7,268,894 '6,003,174 25.4 21.1 Albany 527 173, 666 165,571 164,555 4.9 0.6 Allegany 1,047 41,412 41,501 43,240 -0.2 -4.0 Broome 705 78, 809 09,149 62,973 14.0 9.8 Cattaraugus 1,343 65,919 65,643 00,860 0.4 M.6 Cayuga 703 67,106 60,234 65,302 1.3 1.4 Chautauqua 1,069 105, 120 88,314 75,202 19.0 a 17.4 Chemung' 407 54, 662 54,063 48,265 1.1 12.0 Chenango 894 35,575 36,568 37,770 -2.7 -3.2 Clinton 1,049 48, 230 47, 430 46, 437 1.7 2.1 Columbia 644 43, 658 43,211 46, 172 1.0 -6.4 Cortland 503 29, 249 27,576 28,657 6.1 -3.8 Delaware 1,449 45, 575 46, 413 45,496 -1.8 2.0 Dutchess 806 87,061 81,670 77, 879 7.3 4.9 Erie 1,034 528,985 433,686 322,981 22.0 2 33.9 Essex 1,836 33, 458 30, 707 33,052 9.0 -7.1 Franklin 1,678 45,717 42,853 38, 110 6.7 *9.2 Fulton 516 44, 534 42,842 37,650 3.9 13.8 Genesee 496 37, 615 34,561 33,265 8.8 2 2.9 Greene 643 30,214 31,478 31,598 -4.0 -0.4 Hamilton 1,700 4,373 4,947 4,762 -11.6 3.9 Herkimer 1,459 56,356 51,049 45, 608 10.4 11.9 Jefferson 1,274 80, 382 76,748 68,806 4.7 11.5 Kings 70 1,034,351 1,166,582 838,547 40.1 39.1 Lewis 1,270 24, 849 27,427 29,806 -9.4 -8.0 Livingston 631 38,037 37,059 37, 801 2.6 -2.0 Madison 650 39, 289 40,545 42,892 -3.1 -5.5 Monroe 663 283,212 217,854 189,586 30.0 14.9 Montgomery 398 57,567 47,488 45,699 21.2 3.9 274 83,930 55, 448 51.4 New York ' 63 2,702,522 2,050,600 1,515,301 34.7 35.3 Niagara 522 92,036 74,961 62, 491 22.8 2 19.4 Oneida 1,250 154, 157 132,800 122,922 16.1 8.0 Onondaga 781 200,298 168,735 146,247 18.7 2 15.0 Ontario 649 52, 286 49,605 48,453 5.4 2.4 Orange &34 116,001 103,859 97,859 11.7 0.1 Orleans 396 32,000 30, 164 30,803 6.1 -2.1 Oswego 966 71,664 70,881 71,883 1.1 -1.4 Otsego 1,009 47,216 48,939 50,861 -3.5 -3.8 Putnam 233 14,665 13,787 14,849 6.4 -7.2 Queens' 105 284,041 152,999 128,059 85.6 19.5 Rensselaer 663 122,276 121,697 124,511 0.5 -2.3 Richmond 48 85,969 67,021 51,693 28.3 29.7 Rockland 183 46,873 38,298 35,162 22. 4 8.9 St. Lawrence 2,701 89,005 89,083 85,048 -0.1 4.7 Saratoga 823 61,917 61,089 57,663 1.4 5.9 Schenectady 206 88,235 46,852 29,797 88.3 57.2 Schoharie 642 23,855 26,854 29,164 -11.2 -7.9 Schuyler 336 14,004 15,811 16,711 -11.4 -5.4 Seneca 336 26,972 28,114 28,227 -4.1 -0.4 Steuben 1,401 83,362 82,822 81,473 0.7 1.7 Suffolk 924 96, 138 77,582 62, 491 23.9 24.1 Sullivan 1.002 33,808 32,300 31,031 4.6 4.1 Tioga 520 25,624 27,951 29,935 -8.3 -6.6 Tompkins 476 33,647 33,830 32,923 -0.5 2.8 Ulster 1,140 91,769 88,422 87,062 3.8 1.6 Warren 879 32,223 29,943 27,866 7.6 7.5 Washington 837 47,778 45,624 45,690 4.7 -0.1 Wayne 599 50,179 48,660 49,729 3.1 -2.1 Westchester' 448 283,055 184,257 146,772 53.6 25.5 Wyoming 601 31,880 30,413 31,193 4.8 -2.5 Yates 343 18,642 20,318 21,001 -8.2 -3.3 N. CAROLINA. 48,740 2,206,287 1,893,810 51,617,949 16.5 17.1 Alamance 492 28,712 25,665 18,271 11.9 40.5 Alexander 289 11,592 10,960 9,430 5.8 16.2 Alleghany 234 7,745 7,759 6,523 -0.2 18.9 Anson 556 25,405 21,870 20,027 16.4 9.2 Ashe 427 19,074 19,581 15,628 -2.6 25.3 Beaufort 840 30,877 26,404 21,072 10.9 25.3 Bertie 703 23,039 20,538 19,176 12.2 7.1 Bladen 1,004 18,006 17,677 16,703 1.9 5.5 Brunswick 790 14,4.32 12,657 10,900 14.0 10.1 Buncombe 639 49,798 44,288 35,266 12.4 25.6 < State total includes population (5,321) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distril)Uted by counties. 6 State total includes population (2) specially enumerated in 1890 not credited to any county. 44 ABSTIIACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910 1900 AND 1890 — Continued. ’ ’ [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Tablo IS — Con. COUNTY. N. CAROLINA— Con. IJurke Cabarrus Caldwell Camden Carteret Caswell Catawba Chatham' Cherokee Chowan Clay Cleveland Colurnbas Craven Cumberland Ciu-rituck Dare Davidson Davie Duplin Durham Edgecombe Fonsyth Franklin Gaston Gates Graham Granville Greene Guilford Halifax Harnett Haywood Henderson Hertford Hyde Iredell Jackson John-ston Jones Lee • Lenoir Lincoln McDowell Macon Madison Martin Mecklenburg Mitchell Montgomery Moore'. Na.sh New Hanover Northampton Onslow Orange Pamlico Pasq^uotank Perquimans Person Pitt Polk Randolph Richmond' Robeson Rockingham Rowan Rutherford Sampson Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1910 liHiO 1890 1!H)0- 1910 1890- 1!K»0 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 N. CAROLINA— Con. ,534 21,408 17,099 14,939 21.0 18.5 Scotland ' 349 15,363 12,553 22. 4 390 20,240 22, 4.50 18,142 16.9 23.8 Stanly 416 19,909 1,5; 220 12,136 30.8 25. 4 20,579 15, 694 12,298 31.1 27.6 Stokes 480 20.151 19,866 17,199 1. 4 15.5 220 5, G40 ,5,474 5,667 3.0 -3.4 Surry 520 29,705 25. 515 19,281 16. 4 32.3 573 13,776 11,811 10,825 16.0 9.1 Swain 553 10,403 8,401 6,877 23.8 27,7 402 14,858 15,028 16,028 -1.1 -6.2 Transylvania 379 7,191 0,620 5,881 8.6 12.6 408 27,918 22, 133 18, 689 26.1 18.4 Tvrreil 390 5,219 4,980 4,225 4.8 17.9 690 22,035 23,912 25,413 -5.3 -5.9 Union 565 33,277 27,156 21,259 22.5 27.7 454 14,130 11,860 9,976 19.2 18.9 Vance 279 19,425 16,684 17,581 la 4 —5. 1 105 11,303 10,258 9,167 10.2 11.9 Wake 845 63,229 54,026 49; 207 15.7 11.0 220 3,909 4,532 4,197 -13.7 8.0 Warren 425 20,206 19,151 19,360 5.8 -1.1 488 29,494 25,078 20, 394 17.6 23.0 Washington 327 11,062 10,608 10,200 4.3 4.0 933 28,020 21,274 17,856 31.7 19.1 Watauga 342 13,556 13,417 10,611 1.0 26.4 600 25,. 594 24, 160 20,533 5.9 17.7 Wayne 615 35,698 31,356 26,100 13.8 20.1 1,013 35,284 29,249 27,321 20.6 7.1 Wilkes 735 30,282 26,872 22,675 12.7 18.5 292 7,093 (>,52y 6,747 17.8 -3.2 Wilson 384 28,209 23,596 18,644 19.8 26.6 377 4,841 4,757 3,768 1.8 26.2 Yadkin 324 15,428 14,083 13,790 9. 6 2. 1 5G9 29,404 23,403 21,702 25.6 7.8 Yancey 298 12,072 11,464 9,490 5.3 20. S 258 13,394 12,115 11,621 10.6 4.3 783 25,442 22, 405 18,090 13.6 19.9 N. DAKOTA.... 70,183 577,056 319,146 2 190,983 80.8 67.1 901 oa 509 32,010 20! 591 24,113 20.4 10.3 Adams 1 997 5, 407 376 47,311 35,261 28,434 34.2 24.0 Barnes 1,510 18,066 13, 159 7,045 37.3 86.8 468 24,692 25,116 21,090 -1.7 19.1 Benson 1,.364 12,681 8,320 2,400 52.4 "186.7 371 37,063 27,903 17,764 32.8 57.1 Billings' 3,404 10,186 975 170 944.7 473.5 Bottineau ■ 1,681 17,295 7,532 2,893 129.6 160.4 359 10,455 10.413 10,252 0.4 1.6 298 4,749 4,343 3,313 9.3 31. 1 Bowman J 1,104 4,608 6 503 25,102 23,203 24,484 7.9 —5.0 Burke i 1,113 9,064 252 13,083 12,038 10,039 8.7 19.9 Burleigh 1,651 13,087 6,081 4,247 115.2 43.2 691 60,497 39,074 28.052 54.8 39.3 Cass 1,763 33,935 28, 625 19,613 18.6 45.9 Cavalier 1,494 15,659 12,580 6, 471 24.5 94.4 076 37,646 30, 793 28,908 22.3 6.5 595 22, 174 15,988 13,700 38.7 16.7 Dickey 1,142 9,839 6,061 5,573 62.3 8.8 546 21,020 16,222 13,346 29.6 21.5 1,270 6,015 358 16,262 14,104 12.589 15.3 12.0 Dunni 2,0,84 5,302 159 341 15,436 14,294 13,851 8.0 3.2 Eddy 651 4,800 3,330 1,377 44.1 141.8 Emmons 1,563 9,796 4,349 1,971 125.2 120.6 617 8,840 9,278 8,903 -4.7 4.2 588 34,315 29.064 25,462 18.1 14. 1 Foster 644 5, 313 3,770 1,210 40.9 211.6 494 12,998 11,853 9.512 9.7 24.6 Grand Forks 1,433 27,888 24,459 18,357 14.0 33.2 094 41,401 32, 250 27,239 28.4 18.4 Griggs 717 6,274 4,744 2,817 32.3 68.4 417 8, 721 8,226 7.403 6.0 11. 1 1,132 6, 557 Kidder. 1,386 5; 962 1,754 1,211 239.9 44.8 261 11,376 397 22, 709 18,039 14,879 22.2 25.3 Lamoure 1,147 10,724 6,048 3,187 77.3 89.8 299 17,132 15,498 12,586 10.5 23.1 Logan 997 6, 168 1,625 597 279.6 172.2 443 13,538 12,567 10,939 7.7 14.9 McHenry ' 1,888 17,627 5,253 1,584 235.6 231.6 513 12, 191 12, 104 10, 102 0.7 19.8 McIntosh 1,003 7,251 4,818 3,248 50.5 48.3 2,847 5,720 3 436 20. 132 20.044 17,805 -2.5 15.9 438 17,797 15, 383 15,221 15.7 1.1 McLean ' 2,305 14,496 4,791 860 202.6 »341.(, .597 67,031 55,2(« 42,673 21.3 29.5 Mercer ■ 1,110 4,747 1,778 428 167.0 "306.1 371 17,245 15,221 12,807 13.3 IS. 8 Morton 4,742 25,289 ‘10,277 ^5,239 146.1 354.0 498 14,967 14,197 11,239 5. 4 26. 3 1,914 8,491 Nelson 981 10,140 7,316 4,293 38.6 70.4 639 17,010 23,622 20,479 -28.0 15.3 586 33,727 25, 478 20,707 32. 4 23.0 Oliver 720 3, .577 990 464 261.3 113.4 216 32,037 25, 785 24,026 24.2 7. 3 Pembina 1,117 14,749 17,869 14, .334 -17.5 24.7 504 22,323 21,150 21,242 5.5 -0. 4 Pierce' 1,055 9,740 4,765 905 104.4 426. 5 743 14,125 11,940 10,303 1& 3 15.9 Ramsey 1,205 1.5,199 9, 198 4,418 65.2 108.2 Ransom 800 10,345 6,919 5,393 49.5 28.3 390 15,064 14,690 14,948 2.5 -1.7 350 9,9G6 8,045 7, 146 23. 9 12. 6 S 99 7,840 223 16,693 13,660 10,748 22.2 27. i Richland 1 , 4,37 19,659 17,387 10,751 13.1 M.7 815 15.471 13,381 12,514 15. 6 6. 9 Rolette 918 9, .558 7,995 2,427 19.5 3130.8 252 11,054 10,091 9,293 9.5 8.0 Sargent 855 9.202 6,039 5,076 52.4 19.0 990 8,103 .391 17,356 16,685 15,151 4.0 10. 1 627 36,340 30,889 25,519 17.6 21.0 Stark' 1,3.50 12,504 7,621 2,304 64.1 2,30. 8 251 7,640 7,004 5,902 9. 1 IS. 7 Steele 717 7,616 5,888 3,777 29.3 55.9 803 29, 491 28,2,32 25, 195 4. 5 12. 1 Stutsman 2,282 18,189 9, 143 5,266 98.9 73.6 521 19,673 15,855 23,948 24.1 -33.8 Towner 1,037 8, 963 6, 491 1,450 38.1 347.7 Traill 865 12,545 13,107 10,217 -4.3 28.3 1,0.51 51,945 40, 371 31,483 28.7 28. 2 579 36,442 33, 163 25, ,363 9.9 30. 8 Walsh 1,282 19,491 20,288 16,587 -3.9 22.3 489 .37,, 521 31,060 24,123 20. 8 28.8 W’ ard ' 2,0,54 25,281 7,961 1,681 217.6 373.6 544 28,385 25, 101 18,770 13. 1 3.3. 7 Wells 1,293 11,814 8, .310 1,212 42.2 585.6 922 29,982 26,380 25,090 13.7 5. 1 Williams' 2,138 14,234 1,.530 830.3 ' For changes In boimdarics, etc., of counties, se.e page .53. " State total includes population (8,204) of Indian reserv'ations specially enu- n-icrated in 1890, not distrilnited by counties; pcmulation (87.5) of Buford and Flan- nery Counties, taken to form part of W illiams County between 1890 and 1900; and population (563) of Church, Garfield, Stevens, and Wallace Counties, and old Het- tinger, Mountraille, Renville, Sheridan, and Williams Counties, annexed to Botti- neau, Mcl.can, McHenry, Pierce, Ward, Stark, and Mercer Counties between 1890 and 1900. * See headnote to table, page 32. ‘Includes population (2,208) of part ol Standing Rock Indian Re.scrvation, not returned by cxjuntie.s in 1900. ‘ Includes population (511) ol Fort Yates and Standing Rock Indian Agency. POPULATION OF COUNTIES 45 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base isfle.s3 than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Land area In square miles: 191U POPULATION . PKR CENT OF INCREASE . COUNTY . Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION . PER CENT OF INCREASE . 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 1910 1900 1890 1!)00- 1910 IS'H)- 1!)00 40,740 4,767,121 4,167,545 ‘3,672,329 11.7 13.2 OHIO— Con. 546 24,755 26,328 26,093 - 6.0 0.9 Licking 669 55,590 47,070 43, 279 18.1 8.8 406 56,580 47,976 40,644 17.9 18.0 Logan 451 30,084 30, 420 27,386 - 1.1 11.1 421 22,975 21,184 22,223 8.5 - 4.7 Lorain 497 70,037 54,857 40,295 38.6 36.1 723 69,547 51,448 43,655 15.7 17.9 Lucas 342 192,728 153, 559 102, 296 25.5 50.1 487 47,798 38,730 35,194 23.4 10.0 Madison 497 19,902 20, 590 20,057 - 3.3 2.7 397 31,246 31,192 28, 100 0.2 11.0 Mahoning 427 116,151 70, 134 55,979 65.6 25.3 530 76,856 f 4),875 57,413 26.3 6.0 Marion 409 33,971 28,078 24,727 18.5 16.0 481 24,832 28, 237 29,899 - 12.1 — 5. 6 Medina 435 23,598 21,958 21,742 7.5 1.0 452 70,271 56,870 48,597 23.6 17.0 Meigs 412 25,594 28,620 29,813 - 10.6 - 4.0 387 15,761 16,811 17,500 - 0.2 - 4.3 Mercer 450 27,536 28,021 27,220 - 1.7 2.9 421 26,351 26,042 26,980 - 1.1 - 1.3 Miami 408 45,047 43, 105 39, 754 4.5 8.4 407 66 , 4.35 58,939 52,277 12.7 12.7 Monroe 448 24,244 27,031 25, 175 - 10.3 7.4 465 29,551 31,610 33,553 - 6.5 - 5.8 Montgomery 455 103,763 130, 146 100,852 25.8 29.0 411 23,680 24,202 24,240 - 2.2 - 0.2 Morgan 402 16,097 17.905 19,143 - 10.1 - 6.5 534 76,619 68,590 69,029 11.7 16.2 Morrow 403 16,815 17, 879 18, 120 -6.0 - 1.3 558 30, 121 29,337 26,703 2. 7 9.9 Muskingum 604 57,488 53, 185 51,210 8.1 3.9 409 34,036 33,915 31,927 0.4 6.2 Noble 399 18,601 19,466 20, 753 - 4.4 - 6.2 463 637,425 439,120 309,970 45.2 41.7 Ottawa 270 22,360 22,213 21,974 0.7 1.1 586 42,933 42,532 42,961 0.9 - 1.0 Paulding 413 22, 730 27, 528 25,932 - 17.4 6.2 405 24,498 26,387 25,769 - 7.2 2.4 Perry 399 35,396 31,841 31,151 11.2 2.2 445 27,182 26,401 27,189 3.0 - 2.9 Pickaway 490 26,158 27,016 26,959 - 3.2 0.2 256 38,327 37,650 35,462 1.8 6.2 Pike 428 15,723 18, 172 17,482 - 13.5 3.9 495 39,201 34,259 33,939 14.4 0.9 Portage 521 30,307 29,246 27,868 3.6 4.9 413 21,744 21,725 22,309 0.1 - 2.6 Preble 416 23,834 23,713 23,421 0.5 1.2 517 221,567 164,460 124,087 34.7 32.5 Putnam 482 29,972 32,525 30, 188 - 7.8 7.7 405 23,914 22,801 22,023 4.9 3.5 Richland 503 47,667 44,289 38,072 7.6 16.3 449 25,745 27,918 27,005 - 7.8 3.4 Ross 668 40 , 01)9 40,940 39, 454 - 2.1 3.8 416 14,070 14,744 13, 489 - 0.5 9.3 Sandusky 413 35, 171 34,311 30,617 2.5 12.1 415 29,733 31,613 29,820 - 5.9 6.0 Scioto 623 48, 403 40,981 35,377 18.3 15.8 518 42,716 34,425 28,645 24.1 20.2 Seneca 550 1 42,421 41, 163 40,869 3.1 0.7 407 460,732 409,479 374,573 12.5 9.3 Shelby 413 24,663 24,625 24,707 0.2 - 0.3 535 37,860 41,993 42,563 - 9.8 - 1.3 Stark 566 122,987 94, 747 84,170 29.8 12.6 473 30,407 31,187 28,939 - 2.5 7.8 Summit 408 108,253 71,715 54,089 50.9 32.6 401 19,076 20,486 20,830 - 6.9 - 1.7 Trumbull 633 52,766 46,591 42,373 13.3 10.0 414 25, 119 27,282 25,080 - 7.9 8.8 Tuscarawas 555 57,035 53, 751 46,618 6.1 15.3 549 28,711 30,982 29,048 - 7.3 6.7 Union 440 21,871 22,342 22,860 - 2.1 - 2.3 411 23,650 24,398 22 , 6.58 - 3.1 7.7 Van Wert 406 29,119 30,394 29,671 - 4.2 2.4 418 17,909 19,511 21,139 - 8.2 - 7.7 Vinton 412 13,096 15,330 16,045 - 14.6 - 4.5 494 34,206 32,330 31,949 5.8 1.2 Warren 413 24,497 25,584 25,468 - 4.2 0.5 404 30,791 34,248 28,408 - 10.1 20.6 Washington 630 45,422 48,245 42,380 - 5.9 13.8 407 65,423 44,357 39,415 47.5 12.5 Wayne 557 38,058 37,870 39,005 0.5 - 2.9 513 30, 181 27,768 27,600 8.7 0.0 Williams 411 25, 198 24,953 24, 897 1.0 0.2 241 22,927 21,680 18,235 5.8 18.9 Wood 612 46,330 51,555 44,392 - 10.1 16.1 443 39,488 39,534 39,550 - 0.1 - 0.1 Wj'andot 1 406 20, 760 21,125 21,722 - 1.7 - 2.7 ■Tablo 13— Con. OHIO. Adams Allen Ashland. . . Ashtabula. Athens Auglaize. Belmont. Brown... Butler.. . Carroll. . . Delaware. Erie Fairfield. . Fayette... Franklin.. Fulton <3allia Geauga... Greene Guernsey. Hamilton. Hancock. . Hardin. . . Harrison . . Henry Highland. Hocking. . Holmes. . . Huron Jackson... Jefferson . . Knox Hake Dawrence. COUNTY. Champaign.. Clark Clermont Clinton Columbiana. Coshocton . Crawford . . Cuyahoga. Darke Defiance... OEH.AHOMA Adairs Alfalfas Atoka s Beavers Beckhams Blaines Bryan s Caddos Canadians Carters Cherokee s Choctaws Cimarron s Cleveland Coals Comanche s Craigs Creeks Custers Delawares Dewey s Elliss Garfields Garvins Grady* Land area in square miles: 1910 69,414 584 867 997 1,813 917 931 928 1,377 891 831 791 790 1,849 554 525 1,726 757 962 998 794 989 1,218 1,061 821 1,024 POPULATION. 1910 1,657,155 10,535 18, 138 13, 808 13,631 19,699 17,960 29,854 35,685 23, 501 25,358 16,778 21,862 4,553 18,843 15,817 41, 489 17, 404 26, 223 23,231 11, 469 14, 132 15,375 33 , 0.50 26, 545 30,309 1907 21,414,177 9,115 16,070 12,113 13.364 17,758 17,227 27,865 30, 241 20, 110 26,402 14,274 17,340 5,927 18, 460 15,585 31,738 14,955 18.365 18,478 9,876 13,329 13,978 28,300 22, 787 23,420 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1900 1890 3 790,391 <258,657 3, 051 2,674 10,658 15,981 7, 158 16,388 6,605 12, 264 8,819 22,076 1907- 1910 17.3 15.6 12.9 14.0 2.0 10.9 4.3 7.1 18.0 16.9 - 4.0 17.5 26.1 - 23.2 2.1 1.5 30.7 16.4 42.8 25.7 16.1 6.0 10.0 16.8 16.5 29.4 1900- 1910 109.7 346.8 68.5 47.1 15.0 89.4 00.2 49.7 OKLAHOMA — Con. Grant* Greer* Harmons Harpers Haskells Hughes s Jacksons Jeffersons Johnstons Kays Kingfisher Kiowa s I.atimer* Le Flore* Lincoln * Logan Love* McClain* McCurtain*... McIntosh* Major* Marshal!* Mayes* Murray* Muskogee* Land area in square miles: 1910 994 644 548 1,033 615 855 778 767 058 934 890 1,179 735 1,014 959 739 496 502 1,897 601 937 419 676 424 814 POPULATION. 1910 18,760 16,449 11,328 8,189 18,875 24, 040 23, 737 17, 430 16, 734 26,999 18,825 27,526 11,321 29, 127 34,779 31,740 10, 236 15,659 20, 681 20, 901 15,248 11,019 13,596 12,744 52,743 1907 17,638 23,624 1900 8,089 16,865 19,945 17,087 13, 439 18, 672 24, 757 18,010 22,247 9,340 24, 678 37,293 30,711 11,134 12,888 13, 198 17,975 14,307 13,144 11,004 11,948 37,467 17, 273 17,922 1890 PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1907- 1910 22, 530 18,501 27,007 20,563 5,338 8,332 12, 770 6.4 - 30.4 1.2 11.9 20.5 38.9 29.7 - 10.4 9.1 4.6 23.7 21.2 18.0 - 6.7 3.4 - 8.1 21.5 56.7 10.6 6.6 - 11.6 22.9 6.7 40.8 1900- 1910 8.6 - 8.2 19.8 1.8 28.8 19.5 1 State total includes population (13) specially enumerated in 1890, not distrib- uted by counties. 2 Special census of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, taken as of July 1, 1907, by order of the President. * State total includes jiopulation (13,873) of Kaw, Kiowa, Comanche and Apache, Osage, and Wichita Indian Reservations; population (2,173) of Day County, part taken to form part of Ellis County In 1907 and part annexed to Roger Mil's County since 1900; and population (392,060) of Indian Territory, not returned by counties in 1900. s State total includes population (16.641) of that part of Oklahoma, and popu- lation (180,182) of Indian Territory, specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. s For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 46 ABSTRACT OF THF CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900 AND 1890 — Continued. ’ [I’or cent not shown where l)ase is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tabic 13-Con. OKLAHOMA— Con. Noble* Nowata* Okfuskee* Oklahoma Okmulgee I Osage* Ottawa* Pawnee* Payne' Pittsburg* Pontotoc* Pottawatomie*. Pu.shmataha * . . Land area in square miles: PJIO 734 580 0‘2:i 717 079 2,277 477 584 078 1,370 728 793 1,430 POPULATION. 1910 14,945 14,223 19,905 85,232 21,115 20, 101 15,713 17,332 23, 735 47,050 24,331 43,595 10,118 1907 14, 198 10,453 15,595 65, 849 14,302 15,332 12,827 17,112 22,022 37,077 23,057 43, 272 8, 295 1900 14,015 2,5,915 12, 300 20,909 1890 11,742 7,215 PEK CENT OF INCREASE. 190U 1910 5.3 30. 1 28.2 52. 0 47.0 31.1 22.5 1.3 7.8 20.5 .5.5 0.7 22.0 1900- 1910 0.0 228.9 40.2 13.5 05. 1 COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 OKLAHOMA— Con. Roger Mills* .. . 1,1.35 Rogers* 730 Seminole* 03.3 Sequoyah* 693 Stephens* 897 Texas* 2,065 'I'iUman * 733 Tulsa* 565 Wagoner* 545 Washington* ... 425 Washita* 1,000 Woods* 1,255 Woodward * 1,233 POPULATION. 1910 12,801 17,736 19,904 25,005 22,252 14,249 18,050 34,995 22,086 17,484 25,034 17,567 16, 592 1907 13,2.39 15,485 14,087 22, 499 20, 148 16. 448 12,869 21,693 19,529 12,813 22,007 15,517 14, 595 1900 6,190 15,001 34,975 7,409 1890 PEE CENT OF INCREASE. 1907- 1910 -2.9 14.5 35.9 11. 1 10.4 -13.4 44.9 61.3 13.1 36.5 13.8 13.2 13.7 1900- 1910 107.8 oa9 -49.8 122.1 COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 IfKK) ISiM) 1900- 1910 1890- ISMIO 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 LS90- liKM) OREGON 95,607 672,765 413,536 2 317,704 62.7 ■ 30.2 PENNSYLVANIA — Ccn. Baker* 3,000 18,076 15, 597 6,764 15.9 1.30. 6 601 36,638 34,283 36,802 6.9 -6.8 Benton* 688 10,663 6,706 8,650 59.0 -22.5 1,142 93', 768 80,614 69; 565 16.3 15.9 Clackamas 1 , 864 29,931 19,658 15,233 52.3 29.0 '878 31,545 29,197 28! 685 8.0 1.8 821 leiioo 12,765 10,016 26.2 27.4 479 48! 467 39,896 36,832 21.5 8.3 Columbia 662 10 i 580 6,237 5,191 69.6 20.2 1,038 Gbses C3;643 65; 324 -3.3 -2.6 1,628 17,959 10, 324 8,874 74.0 16.3 528 54,479 50,344 47,271 8.2 6.5 Crook * 7,778 9i315 3i964 3,244 135.0 35.1 521 1.36, 152 114; 443 %,977 19.0 18.0 Curry 1.498 2,044 1,868 1,709 9.4 9.3 185 117,906 94; 762 74,683 24.4 26.9 Douglas 4,922 19,674 14, 565 11,864 35.1 22.8 Elk 806 35; 871 32,903 22,239 9.0 48.0 1,201 3,701 3,201 3,600 15.6 -11.1 781 115,517 98, 473 86, 074 17.3 14.4 Grant*. 4,520 5,607 5,948 5.080 —5.7 17.1 795 167, 449 110,412 80,006 51.7 38.0 9, 933 4,059 2,598 2,559 56.2 1.5 423 9, 435 11,039 8, 482 -14.5 30.1 Hood River* 543 8i016 751 59,775 54, 902 51,433 8.9 6.7 2,830 25,756 13,698 11,455 88.0 19.6 402 9,703 9.924 10, 137 —2.2 -2.1 Josephine 9,567 7^517 4,878 27.3 54.1 674 28,882 28,281 28; 935 2.1 -2.3 Klamath 5,999 8,554 3,970 2,444 115.5 3 16.0 918 38,304 34, 650 35,751 10.5 -3.1 Lake 7,920 4^658 2^847 2, 604 63.6 9.3 829 66, 210 42,556 42, 175 55.6 0.9 Lane 4,612 33,783 19,004 15, 198 72.3 29.0 666 63, 090 59, 113 44,005 6.7 34.3 Lincoln* 1,008 5, 587 3,575 56.3 392 15,013 16,0.54 16, 655 -G.5 -3.6 2, 243 22) 662 18, 603 16,265 21.8 14.4 259,570 193,831 142,088 33.9 36.4 Malheur 9,883 8,601 4,203 2,601 104.6 61.6 941 167,029 159, 241 149,095 4.9 6.8 Marion lT94 39^780 27,713 22,934 43.5 20.8 360 70, 032 57,042 37,517 22.8 52.0 2^025 4; 357 4,151 4,205 5.0 — 1.3 360 53,827 48, 131 10.7 11.8 Multnomah 451 226,261 103,167 74,884 119.3 .37.8 344 118,8.32 93,893 76,631 26.6 22.5 Polk 709 13,469 9,923 7,858 35.7 324.3 ■ 892 343, 186 257, 121 201,203 33.5 27.8 Sherman* 836 4,242 3,477 1,792 22.0 94.0 1,220 80,813 75,663 70,579 6.8 7.2 Tillamook * 1,125 6,266 4^471 2,932 40. 1 52.5 '987 47,868 51,343 46,863 -6.8 9.6 Umatilla 3 173 20,309 18,049 13,381 12.5 324.4 700 77,699 57,387 55,744 35.4 2.9 Union* 2,087 le^ioi 16! 070 12! 044 0.8 33.4 398 27,785 23,160 19,996 20.0 15.8 3,145 8,364 5,538 3,661 51.0 51.3 623 22, 941 21,161 20,111 8.4 5.2 Wasco* 2,343 16,336 13,199 9,183 23.8 3 40.7 484 169,590 138, 995 123,290 22.0 12.7 Washington 731 21,522 14! 407 11,972 48.8 20.8 130 14,868 15, 526 15, 645 -4.2 -0.8 1,704 2', 484 2,443 1.7 372 127, 667 99, 687 84, 220 28.1 18.4 Yamhill '714 18,285 13; 420 10,692 36.3 3 23.2 N orthumberland 454 111,420 90,911 74, 698 22.6 21.7 Perry 564 24,136 26, 263 26, 276 -8.1 (“) Philadelphia 133 1,549,008 1,293,697 1,046.964 19.7 23.6 PENNSYLVANIA. 44,832 7,665,m 6,302,115 <5,258,113 21.6 19.9 Pike 544 8,033 8,766 9,412 -8.4 -6.9 1 071 99 799 30 621 22. 778 —2.9 34.4 Adams 528 34,319 34,496 33, 486 —0. 5 3.0 ’777 207,894 172, 927 154, 163 20.2 12.2 Allegheny 725 1,018| 463 775! 058 551,959 31.4 40.4 311 16,800 17,304 17,651 -2 9 -2.0 Armstroiig 653 67; 880 52; 551 46; 747 29.2 12.4 429 78. 353 56, 432 50,077 38.8 12. 7 Somerset 1,034 67, 717 49, 461 37,317 36.9 32. 5 1,026 38,879 39; 468 38,644 — 1.5 2. 1 458 11,293 12, 134 11,620 -6.9 4.4 Su.squehanna 824 37, 746 40,043 40,093 -5.7 -0.1 Berks 865 183, 222 159,615 137, 327 14.8 16.2 1,142 42,829 49, 086 52,313 -12.7 —0.2 Blair 534 108i8.58. 8.5; 099 70; 866 27.9 20. 1 1,145 54, 526 59, 403 59, 233 —8.2 0.3 305 16,249 17,592 17,820 -7.6 — 1.3 Bucks 'G08 76] 530 71, 190 70, 615 7.5 0.8 Venango 661 56,359 49,648 46,640 13.5 a 4 790 72,089 56; 962 55, 339 27.6 2. 9 W aiTon 902 39, 573 38,946 37,585 1.6 »3.4 Wa,shington 862 143,680 92, 181 71,155 55.9 29.5 Cambria 717 166, 131 104,837 GO, .375 58.5 57.9 392 7,644 7,048 7,238 8.5 —2.6 Wayne 7,39 29,236 30,171 31,010 -3.1 —2.7 406 52, 846 44,510 38^624 18.7 15.2 Westmoreland 1,0,39 231,304 160, 175 112,819 44.4 42.0 1,146 43,424 42, 894 43! 269 1.2 —0. 9 397 15. 509 17,1.52 15,891 -9.G 7.0 Che.ster 777 109; 213 95; 695 89,377 14.1 7.1 York 903 136, 405 116,413 99, 489 17.2 17.0 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (3,9.37) of Indian reservations Bpeclally enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 3 See headnote to table, page 32. ' State, total includes population (99) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. S’ A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 47 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base la less than 100. A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land area in square miles; 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 RHODE ISLAND. 1,067 542,610 428,556 345,506 26.6 24.0 Bristol 24 17,602 13, 144 11, 428 33.9 1.5.0 Kent 174 36,378 29,976 26,754 21.4 12.0 Newport 114 39,335 32,599 28,552 20.7 14.2 Providence 430 424,353 328,683 255,123 29.1 28.8 Washington 325 24,942 24, 154 23,649 3.3 2.1 S. CAROLINA. .. 30,495 1,515,400 1,340,316 1,151,149 13.1 16.4 Abbeville ' 678 34,804 33,400 46,854 4.2 -28.7 Aiken 1,100 41,849 39,032 31,822 7.2 22.7 Anderson 758 69,568 55,728 43,696 24.8 27.5 371 18, 544 17,296 7.2 Barnweli" 890 34, 209 35,504 44,613 -3.6 -20.4 Beaufort 920 30,355 35, 495 34,119 -14.5 4.0 Berkeley* 1,238 23,487 30, 454 55,428 -22.9 -45.1 391 16, 634 Charleston' 685 88, 594 88,006 59,903 0.7 46.9 373 26, 179 21,359 22.6 Chester 592 29,425 28, 616 26,660 2.8 7.3 Chesterfield 837 26,301 20,401 18, 468 28.9 10.5 Clarendon 717 32,188 28,184 23,233 14.2 21.3 Colleton' 1,333 35,390 33, 452 40,293 5.8 -17.0 Darlington' 605 36,027 32,388 29, 134 11.2 11.2 471 22, 615 613 17,891 16, 294 9.8 Edgefield' TOO 28,281 25', 478 49,259 11.0 -48.3 Fairfield 792 29,442 29,425 28,599 0.1 2.9 Florence' 607 35,671 28,474 25,027 25.3 13.8 Georgetown 828 22,270 22,846 20,857 -2.5 9.5 Greenville 761 68,377 53,490 44,310 27.8 20.7 508 34, 225 28,343 20.8 Hampton 958 25, 126 23,738 20,544 5.8 15.5 Horry 1,158 26,995 23,364 19,256 15.5 21.3 Kershaw' 673 27,094 24,696 22,361 9.7 10.4 Lancaster 515 26,650 24,311 20,761 9.6 17.1 Laurens 690 41,550 37,382 31,610 11.1 18.3 407 25,318 Lexington' 833 32; 040 27,264 22, 181 17.5 22.9 Marion' 529 20,596 35, 181 29,976 -41.5 17.4 Marlboro 519 31,189 27,639 23,500 12.8 17.6 Newberry' 601 34,586 30, 182 26,434 14.6 14.2 Oconee 650 27,337 23,634 18,687 15.7 26.5 Orangeburg' 1,131 55,893 59,663 49,393 -6.3 20.8 Pickens 529 2.5,422 19,375 16,389 31.2 18.2 Richland 611 55,143 45,589 36,821 21.0 23.8 Saluda* 435 20,943 18,966 10.4 Spartanburg' 765 83,465 65,560 55,385 27.3 18.4 Sumter' 574 38,472 51,237 43, 605 -24.9 17.5 Union' 492 29,911 25,501 25,363 17.3 0.5 Williamsburg ' 1,006 37, 626 31,685 27, 777 18.8 14.1 York' 651 47,718 41,684 38,831 14.5 7.3 SOUTH DAKOTA. 76,868 583,888 2 401,570 3 348,600 45.4 15.2 Armstrong 1,419 647 8 34 Aurora. . .” 719 6.143 4,011 5,045 53.2 -20.5 Beadle 1,250 15,776 8,081 9,586 95.2 -15.7 Bennett* 1,291 <96 Bonhomme '573 11,061 10,379 9,057 6.6 14.6 Brookings 791 14, 178 12,561 10, 132 12.9 24.0 Brown 1,750 25,867 15,286 16,855 69.2 - 9.3 Brule 837 6,451 5,401 6,737 19.4 -19.8 Buffalo 479 1,589 1,790 993 -11.2 6 -32. 8 Butte' 2,289 4,993 2,907 1,0.37 71.8 180.3 Campbell 774 5,244 4,527 3,510 15.8 29.0 Charles Mix 1,134 14,899 8,498 4,178 75.3 103.4 Clark 974 10,901 6,942 6,728 57.0 3.2 Clay 403 8,711 9,316 7,509 -6.5 24.1 Codington 701 14,092 8, 770 7,037 60.7 24.6 Corson' 2,626 2, 929 Custer 1,573 4,458 2,728 4,891 63.4 -44.2 Davison 432 11,625 7,483 5,449 55.4 37.3 Day 1,061 14,372 12,254 9,168 17.3 33.7 Deuel 632 7,768 6,656 4.574 16.7 45. 5 Dewey 1,907 1,145 («) («) > For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (9,216) of Cheyenne River and Rosebud In- dian Reservations and part of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, not returned by counties in 1900. 3 State total includes population 09,792) specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties; also population 0,351) of Choteau, Ewing, Harding, Martin, Delano, ScobOT, Jackson, Ziebach, Nowlin, Pratt, Presho, and old Todd Counties, annexed to Butte, Meade, Stanley, Lyman, Gregory, and Pennington Counties between 1890 and 1900. * Exclusive of population of part in Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, not re- turned by coimties. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1919 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 IIKM)- 1910 1890- 1900 SOUTH DAKOTA — Con. Douglas Edmunds Fall River Faulk Grant Gregory' Hamlin Hand Hanson 435 1,158 1,756 1,018 691 1,032 520 1,426 432 2,682 7.59 817 866 531 814 562 797 574 2,625 573 1,157 889 3,491 1,228 568 815 527 2,792 2,914 898 1,111 576 836 964 1,511 4,1.56 249 1,058 1,279 1,629 617 452 742 1,146 1,157 523 (') 41,687 6,400 7,654 7,763 6,716 10,303 13,061 7,475 7,870 6,237 4,228 6,271 12,319 3,307 5,120 12,560 10.711 19, 694 12.712 10,848 9,589 6,791 8,021 12,640 1,700 7,661 29,631 8,695 12,453 11,348 4,466 14,897 6, 607 292 («) 15,981 14,975 252 2,462 2, 164 8,323 13,840 10,670 6,488 (') (') 13,135 0,607 2,184,789 5,012 4,916 3,541 3,547 9,103 2,211 5,94.5 4,525 4,947 4,600 4,399 4,478 4,002 6,814 295 4,625 0,546 4,267 27.7 55.7 119.2 89.3 13.2 490.7 25.7 73.9 26.1 9.0 11.8 -20.9 -12.7 33.6 649.5 28.5 -.30,0 15.'9 Hughes Hutchinson Hyde Jerauld Kingsbury Lake Lawrence Lincoln Lyman' McCook McPherson Marshall Meade' 3,684 11.897 1,492 2,798 9,866 9,137 17.897 12,101 2,632 8,689 6,327 5,942 4,907 5,044 10, 409 1,860 3,605 8,502 7,508 11,673 9, 143 233 6,448 5,940 4,544 4,640 70.2 3.5 121.6 83.0 27.3 17.2 10.0 4.5 312.2 10.4 7.3 35.0 157.6 -27.0 13.6 -19.8 -22.4 15.2 21.7 53.3 33.0 6 807.7 34.8 6.5 30.8 5.8 Miner Minnehaha Moody Pennington ' 5,864 23,926 8,326 5,610 5,165 21,879 5,941 6,540 30.6 23.8 4.4 122.0 13.5 9.4 40.1 -14.2 Potter Roberts Sanborn 2,988 12,216 4,464 (U («) 9,487 1.341 (0 1,715 2,910 1,997 4.610 10.581 1,028 96 2,412 49.5 21.9 48.0 2.7 511.7 -3.2 Spink Stanley' 08.5 1,016.7 -10.3 30.4 Sully 43.6 -28.9 Turner Union' Walworth Washabaugh 13,175 11,153 3.839 (') (') 12,649 6,827 2,020,616 10,256 9, 1.30 2.153 (') 40 10,444 5.0 -4.3 69.0 28.5 22.2 78.3 Yankton Pine Ridge Indian 3.8 -3.2 8.1 21.1 TENNESSEE 1,767,518 14.3 .\nderson 337 17,717 17,034 15. 128 0.5 16.6 Bedford 514 22,667 23, 845 24,739 -4.9 -3.6 Benton 4.56 12,452 11.888 11,230 4.7 5.9 Bledsoe 391 6,329 6,626 6,134 -4.5 8.0 Blount 571 20,809 19,206 17,589 8.3 9.2 Bradley 336 16,330 15,759 13,007 3.7 15.8 Campbell 464 27,387 17,317 13, 486 58.2 28.4 Cannon 268 10,825 12,121 12,197 -10.7 -0.6 Carroll 619 23, 971 24,250 23,630 -1.2 2.6 Carter 353 19,838 10,688 13,389 18.9 24.6 Cheatham 314 10,540 10,112 8,845 4.2 14.3 Chester 313 9,090 9,896 9,069 -8.1 9.1 Claiborne 468 23,504 20, 696 15, 103 13.6 37.0 Clay 254 9,009 8,421 7,260 7.0 10.0 Cocke 427 19,399 19, 153 16,523 1.3 15.9 Coffee 443 15,625 15,574 13,827 0.3 12.6 Crockett 267 16,070 15, 867 15,146 1.3 4.8 Cumberland 655 9,327 8,311 5,376 12.2 54.6 Davidson 511 149,478 122, 815 108,174 21.7 13.5 Decatur 288 10,093 10,439 8,995 -3.3 10.1 Dekalb 311 15,434 16,460 15, 650 -6.2 5.2 Dickson 549 19,955 18,635 13,045 7.1 36.6 Dyer 500 27, 721 23,776 19.878 16.6 19.6 Fayette 618 30,257 29,701 28,878 1.9 2.8 Fentress 486 7,446 6,106 5,226 21.9 16.8 6 See headnote to table, page 32. » Not returned separately. J For 1910 comprises the unorganized counties of Shannon and Washington, and parts of Bennett and Washabaugh, for which the population was not returned separately. 8 Total land area within the limits of Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, 4,374 square miles, comprismg Shannon, Washington, and parts of Bennett and Wash- abaugh Counties, included under the respective counties. 48 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Table 115— Con. roUNTY. Land area in POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 miles: 1910 1910 1900 1890 IDOO- 1910 1890- 1900 TENNESSEE— Con. 575 20,491 41,630 32, 629 13,888 20,392 39,408 33,035 18,929 35, 859 34,957 13, 196 0.5 7.7 TEXAS~Con. Armstrong 903 g:i3 5.6 9.9 Atascosa 1,368 728 028 -1.2 —5.5 Austin 307 15, 512 30,596 7,802 12, 728 61, 695 -10.5 17.6 Bailey 1,030 983 013 3i;083 8,322 26,614 6,345 11,418 1.0 15.0 Bandera 375 6.7 23.0 867 158 is^eso 89, 267 10,778 7.2 11.5 Baylor 880 409 53,482 44.7 15.4 856 228 11, 147 22, 976 lO; 342 -3.3 7.8 Beil 1,083 1,263 097 23,011 17,521 23,587 25,910 17,030 25, 434 21,029 0.2 9.3 Bexar Hardin 582 19,246 24, 207 17, 698 -9.0 8.7 Blanco 750 IIa\vkins 482 22,246 -2.8 9.1 Borden 895 508 25, 189 18,117 24,208 16,367 6,476 13,398 15,039 23,558 16,336 21,070 14, 499 2.9 6.9 Bosq^ue 975 -6.0 10.9 873 Henry 026 5.1 14.9 1,340 597 Hickman 570 16,527 1.0 12.9 Brazos 197 6,224 5,390 11,720 —3.9 20.1 5,935 Humphreys 13,908 15,036 5,210 3.8 14.3 '903 301 13, 325 (2) -3.6 12.9 956 105 5,407 18,590 4, 903 10.3 684 Jefferson 312 17, 755 13, 191 94, 187 16, 478 8,858 -4.5 12.8 Burnet. 974 1 Johnson 294 10, 589 24.6 19.5 Caldwell 511 Knox 504 74, 302 59,557 26.8 24.8 Calhoun... 563 Lake 122 8, 704 21,105 7,368 21,971 5,304 18.1 38.9 Callahan. . 854 456 18, 756 12,286 2,555 -3.9 17.1 2, 434 207 Lawrence 611 17,569 6,033 25,908 15,402 • 4,455 26, 304 14.1 25.4 Lewis 1 286 35.4 74.4 893 Lincoln 587 27, 382 -1.5 -3.9 Cass 951 Loudon 219 13,612 21,046 16,356 14,559 10,838 9,273 25.6 16.9 896 McMinn 432 19, 163 17,890 15,510 10, 878 9.8 7.1 618 McNairy 588 17,760 -7.9 14.5 1,049 Macon 286 12,881 36, 333 13.0 18.4 733 Madison 552 39,357 30, 497 8.3 19.1 Clay 1,158 869 Marion 504 18,820 17,281 15,411 8.9 12.1 Marshall 378 16, 872 40,456 6,131 20,716 33, 672 18,763 18, 906 -10.1 -0.8 Coke. . . . 931 Maury 582 42,703 38,112 6,930 15,329 29, 697 —5.3 12.0 1,290 Meigs 199 7,491 18,585 36,017 -18.2 8.1 '878 Monroe Montgomery 673 516 11.5 -6.5 21.2 21.3 Collingsworth 898 972 Moore 141 4,800 11,458 5,706 9,587 5,975 -15.9 -4.5 559 Morgan 529 7,639 19.5 25. 5 948 Obion 552 29, 946 28, 286 27, 273 5.9 3.7 918 Overton 446 15,854 13, 353 12,039 18.7 10.9 902 Perry ‘ 487 8,815 8,800 7,785 0.2 13.0 1,085 Pickett 162 5,087 5,366 11,357 4,736 8,361 13, 683 -5.2 13.3 1,012 Polk 432 14,116 24.3 35.8 878 Putnam 404 20, 023 16,890 18.5 23.4 3,215 Rhea 365 15,410 14,318 12, 647 7.6 13.2 870 Roane 388 22,860 22,738 17,418 0.5 30.5 1,532 Robertson 455 25,466 25,029 20,078 1.7 24.7 859 Rutherford 014 33, 199 12, 947 33, 543 35,097 -1.0 -4.4 903 Scott 550 11,077 9,794 16.9 13.1 879 Sequatchie 264 4,202 3, 326 3,027 26.3 9.9 1,549 261 Sevier 587 22, 296 22, 021 18, 761 1.2 17.4 Shelby 801 191,439 153,557 112, 740 24.7 36.2 952 Smith 296 18, 548 19, 026 18, 404 -2.5 3.4 881 Stewart 449 14,860 15,224 12, 193 -2.4 24.9 1,300 906 Sullivan 436 28,120 24,935 20, 879 12.8 19.4 Sumner 558 25,621 29,459 5,874 7,201 11,414 26,072 29,273 6,004 5,851 12, 894 23, 668 24,271 5,850 —1.7 10.2 1,825 Tipton 442 106 201 0.6 —2.2 20.6 2.6 Eastland Ector 925 892 Unicoi 4,619 23. 1 26.7 Edwards 2,352 235 293 423 325 749 580 363 586 613 11,459 2,863 14,413 20, 354 11,471 28, 965 12,. 348 26, .321 27,148 -11.5 — 10.9 12.5 9.2 El Paso. 9,:i31 Van Buren 2,784 16,534 28, 968 12, 062 31,929 15, 420 24, 213 25, 394 3, 126 Ellts Erath 975 1,083 W arren 16, 410 22, 604 12, 936 32, 546 14, 157 26, 429 27,078 3,048,710 0.8 13.9 Falls 745 Wayne* Weakley White Williamson Wilson -6.8 -1.9 8.9 -8.4 -6.2 12.8 12.4 14.7 0.4 -0.3 Fannin Fayette Fi.shcr Floyd Foard * 838 968 885 1,011 612 792 289 882 1 , 124 TEXAS 262,398 3,896,542 3 2,235,527 27.8 36.4 Franklin Freestone Frio Anderson Andrews • 938 1,565 29, 650 975 28,015 87 20, 923 24 5.8 33.9 Caines* Galveston 1,540 395 Angelina 940 17,705 2, 106 13,481 1,716 2,508 6, 306 1.824 2, 101 31.3 113.8 Garza 1 870 Aransas 240 22.7 —5.9 1 , 109 860 Archer 872 6,525 160.2 19.4 Glasscock POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1!)00- 1910 1890- 1900 2,682 1,205 944 122.6 27.6 10,004 7, 143 6, 4.59 40.1 10.6 17,699 20,676 17,859 -14.4 15.8 312 4 4,921 5,332 3,795 -7.7 40.5 25,344 26,845 20, 736 -5.6 29.5 8,411 3,052 2,595 175.6 17.6 12,090 7,720 3,720 66.6 107.5 49, 186 45,535 33,377 8.0 36.4 119,676 69,422 49,266 72.4 40.9 4,311 4, 703 4.649 -8.3 1.2 1,386 776 222 78.6 249.5 19,013 17, 390 14,224 9.3 22.3 34,827 26. 676 20, 267 30.6 31.6 13,299 14,861 11,506 -10.5 29.2 18,919 18, 859 16, 650 0.3 13.3 5, 220 2,356 710 121.6 231.8 2, 162 1 2.53 72.5 22, 935 16!o19 11,421 4.3.2 40.3 18, 687 18, 367 13,001 1.7 41.3 10,755 10, 528 10, 747 2.2 -2.0 24, 237 21,765 15, 769 11.4 38.0 3, 635 2,395 815 51.8 193.9 12, 973 8,768 5,457 48.0 00.7 27,158 16,095 14,424 68.7 11.6 9,551 9,146 6,624 4.4 38.1 2,127 469 356 353.5 31.7 27,587 22, 841 22,554 20.8 1.3 1,850 400 9 362.5 4,234 3,046 2,241 39.0 35.9 29,038 25, 154 22,975 15.4 9.5 9,538 2,138 1,175 346.1 82.0 17,043 9,231 7,503 84.6 23.0 65 25 6,412 3,430 2,059 86.9 66.6 22, 618 10. 077 6,112 124.5 64.9 49, 021 50. 087 36,736 -2.1 36.3 5,224 1,233 357 323.7 245.4 18,897 22, 203 19,512 -14.9 13.8 8,434 7,008 6,398 20.3 9.5 27, 186 23,009 15,608 18.2 47.4 6,654 1,427 1,065 366.3 34.0 26, 603 27,494 24, 696 -3.2 11.3 21,703 21,308 16,873 1.9 26.3 4,396 1,002 240 338.7 317.5 331 51 15 1,296 1,591 194 -18.5 720.1 1,765 788 346 124.0 127.7 4,001 146 112 2, 640. 4 30.4 135,748 82. 726 67,042 04.1 23.4 2,320 37 29 23,501 21,311 14,307 10.3 49.0 3,942 843 179 367.6 370.9 14, 566 15.249 9,117 -4.5 67.3 31,258 28,318 21,289 10.4 33.0 3,092 1,1,51 295 168.6 290.2 3,460 1,106 1,049 212.8 5.4 5,284 2, 756 1,0.56 91.7 161.0 8,964 8. 483 7.598 .5.7 11.6 23, 421 17,971 10,373 30.3 73.2 1,178 381 224 209.2 70.1 3,768 3,108 1,970 21.2 57.8 52, 599 24, 886 15, 678 111.4 58.7 53, 629 50, 0.59 31,774 7.1 57.5 32,095 29, 9GG 21,594 7.1 38.8 35, 049 33,342 20,706 0.9 61.0 44,801 51,793 38, 709 -1,3.5 33.8 29,796 36, 542 31,481 -18. 5 16.1 12, 596 3,708 2,090 239. 7 23.8 4,038 2,020 529 129.0 281.9 5.726 .5ns 265.2 18, 168 16, 538 10, 586 9.9 56.2 9,331 8,674 0,481 7.6 33.8 20,557 18,910 15,987 8.7 18.3 8,895 4,200 3,112 111.8 35.0 , 2.5.5 55 68 44, 479 44,116 31,476 0.8 40.2 1,995 185 14 978.4 9,447 8,229 7,0.56 14.8 16.6 1,143 286 208 299.7 37.5 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, .see page 53. 2 A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. s State total includes population (4) specially enumerated In 1890, not crodil od to any county; also population (3,007) of ISuchel, Foley, and Eneiual Counties, annexed to Urewstoraud Webb Counties between 1890 and 1900. POPULATION OF COUNTIES 49 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1!)IU POPULATION . PER CENT OF INCREASE . 1910 liMM) 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 TEXAS ('on. Goliad 799 9,909 8,310 5,910 19.2 40.0 Gonzales 1,020 28,055 28,882 18,016 - 2.9 00.3 Gray • 899 3,405 480 203 609.4 136. 5 Grayson 942 65,996 63,661 53,211 3.7 19.6 Gregg 312 14, 140 12,343 9,402 14.6 31.3 Grimes . 812 21, 205 26, 106 21.312 - 18.8 22.5 Guadalupe 703 24,913 21,385 15,217 16.5 40.5 Hale 1,036 7,506 1,680 721 350.4 133.0 Hall 901 8,279 1,670 703 395.7 137.6 Hamilton 833 15,315 13,520 9,313 13.3 45.2 Hansford 882 935 167 133 459.9 25.6 Hardeman > 761 11,213 3,634 3,904 208.6 - 6.9 Hardin 862 12, 947 5,049 3,956 156.4 27.6 Harris 1,654 115, 693 63,786 37, 249 81.4 71.2 Harrison 872 37, 243 31,878 26, 721 16.8 19.3 Hartley 1,507 1,298 377 252 244.3 49.6 Haskell 923 16,249 2,637 1,665 516.2 58.4 Hays 623 15,518 14,142 11,352 9.7 24.6 Hemphill 873 3,170 815 519 289.0 57.0 Henderson 946 20, 131 19,970 12,285 0.8 62.6 Hidalgo 2,276 13, 728 6,837 6, 534 100.8 4.6 Hill 966 46, 700 41,355 27,583 13.1 49.9 867 137 44 Hood..” 405 10,008 9, 146 7,614 9.4 20.1 Hopkins 813 31,038 27,950 20,572 11.0 35.9 Houston 1,231 29,564 25, 452 19,360 16.2 31.5 Howard 891 8,881 2 , 5'28 1,210 251.3 108.9 Hunt 893 48, 116 47, 295 31,885 1.7 48.3 879 892 303 58 194.4 Irion 998 1,283 848 870 51.3 - 2.5 Jack 962 11,817 10, 224 9,740 15.6 5.0 Jackson 893 6, 471 6,094 3,281 6.2 85.7 Jasper 978 14,000 7, 138 5,592 96. 1 27.6 Jeff Davis 2,263 1,678 1,150 1,394 45.9 - 17.5 Jefferson 920 38,182 14,239 5,857 168.2 143.1 Johnson 740 34, 460 33,819 22,313 1.9 51.6 Jones 922 24,299 7,053 3,797 244.5 85.8 Karnes 692 14,942 8,681 3,637 72.1 138.7 Kaufman 834 35,323 33, 376 21,598 5.8 54.5 Kendall 598 4,517 4,103 3,826 10.1 7.2 Kent 875 2,655 899 324 195.3 177.5 Kerr 1,197 5,505 4,980 4,462 10.5 11.6 Kimble 1,301 3,261 2,503 2,243 30.3 11.6 King 867 810 490 173 65.3 183.2 Kinney 1.312 3,401 2,447 3,781 39.0 - 35.3 Knox 1 862 9,625 2,322 1,134 314.5 104.8 La Salle 1,561 4,747 2,303 2, 139 106.1 7.7 Lamar 945 46,544 48,027 37,302 - 4.3 30.4 Lamb ^ 1,022 540 31 4 Lampasas '740 9,532 8,625 7 ,^ 10.5 13.7 Lavaca 950 26, 418 28, 121 21,887 - 6.1 28.5 Lee 562 13. 132 14, 595 11,952 - 10.0 22. 1 Leon 1,101 16,583 18,072 13,841 - 8.2 30.6 Liberty 1,160 10,686 8,102 4,230 31.9 91.5 Limestone 974 34, 621 32,573 21,678 6.3 50.3 Lipscomb 888 2,034 790 632 233.4 25.0 Live Oak 1,116 3. 442 2,268 2 , 0.55 51.8 10.4 Llano 971 6,520 7,301 6,772 - 10.7 7.8 Loving 753 249 33 3 Lubbock 868 3. 624 293 33 1 , 136.9 Lvnn 1 864 1,713 17 24 kfcCulloch 1,073 ■ 13,405 3,960 3,217 238.5 23.1 McLennan 1,049 73 , 2,30 59,772 39,204 22.5 52.5 McMullen 1,302 1,091 1,024 1,038 6.5 - 1.3 Madison 495 10,318 10,432 8,512 - 1.1 22.6 Marion 391 10,472 10,754 10,862 - 2.6 - 1.0 Martin 904 1,549 332 264 366.6 25.8 Mason 969 5,683 5,573 5,180 2.0 7.6 Matagorda 1,136 13,594 6,097 3,985 123.0 53.0 Maverick 1,251 5,151 4,066 3,698 20.7 10.0 Medina 1,353 13,415 7,783 5,730 72.4 35.8 Menard 914 2,707 2,011 1,215 34.6 65.5 Midland 887 1 3, 464 1,741 1,033 99.0 68.5 Milam 9.59 ' 30, 780 39,666 24,773 - 7.3 00.1 Mills 696 9,694 7,851 5,493 23.5 42.9 Mitchell 885 8,956 2,855 2,059 213.7 38.7 Montague 929 25,123 24,800 18,863 1.3 31.5 Montgomery 1,017 15,079 17,067 11,765 - 8.1 45.1 Moore 921 501 209 15 168.4 Morris 259 . 10,439 8,220 6,580 27.0 24.9 > For changes in boundaries, 72497°— 13 4 COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT or INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 mM)- 1910 1890- 1900 TEXAS— Con. Motley 1,030 2,396 1,257 1.39 90.6 804.3 Nacogdoches 1,0.59 27,406 24,663 15,984 11.1 54.3 Navarro 1,060 47,070 43,374 26,373 8.5 64.5 Newton 889 10,850 7,282 4,650 49.0 56.6 Nolan 880 11,999 2,611 1,573 359.6 66.0 Nueces 2,275 21,955 10,439 8,093 110.3 29.0 Ochiltree 891 1,602 267 198 500.0 34.8 Oldham 1,.543 812 349 270 132.7 29.3 Orange 363 9,528 5,905 4,770 61.4 2.3.8 Palo Pinto 958 19,506 12,291 8,320 58.7 47.7 Panola 842 20,424 21,404 14,328 -4.6 49.4 Parker 875 26,331 25,823 21,682 2.0 19.1 902 1,555 34 7 Pecos 1 4,134 2,071 2,360 1,326 -12.2 78.0 Polk 1,217 17,459 14,447 10,332 20.8 39.8 Potter 934 12,424 1,820 849 582.6 114.4 Presidio 3,812 5,218 3,673 1,698 42. 1 116.3 Rains 267 6,787 6,127 3,909 10.8 56.7 Randall 937 3,312 963 187 243.9 415.0 1 071 392 Red River 1,039 28,564 29,893 21,452 -4.4 39.3 Reeves 2,781 4,392 1,847 1,247 137.8 48.1 Refugio 740 2,814 1,641 1,239 71.5 32.4 Roberts 882 950 620 326 53.2 90.2 Robertson 872 27,454 31,480 26,506 -12.8 18.8 Rockwall 149 8,072 8,531 5,972 -5.4 42.8 Runnels 1,083 20,858 5,379 3,193 287.8 68.5 Rusk 983 26,946 26,099 18,559 3.2 40.6 Sabine 589 8,582 6,394 4,969 34.2 28.7 San Augustine 622 11,264 8,434 6,688 33.6 26.1 San Jacinto 602 9,542 10,277 7,360 -7.2 39.6 San Patricio 676 7,307 2,372 1,312 208.1 80.8 San Saba 1,116 11,245 7,569 6,641 48.6 14.0 Schleicher 1 1,387 1,893 515 155 267.6 232.3 Scurry 887 10,924 4,158 1,415 162.7 193.9 Shackelford 947 4,201 2,461 2,012 70.7 22.3 Shelby 833 26,423 20,452 14,365 29.2 42.4 935 1,376 104 34 1,223. 1 Smith 920 41,746 37,370 28,324 11.7 31.9 Somervell 184 3,931 3, 498 3,419 12.4 2.3 Starr 2,675 13, 151 11,469 10, 749 14.7 6.7 Stephens 925 7,980 6,466 4,926 23.4 31.3 948 1,493 1.127 32.5 Stonewall 852 5,320 2,183 1, 024 143.7 113.2 Sutton 1,521 1,569 1,727 658 -9.1 162.5 Swisher . . : 898 4,012 1,227 100 227.0 1,127.0 Tarrant 903 108,572 52,376 41,142 107.3 27.3 Taylor 908 26,293 10,499 6,957 150.4 50.9 2,635 1,430 870 1,474 48 21 Throckmorton 879 4,563 1,750 902 160.7 94.0 Titus 398 16,422 12,292 8,190 33.6 50.1 Tom Green' 1,454 17,882 6,804 5,152 162.8 32.1 Travis 1,004 55, 620 47,386 36,322 17.4 30.5 Trinity 716 12,768 10,976 7,648 16.3 43.5 Tvler 908 10,250 11,899 10, 877 -13.9 9.4 Upshur 600 19,960 16, 266 12, 695 22.7 28.1 1, 195 501 48 52 Uvalde 1,589 11,233 4,647 3,804 141.7 22.2 Val Verde 3,083 8,613 5,263 2,874 63.7 83.1 Van Zandt 831 25,651 25,481 16,225 0.7 57.0 Victoria 890 14,990 13, 678 8,737 9.6 56.6 Walker 791 16,061 15,813 12,874 1.6 22.8 Waller 519 12, 1,38 14,246 10,888 -14.8 30.8 827 2,389 1,451 77 64.0 Washington 628 25,561 32, 931 29, 161 -22.4 12.9 Webb' 3,219 22,503 21,851 14,842 3.0 47.2 Wharton 1,112 21,123 16, 942 7,584 24.7 123.4 Wheeler 895 5,258 636 778 726.7 -18.3 Wichita 604 16,094 5,806 4,831 177.2 20.2 Wilbarger 928 12,000 5,759 7,092 108.4 -18.8 Williamson 1,129 42,228 38,072 25,909 10.9 46.9 Wilson 813 ' 17,066 13,961 10, 655 22.2 31.0 844 ' 442 60 18 Wise 863 26,450 27,116 24,134 -2.5 12.1 Wood 657 23,417 21,048 13, 932 11.3 51.1 879 602 26 4 Young 875 13,657 6,540 5,049 108.8 29.5 Zapata 1,288 3,809 4,760 3,562 -20.0 33.8 Zavalla 1,348 1,889 792 1,097 138.5 -27.8 etc., of counties, see page 53. 50 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND ROPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EIJU I VALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890 — Continued. [Per cent not shown whore base is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 13— Con. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PEK CENT OF IxNCKEASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1.S90- 1900 UTAH 82,184 373,361 276,749 1 210,779 34.9 31.3 Beaver 2,fi00 4,717 3,613 3,340 30.0 8.2 Boxeldcr 5, 444 13,894 10,009 7,642 38.8 31.0 Cache 1,1(14 23,062 18,139 15,509 27.1 17.0 1 4K7 8,624 5,004 72.3 Davis '275 10,191 7,996 6,751 27.5 18.4 Emery* 4,453 6,750 4,657 5,076 44.9 -8.3 Garlicld* 5,234 3,6(i0 3,400 2,457 7.6 38.4 Grand* 3,692 1,595 1,149 541 38.8 112.4 Iron 3,256 3,933 3,546 2,083 10.9 32.2 Juab 3,410 10,702 10,082 5,582 6.1 80.6 Kano* 4,215 1,052 1,811 1,685 -8.8 7.5 Millard 6,604 6,118 5,078 4,033 7.7 40.8 Morgan 626 2,467 2,045 1,780 20.6 14.9 I’iute* 703 1,734 1,954 2,842 -11.3 -31.2 Rich 1,027 1,883 1,946 1,527 -3.2 27.4 Salt Lake 756 131,426 77, 725 58, 457 69.1 33.0 San Juan 7, 701 2,377 1,023 365 132.4 3 136. 4 Sanpete* 1,504 16, 704 16,313 13,146 2.4 24.1 Sevier* 1,978 9,775 8, 451 6,199 15.7 36.3 Summit 1,802 8,200 9,439 7,733 -13.1 22.1 Tooele 6,849 7,924 7,361 3,700 7.0 98.9 Uinta 5,235 7,050 0,458 2,762 9.2 3 80.7 Utah* 2,034 37,942 32,456 23,768 16.9 36.6 Wasatch 4,354 8,920 4,736 3,595 88.3 3 27.0 Washington 2,465 5, 123 4,612 4,009 11.1 15.0 ? 475 1,749 1,907 —8.3 Weber ’541 35; 179 25,239 22,723 39.4 11.1 VERMONT 9,124 366,956 343,641 332,422 3.6 3.4 Addison 756 20,010 21,912 22,277 -8.7 -1.0 Bennington 661 21,378 21,705 20, 448 -1.5 6.1 Caledonia * 618 20,031 24,381 23,436 6.8 4.0 Chittenden 543 42,447 39,600 35,389 7.2 11.9 Essex 638 7,384 8,056 9,511 -8.3 -15.3 Franklin 652 29,866 30, 198 29,755 -1.1 1.5 Grand Isle 83 3,701 4,462 3,843 -15.7 16.1 Lamoille 436 12,585 12,289 12,831 2.4 -4.2 Orange 676 18,703 19,313 19,575 -3.2 -1.3 Orleans 688 23,337 22,024 22,101 6.0 -0.3 Rutland 911 48,139 44,209 45,397 8.9 -2.6 Washington* 719 41,702 36,607 29,606 13.9 23.6 Windham 795 26,932 26,660 26,547 1.0 0.4 Windsor 948 33,081 32,225 31,706 4.5 1.6 VIRGINLA 40,262 2,061,612 <1,854,184 •1,665,980 11.2 12.0 Accomae 502 36,650 32,570 27,277 12.5 19.4 Albemarle 750 29,871 28, 473 26,788 4.9 63 Alexandria 31 10,231 0,430 4,258 59.1 51.0 Alexandria city 1 15,. 329 14,528 14,339 5.5 1.3 Alleghany* 457 14, 173 16,330 9,283 -13.2 75.9 Amelia 371 8,720 9,037 9,068 -3.5 -0.3 Amherst 470 18, 932 17,864 17,551 6.0 1.8 Appomattox 342 8, 904 9,662 9,589 -7.8 0.8 Augusta* 1,003 32, 445 32,370 30,0,30 0.2 7.8 Bath 545 6,538 5, 595 4,587 16.9 22.0 Bedford 791 29,549 30,356 31,213 -2.7 -2.7 Bland 300 5,154 5,497 5,129 -6.2 7.2 Botetourt 548 17,727 17, 161 14,854 3.3 15.5 Bristol city 2 0, 247 4,579 2,902 36.4 57.8 Bruns WICK 557 19, 244 18,217 17, 245 5.0 5.6 Buchanan 514 12, .334 9,692 5,867 27.3 65.2 Buckingnam 584 15,204 15, 266 14,383 -0.4 6.1 0 .'1 94Fi 2,38S 35.9 Campbell* 552 23^043 23, 256 21,378 -0.9 8.8 Caroline 529 10, 596 16,709 16, 681 -0.7 0.2 Carroll 4.58 21,116 19,303 15, 497 9.4 24.0 Charles City 188 5,253 5,040 5,066 4.2 -0.5 Charlotte 496 15, 785 15,343 15,077 2.9 1.8 Charlottesville city.. 1 0,765 0,449 5, ,591 4.9 15. 3 Chesterfield 471 21,299 18, 804 16, 905 13.3 10.8 Clarke 171 7, 408 7,927 8,071 -5.8 -1.8 1 5,748 Craig 333 4,711 4,293 .3,835 9.7 11.9 Culpeper 384 13, 472 14,123 13, 2.3,3 -4.6 6.7 Cumberland 293 9, 195 8,996 9,482 2.2 -5. 1 1 State total includes population (2,874)of Indian reservations spocialiy enumer- ated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 2 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. • See headnote to tabie, page 32. COUNTY. VIRGINIA— Con. Danville city 2 Dickenson Dinwiddie Elizabeth City Essex Fairfax Fauquier Floyd Fluvanna Franklin Frederick Fredericksburg city. Giles Gloucester Goochland Grayson Greene Greensville Halifax Hanover Henrico 2 Henry Highland Isle of Wight James City King and Queen King George King William Lancaster Lee Loudoun Louisa Lunenburg Lynchburg city 2 Madison Mathews Mecklenburg Middlesex Montgomery* Nansemond Nelson New Kent Newport Newscity* Norfolk* Norfolk city* Northampton Northiunberland. . . . Nottoway Orange Page Patrick Petersburg city Pittsylvania* Portsmouth city*... Powhatan Prince Edwnrd Prince George Prince William Princess Anne Pulaski Radford city* Rappahannock Richmond Richmond city * Roanoke* Roanoke cily * Rockbridge* Rockingham Russell Scott Shenandoah Smyth Southam|)ton Spotsylvania Stafford Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 3 19,020 16,520 10,305 15.1 60.3 325 9, 199 7,747 5,077 18.7 52.6 518 15, 442 15,374 13,515 0.4 13.8 54 21,225 19,460 16, 168 9.1 20.4 258 9,105 9,701 10, 047 -6.1 -3.4 417 20, 536 18,580 . 10, 055 10.5 11.6 666 22,526 23,374 22, 590 -3.6 3.5 376 14,092 15,388 14, 405 -8.4 6.8 285 8,323 9,050 9,508 -8.0 -4.8 697 26,480 25,953 24,985 2.0 3.9 434 12,787 13, 239 12,684 -3.4 4.4 1 5,874 5,068 4,. 528 15.9 11.9 369 11,623 10, 793 9,090 7.7 18.7 223 12, 477 12,832 11,653 -2.8 10.1 287 9,237 9,519 9,958 -3.0 -4.4 425 19,856 16,853 14,394 17.8 17.1 155 6,937 6,214 5,622 11.6 10.5 307 11,890 9,758 8,230 21.8 18.6 814 40, 044 37, 197 34,424 7.7 8.1 512 17,200 17,618 17,402 -2.4 1.2 266 23, 437 30,062 22,006 -22.0 36.6 444 18, 459 19,265 18,208 -4.2 5.8 422 5,317 5,047 5,352 -5.8 5.5 314 14,929 13, 102 11,313 13.9 15.8 164 6,338 5, 732 5,043 10.6 1.6 320 9,576 9,265 9,669 3.4 -4.2 180 6,378 6,918 0,641 -7.8 4.2 263 8, 547 8,380 9,605 2.0 -12.8 130 9,752 8,949 7, 191 9.0 24.4 446 23,840 19, 856 18,216 20.1 9.0 519 21, 167 21,948 23,274 -3.6 -5.7 516 16,578 16,517 16, 997 0.4 -2.8 430 12,780 11,705 11,372 9.2 2.9 5 29,494 18.891 19,709 ,56.1 -4.2 324 10,055 10,216 10,225 -1.6 -0.1 94 8,922 8,239 7,584 8.3 8.6 669 28,956 26, 551 25,359 9.1 4.7 146 8,852 8,220 7,458 7.7 10.2 396 17,268 15,852 17,742 8.9 -10.7 423 26,886 23,078 19,692 16.5 17.2 473 16,821 10,075 15,336 4.6 4.8 191 4.682 4,865 5,511 -3.8 -11.7 2 2.9 404 52; 744 50, 780 28,899 3.9 7.5.7 7 67,452 46, 024 34,871 44.7 33.7 239 16,672 13,770 10,313 21.1 33.5 205 10,777 9,846 7,885 9.5 24.9 310 13,462 12,366 11,582 8.9 6.8 359 13,486 12,571 12,814 7.3 —1.9 322 14; 147 13,794 13,092 2.6 5. 4 485 17,195 15,403 14,147 11.6 8.9 3 24,127 21,810 22,680 10.6 -3.8 1,012 60,709 40,894 49,636 8.1 —5.5 3 33,190 17,427 13,268 90.5 31.3 273 6,099 0,824 6,791 -10.6 0. 5 356 14,200 15,045 14,694 -5.2 2.4 294 7,848 7,752 7,872 1.2 — 1. 5 345 12,026 11,112 9,805 8.2 13.3 279 11,520 11,192 9,510 3.0 17.7 333 17,246 14,609 12,790 18.1 14.2 4,202 8,044 2.5.7 274 8,843 8,078 -9.0 1.9 204 7,415 7,088 7,146 4.6 —0.8 11 127, 028 85,0.50 81,388 .50. 1 4. 5 300 19; 023 15,837 13,942 23.9 13.6 5 34,874 21,495 10, 1.59 02.2 33.0 613 21,171 21,799 23,062 -2.9 —5. 5 876 34,903 33,, 527 31,299 4.1 7.1 490 23,474 18,031 16, 120 30.2 11.8 543 23,814 22,094 21,094 4.9 4.6 510 20,942 20,2.53 19,671 3.4 3.0 435 20.326 17,121 13,360 18.7 28.2 604 26,302 22, 848 20,078 15.1 13.8 412 9,935 9, 239 9, 705 7.5 -4.8 274 8,070 8,097 7,3G2 -0.3 10.0 < State total includes population (9,71.5 in 1900 and 9,240 in lS90)of Manchastor city, made independent of Chostorflold County in 1874,aunoxe(i to Rlchmotid city, April 15, 1910. POPULATION OF COUNTIES 51 AREA AND POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: I9J0, 1900, AND 1890 — Uoiitiimod. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table i:i— Cen. COUNTY . Land area in square miles : 1910 POPULATION . PER CENT OP INCREASE . 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 VIRGINIA -Con. Staunton city' 3 10,604 7, 289 6,975 45.5 4.5 Surry 278 9,715 8,469 8 , 25G 14 .? 2.6 515 13,664 12,082 11,100 13.1 8.8 Tazewell 531 24,946 23,384 19,899 6.7 17.5 Warren 216 8,589 8,837 8,280 - 2.8 6.7 67 6,041 4,888 6,650 23.6 - 26.5 Washington 602 32, 830 28,996 26,118 13.2 11.0 252 9,313 9,243 8,399 0.8 10.0 Winchester city 1 5,864 5,161 5,196 13.6 - 0.7 420 34,162 19,653 9,345 73.8 110.3 479 20, 372 20,437 18,019 - 0.3 13.4 York 136 7,757 7,482 7,596 3.7 - 1.5 WASHINGTON . . . 66,836 1,141,990 618,103 1*357,232 120.4 45.0 1,912 10.920 4 , 840 2,098 125.6 130.7 Asotin. 608 5,831 3,366 1,580 73.2 113.0 1,671 7,937 Chehaiis 1,927 35,590 15, 124 9,249 13 . 5 . 3 3 61.4 2, 900 15, 104 3,931 284.2 1,726 6,755 5,603 2,771 20.6 3 87.2 634 26,115 13,419 11,709 94.6 14.6 Columbia 858 7,042 7, 128 6, 709 - 1.2 6.2 1,153 12,561 7,877 5,917 59.5 33.1 Douglas ' 1,787 9,227 4,926 3, 161 87.3 55.8 2,220 4,800 4,562 5.2 1,206 5, 153 486 696 960.3 - 30.2 Garfield 694 4, 199 3,918 3,897 7.2 0.5 2,720 8,698 Island '208 4 ; 704 1,870 1,787 151.6 46 1,747 8,337 5,712 8,368 46.0 3-32 2 2,111 284,638 110,053 63,989 158.6 371.8 371 17,647 6,767 4,624 160.8 . 343.3 2,329 18,561 9,704 8,777 91.3 10.6 Klickitat* 1,825 10, 180 6, 407 5, 167 58.9 24 0 Lewis 2,369 32, 127 15, 157 ■ 11,499 112.0 31.8 Lincoln 2,302 17,539 11,969 9,312 46.5 2a5 Mason 930 5, 156 3,810 2,826 35.3 34 8 Okanogan > 5,221 12, 887 4,689 1,467 174 8 3 170. 3 Pacific 895 12,532 5,983 4,358 109.5 37.3 Pierce 1,701 120, 812 55,515 50,940 117.6 9.0 San Juan 178 3,603 2,928 2,072 23.1 41.3 Skagit 1,774 29,241 14,272 8, 747 104 9 3 60.0 Skamania 1,685 2,887 1,688 774 71.0 118. 1 Snohomish 2,064 59,209 23,950 8,514 147.2 3 175 . 8 Spokane 1,756 139, 404 57,542 37,487 142.3 53.5 Stevens * 3,866 25,297 10,543 4,341 139.9 3129.3 Thmston 709 17,581 9,927 9,675 77.1 2.6 Wahkiakum 267 3,285 2,819 2,526 16.5 11.6 Walla WaUa 1,265 31, 931 18, 680 12,224 70.9 52.8 Whatcom 2.082 49, 511 24, 116 18, 591 105.3 3 27.8 Whitman 2,108 33,280 25,360 19,109 31.2 32.7 Yakima* 5,059 41,709 13, 462 4,429 209.8 3153.8 WEST VIRGINIA. 24,022 1,221,119 968,800 762,794 27.4 25.7 Barbour 348 15,858 14,198 12, 702 11.7 11.8 Berkeley 325 21,999 19,469 18,702 13.0 4. 1 Boone 506 10,331 8,194 6,885 26.1 19.0 Braxton 517 23,023 18,904 13,928 21.8 35.7 Brooke 89 11,098 7,219 6,660 53.7 8.4 Cabell 261 46,685 29 , 2.52 23, 595 59.6 24.0 Calhoun 286 11,258 10,266 8,155 9 . 7 25 . 9 Clay 332 10,233 8,248 4, 659 24.1 77.0 Doddridge 317 12,672 13,689 12,183 - 7.4 12.4 Fayette 667 51,903 31,987 20, 542 62.3 55.7 Gilmer 331 11,379 11.762 9,746 - 3.3 20.7 Grant 461 7,838 7,275 6,802 7.7 7.0 Greenbrier • 998 24,833 20, 683 18,034 20. 1 14 7 Hampshire 648 11,694 11,806 11,419 - 0,9 3.4 Hancock 83 10,465 6,693 6,414 56.4 4.3 Hardy 574 9,163 8,449 7,567 8.5 11 . 7 Harrison 416 48,381 27, 690 21,919 74 . 7 26.3 Jackson 461 20, 956 22, 987 19,021 - 8.8 20 . 9 Jefferson 211 15.889 15,935 15,553 - 0.3 2.5 Kanawha 860 81,457 54,696 42, 756 48.9 27 . 9 1 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, see page 53. 2 State total includes population (7,842) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. 3 See headnote to table, page 32. COUNTY. Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 WEST VIRGINIA —Con. Lewis 393 18,281 16,980 15,895 7.7 6.8 l.incoln 418 20,491 15,434 11,246 32.8 37.2 Logan* 438 14,476 6,955 11,101 108. 1 -37.3 McDowell 533 47,856 18,747 7,300 155.3 1.56. 8 Marion .315 42, 794 32,430 20,721 32.0 56.5 Marshall 310 32, 388 26,444 20, 735 22.5 27.5 Mason 475 23,019 24, 142 22,863 -4.7 5.6 Mercer 419 38,371 23,023 16,002 66.7 43.9 Mineral 349 16,674 12,883 12,085 29.4 6.6 Mingo ^ 416 19, 431 11,359 71. 1 Monongalia 358 24,334 19,049 15,705 27. 7 21.3 Monroe 457 13,055 13,130 12,429 -0.6 5.6 Morgan, .t 233 7,848 7,294 6,744 7. 6 8.2 Nicholas 680 17,699 11,403 9,309 55.2 22.5 Ohio 107 57,572 48,024 41,557 19.9 15.6 Pendleton 699 9,349 9,167 8,711 2.0 5.2 Pleasants 132 8,074 9,345 7, 539 -13.6 24.0 Pocahontas 904 14, 740 8,572 6,814 72.0 25.8 Preston 650 26,341 22, 727 20,355 1.5.9 11.7 Putnam 336 18,587 17,330 14,342 7.3 20.8 Raleigh 597 25,633 12, 436 9,597 106. 1 2Q fi Randolph 1,036 26; 028 17 ; 670 11,633 47.3 51.9 Ritchie 453 17,875 18,901 16,621 - 5. 4 13.7 Roane 522 21,543 19,852 15,303 8.5 29.7 Summers 369 18,420 16,265 13,117 13.2 24.0 Taylor 175 16,554 14,978 12,147 10.5 23.3 Tucker 405 18,675 13,433 6,459 39.0 108.0 Tyler 260 16,211 18,252 11,962 -11.2 52.6 Upshur 351 16,629 14,696 12,714 13.2 15. 6 W'ayne 517 24,081 23,619 18,652 2.0 26.6 Webster 583 9,680 8,862 4,783 9.2 85.3 Wetzel 357 23,855 22,880 16,841 4.3 35.9 W'irt 218 9,047 10,284 9,411 -12.0 9.3 Wood 364 38,001 34, 4.52 28,612 10.3 20.4 Wyoming 502 10,392 8,380 6,247 24.0 34.1 WISCONSIN 55,256 2,333,860 2,069,042 *1,693,330 12.8 22.S Adams 684 8,604 9,141 6,889 -5.9 32.7 Ashland * 1,082 21,965 20, 176 20, 063 8.9 3—2.6 Barron 885 29,114 23, 677 15,416 23.0 63.6 Bayfield 1,503 15,987 14,392 7,390 11.1 3 89.4 Brown 529 54,098 46,359 39, 164 16.7 316.6 Buffalo 687 16,006 16, 765 15,997 -4.5 4.8 Burnett 860 9,026 7,478 4,393 20.7 70.2 Calumet 324 16, 701 17,078 16, 639 -2.2 2.6 Chippewa* 1,039 32, 103 33,037 25, 143 -2.8 31.4 Clark 1,218 30,074 26,848 17, 708 16.3 46.0 Columbia 778 31,129 31,121 28, 350 9.8 Crawford 579 16, 288 17,286 15, 987 -5.8 8.1 Dane 1,202 77, 435 69, 435 59, 578 11.5 16.5 Dodge 897 47, 436 46, 631 44,984 1.7 3.7 Door 469 18,711 17,583 15,682 6.4 12.1 Douglas 1,337 47, 422 36, 335 13,468 30.5 169. S Dunn 869 25, 260 25,043 22, 664 0.9 10.5 Eau Claire 638 32,721 31,692 30, 673 3.2 3.3 Florence 497 3,381 3, 197 2,604 5.8 22.8 Fond du Lac 726 51,610 47, 589 44,088 8.4 7.9 Forest * 1,400 6,782 1,396 1,012 385.8 37.9 Grant 1,169 39, 007 38,881 36, 651 0.3 6.1 Green 693 21,641 22, 719 22,732 -4.7 -0.1 Green Lake 360 15, 491 15,797 15, 103 -1.9 4.2 Iowa 781 22, 497 23, 114 22, 117 -2.7 4.5 Iron * 792 8,306 6,616 25.6 Jackson 990 17 ; 075 17 ; 466 15, 797 - 2.2 10.6 Jefferson 552 34,306 34, 789 33, 530 - 1.4 3.8 Juneau 802 19,569 20, 629 17, 121 - 5.1 20.5 Kenosha 282 32, 929 21, 707 15,581 51.7 39.3 Kewaunee 337 16,784 17,212 16, 153 -2.5 6.6 La Crosse 481 43, 996 42, 997 38,801 2.3 10.8 Lafayette 642 20, 075 20,959 20, 265 -4.2 3.4 Langlade 875 17, 062 12, 553 9, 465 35.9 32.6 Lincoln 902 19, 064 16, 269 12,008 17.2 35.5 Manitowoc 602 44,978 42,201 37,831 6.4 11.7 Marathon 1,554 55, 054 43, 256 30,369 27.3 42.4 Marinette 1,415 33, 812 30, 822 20,304 9.7 51.8 Marquette 4.57 10,741 10,509 9, 676 2.2 8.6 Milwaukee 235 433, 187 330, 017 236, 101 31.3 39.8 < State total includes population (0,450) of Indian reservations specially enu- merated in 1890, not distributed by counties. ‘ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 52 AlOTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION AREA AND POPUEATION OF COUNTIES AND EQUIVALENT SUBDIVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1910 1900 AND 1890 — Continued. ’ ’ [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table i:i— Con. COUNTY. Land area in srjuare miles: 1910 POPULATION. PKR CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 19(M) WISCONSIN— Con. i Monroe 937 28,881 28, 103 23, 211 2.8 21.1 Oconto 1,118 25, 657 20,874 15,009 22.9 *37.5 Oneida* 901 11,433 8,875 5,010 28.8 77.1 Outagamie 640 49, 102 46,247 38, 690 6.2 > 16.9 Ozaukee 233 17,123 16,363 14,943 4.6 9.5 Pepin 236 7,577 7,905 6,932 -4.1 14.0 Pierce 563 22, 079 23,943 20, 385 -7.8 17.5 Polk 935 21,367 17,801 12, 968 20.0 37.3 Portage 812 30,945 29, 483 24, 798 5.0 18.9 Price 1,279 13,795 9,106 5,258 51.5 73.2 Racine 324 57, 424 45, 644 36, 268 25.8 25.9 Richland 590 18,809 19, 4.83 19.121 -3.,5 1.9 Rock 716 55,538 51,203 43, 220 8.5 18.5 Rusk* 925 11,160 St. Croix 735 25, 910 26, 830 23, 139 -3.4 10.0 Sauk 842 32, 869 33, OOfi 30,575 -0.4 8.0 Sawyer 1,320 6,227 3,593 1,977 73.3 1 .37. 6 Shawano 1,1.58 31,884 27, 475 19,2.36 16.0 1 34.4 Shelioygan 521 54,888 50,345 42,489 9.0 18.5 Taylor 991 13,041 11,262 6,731 21.1 67.3 Trempealeau 748 22,928 23,114 18,920 -0.8 22.2 Vernon 821 28,116 28,351 25,111 -0.8 12.9 Vilas 2 833 6,019 4,929 • 22.1 Land area in square miles: 1910 POPULATION. PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1910 19(H) 1890 19(M)- 1910 1890- 1900 WISCONSIN— Con. Walworth 560 29,614 29,2.59 27, 8(U) 1.2 5.0 Washburn 835 8, 196 5,521 2,926 48.5 88.7 Washington 431 23,784 23,589 22,751 0.8 3.7 Waukesha 549 37,100 35,229 33,270 5.3 5.9 Waupaca 759 32, 782 31,615 26, 794 3.7 18.0 Waushara 646 18,886 15,972 13, .507 18.2 18.2 Winnebago 459 62,116 58,225 50,097 6.7 16.2 Wood 809 30,583 25, 865 18,127 18.2 42.7 WYOMING 97,594 145,965 92,531 3 62,555 57.7 47.9 Albany Bighorn* 4,401 11,574 8.886 13,084 4,328 9.589 8,865 -11.5 105.3 17.7 47.6 Carbon* 8,029 11,282 6,857 39.8 Converse 6,740 5,441 6,294 3,337 2,738 88.6 21.9 Crook* 6,492 3, 1.37 2,338 106.9 34.2 Fremont* 12,659 11,822 5,357 2,463 120.7 1 37.9 Johnson* 4,175 3,453 2,361 2,357 46.3 0.2 Laramie 6,992 26, 127 20, 181 16, 777 29.5 20.3 Natrona* Park* 5,353 5,420 4, 766 4,909 1,785 1,094 167.0 63.2 Sheridan 2,575 16,324 5, 122 1,972 218.7 159.7 Sweetwater 10,500 11,575 8,455 4,941 36.9 71.1 Uinta 11,044 16,982 12,223 7,414 38.9 64.9 Weston* 4,593 4,960 3,203 2,422 54.9 32.2 Yellowstone Nat.Pk.* 2,904 519 369 467 40.7 -21.0 ‘ See headnote to table, page 32. * Geographically located within the limits of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana; 2 For changes in boundaries, etc., of counties, sgc page 53. total population returned in Wyoming. 5 State total includes population (1,850) of Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, not distributed by counties. AREA AND POPULATION OF SUBDIVISIONS OF ALASKA IN 1910, HAWAII IN 1910, 1900, AND 1890, AND PORTO RICO IN 1910 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.) Table 14 RECORDER’S DISTRICT. 1910 ALASKA! (area in sq. miles, 590,884) . . 64,356 First Judicul District 15,216 Juneau district 5,854 Ketchikan district 3, 520 Sitka district 2,210 Skagway district 1,980 Wrangell district .% 1,652 Second Judicial District 12,351 Cape Nome district 3,924 Council City district 686 Fairhaven district 543 Kougarok district 308 Kuskokwim district (part off 2,201 TotalfoT Ktiskokwi>n district injudi- dal districts B, S, and 4 B,71t Noatak-Kobuk district 2, 262 Port Clarence district 1,007 St. Lawrence Island district 293 St. Michael district (part of) 1,127 Total for St. Michael district injudi- cial districts B and 4 B,255 RECORDER’S DISTRICT. 1910 RECORDER’S DISTRICT. ALAS KA — Continued. Third Judicial District 20,078 1,083 ALASKA — Continued. Fourth Judicial District 4,502 677 Eagle district 653 Fairbanks district 1,779 Fort Gibbon district '271 Fortymile district 623 Hot Springs district 1,692 Kantishna^ district 2^448 Kovukuk district 19 Kuskokwim district (part of) [For total, see judfcial district 2.] 103 [For total, see judfcial district 2.] Mount McKinley district 210 1,303 Ophir district 4 ; 815 Otter district Rampart district St. Michael district (part of) [For total, see judicial district 2.] Tanana district 1910 16,711 368 799 543 7,675 858 341 372 68 455 491 232 785 562 1,234 370 1,128 430 1 The population of Alaska in 1900 was 03,592 and in 1890, 32,052; from 1900 to 1910 the increase was 704, or 1.2 per cent; from 1890 to 1900 it was 31,540, or 98.4 per cent. Table 14~Ck)ntinued. COUNTY. Land area In square mile.s: 1910 POPULATION. PKR CENT OF INCREASE. 1910 1900 1890 • 19(M)- 1910 1890- 1900 HAWAK! 6,449 191,909 154,001 *89,990 24.6 71.1 4,015 600 11 611 1,182 55,382 82,028 785 23,952 29, 762 46,843 58, .504 1,177 20, 734 26, 74.3 20,754 31,194 18.2 40.2 -33.3 15.5 11.3 75. 1 87.5 11.8,59 #20,183 74.8 32.6 > County organization went into effect in 1905; comparison for 1890 and 1900 made from populalion of island groups. 2 Figures derived from the census taken as of Dec. 28, 18iK), umior (he direction of the Hawaiian Government. 3 Includes population, not returned separately, of territory taken to form Kalawao County in 1905. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. 53 AREA AND POPULATION OF SUBDIVISIONS OF ALASKA IN 1910, HAWAII IN 1910, 1900, AND 1890, AND PORTO RICO IN 1910 AND 1899— Continued. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decroase.J Table 14— Contiiiuod. MXJNICIPAL DISTRICT. POPULATION. l^erccnt of incroase: 1910 1899 1899- 1910 PORTO RICO (area, sq. miles, 3,435) 1,118,012 953,243 17.3 Adjuntas 16,954 19, 484 -13.0 Aguada 11,587 10, ,581 9.5 Aguadilla 21,419 17,830 20.1 Aguas Buenas Aibonito 8,292 7,977 3.9 10,815 8,596 25.8 Anasco 14,407 13,311 82 Arecibo 42,429 36,910 15.0 Arroyo 6,940 4,867 42.6 Barceloneta 11,644 10,503 9,357 24 4 Barranquitas 8, 103 29.6 Barros 15,028 14,845 1.2 Bayamon 29, 986 19,940 50.4 Cabo Rojo 19,562 16, 154 21.1 Caguas 27, 160 19,857 36.8 Camuy 11,342 10,887 42 Carolina 15,327 11,965 28. 1 Cayey 17, 711 14,442 226 dales 18,398 18.115 1.6 Cldra 10, 595 7,552 40.3 Coamo 17,129 15,144 13. 1 Comerio 11,170 8,249 35.4 Corozal 12,978 11,508 12 8 MUNICIPAL DLSTKICT. PORTO RICO- Con. Culebra* Dorado Fajardo Guayama Guayanilla Gurabo HatiUo Huiiiacao' . Isabela Juana Diaz . Juncos . Lares Las Marias . Loiza Manati Maricao .. . Maunabo . . Mayaguez ‘ Moca Morovis .. Naguabo . Naranjito . POPULATION. 1910 1,315 4,885 21,135 17,379 10,354 11,139 10, 030 2li,f)78 16,852 29, 157 11,692 11,071 22, 650 10,046 13,317 17,240 7,158 7, 106 42, 429 13, 640 12, 446 14,365 8,876 1899 704 3,804 16, 782 12,749 9,540 8,700 10, 449 22.915 14, 888 27, 896 8,429 8,789 20,883 11,279 12,522 13,989 8,312 6,221 38.915 12, 410 11,309 10,873 8,101 Per cent of increase: 1899- 1910 86.8 28 4 25. 9 36.3 8.5 280 1. 7 18 4 13.2 4.5 38.7 26.0 8 5 -10.9 83 23.2 -13.9 14.2 9.0 9.9 10.1 32.1 9.6 MUNICIPAL DISTRICT. POPULATION. 1910 PORTO RICO Con. Patfilas Penuelas I'once Quebradillas Rincon Rio Grande Rio Piedras Sabana Grande .. Salinas San German San Juan San Lorenzo San Sebastian . . . Santa Isabel Toa Alta Toa Baja Trujillo Alto Utuado Vega Alta Vega Baja Vieques' Yabucoa Y auco 14,448 11,991 63, 444 8, 152 7,275 13,948 18,880 11,523 11,403 22,143 48, 716 14,278 18, 904 6,959 9,127 6,254 6,345 41,054 8,134 12,831 10,425 17,338 31, 504 1899 11,163 12,129 55, 477 7,432 6, 641 12,365 13, 760 10, 560 5, 731 20, 246 32,048 13,433 16, 412 4,858 7,908 4,030 5,683 43,860 6, 107 10.305 2 5, 938 13,905 27,119 Per cent of increase: 1899 19IU 29. 4 - 1 . 1 14. 4 9.7 9.5 12.8 37.2 9.1 99.0 9.4 52.0 8 3 15.2 4.3.2 15.4 55.2 11.6 -8 4 33.2 24.5 75. 6 24.7 18 2 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., of municipalities, see note below. ^ Excludes population (704) of the island of Culebra, organized as Municipality of Culebra since 1899. NOTES REGARDING CHANGES IN COUNTY BOUNDARIES. Alabama — 1900-1910: Organized, Houston; gain in area, Cullman; loss in area, Blount, Dale, Geneva, Henry; both gain and loss, Calhoun, Cleburne. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Clay, Franklin, Walker; loss in area, Jefferson, Lawrence, Talladega; both gain and loss, Colbert, Arizona— I890-J900.- Organized, Coconino, Navajo, Santa Cruz; loss in area, Apache, Pima, Yavapai. Arkansas — 1900-1910: Gain in area, Lafayette, Logan, Mississippi, Sebastian; loss in area, Columbia, Scott. 1890-1900: Gain in area. Clay, Crawford, Sevier; loss in area, Franklin, Greene, Howard. Caupornia — 1900-1910: Organized, Imperial; gain in area, Kangs; loss in area, Fresno, San Diego. 1890-1900: Organized, Glenn, Kings, Madera, Riverside; loss in area, Colusa, Fresno, San Bernardino, San Diego, Tulare. Colorado— 1900-1910: Organized, Adams, Denver, Jackson; gain in area. Park, Washington, Yuma; loss in area, Arapahoe, Denver, Jefferson, Larimer; both gain and loss, Adams. 1890-1900: Organized, Mineral, Teller; loss in area, Chaffee, El Paso, Hinsdale, Rio Grande, Saguache; both gain and loss, Fremont. Florida — 1900-1910: Organized, Palm Beach, St. Lucie; loss in area, Brevard, Dade. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Polk; loss in area, Pasco. Georgia— /900-19I0.- Organized, Ben Hill, Crisp, Grady, Jeff Davis, Jenkins, Stephens, Tift, Toombs, Turner; gain in area, Clarke, Fulton; loss in area, Appling, Berrien, Bulloch, Burke, Clayton, Coffee, Decatur, Dooly, Emanuel, Franklin, Habersham, Irwin, Montgomery, Oglethorpe, Screven, Tattnall, Thomas, Wilcox, Worth. Idaho— 1900-1910: Organized, Bonner, Twin Falls; gain in area, Fremont, Nez Perce; loss in area, Bingham, Cassia, Kootenai, Shoshone. 1890-1900: Organized, Bannock, Blaine, Canyon, Fremont, Lincoln; loss in area, Ada, Bingham, Lemhi. yCAHSAS— 1890-1900: Gain in area, Finney. Kentucky— /89&-J900.- Gain in area, Powell; loss in area, Estill. LotJisiANA— J900-/9J0.- Organized, La Salle; less in area, Catahoula. Massachusetts — 1900-1910: Gain in area, Hampden, Norfolk; loss in area, Hampshire; both gain and loss, Middlesex, Suffolk. Michigan— 189&-/900.- Organized, Dickinson; gain in area. Emmet, Keweenaw, Leelanau; loss in area, Marquette, Menominee; both gain and loss, Charlevoix, Iron. Minnesota— J900-;9J0.' Organized, Clearwater, Koochiching, Mahnomen, Pen- nington; loss in area, Beltrami, Itasca, Norman, Red Lake. 1890-1900: Organized, Red Lake, Roseau; gain in area. Crow Wing, Ilubbard; loss in area, Cass, Kittson. Polk. Mississippi — 1900-1910: Organized, Forrest, George, Jefferson Davis, Lamar; loss in area, Covington, Greene, Hancock, Jackson, Lawrence, Marion, Perry; both gain and loss. Pearl River. 1890-1900: Organized, Pearl River; loss in area, Hancock, Marion. Montana — 1900-1910: Organized, Lincoln, Powell, Rosebud, Sanders; loss in area, Custer^ Flathead, Missoula, Silver Bow; both gainand loss. Deer Lodge. 1890-1900: Organized, Broadwater, Carbon, Flathead, Granite, Ravalli, Sweet Grass, Teton, Valley; gain in area. Cascade, Flathead, Lewis and Clark; loss in area, Chouteau, Dawson, Deer Lodge, Jefferson, Meagher, Missoula, Park, Yellowstone. Nebraska — 1900-1910: Organized, Garden, Morrill; gain in area, Dakota; loss in area, Cheyenne, Deuel. 1890-1900: Organized, Boyd; gain in area, McPherson. 'YIrv AD A— 1900-1910: Organized, Clark; loss in area, Lincoln. NSW J'B.RSR'i— 4890-1900: Gain in area. Ocean; loss in area, Burlington. New Mexico — 1900-1910: Organized, Curry, Guadalupe, Luna, McKinley, Quay, Roosevelt, Sandoval, Torrance; loss in area, Bernalillo, Chaves, Dona Ana, Grant, Guadalupe (old), Lincoln, Quay, Roosevelt, San Juan, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Socorro, Union, Valencia; both gain and loss, Rio Arriba. 1890-1900: Organized, Chaves, Eddy^ Guadalupe (old), Otero, Union; gain in area, Bernalillo; loss in area, Colfax, Dona Ana, Lincoln, Mora, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Socorro. New York— 1890-1900: Organized, Nassau; gain in area. New York; loss in area. Queens, Westchester. North Carolina— 7900-7910.- Organized, Lee, Scotland; loss in area, Chatham, Moore, Richmond. North Dakota— 7.900-7970.- Organized, Adams, Bowman, Burke, Di-vide, Dunn, Hettinger, McKenzie, Mountrail, Renville, Sheridan; loss in area, Billings, McLean, Mercer, Stark, Ward, Williams. 1890-1900: Organized, Williams; gain in area, Bill- ings, Bottineau, McHenry, McLean, Mereer, Pierce, Stark, Ward; loss in area, Dunn, Hettinger, Renville, Sheridan, Williams. Oklahoma — Most of the counties were organized in 1907. Among the few existing in 1890 there was no change till after 1900. There has been no later change in Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, and Oklahoma, but since 1900 Canadian has gained in area, Beaver and Payne have lost, while Greer has had both gains and losses. The counties organized between 1890 and 1900 were formed from Indian reserva- tions. Of these counties the following remain unchanged: Dewey, Garfield, Grant, Lincoln, and Pottawatomie; there has been a gain in area in Blame, Custer, Kay, Noble, Pawnee, and Washita, and both gains and losses in Roger Mills, Woods, and Woodward. For comparison of the special enumeration of 1907 with that of 1910 it may be noted that Harmon was organized in 1909; there was a loss of area in Beckham and both gain and loss in Greer. Oregon— 7900-7970.- Organized, Hood River; gain in area. Baker; loss in area. Union, Wasco. 1890-1900: Organized, Lincoln, Wheeler; gain in area, Sherman, Wallowa; loss in area, Benton, Crook, Gilliam, Grant, Tillamook, Union, Wasco. South Carolina— 7900-7970.- Organized, Calhoun, Dillon, Lee; gam in area, Florence, Newberry; loss in area, Berkeley, Darlington, Kershaw, Lexington, Marion, Sumter, Williamsburg; both gain and loss , Orangeburg. 1890-1900: Organ- ized, Bamberg^ Cherokee, Dorchester, Greenwood, Saluda; gain in area. Charleston, Florence; loss m area, Abbeville, Barnwell, Berkeley, Colleton, Darlington, Edge- field, Spartanburg, Union, York. South Dakota— 7900-7970.- Organized, Corson, Harding, Perkins, Tripp; loss in area, Butte, Union; formed, Bennett, Mellette, Todd. 1890-1900: Gain m area, Butte, Gregory, Lyman, Meade, Pennington, Stanley. Tennessee — 1900-1910: Gain in area. Perry; loss in area, Lauderdale, Wayne. 1890-1900: Gain in area, Lewis; loss in area, Hickman, W’ayne. Texas — 1900-1910: Organized, Andrews, Dawson, Gaines, Garza, Gray, Hutchin- son, Lamb, Lynn, Parmer, Reagan, Schleicher, Terreil, Terry, Upton, Winkler, Yoakum; loss in area, Pecos, Tom Green. 1890-1900: Organized, Foard, Sterling; gain in area, Brewster, Webb; loss in area, Hardeman, Knox, Tom Green. Utah— 1900-1910: Gain in area, Sevier; loss in area, Piute. 1890-1900: Organized, Carbon, Grand, Wayne; gain in area, Garfield, Utah; loss in area, Emery, Kane, Piute, Sanpete. Vermont— 7890-7900.- Gain in area, Caledonia; loss in area, Washington. Virginia — 1900-1910: Org.anized and made independent of county, Clifton Forge city; gain in area, Danville city, Lynchburg city, Norfolk city, Portsmouth city, Richmond city, Staunton city; loss in area, Alleghany, Augusta, Campbell, Hen- rico, Manchester city, Norfolk, Pittsylvania. 1890-1900: Org4. 4 Oregon 307,0fi0 365,705 133, 180 280, 356 85,093 232,611 45.0 54.4 32.2 07.8 26.8 73.2 California 1,469,739 907,810 777,699 707,354 589,404 623,934 61.8 38.2 62.4 47.0 48.6 51.4 ' IncJudes population of Indian Territory for 1890 and 1900. UliBAN AND RUJIAL POPULATION. 57 INCREASE IN POPULATION OF URBAN AND RURAL TERRITORY, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1900-1910. Tubl<' 1» DIVISION AND STATE. TTnlted States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central . South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahomas Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. territory urban in 1910. TERRITORY RURAL IN 1910. Population in— Increase: 1!H)0-1910 Population in — Increase: 1 1900-1910 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. 42,623,383 31,609,645 11,013,738 34.8 49,348,883 44,384,930 4,963,953 11.2 5,455,345 4,489,531 965,814 21.5 1,097,336 1,102,486 -5,150 -0.5 13,723,373 10,307,717 3,415,656 33.1 5,592,519 5,146,961 445,558 8.7 9,617,271 7,348,011 2,269,260 30.9 8,633,350 • 8,637,570 -4,220 (’>) 3,873,716 3,022,664 851,052 28.2 7,764,205 7,324,759 4.39,446 6.0 3,092,153 2,337,717 754,436 32.3 9, 102, 742 8,105,763 996,979 12.3 1,574,229 1,186,290 387,939 32.7 6,835,672 6,. 361, 352 474,320 7.5 1,957,456 1,161,736 795,720 68.5 6,827,078 5,370,609 1,456,409 27.1 947,511 575,332 372, 179 64.7 1,686,006 1,099,326 586,681 53.4 2,382,329 1,180,647 1,201,682 101.8 1,809,975 1,236,045 573,930 46.4 381,443 339,564 41,879 12.3 360,928 354,902 6,026 1.7 255,099 226,007 29,092 12.9 175,473 185,581 -10,108 -5.4 168,943 148,406 20,537 13.8 187,013 195,235 -8,222 -4.2 3,125,367 2,569,494 555,873 21.6 241,049 235,852 5,197 2.2 524,654 411,679 112,975 27.4 17,956 16,877 1,079 6.4 999,839 794,381 205,458 25.9 114,917 114,039 878 0.8 7,185,494 5,352,283 1,833,211 34.3 1,928,120 1,916,611 11,509 0.6 1,907,210 1,363,653 543,557 39.9 629,957 520,016 109,941 21.1 4,630,669 3,591,781 1,038,888 28.9 3,034,442 2,710,334 324,108 12.0 2,665,143 2,027,462 637,681 31.5 2,101,978 2,130,083 -28,105 -1.3 1,143,835 876,294 267,541 30.5 1,557,041 1,640,168 -83, 127 -5.1 3,476,929 2,666,333 810,596 30.4 2,161,662 2,155,217 6,445 0.3 1,327,044 966,826 360,218 37.3 1,483,129 1,454,156 28,973 2.0 1,004,320 811,096 193,224 23.8 1,329,540 1,257,946 71,594 5.7 850,294 613,595 236,699 38.6 1,225,414 1,137,799 87,615 7.7 680,054 567,267 112,787 19.9 1,544,717 1,664, .586 -119,869 -7.2 1,398,817 1,143,431 255,386 22.3 1,894,518 1,963,234 -68,716 -3.5 63,236 33,362 29,874 89.5 513,820 285,784 228,036 79.8 76,673 47,945 28,728 59.9 507,215 353,625 153,590 43.4 310,852 261,853 48,999 18.7 881,362 804,447 76,915 9.6 493, 790 355,211 138,579 39.0 1,197,159 1,115,284 81,875 7.3 97,085 85,717 11,368 13.3 105,237 99,018 6,219 6.3 658, 192 593, 133 65,059 11.0 637,154 594,911 42,243 7.1 331.069 278,718 52,351 18.8 476,529 354,861 121,668 34.3 1,585,083 1,499,323 85,760 5.7 228,242 137,464 90, 778 66.0 992,877 821,336 171,541 20.9 318,474 208,215 110,259 53.0 1,887,813 1,685,595 202,218 12.0 224,832 177,270 47,562 26.8 1,290,568 1,163,046 127,522 11.0 538,650 376,052 162,598 43.2 2,070,471 1,840,279 230, 192 12.5 219,080 126,287 92,793 73.5 533,539 402,255 131,284 32.6 555,442 483,233 72,209 14.9 i 1 1,734,463 1,663,941 70,522 4.2 441,045 335,722 105,323 31.4 1,743,744 1,684,779 58,965 3.5 370,431 237,670 132,761 55.9 1,767,662 1,591,027 176,635 11.1 207,311 129,665 77,646 59.9 1,589,803 1,421,605 168,198 11.8 202,681 131,719 70,962 53.9 1,371,768 1,179,960 191,808 16.3 496,516 380,997 115,519 30.3 1,159,872 1,000,628 159,244 15.9 320, 155 89,148 231,007 259.1 1,337,000 701,243 635,757 90.7 938, 104 559,872 378,232 67.6 2,958,438 2,488,838 469,600 18.9 133,420 89,476 43,944 49.1 242,633 153,853 88,780 57.7 69,898 22, 107 47,791 216.2 255,696 139,665 116,031 83.1 43,221 33,526 9,695 28.9 102,744 59,005 43,739 74.1 404,840 269,662 135,178 50.1 394, 184 270,038 124,146 46.0 46,571 26,484 20,087 75.8 280,730 168,826 111,904 66.3 63,260 21,409 41,851 195.5 141,094 101,522 39,572 39.0 172,934 108,168 64,766 59.9 200,417 168,581 31,836 18.9 13,367 4,500 8,867 197.0 68,508 37,835 30,673 81.1 605,530 227,614 377,916 166.0 536, 460 290,489 245,971 84.7 307,060 142,840 164,220 115.0 365, 705 270,696 95,009 35.1 1,469,739 810, 193 659,546 81.4 907,810 674,860 232,950 34.5 2 A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 58 ABSTRACT OF ITIE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN URRAN POPULATION, 15Y STATES: 1900-1910. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RURAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1900-1910. COMMUNITIES CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. 59 There was in every state between 1900 and 1910 an increase in urban poi)iilation, but in six states — namely, Now Hampshire, Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri — there was a decrease in rural population. In all but two states — Montana and Wyoming — the urban population increased faster than the rural po])ulation, and generally at a much more rapid rate. COMMUNITIES CLASS] Proportion in the 'several classes of communities. — In addition to classifying the population according to the broad grouping into urban and rural, a further analysis may be made on the basis of a more detailed size classification. The following table shows, for the The decrease or slow increase in the rural population throughout largo areas is in no sense duo to lack of agricultural pros])erity. On the contrary, in almost all such areas there has been a remarkable increase in the value of farm property. The maps on the opposite page show the rates of increase or decrease in urban and in rural poindation since 1900 for each state. lED ACCOKDING TO SIZE. United States, the number of places constituting each of the specified classes of cities at the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, the combined population of each group, and the percentage which each group represents of the total population of the country. Table 20 CLASS OF PLACES. 1910 1900 1890 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. Number of places. Population. Number of places. Population. Number of places. Population. 1910 liKX) 1890 Total population of the United States Urban territory Places of 1.000,000 Inhabitants or more Piaces of 500,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants Piaces of 250,000 to 500,000 inhabitants Places of 100,000 to 250,000 Inhabitants Places of 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants Places of 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants Places of 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants Places of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants Places of 2,500 to 5,000 inhabitants Hural territory 91,972,266 75,994,575 62,947,714 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 2,402 3 5 11 31 59 120 372 629 1,172 42,623,383 8,501,174 3,010,667 3,949,839 4, 840, 458 4,178,915 4,062,763 5,609,208 4,364,703 4, 105, 656 49,348,883 8, 118, 825 41,230,058 ‘ 1,891 3 3 9 23 41 82 285 476 969 30,797,185 6,429,474 1,645,087 2,8(a,296 3,272,490 2,760,477 2,785,607 4,409,900 3,278,518 3,354,276 45,197,390 6,247,645 38,949,745 1 1,507 3 1 7 17 30 67 232 359 791 22,720,223 3,662,115 806,343 2,447,608 2,781,894 2,027,569 2,298,765 3, 487, 139 2, 495, 594 2,713, 196 40,227,491 4,719,835 35, 507, 656 46.3 9.2 3.3 4.3 5.3 4.5 4.4 6.1 4.7 4.5 53.7 8.8 44.8 40.5 8.5 2.2 3.8 4.3 3.6 3.7 5.8 4.3 4.4 59.5 8.2 51.3 36.1 5.8 1.3 3.9 4.4 3.2 3.7 5.5 4.0 4.3 63.9 7.5 56.4 Incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants 11,784 8, 892 6, 466 I The total number of cities of certain classes for the United States as a whole, and for certain geographic divisions, is less than the sum of the numbers shown for the individual states of the country or of the division, for the reason that three cities each lie in two adjoining states, namely, Bristol (Virginia- Tennessee), Texarkana (Arkansas-Texas), and Union City (Indiana-Ohio), and are therefore coimted twice. Moreover, one of these cities— Bristol— lies in two different geographic divisions (South Atlantic and East South Central). Each of these cities consists of two incorporated municipalities, but each Is, from the statistical standpoint, one city, and should be classed according to its total population. In each case that part of the population lying in each state, whatever its number, is credited to the group of cities to which, according to the total population, the city belongs. According to total population, Bristol fell in 1910 in the class of cities of 10,000-25,000; in 1900 and in 1890, In the class 5,000-10,000; Texarkana fell In 1910 and 1900 in the class of 10,000-25,000, and in 1890 in the class 5,000-10,000; and Union City fell at each census from 1890 to 1910 In the class of 2,500-5,000. In addition to the 46.3 per cent of the total popu- lation which in 1910 resided in communities classed by the Census Bureau as urban, 8.8 per cent resided in incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants, making in all 55.1 per cent residing under conditions more or less urban in character. Nearly one-tenth (9.2 per cent) of the total popu- lation in 1910 resided in the three cities (New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia) which had more than 1,000,000 inhabitants each. If 100,000 inhabitants be taken as the dividing line between large and medium-sized cities, it is seen that 22.1 per cent of the population resided in such large cities. Of the total population, 8.9 per cent resided in cities of medium size, ranging from 25,000 to 100,000 inhab- itants, while the small urban communities of from 2,500 to 25,000 inhabitants contained 15.3 per cent. Comparing the percentages for the three censuses, it is seen that each of the several groups of communi- ties classed as urban comprised a larger percentage of the population of the country in 1910 than in 1900, and that, with two exceptions, each class in 1900 com- prised a larger percentage of the total population than in 1890. The population of each class of cities in the several divisions in 1910 is shown in Table 22 from which the percentages in Table 2 1 are derived. Very great differ- ences appear among the several geographic divisions with respect to the distribution of the urban popula- tion among communities of different sizes. Table 21 PER CENT OF POPULATION IN 1910 LIVING IN— DIVISION. Cities of- Rural dis- tricts. 100,000 or more. 25,000 to 100,000. 10,000 to 25,000. 5,000 to 10,000. 2,500 to 5,000. United States 22.1 9.0 6.1 4.7 4.5 63.7 New England 24.5 25.0 14.3 11.3 8.2 16.7 Middle Atlantic 44.5 10.9 7.0 4.5 4.1 29.0 East North Central 26.1 8.5 7.6 6.0 4.5 47.3 West North Central 13.5 6.9 3.9 4.3 4.7 66.7 South Atlantic 9.6 5.8 3.6 3.3 3.0 74.0 East South Central 7.1 3.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 81.3 West South Central 3.9 7.2 4.0 2.6 4.5 77.7 Mountain 8.1 8.8 5.5 6.6 7.0 64.0 Pacific 34.2 6.4 7.3 3.2 5.7 43.2 60 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table ii CITIES HAVING IN 1910 A POPULATION OF- • RURAL DISTRICTS — POPULATION. DIVISION. 100.000 or more. 25,000 to 100,000. 10,000 to 25,000. 5,000 to 10,000. ' 2,500 to 5,000. Nnmlier of piaces. Aggregate population. Number of i)laoes. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. Number of places. Aggregate population. TTnlted States 60 20,302,138 179 8,241,678 1372 5,609,208 629 4,364,703 1 1,172 4,105,656 49,348,883 New England 8 1,000,984 34 1,637,987 01 93(i, 5.53 106 738,450 153 535, 371 1,097,336 Middle .‘Vtlantic > 11 8, .590, 877 44 2, 110, 782 91 1,349,807 130 875, 771 223 787, 136 5,592,519 East North Central 10 4,701,900 38 1,553,809 88 1,396,143 154 l,08ti, 197 232 819, 156 8,633,350 West North Central 5 1,575,658 17 801,931 33 455,439 71 498, 709 150 541,919 7,704,205 South .\llantic 4 1,172,021 16 712,387 27 444,714 58 397,081 105 365,950 9,102,742 East South Central 4 598,082 7 289,285 15 220,3ti4 33 229,933 67 - 230,565 6,835,672 West South Central 1 339,075 12 636,814 27 354, ,582 33 229,386 117 397, 599 6,827,078 Mountain 1 213,381 5 230,995 12 144, 593 25 174,020 .54 184,522 1,680,006 Pacific 6 1,435,094 6 267,088 19 307,013 19 135,096 05 237,438 1,809,975 * See footnote to table on page 59. Growth of the several classes of urban communities. — In comparing the growth of the several classes of urban communities from 1900 to 1910, each commu- nity is grouped, for both censuses, according to its population in 1910, so as to avoid the chsturbing effect of the passage of communities from one group to another. The jiopulation shown for 1900 represents, so far as it could be ascertained, the population witlrin the boundaries of the communities as constituted in 1910. The comparison for the United States as a whole is presented in Table 23. With one exception, there was in 1910 no very great difference in the rates of growth of the several classes of urban communities. There are two groups in which the increase in popu- lation between 1900 and 1910 was somewhat more than 40 per cent, namely, cities of from 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants and those of from 50,000 to 100,000. For all but one of the other groups the in- crease was between 30 and 40 per cent. The remain- ing group — that comprising five cities having in 1910 from 500,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants — showed an increase during the decade of barely 20 per cent. Table 23 CLASS OF PLACES. Num- ber of places in 1910. AGGREGATE POPULATION IN— increase: 1900-1910 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. United States Territory urban in 1910 . Places of— 1,000,000 or more 500.000 to 1,000,000... 250.000 to 500,000 100.000 to 250,000 50.000 to 100,000 25.000 to 50,000 10.000 to 25,000 5.000 to 10,000 2,500 to 5,000 Remainder of country . . 91 , 972.266 76 , 994,675 16 , 977,691 21.6 > 2,402 42 , 623,383 31 , 609,645 11 , 013,738 34.8 3 5 11 31 59 120 372 629 1,172 8,501,174 3,010,667 3,949,839 4,840,458 4,178,915 4,062,763 5,609,208 4,. 364, 703 4.105,656 49 , 348,883 6,429,474 2,601.226 2,932.040 3,421,849 2,948,511 3,028,007 4,153,442 3, 194, 278 3,000,818 44 . 384,930 2,071,700 509,441 1,017,799 1,418,609 1,230,404 1,034,756 1,455,766 1,170,425 1,104,838 4 , 963,963 32.2 20.4 34.7 41.5 41.7 34.2 35.0 36.6 36.8 11.2 > See footnote to table on page 59. Table 24 presents a comparison of the increase, between 1900 and 1910, in the population of different classes of urban communities and of rural territory in each of the nine geographic divisions of the United States. The number of classes of urban communities shown in Table 24 has been reduced to three by con- solidating some of the minor groups shown in the ta))le immediately ])receding. Table 24 DIVISION. CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE IN 1910. CITIES OF 25,000 TO 100,000 IN 1910. CITIES OP 2,500 TO 25,000 IN 1910. TERRITORY RURAL IN 1910. Num- ber. Aggregate population. Per cent of in- crease. Num- ber. Aggregate population. Per cent of in- crease. Num- ber. Aggregate population. Per cent of in- crease. Population. Per cent of in- crease.! 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 50 20,302,138 15,284,589 32.8 179 8,241,678 .5,976,518 37.9 22,173 14,079,567 10,348,538 36.1 49,348,883 44,384,930 11.2 New England 8 1,600,984 1,325,651 21.2 34 1,637,987 1,269,941 29.0 320 2,210,374 1,893,939 16.7 1.097,336 1,102,486 -0.5 Middle Atlantic 11 8,699,877 6,575,912 30.8 44 2.110,782 1,574,958 34. 0 444 3,012,714 2,150,847 39.7 5, 592, 519 5,146,901 8.7 East N orth Central . . 10 4,761,966 3,600,614 32.3 38 1,553,809 1,127,923 37.8 474 3,301,496 2,619,474 20.0 8,033,350 8,037,570 (») WestNorth Central . 5 1,575,658 1,208,321 30.4 17 801,931 640, 520 25.2 260 1,490,127 1,173,823 27.5 7,704,205 7,. 324, 759 6.0 South Atlantic 4 1,172,021 974, 643 20.3 16 712,387 510, 427 37.9 190 1,207,745 846, ('>47 42.7 9, 102, 742 8,105,763 12.3 East South Central . . 4 598,082 444, 444 34.6 7 289,285 237,257 21.9 115 680,862 504, .589 36.1 6,835,672 6,301,352 7.5 W est South Central . 1 3.39,075 287, 104 18.1 12 036,814 331,409 92.2 177 981,567 543. 223 80.7 6,827,078 5,370,069 27.1 Mountain 1 213,381 140, 472 61.9 5 230, 995 149,556 54.5 91 503, 135 285,304 76.4 1,680,000 1,099,325 53.4 Pacific 6 1,435, 094 727,428 97.3 0 267,088 128. 527 108.3 103 679, 547 324, 092 109.3 1,809.975 1,236,045 46.4 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. > See footnote to table on page 69. “ A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. P01>ULATI0N OF METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS. METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS. 61 In its general tables dealing with the population of cities, the Bureau of the Census must necessarily deal with political units, or, in other words, with the popula- tion contained within the municipal boundaries of each city. It is a famihar fact that, in some cases, the municipal boundaries give only/ an inadequate idea of the population grouped about one urban center. In the case of many cities there are suburban districts with a dense population outside the city limits, which, in a certain sense, are as truly a part of the city as the districts which are under the municipal government. It seems desirable, therefore, to show the magnitude of each of the principal population centers taken as a whole. Statistics have been compiled for each city in the United States vdth a population of 200,000 inhabit- ants or more, which, in addition to the population within the city limits, show the population in adjoining communities which may be considered as intimately associated with the urban center. Such districts are designated as “metropolitan districts.” In laying out such metropolitan districts the popu- lation is first determined for all civil divisions (that is, cities, towns, boroughs, townships, precincts, etc.) lo- cated within 10 miles of the city boundaries. Divisions which lie partly within and partly without the 10-mile limit are included if either one-half of their total popu- lation or one-half of their total area comes within that limit. State boundaries are disregarded, so that in some cases the metropolitan district lies partly in two states. From the territory lying within the limits thus determined there have been deducted all divisions which have a population of less than about 150 or 200 inliabitants per square rmle. Where the density of population is less, the division may be considered as rural rather than urban in character, and as not prop- erly a part of the metropolitan district. There are a few exceptions to this rule where a minor civil division has been included within the metropolitan district, even though it had a lower density than that just stated, because that division was completely or almost surrounded by other civil divisions having a density which would require them to be included. The exception in such cases seems justified in order to avoid undue irregularity in the shape of the districts, or gaps lying wholly within their area. Since a strict application of the rules for determining the metropolitan district of Boston would give an area almost identical with the area of the “industrial dis- trict” of Boston, as laid out in a previous census bulletin (1909), the latter area is for convenience of comparison considered as the metropolitan district. The same is true of New York City, except that Nas- sau County, which was not included in the industrial district, has been added to the metropolitan district. In the case of the other industrial districts shown in the bulletin mentioned, the areas were so different from the metropolitan districts, as determined by the application of the rule here described, that no attempt was'made to secure conformity. Table 25 on the next page showsfor 1910 and 1900 the population of 25 metropolitan districts as defined by the Census Bureau, distinguishing the population lying within the city proper from that outside the city. The cities are arranged in the order of the aggregate population of the metropolitan district. It wUl be noted that two cities of more than 200,000 inhabitants — Newark and Jersey City — do not appear in the table, for the reason that they are included witliin the metropolitan district of New York. The importance of the suburbs of great cities is con- spicuously indicated by the combined statistics for the 25 metropolitan districts, which appear at the begin- ning of the table. The combined population of the metropolitan districts in 1910 was 22,088,331, of which 17,099,904 represents the population of the central cities and 4,988,427 that of the suburban areas, the latter being equal to nearly 30 per cent of the population of the cities proper. The figure of 17,099,904 rep- resents the population of 28 cities, since there are three metropolitan districts in each of wliich there are two cities of such large population that both are treated as the central cities of tjie district, namely, Minne- apolis and St. Paul; Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo.; and San Francisco and Oakland. The table shows further that the population of the metropolitan districts lying outside of the central cities increased between 1900 and 1910 somewhat more rapidly than that within their boundaries, the increase for the suburban districts being 43 per cent and for the cities proper 33.2 per cent. The table emphasizes the well-known fact that the cities of the country have quite a different rank when their suburbs are taken into account from that which they hold when only the population within the city boundaries proper is considered. 62 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS: 1910 AND 1900. Table 25 CITIES OF 200,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE. CITY. Area in af;res : 1910 Population. Per cent of in- 1910 1900 crease: 1900- 1910 Total for 25 metropolitan districts 4,717,632.2 22,088,331 .... 16.322.800 35.3 In central cities (28 cities) 1,185, 795.8 17,099,904 12,833,201 33.2 Outside central cities 3,531,736.4 4,988.427 3,489,599 43.0 NEW YORK. Metropolitan district 616,927.6 6,474,568 4,007,804 40.5 In city proper 183,5,55.0 4,766,883 3,437,202 38.7 Outside 433,372.6 1,707,085 1, 170,002 45.9 CHICAGO. Metropolitan district 409.086.7 2,446,921 1,837,987 33.1 In city proper 118,43.3.1 2,185,283 1,698,575 ■ 28.7 Outside 290,653.0 261,638 139,412 87.7 PHILADELPHIA. Metropolitan district 437,732.5 1,972,342 1,623,149 21.5 In city proper 83,340.0 1,549,008 1,293,697 19.7 Outside 354,392.5 423,334 329, 452 28.5 BOSTON. Metropolitan district 335,904.7 1,520,470 1,249,504 21.7 In city proper 26,289.0 670,585 560,892 19.6 Outside 309,615.7 849,885 688,612 23.4 PITTSBURGH. Metropolitan district 405,880.1 1,042,855 792,908 31.5 In city proper 26,510.7 533,905 451,512 18.2 Outside 379,369.4 508,950 341,456 49. 1 ST. LOUIS. Metropolitan district 197,993.4 828,733 049,711 27.6 In city proper 39,276.3 087,029 575,238 19. 4 Outside 158,717.1 141,704 74,473 90.3 SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND. Metropolitan district 289,380.8 686,873 473,073 45.2 Incityproper(San Francisco). 29,760.0 416,912 342,782 21.6 In city proper (Oakland) 29,248.0 150, 174 66,900 124.3 Outside 230,372.8 119,787 63,331 89.1 BALTIMORE. Metropolitan district 184,659.8 658,715 577,670 14.0 In citv proper 19,290.2 558,485 508,957 9.7 Outside’. 165,369.6 100,230 68,713 45.9 CLEVELAND. Metropolitan district 103,173.6 613,270 420,020 46.0 In city proper 29,208.8 560,663 381,768 46.9 Outside 73,964.8 62,607 38,252 37.5 CINCINNATI. Metropolitan district 111,771.7 563,804 495,979 13.7 In city proper 31,893.3 363,591 325,902 11.6 Outside. 79,878.4 200,213 170,077 17.7 MINNEAPOLTS-ST. PAUL. Metropolitan district 94,539.0 526,256 372,009 41.5 In city proper (Minneapolis).. 32,069.0 301,408 202,718 48.7 In city preper (St. Paul) 33,390.0 214,744 163,065 31.7 Outside'. 29,080.0 10,104 6,226 62.3 DETROIT. Metropolitan district 96,553.8 600,982 318,967 57.1 In city proper 26, 102. 6 465, 766 285, 704 63.0 Outside 70, 451.2 35,216 33, 263 6.9 CITIES OP 200,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE. ary. Area in 1 Population. Per cent of in- crease:' litOO- 1910 1910 1910 1900 BUFFALO. Metropolitan district 132,413.4 488, 661 394,031 24.0 In city proper Outside 24.791.0 107, 622. 4 423,715 64, 946 352,387 41,644 20.2 56.0 LOS ANGELES, Metropolitan district 252,826.8 438, 226 123,062 256.1 In city proper 63,480.0 319,198 102, 479 211.5 Outside 189,346.8 119.028 20,583 478.3 MILWAUKEE. Metropolitan district 112,339.4 427, 175 324,963 31.5 In citv proper 14,585.8 373,857 285,315 31.0 Outside’ 97. 753. 6 53, 318 39,648 34.5 PROVIDENCE. Metropolitan district 126,469.4 395,972 306,110 29.4 In’ city proper.' 11,352.2 224,326 175,597 27.8 Outside 115, 117. 2 171,646 130,513 31.5 WASHINGTON. Metropolitan district 190,389.2 367,869 305,684 20.3 In city proper 38,408.4 331,069 278,718 18.8 Outside’ 151,980.8 36,800 26,966 36.5 NEW ORLEANS. Metropolitan district 137,760.0 348, 109 294,615 18.2 In city proper 125,440.0 339,075 287, 104 18.1 Outside 12,320.0 9,034 7,511 20.3 KANSAS aTY (MO. AND KANS.). Metropolitan district 62,030.5 340,446 228,235 49.2 In city proper (Kans. Citv, Mo.). 37,443.0 248,381 163,752 51.7 In city proper ( Kans.Clty ,Kans.) 10,940.0 82,331 51,418 60.1 Outside 13,647.5 9,734 13,065 -25.5 LOUISVILLE. Metropolitan district 141,504.9 286,158 259,856 10.1 In citv proper 13,229.7 223,928 204,731 9.4 Outside'. 128,275.2 62,230 55,125 12.9 ROCHESTER. Metropolitan district 119, .506. 7 248,512 185,409 34.0 In citv proper 12,876.3 218,149 162,608 34.2 Outside 106, 630.4 30,363 22,801 33.2 SEATTLE. Metropolitan district 41,151.6 239,269 80,885 195.8 In city proper 35, 750. 0 237,194 80,671 194.0 Outside' 5,401.6 2,075 214 869.6 INDIANAPOLIS. Meti opolitan district 27,850.4 237,783 173,632 36.9 In city proper 21,130.4 233,650 169, 164 38.1 Outside 6, 720.0 4,133 4,468 -7.5 DENVER. Metropolitan district 46, 148. 0 219,314 135,809 61.6 In city proper 37,028.0 213,381 133,859 59.4 Outside 9,120.0 6,933 1,950 204.3 PORTLAND, OREG. Metropolitan district 43,538.2 215,048 91,668 134.6 In’ city proper 30,975.0 207,214 90,426 129.2 Outside 12,563.2 7,834 1,242 530.8 • A minus sign ( — ) Note.— The following statement gives the name and population of each munic- ipality of 6,000 Inhabitants or more falling within each metropolitan district, except the central city Itself. • New York district. — New York: Yonkers city, 79,803; Mount Vernon city, 30,919: New Rochelle city, 28,807; Mamaroneck village, 5,099. New Jersey:' Newark city, 347,409: Jersey City, 207,779; Paterson city, 125,600; Elizabeth city, 73,409; Hoboken city, 70,324; Bayonne city, 55,545; Passaic city, 54,773; West Hobo- ken town, 35,403; East Orange city, 34,371; Perth Amboy city, 32,121; Orange city, 29,0.30; Montclair town, 21,550; Union town, 21,023; Kearny town, 18,(i.59: Bloomfield town, 15,070; Harrison town, 14,498; Hackensack town, 14,0.50; West New York town, 13,.5(4); Irvington town, 11,S77: Englewood city, 9,924: Rahway city, 9,337; Rutherford borough, 7,045; South Orange village, 6,014; Nutley town, 6,009: Roosevelt borough, 5,780; Guttenberg town, 5,647. Chicago district. — Illinois: Evanston city, 24,978; Oak Park village, 19,444; Cicero town, 14,557; Chicago Heights city, 14, ,525; Blue Island village, 8,043; May- wood village, 8,033; Harvey city, 7,227; Forest Park village, 0,.594: Berw^ city, 5,841; La Grange village, 5,282. Indiana: Hammond city, 20,925; East Chicago city, 19,098; Gary city, 10,802; Whiting city, 6,587. Philadelphia district.— Pennsylvania: Chester city, 38,537; Norristown borough, 27,875; Bristol borough, 9,250; Conshohockeii borough, 7,480; Darby borough, 6,, 305. New Jersey: Camden city, 94,538; Gloucester city, 9,402; Burlington city, 8,336. Boston district. — Cambridge city, 104,839; Lynn city, 89,330; Somerville city, 77,236; Malden city, 44,404; Salem city, 4.3,697; Newton city, 39,806; Everett city, 33,484; Quincy city, 32,642; Chelsea city, 32,452; Waltham city, 27,834; Brook- line town, 27,792; Medford city, 2.3,1.50; Revere town, 18,219; I’eabody town, 15,721; Melrose city, 15,715; Hyde I’ark town, 15,.507; Woburn city, 15,308; Framingham town, 12,948; Weymouth town, 12,895; Watertown town, 12,875; Wakefield town, 11,404; Arlington town, 11,187; Winthrop town, 10,132; Na- tick town, 9,866; Winchester town, 9,309; Dedham town, 9,284; Braintree town, 8,060; Saugus town, 8,047; Norwood town, 8,014; Milton town, 7,924; Marblehead town, 7,3.38; Stoneham town,7,090; Swampscott town, 0,204; Bel- mont town, 5,512; Wellesley towm, 5,413; Needham town, 5,020. denotes decrease. Pittsburgh district. — McKeesport city, 42,694; Braddock borough, 19,357; W'ilkins- burg borough, 18,924; Homestead borough, 18,713; Duquesne borough, 15,727; McKees Rocks borough, 14,702; North Braddock Irorough, 11,824; Carnegie borough, 10,009; Sharpsburg borough, 8,153; Jeanette borough, 8,077; Milivale borough, 7,861; New Kensington borough, 7,707; Tarentum borough, 7,414; Swdssvale borough, 7,381; Bellevue borough, 6,323; Wilmerding borough, 6,133; Carrick borough, 6,117; Rankin borough, 0,042; Etna borough, 5,^0; Knoxville borough, 5,651; St. Clair borough, 5,640; East Pittsburgh borough, 5,615; Glassport borough, 5,540; Coraopolis borough, 5,252; Munhall borough, 5,185. St. Louis district. — Missouri: Wellston city, 7,312; Webster Groves city, 7,080. Illinois: East St. Louis city, 58,547; Granite city, 9,903; Madison village, 5,046. San Francisco-Oakland district. — Berkeley city, 40,434; Alameda city, 23,383; Richmond city, 6,802; San Rafael city, 5,934. Cleveland distrief.— Lakewood city, 15,18l; East Cleveland city, 9,179; Newburgh city, 5,813. Cincirinalt district.— Ohio: Norwood city, 16,185; Madisonvillo city, 5,193; St. Beiu;ird city, 5,002. Kentucky: Covington city, 63,270; Newport city, 30,309; Dayton city, 6,979; Bellevue city, 6,083. Detroit di.sfricf.— Wyandotte city, 8,287. Buffalo district. — Lackawanna city, 14,549; North Tonawanda city, 11,955; Tona- wanda city, 8,290. Z/OS A npHcs district. —Pasadena city, 30,291; Long Beach city, 17,809; Santa Monica city, 7,847; Alhambra city, 6,021. Milwaukee district. — West Allis city, 6,645; South Milwaukee city, 6,092. Providence district. — Pawtucket city, 51,622; Warwick t04vn, 26,629; Central Falls city, 22,754; Cranston city, 21,107; East Provlouis vllle 223,928 204, 731 161,129 9.4 27.1 Newport 30,309 28,301 24,918 7.1 13.6 Louisiana New Orleans 339,075 287, 104 242,039 18.1 18.6 Shreveport 28,015 16,013 11,979 75.0 33.7 Maine Lewiston 26,247 23,761 21,701 10.5 9.5 Portland 58,571 50, 145 36,425 16.8 37.7 Maryland Baltimore 558,485 508,957 434,439 9.7 17.2 2 Population is for the District of Columbia, with which the city is coextensive. 64 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION P(3PULATION OF CITIES HAVING, IN 1910, 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1890-1910 — Continued. Table ‘Z7— Continue!'. CITY. Massachusetts Boston Brockton Brookline town. Cambridge Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fall River Fitchburg Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Lowell Lynn Malden New Bedford Newton Pittsfield Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Worcester Michigan Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth MinneapoUs St. Paul Missouri Joplin Kansas City. St. Joseph... St. Louis Springfield. . Montana Butte. Nebraska Lincoln Omaha South Omaha. New Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Jersey City Newark Orange Passaic Paterson Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town New York Albany Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Rochelle New York Manhattan Borough.. Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough Richmond Borough. . . POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE.! 1910 1900 1.S90 IIMMV- UHO IlHM) i 070, 585 560,892 448,477 19.6 25.1 50,878 40,063 27,294 42.0 46.8 27, 792 19,9.35 12, 103 39.4 04.7 104,839 91,886 70, 028 14. 1 31.2 32,452 34,072 27,9(X» -4.8 22.1 25, 401 19, 167 14,050 32.5 36.4 .33, 484 24,336 11,068 37.6 119.9 119,295 104,863 74,398 13.8 40.9 37,826 31,531 22,037 20.0 43. 1 44,115 37, 175 27,412 18.7 35.6 57, 730 45,712 35,637 26.3 28.3 85,892 62,559 44,654 37.3 40. 1 100, 294 94,969 77,696 11.9 22.2 89,336 68,513 55, 727 30.4 22.9 44,404 33,664 23,031 31.9 46.2 96,652 62,442 40, 733 54.8 53.3 39,806 33,587 24,379 18.5 37.8 32, 121 32,642 21,766 17,281 47.6 20.0 23,899 16,723 36.6 42.9 43,697 35,956 30,801 21.5 16.7 77, 236 61,643 40, 152 25.3 53.5 88,926 62,059 31,036 44,179 43.3 40.5 34,259 25,448 10.4 22.0 27,8.34 23,481 18,707 18.5 25.5 145,986 118,421 84,655 23.3 39.9 25,267 18,563 13, 197 36.1 40.7 45, 166 27, 628 27,839 63.5 -0.8 465, 766 285, 704 205,870 63.0 38.8 38, 550 13, 103 9,803 194.2 33. 7 112,571 87,-565 60, 278 28.6 45.3 31,433 25, ISO 20, 798 24.8 21. 1 39, 437 24, 404 17,853 61.6 36.7 31,229 16,485 13, 102 89.4 25.8 50,510 42,345 46,322 19.3 -8.6 78,466 52,969 33, 115 48.1 60.0 301,408 202, 718 163,065 164, 738 48.7 23. 1 214,744 133, 156 31.7 22.5 .32,073 26, 02.3 9,943 23.2 101.7 248,381 163,752 132, 716 51.7 23.4 77.403 102,979 52,324 -24.8 96.8 687, 029 575,238 451,770 19.4 27.3 35,201 23,267 21,850 51.3 6.5 39,165 30,470 10, 723 28.5 184.2 43,973 40, 169 102,555 55, 154 9.5 -27.2 124,096 140,452 21.0 -27.0 26,259 26,001 8,062 1.0 222. 5 70,06.3 56, 987 44, 126 22.9 29. 1 26,005 23,898 19,311 8.8 2.3.8 40, 150 27, 838 13,055 65.8 113.2 55,545 32, 722 19,0.33 69.7 71.9 94,538 75,935 58,313 24.5 30. 2 34,371 73,409 21,506 * 59.8 52, 130 37,764 40.8 38.0 70,324 59,364 43,648 18.5 36.0 267, 779 206, 4.33 163,003 29.7 26.6 347,469 246,070 181,830 41.2 35.3 29, 630 24,141 18,844 9 . 9 . 7 28. 1 54, 773 27, 777 13,028 97.2 113.2 125, 600 105,171 78,347 19.4 34.2 32, 121 17,699 9,512 81.5 86. 1 96.815 35, 403 100,253 73, 307 23,094 94,151 57,458 32.1 53.3 27.6 94, 923 6.5 -o.s 31,267 20, 929 17,336 49.4 20.7 34,668 .30, 345 25,8.58 14.2 17.4 48, 44.3 39,647 35. 005 22.2 13.3 423,715 352, 387 255, 064 20.2 ■ ,37.8 37,176 35, 672 30, 893 4.2 1.5.5 31,297 22, 892 24, .535 16,038 36.7 42. 7 25,908 21,261 5.6 15.4 30,919 21,228 10, s:io 45. 7 96.0 28,867 14,720 9,0.57 96. 1 62. 5 4.766,883 .3,437,202 2,.507,414 38.7 37. 1 2,331.543 1,850,093 1,441,216 26.0 28.4 430, 980 200. 507 88,908 114.9 125.5 1.634,351 1,166,582 838, 547 40. 1 39.1 284.041 152, 999 87,050 85.6 75.8 85,969 67, 021 51,693 28.3 29.7 CITY. POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE.! 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 New York Con. Newburgh 27,805 24,943 23,087 11 . 5 ’ 8.0 Niagara Falls. 30, 445 19,457 Poughkeepsie 27,936 24 ; 029 22, 200 16.3 8.2 Rochester 218, 149 162,608 133,896 34.2 21.4 Schenectady 72,826 31,682 19, 902 129.9 59.2 Syracuse 137,249 108,374 88,143 26.6 23.0 Troy 76,813 60, 651 60, 956 26.6 -0.5 Utica 74,419 56, 383 44,007 32.0 28.1 Watertown 26, 730 21,696 14, 725 23.2 47.3 Y onkers 79,803 47,931 32, 033 66.5 49.6 North Carolina Charlotte 34, 014 18,091 11,557 88.0 56.5 Wilmington 25, 748 20, 976 20, 056 22.7 4.6 Ohio Akron 69,067 42, 728 27, 601 61.6 ,54.8 Canton 50, 217 30,667 26, 189 63.7 17.1 Cincinnati 363, 591 325, 902 296,908 11.6 9.8 Cleveland 560, 663 381,768 261,353 46.9 46. 1 Columbus 181,511 125,560 88,150 44.6 42.4 Dayton 116,577 85, 333 61,220 36.6 39.4 Hamilton 35,279 23,914 17,565 47.5 36.1 Lima 30, 508 21, 723 15,981 40.4 35.9 Lorain 28, 883 16,028 4,863 80.2 229.6 Newark 25.404 18,157 14,270 39.9 27.2 Springfield 46,921 38, 2,53 31,895 22.7 19.9 Toledo 168,497 131,822 81,434 27.8 61.9 Youngstown 79, 066 44,885 33,220 76.2 35.1 Zanesville 28, 026 23, 538 21,009 19.1 12.0 Oklahoma 25,278 4,254 494.2 Oklahoma City 64, 205 10,037 4,151 539.7 141.8 Oregon Portland 207, 214 90, 426 46,385 129.2 94.9 Pennsylvania Allentown 51,913 35,416 25,228 46.6 40.4 Altoona 52,127 38,973 30,337 33.8 28.5 Chester 38, 537 33,988 20, 226 13.4 68.0 Easton 28,523 25,238 14,481 13.0 74.3 Erie 66, 525 52, 733 40, 634 26.2 29.8 Harrisburg 64,186 50,167 39. 385 27.9 27.4 Hazleton 25, 452 14,230 11,872 78.9 19.9 55, 482 35,936 21,805 54. 4 64.8 Lancaster 47,227 41 ; 459 32,011 13.9 29.5 McKeesport 42.694 34,227 20, 741 24.7 65.0 New Castle 36,280 28, 339 11,600 28.0 144.3 Norristown borough 27, 875 22, 265 19, 791 25.2 12.5 Philadelphia 1,549,008 1,293,697 1.046,964 19.7 23.6 Pittsburgh 533, 905 M61,512 ■‘343,904 18.2 31.3 Reading 96,071 78, 961 58, 661 21.7 34.6 Scranton 129,867 102, 026 75, 215 27.3 .35. 6 Shenandoah borough 25,774 20,321 15,944 26.8 27.5 Wilkes-Barre 67,105 51.721 37,718 29.7 .37.1 Williamsport 31,800 28, 757 27, 132 10.8 6.0 York 44.750 33, 708 20. 793 32.8 62.1 Rhode Island Newport 27, 149 22, 441 19. 4,57 21.0 15.3 Pawtucket 51.622 39, 231 27, 633 31.6 42.0 Providence 224, 326 175, .597 1.32,146 27.8 32.9 Warwick town 26. 629 21,316 17,761 24.9 20.0 Woonsocket 38, 125 28, 204 20, ,S30 35.2 35.4 South Carolina Charleston .58. 833 55, 807 54. 9.55 5.4 1.6 Columbia 26,319 21, 108 15.353 2-1.7 37.5 Tennessee Chattanooga 44,604 30, 1,54 29,100 47.9 3.6 Knoxville 36,346 32, 637 22, 535 11.4 44.8 Memphis 131 , 105 102, 320 •61,495 28.1 .58.6 Nashville 110,361 80, 865 70,168 36.5 6.2 Texas .\ustin 29, 800 22,258 14,. 575 34.2 52.7 Dallas 92, 104 42, 038 38, 067 116.0 12.0 El Paso 39, 279 15, OlHi 10, 33,8 146.9 .53.9 Fort Worth 73,312 20, 088 23, 076 174.7 1,5. 7 Galveston 36, 981 37, 7.S9 29, 084 -2.1 29.9 Houston 78, 800 44, 033 27.. 5.57 76. 6 62. 0 .San Antonio 96,614 .53,:i21 37,673 ,81.2 41.5 Waco 26, 425 20, 080 14,445 27.7 4 : 5.2 ■ A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. 2 Population of New York and its boroughs as now constituted. 2 Includes population of .\llegheny : I'.lOO, 129, .S96; 1890, 105,287 POPULATION OF CITIES 65 POPULATION OF CITIES HAVING, IN 1910, 25,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, WITH PER CENT OF INCREASE: 1890-1910 — Conliaued . Table 27— Continued. CITY. Utah Ogden Smt Lake City Virginia I^chburg Norfolk Portsmouth Richmond Roanoke Washington Seattle Spokane Tacoma POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE.! 1 1910 1900 1890 1900- 1910 1890- 1900 25,580 16,313 14,889 56,8 9.6 92, 777 53,531 44,843 73.3 19.4 29,494 18,891 19,709 56.1 -4.2 67, 452 46, 624 34,871 44.7 33.7 33, 190 17,427 13,268 90.5 31.3 127,628 85,050 81,388 50.1 4.5 34,874 21, 495 16, 159 62.2 33.0 237, 194 80, 671 42,837 194.0 88.3 104, 402 36,848 19,922 183.3 85.0 83,743 37, 714 36,006 122.0 4.7 CITY. POPULATION. PER CENT OF INCREASE.! 1910 1900 1890 1910 1890- 1900 West Virginia Huntington 31,161 11,923 10, 108 161.4 18.0 Wheeling 41.641 38,878 34,522 7.1 12.6 Wisconsin Green Bay 25, 236 18, 684 9,069 35.1 106.0 La Crosse 30,417 28,895 25,090 5.3 15.2 Madison 25, 531 19,164 13, 426 33.2 42.7 Milwaukee 373,857 285, .31 5 204, 468 31.0 39.5 Oshkosh 33,062 28, 284 22,836 16.9 23.9 Racine 38,002 29,102 21,014 .30.6 38.5 Sheboygan 26, 398 22,962 16,359 15.0 40.4 Superior 40,384 31,091 11,983 29.9 159.5 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. [This table includes all incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the tovraships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a iwpulation of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Table 28 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OB BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Alabama Alabama City town 4,313 ■^,276 Anniston city 12,794 9,695 9,998 Attalla town 2,513 1,692 1,254 Bessemer city 10,864 6,358 4,544 Birmingham city 132,685 38,415 26, 178 Decatur city 4,228 3,114 2,765 Dothan city 7,016 3,275 247 Eufaula city 4,259 4,532 4,394 Florence city 6,689 6,478 6,012 Gadsden city 10,557 4,282 2,901 4,214 3,840 Greenville city 3,377 3; 162 2,806 Huntsville town . 7,611 8,068 7,995 Jasper town 2,509 1,661 780 Lanett town 3,820 2,909 777 Mobile city 51,521 38, 469 31,076 Montgomery city 38, 136 30,346 21,883 New Decatur city 6,118 4,437 3,565 Opelika city 4,734 4,245 3,703 Phenix City 4,555 4, 163 3,700 Selma city 13,649 8,713 7,622 Sheffield city 4,865 3,333 2,731 Talladega city 5,854 5,056 2,063 Troy city 4,961 4,097 3,449 Tuscaloosa city 8,407 5,094 4,215 Tuscumbia city 3,324 2,348 2,491 Tuskegee town 2,803 2,170 1,803 Union Springs town . . . 4,055 2,634 2,049 Arizona Bisbee city 9,019 Clifton city 4; 874 Douglas city 6,437 GlolTe city/. 7^083 Nogales town 3;514 1,761 1,194 Phoenix city 11,134 5,544 3,152 Prescott city 5,092 3,559 1,759 Tucson city 13, 193 7,531 5,150 2,914 Arkansas Argenta city 11,138 Arkadelphia city 2,745 2,739 2,455 Batesville city 3,399 2,327 2,150 Blytheville town 3,849 302 Cainden city 3; 995 2,840 2,571 Conway city 2,794 2,003 1,207 El Dorado city 4,202 1,009 455 Eureka Springs city . . . 3,228 3,572 3,706 Fayettevflle city 4,471 4,061 2,942 Fordyce city 2,794 1,710 980 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Arkansas — Con. Fort Smith city Helena city Hope city Hot Springs city.... Jonesboro city Little Rock city Malvern town Marianna city Mena town Newport town Paragould city Pine Bluff city Prescott town Rogers town Russellville city Stuttgart city Texarkana city * Van Buren city California Alameda city Alhambra city Anaheim town Bakersfield city Berkeley city Chico city Coalinga city Colton city Corona city Emeryville town. . . Eureka city Fresno city Glendale city Grass Valley city . .. Hanford city Hayward town Lodi city Long Beach city Los Angeles city Marysville city Merced city Mill Valley town. . . Modesto city Monrovia city Monterey city Napa city Nevada City Oakland city Ocean Park city Ontario city CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 C alifornia— Con. 1910 1900 1890 23,975 8,772 3,639 14,434 7,123 11,587 5,550 1,644 9,973 4,508 11,311 5,189 1,937 8,086 2,065 45,941 2,778 4,810 3,953 3,557 38,307 1,582 1,707 3,423 2,866 25,874 1,520 1,126 1,571 5,248 15, 102 2,705 2,820 3,324 11,496 2,005 2,158 1,666 9,952 1,287 1,265 2,936 2,740 5,655 3,878 1,832 1,258 4,914 2,573 1,321 1,165 3,528 2,291 23,383 ■ 5,021 2,628 12,727 40, 434 16,464 11,165 1,456 4,836 13,214 1,273 2,626 5,101 3,750 4, 199 2,640 2,894 / 3; 980 3,540 2,613 1,285 1,434 1,315 i;oi6 228 11,845 24,892 2,746 7,327 12, 470 4,858 10,818 4; 520 4,829 4,719 2; 929 942 2,746 2,697 17,809 319, 198 5,430 1,965 1,419 2,252 102,479 3,497 564 50,395 3,991 3,102 2,551 4,034 3,576 4,923 1,969 2,009 2,024 1,205 1,748 2,402 907 1,662 5,791 2,689 150, 174 3,119 4,274 4,036 3,250 66,960 4,395 2,524 48,682 722 683 Orange city... Oroville city.. Oxnard city . . Palo Alto city Pasadena city. Petaluma city. Pomona city . . . Porterville city Red Bluff city. Redding city '. . Redlands city Redondo Beach city. . . Richmond city Riverside city Roseville city Sacramento city Salinas city San Bernardino city.. . San Diego city San Francisco city San Jose city San Leandro city San Luis Obispo city.. San Mateo city San Rafael city Santa Ana city Santa Barbara city Santa Clara town ..*.... Santa Cruz city Santa Monica city Santa Rosa city South Pasadena city... Stockton city Tulare city Vallejo city Ventura city Visalia city Watsonville city Whittier city Woodland city Colorado Alamosa town Boulder city Canon City Colorado City Colorado Springs city. . 2,920 3,859 2,555 1,216 866 4; 486 1,658 30,291 9,117 4,882 5,880 3,871 3,692 10,207 2,696 3,530 5,526 3,634 2,750 2,608 3,572 2,946 1,821 10,449 4,797 1,904 2,935 6,802 15,212 2,608 44,696 855 603 7,973 4,683 29,282 26,386 3,736 3,304 2,339 12,779 6,150 4,012 39,578 17,700 16, 159 416,912 342,782 298,997 28,946 21,500 18,060 3,471 2,253 5,157 3,021 2,995 4,384 1,832 5,934 3,879 3,290 8,429 4,933 3,628 11,659 6,587 5,864 4,348 3,650 2,891 11,146 5,659 5,596 7,847 3,057 1,580 7,817 6,673 6,220 4,649 1,001 623 23,253 17,506 14,424 2,758 2,216 2,697 11,340 7,965 6,343 2,945 2,470 2,320 4,550 3,085 2,885 4,446 3,528 2,149 4,550 1,590 585 3, 187 2,886 3,069 3,013 1,141 973 9,539 6, 150 3,330 5,162 3,775 2,825 4,333 2,914 1,788 29,078 21,085 11,140 I Joint population of Texarkana city .Miller County, Ark., and Texarkana city, Bowie County, Tex.: 1910, 15,445; 1900, 10,170; 1890, 6,380. 72497°— 13 5 C6 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION rOrUr.ATlON of places J[AVING, in lyio, 2,500 inhabitants oh more: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Tills tiihln inolu(]('S all incorporal.cd jilaces having 2, .100 iiiliahitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Tiit>lo 2H— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR HORUUGII. 1910 1900 1890 Colorado — Con. 6,206 10,147 Denver city 213,381 133,859 106,713 Durango city 4,686 3,317 2,726 2,983 2,712 3,728 Fort Collin.s city 8,210 3,053 2,011 Fort Morgan city 2,800 634 488 Grand Junction city.. . 7,754 3,503 2,030 Greeley city 8,179 3,023 2,395 Da Junta city 4,154 2,513 1,439 Lamar town 2,977 987 566 Leadville city 7,508 12,455 10,384 Longmont city 4,256 2,201 1,543 Loveland city 3,651 1,091 698 Monte Vista town 2,544 556 ISO Montrose city 3,254 1,217 1,330 Pueblo city 44,395 28, 157 24,558 Rocky Ford city 3,230 2,018 468 Salida city 4,425 3,722 2,586 Sterling city 3,044 998 540 Trinidad city 10,204 5,345 5,523 3,162 4,986 Connecticut Ansonia city 15, 152 12,681 Berlin town 3,728 3,448 2,600 Bethel town 3,792 3,327 3,401 Bethel borough SMI 2,661 2,336 Branford towii 6,047 5,706 4,460 Branford borough S,B60 2,lf7S Bridgeport city 102,054 70, 996 48,866 Bristol town 13,502 9,643 7,382 9,5t7 6,26% Canton town. .' 2,732 2,018 2,500 Danbury town 23, 502 19,474 19,473 Danbury city SO.SSIt 16,537 16,652 Danielson borough (see Killingly town). Darien town 3,946 3,116 2,276 Derby city 8,991 7,930 East Hartford town. . . 8', 138 6,406 4,455 East Windsor town 3,362 3,158 2,890 Enfield town 9,719 6,699 7, 199 Essex town 2,745 2,530 2,035 Fairfield town 6,134 4,489 3,868 Farmington town 3,478 3,331 3,179 Glastonbury town 4,796 4,260 3,457 Greenwich town 16,463 12,172 10, 131 Greenwich borough. . . S,SS6 2,J,20 Griswold town 4,233 3,490 3,113 Jewett City borough.. S,01S 2,224 1,934 Groton town 6,495 5,962 5,539 Guilford town 3,001 2,785 2,780 Hamden town 5,850 4,626 3,882 Hartford city 98,915 79,850 53,230 Huntington town 6,545 5, 572 4,006 Shelton borough If, 807 2,837 1,952 Jewett City borough (see Griswold town). Killingly town 6,564 6,835 7,027 Danielson borough . . . S,9S4 2,823 Litchfield town 3,005 3,214 3,304 Manchester town 13,641 10,601 8,222 Meriden town 32,066 28, 695 25, 423 Meriden city S7,m 24,296 21,662 Middletown town 20,749 17,486 15,205 Middletown city ll,85t 9,689 9,013 Milford town 4,366 3,783 3,811 Montville town 2,804 2,395 2,344 Naugatuck borough. . . 12,722 10,541 New Britain city 43,916 25,998 16,519 New Canaan town .... 3,667 2,968 2,701 New Haven city 133,605 108,027 81,298 New London city 19,659 17,. 548 13,757 New Milford town 5,010 4,804 3,917 Newtown town 3,012 3,276 3,539 Norwalk town 24,211 19, 9.32 17,747 6,964. 6,06 South Norwalk city . . . 8,968 6,691 Norwifh town 28,219 24,637 23,048 Norwich city 20,367 17,261 16,166 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR nououGH. 1910 1900 1890 C onnectlcut— Con. Orange town 11,272 6,995 4,537 West Haven borough. 8,643 6,2jf7 Plainfield town 6,719 4,821 4,582 riainville town 2,882 2,189 1,993 Plymouth town 5,021 2,828 2,147 Portland town 3,425 3,856 4,687 Putnam town 7,280 7,348 6,512 Putnam city 6,637 6,667 Ridgefield town 3,118 2,626 2,235 Rockville city (see Ver- non town). Salisbury town 3,522 3,489 3,420 Seymour town 4,786 3,541 3,300 Shelton borough (see Huntington town). Simsbury town 2,537 2,094 1,874 Southington town 6,516 5,890 5,501 Southington borough . 3,714 3,411 South Norwalk city (see Norwalk town). Sprague town 2,551 1,339 1,106 Stafford town 5, 233 4,297 4,535 Stafford Springs bor- ough 3,059 2,460 2,363 Stamford town 28,836 18,839 15,700 Stamford city 26,138 16,997 Stonington town 9,154 8,540 7,184 Stratford town 5,712 3,657 2,608 Suffield town 3,841 3,521 3,169 Thomaston town 3,533 3,300 3,278 Thompson town 4,804 6,442 5,580 Torrington town 16,840 12,453 6,048 Torrington borough. 16,483 8,360 4,283 Vernon town 9,087 8,483 8,808 Rockville city 7.977 7,287 7,772 Wallingford to’wn 11,155 9,001 6,584 Wallingford borough. 8,690 6,737 4,230 Waterbury city 73,141 45,859 28,646 W aterford' town 3,097 2,904 2,661 W atertown town 3,850 3,100 2,323 W est Hartford town. . . 4,808 3, 186 1,930 West Haven borough (see Orange town). W estport town 4,259 4,017 3,715 Wethersfield town 3,148 2,637 2,271 Willimantic city (seel Windham town). W inchester town 8,679 7,763 6,183 Winsted borough 7,764 6,804 4,846 W indham town 12,604 10, 137 10,032 W illimantic city 11,230 8,937 8,648 Windsor town 4,178 3,614 2,954 Windsor Locks town. . 3,715 3,062 2,758 Winsted borough (see Winchester town). Delaware Dover town 3,720 3,329 3,061 Milford town 2,603 2,500 2,565 New Castle city 3,351 3,380 4,010 Wilmington city 87,411 76,508 61,431 District of Columbia Washington city ■ 331,069 278,718 230,392 Florida Apalachicola city 3,065 3,077 2,727 Bartow town 2,662 1,983 1,386 Daytona city 3,082 1,690 771 De Land city 2,812 1,449 1,113 Fernandina city 3,482 3,245 2,803 Gainesville city 6,183 3,633 2,790 Jacksonville city 57, 699 28,429 17, 201 Key West city 19, 945 17,114 18,080 Lake City 5,032 4,013 2,020 Lakeland town 3,719 1,180 552 Live Oak city 3,450 1,659 687 5,471 1,681 Ocala city 4,370 3 ; 380 2,904 Orlando city 3,894 2,481 2,850 Palatka city 3,779 3,301 3,039 > Coextensive with District of Columbia. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Florida— Con. Pensacola city 22 , 982 17,747 11,750 Quincy city 3,204 847 681 St. Augustine city 5,494 4,272 4,742 St. Petersburg town... 4,127 1,575 273 Sanford city 3,570 1,450 2,016 Tallahassee city 5,018 2,981 2,934 Tampa city 37,7g2 15,839 5,532 W est Tampa city 8,258 2,355 Georgia Albany city 8,190 4,606 4,008 Americus city 8,063 7,674 6,398 Athens city 14,913 10,245 8,639 Atlanta city 154,839 89,872 65,533 Augusta city 41,040 39,441 33,300 Bainbridge city 4,217 2,641 1,668 Barnesvillecity 3,068 3,036 1,839 Brunswick city 10, 182 9,081 8,459 Carrollton town 3,297 1,998 1,451 Carters vine city 4,067 3,135 3,171 Cedartown town 3,551 2,823 1,625 Columbus city 20,554 17,614 17,303 Cordele city 5,883 3,473 1,578 Covington city 2,697 2,062 1,823 Cuthbert town 3,210 2,641 2,328 Dalton city 5,324 4,315 3,046 Dawson city 3,827 2,926 2,284 3,550 617 Dublin city 5,795 2,987 862 East Point town 3,682 1,315 738 Elberton city 6,483 3,834 1,572 5,795 1,817 Fort Valley town 2,697 2, 022 1,752 Gainesville city 5,925 4,382 3,202 Griffin city 7,478 6,857 4,503 Hawkinsville city 3,420 2, 103 1,755 La Grange city 5,587 4,274 3,090 Macon city 40, 665 23,272 22,746 Marietta city 5, 949 4,446 3,384 Milledgeville city 4,385 4,219 3,322 Monroe city 3,029 1,846 983 3,349 2,221 Newnan city 5 ; 548 3,654 2,859 Quitman city 3,915 2,281 1,868 Rome city 12, 099 7,291 6,957 Sandersville city 2,641 2,023 1,760 Savannah city 65,064 54,244 43, 189 Statesboro city 2,529 1,197 425 Summerville town .... 4,361 3,245 Thomasville town 6,727 5,322 5,514 Toccoa town 3,120 2,176 1,120 Valdosta city 7,656 5,013 2,854 Washington city 3,065 3,300 2,631 Waycross city 14,485 5,919 3,364 Waynesboro town 2,729 2,030 1,711 Idaho Boise city 17,358 5,957 2,311 Caldwell city 3,543 997 779 Coeur d’Alene city 7,291 508 491 4,827 1,262 Lewiston city 6,043 2,425 849 3,670 2,484 Nampa city 4,205 '799 347 9,110 4, 046 2.993 5, 258 Wallace city. ." 3,000 2,205 878 Weiser city 2,000 1,364 901 Illinois Alton city 17,528 14,210 10, 294 Anna city 2,809 2,018 2,295 Aurora city 29,807 24,147 19,688 2,668 1 , 573 Batavia city 4, 430 3 ; 871 3,543 Beardstown city 0, 107 4,827 4,226 Belleville city 21,122 17, 484 15,361 Belvidero city 7.253 0, 937 3,867 Benton city 2,675 1,341 939 Berwvn citv 5,841 POPULATION OF CITIES. 67 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890--Continuo(l. iThls table iin’liulos all incorporated places haviiif; 2,r)00 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have boon returned by the census enninerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It al.so includes all towns in Now England which had a population of 2,.'i00 or more In 1910. J Tablets— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OU BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Illinois— Con. Bloomington city 26, 768 23, 286 20,484 Blue Island village. . . . 8. 043 6, 114 3,329 Bridgeport city 2,703 487 474 Bushnellcity 2,619 2,490 2,314 Cairo city 14,548 12,566 10, 324 Canton city 10, 453 6,564 5,604 Carbondale city 5,411 .3,318 2,382 Carlinville city 3, 616 3,502 3, 293 Camii city 2,833 2,939 2,785 Carterville city 2,971 1,749 969 Centralia city 9,680 6,721 4,763 Champaign city 12,421 9,098 5,839 Charleston city 5,884 5,488 4, 135 Chester city 2,747 2,832 2,708 Chicago city 2, 185, 283 1,698,575 1,099,850 Chicago Heights city. . 14, 525 5, 100 Cicero town 14,557 16,310 10, 204 Clinton city 5,165 4,452 2,598 Coal City 2,667 2,607 1,672 Colhnsville city 7,478 4,021 3,498 Danville city 27,871 16,354 11,491 Decatur city 31,140 20,754 16,841 Dekalb city 8, 102 5,904 2,579 Dixon city 7,216 7,917 5, 161 Downers Grove village 2,601 2,103 960 Duquoin city 5,454 4,353 4,052 2, 665 East St. Louis city 58,547 29,655 15, 169 Edwardsville city 5,014 4,157 3,561 Effingham city 3,898 3,774 3,260 3,366 1,445 Elgin city. . 25, 976 22, 433 17,823 24,978 19,259 Fairbury city 2,505 2,187 2,324 Flora city 2, 704 2,311 1,695 Forest Park village 6,594 4,085 Freeport city 17,567 13,258 10, 189 Galena city 4,835 5,005 5,635 Galesburg city 22,089 18,607 15, 264 Geneseo city 3,199 3,356 3, 182 9,903 3, 122 Greenville city 3,178 2; 504 1,868 Harrisburg city 5,309 2,202 1,723 Harvard city 3,008 2, 602 1,967 7,227 5,395 Havana city 3,525 3,268 2,525 6,861 1,559 Highland city 2,675' 1,970 1,857 Highland Park city 4,209 2,806 2, 163 Hillsboro city 3,424 1,937 . Hoopeston city 4,698 3,823 1,911 Jacksonville city 15,326 15,078 12,935 Jerseyville city 4,113 3,517 3,207 Johnston city 3,248 787 Joliet city. . 34; 670 29,353 23, 264 Kankakee city 13, 986 13, 595 9,025 Kewanee city 9,307 8,382 4,569 La Grange village 5,282 3,969 2,314 La Salle city 11,537 10, 446 9,855 Lake Forest city 3,349 2,215 1,203 Lawrenceville city 3,235 1,300 865 Lincoln city 10,892 8,962 6, 725 Litchfield city 5,971 5,918 5,811 Lockport city 2,555 2,659 2,449 Macomb city 5, 774 5,375 4,052 Madison village 5,046 1,979 Marion city . 7,093 2; 510 1,338 Marseilles city 3,291 2.559 2,210 Marshall city 2,569 2,077 1,900 Mattoon city 11,456 9,622 6,833 Maywood village 8,033 4,532 Melrose Park village. . . 4,808 2; 592 Mendota city 3,806 3,736 3,542 Metropolis city 4,655 4,069 3,573 Moline city 24, 199 17,248 12,000 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Illinois— Con. Monmouth city 9,128 7,460 5,930 Morgan Park village. . . 3,694 2, 329 1,027 Morris city 4,563 4,273 3, 653 2,837 2,705 Mount Carmel city 6;934 4,311 3,376 Mount Olive village. . . 3,501 2,935 1,986 Mount Vernon city 8,007 5,210 3,233 Murphysboro city 7,485 6,463 3,880 Naperville city 3,449 2,029 2,216 Normal town 4,024 3,795 3,459 North Chicago city.. . . 3,306 1,150 19, 444 Olney city 5; on 4,260 3,8.31 Ottawa city 9,535 10,588 9,985 Pana city 6, 055 5,530 5,077 Paris city 7,664 6, 105 4,996 Paxton city 2,912 3,036 2, 187 Pekin city 9,897 8, 420 6,347 Peoria city 66,950 56, 100 41,024 Peru city 7,984 6,863 5, 550 Petersburg city 2, 587 2,807 2,342 Pinckney ville city 2,722 2,357 1,298 Pontiac city 6,090 4,266 2,784 Portland city 3,194 Princeton city i, 131 4,023 3,390 Quincy city 36, 587 36, 252 31, 494 Robinson city 3,863 1,683 1,387 Rochelle city 2,732 2,073 1,780 Rock Falls city 2, 657 2,176 1,900 Rock Island city 24,335 19, 493 13,634 Rockford city 45, 401 31,051 23,584 St. Charles city 4,046 2,675 1,690 Salem city 2,669 1,642 1,493 2,557 2,520 2,516 Savanna city". 3,691 3; 325 3,097 Shelby ville city 3,590 3, 546 3,162 Sparta city 3,081 2,941 1,979 Spring Valley city 7,035 6,214 3,837 Springfield city 51,678 34, 159 24,963 Staunton city 5,048 2, 786 2,209 Sterling city 7,407 6,309 5,824 Streator city 14,253 14,079 11,414 Sullivan city 2,621 2,399 1,468 Sycamore city 3,926 3,653 2,987 Taylorville city 5,446 4, 248 2,829 Upper Alton city 2,918 2,373 1,803 Urbana city 8,245 5,728 3,511 Vandalla city 2,974 2,665 2,144 Venice city 3,718 2,450 932 Virden city 4,000 2,280 1,610 Waukegan city 16,069 9,426 4,915 WestHammond village 4,948 2,935 Westville village 2,607 1,605 Wheaton citj-.T 3,423 2,345 1,622 White Hall city 2,854 2,030 1,961 Wilmette village 4,943 2, 300 1,458 W innetka village 3,168 1,833 1,079 Woodstock city 4,331 2,502 1,683 Zion City 4,789 Indiana Alexandria city 5,096 7, 221 715 Anderson city 22, 4-’6 20, 178 10,741 Angola city 2, 610 2, 141 1,840 Attica city 3,335 3,005 2,320 Auburn city 3,919 3,396 2,415 Aurora city 4,410 3,645 3,929 Bedford city 8,716 6,115 3,351 Bicknell town 2, 794 Bloomington city 8,838 6, 460 4,6i8 Bluffton city 4,987 4, 479 3,589 Boonville city 3,934 2,849 1,881 Brazil city 9,340 7,786 5,905 Clarksville town 2,743 2, 370 1,692 Clinton city 6,229 2,918 1,365 Columbia City 3,448 2,975 3,027 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 19(M) 1890 Indiana — Con. Columbus city 8,813 8,130 6,719 Connersvillo city 7, 738 6,836 4,548 Crawfords ville city. ■. . . 9,371 6,649 6, 089 Crown Point town 2,526 2,330 1,907 Decatur city ; 4,471 4,142 3, 142 Dunkirk city 3,031 3,187 1,024 East Chicago city 19,098 3,411 1,255 Elkhart city 19, 282 15, 184 11,360 Elwood city 11,028 12, 950 2,284 Evansville city 69, 647 59,007 50,756 Fairmount town 2, .506 3, 205 1,462 Fort Wayne city 63, 933 45, 115 35, 393 Frankfort city 8,634 7, 100 5,919 Franklin city 4, ,502 4,005 3,781 Garrett city 4,149 3,910 2,767 Gary city 16,802 Gas City. 3; 224 3,622 145 Goshen city 8,514 7,810 6,033 Greencastlecity 3, 790 3,661 4, 390 Greenfield city 4,448 4,489 3, 100 Greensburg city 5,420 5,034 3,596 Hammond city 20,925 12, 376 5,428 Hartford City 6, 187 5,912 2,287 Huntington city 10,272 9, 491 7,328 Indianapolis city 233,650 169, 164 105,436 3,295 Jeffersonville city 10i412 10, 774 10,666 Kendallville city 4,981 3,354 2, 960 Kokomo city 17,010 10, 609 8,261 Lafayette cfty 20,081 18, 116 16,243 Laporte City 10,525 7,113 7, 126 Lawrenceburg city ... . 3,930 4,326 4,284 I^banon city 5,474 4,465 3,682 Linton city 5,900 3,071 958 Logansport city 19,050 16, 204 13,328 Madison city 6,934 7,835 8,936 Marion city 19,359 17,337 8,769 Martinsville city 4,529 4,038 2,680 Michigan City 19,027 14,850 10, 776 Mishawaka city 11,886 5,560 3,371 Mitchell city 3,438 1,772 1,583 Montpelier city 2,786 3,405 808 Mount Vernon city 5,503 5, 132 4,705 Munciecity 24, 005 20,942 11,345 New Albany city 20,629 20,628 21,059 New Castle city 9,440 3,406 2,697 Noblesvllle city 5,073 4,792 3,054 North Vernon city 2,915 2,823 2,012 Peru city 10,910 8,463 7,028 Plymouth city 3,838 3,656 2,723 Portland city 5, 130 4,798 3,725 Princeton eity 6,448 6,041 3,076 Richmond city 22,324 18, 226 16,608 Rochester city 3,364 3,421 2,467 Roc kport city 2, 736 2,882 2,314 Rush ville city 4,925 4,541 3,475 Seymour city 6,305 6,445 5,337 Shelbyvillecity 9,500 7,169 5,451 South Bend city 53,684 35, 999 21,819 Sullivan city 4,115 3,118 2,222 Tell City 3,369 2,680 2,094 Terre Haute city 58, 157 36, 673 30, 217 Tipton city 4,075 3,764 2,697 Union City * 3,209 2,716 2, 681 Valparaiso city 6,987 6,280 5, 090 Vincennes city 14, 895 10, 249 8,853 Wabash city 8,687 8,618 5, 105 Warsaw city 4,4;i0 3,987 3, 574 Washington city 7,854 8,551 6,064 West Lafayette town . . 3,867 2,302 1,242 West Terre Haute town 3,0.83 651 Whiting city 6,587 3,983 1,408 Winchester city 4,206 3,705 3,014 Iowa Albiacity 4,909 2,889 2,359 Algonacity 2,908 2,911 2,068 Ames city 4,223 2, 422 1,276 Anamosacity 2, 983 2,891 2, 078 Atlantic city. 4,500 5.046 4,351 • Joint population of Union City, Randolph County, Ind., and Union City village, Darke County, Ohio: 1910, 4,804; 1900, 3,998; 1890, 3,974. 68 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Tilts table inoliules all itioorporalod place.s having 2,.')00 inhabitants or more In 1910, so tar as they have been returned by the census enumerators separatefrom the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] Tabic 2S— Con. CITY, TOWN, VI6L.^.GE, OR UOROUOII. 1910 1900 1890 Iowa— Con. Bello Plaine city ,3, 121 3,283 2,623 Boone city 10,347 8,880 6,520 Burlington city 24,324 23, 201 22,505 Carroll city 3,540 2,882 2,448 Cedar Falls city 5,012 5,319 3,459 Cedar Rapids city 32,811 25,656 18,020 Centerville city 6,930 5,256 3,608 Chariton city 3,794 3,989 3, 122 Charles City .5,892 4,227 2,802 Cherokee city 4,884 3,865 3,441 Clarindacity 3,832 3,276 3,202 Clinton city 25,, 577 22, 698 13,019 Colfax city 2,524 2,053 957 Council Bluffs city 29, 292 25, 802 21,474 Cresco city 2,058 2,806 2,018 Creston city 0,924 7.752 7,200 Davenport city 43. 028 35, 254 26, 872 Decorah city 3,592 .3, 246 2,801 Denison city 3,133 2, 771 1,782 Des Moines city 80,308 62, 139 50,093 Dubuque city 38,494 36, 297 30,311 Eagle Grove city 3,387 3,557 1,881 Esthervillecity 3,404 3,237 1,475 Fairfield city 4,970 4,689 3,391 Fort Dodge city 15. 543 12, 162 4,871 Fort Madison city 8,900 9,278 7,901 Glenwoodcity 4,0.52 3,040 1.890 Grinnellcity 5,030 3,860 3,332 Hampton city 2,017 2,727 2,007 Harlan city 2,570 2,422 1,765 Independence city 3,517 3,656 3,163 Indianoiacity 3,283 3,261 2,254 Iowa City 10,091 7,987 7,016 Iowa Falls city 2,797 2,840 1,796 Keokuk city 14,008 14,641 14,101 Knoxville city 3, 190 3,131 2,032 Le Mars city 4,157 4,146 4,030 Manchester city 2, 7.58 2,887 2,344 Maquoketa citv 3.570 3.777 3,077 Marion city 4.400 4,102 3,094 Marshalltown city 13,374 11,544 8,914 Mason City 11,230 6,746 4,007 Missouri Valley city . . . 3, 187 4,010 2,797 Mount Pleasant city. . . 3,874 4,109 3,997 Muscatine city 10, 178 14,073 11,454 Mystic town 2, 663 1,758 875 Newton city 4.010 3,682 2,504 Oelwetncity 6.028 5,142 830 Oskaloosacity 9, 466 9, 212 6,558 Ottumwa city 22,012 18. 197 14,001 Pella city 3,021 2,623 2, 408 Perry city 4,030 3,986 2, 880 Red Oak city 4,830 4,355 3,321 Sheldon citv 2,941 2,282 1.478 Shenandoah city 4,976 3,573 2, 440 Sioux City 47,828 33,111 37, 806 Spencer city 3,005 3,095 1,813 Valley Junction city. . . 2,573 1,700 Vmtoncity 3,3.30 3,499 2,805 Washington city 4,380 4,255 3,235 Waterloo city 26, 093 12, 580 6, 674 Waverly city 3,205 3,177 2,346 Webster City 5,208 4,613 2,829 Wintcrsetcity 2,818 3,039 2,281 Kansas Abilene city 4,118 3,507 3,547 Anthony city 2, 609 1,179 1,800 Arkansas City 7,508 6, 140 8, .347 Atchison city 10, 429 15,722 13,903 Beloit city 3,082 2,359 2,455 Caney city 3,597 887 542 Chanutecity 9,272 4,208 2,820 Cherrvvale city 4,. 304 3,472 2, 104 Clay Center city 3, 438 3,009 2, 802 Coffeyville city 12, 687 4,953 2,282 Columbus city 3,064 2,310 2, 100 Concordia city 4,41.5 3,401 3, 184 Council Grove city 2,545 2,205 2,211 Dodge citv 3,214 1,942 1 , 703 Eldorado cil v 3, 129 3, 400 3,3.39 Emporia citv 9,0.58 8,223 7,, 5.51 Fort Scott city 10, 403 10, ,322 11,940 Fredoniacity .3,040 1,050 1,515 Frontenae eity 3, 396 l,8a5 600 Galena city 6,090 10, 155 2,490 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Kansas— Con. Garden city 3,171 1,590 1,490 Great Bend city 4,022 2,470 2,450 Herington city 3,273 1,007 1,,353 Hiawatha city 2,974 2,829 2,486 Holton city 2,842 3,082 2,727 Horton city 3,600 3,398 3,316 Humboldt city 2,548 1,402 1,301 Hutchinson city 16,364 9,. 379 8,682 Independence city 10,480 4,851 3,127 lola city 9,032 5,791 1,706 Junction city 5,598 4,695 4,502 Kansas City 82,331 51,418 38,316 Kingman city 2,570 1,785 2,390 Earned city 2,911 1,583 1,861 Lawrence city 12,374 10,862 9,997 Leavenworth city 19,363 20, 735 19, 768 McPherson city 3,546 2,996 3, 172 Manhattan city 5,722 3,438 3,004 Neodesha city 2,872 1,772 1,528 Newton city 7,862 6,208 5,605 Olathe city 3,272 3,451 3,294 Osawatoniie city 4,046 4,191 2,662 Ottawa city 7,050 6,934 6,248 Paola city 3,207 3,144 2,943 Parsons city 12, 403 7,682 6,736 Pittsburg city 14,755 10,112 6,697 Pratt city 3,302 1,213 1,418 Rosedale city 5,960 3,270 2,276 Salina city 9,688 6,074 6, 149 Topeka city 43, 684 33,608 31,007 Wellington city 7,034 4,245 4,391 Wichita city 52,450 24,671 23,853 Winfield city 6,700 5,554 5,184 Kentucky Ashland city 8,688 6,800 4,195 Bellevue city 6,683 6,332 3, 163 Bowling Green city 9, 173 8,226 7,803 Catlettsburg city 3,520 3,081 1,374 Central City toym 2,545 1,348 1,144 Corbin to\vn 2,589 1,544 42,938 Covington city 53,270 37,371 Cynthiana city 3,603 3,257 3,016 Danville city 5,420 4,285 3,766 Dayton city 0,979 6, 104 4,204 Earlington city 3,931 3,012 1,748 Frankfort city 10,405 9,487 7,892 Franklin city 3,003 2,166 2,324 Fulton town 2,575 2,860 1,818 Georgetown town 4,533 3,823 Harrodsburg city 3, 147 2,876 3,230 Henderson city 11,452 10,272 8,835 Hickman town 2,730 1.589 1,652 Hopkinsville city 9,419 7,280 5,833 Lebanon city 3,077 3,043 2,816 Lexington city 35,099 26, 369 21,507 Louisville city 223, 928 204,731 161,129 Ludlow town 4, 163 3.334 2,469 Madisonville city 4,906 3,628 2,212 Mayfield city 5,916 4,081 2,909 Maysville city 0, 141 6,423 5,358 Middlcsboro city 7,305 4, 162 3,271 Morganfield city 2,725 2,040 1,094 Mount Sterhng city 3,932 3,501 3, 029 Newport citj’ 30, 309 28,301 24, 918 Nicholasville city 2,935 2,393 2,157 OwciLsboro city 10,011 13, 189 9,837 Paducah city 22, 700 19, 440 12, 797 Paris city 5,859 4,003 4,218 Princeton town 3,015 2,550 1,857 Richmond city 5,340 4,053 5,073 .3,111 3,412 2,591 3,016 2,253 2, 079 Shelbyville city Somerset city 4,491 3,. 384 2, 025 Winchester city 7, 156 5,904 4,519 Louisiana Abbeville town 2,907 1,530 637 Alexandria city 11,213 5, 648 2,801 Baton Rouge city 14,897 11,269 10, 478 Covington town 2,001 1,205 970 Crowley city 5,099 4,214 420 Donaldsonville town . . 4,090 4,105 3, 121 Franklin l.own 3,857 2,092 2, 127 Hammond town 2,942 1,511 092 Houma town 5,024 3,212 1,280 Jennings town 3,925 1,539 412 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OK BOROUGH. Louisiana— Ckin. Kentwood town Lafayette town Lake Charles city Mindcn town Monroe city Morgan City Natchitoches town New Iberia city New Orleans city Opelousas town Patterson town Plaquemine town Ruston to'ATi Shreveport city Thibodaux town Winnfield town Maine Auburn city Augusta city Bangor city Bath city Bellast city Biddeford city Brewer city Bridgton town Brunswick town Brunswick village... Calais city Camden town Caribou town Chelsea town Dexter town East Livermore town.. Eastport city Eden town Ellsworth city Fairfield town Faiifield village Farmington town Fort Fairfield town Fort Kent town Gardiner city Gorliam town Hallowell city Houlton town Jay town Kennebunk town Kittery town Ijewiston city Lisbon town Lubec town Madison tovin Millinocket town Milo tovra Norway town Old Town city Orono town Paris town Pittsfield town Portland city Presque Isle town Presque Isle village . Rockland city Ruraford town Rumford Falls village Saco city Sanford town Skowhegan town South Berwick town.. South Portland city .. . Van Bureu town Waldoboro town Watervillecity Westbrook city Winslow town York town Maryland Annapolis city Baltimore city IJrunswick town Cambridge town Chestertown town 1910 1900 1890 3,609 1,313 6, .392 3,314 2,106 11,449 6,680 3,442 3,002 1,561 1,298 10, 209 5,428 3,256 5,477 2,332 2,291 2,532 2,:*8 1,820 7,499 6,816 3,447 339,075 287, 104 242,039 4, 023 2,998 4,955 2,951 1,572 3,590 3,222 3,377 1,324 767 28,015 16,013 11,979 3,824 2,925 15,064 3,253 2,078 12,951 11,250 13,211 11,683 10,527 24,803 21,850 19, 103 9,390 10, 477 8,723 4,618 4,615 5,294 17,079 16, 145 14,443 5,667 4,835 4,193 2,660 2,868 2,605 6,021 6,806 6,012 5,SU 5,210 6,116 7,655 7,290 3,015 2,825 4,621 5.377 4,758 4,087 3,210 3,092 2,356 3,530 2,941 2,732 2,641 2, 129 1,506 4.901 5,311 4,908 4,441 4,379 1,946 3,549 4,297 4,804 4,435 3,878 3,510 s,m 2,2S8 2, ISO 3,210 3,288 3,207 4,381 4, 181 3,526 3,710 2,528 1,826 5,311 5,501 5, 491 2,822 2,540 2,888 2,864 2,714 3,181 5.845 4,686 4,015 2,987 2,758 1,541 3,099 3,228 3,172 3,533 2,872 2,864 26,247 23,761 21,701 4,116 3,003 3, 120 3,363 3,005 2,009 3,379 3,368 2,764 1,815 2,556 1,150 1,029 3,002 2,902 2,665 6,317 5,703 5,312 3,555 3,257 2,790 3, 436 3,225 3,156 2,891 2,891 2,503 58,571 50,145 36,425 5,179 3,804 3,046 «,,9.?8 1,256 1,262 8,174 .8, 174 8,160 6, 777 3,770 898 5,4«7 2,595 6,583 6, 122 6,075 9, 049 6,078 4,201 5,341 5,180 5,068 2,935 3, 188 3,434 7, 471 6,287 3,065 1,878 1,168 2,056 3,145 3,. 505 11,458 9,477 7,107 8,281 7,283 6,632 2,709 2,277 1,814 2,802 2,668 2,444 8, 609 8,525 7,604 558, 485 508,9.57 434, 439 3,721 2,471 6, 407 5.747 4,192 2, 735 3,008 2,632 POPULATION OF CITIES 69 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE; 1910, 1900, AND 1890 -Continuod. [This table includas all Incorporate Keyport borough 3,554 3 , 413 3,411 Lanibertville city 4,657 4,637 4.142 Idttle Ferry borough. . . 2,541 1,240 781 Lodi borough 4,138 1,917 998 Long Branch city 13,298 8,872 7,231 Madison borough 4,658 3,754 2,469 Millvillocity 12,451 10,583 10,002 21,550 13,962 Morristown town 12,507 1L207 8,156 New Brunswick city ... 23,388 20,006 18,603 Newark city 347,469 246,070 181,8.30 Newton town 4,467 4,376 3,003 North Plainfield bor- 6,117 5, 009 6,009 Orange city 29^630 24,141 18,844 Passaic city 54,773 27,777 13,028 Paterson city 125,600 105, 171 78,347 Perth Amboy city 32, 121 17,699 9,512 Phillip.sburg town 13,903 10, 052 8,644 Plainfield city 20,550 15,369 11,267 Pleasantville borough. . 4,390 2,182 Princeton borough 5, 136 3,899 3,422 Prospect Park borough . 2,719 Rahway city 9 ; 337 7,935 7,105 Raritan town 3,672 3,244 2,556 Red Bank borough 7,398 5,428 4,145 Ridgewood village 5,416 2,685 1,047 Roosevelt borough 5, 786 Roselle borough 2 , 725 1,652 996 Roselle Park borough . . 3, 138 Rutherford borough . . . 7 ; 045 4,411 2,293 Salem city 6, 614 5,811 5,516 Secaucus borough 4,740 1,626 Somerville borough 5 ! 060 4 ; 843 3,861 South Amboy city 7,007 6,349 4,330 South Orange village. . . 6,014 4,608 3,106 South River borough. . . 4,772 2,792 1,796 Summit city 7,500 5, 302 Tenafly borough 2 ; 756 1,746 1,046 Trenton city 96,815 73,307 57,458 Union town • 21,023 15, 187 10,643 Vineland borough 5,282 4,370 3,822 Wallingtonborough 3,448 1,812 Washington borough... 3,567 3,580 2,831 West Hoboken town . . . 35, 403 23,094 West New Y ork town . . 13,560 5,267 West Orange town 10,980 6,889 Westfield town 6, 420 Wharton borough 2,983 2,069 Woodbury city 4,642 4 ; 087 3,911 New Mexico Albuquerque city 11,020 6,238 3,785 Clovis city 3,255 Las Cnices town 3 ; 836 Las Vegas city (East Las Vegas P. O.) 3,755 3,552 2,312 Las Vegas town 3,179 2,767 2,385 Raton city 4,539 3,540 1,255 Roswell city 6, 172 2,049 343 Santa Fe city 5,072 5,603 6,185 Silver City 3,217 2,735 2, 102 Tucumcari city 2,526 New York Albany city 100,253 94,151 94, 923 Albion village 5,016 4,477 4,586 Amityville village 2,517 2,0.38 2,293 Amsterdam city 31,267 20,929 17.336 Auburn city 34,668 30,345 25,858 Babylon village 2,600 2,157 Baldwinsville village. . . 3 ; 099 2 ; 992 .3,040 Ballston Spa village 4,138 3,923 3,527 Batavia village 11,613 9,180 7,221 Bath village 3,884 4,994 3,261 Binghamton city 48, 443 39, 647 35,005 Brockport village 3,579 3,398 3,742 Buffalo city 423,715 352,387 255, 664 Canandaigiia village . . . 7,217 6,151 5,868 Canastota village 3,247 3,030 2,774 1 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OH BOROUGH. New York— Con. Canton village. . . Carthage village. Catskill village... Clyde village Cohoes city Cold Springs village. Corning city Cornwall village Cortland city Dansville village Depew village Dobbs Ferry village Dolgeville village Dunkirk city East Aurora village . . East Syracuse village. . . Ellenville village . . . Elmira city Elmira Heights village. Fairport village Fishkill Landing vil- lage Fort Edward village . . . Fort Plain village... Frankfort village. . . Fredonla village Freeport village . Fulton city Geneva city Glens Falls city. , Gloversville city. Goshen village. . . Gouvemeur village Granville village. Green Island village Greenport village village Haverstraw village Hempstead village Herkimer village Homer village Hoosick Falls village. . . Homellcity Hudson city H udson Falls village . . . Ilion village Ithaca city Jamestown city Johnstown city Kingston city Lackawanna city . . Lancaster village. . Leroy village Lestershire village . Little Falls city Lockport city Lowville village Lyons village Malone village Mamaroneck village. . Massena village Matteawan village Mechauicville village . Medina village Middletown city Mount Kisco village. . Mount Morris village . Mount V emon city . . . New Rochelle city New York City ^ Manhattan Borough. Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough... Richmond Borough.. Queens Borough Newark village Newburgh city Niagara Falls city North Tarrytown vil- lage NorthTonawanda city, Norwich village 1910 1900 1890 2,701 2,757 2,580 3,563 2,895 2,278 5,296 5,484 4,920 2,695 2, 507 2,638 24, 709 23,910 22,509 2,549 2,067 13, 730 11,061 8,550 2,658 1,966 760 11,504 9,014 8,590 3,938 3, 633 3,758 3,921 3,379 3,455 2,888 2,083 2,685 1,915 17,221 11,616 9,416 2,781 2,366 1,582 3,274 2, 509 2,231 3,114 2,879 2,881 37,176 35,672 30,893 2,732 1,763 3,112 2,489 2,552 3,902 3,673 3,617 3,762 3,521 2,762 2,444 2,864 3,303 2,664 2,291 5,285 4, 127 3,399 4,836 2,612 10, 480 >8,206 1 6,035 12,446 10, 433 7,557 15,243 12,613 9,509 20,642 18,349 13,864 3,081 2,826 2,907 4,128 3,689 3, 458 3,920 2,700 4,737 4,770 4,463 3,089 2,366 4,552 2,002 1,466 5,669 5,935 5,070 4,964 7,520 3,582 4,831 5,555 2,381 2,695 5,532 5,671 7,014 13,617 11,918 10,996 11,417 9,528 9,970 5,189 4,473 2,895 6,588 5, 138 4,057 14,802 13, 136 11,079 31,297 22,892 16,038 10,447 10,130 7,768 25,908 14,549 24, 535 21,261 4,364 3,750 1,692 3,771 3,144 2,743 3,775 3,111 12,273 10,381 8,783 17,970 16,581 16,038 2,940 2,352 2,511 4,4fO 4,300 4,475 6,467 5,699 2,951 5,935 4,986 2,032 1,049 6,727 5,807 4,278 6,634 4,695 2,679 5,683 4,716 4,492 15,313 14,522 11,977 2,802 1,346 1,095 2,782 2,410 2,286 30,919 21,228 10,830 28, 867 14,720 9,057 4,766,883 3,437,202 2,507,414 1,441,316 S,SSl,SiS 1,850,093 4S0.980 SOO, 507 88,908 t, 634, 351 1,166.583 838,647 85.969 67,031 61,693 384,041 153,999 87,060 6,227 4,578 3,698 27,805 24,943 23,087 30, 445 19,457 5,421 4,241 3,179 11,955 9,069 4,793 7,422 5,768 5,212 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OK BOROUGH. New York— Con. Nyack village Ogdensburg city Glean city Oneida city Oneonta city Ossining village Oswego city Owego village Patchoguo village Peekskill village Penn Yan village Perry village Plattsburg city Port Chester village Port Jervis city Potsdam village Poughkeepsie city Rensselaer city Rochester city Rockville Center vil- lage Rome city Rye village Sag Harbor village St. Johnsinlle village... Salamanca village Saranac Lake village . . Saratoga Springs vil- lage Saugerties village Schenectady city Scotia village Seneca Falls village Sidney village Silver Creek village Solvay village Southampton village . . Suflem village Syracuse city Tarrytown village Tonawanda city Troy city Tuckahoe village Tupper Lake village.. . Utica city Walden village Walton village Wappingers Falls vil- lage Warsaw village W'aterford village Waterloo village Watertown city Watervliet city Watkins village W'averly village Wellsville village Westfield village White Plains village.. . Whitehall village Yonkers city North Carolina Asheville city Belhaven town Burlington city Charlotte city Concord city Durham city Edenton town Elizabeth City town. . . Fayetteville town Gastonia town Goldsboro city Graham town Greensboro city Greenville town Henderson town Hendersonville town. . Hickory town High Point city Kinston town Lenoir town 1910 1900 1890 4,619 4,275 4,111 15,933 12,633 11,662 14,743 9,462 7,358 8,317 6,364 6,083 9,491 7, 147 6,272 11,480 7,9.39 9,352 23,368 22, 199 21,842 4,633 5,0.39 3,824 2,926 15,245 10,358 9,676 4,597 4,650 4,254 4,388 2,763 1,528 11,138 8,434 7,010 12,809 7,440 5,274 9,564 9,385 9,327 4,036 3,843 3,961 27,936 24,029 22,206 10,711 7,466 7,301 218, 149 162, 608 133, 896 3,667 1,884 20, 497 15,343 14,991 3,964 3 ; 408 1,969 2,536 1,873 1,263 5,792 4,251 3,692 4,983 2,594 768 12,693 12,409 11,975 3,929 3,697 4,237 72,826 31,682 19,902 2,957 6,588 6,519 6,116 2,507 2,3.31 1,358 2,512 1,944 1,678 5,139 3,493 563 2,509 2,289 2,663 1,619 137,249 108,374 88, 143 5,600 4,770 3,562 8,290 7,421 7,145 76,813 60,651 60,956 2,722 3^067 74^419 56,383 44,007 4,004 3,147 2,132 3,103 2,811 2,299 3,195 3,504 3,718 3,206 3,048 3,120 3,245 3,146 3,931 4,256 4,350 26,730 21, 696 14,725 15,074 14,321 12,967 2,817 2,943 2,604 4,855 4,465 4,123 4,382 3,556 3,435 2,985 2,430 1,983 15,949 7,899 4,042 4,917 4,377 4,434 79,803 47,931 32, 033 18,762 14, 694 10,235 2,863 383 4,808 3,692 1,716 34,014 18,091 11,557 8,715 7,910 4,339 18,241 6,679 5,485 2,789 3,046 2,205 8,412 6,348 3,251 7,045 4,670 4,222 5,759 4,610 1,033 6,107 5,877 4,017 2,504 2,052 991 15,895 10,035 3,317 4,101 2,565 1,937 4,503 3,746 4,191 2,818 1,917 1,216 3,716 2,535 2,023 9,525 4,163 6,995 4,106 1,7^ 3,364 1,296 673 ' Includes population of Oswego Falls village: 1900,2,925; 1890,1,821. z Population of New York and its boroughs as now constituted. 72 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN I'HO, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE; 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. ITliis table iiichidcs all Incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have be.en returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.) Table 28-Lk)n. aXY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 North Carolina — Con. Lo.\ington town 4,163 1,234 1,440 Monroe city 4,082 2,427 1,866 Mooresville town 3, 400 1,533 886 Morgauton town 2,712 1,938 1,557 Mount Airy town 3,844 2,680 1,768 Newbern city 9,961 9,090 7,843 Oxford town 3,018 2,0.59 2,907 Raleigh city 19,218 13, 643 12, 678 Reidsvillo town 4,828 3,262 2,969 Rocky Mount town 8,051 2,937 816 Salem town 5,533 3,642 2,711 Salisbury city 7,153 6,277 4,418 Shelby town 3, 127 1,874 1,394 Statesville, city 4,599 3,141 2,318 Tarboro town 4,129 2,499 1,924 Thomasville town 3,877 751 590 Washington city 6,211 4,842 3,545 Wilmington city 25,748 20,976 20,056 Wilson town 6,717 3,525 2, 126 Winston city 17, 167 10,008 8,018 North Dakota Bismarck city 5,443 3,319 2,186 Devils Lake city 5,157 1,729 846 Dickinson city 3,678 2,076 897 Fargo city 14,331 9,589 5,664 Grand Forks city 12,478 7,652 4,979 Jamestown city 4,358 2,853 2,296 Mandan city 3,873 1,658 1,328 Minot city 6,188 1,277 575 Valley City 4,606 2,446 1,089 Williston city 3,124 763 295 Ohio Akron city 69,067 42,728 27,601 Alliance city 15,083 8,974 7,607 Ashland city 6,795 4,087 3,566 Ashtabula city 18,266 12,949 8,338 Athens city 5,463 3,066 2,620 9,410 4,354 Bamesville village 4,233 3,721 3,207 Bellaire city 12,946 9,912 9,934 Bellefontaine city 8,238 6,649 4,245 Bellevue city 5,209 4,101 3,052 Berea village 2,609 2,510 2,533 Bowling Green city 5,222 5,067 3,467 Bridgeport village 3,974 3,963 3,369 Bryan village 3,641 3,131 3,068 Bucyrus city 8, 122 6,560 5,974 Byesville village 3,156 1,267 789 Cambridge city 11,327 8,241 4,. 361 Canal Dover city 6,621 5,422 3,470 Canton city 50,217 30,667 26, 189 Carthage village 3,618 2,559 2,257 Celina village 3,493 2,815 2,702 Chicago Junction vil- lage 2,950 2,348 1,299 Chillicothe city 14,508 12,976 11,288 Cincinnati city 363,591 325,902 296,908 Circle ville city 6,744 6,991 6,556 Cleveland city 560,663 381,768 261,353 Cleveland Heights vil- 2,955 Clyde village 2 ; 815 2,515 2,327 181,511 125,500 88.150 Conneaut city 8,319 7,133 3,241 Coshocton city 9,603 6,473 3,672 Crestline village 3,807 3,282 2,911 3,028 835 Cuyahoga Falls village. 4 ; 020 3,186 2,614 Dayton city 116,577 85,333 61,220 Defiance city 7,327 7,579 7,694 Delaware city 9,076 7,940 8,224 Delphoscity 5,038 4,517 4,516 Dennison village 4,008 3,763 2,925 East Cleveland city 9,179 2,757 East Liverpool city 20,387 16,485 10,956 East Palestine village. . 3,537 2,493 1,816 East Yoimgstown vil- 4,972 Eaton village 3 ; 187 3,155 2,934 Elmwood Place village 3,423 2,532 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR IlOROUGH. Ohio — Con. Elyria city Findlay city Fostoriacitv Franklin village. Fremont city Galion city Gallipoliscity Girard village Glouster yillage... Greenfield village.. Greenville city... Hamilton city... Hartwell village. Hillsboro village. I ronton city Jackson city . . . Kent village Kenton city Lakewood city. Lancaster city. . Lebanon village.. Leetonia village. . Lima city Lisbon village Lockland village. Logan village lyondon village. .. Lorain city Madisonville city . Mansfield city Marietta city Marion city Martins Feriy city. Marysville village.. Massillon city Medina village Miainisburg village Middleport village Middletown city Mingo Junction village. Montpelier village Mount Vernon city Napoleon village Nelsonvillecity New Comerstown vil- lage New Lexington village. New Philadelphiacity. Newark city Newburgh city Niles city North Baltimore vil- lage Norwalk city Norwood city Oberlin village Orrville village Painesvillecity Piquaoity Pomer iy village Port Clinton village.. Portsmouth city Ravenna city Reading village Rockport village St. Bernard city St. Marys city Salem city Sandusky city Shelby village Sidney city Springfield city Steubenville city Struthers village Tiffin city Toledo city Toronto village Troy city Uhrichsvi lie village . . . Upper Sandusky vil- lage Urbanacity Van Wert city 1910 1900 1890 14,825 8,791 5,611 14,858 17,613 18,553 9,597 7,730 7,070 2,659 2, 724 2,729 9,9.39 8,439 7,141 7,214 7,282 6,326 5,560 5,432 4,498 3,736 2,630 2,527 2,155 4,228 3,979 2,460 6,237 5,501 5,473 35,279 23,914 17,565 2,823 1,833 1,507 4,296 4,535 3,620 13,147 11,868 10,939 5,468 4,672 4,320 4,488 4,541 3,501 7,185 6,852 5,557 15, 181 3,355 13,093 8,991 7,555 2,698 2,867 3,050 2,665 2,744 2,826 30,508 21,723 15,981 3,084 3,330 2,278 3,439 2,695 2,474 4,850 3,480 3,119 3,530 3,511 3,313 28,883 16,028 4,863 5, 193 3,140 2,214 20,768 17,640 13,473 12,923 13,348 8,273 18,232 11,862 8, 327 9,133 7,760 6,250 3,576 3,048 2,810 1.3,879 11,944 10,092 2,734 2,232 2,073 4,271 3,941 2,952 3,194 2,799 3,211 13,152 9,215 7,681 4,049 2,954 1,856 2,759 1,869 1,293 9,087 6,633 6,027 4,007 3,639 2,764 6,082 5,421 4,558 2,943 2,659 1,251 2,559 1,701 1,470 8,512 6,213 4,456 25,404 18,157 14,270 5,813 5,909 8,361 7,468 4,289 2,503 3,561 2,857 7,858 7,074 7,195 16,185 6,480 4,365 4,082 4,376 3,101 1,901 1,765 5,501 5,024 4,755 13,388 12,172 9,090 4,023 4,639 4,726 3,007 2,450 17,870 2,049 23,481 12,394 5,310 4,003 3,417 .3,985 3,076 3,179 2,038 5,002 3,384 1,779 5,732 5,359 3,000 8,943 7,582 5,780 19,989 19,664 18,471 4,903 4,685 1,977 6,607 5,688 4,850 46,921 38,253 31,895 22,391 3, 370 14,349 13,394 11 ; 894 10,989 10, 801 168,497 131,822 81,4.34 4,271 3,526 2,536 6,122 5,881 4,494 4,751 4,582 3,842 3,779 3,355 3,572 7, 7:i9 6,808 6,510 7,157 6, 422 5,512 census of 1907, and census of 1 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Ohio — Con. Wadsworth village. . Wapakoneta city . . . Warren city Washington Court House city Wauseon village Wellston city Wellsvillecity Wilmington Gllage Woodsfield village Wooster city Xenia city Yoimg.stown city. Zanesville city Oklahoma' Ada city Altuscity Alva city Anadarko city. Ardmore city.. Bartlesville city . Blackwellcity.. . Chlckashacity... Claremorecity... Clinton city Coalgate city. Durant city . . El Reno city. Elk City Enid city Frederick city... Guthrie city Hartshome city. Hobart city Hugo city Kingfisher city. Krebs city Lawton city McAlestercity.. Manginn city. . . Miami city Muskogee city Nonnan city Nowata city Oklahoma City.. Okmulgee city Pauls Valley city. Pawhuskacity... Perry city Ponca city Purcell city Sapulpacity Shawnee city Stillwater city Sulphur city Tahlequah city. . . Tulsa city Vinita city Wagoner city Waurikacity Woodward city. Oregon .Albany city Ashland city Astoria city Baker City Corvalliscity Eugene city Grants Pass city Klamath Falls town. La Grande city Marshfield town Medford city. . . Oregon City Pendleton city. Portland city... Roseburg city. . St. Johns city . . Salem city The, Dalles city. 1910 3,073 5,349 11,081 7,277 2,650 6,875 7,769 4,491 2,502 6,136 8,706 79, 066 28,026 4,349 4,821 3.688 3,439 8,618 6,181 3,266 10,320 2,866 2,781 3,255 5,330 7,872 3, 165 13,799 3,027 11,654 2,963 3,845 4,582 2,538 2,884 7,788 12,954 3,667 2,907 25,278 3,724 3,672 64,205 4,176 2.689 2,776 3,133 2,521 2,740 8,283 12,474 3,444 3,684 2,891 18,182 4,082 4,018 2,928 2,696 4,275 5,020 9,599 6,742 4,552 9,009 3,897 2,758 4,843 2,980 8,840 4,287 4,460 207,214 4, 7,38 4,872 14,094 4,880 1900 1,764 3,915 8,529 5,751 2,148 8,04.5 6, 146 3,613 1,801 6,063 8,696 44,88.5 23,538 3,257 1,927 2,800 2,190 8,759 4,215 2,044 7,862 2,064 1,278 2,921 4,510 5,370 2, 195 10,087 2,036 11,652 2,435 3,136 2,676 2,214 1,508 5,562 8,144 2,672 1,893 14,418 3,040 2,223 32,452 2,322 2.157 2,408 2,881 2,529 2,5.53 4,259 10,955 2,577 2,935 1,916 7,298 3.157 2,950 696 2,018 3,149 2,634 8,381 6,663 1,819 3, 236 2,290 447 2,991 1,391 1,791 3, 494 4, 40(i 90,420 1,690 4,258 3,542 1890 1,574 3,616 5,973 5,742 2,060 4,377 5,247 3,079 1,031 5,901 7,301 33,220 21,009 1,499 5,681 698 2,283 3,209 855 2,614 2,969 3,383 3,444 10,006 2,352 2,301 4,125 1,527 4,254 2,225 498 10,037 1,467 3,351 2,528 2,277 891 3,462 2,431 1,198 1,482 1,390 2,339 2,372 3,079 1,784 6,184 2,604 1,527 'i,'432 364 2,583 1,461 967 3,062 2. 506 46,386 1,472 3,029 POPULATION OF CITIES. 73 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INIIAJHTANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued . [This table includes all incorporated places having 2,500 Inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc. , of which they form a part. It also includes all towns in Now England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910,] Table 28— Con. CTTY, TOWN, VlLIiAGE, OR BOROUGH. 1910 1900 1890 Pennsylvania Allentown city 51,913 35,410 25,228 Altoona city 52, 127 38, 973 30,337 Ambler borough 2,649 1,884 1,073 Anibridgo borough 5,205 .Apollo borough 3,006 2,924 2, 156 Archbald borough 7,194 5,396 4,032 Ashland borough 6,855 6,438 7,346 Ashley borough 5,601 4,046 3,192 Aspinwall borough 2,592 1,231 Athen.s borough 3,796 3,749 3,274 Austin borough 2,941 2,300 1,679 Avalon borough 4,317 2,130 804 Avoca borough 4,634 3,487 3,031 Bangor borough 5,309 4,106 2,509 Barnesboro borough . . . 3,535 1,482 Beaver borough 3,456 2,348 1,552 Beaver Falls borough. . 12,191 10,054 9,73’5 Bellefonte borough 4, 145 4,216 3,946 Bellevue borough 0,323 3,416 1,418 Berwick borough 5,357 3,916 2,701 Bethlehem borough.... 12,837 > 10, 758 1 9,521 Birdsboro borough 2,930 2,264 2, 261 Blairsville borough 3,572 3,386 3,126 Blakeley borough 5,345 3,915 2,452 Bloomsburg town 7,413 6, 170 4,635 Brackenridge borough . 3,134 Braddock borough 19,357 15,654 8,561 Bradford city 14,544 15,029 10, 514 Bridgeport borough — 3,860 3,097 2,651 Bristol borough 9,256 7,104 6,553 Brookville borough 3,003 2,472 2,478 Butler borough 20,728 10,853 8,734 Canonsburg borough. . . 3,891 2,714 2,113 Carbondale city 17,040 13,536 10,833 Carlisle borough 10,303 9,626 7,620 10,009 7,330 6,117 Catasauqua borough. . . 5,250 3,963 3,704 Chambefsburg borough 11,800 8,864 7,863 9,615 5,930 Chester city 38,537 33,988 20,226 3,326 Clarion borougL 2,612 2,004 2,164 Clearfield borough 6,851 5,081 2,248 Clifton Heights borough 3,155 2,330 1,820 5,154 Coatesville borough ll'084 5,721 3,680 Columbia borough 11,4.54 12,316 10, 599 Connellsville borough. . 12,845 7,160 5,629 Conshohocken borough 7,480 5,762 5,470 Coplav borough 2,670 1,581 880 Coraopolis borough 5,252 2,555 962 Corry city 5,991 5,369 5,677 Coudersport borough . . 3,100 3,217 1,530 4,583 1,927 Curwensville borough . 2,549 1,937 1,064 7 FtM 8,042 7,998 Darby borough 6,305 3,429 2,972 Derry borou^ 2,954 2,347 1,968 Dickson City borough. . 9,331 4,948 3,110 Donora borough 8,174 Dorranceton borough. . i, 046 2,211 586 Downingtown borough 3,326 2,133 1,920 Doylestown borough . . 3,304 3,034 2,519 Dubois borough 12,623 9,375 6,149 Dumnore borough 17,615 12,583 8,315 Duquesne borough 15, 727 9,036 7,487 East Conemaugh bor- ough 5,046 2,175 1,158 East Mauch Chunk borough 3,548 3,458 2,772 East Pittsburgh bor- ough 5, 615 2,883 EasLStroudsburg bor- ough 3,330 2,648 1,819 Easton city 28,523 25,238 14,481 Edgewood borough 2,596 1,139 616 Edwardsville borough . 8,407 5,165 3,284 Elizabethtown borough 2,587 1,473 1,218 Ellwbod City borough. 3,902 2,243 Emaus borough 3,501 1,468 883 Emporium borough. . . 2,916 2,463 2,147 Ephrata borough 1 3,192 2, 451 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Pennsylvania— Con. 191(1 1900 1890 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Pennsylvania— Con. 1910 1900 1890 Erie city Etna borough Exeter borough Ford City borough. . . . Forest City borough. . . Frackvillo borough Franklin city Freedom borough Freeland borough Galeton borough Gallitzin borough Gettysburg borough . . . Gilberton borough Girardville borough . . . Glassport borough Greater Punxsutaw- ney borough Greensburg borough. . . Greenville borough Grove City borough. . . Hanover borough Harrisburg city Hazleton city Hollidaysburg borough Homestead borough . . . Honesdale borough Huntingdon borough . . Indiana borough Irwin borough Jeannette borough Jenkintown borough . . Jermyn borough Jersey Shore borough. . Johnsonburg borough . Johnstown city Juniata borough Kane borough Kingston borough Kittanning borough . . Knoxville borough Lancaster city Lansford borough Lansdale borough Lansdowne borough. . . Larksville borough Latrobe borough Lebanon city Leechburg borough Lehighton borough Lewisbnrg borough Lewistown borough. . . Lock Haven city Luzerne borough Lykens borou^ McAdoo borough McDonald borough McKees Rocks borough McKeesport city Mahanoy City borough . Mauch Chunk borough Mayfield borough Meadville city Mechanicsburg bor- ough Media borough Meyersdale borough . . . Middletown borough . . Millvale borough Milton borough Miners Mills borough. . Minersville borough. . . Monaca borough Monessen borough Monongahela City Moosic borough Mount Carmel borough Mount Oliver borough. Mount Pleasant bor- ough Mount Union borough. Munhall borough Nanticoke borough Nazareth borough 66, 525 52, 733 40, 034 5,830 5,384 3,767 3,537 1,948 790 4,850 2,870 5,749 4,279 2,319 3,118 2,594 2,520 9,767 7,317 6,221 3,060 1,783 704 6,197 5,254 1,730 4,027 2,415 3,504 2,759 2,392 4,030 3,495 3,221 5,401 4,373 3,687 4,396 3,666 3,584 5, 540 9,058 2 6,746 2 4, 194 13,012 6,508 4,202 5,909 4,814 3,674 3,674 1,599 1,160 7,057 5,302 3,746 64,186 50,167 39,385 25, 452 14,230 11,872 3,734 2,998 2,975 18,713 12,554 7,911 2,945 2,864 2,816 6,861 6,053 5,729 5,749 4,142 1,963 2,886 2,452 2,428 8,077 5,865 3,296 2,968 2,091 1,609 3,158 2,567 2,650 5,381 3,070 1,853 4,334 3,894 55,482 35,936 21,805 5,285 1,709 6,626 5,296 2,944 6,449 3,846 2,381 4,311 3,902 3,095 5,651 3,511 1,723 47, 227 41,459 32,011 8,321 4,888 4,004 3,551 2,754 1,858 4,066 2,630 9,288 8',m 4,614 3,589 19,240 17,628 14,664 3,624 2,459 1,921 5,316 4,629 2,959 3,081 3,457 3,248 8,166 4,451 3,273 7,772 7,210 7,358 5,426 3,817 2,398 2,943 2,762 2,450 3,389 2,122 2,543 2,475 1,698 14,702 6, 352 42,094 34,227 20,741 15,936 13,504 11,286 3,952 4,029 4,101 3,662 2,300 1,695 12,780 10,291 9,520 4,469 3,841 3,691 3,562 3,075 2,736 3,741 3,024 1,847 5,374 5,608 5,080 7,861 6,736 3,809 7,460 6,175 5,317 3,159 2,224 2,075 7,240 4,815 3,504 3,376 2,008 1,494 11,775 2, 197 7,598 5,173 4,096 3,%4 1,227 17,532 13, 179 8,254 4, 241 2,295 5,812 4,745 3,652 3,338 1,086 810 5,185 18,877 12,116 10,044 3,978 2,304 1,318 New Brighton borough Now Castle city New Kensington bor- ough New Philadelphia bor- ough Norristown borough. . . North Braddock bor- ough North East borough. . . N orthampton borough . Northumberland bor- ough Oakmont borough Oil City Old Forge borough Olyphant borough Parkesburg borough... Parnassus borough Parsons borough Patton borough Pen Argyl borough Perkasie borough Philadelphia city 1, Philipsburg borough. . . Phoenixville borough . . Pitcairn borough Pittsburgh city Pittston city Plymouth borough Port Carbon borough. . Portage borough Pottstown borough Potts ville borough Qiiakertown borough . . Rankin borough Reading city Renovo borough Reynoldsville borough. Ridgway borough Rochester borough Royersford borough . . . St. Clair borough < St. Clair borough ® St. Marys borough Sayre borough Schuylkill Haven bor- ough Scottdale borough Scranton city Se wick ley borough Shamokin borough Sharon borough Sharpsburg borough. . . Sharpsville borou^ . . . Shenandoah borough . . Shijipensburg borough . Slatington borough Somerset borough South Bethlehem bor- ough South Brownsville bor- : ough South Fork borough. . . South Sharon borough. South Williamsport | borough I Spangler borough j Spring City borough. . . j Steelton borough Stroudsburg borough . . j Summit Hill borough. . i Sunbury borough ; i Susquehanna borough . Swissvale borough Swoyersvillo borough. . I Tamaqua borough | Tarentum borough Taylor borough i Throop borough Titusville city I Towanda borough | Turtle Creek borough . . > 8,329 6, 820 5,616 36,280 28,339 11,000 7,707 4,005 2,512 1,326 562 27,875 22, 265 19,791 11,824 6,535 2,672 2,068 1,538 8, 729 3,517 2,748 2,744 3,436 2,323 1,678 15,657 13, 264 10, 932 11,324 5,630 8,505 6, 180 4,083 2,522 1,788 1,514 2,578 1,791 516 4,338 2,529 2,412 3,907 2,651 3,967 2, 784 2, 108 2,779 1,803 458 549,008 1,293,697 1,046,964 3,585 3, 266 3.245 10,743 9,196 8,514 4,975 2,001 533,905 3 451,512 3 343, 904 16, 267 12,556 10,302 16,996 13,649 9,344 2,678 2,168 1,976 2,954 816 15,599 13, 690 13,285 20,236 15,710 14,117 3,801 3,014 2,169 6,042 3,775 96,071 78,961 58, 6)61 4,621 4,082 4,154 3, 189 3,435 2,789 5,408 3,515 1,903 5.903 4,6)88 3.649 3,073 2,607 1,815 5.640 6, 455 4,638 3,680 6,346 4,295 1,745 6, 426 5,243 4,747 3,654 3.088 5,456 4, 261 2,693 129, 867 102,020 75,215 4,479 3,568 2,776 19,588 18,202 14,403 15,270 8,916 7,459 8,153 6,842 4,898 3, 634 2,970 2,330 25,774 20,321 15,944 3.457 3,228 2,188 4, 454 3,773 2,716 2,612 1,834 1,713 19, 973 13,241 10, 302 3,943 1,805 1,030 4,592 2,6)35 1,295 10, 190 3,734 3,328 2,900 2,700 1,616 2,880 2.56)6 1,797 14, 246 12,086 9,250 4,379 3,450 2,419 4,209 2,986) 2,816 13, 770 9,810 5,930 3,478 3,813 3,872 7,381 1,716 5,390 2, 26)4 9. 462 7.267 6,054 7,414 5,472 ' 4,627 9, 060 4,215 5,133 2,204 8, ,533 8,244 8,073 4,281 4, 6)63 4, 169 4,995 3,262 • Includes population of West Bethlehem borough: 1900, 3,465; 1890, 2,759. ‘ Allegheny County. 2 Includes population of Clayville borough: 1900, 2,371; 1890, 1,402. ^ Schuylkill County. 3 Includes population of Allegheny city: 1900, 129,896; 1890, 105,287. 74 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (This table Inchidos all incorporated places having inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It aiso inciudes ali towns in New England which had a population of 2,500 or more in 1910.] 'I'abic !28— Con. CITY, TOWN, V[I,L.\GIS, OK liOROUGH. CITY, TOWN, VIU.AGE, OE liOKOUGII. South Dakota 1910 1900 1890 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Texas — Con. 1910 1900 1890 Pennsylvania— Con . Tyrone borough U nion City borough . . . Uniontown borough . . . Vandergrift borough . . Vaiidergrift Heights borough Verona borough W arren borough Washington boroiigii. . Waynesboro borough . . Waynesburg borough . . Weatherly borough Wollsboro borough West BenWek borough. West Chester borough . West Hazleton borough West Homestead bor- ough West Newton borough. West Pittston borough. Wickboro borough Wilkes-Barre city Wilkinsburg borough. . Williamsport city Williamstown borough Wilmerding borough . . Windber borough Winton borough Wyoming borough York city Rhode Island Bristol town Burrillville town Central Falls city Coventry town Cranston city Cumberland torvn East Greenwich town. . East Providence torrm. Johnston town Lincoin town Newport city North Kingstowm town North Providence town North Smithfield town. Pawtucket city Portsmouth town Providence city Scituate town Smithfield town South Kingstown town Tiverton town Warren town Warwick town Westerly town Woonsocket city South Carolina Abbeville city Aiken city Anderson city Benncttsville town Camden city Charleston city Cheraw town Chester city Clinton town Columbia city Darlington town Easley town Florence city Gaffney town Georgetown city Greenville city Greenwood town Laurens town Marion town Newberry town Orangeburg city Bock Hill city Spartanburg city Sumter city Union town 7,170 5,847 4,705 3,684 3.104 2,201 13,344 7,344 0.359 3,870 2,070 3,438 1,910 2,849 1,904 1,477 11,080 8,043 4,332 18,778 7,670 7,063 7,199 5,396 3,811 3,545 2,544 2, 101 2,501 2, 471 2,961 3, 183 2,954 2,961 5,512 11,707 9,524 8,028 4,715 2,510 931 3,009 2,880 2. 467 2,285 6,848 5,846 3,906 2,775 67, 105 51,721 37,718 18,924 11,886 4,602 31.8f0 28, 757 27, 132 2,904 2,934 2,324 0,133 4,179 419 8.013 5,280 3,425 1,797 3,010 1,909 1,794 44,750 33, 708 20, 793 8,505 6,901 5.478 7,878 6,317 5,492 22, 754 18, 167 5,848 5,279 5,068 21, 107 13,343 8,099 10. 107 8.925 8,090 3,420 2,775 3,127 15,808 12, 138 8,422 5,935 4,305, 9,778 9,825 8,937 20,355 27,149 22, 441 19, 457 4,048 4,194 4.193 5,407 3,016 2,084 2.r)99 2.422 3,173 51,022 39, 231 27,633 2, 081 2,105 1,949 224,326 175,597 132, 146 3,493 3,361 3,174 2,739 2,107 2,500 5,176 4.972 4,823 4,032 2,977 2,837 0,585 5,108 4,489 26, 629 21,316 17,761 8, 696 7,541 6,813 38, 125 28, 204 20, 830 4,459 3,766 1,696 3,911 3,414 2,362 9,654 5,498 3,018 2,646 1,929 978 3,569 2,441 3,533 58,833 55,807 54,955 2,873 1,151 976 4.754 4,075 2,703 3.272 1,869 1,021 26,319 21,108 15,353 3,789 3,028 2,389 2,983 903 421 7,057 4,647 3,395 4,767 3.9.37 1,631 5,530 4, 138 2,895 15,741 11,860 8, 607 6.614 4,824 1,326 4,818 4,029 2,245 3,844 1.831 1,640 5,028 4,007 3,020 5,906 4,4.55 2,964 7,216 5, 485 2,744 17,517 11,395 5,544 8,109 5,673 3,865 5,623 5,400 1,609 Aberdeen city Brookings city Dead wood city Huron city load city Madison city Mitcheii city Pierre city Rapid City Redfleld city Sioux Falls city Watertown city Yankton city Tennessee Bristoi town ' Brownsville city Chattanooga city Ciarksviiie city Cieveland city Cohrmbia city Covington town Dyersburg city Fayetteviile town Franklin town Harriman city Humboldt town Jackson city Johnson City town Knoxville city La Follette city Lebanon town Lenoir City town Memphis city Morristown town Murfreesboro city Nashville city Paris city Park City town Pulaski town Rockwood town Shelbyville town Tuilahoma town Union City town Texas .■tbilene city Amarilio city Austin city Ballinger city Bay City town Beaumont city Beeville city Belton city Big Spring city Bonham city Bowie city Brady city Brenham city Brownsviile city Brownwood city Bryan city Calvert town Cameron city Childress city Cleburne city Coleman city Comanche town Commerce city Corpus Christ! city Corsicana city Crockett town Cuero town Dalhart city Dallas city Denison city Denton city Dublin city Eagle Pass town El Paso city Ennis city Fort Worth city Gainesville city Galveston city Georgetown city Gonzales city 10, 753 4,087 3,182 2,971 2,346 1,518 3,653 3,498 2,366 5,791 2,793 3,038 8,392 6,210 2,581 3,137 2,550 1,736 6,515 4, 055 2,217 3,656 2,306 3,235 3,854 1,342 2,128 3,000 1,015 796 14,094 10, 266 10, 177 7,010 3,352 2,672 3,787 4,125 3,670 7,148 5,271 3,324 2,882 2,645 2,516 44,004 30,154 29,100 8,548 9,431 7,924 5,549 3,858 2,863 5,754 6,052 5,370 2,990 2,787 1,067 4,149 3,647 2,009 3,439 2,708 2,410 2,924 2,180 2,250 3,061 3,442 716 3,446 2,866 1,837 15,779 14,511 10,039 8,502 4,645 4,161 36,346 32, 637 22, 535 2,816 366 3,659 1,956 1,883 3,392 13L105 102,320 64,495 4,007 2, 973 1,999 4,679 3,999 3,739 110.364 80, 865 76, 168 3,881 2,018 1,917 5,126 2,928 2,838 2,274 3,660 2,899 2,305 2,869 2,236 1,823 3,049 2,684 2,439 4,389 3,407 3,441 9,204 3,411 3,194 9,957 1,442 482 29,860 22, 258 14,575 3,536 1,128 3,156 20, 640 9, 427 3,296 3,269 4; 164 3,700 3,000 4,102 4,844 5,042 3,361 2,874 2,600 1,486 2,669 4; 718 5,968 5,209 10,517 6,305 6,134 6,967 3,965 2,176 4,132 3,589 2,979 2,579 3,322 2,632 3,263 3,341 1,608 3,818 692 10,364 7,493 3,278 3,046 1,362 906 2,756 2,070 1,226 2,818 1,800 810 8,222 4,703 4,387 9, 749 9,313 6,285 3,947 2,612 1,445 3,109 3,422 2,442 2, 580 92J04 42,638 38,067 13, 632 11,807 10,958 4, 732 4,187 2,558 2,551 2, 370 2,025 3,536 39. 279 15,906 10, .338 5,009 4,919 2,171 73,312 26, 688 23.076 7,624 7, 874 6, ,594 36,981 37, 789 29,084 3,096 2.790 2,447 3,139 4,297 1,641 Greenville city Hillsboro city Houston city Houston Heights town. Jacksonville city Jefferson city Laredo city Lockhart town Longview city Lufkin town McKinney city Marlin city Marshall city Mart town Mexia town Mineral Wells city Mount Pleasant city.. . Nacogdoches city Navasota town New Braunfels city Orange city Palestine city Paris city Plainview town Port Arthur city Quanah city San Angelo city San Antonio city San Marcos town Seguin town Sherman city Smithville city Snyder town Stamford city Stephen ville city Sulphur Springs city . . . Sweetwater town Taylor city Teague city Temple city TeiTell city Texarkana city^ Tyler city Uvalde town Vernon town Victoria city Waco city W axahaohie town Weatherford city Wichita Falls city Yoakum town Utah American Fork city Bingham town Brigham city Eureka city Lehi City Logan city Murray city Nephi city Ogden City Park city Provo city Richfield city Salt Lake City Spanish Fork city Springvillo city Tooele city Vermont Barro city Barro town Barton town Bennington town Bennington village.. Brandon town Brattloboro town lirattleboTO village . . Burlington city Colchester town Winooski village. Derby town Essex town Fair Haven town Fair Haven village. . . > Hardwick town 8,850 6, 860 4,330 6,115 5,346 2, 541 78, 800 44,633 27,557 6,984 800 2, 875 1,568 970 2, 515 2,850 3,072 14,855 13,429 11,319 2, 945 2,306 1,233 5,155 3,591 2,034 2,749 1,527 529 4,714 4.342 2,489 3,878 3,092 2,058 11,452 7,855 7,207 2,939 2', 694 2,393 1,674 3,950 2,048 577 3,137 3,369 1,827 1,138 3,284 3,857 2, 997 3,165 2,097 1,608 5,527 3,835 3,173 10, 482 8,297 5,838 11,269 9,358 8,254 2,829 7,663 900 3,127 1,651 1,477 10,321 96; 614 53,321 37,673 4,071 2,292 2,335 3,116 2,421 1,716 12,412 10,243 7,335 3,167 2,577 616 2,514 3,902 2; 561 1,902 909 5,151 3,635 3,038 4,176 670 614 5,314 4,211 2,584 3,288 10, 993 7,065 4,047 7,050 6,330 2,988 9,790 5,256 2,852 10,400 8,069 6,908 3,998 1,889 1,265 3,195 1,993 2,857 3,673 4,010 3,046 26,425 20,686 14,445 6,205 4, 215 3,076 5,074 4,786 3,369 8,200 2,480 1,987 4,657 3,499 1,745 2,797 2,732 2, 881 3,685 2,859 2,139 3,416 3,085 1,733 2,964 2,719 7,522 5,451 4,565 4,057 2; 759 2,208 2,034 25,580 16,313 14,889 3,439 3,759 2,850 8,925 6,185 5,159 2,559 1,969 1,531 92, 777 53,531 44,843 3,464 2,735 2,214 3,. 3,56 3,422 2,849 2,753 1,200 10, 734 8,448 4,146 4,194 3,346 2,666 3,346 2, 790 2,217 8, 698 8,0.33 6,391 6,S11 5,666 3,97 1 2,712 2,759 3,310 7,541 6, 640 6,, 862 (i,6n S,!97 B,J,67 20,468 18,640 14,. 590 6,450 5,352 5,143 4,6SO 5,783 3,659 3,6;i9 3,274 2,900 2,714 2,203 2,013 3,095 2,999 2,791 S,65i S,i70 3,201 2, 466 i,547 > Joint population of Bristol town, Sullivan County, Tenn., and Bristol city, Va.; 1910, 13,395; 1900, 9,8.50; 1890, 0,226. 2 Joint population of Texarkana city. Miller County, Ark., and Texarkana city, Bowio County, Tex.: 1910, 15,445; 1900, 10,170; 1890, 6,380. POPULATION OF CITIES 75 POPULATION OF PLACES HAVING, IN 1910, 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued . [This table includes all incorporated places havinp; 2,500 inhabitants or more in 1910, so far as they have been returned by the census enumerators separate from the townships, precincts, districts, etc., of which they form a part. It also Includes all towns in Now England which had a population of 2,500 or more In 1910.] Table 28— Con. CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Vermont — Con. Hartford town Lyndon town Middlebury town Montpelier city Morristown town Newport town Newport village Northnold town Poultney town Proctor town Proctor village Randolph town Richford town Rockingham town .... Bellows Falls village. Rutland city St. Albans city St. Johnsbury town St. Johnsbury village. Springfield to\vn Springfield village . . . Swanton town Waterbary town West Rutland town. . . Woodstock town Virginia Alexandria city Bedford CiW town Big Stone Gap town. . . Bristol city ' Buena Vista city Charlottesville city Clifton Forge city Covington town Danville city Farmville town Fredericksburg city . . . Hampton city Harrisonburg town Lexington town Lynchburg city Marion town Martinsville town Newport News city Norfolk city Petersburg city Portsmouth city Pulaski town Radford city Richmond city . . . .' Roanoke city Salem town South Boston town Staunton city Suffolk town Williamsburg city Winchester city W ytheville town Washington Aberdeen city Anacortes city Bellingham city » Bremerton city Centralia city 11)10 11)00 1890 4,179 3,817 3,740 3,204 2,956 2,019 2,848 3,045 2,793 7,856 6,206 4, 160 2,652 2,583 2,411 3,684 3,113 3,047 i.SJtS 1,874 1,7 SO 3,226 2,855 2,628 3,644 3,108 3,031 2,871 2,136 1,758 B,756 B,01S 3,191 3,141 3,232 2,907 2,421 2, 196 6,207 5,809 4,579 4,88S 4,SS7 S,092 13,546 11,499 6,381 6,239 8,098 7,010 6,567 6,69S 5,666 5,857 4,784 3,432 2,881 s,m B,04O 1,512 3,628 3,745 3,231 3,273 2,810 2,232 3,427 2,914 3,680 2,545 2,557 2,545 15,329 14,528 14,339 2,508 2,416 2,897 2,590 1,617 6,247 4,579 2,902 3,245 2,388 1,044 6,765 6,449 5,591 5,748 2 3,579 1,792 4,234 2,950 704 19,020 16,520 10,305 2,971 2,471 2,404 5,874 5,068 4,528 5,505 2,764 2,513 4,879 3,521 2,792 2,931 3,203 3,059 29, 494 18,891 19,709 2,727 2,045 1,651 3,368 2,384 20,205 19,635 67,4.52 46,624 34,871 24,127 21,810 22,680 33,190 17,427 13,268 4,807 2,813 2,112 4,202 3,344 2,060 127,628 85,050 81,388 34,874 21,495 16,159 3,849 3,412 3,279 3,516 1,851 1,789 10,604 7,289 6,975 7,008 3,827 3,354 2,714 2,044 1,831 5,864 5,161 5,196 3,054 3,003 2,570 13,660 3,747 1,638 4,168 1,476 1,131 24,298 2,993 7,311 11,062 8,135 1,600 2,026 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR BOROUGH. Washington— Con. Chehalis city Cle Elum city Colfax city Ellensburg city Everett city Hillyard city Hoquiam city North Yakima city Olympia city Port Townsend city . . . Pullman city Puyallup city Renton town Roslyn town Seattle city Snohomish city South Bend city Spokane city Tacoma city V ancouver city Walla Walla city Wenatchee city West Virginia Ben wood city Bluefield city Charles Town Charleston city Chester city Clarksburg city Davis town Elkins city Fairmont city Grafton city Hinton city Huntington city Keyser town McMechen city Mannington city Martinsburg city Morgantown city Moundsville city Parkersburg city Princeton city Rich wood town Sistersville city Wellsburg city Wheeling city Williamson city Wisconsin Antigo city Appleton city Ashland city Baraboo city Beaver Dam city Beloit city Berlin city Burlington city Chippewa Falls city . . . Columbus city Cudahy city De Pere city Eau Claire city Edgerton city Fond du Lac city 1910 1900 1890 4,507 2,749 1,775 1,309 2; 783 2,n{ 1,649 4,209 1,737 2,768 24,814 7,838 3,276 8; 171 2,608 1,302 14,082 3,154 1,535 6,996 3,863 4,698 4,181 3,443 4,558 2,602 1,308 868 4,544 2,740 3,126 1,884 1,732 2,786 1,484 237,194 80,671 42,837 3,244 2,101 1,993 3,023 711 104,402 36,848 ■ 19,922 83,743 37,714 36,006 9,300 3,126 3,545 19,364 10,049 4,709 4,050 451 4,976 4,511 2,934 11,188 4,644 1,775 2,662 2,392 2,287 22,996 3,184 11,099 6,742 9,201 4,050 3,008 2,615 2,391 918 5,260 2,016 737 9,711 5,655 1,023 7,563 5,650 3,159 3,656 3,763 2,570 31,161 11,923 10,108 3,705 2,536 2,165 2,921 1,465 427 2,672 1,681 908 10,698 7,564 7,226 9,150 1,895 1,011 8,918 5,362 2,688 17,842 3,027 3,061 11,703 8, 408 2,684 2,979 469 4,189 2,588 2,235 41,641 3,561 38,878 34,522 7,196 5,145 4,424 16, 773 15,085 11,869 11,594 13,074 9,956 6,324 5,751 4,605 6,758 5,128 4,222 15, 125 10,436 6,315 4,636 •4,489 4,149 3,212 2,526 2,043 8,893 8,094 8,670 2,523 2,349 1,977 3,691 1,366 4,477 4,038 3,625 18,310 17,517 17,415 2.513 2,192 1,595 18,797 15,110 12,024 CITY, TOWN, VILLAGE, OR llOROUGU. 1910 1900 1890 Wisconsin— Con. Fort Atkinson city 3,877 3,043 2,283 Grand Rapids city 6, .521 4,493 1,702 Green Bay city 25,236 18,684 9,069 Hartford city 2,982 1,632 1,290 Hudson city 2,810 3,259 2,885 Janesvilie city 13,894 13,185 10,838 Jefferson city 2,582 2,584 2,287 Kaukauna city 4,717 5,115 4,667 Kenosha city 21,371 11,606 6,532 La Crosse city 30,417 28,895 25,090 Lake Geneva city 3,079 2,585 2,297 Madison city 25,531 19, 164 13,426 Manitowoc city 13,027 11,786 7,710 Marinette city 14,610 16,195 11,. 523 Marshfieid city 5,783 5,240 3,450 Menasha city 6,081 5,589 4,581 Menomonie city 5,036 5,6.55 5,491 Merriii city 8,689 8,537 6,809 Milwaukee city 373,857 285,315 204,468 Mineral Point city 2,925 2,991 2,694 Monroe city 4,410 3,927 3,768 Neenah city 5,734 5,954 5,083 New London city 3,383 2,742 2,050 Oconomowoc city 3,054 2,880 2,729 Oconto city 5,629 5,646 5,219 Oshkosh city 33,062 28,284 22,836 Platteyille city 4,452 3,340 2,740 Plymouth city 3,094 2,257 1,503 Port W ashing'ton city . 3,792 3,010 1,659 Portage city 5,440 5,459 5, 143 Prairie du Chien city . . 3,149 3,232 3,131 Racine city 38,002 29, 102 21,014 Reedsburg city 2,615 2,225 1,737 Rhinelander city 5,637 4,998 2,658 Rice Lake city 3,968 3,002 2,130 Richland Center city. . 2,652 2,321 1,819 Ripon city 3,739 3,818 3,358 Shawano city 2,923 1,863 1,505 Sheboygan city 26,398 22,962 16,359 South Milwaukee city . 6,092 3,392 Sparta city 3,973 3,555 2,795 Stanley city 2,675 2,387 Steven’s Point city 8; 692 9,524 7,896 Stoughton city 4,761 3,431 2,470 Sturgeon Bay city 4,262 3,372 2,195 Superior city 40,384 31,091 11,983 Toinah city 3,419 2,840 2,199 Tomahawk city 2,907 2,291 1,816 Two Rivers city 4,850 3,784 2,870 W ashburn city 3,830 Watertown city 8,829 8,437 8,7.55 Waukesha city 8,740 7,419 6,321 Waupaca city 2,789 2,912 2,127 Waupun city 3,362 3,185 2,757 Wausau city 16,560 12,354 9,253 3,346 2,842 West Allis city’. 6,645 Whitewater city 3,224 3,405 4,359 Wyoming Casper town 2,639 883 544 Cheyenne city 11,320 14,087 11,690 Eyanston toro 2,583 2,110 1,995 Laramie city 8,237 8,207 6,388 Rawlins city 4,256 2,317 2,2,36 Rock Springs city 5,778 4,363 3,406 Sherida’n city 8,408 1,559 281 1 Joint population of Bristol town, Sullivan County, Tenn., and Bristol city, Va.: 1910, 13,395; 1900, 9,850; 1890, 6,226. 2 Includes population (367) of West Clifton Forge town. ’ Fairhaven and New Whatcom cities consolidated under the name of Bellingham city in 1903. • .ftiH if'.' 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'.11 s I C-.l' ,i| IS" ■A'Y.n' ' ' I'l'* 1 I « K I . AM'ii'.'l)’' vViind Hmj/ As; ‘ X v'y-.^tSi/i V(»/i; ri's' A!/v/i,''!jis;''t •' » Chapter 2. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX. Introduction. — This chapter, dealing with the com- position of the population, gives in condensed form statistics relative to color or race, nativity, parentage, and sex, as returned at the Thirteenth Decennial Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Kico, and other outlying possessions are not included. The classification by color or race distinguishes six groups, namely, white, negro, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and “All other” (consisting principal!}^ of Hindus and Koreans) . On account of their compara- tively small number, the four last-named groups are combined in some of the tables. The white population is divided into four groups: (1) Native, native parentage — that is, having both parents born in the United States; (2) native, foreign parentage — having both parents born in foreign countries; (3) native, mixed parentage — having one parent native and the other foreign born; (4) foreign born. In many of the tables native whites of foreign parentage and of mixed parentage are combined. This double classification by color or race, and by nativity and parentage, results in five principal classes of the population — the native whites of native parentage, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, the foreign-born whites, the negroes, and all others. The last named group is frequently omit- ted from the tables, as it is neither numerous nor important. Following in each case this classification according to color or race, nativity, and parentage, statistics are presented in the fii’st section of this chapter for the total population; in the second section for the total population distinguished by sex; in the third section for the population 21 years of age and over, also dis- tinguished by sex; and in the fourth section for the male population of militia age (18 to 44 years, inclu- sive). In connection with the population 21 years of age and over, much greater detail is given regarding males than regarding females, and statistics are also presented relative to the naturalization of the foreign- born white males. TOTAL POPULATION BY COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. General summary : 1910 and 1900. — Table 1 shows the number of persons of each color or race at the last two censuses, the total number of native and foreign-born inhabitants, and the number of whites distributed according to nativity and parentage. Table 1 CLASS OF POPULATION. NUMBEE. INCREASE :t ! 1900-1910 1 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 1900 Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Total population . . 91,972,266 75,994,575 15,977,691 21.0 100.0 100.0 White 81,731,957 66,809,196 14,922,761 22.3 88.9 87.9 Negro 9,827,703 8,833,994 993, 769 11.2 10.7 11.6 Other colored races 412,546 351,385 61, 161 17.4 0. 4 0.5 Indian 265,683 237, 196 28, 487 12.0 0.3 0.3 Chinese 71,531 89,863 -18,332 -20.4 0.1 0.1 Japanese All other 72,157 3,175 78,456,380 24,326 47,831 3, 175 196.6 0.1 85.3 (“) Total native 65,653,299 12,803,081 19.5 86.4 Total foreign born 13,515,886 10,341,276 3,174,610 30.7 14 7 13.6 Total white 81,731,957 66,809,196 14,922,761 22.3 88.9 87.9 Native 68,386,412 5(5,595,379 11,791,033 20.8 74.4 74.5 Native parentage 49,488,575 40,949,362 8,539,213 20.9 53.8 53.9 Foreign parentage. . . 12,916,311 10,632,280 2,284,031 21.5 14 0 14 0 Mixed parentage 5,981,526 5,013,737 967,789 19.3 6.5 6.6 Foreign born 13,345,545 10,213,817 3,131,728 30.7 14 5 13.4 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. » I.ess than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the population of the United States in 1910, 81,731,957, or 88.9 per cent, were whites; 9,827,763, or 10.7 per cent, were negroes; and 412,546, or four- tenths of 1 per cent, were other colored races. Of the total population, 78,456,380, or 85.3 per cent, were native and 13,515,886, or 14.7 per cent, foreign born, the latter consisting chiefly of whites. The native white population numbered 68,386,412, and constituted 83.7 per cent of the white population and 74.4 per cent of the total population of the country. The 13,345,545 foreign-born whites constituted 16.3 per cent of the white population and 14.5 per cent of the total population. Native whites of native parentage in 1910 numbered 49,488,575, constituting 60.5 per cent of the white population and 53.8 per cent of the total population. Native whites of foreign parentage fonned 15.8 per cent of the white population and those of mixed parentage 7.3 per cent, the corresponding percent- ages based on the total population being 14 and 6.5, respectively. Of the total increase of 15,977,691 m the population of the country between 1900 and 1910, the whites con- tributed 14,922,761, the negroes 993,769, and other races 61,161. The increase in the native population was 12,803,081, and that in the foreign bom, 3,174,610, or about one-fifth of the total increase. The percentage of increase for the whites, 22.3, was a little less than twice as liigh as that for the negroes, 11.2. This difference is partly due, however, to the direct or indirect effect of immigration upon the increase of the white population. The native white (77) 78 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. population increased 20.8 j)er cent and tlie foreign- born white 30.7 per cent. There was very little differ- cnce in the rates of increase for the three parentage groui)S of the native white po])uiation. By reason of these dilferences in the rates of in- crease of the several classes of population there was some change between 1900 and 1910 in the relative importance of the dilferent groups. Whites consti- tuted 88.9 per cent of the total ])opulation in 1910, as coni])ared with 87.9 per cent in 1900. Native whites, however, constituted a slightly smaller pro- portion of the total in the later year than in the earlier, while foreign-born whites formed 14.5 per cent of the total in 1910, as compared with 13.4 per cent 10 years before. It should be borne in mind that the increase in the white groups, from one census to another, represents more than the natural growth by excess of births over deaths. The increase of negroes and Indians, since them number is only slightly affected by immigration or emigration, is essentially a natural increase. The increase in the several white groups, however, is mate- rially affected, directly or indii-ectly, by immigration, which greatly exceeds emigration. The total number of whites is swelled directly by immigration ; the number of native whites by the children born of immigrants after their arrival in this country; and the number of native whites of native parentage by the children of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. Additions to the number of native whites of foreign parentage, of course, consist wholly of the children of the foreign born, while the additions to the native whites of mixed parentage are the children of inter- marriages between the foreign born and the native. It is possible, however, to estimate approximately the natural increase of the white population by sub- tracting from the total white population enumerated in 1910 the number of foreign-born whites who had immigrated to the country after 1900. The remainder, when compared with the white population enumerated in 1900, may be accepted as indicating approximately the growth in the white population apart from immi- gration, or, in other words, the natural increase of the white population between 1900 and 1910. The num- ber of foreign-born whites enumerated in 1910 who had arrived in this country subsequently to January 1, 1901, was almost exactly 5,000,000. Subtracting tins from the total white population enumerated in 1910 the remainder is about 76,730,000, which, as compared with the white population in 1900, 66,809,196, repre- sents a difference of about 9,920,000, or 14.8 per cent. ‘ To be strictly accurate one should subtract the number of children enumerated in 1910 who were born in this country of the immigrants who came in after 1900; this number, however, is un- known, and is at least partially offset by the number of surviving white persons (also unknown) enumerated in 1900 who emigrated from the United States before April 15, 1910, and the surviving children born of such emigrants. Moreover, one should deduct the survivors (number unknown) of the immigrants who arrived in this country between June 1, 1900, the date of (he Twelfth Census, and January 1, 1901. This may somewhat exceed the natural increase, however, because certain minor factors have not been taken into account in this computation it is probable that the true rate of natural increase for the aggregate white population was not far from 14 per cent, axid that this percentage may be fairly compared with the rate of increase in the negro population, 11.2 per cent. White and negro population. — The number of whites and negroes in the total population of the United States at each census from 1790 to 1910 is given in Table 2. Tables CENSUS YEAR. NUMBER. PER CENT OF TOTAL. Total population. - White. Negro. Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. White. Negro. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. 1910 91,972,266 81,7.31,957 9,827,763 412,540 88.9 10.7 0.4 1900 75,994,575 66,809, 190 8,833,994 351,385 87.9 11.6 0.5 1890 02,947,714 55, 101, 258 7,488,676 357,780 87.5 11.9 0.6 1880 50, 155,783 43,402,970 6,580,793 172,020 86.5 13.1 0.3 1870 1 38,558,371 33,589,377 4,880,009 88,985 87. 1 12.7 0.2 1S70 2... 39,818,449 34,337,292 6,392,172 88,985 86.2 13.6 0.3 1860 31,443,321 26,922,537 4,441,830 78, 954 85.6 14.1 0.3 1850 23,191,876 19, 553, 008 3, 638, 808 84.3 15.7 1840 17,009,453 14, 195, 805 2,873,648 83.2 16.8 1830 12,866,020 10,537,378 2,328,642 81.9 18. 1 1820 9,638,453 7,860,797 1,771,656 81.6 18.4 1810 7,239,881 5,862,073 1.377,808 81.0 19.0 1800 5,308,483 4,306,446 1,002,037 81. 1 18.9 1790 3,929,214 3.172,006 757,208 80.7 19.3 > As enumerated. * Estimated corrected figures. See explanation in text. The census of 1860 was the first at which Indians were distinguished from the other classes. Not, how- ever, until the census of 1890 was any enumeration made of the Indians on reservations or “living in tribal relations,” so that statistics for the group in which they are included in the table are not com- parable further back than 1890. The distinction of white and colored is the only one which has been carried through all the 13 censuses. There is some doubt whether the small number of taxed Indians were counted with the white or with the colored prior to 1860. The proportion of whites in the total population, which was approximately four-fifths in 1790, has in- creased at each succeeding census, except for an insig- nificant decrease in 1810 as compared with 1800. The apparently lower percentage in 1880, as com- pared with 1870, is undoubtedly erroneous, being due to the faulty census of 1870, which is known to have been generally deficient in the Southern states. The number of omissions in these states in 1870 is estimated to have been 747,915 whites and 512,163 negroes, aggregating 1,260,078. (See Reports of the Eleventh Census, Population, Part I, pp. xi, xii, and xvi.) Assuming these estimates to be correct, the white population in 1870 represented 86.2 per cent of the total and the negro 13.5. During the first 40 years of the period covered by the table, the proportions of whites and negroes did not change materially, although the total population more than trebled. Thoreaftor the proportion of 79 COLOR OR RACE, *NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. whites increased more rapidly — from 81.9 per cent in 1830 to 88.9 per cent in 1910. Table 3 gives the dcceniiial increase, both absolute and relative, in the white and in the negro popula- tion for each decade from 1790 to 1910. Tublo 3 DECADE. INCREASE. PER CENT OF INCREASE. Total. White. Negro. Total. White. Ne- gro. 1900-1910 15, 977, 691 14,922,761 993,769 21.0 22.3 11.2 1890-1900 13,046,861 11,707,938 1,345,318 20.7 21.2 18.0 1880-1890 1 12,460,467 t 11,580,920 ‘ 889, 247 24.9 20.7 13.5 1870-1880 11,597,412 9,813,593 1,700,784 30.1 29.2 34.9 mo-mo i 10,SS7,SS4 9,065,878 1,188, en 28.0 28.4 22.0 1860^1870 2 8,S75,m 7,414,755 950,342 28.6 27.5 21. S 1860-1870 7,115,050 6,666,840 438, 179 22.6 24.8 9.9 1850-1800 8,251,445 7,309,469 803,022 35.6 37.7 2’2. 1 1840-1850 6, 122, 423 5,357,263 765, 160 35.9 37.7 26.6 1830-1840 4,203,433 3,658,427 545, 006 32.7 34.7 23.4 1820-1830 3,227,567 2, 670, 581 556,986 33.5 33.9 31.4 1810-1820 2,398,572 2,004,724 393, 848 33.1 34.2 28.6 1800-1810 1,931,398 1,555,627 375,771 36.4 36.1 37.5 1790-1800 1,379,269 1, 134, 440 244,829 35.1 35.8 32.3 ' Exclusive of 325,464 persons (among whom were 117,368 whites and 18,636 negroes) specially enumerated in I890in Indian Territory and on Indian reservations. 2 Estimated corrected increase. The addition to the total white population in the decade 1900-1910 was considerably greater than during any other decade and indeed exceeded the total white population of the country in 1840. The in- crease in the negro population, however, was less than that from 1890 to 1900 and was much less than that from 1870 to 1880 as based on the returns. If, however, the irregularity in the increase for the decades 1860-1870 and 1870-1880, due to the defective enumeration of the population in 1870, be corrected to correspond with the estimated population of 1870, the increase of negroes from 1870 to 1880 becomes less marked, although still greater than that from 1900 to 1910. Assuming the estimates for 1870 to be approxi- mately correct, each decade since 1790 has shown for the white population an absolute gain larger than that for the decade immediately preceding, and the per- centage of increase for the white population has ex- ceeded that for the negro population in every decade since 1790 except 1800-1810. In the 50 years 1860- 1910 the white population increased 203.6 per cent and the negro population 121.3 per cent. A comparison of the deceimial rates of increase in the white population from 1790 to 1910 reveals three clearly defined periods. From 1790 to 1860 the rate was high and remarkably uniform, varying little from 35 per cent. Then it fell off abruptly and for three decades, from 1860 to 1890 (accepting the esti- mated figures for 1870), was close to 27 per cent. The third period dates from 1890, the percentage of increase being 21.2 from 1890 to 1900 and 22.3 from 1900 to 1910. With respect to the rate of increase of the negroes, three similar periods also appear, the second, however, beginning in 1830 and the third in 1880. According to the returns the rate from 1880 to 1890 was very much lower than even the estimated rate from 1870 to 1880, and the rate from 1890 to 1900 was much higher than during either the preceding or the succeeding decade. Such abrupt changes in the growth of a class of the population which is not affected by immigra- tion seem very improbable and almost force the con- clusion that the enumeration of negroes in 1890 was deficient. Indian, Chinese, and Japanese population. — In Table 4 are shown the numbers of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese at each census from 1860 to 1910. Table •! CENSUS YEAR. Indian. Chinese. Japanese. 1910 265,683 237, 196 248,253 66,407 25,731 44,021 71,531 89,863 107,488 105,465 03,199 34,933 72, 157 24,326 2,039 148 55 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 ; Indians in Indian Territory and on Indian reserva- tions are not included in the totals for 1860, 1870, and 1880, but are included in the totals for 1890, 1900, and 1910. Since 1890 the Indian population has increased slightly, although a slight decrease is indicated for the decade 1890-1900; the Chinese population de- creased, while the Japanese increased rapidly during each of the two decades and in 1910 slightly outnum- bered the Chinese. There were also enumerated in 1910 other nonwhite races, consisting, for the greater part, of Hindus and Koreans, to the number of 3,175. Black and mulatto population. — Table 5 gives a classification of the negro population as black or mu- latto for the several censuses at which this distinction has been made. Table 5 f CENSUS YEARA NEGRO POPULATION. PER CENT OF TOTAL. Total. Black. Mulatto. Black. Mu'atto. 1910 9,827,763 7,777,077 2,050,086 79.1 20.9 1890 2 7,488,676 6,337,9.80 1,132,060 84.8 15.2 1870 4,880,009 4,295,960 584,049 88.0 12.0 1800 4,441,830 3,853,467 588, .363 86.8 13.2 1850 3,638,808 3,233,057 405,751 88.8 11.2 > No data for 1880 or 1900. 2 Includes 18,636 negroes enumerated in Indian Territory, not distinguished as black or mulatto. No data are available for 1880 or 1900. Of the 9,827,763 negroes enumerated in 1910, 7,777,077 were returned as black and 2,050,686 as mulatto. In 1850 the percentage of mulattoes was 11.2. It had advanced but little in 1870, being only 12 per cent, but since 1870 the proportion of mulattoes in the total negro population appears to have increased very mate- rially, reaching 15.2 per cent in 1890 and 20.9 per cent in 1910. Considerable uncertainty necessarily attaches to this classification, however, since the accuracy of the distinction made depends largely upon the judgment and care of the enumerators. Moreover, the fact that the definition of the term '‘mulatto” adopted at differ- ent censuses has not been entirely uniform may affect the comparability of the figures in some degree. In 1870, as in 1910, however, the term was applied to all 80 ABSTRACT OF THE CENS\JS— POPULATION. persons having any perceptible trace of negro blood, excepting, of course, negroes of pure blood. Native and foreign-born population. — The aggregate population at each census from 18.50 to 1910 is classified as native or foreign born in Table 6. Xublo ii CENSUS YEAR. POPULATION. PER CENT OF TOTAL. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Native. Foreign born. 1910 91,972,260 78, 4.56, 380 13,515,886 85.3 14.7 1900 75,994,575 65,653,299 10,341,276 86. 4 13.0 1890 62,947,714 53,698,1.54 9,249,560 85.3 14.7 1880 .50, 155, 783 43,475,840 6,679,943 86.7 13.3 1870 38,558,371 32,991,142 5, .567, 229 85.6 14.4 1860 31,443,321 27,304,024 4,138,097 80.8 13.2 1850 23,191,876 20, 947,274 2,244,002 90.3 9.7 The proportions of the native and foreign born have not changed greatly since 1860. The deficiency m the census of 1870 affected the native population much more than the foreign born, so that the proportions for that year are slightly misleading. It is certain, how- ever, that for the native population the rate of mcrease has fallen off hi each of the last three decades. For the foreign born the rate has fluctuated more or less directly with the volume of immigration. The decen- nial increases from 1850 to 1910 are shown in Table 7. Table 7 INCREASE. PER CENT INCREASE OF DECADE. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Total. Native. For- eign bom. 1900-1910 15,977,691 13,046,861 > 12,466,467 11,. 597, 412 12,803,081 11,955,145 ' 9,896,863 10,484,698 5,686,518 6,357,350 3,174,610 1,091,716 > 2, 569, 604 21.0 19.5 30.7 1890-1900 20.7 22.3 11.8 1880-1890 24.9 22.8 .38.5 1870-1880 i;il2;714 1, 428, 532 1,894,095 30.1 31.8 20.0 1860-1870 7 ; 115 ; 0.50 8,251,445 22.6 20.8 34.5 1850-1860 35.6 30.3 84.4 > Exclusive of population specially enumerated in 1890. Table 8 shows, for 1910, the number of each color or race who were native and foreign born, respectively, with the percentage which persons of each color or race formed of the total foreign born. Table 8 COLOR OR RACE. POPULATION. Total. Native. Forei Number. gn born. Per cent of total. Per cent of total for- eign bom. Total population. 91,972,266 78,456,380 13,515,886 14.7 100.0 White 81,731,957 68,386,412 13,345,545 16.3 98.7 N egro 9,827,763 9,787,424 40,339 0.4 0.3 Indian 265, 683 262,930 2,753 1.0 (>) Chinese 71,531 14,935 56,596 79.1 0.4 Japanese " 72, 157 4,502 67, 655 93.8 0.5 All other 3,175 177 2,998 94.4 (>) 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The distinction of native or foreign birth is significant for the white population only. The proportion of for- eign born among the negroes and Indians is quite unim- portant; and while more than three-fourths of the members of the other nonwliite races enumerated are of foreign birth, the distinction has little significance. In the subsequent consideration of the population of the United States the distinction between native and foreign born is generally noted only in the case of the white population. White population by nativity and parentage. — Table 9 classifies the total white population at each census from 1850 to 1910 as native or foreign born, and the native white population at each census from 1870 to 1910 by parentage. Statistics as to parentage are not available for any census prior to that of 1870. The decennial increases are also given in the table for all decades for which figures are available. Table 9 CENSUS YEAR OR DECADE. 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1850 Increase; 1900-1910 1890-1900 1880-1890 1870-1880 1860-1870 1850-1860 Per cent of increase: 1900-1910 1890-1900 1880-1890 1870-1880 1860-1870 1850-1860 Total white. 81,731,957 66,809,196 55, 101,258 43, 402, 970 33,589,377 26.922,537 19,553,068 14,022,761 11,707,9.38 2 11,580,920 9,813,593 6, 666, 8*10 7,369,469 22.3 21.2 26.7 29.2 24.8 37.7 Total. 68,386,412 56,595,379 45, 979, 391 36,843,291 28,095,665 22,825,784 17,312,533 11,791,033 10,615,988 2 9,018,7.32 8,747,626 5,269,881 5,513,251 20.8 23.1 24.5 31. 1 23. 1 31.8 NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. 49,488,575 40,949,362 34,475,716 > 28, 568, 424 >22,771,397 8,539,213 6,473,646 2 5,789,924 5,797,027 20,9 18,8 20,3 25, 5 Foreign or mixed parentage. Total, 18,897,837 15,646,017 11,503,675 > 8,274,867 > 5,324,268 3,251,820 4, 142, ,342 3,228,808 2,950,599 20,8 36.0 39.0 55.4 Foreign. 12,916,311 10,632,280 8,08.5,019 >6,30,3,769 >4, 167,098 2,284.031 2,547,261 1,721,250 2,196,671 21.5 31.5 27.0 52.7 Mixed. 5,981,526 5,013,737 3, 418. 656 •1,911,098 >1,157,170 967, 789 1,595,081 1,507,558 753, 928 19.3 46.7 78.9 05.2 > Partly estimated. 2 Exclusive of white population specially enumerated in 1890. Foreign- born white. 13,345,545 10,213,817 9, 121,867 6, 559, 679 5,493,712 4,096.753 2,240,535 3,131,728 1,091,950 2,562,188 1,065,967 1,396,959 1,856,218 30.7 12.0 39.1 19.4 34.1 82.8 The native white population incioased 20.8 per cent in the decade 1900-1910; in the preceding decade, 1890-1900, the increase was 23.1 per cent. For the native whites of native parentage, however, tlie rate of increase was liigher from 1900 to 1910 than in the preceding decade, being 20.9 jier cent as 81 COLOR OR RACK, NATIVITY, AND PARIONTAGE. compared with 18.8. For the native wliitos of foreiffii parentage, on the other hand, the rate from 1900 to 1910 was lower, and there was a decline even jnore marked in (he percentage of increase for the native whiles of mixed parentage — from 40.7 per cent in the earlier decade to 19.3 in the later. It should be remembered, however, that these percentages do not represent the rates of “natural” increase for the several classes compared, for the reason, already noted, that the births among the native popidation of foreign parentage are contributions to the growth of the native population of native parentage, and the native whites of foreign parentage are similarly dependent for their increase upon the birth rate among the foreign-born whites. These variations in the rates of increase are affected by preceding varia- tions in the number of immigrants and in their age distribution, sex distribution, and other characteris- tics, but the effects are very difficult to trace. A further presentation for each of the nativity and parentage classes of the white population is given in Table 1 0, which shows the proportion which they formed of the white population and of the total population of the country, respectiyely, at each census from 1850 to 1910. Table lO CENSUS YEAR. Total white. NATIVE WHITE. For- eign- born white. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage. Total. For- eign. Mixed. PER CENT OF TOTAL WHITE POPULATION. 1910 100.0 83.7 60.5 23.1 15.8 7.3 16.3 1900 100.0 84.7 61.3 2.3.4 15.9 7.5 15.3 1890 100.0 83.4 62.6 20.9 14,7 6.2 16.6 1880 100.0 84.9 65.8 19.1 14.7 4.4 15.1 1870 100.0 83.6 67.8 15.9 12.4 3.4 16.4 I860 100.0 84.8 15.2 1850 100.0 88.5 11.5 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. 1910 88.9 74.4 53.8 20.5 14.0 6.5 14.5 1900 87.9 74.5 53.9 20.6 14.0 6.6 1.3.4 1890 87.5 73.0 54.8 18.3 12.8 5.4 14.5 1880 86.5 73.5 57.0 16.5 12.7 3.8 13.1 1870 87.1 72.9 59.1 13.8 10.8 3.0 14.2 1860 85.6 72.6 13.0 1850 84.3 74. 6 9.7 Of the total white population in 1910, approximately five-sixths (83.7 per cent) were native and about one- sixth (16.3 percent) foreign born. The proportion of foreign born in the white population increased from 11.5 per cent in 1850 to 15.2 per cent in 1860, and to 16.4 per cent in 1870 (doubtless slightly exag- gerated by the deficiency in enumeration in the South, where most of the population is native). Since 1870 it has slightly decreased and slightly increased in alternate decades. The proportion of persons of native parentage among the whites has decreased during each of the four decades covered by the figures, falling off from 67.8 per cent of the total in 1870 to 60.5 per cent in 1910. 72497°— 13 6 Tho.se of foreign and of mixed parentage, taken together, constituted a larger proportion of the white population at each succeeding census from 1870 to 1900, but the proportion in 1910 (23.1 per cent) was a trifle lower than in 1900. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Population by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — The population of the divisions and states in 1910 and 1900 is clas.sified in Table 12 by color or race, and in Table 13 by nativity and parentage. The general geographic distribution of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes of the population in 1910 is indicated in Table 11. Table 11 SECTION AND DIVISION. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC divisions : 1910 Total popu- lation. Totai. White. Native. For- eign bom. Negro. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. Native parents age. For- eign or mixed parent- age. United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The North 60.6 66.9 55.3 84.5 84.8 10.5 21.6 New England 7.1 7.9 5.3 10.9 13.6 0.7 1.4 Middle Atlantic 21.0 23. 1 17.1 29.6 36.2 4.3 4.3 East North Cenfrai 19.8 21.9 19.7 27.0 23.0 3.1 5.4 West North Central 12.7 13.9 13.2 17.0 12.1 2.5 10.6 The South 32.0 25.1 37.5 6.7 5.4 89.0 22.4 South Atlantic 13.3 9.9 14.8 2.3 2.2 41.8 2.6 East South Cent rai 9.1 7.0 11.0 1.1 0.7 27.0 0.7 West South Central 9.6 8.2 11.7 3.2 2.0 20.2 19.1 The West 7.4 8.0 7.2 8.8 9.7 0.5 56.0 Mountain 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3 0.2 22.2 Paeifle 4.6 4.9 4.3 5.6 6.5 0.3 33.8 Of the total white population in 1910, about two- thirds (54,640,209, or 66.9 per cent) were in the four northern divisions, and of the negro population, ap- proximately nine-tenths (8,749,427, or 89 per cent) were in the three southern divisions. The Chinese and the Japanese were mainly in the states of the Pacific coast and Rocky Mountains; and the Indians mainly on scattered leservations, and in states lying west of the Mississippi, more than one-fourth (74,825, or 28.2 per cent) being in Oklahoma. Of the 13,345,545 foreign-born whites in 1910, ap- proximately five-sixths (11,321,016, or 84.8 per cent) were in the four northern divisions; and practically the same proportion (15,967,158, or 84.5 per cent) of the 18,897,837 native whites of foreign or mixed parentage were in these same divisions. Of the total foreign- born white population, 36.2 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, a percentage which considerably ex- ceeds the corresponding figure for 1900 (32.3 per cent). The native whites of native parentage were widely dis- tributed, 27,352,035, or 55.3 per cent, of this class in 1910 being in the four northern divisions, 18,561,146, or 37.5 per cent, in the three southern divisions, and 3,575,394, or 7.2 percent, in the two western divisions. 82 ABSl^RACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACE, J5Y DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table l‘Z POPULATION BY COLOR OR RACE. DIVISION AND STATE. Total. White. Negro. Indian. Chinese. Japanese. All other: 11)10 1900 lUU) 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 United States 91,972,266 75,994, 57B 81,731,957 66, 809, 196 9, 827, 763 8, 833, 994 265, 683 237, 196 71,531 89,863 72, 157 24,326 3, 175 Geographic divisions: Now Kngland 6, .552, 681 5,592,017 6, 480, ,514 5,527,026 66, 306 59, 099 2,076 1,(M0 3,499 4,203 272 89 14 Middle Atlantic 19,31.5,892 15, 454, 678 18, 880,452 15,110,862 417,870 325,921 7,717 6,959 8,189 10,490 1,643 446 21 East North Central 18, 250, 621 15,985,581 17,927,622 15,710,053 300, 836 257,842 18,255 15, 027 3,415 2,533 482 126 11 West North Central 11,637,921 10,347,423 11,351,621 10,065,817 242, 662 237,909 41,406 42,339 1, 195 1,135 1,000 223 37 South Atlantic 12,194,895 10, 443, 480 8,071,603 6, 706, 058 4,112,488 3, 729, 017 9,054 6, 585 1,582 1,791 156 29 12 East Soutti Central 8,409,901 7,547,7.57 5,754,326 5,044,847 2,652,513 2,499,886 2,612 2, 590 414 427 26 7 lO' West South Central 8, 784, .534 6,532,290 6,721,491 4, 771, 065 1,984,426 1,694,066 76,767 65, 574 1,303 1,555 428 30 119 Mountain 2, 6.33, 517 1,674,657 2, 520, 455 1, 579, 855 21,467 15,590 75, 338 66, 155 5,614 7,950 10, 447 5, 107 196 Pacific 4,192,304 2, 416, 692 4,023,873 2,293,613 29, 105 14,664 32,458 30, 367 46,320 69,779 57,703 18,269 2,755 New England: 742,371 694, 466 739,995 692, 226 1,363 1,319 892 798 108 11Q 13 4 New Ilarapshire 430, 572 411,588 429. 906 410, 791 664 662 34 22 67 112 1 1 Vermont 355,9.56 343, 641 354,298 342, 771 1,621 826 26 5 8 39 3 Massachusetts 3,366, 416 2,805,346 3, 324, 926 2, 769, 764 38, 055 31,974 688 687 2,582 2,968 151 53 14 542,610 428, 556 532, 492 419,050 9,529 9,092 284 35 272 366 33 13 1,114,756 908, 420 1,098,897 892, 424 15,174 15,226 152 153 462 699 71 18 Middle Atlantic: New York 9, 113, 614 7,268, 894 8,966,845 7,1.56,881 134, 191 99,232 6,046 5,2.57 5,266 7, 170 1,247 354 19 2, 537, 167 1,883,669 2,445,894 1,812,317 89, 760 69,844 168 63 1,139 1,393 206 52 Pennsylvania 7,665,111 6,302,115 7, 467, 713 6,141,664 193,919 156, 845 1,503 1,639 1,784 1,927 190 40 2 East North Central: 4, 767, 121 4. 157,545 4, 654,897 4,060,204 111,452 96,901 127 42 569 371 76 27 Indiana 2, 700, 876 2,516,462 2,639,961 2, 458, 502 60, 3i0 57, 5v'5 279 243 276 207 38 5 2 lilinois 5, 638, 591 4,821,550 5,526,962 4,734,873 109, 049 85,078 188 16 2, 103 1,503 285 80 4 Michigan 2,810, 173 2,420,982 2,785,247 2,398,563 17,115 15, 816 7,519 6,354 241 240 49 9 2 Wisconsin 2,333,860 2,069,042 2, 320, 555 2,057,911 2,900 2,542 10, 142 8,372 226 212 34 5 S West North Central: Minnesota 2,075,708 1,751,394 2, 059, 227 1, 737, 036 7,084 4,959 9,053 9,182 275 166 67 51 2 Iowa 2,224,771 2,231,853 2,209, 191 2,218,667 14,973 12, 693 471 382 97 104 36 7 3 Missouri 3,293,335 3, 106, 665 3,134,932 2,944,843 157,452 161,234 313 130 535 449 99 9 4 577, 056 319,146 569; 855 311,712 617 286 6, 486 6, 968 39 32 59 148 583, 888 401,570 563,771 380,714 817 465 19, 137 20, 225 121 165 42 1 Nebraska 1,192,214 1,066, 300 1,180,293 1,056,526 7,689 6,269 3,502 3,322 112 180 590 3 28 1,690,949 1, 470, 495 1, 634, 352 1,416, .319 54,030 52, 003 2, 444 2, 130 16 39 107 4 South Atlantic: 202, 322 184, 735 171,102 153,977 31,181 30, 697 5 9 30 61 4 1 1,295,346 1,188, 044 1,062,639 952, 424 232,250 235, 064 55 3 378 544 24 9 District of Columbia 331,069 278, 718 236, 128 191, 532 94, 446 86,702 68 22 369 455 47 7 11 2,061,612 1,854,184 1, 389, 809 1, 192,855 671,096 660, 722 539 354 154 243 14 10 1,221,119 958, 800 1,156, 817 915,233 64, 173 43, 499 36 12 90 56 3 2, 206, 287 1,893,810 1,500,511 1,263, 603 697, 843 624, 469 7,85i 5,687 80 51 2 1,515, 400 1,340,316 679,161 557, 807 835, 843 782, 321 331 121 67 67 8 2, 609, 121 2,216, 331 1,431,802 1,181,294 1,176,987 1,034,813 95 19 233 204 4 1 Florida 752, 619 528, 542 443, 634 297,333 308, 669 230, 730 74 358 191 120 50 1 1 East South Central: 2,289,905 2,147,174 2, 027,951 1,862,309 261,656 284, 706 234 102 52 57 12 Tennessee 2,184,789 2,020,616 1,711,432 1,540,186 473, 088 480, 243 216 108 43 75 8 4 2 Alabama 2,138,093 1,828,697 1,228,832 1,001,152 908,282 827,307 909 177 62 58 4 3 4 1,797,114 1, 551, 270 786,111 641,200 1, 009, 487 907, 630 1,2.53 2,203 257 237 2 4 West South Central: 1,574,449 1,311,564 1,131,026 944,580 442, 891 366, 856 460 66 62 (>2 9 1 Louisiana 1,656,388 1,381,625 941,086 729, 612 713, 874 650,804 780 593 507 599 31 17 119 1,657, 155 790,391 1,444,531 670, 204 137,612 55,684 74, 825 04, 445 139 58 48 Texas 3,896,542 3,048,710 3, 204, 848 2, 426, 669 690,049 620,722 702 470 595 8.30 340 13 8 Mountain: Montana 376,053 243, 329 360, 580 226, 283 1,834 1,523 10,745 11,343 1,285 1,739 1,685 2,441 24 Idaho 325,594 161,772 319,221 154, 495 651 293 3,488 4,226 859 1,467 1,363 1,291 12 Wyoming 145,965 92,531 140,318 89,051 2, 235 940 1,480 1,680 246 461 1,596 393 84 Colorado 799,024 639, 700 783, 415 529, 046 11,4,53 8, 570 1,482 1,437 373 m 2,300 48 1 327 301 195,310 304, 594 180, 207 1,628 1,610 20,573 13, 14t 248 341 258 8 204,354 122,931 171,468 92, 903 2,009 1,848 29, 201 26, 480 1,305 1,419 371 281 Utah 373, 351 276,749 366, 583 272, 46,5 1,144 672 3,123 2,623 371 572 2,110 417 20 Nevada 81,875 42, 335 74,276 35, 405 513 134 5.240 5,216 927 1,3,52 864 228 55 PACTnc: Washington 1,141,990 518, 103 1, 109,111 496,304 0,058 2, 514 10,997 10, 039 2,709 3,029 12,929 5,617 186 Oregon 672, 765 413,530 655,090 394, 582 1,492 1, 105 5,090 4,951 7. 363 10, 397 3,418 2,501 312 California 2,377,549 1,48.5, 053 2, 259, 072 1,402, 727 21, 645 11,045 10,371 15,377 30, 2 18 45, 75.3 41,356 10. 151 2,257 > Includes population of Indian Tendtory for 1900. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 83 NATIVITY AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1 900. Table 13 TOTAL POPULATION HY NATIVITY. WHITK POPULATION 1)Y NATIVITY AND PARENTAGK. Native. DIVISION AND STATK. Native. Foreign bom. Total. Native parentage. Foreign parentage. Mixed parentage. Foreign bom. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 78,456,380 65,653,299 13,515,886 10, 341,276 68,386,412 56, 595,379 49,488,675 40,949,362 12,916,311 10,632,280 5, 981, 626 5,013,737 13,345,545 10,213,817 Geographic divisions: Now England 4,727,571 4,146,780 1,825,110 1,445,237 4,666, 128 4,090, 154 2,013,419 2,511,110 1,460,565 1,117,093 592, 144 461,951 1,814,386 1,436,872 Middle Atlantic 14,404,719 12, 137,119 4,851,173 3,317,559 14,054,273 11,808,746 8,462,961 7,406,579 4,113,076 3, 14.3,021 1, 478, 236 1,259, 146 4,826, 179 3,302,116 East Nortli Central . 15, 176, 855 13,360,355 3,073,766 2, 625, 226 14,860,402 13,089,756 9,751,968 8,488,016 3,450,015 3,110,7M 1, 658, 419 1,490,956 3,067,220 2,620,297 West North Central. 10,021,226 8,814, 175 1,616,696 1,533,248 9,738,390 8,534,712 6,523,687 5,0(i0,903 2, 102,703 1,933,117 1,112,000 940, 692 1,613,231 1,531,105 South Atlantic 11,894,901 10,227,450 299,994 216,030 7,781,048 6,497,175 7,341,205 6, 107,314 274, 451 233,871 165,392 155,990 290,555 208,883 East South Central. . 8,322,076 7,457,189 87,825 90,568 5, 667, 469 4,955, 165 5,452,492 4,725,774 123,915 131,048 91,062 98,343 86,857 89, 682 West South Central . 8,432,342 6,265,203 352, 192 267,087 6,372,732 4,507,055 5,767,449 4,028,944 364,032 285,781 241,251 192,330 348, 759 204,010 Mountain 2, 180, 195 1,372,688 453,322 301,969 2,083,545 1,291,494 1,466,624 855, 101 370,009 266,255 246,912 170, 138 436,910 288,361 Pacific 3,230,495 1,872,340 955,809 544,352 3, 162,425 1,821,122 2, 108,770 1, 165, 621 657,545 411,310 396,110 244, 191 861,448 472, 491 New England: Maine 631,809 601, 136 110,562 93,330 629,862 599,291 494,907 493,082 73,455 58,306 61,500 47,903 no, 133 92, 935 New Hampshire 333,905 323, 481 96,667 88, 107 333,348 322, 830 230,231 242, 614 67,601 53, 282 35,516 26,934 96,558 87,961 Vermont 306,035 298,894 49,921 44,747 304,437 298,077 229,382 225,381 39,507 38,239 35,548 34,457 49,861 44,694 Massachusetts 2,307, 171 1,959,022 1,059,245 846,324 2,273,876 1,929,650 1, 103,429 1,032,264 846, 820 650, 694 323, 627 246, 692 1,051,050 840,114 Rhode island 363,469 294,037 179, 141 134,519 354,467 285,278 159,821 144,986 144,270 104, 087 50,376 36,205 178,025 133,772 Connecticut 785, 182 670,210 329,574 238,210 770, 138 655,028 395,649 372,783 288,912 212,485 85,577 69,760 328,759 237,396 Middle Atlantic: New York 6,365,603 5,368,469 2,748,011 1,900,425 6,237,573 5,267,358 3,230,325 2,851,513 2,241,837 1,761,868 765,411 653,977 2,729,272 1,889,523 New Jersey 1,876,379 1,451,785 660,788 431,884 1,787,706 1,382,267 1,009,909 825,973 576,011 402, 893 201, 786 153,401 658, 188 430, 050 Pennsylvania 6,222,737 6,316,865 1,442,374 985,250 6,028,994 5, 159, 121 4,222,727 3,729,093 1,295,228 978,260 511,039 451, 768 1,438,719 982, 543 East North Central: Ohio 4, 168,747 3,698,811 598,374 458,734 4,057,652 3,602,304 3,033,259 2, 651, 440 671,275 612,518 353, 118 338,346 597,245 457,900 Indiana 2,541,213 2, 374,341 159, 663 142, 121 2,480,639 2,316,641 2, 130, 088 1,952, 194 211,008 215,785 139,543 148, 662 159,322 141.861 Uliaois 4,433,277 3,854,803 1,205,314 966,747 4,324,402 3,770,238 2,600,555 2,271,765 1,232, 155 1,070,211 491, 692 428,262 1,202,560 964,635 Michigan 2,212,623 1,879,329 597,550 541,653 2, 189, 723 1,858,367 1,224,841 1,026,714 611,319 533,547 353, 563 298, 106 595, 524 540, 196 Wisconsin 1,820,995 1,553,071 512,865 515,971 1,807,986 1,542,206 763,225 585,903 724,258 678,723 320,503 277,580 512,569 515, 705 West North Central: Minnesota 1,532,113 1,246,076 543,595 505,'818 1,516,217 1,232, 101 575,081 425,780 667,460 597,800 273, 676 208,521 543,010 504,935 Iowa 1,951,006 1,925,933 273,765 305,920 1,935,707 1,912,885 1.303,526 1,261,068 395,541 419, 123 236, 640 232, 694 273, 484 305,782 Missouri 3,003,556 2,890,286 229,779 216, 379 2,906,036 2, 729,068 2,387,835 2,204,874 312, 027 319,110 206, 174 205,084 228, 896 215,775 North Dakota 420, 402 206, 055 156, 654 113,091 413, 697 199, 122 162,461 65,811 180,054 102, 680 71, 182 30,631 156, 158 112,590 South Dakota 483,098 313, 062 100,790 88,508 463, 143 292,385 245,652 136, 191 143,045 110,915 74,446 45, 279 100, 628 88, 329 Nebraska 1,015,552 888, 953 176,662 177,347 1,004,428 879,409 642,075 553, 524 234,670 221,983 127,683 103,902 175, 865 177, 117 Kansas 1,555,499 1,343,810 135,450 126, 685 1,499, 162 1,289,742 1,207,057 1,013,655 169, 906 161,506 122, 199 114,581 135, 190 126,577 South Atlantic: Delawaie 184,830 170,925 17,492 13,810 153,682 140,248 127,809 118,029 17,566 14,767 8,307 7,452 17,420 13, 729 Maryland 1,190,402 1,094,110 104,944 93,934 958,465 859,280 766,627 680,049 130,321 119,188 61,517 60,043 104,174 93, 144 District of Columbia. 306,167 258,599 24,902 20,119 211,777 172,012 166,711 134,073 26,522 22,449 18,544 15,490 24,351 19,520 Virginia 2,034,555 1,834,723 27,057 19,461 1,363, 181 1,173,787 1,325,238 1,141,213 21,613 17,099 16,330 15,475 26,628 19,068 West Virginia 1,163,901 936,349 57,218 22,451 1,099,745 892,854 1,042,107 843,981 35,407 26,838 22,231 22,035 57,072 22,379 North Carolina 2,200,195 1,889,318 6,092 4,492 1,494,569 1,259,209 1,485,718 1,250,811 3,886 3,321 4,965 5,077 5,942 4,394 South Carolina 1,509,221 1,334,788 6,179 5,528 673,107 552,436 661,970 540,766 5,759 5,936 5,378 5,734 6,054 5, 371 Georgia 2,593,644 2,203,928 15,477 12,403 1,416,730 1,169,273 1,391,058 1,144,36b 13,232 12,006 12,440 12,907 15,072 12,021 Florida 711,986 504,710 40,633 23,832 409,792 278,076 373,967 254,032 20, 145 12,267 15,680 11,777 33,842 19,257 East South Central: Kentucky 2,249,743 2,096,925 40, 162 50,249 1,987,898 1,812,176 1,863,194 1,673,413 76,523 86,230 48,181 52,527 40,053 50, 133 Tennessee 2,166,182 2,002,870 18,607 17,746 1,692,973 1,522,600 1,654,606 1,481,636 20,572 21,281 17,795 19,683 18,459 17, 586 Alabama 00 o 1,814,105 19,286 14,592 1,209,876 986,814 1,177,459 956,658 17,66? 15, 186 14,750 14,970 18,956 14,338 Mississippi 1,787,344 1,543,289 9,770 7,981. 776,722 633,575 757,233 614,067 9,153 8,345 10,336 11,163 9,389 7,625 West South Central: Arkansas 1,557,403 1,297,275 17,046 14,289 1,114,117 930,394 1,077,509 897,668 18,387 15,199 18,221 17,527 16,909 14,186 Louisiana 1,603,622 1,328,722 52,766 52,903 889,304 677,759 776,587 569,962 68,389 63,317 44,328 44,480 51,782 51,853 Oklahoma* 1,616,713 769,853 40,442 20,538 1,404,447 649,814 1,310,403 601,552 49,877 24,683 44,167 23,579 40,084 20,390 Texas 3,654,604 ,2,869,353 241,938 179,357 2,964,864 2,249,088 2,602,950 1,959,762 227,379 182,582 134,535 106,744 239,984 177,581 Mountain: Montana 281,340 176,262 94,713 67,067 268,936 163,910 162,127 92,937 68,006 46,246 38,203 24,727 91,644 62,373 Idaho 283,016 137,168 42,578 24,604 278,794 132,005 203,599 89; 851 40,075 23,373 35, 120 19,381 40,427 21,890 Wyoming 116,945 75,116 29,020 17,415 113,200 72, 469 80,696 47,982 19,761 15,450 12,753 9,037 27,118 16,582 Colorado 669,437 448,545 129, 587 91,155 656,564 438,671 475, 136 311,335 114,747 79,692 66,681 47,544 126,851 90,475 New Mexico 304, 155 181,685 23, 146 13,625 281,940 166,940 255,609 149,029 14,410 9,677 11,921 8,240 22,654 13,261 Arizona 155,589 98,698 48,765 24,233 124,644 70,508 82,468 44,830 26,117 15,466 16,059 10,212 46,824 22,395. Utah 307, 529 222, 972 65,822 53,777 303, 190 219,661 171,663 104,026 73,983 69,204 57, .544 46,431 63,393 52,804 Nevada 62, 184 32,242 19,691 10,093 56,277 26,824 35,326 15,111 12,320 7,147 8,631 4,566 17,999 8,581 Pacific: Washington 885,749 406,739 256,241 111,364 867,914 394, 179 585,386 265,068 174,845 79,422 107,683 49,689 241,197 102,125 Oregon 559, 629 347,788 113,136 65,748 552,089 340,721 416,851 256, 125 79,336 49,058 55, 902 35,538 103,001 53,861 Caliifoma 1,791,117 1,117,813 586,432 367,240 1,742,422 1,080,222 1,106,533 644,428 403,364 282,830 232, 525 158,964 517,250 316,505 I Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 84 ABSTRACT 0 ¥ THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PERCENTAGI': OF NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. COLOR OR RAC^J*], NA'JIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. 85 PERCENTAGE OF NATIVE WHITES OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES AND NATIVE WHITES OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE COMBINED IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. 8G AJ^STRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOll OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE— RER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 11 DIVISION AND STATE. PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. While. Negro. Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other. Native white. Foreign-bom white. Total native (all races). Total foreign bom (all races). Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed par. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTulted States 88.9 87.9 10.7 11.6 0.4 0.5 74.4 74.5 53.8 53.9 20.5 20.6 14.5 13,4 85.3 86.4 14.7 13.6 Geogbapiiic divisions : Now England 98.9 98.8 1.0 1. 1 0.1 0. 1 71.2 73. 1 39.9 44.9 31.3 28.2 27.7 25.7 72.1 74.2 27.9 25.8 Middle Atlantic 97.7 97.8 2.2 2. 1 0.1 0. 1 72.8 76.4 43.8 47.9 28.9 28.5 25.0 21.4 74.9 78.5 25.1 21.5 East North Central '98.2 98.3 1.6 1.6 0.1 0. 1 81.4 81.9 53.4 53. 1 28.0 28.8 16.8 10.4 83.2 83.6 16.8 16.4 West North Central 97.5 97.3 2.1 2.3 0.4 0.4 83.7 82.5 50.1 54.7 27.0 27.8 13.9 14.8 80. 1 85.2 13.9 14.8 Soul.h Atlantic 6li. 2 64.2 33.7 35.7 0. 1 0.1 63.8 62.2 60.2 58.5 3.6 3.7 2.4 2.0 97.5 97.9 2.5 2.1 East South Central 08.4 60.8 31.5 33. 1 (‘) (‘) 67.4 65.7 64.8 62.6 2.6 3.0 1.0 1.2 99.0 98.8 1.0 1.2 West South Central 76. 5 73.0 22.6 25.9 0.9 1.0 72.5 69.0 65.7 01.7 6.9 7.3 4.0 4.0 96. 0 95.9 4.0 4.1 Mountain 95.7 94.3 0.8 0.9 3.5 4.7 79. 1 77. 1 55.7 51. 1 23.4 26. 1 16.0 17.2 82.8 82.0 17.2 18.0 Pacific 90.0 94.9 0.7 0.6 3.3 4.5 75.4 75.4 50.3 48.2 25. 1 27. 1 20.5 19.6 77.2 77.5 22.8 22.5 New England : Maine 99.7 99.7 0.2 0.2 0. 1 0. 1 84.8 86.3 66.7 71.0 18.2 15.3 14.8 13.4 85. 1 86.6 14.9 13.4 New Hampshire 99.8 99.8 0. 1 0.2 (■) (') 77.4 78.4 53.5 58.9 23.9 19.5 22.4 21.4 77.5 78.6 22.5 21.4 Vermont 99.5 99.7 0.5 0.2 (') (‘) 85.5 86.7 64.4 65.6 21. 1 21.2 14.0 13.0 86.0 87.0 14.0 13.0 Massachusetts 98.8 98.7 1. 1 1. 1 0.1 0.1 67.5 68.8 32.8 36.8 34.8 32.0 31.2 29.9 08.5 69.8 31.5 30.2 Rhode Island 98. 1 97.8 1.8 2.1 0. 1 0. 1 05.3 66. 6 29.5 33.8 35.9 32.7 32.8 31.2 67. 0 68.6 33.0 31.4 Connecticut 98. G 98.2 1.4 1.7 0.1 0. 1 69. 1 72. 1 35.5 41.0 33.6 31. 1 29.5 26. 1 70.4 73.8 29.6 26.2 Middle Atlantic: New York 98.4 98.4 1.5 1.4 0. 1 0.2 08.4 72.5 35.4 39.2 33.0 33.2 29.9 26.0 69.8 73.9 30.2 26. 1 New Jersey 96. 4 90.2 3.5 3.7 0. 1 0. 1 70.5 73.4 39.8 43.8 30.7 29.5 25.9 22.8 74.0 77.1 26.0 22.9 Pennsylvania 97.4 97.5 2.5 2.5 0) 0. 1 78.7 81.9 55. 1 59.2 23.6 22.7 18.8 1.5.6 81.2 84.4 18.8 15.6 East North Central: Ohio 97.6 97.7 2.3 2.3 (‘) (■) 85. 1 86.6 63.6 63.8 21.5 22.9 12.5 11.0 87.4 89.0 12.6 11.0 Indiana 97.7 97.7 2.2 2.3 (■) (‘) 91.8 92. 1 78.9 77.6 13.0 14.5 5.9 5.6 94. 1 94.4 5.9 5.6 Illinois 98.0 98.2 1.9 1.8 (‘) 0) 76.7 78.2 40. 1 47.1 30.0 31.1 21.3 20.0 78.6 79.9 21.4 20. 1 Michigan 99. 1 99.1 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 77.9 76. 8 43.6 42.4 34.3 34.4 21.2 22.3 78.7 77.6 21.3 22.4 Wisconsin 99.4 99.5 0.1 0. 1 0.4 0.4 77.5 74.5 32.7 28.3 44.8 46.2 22.0 24.9 78.0 75. 1 22.0 24.9 West North Central: Minnesota 99.2 99.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 73.0 70.3 27.7 24.3 45.3 46.0 26.2 28.8 73.8 71. 1 26.2 28.9 Iowa 99.3 99.4 0.7 0.6 (‘) (‘) 87.0 85.7 58.6 56.5 28.4 29.2 12.3 13.7 87.7 86.3 12.3 13.7 Missouri 95.2 94.8 4.8 5.2 (‘) (‘) 88.2 87.8 72.5 71.0 15.J 16.9 • 7.0 6.9 93.0 93.0 7.0 7.0 North Dakota 98.8 97.7 0. 1 0. 1 1. 1 2.2 71.7 02.4 28.2 20.6 43.5 41.8 27. 1 35.3 72.9 64. 6 27. 1 35.4 South Dakota 90.0 94.8 0. 1 0. 1 3.3 5. 1 79.3 72.8 42. 1 33.9 37.2 38.9 17.2 22.0 82.7 78.0 17.3 22.0 Nebraska 99.0 99. 1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 84. 2 82.5 53.9 51.9 30.4 30.6 14.8 16.6 85.2 83.4 14.8 16.6 Kansas 90.7 96.3 3.2 3.5 0.2 0. 1 88.7 87.7 71.4 68.9 17.3 18.8 8.0 8.6 92.0 91.4 8.0 8.6 South Atlantic: Delaware 84.6 83.4 15.4 16.6 (‘) (■) 76.0 75.9 63.2 63.9 12.8 12.0 8.6’ 7.4 91.4 92.5 8.6 7.5 Maryland 82.0 80.2 17.9 19.8 (■) (') 74.0 72.3 ■ 59.2 57.2 14.8 15.1 8.0 7.8 91.9 92.1 8.1 7.9 District of Columbia 71.3 68.7 28.5 31.1 0.1 0.2 64.0 61.7 50.4 48.1 13.6 13.6 7.4 7.0 92.5 92.8 7.5 7.2 Virginia 67.4 64.3 32.6 35.6 (') (>) 66.1 63.3 64.3 61.5 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.0 98.7 99.0 1.3 1.0 West Virginia 94.7 95.5 5.3 4.5 (■) (>) 90.1 93.1 85.3 88.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 2.3 95.3 97.7 4.7 2.3 North Carolina 68.0 66.7 31.6 33.0 0.4 0.3 67.7 66.5 67.3 66.0 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 99.7 99.8 0.3 0.2 South Carolina 44.8 41.6 55.2 58.4 (■) (') 44.4 41.2 43.7 40.3 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 99.6 99.6 0.4 0.4 Georgia 54.9 53.3 45.1 46.7 (‘) (') 54.3 52.8 53.3 51.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.5 99.4 99.4 0.6 0.6 Florida 58.9 56.3 41.0 43.7 (*) 0.1 54.4 • 52.6 49.7 48.1 4.8 4.5 4.5 3.6 94.6 95.5 5.4 4.5 East Sooth Central: Kentucky ! . . . 88.6 86.7 11.4 13.3 (■) (■) 80.8 84.4 81.4 77.9 5.4 6.5 1.7 2.3 98.2 97.7 1.8 2.3 Teimessee 78.3 76.2 21.7 23.8 (■) (■) 77.5 75.4 75.7 73.3 1.8 2.0 0.8 0.9 99.1 99.1 0.9 0.9 Alabama 57.5 54.7 42.5 45.2 (■) (>) 56.6 54.0 55.1 52.3 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.8 99.1 99.2 0.9 0.8 Mississippi 43.7 41.3 56.2 58.5 0.1 0.2 43.2 40.8 42.1 39.6 1. 1 1.3 0.5 0.5 99.5 99.5 0.5 0.5 West South Central: Arkansas 71.8 72.0 28.1 28.0 (') (') 70.8 70.9 68.4 68.4 2.3 2.5 1.1 1.1 98.9 98.9 1.1 1.1 Louisiana 56.8 52.8 43.1 47.1 0.1 0.1 53.7 49.1 40.9 41.3 0.8 7.8 3.1 3.8 90.8 96.2 3.2 3.8 Oklahoma* 87.2 84.8 8.3 7.0 4.5 8.2 84.8 82.2 79.1 76.1 5.7 6.1 2.4 2.6 97.6 97.4 2.4 2.6 Texas 82.2 79.0 17.7 20.4 (‘) (*) 76.1 73.8 66.8 64.3 9.3 9.5 6.2 5.8 93.8 94.1 6.2 5.9 Mountain : Montana 9,5.9 93.0 0.5 O.G 3.6 0.4 71.5 67.4 43.1 38.2 28.4 29.2 24.4 25.6 74.8 72.4 25.2 27.6 Idaho 98.0 95. 5 0.2 0.2 1.8 4.3 85.0 82.0 62.5 55.5 23.1 26.4 12. 4 13.5 86.9 84.8 13.1 15.2 Wyoming 96.1 96.2 1.5 1.0 2.3 2.7 77.6 78.3 55.3 51.9 22.3 26.5 18.6 17.9 80.1 81.2 19.9 18.8 Colorado 98.0 98.0 1.4 1.0 0. 5 0.4 82.2 81.3 59.5 ,57. 7 22.7 23.6 15.9 10.8 83.8 83.1 16.2 16.9 New Mexico 93. 1 92.3 0.5 0.8 0.4 6.9 80.1 85.5 78. 1 76. 3 8.0 9.2 6.9 0.8 92.9 93.0 7.1 7.0 Arizona 83,9 75.0 1.0 1.5 15. 1 22.9 61.0 57.4 40.4 36.5 20.0 20.9 ?2.9 18.2 76.1 80.3 23.9 19.7 Utah 98.2 98.5 0.3 0.2 1.5 1.3 81.2 79.4 46.0 37.6 35.2 41.8 17.0 19.1 82.4 80.0 17.6 19.4 Nevada 90.7 83.6 0.0 0.3 8.7 10.1 68.7 03.4 43. 1 35. 7 25.6 27.7 22.0 20.3 75.9 76.2 24.1 23.8 Pacotc : Washington 97.1 95.8 0.5 0.5 2.3 3.7 76.0 70.1 51.3 61.2 24.7 24.9 21.1 19.7 77.6 78.5 22.4 21.5 Oregon 97.4 95. 4 0.2 0.3 2.4 4.3 82.1 82.4 02.0 01. 9 20.1 20. 6 15.3 13.0 83.2 84,1 16.8 16.9 California 9,5.0 94.5 0.9 0.7 4.0 4.8 1 73.3 73. 1 1 46. 5 43. 4 26.7 29.7 21.8 21.3 75.3 75.3 24.7 24.7 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. > Includes Indian Terrilory for 1900. 87 COLOR OR RA(^E, NATIVITY, AND PAREN'rAOl^]. Tho (lislribution by color or race, nativity, and parentage of the population of oacli division and state in 1910 and 1900 is shown by percentages in Table 14. Tlie figures for 1910 may be more readily grasped by means of the accompanying diagram and the four maps on pages 84 and 85. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE: 1910. N.Y. 77?77Z/. |i If V////)\ V///// V///// "///// wm^m V////y 3 /////^^ ^2 ////// IDAHO WYO. COLO. N. M£X. ARIZ. UTAH Y/^7?77A 7W1 ?77^ s V/Z/Z/a r 'ZZ'Z/- \ w/y/\ ¥//////. \yyyy>/yy/y/. y////// \AWy \/yyyy/ wyw\ TyT/TZ/ y/y///. y/ypT/, 77777// y/M tlAli NATIVE WHITE -NATIVE PARENTAGE FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE white - FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER Table 15, derived from Table 14, presents percent- ages for 1910 for each division and for each of the three great geographic sections, the North, the South, and the West. Table I Ji I’KIl CKNT OK TOTAL I'Ol’ULATION: 1910 SECTION AND DIVISION. White. Negro. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. Native white. For- elgn- bom white. Native parent- age. l''orcign or mixed parent- age. United States 88.9 10.7 0.4 63.8 20.5 14.5 The North 98.0 1.8 0.2 49.1 28.6 20.3 New England 98.9 1.0 0.1 39.9 31.3 27.7 Middle Atlantic 97.7 2.2 0.1 43.8 28.9 25.0 East North Central 98.2 1.6 0.1 .53.4 28.0 16.8 West North Central 97.5 2.1 0.4 56.1 27.6 13.9 The South C9.9 29.8 0.3 63.2 4.3 2.5 South Atlantic 66.2 33.7 0.1 60.2 3.6 2.4 East South Central 68.4 31.5 0) 64.8 2.6 1.0 West South Central 76.5 22.6 0.9 65.7 6.9 4.0 The West 95.9 0.7 3.4 52.4 24.5 19.0 Mountain 95.7 0.8 3.5 55.7 23.4 16.6 , Pacific 96.0 0.7 3.3 50.3 25.1 20.5 * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In 1910 whites constituted 98 per cent of the total population in the North, 95.9 per cent in the West, and 69.9 per cent in the South. The nonwhite popu- lation in the North and in the South consists chiefly of negroes, but in the West it consists chiefly of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese. Among the nine geographic divisions the proportion of whites in 1910 was highest in New England (98.9 per cent) and lowest in the South Atlantic division (66.2 per cent); among the individual states it was highest in New Hampshii'e (99.8 per cent) and lowest in Mississippi and South Carolina, the only states where whites constituted less than one-half of the population. Native whites of native parentage constituted in 1910 approximately one-half of the total population of the North (49.1 per cent) and of the West (52.4 percent), but in the South they constituted a little over five- eighths (63.2 per cent) of the total. Native whites of foreign or mixed parentage formed 28.6 per cent of the total population in the North, 24.5 per cent m the West, and only 4.3 per cent in the South. Foreign- born whites constituted a much larger proportion in the North (20.3 per cent) and in the West (19 per cent) than in the South (2.5 per cent). Considering the nine geographic divisions, the pro- portion of native whites of native parentage in the total population was highest in the West South Central division (65.7 per cent), but was approximately the same in the East South Central (64.8 per cent); it was lowest in New England (39.9 per cent). On the other hand, the proportion of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was highest in New England (31.3 per cent) and lowest in the East South Central division (2.6 per cent). These same two divisions, likewise, ranked highest and lowest, respectively, in the proportion of foreign-born whites (27.7 per cent and 1 per cent of their total population, respectively). Table 14 also shows the composition of the popula- tion of each division and state in 1910 in comparison 88 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. with tliat in 1900. For the nine geographic divisions the changes which have taken place are shown in the accojnpanying diagram. COLOR OR RAGE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE: 1910 AND 1900. PER CENT 0 10 20 30 40 60 €0 70 80 00 100 1010 UNITED STATES 1800 1010 NEW ENGLAND 1000 1910 MID. ATLANTIC 1000 1010 E. NO. CENTRAL 1000 1010 W. NO. CENTRAL 1000 1010 SO. ATLANTIC 1000 1010 E. SO. CENTRAL tooo 1010 W. SO. CENTRAL 1000 1910 MOUNTAIN 1000 1010 PACIFIC 1000 native white -native parentage foreign-born white HI m m Eza m HI Wi vX-Ii A/'-- 7^ M Tm iM ‘ f y/yjy. r.f;j . ■ iM — J W ■ '.'C ' d:- ~i rrl ' m .■Yx, ' '■y ■ “ ^ 1 Mill ; - ■( . ; • ■ ■ ■. . > ■ > 1 ■ > J ll-MIIMaMSSi Ij , — ■ - : Hi ''///, : 777 TT77 m S- ■ 3 n n HI Hi ■/TTr* mi Ml 1 ! rn n .•V ( ’a: "777 77^ NATIVE WHITE -foreign OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER Comparing the percentages for 1910 with those for 1900, as shown in Table 14, it appears that whites formed a larger proportion of the total population in 1910 than in 1900 in each geographic division except the Middle Atlantic and the East North Central, in both of which the change in the other direction was insignificant. In every Southern state except West Virginia and Arkansas the proportion of whites was appreciably higher in 1910 than in 1900. Of the total population of the United States, 53.8 per cent were native whites of native parentage in 1910 and 53.9 per cent in 1900. But while the per- centage remained practically unchanged for the coun- try as a whole, it decreased in every New England and Middle Atlantic state and also in Ohio, Illinois, Delaware, and West Virginia. On the other hand, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage constituted a greater proportion of the population in 1910 than in 1900 in most of the states of the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, while the proportion declined or remained unchanged in every state outside of these two divisions except North Dakota, Delaware, and Florida. The foreign-born whites formed a larger proportion of the population in 1910 than in 1900 in tlie New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific divisions, but a smaller proportion in the West North Central, East South Central, and Mountain divisions. The slight changes in the small percentages of foreign-born whites in the southern divisions, how- ever, are not especially significant. The increase in the proportion of foreign-born whites was most marked in the Middle Atlantic division (from 21.4 per cent in 1900 to 25 per cent in 1910). The proportion was, however, even somewhat higher in New Eng- land, although the change between 1900 and 1910 (from 25.7 to 27.7 per cent) was less. The increase in the proportion of foreign-born whites was greatest in Arizona (from 18.2 per cent in 1900 to 22.9 in 1910), New York (from 26 per cent to 29.9 per cent), Connecticut (from 26.1 to 29.5), Pennsylvania (from 15.6 to 18.8), and New Jersey (from 22.8 to 25.9). In Table 14 are given also the percentages native and foreign born in the aggregate population. As already stated, practically all negroes and Indians are native, while most of the Chinese and Japanese are foreign born. Except, however, in the South and in some Western states the colored elements in the popu- lation are not of sufficient importance to make the percentages for the total native and total foreign-born population differ materially from the percentages for the native white and foreign-born white. These differ- ences are easily interpreted if the geographic distribu- tion of the colored elements is kept m mind. Broadly speaking, the percentage of foreign born has increased in the East and the far West but declined or remained practically stationary in the central and southern portions of the United States. White population by nativity and parentage. — Table 16 shows for each division and state in 1910 and 1900 the percentage of the total white population repre- sented by each nativity or parentage group. Natm’aUy in those sections of the country where the population is almost all white the difference between the percentage which any class of the white popula- tion forms of the total population and the percentage which it forms of the white population is inappreciable. Ill the South, however, the difference is very marked. In the South Atlantic division the native whites of native parentage in 1910 constituted 60.2 per cent of the total population, but 91 per cent of the white popu- lation. In the East South Central division the per- centages were 64.8 and 94.8, respectively; in the West Soutli Central, 65.7 and 85.8. Of the white population of North Carolina in 1910, 99 per cent were natives of native parentage, the corresponding percentage in 89 COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. South (\iroIina beiiif' 97.5; in Goorania, 95.8; in Virginia, 95.4; and in Arkansas, 95.3. Table IG PER CENT OF TOTAL WHITE POPULATION. N ati ve. DIVISION AND STATE. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign born. 1910 1900 1910 1!MM) 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 83.7 84.7 60.5 61.3 23.1 23.4 16.3 15.3 Geographic nrvisiONS: New England 72.0 74.0 40.3 4i4 31.7 28.6 28.0 26.0 Middle Atlantic 74.4 78.1 44.8 49.0 29.6 29.1 25.6 21.9 East North Central 82.9 83.3 54.4 54.0 28.5 29.3 17.1 16.7 West North Central 85.8 84.8 57.5 56.2 28.3 28.6 14.2 15.2 South Atlantic 96.4 96.9 91.0 91.1 5.4 5.8 3.6 3.1 East South Central 98.5 98.2 94.8 93.7 3.7 4.5 1.5 1.8 West South Central 94.8 94.5 85.8 84.4 9.0 10.0 5.2 5.5 Mountain 82.7 81.7 58.2 54.1 24.5 27.6 17.3 18.3 Pacific 78.6 79.4 52.4 50.8 26.2 28.6 21.4 20.6 New England: Maine 85.1 86.6 66.9 71.2 18.2 15.3 14.9 13.4 New Hampshire 77. 5 78.6 53.6 59.1 24.0 19.5 22.5 21.4 Vermont 85.9 87.0 64.7 65.8 21.2 21.2 14.1 13.0 Massachusetts 68.4 69.7 33.2 37.3 35.2 32.4 31.6 30.3 Rhode Island 66.6 68.1 30.0 34.0 36.6 33.5 33.4 31.9 Connecticut 70.1 73.4 36.0 41.8 34.1 31.6 29.9 26.6 Middle Atlantic; New York , 69.6 73.6 36.0 39.8 33.5 33.8 30.4 26.4 New Jersey 73.1 76.3 41.3 45.0 31.8 30.7 26.9 23.7 Pennsylvania 80.7 84.0 5 60.7 24.2 23.3 19.3 16.0 East North Central: Ohio 87.2 88.7 65.2 65.3 22.0 23.4 12.8 11.3 Indiana 94.0 94.2 80.7 79.4 13.3 14.8 6.0 5.8 Illinois 78.2 79.6 47.1 48.0 31.2 31.6 21.8 20.4 Michigan 78.6 77.5 44.0 42.8 34.6 34.7 21.4 22.5 Wisconsin 77.9 74.9 32.9 28.5 45.0 46.5 22.1 25.1 West North Central: Minnesota 73.6 70.9 27.9 24.5 45.7 46.4 26.4 29.1 Iowa 87.6 86.2 59.0 56.8 28.6 29.4 12.4 13.8 Missouri 92.7 92.7 76.2 74.9 16. 5 17.8 7.3 7.3 North Dakota 72.6 63.9 28.5 21.1 44.1 42.8 27.4 36.1 South Dakota 82.2 76.8 43.6 35.8 38.6 41.0 17.8 23.2 Nebraska 85.1 83.2 54.4 52.4 30.7 30.8 14.9 16.8 Kansas 91.7 91.1 73.9 71.6 17.9 19.5 8.3 8.9 South Atlantic: Delaware 89.8 91.1 74.7 76.7 15.1 14.4 10.2 8.9 Maryland 90.2 90.2 72.1 71.4 18.1 18.8 9.8 9.8 District of Columbia 89.7 89.8 70.6 70.0 19.1 19.8 10.3 10.2 Virginia 98.1 98.4 95.4 95.7 2.7 2.7 1.9 1.6 West Virginia 95.1 97.6 90.1 92.2 5.0 5.3 4.9 2.4 North Carolina 99.6 99.7 99.0 99.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 South Carolina 99.1 99.0 97.5 96.9 1.6 2.1 0.9 1.0 Georgia 98.9 99.0 97.2 96.9 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.0 Florida 92.4 93.5 84.3 85.4 8.1 8.1 7.6 6.5 East South Central: Kentucky 98.0 97.3 91.9 89.9 6.1 7.5 2.0 2.7 Tennessee 98.9 98.9 96.7 96.2 2.2 2.7 1.1 1.1 Alabama 98.5 98.6 95.8 95.6 2.6 3.0 1. 5 1.4 Mississippi 98.8 98.8 96.3 95.8 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.2 West South Central: Arkansas 98.5 98.5 95.3 95.0 3.2 .3.5 1.5 1.5 Louisiana 94.5 92.9 82.5 78.1 12.0 14.8 5.5 7.1 Oklahoma 1 97.2 97.0 90.7 89.8 6.5 7.2 2.8 3.0 Texas 92.5 92.7 81.2 80.8 11.3 11.9 7.5 7.3 Mountain: Montana 74.6 72.4 45.0 41.1 29.6 31.4 25.4 27.6 Idaho 87.3 85.8 63.8 58.2 23.6 27.7 12.7 14.2 Wyoming 80.7 81.4 57.5 53.9 23.2 27.5 19.3 18.6 Colorado 8.3.8 82.9 60.6 58.8 23.2 24.1 16.2 17.1 New Mexico 92.6 92.6 83.9 82.7 8.6 9.9 7.4 7.4 Arizona 72.7 75.9 48.1 48.3 24.6 27.6 27.3 24.1 Utah 82.7 80.6 46.8 38.2 35.9 42.4 17.3 19.4 Nevada 75.8 75.8 47.6 42.7 28.2 33.1 24.2 24.2 Pacific: Washington 78.3 79.4 52.8 53.4 25.5 26,0 21.7 20.6 Oregon 84,3 86.3 63.6 64.9 20.6 21.4 15.7 13.7 California 77.1 77.4 49.0 45.9 28.1 31.5 22.9 22.6 > Includes Indian Territory for 1900. In both the New England and the Middle Atlantic divisions the native whites of native parentage con- stituted less than half the whole number of white persons in 1910. In Mmnesota only 27.9 per cent, or hardly more than one-fourth, of the total white popu- lation were natives of native parentage. The percent- age was almost as low in North Dakota, where it was 28.5; in Wisconsin it was 32.9. Other low percentages were found in the East. In Rhode Island 30 per cent of the white population were natives of native parent- age; in Massachusetts, 33.2 per cent; in Connecticut, and also in New York, 36 per cent. These are all the states in which less than two-fifths of the white popula- tion were natives of native parentage. There are also nine other states where the native whites of native par- entage formed less than half the white population. In several states the native whites of native parentage were exceeded in number by those of foreign or mixed parentage. This was the case in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Mmnesota, and North Dakota. Increase by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — The absolute and relative increase during the decade 1900-1910 is shown by divisions and states for the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage ele- ments in Table 17. The statistics in this table are particularly useful in that they show the relative increase of the several elements within a single division or state. Differ- ences among divisions or states with reference to the rate of increase for any given class may result merely from the general differences in the rate at which the population as a whole is increasing. In considering these statistics it should be borne in mind that the increase in any given class by no means represents exactly the natural growth by excess of births over deaths. Aside from the factors which have already been mentioned as contributing to the growth of the several elements, particularly the white elements, in the country as a whole (see page 78), the growth in individual states and divisions is largely affected by interstate and inter-divisional migration. Between 1900 and 1910 the white population increased more rapidly than the negro in each of the three southern divisions, where negroes are most numerous, and also in the New England, West North Central, and Mountain divisions. In the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and Pacific divisions, however, the negroes increased the more rapidly, but in the Pacific division there are still very few negroes. In the South as a whole the white population increased from 16,521,970 to 20,547,420, or 24.4 per cent, while the negroes increased from 7,922,969 to 8,749,427, or 10.4 per cent. Migration of whites to the South and of negroes to the North accounts in part for this dif- ference. Many of the individual states in the north- ern and western divisions present conditions as to the relative growth of the white and negro population dif- fering from those shown by the divisions in which the states are located. In the South, however, the only states where the negroes increased faster than the whites were Arkansas, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. 90 ABSTRACT OT THE CENSUS— POPULATION. INCREASE BY COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1900-1910. [ I’er cent not shown whore base is less tlian 100. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tablt) 17 DIVISION AND STATE. TOTAL. WHITE. NEGRO. INDIAN, CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND ALL OTHER. NATIVE WIUTE. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed par. Number. Per cent. Nmnber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States 15,977,691 21.0 14,922,761 22.3 993,769 11.2 61,161 17.4 11,791,033 20.8 8,539,213 20.9 3,251,820 20.8 3,131,728 30.7 GEoanAriiic mvi.sioN.s: New England 900,664 17.2 953,488 17.3 7,207 12.2 -31 -0.5 575,974 14.1 102,309 4.1 473,665 30.0 377,514 26.3 Midiile Atlantic 3,861,214 25.0 3,769,590 24.9 91,949 28.2 -325 -1.8 2,245,527 19.0 1,056,382 14.3 1,189,145 27.0 1,524,063 46.2 East North Central 2,205,040 14.2 2,217,509 14.1 42,994 16.7 4,477 25.3 1,770,646 13.5 1,263,952 14.9 506,694 11.0 446,923 17.1 West North Central 1,290,498 12.5 1,285,804 12.8 4,753 2.0 -59 -0.1 1,203,678 14.1 862,784 15.2 340,894 11.9 82, 126 5.4 South Atlantic 1,751,415 16.8 1,365,545 20.4 .383,471 10.3 2,399 28.5 1,283,873 19.8 1,233,891 20.2 49,982 12.8 81,672 39.1 East South Central 862, 144 11.4 709,479 14.1 152, 627 6.1 38 1.3 712,304 14.4 726,718 15.4 -14,414 -6.3 -2,825 -3.2 West South Central 2,252,244 34.5 1,950,426 40.9 290,360 17.1 11,458 17.1 1,865,677 41.4 1,738,505 43.2 127,172 26.6 84,749 32.1 Mountain 958,860 57.3 940,600 59.5 5,877 37.7 12,383 15.6 792,051 61.3 611,523 71.5 180,528 41.4 148,549 51.5 Pacific 1,775,012 73.5 1,730,260 75.4 14,531 99.1 30,821 28.4 1,. 341, 303 73.7 943, 149 80.9 398, 154 60.7 388,957 82.3 New England; Maine 47,905 6.9 47,769 6.9 44 3.3 92 10.0 30,571 5.1 1,825 0.4 28, 746 27.1 17,198 18.5 New Hampshire 18,984 4.6 19,115 4.7 -98 -14.8 -33 -24.4 10,518 3.3 -12,383 -5.1 22,901 28.5 8,597 9.8 r2,315 3. 6 11,527 3.4 795 96.2 -7 6,360 2.1 4,001 1.8 2,359 3.2 5,167 11.6 Massachusetts 501,070 20.0 555,162 20.0 6,081 19.0 -173 -4.8 344,226 17.8 71,165 6.9 273,061 30.4 210,936 25.1 Rhode Island 114,054 26.6 113,442 27.1 437 4.8 175 42.3 69,189 24.3 14,835 10.2 54,354 38.7 44,253 33.1 Coimecticut 206,336 22.7 206,473 23.1 -52 -0.3 -85 -11.0 115,110 17.6 22,866 6.1 92,244 32.7 91,363 38.5 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,844,720 25.4 1,809,964 25.3 34,959 35.2 -203 -1.6 970,215 18.4 378,812 13.3 591,403 24.5 839,749 44.4 New Jei'sey 653, 498 34.7 633,577 35.0 19,916 28.5 5 0.3 405,439 29.3 183,936 22.3 221,503 39.8 228, 138 53.0 Pennsylvania 1,362,996 21.6 1,326,049 21.6 37,074 23.6 -127 -3.5 869,873 16.9 493,634 13.2 376,239 26.3 456, 176 46.4 East North Centr.al: Ohio 609,576 14.7 594,693 14.6 14,551 15.0 332 75.5 455,348 12.6 381,-819 14.4 73,529 7.7 139,345 30.4 Indiana 184,414 7.3 181,459 7.4 2,815 4.9 140 30.8 163,998 7.1 177,894 9.1 -13,896 -3.8 17,461 12.3 Illinois 817,041 16.9 792,089 16.7 23,971 28.2 981 61.4 554,164 14.7 328,790 14.5 225,374 15.0 237,925 24.7 Michigan 389,191 16.1 386,684 16.1 1,299 8.2 1,208 18.3 331,356 17.8 198,127 19.2 133,229 16.0 55,328 10.2 Wisconsin 264,818 12.8 262,644 12.8 358 14.1 1,816 21.1 265,780 17.2 177,322 30.3 88,458 9.2 -3,136 -0.6 West North Central; Minnesota 324,314 18.5 322,191 18.5 2,125 42.9 -2 (') 284,116 23.1 149,301 35.1 134,815 16.7 38,075 7.5 Iowa -7,082 -0.3 -9,476 -0.4 2,280 18.0 114 23.1 22,822 1.2 42,458 3.4 -19,636 -3.0 -32,298 -10.6 Missouri 180,670 6.0 190,089 6.5 -3,782 -2.3 363 61.7 176,968 6.5 182,961 8.3 -5,993 -1.1 13,121 6.1 North Dakota 257,910 80.8 258,143 82.8 331 115.7 —56^ -7.9 214,575 107.8 96,650 146.9 117,925 88.5 43,568 38.7 South Dakota 182,318 45.4 183,057 48.1 352 75.7 -1,091 -5.4 170, 758 58.4 109,461 80.4 61,297 39.2 12,299 13.9 Nebraska 125,914 11.8 123,767 11.7 1,420 22.7 727 20.7 125,019 14.2 88,551 16.0 36,468 11.2 -1,252 -0.7 Kansas 220,454 15.0 218,033 15.4 2,027 3.9 394 18.1 209,420 16.2 193,402 19.1 16,018 5.8 8,613 6.8 South Atlantic; 17,587 9. 5 1 17, 125 n. 1 484 1.6 -22 13,434 9,6 9,780 8.3 3,654 16.4 3,691 26.9 Maryland 107,302 9.0 110,215 11.6 -2,814 -1.2 -99 -17.8 99, 185 11.5 86,578 12.7 12,607 7.0 11,030 11.8 District of Columbia 52,351 18.8 44,596 23.3 7,744 8.9 11 2.3 39,765 23. 1 32,638 24.3 7, 127 18.8 4,831 24.7 Virginia 207,428 11.2 196,954 16.5 10,374 16 100 16.5 189,394 16. 1 184,025 16. 1 5,369 16.5 7,560 39.6 262,319 27. 4 241,584 26.4 20 , 674 47.5 61 206,891 23.2 198, 126 23.5 8,765 17.9 34, 693 155.0 North Carolina 312,477 16.5 236,908 18.7 73,374 11.7 2, 195 38.3 235,360 18.7 234.907 18.8 453 5.4 1,548 35.2 South Carolina 175,084 13.1 121,354 21.8 53, 522 6.8 208 110.6 120,671 218 121,204 22.4 -533 -4.6 683 12.7 Georgia 392, 790 17.7 250,508 212 142, 174 13.7 108 48.2 247, 457 212 246, 698 216 759 3.0 3,051 25.4 Florida 224,077 42.4 140,301 49.2 77,939 33.8 -163 -34.0 131,716 47.4 119,935 47.2 11,781 49.0 14,585 75.7 East South Central: Kentucky 142,731 0.6 165, 642 8.9 -23,050 -8.1 139 87.4 175,722 9.7 189,781 11.3 -14,059 -10.1 -10,080 -20.1 Tennessee 164, 173 8. 1 171,246 11. 1 -7, 155 -15 82 43.9 170,373 11.2 172, 970 11.7 -2,597 -6.3 873 5.0 Alabama 309,390 16.9 227, 680 22.7 80,975 9.8 741 311.3 223,062 22.6 220,801 23. 1 2,261 7.5 4,618 32.2 Mississippi 245,844 1,5.8 144,911 22.6 101,857 112 -924 -37.9 143, 147 22.6 143, 166 23.3 -19 -0. 1 1,764 23.1 West South Central: Arkansas 262, 885 20.0 186, 446 19.7 76,035 20.7 404 315. 6 183, 723 19.7 179,841 20.0 3,882 119 2,723 19.2 Louisiana 274,703 19.9 211,474 29.0 63,070 9.7 219 18. 1 211,545 31.2 206, 625 36.3 4,920 4.6 -71 -0. 1 Oklahoma’ 866,704 109.7 774,327 115.5 81,928 147. 1 10,509 16.3 754,633 116. 1 708,851 117.8 45,782 94.9 19,694 96.6 Texas 847,832 27.8 778, 179 32. 1 09,327 11.2 326 24.7 715,776 318 643, 188 32.8 72,588 25. 1 62,403 35. 1 Mountain: Montana 132, 724 54.5 1,34,297 59. 3 311 20.4 -1,884 -12. 1 105,026 64. 1 69, 190 74.4 35, 836 50.5 29,271 46.9 Idaho 103,822 101. 3 104,726 100.6 358 122. 2 -1,202 -18. 1 146, 189 110.2 11,3,748 126.6 32,441 75.9 18,537 84.7 Wj'oming .53, 434 57.7 51,267 57.0 1,295 137.8 872 34.3 40,731 56.2 32,714 68.2 8,017 32.7 10,530 63.5 Colorado 259, 324 18.0 254,309 48. 1 2,883 33. 0 2,072 99.4 217,993 49.7 163,801 52.6 54, 192 42.6 36,376 40.2 New Mexico 131,991 67. 6 124, 387 09.0 18 1. I 7,586 56. 2 1 14, 994 68.9 106, 580 71.5 8,414 47.0 9,393 70.8 Arizona 81,423 60. 2 78, 565 84. 6 101 8.7 2,697 9. 6 54, 136 76.8 37,638 84.0 10,498 64.2 24, 429 109. 1 iJtah 90, 002 34. 9 94,118 34.5 472 70.2 2,012 55.7 83, 529 38.0 67, 637 65.0 15,892 13.7 10, 589 20. 1 Nevada 39,540 93.4 38,871 109. 8 379 282. 8 290 4.3 29, 453 109. 8 20,215 133.8 9,238 78.9 9,418 109.8 Pacific: Washington 623, 887 120. 4 012, 807 123.5 3, 544 141.0 7,536 39. 1 473,735 120. 2 320,318 120.8 153,417 118.8 139,072 136.2 Oregon 259, 229 02.7 200, 508 60.0 387 35.0 -1,666 -9.3 211,368 62.0 160, 726 62.8 50,642 59.9 49, 140 91.2 California 892, 490 60, 1 856,945 61. 1 10,600 96.0 24,951 35.0 650, 200 60. 4 462, 10 5 71.7 194,095 43.9 200.745 63. 1 • Decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 per cent , • Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 91 COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE.. Tho white j)opulHtion iiicreasod during the deciulo 1900-1910 in every state except Iowa, and there wore only six states — Kentucky, Indiana, Maine, Missouri, New Ilainpsliiro, and Vermont — in which tlio increase was less than 10 per cent. Tho negro population decreased in Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, as well as in two New England states. Ajnong the Southern states with a considerable negro popu- lation the highest relative increase was in Oklahoma, 147.1 per cent, as compared with 1 15.5 per cent for the wliites. West Virginia, Florida, and Ai kansas showed high percentages of increase for the negroes, wlule Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, North Carolina, and Georgia, all with a large negro population, showed percentages of increase ranging from 9.7 to 13.7, or about the same as that for the country as a whole. During the decade 1900-1910*the foreign-born white population increased by a greater percentage than the native white in the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and Pacific divisions. The opposite was the case in the four other divisions; an actual decrease of foreign-born whites occurred in the East South Central division. In the Middle Atlantic division the foreign-born whites increased 46.2 per cent, as compared with 19 per cent for the native whites. Of the total increase in the foreign-born whites in »the country as a whole (3,131,728), nearly one-half (1,524,063) was in the Middle Atlantic division and most of the remainder in the East North Central, Pacific, and New England divisions. The recent immigration has been very unequally distributed over the country. In all but two of the divisions the percentage of increase in the native whites of native parentage was materially higher than that in the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage; in the East South Central division, in fact, the latter decreased. In New Eng- land, however, the native whites of native parentage increased only 4.1 per cent, while those of foreign or mixed parentage increased 30 per cent, and in the Middle Atlantic division the corresponding percentages of increase were 14.3 and 27, respectively. In New Hampshire there was an actual decrease in the native whites of native parentage, and in Vermont and Maine the increase was very slight. Very few individual states present exceptions to the conditions in the geographic divisions in which they are located with respect to the relative rates of increase of native and foreign-born whites, or the relative rates of increase of native whites of native parentage and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. New Hampshire is the only state which contamed fewer native whites of native parentage in 1910 than m 1900, but in Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, South Carolma, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi a decrease oc- curred in the native whites of foreign or mixed parent- age, and in Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, Kentucky, and Louisiana the foreign-born whites decreased. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. Table 18 classifies tho princijial color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in 1910 as urban or rural for each gcograjihic division, and further distributes the urban ])opulation by cla,sscs of cities. The accompanying diagram shows, by geogra])hic divisions, the relative importance of the several classes of population in urban and rural communities, respectively. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: 1910. UNITED STATES NEW ENGLAND MID. ATLANTIC E. NO. CENTRAL W. NO. CENTRAL SO. ATLANTIC E. SO. CENTRAL W. SO. CENTRAL MOUNTAIN PACIFIC PER CENT URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN RURAL 0 10 20 60 40 60 60 70 00 GO 100 m I. mmm: 'm m yyym j I 1 □ Wa y/y 1 1 1 m ’m w, 'in yyy mm m y////. d 'yyy 'Ml yyy yy ii. .V ; ' ’ - Mil yyyy m 1- 1 -J 1 1 1 1 -I 4 1 '/////] w yyz id 'y/yy ' J / . 7 A' A 7'/^ za yyA y - 121 d yy^' ~~Z': yyy rz rz n y//// 7^ 1 1 1 1 "T 1 1 _l 1 ■ 1 1 Y///A yyy LZZj NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAGE zza FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE -FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER There is in the country as a whole and in most indi- vidual states a marked difference between the compo- sition of the urban population and that of the rural. Of the aggregate urban population — that is, the popu- lation of incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that size — of the United States in 1910, 41.9 per cent were native whites of native parentage, 29 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 22.6 per cent foreign-born whites, and 6.3 percent negroes. In the rural popula- tion, on the other hand, 64.1 per cent were native whites of native parentage, only 13.3 per cent were native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and 7.5 per cent were foreign-born whites, while negroes constituted 14.5 per cent. Thus the foreign-born whites and their chil- dren constituted fully one-half (51.6 per cent) of the urban population and only about one-fifth of the rural. 92 ABSTHA('T OF THh] OENSIIS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND I’ARENTAGE IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY' DIVISIONS: 1910. |Thc term cities as here used includes incorporated towns, villages, and boroughs and also New England towns.] Ya l>l« 1 8 PER CENT OF TOTAL PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY CLASS OF POPUI.ATION. COMMUNITY. Native. Indian, Chi- White. White. DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. Total popula- Negro. ncse, .Tapa- Native. Total Native. tion. Foreign l)om. nese, and all other. Ne- gro. pop- ula- tion. Ne- gro. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. a3 0 For- eign bom. 0 0 bO > CO 0 p .“X-g For- eign bom. *1 ^ 1 cx (x> p. H ^ p, UNITED STATES. 91,972,266 68,386,412 49,488,575 18, 897, 837 13,345,545 9, 827, 763 412, 546 53.8 20.5 14.5 10.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 49,348,883 42, 623,. 383 38, 189,868 30,196, 544 31,638,931 17,849,()44 (>,.550,937 12,346,900 3,710, 176 9,635,369 7,138,534 2,689,229 310,305 102,241 (>4. 1 13.3 7.5 14.5 53.7 46.3 63.9 36.1 34.7 27.8 72.6 27.4 Urban communities 41.9 29.0 22.6 . 6.3 44.2 65.3 72.2 ('ities of 2,500 to 10,000. . 8,470,359 6,620,540 4,872,584 1,747,950 1,177,661 655,266 16,892 57.5 20.6 13.9 7.7 9.2 9.7 9.8 9.2 8.8 6.7 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. 5,609,208 4,207,860 2,827,915 1,379,945 978,718 408,362 14,268 50.4 24.6 17.4 7.3 6.1 6.2 5.7 7.3 7.3 4.2 Cities of 2.5,(100 to 100,000. 8,241,(i78 5,963, 109 3,779,057 2, 184,052 1,663,814 602, 04(1 12,715 45. 9 26.5 20.2 7.3 9.0 8.7 7.6 11.6 12.5 6.1 Cities of KH),000 to 500,000. 8,790,297 6, 173,049 3,422,040 2,751,009 1,944,068 626,946 46,2.34 38.9 31.3 22.1 7.1 9.6 9.0 6.9 14.6 14.6 6.4 Cities of 500,000 and over . 11,511,841 7,231,9.86 2,948,048 4,283,938 3,871,108 396,615 12, 132 25.6 37.2 3^6 3.4 12.5 10.6 6.0 22.7 29.0 4,0 New England 6,552,681 1,097,336 4, 666, 128 952,751 3,713,377 964, 173 2,613,419 2, 052, 709 1,814,386 137,796 1,676,590 300,017 66,306 5,429 60,877 8,922 5,861 1,360 4,501 709 39.9 31.3 27.7 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ' 765', 935 1,847,484 'l86i816 1,865,893 362,764 69.8 17.0 12.6 0.5 16. 7 ' 20. 4 29.3 9.1 7.6 8.2 Urban communities 5,455,345 1,273,821 33.9 34.2 30.7 1. 1 83.3, 79.6 70.7 90.9 92.4 91.8 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . '60U409 47.2 28.5 23.6 0.7 19.4 20.7 23.0 17.7 16.5 13.5 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. 936,553 671,760 360,215 311,545 258,382 5,969 442 38.5 33.3 27.6 0.6 14.3] 14.4 13.8 15.2 14.2 9.0 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000. 1,637,987 1,076,311 499,545 576, 766 .544,771 15,777 1,128 30.5 35.2 33.3 1.0 25.0 23.1 19.1 28.1 30.0 23.8 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 936,399 586, 159 228,445 357,714 332,698 16,645 897 24.4 38.2 35.5 1.8 14.3 12.6 8.7 17.4 18.3 25.1 Cities of 500,000 and over . 670,585 414,974 157,870 257, 104 240,722 13,564 1,325 23.5 38.3 35.9 2.0 10.2 8.9 6.0 12.5 13.3 20.5 Middle Atlantic 19,315, 892 14, 054, 273 4,729,829 9,324,444 1,315,678 8,462,961 3,744,498 4,718, 463 890,992 5,591,312 985,331 4,605,981 424, 686 4, 826,179 776,702 417,870 78, 624 17,570 7,364 10,206 632 43.8 28.9 25.0 2.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5^, 592,519 13,723,373 1,662,907 17.6 13.9 1.4 29.0 33.7 44.2 17.6 16.1 18.8 4,049, 477 339,246 28, 783 34. 4 33.6 29.5 2.5 71.0 66.3 55.8 82.4 83.9 81.2 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . 317,814 53.6 25.5 19.1 1.7 8.6 9.4 10.5 7.6 6.6 6.9 Cities of 10,000 to 2^000. 1,349,807 1,021,760 649,718 372,042 294, 400 33, 162 485 48.1 27.6 21.8 2.5 7.0 7.3 7.7 6.7 6.1 7.9 aties of 25,000 to 100,000. 2,110,782 1,565,483 962, 505 602,978 491,301 53, 150 842 45. 6 28.6 23.3 2.5 10.9 11.1 11.4 10.8 10.2 12.7 Cities of 100,(K)0 to 500,000 1,750,081 1,231,699 533,833 697,866 495, 245 22,354 783 30.5 39.9 28.3 1.3 9.1 8.8 6.3 12.5 10.3 . 5.3 Cities of 500,000 and over . 6,849,796 4,189,824 1,681,415 2,508,409 2,450,717 201, 791 7,464 24.5 36.6 35.8 2.9 35.5 29.8 19.9 44.9 50.8 48.3 East North Central. . . 18,250,621 14,860,402 9,751,968 5,108,434 3,067,220 300,836 22,163 53.4 28.0 16.8 1.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rural communities 8,633,350 9,617,271 1,905,353 7,668,041 7,192,361 1,608,792 5,737,299 4,014,669 1,143,785 1,930,742 877,929 2, 189,291 257,922 70,294 230,542 37,859 17,086 5,077 780 66.5 22.4 10.2 0.8 47.3 51.6 58.8 37.8 28.6 23.4 3 ; 177 ; 692 465,007 41.7 33.0 22.8 2.4 52.7 48. 4 41.2 62.2 71.4 76.6 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . 60.0 24.4 13.5 2.0 10.4 10.8 11.7 9.1 8.4 12.6 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. 1,396, 143 1,120,829 716, 479 404,350 244,097 30,471 746 51.3 29.0 17.5 2.2 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.9 8.0 10.1 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000. 1,553,809 1,236,466 772, 422 464,044 275,268 41,362 713 49.7 29.9 17.7 2.7 8.5 8.3 7.9 9.1 9.0 13.7 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 2,016,020 1,512,212 804,530 707,682 435,084 68,299 425 39.9 3 . 5.1 21.6 3.4 11.0 10.2 8.3 13.9 14.2 22.7 Cities of 500,000 and over. 2,745,946 1,714,062 577, 453 1,136,009 970,920 52,551 2,413 21.0 41.4 35.6 1.9 15.0 11.5 5.9 22.2 31.9 17.5 West North Central . . 11,637,921 9,738,390 6,623,687 3,214,703 1,613,231 242, 662 43,638 56.1 27.6 13.9 2.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,764.205 3,873,716 6,663,994 3,074,396 4,539,360 1.984,327 2,124,634 1,090,069 981,535 631,696 78, 361 164,301 40,315 3,323 58.5 51.2 27. 4 12.6 1.0 66.7 68.4 69.6 66.1 60.8 32.3 U rban communities 28.1 16.3 4.2 33.3 31.6 30.4 33.9 39.2 67.7 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . 1,040,688 875,686 042, 133 2.33,553 129,684 34,525 793 61.7 22.4 12.5 3.3 8.9 9.0 9.8 7.3 8.0 14.2 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. 455,439 376. 426 261,933 114,493 56.046 22,013 954 57. 5 25.1 12.3 4.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.5 9.1 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000 . 801,931 645,914 446,011 199,903 125,403 30,075 539 55.6 24.9 15.6 3.8 6.9 6.6 6.8 6.2 7.8 12.4 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 888,629 6.59,588 364,414 295, 174 194,857 33,728 456 41.0 33.2 21.9 3.8 7.6 6.8 5.6 9.2 12.1 13.9 Cities of 500,000 and over . 687,029 516,782 269,836 246,946 125,706 43,960 581 39.3 35.9 18.3 6.4 5.9 5.3 4.1 7.7 7.8 18.1 Sonth Atlantic 12, 194, 895 9,102,742 3,092,153 7,781,048 5,791,814 1,989,234 7,341,205 5,665,386 1,675,819 439, 843 126,428 313,415 290, 555 98,799 191,756 4. 112, 488 3,202,968 909.520 10, 804 9,161 1,643 60. 2 3.6 2.4 1.1 33.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 62.2 54.2 1 4 35.2 74.6 74.4 77.2 28.7 34.0 77.9 U rban communities 10.1 6.2 29.4 25.4 25.6 22.8 71.3 66.0 22.1 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000... 763,031 486,473 460,255 26,218 20,765 255.571 '222 60.3 3.4 2.7 33.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 7.1 6.2 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. . 444,714 712,387 294,847 269,502 25,345 14,535 135, 206 126 60.6 5.7 3.3 30.4 3.6 3.8 3.7 5.8 5.0 3.3 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000. 424,548 356, 760 67,788 46,567 240,913 359 50.1 9.5 6. 5 33.8 5.8 5.5 4,9 15.4 16.0 5.9 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 613,536 387,022 327,828 59, 194 32,846 193,081 587 53.4 9.6 5.4 31.5 5.0 5.0 4.6 13.5 11.3 4.7 Cities of 500,000 and over . 558, 485 396.344 261,474 134.870 77,043 84, 749 349 46. 8 24.1 13.8 15.2 4.6 5.1 3.6 30.7 26.5 2.1 East South Central. . 8,409,901 5,667,469 5,452,492 214,977 86, 857 2,652,513 3,062 64.8 2.6 1.0 31.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rural communities 6,835,672 1,574,229 466, 498 4,660, 661 1.006,808 300,220 4,595,666 856. 826 279,454 04,995 149,982 20,766 28,925 57,932 7,827 2,143,416 509,097 158,278 2,670 392 173 67. 2 54. 4 1.0 0.4 31.4 81.3 82.2 84.3 30.2 33.3 80.8 U rban communities 9.5 3.7 32.3 18.7 17.8 15.7 69.8 66. 7 19.2 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . . Cities of 10,(XK) to 25, (WO . . 59.9 4.5 1.7 33.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 9.7 9.0 6.0 220,364 129, 226 119.163 10.063 4,208 86.884 46 54.1 4.6 1.9 39.4 2.6 2.3 2.2 4.7 4.8 3.3 Cities of 25,000 to 100,0(K). 289, 285 193,778 154,682 39,096 13,301 82.144 62 53.5 13.5 4.6 28.4 3,4 3.4 2.8 18.2 15.3 3.1 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 Cities of 500,000 and over . West South Central. . 598,082 383, .584 303,527 80,057 32,596 181,791 111 50.8 13.4 5.5 30.4 7.1 6.8 5.6 37.2 37.6 6.9 8, 784, 534 6,372,732 5,767,449 605,283 348,759 1,984,426 78,617 65.7 6.9 4.0 22.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rural communities 6,827,078 1,957,456 4,993,807 1,378,925 4,624,813 1,142,636 308,994 236,289 211,951 136,808 1,548,588 435,838 72, 7.32 5,885 67.7 5.4 3.1 22.7 77.7 78.4 80.2 61. C 60.8 78.0 Urban communities 58.4 12.1 7.0 22.3 22.3 21.6 19.8 39.0 39.2 22.0 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000 . . . Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. . 626,985 474,453 432,269 42,184 23,229 125,667 3,636 68.9 6.7 3.7 20.0 7. 1 7.4 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.3 354,582 242.865 211,387 31.478 21,852 89,115 750 59.6 8.9 6.2 25.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.2 6.3 4.5 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000 . 636,814 439,890 351 , 507 88,383 64,041 1.31,794 1.089 55.2 13.9 10,1 20.7 7.2 6.9 6.1 14.6 18.4 6.6 Cities of 100,000 to 500,000 Cities of 500,000 and over 339,075 221,717 147,473 74,244 27,686 89,262 410 4,3.5 21.9 8.2 26.3 3.9 3.5 2.6 12.3 7.9 4.5 Mountain 2,633,517 1,686,006 2,083,545 1,332,585 1,466,6241 616,921 974,795; 357,790 436,910 263,579 21,467 6, 021 91.595 83,821 55.7 23.4 16.6 0.8 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rural commimides 57.8 21.2 15.6 0.4 64.0 64.0 66. 6 58.0 60.3 2S.0 Urban communities 947,511 750,960 293, 898 491,829 207.075 259, 131 86,823 173,331 .58,666 15,446 3,456 7:774 ■ 2,522 51.9 27.3 18.3 1.6 36.0 36.0 33. 5 42. C 30.7 72.0 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000. . . 3.58,542 57. 8 24.2 16.4 1.0 13. 6 14. 1 14. 1 14.1 1,3.4 16. 1 Cities of 10,000 to 25,000. . 144,. 593 110,960 72,715 38,245 28,043 2,779 2,811 50.3 26. 5 19.4 1.9 5.5 5.3 5.0 6.2 6.4 12. 0 Cities of 25,000 to 100,000. 230,995 177,972 105,004 72,878 47,681 3,785 1,557 45.5 31.5 20. 6 1.6 8.8 8. 5 7.2 11.8 10.9 17.6 Ci t ies of 100,000 to 500,000 Citiesof 500,000 and over . 213,381 168, 1,30 106,945 61 , 185 38,941 5,426 884 50.1 28.7 18.2 2.5 8.1 8.1 7.3 9.9 8.9 25.3 Pacific 4,192,304 1,809,975 2,382,329 3,162,425 1,396,386 1 , 766, 039 .301,167 2,108,770 991,179 1,1 17,. 591 215,212 1,053,655 405, 207 (148,448 85,955 861 448 29, 195 4,8.33 24,362 2,205 139,236 75.796 (>3.440 7,425 60.3 25. 1 20,6 0.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Rural communities 332,960 528,488 61,737 54.8 22.4 18.4 0.3 43.2 44.2 47. 0 38.5 3 , 3.7 16.6 Urban communities 46.9 27.2 22.2 1.0 50.8 55.8 53.0 61 . 5 61.3 83.4 Citicsof2, 500 to 10,000... 372,, 534 57.8 23.1 16.0 0.6 8.9 9.5 10.2 8.2 7. ? 7. 6 Citiesof 10,000 to 2.5,000. . 307.013 239, 187 166,803 72,384 57,155 2,763 7,W .54. 3 23. 6 18.6 0.9 7.3 7.6 7.9 6.9 6. 6 9. 6 Cities of 25, 000 to 100,000. 267,688 202, 747 1. 30,531 72, 216 55,481 .3,034 6,426 48.8 27. C 20. 7 1. 1 6,4 6.4 6.2 0.9 6.4 10.4 Cities Ofioo.nno to 500,000 Ci tics of 500,000 and over . 1,435,094 1,022,938 605,045 417,893 3.54,115 10,360 41,681 42.2 29.1 24.7 1.1 34.2 32. 3 28. 7 39.7 41. t 56. 0 1 ('OLOU OK RAC’l-:. NATIVITY, AND PAKEN^rA(iD. 93 Yho native whites ol' native ])arentuge constituted hardly more than two-fil'ths of the urban popidation, but over three-fd’ths of the rural. It should be noted that the negro ]) 0 [)uhition is jnainly in the South, where there are comparatively few very large cities. The conditions in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions are especially noteworthy. Only about one-third (33.9 and 34.4 per cent, respectively) of the urban population of these divisions in 1910 con- sisted of native whites of native parentage, while over two-thh'ds of the rural population (69.8 percent and 67 per cent, respectively) were of that class. Broadly speaking, of the urban population of these divisions, ahnost one- third w^ere foreign-born whites, fully one- third (including persons of mixed parentage) were children of foreign-born whites, and one-third were native whites of native parentage. In the South, where the total number of foreign- born whites and of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage is small, these classes constituted a very much larger proportion of the urban than of the rural popula- tion. In the South Atlantic division, for example, native whites of foreign or mixed parentage and foreign- born whites in 1910 constituted 10.1 and 6.2 per cent, respectively, of the urban population but only 1.4 and 1.1 per cent, repectively, of the rural population. In the South as a whole, the proportion of negroes in urban comniunities was about the same as the propor- tion in rural communities, though in the South Atlantic division negroes in 1910 formed 29.4 per cent of the ur- ban and 35.2 per cent of the rural population. On the other hand, in the East South Central division the cor- responding proportions were 32.3 and 31.4 per cent, respectively; and in the West South Central division, 22.3 per cent and 22.7 per cent. Table 18 shows also the race and nativity composi- tion of the population for classes of cities. In gen- eral, the relative numerical hnportance of the native whites of native parentage declines as the size of the cities increases. Of the aggregate population in 1910 of the eight cities of the United States having more than 500,000 inhabitants, only 25.6 per cent were native whites of native parentage, 37.2 per cent being native whites of foreign or mixed parentage and 33.6 per cent foreign-born whites. The percentage of native whites of native parentage, which, as previously noted, was 64.1 in rural communities, falls off to 57.5 in the class of cities having 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants, then to 50.4 in the cities of 10,000 to 25,000, to 45.9 in the cities of 25,000 to 100,000, to 38.9 in the cities of 100,000 to 500,000, and finally to 25.6 in the cities of over 500,000. The differences among the several classes of popu- lation with respect to their distribution between urban and rural communities are further brought out by the percentages in the last five columns of Table 18. Of the total population of the country in 1910, 46.3 per cent resided in urban communities, but of the native whites of native ])arcntagc only 36.1 ])er cent lived in such communities, while of the native whites of foreign or mi.xed panmtago 65.3 per cent and of the foreign-born whites no less than 72,2 per cent were in urban communities. The pro])or- tions urban and I'ural in the total jiopulation vary greatly from division to division and the percent- ages for each of the four color or race, nativity, and parentage groups vary accordingly. In 1910, in New England, where the proportion of urban population is higher than in any other division (partly because of the classification as urban of all New England towns of over 2,500 inhabitants), 70.7 per cent of the native whites of native parentage, 90.9 per cent of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 92.4 per cent of the foreign-born whites, and 91.8 per cent of the negroes lived in urban communities. In the Middle Atlantic division 55.8 i:>er cent of the native whites of native parentage, 82.4 per cent of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 83.9 per cent of the foreign- born whites, and 81.2 per cent of the negroes were in urban communities. On the other hand, in the East South Central division, where the proportion of urban population as a whole was lowest, 15.7 per cent of the native whites of native parentage, 69.8 per cent of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 66.7 per cent of the foreign-born whites, and 19.2 per cent of the negroes lived m urban communities. In each of the divisions of the North and West the })ercentage of negi’oes who lived in urban communities was materially higher than the percentage of native whites of native parentage who lived in such communities, showing that the negroes who have migrated from the South have, to a large extent, gone to the cities. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 19 on a subsequent page classifies by color or race, nativity, and parentage the population m 1910 and 1900 of 'the 50 cities having more than 100,000 inhabitants, and Table 20 presents similar statistics in 1910 for cities havingfrom 25,000 to 100,000 hihabit- ants. The distribution for the larger cities is also shown graphically in the diagram on the following page. In only 14 of the 50 cities having over 100,000 in- habitants in 1910 did native whites of native parentage constitute as much as one-half of the total population. The proportion exceeded thi-ee-fifths in only four cities, three of them bemg in the East North Central division (Indianapolis, 64.5 per cent; Columbus, 64.4 per cent; and Dayton, 62 per cent) and one in the West North Central (Kansas City, Mo., 61.9 per cent). On the other hand, m 22 of the cities of this class, of which 15 are in the New England and Middle Atlantic divi- sions, less than one-third of the population were native whites of native parentage, over two-tliirds in all but one of these cities consisting of foreign-born whites and their children. In Fall River only 13.3 per cent of the 94 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ])opulat.ion wore nativo whites of native ])arcntage. In 10 cities of I ()(),()()() inhabitants or over the po])ulation was m(iro than one-third foreign-born white, namely, Fall River (42.6 per cent), Tmwell (40.9 per cent). New York (40.4 pei- cent), Paterson (86.1 per cent), Boston (85.9 ])er cent), Chicago (85.7 per cent), Bri/. '■'///».>' 'A y. ZlZiM Z//Z^y^ ~TA ^ZZZA 'Wz^ yZ^' '/A/y zz y/y/.'/ZZy yyyyZmzm "/ y/. ' '■/. /yyyAyZy.A// 1 yy/.y'-.y .ZZZZMZ. 'i' 1 niiiilMHirtjiliBMH AZZ zz^. ''// y/yyyy '//'/// yy////. '■/Z/Z/ zwk. AZy KANSAS CITY, MO. SEATTLE INDIANAPOLIS PROVIDENCE '^//z yy/.-.' 'w/.y/i yy/Azyy zzMm A.y.'-'y' : . 222 yy&X'Z' /'-y y ■'X///Z'////'■' yyyy 'zy LOLMSVILLE yz/zz. yyyy-yz ''/y'Z/' ROCHESTER ST. PAUL DENVER PORTLAND, OREO. COLUMBUS TOLEDO ATLANTA OAKLAND WORCESTER SYRACUSE NEW HAVEN BIRMINGHAM MEMPHIS SCRANTON RICHMOND PATERSON OMAHA FALL RIVER Z//ZZ/ 'yy/// /'/' /y)Z- zyyz^ '/'/■/ . i Kjy$ZA'.‘ yZy>:: . /.y. M/Z-yy ^ -'ua zy.^ /. y /Z zzZzZz^ ZZ 'Z. U'. .-.-■j - • . ' ■ ' ■'/i v , -yzkyz ^ _ ._2ii zyZzt yzym 'Z/ZyyZ^ 'ZZZZZZy 'ZZ-Z/Z ZfZzm vyyzm '^//Zz/Z Y'z/z': ~ yyyZzs^ 'y/ 'Z// y////z J yz£ zzzzz 42^ V/Z. Z. 1 . /Z- y'^ /■'//'' “^1 zi’/k'yy-yys^^yy DAYTON ' ^ ’ j i- ■■ I'..--.' ' ''-v7' '■yyy/ZZ'y- I'D: : GRAND RAPIDS NASHVILLE LOWELL CAMBRIDGE SPOKANE f" '' 1 ’ ZW: yrZyi'yzyy : ZZ' 'A yy'yz z/Z/zzX zzz^.yXZ^SBM^ ■ ; I I J 1 'ZM [./ yy/y:-»'AyyZ ZZ2.. yZZ . Z'/z'/yZid emooEPOBt {ZZ ALBANY yzZi Y/Z/Z/A native white - native parentage foreign-born white NATIVE WHITE- FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER The proportion of foreign-born whites was low in all of the southern eities. Among the northern cities it was lowest in Indianapolis (8.5 per cent) and Columbus (9 per cent). In many of the 50 cities the proportion of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was nearly the same as the proportion of foreign-born whites. The native whites of foreign or mixed parentage were relatively most numerous in Milwaukee (48.8 per cent) and Fall Kiver (43.7 per cent). Durmg the decade 1900-1910 the foreign-born wliite population in New York City advanced from 1,260, 918- to 1,927,703, an increase of 666,785, while native wMtes of native parentage increased only 183,841. In 1910 only 19.3 per cent of the city’s population consisted of native wlrites of native parentage. Of the total population of the United States approxi- mately one-twentieth is domieiled in New York City; of the native wldtes of native parentage, one-fiftieth; of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, one- tenth; and of the foreign-born whites, one-seventh. Among the larger cities the proportion of negroes in 1910 was Ifighest in Memphis (40 per cent), followed by Birmingham (39.4), Richmond (36.6), Atlanta (33.5), Nashville (33.1), Washington (28.5), New Orleans (26.3), Louisville (18.1), and Baltimore (15.2). In no other city of over 100,000 inhabitants did the negi’O element amount to one-tenth of the population. Table 20 gives statistics for the 179 cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants in 1910. Among them there are only 41 in which the native whites of native parentage exceeded three-fifths of the total population in 1910. None of these are in the New England states, and only one is in New York. Cities in which as many as three-fourths of the total population in 1910 were native whites of native parentage are Huntington, W. Va. (87.6 per cent); Joplm, Mo. (86.6 per cent); York, Pa. (86 per cent); Sprmgfield, Mo. (81.5 per cent); Reading, Pa. (77.8 per cent); Wichita, Kans. (77.7 per cent); Harris- burg, Pa. (77.2 per cent); Lima, Ohio (76.9 per cent); Lancaster, Pa. (75.4 percent); and Newark, Ohio (75.1 per cent). There are 45 cities of this class where the proportion of native whites of native parentage was less than one-third. The percentage was very low in Lawrence, Mass. (13.6), Passaic, N. J. (13.8), and Woonsocket, R. I. (15). Among the 179 cities consi ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COLOR OR RACK, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Con, Tabic 20— Coa NATIVF WHITE • FOREIGN- BORN WHITE. CITY. Total j)opu- lation. Native 1 parentage. Foreign or mixed par. , Num- 1 ber. l*er cent Num- ber. 1 Per .cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Georgia Augu.sta 41,040 19,801 48.4 1,899 4.0 888 2.2 18,344 44.7 Macon 40, (iori ,1 20,723 51. ( 1,09< 5,818 2.7 088 1.7 18, 1,50 44. f) Kavannah 65,064 22,ra4 34.8 8.9 3,332 5.1 33, 24t 51. 1 Ulinois Aurora 29,807 12,232 41.0 10,, 577 .35.5 0,702 22.5 293 1.0 llloomington 25,768 27,871 14,642 ,56.8 0,9(k 26.8 3,407 13.2 809 3.1 Danville 19,521 70. ( 4,87' 17.5 1,998 7.2 1,465 5.3 Decatur 31,140 22,506 72. 5 5,360 12,799 17.2 2,422 7.8 77f 2.5 Ka=t Ht. Louis. . . 58, .547 30, 447 ,52.0 21. t 9,400 16. 1 5,882 171 10.0 Elgin 25,976 10, .346 39. f 9, 787 37.7 5,661 21.8 0.7 Joliet 34,670 9, 7,5.-i 28. 1 13,907 40.5 10,441 30. 1 497 1.4 Peoria 66,950 36,587 30,615 54.7 19,931 29.5 8,810 13.2 1,561 2.3 Quinev 19, 10.3 52.2 12,234 15,97.3 3.3.1 3,641 10.0 1,590 4.4 Rockford 45,401 15,:i95 33.9 35.2 13,828 30.5 197 0.4 Springfield 51,678 27,944 54.1 13,855 20.8 6,900 13.4 2,961 5.7 Indiana Evansville 09, 047 41,945 00.2 10,970 24.4 4,402 6.4 6,260 9.0 Fort Wavne 03,933 30,722 57.4 19, 4U 30.4 7,201 11.3 572 0.9 South Bend 53,684 58, 157 22,880 42. t 16,725 31.2 13,420 3,796 25. C oot 1.1 Terre Haute 42, .586 73.2 9,161 15.8 6.5 2,593 4.5 Iowa Cedar Rapids 32,811 17,4.34 5.3.1 9,841 .30.0 5,321 16.2 213 0.6 Clinton 25,577 11,361 44.4 8,90; 34.5 4,88( 19.1 432 1.7 Council Bluffs.. . 29,292 16,909 57.7 7, 077 26.2 4,265 14.6 32C 1.1 Davenport 43,028 17, 702 41. 1 16,649 38.7 8,101 18.8 509 1.3 Des Moines 80,368 53,785 62.3 19,2.3' 22.3 10,395 12. C 2,93C 3.4 Dubuque 38,494 15,462 40.2 16,84( 43.7 6,08£ 15.8 9() 0.2 Sioux City 47,828 22,405 46. S 14,051 30.6 10,452 21.9 305 0.6 Waterloo 26,093 17,594 65.9 6,:368 23.9 2,706 10.1 24 0.1 Kansas Kan.sas City 82,331 48,021 58.3 14,6.31 17.8 10,344 12.6 9,280 11.3 Topeka 43,084 52,450 27,800 03. 61 7, 183 16.4 4,15S 9.5 4,538 10.4 Wichita 40,738 77.7 0,383 12.2 2,855 5.4 2,457 4.7 Kentucky Covington 53,270 31,079 58.3 15,346 28.8 3,933 7.4 2,899 5.4 Lexington 35,099 21,0,84 00.1 2,0.50 5.9 936 2.7 11,011 31.4 Newport 30,309 I 15,532 51.2 10,803 35.6 3,405 11.2 569 1.9 Louisiana Shreveport 28,015 11,564 41.3 1,533 5.5 1,004 3.613,896 49.6 Maine Lewi, St on 26,247 8,180 31.2 8, .592 32.7 9,418 35.9 47 0.2 Portland 58,571 .31,121 53.1 15, 054 25.7 12,078 20.6 273 0.5 Massachusetts Brockton 56,878 23,008 40.5 17,882 31.4 15,425 27.1 531 0.9 Brookline town. . 27, 792 11,615 41.8 7,587 27.3 8,345 30.0 221 0.8 Chelsea 32, 452 6,969 21.5 11,460 3.5.3 13, 748 42.4 242 0.7 Chicopee 25,401 4,026 18.2 10,726 42.2 10,036 39.5 7 f‘) Everett 33, 484 11,048 33.0 12,017 35.9 9,607 28.7 795 2.4 Fitchburg 37,826 9,74.5 2.5.8 14,415 38.1 13,611 36.0 42 0.1 Haverhill 44,115 19,472 44.1 13,061 29.6 11,153 25.3 397 0.9 Holyoke 57,730 9,141 1.5.8 2.5,286 43.8 23,238 40.3 45 0.1 Lawrence 85,892 11,699 1.3.6 32,553 37.9 4L.319 48.1 20v5 0.3 Lvnn 89,336 33,180 37.1 27.994 31.3 27,344 30.6 700 0.8 Malden 44,404 14,618 .32.9 15,8^9 35.7 13,430 30.2 486 1.1 New Bedford 96,652 18, 7.38 19. 4 32,336 33.5 42,625 44. 1 2,885 3.0 Newton .39,806 16,282 40.9 11,830 29.7 11,191 28.1 4fi7 1.2 Pittsfield 32, 121 13,778 42.9 11,243 35.0 6, 744 21.0 320 1.0 Quincy 32,642 9,289 28.5 12, 404 ,38.0 10, 875 33.3 4.5 0.1 Salem 43,697 13, 504 30.9 16, 4.53 37.7 13,539 31.0' 163 0.4 Somerville 77,236 29,. 573 38.3 26, 632 .34.5 20,751 26.9' 217 0.3 Springfield 88,926 35,732 40.2 28, 656 32.2 22,999 25.9' 1,475 1.7 Taunton 34, 259 11,930 34.8 12,246 35.7 9,779 7,683 28.5 297 0.9 Waltham 27,834 10,313 37.1 9,747 35.0 27.6 62 0.2 Michigan Battle Creek 25,267 17, .504 69.3 4,. 564 18.1 2, 616 10.4 575 2.3 Bay City 45, 166 12,681 28.1 21,292 47.1 11,027 24. 4l 160 0.4 Flint 38,550 21,269 55.2 10, 21,3 8,285 26.5 6,662 I 7 .. 3 I .397 1.0 Jackson 31,433 IS, 474 58.8 26.4 4,307 13. 7| 354 1.1 Kalamazoo 39, 437 21,. 3.54 ,54.1 10,, 528 26.7 6,857 17. 4 ! 685 1.7 Lansing 31,229 19, 497 62.4 7,398 23.7 3,973 12 . 7 ! 354 1.1 Saginaw .50,510 17,2.57 34,2 21,225 42.0 11,701 23. 2 313 0.6 Minnesota Duluth 78, 466 15,49.3 19.7 31,856 40.6 30, 652 39.1 410 0.5 Missouri Joplin 32,073 27, 767 86.6 2, ,585 8.1 914 2.8 801 2.5 St. Joseph 77, 403 .50, .316 G.'l.O 14,699 19.0 8,113 10 . 5 ! 4,249 5.5 Springfield .35,201 28,704 81.5 3,366 9.6 1,126 3.2 1,995 .5.7 Montana Butte 39,165 11,143 28.5 14,606 37.3 12,880 32.9 240 0.6 Nebraska Ifincoln 43,973 26, 021 .59. 2 10,001 22.7 7,200 16.4 733 1.7 South Omaha. . . 26, 2,59 8, 499 32.4 9,028 34.4 7,834 29.81 717 2.7 New Hampshire Manchester 70,063 16,119 23. 0 24.197 .34.5 29,692 42.4 .30 0.1 Nashua 26, 005 8,554 32. 9 8.474 32.6 8,9.57 34.4 15 0.1 New Jersey Atlantic City 40, 1.50 22,410 48. 6 7. 121 16.1 6, 400 13.9 9,8,34 21.3 Bayonne .55,. 54.5 11,301 20. :i 23, 12:1 41.6 20, 522 36.9 .561 1.0 Camden 94,. 5,38 49,. 581 52. 4 33, 128 24.5 15,082 16. 0 6,076 6.4 East Orange 34, .371 IK, 2.53 5 : 1 . 1 8,.5IMi 24.7 5, 677 16.5 1,907 & Elizabeth 7.3, 409 20, '2t)8 27.7 27,808 37.9 23,894 32. 5 1,381 1.9 Hoboken 70, ,324 1.3. 46.3 19. 1 29, two 41.3 27, 668 39. 3 120 0.2 Orange 29, 030 8, .341 28.2 10.719 36. 2 8, IM)9 27.2 2, 479 8.4 Passaic .54,773 7,. 5.36 1,3.8 18, 209 3.3. 2 28, 407 52.0 535 1.0 Perth Amboy. . . 32,121 5,095 15. 9 12. .502 39.1 14,288 44.5 !().') 0.5 CITY. Total popu- lation. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN- BORN AVUITE. NEGRO. Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. Native parentage. Forei mixet sn or par. Num- Ix-r. Per cent Num. ber. Per cent Num- ber. Per cent Num ber. Per cent New Jersey-Con Trenton 96, 815 38,671 40. C 29,20! 30.! 26,3l( 27.! 2,581 2.7 36 West Hoboken town 35, 40.1 6,65f 18. ^ 14,94: 42.; 13 , 71 : 38.7 5t > 0 5 33 1 New York Amsterdam 31,267 10,53- 33.1 9,981 31.9 10, 62' 34 . c 11£ 0.4 7 Auburn 34,668 15,79 45. £ 10, 71' 30.9 7,62( 22. C 52- 1 ..' 13 Binghamton 48, 443 30, 49( 62.1 9,9U 20.5 7,38! 15.3 6.3.' i.t 13 Elmira 37,176 21,72 58.1 9,67! 26.0 5,25! 14.: 5i; 1.4 11 Jamestown 31,297 10,52( 33.6 10,054 32.1 10,611 33.! 101 0.3 3 Kingston 25,908 14,77f 57. C 7 , 10 ; 27.' 3,39 13.: 631 2.4 2 Mount Vernon. . . 30,919 11,43C 37. t 10,53! 34.1 8,02! 26 . r 89£ 2.9 22 New Rochelle. . . 28,867 8,56£ 29.7 9,843 34.1 8,67- 30. 1,75' ■ 6.1 27 Newburgh 27,805 114,091 50.7 8,276 29.8 4,82£ 17. C 6 O 1 2.2 10 Niagara Palls 30, 445 7,72: 25. ‘ 10,385 34.1 12,064 39. £ 261 0.9 9 Poughkeepsie 27, 936 15,27J 54.7 7,41!! 26.6 4,534 16.! 69! 2.5 6 Schenectady 72,826 31,538 43.; 22,32' 30.7 18,63 25. £ 27. 0.' 59 Troy 76,813 32,22- 42. ( 28,491 37.1 15,432 20.: 65 O.f 15 Utica 74,419 25,86! 34.1 2h882 36.1 21,30J 28. £ 351 0.5 3 Watertown 26, 730 13,12e 49.1 7,254 27.1 6,268 23.' 7( 0.; 6 Yonkers 79,803 21,64C 27. 29,960 37.5 26,590 33.3 1,54! 1.9 64 North Carolina Charlotte 34,014 ; 21,208 62,4 579 1.7 472 1.4 1L752 34.6 3 Wilmington 25,748 12,417 48.2 701 3.0 444 1.7 12, 10? 47.0 14 Ohio Akron 69,067 37,793 54.7 17, 370 25.1 13,241 19.2 657 1.0 6 Canton 50,217 29,470 58.7 11,798 23.5 8,64f 17.2 291 0.6 10 Hamilton 35,279 21,866 62.0 9,371 26.6 3,309 9.' 725 2.1 8 Lima 30,508 23,465 76.9 4,445 14.6 1,61' 5.; 97! 3.2 6 Lorain 28,883 8,455 29.3 9, 122 31.6 10,92! 37.8 375 1.3 2 Newark 25,404 19,09( 75.1 3,91' 15.4 2,047 8.1 346 1.4 7 Springfield 46,921 30,577 65.2 8,24; 17.6 3,156 6.7 4,933 10.5 12 Youngstown 79,066 25,595 32.4 26, 65' 33.7 24,860 31.^ 1,930 2.4 21 Zanesville 28,026 20,885 74.5 4, 145 14.8 1,602 5.7 1,384 4.9 10 Oklahoma Muskogee 25,278 15, 190 60.1 1,409 5.6 537 2.1 7,831 31.0 311 Oklahoma City. . 64,205 1 47,880 74.6 6,399 10.0 3,214 5.0 6,546 10.2 160 1 Pennsylvania Allentown 51,913 38,368 73.9 7,172 13.8 6,234 12. C 134 0.3 5 Altoona 52, 127 37, 740 72.4 8,713 16.7 5,212 10.0 4oS 0.9 9 Chester 38, 537 17, 793 46.2 9,258 24.0 6,673 17.3 4,795 12.4 18 Easton 28,523 20,371 71.4 4,740 16.6 3,122 10.9 284 1.0 6 Erie 66,525 25,740 38.7 25,494 38.3 14,943 22.5 340 0.5 8 Harrisburg 64,186 49,576 77.2 5,926 9.2 4, 134 6.4 4,535 7.1 15 Hazleton 25,452 8, 449 33.2 10,982 43.1 5,994 23.6 19 0.1 8 Johnstown 65,482 ^237 47.3 13, 467 24.3 15,316 27.6 442 0.8 20 Lancaster 47,227 35,610 75.4 7,602 16.1 3,203 6.8 803 1.7 9 McKeesport.... 42,694 14,731 34.5 14,523 34.0 12,631 29.6 799 1.9 10 New Castle 36,280 18,625 51.3 8, 491 23.4 8,620 23.8 529 1.5 15 Norristown bor. . 27,875 17,206 61.7 5,032 20.2 4,015 14.4 1,015 3.6 7 Reading 96,071 74,714 77.8 11,750 12.2 8,812 9.2 787 0.8 8 Shenandoah bor . 25, 774 4,511 17.5 10, 798 41.9 10,452 40.6 8 (‘) 5 WTlkes-Barre 67, 105 24,423 30.4 25,926 38.6 16,078 24.0 673 1.0 5 Williamsport 31,860 23,003 72.2 5,567 17.5 2,332 7.3 957 3.0 1 Y ork 44, 750 38,469 86.0 3,459 7.7 1,589 3.6 1,231 2.8 2 Rhode Island Newport 27, 149 9,8.50 30.3 9,400 34.6 6,256 23.0 1,600 5.9 37 Pawtucket 51,622 12,027 24.5 20, 767 40.2 17,956 34.8 234 0.5 38 Warwick town.. 26,629 7,571 28.4 9,86(i 37.0 9,010 33.8 173 0.6 9 Woonsocket 38, 125 5,711 15.0 15,845 41.6 16,539 43.4 20 0.1 10 South Carolina Charleston 58,833 20, 458 34.8 4,902 8.3 2,404 4.1 31,056 52.8 13 Columbia 26,319 1,3,655 51.9 671 2.5 446 1.7 11,546 43.9 1 Tennessee rhattanoo^:a. . 44,604 23,035 51.6 2,293 5. 1 1,332 3.0 17,942 40.2 2 Kno.xville.. . 36,346 26, ,300 72.4 1,623 4.5 783 2. 2 7,638 21.0 2 Texas Austin 29,860 15,887 53.2 4,038 13.5 2,441 8.2 7,478 25.0 16 Dallas 92, 104 59, 746 64. 9 9,078 9.9 5,219 5.7 18,024 19.6 37 El I'aso 39,279 15,099 38. -1 8,239 21.0 14,248 36. 3 1,452 3.7 241 Eort W'orth... 7.3,312 .50, 1:J9 68.4 5,612 7.7 4,209 5.7 13,280 18.1 72 Galveston. . 36,981 12,643 ;i4.2 19,088 27.3 6, 164 10.7 8,030 21.7 50 Houston 78,800 37,181 47.2 11,333 14.4 6,318 8.0 2.3,929 30.4 39 San Antonio 96,614 44,629 46.2 23, 765 24.6 17,407 18.0 10,716 11.1 97 Waco 26,425 16, 739 63.3 2,287 8.7 1,307 4.9 6,067 23.0 25 Utah Ogden 25,580 11,610 4.5.4 8,865 34.7 4,454 17.4 203 0.8 •148 Salt Lake City... 92,777 38, 152 41. 1 34,284 37.0 19,035 20.5 737 0.8 509 Virginia Lynchburg 29,494 18, 743 63.5 830 2.8 450 1.5 9,466 32.1 5 Norfolk 67, 452 34,471 51. 1 4,318 6.4 3,564 5. 3 25,0.39 37.1 60 Port.smouth 33 , 190 18,203 54.8 2,242 6.8 1, 115 3.4 11,617 35.0 13 Roanoke 34,874 25,089 71.9 1,086 3. 1 770 2.2 7,924 22.7 5 Washington Tacoma 83, 743 30,481 43. 6 23,877 28.5 21,463 25.0 778 0.9 1,114 West Virginia Huntington 31, 161 27,311 87.0 1,184 3.8 514 1.6 2, 140 6.9 12 W-' heeling 41,641 22,385 53. 8 12,630 30.3 5,418 13. 0 1,201 2.9 7 Wisconsin Croon Bay 25,2:16 8,978 35. 0 12,089 47.9 4,050 16.1 ■15 0.2 68 La Crosso 30,417 10, 163 3 : 1 . 4 14, 152 46. 6 6,043 19.9 5!) 0.2 Madison 25,531 10,857 42.5 10,269 40.2 4,174 16.3 143 0 . 6 Oslikosh 33,(KV2 9,060 :io. 1 15, ,582 47.1 7,406 22.4 081 0. 3 16 Raiino :i8,(X)2 8,814 23. 2 16,561 43.6 12,509 32.9 112, 0. 3 6 Sheboygan 26, 398 5,354 20. 3 12,367 40. 8 8,607j 32.8 9| (') 1 Superior 40, 384 10, .367 25.7 15,912 39 . 1 13, 772 34.1 182 0.5 151 Inil., (’hi., Jap ana all other. 48 5 34 3 fi 13 10 19 11 12 20 13 8 18 4 21 55 18 2 1 118 7 24 7 7 1 49 10 17 13 12 I 18 10 45 32 24 33 6 17 13 32 20 56 118 21 68 36 36 29 38 63 64 7 29 8 6 9 13 13 7 14 55 6 i 26 10 296 18 181 19 5 85 38 71 28 28 43 22 26 11 CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. CLASSIFICATION OF THE POPULATION BY SEX. 97 UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. General summary: 1910 and 1900. — Table 21 gives for the United States the sex distribution of the total population and of each of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in 1910 and 1900. Table 21 1910 1900 CLASS OF POPULATION. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Total population. 47,332,277 44, 639,989 106.0 38,816,448 37,178,127 104.4 White 42, 178, 245 39,553,712 106.6 34, 201, 735 32,607,461 104.9 Negro Other colored races; 4,885,881 4,941,882 98.9 4,386,547 4,447,447 98.6 Indian 135, 133 130,550 103.5 119,484 117,712 101.5 Chinese 66,856 4,675 1,430.1 85,341 4,522 1,887.2 Japanese 63,070 3,092 9,087 83 694.1 (>) 106.6 23,341 985 2,369.6 Total white 42,178,245 39,563,712 34,201,736 32,607,461 104.9 34,054,457 33,731,955 24,259,357 102.7 28, 686, 450 27,908,929 20,099,515 5,290,930 102.8 Native parentage. . 25,229,218 104.0 20,849,847 103.7 Foreim parentage. Mixed parentage. . 6,456,793 2, 9<38, 446 6,459,518 100.0 5,341,350 101.0 3,013,080 98.5 2, 495, 253 2,518,484 99.1 Foreign born 7,523,788 5,821,757 129.2 5,515,285 4,698,532 117.4 > Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. There were in the United States in 1910, 47,332,277 males and 44,639,989 females, or 106 males to each 100 females. In most European countries females outnumber males, the number of males to 100 females, according to recent censuses, being 93.7 in England and Wales, 96.7 in France, 97.4 in the German Empire, 97 in Switzerland, 99 in Italy, 96.5 in Austria, 99.1 in Hungary, and 98.9 in Russia. The excess of males in the United States is partly due to extensive immigration, a much larger propor- tion of the immigrants being males than females. In the native white population of the United States, however, there is also an excess of males over females. The number of males in this class in 1910 was 34,654,457 and the number of females 33,731,955, the ratio being 102.7 males to each 100 females. Considerable differences in sex distribution appear among the several classes of population in the United States. There is a great excess of males in the Chinese and Japanese population, and among the foreign- born whites in 1910 there were 129.2 males to 100 females. The variations in sex distribution among the several native groups — the negroes, the Indians (these two classes being practically aU native), and the three parentage groups of native whites — are not easily explained. They may in some degree reflect variations in the ratio between male and female births combined with differences in the death rates, particularly of young children, in the respective groups. Among the native whites of native parentage in 1910 there were 104 males to 100 females, but among those of foreign parentage there was an almost exact equality of the sexes. Among native whites of mixed parentage the females outnumbered the males, 72497°— 13 7 and tills was also the case among the negroes, the ratio for the negroes being 98.9 males to 100 females. Among the Indians the males were in the majority. Males increased more rapidly than females in the United States from 1900 to 1910. The former in- creased from 38,816,448 to 47,332,277, an increase of 8,515,829, or 21.9 percent; the latter from 37,178,127 to 44,639,989, an increase of 7,461,862, or 20.1 per cent. There were 106 males to 100 females in 1910 as compared with 104.4 in 1900. The increas- ing predominance of males among immi grants largely accounts for this difference in the rate of increase of the two sexes. Little change occurred in the sex ratio for the native population, but among the foreign- born whites the ratio increased from 117.4 males to 100 females in 1900 to 129.2 in 1910. Comparison with earlier censuses. — Table 22 shows, for each census from 1820 to 1910, the number of males and females in the total population, and the ratio of males to females for the total population, and for the whites and negroes separately; and also, for each census from 1850 to 1910, the ratio for the native whites and the foreign-bom whites. Table HZ CENSUS TEAB. POPULATION. MALES TO 100 FEMALES. Male. Female. Total popu- lation. White. Ne- gro. Total. Native. Foreign bom. 1910 47,332,277 44,639,989 106.0 106.6 102.7 129.2 98.9 1900 38,816,448 37, 178, 127 104.4 104.9 102.8 117.4 98.6 1890 32,237,101 30,710,613 105.0 105.4 102.9 118.7 99.5 1880 25,518,820 24,636,963 103.6 104.0 102.1 115.9 97.8 1870 19,493,565 19,064,806 102.2 102.8 100.6 116.3 96.2 1860 16,085,204 15,358,117 104.7 105.3 103.7 115.1 99.6 1850 11,837,660 11,354,216 104.3 105.2 103.1 123.8 99.1 1840 8,688,532 8,380,921 103.7 104.5 99.5 1830 6,532,489 6,333,531 103.1 103.8 100.3 1820 4,896,605 4,741,848 103.3 103.2 103.4 The sex ratio of the total population, while it has not varied greatly since 1820, reveals a tendency to an increasing preponderance of males, largely accounted for, no doubt, by increasing immigration. The rather marked decline in the ratio of males to females revealed by the census of 1870 probably reflects the effects of the Civil War. The decline between 1890 and 1900 is attributable to the check to immigration consequent upon the financial crisis of 1893. On the other hand, the enormous inxmigration between 1900 and 1910 resulted in a relative excess of males in 1910 greater than recorded by any previous census. The excess of males over females has, at every census since 1830, been confined to the wliites, there being a slight excess of females over males in the negro population. The sex of the negro population was not reported prior to 1820. For the whites the number of males to 100 females in 1790 was 103.8, and both in 1800 and 1810 it was 104. There has been little variation in the ratio of males to females in the native white population since 1880, 98 AliSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. but the ratio in 1870 — 100.6 males to 100 females — was aj)2)reciably lower than at the subsequent cen- suses. Among foreigii-born whites the ratio of males to females was higher in 1910 than at any of the )>rece(ling censuses for which figures are available. DIVISIONS AND STATES. The population of each geographic division for the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage elements, in 1910 and 1900, is classifiecl by sex • m Table 23. Similar data for each state are giv'cn in Tables 25 and 26 on subsequent pages, except that the 1900 figures are given only for the aggregate and for the foreign-born white population, the latter being the only large class in which there has been a material change in sex distribution since 1 900. The accompanying map shows graphically the dif- ferences among the states in the ratio of males to females in the total population for 1910. RATIO OF MALES TO FEMALES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. O FEMALES IN’ MALES IN EXCESS. WA Liess than 5 per cent. Isga 5 to 10 per cent. 1^ 10 to 15 per cent. IflItI 15 to 20 per cent. MSI 20 per cent and over. The heavy lines (=»=) show geographic divisions. The preponderance of males in the aggregate popu- lation in 1910 was most marked in the Pacific and Mountain divisions, with ratios, respectively, of 129.5 and 127.9 males to 100 females. The proportion of males was lowest in New England, where there was a slight excess of females over males, and in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions. Except in the East South Central division, where the ratio of males to females was the same in 1900 as in 1910, and in the Mountain division, where it decreased slightly (from 128 to 127.9), the proportion of males in each division was greater in 1910 than in 1900. The proportion of males increased in every state east of the Mississippi except in Kentucky and Teimessee, where the changes were insignificant. West of the Mississippi the pro- portion increased in 9 states, decreased in 12 states, and remained unchanged in 1 state. The sex distribution of the total population in any state is more or less affected by immigration from for- eign countries and b}'^ migratoiy movements from or to other states. The ratio of males t o females among the native whites of native parentage is considerably affected by intemtate migration. In general, men are more apt to migrate than women. As in the case of the aggregate population, the excess of males among native whites of native parentage was greatest in the Mountain and Pacific divisions, which have grown rapidly through migration from farther east, the ratios in 1910 being, respectively, 119.8 and 117.4 males to 100 females. In two of the eastern divisions, the New England and Middle Atlantic, there was an excess of females over males in this class. The number of males to 100 females in 1910 in the District of Columbia was lower than in any of the states. Among the states it was lowest in Massachusetts (95.2) and highest in Nevada (161.3), Wyoming (151.8), Montana (139.6), and Arizona (135). In every division, and in every state except Mas- sachusetts, Virginia, Arkansas, Okhdioma, and New Mexico, the proportion of males among the native whites of foreign or mixed jtarenl age was lower than it was among the native whites of native parentage. In CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX, 99 each of the five divisions east of the Mississippi the males in the former class wore outnumbered by the females. Tl\e lowest ratio shown for any division was that for the East South Central, 94.5 males to 100 femidcs. Table 23 1910 1900 DIVISION AND CLASS OF POPULATION. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. UNITED STATES. Total 47,332,277 44,639,989 106.0 38, 816, 448 37, 178, 127 104.4 Native white 34,654,457 33, 731, 955 102.7 28,686,450 27,908,929 102.8 Native parentage 25,229,218 24,259,357 104.0 20, 849,847 20,099,515 103.7 Foreign or mixed par. 9,425,239 9,472,598 99.5 7,836,603 7,809, 414 100.3 Foreign-born white 7,623,788 5,821,757 4,941,882 129.2 5,515,285 4,698,532 117.4 Negro 4,885,881 98.9 4,386,547 4,447,447 98,6 New England Total 3,265,114 3,287,587 99.3 2,763,796 2,828,221 97.7 Native white 2,299,269 2,366, 859 97.1 2,020,861 2,069,293 97.7 Native parentage 1,293,890 1,319,529 98.1 1,243,718 1,267,392 98.1 Foreign or mixed par. 1,006,379 1,047,330 96.0 777, 143 709,260 801,901 727,612 96.9 F'oreign-born white 928,337 886,049 104.8 97.5 Negro 32,783 33,523 97.8 28,579 30,520 93.6 Middle Atlantic Total 9,813,266 9,602,626 103.3 7,761,081 7,693,697 100.9 Native white 6,964,765 7,099,518 98.0 5,858,471 5,950,275 98.5 Native parentage 4,208,191 4,254, 770 98.9 3,687,384 3, 719, 195 99.1 Foreign or mixed par. 2, 746, 564 2, 844, 748 96.5 2,171,087 2,231,080 97.3 Foreign-bom white 2,641,593 2,184,586 120.9 1,728,492 1,573,624 109.8 Negro 203,466 214,404 94.9 159, 711 166, 210 96.1 East North Central Total 9,392,839 8, 857,782 106.0 8,177,308 7,808,273 104.7 Native white 7,482,146 7,378,256 101.4 6,612,063 6,477,693 102.1 Native parentage 4,945,547 4,806,421 102.9 4,311,913 4,176,103 103.3 Foreign or mixed par. 2,536,599 2,571,835 98.6 2,300,150 2,301,590 99.9 Foreign-bora white 1,741,015 1,326,205 131.3 1,420,384 1, 199, 913 123,397 118.4 Negro 156,431 144,405 108.3 134,445 109.0 West North Central Total 6, 092, 855 5,645, 066 109.9 5,412,014 4,936,409 109.7 Native white 4,999,117 4,739,273 105.5 4,401,385 4,133,327 106.5 Native parentage 3,365,357 3,158,330 106.6 2,933,804 2,727,099 107.6 Foreign or mixed par. 1,633,760 1,580,943 103.3 1,467,581 1,406,228 104.4 Foreign-bom white 944,767 668,464 141.3 866,985 664,120 130.5 Negro 125,864 116, 798 107.8 121,272 116,637 104.0 South Atlantic Total 6,134,605 6,060,290 101.2 5,222,596 5,220,885 100.0 Native white 3,925,706 3,855,342 101.8 3,266,609 3, 230,566 101.1 Native parentage 3,708,417 3,632,788 102.1 3,073,951 3,033,363 101.3 Foreign or mixed par. 217,285 222,554 97.6 192,658 197,203 97.7 Foreign-bom white 172,872 117,683 146.9 115,360 93,523 123.3 Negro 2,029,808 2,082,680 97.5 1,835,525 1,893,492 96.9 East South Central Total 4,245,169 4,164,732 101.9 3,809,666 3,738,091 101.9 Native white 2,877,060 2,790,409 103.1 2,514,132 2,441,033 103.0 Native parentage 2,772,592 2,679,900 103.5 2,400,720 2,325,054 103.3 Foreign or mixed par. 104,468 110,505 94.5 113,412 115,979 97.8 Foreign-bom white 50,542 36,315 139.2 50,706 38,976 130.1 Negro 1,315,792 1,. 336, 721 98.4 1,243,082 1,250,804 98.9 West South Central Total 4,644,505 4,240,029 107.2 3,372,256 3,160,034 106.7 Native white 3,307,345 3,065,387 107.9 2,339,975 2,167,080 108.0 Native parentage 2,997,125 2,770,32C 108.2 2,095,999 1,932,945 108.4 Foreign or mixed par. 310,216 295,067 105.1 243,976 234,135 104.2 Foreign-bom white 202,742 146,017 138.8 151,333 112,677 134.3 Negro 994,025 990,401 100.4 846,797 847,209 99.9 Mountain Total 1,478,018 1,155,499 127.9 940, 038 734,619 128.0 Native white 1,126,126 957,419 117.6 704,452 587,042 120.0 Native parentage 799,330 607,294 119.8 471,222 383,879 122.8 Foreign or mixed par. 326,7% 290, 125 112.6 233,230 203, 163 114.8 Foreign-born white 286,022 150,888 189.6 179,990 108,371 166.1 Negro 11,766 9,701 121.3 9,104 6,486 140.4 Pacific Total 2,365,906 1,826,398 129.5 1,367,694 1,058,998 128.2 Native white 1,682,933 1,479,492 113.8 968,502 852,620 113.0 Native parentage 1,138,765 970,005 117.4 631,136 534,485 118.1 Foreign or mixed par. 544, 168 509,487 106. 8 337,366 318, 1.35 106.0 Foreign-bom white 555,898 305,550 181.9 292, 775 179,716 162.9 Negro 15,946 13,249 120.4 8,032 6,a32 121.1 In the foreign-born white population the number of males to 100 females in 1910 was highest in the Moun- tain division (189.6), almost as high in the Pacific divi- sion (181.9), and lowest in New England (104.8). In the other divisions it ranged from 120.9 in the Middle Atlantic to 146.9 in the South Atlantic. The highest state ratios were for Nevada (331.4 to 100), Wyoming (287.2), West Virginia (261 .8), Montana (238.4), Idaho (227.5), and Oregon (209.9); the lowest was that for Massachusetts (99.5). In every division, and in every state except Virguiia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Ar- kansas, the proportion of males among foreign-bom whites was greater in 1910 than it was in 1900. The negro population in 1910 showed an excess of females in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, the two divisions where negroes are most numerous, but a slight excess of males appeared in the West South Central division. Among the other divisions females were in excess in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions only, the excess of males in the other four divisions bemg doubtless due to a pre- ponderance of males among negroes migrating from the South. The sex distribution of the Indian, the Chinese, and the Japanese population in 1910 is shown in Table 24 for the United States and for the states in which these elements are relatively numerous. Table 24 STATE. TTnited States Oklahoma Arizona New Mexico South Dakota California Washington Montana Wisconsin Minnesota Michigan North Carolina North Dakota New York Nevada Oregon Nebraska Idaho Utah Kansas All other states Male. Female. Males to 100 females. INDIAN. 135,133 130,550 103.5 37,690 37,135 101.5 15,056 14, 145 106.4 10,420 10,153 102.6 9,540 9,697 99.4 8,366 8,015 104.3 5,487 5,510 99.6 5,384 5,361 100.4 5,231 4,911 106.5 4,578 4,475 102.3 3,968 3,551 11L7 3,964 3,887 102.0 3,224 3,262 98.8 3,075 2,971 103.5 2,633 2,607 101.0 2,534 2,556 99.1 1,777 1,725 103.0 1,767 1,721 102.7 1,673 1,450 115.4 1,394 1,050 132.8 7,382 6,468 114.1 CHINESE. United States California Oregon New York Washington Massachusetts niinois Pennsylvania Arizona Montana New Jersey All other states United States California Washington Oregon Colorado Utah Montana Wyoming Idaho New York All other states 66,856 4,675 1,430.1 33,003 3,245 1, 017. 0 7,043 320 2,200.9 5,065 201 2,519.9 2,519 190 1,325.8 2,518 64 2,030 73 (') 1,749 35 (‘) 1,242 63 U) 1,227 58 (') 1,089 50 (') 9,371 370 2,492.3 JAPANESE. 63,070 9,087 694.1 36,110 6,240 562.8 11,241 1,688 665.9 3, 124 294 1,062.6 2, 192 108 2.029.6 2,021 89 (D 1,569 26 (') 1,549 47 (') 1,293 70 (*) 1,080 167 046.7 3.895 358 1,088.0 • Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. 100 ABSTRACT OF THPJ CENSUS— POPULATION MALES AND FEMALES, BY STATP:S; 1910. Txble 25 TOTAL POPULATION. WHITE ; negro: INDIAN, CHINESE, JAPANESE. AND ALL DIVISION AND STATE. 1910 IMO 1910 1910 other: 1910 Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Fe- male. Males to too fe- males. United States 47,332,277 44,839,989 106.0 3t, 816,448 37, 178, 127 104.4 42,178,245 39,553,712 10S.6 4,885,881 4,941,882 98.9 268, 151 144,395 185.7 New Enolanu: Maine 377,052 365,319 103.2 350,995 343,471 102.2 375, 766 364,229 103.2 700 663 105.6 586 427 137.2 New Hampshire 216,290 214, 282 100.9 205, 379 206,209 99.6 216, 918 213, 988 100.9 288 276 104.3 84 18 (*) Vermont 182, 568 173,388 105.3 175, 138 168,503 103.9 181,372 172, 926 104.9 1, 173 448 261.8 23 14 0) Masisaohusetts 1,655,248 1,711,168 96.7 1,367, 474 1,437,872 95.1 1,633,487 1,691,439 %.6 18,748 19,307 97.1 3,013 422 714.0 Rhode Island 270,314 272,296 99.3 210,516 218,040 96.5 265,242 267,250 99.2 4,645 4,884 9.5.1 427 162 263.6 Connecticut 563,642 551,114 102.3 454, 294 454, 126 100.0 555,821 543,076 102.3 7,229 7,945 91.0 592 93 (•) Middle Atlantic: New York 4,584,597 4,529,017 101.2 3,614,780 3, 654, 114 98.9 4,511,327 4,455,518 101.3 64,034 70, 157 91.3 9,236 3,342 276.4 New Jersey 1, 286, 463 1, 250, 704 102.9 941, 760 941,909 100.0 1,241,482 1,204,412 103.1 43,602 46, 158 94.5 1,379 134 1,029.1 Pennsylvania 3,942,206 3,722,905 105.9 3,204,541 3,097,574 103.5 3,843,539 3,624, 174 106.1 95,830 98,089 97.7 2,837 642 441.9 East North Central: Ohio 2, 434, 758 2,332,363 104.4 2, 102, 655 2,054,890 102.3 2,376,082 2,278,815 104.3 57,996 53, 457 108.5 681 91 (•) Indiana 1,383,295 1,317,581 105. 01 1, 285, 404 1,231,058 104.4 1,351,792 1, 288, 169 104.9 31,044 29,276 106.0 459 136 337.5 Illinois 2,911,674 2, 726, 917 106.8 2, 472, 782 2, 348, 768 105.3 2, 852,386 2, 674,576 106.6 56,909 52,140 109.1 2,379 201 1,183.6 Michigan 1,454,534 1,365,639 107.3 1,248,905 1,172,077 106.6 1,441,281 1,343,966 107.2 9,007 8, 108 111. 1 4,246 3,565 119.1 Wisconsin 1, 208, 578 1, 125, 282 107.4 1,067,562 1, 001, 480 106.6 1,201,620 1,118,935 107.4 1,476 1,424 103.7 5,482 4,923 111.4 West North Central: Minnesota 1, 108,511 967, 197 114.6 932, 490 818,904 113.9 1,099,425 959,802 114.5 4, 183 2,901 144.2 4,903 4,494 109.1 Iowa 1,148, 171 1, 076, 600 106.6 1, 156, 849 1,075,004 107.6 1,139,621 1,069,570 106.5 8, 120 6,853 118.5 430 177 242.9 Missouri 1,687,813 1,605,522 105.1 1,595,710 1,510,955 105.6 1, 606, 556 1,528,376 105.1 80,489 76,963 104.6 768 183 419.7 North Dakota 317,554 259, 502 122.4 177, 493 141,653 125.3 313,851 256,004 122.6 381 236 161.4 3,322 3,262 101.8 South Dakota 317,112 266, 776 118.9 216,164 185,406 116.6 306, 952 256, 819 119.5 468 349 134. 1 9,692 9,608 100.9 Nebraska 627, 782 564, 432 111.2 564,592 501, 708 112.5 621,042 559, 251 111.0 4,259 3,430 124.2 2,481 1,751 141.7 Kansas 885,912 805,037 110.0 768,716 701,779 109.5 866, 437 777,915 110.1 27,964 26,066 107.3 1,,511 1,056 143.1 South Atlantic: Delaware 103,435 98,887 104.6 94, 158 90,577 104.0 87,387 83,715 104.4 16,011 15, 170 105.5 37 2 (‘) Maryland 644,225 651, 121 98.9 589,275 598,769 98.4 529,072 533,567 99.2 114,749 117,501 97.7 404 53 (') District of Columbia 158,050 173,019 91.3 132,004 146,714 90.0 115,001 121, 127 94.9 42,615 51,831 82.2 434 61 (') Virginia 1,0.35,348 1,026,264 100.9 925, 897 928,287 99.7 704, 363 685,446 102.8 330,542 340,554 97.1 443 264 167.8 West Virginia 644,044 577,075 111.6 499,242 459, 558 108.6 607,326 549,491 110.5 36,607 27, 566 132.8 111 18 (0 North Carolina 1,098,476 1,107,811 99.2 938, 677 955, 133 98.3 754,852 745,659 101.2 339,581 358, 262 94.8 4,043 3,890 103.9 South Carolina 751,842 763,558 98.5 664, 895 675, 421 98.4 343,544 335, 617 102.4 408,078 427, 765 95.4 220 176 125.0 Georgia 1,305,019 1,304, 102 100.1 1, 103, 201 1,113,130 99.1 724,488 707,314 102.4 580,263 596, 724 97.2 268 64 (') Florida 394, 166 358,453 110.0 275, 246 253,2% 108.7 232,545 211,089 110.2 161,362 147,307 109.5 269 57 (0 East South Central: Kentucky 1,161,709 1, 128, 196 103.0 1,090,227 1,0.56,947 103.1 1,030,033 997,918 103.2 131,492 130, 164 101.0 184 U4 161.4 Tennessee 1, 103, 491 1,081,298 102. 1 1,021,224 999,392 102.2 869,622 841,810 103.3 233,710 239,378 97.6 1,59 no 144.5 Alabama 1,074,209 1,063,884 101.0 916, 764 911,933 100.5 625,891 602,941 103.8 447, 794 460,488 97.2 524 455 115.2 Mississippi 905, 760 891,354 101.6 781,451 769,819 101.5 402,056 384,055 104.7 502, 7% 506,691 99.2 908 608 149.3 West South Central: Arkansas 810,026 764,423 106.0 675,312 636,252 106. 1 586,420 544, 606 107.7 223,323 219,568 101.7 283 249 113.7 835,275 821,113 101.7 694, 733 686,892 101. 1 480,460 460,626 104.3 353,824 360,050 98.3 991 437 226.8 Oklahoma^ 881,578 775,577 113.7 423,311 367,080 115.3 771, 770 672, 761 114.7 71,937 65,676 109.5 37,871 37, 141 102.0 Texas 2,017,626 1,878,916 107.4 1,578,900 1,469,810 107.4 1,671,437 1,533,411 109.0 344,941 345, 108 100.0 1,248 397 314.4 Mountain: Montana 226,872 149, 181 152.1 149, 842 93,487 160.3 217,620 142,960 152.2 1,058 776 136.3 8, 194 5,445 150.5 Idaho 185, 546 140,048 132.5 93,367 68,405 136. 5 181,237 137,984 131.3 398 253 157.3 3,911 1,811 216.0 Wyoming 91, 670 54, 295 168.8 58, 184 34,347 169.4 87,497 52,821 165.6 1,644 691 223.4 2,629 783 335.8 Colorado 4,30,697 368,327 116.9 295,332 244,368 120.9 421,471 361, 914 116.4 5,867 5,586 105. 0 3,359 797 421.5 New Mexico 175, 245 152,056 115.3 104, 228 91,082 114.4 16,3,442 141, 1.52 115.8 891 737 120.9 10,912 10, 167 107.3 118,574 85, 780 138.2 71,795 51, 136 140. 4 100, 871 70, 597 112. 9 1,054 965 110.4 16, 649 14,228 117.0 Utah 196, 863 176, 488 111.5 141,687 135, 062 104.9 192, 118 174,465 110.1 691 453 152.6 4,054 1,570 258.2 Nevada 52, 551 29,324 179.2 25,603 16, 732 153.0 47,892 26,384 181. 5 263 250 105.2 4,396 2,690 163.4 PACinc: 262. 9 Wa.shington 658,663 483,327 136.3 304, 178 213,925 142.2 a36,496 473,615 134.2 3,736 2,322 160.9 19,431 7,390 Oregon 384, 265 288,500 133.2 232,985 180,551 129.0 370,346 284,746 130. 1 907 586 155.0 13,013 3, 170 410.5 California 1,322,978 1, 054, 571 125.5 820,531 664,522 123.5 1,232,990 1,026,682 120. 1 11,303 10,342 109.3 78,685 17,647 448.4 I Ratio not shown, tha number of females l>8lng less than fOO. »Iaclu(lo3 population of Indian Territory for 1900. CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX WHITE MALES AND FEMALES, BY STATES: 1910. 101 Table 2G NATIVE white; 1910 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 Males Males Males Males Males Male. Female. to 100 fe- Male. Female. U) 100 Male. Female. to 100 Male. Female. to 1(X) Male. Female. to 100 males. males. males. males. males. United States. . 34,654,467 33,731,956 102.7 35,229,218 24,259,357 104.0 9,425,239 9,472,598 99.5 7 523,788 5,821,757 129.2 6,616,285 4,698,632 117.4 New England: Maine 317, 798 312,064 101.8 249,738 245, 169 101.9 68,060 66,895 101. 7 57,968 52, 165 111.1 47,976 44,959 106.7 New Hampshire. . . 165,250 168,098 98.3 114,628 115,603 99.2 50,622 52,495 96.4 50,668 45,890 110.4 44,387 43, 574 101.9 Vermont 153,450 150,987 101.6 116,227 113, 155 102.7 37,223 37,832 98.4 27,922 21,939 127.3 24,508 20,186 121.4 Massachusetts 1, 109, 359 1, 164, 517 95.3 538,094 565,335 95.2 571,265 599, 182 95.3 524,128 526,922 99.5 404,001 436, 113 92.6 Rhode Island 174,659 179,808 97.1 79,735 80,086 99.6 94,924 99, 722 95.2 90,583 87,442 103.6 6.5,571 68,201 96.1 Connecticut 378, 763 391,385 96.8 195,468 200,181 97.6 183,285 191,204 96.9 177,068 151,691 116.7 122,817 114,579 107.2 Middle .\tlantic: New York 3^078,904 3,158,669 97.6 1,606,624 1,623,701 98.9 1,472,280 1,534,968 95.9 1, 432, 423 1,296,849 110.5 953,785 935, 738 101.9 New Jersey 884,946 902,760 98.0 502, 171 507,738 98.9 382, 775 395,022 96.9 356,536 301,652 118.2 223, 116 206,934 107.8 Pennsylvania 2,990,905 3,038,089 98.4 2,099,396 2, 123,331 98.9 891,509 914,758 97.5 852,634 580,085 145.5 551,591 430,952 128.0 East North Central: Ohio 2,029,941 2,027,711 100.1 1,527,978 1,505,281 101.5 501,963 522,430 96.1 346, 141 251,104 137.8 246,664 211,236 116.8 Indiana 1,254,609 1,226,030 102.3 1,079,947 1,050, 141 102.8 174,662 175,889 99.3 97,183 62, 139 156.4 78, 487 63,374 123.8 lUinois 2, 178, 791 2,145,611 101.5 1,324,922 1,275,633 103.9 853,869 869,978 98.1 673,595 528,965 127.3 517,648 446, 987 115.8 Michigan 1,107,624 1,082,099 102.4 625,032 599,809 104.2 482,592 482,290 100.1 333,657 261,867 127.4 295, 192 245,004 120.5 Wisconsin 911, 181 896,805 101.6 387,668 375,557 103.2 523,513 521,248 100.4 290,439 222, 130 130.8 282,393 233,312 121.0 Vi EST North Central: Minnesota 778,944 737,273 105.7 301,552 273,529 110.2 477,392 463,744 102.9 320, 481 222,529 144.0 287,473 217,462 132.2 Iowa 982, 192 963,515 103.0 663,909 639,617 103.8 318,283 313,898 101.4 . 157,429 116,055 135.7 170,883 134,899 126.7 Missouri 1,474,700 1,431,336 103.0 1,218,566 1,169,269 104.2 256, 134 262,067 97.7 131, 866 97,040 135.9 119,565 96,210 124.3 North Dakota 221,221 192,476 114.9 89, 162 73,299 121.6 132,059 119, 177 110.8 92,630 63,528 145.8 66, 145 46,445 142.4 South Dakota 247,256 215,887 114.5 133,071 112,581 118.2 114, 185 103,306 110.5 59,696 40,932 145.8 50,967 37,362 136.4 Nebraska 519,461 484,967 107.1 334, 144 307.931 108.5 185,317 177,036 104.7 101,581 74,284 136.7 99, 712 77,405 128.8 Kansas 775,343 723,819 107.1 624,953 582,104 107.4 150,390 141, 715 106.1 81,094 54,096 149.9 72,240 54,337 132.9 South Atlantic: Delaware 77,463 76, 219 101.6 64,680 63,129 102.5 12,783 13,090 97.7 9,924 7, 496 132.4 7,530 6, 199 121.5 Maryland 474, 755 483, 710 98.1 381,395 385, 232 99.0 93,360 98, 478 94.8 54,317 49,857 108.9 47,005 46, 139 101.9 Dist. of Columbia. 102,084 109,693 93.1 80,507 86,204 93.4 21,577 23,489 91.9 12,917 11,434 113.0 10,213 9,307 109.7 Virginia 687,636 675,546 101.8 667,946 657, 292 101.6 19,689 18,264 107.9 16,728 9,900 169.0 12,034 7,034 171.1 West Virginia 566,027 533, 718 106.1 536,985 505, 122 106.3 29,042 28, 596 101.6 41, 299 15, 773 261.8 14, 164 8,215 172.4 North Carolina 751, 107 743, 462 101.0 746, 715 739,003 101.0 4,392 4,459 98.5 3,745 2, 197 170.5 2,712 1,682 161.2 South CaroUna 339,826 333,282 102.0 334,338 327, 632 102.0 5,487 5,650 97.1 3,719 2,335 159.3 3, 159 2,212 142.8 Georgia 714,970 701, 760 101.9 702, 049 689,009 101.9 12, 921 12, 751 101.3 9,518 5,554 171.4 7,283 4,738 153.7 Florida 211,840 197,952 107.0 193, 802 180, 165 107.6 18,038 17, 787 101.4 20, 705 13, 137 157.6 11,260 7,997 140.8 East South Central: Kentucky 1,008,422 979,476 103.0 948,864 914,330 103.8 59,558 65, 146 91.4 21,611 18,442 117.2 26,440 23,693 111.6 Tennessee 858, 475 834, 498 102.9 839,497 815, 109 103.0 18,978 19,389 97.9 11, 147 7,312 152.4 10,291 7,295 141.1 Alabama 614,065 595,811 103.1 597,894 579, 565 103.2 16, 171 16,246 99.5 11,826 7,130 165.9 8,949 5,389 166.1 Mississippi 396,098 380,624 104.1 386,337 370,896 104.2 9,761 9, 728 100.3 5,958 3,431 173.7 5,026 2,599 193.4 West South Central: Arkansas 575, 813 538,304 107.0 556,409 521, 100 106.8 19,404 17,204 112.8 10,607 6,302 168.3 8,911 5, 275 168.9 Louisiana 450,817 438, 487 102.8 396,356 380,231 104.2 54,461 58, 256 93.5 29,643 22, 139 133.9 28, 834 23,019 125.3 Oklahoma! 746, 100 658,347 113.3 695, 556 614,847 113.1 50,544 43,500 116.2 25,670 14, 414 178.1 12, 678 7,712 164.4 Texas 1,534,615 1, 430, 249 107.3 1,348,808 1, 254, 142 107.5 185,807 176, 107 105. 5 136,822 103, 162 132.6 100. 910 76,671 131.6 mountain: Montana 153,060 115,876 132.1 94,467 67, 660 139.6 58,593 48,216 121.5 64,560 27,084 238.4 43,209 19, 164 225.5 Idaho 153, 155 125,639 121.9 112, 310 91,289 123.0 40,845 34, 350 118.9 28,082 12,345 227.5 14,525 7,365 197.2 W yoming 67, 382 45, 818 147.1 48,652 32,044 151.8 18, 730 13, 774 136.0 20,115 7,003 287.2 11,586 4,996 231.9 Colorado 343,397 313, 167 109.7 250, 989 224, 147 112.0 92,408 89, 020 103.8 78, 074 48, 777 160.1 55,422 35,0.53 158.1 New Mexico 148, 610 133, 330 111.5 134, 528 121,081 111.1 14,082 12,249 115.0 14, 832 7,822 189.6 8,270 4,991 165.7 Arizona 70,285 54,359 129.3 47,370 35,098 135.0 22, 915 19,261 119.0 .30,586 16,238 188.4 14, 189 8,206 172.9 Utah 156, 172 147,018 106.2 89,205 82, 458 108.2 66,967 64,560 103.7 35,946 27,447 131.0 26,728 26,076 102.5 Nevada 34, 065 22, 212 153.4 21,809 13,517 161.3 12, 256 8,695 141.0 13,827 4,172 331.4 6,061 2,520 240.5 Pacific: W ashington 474, 775 393, 139 120.8 324,335 261,051 124.2 150,440 132, 088 113.9 160, 721 80, 476 199.7 67,078 35, 047 191.4 Oregon 300, 586 251,504 119.5 228, 772 188, 079 121.6 71,813 63,425 113.2 69,760 33, 241 209.9 33,885 19, 976 169.6 California 907, 573 834, 849 108.7 585,658 520, 875 112.4 321, 915 313, 974 102.5 32.5, 417 191, 833 169. 6 191,812 124, 693 153.8 1 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 102 ABSTRACT OT THE CENSUS— POPULATION. URBAN AND RURAJL POPULATION. Table 27 gives tJie latio of males to females in the total population and the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in urban and in lural communi- ties, respectively, for the countiy as a whole and for each division separately. Table 28 shows the corre- sponding classification by sex. The accompanying dia- gram shows graphically the ratios for each geographic division. MALES TO 100 FEMALES IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: 1910. NUMBER male eemale Of the aggregate urban population of the United States in 1910, 21,496,181 were males and 21,127,202 females, the number of males to 100 females being 101.7. Of the aggregate rural population, 25,836,096 were males and 23,512,787 females, the number of males to 100 females bemg 109.9. In each class of the population the proportion of males increased between 1900 and 1910 — in the urban, from 98.7 to 101.7 males to 100 females, and in the rural, from 108.5 to 109.9, In every division also the proportion of males, both m the urban and in the rural population, increased between 1900 and 1910; and in every division, as in the country as a whole, the proportion of males in rural communities was greater than hi urban. In the rural population of each division the males outnumbered the females, but in the urban popu- lation of three divisions — the New England, South Atlantic, and East South Central — the females out- numbered the males. The fact that females form a lai’ger proportion of the population m urban than in rural communities through- out the United States exists despite the fact that the foreign-born whites — a class hi which, as previously noted, males are greatly in the majority — are largely concentrated in cities. The higher proportion of females in the cities is generally attributed, at least hi part, to the fact that the city as compared with the country affords more opportunities for women to find employment. Differ- ences in birth and death rates also probably affect it.. Table 27 MALES TO 100 FEMALES. DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. Total population. Native white: 1910 Foreign- born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. TTnlted States 106.0 104.4 104.0 99.5 129.2 98.9 Urban 101.7 98.7 99.3 94.6 118.9 90.8 Rural 109.9 108.5 106 7 109.5 161.1 102.1 New England 99.3 97.7 98.1 96.0 104.8 97.8 Urban 97.8 95.7 95.5 95.2 103.1 95.2 Rural 107.4 106.1 104.6 104.6 128.1 131.8 Middle Atlantic 103.3 100.9 98.9 96.6 120.9 94.9 Urban 100. G 98.0 96.1 94.9 114.0 90.8 Rural 110.1 106.6 102.6 10-4.8 165.9 114.8 East North Central. . . 106.0 104.7 102.9 98.6 131.3 108.3 Urban 103.2 99.7 99.3 93.4 127.7 104.6 Rural 109.3 109.1 105.6 107.9 140.7 121.4 West North Central.. 109.9 109.7 106.6 103.3 141.3 107.8 Urban 104.5 102.8 102.6 93.2 134.8 104. 1 Rural 112.7 112.5 108.4 109.0 145.7 116.8 South Atlantic 101.2 100.0 102.1 97.6 146.9 97.5 Urban 94. 1 91.6 96.0 93.1 121.1 86.0 Rural 103.8 102.5 103.9 109.8 219.3 101.0 East South Central... 101.9 101.9 103.6 94.6 139.2 98.4 Urban 94.5 94.0 97.9 88.6 123.2 87.9 Rural 103.7 103.4 104.5 110.1 179.2 101.1 West South Central... 107.2 106.7 108.2 106.1 138.8 100.4 Urban 101.2 96.6 104.2 96.1 124.9 90.6 Rural 100.0 108.8 109.2 112.1 148.8 103.3 Mountain 127.9 128.0 110.8 112.6 189.0 121.3 U rban 113.3 111.7 110.3 99.6 141.0 105. 2 Rural 137.0 136.6 124.9 123.2 233.7 177.1 I’ACIFIC 129.5 12.8. 2 117.4 106.8 181.9 120.4 Urban 120. 2 IIS.O 111.2 99.2 165.8 110.3 Rural 143.0 137.9 124.9 120.4 236.0 190.1 CLASSIFICATION OF POPULATION BY SEX. MALES AND FEMALES IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: lOIO. 103 Table 28 DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE white: 1910 FOREIGN-DOKN WinTE: 1910 negro: 1910 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. TJnltod States 47,332,277 44,639,989 38,816,448 37, 178, 127 26,229,218 24,259,357 9,425,239 9,472,598 7,523,788 5,821,757 4,885,881 4,941,882 Urban 21,496,181 21,127,202 15, 298, 189 15,498,996 8, 893, 553 8, 956, 091 6,001,484 6,345,416 5, 234, 642 4,400,727 1,279,484 1,409, 745 Rural 25, 836,096 23, 812, 787 23,618,259 21,679,131 16,335,665 15,303,266 3,423,755 3, 127,182 2, 289, 146 1,421,030 3,606,397 3, 532, 137 New England 3,265,114 3,287,567 2,703,796 2, 828, 221 1,293,890 1,319.529 1,005,379 1,047,330 928,337 886,049 32, 783 33, .523 Urban 2,696,799 2, 758,546 2, 180, 301 2, 283, 878 902,295 945, 189 909.877 956,016 850,9.50 825,040 29,696 31. 181 Rural 568,315 529,021 577, 495 544,343 391,595 374, 340 95,502 91,314 77,387 60,409 3,087 2, .342 Middle Atlantic 9.813,266 9, 502, 626 7,761,081 7,693,597 4,208,191 4,254,770 2,746,564 2,844,748 2,041,593 2,184,586 2a3,466 214.404 Urban 6.882,582 6,840,791 4,980,332 5,089,551 2,312,444 2,406,019 2,242,400 2,363,581 2, 150,963 1,892,514 161,453 177, 793 Rural 2,930,684 2,661,835 2,774,749 2, 004, 046 1, 895, 747 1, 848, 751 504, 164 481, 167 484,630 292,072 42,013 36,611 East North Central 9,392,839 8, 857, 782 8, 177,308 7,808,273 4,945,547 4,806,421 2,536,599 2,571,835 1,741,015 1,326,205 156,431 144,405 Urban 4,885,039 4,732,232 3,604,539 3,615,436 2,000,500 2,014, 169 1,634,565 1,643, 127 1, 227, 819 961,472 117, 883 112, 6.59 Rural 4,507,800 4, 125,550 4,572,769 4, 192,837 2,945,047 2,792,252 1,002,034 928,708 513, 196 364,733 38,648 31,740 West North Central. . . 0,092.855 5,545,000 5,412,014 4,935,409 3, 365,357 3, 158, 330 1,633,760 1,580,943 944,767 668,464 125,864 116,798 Urban 1,979.084 1,894,632 1,493,490 1, 453, 054 1,004,257 980, 070 525, 789 564,280 362, 667 209,029 83,809 80, 492 Rural 4,113,771 3, 650, 434 3,918,524 3,482,355 2,361, 100 2, 178, 260 1, 107,971 1,016,663 582, 100 399, 435 42,055 36,300 South Atlantic 0, 134, 605 6,060,290 5,222,595 5,220,885 3,708,417 3,632,788 217,289 222,554 172,872 117,683 2,029,808 2,082,080 Urban 1,499,281 1,592,872 1, 067, 304 1,105,328 821, 025 854,794 151, 125 162,290 105,016 86,7^40 420, 619 488,901 Rural 4,635,324 4,467,418 4, 155,291 4,055,557 2,887,392 2, 777,994 66, 164 60,264 67,856 30,943 1, 009, 189 1,593,779 East South Central 4,245, 109 4, 104,732 3,809,666 3,738,091 2,772,592 2,679,900 104,468 110,509 50,542 36,315 1,315,792 1,336,721 Urban 704, 084 809,545 548, 048 583, 008 423, 791 433,035 70,406 79,576 31,978 25,954 238,203 270,894 Rural 3,480,485 3,355, 187 3,261, 618 3,155,083 2,348,801 2,246,865 34,062 30, 933 18,564 10,361 1,077,589 1,065,827 West South Central 4,544,505 4,240,029 3,372,256 3, 160,034 2,997,129 2,770,320 310,216 295,067 202,742 146,017 994,025 990, 401 Urban 984, 724 972, 732 519,087 538, no 582,979 559,657 115, 165 121,124 75,964 60,844 207, 124 228,714 Rural 3,559,781 3,267,297 2,853, 169 2,621,924 2, 414, 150 2,210, 663 195, 051 173,943 120, 778 85, 173 786,901 761,687 Mountain 1, 478, 018 1, 155, 499 940,038 734,619 799,330 667,294 326,796 290, 125 286,022 150,888 11,766 9,701 Urban 503,331 444, 180 285,668 255, 695 257,949 233,880 129,305 129, 826 101, 420 71,911 7,918 7,528 Rural 974, 687 711,319 654,370 478,924 541,381 433, 414 197, 491 160,299 184,602 78,977 3,848 2,173 Pacific 2,305,906 1,826,398 1,357,694 1,058,998 1, 138,765 970,005 544, 168 509,487 555,898 305,550 15,946 13,249 Urban 1,300,057 1,081,672 607,420 514,936 588,313 529,278 322, 852 325,596 321,865 206,623 12, 779 11,583 Rural 1,065,249 744,726 750,274 544,062 550,462 440, 727 221,316 183,891 234,033 98,927 3,167 1,666 The proportion of males is lower in urban than in rural communities not only for the total population, but also for each of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage groups. Thus in 1910 in the native white population of native parentage there were 99.3 males to 100 females in urban communities as compared with 106.7 in rural. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the ratios were, respectively, 94.6 to 100 for urban and 109.5 to 100 for rural communities. A still greater disparity appeared in the case of the foreign-bom whites, there being 118.9 males to 100 females (itself a high ratio) in this class in urban com- munities and 161.1 in rural communities. For negroes the corresponding ratios were 90.8 and 102.1 to 100. Especially striking are the veiy high ratios of males to females among the foreign-bom whites in the mral population of the South Atlantic, Mountain, and Pa- cific divisions. The total number of foreign-bom whites in the rural districts of these divisions, how- ever, is comparatively small. In the three southern divisions, where negroes are the most numerous, there was only a slight excess of males among the negroes in the rural population. The ratio of males to females among negroes in the urban communities of the South, however, was par- ticularly low, ranging in 1910 from 86 males to 100 females in the South Atlantic division to 90.6 in the West South Central. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 29 classifies by sex the total population and the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in each of the 50 principal cities in 1910, and Table 31 shows the corresponding ratios of males to females. The total number of persons of each sex in cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants is shown in Table 30. In 28 of the 50 cities of over 100,000 inhabitants the males outnumbered the females in 1910. In 39 of the cities the proportion of males was greater in 1910 than it was in 1900, and in 11 it was less. The number of males to 100 females in 1910 was greatest in Seattle (136.2) and only slightly less in Portland, Oreg. (134.5). Nashville showed the smallest propor- tion of males, or 89.6 males to 100 females. Of the eight cities of 500,000 inhabitants or more, Baltimore had the lowest number of males to 100 females (92.4) in 1910 and Cleveland the highest (106.6). The population of New York City was almost evenly divided by sex; in Philadelphia the females outnumbered the males; and in Chicago the males outnumbered the females. Among the negro population in 1910 the females outnumbered the males in 28 of the cities, the pro- portion of males being very low in the southern cities I generally. 104 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES AND FEMALES IN THE POPULATION OF CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. 'rablo ao CITY, TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE ■white: 1910 FOREIGN-BORN white: 1910 NEGRO: 1910 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Albany, N. Y 48,270 51,983 4,5,031 49, 120 21,462 23,011 17,242 19,291 9,031 9,134 497 540 Atlanta, Ga 74, 501 80,338 41,377 48, 495 45, 482 46,505 3,080 3,384 2,649 1,761 23,219 28, 683 Baltimore, Md 268, 195 290,290 243,280 265, 677 125,702 135,772 64, 478 70,392 38, 636 38,407 39,054 45, 695 Birmingham, Ala 67,268 65,417 19, 626 18,789 34,008 32,304 4,206 4,151 3,381 2,319 25,662 26, 643 Boston, Mass 329,703 340, 882 274,922 285,970 77,368 80, 502 126,648 130,456 117,786 122,936 6,664 6,900 Bridgeport, Conn 52. 549 49,505 35,381 35, 615 13,723 13, 433 18, 202 19,112 19,905 16,275 667 675 Buffalo, N. Y 212, 502 211,213 174,931 177, 456 59,915 59,777 88,755 94,918 62,796 55,648 933 840 Cambridge. Mas.s 50,161 54,678 44,477 47, 409 12, 047 13,568 19,370 20,424 16,412 18,196 2,227 2, 480 Chicago, 111 1,125,764 1,0,59,519 863,408 835, 167 226, 666 218,473 446,584 466, 117 427, 860 353,357 22,685 21,418 Cincinnati, Ohio 177,511 186,080 157, 140 168, 762 76, 659 78, 278 61,706 70, 484 29,216 27,576 9,905 9,734 Cleveland, Ohio 289, 262 271,401 192, 616 189, 152 66, 668 65,646 109, 419 114,489 108, 573 87, 130 4,341 4,107 Columbus, Ohio 91, 452 90,059 63,301 62,259 58, 339 58,507 16, 899 18,679 9,374 6,911 6,784 5,955 Dayton, Ohio 58, 848 57,729 42,142 43,191 36, 129 36, 172 12,045 13,514 8,173 5, 674 2,475 2,367 Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich 107, 395 105, 986 66,592 67,267 53,529 53,416 29,535 31,650 20, 895 18,046 2,652 2,774 240,354 225, 412 139,242 146, 462 59,063 56,043 91,905 96,350 86,332 70,233 2,985 2,756 Fall River, Mass 57, 627 61, 668 50,260 54,603 7,637 8,221 25, 345 26,780 24,391 26,483 174 181 Grand Rapids, Mich 55, 539 57,032 42,470 45,095 19,960 20, 817 19,967 22, 800 15,240 13,095 347 318 Indianapolis, Ind 116,069 117,581 83,523 85,641 74,209 76,384 19,675 21,745 11,334 8,433 10,803 11,013 Jersey City, N. J 137, 457 130, 322 104,027 102, 406 37,937 36,924 53, 892 55,209 42,456 35,241 3,020 2,940 Kansas City, Mo 126, 414 121,967 82,729 81,023 77, 861 75,856 22,132 23,501 14,426 10,901 11,885 11,681 Los Angeles, Cal 162, 669 156,529 50,519 51,960 84,881 85,086 35, 446 39,310 33,275 27,309 3,682 3,917 Louisville, Ky 108, 548 115,380 99,531 105,200 55,678 57, 865 24,388 28,023 8,868 8,568 19,602 20,920 Lowell, Mass 51,525 54,769 44, 949 50,020 9,767 10,936 20,208 21,734 21, 434 22,023 62 71 Memphis, Tenn 66, 270 64,835 52, 284 50, 036 31,210 28,775 5,903 6,235 3,853 2, 614 25,259 27,182 Milwaukee, Wis 189,488 184,369 140, 536 144,779 39, 021 39,802 87,348 95, 182 62,579 48,877 478 502 Minneapolis, Minn 157,345 144,063 103, 122 99,596 50,676 45,510 56,026 60,522 49,017 36,921 1,499 1,093 Nashville, Tenn 52, 155 58,209 38,356 42,509 31,054 32, 633 3,287 3,864 1,577 1,416 16,229 20,294 New Haven, Corm 66, 695 66,910 53,842 54,185 18,358 19,368 23,991 25, 443 22,541 20,243 1,711 1,850 New Orleans, La 163, 239 175, 836 136,068 151,036 72,859 74,614 34,423 39,821 14,634 13, 052 40,946 48,316 New York, N. Y 2,382,482 2, 384, 401 1, 705, 705 1,731,497 456,111 465, 207 890. 781 929, 360 987,952 939, 751 42, 143 49, 566 Manhattan Borough 1, 168, 669 1,164,883 918,259 931.834 171,437 172,914 401,434 4 I 6 , 774 561,681 642,338 28,024 32,510 Bronx Borough 217, 120 213,860 101,768 98, 761 46,431 46, 138 90, 631 94 , 515 77,948 70,987 1,911 2,206 Brooklyn Borough 809, 791 824,660 673, 733 692,849 183, 324 192,224 322, 597 340,986 292,614 278 , 742 10,245 12,463 Queens Borough 1U,205 139,836 77,647 75,452 40,430 40, 177 69. 864 61,115 42,338 36, 779 1,440 1,758 Richmond Borough U,707 41,262 34,410 32,611 14,489 IS, 754 16,286 15,970 13,373 10,905 623 629 Newark, N. J 173,389 174,080 121,027 125, 043 46,420 48,317 64, 146 68,204 58,114 52,541 4,477 4,998 Oakland, Cal 78,222 71,952 32,921 34,039 27, 592 27, 606 23,904 26,032 20,854 15, 968 1,614 1,441 Omaha, Nebr 64,802 59, 294 54, 093 48, 462 27, 578 25, 339 19,683 19,912 15,081 11,987 2,379 2,047 Paterson, N. J 62, 439 63, 161 51,889 53, ^2 13, 775 14,617 24, 401 25, 778 2.3,468 21,930 710 829 Philadelphia, Pa 760, 463 788, 545 634, 485 659,212 284,690 299,318 241, 243 255,542 193,994 188, 584 39,431 45,028 Pittsburgh, Pai 273, 589 260, 316 232,313 219, 199 87, 602 88,487 93,353 98, 130 79,024 61,412 13,351 12, 272 Portland, Oreg 118,868 88, 346 53, 128 37, 298 57, 596 46, 567 26, 132 24,877 27, 724 16,056 608 437 Providence, R. I 110, 288 114,038 85, 072 90,525 28,933 31,033 39, 727 42, 627 38,768 37, 535 2,577 2,739 Richmond, Va 60,905 66, 723 39,936 45,114 33,429 35, 701 3,703 3,961 2,287 1,798 21,472 25,261 Rochester, N. Y 108,352 109, 797 77, 520 85,088 36, 779 37, 746 39, 864 43,823 31,241 27, 752 424 455 St. Louis, Mo 346,068 340, 961 288, 197 287, 041 134,850 134,986 118,245 128,701 70,297 55,409 22, 168 21,792 St. Paul, Mipp 111,809 102, 935 84, 405 78, 660 32,522 29,072 45, 782 47,616 31,532 24, 992 1,904 1,240 San Francisco, Cal 236, 901 180,011 184, 866 157,916 64, 527 50,832 77,307 76, 474 80,995 49,879 1,025 617 Scranton, Pa 65, .591 64, 276 51,216 50,810 19,051 19,694 26,565 28,866 19,661 15,451 305 262 Seattle, Wash 136, 773 100, 421 51, 521 29,150 59,007 46, 777 31,178 29,956 39,078 21, 757 1,394 902 Spokane, Wash 57, 513 46,889 21,167 15, 681 29,226 25,348 13,939 13,338 13,404 7,816 391 332 Syracuse, N. Y . 68,806 68, 443 52, 538 55,836 28,958 29,450 22,259 24, 653 16,993 13, 788 579 545 Toledo. Ohio 84,691 83, 806 65, 604 66, 218 37,392 37,755 28, 822 30, 561 17, 491 14, 546 937 940 Washington, D. C 158,050 173,019 132,004 148, 714 80, 507 86, 204 21,577 23, 489 12,917 11,434 42,615 51,831 Worcester, Mass 73, 424 72,562 59,082 59, 339 20,205 21,216 26, 626 28, 125 25,948 22, 544 570 671 ' Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. MALES AND FEMALES IN THE POPULATION OP CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Table 30 CITY. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. CITY. Male. Female. Stales to 100 females. Alabama Connecticut 24, 317 27,204 89.4 Hartford - 49,211 49,704 99.0 17 ; 805 20 ; 331 87.6 16,143 15,923 101.4 Meriden city 13,717 13,548 101.2 Arkansas Little Rock 23,035 22,906 100.6 New Britain 23,212 13 .567 20,704 14 652 112.1 92.6 CaUforuia Stamford town 14,527 14,309 101.5 19,518 20,916 93.3 12,638 12,600 101.1 13,684 16^607 82. 4 Waterbary 38,018 36, 123 108.2 Sacramento 25', 332 19, .364 130.8 San Diego 20, 726 14 :^QQ 18,852 14 547 109.9 9Q 0 W ilmington 43,938 43,473 101.1 Colorado Florida 14, 042 15,0.30 93.4 29,340 28,359 103.5 Pueblo 24,855 19,540 127.2 Tampa 19,554 18,228 107.3 CLASSIFICATION OF POPUI.ATION BY SEX. MALES AND FEMALES IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— (Continued. 105 Tulilo SO— <'ontd. CITY. Georgia Augusta Macon Savannah minols Aurora Bloomington Danville Decatur East St. Louis Elgin Joliet Peoria Quincy Rockford Springfield Indiana Evansville Fort Wayne South Bend Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Clinton Council Blufis Davenpiort Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo Kansas Kansas City Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington Lexington Newport Louisiana Shreveport Maine Lewiston Portland Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fitchburg Haverhill Holyoke .- Lawrence Lynn Malden New Bedford Newton Pittsfield Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth Joplin St. Joseph. Springfield Butte. Missouri Montana Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha New Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth , . Hoboken Orange Passaic Male. 19,237 19,513 31,081 15,118 12,321 13,721 15,443 32,363 12,290 18,417 34.302 17,879 23.302 25,488 34,429 31, 433 27,631 29,287 16,300 13,067 15,154 21,530 43,135 18,977 25,718 13,775 42,773 21,710 26,964 25,628 16,829 14,674 13,760 12,529 27,956 28,293 11,038 16,709 12,736 16,313 18,704 21,607 27,671 42,858 44,585 20,927 47,731 17,801 16, 130 16, 454 21,291 36,628 43,221 16,722 12,949 12,374 22,505 21,779 15,854 19,197 16,801 24,850 44,866 16,231 39,665 17, 401 22,314 21,870 14,661 34,148 13,016 22, 997 29,627 47,396 15,287 37,971 36,675 14, 466 26,549 Female. 21,803 21,152 33,983 14,689 13,447 14,150 15,697 26,184 13,686 16,253 32,588 18,708 22,099 26,190 35,218 32,500 26,053 28,870 16,511 12,510 14,138 21,498 43,233 19,517 22,110 12,918 39,558 21,974 25,486 27,642 18,270 15,635 14,255 13,718 30,615 28,585 16,754 15,743 12,665 17,171 19,062 22,508 30,059 43,034 44,751 23, 477 48,921 22,005 15,991 16,188 22, 406 40,608 45,705 17,537 14,885 12,893 22,661 16,771 15,579 20,240 14,428 25,660 33,600 15,842 37,738 17,800 16,851 22,103 11,698 35, 915 12, 989 23, 153 26,018 47,142 19,084 35,438 33,649 15, 164 28,224 Males to 100 females. 88.2 92.3 91.5 102.9 91.6 97.0 98.4 123.6 89.8 113.3 105.4 95.6 105.4 97.3 97.8 96.7 106.1 101.4 98.7 104.5 107.2 100.1 99.8 97.2 116.3 106.6 108.1 98.8 105.8 92.7 92.1 93.9 96.5 91.3 91.3 99.0 65.9 106.1 100.6 95.0 98.4 96.0 92. 1 99.6 99.6 89.1 97.6 80.9 100.9 101.6 95.0 90.2 94.6 95. 4 87.0 96.0 99.3 129.9 101.8 94.8 116.4 96.8 133.5 102.5 105.1 97.8 132.4 98.9 124.5 95.1 100.2 99.3 113.5 100.5 80.1 107.1 109.0 95.4 94.1 I CITY. Male. Female. New Jersey— Continued. Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town 17,359 .50,231 17,658 14,762 46, .584 17,745 New York Amsterdam Auburn Bingnamton Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Rochelle Newbur^i Niagara Falls Pouglikeepsie Schenectady Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington Ohio Akron Canton Hamilton Lima Lorain Newark Springfield Young.stown Zanesville Oklahoma Muskogee Oklahoma City Pennsylvania Allentown Altoona Chester Easton Erie Harrisburg Hazleton Johnstown Lancaster McKeesport New Castle Norristown borough Reading Shenandoah borough Wilkes-Barre Williamsport York 15,279 15,988 17,587 17,081 23,105 25,338 18,553 18, 623 15,650 15,647 12, 250 13, 658 14,844 16,075 14,686 14, 181 13,435 14,370 16,086 14,359 13,378 14,558 38,821 34,005 35,387 41, 426 36,367 38,052 13,066 13,664 40, 103 39,700 16,275 17,739 12,282 13, 466 36,604 32,463 26,110 24,107 17,825 17, 454 15,213 15, 295 16,261 12,622 12,988 12,416 23,838 23,083 43,649 35,417 13,550 14,476 13,398 11,880 35,742 28,463 25,098 26,815 26, 134 25, 993 19,768 18,769 13,823 14,700 33,515 33,010 .31,183 33,003 12,695 12,757 30, 940 24, 542 22,098 25, 129 22,510 20, 184 19, 134 17,146 13,258 14,617 47, 576 48, 495 14,385 11,389 33,859 33,246 14,932 16,928 21,869 22,881 Rhode Island Newport Pawtucket W arwick town W oonsocket 14,7.84 25,351 13,182 18,732 12,365 26,271 13,447 19,393 South Carolina Charleston Columbia 27,334 31,499 12,616 13,703 Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Texas Austin - Dallas El Paso Fort W orth Galveston Hou.ston San Antonio W aco Utah Ogden Salt Lake City Virginia Lynchburg Norfolk Portsmouth Roanoke Washington Tacoma 22, 429 22, 175 17,621 18,725 14,390 46, 499 19,726 39,007 19,386 40, 126 47,865 12,861 15, 470 45, 605 19,553 34, 305 17,595 38,674 48,749 13,564 13,334 12,246 47,583 45,194 13,775 32,867 17,609 17,514 15,719 34,585 15,581 17,360 47,488 36,255 West Virginia Huntington Wheeling Wisconsin Green Bay La Crosse Madison Oshkosh Racine Sheboygan Superior 16,020 15,141 20,583 21,058 12,253 14,649 12,283 16,196 20,031 13,711 23,415 12,983 15,768 13,248 16.866 17,971 12,687 16,969 Males to 100 lemales. 117.6 107.8 99.5 95.6 103. 0 91.2 99.6 100.0 89.7 92.3 10.3.6 93.5 112.0 91.9 114.2 8.5.4 95.6 9.5.6 101.0 91.7 91.2 112.8 108.3 102.1 99.5 128.8 104.6 103.3 12 *. 2 93.6 112.8 125.6 93.6 100.5 105.3 94.0 101.5 94.5 99.5 126.1 87.9 111.5 111.6 90.7 98.1 126.3 101.8 88.2 9.5.6 119.6 96.5 98.0 96.6 86.8 92.1 101.1 94.1 93.0 102.0 100.9 113.7 110.2 103.8 98.2 94.8 108.9 105.3 87.6 95.0 113.0 100.9 131.0 105.8 97.7 94.4 92.9 92.7 96.0 111.5 108.1 138.0 106 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES TO JOO EEMAJ.es IN THE POPUI.ATION OF CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. 'ruble :u CITY. TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE white: 1910 Foreign- born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 CITY. TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE white: 1910 Foreign- born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Albany, N. Y Atlanta, (la Baltimore, ild Birmingham, Ala Boston, Mass Bridgeport, Conn Buffalo, N. Y Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo Detroit, Mich Fall River, Mass Grand Rapids, Mich Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J Kansas City, Mo Los Angeles, Cal Louisville, Ky Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn Milwaukee, Wis Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Tenn 92. 9 92.7 92.4 102.8 90.7 100.1 100.0 91.7 100.3 95.4 100. 0 101.5 101.9 101.3 100.6 93.4 97.4 98.7 105.5 103.6 103.9 94.1 94.1 102.2 102.8 109.2 89.6 91.7 85. 3 91.6 104.5 96.1 99.3 98.6 93.8 103.4 9.3.1 101.8 101.7 97.0 99.0 95.1 92.0 94.2 97.5 101.6 102.1 97.2 94.6 89.9 104.5 97.1 103.5 90.2 9.3.3 97.8 92.0 105.3 90.1 102.2 100.2 88.8 103.8 97.9 101.0 99.7 99.9 100.2 105.4 92.9 95.9 97.2 102.7 102.6 99.8 90.2 89.3 108.5 98.0 111.4 95.2 89.4 91.0 91.0 101.3 97.1 95.2 93.5 94.8 95.8 87.5 95.0 90.5 89.1 93.3 95.4 94.6 87.6 90.5 97.6 94.2 90.2 87.0 93.0 94.7 91.8 92.6 85.1 98.9 150.4 100. 0 145.8 95.8 - 122.3 112.8 90.2 121.1 105.9 124.6 135. 0 144.0 115.8 122.9 92.1 116.4 134.4 120.5 132.3 121.8 103.5 97.3 147.4 128.0 132.8 111.4 92.0 81.0 85.5 96.3 90.6 97.3 111.1 89.8 105.9 101.8 105.7 113.9 104.6 95.6 108.3 90.1 109.1 98.1 102.7 101.7 94.0 93.7 (■) 92.9 95.2 137.1 80.0 New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough Brooklyn Borough Queens Borough Richmond Borough Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Philadelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa 2 Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y St. Louis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scran tom Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wash Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass 99.7 92.8 99.9 100.2 101.6 98.2 103.1 108.3 99.0 108.7 109.3 98.9 96.4 105.1 134.5 96.7 91.3 98.7 101.5 108.6 131.6 102.0 136.2 122.7 100.5 101.1 91.3 101.2 99.4 90.1 98.5 98.5 103.0 90.8 102.8 105.6 96.8 90.7 111.6 97.4 96.2 106.0 142.4 94.0 88.5 91.1 100.4 107.3 117.1 100.8 176.7 135.0 94.1 99.1 90.0 99.0 94.8 97.6 98.0 99.1 100.6 95.4 100.6 105.3 90.1 99.9 108.8 94.2 95.1 99.0 123.7 93.2 93.6 97.4 99.9 111.9 126.9 96.7 126.1 115.3 98.3 99.0 93.4 95.2 94.3 86.4 95.8 96.3 96.9 94.6 97.9 101.8 94.1 91.8 98.8 94 7 94.4 95.1 105.0 93.2 93.5 91.0 91.9 96.1 101.1 92.0 104.1 104.5 90.3 .94.3 91.9 94.7 111.4 112.1 105.1 103.6 109.8 105.0 115.1 122.6 110.6 130.6 125.8 107.0 102.9 128.7 172.7 103.3 127.2 112.6 126.9 126.2 162.4 127.2 179.6 171.5 123.2 120.2 113.0 115.1 92.5 84.7 85.0 86.2 86.6 82.2 81.9 83.1 89.6 112.0 116.2 85.6 87.6 108.8 139.1 94.1 85.0 93.2 101.7 153.5 166.1 116.4 154.5 117.8 106.2 99.7 82.2 84.9 1 Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than lOO. 2 Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. POPULATION 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. ALL PERSONS 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. General summary : 1910. — Persons 21 years of age and over have certain special legal rights with reference to property, the elective franchise, and other matters. Tliis class of the population is further significant from the social and economic standpoint, in that it includes the great majority of breadwinners and also the great majority of married men and women. From the po- litical standpoint particular interest attaches to sta- tistics regarding males 21 years of age and over, although in several states women of that age also now have the right to vote at all elections. For the United States, exclusive of Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions, the total population 21 years of age and over in 1910 was 51, .554, 905, representing 56.1 per cent of the total population of all ages. This total includes 26,999,151 males and 24,555,754 females, the number of males being 10 per cent greater than the number of females. Table 32, show- ing the number of each sex in 1910 for each of the principal classes of population, discloses an excess of males in each specified class except that made up of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. Of a total excess of males amounting to 2,443,397, the foreign-horn whites contributed 1,639,709. As regards color or race, nativity, and parentage, the composition of the female po])ulation 21 years of age and over ) 1,391.9 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Sex ratios, by divisions and states. — Table 33 gives, for 1910 and 1900, the total number of each sex, and also the number of males to 100 females, in the popu- lation 21 years of age and over, by geographic divi- sions and states. Considered by geographic divisions, the number of men to 100 women in 1910 ranged from 98.8 in New England -the oidy division in which women outnum- bered men — to 144.9 in the Pacific division and 148.6 107 MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. in the Mountain division. The ratios for the divisions last named were exceptionally high, the highest ratio elsewhere being 11G.2 to 100 for the West North Central division. Tablo 33 POPULATION 21 YB.VRS OF AGE AND OVER. DIVISION AND STATE. 1910 1900 Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. Male. Female. Males to 100 fe- males. United States 26,999, 161 24,556,754 110.0 21, 134, 299 19, 647, 708 107.6 Geographic divisions: New England 2,019,096 2,043,998 98.8 1,707,955 1,762,289 96.9 Middle Atlantic 5,920,501 5,008, 188 105.6 4,557,812 4,465,941 102. 1 East Nort h Central 5, 601, 500 5, 133, 680 109.2 4,624,078 4,294,302 107.7 West North Central . . . 3, 493, 037 3,005,774 116.2 2,921,551 2,501,239 116.8 South Atlantic 3,071,428 3,007, 118 102. 1 2,496,785 2,499,998 99.9 East South Central 2,096,186 2, 037, 064 102.9 1,794,415 1,752,742 102.4 West South Central. .. 2,201,366 1,987,760 113.8 1,584,099 1,397,960 113.3 Mountain 913,558 614,736 148.6 563,499 372, 124 151.4 Pacific 1,618,879 1,117,436 144.9 884, 105 601,053 147. 1 New England: Maine 235,727 225, 736 104.4 217, 663 211,960 102.7 New Hampshire 136, 608 135, 372 101.0 130,987 131,475 99.6 Vermont 113, 606 106,883 106.2 108,350 103,819 104.4 Massachusetts 1,021,669 1,074,485 95.1 843, 465 902, 534 93.5 Rhode Island 163,834 166,391 98.5 127, 144 133,314 95.4 Connecticut 347,692 335, 131 103.7 280,340 279, 187 100.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,836,773 2, 757,521 102.9 2, 184,965 2, 193,675 99.6 New Jersey 774,702 730, 659 105.2 555,608 548,692 101.3 Pennsylvania 2,309,026 2,114,008 109.2 1,817,239 1, 723, 574 105.4 East North Central: 103.2 Ohio 1,484,265 1, 398, 341 106.1 1,212,223 1, 175, 167 Indiana 822, 434 770, 658 106.7 720,206 677,572 106.3 Illinois 1,743,182 1,567,491 111.2 1,401,456 1, 280, 144 109.5 Michigan 870,876 786, 033 110.8 719, 478 650,571 110.6 Wisconsin 683, 743 611, 157 111.9 570,715 510,908 111.7 West North Central: 125.7 Minnesota 642,669 512,411 125.4 506,794 403,320 Iowa 663, 672 603,644 109.9 635, 298 565, 263 112.4 Missouri 973,062 896, 152 108.6 856, 684 780, 687 109.7 North Dakota 173,890 122,406 142.1 95,217 63,357 150.3 South Dakota 178, 189 134, 187 132.8 112,681 86, 507 130.3 Nebraska 353, 626 298,040 118.7 301,091 245, 078 122.9 Kansas 508,529 438,934 115.9 413,786 357,027 115.9 South Atlantic: 105.3 Delaware 01,887 58,442 105.9 54,018 51,286 Maryland 367, 908 373,819 98.4 321,903 328,531 98.0 District of Columbia.. . 103,761 116, 148 89.3 83,823 94, 454 88.7 Virginia 523, 532 518,473 101.0 447, 815 452, 543 99.0 West Virginia 338,349 284,969 118.7 247,970 218, 894 113.3 North Carolina 506, 134 519, 475 97.4 417, 578 438, 694 yh. 2 South Carolina 335, 046 343, 958 97.4 283,325 292, 567 96.8 Georgia 620, 616 613, 149 101.2 500, 752 504, 381 99.3 Florida 214, 195 178,685 119.9 139, 601 118,648 117.7 East South Central: 603,454 104.4 Kentucky 579,756 104. 1 543,996 520,921 Tennessee 552, 668 542,408 101.9 487,380 477,892 102.0 Alabama 518, 111 501,959 102.2 413,862 414,313 99.9 Mississippi 426, 953 412,941 103.4 349, 177 339, 616 102.8 West South Central: 395,824 112. 7 Arkansas 351,994 112.5 313,836 278, 542 Louisiana 414,919 395,354 104.9 325,943 318,009 102.5 Oklahoma * 44/, 266 356, 194 125.6 206,552 158, 543 130.3 Texas 1, 003, 357 884,218 113.5 737,768 642,866 114.8 Mountain: 155,017 Montana 81,741 189.6 101,931 48,548 210.0 Idaho 110, 863 09,818 158.8 53,932 31,316 172.2 Wyoming 63,201 28,840 219. 1 37, 898 16, 013 228. 1 Colorado 271,648 213, 425 127.3 185, 708 136, 462 136. 1 New Mexico 94,637 73, 152 129.4 55, 067 43,304 127.2 Arizona 74, 051 43,891 168.7 44,081 25, 197 174.9 Utah 104, 115 85,729 121.4 67, 172 61,212 109.7 Nevada 40, 026 18, 140 220.7 17,710 9,472 187.0 Pacific: Washington 441,294 277,727 168,323 158.9 195, 572 111,043 176.1 Oregon 257, 188 152.8 144,446 95,062 151.9 California 920,397 671,386 137. 1 544,087 394,948 137.8 ‘ Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maryland, North Car- ohna, and South Carolina were the only states in 1910 in which women outnumbered men. The District of Columbia, however, showed a larger proportion of women than any of the states. There were two states, Nevada and Wyoming, in which men outnumbered women by more than 2 to 1 and live other states in which there were more than 1.50 men to every 100 women. These states are all in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. In a majority of the states, as indicated by the sex ratios, as well as in the United States as a whole, the number of men increased between 1900 and 1910 faster than the number of women. For the United States the number of men to every 100 women increased from 107.6 in 1900 to 110 in 1910. The states in which the ratio increased include all those east ol the Missis- sippi River except Kentucky and Tennessee, but only six states west of that river. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. United States as a whole. — Table 34 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the number of males 21 years of age and over b}^ color or race, nativity, and parentage gi’oups, in comparison with the corresponding groups of the total population. Table 34 MALES 21 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION. TOTAL POPULATION. Number. Per cent of total population. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 j 1900 Total 91,972,266 75,994,575 26,999, 151 21,134, 299 29.4 27.8 White 81,731,957 66, 809, 196 24,357,514 18,918,697 29.8 28.3 Negro Indian 9, 827, 763 8, 833, 994 2,458,873 2, 060, 302 25.0 23.3 265,683 237, 196 62, 967 57,077 23.7 24.1 Chinese 71,531 89,863 60,421 81,018 84.5 90.2 Japanese All other 72, 157 3, 175 68, 386, 412 24, 326 56, 638 2,738 17, 710, 697 17,205 78.5 86.2 70.7 Native white 56, 595, 379 14,014,427 25.9 24.8 Native parentage 49, 488, 575 40, 949, 362 13,211,731 10,569, 743 26.7 25.8 Foreign par 12,916,311 10.632,280 3,215,082 2,535,751 24.9 23. .S Mixed parentage 5, 981,. 520 5, 013, 737 1,283,884 908, 933 21.5 18.1 Foreign-born white 13,345,545 10,213,817 6, 646, 817 4, 904, 270 49. S 48.0 In 1910 there were in the United States 26,999,151 men 21 years of age and over, constituting 29.4 per cent of the total population, as compared with 21,134,299, constituting 27.8 per cent of the popu- lation, in 1900. Men of 21 and over formed 57 per cent of'the total male population in 1910 and 54.4 per cent in 1900. It should not be assumed that these statistics show the number of men having the right to vote. Aside from the fact that the totals given include unnatural- ized persons of foreign birth, there are in some of the states restrictions, chiefly based on property and edu- cation, which further Ihnit the number of men 21 years of age and over who can vote. In 1910 men of 21 and over constituted 29.8 per cent of the white population, as compared with 25 per cent of the negro. This difference is mainly due to the fact that many of the whites are foreign born, and the foreign bom consist more largely of adults and of males than the natives. Nearly one-half (49.8 per cent) of the foreign-born white population in 1910 consisted of men 21 years of age and over, while of the native white population hardly more than one- fourth (25.9 per cent) were men of that age. 108 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Ill each of the color or race, nativity, and parentage groups shown in Table 34 (exeept the relatively unun- portant grou])s of Indians and Chinese) males of 21 and over constituted a larger proportion of the popula- tion in 1910 than in 1900. In the case of the foreign- born whites this change indicates a larger proportion of males among the immigrants than formerly. In tlie other classes it reflects a change in the age distribution of the population, the exact nature and cause of which can only be determined by a detailed study of the age statistics. Table 35 shows the number of males 21 years of age and over in specifled classes of the population in 1910 and 1900, with the citizenship of foreign-born wliites, and the increase during the decade. Table 35 MAXES 21 VEXES OF AOE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION AND CITIZENSHIP. 1010 1900 Inorease; i 1900-1910 Per cent of total. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 Total 26,999,151 21, 134, 299 5, 864, 852 27.8 100.0 100.0 White 24,3.57,514 18, 918, 697 5,438,817 28.7 90.2 89.5 Negro 2, 4oH, 873 2,060,302 398,571 19.3 9.1 9.7 Indian 62, 967 57,077 5,890 10.3 0.2 0.3 Chinese 60,421 81,018 -20,597 -25.4 0.2 0.4 Japanese 56, 638 2, 738 17,205 39, 433 2,738 3,696,270 229.2 0.2 (n 65.6 0.1 Native white 17, 710, 697 14,014, 427 26.4 66.3 Native parentage. . 13,211,731 10, 569, 743 2,641,988 25.0 48.9 50.0 Foreign parentage. 3, 215, 082 1,283,884 2,535, 751 679,331 26.8 11.9 12.0 Mixed parentage . . 908, 933 374, 951 41.3 4.8 4.3 Foreign-bom white.. 6, 646, 817 4, 904, 270 1,742,547 35.5 24.6 23.2 Naturalized 3,034,117 2,845,473 188, 644 6.6 11.2 13.5 Having first papers 570, 772 411,898 158, 874 38.6 2.1 1.9 Ahen Citizenship not re- 2,266,535 914,917 1,351,618 147.7 8.4 4.3 ported 775, 393 731,982 43,411 5.9 2.9 3.5 1 A ininns sign ( — ) denotes decrease. - Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The number of males 21 and over increased 5,864,852, or 27.8 per cent, between 1900 and 1910. This is a much liigher rate of increase than that in the total population, wliich was 2 1 per cent. Chiefly on account of the marked predominance of adult males among the foreign-born wliites, the distribution of the total number of men of 21 and over among the several color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, as shown in the above table, differs considerably from the distribution of the total population among those groups, as shown in a prececUng table (Table 1). Practically one-fourth (24.6 per cent) of the male population 21 years of age and over in 1910 were foreign-born whites, as compared with 14.5 per cent of the total population. .Native wliites of native parentage constituted 48.9 per cent of the total adult male population and 53.8 per cent of the total population. The corresponding percentages for native wliites of foreign or mixed parentage were 16.7 and 20.5, respectively. The percentage of negroes in the male jiopulation of 21 and over was 9. 1, as com])ared with 10.7 in the total population. The proportion of foreign-born whites in the whole number of males 21 years of age and over was higher in 1910 than in 1900, while that of the two principal native white groups and of all colored races except the Japanese was lower. Of the 6,646,817 foreign -born whites in 1910, 3,034,117, or 45.6 per cent, were returned as natural- ized; in 1900 the percentage naturalized was 58. The naturalized foreign-born whites in 1910 constituted 11.2 per cent of the total male population 21 years of age and over. Those reported as aliens in 1910 numbered 2,266,535, or considerably more than twice the number so reported in 1900. It is probable that most of the considei’able number of foreign-born whites whose condition as to citizenship was not re- ported were also aliens. The increase in the propor- tion of aliens reflects the fact that a larger proportion of the foreign-born whites in 1910 were recent arrivals than was the case in 1900. Divisions and states. — Statistics regarding males 21 years of age and over, by divisions and states, are pre- sented in Table 36 on a subsequent page. The relative importance of the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage classes in the adult male population is graphically shown in the diagram on the opposite page. Marked differences appear among the divisions and states with respect to the proportion which men of 21 and over form of the total population. These differ- ences are due to differences in the ratio of males to females (compare Tables 23, 25, and 26) or to differ- ences in the age distribution of the population, or to both causes combined. States which receive large accessions to their population, either from foreign countries or from other parts of the United States, have in general a materially larger proportion of men of 21 and over in their population than the other states. Among the geographic divisions, the Pacific and the Mountain divisions showed the highest proportions in 1910 (38.6 per cent and 34.7 per cent, respectively). Very little difference appears among the four northern divisions, in each of which the proportion was prac- tically tliree-tenths, while in each of the tlnee divisions of the South the proportion was about one-fourtE. In every division, and in fact in every state except New Hampshire, Montana, and Colorado, the proportion of males 21 years of age and over was liigher in 1910 than in 1900. In the three southern divisions, where there are comparatively few foreign born, the distribution of males 21 years of ago and over among the several color or race, nativity, and parentage groups is not ma- terially different from the corresponding distribution of the total population. (Compare percentages in the last ten columns of Table 36 with percentages in Table 14.) In the North and West, however, chiefly because MALES 21 YJ:ARS OF AGE AND OVER. 109 of the high proportion of adult males among the foreign- born whites, the distribution of the men of 21 and over among the several classes differs materially from the distribution of the total population. In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions native whites of native parentage constituted in 1910 not more than two-fifths of the men of 21 and over and only slightly exceeded the foreign-born whites in num- ber. Nearly three-fifths of the total number of men 21 yearn of age and over in these two divisions were either bom abroad or had one or both parents born abroad. In the East North Central, West North Cen- tral, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, also, less than half the males of 21 and over were native whites of native parentage. In Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Wis- consin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Utah less than one-third of the men of 21 and over in 1910 were native whites of native parentage. In each of the states just named except Utah, and also in Connecti- cut, New Jersey, Illinois, Michigan, Montana, Arizona, and Washington, more than one-third of the total number were foreign-born whites, the proportion in fact exceeding two-fifths in 7 out of the 13 states. Taking the United States as a whole, the percentage of foreign-born whites in the total male population 21 years of age and over increased from 23.2 in 1900 to 24.6 in 1910. This, however, was the net result of diverse changes in different parts of the coimtry, the changes in some sections being much more pronounced. In all the New England and Middle Atlantic states there was an increase, and in most cases a marked in- crease, in the percentage of foreign-bom whites in the total male population 2 1 years of age and over. In New York the percentage increased from 38 in 1900 to 43 in 1910; in Massachusetts, from 40.7 to 44.4; and in Pennsylvania, from 26.7 to 32.1. In three of the East North Central states — Ohio, Indiana, and Illi- nois — the percentage of foreign-born whites in tins class of the population increased ; in Michigan and Wis- consin, on the other hand, the percentage decreased. It decreased also in every West North Central state — from 58.3 to 45.8 in North Dakota, from 40.3 to 30.6 in South Dakota, and from 51.5 to 46.4 in Minnesota, the other states of the division showing less striking decreases. The percentage either remained practi- cally stationary or decreased somewhat in every Moim- tain state except Arizona. In two of the Pacific states, Washington and Oregon, the percentage increased, while in California it declined slightly. In none of the Southern states were the changes in the percent- age of foreign-born whites among males 21 years and over very notable except in West Virginia, where the ])ercontage increased from 5.2 in 1900 to 10.3 in 1910. COLOR OR RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE OF MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . NATIVE WHITE -NATIVE PARENTAGE FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE -FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER 1 1 2 3 4 5 l> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 2 ;{ 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. males 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. Increase: 1900-1910 Per cent of total i population. White. Negro. Indian: 1910 Chi- nese: 1910 Jap- anese: 1910 1010 1900 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. Number. Per cent. 27.8 1910 1900 26,999, 151 21,134,299 5, 864, 852 29.4 27.8 24,357,514 18,918, 697 28.7 2, 458, 873 2,060,302 19.3 62,967 60,421 56, 638 2,019,096 5,920,501 5,604,500 3,493,637 3,071,428 2, 090, 186 2,201,366 913,558 1,618,879 1,707,955 4,557,812 4,624,078 2,921,551 2,490,785 1,794,415 1,584,099 503, 499 884, 105 311,141 1,302,089 980,422 572,080 574, 643 301,771 077,267 350, 059 734,774 18.2 29.9 21.2 19.6 23.0 16.8 42.8 62. 1 83.1 30.8 30.7 .30.7 30.0 25.2 24.9 25.7 34.7 38.6 30.5 29.5 28.9 28.2 23.9 23.8 24.3 33.6 36.6 1,992,996 5,770,811 5,489,013 3,398, 100 2,112,547 1,452,776 1,755,641 871,401 1,514,229 1,684,707 4,441,289 4,532,027 2,839,805 1,670,493 1,227,076 1,18,3,844 628, 051 804,805 18.3 29.9 21. 1 19.7 26.0 18.4 48.3 64.8 88.1 22,074 138,750 107, 170 83,219 955,304 642, 400 488,815 8,992 12,029 18,761 104,567 85,382 70,319 817,224 566,371 385,353 6,824 5,501 17.7 32.7 25.5 18.3 16.9 13.4 20.8 31.8 118.7 635 2,116 4,909 10,348 2,001 577 15,. 333 18,454 8,594 3.166 7,506 3,020 1,079 1,404 345 1.166 5,060 37,675 219 1,301 382 865 106 22 321 9,481 43,941 2.35,727 217,663 18,064 8.3 31.8 .31.3 234,855 216,856 8.3 476 445 7.0 288 101 7 130, 068 130,987 5,681 4.3 31.7 31.8 136,393 130, 648 4.4 200 230 -13.0 11 03 1 113,506 108,-356 5,150 4.8 31.9 31.5 112,513 108,027 4.2 975 289 237.4 9 8 1 1,021,669 843,465 178,204 21.1 30.3 30.1 1,006,431 830,049 21.2 12,591 10,456 20.4 207 2,310 124 103,834 . 127,144 36, 690 28.9 30.2 29.7 160,412 124,001 29.4 3,067 2,705 10.9 74 263 28 347, 092 280,340 67,352 24.0 31.2 30.9 342,392 275,126 24.4 4,765 4,576 4.1 46 431 58 2,836,773 2,184,905 651,808 29.8 31.1 30.1 2,783,371 2,145,057 29.8 45,877 31,425 46.0 1,706 4,817 987 774,702 555, 608 219,094 39.4 30.5 29.5 744,843 532, 750 39.8 28,601 21,474 33.2 73 1,033 152 2,309,026 1,817,239 491, 787 27.1 30.1 28.8 2,242,597 1,703,482 27.2 64,272 51,668 24.4 337 1,656 162 1,484,265 1,212,223 272,042 22.4 31.1 29.2 1,444,477 1,180,599 22.4 39,188 31,235 25.5 41 501 58 822, 434 720,206 102,228 14.2 30.5 28.6 801,431 701,761 14.2 20,651 18, 186 13.6 74 243 33 1,743,182 1,401,456 341,726 24.4 30.9 29. 1 1,701,042 1,370,209 24.1 39,983 29,762 34.3 68 1,867 229 870, 876 719,478 151,398 21.0 31.0 29.7 862,222 712,245 21.1 6,266 5,193 20.7 2,125 229 33 683,743 570, 715 113,028 19.8 29.3 27.6 679,841 567,213 19.9 1,082 1,006 7.6 2,601 190 29 642,069 506, 794 135,875 26.8 31.0 28.9 036,903 502,384 26.8 3,390 2,108 56.4 2,075 248 51 663,672 635,298 28,374 4.5 29.8 28.5 657,914 030,665 4.3 5,443 4,441 22.6 205 80 27 973,002 856,684 110,378 13.6 29.5 27.6 919,480 809, 797 13.5 52,921 46,418 14.0 79 499 80 173,890 95,217 78, 673 82.6 30.1 29.8 171,941 93,237 84.4 311 115 170.4 1,551 35 52 178, 189 112,681 65,508 58. 1 30.5 28.1 172, 722 107,353 60.9 341 184 85.3 4,991 98 37 353,626 301,091 52,535 17.4 29. 7 28.2 348,915 297,817 17.2 3,225 2,298 40.3 835 106 527 508,529 413,786 94,743 22.9 30.1 28.1 490,225 398,552 23.0 17,588 14,695 19.7 612 13 91 ■ 61,887 54,018 7,869 14.6 30.6 29.2 52,804 45,592 15.8 9,050 8,374 8.1 29 4 367,908 321,903 46,005 14.3 28.4 27.1 303,561 260,979 16.3 63,963 60, 406 5.9 13 359 12 103,761 83,823 19,9.38 23.8 31.3 30.1 75,765 60,318 25.6 27,621 23,072 19.7 22 312 36 523,532 447,815 75,717 16.9 25.4 24.2 363,659 301,379 20.7 159,593 146, 122 9.2 133 136 11 ,338,349 247,970 90,379 36.4 27.7 25.9 315,498 233, 129 35.3 22,757 14,786 5.3.9 8 84 2 506, 134 417,578 88,556 21.2 22.9 22.0 357,611 289,203 2.3.6 140, 752 127, 114 15.4 1,703 66 2 3,35,040 283,. 325 51,721 18.3 22.1 21.1 165,769 130,375 27.1 169,155 152,860 10. 7 71 49 2 620,616 500, 752 119,864 23.9 2.3.8 22.6 353,509 277,490 27.4 266,814 223,073 19.6 24 206 3 214, 195 139,601 74,594 53.4 28.5 26.4 124,311 77,962 59.5 89,659 61,417 46.0 27 163 34 603,454 543,996 59,458 10.9 26.4 25.3 527,661 469,206 12.5 75,094 74,728 1.3 48 42 9 552,608 487,380 65,288 13.4 25.3 24.1 433,431 375,046 15.6 119,142 112,236 6.2 46 40 8 51.3,111 413,862 99,249 24.0 24.0 22.6 298,943 232,294 28.7 213,923 181,471 17.9 181 57 4 426,9.53 349, 177 77,776 22.3 23.8 22.5 192,741 150,530 28.0 233, 701 197,936 18.1 302 206 1 395,824 313,830 81,988 26.1 25.1 23.9 284,301 226,597 25.5 111,365 87,157 27:8 95 54 9 414,919 325,943 88,976 27.3 25.0 23.6 240,001 177, 878 34.9 174,211 147,348 18.2 154 441 25 447,266 206,552 240,714 116.5 27.0 20. 1 395,377 179,408 120. 4 36,841 13,97.3 163.7 14,880 129 39 1,003,357 737, 768 265, .589 36.0 25.7 24.2 835, 962 599,901 39.3 166,398 136,875 21.6 204 542 248 1.55,017 101,931 53,086 52. 1 41.2 41.9 148,7,33 94,873 ,56.8 851 711 19.7 2,766 1,108 1,486 110,803 53,932 56,931 105. 6 34.0 33. 3 107,469 50,328 113.5 .328 130 152.3 1,039 811 1,206 03,201 37,898 25,303 66.8 4.3.3 41.0 69,098 36,262 04.6 1,325 481 176.5 419 219 • 1,463 271,648 185,708 85,940 46.3 34.0 34.4 204,603 181,610 45.7 4,283 3,215 33.2 324 341 2,096 94,637 55,007 39,570 71.9 28.9 28.2 88, 7,33 50,804 74.7 644 775 -16.9 4,793 230 237 74,051 44,081 29,970 68.0 36.2 3,5.9 65,097 34,911 86.5 764 1,084 -29.5 6,701 1,166 323 104,115 67, 172 36, 943 55. 0 27.9 24.3 100,4,30 05,205 54.0 568 358 58.7 885 324 1,889 40,026 17,710 22,310 120. 0 48.9 41.8 36,032 14,652 150.0 229 70 1,527 801 782 441,294 195,. 572 245,722 125.6 38.6 37.7 422,679 183,999 129.7 3,120 1,2.30 163.7 2,858 2,304 10, 165 2o7, 188 144,446 112,742 78.1 38.2 34.9 245,34,3 131,261 86.9 766 560 36. 8 1,235 11,710 2,834 920,397 544,087 376,310 69.2 38.7 36.0 840,207 489, ,545 72.9 8,143 3,711 119.4 4,601 28,661 30,942 ■ Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 1 2 3 4 5 tj 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Ill DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. A minus slgn(— ) denotes decrease.] MALES 21 YEARS OK AGE AND OVKR. PER CENT OF TOTAL. Native white. Foreign-horn white. White. Negro. Native white. Foreign- bom v/hite. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 13,211,731 10, 669, 743 25.0 4,498,966 3, 444, 684 30.6 6,646,817 4,904,270 36.5 90.2 89.5 9.1 9.7 48.9 50.0 16.7 16.3 24.6 23.2 808,405 788, 221 2.6 387, 744 298, 663 29.8 796,847 597, 823 33.3 98.7 98.6 1.1 1.1 40.0 46.1 19.2 17.5 39.5 35.0 2, 320, 176 1,971,882 17.7 1,178,365 958, 532 22.9 2,272,271 1,510,875 50.4 97.5 97.4 2.3 2.3 39.2 43.3 19.9 21.0 38.4 33.1 2,613, 162 2,207,411 18.4 1,302,508 1,039,999 25.2 1,573,343 1,284, 617 22.5 97.9 98.0 1.9 1.8 46.6 47.7 23.2 22.5 28.1 27.8 1,711,122 1,448,882 18.1 817,570 600, 914 36.1 869, 408 790, 009 10.1 97.3 97.2 2.4 2.4 49.0 49.6 23.4 20.6 24.9 27.0 1,841,213 1, 466, 826 25.5 120, 669 105, 484 14.4 150, 665 104, 183 44.6 68.8 67. 1 31.1 32.7 59.9 58.7 3.9 4.2 4.9 4.2 1,337,122 1, 111,980 20.2 69,346 67,651 2.5 46, 308 47,445 -2.4 69.3 68.4 30.6 31.6 63.8 62.0 3.3 3.8 2.2 2.6 1,428,856 943,878 51.4 154,845 109, 035 42.0 171,940 130, 931 31.3 77.6 74.7 21.6 24.3 63.2 59.6 6.8 6.9 7.6 8.3 442,848 257,597 71.9 171,016 106, 192 61.0 257,537 164, 862 56.2 95.4 93.8 1.0 1.2 48.5 45.7 18.7 18.8 28.2 29.3 708, 828 373,066 90.0 2%, 903 158, 214 87.7 508,498 273,525 85.9 93.5 91.0 0.7 0.6 43.8 42.2 18.3 17.9 31.4 30.9 159,769 157,377 1.5 26,622 20,964 27.0 48,464 38,515 25.8 99.6 99.6 0.2 0.2 67.8 72.3 11.3 9.6 20.6 17.7 76,639 82,383 -7.0 17,798 13,496 31.9 41,956 34,769 20.7 99.8 99.7 0.1 0.2 56.1 62.9 13.0 10.3 30.7 26.5 69, 387 68,857 0.8 19, 367 18,324 5.7 23,759 20, 846 14.0 99.1 99.7 0.9 0.3 61.1 63.5 17.1 16.9 20.9 19.2 334, 346 320,943 4.2 218,484 • 165,584 31.9 453, 601 343, 522 32.0 98.5 98.4 1.2 1.2 32.7 38.1 21.4 19.6 44.4 40.7 48,513 44,893 8.1 36,000 25,340 42.1 75,899 63,768 41.2 97.9 97.5 1.9 2.2 29.6 35.3 22.0 19.9 46.3 42.3 119,751 113,768 5.3 69,473 54,955 26.4 153, 168 106,403 44.0 98.5 98.1 1.4 1.6 34.4 40.6 20.0 19.6 44.1 38.0 909,494 782,487 16.2 652, 864 533,096 22.5 1,221,013 829,474 47.2 98.1 98.2 1.6 1.4 32.1 35.8 23.0 24.4 43.0 38.0 281,269 224,644 25.2 153,926 111,508 38.0 309,648 196,598 67.5 96.1 95.9 3.7 3.9 36.3 40.4 19.9 20.1 40.0 35.4 1, 129, 412 964,751 17.1 371,575 313,928 18.4 741, 610 484,803 53.0 97.1 97.0 2.8 2.8 48.9 53.1 16.1 17.3 32.1 26.7 841,556 697, 956 20.6 294,443 256,955 14.6 308,478 225,688 36.7 97.3 97.4 2.6 2.6 56.7 57.6 19.8 21.2 20.8 18.6 596, 119 517,446 15.2 116,385 111,228 4.6 88,927 73,087 21.7 97.4 97.4 2.5 2.5 72.5 71.8 14.2 15.4 10.8 10.1 689,200 586,773 17.5 407,318 316,313 28.8 604,524 467, 123 29.4 97.6 97.8 2.3 2.1 39.5 41.9 23.4 22.6 34.7 33.3 337,651 288,293 17.1 222,394 162,537 36.8 302, 177 261,415 15.6 99.0 99.0 0.7 0.7 38.8 40.1 25.5 22.6 34.7 36.3 148,636 116,943 27.1 261,968 192,966 35.8 269,237 257,304 4.6 99.4 99.4 0.2 0.2 21.7 20.5 38.3 33.8 39.4 45.1 135,494 104,577 29.6 203,127 137,054 48.2 298, 282 260, 753 14,4 99.1 99.1 0.5 0.4 21.1 20.6 31.6 27.0 46.4 51.5 333,621 321,513 3.8 177,413 151,246 17.3 146,880 157,906 -7.0 99.1 99.3 0.8 0.7 50.3 50.6 26.7 23.8 22.1 24.9 630, 878 551,438 14.4 167, 198 145, 876 14.6 121,404 112,483 7.9 94.5 94.5 5.4 5.4 64.8 64.4 17.2 17.0 12.5 13.1 43,358 19,777 119.2 48,862 17, 902 172.9 79,721 55,558 43.5 98.9 97.9 0.2 0.1 24.9 20.8 28.1 18.8 45.8 58.3 65,769 35,381 85.9 52,425 26,526 97.6 54,528 45,446 20.0 96.9 95.3 0.2 0.2 36.9 31.4 29.4 23.5 30.6 40.3 168, 559 147,508 14.3 86,011 59,384 44.8 94,345 90,925 3.8 98.7 98.9 0.9 0.8 47.7 49.0 24.3 19.7 26.7 30.2 333,443 268,688 24.1 82,534 62,926 31.2 74,248 66,958 10.9 96.4 96.3 3.5 3.6 65.6 64.9 16.2 15.2 14.-6 16.2 37,677 33,270 13.2 6,351 5,575 13.9 8,776 6,747 30.1 85.3 84.4 14.6 15.5 60.9 61.6- 10.3 10.3 14.2 12.5 203, 284 172, 003 18.2 52, 304 46,965 11.4 47,973 42,011 14.2 82.5 81.1 17.4 18.8 55.3 53.4 14.2 14.6 13.0 13.1 49,949 39,557 26.3 14,078 11,161 26.1 11,738 9,600 22.3 73.0 72.0 26.6 27.5 48.1 47.2 13.6 12.3 11.3 11.5 338, 098 280, 881 20.4 10, 679 9,413 13.4 14, 882 11,085 34.3 69.5 67.3 30.5 32.6 64.6 62.7 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.5 264, 694 205, 216 29.0 16, 117 15, 035 7.2 34, 687 12,878 169.4 93.2 94.0 6.7 6.0 78.2 82.8 4.8 6.1 10.3 5.2 352,032 284, 601 23.7 2,283 2,211 3.3 3,296 2,451 34.5 70.7 69.3 29.0 30.4 69.6 68.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 159,009 124,097 28.1 3,405 3,299 3.2 3,355 2,979 12.6 49.5 46.0 50.5 54.0 47.5 43.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 337, 267 263,929 27.8 7,789 6, 860 13.5 8,513 6,707 26.9 57.0 55.4 43.0 44.5 54.3 52.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 99,203 63,272 56.8 7,663 4,965 54.3 17,445 9,725 79.4 58.0 55.8 41.9 44.0 46.3 45.3 3.6 3.6 8.1 7.0 464,524 402,244 15.5 42,697 41,823 2.1 20,440 25, 139 -18.7 87.4 86.3 12.5 13.7 77.0 73.9 7.1 7.7 3.4 4.6 411, 200 353, 621 16.3 12, 119 11,916 1.7 10, 112 9,509 6.3 78.4 77.0 21.6 23.0 74.4 72.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.0 279, 957 216,050 29.6 8,465 8, 162 3.7 10,521 8,082 30.2 58.3 56.1 41.7 43.8 54.6 52.2 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 181,441 140,065 29.5 6,065 5,750 5.5 5,235 4,715 11.0 45.1 43.1 54.7 56.7 42.5 40.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 263, 215 208,967 26.0 11,368 9,352 21.6 9,718 8,278 17.4 71.8 72.2 28.1 27.8 66. 5i 66.6 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 179,778 121,356 48.1 33,704 31, 182 8.1 26,519 25,340 4.7 57.8 54.6 42.0 45.2 43.3 37.2 8.1 9.6 6.4 7.8 343,399 154,692 122.0 28,427 13, 176 115.7 23,551 11,540 104.1 88.4 86.9 8.2 6.8 76.8 74.9 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.6 642,464 458, 863 40.0 81,346 55,325 47.0 112, 152 85,773 30.8 83.3 81.3 16.6 18.6 64.0 62.2 8.1 7.5 11.2 11.6 59,657 35, 130 69.8 29,763 19,760 50.6 69,313 39,983 48.3 95.9 93.1 0.5 0.7 38.5 34.5 19.2 19.4 38.3 39.2 58,978 25,788 128.7 22,647 11,051 104.9 25,844 13,491 91.6 96.9 93.3 0.3 0.2 53.2 47.8 20.4 20.5 23.3 25.0 30,708 18,012 70.5 10,729 7,639 40.5 18,263 10,611 72.1 94.5 95.7 2.1 1.3 48.6 47.5 17.0 20.2 28.9 28.0 147, 268 99,563 47.9 46, 821 30, 891 51.6 70,514 51, 162 37.8 97.4 97.8 1.6 1.7 54.2 53.6 17.2 16.6 26.0 27.6 69,289 39, 171 76.9 6,942 4,382 58.4 12,502 7,251 72.4 93.8 92.3 0.7 1.4 73.2 71.1 7.3 8.0 13.2 13.2 28,752 16, 183 77.7 10, 663 6,567 62.4 25,682 12, 161 111.2 87.9 79.2 1.0 2.5 38.8 36.7 14.4 14.9 34.7 37.6 32,979 18,321 80.0 34,805 22, 478 54.8 32,652 24,406 33.8 96.5 97. 1 0.5 0.5 31.7 27.3 33.4 33.5 31.4 36.3 15,219 5,431 180.2 8,646 3,424 152.5 12,767 5,797 120.2 91.5 82.7 0.6 0.4 38.0 30.7 21.6 19. S 31.9 32.7 199, 779 92,262 116.5 75, 676 29,992 152.3 147, 224 61,745 138.4 95.8 94.1 0.7 0.6 45.3 47.2 17.1 15.3 33.4 31.6 141,266 79, 220 78.3 40, 168 20,555 95.4 6,3,909 31,486 101. 0 95.4 90.9 0.3 0.4 54.9 54.8 15.6 14.2 24.8 21.8 367, 783 201,584 82.4 181,059 107,667 68.2 297,365 180, 294 64.9 91.9 90.0 0.9 0.7 40.0 37.0 19.7 19.8 32.3 33.1 112 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Urban and rural communities. — Table 37 shows, for each geof'raphic division, tlio number of males 21 years of af^e and over in 1910 in urban and rural com- munities, respectively, classified according to color or race, nativity, and parentage. The percentages formed by the several classes of population are also shown graphically in the accompanying diagram. In the United States as a whole males 21 years of age and over formed a larger proportion of the total population in 1910 in urban than in rural commimi- ties, but the opposite was the case in the New Eng- land, Middle Atlantic, and Mountain divisions. In the urban communities of the United States as a whole in 1910, only 38.2 per cent of the males 21 years of age and over were native wliites of native parentage^ wliile 34.3 per cent were foreign-born whites and 20.8 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed par- entage; thus considerably over one-half of the total either were born abroad or had one or both parents born abroad. In rural communities, on the other hand, nearly three-fifths (59.4 per cent) of the males of 2 1 years and over were native whites of native par- entage, only 27.7 per cent being foreign-born whites and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. In the iVIiddle Atlantic and New England divisions the proportion of native whites of native parentage among males of 21 years and over in m’ban communities was especially low (30.2 and 33.7 per cent, respec- tively), and the proportion of foreign-born whites especially high (44.2 and 44 per cent, respectively). DISTRIBUTION OF MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: 1910. URBAN NEW ENGLAND SURAL URBAN MID. ATLANTIC RURAL URBAN E. NO. CENTRAL RURAL URBAN W. NO. CENTRAL RURAL URBAN SO. ATLANTIC RURAL URBAN E. SO. CENTRAL RURAL URBAN w. SO. CENTRAL RURAL URBAN MOUNTAIN RURAL URBAN PACIFIC RURAL URBAN UNITED STATES RURAL M, Ml yy^ yy w m “''/yy yy. m. yy W/7 yy. r m m m m, m yy, 1 . 'Mi m M ^mr//YAv/yy. m y/y yyy yy mmm III n m Wa v/yyy/. M m yyPy m yy M yyy. m, yy/7 yy/yyy \ (III M Ml y////, Yyy\ M M yy yy yy ■ ■ 1 1 LJ n M yyy-, 'yy f/yi yyy, wyyyA m. ) . 1 1 1 'yy yyy yy M2. yy/y yy m irn yy. y//. V///. m. m yy. yy, m Z2 Ha EB \,-y / \ NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAGE FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE WHITE - FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE NEGRO AND ALL OTHER MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 37 DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. • MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. Per cent of total popu- lation. White. Negro. Indian , Chinese, Jap- anese, and all other. Native white. Foreign- bom white. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. United States 26,999,151 29.4 24,357,514 2, 458, 873 182,764 13,211,731 4, 498, 966 6,646.817 Urban 13,341,135 31.3 12,453,858 811,945 75,332 5,092,259 2,779,541 4,582,058 Rural 13,658,016 27.7 11,903,656 1,646,928 107,432 8,119,472 1,719,425 2,064,759 New England 2,019,096 30.8 1.992,996 22,074 4,026 808, 405 387,744 796, 847 Urban 1,658,1.55 30.4 1,634,413 20, 170 3,572 559,077 346,146 729,190 Rural 360,941 32.9 358, 583 1,904 454 249,328 41,598 67, 657 Middle Atlantic 5, 920, ,501 .30.7 5,770,811 138, 7,50 10,940 2,320,175 1,178,365 2,272,271 Urban 4,177,617 30. 4 4, 055, 787 113,137 8, 693 1,263,179 944,316 1,848,292 Rural 1,742,884 31.2 1,715,024 25, 013 2, 247 1,056,990 234,049 423,979 East North Central 5,604,500 30.7 5,489,013 107,170 8,317 2,613, 162 1,302,508 1,573,343 Urban .3,042,818 31.6 2,955,156 83,991 3,671 1,115.297 742,534 1,097,.325 Rural 2,561,682 29.7 2,5.33,857 23, 179 4,646 1,497,865 559,974 476,018 West North Central 3,49.3,637 30.0 3,. 398, 100 83,219 12,318 1,711,122 817,570 869,408 ! Urban 1,267,791 32.7 1,206,967 58, 938 1,886 679, 723 294,915 332,:i29 ' Rural 2,225,846 28.7 2, 191,133 24, 281 10, 432 1,131,399 522,655 .537,079 3, 071,428 25.2 2,112.547 955,364 3,517 1,841,213 120,669 1.50,66.5 U rban ' 892, 835 28.9 '641,383 2,50,083 L369 406, 228 83,620 91,635 Rural 2, 178, 593 23.9 1,471, 164 705,281 2,148 1,374,985 37,049 59, 130 East South Central 2, 096, 180 24.9 1,4,52,776 042, 460 950 1,3:17, 122 69,346 46,308 Urban 460, 715 29.3 314,122 146,339 254 237,209 47,547 29, 366 Rural 1,635, 471 23.9 1,138,654 496, 121 696 1,099,913 21,799 16,942 West South Central 2,261,366 25.7 1,755,641 488,815 16,910 1,428,8,56 154,845 171,940 Urban 589, ,580 .30. 1 463, 854 123, 640 2, 086 329. 121 68, ()1G 66,117 Rural 1,671.780 24.5 1,291,787 365,175 14,824 1,099,735 86,229 105, 823 Mountain 913,5.58 .34. 7 871 , 401 8,992 33, 165 442, 848 171,016 257.5:i7 Urban 327, 4.56 34.0 .315, .368 6,010 6,078 1.55,799 67, 451 92. 118 Rural 586, 102 .34.8 .556, 033 2,982 27,087 287, 049 103, 566 105,419 Pacific 1,618,879 38. 0 1,514,229 12,029 92, 621 708, 828 296,901 508. m Urban 924, 168 38.8 866, 808 9, 637 47, 723 386, 626 184,396 295, 780 Rural 004,711 38.4 647, 121 2, 392 44,898 322, 202 112,507 212,712 PER CENT OF TOTAL. In- Native white. dian. Chi- For- For- White. Negro. nese, Jap- Native eign eign- onese, and par- ent- mixed wliite. all other. age. par- ent- age. 90.2 9. 1 0.7 48.9 16.7 24.6 93.3 6.1 0.6 38.2 20.8 34.3 87.2 12,1 0. 8 59.4 12.6 15.1 98.7 1.1 0.2 40.0 19.2 39.5 98.6 1.2 0.2 33.7 20.9 44.0 99.3 0.5 0.1 69. 1 11.5 18.7 97.5 2.3 0.2 39.2 19.9 38.4 97.1 2.7 0,2 30.2 22.6 44.2 98.4 1.5 0.1 00.0 13.4 24.3 97.9 1.9 0.1 46.6 23.2 28.1 97. 1 2.8 0.1 36.7 24.4 36. 1 98.9 0.9 0.2 58.5 21.9 18.6 97.3 2.4 0.4 49.0 23.4 24.9 95.2 4.6 0.1 45.7 2:5.3 26.2 98.4 1.1 0.5 50.8 23.5 24.1 68.8 31. 1 0.1 59.9 ,3.9 4.9 71.8 28.0 0.2 52.2 9.4 10.3 67.5 32.4 0.1 63.1 1.7 2.7 09.3 30.0 (■) 63.8 3.3 2.9 68.2 31.8 0.1 .51.5 10.3 6.4 69.6 30.3 (') 67.3 1.3 1.0 77.6 21.6 0.7 63.2 6.8 7.6 78.7 21.0 0.4 55.8 11.6 11.2 77.3 21.8 0.9 1 65. 8 5.2 0.3 95.4 1.0 3.6 48.5 18.7 28.2 90. 3 1.8 1.9 47.6 20.6 28. 1 9-1.9 0.5 4.0 49.0 17.7 28.2 9:5.5 0.7 ■5.7 415.8 18.3 31.4 9:5.8 1.0 5.2 41.8 20.0 32.0 93.2 0.3 0. 5 46.4 10.2 30.0 > Loss than one-tenth of 1 per cent 113 MAJ.ES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Principal cities. — Statistics regarding males 21 years of age and over in cities of 100, ()0() inhabitants or more in 1910 are presented in Table 38, and similar statistics in somowbat less detail for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants are presented in Table 39. Among the cities of 100,000 mbabitants or more in 1910 there were seven in which males 21 years of age and over formed more than 35 per cent of the total popidation, namely, Kansas City, Mo., Los Angeles, Oakland, Portland, Oreg., San Francisco, Seattle, and Spokane. In New York City the percentage was 30.1, and in no city did the percentage fall below 26. Foreign-boni whites constituted at least one-half of the males 21 years of ago and over in 1910 in Bridge- port, (diicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Fall Jtiver (63.8 per cent, the highest for any city of 100,000 inhabitants or more), Lowell, New York City (57.8 per cent), Paterson, and Worcester. On the other hand, native whites of native parentage formed less than one-fifth of the total number hi Chicago, Fall River (11.3 percent), Lowell, Milwaukee, New York City (16 percent), and Paterson. The percentage of native whites of foi’eign or mixed parentage was especially high in Buffalo, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Rochester, St. Louis, and St. Paul. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE; 1910 AND 1900. Table 38 MAXES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CITY. Total. Per cent of total, population. Native white. Foreign-born white. Negro. Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 1910 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Native white. For- eign- born white. Ne- gro. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed par- entage. Albany, N. Y 32,000 28, 410 31.9 30.2 11,959 9,663 11,435 10,478 8,192 7,768 379 490 35 37.4 35.7 25.6 1.2 Atlanta, Ga 44,510 23,185 28.7 25.8 26,625 12,932 1,665 1,055 2,287 1,258 13,865 7,896 68 59.8 3.7 5.1 31.2 Baltimore, Md 163,5.54 141,271 29.3 27.8 68,492 57,502 34,895 31,997 33,638 29,515 26,214 21,806 315 41.9 21.3 20.6 16.0 Birmingham, Ala 40,699 12,246 30.7 31.9 19,493 5,825 1,811 752 2,944 973 16,441 4,689 10 47.9 4.4 7.2 40.4 Boston, Mass 208,321 • 176,068 31.1 31.4 47,806 47,733 51,139 41,701 103,160 81,058 5,070 4,441 1,146 22.9 24.5 49.5 2. 4 Bridgeport, Conn 32,991 21,952 32.3 30.9 8,402 6,516 6,945 5,066 17,114 9,943 471 357 59 25.5 21.1 51.9 1.4 Buffalo, N. Y 128,133 97,938 30.2 27.8 30,517 20,418 40,446 31,903 56,337 44,869 740 652 93 23.8 31.6 44.0 0.6 Cambridge, Mass Chicago, 111 30,262 26,864 28.9 29.2 7,048 7,636 7,093 5,985 14,636 12,004 1,384 1,131 101 23.3 23.4 48.4 4.6 700,590 511,048 32.1 30.1 125,703 103,674 175,397 121,804 379,850 271,962 17,845 12,414 1,795 17.9 25.0 54.2 2.5 Cincinnati, Ohio 113,919 92,799 31.3 28.5 37,419 22,314 42,366 38,628 26,723 26,844 7,387 4,997 24 32.8 37.2 23.5 6.5 Cleveland, Ohio 177,386 111,522 31.6 29.2 36,358 23,637 43,058 28,441 94,431 56,973 3,298 2,368 241 20.5 24.3 53.2 1.9 Columbus, Ohio 60,892 40,071 33.5 31.9 36,090 22,280 11,244 8,838 8,487 5,980 5,028 2,955 43 59.3 18.5 13.9 8.3 Dayton, Ohio 38,236 25,746 32.8 30.2 21,281 12,984 7,848 6,828 7,303 4,790 1,781 1,124 23 55.7 20.5 19.1 4.7 Denver, Colo 71,990 42,712 33.7 31.9 34,118 20,877 15,934 8,426 19,204 11,778 1,999 1,331 735 47.4 22.1 26.7 2.8 Detroit, Mich 150,017 78,855 32.2 27.6 32,653 15,830 39,761 21,426 75,323 40,216 2,224 1,372 56 21.8 26.5 50.2 1.5 Fall River, Mass 31,647 26,842 26.5 25.6 3,561 3,582 7,699 5,379 20,181 17,732 133 71 73 11.3 24.3 63.8 0.4 Grand Rapids, Mich Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J 34,295 24,906 30.5 28.4 11,792 8,279 8,527 5,745 13,689 10,683 264 192 23 34.4 24.9 39.9 0.8 76,743 52,544 32.8 31.1 45,585 27,990 13, 149 10,987 10,407 8,335 7,556 5,200 46 59.4 17.1 13.6 9.3 80,866 60,319 30.2 29.2 17,336 13,444 23,574 18,300 37, 707 27,104 2,104 1,260 145 21.4 29.2 46.6 2.6 Kansas City, Mo 87,457 53,708 35.2 32.8 51,616 29,881 13,601 8,761 13,052 9,183 9,101 5,797 87 59.0 15.6 14.9 10.4 Los Angeles, Cal 114,889 33,049 36.0 32.2 57,829 16,024 20,228 5,765 29,576 8,618 2,571 632 4,685 50.3 17.6 25.7 2.2 Louisville, Ky 67,676 59,561 30.2 29.1 28,456 20,921 17,190 16, 175 8,334 10,047 13,687 12,416 9 42.0 25.4 12.3 20.2 Lowell, Mass 31,300 27,059 29.4 28.5 5,859 6,259 7,156 5,392 18, 191 15,305 44 47 50 18.7 22.9 58.1 0.1 Memphis, Tenn 44,309 31,405 33.8 30.7 19,781 11,172 3,847 3,256 3,403 2,697 17,238 14,251 40 44.6 8.7 7.7 38.9 Milwaukee, Wis 113,106 75,020 30.3 26.3 15, 436 7,872 41,114 26,313 56,101 40,455 396 358 59 13.6 36.3 49.6 0.4 Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Term 105,305 63,711 34.9 31.4 31, '749 18, 401 27,0.53 14,422 45,159 30,227 1,227 637 117 30.1 25.7 42.9 1.2 30,774 22, 191 27.9 27.4 17,422 11,178 2,196 2,061 1,435 1,457 9,713 7,476 8 56.6 7.1 4.7 31.6 New Haven, Conn 40,510 32,566 30.3 30. 1 10,853 10,990 9,186 7,582 19, 194 13,030 1,191 863 86 26.8 22.7 47.4 2.9 New Orleans, La 96,997 75,440 28.6 26.3 33,767 18,910 24,134 22,699 13,486 13,603 25,269 19,809 341 34.8 24.9 13.9 26.1 New York, N. Y 1,433,749 1,007,670 30.1 29.3 229,362 178,900 339,611 264,205 828,793 539,746 30,855 18,651 5,128 16.0 23.7 57.8 2.2 Manhattan Borough . 727,555 553, 726 31.2 29.9 99, 114 83,850 142,087 129, 061 461,246 324,651 21,279 11,638 3,829 13.6 19.5 63.4 2.9 Bronx Borough 126,935 57, 802 29.5 28.8 19, 547 10, 029 37,256 17,470 68,676 29,346 1,269 757 187 15.4 29.4 54.1 1.0 Brooklyn Borough . . 470, 386 332, 715 28.8 28.5 86, 752 70, 794 127, 157 99,823 248,544 155,600 7,011 5,275 922 18. 4 27.0 52.8 1.5 Queens Borough 82, 373 43.170 29.0 28.2 16, 724 8, 461 26,206 12,503 38, 360 21,383 959 681 134 20.3 31.8 46.6 1.2 Richmond Borough. . 26,500 20,257 30.8 30.2 7,225 5,766 6,905 5,348 11,977 8,766 337 300 56 27.3 26.1 45.2 1.3 Newark, N. J 103,234 70,558 29.7 28.7 24,386 17,656 25,938 19,195 49,674 31,483 3,015 1,966 221 23.6 25.1 48.1 2.9 Oakland, Cal 53,967 20,851 35.9 31.1 17,046 6,987 12,783 4,863 19,334 7,701 1,238 355 3, 566 31.6 23.7 35.8 2.3 Omaha, Nebr 43,216 34,620 34.8 33.8 17,601 15,002 9,874 6,883 13,788 11,383 1,885 1,257 68 40.7 22.8 31.9 4.4 Paterson, N. J 36,873 29,648 29.4 28.2 7,115 5,774 9,046 6,923 20, 182 16,475 -453 356 77 19.3 24.5 54.7 1.2 Philadelphia, Pa 468,813 386,953 30.3 29.9 160,396 141,741 112,186 96,070 167,072 127,915 28,120 20,095 1,039 34.2 23.9 35.6 6.0 Pittsburgh, Pa.> 166,424 136,421 31.2 30.2 45,933 37,060 40,737 35,507 70, 148 55,958 9,362 7,719 244 27.6 24.5 42.2 5.6 Portland, Oreg 88,908 38,353 42.9 42.4 41,408 13,886 15,283 6,312 25,230 9,636 525 386 6,462 46.6 17.2 28.4 0.6 Providence, R. I 68,983 53,131 30.8 30.3 17,920 16,755 16, 192 11,759 32,863 22,868 1,765 1,500 243 26.0 23.5 47.6 2.6 Richmond, Va 37,204 23, 436 29.2 27.6 19,551 11,799 2,320 1,745 2,040 1,401 13,279 8,472 14 52.6 6.2 5.5 35.7 Rochester, N. Y 69,5^4 45,395 31.9 27.9 20, 467 12, 459 21,683 15,508 27,067 17,242 305 175 42 29.4 31.2 38.9 0.4 St. Louis, Mo 221,913 171,798 32.3 29.9 67,002 42,588 74,623 61,948 63,440 55,223 16,381 11,727 467 30.2 33.6 28.6 7.4 St. Paul, Minn 72,073 51,027 33.6 31.3 18,5.59 13,102 22,832 14,407 29,048 22,435 1,573 1,051 61 25.8 31.7 40.3 2.2 San Francisco, Cal 175,951 128,985 42.2 37.6 41,619 27, 179 46,740 33,579 75, 768 56, 102 831 619 10,993 23.7 26.6 43.1 0.5 Scranton, Pa 37,059 28,075 28.5 27.5 8,759 6,170 10,617 8,056 17,461 13,629 216 207 6 23.6 28.6 47.1 0.6 Seattle, Wash 101,685 39,503 42.9 49.0 41,632 19,634 17,323 5,442 36,097 11,521 1,204 169 5,429 40.9 17.0 35.5 1.2 Spokane, Wash 40,254 14,944 38.6 40.6 18,893 7,259 8,147 2,857 12,389 4,324 305 169 520 46.9 20.2 30.8 0.8 Syracuse, N. Y 44,713 32,499 32.6 30.0 17,377 11,826 11,940 9,883 14,944 10, 404 437 356 15 38.9 26.7 33.4 1.0 Toledo, Ohio 52,748 38,257 31.3 29.0 21,209 13,919 14,955 10,859 15,826 12,843 719 606 39 40.2 28.4 30.0 1.4 Washington, D. C 103,761 83,823 31.3 30.1 49,949 39,557 14,078 11,161 11,738 9,600 27,621 23,072 375 48.1 13.6 11.3 26.6 Worcester, Mass 45,601 35,743 31.2 30.2 12,343 11,319 9,988 7,441 22,816 16,541 384 339 70 27.1 21.9 50.0 0.8 72497°— 13 8 ‘ Includes population of Allegheny lor 1900. 114 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, WITH CITIZENSHIP OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910. Vablc axY. MALES 21 YEAnS OF AGE AND OVER. PER CENT OF TOTAL: 1910 POKEIGN-BORN WHITE MALES 21 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER: 1910 Total. Native white: 1910 Foreign- born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 Indian, Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 Native white. For- eign- bom white. Ne- gro. Natural- ized. Hav- ing first papers. Alien. Citizen- ship not re- ported. ISHO 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed par- ent- age. Alabama Mobile 15,014 10,645 5,376 1,815 1,228 6,578 17 35.8 12.1 8.2 43.8 652 68 328 180 Montgomery 10, 789 7, 792 4,971 429 394 4,988 7 40.1 4.0 3.7 46.2 201 15 50 128 Arkansas Little Rock 14,801 11,744 7,668 1,466 1,066 4,592 9 51.8 9.9 7.2 31.0 629 52 117 268 California Berkeley 12,622 3,734 5,363 2,822 3,627 56 754 42.5 22.4 28.7 0.4 2,096 339 854 338 Pasadena 9,262 2,675 5,509 1,459 1,772 227 295 59.5 15.8 19.1 2.5 1,101 125 402 144 Sacramento 18, 777 10,914 6,972 4,437 5,331 207 1,830 37.1 23.6 28.4 1. 1 2,424 402 1,779 726 San Diego 14,824 5,885 7,853 2,461 3,845 232 433 63.0 16.6 25.9 1.6 2,057 190 936 062 San Jose 9, 761 6,586 3,837 2,370 2,963 66 525 39.3 24.3 30.4 0.7 1,637 181 812 333 Colorado Colorado Springs 9,213 6,773 5,877 1,539 1,434 3.38 25 63.8 16.7 15.6 3.7 748 83 279 324 Pueblo 10,814 10, 142 8,953 2, 310 4,777 581 193 53.2 13.7 28.4 3.5 1,773 230 1,991 783 Connecticut Hartford 31, 121 26,631 9,615 6,945 13,975 501 85 30.9 22.3 44.9 1.6 6,294 1,112 5,751 818 Meriden town 9,445 8,272 2,408 2,650 4, 346 29 12 25.5 28.1 46.0 0.3 2,308 348 1,280 410 Meriden city 7,998 7,040 2,027 2,2S8 3,690 29 12 26.4 28.0 46.1 0.4 1,931 312 1,116 331 New Britain 13, 984 8,041 2,426 2,675 8,843 25 15 17.3 19.1 63.2 0.2 3,054 693 4,476 620 Norwich town 8,292 7,035 2,499 2,026 3,558 191 18 30.1 24.4 42.9 2.3 1,456 185 1,677 240 Stamford town 8,947 5,548 3, 149 1,699 3,979 96 24 35.2 19.0 44.5 1.1 1,486 326 1,739 428 Stamford city 7,638 4,602 2,471 1,472 3,679 93 93 32.4 19.3 46.9 1.2 1,317 281 1,690 391 Waterbury 22,801 13,558 5,085 4,965 12,463 252 36 22.3 21.8 54.7 1.1 4,662 595 6,598 608 Delaware Wilmington 27,519 23, 157 13,253 4,511 6,754 2,981 20 48.2 16.4 24.5 10.8 2,872 520 2,671 691 Florida Jacksonville 19,392 8, 183 7,490 881 1,308 9,652 61 38.6 4.5 6.7 49.8 587 69 276 376 Tampa 11,691 4,939 3,574 750 4,407 2,926 34 30.6 6.4 37.7 25.0 919 175 2,765 548 f Georgia 1 Augusta 11,949 10,346 5,739 603 498 5,067 42 48.0 5.0 4.2 42.4 261 32 94 111 Macon 11,647 6,088 5,933 340 381 4,988 5 50.9 2.9 3.3 42.8 161 21 72 127 Savannah 19,557 15, 994 6,329 1,529 1,709 9,962 28 32.4 7.8 8.7 50.9 938 121 357 293 Illinois Aurora 9,711 7,042 3,537 2,505 3,566 100 3 36.4 25.8 36.7 1.0 1,795 171 1, 150 450 Bloomington 8,009 6,828 4,212 1,907 1,612 272 6 52.6 23.8 20.1 3.4 1, 152 53 137 270 Danville 8,514 5,016 5,533 1,437 1,005 526 13 65.0 16.9 11.8 6.2 727 46 60 172 Decatm' 9,703 6,057 6, 766 1,540 1,127 260 10 69.7 15.9 11.6 2.7 694 53 no 270 East St. Louis 21,005 9,841 8,930 4,041 5,729 2,286 19 42.5 19.2 27.3 10.9 1,613 374 2,701 1,041 Elgin 7,910 6,353 2,788 2,404 2,651 56 11 35.2 30.4 '33.5 0.7 1,608 127 280 636 Joliet 11,477 8,932 2,426 2,971 5,877 195 8 21.1 25.9 51.2 1.7 2,483 284 2,671 439 Peoria 23,054 18, 104 11,482 6,248 4,661 644 19 49.8 27. 1 20.2 2.8 2,598 191 1,020 852 Quincy 11,388 10,276 4,785 4,230 1,807 555 11 42.0 37.1 15.9 4.9 1,342 21 51 393 Rockford 15,014 8,856 4,497 3,333 7, 102 74 8 30.0 22.2 47.3 0.5 4,094 625 1,822 .561 Springfield 16,090 9,913 7,747 3,952 3,356 1,021 14 48.1 24.6 20.9 6.3 1,940 242 454 720 Indiana Evansville 21,443 16, 756 10,818 6,090 2,289 2,242 4 50.5 28.4 10.7 10.5 1,683 132 115 359 Fort Wayne 19,678 12,595 9,702 5,964 3,785 215 12 49.3 30.3 19.2 1.1 2,459 363 516 447 South Bend 16,566 10, 402 6,584 2,950 6,787 225 20 39.7 17.8 41.0 1.4 2,226 2,434 1,.309 818 Terre Haute 18, 609 11,089 12,553 3,075 2,057 906 18 67.5 16.5 11.1 4.9 1,080 164 229 584 Iowa Cedar Rapids 10,387 7,462 5,119 2,5,54 2,619 93 2 49.3 24.6 25.2 0.9 1,531 18.5 416 487 8, 397 G, 627 3, 187 2,453 2,615 142 38.0 29.2 31. 1 1.7 1,697 98 540 280 Council Bluffs 9, 439 7,643 4; 826 2,034 2; 309 160 110 51.1 21.5 24.5 1.7 L302 94 519 394 Davenport 13, 703 10,372 4,336 5,007 4, 132 224 4 31.0 36.5 30.2 1.6 2,597 264 488 783 Des Moines 27,359 18,911 15,976 5,088 5,231 1,043 21 58.4 18.6 19.1. 3.8 2,807 280 893 1,251 Dubuque 11,983 10,977 3,308 5, 402 3,220 47 6 27.6 45.1 26.9 0.4 2,281 120 410 409 Sioux City 16,932 10,082 7,224 3,801 5,781 122 4 42.7 22.4 34. 1 0.7 2,408 459 1,821 1,093 Waterloo 8,945 3,880 5,360 2,076 1,494 14 1 59.9 23.2 16.7 0.2 650 64 416 364 Kansas Kansas City 26,562 15,589 14,227 3,514 5,710 3,088 23 5.3.6 13.2 21.5 11.0 2,427 642 1,734 907 Topeka 13,977 9,657 8,496 1,987 2, 123 1,364 7 60.8 14.2 15.2 9.8 1,115 133 413 462 Wichita 17,788 7,442 13,054 2,250 1,591 880 13 73.4 12.6 8.9 4.9 053 88 353 497 Kentucky Covington 15,585 11,598 7,645 5,082 1,885 961 12 49.1 32.6 12.1 6.2 1, 435 88 88 274 Lexington 11,081 7,719 6,498 692 509 3,379 3 58.6 6.2 4.0 30.5 330 22 78 79 8, 786 7,702 3, 483 3,602 1,534 167 39.6 41.0 17.5 1.9 1,009 86 190 249 Louisiana Shreveport 8,635 4,693 3,896 4£)3 525 3, 704 17 45. 1 5.7 6.1 42.9 248 6 111 160 Maine •Lewiston 7,207 6,307 2,381 1,356 3,502 18 10 32.8 18.7 48.2 0.2 1,406 57 1,558 481 Portland 18,447 15, 433 10,208 3,094 5,023 80 42 65.3 16.8 27.2 0.4 2,222 252 1,811 738 Massachusetts Brockton 17,905 12,357 7, 198 3,494 7,033 151 29 40.2 19.5 39.3 0.8 3,167 6x82 2, 909 275 Brookline town 7,340 5,:i36 3,424 1,543 2,307 50 22 46.6 21.0 31.4 0.7 1,274 138 72:1 172 Chelsea io;n2 10, 198 2, 436 1,699 5,883 66 28 24. 1 10.8 58.2 0.7 2, 133 647 2,840 263 Chicopee 7,072 5, 476 1,121 1,612 4,330 3 6 15. 9 22.8 61.2 (>) 1,280 167 2,734 149 Everett 9,561 7,048 3, 449 1,808 4,086 204 15 36. 1 18.9 42.7 2. 1 2,228 294 1,363 200 Fitchburg lli027 9,102 2,935 2,128 5,9.33 20 11 26. 6 19.3 53.8 0.2 1,950 382 3,189 412 Haverhill 13, .5:13 11,182 6,069 2, .377 4,9:S6 120 31 44.8 17.6 36.5 0. 9 1,915 340 2, 540 141 Holyoke 15, ,528 11,791 2,239 3,806 9,457 10 16 14.4 24.5 00.9 0. 1 3, 765 418 4,615 6,59 Lawrence 25,983 17,813 3, 113 .5,274 17,414 128 54 12.0 20.3 67.0 0.5 6, .588 078 9,608 ,540 Lynn 29. 171 21,485 11,107 5,642 12,038 218 106 38.3 19.3 41.3 0.7 4,931 978 6,522 607 1 Less than one-tonth of 1 per cent. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER 115 MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, WITH CITIZENSUIR OF FORETGN-BORN WHITES, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS; 1910— (^onUmicd. Table 39 -CouUiiued. MALES 21 YEARS OF AOE AND OVER . PER CENT OF TOTAL : 1910 PORElGN-nORN WHITE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER : 1910 CITY . Total. Native white: 1910 Indian, Chi- Native white. 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Foreign- born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 nese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed par- ent- age. For- eign- born white. Ne- gro. Natural- ized. Hav- ing first papers. Alien. Citizen- ship not re- ported. Massachusetts— Continued . Malden 12,218 9,496 4,379 2,298 5,404 119 20 35.8 18.8 44.2 1.0 2,941 536 1,739 188 New Bedford 28,263 17, 162 5,778 4,353 17, 151 934 47 20.4' 15.4 00.7 3.3 6,441 788 10,084 838 Newton 10,817 9,265 4,615 2,011 4,061 100 30 42.7 18.6 37.5 0.9 1,829 310 1,689 233 Pittsfield 10,236 6,187 3,936 2,985 3, 176 103 36 38.5 29.2 31.0 1.0 1,549 135 1,353 139 Quincy 9,820 6,916 2,787 1,997 4,996 15 25 28.4 20.3 50.9 0.2 2,367 627 1,922 180 Salem 12,629 10,097 3,869 2,980 5,690 53 31 30.6 23.6 45.1 0.4 2,443 221 2, 798 234 Somerville 22,883 18, 148 9,226 4,728 8,814 54 61 40.3 20.7 38.5 0.2 4,263 671 3,403 477 Springfield Taunton 27,360 18,473 10,906 6,008 9,942 450 54 39.9 22.0 36.3 1.6 4,182 792 4,520 448 10,236 9,215 3,511 2,421 4,206 91 7 34.3 23.7 41.1 0.9 1,506 117 2,200 383 Waltham 7,952 6,669 3,015 1,834 3,068 9 26 37.9 23.1 38.6 0.1 1,525 216 1,146 181 Michigan Battle Creek 8,429 5,798 5,569 1,396 1,259 197 8 66.1 16.6 14.9 2.3 570 64 324 301 Bay City 12,654 7,259 3,000 4,376 5,213 62 3 23.7 34.6 41.2 0.5 4,009 262 634 308 Flint 15, 107 4,027 7,741 3,582 3,628 147 9 51.2 23.7 24.0 1.0 1,579 196 1,719 134 Jackson 10,768 8,211 5,957 2,461 2,182 155 13 55.3 22.9 20.3 1.4 1,180 119 612 271 Kalamazoo 12,588 7,461 6,514 2,662 3,149 254 9 51.7 21. 1 25.0 2.0 1,505 134 719 791 Lansing 10,757 4, 664 6,523 2,109 2,006 113 6 60.6 19.6 18.6 1.1 1,029 137 610 230 Saginaw 15,347 11,838 4,326 5,303 5,584 127 7 28.2 34.6 36.4 0.8 3,799 166 717 902 Minnesota Duluth 30,066 18,937 5,864 6,301 17,663 198 40 19.5 21.0 58.7 0.7 8,359 2,172 4,774 2,358 Missouri Joplin 9,921 8,300 8, 131 978 525 282 5 82.0 9.9 5.3 2.8 350 18 53 104 St. Joseph 26,051 34,374 15,755 4,401 4,281 1,598 16 60.5 16.9 16.4 6.1 2,266 305 956 764 Springfield 10,516 6,469 8, 188 1, 107 638 583 77.9 10.5 6.1 5.5 364 16 31 227 Montana Butte 16,037 13,387 4, 170 3,677 7,825 117 248 26.0 22.9 48.8 0.7 4,662 786 1,657 720 Nebraska Lincoln 13,923 12,528 8,122 2,386 3,101 302 12 58.3 17.1 22.3 2.2 1,372 803 610 316 South Omaha 8,677 9,880 2,303 1,509 4,377 313 175 26.5 17.4 50.4 3.6 1,956 663 1,302 456 New Hampshire Manchester 19,730 15,395 4,768 3,444 11,486 13 19 24.2 17.5 58.2 0.1 4,566 442 4,845 1,633 Nashua 7,763 6,706 2,672 1,333 3,748 5 5 34.4 17.2 48.3 0.1 1,190 75 2, 199 284 New Jersey Atlantic City 15,626 9,368 7,056 1,748 2,996 3,756 70 45.2 11.2 19.2 24.0 1,170 312 822 692 Bayonne 16,453 9,308 2,748 3,396 10, 109 166 34 16.7 20.6 61.4 1.0 3,364 719 5,290 736 Camden 28,826 22,249 14,374 5,053 7,397 1,945 57 49.9 17.5 25.7 6.7 3,041 486 2,952 918 East Orange 9,764 5,774 5,106 2, 132 2,079 422 25 52.3 21.8 21.3 4.3 1,187 121 436 335 EUzabeth 22,606 15,191 4,979 5,488 11,713 400 26 22.0 24.3 51.8 1.8 5,036 1,077 4,572 1,028 Hoboken 22,320 17,089 3,138 5,539 13,562 39 42 14. 1 24.8 60.8 0.2 5,796 1^7 5,238 1,081 Orange 8,493 6,649 2,019 2,073 3,660 720 21 23.8 24.4 43.1 8.5 1,822 324 1,191 323 Passaic 14,924 7,552 1,861 1,961 10,920 156 26 12.5 13.1 73.2 1.0 2,967 747 5,231 1,975 Perth Amboy 9,994 5,782 1,416 1,316 7,201 50 11 14.2 13.2 72.1 0.5 2,231 489 3,913 508 Trenton 31,203 22, 110 11,629 5,479 12,938 1,124 33 37.3 17.6 41.5 3.6 5,253 943 5,736 1,006 West Hoboken town 10,273 6,403 1,279 2,774 6,177 20 23 12.5 27.0 60.1 0.2 2,905 789 1,728 755 New York Amsterdam 9,501 6,009 3,031 1,739 4,691 33 7 31.9 18.3 49.4 0.3 1,808 252 2,310 321 Auburn 11,949 10,084 4,875 3,060 3,788 213 13 40.8 25.6 31.7 1.8 1,743 209 1,680 156 Binghamton 15,666 12, 189 9,460 2,644 3,310 244 8 60.4 16.9 21.1 1.6 1,260 238 1,060 752 Elmira 11,991 11,349 6,598 2,705 2,494 183 11 55.0 22.6 20.8 1.5 1,648 94 669 83 Jamestown 10,023 6,738 3,201 1,747 5,035 39 1 31.9 17.4 50.2 0.4 2,741 453 1,095 746 Kingston 7,558 6,804 3,769 2,003 1,587 197 2 49.9 26.5 21.0 2.6 955 82 3.52 198 Mount Vernon • 8,854 5,758 2,849 2,138 3,612 236 21 32.2 24.1 40.8 2.7 1,950 341 1,150 171 New Rochelle 8,942 4,454 2,534 1,939 4,000 445 24 28.3 21.7 44.7 5.0 1,979 559 1,332 130 Newbur^ Niagara Falls 8,471 7,056 3,925 2, 106 2,241 189 10 46.3 24.9 26.5 2.2 1,125 109 550 457 10,352 6,478 2,397 2,078 5,755 118 4 23.2 20.1 55.6 1.1 2,082 373 2,892 408 Poughkeepsie 8,682 7,190 4,374 1,969 2,122 211 6 50.4 22.7 24.4 2.4 994 130 487 511 Schenectady 25,073 11,093 10,490 4,877 9,562 85 59 41.8 19.5 38. 1 0.3 3,856 741 4,071 894 Troy 22,483 17,038 8,007 7,682 6,554 226 14 35.6 34.2 29.2 1.0 4,388 186 1,419 561 Utica 22,679 16,216 6,902 6,300 9,341 135 1 30.4 27.8 41.2 0.6 4,326 542 3,662 811 Watertown 8,584 6,782 4,077 1,673 2,798 30 6 47.5 19.5 32.0 0.3 1,050 131 1,255 362 Yonkers 23,533 13,385 5, 464 5,215 12,295 501 58 23.2 22.2 52.2 2.1 5,029 1,110 5,060 496 North Carolina Charlotte 9,025 4,557 5,820 162 240 2,801 2 64.5 1.8 2.7 31.0 100 28 51 61 Wilmington 7,129 5,373 3,566 229 259 3,066 9 50.0 3.2 3.6 43.0 142 9 38 70 Ohio Akron 23,707 12,620 11,931 4, 541 7,051 238 6 50.2 19. 1 29.7 1.0 2,459 317 3, 198 1,077 Canton 16,874 8,818 8,548 3, 178 5,010 129 9 50.7 18.8 29.7 0.8 2,005 203 2,575 227 Hamilton 10, 956 7, 148 5,907 3,040 1,703 297 3 53.9 27.8 15.5 2.7 1,042 78 339 244 Lima 9,376 6,459 6,832 1,391 818 329 6 72.9 14.8 8.7 3.5 470 24 117 207 Lorain 10, 177 5,825 2,393 1,445 6,216 121 2 23.5 14.2 01.1 1.2 1,496 459 3,518 743 Newark 8,336 5,451 5,618 1,358 1,236 117 7 67.4 16.3 14.8 1.4 350 45 536 305 Springfield Youngstown 15,361 11,780 9, 193 2,760 1,662 1,735 11 59.8 18.0 10.8 11.3 916 38 , 249 459 28, 157 13,591 7,795 5,533 14,027 785 17 27.7 19.7 49.8 2.8 4,268 661 7,543 1,565 Zanesville 8,698 6,857 5,983 1,428 859 424 4 68.8 10.4 9.9 4.9 348 27 286 198 Oklahoma Muskogee 8,808 1,321 5,363 575 344 2,404 62 60.9 6.5 3.9 28.0 117 12 50 165 Oklahoma City 24,736 3,043 17,615 2,490 2, 122 2,392 117 71.2 10.1 8.6 9.7 848 102 607 565 Pennsylvania 178 Allentown 15,232 10, 160 10,864 1,612 2,705 47 4 71.3 10.6 17.8 0.3 904 257 1,366 Altoona 15,708 10,923 10,648 2, 129 2,757 165 9 67.8 13.0 17.6 1. 1 1,083 201 1,116 357 Chester 12,336 10,095 4,908 2,320 3,476 1,615 17 39.8 18.8 28.2 13. 1 1,137 106 1,828 405 Easton 8,750 7,455 5,817 1,381 1,452 95 5 60.5 15.8 16.6 1. 1 646 74 688 44 Erie 20,095 15,485 6,428 5,964 7,562 134 7 32.0 29.7 37.0 0.7 3,348 410 2,704 1,100 Harrisburg 1 20, 171 14,687 14,785 1,842 1,979 1,550 15 73.3 9.1 9.8 7.7 917 121 872 69 116 ABSTRACT OF THl^] CENSUS— POPULATION. MALES 21 YEARS OE AGE AND OVER, WITH CITIZENSHH’ OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: l— C oiilimieii. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. PER CENT or total: 1910 rOREIGN-BORN WHITE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 CITY. Total. Native white: 1910 Indian, Chi- Nalive white. Citizen- ship, not re- ported. 1910 1900 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Foreign- bom white: 1910 Negro: 1910 nese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 Na- tive par- ent- age. For- eign or mixed par- ent- age. For- eign- bora white. Ne- gro. Natural- ized. Hav- ing first papers. Alien. Pennsylvania— Continued. Hazleton 6.724 3,656 1,719 2,014 2,972 11 8 25.6 30.0 44.2 0.2 1,457 119 1,154 242 ■Tolinstown 18,808 10,968 6,709 2,672 9.225 185 17 35. 7 14.2 49.0 1.0 1,621 190 6,951 463 Lancaster 13, 492 11,228 9,555 2, 181 1,472 275 9 70.8 16.2 10.9 2.0 1,028 68 319 57 McKeesport 12,840 9,812 3,768 2,265 6,551 248 8 29.3 17.6 51.0 1.9 2,548 410 3,196 397 New Castle 11,822 8,813 5.318 1,594 4.707 189 14 45. 0 13.5 .39.8 1.6 1,326 292 2,800 289 Norrislown borough 8,619 6.714 5, 149 1,462 1,691 311 6 59.7 17.0 19. 6 3.6 477 80 597 537 Reading 29,041 22,516 21,506 2,707 4,528 295 5 74. 1 9.3 15. 6 1.0 1 . 4.30 214 2,675 209 Shenandoah borough 8,028 6,449 881 1,199 5,942 1 5 11.0 14,9 74.0 (') 1,750 294 3, 692 206 Wilkes-Barre 18,934 13.5,57 5,656 5, 129 7.899 246 4 29. 9 27.1 41.7 1.3 3, 754 396 3,108 641 Williamspori 9,214 7,782 6, 148 1,653 1,153 259 1 66. 7 17.9 12.5 2.8 723 69 227 134 York 13, 331 9,492 10,904 1,163 829 373 2 82.2 8.7 6,2 2,8 508 40 215 66 Rhode Island Newport 8,648 6,811 3,105 2,113 2,925 480 25 35.9 24.4 33.8 .5.6 1.672 310 682 201 Pawtucket 15,001 11,075 3,366 4,078 7, 523 68 26 22.3 27. 1 50.0 0,5 4,017 562 2,201 743 Warwick town 7,636 5.901 2,287 1,561 3.726 58 4 30. 0 20.4 48.8 0.8 1,581 106 1,514 525 Woonsocket 10,422 7,363 1,432 2,433 6, .540 7 10 13.7 23.3 62.8 0. 1 2,300 256 3,353 631 South Carolina Charleston 16, 107 14. 167 5,477 1,454 1,282 7,881 13 34.0 9.0 8.0 48.9 678 92 255 257 Columbia 7,605 5,949 4,110 191 227 3,076 1 54.0 2.5 3.0 40.4 10,3 3 63 58 Tennessee Chattanooga 14,299 9.133 7,262 645 690 5,700 2 50.8 4.5 4.8 39.9 361 51 94 184 Knoxville 10,, 591 9.015 7,429 484 380 2,297 1 70. 1 4.6 3.6 21.7 193 13 50 124 Texas Austin 8, 612 6.227 4,489 947 1.240 1,929 7 52. 1 11.0 14.4 22.4 583 26 167 464 Dallas 29,864 12,843 18, 674 2,527 2,811 5,830 22 62.5 8.5 9. 4 19.5 1,504 134 463 710 El Paso 11,791 5,032 5,058 1,390 4,640 486 217 42. 9 11.8 39.4 4. 1 988 201 2,445 1,006 Fort Worth 25,193 8,323 16,301 1,776 2,541 4,513 62 64. 7 7.0 10. 1 17.9 963 97 849 632 Galveston 12, 753 11,097 3.584 2,966 3,503 2,654 46 28. 1 23.3 27.5 20, 8 1,962 480 699 362 Houston 25,935 13,816 11,853 3,352 3,466 7,240 24 45.7 12.9 13.4 27.9 1,754 239 746 727 San Antonio 27,979 14,490 11,941 5,700 7,3.54 2,917 67 42.7 20.4 26.3 10.4 3,114 272 2,223 1,745 Waco 7,, 375 5,641 4,582 484 656 1, 636 17 62.1 6.6 8.9 22.2 387 27 72 170 Utah Ogden 7,680 4,082 2,879 2,210 2, 103 110 378 37.5 28.8 27.4 1.4 1,130 141 518 314 Salt Lake City 28,640 13,639 10,471 8,663 8,675 369 462 36.6 30.2 30.3 1.3 4,335 958 1,990 1,392 Virginia Lynchburg 7,848 4, .599 5,146 217 250 2,232 3 65.6 2.8 3.2 28.4 130 15 83 22 Norfolk 20,907 13,968 10,221 953 1,820 7,864 49 48 9 4.6 8.7 37.6 931 151 565 173 Portsmouth 10,623 5,361 5,872 740 604 3,394 13 65.3 7.0 5.7 31.9 349 55 75 125 Roanoke 10, 144 5,791 7,389 271 414 2,066 4 72.8 2.7 4. 1 20. 4 212 30 117 55 Washington Tacoma 32,910 14,005 13, 791 5,644 12,191 351 933 41.9 17.1 37.0 1. 1 5,808 1,171 3,544 1,668 West Virginia Himtington 9,349 3,385 7,871 412 304 752 10 84.2 4.4 3.3 8.0 175 12 43 74 Wheeling 12,822 11,122 5,748 3,927 2,679 461 7 44.8 30.6 20.9 3.6 1,41.3 95 743 428 Wisconsin Green Bay 6,884 4,766 1,459 3,319 2,078 14 14 21.2 48.2 30.2 0.2 1,524 205 131 218 La Crosse 8,729 7,825 7,577 5,708 2, 159 2,582 3,587 3,021 2,965 2, 105 18 47 24. 7 41. 1 34.0 26.9 0. 2 1.7,59 1, 174 524 276 400 Madtson 70 33.0 38.6 0.6 179 338 414 Oshkosh 9,440 7,513 2,225 3,582 3,598 27 8 23. 6 37.9 38. 1 0.3 2, 106 519 419 554 Racine 12, 478 8,283 2,160 3,682 6,590 42 4 17.3 29.5 52.8 0.3 2,834 1,215 2,011 530 Sheboygan 7,807 6,044 751 2, 695 4,3,59 1 1 9.6 34. 5 5,5.8 (') 2,061 721 991 586 Superior 15,378 11,320 3,853 3,206 8,201 68 50 25. 1 20. 8 5.3.3 0.4 3.735 1,323 2,220 923 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Citizenship of foreign-born white males.-— Statistics as to the citizenship of foreign -born wdiite males 21 years of age and over, as enumerated in 1910, are given in Table 40. Of tlie 6,646,817 foreign-born white males 21 years of age and over in the United States in 1910, 45.6 per cent were reported as naturalized, 8.6 per cent as having taken out their first naturalization papers, and 34.1 per cent as aliens, while for 11.7 per cent no report as to citizenship was secured. As already stated, it is probable that much the larger proportion of this last group are aliens. Nevertheless, on account of the marked variat ions in the relative numbers of those for whom there were no reports regarding (dtizenship in the different states and geo- graphic divisions, comparisons of the percentiiges for those naturalized, those having first papers, and aliens are somewhat unsatisfactory. It is evident, however, that in those geographic divisions in which a large part of the foreign-born population consists of recent immigrants — notably the New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, Mountain, and Pacific divisions — the proportion of the foreign-born white males of 21 years and over who are naturalized is much lower than in the divisions which have a relatively smaller proportion of recent immigrants, particularly the East North Central and West North Central. Many of these immigrants have been here too short a time to become natiiialized. Among the states West Virginia had the lowest pro- portion naturalized (20.9 percent), Arizona and Maine coming next. The proportion naturalized excec'ded three-fifths in Kentucky, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minne- sota. Among the geographic divisions the Middle Atlantic had the lowest percentage naturalized (38.7). FEMALES 21 YEARS OF AGK AND OVEl^ 117 Tultle -lO K)REIClN-nORN WHITE MAI.ES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND over; lino DIVISION AND STATE. Naturalized. Having first papers. Alien. Citizen.ship not reported. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. N um- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. For cent. United States . . 3,034, 117 46.6 570,772 8.6 2,266,636 34.1 776,393 11.7 OEOGRAPinC Divs.: New Knuland 323,994 40.7 48,508 6.1 360, 161 4.5.9 58,184 7.3 Middle Atlantic 879,348 38.7 202,012 8.9 96.5,101 42.5 225, 81C 9.9 East NortU Central 812,489 51.6 148,254 9.4 42(),278 27.1 186,322 11.8 W est Nor th Central 510, 918 68.8 76,934 8.8 144,177 16.6 137, 379 15.8 South Atlantic 01,134 40.6 8,997 6.0 57, 127 37.9 23, 407 15.6 East South Central 25,956 56.0 2,220 4.8 8,647 18.7 9,486 20.5 West South Central 70,765 41.2 10,071 5.9 52,853 30.7 38,251 22.2 Mountain 113,670 44.1 23,219 9.0 85,619 3.3.2 35,029 13.6 Pacific 2.36,844 46.4 .50, 557 9.9 100, 572 31.6 61,525 12.1 New England: Maine 14,994 30.9 1,490 3.1 23,672 48.8 8,-308 17.1 New Hampshire. . . 16,415 39.1 1,421 3.4 19,377 46.2 4,743 11.3 Vermont 10,811 4.5.5 1,164 4.9 9,652 40.6 2,132 9.0 Massachusetts 189, 126 41.7 30,016 6.6 212,033 46.7 22, 426 4.9 Rhode Island 32,04(1 42.2 5,314 7.0 31,996 42.2 6,549 8.6 Connecticut 60,008 39.6 9,103 .5.9 69,4,31 45.3 14,026 9.2 Middle Atlantic: New York 502,083 41.1 131,085 10.7 475,259 38.9 112,586 9.2 New Jersey 128,438 41.5 24,511 7.9 122,076 39.4 34,623 11.2 Pennsylvania 248,827 3.3.6 46,416 6.3 307, 766 49.6 78,001 10.6 E. North Central: Ohio 142,465 40.2 17,509 5.7 113,8.56 36.9 34,648 11.2 Indiana 42,533 47.8 13,320 15.0 18, .354 20.6 14, 72C 16.6 Illinois 317,339 52.5 43,482 7.2 174,581 28.9 69, 122 11.4 Michistan 107,304 55.4 26,235 8.7 76,550 25.3 32,088 10.6 Wisconsin 142,848 53.1 47,708 17.7 42,937 15.9 35,744 1.3. 3 W. North Central: Minnesota 179, 187 60.1 26,222 8.8 ,58, 132 19.5 .34.741 11.6 Iowa 90,573 61.7 6,6.54 4.5 20,275 13.8 29,378 20.0 Missouri 65,612 54.0 10.117 8.3 2.5,835 21.3 19,840 16.3 North Dakota 46, a36 58.5 9,824 12.3 10,905 13.8 12,296 15.4 South Dakota 32, 495 59.6 8,020 14.7 4,376 8.0 9,637 17.7 Nebraska .57,270 60.7 9,924 10.5 12,347 13.1 14,804 15.7 Kansas .39,145 52.7 6,173 8.3 12,247 16.5 16, 683 22.5 South Atlantic: Delaware 3,707 42.2 658 7.5 3, 189 30.3 1,222 13.9 Marvland 24,256 50.6 3,278 0.8 13,57.3 28.3 6,866 14.3 Dist. of Columbia. . 0, 474 5.5.2 1,0.58 9.0 2,304 19.6 1,902 16.2 Virginia 0,411 43.1 859 5.8 4,693 31.5 2,919 19.6 West Virginia 7,203 20.9 1,358 ,3.9 22,545 65.0 3,521 10.2 North Carolina 1,439 43.7 194 5.9 827 2.5.1 8.36 25.4 South Carolina 1,602 47.7 184 5. 5 7.39 22.0 830 24.7 Georgia 4,02.3 47.3 625 7.3 1,846 21.7 2,019 23.7 Florida 5,9,59 34.2 783 4.5 7,411 42.5 3,292 18.9 E. South Central: Kentucky 13,225 04.7 81.5 4.0 2,754 13.5 3,646 17.8 Tennessee 5,444 53.8 464 4.0 1,807 18.5 2,337 2.3. 1 Alabama 4,841 46.0 684 6.5 2,793 26.5 2,203 20.9 Mississippi 2,445 40.7 257 4.9 1,233 23.6 1,300 24.8 W. South Central: .lirkansas 5,284 54.4 595 6.1 1,388 14.3 2,4.51 25.2 Louisiana 10,024 37.8 1,166 4.4 9,151 34.5 0,178 23.3 Oklahoma 12,074 51.3 1,477 0.3 4,449 18.9 5,551 23.6 Texas 43, ,383 38.7 0,833 6.1 .37,865 33.8 24,071 21.5 Mount.ain: Montana 27,0,35 40.0 0,749 11.4 10,937 28.6 7,992 13.5 Idaho 12,817 49.6 2,478 9.6 0,215 24.0 4,3.34 16.8 M’voming 6,8,37 ,37.4 1,937 10.6 8,125 44.5 1,.364 7.5 Colorado 3.5,245 50.0 0,,5.36 9.3 19,615 27.8 9,118 12.9 New Mexico 4,207 34.1 709 5.7 6,048 48.4 1,478 11.8 •Arizona .5,912 2.3.0 1,11.3 4.3 14,574 56.7 4,083 15.9 Utah 15, .3.51 47.0 2,415 7.4 9,626 29.5 .5,260 16.1 Nevada 5,606 4.3.9 1,282 10.0 4,479 35.1 1,400 11.0 Pacific: Washington 68,895 40.81 1.5,2,58 10.4 4.3,202 29.3 19,869 13.5 Oregon 29, 675 40.4' 7,591 11.9 17,4.30 27.3 9,213 14.4 California 1.37,274 40. 2| 27,708 9.3 99,940 33.6 32,443 10.9 Table 41 2 :ives statistics as to the citizensliip of the foreign-born wliite males 21 years of age and over in 1910 for cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more. For cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants statistics are given in Table 39, page 114. ’I'a l>l<; I I KOREION-IIORN WHITE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 CITY. Naturalized. Having llrst papers. Alien. Citizen.ship not reported. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. For cent. Albany, N. Y 4,827 58.9 462 5.6 1,661 20.3 1,242 15.2 Atlanta, Ga 1,011 44.2 193 8.4 565 24.7 518 22.6 Baltimore, Md 16, 643 49.6 2,664 7.9 9,559 28.4 4, 772 14.2 Birmingham, Ala.. 1, 179 40.0 186 6.3 8.39 28.5 740 25.1 Boston, Mass 47,791 46.3 10,438 10.1 40,516 39.3 4,415 4.3 Bridgeport, Conn. . 6,563 38.3 1,038 6.1 8,136 47.5 1,377 8.0 Buffalo, N. Y 29,409 52.2 4,319 7.7 16,255 28.9 6,3.54 11.3 Cambridge, Mass. . Chicago, 111 7,162 48.9 1,189 8.1 5,866 40.1 419 2.9 190, ()93 50.2 31,585 8.3 124,553 32.8 33,019 8.7 Cincinnati, Ohio.. . 17,253 64.6 1,733 6.5 6,250 23.4 1,487 5.6 Cleveland, Ohio... 40,482 42.9 7,826 8.3 40,221 42.6 5,902 6.3 Columbus, Ohio. . . 4,453 52.5 414 4.9 2,349 27.7 1,271 15.0 Dayton, Ohio 3,451 47.3 396 5.4 2,964 40.6 492 6.7 Denver, Colo 10,959 57.1 2, 102 10.9 3,801 19.8 2,342 12.2 Detroit, Mich 32, 891 43.7 7,271 9.7 28, 733 38.1 6,428 8.5 Fall River, Mass... 8,368 41.5 732 , 3.6 10,594 52.5 487 2.4 Grand Rapids, Mic Indianapolis, Ind. . 7,758 56.7 1,016 ' 7.4 3,301 24.1 1,614 11.8 6,088 58.5 1,189 11.4 1,795 17.2 1,335 12.8 Jersey City, N. J. . . 16,556 43.9 3,067 8.1 14,404 38.2 3,680 9.8 Kansas City, Mo... 6,953 53.3 890 6.8 2,564 19.6 2, 645 20.3 Los Angeles, Cal.. . 14,097 47.7 2, 730 9.2 8,662 29.3 4,087 13.8 Louisville, Ky 5,7(M 68.4 380 4.6 1,152 13.8 1,098 13.2 Lowell, Mass 7,028 38.6 427 2.3 9,897 54.4 839 4.6 Memphis, Term. . . 1,664 48.9 197 5.8 808 23.7 734 21.6 Milwaukee, Wis 26, 155 46.6 9,887 17.6 14,435 25.7 5,624 10.0 Minneapolis, Minn. . Nashville, Tenn 23,462 52.0 5,427 12.0 10,305 22.8 5,965 13.2 951 66.3 80 5.6 170 11.8 ' 234 16.3 New Haven, Conn. 8,628 45.0 1,426 7.4 7,693 40. 1 1,447 7.5 New Orleans, La.. 6,138 45.5 595 4.4 3,703 27.5 3,050 22.6 New York, N. Y. . 318,091 38.4 106,525 12.9 339.473 41.0 64,704 7.8 Manhattan Bor . . US, 81)7 33.3 68, 661 13. 7 313, 777 46. 1 40,961 8.9 Bronx Borough... 33, 188 1,8.3 S,£4S 13.9 30,970 30.6 5,670 8.3 Brooklyn Borough. 109, too 43.9 34,260 13.8 90,631 36.4 14, 663 5.9 Queens Borough.. . 31.019 64.8 3,848 10.0 11,089 38. 9 3,394 6.3 Richmond Bor 5,937 49.6 908 7.6 4,116 34-4 1,016 8.5 Newark, N. J 21,427 4,3.1 4,982 10.0 19, 204 38.7 4,061 8.2 Oakland, Cal 10,237 52.9 2,004 10.4 5,968 30.9 1,125 5.8 Omaha, Nebr 7,079 51.3 2, 103 15.3 2,868 20.8 1,738 12.6 Paterson, N. J 9,817 48.6 1,387 6.9 6,029 29.9 2.949 14.6 Philadelphia, Pa. . . 69,415 41.5 15,533 9.3 63,156 37.8 18, 968 11.4 Pittsburgh, Pa 28,797 41.1 5,355 7.6 28,4.39 40.5 7,557 10.8 Portland, Oreg 11,251 44.6 3,058 12.1 7,097 28.1 3,824 15.2 Providence, lU I 12,988 39.5 2,815 8.6 14,910 45.4 2, 150 6.5 Riclimond, Va 943 46.2 123 6.0 503 24.7 471 23.1 Rochester, N. Y 13, 003 48.0 2,947 10.9 8,361 30.9 2,756 10.2 St. Louis, Mo 33, 081 .52.1 7.049 11.1 15,918 25.1 7,392 11.7 St. Paul, Minn 17,071 58.8 2,586 8.9 5,576 19.2 3,815 13.1 San Francisco, Cal . . 36, 375 48.0 10, 681 14.1 21, 872 28.9 6,840 9.0 Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash 7,930 45.4 964 5.5 6,801 38.9 1,766 10.1 16,438 45.5 3,068 8.5 11,474 31.8 5,117 14.2 Spokane, Wash 5,495 44.4 1,.374 11.1 3,451 27.9 2,069 16.7 Sjracuse, N. Y 7,036 47.1 862 5.8 4,715 31.6 2,331 15.6 Toledo, Ohio 8, 752 55. 3 724 4.6 4,308 27.2 2,042 12.9 MTusliihgton, D. C.. 6,474 55.2 1,058 9.0 2,304 19.6 1,902 16.2 Worcester, Mass 9, 126 40.0 1,514 6.6 11.184 49.0 992 4.3 FEMALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Table 42 gives the number of females 21 years of age and over in 1910, classified according to color or race, nativity, and parentage, by geographic divisions and states. As already noted, the composition of the adult female population according to color or race, nativity, and parentage dilfers from that of the adult male population principally in including a smaller percent- age of foreign born. This difference, varying in de- gree, appears in the figures for every state as well as in j those for the United States. Apart from this, the com- I position of the female population in the different states I or sections naturally corresponds to that of the male. 118 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. FEMALP:S 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table IZ • DIVISION AND STATP:. Total females 21 years of age and over. WHITE. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Indian. Chi- nese, Japa- nese, and all other. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. United States 24,555,754 22,059,236 89.8 12,484,481 50.8 4,567, 647 18.6 5,007,108 20.4 2,427,742 9.9 60, 169 8,607 GEOORAl’mC DIVI.SIONS: Now England 2,043,998 2, 021,. 540 98.9 841,264 41.2 428, 673 21.0 751,603 36.8 21,822 1.1 573 63 Middle Atlantic 5, 608, 188 5, 464, 123 97.4 2,377,232 42.4 1,274,288 22.7 1,812,603 32.3 142,115 2.5 1,690 260 East North Central 5, 133, 680 5,036,024 98.1 2,516,036 49.0 1,340,723 26.1 1,179,805 23.0 92, 698 1.8 4,278 80 West North Central 3,005,774 2,923,305 97.3 1,538,145 51.2 776,397 25.8 608,763 20.3 72,278 2.4 10, 135 56 South Atlantic 3,007,118 2,035,590 67.7 1,809,2.35 60.2 125,998 4.2 100,357 3.3 969,575 32.2 1,904 49 East South Central 2,037,064 1,390,848 08.3 1,283,045 63.0 74,876 3.7 32, 927 1.6 645,697 31.7 508 11 West South Central 1,987,760 1,504,706 75.7 1,245, 132 62.6 142,047 7.1 117,587 5.9 467, 795 23.5 15, 132 67 Mountain 614,736 590,116 96.0 320,983 52.2 138,205 22.5 130, 928 21.3 6, 686 1.1 '17,513 421 Pacific 1,117,436 1,092,324 97.8 553,409 49.5 266,440 23.8 272, 475 24.4 9,076 0.8 8,436 7,600 New Engl,vnd: 225, 730 225, 107 99.7 156, 663 69.4 25,589 11.3 42,855 19.0 401 0.2 228 135,372 135, 187 99.9 78,394 57.9 19, 004 14.0 37,789 27.9 176 0 1 9 Vermont 106,883 106,598 99.7 67,945 63.6 20,234 18.9 18,419 17.2 277 0.3 8 Massachusetts 1, 074, 485 1,061,602 98.8 363,035 33.8 246,539 22.9 452,028 42.1 12,648 1.2 192 43 Rhode Island 166, 391 163, 120 98.0 49,955 30.0 40,305 24.2 72,860 43.8 3,178 1.9 86 7 Connecticut 335, 131 329,926 98.4 125,272 37.4 77,002 23.0 127, 652 38.1 5,142 1.5 50 13 Middle Atlantic: New A’ork 2,757,521 2,706,523 98.2 927,995 33.7 710, 145 25.8 1,068,383 38.7 49,300 1.8 1,502 196 730, 659 706,728 95.9 288,821 39.2 166,074 22.5 251,833 34.2 29,866 4.1 26 39 Pennsylvania 2, 114, 008 2,050,872 97.0 1,160, 416 54.9 398,069 18.8 492,387 23.3 62,949 3.0 162 25 East North Central: Ohio 1,398,341 1,364,611 97.0 830,354 59.4 314,929 22.5 219,328 15.7 33,683 2.4 33 14 Indiana 770, 658 752,208 97.6 577,899 73.0 117, 643 15.3 56, 666 7.4 18,386 2.4 61 3 Illinois 1,567,491 1,533,014 97.8 647, 697 41.3 421,178 26.9 464, 139 29.6 34,372 2.2 56 49 Michigan 786,033 778,874 99.1 319,537 40.7 224, 713 28.6 234, 624 29.8 5,318 0.7 1,833 8 Wisconsin 611,157 607,917 99.5 140,549 23.0 262,260 42.9 205, 108 33.6 939 0.2 2,295 6 West North Central: Minnesota 512,411 508, 195 99.2 111,088 21.7 192,518 37.6 204,589 39.9 2,061 0.4 2,146 9 Iowa 603, 644 599,442 99.3 315,389 52.2 175,267 29.0 108,786 18.0 4,124 0.7 73 5 Missouri 890, 152 847,997 94.6 588, 496 65.7 171,954 19.2 87,547 9.8 48,057 5.4 81 17 122, 406 120, 780 98.7 29, 600 24.2 37,987 31.0 53, 193 43.5 158 0.1 1,468 South Dakota 134, 187 128, 772 96.0 48,349 36.0 43,530 32.4 36,893 27.5 220 0.2 5,188 7 Nebraska 298,040 294,849 98.9 146, 645 49.2 79,569 26.7 68,635 23.0 2,369 0.8 806 16 Kansas 438,934 423,270 96.4 298,578 68.0 75,572 17.2 49, 120 11.2 15,289 3.5 373 2 South Atlantic: 58,442 50,160 85.8 37,070 63.4 6,573 11.2 6,517 11.2 8,281 14.2 1 Maryland 373,819 309,897 82.9 209, 793 56.1 56,820 15.2 43,284 11.6 03,899 17.1 12 11 District of Columbia 116,148 81,662 70.3 55, 194 47.5 16,118 13.9 10,350 8.9 34, 449 29.7 22 15 Virginia 518,473 353,516 68.2 335, G07 64.7 9,533 1.8 8,376 1.6 164,844 31.8 110 3 West Virginia 284,969 270,298 94.9 241,703 84.8 15,872 5.6 12,723 4.5 14, 667 5.1 3 1 North Carolina 519,.475 358,583 69.0 354,416 68.2 2,316 0.4 1,851 0.4 159,236 30.7 1,655 1 South Carolina 343,958 162, 625 47.3 156,965 45.6 3,577 1.0 2,083 0.6 181, 264 52.7 65 4 Georgia 613,149 343, 187 56.0 330, 779 53.9 7,579 1.2 4,829 0.8 269,937 44.0 20 5 Florida 178,685 105,662 59.1 87, 708 49.1 7,610 4.3 10,344 5.8 72,998 40.9 16 9 East South Central: Kentucky 579,756 506,299 87.3 441,093 76.1 47,716 8.2 17,490 3.0 73,413 12.7 43 1 Teimessee 542, 408 419, 046 77.4 400,706 73.9 12,485 2.3 6,455 1.2 122,707 22.6 54 1 Alabama 501,959 284,116 56.6 209,397 53.7 8,602 1.7 6,117 1.2 217,676 43.4 167 Mississippi 412,941 180,787 43.8 171,849 41.6 6,073 1.5 2,865 0.7 231,901 56.2 244 9 West South Central: Arkansas 351,994 248,964 70.7 234,232 66.5 9,140 2.6 5,592 1.6 102,917 29.2 112 1 Louisiana 395,354 222, 473 56.3 166,006 42.0 37,276 9.4 19, 131 4.8 172,711 43.7 149 21 Oklahoma 356,194 311,266 87.4 276,301 77.6 22,208 6.2 12,757 3.6 30,208 8.5 14,718 2 Te.xas 884,218 722,063 81.7 668,533 64.3 73,423 8.3 80, 107 9.1 161,959 18.3 153 43 Mountain: Montana 81,741 78,331 95.8 34,086 41.7 20,289 24.8 23,956 29.3 553 0.7 2,811 46 Idaho 69,818 68,543 98.2 40,258 57.7 17,043 24.4 11,242 16.1 187 0.3 1,031 57 Wyoming 28,840 27,932 96.9 15, 048 54.3 6,209 21.5 6,075 21.1 494 1.7 376 S8 Colorado 213, 425 209, 195 98.0 122, 780 57.5 43,605 20.4 42,810 20.1 3,861 1.8 284 85 New Mexico 73, 152 68,276 9.3.3 56,719 77.5 5,494 7.5 6,063 8.3 441 0.6 4,424 11 Arizona 43,891 36,885 84.0 17,337 39.5 7,475 17.0 12,073 27.5 035 1.4 6,329 42 Utah 85,729 84,688 98.7 26,8,38 31.3 32,901 38.4 24,849 29.0 313 0.4 747 81 Nevada 18,140 16,366 90.2 7,317 40.3 5,189 28.6 3,860 21.3 202 1.1 1,511 61 PACnrc: Washington 277,727 271,828 97.9 141,200 60.9 59,732 21.6 70,8.36 25.5 1,697 0.6 2,901 1,298 Oregon 168,323 166, 191 98.7 104,149 61.9 32,273 19.2 29,769 17.7 443 0.3 1,323 366 California 671,386 054,305 97.5 308,000 45.9 174, 4:15 26.0 171,870 25.6 6,936 1.0 4,209 5,936 MALKS OF MILITIA AGE. MAIES OF MILITIA AGE— 18 TO 44 YEARS 119 Mon from 18 to 44 years of ago, inclusive, are subject to militia duty under the laws of most states, and represent substantially the theoretical fighting strength of the country in case of war. Table 43 gives, by divisions and states, the total number of males of this class in 1910 and in 1900, with a further classification of the number in 1910 according to color or race, nativity, and parentage. The total number of males from 18 to 44 years of age in 1910 was 20,473,684, constituting 22.3 per cent of the total population of the country and 43.3 per cent of the total male population. Males of this ago in 1900 constituted 21.3 per cent of the total population and 41.7 per cent of the total number of males. In 1910, 48.7 per cent of the males 18 to 44 years of age were native whites of native parentage, 19.1 percent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 21.8 per cent foreign-born whites, and 9.7 per cent negroes. MALES FROM 18 TO 44 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 4 :$ DIVISION AND STATE. TOT.AL M.ALES 18 TO 44 YEARS OF AGE, INCLUSIVE. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE. NEGRO. Indian, Chinese, Japa- nese, and all other: 1910 1910 1900 Increase: ■ 1900-1910 Per cent of total population. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 20,473,684 16,182,702 4,290,982 26.5 22.3 21.3 9,978, 600 8,014,406 3,901,682 3,306,335 4,471,688 3,068,059 1,985,415 1,680,052 136, 399 Geographic divisions: New England 1,458,900 1,236,976 221,924 17.9 22.3 22.1 500,616 490,420 356,428 298,312 581,585 429,658 17,325 14,770 2,946 Middle Atlantic 4,542,493 3,468,069 1,074,424 31.0 23.5 22.4 1,706,717 1,439,231 1,011,509 905,008 1,700,877 1,024,790 115,040 88,818 8,350 East North Central.. . 4,102,692 3,458,041 644,651 18.6 22.5 21.6 1,940,295 1,653,859 1, 108, 243 996, 005 966,436 736,240 81,757 67, 013 5,961 West North Central . . 2, 612, 095 2, 246, 129 305, 906 16.3 22.4 21.7 1,313,575 1,123,999 747,115 603,917 478,077 453,687 64,212 56,051 9,116 South Atlantic 2,405,895 1,979,974 425,921 21.5 19.7 19.0 1,429,525 1,159, 974 90, 855 90,392 103, 836 57,169 779,085 669,921 2,594 East South Central . . . 1,627,471 1,431,419 190, 052 13.7 19.4 19.0 1,042,804 891,791 50,972 00, 161 22,382 20, 733 610,592 457, 970 721 West South Central. . 1,813, 048 1,286,476 520,572 40.9 20.6 19.7 1,166,405 783,320 129,943 100,947 101,609 74,351 401,043 315,706 14,048 Mountain 714,143 441,527 272,616 61.7 27.1 26.4 350,286 201,740 150, 057 102,046 181,864 111,636 7,011 5,675 24,925 Pacific 1,196,947 634,091 562,856 88.8 28.6 26.2 528, 277 270,072 256,560 149,547 335,022 159,795 9,350 4,122 67,738 New England: Maine 151,325 142,175 9,150 6.4 20.4 20.5 94,710 96,430 22,666 18,681 33,338 26,505 330 294 281 New Hampshire 90,357 88,149 2,208 2.5 21.0 21.4 42,104 47,679 16,774 13,502 31,291 20,649 137 100 51 Vermont 73,685 70,850 2,835 4.0 20.7 20.6 43,100 42,351 14,214 15, 708 15,467 12,556 895 204 9 Massachusetts 700,324 632,369 127,955 20.2 22.6 22.5 212,579 203,316 203,866 168,335 331,809 249,619 10,054 8,523 2,016 Rhode Island 125,213 95,737 29,476 30.8 23.1 22.3 32, 212 28,476 34,685 26,004 55,743 38,797 2,357 2,142 216 Connecticut 257,996 207,696 50,300 24.2 23.1 22.9 75,911 72, 168 64,223 56,022 113,937 75,532 3,552 3,447 373 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,156,361 1,639,395 516,966 31.5 23.7 22.6 654,731 544,138 558,652 507,552 897,977 553,934 39,488 26,858 5,513 New Jersey 597,513 422, 758 174,755 41.3 23.6 22.4 205,016 160,562 140,241 110,317 228, 193 132,994 23,099 17,658 964 Pennsylvania 1,788,619 1,405,916 382,703 27.2 23.3 22.3 840,970 734,531 312,616 287,139 574,707 337,862 52,453 44,302 1,873 East North Central: Ohio 1,076,928 893,327 183,601 20.6 22.6 21.5 621,053 523,276 222,993 227,443 202,580 118,597 29,269 23,684 433 Indiana 580,557 530, 615 49,942 9.4 21.5 21.1 431,567 389,203 81,539 95,512 51,657 31,535 15,530 14,147 264 Illinois 1,330,556 1,091,472 239,084 21.9 23.6 22.6 527,411 455,457 367,457 315, 894 402,334 294,254 31,702 24,671 1,652 Michigan 616, 729 516,802 99,927 19.3 21.9 21.3 235,221 197,258 199,457 157, 233 175.939 157, 103 4,459 3,765 1,653 Wisconsin 497,922 425,825 72,097 16.9 21.3 20.6 124,443 88,665 236, 797 199,923 133,926 134,751 797 746 1,959 West North Central: Minnesota 491,113 399, 734 91,379 22.9 23.7 22.8 109,967 81,312 204,803 149,863 171,816 165,140 2,743 1,772 1,784 Iowa 475,829 475, 76C 09 (■) 21.4 21.3 249,216 243, 701 153,165 149,069 69,160 79,470 4,011 3,37a 277 M issouri 721,166 662,928 58,238 8.8 21.9 21.3 483,258 434, 875 132,421 130,856 63, 626 52,885 41,441 37,94£ ■ 420 North Dakota 145,628 80, 191 65,437 81.6 25.2 25.1 37,362 16,582 51,647 19,634 55, 217 42,484 250 93 1,152 South Dakota 140, 635 87,505 53, 130 60.7 24.1 21.8 54,311 27,312 51,198 28,027 31,326 28,355 271 137 3,529 Nebraska 267,497 235,572 31,925 13.0 22.4 22.1 131,046 117,542 83,237 61,618 49,349 53,679 2,000 2,010 1,265 Kansas 370,227 304,439 65,788 21.6 21.9 20.7 248,415 202, 675 70,044 58,850 37,583 31,674 12,896 10,717 689 South Atlantic: Delaware 44,634 40,029 4,605 11.5 22.1 21.7 26,394 24,084 5,077 4,985 6,229 4,292 6,911 6,622 23 Maryland 271,373 243,776 27,597 11. a 20.9 20.5 153,567 131,720 39,343 41,554 28,824 22,322 49,386 47,746 253 District of Columbia. . 78,349 62,981 15,308 24.4 23.7 22.6 38,078 29,807 10,613 9,650 6,927 4,506 22,472 18,677 259 Virginia 398, 728 346,039 52,698 15.2 19.3 18.7 255,336 216,888 8,026 7,457 9,460 5,512 12,5,692 115,872 214 West Virginia 275,048 200,503 74,545 37.2 22.5 20.9 211,721 166,264 11,530 12,630 30,582 7,939 21,134 13,621 81 North Carolina 392, 192 326, 202 65,990 20.2 17.8 17.2 271,439 223,643 1,706 1,644 2,106 1,289 115,547 98,691 1,394 South Carolina 276, 788 236, 767 40,021 16.8 18.3 17.7 128,262 102,298 2,443 2,685 1,970 1,423 144,019 130,283 88 Georgia 497,095 409, 186 87,909 21.5 19.1 18.5 267,666 214,987 5,893 5,581 5,432 3,604 217,970 184,863 134 Florida 171,688 114,509 57, 188 49.8 22.8 21.7 77,062 50,283 6,224 4,206 12,300 6,288 75,954 53,546 148 East South Central: Kentucky 457,493 428,622 28,871 6.7 20.0 20.0 359,347 320,525 31,475 38,563 8,284 9,844 58,306 59,635 81 Tennessee 423,088 384,249 38,838 10.1 19.4 19.0 315,443 280, 109 8,844 10,204 5,026 4,408 93, 709 89,452 66 Alabama 401,145 328,949 72, 196 21.8 18.8 18.0 222,297 175,989 6,376 6,736 6,182 4,318 166, 099 141,828 191 Mississippi 345, 745 289,599 56, 146 19.4 19.2 18.7 145,717 115,168 4,277 4,658 2,890 2,163 192,478 167,061 383 West South Central: .\rkansas 311,792 250,389 61,412 24.5 19.8 19.1 209,996 169,937 8,381 7,325 4,687 4,004 88,627 69,055 107 Louisiana 338,343 29)8,739 69,604 25.8 20.4 19.5 153,426 104,614 24,881 28,118 15,159 13,107 144,430 122,381 447 Oklahoma 2 357,933 168,136 189,797 112.8 ‘21.6 21.3 279,264 128,621 22,201 11,015 13,455 6,656 30, 148 10,927 12,865 Texas 804, 98C 599,221 205, 758 34.3 20.7 19.7 523, 725 380, 148 74,480 54,489 68,308 50,584 137,838 113,343 629 Mountain: Montana 123,232 83,574 39, 658 47.5 32.8 34.3 47,659 28,454 26,584 18,458 44,568 30,886 613 557 3,808 Idaho 86,384 41,785 44,601 106.7 26.5 25.8 47,102 20,238 19, 710 10,600 17,237 8,478 253 104 2,082 W yoming 54,654 32,988 21,666 65.7 37.4 35.7 26,695 16,037 9,798 7,304 14,963 8,280 1,253 449 1,945 Colorado 203, 982 142,136 61,846 43.5 25.5 26.3 112,306 76,092 39,265 27,784 46, 740 35,144 3,241 2,501 2,430 New Me.xico 73,097 41,464 31,63.'] 76. a 22.3 21.2 53, 737 29,730 5,741 3,885 9,109 4,511 474 653 4,036 Arizona 58,962 34, 231 24,731 72.2 28.9 27.8 22,529 12,556 9,259 6,025 20,679 8,846 568 1,047 5,927 Utah 84,449 53, 755 30,694 57.1 22.6 19.4 29,189 14,978 32,924 24,842 19,277 12,442 445 327 2,614 Nevada 29,383 11,596 17, 787 153.4 35.9 27.4 11,069 3,655 6,776 3,148 9,291 3,049 164 37 2,083 Pacific: Washington 340,872 149,586 191,286 127.9 29.8 28.9 155,048 70,391 67,507 27,534 102, 786 42,206 2,538 1,009 12,993 Oregon 190,553 105,628 84,925 80.4 28.3 25.5 106,647 59,595 34,653 18, .542 42,372 18,290 613 455 6,268 California 665,522 378,877 286,645 75.7 28.0 25.5 266,582 140,086 154,400 103,471 189,864 99,299 6,199 2,658 48,477 Less tbaa one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. jr i, I ^ ■;.! < \‘^*il^** I . t s''■< ,t v ;>''X i' ■■.x:,- 1 S: :4.> ' \fmv"^!f' •<• ■ .irinv' ^ '^t'm ' ^ - ' p’^'% "\i iV-'- ,4:;;:' f.-fvfju-iv'X'ijJwifr '(r -ly. ;t ' I 4i. ..’l'*'; . ')'ii i‘i ■y :HS;' ' ;)'*'“ ■“ • 15 {’' iV 'ti. ‘:Mt ■ ;> i' (,'■ ■A', /«s!F ■ zr^'; ,,) '■/■ ■ i« f'X tV F 'Hit'll' * *' 1 , r - Chapter 3. AGE AND MAIUTAL CONDITION. AGE STATISTICS. Introduction. — This cha])tor contains a sununary of the (lata relative to age, and to the maiital condition of the population, reported at the Tliirteenth Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Statistics are presented for the geograpliic divisions, the states, and tlie jjrincipal cities of the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions are not included. It is impossible to claim entire accuracy for census statistics' of age. Some people do not know their true ages; some people seem deliberately to report them incorrectly; and the reports for a good many persons are not made by the persons themselves, but by others who have not exact knowledge as to the age. There is a conspicuous tendency to report ages in round numbers; the number reported as 40 years of age, for example, is far greater than the number reported as either 39 or 41. In the present report, however, indi- vidual years are not shown, but only groups of years. Wlien the ages are combined into groups of 5, 10, pr more yeai’s the margin of error is probably small. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. Classification by 5-year age periods: 1910. — Table 1, page 122, shows for 1910, by 5-year age periods, the population of the United States as a whole and of each of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes, with a further distinction according to sex. Table 2 shows the relative importance of the different age * groups by means of percentages. The facts brought out by the tables can be much more clearly seen by means of diagrams. The diagram on this page presents the age distiibution of the total population according to sex. The percentages which are shown m connection with the diagram differ from ; those in Table 2, in order to permit a comparison of the relative number of males and females in each age group. In Table 2 the percentage distribution by i age for males is based on the total male population i and for females on the total female j)opulation, but in the diagram the percentages for each sex are based upon the total population. For example, the diagram shows that males 15 to 19 years of age form 4.9 per cent of the total population wliile, as shown in Table 2, they form 9.6 per cent of the male population. Where a population is maintained entirely by nat- ural increase the number at any given year of age will, of course, be determined by the births in a corre- sponding earlier year, minus the deaths which have occurred among persons born in that year. Since 1 death claims its victims at all ages, the number of survivors will, under all ordinary conditions, diminish with advancing age, so that if the figures for the two sexes are represented on opposite sides of a vertical axis a diagram showing age distribution takes aj)- proximately the form of a pyramid or triangle. The death rate, however, is not uniform at all ages. It is very high dui’ing the first year after birth, decreases gradually until about the twelfth year, and then increases slowly until middle life, after which the ac- celeration is rapid. As the result of these variations, the age diagram for a normal jjopulation is not a per- fect pyramid, but is slightly bell-shaped. There is also some difference between the two sexes in a normal population with respect to the number born and the death rates at different ages, so that the age diagram would not be altogether symmetrical. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TOTAL POPULATION: 1910. PER CENT ( 121 ) 122 ABSTRACT OF THl^] (^I^]NSUS— POPULATION. DISTIlDiUTlON 1!Y AGE TERIODS OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1910. Tabic AGE PERIOD. All ages Under 5 years Under 1 year. 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 00 to 04 years 65 to 09 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over Age unknown ALL CLASSES. WRITE. NEGRO. INDLAN. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. 91,972,286 47,332,277 44,639,989 81,731,957 42, 178,245 39,553,712 9,827,763 4,885,881 4,941,882 265, 683 135, 133 130, 550 10,031,364 5, 380, .596 5,250,768 9,,322,914 4,728,650 4,594,264 1,263,288 629,320 633,968 40,384 20,202 20, 182 2,217,342 1,123,409 1,093,933 1,9.55,605 993,242 962,363 252,386 125,459 126,927 8,216 4; 127 4; 089 9,700,632 4,924,123 4,836,509 8,475,173 4,285,366 4, 189,807 1,246,553 619,175 627,378 36,541 18,349 18, 192 9, 107, 140 4,601,753 4,505,387 7,918,408 4,006, 104 3,912,304 1,155,266 578,074 577, 192 31,393 16; 199 15, 194 9,063,603 4,527,282 4,5.36,321 7,968,391 3,999, 14.3 3,969,248 1,060,416 507,945 552,471 28,486 14; 612 13; 874 9,056,984 4,580,290 4,476,694 7,986,411 4,070,955 3,915,456 1,030,795 482, 157 548,638 21,844 11,265 10; 579 8,180,003 4,244,348 3,935,655 7,257,1.36 3,792,224 3,464,912 881,227 421,805 459,422 18, 137 9,237 8,900 6,972, 185 3, 656, 768 3,315,417 6,267,276 3, 297, 169 2,970, 107 668,089 332, 163 335,926 15,243 7,756 7,487 0,.390, 100 3,367,016 3,029,084 5,731,845 3,024,002 2, 707, 843 633,449 320,450 312,999 14,834 7, 721 7,113 5,261,587 2,786,350 2,475,237 4,780,272 2,537,219 2,24.3,053 455,413 229,680 225, 733 11,961 6, 126 5, 835 4,469,197 2,378,916 2,090,281 4,061,062 2, 161,848 1,899,214 385,909 199,928 185,981 9,887 5; 103 4,784 3,900,791 2,110,013 1,790,778 3,555,313 1,915,860 1,639,453 326,070 179,387 146,683 9,343 4,914 4,429 2, 786,951 1,488,437 1,298,514 2, 564,206 1,363,821 1,200,385 209,622 115,090 94,532 7, 171 3,706 3,465 2,267,150 1,185,966 1,081,184 2,069,323 1,076,753 992,570 186, 502 101, 149 85,353 6,524 3,332 3, 192 1,679,503 863,994 815,509 1,549,954 792,310 757, 644 123,550 67,956 65,594 4,482 2,259 2,223 1,113,728 561,644 552,084 1,030,884 518,888 511,996 78,839 40,684 38,2.55 3,382 1,561 1,821 667,302 331,280 336,022 620,992 307,446 313,546 44,018 22,667 21,351 2, 105 983 1, 122 321,754 153,745 168,009 294,555 141,301 153,254 25,579 11,696 13,883 1,565 695 870 122,818 56,335 66,483 110,9.36 50,843 60,093 11,166 5, 164 6,002 691 304 387 33,473 14,553 18,920 27, 16k 11,970 15, 191 5,850 2,394 3,456 458 185 273 7, .391 3,045 4,346 4,75r 1,935 2,822 2,447 1,017 1,4.30 187 93 94 3,555 1,380 2, 175 764 326 4,38 2, 675 1,004 1,671 116 50 66 169,055 114,443 54,612 134,224 94,112 40,112 31,040 17,076 13,964 949 481 468 Table I —Continued. AGE PERIOD. CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND XhL OTHER. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Both sexes. Male. Fe- male. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. All ages 146,863 133,018 13, 845 49,488,575 25,229,218 24,269,357 18,897,837 9,425,239 9,472,598 13,345,545 7,523,788 5,821,757 Under 5 years 4,778 2,424 2,354 6,546,282 3,326,237 3,220,045 2,674,125 1,350,473 1,323,652 102,507 51,940 50,567 Under 1 year 1,135 581 554 1,369,140 690,200 672,940 579,730 293,515 286,215 6,735 3,527 3,208 5 to 9 years 2,365 1,233 1,132 5, 861,015 2,969,230 2,891,785 2,315,649 1,165,484 1, 150, 165 298,509 150,652 147,857 10 to 14 years 2,073 1,376 697 5,324,283 2,700,056 2,623,627 2,235,795 1, 124, 145 1,111,650 358,3.30 181,303 177,027 Ij to 19 years 6,310 5,582 728 5,089,055 2,552,528 2,536,527 2,205,575 1,094,861 1,110,714 67.3,761 351,754 322,007 20 to 24 years 17,9.34 15,913 2,021 4,682,922 2,332,914 2,350,008 1,873, 108 914, 121 958,987 1,430,381 823,920 606, 401 25 to 29 years 23,503 21,082 2,421 4,049, 074 2,040,597 2,002,477 1,545,366 755,051 790,315 1,662,096 990,576 672, 120 30 to 34 years 21,577 19,680 1,897 3,401,601 1,741,569 1,060,032 1,359,960 666,932 693,028 1,505,715 888,668 617,047 35 to 39 years 15,972 14,843 1, 129 3,045,381 1,580, 1:39 1,465,242 1,278,371 631,856 646,515 1,408,09.3 812,007 590,086 40 to 44 years 13,941 13,325 616 2,450,385 1,273,905 1,176,480 1,026,412 511,795 514,617 1,303,475 751,519 551,956 45 to 49 years 12,339 12,037 302 2,071,976 1,081,912 990,064 842, 726 423,481 419,245 1,146,300 656,455 489,905 50 to 54 years 10,065 9,852 213 1,950,127 1,040,745 909,382 680, 131 348, 859 331,272 925,055 526,256 398, 799 55 to 59 years 5,952 5,820 132 1,490,463 789,243 701,220 380,223 194,408 185, 755 093,520 380,110 313,410 60 to 64 years 4,801 4,732 69 1,227,434 635,425 592,009 214, .306 109,414 104,892 627,583 331,914 295,069 65 to 69 year-s 1,517 1,469 48 931,607 470,750 460, 857 129,950 66,144 63,800 488,397 255,416 232,981 70 to 74 years 623 611 12 623,594 310,780 312,814 70,323 35,357 34,966 336,907 172, 751 164,216 75 to 79 years 187 184 3 378, 823 185,109 193,714 33,957 16,925 17,032 208,212 105,412 102,800 80 to 84 years 55 53 2 179,251 84, 278 94,973 . 14,014 6,761 7,253 101,290 50, 262 51,028 85 to 89 years 25 24 1 67,966 30, 166 37,800 5,537 2,596 2,941 37,433 18,081 19, .352 90 to 94 years 4 1 ^ 16,632 7,041 9,591 1,495 759 9,0;i4 4, 193 4,841 2 ; 756 i;045 i;711 '278 123 155 i;723 '767 956 100 years and over '439 '180 '259 32 20 12 293 126 167 Age imknown 2,842 2,774 68 97,509 68, 769 28, 740 10,504 5,637 4,867 26,211 19,706 6,505 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 123 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1910 . Table '2 AGE PERIOD. ALL CLASSES. WHITE. NEGRO. INDIAN. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. All ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.6 11.4 11.8 11.4 11.2 11.6 12.9 12.9 12.8 15.2 14.9 1.5. 5 Under 1 year 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 5 to 9 years 10.6 10.4 10.8 10.4 10.2 10.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 13.8 13.6 13.9 10 to 14 years 9.9 9.7 10. 1 9.7 9.5 9.9 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.8 12.0 11.0 15 to 19 years 9.9 9.6 10.2 9.7 9.5 10.0 10.8 10.4 11.2 10.7 10.8 10.0 20 to 24 years 9.8 9.7 10.0 9.8 9.7 9.9 10.5 9.9 11.1 8.2 8.3 8.1 25 to 29 years 8.9 9.0 8.8 8.9 9.0 8.8 9.0 8.6 9.3 6.8 0.8 0.8 30 to 34 years 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.7 7.8 7.5 6.8 6.8 6.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 35 to 39 years 7.0 7.1 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.3 5.6 5.7 5.4 40 to 44 years 5.7 5.9 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 45 to 49 years 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.8 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 50 to 54 years 4.2 4.5 4.0 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.4 55 to 59 years 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 60 to 64 years 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.4 65 to 69 y^ears 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 70 to 74 years 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.4 75 to 79 years 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.9 80 to 84 years 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 85 to 89 years 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 90 to 94 vears (■) (■) 0.1 ?} 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 95 to 99 years (>) P) P) (') 0.1 0.1 0.1 100 vears and over (■) P) P) P) P) P) (») (U P) P) P) 0.1 Age unknown 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Table 2— Continued. AGE PERIOD. AU ages. Under 5 years Under 1 year. 5 to 9 years. .. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years . 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 yaers . 50 to 54 years. 55 to 59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 to 69 years. 70 to 74 years. 75 to 79 years. 80 to 84 years. 85 to 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 years and over. Age unkno\vn CHINESE, JAPANESE, AND ALL OTHER. NATIVE WHITE. Both sexes. Male. Female. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. Both sexes. Male. Female. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.3 1.8 17.0 13.2 13.2 13.3 14.2 14.3 14.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 4.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.0 0.1 P) 0.1 1.6 0.9 8.2 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.3 12.4 12.1 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.4 1.0 5.0 10.8 10.7 10.8 11.8 11.9 11.7 2.7 2.4 3.0 4.3 4.2 5.3 10.3 10.1 10.5 11.7 11.6 11.7 5.0 4.7 5.5 12.2 12.0 14.6 9.5 9.2 9.7 9.9 9.7 10.1 10.7 11.0 10.4 16.0 15.8 17.5 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.3 12.5 13.2 11.5 14.7 14.8 13.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 7.2 7.1 7.3 11.3 11.8 10.0 10.9 11.2 8.2 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.8 6.7 6.8 10.6 10.8 10.2 9.5 10.0 4.4 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 9.8 10.0 9.5 8.4 9.0 2.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.4 8.6 8.7 8.4 6.9 7.4 1.5 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 6.9 7.0 6.9 4.1 4.4 1.0 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 5.2 5.1 5.4 3.3 3.6 0.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 4.7 4.4 5.1 1.0 1.1 0.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.7 3.4 4.0 0.4 0.5 0.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.5 2.3 2.8 0.1 0.1 i''> 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.6 1.4 1.8 P) (') P) 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 (>) P) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 (') P) 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 P) ■ P) C) (1) P) (I) (1) 0) 0) P) P) « U) 0 (0 (1) 1.9 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 124 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF THE POPULATION: 1910. NATIVE WHITE OF FOllEIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE. NATIVE WHITE OF NATIVE PARENTAGE. <1- 70 66 60. ■ -64 66 --eg 60 - -64 46 40 •44 36 30 25 15 --I9 10 74t0.6 0.9 69 49 39 34 29 20-24 14 1.2 4 3 2 10 12 3 PER CENT FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. ■oy 70- -74 65--69 60-64 56--69 50 -64 45- -49 40- -44 30 10 0.4 UNDER I ,1 L 35-39 34 26--29 20 --24 I6--I9 14 C 5 4 3 2101234567 PER CENT NEGRO. 7654321012 PER CENT MW. DISTRIBUTION. 125 111 tho caso of tho Uuitod States tlio distriliutiou by ago, and more csjioeially liy sex at did'erent ages, is inatorially affected by tlie jiresenoe of the foreign born. The iininigrants are mostly of adult age when they arrive in this country and coinjirise more males tlian females. Consequently the liars in the diagram on page 124 representing the age jieriods of adult life ari^ somewhat longer than they would be for a ])opulation recruited soleh’ by natural increase, and the side of the diagram ro^iresenting the males is extended dis- ])roportionatel 3 '. The wide differences in the age distribution of the principal classes of tho population are best shown b}' the four accomjianying diagrams, which relate to the native whites of native parentage, the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, the foreign-born whites, and the negroes, respectively. No two of these diagrams are identical in form, and the only one whose shape has not been influenced more or less by immigration is that representing the negro population. The extraordinary character of the age distribution of the foreign-born whites is ob- vious at a glance. The number in the older age groups actual^ exceeds materially the number m the younger age groups, which is not true of any of the native classes. The great excess of males over females in this class is also conspicuously shown. The sex and age distribution of the Chinese and Japanese, who are largely foreign born, is also highly abnormal, as shown by Table 2. The influence of the foreign born upon the age dis- tribution of our population does not cease upon their arrival hi this country. The children born to them after their arrival are, of course, included with the native population, and if the total native population were shown by ages it would be found that the num- ber of children was relatively somewhat greater than would be the case if the population were recruited solely b}’" natural increase. This condition is brought out especially by the diagram showing the native white population of foreign or mixed parentage. In this group the proportion of children is somewhat larger, and the proportion of persons in the most advanced age groups much smaller, than in the case of the native white population of native parentage or the negro pojiulation. Tliis is largely due to the fact that immi- gration to this country has greatly increased in vol- ume in recent years. If immigration should fall oft' or cease altogether, it is obvious that after a time the age composition of the second generation, consisting of the cliildren born of immigrants, would become abnormal in having an unduly small — instead of an unduly large — proportion of persons in the younger age periods. Even the native white population of native jiarent- age is indirectly affected in its age distribution by immigration, since the children of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are included in the class of natives of native parentage. Nevertheless, the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage in the United States as a whole corresponds very (;losely to that of a normal population unaffected by migra- tion. A comparison of the diagram for this class with that for the negroes, therefore, indicates a|)proximately the relative tendencies of the two raises with resjiect to bhth and mortality rates. Among the native whites of native parentage the percentage of jiersons in the older age groups is higher than among the negroes. Doubtless this difference is partly due to a lower death rate among the native whites than among the negroes, but it may also be affected by the relative birth rate of the two classes or by changes in the birth rate within the same class. A decline in the birth rate is a factor which tends to reduce the relative imjior- tance of the younger age groups and increase that of the older. It is practically certam that- the bh-th rate in the case of the white jiopulation of native stock has been steadily declining for many years. If there is a similar tendency among the negroes it is probably of more recent oi’igin than in the case of the whites. The proportion of persons under 5 years of age is, however, also higher for the native whites of native parentage than for the negroes, doubtless partly be- cause of the high infant mortality among negroes. The diagram below, based on absolute numbers, is designed to show primarily the contrast in age distribu- tion between the native white and native negro popu- lation and the foreign-born white population. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF NATIVE WHITE AND NEGRO AND OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPU- LATION; 1910. NATIVE WHITE AND NEGRO ! FOREIGN-BORN WHITE NATIVE NEGRO NATIVE white - NATIVE PARENTAGE NATIVE WHITE - FOREIGN PARENTAGE FOREIGN-BORN WHITE OR MIXED Classification by broader age periods: 1910. — For many purposes it is desirable to adopt an age classification wliich is less detailed than the one used in the pre- ceding tables and diagrams and at the same time corresponds approximately to certain well-recognized periods of life. Thus, the years under 5 may be rouglily designated as early cliildhood; those from 5 to 14 as the school period; those from 15 to 24 as the period of youth; those from 25 to 44 as the prime of life; those from 45 to 64 as middle or late middle life; and those 65 and over as old age. A15STRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. 12 G 'r!i])lo 3 shows, for 1910, the distribution of the total population of the United States and of the principal race, Jiativity, and parentage classes by sex accord- ing to these six age periods. In this, as in most of tlie following tables, the insignilicant number of unknown age is not shown separately, but is included in tlie totals upon whicli the percentages for the several age periods are based. The })ercentages would scarcely tlitfer at all if they were based on the ]) 0 ])ulation of Icnown age instead of the total population. Table 3 CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. population: lltlO PER CENT. Males to 100 fe- males. Total. Male, Female. To- tal. -Male. Fe- male. Total population 91,972,266 47,332,277 44,639,989 100.0 100.0 100.0 106.0 Under 5 years 10,631,364 5,380,596 5,250,768 11.6 11.4 11.8 102.5 .') to 1 4 years 13,867,772 9,525,876 9,341,896 20.5 .20. 1 20.9 102.0 1.') to 24 years 18,120,587 9,107,572 9,013,015 19.7 19.2 20.2 101.0 25 to 44 years 26,809,875 14,054,482 12,755,393 29.1 29.7 28.0 110.2 45 to 64 years 13,424,089 7,163,332 6,260,757 14.6 15.1 14.0 114.4 65 years and over 3, 949, 524 1,985,976 1,963,548 4.3 4.2 4.4 101.1 Native white— Native parentage 49,488,575 25,229,218 24,259,357 100.0 100.0 100.0 104.0 tJ nder 5 years 6,546,282 3,326,237 3,220,045 13.2 13.2 13.3 103.3 5 to 14 years 11,185,298 5,669,886 5,515,412 22.6 22.5 22.7 102.8 15 to 24 years 9,771,977 4,885,442 4,886,535 19.7 19.4 20.1 100.0 25 to 44 years 12,946,441 6,642,210 6,304,231 26.2 20.3 26.1 105.4 45 to 64 years 6,740,000 2,201,068 3,547,325 3,192,675 13.6 14. 1 13.2 111.1 65 years and over 1,089,349 1,111,719 4.4 4.3 4.6 98.0 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage . 18,897,837 9,425,239 9,472,598 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 Under 5 years 2,674,125 1,350,473 1,323,652 14.2 14.3 14.0 102.0 5 to 14 years 4,551,444 2,289,629 2,261,815 24.1 24.3 23.9 101.2 15 to 24 years 4,078,683 2,008,982 2,069,701 21.6 21.3 21.8 97.1 25 to 44 years 5, 210, 109 2,565,634 2, 644, 475 27.6 27.2 27.9 97.0 45 to 64 years 2,117,386 1,076,222 1,041,164 11.2 11.4 11.0 103.4 65 years and over 255, 586 128,662 126,924 1.4 1.4 1.3 101.4 Foreign-born white 13,345,545 7,523,788 5,821,757 100.0 100.0 100.0 129 2 102,507 656,839 51,940 50, 567 0.8 0.7 0.9 102.7 5 to 14 ye'ars 331 ; 9.55 324,884 4.9 4.4 5.6 102.2 15 to 24 years 2,104,142 1,175,674 928,468 15.8 15.0 16.9 126.6 5,879,979 3,392,518 3,442,770 1,894,7.35 2, 437, 209 1,497,783 44. 1 45.8 41.9 141.3 45 to 64 years 25.4 25.2 25.7 126.5 65 years and over 1,183,349 607,008 576,341 8.9 8.1 9.9 105.3 Negro 9,827,763 4,885,881 4,941,882 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.9 I'nder 5 years 1,263,288 629,320 633,968 12.9 12.9 12.8 99.3 5 to 14 years 2,401,819 1,197,249 1.204,570 24.4 24.5 24.4 99.4 15 to 24 years 2,091,211 990, 102 1,101,109 21.3 20.3 22.3 89.9 25 to 44 years 2, 638, 178 1,304,098 1,334,080 26.8 26.7 27.0 97.8 45 to 64 years 1,108,103 595,554 512, 549 11.3 12.2 10.4 116.2 65 years and over 294,124 152,482 141.642 3.0 3.1 2.9 107.7 Indian 265, 683 135,133 130,550 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.5 U nder 5 years 40,384 20,202 20, 182 15.2 14.9 15.5 100.1 5 to 14 years 67,934 34,548 33,386 2.5.6 25.6 25.6 103.5 15 to 24 years 50,330 25,877 24,453 18.9 19.1 18.7 105.8 25 to 44 years 60,175 30,840 29,. 335 22.6 22.8 22.5 105.1 45 to 64 years 32,925 17,055 15,870 12.4 12.6 12.2 107.5 65 years and over 12,986 6,130 6,856 4.9 4.5 5.3 89.4 Chinese, Japanese, and 960.8 all other 146,863 133,018 13, 845 100. C 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 4,778 2,424 2,354 3.3 1.8 17.0 103.0 5 to 14 years 4,438 2,009 1,829 3.C 2.0 13.2 142.6 15 to 24 years 24,244 21,495 2,749 16.5 16.2 19.9 781.9 25 to 44 years 74,993 68,930 6,063 51.1 51.8 43.8 1,136.9 45 to 64 years ,33,157 32,441 716 22.6 24.4 5.2 4,530.9 65 years and over 2,411 2,345 06 1.6 1.8 0.5 U) 1 Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. For convenience of comparison, the per cent distri- bution of the totals for the several classes shown in Table 3 is reproduced in Talile 4. Table 1 AGE PERIOD. Total. NATIVE Native parent- age. WHITE. Foreign or mixed parent- age. For- eign- bom white. Negro. Indian. Chi- ncso, Japa- nese, and all other. All ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 1J.6 13.2 14.2 0.8 12.9 1.5.2 3.3 5 to 14 years 20. 5 22.6 24. 1 4.9 24.4 25.6 3.0 15 to 24 years 19.7 19. 7 21.6 15.8 21.3 18.9 10. 5 25 to 44 years 29. 1 26.2 27.6 44. 1 26.8 22.6 61. 1 45 to 64 'years 14.6 13. 6 11.2 2.5.4 11.3 12.4 22.6 65 years and over 4.3 4.4 1.4 8. 9 3. 0 4.9 1. 0 Of the pojmlation of the country as a whole in 1910, children under 5 years of age formed 11.6 per cent; children from 5 to 14, 20.5 per cent; young persons from 15 to 24, 19.7 per cent; men and women from 25 to 44, 29.1 per cent; those from 45 to 64, 14.6 per cent; and those of 65 and over, 4.3 per cent. Table 4 shows clearly the differences already noted among the sev- eral classes of the population. Thus among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage children under 5 in 1910 formed 14.2 per cent of the total, the corre- sponding percentage for native whites of native parent- age being 13.2 ; on the other hand, only 12.6 per cent of the former were 45 years of age and over, as compared with 18.1 per cent of the latter. Conspicuously large is the proportion of the foreign-born whites who are in the prime of life, the percentage of this class in the age period 25 to 44 being 44.1, as compared with 26.2 per cent for the native whites of native parentage, 27.6 for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and 26.8 for the negroes. Table 3 facilitates comparisons of the relative num- bers of the two sexes in different age periods. In the total population of the country males outnumber females in each of the six age periods designated, the excess bemg particularly great in the age periods 25 to 44 and 45 to 64, where the disparity of the sexes among immigrants has its greatest effect. Wilde, as already stated, the general age distribution of the native whites of native parentage, and stdl more, that of the native whites of foreign cy mixed parentage, is indirectly affected by immigration, the relative numbers of the two sexes in those classes are, of course, mdependent of immigration and dejiend solely upon differences in the numbers of males and females born and the num- bers dying at different ages. Among the native whites of native parentage the males, according to the returns, somewhat exceed the females in the two youngest age periods shoivn in the table and are again in excess m the age period 25 to 44, and conspicuously so m the period 45 to 64, but in the ]ieriod 15 to 24 years the females shghtly outnumbered the males. It is not easy to explam why the figures show such a marked excess of males over females in the native white })opulation of native jiarentage, and more par- ticularly why this excess should be largely concen- trated in the age groups from 25 to 64 years of age. If these conditions actually exist, they would seem to indicate a much higher death rate among females than among males in the most active period of life, followed by a higher death rate among males in the later years. It is improbable, however, that any differences in the death rates of the two sexes wholly explain these conditions. The reported age distribu- tion of the two sexes and therefore the sex ratio by ago groups may be affected l)y a gi’cater tendency on the part of females to understate their age. It is not im])robable, furthermore, that some ])ersons of foreign birth or of native birth and foreign ])arentage are re- turned at the census as natives of na,tivo })arentage. AGE DISTRIBUTION. 127 This error would bo iiioro likoly to occur in the case of males than of females, for the reason that the former jiredominate among the foreign born and for the further reason that the floating ])opulation, for which accurate information is difficult to obtain, consists mostly of males. It is possible also that the returns are affected in some slight degree by duplications, and this source of error would also be more apt to exaggerate the number of men than of women, for the reason that men are more likely to be away from home and there- fore are more liable to be counted twice, once where they are and again where they reside when at home. Among the native whites of foreign or mixed parent- age the females are in excess both in the age period 1 5 to 24 and in that from 25 to 44, but the males are in excess in the most advanced age period as well as m the younger ages. Among negroes also the conditions are quite different from those among native whites of na- tive parentage. Females outnumber males in all of the age periods specified up to 44 years, but males are considerably in excess in the periods 45 to 64 and 65 years and over. Comparing the percentages in the several age groups for the two sexes, it will be seen that the greatest disparity in the case of the native whites of native parentage is in the age period 45 to 64 years, which in 1910 comprised 14.1 per cent of the males but only 13.2 per cent of the females. On the other hand, only 4.3 per cent of the males in this class were 65 years of age and over, as compared with 4.6 per cent of the females. For the negroes the most conspicuous differences be- tween males and females were in the age period 15 to 24 years, which comprised a decidedly larger propor- tion of the total number of females than of the total number of males, and in the age period 45 to 64 years, in which the opposite was the case. Comparison with previous censuses. — Table 5 shows the age distribution of the total population of the United States in 1910 and 1900, respectively, by five- year periods. The differences between the two cen- suses, while significant, are too small to be very clearly shown by means of a diagram. The proportion of the total population in each of the age periods under 15 years was smaller in 1910 than in 1900, while the proportion for the periods from 20 to 69 years, inclusive, was greater in 1910 than in 1900. The change which is thus shown for the past decade is a continuation of a tendency manifest for some time past. In 1880, 26.7 per cent of the popu- lation was under ten years of age; in 1890, 24.3 per cent; in 1900, 23.7 per cent; and in 1910, 22.2 per cent. Such a change might be due to any one or more of three causes — a declining birth rate, a change in mor- tality rates, or increased immigration. Doubtless the first and third causes are actually operative. Mor- tality statistics, however, indicate that there has been a relatively greater reduction, in death rates among children than among adults; consequently unless the birth rate had fallen off considerably one would have ex])ected, after allowing for other factors, a larger proportion of children in 1910 than in 1900. Table 5 AGE PERIOD. TOTAL POPULATION. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 1910 l‘H)0 All ages 91,972,266 75,994,575 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10,631,364 9,170,628 11.6 12.1 Under 1 year 2,217,342 1,916,892 2.4 2.5 5 to 9 years 9,760,632 8,874,123 10.6 11.7 10 to 14 years 9,107,140 8,080,234 9.9 10.6 15 tol9 years 9,063,603 7,556,089 9.9 9.9 20 to 24 years 9,056,984 7,335,016 9.8 9.7 25 to 29 years ; 8,180,003 6,529,441 8.9 8.6 30 to 34 years 6,972, 185 5,556,039 7.6 7.3 35 to 39 years 6,396,100 4,964,781 7.0 6.5 40 to 44 years 5,261,587 4, 247, 166 5.7 5.6 45 to 49 years 4,469,197 3,454,612 4.9 4.5 50 to 54 years 3,900,791 2,942,829 4.2 3.9 55 to 59 years 2,786,951 2,211,172 3.0 2.9 60 to 64 years 2,267,150 1,791,363 2.5 2.4 65 to 69 years 1,679,503 1,302,926 1.8 1.7 70 to 74 years 1,113,728 883,841 1.2 1.2 75 to 79 years 667,302 519,857 0.7 0.7 80 to 84 years 321,754 251,512 0.3 0.3 85 to 89 years 122,818 88,600 0.1 0.1 90 to 94 years 33, 473 23,992 (') (>) 95 to 99 years 7,391 6,266 (‘) (') 100 years and over 3,555 3,504 (‘) (‘) Age unknown 169,055 200, 584 0.2 0.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. It may be noted that the proportion of centena- rians, according to the census returns, was less in 1910 than in 1900. In fact, the proportion has steadily decreased from census to census for over half a cen- tury. The number of centenarians reported in 1910 was equal to 4 for each 100,000 of the total popula- tion, while the corresponding ratio m 1850 was 11. It is improbable that any such decrease in longevity has actually occurred. By no means have all those who report themselves as 100 years old or more, in fact, reached that age, and the apparent reduction in the proportion of centenarians is probably due to greater accuracy in the returns. Table 6 compares the distribution of the population at the last two censuses, by classes, among a more limited number of age periods. The most significant statistics in this table are those for the native whites of native parentage and the negroes, since the age distribution of these two classes is the least distorted by the influence of immigration. In both of these classes the proportion in the younger age periods was somewhat smaller in 1910 than in 1900, and the proportion in the older age periods somewhat greater. 128 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Tahlo c; AGE PERIOD. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE 1 Native parentage. VHITE. Foreign or mi.xed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 All agos, number' 91,972,266 75,994,575 49,488,575 40,949,362 18,897,837 15,646, 017 13,345,545 10,213,817 9,827,763 8,833,994 Under 5 years 10,631,3M 9,170,628 6,546,282 5,4<>4,881 2,674, 125 2, 402, 702 102,507 52,369 1,263,288 1, 215, 6.55 !> (,o 14 years 18,867,772 16, 954,357 11,185,298 9,834,610 4,551,444 4,304, 197 656,839 458, 757 2, 401,819 2,294, 748 1.5 to 24 years 18, 120, .587 14,891,105 9, 771, 977 8,040,562 4,078,683 3,3.56,443 2, 104, 142 1,481,228 2,091,211 1,951,194 25 to 44 y(!ars 26,809,875 21,297,427 12, 946, 441 10,272,124 5,210, 109 4, .393, 428 5,879,979 4,414,590 2,638,178 2, 103. 989 45 to (>4 years 13,424,089 10,399,976 6, 740,000 5, .509, 928 2,117,386 1,039,960 3,392,518 2,831,646 1,108,103 958,234 65 years and over 3,940,524 3,080,498 2,201,068 1,715,226 255,586 141, 146 1,183,349 950,347 294, 124 261,363 All ages, per cent 100.0 iOO.O 106.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.6 12.1 13.2 13.3 14.2 15.4 0.8 0.5 12.9 13.8 5 to 14 years 20.5 22.3 22.6 24.0 24. 1 27.5 4.9 4.5 24.4 26.0 15 to 24 years 19.7 19.6 19.7 19.6 21.6 21.5 15.8 14.5 21.3 22.1 25 1 () 44 years 29.1 28.0 ' 26.2 25.1 27.6 28.1 44.1 43.2 26.8 23.8 45 to 64 years 14.6 13.7 13.6 13.5 11.2 6.6 25.4 27.7 11.3 10.8 65 years and over 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.2 1.4 0.9 8.9 9.3 3.0 3.0 > Includes a small number of persons of unknown age. DIVISIONS AND STATES. Geographic divisions. — That very considerable dif- ferences exist among the divisions of the country with res])ect to the age distribution of the population will be seen from Table 7 and the accompanying diagram, which show, by percentages, the distribution of the total population of each of the nine geographic divi- sions in 1910 among certain broad age groups. Table 7 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION; 1910 AGE PERIOD. Now England. Middle Atlantic. East Nortb Cen- tral. West North Cen- tral. South Atlantic. East South Cen- tral. West South Cen- tral. Mountain. Pacific. All ages 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.8 10.6 10.5 11.3 13.6 13.8 14.1 11.6 8.6 5 to 1 4 years 17.4 18.4 19.1 20.6 24.0 24.3 24.7 19.5 15.6 15 to 24 years 18.3 19.4 19.3 20.2 20.4 20.4 20.6 19.2 18.7 25 to 44 years 31.4 31.7 29.8 28.4 25.8 25.4 26.0 32.4 35.2 45 to 64 years 17.1 15.4 16.1 14.8 12.6 12.4 11.6 14.0 16.9 6.3 years and over 5.9 4.4 5.1 4.6 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.0 4.5 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TOTAL POPULA- TION BY DIVISIONS: 1910. < PERCENT 40 20 O 20 40 60 60 Tlie factors producing these differences in age distri- bution arc comjilex. The racial comjiosition of the population, the extent to which it has been recruited by immigration from abroad and the ])eriods at which such imniigraition has chiefly occurred, the relative proportions of urban and rural population, and the degree in which the population has gained or lost through interstate migration are important causes affectmg the age distribution of the population of the several divisions, aside from the birth rates and death rates. In each of the four northern divisions, persons in the younger age periods form a smaller proportion of the total population, and those in the more advanced age periods a larger proportion, than in any of the three southern divisions. In considering these differ- ences it should be borne in mind that the northern divisions contain relatively a much larger urban population than the southern, and that they have received relatively far more foreign immigrants, while, on the other hand, the South has many more negroes than the North. The age period 25 to 44 years comprises a larger proportion of the total popu- lation in the Mountain and Pacific divisions than in any other division. Table 11, pages 131 and 132, shows, by divisions, the age distribution of the total population and of the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes in 1910, with comparative figures for 1 900. A detailed study of the absolute numbers and percentages for the several classes will help to explain the differences among the several divisions as regards the age distribution of the total population. It is of particular interest to compare thestatistics with reference to the native whites of native parentage — a class which is laz'gely represented in every geograjihic division, and whose age distribution is little affected by immigration from abroad, although much affected by migration from one division to another. For tliis class, considered by itself, differences in ago distribution appear between the Norfh, the South, and the West winch correspond ajiproximately to the differences between these sections with res])ect to the age distribution of the total population. There are relatively fewer children and relatively more persons in the [irirne of life and the older ages, in the northern divisions than in the southern. One explanation lor this fact may be that the birth rate has declined in the North more than in the South. In fact , t he North has lost more people in the jirimo of life by migration to the West than has the Soidh, and had there been no AGE DISTRIBUTION. 129 intorstato migration a still greater disparity wotild probably appear belweeii the North and the South in the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage. The most conspicuous contrast is that between the New England division and the West South Central. In the former in 1910 only 9.6 per cent of the native whites of native parentage were children under 5 years of age, while 29.2 per cent were 45 years of age and over. In the West South Central division 15.2 per cent of the persons in this class were \inder 5 years of age, and only 13.5 per cent were 45 years of age and over. Although the Mountain and Pacific divisions differ considerably from each other with respect to the age distribution of the native whites of native parentage, in both, as in the case of the total population of all classes, persons from 25 to 44 years of age — the most active ages — constitute a larger proportion of the population of this class than in any of the other divisions. This is undoubtedly due chiefly to migra- tion, especially from the northern divisions, to the West. States. — Table 12, pages 133 to 135, shows, in abso- lute numbers, by states, the age distribution of the total population and of each of the four most important color or race, nativity, and parentage classes. Table 13, page 136, presents percentages by age periods for the total population of each state. In interpreting the differences among the states, the causes already mentioned as affecting the conditions in the several geographic divisions should be borne in mind. in urban communities, as compared with 21,311,714 in rural communities. Such i)ersons constituted 53.8 per cent of the total urban population, but orily 43.2 per cent of the rural. Table 8 AGE PERIOD. population: 1910 PER CENT OF TOTAL. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. All ages ' 42, 623,383 49,348, 883 100.0 100 8 Under 5 years 4,200.291 6,431,073 9.9 13.0 5 to 9 years 3,773,917 5,986,715 8.9 12.1 10 to 14 years 3,627,408 5,479,732 8.5 11.1 15 to 19 years 4,003,271 5, 060, 3112 9.4 10.3 20 to 24 years 4,570,558 4,486,426 10.7 9.1 25 to 29 years 4,3.38,392 3,841,611 10.2 7.8 ,30 to 34 years 3,697,202 3,274,983 8.7 6.6 35 to 44 years 6, 133, 259 5,524,428 14.4 11.2 45 to 54 years 4, 185, 722 4,184,266 9.8 8.5 55 to 64 years 2,302,142 2,751,959 5.4 5.6 65 years and over 1,693,010 2,256,514 4.0 4.6 Under 5 years 4,200,291 6,431,073 , 9.9 13.0 5 to 14 years 7,401,325 11,466,447 17.4 23.3 15 to 24 years 8,573, 829 9.546,758 20.1 19.3 25 to 44 years 14, 168. 853 12,641,022 33.2 25.8 45 to 64 years 6,487,864 6,936,225 15.2 14.1 65 years and over 1,693,010 2,256,514 4.0 4.6 ■ Includes a small number of persons of imknown age. This great disparity is due cluefly to two causes: First, the fact that the foreign born, who when they immigrate to this country are mainly of adult age, go chiefly to the cities ; and, second, the fact that most of the native born who move from country to city are adults in the most active period of life. It is impossible to draw any conclusions as to the relative fecundity, or the relative longevity, of the ‘urban and the rural population from the statistics, because of the powerful effect of these two causes on the age distribution. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES. Urban and rural communities differ greatly with respect to the age distribution of the population, as appears from Table 8, which gives statistics for the United States as a whole in 1910, and from the accompanying diagram, which groups the ages into three main periods. Urban connnunities, as defined by the Census Bureau, compiise all incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that size. The absolute numbers presented in this table arc quite as significant as the jiercentages. In the United States as a whole there are many more persons in each of the age groups comprising persons under 20 years of age in the rural communities than in the urban communities, but in each of the age groups com- prising persons from 20 to 54 years of age, which embrace the most active period of life, there are more persons in urban than in rural communities. On the other hand, the mral communities contained more persons in advanced middle life and old age. The urban communities contamed in 1910 considerably less than half (46.3 per cent) of the total population of the country of all ages, but they contained over half (51.8 per cent) of the persons between 20 and 54 years of age. There were 22,925,133 persons between 20 and 54 72497°— 13 9 UNITED STATES UR \~ RU NEW ENGLAND | | 1 UR ww,. i 1 1 RU MIDDLE / \TLAN TIC 1 1 1 UR nu EAST NORTH CENTRAL 1 UR . 1 RU ''///A WEST NORTH CEh iTRAL 1 UR 'ly/y'". 1 1 1 RU( m I SO UTH ATLANTIC 1 UR rW '-A:':. RUI mm EASt SOUTH CEN TRAL 1 URI RU> 1 1 west’ south CE^ TRAL UR * * * RUi * W//M/M MOU^ 4TAIN 1 URi km 1 *r RUi m PACIFIC r URi * * 1 RUI WM 1 UNDER 16 946 AND OVER 130 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. The extent to which dilTerences between urban and States settled in rural districts, while most of the more niral communities appear in the principal color orrace, nativity, and parentage classes of the population may readily he seen from the percentages in the following table : Table 9 PER CENT OF TOTAL. AGE PERIOD . Native white. Foreign- born white. Negro. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Ur- Ru- Ur- Ru- Ur- Ru- Ur- Ru- ban. ral. ban. ral. ban. ral. ban. ral. AU ages 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.5 14.2 15.0 12.6 0.8 0.7 8.5 14.5 5 to 14 years 19.5 24.3 23.9 24.4 5.2 4.1 16.9 27.3 15 to 24 years 20.5 19.3 21.7 21.4 17.1 12.4 21.5 21.2 25 to 44 years 29.9 24.1 27.7 27.4 45.6 40. 1 36.6 23.2 45 to 64 years 14.0 13.4 10.7 12.2 23.9 29.5 13.1 10.6 65 years and over 4.3 4.5 1.1 1.8 7.3 12.8 2.9 3.0 It will be seen, for example, that in the case of the native whites of native parentage in urban com- munities in 1910, 11.5 per cent were under 5 years of age, as compared with 14.2 per cent in rural com- munities; on the other hand, 29.9 per cent in urban communities were from 25 to 44 years old, but only 24.1 per cent in rural communities. In the case of the foreign-born whites the percentage under 5 years was practically the same in urban as in rural com- munities, but persons from 25 to 44 years of age formed 45.6 per cent of the total number in urban communities and 40.1 per cent in rural communities. Especially striking is the contrast among the negroes ; 8.5 per cent of those in urban communities were under 5 years of age and 36.6 per cent between 25 and 44 years, as compared with 14.5 per cent and 23.2 per cent, respectively, of those in rural communities. In the case of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, however, the percentage under 5 years was higher in urban than in riiral communities, and there was very little difference between the two classes of communities with respect to the percentages in the age periods from 5 to 44 years. This exceptional con- dition is doubtless due to the fact that a fairly large proportion of the earlier immigrants into the United recent immigrants have gone to the cities and have contributed large numbers of children to the class of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage there. The dissimilarity between urban and rural com- munities with respect to ago distribution appears in the case of both sexes, as may be seen from the following table : Table lO AGE PERIOD. population : 1910 PER CENT OF TOTAL. Male. Female. Male. Female. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Ur- ban. Ru- ral. Ur- ban. Ru- ral. AU ages’ 21,496,181 25, 836, 096 21, 127, 202 23,512,787 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 2, 118, 706 3,261,890 2,081,585 3, 169, 183 9.9 12.6 9.9 13.5 5 to 14 years 3,689,561 5,836,315 3,711,764 5,630, 132 17.2 22.6 17.6 23.9 15 to 24 years 4,176,853 4,930,719 4,.396,976 4, 616, 0.39 19.4 19.1 20.8 19.6 25 to 44 years 7,341,394 6,713,088 6,827,459 5,927,934 34.2 26.0 32.3 25.2 45 to 64 years 3,320,534 3,842,798 3, 167,. 330 3,093,427 15.4 14.9 15.0 13.2 65 years and over. 782,062 1,203,914 910,948 1,052,600 3.6 4.7 4.3 4.5 1 Includes a small number of persons of unknown age. Table 14, pages 137 and 138, presents age statistics for the urban and rural population of each of the nine geographic divisions in 1910. The statements with regard to conditions in the country as a whole will be found to hold true, with little modification, in most of the geographic divisions. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 15, pages 139 to 143, shows, for each city of 100,000 inliabitants or more, in absolute numbers and percentages, the age distribution of the total population and of the most important color or race, nativity, and parentage groups. Table 16, pages 144 and 145, shows the age distribu- tion of the total population of each city of 25,000 to 100,000 inliabitants. The differences among the various individual cities with respect to age distribution are largely attributa- ble to differences in the extent to which the growth of such cities has been due to migration from abroad or from the smaller towns and rural districts of this country. It is impossible to draw any conclusions as to relative birtli rates or death rates from these statistics. 131 AGK DISTRIBUTION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE TOTAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900. [Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 11 DIVISION AND AGE PERIOD. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentiige. WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. 1»10 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 NEW ENGLAND. All ages, number 6,552,681 5,592,017 2,613,419 2,511, 110 2, 052, 709 1,579,044 1,814,386 1,436,872 66,306 59,099 Under 5 years 640,825 554,254 250,625 228,461 307, 949 307,059 16, 105 13, 158 5,876 5,382 6 to 14 years 1,140,498 978, 968 449,916 428,923 584,678 453,674 95,218 87,007 10, 201 8,9&3 15 to 24 years 1,198,566 1,021,419 430,857 414,188 426, 138 322,091 328,880 271,971 11,817 12,353 25 to 44 years 2,057,236 1,763,017 713,822 691,520 475,238 400, 453 839,818 646,365 25,680 21,267 45 to 64 years 1,123,675 930, 127 520, 495 510,0.33 179,502 85,401 412, 109 324,968 10,219 8,799 M years and over 384,027 328,992 243,514 228,459 18,434 9,596 119,540 88,848 2, .356 1,969 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.1 17.9 19.4 0.9 0.9 8.9 9.1 5 to 14 years 17.4 17.5 17.2 17.1 28.5 28.7 5.2 6.1 15.4 15.2 15 to 24 years 18.3 18.3 16.5 16.5 20.8 20.4 18.1 18.9 17.8 20.9 25 to 44 years 31.4 31.5 27.3 27.5 23.2 25.4 46.3 45.0 38.7 36.0 45 to 64 years 17.1 16.6 19.9 20.3 8.7 5.4 22.7 22.6 15.4 14.9 65 years and over 5.9 5.9 9.3 9.1 0.9 0.6 6.6 6.2 3.6 3.3 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. All ages, number 19,315,892 15,454,678 8,462,961 7,406,579 5,591,312 4,402, 167 4,826,179 3,302,116 417, 870 325,921 Under 5 years 2,050, 139 1,690,067 992,447 903,543 983,447 737,478 38,007 19, 141 35,298 29,075 5 to 14 years 3,545,324 3,039,428 1,766,924 1,653,930 1,431,837 1,166,317 284,076 167,909 60,674 49,621 15 to 24 years 3,741,376 2,891,567 1,638,953 1,397,388 1,105,167 880,876 912,575 534, 129 81,370 75,993 25 to 44 years 6,126,201 4,820,969 2,325,020 1,946,088 1,386,625 1,259,141 2,233,517 1,486,444 173,469 120,069 45 to 64 years 2,977,061 2,296,577 1,270,631 1,104,545 606,283 315,600 1,042,214 833,370 54,458 40,404 65 years and over 851,160 689,339 454,779 384,396 75,482 41,095 309, 187 254, 779 11,330 8,775 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.6 10.9 11.7 12.2 17.6 16.8 0.8 0.6 8.4 8.9 5 to 14 years 18.4 19.7 20.9 22.3 25.6 26.5 5.9 5.1 14.5 15.2 15 to 24' years 19.4 18.7 19.4 18.9 19.8 20.0 18.9 16.2 19.5 23.3 25 to 44 years 31.7 31.2 27.5 26.3 24.8 28.6 46.3 45.0 41.5 36.8 45 to 64 years 15.4 14.9 15.0 14.9 10.8 7.2 21.6 25.2 13.0 12.4 65 years and over 4.4 4.5 5.4 5.2 1.3 0.9 6.4 7.7 2.7 2.7 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. All ages, number 18,250,621 15,985,581 9,751,968 8,488,016 5,108,434 4,601,740 3,067,220 2, 620,297 300,836 257,842 Under 5 years 1,907,713 1,774,036 1,252,251 1,110, 104 608,706 631,722 ■< 20,898 8,476 23,428 21,827 5 to 14 years 3,480,718 3,422,521 2, 168, 860 2,016,739 1,135,301 1,255,734 125,826 99,131 46,047 47,145 15 to 24 years 3,529,212 3,052, 1.35 1,926,247 1,648,577 1,138,916 1,014,225 402,522 332,259 57,685 .54,250 25 to 44 years 5,436,564 4,651,020 2,533,247 2, 148,467 1,503,163 1,336,399 1,280,697 1,073,871 113,107 86,767 45 to 64 years 2,936,108 2,313,609 1,370,689 1,164,044 642,011 318,662 872,971 791,583 46,805 36,669 65 years and over 929,814 742,415 479,083 379, 154 77,691 42,794 359,558 310,416 12,333 9, 140 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.5 11.1 12.8 13.1 11.9 13.7 0.7 0.3 7.8 8.5 5 to 14 years 19.1 21.4 22.2 23.8 22.2 27.3 4.1 3.8 15.3 18.3 15 to 24 years 19.3 19.1 19.8 19.4 22.3 22.0 13.1 12.7 19.2 21.0 25 to 44 years 29.8 29.1 26.0 25.3 29.4 29.0 41.8 41.0 37.6 33.7 45 to 64 years 16.1 14.5 14.1 13.7 12.6 6.9 28.5 30.2 15.6 14.2 65 years and over 5.1 4.6 4.9 4.5 1.5 0.9 11.7 11.8 4.1 3.5 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. All ages, number 11,637,921 10,347,423 6,523,687 5,660,903 3,214,703 2,873,809 1,613,231 1,531,105 242, 662 237,909 Under 5 years 1,310,909 1,264,617 917,228 796,711 360,278 4.35,512 8,583 4,631 19, 127 21,510 5 to 14 years 2,400,375 2,395,946 1,530,803 1,422,353 765,238 861,660 54,184 51,7.30 40, 175 50,081 15 to 24' years 2,347,750 2,040, 145 1,322,316 1, 122, 79,3 790,586 667,035 177,511 189,629 49, 177 52,903 25 to 44 years 3,303,068 2,855,700 1,638,080 1,399,536 939,114 738,605 629,018 635,529 86,228 71,548 45 to 64 years 1,718,233 1,366,402 829,423 704, 131 322, 032 148,722 523,503 476,058 36,596 30, 893 532^623 ' 400^ 689 268^571 199*029 35*282 20 , 603 216! 414 170!262 9^954 8^427 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 year's 11.3 12.2 14.1 14. 1 11.2 15.2 0.5 0.3 7.9 9.0 5 to 14 years 20.6 23.2 23.5 25.1 23.8 30.0 3.4 ;i.4 16.6 21. 1 15 to 24 years 20.2 19.7 20.3 19.8 24.6 23.2 11.0 12.4 20.3 22.2 25 to 44 years 28.4 27.6 25.1 24.7 29.2 25.7 39.0 41.5 35.5 30.1 45 to 64 years 14.8 13.2 12.7 12.4 10.0 5.2 32.4 31.1 15.1 13.0 65 years and over 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.5 1.1 0.7 13.4 11.1 4.1 3.5 SOUTH ATLANTIC. All ages, number 12,194,895 10,443,480 7,341,205 6,107,314 439, 843 389,861 290,555 208,883 4,112,488 3,729,017 Under 5 years 1,657,219 1,447,579 1,027,812 856,012 54,686 44,433 2,575 880 570,516 545,284 5 to 14 years 2,920,908 2,627,533 1,746,118 1,527,854 88,228 84, 896 15,852 8,976 1,068,275 1,004,008 15 to 24 years 2,483,317 2, 190, 895 1,470,014 1,260,948 80,447 77,900 46,899 25, 866 883,929 824,522 25 to 44 years 3, 142, 195 2,513,571 1,864,458 1,464,497 131,872 1.30,885 126, 202 80,438 1,016,899 835,014 45 to 64 years 1,530,570 1,274,2.34 945,517 771,500 72, 172 43,495 69,007 64,9.56 442,299 393, 265 65 years and over 439,628 .361,355 278,967 214, 785 12,072 7, 909 29,089 27,089 119, 140 111,321 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 13. 6 13.9 14.0 14.0 12.4 11.4 0.9 0.4 13.9 14.6 5 to 14 years 24.0 25.2 23.8 25.0 20.1 21.8 5.5 4.3 26.0 26.9 15 to 24 years 20.4 21.0 20.0 20.6 18.3 20.0 16.1 12.4 21.5 22. 1 25 to 44 years 25.8 24.1 25.4 24.0 30.0 33.6 43.4 38.5 24.7 22.4 45 to 64 years 12.6 12.2 12.9 12.6 16.4 11.2 23.8 31.1 10.8 10.5 65 years and over 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5 2.7 2.0 10.0 13.0 2.9 3.0 132 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TUE TOTAL POPULATION, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. [Totals for all ages Include persons of unknown ago.] Table 1 1 — (Vintirmcd. NATIVE WHITE . DIVISION AND AGE PERIOD . ALL CLASSES . Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE . NEGRO . 1910 19U0 IDIO 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. All ages, number 8,409,901 7,547,757 5,452,492 4, 725, 774 214,977 229, 391 86,857 89, 682 2,652,513 2,499,886 Under 5 years 1, ICO, 471 1,05.5,904 796,697 688, 544 15,048 18,696 426 209 347, 803 348,061 5 to 14 years 2,040, 105 1,939,802 1,3:19,649 1,226,281 32, 183 44,517 3, 350 2,295 664,288 665,981 15 to 24 years 1 , 719, 229 1,601,614 1,102,123 98.5,975 38, 975 50,840 8, 430 7, 739 569,118 556,432 25 to 44 years 2, 134, 484 1,791,850 1,343, 403 1, 105, 897 79,934 86,826 29,973 29,155 680, 407 569, 198 45 to 64 years 1,043,077 891, 182 670, 749 561, 166 43,003 24, 157 28,941 34, 979 300, 000 270,496 65 years and over 297, 289 242, 903 193, 484 147, 702 5, 654 4,178 15,567 15,003 82, 481 75,917 AH ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 13.8 14.0 14.6 14.6 7.0 8.2 0.5 0.2 13.1 13.9 5 to 1 4 years 24.3 25.7 24.6 2-5.9 15.0 19.4 3.9 2.6 25.1 26:6 15 to 24' years 20.4 21.2 20.2 20.9 18.1 22.2 9.7 8.6 21.5 22.3 25 to 44 years 25.4 23.7 24.6 2 : 1.4 37.2 37.9 34.5 32.5 25.7 22.8 45 to 64 years 12.4 11.8 12.3 11.9 20.0 10.5 33.3 39.0 11.3 10.8 65 years and over 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.6 1.8 17.9 1.7 3.1 3.0 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. AU ages, number 8, 784, 534 6, 532, 290 5,767,449 4, 028, 944 605, 283 478, 111 348,759 264,010 1, 984,426 1,694,066 Under 5 years 1,2.35,658 960,174 877,638 632, 442 79,676 71, 493 5,909 2,862 258,012 242,448 5 to 1 4 years 2.171,364 1, 738, 339 1,. 359, 280 1,467,943 1,104,329 148,061 132, 5.35 27,4:15 17,987 505,974 464,426 15 to 24 years 1,812, 549 1,189,485 &37, 607 127,928 103,465 50, 406 :i5,908 429, 272 368,900 25 to 44 years 2,28.3,059 1, 564, 774 1,443,297 931,310 169,275 129,619 133, 434 101,620 519,967 387,871 45 to 64 years 1,016,938 723,989 632,834 427,889 70,917 35, 466 96,022 80,640 209,554 173, .389 65 years and over 246, 477 160,983 146,523 86,022 8,847 5,052 34,246 23, 709 55,073 44,970 All ages, per cent 100. 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 14. 1 14.7 15.2 15.7 13.2 15.0 1.7 1.1 13.0 14.3 5 to 14 years 24.7 26.6 25.5 27.4 24.5 27.7 7.9 6.8 25. 5 27.4 15 to 24 veal's 20.6 20.8 20.6 20.8 21.1 21.6 14.5 13.6 21.6 21.8 25 to 4 1 years 26.0 24.0 25.0 23. 1 28.0 27.1 38.3 38.5 26.2 22.9 45 to 64 years 11.6 11.1 11.0 10.6 11.7 7.4 27.5 30.5 10.6 10.2 65 years and over 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.1 9.8 9.0 2.8 2 7 MOUNTAIN. All ages, number 2,633,517 1,674, 657 1,466,624 855, 101 616,921 436,393 436,910 288,361 21,467 15,590 Under 5 years 305, 804 203,676 207,466 12-2,351 81,530 69,999 4,226 1,526 1,,350 981 5 to 14 years 5l'l,074 358,276 327, 827 204, 824 14.3,799 124, 566 19,668 10,733 2,648 2,010 15 to 24 years 505, 551 301,135 286,255 154, 449 135,298 92, 277 122, 401 64, 381 37,016 3,718 3,258 25 to 44 years 853,011 539,451 420,567 244, 051 187,832 207, 779 144,024 9,718 6,731 45 to 64 years 368, 028 216,386 179,465 101, 365 61,935 24,444 2, 409 110,164 75,959 3,350 2,083 65 years and over 78, 517 45,820 39,295 21,534 6,050 28, 183 18,093 548 282 All ages, per cent 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.6 12.2 14.1 14.3 13.2 16.0 1.0 0.5 6.3 6.3 5 to 14 years 19.5 21.4 22.3 24.0 23.3 28.5 4.5 3.7 12.3 12.9 15 to 24 years 19.2 18.0 19.5 18.1 21.9 21. 1 14.7 12.8 17.3 20.9 25 to 44 years 32.4 32.2 28.7 28.5 30.4 28.0 47.6 49.9 45.3 43.2 45 to 64 years 14.0 12.9 12.2 11.9 10.0 5.6 25.2 26.3 15.6 13.4 65 years and over 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 1.0 0.6 6.5 6.3 2.6 1.8 PACIFIC. All ages, number 4,192,304 2,416,692 2,108,770 1,165,621 1,053,655 655,501 861,448 472,491 29,195 14,664 Under 5 years 362,626 220, 321 224,118 126,713 122,805 86,310 5,778 1,486 1,878 1,087 5 to 14 years 655, 316 453, 544 387, 258 249, 377 222,119 180, 298 31,230 12,989 3,537 2,493 15 to 24 years 783,037 432, 915 405, 727 218, 637 235,228 147,674 112,538 46,711 5,125 2,583 25 to 44 yeais 1,474,057 797,075 664,547 340, 758 337,056 189, 099 399,541 217,144 12,703 5,524 45 to 64 years 710, 399 387, 470 320, 197 165,255 119,531 44,013 237,587 149, 133 4,822 2,245 65 years and over 189,989 108,002 96,852 54,145 16,074 7, 510 71,505 42, 148 909 553 AU ages, percent 100 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.6 9.1 10.6 10.9 11.7 13.2 0.7 0.3 6.4 7.4 5 to 14 years 15.6 18.8 18.4 21.4 21.1 27.5 3.6 2.7 12.1 17.0 15 to 24 years 18.7 17.9 19.2 18.8 22.3 22.5 13.1 9.9 17.0 17.6 25 to 44 veais .35.2 33.0 31.5 29.2 32.0 28.8 46.4 46.0 4.3.5 37.7 45 to 64 years 16.9 16.0 1.5.2 14.2 11.3 6.7 27.6 31.6 16.5 15.3 65 years and over 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 1.5 1. 1 8.3 8.9 3.1 3.8 133 AGE DISTRIBUTION. DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910. [Totals for all ages Include persons of unknown ago.) Tabic 12 AGE PERIODS. STATE AND CLASS OF POPULATION. All ages. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to U years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. \\9 to «4 years. to 44 years. 46 to 64 years. 55 to years. r>r> years and over. NEW ENGLAND Maine 742,371 71, 845 66,633 64,588 65,136 61,782 57,418 53,261 98,745 81,681 58,992 61,072 Native white — Native parentage 494,i)07 45,777 42, 179 41,593 41,114 38, 245 35, 594 34, 1,50 64,470 56, 861 44,914 49, 169 Native white— Foreign or mixed par l:?4,955 24,341 21,011 18,632 16, 207 11,361 8,626 7,074 11,832 8, 669 4,462 2,653 Foreign-born white 110,133 1,519 3,278 4, 162 7,562 11,945 12,981 11,862 22, 115 15, 885 9,429 9,113 Negro 1,303 117 80 117 145 134 135 102 18;j 145 117 83 New Hampshire Native white— Native parentage 430,572 39,581 36, 873 36,271 37,906 36, 853 33,675 31,794 60, 135 48,483 34, 269 34, 070 230, 231 19, 109 17,539 17,744 17,438 16,319 15,380 15,537 30,909 28,881 23, 991 26,916 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 101,117 19,307 16, 826 15, 179 12,931 8, 980 6,406 5,517 9, 076 5,494 2,373 984 Foreign-born white 90, 558 1,122 2,460 3,304 7,480 11,499 11,812 10, 684 20,038 14,014 7,868 6,131 Negro 564 40 44 40 53 45 66 45 86 78 28 36 Vermont 356,956 34, 171 32, 657 31,451 31,161 28, 785 27, 085 26,089 48,139 38,233 28,714 29, 262 Native white— Native parentage 229,382 23,657 22,433 21,496 20,665 17,935 16, 119 15,404 28,273 2,3, 154 19, 101 21,030 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 75,055 9,086 8,662 8, 186 7,600 5,773 5,157 5, 223 10, 122 7,883 4,415 2, .329 Foreign-born white 49,801 722 1,485 1,695 2,798 4,755 5,468 5, 235 9,545 7,092 5,132 5,860 Negro 1,621 102 73 72 97 320 341 224 191 99 62 39 Massachusetts 3,366,416 328, 886 294,846 284, 960 296,561 325,382 313,069 280,781 500,349 352,763 210,369 175, 015 Native white— Native parentage 1,103,429 108,005 94,675 93,355 92, 113 90,678 84,992 78,290 143,440 122,514 96, 040 97,594 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 1, 170,447 208, 865 175, 196 159,342 138, 856 105,751 82,994 71,987 119,426 72,936 26,129 8,605 Foreign-bom white 1,051,050 8,457 21,999 29,249 62,540 124,802 140,045 126, 126 229,986 152,894 86, 155 67, .545 Negro 38, 055 3,448 2,889 2,905 2,870 3,831 4,624 3,913 6,623 3,793 1,875 1,199 Rhode Island 542,610 54, 098 48,447 47,014 51,998 53,638 50,125 44,713 78,649 55, 073 32,972 25, 020 Native white — Native parentage 159, 821 16,347 14, 195 13,653 14,425 13, 875 12,659 11,390 19,985 16,347 13,525 12,976 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 194, 646 35, 140 29,057 26, 164 23,900 18,351 14, 126 12, 129 19, 164 11,076 4, 151 1,297 Foreign-bora white 178,025 1,704 4,417 6, 442 12, 873 20,488 22,220 20, 236 37,844 26,498 14,660 10,341 Negro 9, 529 862 754 714 772 887 1,061 897 1,541 1,049 587 379 Connecticut 1,114,756 112,244 101.486 95,272 101,025 108, 339 101,654 90.665 160,890 113,340 68,786 59,588 Native white — Native parentage 395,649 37,730 35,972 35,082 3.5,118 32,932 29,677 27,410 50, 137 41,661 33, ,506 35,829 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 374,489 70,610 56, 821 49,602 43, 828 32,600 25,391 22,528 38,460 23,967 7,947 20,402 2,566 Foreign-bom white 328,759 2,581 7,398 9,329 20, 847 41,291 44,904 39,144 69, 573 46, 080 20,5.50 Negro 15, 174 1,307 1,269 1,244 1,213 1,450 1,604 1,496 2,548 1,508 878 620 MIDDLE ATLANTIC New York 9,113,614 898.927 803,868 785,826 842,449 938.941 879,843 768, 304 1,312,175 921,991 632, 049 418,155 Native white — Native parentage 3, 230, .325 361,400 329,032 321,257 319, 190 307,767 271,508 232,654 383, 802 290,160 209, 120 197,165 Native wliite — Foreign or mixed par 3,007,248 505,752 391,857 359,612 330,065 267,736 217,423 201,975 356, 878 ,241,689 94,823 38,329 Foreign-bom white 2,729,272 20,845 73,849 96,319 182, 629 344,930 368, 870 316, 096 545,585 376, 759 222, 259 178,845 Negro 134, 191 10,061 8,287 7,930 9,818 17,481 20,673 16,201 23,210 11,468 5,228 3,473 New Jersey 2,537,167 266,942 242, 279 228.695 236.541 250.613 236, 172 213,082 366, 285 248,298 138,417 107,087 Native white — Native parentage 1,009,909 114,416 107,428 100, 707 98,344 92,798 82, 183 74, 102 126,258 93, 120 62,948 55,943 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 777,797 139, 219 111,580 101,190 90,453 69, 058 54,870 49,690 83,792 52,119 18,210 7,330 Foreign-bom white 658, 188 5,360 15,980 19, 885 40, 247 78,486 88,346 80,021 140,759 94,353 53, 191 40,998 Negro 89,760 7,922 7,261 6, 878 7,428 10,124 10, 575 9,058 15,034 8,432 3,999 2,808 Pennsylvania 7,665,111 884,270 773,091 711,565 722, 479 750,353 706, 682 612, 731 1,030,927 713,751 422, 555 325,918 Native white — Native parentage 4,222,727 516,631 468, 154 440, 346 427, 080 393,774 349, 846 301,404 503, 263 367,775 247,508 201,671 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 1,806,267 338,476 253,061 214,537 197,763 1.50,092 119, 154 107,689 195, 1.54 137, 836 61,606 29,823 Foreign-bom white 1,438,719 11,802 36,353 41,690 81,499 184,784 212, 682 182,468 298,690 190, 180 105,472 89,344 Negro 193, 919 17,315 15,478 14, 840 15,406 21,113 24,684 20,845 33, 189 17,489 7,.S42 5,049 EAST NORTH CENTRAL Ohio 4,767,121 479,475 438.899 425,602 446,912 453,526 426, 693 377,912 650.864 486,039 313,086 261,810 Native white — Native parentage 3,033,259 355, 022 325,556 310,315 309, 180 287,729 255,233 217,514 358, 785 2f>4,800 186,436 1.58,346 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 1,024,393 111,058 91, 186 91,853 101,443 93, 338 86,093 83,953 160, 235 121,530 55, 404 27,831 Foreign-bom white 597, 245 4,453 13,518 14,439 26,392 60, 583 73,238 66, 124 113,946 88,106 64,802 70,586 Negro 111,452 8, 921 8,621 8,904 9,855 11,801 12,033 10,232 17, 701 11,442 6,416 5,037 Indiana 2,700,876 275. 524 264.947 255.568 259,149 251.288 229,494 198, 186 354,468 276,935 182,336 149,474 Native white — Native parentage 2,130,088 243,438 231,980 220,593 217,257 200,394 175,641 146,057 253,621 195,954 1.34,413 108,061 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 350,551 26,309 25,286 27,334 31,228 30, 816 30, 1,58 30,738 62,840 50,868 23,343 11,440 Foreign-born white 159,322 985 2,741 2,608 5,150 13,579 17,023 15,818 28,536 23,881 21,130 27,460 Negro 60,320 4,763 4,907 4,984 5,452 6,444 6,610 5,517 9,362 6,136 3,424 2,498 Illinois 5,638,591 597,989 546. 868 520, 955 544,891 577, 168 530,920 450, 303 767. 763 542, 677 300, 808 243,374 Native white — Native parentage 2,600,555 347,529 311,147 280,757 270,851 252,705 216, 102 174,415 285,883 204,574 132,286 113,391 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 1,723,847 233,731 202,223 205,728 214,060 185, 887 148,292 125,670 213,278 132,573 44, 435 16,865 Foreign-born white 1,202,560 8,417 25,584 26,054 51,1.35 126,518 152,753 137,965 248,829 194,418 118,785 109,379 Negro 109,049 8,248 7,873 7,768 8,731 11,792 13,392 11,905 19,073 10,656 5,175 3,722 Michigan.. 2,810,173 298,554 275,367 258.480 266.830 264,680 240, 313 210, 982 361,137 287, 157 186, 707 156,519 Native white — Native parentage 1,224,841 164,742 140,262 122, 405 117,366 108, 394 94,216 80, 463 1.34,253 107,095 80,059 73,130 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 964,882 127,010 121,806 120,812 125,658 103,445 81, 537 66,246 106,107 68,509 29, 177 14,173 Foreign-born white 595,524 4,586 11,135 13,097 21,641 50, 476 62,199 62, 264 117,146 108,8.32 75,809 67,758 Negro' 17,115 1,285 1,273 1,276 1,378 1,712 1,821 1,5.50 2,731 1,928 1,168 938 Wisconsin 2,333,860 256,171 247.878 246, 154 242,671 222, 097 191,970 163,927 281,632 225, 905 134.458 118,637 Native white — Native parentage 763,225 141,520 120,747 105,038 90,975 71,396 52,397 36,945 51,722 38, 484 26,588 26,155 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 1,044,701 110,598 118,021 131,052 136, 187 116, 854 95,174 80,531 132,311 86,983 29, 189 7,382 Foreign-born white 512, 569 2,457 7, .521 8,529 14,291 32,757 43,336 45,565 95,955 99,253 77,9.55 84,375 Negro 2,900 211 189 192 223 297 382 293 505 312 148 138 WEST NORTH CENTRAL Minnesota 2, 075, 708 226, 840 220,233 214,402 215, 148 216,670 187,438 153,195 252, 868 193, 399 104,460 86, 057 Native white — Native parentage 575,081 101,321 84,034 69,979 61,684 55,330 44,225 32,886 48,153 3.5,164 21,007 18,109 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 941,1.36 121,701 127,649 134,549 136,226 114,824 84,412 63, 164 90,507 49,636 13,648 4,312 Foreign-born white 543,010 2,143 6,952 8,3.39 15,8.30 45,064 57,100 55,651 111,587 107,090 69,043 62,984 Negro 7,084 382 336 375 436 709 1,055 1,009 1,543 738 258 181 Iowa 2,224,771 236,063 228,422 222, 577 225,010 211,404 183.993 159,711 276,555 216,151 135,734 125, 400 Native white — Native parentage 1,303,526 178,844 162,247 147,580 139,112 121,004 99,652 81,565 134,187 103,216 69,547 64,039 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 632, 181 54,704 01,755 70,382 77,211 71,837 61,131 54,317 90,669 59,092 21,098 9,521 Foreign-born white 273,484 1,207 3,031 3,368 7,309 16,967 21,621 22,468 49, 176 52, 190 44,266 51,228 Negro 14,973 1,245 1,348 1,215 1,316 1,506 1,501 1,313 2,434 1,602 804 591 134 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DISTIULUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF TUE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1910— Continued. [Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 12— Continued. .STATU AND CLASS Of POPULATION. WEST NORTH CENTRAL (lontd. Missouri Native while — Native parentage Native while — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born w'hitc Negro North Dakota Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed jiar Foreign-born wliite Negro South Dakota Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born white Negro Nebraska Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born white Negro Kansas Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro SOUTH ATLANTIC Delaware Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-lxim white Negro Maryland Native white — Native parentage Nati ve white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born white Negro District of Columbia Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born white Negro Virginia Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro West Virginia Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro North Carolina Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-born white Negro South Carohna Native wtiite — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negio Georgia Native white— Native parentage Nativewhite — Foreignormixedpar Foreign-born white Negro Florida Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mi.xed par Foreign-bom white Negro EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Kentucky Native white — Native parentage. . - Native white— Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom white Negro Tennessee Native white — Native parentage Native while — Foreign or mixed par Foreign-bom wliito Negro AGE PERIODS. All ages. Under 5 5 to 9 10 to 14 16 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 64 55 to 64 65 years years. years. years. years. years. years. years. years. years. years. andover. 3,293,335 360,503 338,232 324, 191 334,073 319,770 286,284 247,044 427, 038 308,907 189,543 150,253 2,387,83.5 310, 107 284,909 263,880 259,674 231,297 195, .509 160,203 265,761 189,215 124,082 97,505 518,201 36,795 36,450 42,829 52,029 53,991 51,797 50, 740 94,897 64,610 24,085 9,618 228,890 1,257 4,061 4,241 7,563 16,873 21,233 21,363 42,018 39,601 33,085 37, 101 157,4.52 12,299 12,768 13, 190 14,765 17,527 17,652 14,647 24, 148 15,283 8,212 6,014 577, 056 82,399 69,927 59, 392 56,699 61,631 56,726 44,996 65,448 43,644 21,697 12,898 102,401 31,110 22,929 17,170 15,175 16, 477 15, 128 11,365 15, 195 9,379 4,815 2,721 251,230 48,907 41,770 35, 190 32,270 28, 423 21,465 14,801 17, 1.54 8,063 2,272 618 150, 158 1,397 4,310 6,166 8,508 16, 175 19,604 18,393 32,378 25,584 14,151 9,224 017 37 34 30 36 82 104 73 109 54 36 8 583,888 73,489 66,933 60,021 68, 642 62, 994 54,885 43,212 65, 763 49,177 28,111 19,288 245,052 42,022 33,2.39 26,812 24,3^9 25,908 21,847 16,085 22,743 16, 174 9,325 6,221 217,491 28,229 29,722 29,083 28,909 27, 136 21,325 15,066 20, 143 11,907 3,979 1,238 100,028 609 1,685 2,044 3,563 8,334 10,268 10, 154 20,686 19,275 13, 184 10,517 817 00 60 62 61 98 110 84 148 81 28 25 1,192,214 140,096 128,086 121,782 124,518 123, 104 105, 572 86, 136 138,123 106,507 65,550 50,771 042,075 96,668 79,982 69,690 66,875 03,294 63,141 41,959 65,019 48,918 31,481 23,648 362,353 41,591 44,700 48,604 51,790 45,889 35,084 26,465 35,589 21,022 7,912 3,505 175,805 883 2,485 2,614 4,830 12,585 15,777 16,400 3.5,622 35, 485 25,610 23,228 7,089 477 487 438 553 892 1,143 933 1,439 800 326 183 1,690,949 191,519 177, 868 168,309 170, 503 167,584 144,369 122,416 201,296 153, 178 102, 175 87,953 1,207,057 157,150 140,609 127,737 124,481 117,596 98,713 82, 156 132,588 99,288 67,812 56,328 292, 105 28,351 29, 745 32,810 35,950 34,101 28,687 24,222 36,879 23,950 10,758 6,470 135,190 1,087 2,430 2,4.58 4,018 9,892 11,505 11,634 24,374 24,557 20,382 22,132 54,030 4,627 4,861 4,971 5,518 5,678 5,266 4,263 7,254 5,248 3,126 2,952 202, 322 20, 045 19,197 19,308 19, 460 19,256 17,303 15, 173 26, 954 21,384 13, 412 10, 465 127,809 13,038 12,450 12,577 12,536 11,815 10,516 9,176 15,966 13,257 9,110 7,200 25,873 3,803 3,066 2, 790 2,821 2,243 1,842 1,784 3,304 2,611 1,070 514 17,420 115 365 399 873 2, 054 2,357 1,977 3,517 ' 2,605 1,595 1,510 31,181 3,089 3,315 3,540 3, 228 3,142 2,583 2,233 4,154 2,903 1,635 1,240 1,295,346 137,714 133, 682 129, 605 127, 973 123,240 110, 005 95,786 170, 657 126, 669 77,941 60,667 706,027 90,049 85,863 82,671 80,063 73,488 03,469 54,402 91,107 66,333 43,816 34,720 191,838 21,065 19,392 19,329 19, 400 16, 764 14,651 14,346 28,822 23,079 10,401 4,415 104,174 610 2,013 2,997 5,027 9,302 10,817 10,417 20,494 16,327 12,430 12,952 232,250 25,987 25,809 24,595 23,398 23,591 21,023 16,570 30,097 20,822 11,264 8,575 331, 069 26,669 25,312 24, 649 28,112 34, 424 35, 113 31, 029 53,234 34, 076 20, 199 17,017 106,711 15,476 14,328 13,478 15,018 17,060 16,605 14,803 24,268 15,715 10,247 9,128 45,006 3,746 3,324 3,415 3,626 3,913 4,186 4,559 8,477 5,684 2,584 1,484 24,351 139 457 525 820 2,073 2,699 2,655 5,109 3,479 2,850 3,439 94,446 7,290 7,192 7,211 8,020 11,333 11,572 8,983 15,255 9,088 4,492 2,957 2,061,612 268, 825 256, 490 237, 563 217,272 195,308 161,302 135, 073 229,738 165,406 106, 877 84,981 1,32.5,238 176,905 163,215 149,393 137,127 122, 789 102,976 89,105 146,677 106,038 72,477 57,083 37,943 4,984 4,323 3,937 3,802 3,373 2,782 2,670 5,039 3,708 1,880 1,421 20, 028 232 757 778 1,215 2,587 3, 163 2,889 5,517 3,843 2,614 2,944 671,090 86,555 88, 123 83,395 75,047 66,503 52,324 40,358 72,406 51,730 29,86)3 23,521 1,221,119 169,118 148, 179 131,027 125,145 121,514 107, 325 88,338 139,788 90, 793 55,756 42, 192 1,042,107 151,585 134,338 119,445 110,029 99,617 84,900 70,353 112,001 74,614 47,716 36, 207 57, 638 9,816 5,874 4,063 4,481 4,189 4,325 4,333 8,547 6, 586 3,075 1,706 57,072 739 1,687 1,490 4,0.50 8,803 9,818 7,883 10,720 5,392 3,074 3,019 04,173 6,974 6,274 5,424 6,575 8,891 8,265 5,754 8,484 4,187 1,886 1,257 2, 206,287 332, 792 294,900 265,964 242, 678 209, 575 167,661 133, 478 208,910 160,313 108, 660 77, 688 1,485,718 222,869 192,444 174,395 100,398 138, 037 113, 527 93, 627 144,243 111,774 78, 176 55,002 8,851 1,1.59 1,0,34 990 914 732 629 588 1,164 7('.3 484 385 5,942 60 148 202 275 573 646 644 1,279 946 579 575 097,843 107,297 100,151 89,416 80, 253 09,485 52, 293 38,240 61,526 40, 260 29,083 21,428 1,515,400 228, 459 208, 780 192, 406 172,674 151,470 118,317 91,750 145, 002 95,257 64, 822 44, 092 001,970 98,624 84,620 76,880 72, 236 (51,660 53,479 44,0.52 66,149 46,668 .33,030 20,959 11,137 1,015 939 999 1,0.32 9K2 923 872 1,783 1,411 721 438 0,0,54 46 97 145 251 485 637 005 1,221 925 771 858 83.5,843 128,712 123,067 114,341 99,118 8.5,305 63, 217 46,194 75,811 46,216 30,280 21,817 2, 609, 121 376, 641 347,369 316,217 280,383 260, 140 214,260 169,314 281,876 182, 090 116,968 80,729 l,:i91,0.58 206,419 181,409 100,352 147, 305 132,813 111,945 94,109 139,556 99, 724 69, 638 40,360 'JT), ()72 2,607 2,325 2,427 2,476 2,487 2,206 2,110 3,866 2,819 1,458 867 15,072 9! .32.5 393 (if.S 1,519 1,801 1,606 3,128 2,36.2 1,612 1,535 1,176,987 167,498 163, 294 152,029 129,923 123,295 9'8, 274 71,459 115,255 77,110 44,235 31,959 752, 619 96, 956 90,941 80,319 76, 095 78, 698 09, 177 56, 005 89,637 56, 831 33, 116 21,797 373, 907 52, 787 46,86.2 41,398 38,8.53 36,164 .30, .5.52 26,265 40, 630 28,170 19,008 12,308 35, 825 6,491 5,109 4,292 .3,987 3,165 2,400 2,032 3,632 2,482 ],3,56) 842 33,842 543 1,144 1,.330 2,350 3,917 4,109 3,583 6,911 4,751 2,852 2,257 308,009 37,114 37,811 33,288 30, 891 35,331 32,084 24,089 38,380 21,36.0 9,885 0,386 2,239,905 294, 503 272, 758 252,905 241,622 215,210 181,948 155,036 266, 143 192,436 120, 124 94, 124 1,803,194 262,!»27 239,453 210,903 201,728 174,083 143,372 120,049 199, 484 140,311 91,687 71,316 124, 704 5,878 6,81,3 8,513 10,798 11,. 360 11,795 12,951 26,017 20,225 7,470 2,8a3 40,053 113 369 408 8!)7 1,885 2, 60S 2,731 6,609 7,345 7,611 9,497 261,6.56 25,541 20,087 26,984 28, 103 27,856 24,148 19,294 31,000 21,494 13, 441 10,.')03 2,184,789 294,591 269,019 243,328 237, 672 211,093 177, 423 145, 809 234, 926 173,112 110,722 83, 464 1,054, OIK! 2.34,792 20!), 798 186, 170 178,873 155,092 130,106 108,758 173,852 127, 151 84,638 63,074 38, :i67 3,087 2,977 3,323 3,072 3,514 3, 362 3,6.50 0,712 4, 780 2, 108 1,241 18,459 W) 375 4(>0 738 1,278 1,684 1,634 3, .354 3,223 2,003 2,987 473,088 56,680 55,^45 53,344 .54,363 61,187 42, 188 31,848 50,969 37,930 21,357 16, 166 AGl^] DISTIUBUTION 135 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION, BY STATES: 1 910 -Continued. [Totals for all ages Include persons of unknown age.) Table 12— Continued, STATIC AND CLASS OF POPULATION. All ages. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL— Contd. Alabama 2, 138,093 311,716 284, 802 253, 196 Native white— Native jiarentage 1,177,459 183,253 158,514 136,874 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 32,417 4, 127 3,703 3,504 Foreign-bom white 18,950 151 514 578 Negro 908,282 123,991 121,935 112, 129 Mississippi 1,797,114 259,661 244, 273 219,914 Native white — Native parentage 757,233 115,725 102,200 89,677 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 19,489 1,956 1,065 1,685 Foreign-bom white 9,389 63 280 366 Negro 1,009,487 141,691 139,945 128,019 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL Arkansas 1, 574, 449 230, 701 209,661 179; 879 Native white— Native parentage 1,077,509 169,391 146,929 122,986 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 36,608 3,800 3, 768 3,769 Foreign-bom white > . 16,909 107 348 388 Negro 442,891 57,330 58,552 52,679 Louisiana 1,636,388 224, 069 218,743 193,791 Native white— Native parentage 776,587 119,812 111,077 97,023 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 112,717 11,353 10,416 9,115 Foreign-bom white 51,782 326 1,123 1,597 Negro 713,874 92,439 95,985 85,917 Oklaboma 1, 657, 155 241,904 217, 775 186, 069 Native white — Native parentage 1,310,403 199,142 176, 349 148,985 Native wliite — Foreign or mixed par 94,044 10,201 10,565 10,492 Foreign-bom wliite 40,084 280 740 866 Negro 137,612 18, 186 18,269 16,208 Texas 3,896,542 538,934 508, 654 456, 792 Native white — Native parentage 2,602,950 389,293 353,946 310,648 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 361,914 54,322 51,510 48,426 Foreign-bom white 239,984 5,196 10, 208 12,165 Negro 690,049 90,057 92,903 85,461 MOUNTAIN Montana 376,053 38,323 34, 179 29, 686 Native white— Native parentage 162,127 20,167 17,192 14, 191 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 106,809 15,841 14,067 12,755 Foreign-bom white 91,644 746 1,442 1,432 Negro 1,834 105 96 95 Idaho 325,594 40, 444 36, 132 31,902 Native white — Native parentage 203,699 31,561 26,624 22,323 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 75,195 8,149 8,535 8, 685 Foreign-bom white 40,427 253 555 582 Negro 651 40 33 19 Wyoming 145,965 15,331 13, 049 10, 829 Native white — Native parentage 80, 696 10, 218 8,445 6,942 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 32,504 4,585 3,766 3,210 Foreign-born white 27,118 206 531 443 Negro 2,235 109 102 56 Colorado 799, 024 82,562 75,616 69,688 Native white — Native parentage 475, 136 56, 192 49, 888 45,023 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 181,428 24,431 21,912 20,385 Foreign-bom white 126,851 978 2,847 3,251 Negro 11,453 708 755 807 New Mexico 327,301 45,285 41, 026 34, 408 Native white — Native parentage 255,609 37,019 33,385 28, 190 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 26,331 4,241 3,482 2,951 Foreign-born white 22,654 494 925 837 Negro 1,628 150 134 106 Arizona 204,354 24, 778 21,917 18,091 Native white — Native parentage 82,468 11,130 9,355 7,584 Native white— Foreign or mixed par 42. 176 7,986 6,054 4,783 Foreign-born white 46, 824 1,0,56 2,044 2,073 Negro 2,009 156 162 130 Utah 373,351 52, 698 45, 875 40, 070 Native white— Native parentage 171,663 37,324 29,774 22, 956 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 131,527 14,401 14,515 15,441 Foreign-born white 63,. 393 425 1, 128 1,305 Negro 1, 144 56 62 55 Nevada 81,875 6,383 5,670 4, 936 Native white — Native parentage 35,326 3,855 3,315 2,640 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 20,951 1,896 1.652 1,606 Foreign-born white 17,999 68 144 129 Negro 513 26 18 18 PACIFIC Washington 1,141,990 108,756 99,678 92, 802 Native white — Native parentage 585,386 66, 713 58,957 53,068 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 282,528 37, 786 34,429 33,243 Foreign-born white 241,197 1,826 4, 443 4,937 Negro 6,058 289 252 274 Oregon 672, 765 60,211 56,923 55,776 Native white — Native parentage 416,851 44,584 40,775 38,203 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 135, 238 14,085 13,791 15,048 Foreign-bora white 103,001 658 1,584 1,651 Negro 1,492 70 63 54 California 2,377,549 193, 659 176, 192 173,945 Native white — Native parentage 1,106,533 112,821 100, 262 95, 933 Native white — Foreign or mixed par 635, 889 70,934 62, 259 63,349 Foreign-bora white 517,250 3,294 8,644 9,971 Negro 21,645 1,519 1,427 1,467 ■VGE PERIODS. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 21» years. J50 to 84 years. :ir> to 44 years. 45 to 54 years. 65 to years. 65 years and over. 229, 517 211,405 177,557 136, 889 209, 632 159,614 94, 409 65,363 126,039 113,226 94,509 76,628 111,005 84,461 55,787 35,8.53 3,435 2,786 2,496 2,320 4,310 3,2.52 1,537 919 806 1,626 2,139 2,041 3,628 3,420 2,224 1,793 99,130 93,670 78,334 55,845 90,450 68,415 34,834 26,770 196,241 176,469 148,983 117,631 182, 607 115,235 77, 426 64,338 81,418 71,064 60,404 50,498 74,618 50,440 36,244 23,241 1,717 1,693 1,653 1,655 3,113 2,315 1,316 691 441 759 859 884 1,802 1,403 1,212 1,290 112,527 102,222 85,954 64,490 102,887 60,962 38,567 29,053 173, 888 151,760 129, 133 104,721 160, 994 116,729 69,735 44, 898 118,910 100,954 85,118 70,488 106,404 75,024 49,298 30,801 4,015 3,538 3,109 2,793 5,087 3,795 1,845 1,072 593 1,008 1,376 1,688 3,366 3,438 2,386 2,182 50,309 46,220 39,488 29,729 46,066 34,411 16,188 10,827 175,227 164,915 141,905 113, 662 184, 442 115, 190 69,725 49,733 86,829 77,362 63,928 51,258 74,426 45,704 28,815 17,808 9,107 9,001 9,258 9,903 20,576 14,833 6,445 2,605 2,315 4,335 4,918 4,913 9,748 8,219 6,789 7,391 76,868 74,119 63,677 47,489 79,455 46,232 27,581 21,886 174, 402 159,009 139,209 116,018 185, 400 122, 694 70, 513 41,045 139,613 125,836 108,971 90,493 142,589 92,236 53, 861 30,215 10,237 9,141 8,282 7,526 12,760 8,926 3,920 1,937 1,353 3,058 4,076 4,161 8,849 7,722 4,930 3,900 14,974 14,344 12,601 9,662 14,744 9,688 5,042 3,303 423, 270 390, 078 329,776 268, 948 408,851 280,369 171,983 110, 801 285,709 254,272 213,634 176,838 259, 150 174,705 113,191 67,699 44,709 38, 180 30,010 24,296 35,675 22,378 8,775 3,233 15, 412 22,332 24,222 22,443 43,674 36,962 25,576 20,773 77,329 75, 109 61,727 45,249 70,080 46,087 24,325 19,057 29, 864 43,147 44,264 36,701 56, 109 36, 149 15, 675 9,085 13,696 18,433 18,111 14,457 20,971 13,247 6,291 3,999 11,829 11,974 10,056 8,087 11,946 7,047 2,273 846 3,162 11,399 14,700 12,858 20,963 14,188 5,941 3,539 104 179 238 218 389 216 125 47 30, 270 31,997 31,055 27, 007 42, 866 29, 290 14,586 8,940 20,084 19,320 17,666 15,053 22,449 15,058 7,918 4,737 8,528 8,149 7,575 6,487 10,317 6,056 1,909 745 1,273 3,975 5,049 4,804 9, 109 7,399 4,241 2,997 33 78 99 78 133 78 36 22 11,488 19,373 19,533 15,093 20, 606 12,068 5,546 2,796 6,972 10, 341 9,828 7,466 10,0.50 5,882 2,920 1,469 3,249 4,113 3,561 2,800 4,030 2, 173 714 291 1,016 4,009 5,018 3,934 5,636 3,602 1,718 948 97 428 488 401 331 137 46 26 71,045 79, 050 78,885 69,313 116,508 83,259 44, 022 26, 727 45,013 47,056 44,915 38,494 62,286 43, 758 24,742 16, 016 20,401 18,306 15,957 13, 726 22, 749 15,016 5,988 2,438 4,521 12,035 15, 821 15, 220 28, 559 22,811 12,581 7,891 852 1,101 1,384 1,263 2,279 1,380 553 306 32,457 30,931 27,923 22,993 39,115 26,912 16,071 9,686 26, 272 24, 176 21,060 16,984 28,833 20.074 12,272 6,950 2,724 2,397 2,0.84 1,871 3,243 2,042 869 408 1,288 2,595 3,054 2,032 4,423 3,152 1,883 1,327 123 152 206 196 272 146 80 58 17,389 20,756 21,975 18,446 28,327 17,195 9,049 6,794 6,876 8,226 8, 729 7,375 10,666 6,610 3,526 2, 073 4,355 4,055 3,644 3,069 4,404 2,482 918 381 2,778 5,994 7,238 5,968 9,426 5,474 2,913 1,763 136 192 251 209 420 211 90 44 37, 464 37, 019 33,765 27,416 41,394 28,419 15,563 12, 369 18,587 15,570 12, 191 8,564 11,262 7,662 4, 156 2,907 16, 289 15,283 13,921 11,706 17,718 9,261 2,263 621 2,169 5,393 6,689 6.227 11,323 10,950 8,852 8,554 70 117 156 184 215 109 51 25 5,263 8, 038 9,606 9,280 14,831 9,240 4,984 3,120 2,451 3,182 3,754 3,663 5,742 3,534 1,815 1,144 1,585 2,061 2, 473 2,491 3,917 2, 137 787 320 665 2, 109 2,643 2,100 4,025 2,694 1,765 1,164 15 41 63 SO 135 64 28 20 99,647 122, 058 126, 074 106,963 167,435 117,405 57, 805 36, 573 54, 227 61, 2,31 60, 026 50,064 76,574 52.487 28, 171 18,910 35, 244 30, 962 26,387 21,471 32,313 20,005 7,365 3,105 8,302 25, 493 34, 402 31,160 53,328 41,985 20, 900 13,479 325 642 953 886 1,330 675 211 111 60, 749 70, 428 69,730 69,263 97, 451 72,394 39,962 28, 153 39,423 42,849 40, 821 34,561 55, 124 39.356 22, 742 17, 170 16,649 15,706 13, 632 11,136 17, 291 10,974 4,521 2,329 3,721 10,349 13,477 12,063 21,938 18, 272 10, 962 7,926 67 156 202 212 371 181 71 37 196,034 234, 121 246, 426 225, 610 375, 105 268, 171 156, 662 125,263 100,304 107, 693 104, 142 92,064 151,171 109,346 68,095 60, 772 69,869 66, 798 62, 805 58,503 93,458 55,605 21,061 10,640 18, 080 46,593 63, 691 59,958 109, 524 86,499 58,969 50, 160 1,752 2. 183 2,573 2,296 3,880 2,546 1,138 761 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. 1 Pcrcontaf'os based on total population, which includes a small number of persons of unknown age.] ] 8 () 'raitio i:i PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION. PER CENT— CONDENSED AGE GROUPING. DIVISION AND STATE. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years. 46 to 54 years. 55 to 64 years. 05 years and over. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 25to44 years. 45 to 64 years. 65 years and over. United States 11.6 10.6 9.9 9.9 9.8 8.9 7.6 12.7 3.1 5.5 4.3 11.6 20.5 19.7 29.1 14.6 4.3 Geoguapiiic divisions: New England 9.8 8.9 8.5 8.9 9.4 8.9 8.0 14.5 10.5 6.6 5.9 9.8 17.4 18.3 31.4 17.1 6.9 Middle Atlantic 10.6 9.4 8.9 9.3 10.0 9.4 8.3 14.0 9.8 5.7 4.4 10.6 18.4 19.4 31.7 15.4 4.4 Kast North Central 10.5 9.7 . 9-4 9.6 9.7 8.9 7.7 13.2 10.0 6.1 5.1 10.5 19.1 19.3 29.8 16.1 5.1 West North Central 11.3 10.6 10.1 10.2 10.0 8.8 7.4 12.3 9.2 5.6 4.6 11.3 20.6 20.2 28.4 14.8 4.6 South Atlantic 13. G 12.5 11.4 10.6 9.8 8.2 6.7 10.9 7.6 4.9 3.6 13.6 24.0 20.4 25.8 12.6 3.6 East South Central 13.8 12.7 11.5 10.8 9.7 8.2 6.6 10.6 7.6 4.8 3.5 13.8 24.3 20.4 25.4 12.4 3.5 West South Central 14.1 13.1 11.6 10.8 9.9 8.4 6.9 10.7 7.2 4.3 2.8 14.1 24.7 20.6 26.0 11.6 2.8 Mountain 11.0 10.4 9.1 8.9 10.3 10.1 8.6. 13.7 9.2 4.8 3.0 11.6 19.5 19.2 32.4 14.0 3.0 Pacific 8.6 7.9 7.7 8.5 10.2 10.5 9.3 15.3 10.9 6.1 4.5 8.6 15.6 18.7 35.2 16.9 4.5 New England: Maine 9.7 9.0 8.7 8.8 8.3 7.7 7.2 13.3 11.0 7.9 8.2 9.7 17.7 17.1 28.2 18.9 8.2 New Hampshire 9.2 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.6 7.8 7.4 14.0 11.3 8.0 7.9 9.2 17.0 17.4 29.2 19.2 7.9 Vermont 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.3 13.5 10.7 8.1 8.2 9.6 18.0 16.8 28.5 18.8 8.2 Massachusetts 9.8 8.8 8.5 8.8 9.7 9.3 8.3 14.9 10.5 6.2 5.2 9.8 17.2 18.5 32.5 16.7 5.2 Rhode Island 10.0 8.9 8.7 9.6 9.9 9.2 8.2 14.5 10.1 6.1 4.6 10.0 17.6 19.5 32.0 16.2 4.6 Connecticut 10.1 9.1 8.5 9.1 9.7 9.1 8.1 14.4 10.2 6.2 5.3 10.1 17.7 18.8 31.7 16.3 5.3 Middle Atlantic: New York 9.9 8.8 8.6 9.2 10.3 9.7 8.4 14.4 10.1 5.8 4.6 9.9 17.4 19.5 32.5 16.0 4.6 New Jersey 10.5 9.5 9.0 9.3 9.9 9.3 8.4 14.4 9.8 5.5 4.2 10.5 18.6 19.2 32.1 15.2 4.2 Pennsylvania 11.5 10.1 9.3 9.4 9.8 9.2 8.0 13.4 9.3 5.5 4.3 11.5 19.4 19.2 30.7 14.8 4.3 East North Central; Ohio 10.1 9.2 8.9 9.4 9.5 9.0 7.9 13.7 10.2 6.6 5.5 10.1 18.1 18.9 30.5 16.8 5. 5 Indiana 10.2 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.3 8.5 7.3 13.1 10.3 6.8 5.5 10.2 19.3 18.9 29.0 17.0 5.5 Illinois 10.6 9.7 9.2 9.7 10.2 9.4 8.0 13.6 9.6 5.3 4.3 10.6 18.9 19.9 31.0 15.0 4.3 Michigan 10.6 9.8 9.2 9.5 9.4 8.6 7.5 12.9 10.2 6.6 5.6 10.6 19.0 18.9 28.9 16.9 6.6 Wisconsin 11.0 10.6 10.5 10.4 9.5 8.2 7.0 12.1 9.7 5.8 5.1 11.0 21.2 19.9 27.3 15.4 5.1 West North Central: Minnesota 10.9 10.6 10.3 10.4 10.4 9.0 7.4 12.2 9.3 5.0 4.1 10.9 20.9 20.8 28.6 14.3 4.1 Iowa 10.6 10.3 10.0 10.1 9.5 8.3 7.2 12.4 9.7 6.1 5.6 10.6 20.3 19.6 27.9 15.8 5.6 Missouri 10.9 10.3 9.8 10.1 9.7 8.7 7.5 13.0 9.4 5.8 4.6 10.9 20.1 19.9 29.2 15.1 4.6 North Dakota 14.3 12.1 10.3 9.8 10.7 9.8 7.8 11.3 7.6 3.8 2.2 14.3 22.4 20.5 29.0 11.3 2.2 South Dakota 12.6 11.5 10.3 10.0 10.8 9.4 7.4 11.3 8.4 4.8 3.3 12.6 21.7 20.8 28.1 13.2 3.3 Nebraska '11.8 10.7 10.2 10.4 10.3 8.9 7.2 11.6 8.9 5.5 4.3 11.8 21.0 20.8 27.7 14.4 4.3 Kansas 11.3 10.5 10.0 10.1 9.9 8.5 7.2 11.9 9.1 6.0 5.2 11.3 20.5 20.0 27.7 15.1 5.2 South Atlantic; Delaware 9.9 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.5 8.6 7.5 13.3 10.6 6.6 5.2 9.9 19.0 19.1 29.4 17.2 5.2 Maryland 10.6 10.3 10.0 9.9 9.5 8.5 7.4 13.2 9.8 6.0 4.7 10.6 20.3 19.4 29.1 15.8 4.7 District of Columbia 8.1 7.6 7.4 8.5 10.4 10.6 9.'4 16.1 10.3 6.1 5.1 8.1 15.1 18.9 36.1 16.4 5.1 Virginia 13.0 12.4 11.5 10.5 9.5 7.8 6.6 11.1 8.0 5.2 4.1 13.0 24.0 20.0 25.5 13.2 4.1 West Virginia 13.8 12.1 10.7 10.2 10.0 8.8 7.2 11.4 7.4 4.6 3.5 13.8 22.9 20.2 27.5 12.0 3.5 North Carolina 15.1 13.4 12.1 11.0 9.5 7.6 6.0 9.5 7.3 4.9 3.5 15.1 25.4 20.5 23.1 12.2 3.5 South Carolina 15.1 13.8 12.7 11.4 10.0 7.8 6.1 9.6 6.3 4.3 2.9 15.1 26.5 21.4 23.4 10.6 2.9 Georgia 14.4 13.3 12.1 10.7 10.0 8.2 6.5 10.0 7.0 4.5 3.1 14.4 25.4 20.7 24.7 11.5 3.1 Florida 12.9 12.1 10.7 10.1 10.4 9.2 7.4 11.9 7.6 4.4 2.9 12.9 22.8 20.6 28.5 12.0 2.9 Ea.st South Central: Kentucky 12.9 11.9 11.0 10.6 9.4 7.9 6.8 11.6 8.4 5.2 4.1 12.9 23.0 19.9 26.3 13.6 4.1 Tennessee 13.5 12.3 11.1 10.9 9.7 8.1 6.7 10.8 7.9 5.1 3.8 13.5 2;;. 5 20.5 25.5 13.0 3.8 Alabama 14.6 13.3 11.8 10.7 9.9 8.3 6.4 9.8 7.5 4.4 3.1 14.6 25.2 20.6 24.5 11.9 3.1 Mississippi 14.4 13.6 12.2 10.9 9.8 8.3 6.5 10.2 6.4 4.3 3.0 14.4 25.8 20.7 25.0 10.7 3.0 West South Central; Arkansas 14.7 13.3 11.4 11.0 9.6 8.2 6.7 10.2 7.4 4.4 2.9 14.7 24.7 20.7 25.1 11.8 2.9 Louisiana 1.3.5 13.2 11.7 10.6 10.0 8.6 6.9 11.1 7.0 4.2 3.0 13.5 24.9 20.5 26.6 11.2 3.0 Oklahoma 14.6 13.1 11.2 10.5 9.6 8.4 7.0 11.2 7.4 4.3 2.5 14.6 24.4 20.1 26.6 11.7 2.5 Texas 13.8 13.1 11.7 10.9 10.0 8.5 6.9 10.5 7.2 4.4 2.8 13.8 24.8 20.9 25.9 11.6 2.8 Mountain: Montana 10.2 9.1 7.9 7.9 11.5 11.8 9.8 14.9 9.6 4.2 2.4 10.2 17.0 19.4 36.5 13.8 2.4 Idaho 12.4 11.1 9.8 9.3 9.8 9.5 8.3 13.2 9.0 4.5 2.7 12.4 20.9 19.1 31.0 13.5 2.7 Wyoming 10.5 8.9 7.4 7.9 13.3 13.4 10.3 14.1 8.3 3.8 1.9 10.5 16.4 21.1 37.8 12.1 1.9 Colorado 10.3 9.5 8.7 8.9 9.9 9.9 8.7 14.6 10.4 5.5 3.3 10.3 18.2 18.8 33.1 15.9 3.3 New Mexico 13.8 12.5 10.5 9.9 9.5 8.5 7.0 12.0 8.2 4.9 3.0 13.8 23.0 19.4 27.5 13.1 3.0 12. 1 10.7 8.9 8.5 10.2 10.8 9.0 13.9 8.4 4.4 2.8 12.1 19.6 18.7 33. 6 12.8 2.8 14.1 12.3 10.7 10,0 9.9 9.0 7.3 11.1 7.6 4.2 .3.3 14.1 23.0 19.9 27.5 11. S 3.3 Nevada 7.8 6.9 6.0 6.4 9.8 11.7 11.3 18.1 11.3 6.1 3.8 7.8 13.0 16.2 41.2 17.4 3.8 PAanc: 9.5 8.7 8.1 8.7 10.7 11.0 9.4 14.7 10.3 5.1 3.2 9.5 16. 9 19.4 3,5.1 15.3 3.2 8.9 8.5 8.3 9.0 10.6 10.4 8.8 14.5 10.8 5.9 4.2 8.9 16.8 19.5 33.7 16.7 4.2 California 8.1 7.4 7.3 8.2 9.8 10.4 9.5 15.8 11.2 6.6 5.3 8. 1 14.7 18.1 35. 6 17.8 5.3 a(;e distribution. 137 DISTllinUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION FOR THE UNITED STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1910. (Totals for all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 11 URBAN POPULATION. RURAL POPULATION. DIVISION AND AGE PERIOD. Native white. Foreign- born white. Native white. Foreign- born white. All classes. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Negro. All classes. Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Negro. UNITED STATES All ages, number 42,623,383 17, 849, 644 12,346,900 9, 635,369 2, 689, 229 49,348,883 31,638,931 6,550,937 3,710,176 7, 138, 534 Under 5 years 4,200,291 2,044,886 1,846,699 75,372 229,080 6, 431,073 4, ,501, 396 827, 426 27,135 1,034,208 5 to 14 years 7,401,325 3,486,880 2,950,392 503,771 454,219 11,466,447 7,698,418 1,601,052 153,068 1,947,600 15 to 24 years 8,573,829 3,659,032 2,673,889 1,644,462 578,299 9, 546, 758 6,112,945 1, 404, 794 4.59,680 1,512,912 25 to 44 years 14,168,853 5,330,953 3,415,057 4,390,378 985,374 12,641,022 7,615,488 1,795,052 1,489,601 1,652,804 45 to G4 years 6,487,864 2, 495, 622 1,318,912 2,299,020 351,259 6,936,225 4, 244,. 378 798,474 1,093,498 756,844 65 years and over 1,693,010 771,790 135,454 706,918 77, 435 2,256,514 1,429,278 120, 132 476,431 216,689 Ad ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.9 11.5 15.0 0.8 . 8.5 13.0 14.2 12.6 0.7 14.5 5 to 14 years 17.4 19.5 23.9 5.2 16.9 23.2 24.3 24.4 4.1 27.3 15 to 24 years 20.1 20.5 21.7 17.1 21.5 19.3 19.3 21.4 12.4 21.2 25 to 44 yeors 33.2 29.9 27.7 45.0 36.6 25.6 24.1 27.4 40.1 23.2 45 to 64 years 15.2 14.0 10.7 23.9 13.1 14.1 13.4 12.2 29.5 10.6 65 years and over 4.0 4.3 1.1 7.3 2.9 4.6 4.5 1.8 12.8 3.0 NEW ENGLAND. All ages, number 5, 455, 345 1, 847, 484 1,865,893 1,676,590 60, 877 1, 097, 336 765, 935 186, 816 137, 796 5,429 Under 5 years 538,000 180, 154 337,637 14,809 5,261 102,825 70,471 30,312 1,296 615 5 to 14 years 947,287 316,556 532,659 88,655 9,190 193,211 133,360 52,019 6,563 1,011 15 to 24 years 1,025,549 314,402 391,775 308,010 10,775 173,017 116,455 34,363 20,870 1,042 25 to 44 years 1,759,621 520,729 432,411 780,111 24,044 297,615 193,093 42,827 59,707 1,636 45 to 64 years 901,122 356, 745 156,587 377, 263 9,412 222,553 163,750 22,915 34,846 807 65 years and over 277, 455 155,660 14,132 105,522 2,050 106,572 87,854 4,302 14,018 306 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.9 9.8 18.1 0.9 8.6 9.4 9.2 16.2 0.9 11.3 5 to 14 years 17.4 17.1 28.5 5.3 15.1- 17.6 17.4 27.8 4.8 18.6 15 to 24 years 18.8 17.0 21.0 18.4 17.7 15.8 15.2 18.4 15.1 19.2 25 to 44 years 32.3 28.2 23.2 • 46.5 39.5 27.1 25.2 22.9 43.3 30.1 45 to 64 years 16.5 19.3 8.4 22.5 15.5 20.3 21.4 12.3 25.3 14.9 65 years and over 5.1 8.4 0.8 6.3 3.4 9.7 11.5 2.3 10.2 5.6 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. All ages, number 13, 723, 373 4, 718, 463 4, 605, 981 4, 049,477 339, 246 5, 592, 519 3, 744, 498 985,331 776,702 78, 624 Under 5 years 1,436,005 566, 112 810,970 31,338 27,364 614,134 426,335 172,477 6,669 7,934 5 to 14 years 2,448,930 970, 633 1,186,653 245, 494 45,802 1,096,394 796, 291 245, 184 38, 582 14,872 15 to 24 years 2,754,229 969, 188 938,009 780,752 65, 142 987,147 669,765 167, 158 131,823 16,228 25 to 44 years 4,553,112 1,371,234 1,154,585 1,873,500 147,962 1,573,089 953,786 232,040 360,017 25,507 45 to 64 years 2,020,374 635,530 465,049 873,363 43,898 956,687 635,101 141,234 168,851 10,560 65 years and over 492,371 195,091 48,770 240,431 7,996 358,789 259,688 26,712 68, 756 3,334 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.5 12.0 17.0 0.8 8.1 11.0 11.4 17.5 0.9 10.1 5 to 14 years 17.8 20.6 25.8 6.1 13.5 19.6 21.3 24.9 5.0 18.9 15 to 24 years 20.1 20.5 20.4 19.3 19.2 17.7 17.9 17.0 17.0 20.6 26 to 44 years 33.2 29.1 25.1 46.3 43.6 28.1 25.5 23.5 46.4 32.4 45 to 64 years 14.7 13.5 10.1 21.6 12.9 17.1 17.0 14.3 21.7 13.4 65 years and over 3.6 4.1 1.1 5.9 2.4 6.4 6.9 2.7 8.9 4.2 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. All ages, number 9, 617, 271 4, 014, 669 3, 177, 692 2,189,291 230,542 8,633,350 5, 737, 299 1,930,742 877, 929 70,294 Under 5 years 944, 123 490,769 420,255 16,672 16,230 963,590 761,482 188,451 4,226 7,198 5 to 14 years 1,651,950 804,660 717,648 97, 773 31,493 1,828,768 1,364,200 417,653 28,053 14,554 15 to 24 years 1,947,443 836,424 737,474 328,309 44,399 1,581,769 1,089,823 401,442 582,551 74,213 13,286 25 to 44 years 3,170,607 1,173,973 920,012 979,546 94,019 2,265,957 1,359,274 301, 151 19,088 45 to 64 years 1,487,934 533,870 160, 117 346,557 570,994 35,406 1,448,174 836,819 295,454 301,977 11,399 65 years and over 394,406 33,. 544 192,888 7,785 535, 408 318,966 44, 147 166,670 4,548 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.8 12.2 13.2 0.8 7.0 11.2 13.3 9.8 0.5 10.2 5 to 14 years 17.2 20.0 22.6 4.5 13.7 21.2 23.8 21.6 3.2 20.7 15 to 24 years 20.2 20.8 23.2 15.0 19.3 18.3 19.0 20.8 8.5 18.9 25 to 44 years 33.0 29.2 29.0 44.7 40.8 26.2 23.7 30.2 34.3 27.2 45 to 64 years 15.5 13.3 10.9 26.1 15.4 16.8 14.6 15.3 34.4 16.2 65 years and over 4.1 4.0 1.1 8.8 3.4 6.2 5.6 2.3 19.0 (5.5 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Ail ages, number 3,873,716 1,984,327 1, 090, 069 631,696 164, 301 7,764, 205 4,539,360 2, 124,634 981,535 78,361 Under 5 years 347,875 226, 198 106, 671 3,842 11,017 963,034 691,030 253,607 4,741 8,110 5 to 14 years 640,260 386,013 207,877 22,767 23,235 1,760,115 1, 144, 790 557,361 31,417 16,940 15 to 24 years 813,681 431,267 266, 409 81,893 33, 118 1,534,069 891,049 524, 177 95, 618 16, 059 25 to 44 years 1,285,047 586,908 363,362 268, 157 65,410 2,018,021 1,051,172 565, 869 575, 752 360,861 20, 818 45 to 64 years 604,630 263, 554 131,047 184,245 24,632 1,11.3,603 190, .385 339,258 11,964 65 years and over 167, 438 79,061 13,262 69,273 5,811 365, 185 189, 510 22, 020 147,141 4,143 AJJ ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.0 11.4 9.8 0.6 6.7 12.4 15.2 11.9 0.5 10.3 5 to 14 years 16.5 19.5 19.1 3.6 14. 1 2'2.7 25.2 26.2 3.2 21.6 15 to 24 years 21.0 21.7 24.4 13.0 20.2 19.8 19.6 24.7 9.7 20.5 33.2 29.6 33.3 42.5 39.8 26.0 23.2 27.1 36.8 26.6 45 to 64 years 15.6 13.3 12.1 29.2 15.0 14.3 12.5 9.0 34.6 15.3 65 years and over 4.3 4.0 1.2 11.0 3.5 4.7 4.2 1.0 15.0 5.3 138 ABSTRACT OF ^ITIJ^. CENSUS— POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION FOR THE UNITED STATES AND GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1910— (Joiitimiod. [Totals for all ages inclii Jo persons of unknown age.] Table 14— Continued, URBAN POPULATION . RURAL POPUL . VTION . DIVISION AND AGE PERIOD . Native white. Foieign- bom white. Native white. Foieign- bocn white. .\11 classes. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Negro. All classes. Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Negro. SOUTH ATLANTIC. All ages, number 3,092,153 1,675,819 313,415 191,756 909,520 9, 102, 742 5,665,386 126, 428 98, 799 3,202,968 Under 5 years 310,320 187, 598 37,393 1,582 83,710 1,346,893 840, 214 17,293 993 486,806 5 to 14 years .565, 652 324, 652 62, 156 10,825 167, 9,54 206, 667 2,355,256 1,421,466 26,072 5,027 900,321 15 to 24 years 651,486 355,824 58,819 29,990 1,831,831 1,114,190 1, 347, 904 21,628 16,909 677,262 25 to 44 years 1,002,801) 516, 554 96, 571 81.696 307, 109 2, 139, 386 35,301 44,506 709,730 45 to ( i 4 years 440, 274 226, 718 51,053 47, 402 114,604 1,090,296 718, 799 21,119 21,605 327, 695 65 years and over 112.595 01,007 7,140 19, 820 24, 599 327,033 217,960 4,932 9,269 94, 541 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.0 11.2 11.9 0.8 9.2 14.8 14.8 13.7 1.0 15.2 5 to 1 4 years 18.3 19.4 19.8 5.6 18.5 25.9 25.1 20.6 5.1 28.1 15 to 24 years 21. 1 21.2 18.8 15.6 22.7 20.1 19.7 17.1 17.1 21.1 25 to 44 years 32.4 30.8 30.8 42.6 .33.8 23.5 23.8 27.9 45.0 22.2 45 to 04 years 14.2 13.5 16.3 24.7 12.6 12.0 12.7 16.7 21.9 10.2 65 years and over 3.6 3.6 2.3 10.3 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 9.4 3.0 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. All ages, number 1,574,229 856, 826 149,982 57,932 509, 097 6,835,672 4, 595,666 64,995 28,925 2, 143, 416 Under 5 years 150, 790 98,038 9,392 237 43, 105 1,009,681 698,659 5,656 189 304,098 5 to 14 years 284,059 172, 136 20, 733 2,049 89,109 1,756, 136 1,167,513 11,450 1,301 575, 179 15 to 24 years 332, 823 186,395 27,597 5, 649 113,114 1,386,406 915,728 11,378 2,781 456,004 25 to 44 years 518, 682 261,0.39 59,276 20, 356 177,844 1,615,802 1,082,364 20,658 9,617 502,563 45 to 64 years 226, 008 109,944 29,917 19,398 67,249 816, 469 560,805 13,086 9,543 232, 751 65 years and over 56, .338 27,210 2,955 10, 152 16,016 240, 951 166,274 2,699 5,415 66,465 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 U nder 5 years 9.6 11.4 6.3 0.4 8.5 14.8 15.2 8.7 0.7 14.2 5 to 14 years 18.0 20.1 13.8 3.5 17.5 25.7 25.4 17.6 4.5 26.8 15 to 24 years 21. 1 21.8 18.4 9.8 22.2 20.3 19.9 17.5 9.6 21.3 25 to 44 years 32.9 30.5 39.5 • 35. 1 34.9 23.6 23.6 31.8 33.2 23.4 45 to 64 years 14.4 12.8 19.9 33.5 13.2 11.9 12.2 20.1 33.0 10.9 65 years and over 3.6 3.2 2.0 17.5 3.1 3.5 3.6 4.2 18.7 3.1 '.VEST SOUTH CENTRAL. AH ages, number 1,957,456 1,142,636 236,289 136, 808 435, 838 6, 827, 078 4, 624, 813 368,994 211,951 1,548,588 Under 5 years 200,222 134,255 23,538 1,885 39,826 1,035, 436 743, 383 56, 138 4,024 218, 186 5 to 14 years 376, 269 239,007 43,885 9,367 82,683 1, 795, 095 1,228,936 104, 176 18,068 423,291 15 to 24 years 412,801 247, 346 46,643 19, .395 98,265 1,399,748 942, 139 81,285 31,011 331,007 25 to 44 years 642, 181 353,871 81,523 54,139 151,013 1,640,878 1,089.426 87, 752 79,295 368,954 45 to 64 years 257, 151 133, 240 36,368 37,027 49, 658 759, 787 499, .594 34,549 58,995 159,896 65 years and over 61,059 bO , 179 4,103 14,542 12, 130 185,418 116,344 4,744 19,704 42,943 AH ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.2 11.7 10.0 1.4 9. 1 1,5.2 16. 1 15,2 1.9 14.1 5 to 14 years 19.2 20.9 18.6 6.8 19.0 26.3 26. 6 28.2 8.5 27.3 15 to 24 years 21.1 21.6 19.7 14.2 22.5 20.5 20.4 22.0 14.6 21.4 25 to 44 years 32.8 31.0 34.5 39.6 34.6 24.0 23.6 23.8 37.4 23.8 45 to 04 years 13.1 11.7 15.4 27. 1 11.4 11. 1 10.8 9.4 27.8 10.3 65 years and over 3.1 2.6 1.7 10.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 1.3 9.3 2.8 MOUNTAIN. All ages, number 947,511 491,829 259, 131 173,331 15,446 1,686,006 974, 795 357,790 263, 579 6,021 Under 5 years 91,296 57,305 31,. 360 1,37.3 978 214,508 150, 161 50, 170 2,853 372 5 to 14 years 161,696 94, 443 57,535 7,503 1,873 351,378 233,384 86,264 12. 105 775 15 to 24 years 184,021 97,817 59,078 23, 225 2,596 321,530 188, 438 76,220 41, 156 1,122 25 to 44 years 335, 189 160, 820 81,540 82,011 7,0,57 517,822 259, 747 106,292 125, 768 2,661 45 to 04 years 141,852 64, 216 26, 893 46, 439 2,460 226, 176 115,249 35,042 03.725 890 65 years and over 29, 379 14,344 2, 492 12,005 374 49, 138 24,951 3,558 16, 178 174 AH ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.6 11.7 12. 1 0,8 6.3 12.7 15.4 14.0 1. 1 0.2 5 to 14 years 17. 1 19.2 22.2 4.3 12. 1 20.8 23.9 24. 1 4.6 12.9 15 to 24 years 19.4 19.9 22.8 1,3.4 16.8 19. 1 19.3 21.3 15.6 18.6 25 to 44 years 3,5.4 32.7 31.5 47.3 45.7 .30.7 26.6 29.7 47.7 44.2 45 to 04 years 15.0 13.1 10.4 26.8 15.9 13.4 11.8 9.8 24.2 14.8 65 years and over 3. 1 2.9 1.0 6.9 2.4 2.9 2.6 1.0 6. 1 2.9 PACIFIC. All ages, number 2,382,329 1,117,591 648, 448 628,488 24,362 1, 809, 975 991,179 406,207 332, 960 4, 833 Under 5 years 181,6,54 104,4,57 69. 48.3 3, 634 1,589 180, 972 119,661 .53, 322 2,144 289 5 to 14 years 3->.5, 222 178,780 121,246 19, 338 2,880 330, 094 208, 478 100, 873 11,892 657 15 to 24 years 451,796 220, : S 0!! 148,085 67, 239 4,223 331,241 I 8.5,:15 S 87, 143 45,299 902 25 to 41 years 901,005 .385,82,5 225, 177 2,50, 862 10,8,56 572, 4.52 278, 722 111,879 148, 679 1,847 45 to 04 years 407,919 171,805 74,841 142.889 3, 940 302, 4, S 0 14 S ,: i 92 44,690 94, 698 ,882 65 years and over 101,909 49, 121 9, 0,56 42,285 674 88,020 47,731 7,018 29.280 235 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 . 100. 0 Under 5 years 7.0 9.3 10.7 0.7 6. 5 10.0 12. 1 13. 2 0.6 6.0 5 to 14 years 13.7 16.0 18.7 3.7 11.8 18.2 21.0 24.9 3.6 13.6 15 to 24 years 19.0 19.7 22.8 12.7 17.3 18.3 18.7 ' 21. 5 13.0 1.8.7 25 to 41 years 37.8 34.5 34.7 47. 5 44. 6 31.0 28. 1 27.6 44.7 38.2 45 to 04 years 17. 1 15. 4 11.5 27.0 16,2 16.7 1,5.0 11.0 28.4 18.2 65 years and over 4.3 4. 4 1.4 8.0 2.8 4.9 4.8 1.7 8.8 4.9 A(iK DLSTRIBUTION 130 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. [Totals for all agos Include persons of unknown ago.] Table 15 CITY ANl> AGE PEKIOD. Albany, N. Y. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 26 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent — Under 5 years.. 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years W years and over Atlanta. Ga. All ages, number Under 5 years S to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent — Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Baltimore, Md. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent — Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Birmingham, Ala, All ages, number Under 5 years •. . 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Boston, Mass. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All classes. NATIVE WHITE . Foreign- born wliite. NATIVE WHITE . Foreign- born wlilte. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed [lareutage Negro. CITY AND AGE PEKIOD . All j classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage Negro. 100, 253 44, 473 36,533 18. 165 1,037 Bridgeport, Conn. All ages, number 102, 054 27,156 37,314 36, 180 1,332 7,603 4,761 2,687 117 35 Under 5 years 10, 608 2,759 7,439 292 114 14.004 8,907 5, 186 668 142 5 to 14 years 17, 158 4,884 10,297 1,789 185 18,608 9,574 6,655 2,223 213 15 to 24 years 20, 859 5,194 7,610 7,806 241 35, 039 • 13,298 14,422 6,873 418 25 to 44 years 35, 495 8,378 8,688 17,811 582 18,524 5,946 6,817 5,670 181 45 to 64 years 14,. 535 4,408 3,075 6,857 179 5,427 1,956 742 2,687 42 65 years and over 3, .323 1,517 198 1,574 30 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.6 10.7 7.4 0.6 3.4 Under 5 yeais 10. 4 10.2 19.9 0.8 8.6 14.9 20.0 14.2 3.7 13.7 5 to 14 years 16.8 18.0 27.0 4.9 13.9 18.6 21. 5 18.2 12. 2 20.5 15 to 24 years 20. 4 19. 1 20.4 21. 6 18. 1 35.0 29. 9 39. 5 37.8 40.3 25 to 44 years 34.8 30.9 23.3 49 2 43.7 18.5 13.4 18.7 30.7 17.5 45 to 64 years 14.2 16.2 8.2 19.0 13.4 5.4 4.4 2.0 14 8 4. 1 65 years and over 3.3 5.6 0.5 4. 4 2.3 154,839 91,987 6,464 4,410 51,902 Buffalo, N. Y. All ages, niunber 423, 715 119,692 183,673 118,444 1,773 15, 589 10,174 748 42 4,622 Under 5 years 42,257 15,870 25, 409 880 88 26,986 16,521 1,292 279 8,891 5 to 14 years 77, 449 26,906 45,223 5,114 198 34,574 20, 105 1,298 716 12,451 15 to 24 years 87, 106 28, 152 41,273 17,353 310 52, 824 30, 479 2,098 2,016 18,204 25 to 44 years 136, 731 34,288 48,104 53,429 849 20,103 11,776 900 1.028 6.364 45 to 64 years 65,476 11,349 21,998 31,802 287 4,564 2,843 123 313 1,281 65 years and over 14,362 2,917 1,008 9,795 41 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10. 1 11. 1 11.6 1.0 8.9 Under 5 years 10.0 13.3 13.8 0.7 5.0 17.4 18.0 20.0 6.3 17. 1 5 to 14 years 18.3 22.5 24.6 4.3 11.2 22. 3 21.9 20. 1 16. 2 24.0 15 to 24 years 20.6 23.5 22.5 14.7 17.5 34. 1 33. 1 32 5 45. 7 35. 1 25 to 44 years 32.3 28.6 26.2 45. 1 47.9 13.0 12. 8 13.9 23.3 12.3 45 to 64 years 15.5 9.5 12.0 26.8 16.2 2.9 3. 1 1.9 7. 1 2.5 65 years and over 3.4 2.4 0.9 8.3 2.3 558,485 261, 474 134, 870 77, 043 84, 749 Cambridge, Mass. All ages, number 104, 839 25,615 39,794 34, 608 4,707 51,986 28,966 15,916 474 6,628 Under 5 years 10,802 2.890 7,219 211 480 98, 124 52,963 27,910 4,676 12, 567 5 to 14 years 18,363 4,448 11,594 1,491 828 112,966 57,671 26,011 11,432 17,820 15 to 24 years 19,338 4,476 8,586 5,432 831 180,041 76,779 39,561 31,287 32,230 25 to 44 years 34,901 7,085 8,908 17, 134 1,712 91, 095 35,127 22,626 20,386 12,838 45 to 64 years 16, 732 4,721 3, 161 8, 107 2,202 711 23,578 9,669 2,745 8,707 2,452 65 years and over 4,642 1,979 316 141 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.3 11. 1 11.8 0.6 7.8 Under 5 years 10.3 11.3 18.1 0.6 10.2 17.6 20.3 20.7 6. 1 14.8 5 to 14 years 17.5 17.4 29. 1 4.3 17.6 20.2 22. 1 19.3 14.8 21.0 15 to 24 years 18.4 17.5 21.6 15.7 17.7 32.2 29.4 29.3 40.6 38.0 25 to 44 years 33.3 27.7 22.4 49.5 36.4 16,3 13.4 16.8 26.5 15. 1 45 to 64 years 16.0 18.4 7.9 23.4 15.1 4.2 3.7 2.0 11.3 2.9 65 years and over 4.4 7.7 0.8 6.4 3.0 132, 685 66,312 8,357 5,700 52,305 Chicago, Hi. All ages, number 2,185,283 445, 139 912,701 781,217 44, 103 14,202 8,212 1,348 44 4,598 Under 5 years 223, 767 03,281 152, 194 5,765 2,472 24,324 12,905 2, 138 372 8,909 5 to 14 years 377,093 89, 886 245, 962 36,888 4,297 28, 560 14,016 1,815 859 11,867 15 to 24 years 4.59, 185 89, 143 231,040 131,216 7,489 40,917 22, 105 2,135 2,603 20,069 25 to 44 years 749, 461 133, 135 220,255 372, 650 22,222 15,518 7,505 821 1,488 5,701 45 to 64 years 307,411 51,019 59, 149 190,374 6,381 9 7r>3 1,467 100.0 12 4 96 100.0 16. 1 332 100.0 0.8 60,228 100.0 10.2 12, 440 100.0 14.2 3,584 100.0 10.7 43,291 100.0 0.7 897 100.0 10. 7 100.0 8.8 All ages, per cent Under 5 years 100.0 5.6 18 3 19.5 25.6 6.5 17. 0 5 to 14 years 17.3 20.2 26.9 4.7 9.7 21.5 21. 1 21.7 15. 1 22.7 15 to 24 years 21.0 20.0 25.3 16.8 17.0 35. 4 33.3 25. 5 45. 7 3 a 4 25 to 44 years 34.3 29.9 24.1 47.7 50.4 11.7 11.3 9.8 26. 1 10.9 45 to 64 years 14.1 11.5 6.5 24.4 14.5 2 1 2.2 1. 1 5.8 1.7 65 years and over 2.8 2.8 0.4 5.5 2.0 670, 585 157, 870 257, 104 240, 722 13, 564 Cincinnati, Ohio. All ages, number 363,591 154, 937 132, 190 56,792 19,639 63,725 16,524 44,711 1,511 942 Under 5 years 29, 172 20,2.51 7,422 350 1,148 112,095 27,237 71,536 11,719 1,568 5 to 14 years 55,825 35, 118 16, 451 2,010 2,243 123, 016 27,994 52, 7,50 39,916 2,203 15 to 24 years 74,253 38, 744 25,587 5,996 3,925 235, 267 47,565 63,005 117,552 6,407 25 to 44 years 124, 568 42,843 53,602 19,426 8,676 108, 739 27, 816 22, 978 55,494 2, 104 45 to 64 years 63,103 14, 194 20, 907 19,006 2,989 27,068 10,348 2,045 14,338 324 65 years and over 15,926 3,363 2,148 9,936 479 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.0 10.5 17. 4 0.6 6.9 Under 5 years 8.0 13.1 5.6 0.6 5.8 16. 7 17 3 27.8 20.5 4. 9 11 6 15.4 22.7 12.4 3.5 11.4 18.3 17. 7 16.6 16,2 1.5 to 24 years 20.4 25.0 19.4 10.6 20.0 35. 1 30. 1 24 5 48. 8 47. 2 25 to 44 years 34.3 27.7 40.5 34.2 44.2 16.2 17.6 8.9 23. 1 15.5 45 to 64 years ; . . 17.4 9.2 20.4 3.3.5 15.2 4.0 6.6 0.8 6.0 2.4 65 years and over 4.4 2.2 1.6 17.5 2.4 140 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910-Contd. [Totals for all ages include persoas of unknown age.] Table 15 — ('ontiuued. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. Cleveland, Ohio. All ages, number. . , Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 04 years 65 years and over *. . . All ages, percent. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Columbus, Ohio. All ages, number . . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent. . . Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Dayton, Ohio All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to ftl years 65 years and over All ages, per cent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Denver, Colo. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, per cent — Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Detroit, Mich. All ages, number Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over All ages, percent Under 5 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- born white. NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- bom wliite. All classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage Negro. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. All classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage Negro. 560, 663 132,314 223,908 195,703 8,448 Fall River, Mass. All ages, number 119,295 15, 858 52,125 50, 874 356 62, 512 18, 693 27, 175 41,033 1,662 11,, 500 519 Under 5 years 13,997 2, .563 10,807 17,086 542 25 07, 4S1 .57,855 938 5 to 14 years 24,287 3,840 3,318 41 114.971 26, 680 .51,787 34, 857 1,612 15 to 24 years 24,984 2, 704 11,404 9,842 62 192, 024 40, 876 55,410 92, 530 3,970 25 to 44 years 35,981 3, 475 10, 1.59 22, 141 105 75, 332 14,715 15,854 1,328 43,484 1,185 45 to 64 years 16, 927 2,307 2, 456 12,078 58 16, 700 3, 706 11,. 550 204 65 years and over 4,005 905 149 2,947 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11. 1 14.1 18.6 0.8 0.1 Under 5 years 11.7 16.2 20.8 1.1 7.0 17.4 20.5 25.8 5.9 11.1 5 to 14 years 20.4 24.2 32.8 6.5 11.5 20.5 20.2 23. 1 17.8 19.1 15 to 24 years 20.2 17.4 21.9 19.3 17.5 34.4 30.9 24.7 47.3 47.0 25 to 44 years 30.2 21.9 19.5 43.5 46.5 13.4 11.1 7.1 22.2 14.0 45 to 64 years 14.2 14.5 4.7 23.7 16.3 3.0 2.8 0.6 5.9 2.4 65 years and over 3.4 5.7 0.3 5.8 1.1 181,511 116, 846 35,578 16,285 12,739 Grand Rapids, Mich. All ages, number 112,571 40, 777 42, 767 28,335 665 14,337 10, 879 2,527 91 836 Under 5 years 11,280 4,912 6,096 235 36 26, 934 19, 777 4, 920 652 1,578 5 to 14 years 19, 187 7, 199 10, 575 1,337 74 36, 774 25,483 6, 786 1.848 2, 644 15 to 24 years 22,371 35, 856 7,990 10,602 3,666 109 65, 495 39,810 13,388 6,823 5,449 25 to 44 years 12,393 11,250 11,942 258 30, 436 16, 724 7,084 4,754 1,861 45 to 64 years 18, 496 6,312 3,858 8,178 142 7,232 3,930 862 2, 105 334 65 years and over 5,233 1,868 373 2,953 38 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.9 9.3 7.1 0.0 6.6 Under 5 years 10.0 12.0 14.3 0.8 5.4 14.8 16.9 13.8 4.0 12.4 5 to 14 years 17.0 17.7 24.7 4.7 11.1 20.3 21.8 19.1 11.3 20.8 15 to 24 years 19.9 19.6 24.8 12.9 16.4 36. 1 34.1 37.6 41.9 42.8 25 to 44 years 31.9 30.4 26.3 42.1 38.8 16.8 14.3 19.9 29.2 14.6 45 to 64 years 16.4 15.5 9.0 28.9 21.4 4.0 3.4 2.4 12.9 2.6 65 years and over 4.6 4.6 0.9 10.4 5.7 116.577 72,301 25,559 13, 847 4,842 Indianapolis, Ind. All ages, number 233,650 150,593 41,420 19,767 21,816 10. 647 7,922 2,243 107 374 Under 5 years 18, 697 14,277 2, 794 5,859 68 1,557 17,943 13, 065 3,657 604 616 0 to 14 years 35, 646 26, 195 543 3,046 22, 751 15,291 4,590 1,948 919 15 to 24 years 45,314 30,990 7,788 2,274 4,259 40, 303 23, 104 9,292 5,872 2,020 25 to 44 years 83,848 50,610 16, 424 8,053 8,736 19,791 10,204 5,237 3,536 740 45 to 64 years 39,712 22, 597 7,722 5, 878 3,494 5,111 2,644 536 1,775 156 65 years and over 9,951 5,571 811 2,913 656 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.1 11.0 8.8 0.8 7.7 Under 5 years 8.0 9.6 6.7 0.3 7.1 15.4 18.1 14.3 4.4 12.7 5 to 14 years 15.3 17.4 14.1 2.7 14.0 19.5 21.1 18.0 14.1 19.0 15 to 24 years 19.4 20.6 18.8 11.5 19.5 34.6 32.0 36.4 42.4 41.7 25 to 44 years 35.9 33.6 39.7 40.7 40.0 17.0 14.2 20.5 25.5 15.4 45 to 04 years 17.0 15.0 18.6 29.7 10.0 4.4 3.7 2.1 12.8 3.2 65 years and over 4.3 3.7 2.0 14.7 3.0 213,381 106,945 61,185 38,941 5,426 Jersey City, N. J. All ages, number 267, 779 74, 861 109,101 77, 697 5,960 16.879 9,867 6,474 200 313 Under 5 years 29,457 11,362 17,004 530 557 32, 504 17,684 12, 633 1,526 632 5 to 14 yearn 52, 398 19,830 28,394 3,311 862 40,374 21,024 13,958 4.306 933 15 to 24 Years 53,484 16. 135 23,675 12,611 1,044 77, 659 37. 137 19, 706 17,884 2, 466 25 to 44 years 88, 145 18,656 29, 758 37,002 2.625 37,375 16, 648 7,605 12,050 920 45 to 64 years 36,340 6,991 9,534 19,004 779 7, 703 3, 983 747 2,819 142 65 years and over 7,762 1,764 708 5, 198 82 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.9 9.2 10.6 0.5 5.8 Under 5 years 11.0 15. 2 15. 6 0.7 9.3 15.2 16.5 20.6 3.9 11.6 5 to 14 years 19.6 20 5 20. 0 4.3 14.5 18.9 19.7 22.8 11.1 17.2 15 to 24 years 20. 0 21.6 21.7 16.2 17.6 36.4 34.7 32.2 45.9 4,5.4 25 to 44 years 32 9 24.9 27.3 47.6 44 0 17.5 15.6 12.4 30.9 17.0 45 to 64 years 13. 6 9.3 a 7 24.5 13. 1 3.6 3.7 1.2 7.2 2.6 65 years and over 2.9 24 0.0 67 1.4 465, 766 115,106 188,255 156,565 5,741 Kansas City, Mo. All ages, number 248,381 153,717 45, 633 25,327 23, 566 48,715 16,615 30,054 1,715 330 Under 5 years 18,698 13,110 4,092 174 1,211 77, 058 22, 622 46, 242 8,099 685 5 to 14 years 34, 138 23,011 7, 536 1,116 2,406 99,231 24, 958 46,371 26, 802 1,081 15 to 24 years ,50,379 32, 480 9, 953 3,218 4,700 158, 858 34,755 49,464 72,049 2, .550 25 to 44 years 93,941 54,891 16,857 10,989 11,150 65, 166 12, 328 14,725 37, 191 899 45 to 64 years 39,673 22, ,591 6, 494 7, 310 3,214 15,300 3,209 1,345 10, 572 174 65 years and over 8,641 5,086 642 2, 422 490 100,0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100,0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.5 14.4 16.0 1. 1 5.7 Under 5 years 7.5 8.5 9.0 0.7 5. 1 16.7 19.7 24.6 .5.2 11.9 5 to 14 years 1.3.7 15. 0, 16 5 4.4 10. 5 21.3 21.7 24.0 17. 1 18.8 15 to 24 years 20 3 21. 1 21.8 1Z7 19.9 34.1 30.2 20.3 46.0 44.4 25 to 44 years 37.8 36.7 :16 9 43. 4 47.3 14.0 10.7 7.8 23. 8 1.5. 7 45 to 64 yearn 16. 0 14.7 14.2 29. 0 13. 6 3.3 2.8 0.7 0.8 3.0 65 years and over 3.5 3.3 L4 9.6 2. 1 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 141 DllSTRIlJUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INUABITANTS OR MORE: 19J0-Coiitd. [Totals for all agos include persons of unknown age.) Table 15— Continued. NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- born white. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. All classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage Negro. Los Angeles, Cal. All ages, number 319,198 169,967 74, 756 60, 584 7, 599 Under 5 yeare 22,817 13,381 8,022 535 556 5 to 14 years 41,517 23,688 13, 540 3,026 1,052 15 to 24 years 57,621 31,523 15,657 7,705 1,433 25 to 44 years 121, 775 61,974 25,693 27,604 3,103 46 to C4 years 59, 639 30,359 10,330 16, 709 1,244 66 years and over 15,439 8,822 1.475 4,916 184 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 7. 1 7.9 10.7 0.9 7.3 5 to 14 years 13.0 13.9 la 1 5.0 13.8 15 to 24 years la 1 18.5 20.9 1Z7 lao 25 to 44 years 38.2 36.5 34 4 45.6 40.8 45 to 64 years ia7 17.9 13.8 27.6 16.4 65 years and over 4.8 5.2 20 ai 2.4 Louisville, Ky. All ages, number 223, 928 113,543 62,411 17,436 40, 522 Under 5 years 18,848 13, 827 2,514 49 2,458 6 to 14 years 37,418 24,954 6,638 387 5, 439 15 to 24 years 46, 279 26,970 9,538 1,333 8,432 25 to 44 years 75,443 32,052 21,578 5,467 16,341 45 to 64 years 36,655 12,662 11,146 6,463 6,379 65 years and over 8,976 3,015 969 3,706 1,286 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.4 12 2 48 0.3 6. 1 5 to 14 years 16.7 22 0 12.7 2.2 13.4 15 to 24 years 20.7 23.8 ia2 7.6 20. 8 25 to 44 years 33. 7 28.2 41.2 31.4 40.3 45 to 64 years 16. 4 11.2 24 3 37. 1 15.7 65 years and over 4.0 2. 7 1.8 21.3 3.2 Lowell, Mass. All ages, number 106, 294 20, 703 41,942 43,457 133 Under 5 years 10, 437 2,343 7,681 400 11 5 to 14 j'ears 18,027 3,639 12,302 2,073 13 15 to 24 years 21,343 3,447 9,418 8,443 25 25 to 44 years 35, 046 5,484 9,153 20,327 49 45 to 64 years 16, 901 4,058 3,098 9,706 26 65 years and over 4,389 1,683 268 2,431 7 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.8 11.3 las 0.9 a3 5 to 14 years 17.0 17.6 29.3 48 9.8 15 to 24 years 20. 1 16.6 22.5 19.- 4 ia8 25 to 44 years 33.0 26.5 21.8 46 8 36.8 45 to 64 years 15.9 19.6 7.4 22:3 19.5 65 years and over 4. 1 a 1 0.6 5.6 5.3 Memphis, Tenn. All ages, number 131, 105 59,985 12,138 6,467 52,441 Under 5 years 10, 756 6,012 984 28 3,729 5 to 14 years 19, 505 10,201 1,789 318 7,190 12, 249 15 to 24 years 28, 575 13,115 2,283 916 25 to 44 years 50,116 21,183 4,878 2,613 21,408 45 to 64 years 17,546 7,349 2,039 158 1,873 6,269 65 years and over 3,857 1,541 715 1,442 All afes, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.2 10.0 a 1 0.4 7. 1 5 to 14 years 14.9 17.0 14 7 49 13. 7 15 to 24 years 21.8 21.9 ia8 14 2 23. 4 25 to 44 years 38,2 35.3 40.2 40.4 40.8 45 to 64 years 13.4 12 3 16.8 29.0 12.0 65 years and over 2.9 2 6 1.3 11. 1 2.7 Milwaukee, Wls. All ages, number 373, 857 78,823 182, 530 111,456 980 Under 5 years 37,834 14, 755 22,239 790 46 5 to 14 years 69,041 21,299 42,746 4,913 81 15 to 24 years 81,051 19,500 46,392 14,965 184 25 to 44 years 118,833 17,099 53,514 47,690 496 45 to 64 years 53, 718 4,459 16,879 32,215 149 65 years and over 12,756 1,220 702 10,813 20 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10. 1 18.7 12.2 0.7 4.7 5 to 14 years 18.5 27.0 23.4 4.4 8.3 15 to 24 vears 21.7 24.7 25.4 13.4 18.8 25 to 44 years 31.8 21.7 29.3 42.8 50.6 45 to 64 years 14.4 5.7 9.2 28.9 15.2 65 years and over 3.4 1.5 0.4 9.7 2.0 Minneapolis, Minn. All ages, number 301,408 96,186 116,548 85,938 2,592 Under 5 vears 25, 797 10,633 14,624 422 113 5 to 14 years 44,561 15,946 25,430 2,929 251 15 to 24 years 67, 385 21,215 33,233 12,505 410 25 to 44 years 106,635 29,978 33,417 41,820 1,353 45 to 64 years 45,059 12,869 9,016 22,778 355 65 years and over 9,860 3,854 709 5,239 56 NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- born white. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. All classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage Negro. Minneapolis, Minn. —Continued. All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.6 11.1 12. 5 0.5 4.4 5 to 14 years 14.8 16.6 21.8 3.4 9.7 15 to 24 years 22.4 22.1 28.5 14.6 15.8 25 to 44 years 35.4 31.2 28.7 48.7 .52.2 45 to ()4 years 14.9 13.4 7.7 26.5 13.7 65 years and over 3.3 4.0 0.6 6.1 2.2 Nashville, Tenn. AH ages, number 110,364 63,687 7,151 2,993 36,523 Under 5 years 10, 172 6,988 452 11 2,721 5 to 14 years 19,627 12,375 995 144 6,112 15 to 24 years 24, 167 14,000 1,328 300 8,537 25 to 44 years 35,514 19,438 2,849 989 12,233 45 to 64 years 16,695 8, 745 1,370 1,022 5,556 65 years and over 4,146 2, 120 156 524 1,346 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.2 11.0 6.3 0.4 7.5 5 to 14 years 17.8 19.4 13.9 4.8 16.7 15 to 24 j'ears 21.9 22.0 18.6 10.0 23.4 25 to 44 years 32.2 30.5 39.8 33.0 33.5 45 to 64 years 15.1 13.7 19.2 34.1 15.2 05 years and over 3.8 3.3 2.2 17.5 3.7 New Haven, Conn. All ages, number 133, 605 37,726 49,434 42,784 3,561 Under 5 years 13,702 3,743 9,382 305 271 5 to 14 years 24,241 7,247 13,900 2,610 482 15 to 24 years 25,265 6,772 9,960 7,890 626 25 to 44 years 43,355 10,649 11,651 19,499 1,498 45 to 64 years 21,083 6,513 4, 179 9,828 542 65 years and over 5,735 2,710 338 2,551 136 All ages, per cent 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.3 9.9 19.0 0.7 7.6 5 to 14 years 18.1 19.2 28.1 6.1 13.5 15 to 24 years 18.9 18.0 20.1 18.4 17.6 25 to 44 years 32.5 28.2 23.6 45.6 42.1 45 to 64 years 15.8 17.3 8.5 23.0 15.2 65 years and over 4.3 7.2 0.7 6.0 3.8 New Orleans, La. All ages, number 339, 075 147,473 74,244 27,686 89, 262 Under 5 vears 32,047 19,696 4,566 151 7, 624 5 to 14 years 64,076 69,403 37,868 9,564 1,073 15,554 15 to 24 years 35,476 12,067 2,867 18, 949 25 to 44 years 110,408 38,230» 30, 169 9,409 32,396 45 to 64 years 48,291 11,855 16,100 8, 760 11,445 65 years and over 12,892 2,756 1,720 5,371 3,036 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.5 13.4 6.1 0.5 8.5 5 to 14 years 18.9 25.7 12.9 3.9 17.4 15 to 24 years 20.5 24.1 16.3 10.4 21.2 25 to 44 years 32.6 25.9 40.6 34.0 36.3 45 to 64 years 14.2 8.0 21.7 31.0 12.8 65 years and over 3.8 1.9 2.3 19.4 3.4 New York, N. Y. All ages, number 4,766,883 921,318 1,820, 141 1,927,703 91.709 Under 5 years 507,080 126,855 358,733 14, 660 6,676 5 to 14 years 860,694 210,937 504,509 135,070 9,972 15 to 24 years 989, 484 197,307 373,091 399,225 18,644 25 to 44 years 1,61.3,715 254,468 422,534 889,208 44,014 45 to 64 years 653, 787 98, 778 147,599 395, 495 10,441 65 years and over 135,321 28,280 12, .564 92, 747 1,690 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.6 13.8 19.7 0.8 7.3 5 to 14 years 18.1 22.9 27.7 7.0 10.9 15 to 24 years 20.8 21.4 20.5 20.7 20.3 25 to 44 years 33.9 27.6 23.2 46.1 48.0 45 to 64 years 1.3.7 10.7 8.1 20.5 11.4 65 years and over 2.8 3.1 0.7 4.8 1.8 Manhattan Borough. All ages, number 2,331,542 344,351 818,208 1,104,019 60,534 Under 5 vears 235,864 41,504 181,317 8,885 4,054 5 to 14 years 384, 443 64,431 231,206 83,038 5,637 15 to 24 years 509,575 71,078 167,707 257, 745 12,607 25 to 44 years 820,638 109, 675 173,742 503,842 30, 821 45 to 64 years 315,563 42,252 58,866 206,917 6,381 65 years and over 59,552 11,018 5,016 42,681 811 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.1 12.1 22.2 0.8 6.7 5 to 14 years 16.5 18.7 28.3 7.5 9.3 15 to 24 years 21.9 20.6 20.5 23.3 20.8 25 to 44 years 35.2 31.8 21.2 45.6 50.9 45 to 64 years 13.5 12.3 7.2 18.7 10.5 65 years and over 2.6 3.2 0.6 3.9 1.3 142 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— TOPULATION. DISTIIIBUTION BY AGE BEIIIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910— Contd. [Totals lor all ages include persons of unknown age.] Table 15— Continued. NATIVE ■WHITE. Foreign- born white. CITY AND AGE I*EItlOD. .\11 classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or nii.xed parentage Negro. New York, N. Y.— Continued. Bronx Borough. All ages, nuinbcr 430,980 92,569 185,146 148,935 4,117 Under ,1 years 46, 704 15,025 30,361 918 39.3 5 to 14 years 8.3, 699 25, 401 50,298 7, 408 588 IS to 24 years 85,731 21,008 40, 099 23,862 736 25 to 4 1 years 144, .544 22,210 47, 707 72,750 1,684 45 to ()4 years 5S, 215 (>, 990 15, 479 35, 182 520 65 years and over 11,726 1,775 1,097 8,663 186 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.8 16.2 16.4 0.6 9.5 5 to 14 years 19.4 27.4 27.2 5.0 14.3 15 to 24 years 19.9 22.7 21.7 16.0 17.9 25 to 44 years 33.5 24.0 25.8 48.8 40.9 45 to 64 years 13.5 7.6 8.4 23.6 12.6 65 years and over 2.7 1.9 0.6 5.8 4.5 Brooklyn Borough. All ages, number 1,634,351 375,548 663,583 571,356 22,708 Under 5 years 183,813 53,014 124, 664 4, 271 1,824 5 to 14 years 315,918 90,934 181,259 40,600 3,065 15 to 24' years 323, 493 82,710 132, 777 103, 475 4,396 25 to 44 years 531,449 96, 773 159,944 264,174 9,904 45 to 64 years 227, 472 39, 749 59, 476 125,040 2,951 65 years and over 51, 776 12,273 5,367 33,593 534 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.2 14.1 18.8 0.7 8.0 5 to 14 years 19.3 24.2 27.3 7.1 13.5 15 to 24 years 19.8 22.0 20.0 18.1 19.4 25 to 44 years 32.5 25.8 24.1 46.2 43.6 45 to 64 years 13.9 10.6 9.0 21.9 13.0 65 years and over 3.2 3.3 0.8 5.9 2.4 Queens Borough. All ages, number 284, 041 80,607 120,969 79,115 3,198 Under 5 years 31,847 13, 700 17,432 412 298 5 to 14 years 59, 062 22,989 32,621 2,959 485 15 to 24 years 55, 090 16,981 26, 918 10,512 665 25 to 44 years 89, 970 18,671 32,737 37,258 1,204 45 to 64 years 39, 702 6,455 10,517 22,278 427 65 years and over 8,298 1,778 732 5, 673 115 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.2 17.0 14.4 0.5 9.3 5 to 14 years 20.8 28.5 27.0 3.7 15.2 15 to 24' years 19.4 21.1 22.3 13.3 20.8 25 to 44 years 31.7 23.2 27.1 47.1 37.6 45 to 64 years 14.0 8.0 8.7 28.2 13.4 65 years and over 2.9 2.2 0.6 7.2 3.6 Bichmond Borough. All ages, number 85,969 28,243 32,236 24,278 1,152 Under 5 years 8,852 3,612 4,959 174 107 5 to 14 years 17,572 7,182 9, 125 1,065 197 15 to 24' years 15,595 5,530 6,190 3,631 240 25 to 44 years 27,114 7, 139 8,344 11,184 401 45 to 64 years 12,835 3,326 3,261 6,078 162 65 years and over 3,969 1,436 352 2, 137 44 All ages, percent 100 0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 U nder 5 years 10.3 12.8 15.4 0.7 9.3 5 to 14 years 20.4 25.4 28.3 4.4 17. 1 15 to 24 years 18.1 19.6 19.2 15.0 20.8 25 to 44 years 31.5 25.3 25.9 46.1 34.8 45 to 64 years 14.9 11.8 10.1 25.0 14.1 65 years and over 4.6 5.1 1.1 8.8 3.8 Newark, N, J. All ages, number 347, 469 94,737 132,350 110, 655 9,475 Under 5 years 38,421 12,285 24, 274 984 875 5 to 14 years 64, 397 20,718 34, 959 7, .369 1,.338 15 to 24 years 68, 698 19,582 27, 197 20,153 1,754 25 to 44 years 114,736 26, 705 32,791 51,119 3,981 45 to 64 years 49,339 11,510 12,065 24,, 399 1,285 65 years and over 11,321 3,521 1,018 6, 562 216 All ages, per cent 100.0 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 11.1 13.0 18.3 0.9 9.2 5 to 14 years 18.5 21.9 26.4 6.7 14. 1 15 to 24' years 19.8 20.7 20.5 18.2 18.5 25 to 44 years 33. 0 28.2 24.8 46.2 42.0 45 to 64 years 14.2 12. 1 9.1 22.0 13.6 65 years and over 3.3 3.7 0.8 5.9 2.3 Oakland, Cal. All ages, number 150, 174 55,198 49,936 36, 822 3,055 Under 5 years 12, .585 0,320 5,592 185 216 5 to 1 4 years 21,143 9, 430 9, 755 1,2,59 314 15 to 24 years 27, 426 10,198 11,892 3,904 ,521 25 to 44 years .55,099 18,146 16,979 16,519 1,372 45 to 64 years 26, 483 8,3.52 5,082 11,112 529 65 years and ov(!r 7, ,302 2,715 630 3,820 101 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.4 11.4 11.2 0.5 7.1 5 to 1 4 years 14.1 17.1 19.5 3.4 10.3 15 to 24 years 18.3 18.5 23.8 10.6 17.1 25 to 44 years 36.7 32. 9 34.0 44.9 44.9 45 to 64 years 17.6 1.5.1 10.2 30.2 17.3 65 years and over 4.9 4.9 1.3 10.4 3.3 1 NATIVE ■WHITE. Foreign- born white. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. All classes. Native parent- age. Foreign or mbeed parentage Negro. Omaha, Nebr. All ages, number 124, 096 52,917 39,595 27,068 4,426 Under 5 years 10, 459 5,452 4,585 '176 '243 5 to 14 years 18,835 8,631 8,667 1,093 441 15 to 24 years 26,890 11,746 10,719 3;611 796 25 to 44 years 44, 647 18,330 11,089 12,387 2,212 45 to G4 years 19,075 7,048 3,603 7,750 '(>40 65 years and over 4,043 1,629 301 2,024 88 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 8.4 10.3 11.6 0.7 5.5 5 to 14 years 15.2 16.3 21.9 4.0 10.0 15 to 24 years 21.7 22.2 27.1 13.3 18.0 25 to 44 years 36.0 34.6 29.5 45.8 50.0 45 to 64 years 15.4 13.3 9.1 28.6 14.5 65 years and over 3.3 3.1 0.8 7.5 2.0 Paterson, N. J. All ages, number 125,600 28,392 50, 179 45,398 1,539 Under 5 years 12,546 3,610 8,407 ■ 3 % 132 5 to 14 years 23,959 0,297 14, 690 2, 726 243 15 to 24 years 25,081 5,656 11,754 7,357 296 25 to 44 years 40, 495 8,003 11,486 20, 324 634 45 to 64 years 18,623 3,562 3,432 11 ; 420 187 65 years and over 4,718 1,134 390 3,149 45 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.0 12.7 16.8 0.9 8.6 5 to 14 years 19.1 22.2 29.3 6.0 15.8 15 to 24 years 20.0 19.9 23.4 16.2 19.2 25 to 44 years 32.2 28.2 22.9 44.8 41.2 45 to 64 years 14.8 12.5 6.8 25.2 12.2 65 years and over 3.8 4.0 0.8 6.9 2.9 Philadelphia, Pa. All ages, number 1,549,008 584,008 496, 785 382,578 84,459 Under 5 years 152, 921 67,220 76,097 2,722 6,863 5 to 14 years 266,039 113,172 117, 982 24,016 10,830 15 to 24 years 299,722 119, 449 99,445 65,043 15, 667 25 to 44 years 516, 656 175,366 131,725 170, 732 38, 197 45 to 64 years 248, 504 82,929 63,277 91,093 10,854 65 years and over 62,089 24, 597 7,924 28,402 1,752 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.9 11.5 15.3 0.7 8.1 5 to 1 4 years 17.2 19.4 23.8 6.3 12.8 15 to 24 years 19.3 20.5 20.0 17.0 18.5 25 to 44 years 33.4 30.0 26.5 44.6 45.2 45 to 64 years 16.0 14.2 12.7 23.8 12.9 65 years and over 4.0 4.2 1.6 7.4 2.1 Pittsburgh, Pa. All ages, number 533,905 176,089 191,483 140,436 25,623 Under 5 years 57,788 23,644 31,093 809 2,240 5 to 1 4 years 9.5,195 37,816 47,076 6,508 3,785 15 to 24 years 108,378 37, 237 41,650 25,000 4,398 25 to 44 years 183,046 54,305 49,246 67, 761 11,602 45 to 64 years 73,016 18,629 19,844 31,373 3,076 65 years and over 1.5, 229 3,803 2,4.51 8,564 409 All ages, per cent 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.8 13.4 16.2 0.6 8.7 5 to 14 years 17.8 21.5 24.6 4.0 14.8 15 to 24 years 20.3 21.1 21.8 17.8 17.2 25 to 44 years 34.3 30.8 25.7 48.3 45.3 45 to 64 years 13.7 10.6 10.4 22.3 12.0 65 years and over 2.9 2.2 1.3 6.1 1.6 Portland, Oreg. All ages, number 207,214 104,163 51.009 43,780 1,045 Under 5 years 14,158 8,315 5,3211 352 45 5 to 14 years 24,851 13, 634 9,205 1,769 74 15 to 24 yeais 41,793 21,457 13,062 (>, 499 1.35 25 to 44 years 85,081 42,478 17,614 21,796 609 45 to 64 years 34, 555 14,874 5,172 10,796 163 65 years and over 6,538 3,248 608 2,517 16 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 6.8 8.0 10.4 0.8 4.3 5 to 14 years 12.0 1.3. 1 18.0 4.0 7.1 15 to 24 years 20.2 20.0 25.6 14.8 12.9 25 to 44 years 41.1 40.8 34.5 49.8 58.3 45 i.o 64 years 16.7 14.3 10.1 24.7 15.6 65 years and over 3.2 3.1 1.2 5.7 1.5 Providence, R. I. All ages, niimbor 224,326 59,966 82.354 70,303 5,316 Uiuier 5 vears 21,814 5,933 14,851 548 458 5 to 1 4 vears 37, 012 10,076 21,910 4, 233 755 15 to 24 years 42,715 10, 715 16,713 11,340 90S 25 to 44 years 76, 757 17,859 20, 771 35, 887 2,084 45 to 64 years 30, 441 10, 870 7,401 17,048 920 65 years and over 9,311 4,398 57() 4,140 179 All ages, per cent 100 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.7 9.9 1.8. 0 0.7 8.6 5 to 1 4 years 16.5 10.8 2f». () 5. 5 14.2 15 to 24 years 19.0 17.9 20. 3 18.8 17. 1 25 to 44 years 34.2 29.8 2.5.2 47.0 39.2 45 to 64 vears 16. 2 18. 1 9. 1 22.3 17.3 65 years and over 4.2 7.3 0.7 5.4 3.4 AGE DISTRIBUTION. 143 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE; 1010— Could. [Totals of all ages iiicluclo persons of unknown ago.) Table 15— Continued. CITY AND AGK PERIOD. All classes. NATIVE WHITE. Foroign- liorn white. Negio. CITY AND AGE PERIOD. All classes. 1 NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- born white. Negro. Native parent- age. Foreign or mbwod parentage Native parents age. Foreign or mixed parentage Richmond, Va. Seattle, Wash. la'j.sas 69,130 7,664 4,085 46,733 All ages, number 237,194 105,784 61,134 60, 835 2, 296 11'G02 6^ 832 '724 27 4 ! 019 Under 5 years 17, 043 S, 963 7! 230 447 90 21^818 12, 643 1,228 221 7 ! 726 5 to 14 years 29,614 15!oJ5 12, 113 2, 135 165 422 15^210 i!421 668 11 ! 221 15 to 24 years 46, 142 20,516 14! 675 8,767 354 42^ 679 21^925 2 ! 621 1,704 16! 420 25 to 44 years 99, 747 41,383 20, 343 32, 694 1,306 18^ 300 9' 654 1!443 i!045 6! 153 35.927 15. 108 6, 141 13, 958 271 4,550 2^776 ' 2 I 8 '518 1,038 65 years and over 6,246 3, 037 '589 2 , 583 31 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 9.1 9.9 9.4 0. 7 8.6 Under 5 years 7.2 8.5 11.8 0.7 4.3 17.1 18.3 16.0 5.4 16.5 5 to 14 years 12.5 14.2 19.8 3.5 7.2 22.3 22.0 18.5 13.9 24.0 15 to 24 years 19.5 19.4 24.0 14.4 15.4 33.4 31.7 34.2 41.7 35.1 25 to 44 years 42.1 39.1 33.3 53.7 56.9 14.3 14.0 18.8 25.6 13.2 45 to 64 years 15. 1 14.3 10.0 22.9 11.8 3.6 4.0 2.8 12.7 2.2 65 years and over 2.6 2.9 1.0 4.2 1.4 Rochester, N. Y. Spokane, Wash. 218, 149 74, 525 83,687 58,993 879 All ages, number 104, 402 54,574 27,277 21,220 723 19^ 066 8^ 625 9, 807 '576 58 Under 5 years 9,066 5', 895 2, 912 213 37 33' 903 14! 513 16! 117 3, 162 109 5 to 14 years 15, 104 9,113 5,160 757 64 43^ 959 16,389 17! 565 9 ! 813 179 15 to 24' years 20, 685 11,098 6,373 2,972 118 74', 917 22', 526 26, 687 25,295 370 25 to 44 years 40, 620 19,323 9,553 11,056 388 9! 393 12 ! 323 14! 830 151 45 to 64 years 15, 724 7,332 2,991 6, 151 101 9' 463 3' 024 i!161 5 ! 263 12 65 years and over 2,745 1,484 260 986 11 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.7 11.6 11. 7 1.0 6.6 Under 5 years* 8.7 10.8 10.7 1.0 5. 1 15.5 19.5 19.3 5.4 12.4 14.5 16.7 18.9 3.6 8.9 20.2 22.0 21.0 16.6 20.4 19.8 20.3 23.4 14.0 16.3 34.3 30.2 31.9 42.9 42. 1 38.9 35.4 35.0 52. 1 53.7 16.8 12.6 14.7 25.1 17.2 45 to 64 years 15.1 13.4 11.0 24.3 14.0 4.3 4.1 1.4 8.9 1.4 65 years and over 2.6 2.7 1.0 4.6 1.5 St. Louis, Mo. Syracuse, N. Y. All ages, number 687,029 269,836 246,946 125,706 43,960 All ages, number 137,249 58, 408 46,912 30,781 1,124 60' 100 36^902 19 ! 672 '825 2 ! 685 Under 5 years 11!8S2 5,960 5,637 218 66 1101883 62' 016 37 ! 892 5, 672 5, 268 5 to 14 years 21,398 10, 273 9,602 1,375 146 15 to 24 years 1431303 65; 643 53 ! 077 is! 973 8! 554 15 to 24' years 27,005 12,314 9,3.34 5', 173 179 25 to 44 years 24ll 697 75! 222 96! 900 49! 605 19! 715 25 to 44 years 47,096 18,250 14,926 13,433 478 45 to 64 years 1041 660 23! 849 36! 733 37 ! 494 6! 376 45 to 64 years 23,456 8,779 6,845 7,617 209 25l 065 5! 318 2 ! 513 is! 973 i!252 65 years and over 6,248 2, 741 541 2,927 38 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All ages, percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.7 13.7 8.0 0.7 6.1 Under 5 vears 8.7 10.2 12.0 0.7 5.9 5 to 14 y^rs 16.1 23.0 15.3 4.5 12.0 5 to 14 years 15.6 17.6 20.5 4.5 13.0 20.9 24.3 21.5 12.7 19.5 15 to 24 vears 19.7 21. 1 19.9 16.8 15.9 25 to 44 years 35.2 27.9 39.2 39.5 44.8 25 to 44 years 34.3 31.2 31.8 43.6 42.5 45 to 64 years 15.2 8.8 14.9 29.8 14.5 45 to 64 years 17.1 15.0 14.6 24.7 18.6 65 years and over 3.6 2.0 1.0 12.7 2.8 65 vears and over 4.6 4.7 1.2 9.5 3.4 St. Paul, Minn. Toledo, Ohio. All ages, number 214,744 61,594 93,398 56, 524 3,144 All ages, number 168, 497 75, 147 59,383 32, 037 1,877 Under 5 years 18l 426 7! 980 9 ! 952 '326 ' 164 Under 5 years is! 891 8!834 6! 778 164 ' 114 5 to 14 years 35l 084 12 ! 193 20 ! 664 1,937 289 5 to 14 years 29,014 14! 708 12, 707 1,377 217 15 to 24" years 50ll47 14 ! 748 27 ! 602 7 ! 262 509 15 to 24" vp^r.s 33! 147 is! 444 13,456 3,900 342 25 to 44 years 73l 742 19! 137 27 ! 418 25! 467 1,681 25 to 44 vears 56! 543 23! 708 18,664 13,333 814 45 to 64 years 30l 900 6! 198 7, 292 16! 96(i '430 45 to 64 years 27, 085 9,904 7, 128 9)716 319 65 years and over 6,316 l!283 '434 4 ! 529 70 65 years and over 6! 757 2!516 '640 3! 533 68 All ages, per cent 100,0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years* 8.6 13.0 10.7 0.6 5.2 Under 5 years 9.4 11.8 11.4 0.5 6. 1 5 to 14 years 16.3 19.8 22.1 3.4 9.2 5 to 14 years 17.2 19.6 21.4 4.3 11.6 15 to 24 years 23.4 23.9 29.6 12.8 16.2 15 to 24 years 19.7 20.6 22. 7 12.2 18.2 25 to 44 years 34.3 31.1 29.4 45.1 53.5 25 to 44 years 33.6 31.5 31.4 41.6 43.4 45 to 64 years 14.4 10.1 7.8 30.0 13. 7 16. 1 13.2 12.0 30.3 17.0 65 years and over 2.9 2.1 0.5 8.0 2.2 65 years and over 4.0 3.3 1.1 11.0 3.6 San Francisco, Cal. Washington, D. C. All ages, number 416,912 115,359 153,781 130, 874 1,642 All ages, number. . . . 331,069 166,711 45, 066 24,351 94,446 Under 5 years 29ll78 12 ! 768 is! 180 '562 101 Under 5 years 26! 669 15,476 3', 746 ' 139 7,290 5 to 14 years 49l 730 19 ! 135 26! 032 3,559 126 5 to 14 vears 49, 961 27, 806 6,739 982 14,403 15 to 24 years 7S, 954 25! 185 34 ! 859 is! 552 302 62, 536 32, 078 7! 639 2,893 19,953 25 to 44 years 170l 442 40! 470 59 ! 824 62 ! 972 797 119,376 55.676 17,222 10,463 35! 790 45 to 64 years 68l 642 13 ! 277 1G!347 35 ! 833 244 54, 275 25,962 8,268 6! 329 13,580 65 years and over 16l028 3,111 i!318 11 ! 428 64 17,017 o! 128 E4S4 3,439 2 ! 957 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 7.0 11.1 9.9 0. 4 6.2 8. 1 9.3 8.3 0.6 7. 7 5 to 14 years 11.9 16.6 16.9 2.7 7.7 15. 1 16.7 15.0 4.0 15.2 15 to 24 years 18.9 21.8 22.7 11.9 18.4 18.9 19.2 16.7 11.9 21, 1 25 to 44 years 40.9 35.1 38.9 48.1 48.5 36. 1 .33.4 38.2 43.0 37.9 45 to 64 years 16.5 11.5 10.6 27.4 14.9 16.4 15.6 18.3 26.0 14.4 GS years and over 3.8 2.7 0.9 8.7 3.9 5. 1 5.5 3.3 14. 1 3. 1 Scranton, Pa. Worcester, Mass. All ages, number 129, 867 38,745 55,431 35,112 567 145,986 41,421 54, 751 48, 492 1,241 Under 0 years 15l 348 6! 193 8!832 '283 37 14!492 4! 363 9'. 705 318 104 5 to 14 years 26, 261 9 ! 600 14!910 1,662 88 24, 976 7, 190 15,422 2, 167 194 15 to 24 years 26, 952 8!294 13! 073 5 ! 471 113 27, 833 7, 154 12.041 8,436 194 25 to 44 years 40. 867 9 ! 797 14, 179 16,640 245 49, 181 11,760 13, 160 23.761 446 45 to 64 years 16, 632 3 ! 876 4, 129 8! 549 77 23,095 7,738 4! 137 10, 973 235 66 years and over 3, 694 '944 282 2,461 7 6! 285 3,149 273 2,796 66 All ages, per cent 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 Under t> years’. 11.8 16.0 15.9 0.8 6.5 9.9 10.5 17. 7 0.7 8.4 5 to 14 years 20.2 24.8 26.9 4.7 15.5 17.1 17.4 28.2 4.5 15.6 15 to 24 years 20.8 21.4 23.6 15.6 19.9 19. 1 17.3 22.0 17.4 15.6 2a to 44 years 31.5 25.3 25.6 47.4 43.2 33.7 28.4 24.0 49.0 35.9 4a to 64 years 12.8 10.0 7.4 24.3 13.6 15.8 18.7 7.6 22.6 1.8.9 65 years and over 2.8 2.4 0.5 7.0 1.2 65 years'and over 4.3 7.6 0.5 5.8 5.3 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION Jit DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS; 1910. Tabic I« AGE PEPIODS. CITY. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. ir>to 24 years. 25 to 44 years. 45 to 61 years. 65 years and over. Alabama Mobile 4,035 9, 129 10,543 17,9.82 7, 174 1,810 Montgomery 3,373 0,729 7,986 12,8.53 5,814 1,291 Arkansas LitUe Rock 4, 107 7,294 10, 138 16,740 6,226 1,344 California Berkeley 3,230 5,939 8,082 13,810 7,364 1,980 l’ii.sa(lciia 2,0.39 4,109 4, 803 9,965 6,700 2,533 Sacramento 3,080 5,376 8, .540 18, 193 7, 578 1,874 Sarr Diego 2,089 5,288 6,724 12,917 8,503 3,088 San Jt(se 2,250 4,179 5,260 9,680 5,591 1,939 Colorado Colorado Springs 2, 125 4,634 5,334 10, 198 5,429 1,228 Pueblo 4,321 7,250 8,218 10,641 6,532 1,146 Connecticut Hartford 9,505 10,535 18,610 34, 996 15, 105 4,012 Meriden town 3,039 5,9.55 s,on 0,266 9, 670 5,421 1,679 Merid en city 2,607 5, S20 8, 3BS 4,563 1, 376 New Britain 5,282 8,007 9,425 14,697 5, 171 1,285 Norwich town 2,574 4,972 5,291 8,610 4,988 1,767 Stamford tovrn 3,045 5,010 4,492 5,427 9,463 4,649 3,840 1,218 Stamford city 2,768 4, 832 8,284 917 Waterbury 8,385 13,674 14,853 25,000 9,308 1,872 Delaware Wilmington 8,509 14,753 17,388 28,673 14,235 3,625 Florida Xocksonville 4,843 8,836 12,692 22, 673 6,829 1,371 Tampa 4,523 7,026 8,239 13,097 4,113 681 Georgia Augrrsta 3, .508 0, 800 9,005 14,340 5,843 1,395 Macon 3,875 7,511 8,905 13,. 371 5,318 1,242 Savannah 6,008 11,168 13, 880 23,939 8,274 1,686 Illinois Aurora 2,612 4,878 5,981 9,510 4,969 1,568 Bloomington 2,057 3,992 5,144 8, 100 4,736 1,009 Danville 2,497 4,903 5,335 9,222 4,520 1,315 Decatur 2,744 5,288 6,160 10,011 5,320 1,547 East St. Loiris 6,052 9,801 12, 432 21,701 7, 160 1,256 Elgin 1,909 4,006 6, 169 4,989 8,341 5,146 1,433 Joliet 3,738 7,126 11,048 4,740 1,220 Peoria 5,338 10, 248 13,272 24,072 10, 979 2,925 Quincy 2,838 5,831 7,426 11,. 397 6,044 2,400 Rockford 3,828 7,m 9,384 14,844 7,510 2,323 Springfield 4,755 8, 920 9,834 17,367 8,204 2, 452 Indiana Evansville 6,150 11,054 14,462 22,988 11,459 2,878 Fort Wayne 5,441 10,943 13,379 21,211 10, 209 2,068 South Bend 6,320 9,514 10,887 17, .533 7,036 1,754 Terre Haute 5,052 9,923 11,667 19,774 9,345 2,310 Iowa Cedar Rapids 2,894 5,278 0,743 11,041 5,407 1,414 Clinton 2,140 4,325 5,345 7,795 4,429 1,530 Council Bluffs 2, 730 5,230 5,997 9,297 4,701 1,277 Davenport 3,034 7, 163 8,310 14,200 7,318 2,375 Des Moines 7,850 14,235 17,308 29,477 13,584 3,081 Dubumie 3, 191 6,553 7,812 12, 220 6,573 2, 124 Sioux City 4,019 7,7.57 10,708 16, 707 7,019 1,538 Waterloo 2,547 4, 190 5,806 9,086 3,840 1,129 Kansas Kansas City 8,264 14,700 17,018 27, 133 12,04.8 2,082 Topeka 3,738 6,717 9,;143 13,768 7, 093 2,575 Wicliita 4,455 8, 188 11,309 17,585 8,380 2,348 Kentucky Covington 4,8.51 9,185 11,090 17,181 8,718 2,217 Lexington 2, .504 6,267 6,880 12,237 0,390 1,7.83 Newport 2,740 5,230 6,149 10,070 4,847 1,2,59 Louisiana Shreveport 2, .546 4,965 6,040 10,238 3,403 779 Maine lycwiston 2,669 4,908 5,418 7,627 4,424 1,232 Portland 4.811 8,710 10,604 19,714 10,906 3,681 AGE PERIODS. CITY. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 25 to 44 years. 45 to W years. 65 years and over. Massachusetts Brockton 5, 342 9,213 10,938 19.548 9,513 2,282 B rookllne. town 1,769 3,593 5,064 10,277 5,448 1,601 Chelsea 3, 654 6,008 6, 250 10,320 4,610 1,588 Chicopee 3, 371 5,028 5,223 7,932 2,996 808 Everett 3,474 6,256 6, 022 10, 796 5,513 1,419 Fitchburg 4,105 6,962 7,734 11,717 5,669 1,592 Haverlull 4,062 7,192 8,129 14,304 7,822 2,588 Holyoke 6,002 11,488 12,618 17.970 7,790 1,812 Lawrence 9,317 14,982 17,952 29, 107 11,820 2,691 Lynn 8,195 13,356 17,032 31,385 15,140 4,131 Malden 4,484 8.319 7,947 14,057 7,442 2,132 New Bedford 10,700 17, 100 19,680 31,416 13,963 3,703 Newton 3, 460 6,649 7,262 13, 137 6,954 2, 277 Pittsfield 3,057 5,189 6,204 11,144 5,095 1,421 Quincy 3, .502 6,240 5,898 10,625 5,074 1,289 Salem 4,726 7,913 8,245 13, 400 6,951 2,328 Somerx-iUe 7,433 12,887 12,866 26,469 13,511 3,947 ^ringfleld Taimton 8,292 14,135 16.822 31,148 14, 162 4,289 3,522 5,915 6,339 10,695 5,843 1,925 Waltham 2,234 4,553 5,446 9,304 4,830 1,446 Michigan Battle Creek 2,027 3,506 4,869 8.828 4,678 1,262 Bay City 5,020 9,027 9,241 12,576 7,238 2,050 Fiiht 3, 4,50 4,849 9,6.81 13, 909 5,306 1,289 Jackson 2,541 4,624 5,815 10,868 5,873 1,684 Kalamazoo 3,440 5,678 7,S54 12,989 7,027 2,121 Lansing 2,580 4,511 7,088 10,752 4,900 1,366 Saginaw 4,706 8,481 10,343 15,077 8,647 2,591 Minnesota Duluth 7,486 13,081 16,811 28,871 10,378 1,496 Missouri Joplin 3,424 5,908 6,374 10,675 4,023 1,029 St. Jo.seph 6, 454 12, 253 16,398 20,928 12,046 3,201 Springfield 3,448 6,259 7,678 10.931 5,353 1,388 Montana Butte 3,439 5,902 6,918 17,030 5,086 628 Nebraska I.incoln 4,317 6,730 9,417 14,275 7.130 1,880 South Omaha 3,165 5,234 5,514 8,649 3,177 498 New Hampshire Marches tor 6,848 12,663 15,475 21,444 10,758 2,817 Nashua 2,511 4,549 5, 492 7,960 4,183 1,287 New Jersey Atlantic City 3,708 0,721 8,330 18,675 7,179 1,429 Bayonne 7.755 11,842 11,1.50 17,681 5,976 1,117 Camden 9,971 16,930 18, 205 30,227 15,296 3,773 East Orange 2, 7(;5 5, 1,58 0,185 12.490 5,998 1,750 Elizabeth 8,687 13,773 14, 440 24, 608 9,007 2,252 Hoboken 7,140 13,415 13,97.8 23,920 9,855 1,923 Orange 3,301 5,529 5,677 9, 624 4,447 1,016 Passaic 7,317 9, 742 14,254 17,361 5,063 982 I'erth Amboy 4,668 6,445 6,. 577 10, -124 3.424 562 Trenton 9,9.59 16,864 19,942 31,805 14,744 3,461 West Hoboken tonm 3,750 7, 157 6,873 11,740 4,932 938 New York Amsterdam 3.258 4,6.35 7,207 10,343 4., 565 1,240 Auburn 2,962 4,091 0,712 12,041 6.243 2,012 Binghamton 3. 691 6,679 8,948 16, 2.56 9,772 3,0,33 Elmira 2,644 5,283 8,051 ll,iK17 7,082 2,170 Jamestown 2,756 4,924 6,341 10, 247 5,279 1,683 Kingston 2,119 4,430 5,236 7,865 4,812 1,435 Mount Vernon 3,064 6,675 5,7.30 10,218 4,933 1,276 New Rochelle 3,121 5,198 5,7,80 10,054 3,826 877 Nowburgli 2,173 4,622 6,246 9,068 5,058 1,621 Niagara Falls 3,279 4, 8,53 0 , i:io 11,245 4,053 848 Poughkeepsie 2,313 4,194 5,162 9,1.32 5,274 1,834 Schenectady. 7,. 8.59 12,122 13,545 27,569 9,, 511 2,150 Troy 5,839 11,962 15,0.31 25,684 14,272 4,007 U tica 7,070 12,093 14,675 24, 442 12,349 3,708 Watertown 2,295 4,o:j7 15,029 4,892 9,081 4,848 1,511 Yonkers 8,978 10,552 26,928 10,087 2, 186 AGE DISTRIBUTION 145 DISTRIBUTION BY AGE PERIODS OF THE POPULATION IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910 — Continued. Table 16— Continued. AGE PERIODS. CITY. Under 5 years. 5 to 14 years. 15 to 24 years. 25 to 44 years. 45 to (Vt years. 65 years and over. North Carolina Charlotte 3,981 6,702 7,706 10,532 4,120 896 Wilmington 2,837 4, 745 5,375 7,936 3,500 872 Ohio Akron 6,758 10,393 15,164 24, 198 10, 135 2,353 Canton 4, .589 8,020 10,379 17,468 7,727 1,960 Hamilton 3,436 6,317 6,980 11,430 5,493 1,608 Hima 2,885 5,356 6,218 10,089 4,780 1,137 Lorain 3,892 5,304 5.490 10,598 3,109 484 Newark 2,136 4,112 4,898 8,702 4,355 1,176 Springfield Youngstown 3,975 7,516 9,260 15,011 8,596 2,337 1,874 8,873 13,078 16,029 29,257 9,187 Zanesville 2,463 4,306 5,333 9,290 5,002 1,598 Oklahoma Muskogee 2,358 4,207 5,435 9,552 3,043 454 Oklahoma City 5,671 9,356 14, 419 25,203 7,901 1,409 Pennsylvania Allentown 5,455 8,779 10,574 16,625 8,184 2,259 Altoona 5,705 9,528 10,314 17,185 7,494 1,855 Chester 3,707 6,616 7,776 12,947 5,912 1,532 Easton 2,471 4,552 5,455 9,196 5,211 1,036 Erie 7,263 12, 392 12,520 21,201 9,974 2,992 Harrisburg 5,o54 10,054 12,411 22,401 10,775 2,892 Hazleton 3,248 5,770 5,181 7,172 3,334 725 Johnstown 6,810 9,767 12,284 18,675 0,493 1,410 Lancaster 4,233 7,933 9,114 14, 465 8,776 2,696 McKeesport 5,298 8,820 8,947 13,614 5,077 920 New Castle 4,184 6,298 7, 193 12,504 4,884 1,179 Norristown borough 2,350 4,182 5,131 8,854 5,563 1,740 Reading 9,543 16,566 18,957 31,020 15,799 . 4,169 Shenandoah borough 3,925 5,6.52 5,277 8,139 2,351 388 Wilkes-Barre 7,755 13, 473 14,055 20,901 8,895 1,958 WilUamsport 2,722 5,384 6,210 9,908 5,903 1,694 York 4,315 7,848 8,839 14, 122 7,423 2,201 Rhode Island Newport 2,235 4,043 6,762 8,498 4,257 1,321 Pawtucket 4,874 9,524 10, 149 16, 738 8,198 2,065 Warwick town 2,786 5,296 5,185 7,867 4,225 1,261 Woonsocket 4,277 7,789 8.426 11,300 5,112 1,203 AGE PERIOD.S. CITY. Under 5 years. 5 to 11 years. 15 to 24 years. 25 to 14 years. 45 to years. 65 years and over South Carolina Charleston 5,666 10,756 12,698 19,441 7,987 2,042 Columbia 2,570 4,600 5,962 8,909 3,235 743 Tennessee . Chattanooga 3,937 7,154 10, 145 16,244 5,670 1,235 Knoxville 3,187 6,251 8,646 11,986 4,989 1,066 Texas Austin 2,607 5,567 6,368 8,942 4,543 1,640 Dallas 8,048 15,321 20,368 33,610 12,125 2,519 El Paso 4,445 7,700 7,588 13,535 4,753 886 Fort W orth 6,950 12,788 16,164 26,640 8,848 1,555 Galveston 3,232 6 299 7,461 13,433 5,290 1,234 Houston 6,781 13, 167 17,348 28,647 10,414 2,113 San Antonio 9,977 18,681 20,620 30,896 12,889 3,247 Waco 2,552 5,343 5,788 8,141 3,445 869 Utah Ogden 3,068 5,133 5,299 7,741 3,534 767 Salt Lake City 10, 451 16,976 18,880 30,306 12,532 3,022 Virginia Lynchburg 3,096 5,327 7,012 8,989 3,997 993 Norfolk ; 6,198 11,235 14, 459 24,495 9,024 1,978 Portsmouth 3,343 5,857 7,862 10,995 4,204 918 Roanoke 3,865 6,705 7,967 11,281 4,082 880 Washington Tacoma 7,094 12,685 16,533 30,111 13,008 2,619 West Virginia Himtington 3,302 6,068 6,962 9,882 4,090 834 Wheeling 3,868 7,047 8.290 14,053 6,720 1,589 Wisconsin Green Bay 2,965 5,193 5,033 7, 710 3,224 1,102 La Crosse 2,658 5,547 6,669 9,012 4,940 1,543 Madison 2,248 3,945 5,558 8,472 4,056 1,216 Oslxkosh 3^43 6,226 6,670 9,539 5,424 1,847 Racine 3,785 6,657 8,013 12,337 5,655 1,519 Sheboygan 2,883 5,176 5,580 7,539 4,093 1,100 Sunerior 4.362 7.668 7,810 15,111 4, 785 032 '2497°— 13 10 146 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. Id the census statistics of marital condition, tlie terms “married,” “widowed,” or “divorced” refer 1.0 tlie marital status of the person enumerated at the time wlien the census was taken, so that a person, for instance, who had been widowed or divorced but had remarried would be reported as married. Table ] 7 shows, by sex, the marital condition of the total poj)ulation of the United States (exclusive of all outlvhig possessions) as reported at the census of 1910. Table 1 7 MARITAL CONDITION. POPULATION OF ALL ages: 1910 Male. Female. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total 47,332, 277 100.0 44, 639,989 100.0 Single 27,455,607 58.0 2.3,522, 121 52.7 Married, widowed, or divorced 19,721,146 41.7 21,049,696 47.2 Married 18,093, 498 38.2 17,688,169 39.6 Widowed 1,471,472 3.1 3, 176, 426 7.1 Divorced 156, 176 0.3 185, 101 0.4 Marital condition not reported 155, 524 0.3 68, 172 0.2 Of the total number of males of all ages in 1910, 58 per cent were single, 38.2 per cent married, and 3.4 per cent widowed or divorced, the corresponding percentages for females being 52.7, 39.6, and 7.5. The number of persons under 15 years of age who are married, widowed, or divorced is naturally in- significant, comprising in 1910 only 994 males and 3,713 females. Statistics of marital condition are, therefore, usually confined to persons 15 years of age and over. Table 18 summarizes the data for persons of this class. Table IS POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND over; 1910 MARITAL CONDITION. Male. Female. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total 32, 425, 805 100.0 30, 047,325 8,933,170 21,045,983 17,684,087 3, 176,228 185,068 68, 172 100.0 12', 550', 129 19, 720, 152 18,092,600 ], 471, 390 38.7 29.7 60.8 70.0 55.8 58.9 4.5 10.6 156, 162 155,524 0.5 0.6 Marital condition not reported 0.5 0.2 There were, in 1910, 32,425,805 males 15 years of age and over and 30,047,325 females, an excess of 2,378,480 males. The number of males to 100 females was 107.9. This excess of males in the adult population of the United States has a most imjiortant bearing upon the statistics of marital condition. It accounts in part for the fact that there were 12,550,129 single men, as compared with 8,933,170 single women, or 3,616,959 more of the former than of the latter. But a further explanation of this dispropor- tion is found in the fact that women many at an earlier age; in other words, men remain single longer than women, therefore there are more single men at any given time. Other things being the same, the proportion of the total population wlio marry wdll be greater in a com- munity where the sexes are numerically equal than in one where either sex outnumbers the other. In the latter case it is obvious that a certain number of per- sons of the sex which is in excess must remain sin- gle. Considering one sex alone, however, it is obvious that the })robability of marriage will increase in pro- portion as that sex falls below a numerical equality with the other sex and decrease in proportion as it exceeds the other. Probably remairiage is more common among men than among women, and this may explain in part the great excess of widows over wddow'ers. But without doubt the excess is largely due to the fact that men usually marry at a later age than women, so that the marriage relation is more often broken by death of the ‘husband than by death of the wdfe. In other words, the excess of single men over single women has as a natural correlative an excess of widows over widowers. It will be noted that in the population 15 years of age and over, there were, in 1910, 407,913 more married men than married women (18,092,600 as compared with 17,684,687), a condition largely ex- plainable by the presence in the United States of foreign-born married men who left their wdves in their native countries. The total number of men 15 years of age and over who in 1910 had been married (that is, the married, widowed, or divorced together) was 19,720,152, or consitlerabR less than the number of the con*esponding class of women, 21,045,983. Marked dilTerences appear between the percentages for males and for females, as showm by Table 18. Of the males, 60.8 per cent were either married, widowed, or divorced, wliile for the females the proportion was much higher, 70 per cent. Although there were, in absolute numbers, more married men than married women, the percentage maiTicd for males (55.8), be- ing based on a larger total, was material^ lower than that for females (58.9). The i)erccntages widowed for males and for females were 4.5 and 10.6, respectively. The proportions reported as divorced wore 0.5 per cent for males and 0.6 ])er cent for females. The number of divorced persons reported by the census, of course, falls short of the miinber of living j)ersons who have been divorced, as maiyr divorced ])ersons have renian-ied, and the census, as preriousR jKiinted out, reports simjily the marital condition of the popidation at the date of the enumeration. At MAIUTAL (X)NDITION. 147 the same time it seems practically certain that the census returns as to the nuinhcr of (livorc(>(l ])ersons not remarried are below th(' (rue total, some divorced persons luiving been reported as single, some as mar- ried, and some as widowed. It will be noted that there were a limited number of persons whose marital condition was not reported by the enumerators. Tl\e luimber and percentage of such persons are not separately shown ih the later tables, as they constitute only 0.2 per cent of the aggregate population. They are in all cases included in the totals on wliich the jjercentages single, mar- ried, widowed, or divorced are based, but the per- centages would not be appreciably dill'erent if based exclusively upon the number of persons whose marital condition was reported. Age groups. — No satisfactory analysis of statistics of marital condition can be made without considering age composition. Aside from differences in the relative number of men and women in the population, the proportion which the number of persons who are or have been married forms of the total number of adults depends on three factors; (1) the age at which mar- riages take place; (2) the duration of life; and (3) the number who permanently remain single. Ordinarily the first factor has greater weight than the others in causing the differences which appear in the statistics for different classes or communities. Of course, in all cases the combined proportion of married, widowed, or divorced persons is lower among young than among older persons. Consequently differences be- tween classes or communities as to the proportion married, widowed, and divorced in the total number of adults may result merely from differences in age distribution and may not appear when comparisons are confined to limited age groups. Table 19 shows, for 1910, the marital condition of the total population 15 years of age and over, classified by sex and age. The percentages are shown in the accompanying diagram. This table shows a rapid increase in the combined percentage of married, widowed, or divorced persons with each older age group. For males, for example, only 1.2 per cent in the age group 15 to 19 years were married, widowed, or divorced, as compared with 24.6 per cent in the age group 20 to 24 years, 64.7 per cent in the age group 25 to 34 years, and 93.5 per cent in the group 65 years of age and over. This table brings out clearly the prevailing difference between men and women as to the age of marriage. In the age group 15 to 19 years the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in 1910 was for males 1.2 per cent and for females 11.6 per cent. In the age group 20 to 24 years the percentages were 24.6 for males and 51.4 for females.’ In the succeeding age groups the proportions for the sexes rapidly approach equality, and for persons of 65 and over the percentage of males married, widowed, or divorced (93.5) was slightly higher than the percentage of females (93.4). Tabic 1» rOPULATION: 1910 AGE PERIOD AND SEX. Married, widowed or divorced. Total.' Single. Total. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Xnmbor. 15 years and over Male 32,425,805 12,550,129 19,720,152 18,092,600 1,471,390 156,162 Female 30,047,325 8,933,170 21,045,983 17,684,687 3,176,228 185,068 15 to 19 years: Male 4,527,282 4,448,007 3,9^5,764 53,334 51,877 1,110 347 Female 4,530,321 527,150 513,239 10,261 3,650 20 to 24 years: Male 4,580,290 3,432,161 1,125,640 1,100,093 18,815 6,732 Female 4, 476, 094 2,103,683 2,301,086 2,225,362 55,354 20,370 25 to 31 years: Male 7,901,110 2, 707,957 5,109,771 4,964, 769 110,431 34,571 Female 7,251,072 1,510,726 5,725,483 5,443,894 224,327 57,262 35 to 44 years: Male 6,153,366 1,020,502 5,114,542 4, 873, 153 198, 701 42,688 Female 5,504,321 028, 516 4,871,475 4,410,310 411,896 49,269 45 to 64 years: Male 7,103,332 722, 701 6,428,449 5,771,630 598,642 58,177 Female 6,260,757 499,564 5,755,469 4,383,497 1,324,838 47,134 65 years and over: Male 1,985,976 123,322 1,855,901 1,303,768 539,058 13,075 Female 1,963,548 124,223 1,834, 796 687,335 1,140,558 6,903 Per cent. 15 years and over: Male 100.0 38.7 60.8 55.8 15 0.5 Female 100.0 29.7 70.0 58.9 10.6 0.6 15 to 19 years: Male 100.0 98.3 1.2 1.1 (*) (») Female 100.0 87.9 11.6 11.3 0.2 0.1 20 to 24 years: Male 100.0 74.9 24.6 24.0 0.4 0.1 Female 100.0 48.3 51.4 49.7 1.2 0.5 25 to 34 years: Male 100.0 35.0 64.7 62.8 1.4 0.4 Female 100.0 20.9 79.0 75.1 3.1 0.8 35 to 44 years: Male 100.0 16.7 83.1 79.2 3.2 0.7 Female 100.0 11.4 88.5 80.1 7.5 0.9 45 to 64 years; Male 100.0 10.1 89.7 80.6 8.4 0.8 Female 100.0 8.0 91.9 70.0 21.2 0.8 65 years and over; Male 100.0 6.2 93.5 65. 6 27.1 0.7 Female 100.0 6.3 93.4 35.0 58.1 0.4 > Total Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Includes persons of unknown age. * Less than one-tenlh of 1 per cent. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION: 1910. PER CENT 100 eo 60 40 30 O 30 40 60 60 100 V/////A WIDOWED OR D.'VORCED 148 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. 4'lie (lifToroncos between tlie absolute numbers of males and of females, lesjieetively, in the several mari- tal eondition classes in the various ap;e groups, as shown by Table 19, are conspicuous. In each of the age grou})s, except that com])rising persons 65 years of age and over, the number of single men in 1910 greatly exceeded tlie nundier of smgle women. On the other hand, in the groups comprising persons from 15 to 34 years of age, the number of married females materially exceeded the number of married males, but the oppo- site was the case in the grou])s comprising persons 35 years of age and over. In every age group the widows greatly outnumbered the widowers. The relation between the number of males and females in the ilill'erent classes is brought out more clearly m Table 20, which shows, by age groups, the number of males to 100 females in the total popula- tion and among suigle and married, widowed, or divorced persons, respectively. Table NUMBER OF MALES PER 100 FEMALES. AGE PERIOD. Total. Suigle. Married , widowed, or divorced. 107.9 140.5 93.7 99.8 111.6 10.1 102.3 158.6 48.9 109.0 182,5 89.2 111.8 163,3 105.0 114.4 144.7 111.7 101.1 99.3 101.2 Table 21 shows the marital condition of the popu- lation above specified age limits. Table 22, which is derived from Table 23, sum- marizes the statistics for the white population, classi- fied by nativity and parentage, and for the negroes. ‘ Table 22 POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE ANn OVER: 1910 CLASS OF POPULATION AND SEX. Married, widowed, or divorced. Total.' Single. Total. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Number. Total: Male 32,425,805 12, 550, 129 19,720,152 18,092,600 1,471,390 156, 162 Female 30,047,325 8,933,170 21,045,983 17,684,687 3,176,228 185,068 Nat. wldte— Nat. parentage: Male 16,233,095 6,185,324 9,960,438 9,144,099 728,883 87,456 Female 15,523,900 4,644, 122 10,842,998 9,219,385 1,523,560 100,053 Nat. wlute — P'or. or mixed par.: Male 5,785,137 2.906,042 2,863,173 2,677,706 160,779 24,688 Female 5,887,131 2,453,017 3,421,147 3,008,623 382,318 30,206 For.-born white: Male 7,139.893 2,268,916 4,839,920 4, 432, 135 384,726 23,059 Female 5,446,306 994, no 4,444,657 3,624.003 800,112 20,542 Negro: Male 3,059,312 1,083,472 1,959,344 1,749,228 189,970 20,146 Female 3,103,344 823,996 2,269,066 1,775,949 459,831 33,286 Per cent. Total: Male 100. 0 38.7 60.8 55.8 4.5 0.5 Female 100. 0 29.7 70,0 58.9 10.6 0.6 Nat. white — Nat. parentage: Male 100.0 38.1 61.4 56.3 4.5 O.S Female 100.0 29.9 69.8 59.4 9.8 0.6 Nat. wliite — For. or mixed par. : Male 100.0 50.2 49.5 46.3 2.8 0.4 Female 100.0 41.7 58.1 51.1 6.5 0.5 For. -bom wliite: Male 100.0 31.8 67.8 62.1 5.4 0.3 Female 100.0 18.3 81.6 66.5 14.7 0.4 Negro: Male 100.0 35.4 64.0 57.2 6.2 0.7 Female 100.0 26.6 73.1 57.2 14.8 1.1 Table SI POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER:' 1910 AGE PERIOD AND SEX. 15 years and over Male Female 20 years and over Male Female 25 years and over Male Female 35 years and over Male Female 45 vears and over ■ Male Female 65 years and over Male Female Number. Per cent. i Married, Mar- ried, j Total.2 Single. widowed, or divorced. Single. wid- owed , or di- vorced. 12,520,710 19,6S7,(n7 38.8 60.9 29.992. 713 8,918,476 21,015.459 29.7 70.1 27. 784. 080 8.072,643 19, 634,. 30.3 29. 1 70.7 4,932,712 20,488,309 19.4 80.5 23,203,790 4. 640, 482 18,508,663 20.0 79.8 20, 979, 698 2, 769.029 18, 187, 223 13.2 86.7 15,. 302. 674 1,872,525 1.3, .398, 892 12.2 87.6 13,728,626 1,252,303 12,461,740 9.1 90.8 9, 149, 308 846, 023 8, 284.. 3,50 9.2 90.5 8,224,305 623, 787 7, 590, 265 7.6 92.3 1,985,976 123, 322 1,8.55,901 6.2 9 : 1.5 1,96:1,548 124,223 1,8.34.796 6.3 93. 4 ' Exclasive of persons of unknovim ase. 2 Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. Color or race, nativity, and parentage. — Table 23 shows for 1910 statistics of marital condition for each color or race, nativity, and parentage group, giving a further tdassificatioii according to age groujis in the case of the more irnjiortant elements in the pojndation; it shows also the priiicijial comparative figures for 1900. ' Includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. This table shows that the excess of males in the total population 15 years of age and over is chiefly due to the marked excess of males among the foreign-born whites, although there is an appreciable excess of males also among the native whites of native parent- age. For this and other reasons the distribution of the foreign-born whites with resjiect to marital con- dition differs materially from that of the other classes. This table of course gives no direct information with regard to intermarriage among the three groups of white jiereons, but, beyond question, the three classes, native whites of native parentage, native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and foreign-born whites, intermarry more or less; conseipiently there is not necessarily an equality between the number of married males and the number of married females within any one group. * The limited number of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, and “other” per.sons may be jias.sed over without discussion lurther than to point out that the marital condition among the Indiana corre- spoyds approximately to that among the negroes, while that among the Chinese and Jajianose in this country is (luite exceptional, the combined jiroportion married, widowed, or divorced among these races being very low in the case of males and very high in the case of females. Most of the married Chinese and Japanese men, how- ever, have left their wives in their homo countries, and the total number of women of these races in the United States is exceed- iugly small. MARITAL CONDITION 149 MARITAL CONDITION OK THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: [Per cent not shown where l)ase Ls loss than 100.] 1910. Table 23 CLAS.S OK POPUL.tTION AND AGE PERIOD. ALR CLASSES: 1910. All ages 15 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 yoai-s 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Ago unlmown ALL CLASSES; 1900. All ages 15 years and over 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown WHITE. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910 — 1900.... 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NEGRO. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910 1900.... • 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown INDIAN. 15 years and over, 1910 CHINESE. 15 years and over, 1910 JAPANESE. 15 years and over, 1910 ALL OTHER RACES. 15 years and over, 1910 NATIVE WHITE— NA- TIVE PARENTAGE. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910 1900.... 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown NATIVE WHITE— FOR- EIGN OR MIXED PAR. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910 1900.... 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknowTi FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. All ages, 1910 15 years and over, 1910 1900. . . . 1910 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown MALES 15 YEARS OK AGE AND > FKMALKS 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER . Total.* Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.* Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Numlx'r. Per cent. Num- i)er. Rcr cent. 47, 332, 277 27, 455, 607 58.0 18.093,498 38.2 1,471,472 3.1 156, 176 44,639,989 23, 522, 121 52.7 17,688, 169 39.6 3, 176, 426 7.1 185, 101 32, 425, 805 12, 550, 129 38.7 18, 092, 600 55.8 1,471,390 4.5 156, 162 30, 047, 325 8, 933, 170 29.7 17, 684, 687 58.9 3, 176, 228 10.6 185, 068 4.527,282 4, 448, 067 98.3 51,877 1.1 1,110 « 347 4,536,321 3,985,764 87.9 513,239 11.3 10, 261 0.2 3,650 4, . ISO , 290 3,432, 161 74.9 1, 100, 093 24.0 18, 815 0.4 6. 732 4,476,694 2, 1(53, 683 48.3 2, 225, 362 49. 7 55, 354 1.2 20,: i 70 4,244,348 1,816, 137 42.8 2,353,525 55.5 45,092 1. 1 15.503 3, 935, 655 981,556 24.9 2,823,935 71.8 95,385 2.4 29, 1.53 3,656,768 951,820 26.0 2,611,244 71.4 65,339 1.8 19, 068 3,315,417 535, 170 16.1 2, 619, 959 79.0 128,942 3.9 28, 109 6, 153, 366 1,026, 502 16.7 4, 873. 153 79.2 198, 701 3.2 42,688 5,504,321 628,516 11.4 4,410,310 80. 1 411.896 7.5 49, 269 4, 488, 929 499, 751 11.1 3,658,931 81.5 286, 222 6.4 36, 502 3,881,059 331,573 8.5 2,904,043 74.8 610,386 15.7 31,934 2, 674, 403 222, 950 8.3 2, 112, 699 79.0 312, 420 11.7 21, 675 2,379,698 167,991 7.1 1,479,454 62.2 714,452 30.0 15,200 1,985,976 123,322 6.2 1,303,768 65.6 539, 058 27.1 13,075 1,963,548 124,223 6.3 687,335 3.5.0 l , r 40.558 58. 1 6,903 114,443 29,419 25.7 27,310 23.9 4,633 4.0 572 / 54, 612 14, 694 26.9 21,050 38.5 8,994 16.5 480 38, 816,448 23,492,923 60.5 13,956,314 36.0 1, 178, 008 3.0 84,237 37, 178, 127 20,491,042 55.1 13,813,787 37.2 2,717,839 7.3 114,677 25, 620, 399 10,297,940 40.2 13,955,650 54.5 1, 177, 976 4.6 84,230 24, 249, 191 7, 566,539 31.2 13, 810, 057 57.0 2,717,715 11.2 114, 647 3,750,451 3.706,382 98.8 37, 781 1.0 871 C) 194 3,805,638 3,374,814 88.7 415, 682 10.9 9,336 0.2 2,418 3,624,580 2,812,113 77.6 782, 907 21.6 14,332 0.4 3,322 3,710,436 1,913,552 51.6 1, 726, 296 46.5 52, 545 1.4 13,124 3,323,543 1.520,782 45.8 1,746,620 52.5 38, 781 1.2 8,218 3,205,898 882, 875 27.5 2,209,357 68.9 91.847 2.9 18,461 2,901,321 800. 664 27. 6 2,025,729 69.8 58,312 2.0 10, 307 2,654,718 441,409 16.6 2.071,698 78.6 121,944 4.6 17,384 4,872,781 826, 201 17.0 3, 840, 575 78.8 174, 535 3.6 22, 630 4, 339, 166 481,668 11.1 3,451,375 79.5 372,677 8.6 29,953 3, 402, 458 349, 429 10.3 2,797,354 82.2 230,656 6.8 19, 498 2, 994, 983 234, 413 7.8 2.212,223 73.9 526, 456 17.6 19,111 2,062.424 156, 823 7.6 1,644,373 79.7 245,424 11.9 12, 297 1,940,111 128, 954 6.6 1,172,904 60.5 626, 271 32.3 9,566 1,555,418 89, 152 5.7 1,044,051 67. 1 410,565 26.4 7,355 1.525,080 90. 858 6.0 521, 220 34.2 905, 130 59.3 4,129 127, 423 36, 394 28.6 36,260 28.5 4,500 3.5 409 73, 161 17,987 24.6 29,302 40.1 11,509 15.7 501 42, 178, 245 24, 379, 558 57.8 16, 254, 696 38.5 1,274,464 3.0 135, 215 39, 553, 712 20, 784, 712 52.5 15, 854, 757 40.1 2,706,127 6.8 ISO , 830 29, 158, 125 11, 360, 282 39.0 16, 253, 940 55.7 1,274,388 4.4 135, 203 26, 857, 337 8, 091, 249 30.1 15, 852, 011 59.0 2,705,99 C 10.1 150, 801 22,808,628 9, 173, 430 40.2 12,455,858 54.6 1,020,387 4.5 72,761 21,483,052 6,747,306 31.4 12,319, 767 57.3 2,291,872 10.7 91,737 3,999, 143 3,936,550 98.4 40,304 1.0 680 (*) 230 3,969,248 3,525,988 88.8 416,178 10.5 5,233 0.1 2,380 4,070,955 3,122,440 76.7 913,059 22.4 11,506 0.3 4,856 3,915,456 1,968,679 50.3 1,893,144 48.4 29.26 C 0.7 14,330 7,039,393 2, .545, 440 35.9 4,414,772 62.3 81,329 1.1 27,920 6,435,019 1,399,105 21.7 4,833,792 75.1 150, 107 2.C 44,530 5,561,221 944, 724 17.0 4,407,687 79.3 161,346 2.9 37,007 4,950,899 589,925 11.9 3,996,443 80.7 319, 86 S 6.5 41,029 6,518,282 670, 486 10.3 5,263.730 80. S 520,931 8.0 52,716 5,731,622 476,679 8.3 4,055,546 70.8 1,152,60c 20. 1 41,973 1,825,019 115,719 6.3 1,195,982 65.5 495, 282 27.1 12,019 1,814,984 118,826 6.5 642,347 35.4 1,043,632 57.5 6,274 94, 112 24,923 26.5 18,406 19.6 3,314 3.6 455 40, 112 12,047 30.0 14, .561 36.3 5,287 13.2 285 4, 885, 881 2, 909, 902 59.6 1,749,359 35.8 189, 976 3.9 20, 148 4, 941, 882 2, 661, 778 53.9 1, 776, 643 36.0 459, 889 9.3 33, 290 3, 059, 312 1,083, 472 35.4 1, 749, 228 57.2 189, 970 6.2 20, 146 3, 103,344 823,996 26.6 1, 775, 949 57.2 459, 831 14. { 33, 286 2,633,008 1,033,285 39.2 1,422,886 54.0 151, 233 .5.7 11,026 2,690,583 803,683 29.9 1,443,817 53.7 414, 107 1.5.4 22,033 507,945 492, 153 96.9 11,064 2.2 416 0.1 104 5.52,471 448,515 81.2 94,087 17.0 4,929 0.9 1,205 482, 157 287,994 59.7 182, 110 37.8 7, 160 1.5 1,809 548,638 191,396 34.9 323, 773 59. C 25,776 4.7 5,876 753,968 189, 196 25.1 .527, 149 69.9 28,261 3.7 6,408 795,348 115,682 14.5 592,547 74.5 73,353 9.2 12, 448 550, 130 67,203 12.2 439,901 80.0 36, 144 6.6 5,458 538, 732 38, 105 7.1 401, 06 t 74.4 90,83£ 16. £ 8,048 595,554 36,661 6.2 477,712 80.2 74,809 12.6 5,254 512,549 22,483 4.4 315, 823 61.6 168, 446 32. £ 4,954 152, 482 6,285 4.1 102,670 67.3 41,891 27.5 999 141,642 5,243 3.7 42, 40-! 29.9 92,856 65.6 565 17,076 3,980 23.3 8,622 50.5 1,289 7.5 114 13,964 2, .572 18.4 6,246 44.7 3,632 26.0 190 80,383 27,391 34.1 46, 154 57.4 5,319 6.6 679 76, 982 16, 324 21.2 49, 095 63.8 10, 071 13.1 959 64,394 34, 330 53.3 26,449 41.1 1,139 1.8 45 2,955 680 23.0 2,016 68.2 229 7.7 5 60, 536 42, 688 70.5 15,918 26.3 495 0.8 86 6, 648 908 13.7 5, 581 84.0 96 1.4 17 3,055 1,966 64.4 911 29.8 79 2.6 3 59 13 35 11 25, 229, 218 15, 180, 989 60.2 9, 144, 513 36.2 728, 920 2.9 87,463 24, 259, 357 13, 377, 257 55.1 9, 221, 615 38.0 1,523,629 6.3 100, 076 16, 233, 095 6, 185, 324 38.1 9, 144, 099 56.3 728, 883 4.5 87,456 15, 523, 900 4, 644, 122 29.9 9, 219, 385 59.4 1,523,56( 9.8 100, 053 13,088,058 5, 195,263 39.7 7, 193,922 55.0 587,894 4.5 47,993 12,. 561, 813 3,893,417 31.0 7,251,375 57.7 1,332,334 10.6 62,585 2,552,528 2,504,473 98.1 33,818 1.3 528 (») 178 2,536,527 2, 199,856 86.7 318,334 12.5 4,394 0.2 1.951 2,332,914 1,691,385 72.5 618,300 26.5 8, 870 0.4 3,763 2,350,008 1,094,534 46.6 1,216,851 51.8 21,851 0.9 10,902 3,788, 166 1,181,751 31.2 2,524,551 66.6 52,784 1.4 19,383 3,662, 509 713, 194 19.5 2,823,023 77. 1 92,017 2.5 29,936 2,854,044 415, 192 14.5 2,319,342 81.3 91, 123 3.2 23,312 2,641,722 284, 455 10.8 2, 163, 07£ 81. £ 166,086 6.3 25,999 3,547,325 315,401 8.9 2,902,649 81.8 290,516 8.2 32,826 3,192,675 261, 807 8.2 2,289, 701 71.7 611,361 19.1 26, 797 1,089,349 61,042 5.6 733,401 67.3 282,857 26.0 7,653 1,111,719 82, 137 7.4 398, 184 35.8 624,553 56.2 4,256 68,769 16,080 23.4 12,038 17.5 2,205 3.2 341 28,740 8, 139 28.3 10,213 35.5 3,298 11.5 212 9,425,239 6, 545, 950 69.5 2, 677, 885 28.4 160, 789 1.7 24, 693 9, 472, 598 6, 038, 152 63.7 3, 008, 927 31.8 382, 342 4.0 30, 210 5, 785, 137 2, 906, 042 50.2 2, 677, 706 46.3 160, 779 2.8 24, 688 5, 887, 131 2, 453, 017 41.7 3, 008, 623 51.1 382, 318 6.5 30,206 4,463,211 2,432,374 54.5 1,906,380 42.7 106, 055 2.4 11,422 4,475,907 1,985,289 44.4 2,212,946 49.4 256,953 5.7 16,634 1,094,861 1,085,405 99.1 3,635 0.3 92 (‘) 34 1,110,714 1,048,291 94.4 55,795 5.0 483 P) 319 914,121 769,574 84.2 138,537 15.2 1,387 0.2 735 958,987 601,967 62.8 347,277 36.2 4,289 0.4 2,588 1,421,983 624,710 43.9 774, 476 54.5 14,301 1.0 5,590 1,483,343 454,177 30.6 985,683 66.5 31,641 2.1 9,774 1,143,651 259,678 22.7 842,217 73.6 32,328 2.8 8,108 1,161,132 207,030 17.8 867,878 74.7 76,001 6.5 9,360 1,076,222 152,684 14.2 833,601 77.5 79, 808 7.4 9,088 1,041,164 128,510 12.3 705,913 67.8 198,391 19.1 7,658 128,662 11,448 8.9 83,384 64.8 32,543 25.3 1,087 126,924 10,899 8.6 44,426 35.0 70,959 55.9 469 5,637 2,543 45.1 1,856 32.9 320 5.7 46 4, 867' 2, 143 44.0 1,651 33.9 554 11.4 38 7, 523, 788 2, 652, 619 35.3 4, 432, 298 58.9 384, 755 5.1 23, 059 5, 821, 757 1,369,303 23.5 3, 624, 215 62.3 800, 156 13.7 20,544 7, 139, 893 2, 268, 916 31.8 4,432, 135 62.1 384, 726 5.4 23,059 5, 446, 306 994, 110 18.3 3, 624, 003 66.5 800, 112 14.7 20, 542 5,257,359 1,54,5,793 29.4 3,355,556 63.8 326, 438 6.2 13,346 4,445,332 868,600 19.5 2, 855, 446 64.2 702, 585 15.8 12,518 3.51,754 346,672 98.6 2,851 0.8 60 P) 18 322,007 277,841 86.3 42,049 13.1 356 0.1 110 823,920 661,481 80.3 1,56,222 19.0 1,249 0.2 358 606, 461 272, 178 44.9 329,016 54.3 3, 120 0.5 840 1,879,244 738,979 39.3 1,115,745 59.4 14,244 0.8 2,947 1,289,167 231,734 18.0 1,025,086 79.5 26, 449 2. 1 4,820 1,563,526 269,854 17.3 1,246,128 79.7 37,895 2.4 5,587 1,148,042 98, 440 8.6 965, 486 84.1 77,781 6.8 5,670 1,894,735 202, 401 10.7 1,527,480 80.6 150, 607 7.9 10,802 1,497,783 86,362 5.8 1,059,932 70.8 342,851 22.9 7,518 607,008 43,229 7.1 379, 197 62.5 179, 882 29.6 3,279 576,341 25,790 4.5 199,737 34.7 348, 120 60.4 1,549 19, 706 6,300 32.0 4,512 22.9 789 4.0 68 6,505 1,765 27.1 2,697 41.5 1,435 22.1 35 ' Total includes persons whose marital condition w-as not reported. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 150 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Anion) 0.1 20 to 24 years SO. 3 44.9 19.2 54.9 19.0 54.3 0.2 0.7 25 to 34 years 39. 3 18.0 60.3 81.9 59.4 79.5 0.9 2.4 35 to 44 years 17.3 8.6 82. 5 91.4 79.7 84.1 2.8 7.3 45 to 04 vears 10.7 .5.8 89. 1 94.2 80.6 70.8 8.5 2.3.4 05 years and over 7. 1 4.5 92.0 95.3 62.5 34.7 .30. 2 00.7 Negro: 6.9 15.9 15 years and over ‘ 35.4 26.6 64.0 73.1 67.2 67.2 15 to 19 years 90. 9 81.2 2.3 18.1 2.2 17.0 0.1 1.1 20 to 24 years 59.7 34.9 39.6 04.8 37.8 59.0 1.9 5.8 25 to 34 years 25. 1 14.5 74.5 85.3 69.9 74.5 4.6 10.8 35 to 44 years 12.2 7.1 87.5 92.8 80.0 74.4 7.6 18.4 45 to 04 years 0.2 4.4 93.7 9.5.4 80.2 61.6 13.4 33.8 05 years and over 4. 1 3.7 95.5 95.9 67.3 29.9 28.1 66.0 1 Percentages based on total population, which includes a small number of persons of unknown age. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In eveiy age grou]) and for both sexes the ])roportion married, witlowed, or divorced was materially higher in the case of the native whites of native i)arentage than in the case of the nat ive whites of foreign or mixed ])arentage. This is ])aiily due to the difl'erence in the geographic distribution f)f the two classes. A much larger ])ro])ortion of the native whites of foreign or mixed ])arentage than of the native whites of native ])arentage are in urban communities, and much larger pro])ortions of the former class than of the latter are in the North and the West. People living in urban communities are less a])t to marry, or tend to marry MARITAL CONDITION. 151 later, than those living in rural districts; and ])orsons livin" in the Northland the West are less a])t to marry, or tend to marry later, than })ersons living in the South. Table 24 shows, also, that in each of the individual age groui)s the percentage married, widowed, or di- vorced was higher for native white males of native parentage than for foreign-born white males. On the other hand, among females the percentages were somewhat lower for the native whites of native i)arent- age than for the foreign-born whites. The negroes of both sexes marry at a somewhat earlier age than the native whites of native parentage, but in the older age groups the percentage married among negroes was lower and the percentage widowed or divorced higher than among native whites of native parentage, except that in the case of males 65 years and over the percent- age married was the same in the two })opulation classes. MARITAL CONDITION OF PRINCIPAL CLASSES OF THE POPULATION, BY AGE PERIODS; 1910. 'I NATIVE WHITE - NATIVE PARENTAGE 2 NATIVE WHITE • FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE 3 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE 4 NEGRO X^TTPm SINGLE MARRIED WIDOWED OR DIVORCED Comparisons with previous censuses. — ^T'ablo 25 shows, by sex, the ])ercentages single, married, widowed, or divorce 60.8 59. 4 58.1 70.0 68.6 68.1 15 to 19 years 1.2 1.0 0.5 11.6 11.2 9.7 20 to 24 years 24.6 22.1 19.2 51.4 48.3 48.1 25 to 34 years 64.7 62.5 63.1 79.0 77.3 79.2 35 to 44 years 83.1 82.9 84.5 88.5 88.8 90.1 45 to 64 years 89.7 90.6 91.6 91.9 92.5 93.3 65 years and over 93.5 94.0 94.2 93.4 93.8 94.2 Native white — Native parentage: 15 years and over ‘ 61.4 59.8 59.7 69.8 68.8 69.3 15 to 19 years 1.4 1.2 0.6 12.8 12.5 11. 0 20 to 24 years 27.0 23.8 20.5 53.2 51.2 51.5 25 to 34 years 68.5 65.7 66.6 80.4 79.0 80.8 35 to 44 years 85.3 85.1 86.5 89.2 89.0 89.5 45 to 64 years 90.9 91.7 92.6 91.7 91.7 92.3 65 years and over 94.0 94.6 94.8 92.4 92.8 93.3 Native vrhite — Foreign or mixed parentage: 15 years and over > 49.5 45.3 38.0 58.1 55.6 49.0 15 to 19 years 0.3 0.3 0.1 5.1 5.0 4.2 20 to 24 years 15.4 13.1 11.0 36.9 35.0 34.6 25 to 34 years .55.9 52.5 55.3 69.2 68.5 71.4 35 to 44 years 77.2 78.1 80.6 82.1 83.9 8.7.1 45 to 64 years 85.7 86.9 88.9 87.6 89.8 91.5 65 years and over 90.9 92. 2 93. 6 91.3 91.9 92.3 Foreim-bom white: 15 years and over ' 67.8 70.3 67.6 81.6 80.3 79.2 15 to 19 years 0.8 0.7 0.3 13.2 11.0 8.4 20 to 24 years 19.2 17.3 1.5.1 54.9 46.5 45.2 25 to 34 years 60.3 60.9 58.1 81.9 80.7 80.1 35 to 44 years 82.5 82.0 82.2 91.4 91.6 91.7 45 to 64 years 89. 1 89.5 90. 3 94.2 94.4 95.1 65 years and over 92. 6 93.0 93. 2 95.3 95.6 96.0 Negro: 15 years and over > 64.0 60.2 60.0 73.1 69.9 69.8 15 to 19 years 2.3 1.8 0.9 18.1 16.6 15.0 20 to 24 years 39. 6 35. 1 34.2 64.8 60.0 61.7 25 to 34 years 74. 5 71.6 74.7 85.3 82.4 84.8 35 to 44 years 87.5 86.5 88.5 92.8 91.9 92.4 45 to 64 years 9.3.7 93. 3 93.9 95.4 95.1 95.2 65 years and over 95. 5 95. 0 94.3 95. 9 95.2 95.3 > Percentages based on total population, which includes a small number ot persons of unknown age. MARITAL CONDITION. 153 DIVISIONS AND STATES. Total population, by divisions. — Table 29 shows for the dilTorent geographic divisions of the country tlic proportions single, married, widowed, or divorced among persons 15 years of ago and over, classified by sex. The percentages are summarized grajihically in the accompanying diagram. Table 29 PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. DIVISION AND SEX. Married, widowed, or divorced. Single. Total. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced . United States: Male 38.7 60 8 55. 8 4.5 0.5 29.7 70. 0 58.9 10.6 0.6 New England: Male 38.6 61.2 55.5 5.1 0.5 Female 34.2 65.7 53.6 11.5 0.6 Miditle Atlantic: Male 39.0 60.7 56.1 4.3 0.2 Female 32.6 67.3 56.1 10.8 0.3 East North Central: 37.5 62.1 57.0 4.5 0.6 Female 29.1 70.7 59.8 10.1 0.7 West North Central: Male 40.5 58.9 54.1 4.3 0.5 Female 29.7 70.0 60.4 9.0 0.7 South Atlantic; Male 36.9 62.7 57.9 4.6 0,3 Female 29.6 70.1 58.4 11.3 0.4 East South Central: Male 34.9 64.8 59.2 5.1 0.5 Female 26.8 72.9 60.3 11.8 0.8 West South Central: Male 36.5 62.9 57.5 4.9 0.5 Female 25.3 74.4 63.1 10.6 0.7 Mountain: Male 45.1 54.1 49.5 3,8 0.8 Female 25.2 74.4 64.5 9.0 1.0 Pacific: Male 46.9 51.9 46.7 4.2 1.0 Female 27.4 72.4 60.5 10.6 1.3 The percentage of females who were or had been married was lower in New England than in other geographic divisions, while the proportion of males who were or had been married was lower in the Pacific and Mountain divisions than in the other divisions. It should be borne in mind in this connection that the number of males to 100 females is much higher in the Pacific and Mountain divisions than in any other, whereas New England is the only division in wliich the females outnumber the males. The factors of race and age doubtless exercise an appreciable in- fluence upon the marital condition of the total popu- lation, but, independently of racial or age composi- tion, it is almost inevitable that the proportion mar- ried, widowed, or divorced among males should be smallest in those geographic divisions in which the excess of males over females is greatest. Conversely it is natural that the proportion married among women should be relatively low in that section of the country where the females outnumber the males. The proportion widowed is highest for both sexes in the East South Central and New England divi- sions and lowest for males in the Mountain and Pacific divisions and for females in the West North Central and Mountain divisions. The proportion divorced is highest for both sexes in the Mountain and Pacific divisions and lowest for both sexes in the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE TOTAL POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. PER CENT I \ SINGLE MARRIED WIDOWED OR DIVORCED Color or race, nativity, and parentage classes, by divi- sions. — Table 30 shows for 1910, by geographic divi- sions, the percentage of the male and female population 15 years of age and over in the color or race, nativity, and parentage classes who were married, widow’ed, or divorced, and also the percentage who were married. For each class of the population except the native whites of native parentage the percentage married, widowed, or divorced among the males was higher in the East South Central division than in any other. For the native whites of native parentage the New England division ranked first in this respect, with the East South Central second. For each class of popu- lation except the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the percentage was lowest in the Pacific division. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage the lowest percentage was found in New England, with the Pacific division ranking next. Among females the percentage married, widowed, or divorced was highest in the divisions west of the Mississippi River, for the native whites of native parentage, in the West South Central division; for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, in the Mountain division; for the foreign-born whites, in the West North Central division; and for the negroes, in the Mountain division. On the other hand, the proportion of females married, widowed, or divorced was lowest in New England for every class except the native whites of native parentage, for whom the proportion was lowest in the Middle Atlantic division. New England ranking next in this respect. 154 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Table 30 DIVISION AND SEX. United States: Male Female New England: Male Female Middle Atlantic: Male Female East North Central: Male Female West North Central: Male Female South Atlantic: Male Female East South Central: Male Female West South Central: Male Female Mountain: Male Female Pacific: Male Female FER cent of persons 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Native white. All classes. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. white. Negro. Married, Married, widowed, or divorced. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married, widowed, or divorced. Married. Married. Married. Married. widowed, or divorced. Married. 60.8 65.8 61.4 56.3 49.5 46.3 67.8 62.1 64.0 17.2 70.0 58.9 69.8 59.4 58.1 51.1 81.6 66.5 73.1 57.2 61.2 55.5 65.0 57.7 42.9 39.8 68.2 62.7 58.2 51.7 65.7 53.6 68.2 53.1 48.0 42.0 74.9 62.1 67.7 50.0 60.7 56.1 60.9 55.8 48.7 45.4 67.8 63.2 60.4 54. 5 67.3 56. 1 66. 1 65.2 55.5 47.6 78.3 64.7 69.0 53.3 62.1 57.0 61.9 56. 6 52.5 49.4 72.2 65.7 60.5 51.7 70.7 59.8 69.8 59.4 60-5 53.8 86.3 69.3 75.3 56.8 58.9 54.1 59.6 54.8 47.8 45.2 70.1 63.1 60.3 51.4 70.0 60.4 69.9 60.7 58.6 53.4 87.9 71.2 75.0 56.2 62.7 57.9 62.3 58.1 56.0 51.7 66.4 60.4 63.8 57.9 70.1 58.4 69.3 59.4 61.9 51.4 82.9 65.3 71.5 56.9 64.8 59.2 64.2 59.6 59.5 55.0 74.9 65.5 65.9 58.5 72.9 60.3 72.2 62.0 64.3 52.6 86.7 59.7 74.7 67.8 62.9 57.5 62.2 57.6 55.7 51.7 70.5 62.9 64.9 57.4 74.4 63.1 74.2 65.0 66.4 57.4 85.6 67.5 74.9 58.8 54.1 49.5 55.1 50.3 49.0 45.6 55.7 50.9 55.3 47.6 74.4 64.5 73.0 63.9 66.5 60.0 87.3 71.9 77.1 66.6 51.9 46.7 54. 9 49.2 45.6 41.6 54.4 48.6 52.6 45.9 72.4 60.5 72.1 60.4 62.2 54.2 84.2 67.8 76.0 56.6 Comparing the different color or race, nativity, and parentage groups within the same division, it appears that for males the percentage married, widowed, or di- vorced was highest among the foi-eign-born whites in every division excepting the Pacific, where the highest proportion was among the native whites of native parentage. For females the Idghest percentage mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was, in all geographic divisions, among the foreign-born whites. This uni- formity results from the fact that the proportion of the foreign-born wliites in the eaidy age groups is com- paratively low. The percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced was lowest in every division and for both sexes among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, a fact in part attributable to the relatively large number of young pemons in this class of population. In all divisions, and for each color or race, nativity, and parentage group, the proportion of persons mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was higher for females than for males. In a majority of cases the proportion of married persons alone was also higher among females than among males. Generally speaking, the differences between the geogra])hic divisions as respects marital condition are largely explained by differences in the composition of the population in regard to sex, age, race, nativity, and parentage. The foregoing table shows, however, for each race, nativity, and ])arentage class a{)'[)re- ciable differences among the divisions. These in turn are largely explained either by variations m the age and sex distribution of the population or by varying habits with respect to the age of marriage. These factors are in part exhibited in Table 31, page 156, which shows for each division the percentage of mar- ried , widowed, or divorced persons combined in the prin- cipal classes of the population, by sex and age groups. The absolute numbers on which the percentages in Table 31 are based appear in Table 32, which also gives further details. The degree of prevalence of early marriages in the case of males is fairly well indicated by the percent- age married, widowed, or divorced in the age group 20 to 24 years. For native white males of native parentage the percentage in 1910 was, conspicuously high in the tlu'oe southern divisions, and lowest in the Pacific, New England, and Mountain divisions, in the order named. In the South the percentage of negro males in the same age group who were mar- ried, widowed, or divorced was much higher than the percentage of native whites of native pareiitage. In other sections of the country, where the negroes are less numerous, there was no such marked dif- ference. The proportions for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage and for foreign-born whites were fairly uniform throughout the country, except that in the West Soidh Gcntral division, where much of the foreign stock is of Mexican rather than Euro])ean origin, they were considerably higher than elsewhere. MARITAL CONDITION. 155 For fomalos the proportion married, widowed, or divorced in the a"e group 15 to 19 is more signifi- cant as to ])revalence of early n\arriago. Among the native whites of native ])arentage this proportion was greater in the three southern divisions than else- where. In two of these divisions, the East South Central and the West South Central, the proportion was also higher in the age grou]) 20 to 24 years, but the proportion for this group in the South Atlantic division was e>cceeded by' that in the Mountain divi- sion. Among the negro women early' marriages ai’e more frequent in the South than in the remainder of the country. For the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage there were high ])ercentages of mar- ried persons among females from 15 to 24 y'eai's of age in the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions. Among the foreign-born whites the percent- ages were high in the South, where, however, this class forms an inconsiderable element in the aggregate population. Table 32, pages 156 to 159, presents detailed statis- tics of marital condition by geographic divisions. States. — Table 33, pages 160 to 162, shows the dis- tribution, according to marital condition, of the males and females 15 years of age and over in each of the principal classes of population, by states. URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES. Table 34, page 163, shows the marital condition of males and females by age groups for the principal race, nativity, and parentage classes, distinguishing be- tween urban and rural communities. For the population 15y'ears of age and over, both for males and females, the proportion of single persons is greater, and, conversely, the proportion of those who are or have been married is less, in the urban than in the rural population. For both males and females, a smaller percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced, is found in urban communities in each of the age periods s[)Oci(icd in the table, the difference being ])articularly great in the younger age periods. The native classes of the p()[)ulati()n, the. wliites both of native and of foreign or mixed parentage and the negroes, show, like the population at large, a smaller percentage of persons married, widowed, or divorced in urban than in rural communities, not only for the entire population 15 years of age and over, but also for each of the age groups given in the table. For tlie foreign-born white females also, the propor- tion married, widowed, or divorced is smaller in towns and cities than in the rural districts. The foreign-born white males 15 years and over form an exception to all other classes in having among those who live in cities a smaller percentage of single persons, and, con- versely, a larger percentage of married, widowed, or divorced, than among those living in rural districts. With the exception of the age grouj) 15 to 19 years, which, of course, comprises comparatively few married persons, the percentage of foreign-born males married, widowed, or divorced was larger in each age group of the urban population than in the corresponding group of the rural population. These differences with reference to the urban and the rural population constitute one of the important factors in determining the differences already noted with respect to marital condition among the different geographic divisions and states. PRINCIPAL CITIES. The concluding tables on marital condition relate to the cities of the United States. In Table 35, page 164, information is given concerning the marital con- dition of both males and females, classified by color or race, nativity', and parentage, in cities ha\'ing 250,000 inhabitants or more. Table 36, pages 165 to 167, gives similar information, without distinction of color or race, nativity', and parentage, for cities having from 25,000 to 2.50,000 inhabitants. 150 AllSTHACT OF THE CENSUS- POPULATION. PER CENT MARRIED, WIDOWED, OR DIVORCED IN THE POPULATION, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS; 1910. Table ;t I PER CENT MARRIED, WIDOWED, OR DIVORCED. DIVISION AND CLA.SS OF POPULATION. United States: Native white Native parentage Native white Foreign or mised parentage Foreign-born white Negro New England: Native white— Native parentage Native white - Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-horn wliite Negro Middle Atlantic: Native white— Native parentage Native wliite -Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro East North Central: Native white -Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro West North Central: Native white- Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro South Atlantic: Native wliite— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born wliite Negro East South Central: Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mi.xed parentage Foreign-born white Negro West South Central; Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign- bom white Negro Mountain: Native white— Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-liorn white Negro PAaFic: Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bora white Negro Males 15 years of age and over. Female 15 years of age and over. 15 to 19 •20 to 24 26 to 34 35 to 44 45 years 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 years years. years. years. years. and over. years. years. years. years. and over. 1.4 27. 0 68.5 85.3 91.7 12.8 63.2 80.4 89.2 91.9 ((.3 15. 4 55, 9 77. 2 8G. 3 5. 1 36.9 69.2 82.1 88.0 0. 8 19. 2 60.3 82. 5 90. 0 13.2 54. 9 81. 9 91.4 915 2.3 39. 6 74 5 87.5 94 0 18. 1 64. 8 85.3 92.8 95.5 0.8 20.9 63.1 82.4 89.9 6.6 38.4 69.8 81.9 86.8 0.4 14.5 49.8 72.3 83.2 3.0 28.0 57.2 72.5 81.0 1.0 21.9 64. 1 85.3 92.2 9.9 46.6 75.0 87.5 91.4 1.3 21.7 55.1 75.9 86.6 8.9 42.9 72.1 83.3 88.7 0.9 23.8 66.1 83.6 90.6 6.9 42.8 74.1 84.8 89.0 0.3 15.0 54.5 76.0 8.5.8 4.5 33.0 64.4 78.7 86.4 0.7 21.4 65,4 86. 1 91.8 12.1 54.1 82.0 91.1 93.3 1.0 27.0 62.0 78.0 86.4 10.2 48.9 74.5 86.6 90.8 0.9 26.1 69.6 85.9 92.1 10.0 50.7 80.3 89.5 93.2 0.3 16 3 59.4 80.2 88.5 4.8 38.1 71.8 84.0 89.6 0.7 18.8 62.8 84.8 92.0 15.1 59.7 85.1 93.2 96.0 1.4 25.9 59.9 77.0 87.2 14.7 57.2 81.9 91.7 95.5 0.9 24.4 66.9 85.0 92.4 11.6 52.6 82.0 91.6 96.6 0.2 13.9 56.4 78.8 88.1 5.0 38.6 73.3 86.6 92.2 0.7 14.1 53.0 78.8 90.2 13.3 56.5 84.0 93.4 96.6 1.3 26.7 60.3 78.5 89.8 15.5 57.9 82.8 92.3 96.0 1.8 30.0 71.7 88.0 9.3.1 15.3 55.7 80.7 88.7 89.8 0.5 16.1 56.0 76.6 86.6 5.9 37.4 66.0 78.9 84.8 1.1 19.4 60.2 83.0 89.3 18.4 62.1 85.1 90.8 92.4 2.4 40.2 76.5 89.2 94.7 17.0 63.6 84.8 92.3 95.0 2.7 35.4 75.8 89.8 94.1 19.4 61.5 84.2 91.2 92.8 0.7 16.2 56.9 77.2 87.4 6.1 34.9 66.3 78.9 86.1 0.9 18.7 59.9 83.0 89.9 21.3 63.3 83. 4 89.4 93.5 2.5 43.6 78.6 90.5 9.5.6 20.0 68.4 87.5 93.9 96.3 1.9 32.6 74.3 89.3 94.0 20.1 66.3 88.7 95.0 96.4 0.7 23.0 64.0 82.1 88.2 11.3 52.0 79.5 88.6 91.7 1.8 25.0 62.1 81.9 88.9 25.3 68.6 87.3 93.7 95.7 2.1 41.3 77.4 89.8 95.3 20.3 69.0 88.7 95.2 97.1 0.8 21.3 58.6 77.7 85.8 14.0 60.8 85.7 93.6 96.3 0.5 17.3 55. 6 75.0 80.1 9.3 51.2 82.1 91.9 919 1.2 13.1 45.0 70.4 80.0 21.7 65.8 87.3 94.1 96.5 1.7 21.7 50.9 70.0 78.3 20.1 62.6 80.8 91.8 910 0.5 17.9 53.9 74.3 85.0 10.6 52.6 80.4 90.5 919 0.3 13.5 48.7 69.5 78.6 7.0 42.7 73.7 86.0 92.0 1.0 11.2 39.2 65.7 77.7 17.6 57.1 80.6 90.8 917 1.1 19.1 47.0 67.7 78.3 13.0 57.1 82.0 91.1 94.5 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 32 MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. DmSION, CLASS OF POPULATION, AND AGE PERIOD. Total.’ Single. Married. Widowed. Di- Total . 1 Single. Married. Widowed. Di- Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. vorced . Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. vorced. UNITED STATES All classes; 15 years of age and over: 2 1910 32, 425, 805 12,550,129 38.7 18. 092. 600 55.8 1,471,390 4.5 156, 162 • 30. 047, 325 8.933,170 29.7 17, 684, 687 58.9 3, 176, 228 10.6 185, 068 1900 25,620,399 10, 297, 940 40.2 13,955,650 54.5 1, 177,976 4.6 84,2.30 24, 249, 191 7,560,530 31.2 13, 810, 0.57 57. 0 2, 717, 715 11.2 114,647 1910 15 to 19 years 4,527,282 4,448,067 98.3 51,877 1.1 1,110 (’) 347 4,636,321 3,985,764 87.9 513,239 11.3 10,261 0.2 3,659 20 to 24 years 4,580,200 3,4.32,161 74.9 1,100,093 24.0 18,815 0.4 6,732 4, 476, 694 2,163,683 1,516,726 48.3 2,225,362 49.7 55,3.54 1.2 20,370 25 to 34 years 7,901, 116 2,767,957 35.0 4, 964, 70S 62.8 110,431 1.4 .34,, 571 7,251,072 20.9 5,443,894 75.1 224,327 3.1 57,262 35 to 44 years 6, 153,. 360 1,026,502 16.7 4,873,1.53 79.2 198, 701 3.2 42, 688 5,504.321 628, 516 11.4 4,410,310 80. 1 411,896 7. 5 49,269 45 years and over 9,149,308 846,023 9.2 7,075,398 77.3 1,137,700 12.4 71,252 8,224,305 623,787 7.6 5,070,832 61.7 2,46,5,396 30.0 54,0.37 Native white — Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 16,233,095 6,185,324 38. 1 9,144,099 56.3 728,883 4.5 87,45(i 3,941 15,523,900 4,644,122 29.9 9,219,385 59.4 1,523,560 9.8 100,053 15 to 24 years 4,885,442 4,195,858 85.9 652,118 13.3 9,398 0.2 4,886,535 3,294,390 67.4 I,5:i5, 185 31.4 26, 245 0.5 12,853 25 to 44 years 6,642,210 1,. 596, 943 24.0 4,843,893 72.9 14,3,907 2.2 42,695 6,304,2:11 997,649 15.8 4,986, 102 79. 1 258, 103 4. 1 55, 935 45 years and over 4,636,674 376, 443 8.1 3, (>.36,050 78.4 573,373 12.4 40,479 4,:i04,394 343,944 8.0 2,687,885 62.4 1,235,914 28.'7 31,053 Native white — For. or mixed par.: :382,318 30,206 15 years and over 2 5,785,137 2,906,042 50.2 2,677,706 46.3 160,779 2.8 24,688 5,887,131 2,4.5:1,017 41.7 3,008,623 51. 1 6. 6 15 to 24 years 2,008,982 1,854,979 92.3 142,172 7.1 1 , 479 0. 1 709 2,009,701 1,650,2.58 79.7 403,072 19.5 4,772 0.2 2,907 25 to 44 years 2,.565,6:t4 884,388 34.5 1,610,693 6:i.o 46, 629 1.8 13,698 2.644,475 661,207 25. 0 1,8.53,. 56 1 70.1 107,642 269,3.50 4. 1 19,i;h 45 years and over 1,204,884 164,132 13.6 916,985 76.1 11 2, .3,51 9.3 10,175 1,168,088 139, 409 11.9 750,339 64.2 23.1 8,127 Foreign-bom white: 800,112 14.7 20,542 15 years and over 2 7,1:19,893 2,208,916 31.8 4, 432, 135 62. 1 .384,726 5.4 23,059 5,446,306 994 no 18.3 3,624,003 00. 5 15 to 24 years 1,175,674 1.008,153 8.5. 8 1,59,073 13.5 1 , .309 0. 1 376 928, -lOS 660,019 59. 2 ,371,065 40.0 3,476 0.4 950 25 to 44 years 3,442,770 1,008.8.33 29.3 2,:i61.87.3 68.6 .52, 1.39 1.5 8, .5:14 2 , 437 , 209 330, 174 13.6 1,990,572 81.7 104,230 4.3 10, 490 45 years and over 2,501,74.3 245,630 9.8 1,906,677 76.2 3,30, 489 1 . 3.2 14,081 2,074 124 112,152 6.4 1,269,669 00.7 690,971 33. 3 9,067 Negro: 4.59,831 14.8 33,286 15 years and over 2 3,0.59,.312 1,083,472 35.4 1,749,228 .57. 2 189,970 6.2 20,146 3 , 10 : 1,344 823,996 639,911 26.6 1,775,949 67.2 15 to 24 years 9:>o. 102 780, 147 78.8 19,3, 174 19. 5 7,. 576 0.8 1,91.3 1,101,109 68. 1 417,860 37.9 :io, 705 2.8 7,081 26 to 44 years 1 ,. 304, 098 2.56,. 399 19.7 967,0.50 74.2 04,40.5 ■1.9 11,866 1,334,080 654, 191 153,787 11.5 993,616 74.5 164, 192 12.3 20,496 45 years and over 748,036 42,946 5.7 580,382 77.6 116,700 1 . 5.0 6, 253 27,720 4.2 3.58,227 54. 8 261,302 39.9 6,519 * Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported ’ 'I’otals include persons of unknown age. ’ Le.ss than one-tenth of 1 por cent. MARITAL (X)NDrnON 157 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE DIV'ISIONS: 1910 — Continued. UNITED STATES AND Table 32 — Continued. MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER DIVISION, CLASS OF POPULATION, AND AGE PERIOD. Single Married. Widowed. Single. Married. Widowed . Di- vorced. Total.' Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Di- vorced. Total.' Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. NEW ENGLAND. All classes; 15 years of age and over: = 1910 2,369,362 915,725 38.6 1,314, 860 55.5 121,997 6.1 12, 183 2, 401,996 821,842 34.2 1,286,344 53.6 277, 076 11.5 14,151 1900 1, 995, 422 782, 466 39.2 1,088,535 54.6 106, 199 5.3 8, 105 2,063, 373 715,054 34.7 1,078,704 52.3 254,692 12.3 10,586 1910 287, 518 15 to 19 years 290, 134 99.1 1,962 0.7 21 m 7 293,653 275,367 93.8 17,538 6.0 127 p) 77 20 to 24 years 302,989 243,668 80.4 57,954 19.1 532 0.2 226, 311,790 192,659 61.8 116,827 37.5 1,254 0.4 638 25 to 34 years 556,690 219,958 39.5 328,640 59.0 5, 443 13,769 1.0 1,929, 553,639 173, 594 31.4 365,422 66.0 10,679 1.9 3,586 35 to 44 years 478, 218 88, 554 18.5 371,955 77.8 2.9 3,518 468,689 84,494 18.0 350,306 74.7 29,458 6,3 4, 192 45 years and over 736, 598 74,427 10.1 553,088 75.1 101,970 13.8 6,464 771,104 94,712 12.3 435, 183 56.4 235,052 30.5 5,634 Native white— Native parentage; 15 years and over « 939,775 326,362 34.7 542, 400 57.7 60,620 6.5 8,195 973, 103 308,688 31.7 516,794 53.1 137,162 14.1 9,254 15 to 24 years 213,686 190,951 89.4 22,015 10.3 193 0.1 116 217,171 168,410 77.5 47,509 21.9 555 0.3 408 25 to 44 years 354,033 97,762 27.6 245,710 69.4 6,789 1.9 3,363 359,789 88,163 24.5 2.53,865 70.6 12,790 3.6 4,728 45 years and over 369,600 36,986 10.0 274,083 74.2 53,499 14.5 4,685 394,409 51,631 13.1 214,843 54.5 123,568 31.3 4,102 Native white — For. or mi.xed par.; 15 years and over 2 527,729 300,687 57.0 210, 162 39.8 14,302 2.7 1,911 572,353 296,745 51.8 240,421 42.0 32,321 5.6 2,215 15 to 24 years 208, 141 194, 592 93.5 12,970 6.2 146 0.1 70 217,997 186,448 85.5 :J0,651 14.1 321 0.1 175 25 to 44 years 224,046 90,008 40.2 128, 285 57.3 4,4.34 2.0 1,127 251,192 90,631 36.1 149,465 59.5 9,489 3.8 1,429 45 years and over 95,154 15,893 16.7 68,782 72.3 9,702 10.2 711 102,782 19,462 18.9 60,194 58.6 22,467 21.9 610 Foreign-bom white; 15 years and over 2 872, 557 276, 206 31.7 547,326 62.7 45,501 5.2 1,890 830,506 208,082 25.1 516,068 62.1 103, 234 12.4 2,436 15 to 24 years 165, 036 140,202 85.0 24, 149 14.6 199 0.1 41 163,844 108,542 66.2 54,469 33.2 461 0.3 121 25 to 44 years 441,368 114,887 26.0 317,591 72.0 7 , 5:14 1.7 846 398, 450 76,349 19.2 304,008 76.3 16,451 4.1 1,468 45 years and over 264,364 20, 403 7.7 205,063 77.6 37,670 14.2 998 267,285 22,882 8.6 157,234 58.8 86,123 32.2 845 Negro; 15 years and over 2 24,955 10,345 41.5 12,893 51.7 1,454 5.8 177 25,274 8,121 32.1 12,641 50.0 4,235 16.8 236 15 to 24 years 5,588 4,839 86.6 716 12.8 14 0.3 6 6,229 4,495 72.2 1,665 26.7 44 0.7 11 25 to 44 years 13,076 4,658 35.6 7,862 60.1 423 3.2 105 12,604 2,897 23.0 8,176 64.9 1,376 10.9 147 45 years and over 6,209 831 13.4 4,297 69.2 1,012 16.3 66 6,366 710 11.2 ■ 2,779 43.7 2,796 43.9 70 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. All classes; 15 years of age and over; 2 1910 6, 997, 597 2, 730, 208 39.0 3, 925, 523 56.1 303, 384 4.3 16, 126 6, 722, 832 2,189,495 32.6 3, 774, 008 56.1 727, 120 10. i 20,715 1900 5,383,757 2, 134, 743 39.7 2,976,891 55.3 246,918 4.6 8, 778 5,341,426 1,781,079 33.3 2,923,463 54. 7 617,470 11.6 12, 124 1910 15 to 19 years 889,098 879, 687 98.9 5,713 0.6 103 C) 19 912,371 844, 617 92.6 63,222 6.9 • 527 0.1 161 20 to 24 years 971,668 765,016 78.7 200,804 20.7 1,889 0.2 452 968,239 543, 415 56. 1 415,926 43.0 5, 227 0.5 1,423 25 to 34 years 1,783,214 650, 760 36.5 1, 107, 740 62.1 17,830 1.0 3,397 1,633,600 417,214 25.5 1.169,021 71.6 39.212 2.4 6, 471 35 to 44 years 1,416, 225 243,190 17.2 1,126,557 79.5 39, 604 2.8 4,998 1,293, 162 188, 014 14.5 1,003,471 77.6 94 , 486 7.3 6,325 45 years and over 1,921,020 187,230 9.7 1,480,867 77.1 243, 317 12.7 7,225 1, 907, 201 193,317 10.1 1,119,571 58.7 586, 468 30.8 6,295 Native white— Native parentage; 15 years and over 2 2,816,680 1,088,318 38.6 1,572,510 55.8 134, 736 4.8 9,362 2, 886, 910 972. 157 33.7 1,592,567 55.2 304,844 10.6 11,846 15 to 24 years 805, 528 707,232 87.8 94,070 11.7 995 0.1 287 833,425 626,956 75.2 200, 263 24.0 2,591 0.3 954 25 to 44 years 1,155,924 301,0.50 26.0 825,619 71.4 22. 608 2.0 4,751 1,169,096 247, 303 21.2 867, 670 74.2 45,929 3.0 7,089 45 years and over 845,439 78. 059 9.2 651,159 77.0 110,812 13.1 4,302 879,971 96, 414 11.0 523,214 59.5 255,807 29.1 3,778 Native white— For. or mixed par.: 15 years and over 2 1,532,347 782, 060 51.0 696, 403 45 . 4 47,402 3.1 3,208 1,643,681 728,921 44.3 781,971 47.6 125, 463 7.6 4,279 15 to 24 years 536, 977 499, 128 93.0 35, 445 6.6 400 0.1 85 568, 190 468, 161 82.4 96,503 17.0 1,218 0.2 327 25 to 44 years 664, 830 235.947 35.5 412, 336 62.0 13,823 2. 1 1,817 721.795 208, 746 28.9 474, 491 65. 7 35,008 4.9 2,792 45 years and over 329,305 46,350 14.1 248,256 75.4 33, 100 10.1 1,299 352, 460 51.339 14.6 210, 667 59.8 89, 092 25.3 1,157 Foreign-bom white; 15 years and over * 2,479,58.5 790, 763 31.9 1,566,941 63.2 112, 244 4.5 3,029 2,024,511 436, 661 21.6 1,310,116 64.7 271.452 13.4 3,773 15 to 24 years 479, 794 406.204 84.7 71,044 14.8 478 0.1 77 432, 781 262, 246 60.6 167, 666 38.7 1,371 0.3 214 25 to 44 years 1,285, 111 325,981 25.4 937, 541 73.0 17, 758 1.4 1,506 948, 406 131,208 13.8 771, 53£ 81.4 42,757 4.5 2,339 45 years and over 710, 084 57, 086 8.0 556,861 78.4 93, 818 13.2 1,441 641,317 42,588 6.6 370, 097 57. 7 226,904 35.4 1,212 Negro; 8,673 15 years and over 2 156, 872 61,537 39.2 85,520 54.5 5.5 500 165, 026 50, 736 30.7 87, 98£ 53.3 25,087 15.2 787 15 to 24 years 36,243 30,081 83.0 5,818 16. 1 119 o.a 20 45,127 29,831 66.1 14,487 32. 1 567 1.5 83 25 to 44 years 86,991 26, 875 30.9 56.431 64.9 3,172 3.6 305 86, 478 17.821 20.6 58,025 67.1 9,947 11.5 567 45 years and over 32,951 4,389 13.3 22,977 69.7 5,335 16.2 174 32,837 2.950 9.0 15,229 46.4 14, 456 44.0 134 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. All classes ; 15 years of age and over; 2 1910 6, 668, 590 2, 497, 535 37.5 3, 798, 08: 57. ( 301,398 4.6 40, 821 6, 193, 600 1,803,210 29.1 3, 704, 975 59. { 626,340 10.1 45,829 1900 5, 554,055 2, 161, 491 38.! 3,098, 14b 55.8 251,502 4.5 24, 176 5,234,969 1,578,258 30. 1 .3,073,297 58.7 545, 894 10.4 30,007 1910 15 to 19 years 885,074 874,527 98.8 6, 152 0.7 110 C) 49 875,379 796, 88£ 91.0 73.401 8.4 729 0.1 499 20 to 24 years 900, 151 698,922 77. (] 193,911 21,5 2,089 0.2 1,346 868,608 449,307 51.7 407,622 46. 9 5,47C 0.6 4,033 25 to 34 years 1,572,799 546,41! 34.7 996,48' 6:1.- 17,379 1. 1 8, 659 1,447,901 306,684 21.2 1,095,215 75. 6 30, 952 2.1 13,392 35 to 44 years 1,268,055 202, 257 16. C 1,017, 24( 80.2 35,40b 2.8 10,921 1,147,809 128, 434 11.2 938, 486 81. 8 67, 481 5.! 12, 490 45 years and over 2, 020, 781 170. 05(j 8.4 1,580,236 78.2 245,598 12.2 19, 679 1,845,141 119,408 0.5 1, 187, 095 64.3 520,507 28.2 15,333 Native white— Native parentage; 15 years and over 2 3 , 212 , 53 c 1, 204, 359 37.5 1,817,346 56. ( 146. 687 4.6 23,995 3,118,327 934, 78C 30. C 1,851,319 59.4 297.411 9.5 27,031 15 to 24 years 960, 20f 832, 165 86,7 121,388 12. f 1.42b 0.1 968 966, 039 677,297 70.1 278, 63i 28.8 3,734 0.4 3,088 25 to 44 years 1,285,396 296. 970 23. 947, 266 73.7 26, 695 2.1 11,652 1.247,851 196, 25C 15.7 991,09'! 79.4 44,118 3.5 15,111 45 years and over 951,003 71,951 7.0 746,306 78.5 118, 077 12.' 11,266 898, 769 59,663 6.6 579,691 64.5 248, 92 c 27.7 8,775 Native white— For. or mixed par.; 15 years and over 2 1,657,472 783, 41C 47.: 818,350 49.4 43,608 2.6 8,092 1,706,955 670, 789 39.3 919,008 53. f 103,320 6.1 10,511 15 to 24 years 559,025 513, 78C 91. 42,25: 7.6 376 0.1 238 579, 891 4.59, 06C 79.2 116, 608 20.1 1,176 0.2 916 25 to 44 years 734,050 227,631 31.0 488,947 66.6 11,942 1.6 4,418 769, 113 174.313 22.7 560, 260 72. f 27,250 3.5 6,479 45 years and over Foreign-bom white: 362,99' 41,387 11.4 286, 658 79.0 31, 199 8.6 3.415 356, 708 36, 878 10.3 241, 667 67.7 74, 782 21.0 3 , 104 1,666, 71! 235, 499 457,805 27.5 1 , 09 . 75£ 32, 167 65.7 101, 61( 6.1 6,898 1,253,777 169,764 13.5 869, 287 69." 206, 624 649 16.5 6,338 251 15 to 24 years 201,670 85.0 13.7 245 0.1 106 167, 023 90. 641 54.3 74,984 44.'. 0.*4 25 to 44 years 756,544 202,659 26.0 538,415 71.2 11,163 1.5 2,387 524, 153 57, 114 10.9 443,032 84.5 20,574 3.9 3,024 45 years and over Negro: 671,221 52,244 7.0 523,310 78.0 90,025 13.4 4,382 561,308 21,691 3.9 350, 731 62.5 185,.086 33.0 3,055 122, 237 28, 271 47. 40 38.1 63,243 4,070 51.7 8,95( 7.: 1,767 109, 124 29,414 26,57! 24.3 62, 02 c 56. J 18,294 624 16. J 1,881 271 IS to 24 years 23,815 84.5 14.4 149 0.5 75 18.120 61.6 10,282 35.0 2. 1 25 to 44 years 60,527 19,401 32.1 36,963 61. 2,854 4.7 1,098 52,580 7,250 13.8 37,654 71.6 6,371 12.1 1,225 381 45 years and over 32. 549 3,960 12.5 21.897 67.3 5,801 18.1 580 26.589 1,136 4.3 13,851 52. 1 11.165 42.0 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Totals include persons of unknown age. 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 158 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS; 1910 — Continued. 'I'alrlo Continued. MALKS 15 YEAIl.S OK AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. DIVISION, CLASS OK POPUIaATION, AND AGK IMCRIOD. Total.i Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.: Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. WEST NORTH CENTH.A.L. All classes: 15 years of age and over: ^ 2. 279,407 1910 4,214. 656 1,706,656 40. 5 64. 1 179, 162 4.3 22,938 3,711,981 1, 100, 837 29.7 2,241,834 60.4 332.341 9.0 24,707 1900 3, .550, 391 1,486,138 41.8 1 , 893, 845 53.3 150,608 4.2 12.947 3,130,469 949, 498 30.3 1, 879, 354 GO.O 281, 159 9.0 15,903 1010 15 to 19 years 599, 264 589,. 591 98.4 4,038 0.7 90 C) 37 585,329 525,550 89.8 53,868 9.2 587 0.1 373 20 to 24 years cm, 7 39 994,988 480,054 79.5 117,330 19.4 1,374 0. 2 770 559,418 286,879 51.3 264,110 47.2 3,753 0.7 2,465 25 to 34 years 383,627 38.6 592,008 59.5 11,106 1.1 4,671 880,989 178, l‘J0 20.2 675,378 76.7 18,764 2.1 7,179 35 to 44 years 708, 184 138,841 18.1 599,587 78.1 22,010 2.9 6,133 658,907 61,598 9.3 553,582 84.0 36,784 5.6 6,423 45 years and over 1,2:10,565 109,823 8.9 903,428 78.3 143,979 11.7 11,240 1,020,291 46,857 4.6 692,497 67.9 271,581 26.6 8,213 Native white — Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 2,125,364 844,335 39.7 1,164,161 54.8 88, 198 4.1 13,460 1,950,292 580, 402 29.8 1,183,403 60.7 164,973 8.5 14,835 15 to 24 years 667,865 581,877 87. 1 79,682 11.9 996 0.1 547 654, 451 447,625 68.4 198, 534 30.3 2,735 0.4 1,977 25 to 44 years 854,655 215,561 25.2 612,922 71.7 17,468 69,406 2.0 6,587 783, 425 109,128 13.9 637,819 81.4 27,390 3.5 8,146 45 years and over 590,374 43,979 7.4 469,724 79.6 11.8 6,266 507,620 22,464 4.4 345,518 68.1 134,425 26.5 4,678 Native white — For. or mixed par.: 15 years and over 2 1,064,797 551,045 51.8 481,792 45.2 22,912 2.2 4,128 1,024,390 420,277 41.0 547,314 53.4 47,833 4.7 5,114 15 to 24 years 395,312 365,377 92. 4 26 259 6.6 210 0.1 138 , 395, 274 309,411 78.3 81,817 20.7 712 0.2 498 25 to 44 years 477,217 162, 470 34.0 304, 268 63.8 7,150 1.5 2,228 461,897 97,661 21.1 346,095 74.9 14,219 3.1 3,192 45 years and over 190,962 22,598 11.8 150,897 79.0 15,494 8.1 1,755 166,352 12,886 7.7 119,080 71.6 32,827 19.7 1,419- Foreign-born white: 15 years and over 4 912,638 267,574 29.3 575, 487 63.1 59,984 6.6 3,935 637,826 76,027 11.9 454,262 71.2 103,061 16.2 3,171 15 to 24 years 111,052 98,067 88.3 11.485 10.3 98 0.1 38 66,459 37,662 56.7 27,878 41.9 256 0.4 116 25 to 44 years 378,905 128, 192 33.8 241,912 63.8 5,836 1.5 1,150 250,113 27,534 11.0 212, 467 84.9 8,631 3.5 1,222 45 years and over 419,420 40,405 9.6 321,577 76.7 53,916 12.9 2,734 320, 497 10,670 3.3 213,604 66.6 94,001 29.3 1,827 Negro: 15 vears and over 2 96,646 37,701 39.0 49,704 51.4 7,287 7.5 1,300 86,714 21,322 24.6 48,697 56.2 14,920 17.2 1,441 15 to 24 years 24,327 20,467 84.1 3,455 14.2 146 0.6 77 24,850 15,245 61.3 8,629 34.7 613 2.5 226 25 to 44 years 46,312 14,556 31.4 28,423 61.4 2,440 5.3 761 39,916 5,203 13.0 28,592 71.6 6,100 12.8 959 45 years and over 25, 179 2,499 9.9 17,537 69.6 4,621 18.4 455 21,371 800 3.7 11,256 62.7 9,017 42.2 247 SOUTH ATLANTIC. All classes: 15 years of age and over; 4 1910 3,821,777 1,408.947 38.9 2, 211,053 57.9 174, 957 4.6 10, 579 3, 794, 991 1, 122, 814 29.6 2, 216, 806 58.4 429, 174 11.3 16,02t 1900 3, 165, 702 1, 256, 02c 39.7 1,749,894 55.3 1:39, 982 4.4 5,913 3,202,666 1.041,220 :i2.5 1, 757, 898 54.9 385,958 12.1 11,078 1910 15 to 19 years 635,530 618,898 97.4 12,188 1.9 261 C) 60 654,262 548,359 83.8 99,382 15.2 2,350 0.4 524 20 to 24 years 579, 468 386, 89C 66. S 184,925 31.9 3,794 0.7 737 614,057 254,652 41.5 342, 257 55.7 12,905 2.1 2,390 25 to 34 years 900.210 248,107 27.6 629,008 69.9 17,458 1.9 2,848 916, 189 166,847 18.2 699,902 76.4 42,646 4. 7 5,350 35 to 44 years 676,420 82,931 12.3 563, 066 83.2 26, 135 3.9 2,852 649,376 67,890 10.5 511,436 78.8 65,305 10.1 4,053 45 years and over 1,017,771 68,655 6.7 816,619 80.2 126,589 12.4 4,051 952,427 82,733 8.7 560,171 68.8 304, 184 31.9 3,652 Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 2, 295, 628 857, 630 37.4 1, 333, 187 58.1 91, 768 4.0 5,360 2,271,647 691, 194 30.4 1,349, 377 59.4 218, 161 9.6 7,621 15 to 24 years 728, 274 615, 179 84.5 107, 743 14.8 1,539 0.2 378 741,740 482, 258 65.0 251,029 33.8 4,514 0.6 1,285 25 to 44 years 937,998 198,615 21.2 715,217 76.2 19,625 2.1 2,815 926, 460 147,494 15.9 732,134 79.0 41,419 4.5 4,256 45 years and over 624,295 42,210 6.8 508, 634 81.5 70,356 11.3 2,152 600rl89 60,376 10.1 364,948 60.8 171,758 28.6 2,066 Native white — For. or mixed par.: 15 years and over 2 145,427 63,513 43.7 75,131 51.7 5,804 4.0 539 151.502 57, 276 32', 013 37.8 77,892 51.4 15,245 10.1 716 15 to 24 vears 39,818 36,452 91.5 3,068 7.7 47 0. 1 18 40,629 78.8 8', 181 45, 183 20. 1 172 0.4 66 25 to 44 years 63,804 21,485 33.7 40,624 63.7 1,291 2.0 287 68,068 lS,7:i6 27.5 66. 4 3,601 6.3 446 45 years and over 41,638 5,510 13.2 31,375 75.4 4,456 10.7 232 42,606 6,430 15.1 24,472 57.4 11,448 26.9 204 Foreign-born white: 15 years and over " 163,476 54,0.50 33.1 98.714 60. 4 9,418 5.8 391 108,652 18,308 16.9 70,996 65.3 18,812 17.3 316 15 to 24 years 29.352 25, 227 85.9 3,926 13. 4 41 0.1 14 17,547 9,304 53.0 8,079 46.0 86 0.5 21 25 to 44 years 78,240 22,891 29.3 53,765 68.7 1,218 1.6 154 47,962 5,773 12.0 39,695 82.8 2,253 4.7 181 45 years and over 55, 149 5,709 10.4 40,892 74. 1 8,141 14.8 221 42,947 3, 165 7.4 23,151 53.9 16, 434 38.3 114 Negro; 7,363 15 years and over 2 1,213,070 431,943 35.6 701,837 57.9 67,831 5 . 6 4,277 1,260,627 355,312 28.2 716,955 56.9 176,716 14.0 15 to 24 years 416, 472 328,047 78.8 82, 183 19.7 2, 425 0.6 377 467, 457 278,881 5‘J.7 173,971 37.2 10,476 2.2 1,541 25 to 44 vears 494, 773 295,418 87,399 17.7 381,358 77. 1 21,427 4.3 2,440 522,126 62,624 12.0 393,539 75.4 60,631 11.6 4,517 45 years and over 14,949 5.1 234,839 79.5 43,535 14.7 1,438 266,021 12,703 4.8 147,182 55. 3 104,358 39.2 1,267 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. All classes; 15 years of age and over: * 21, 012 1910 2, 622, 924 915, 547 34.9 1, 552. 737 59.2 133, 432 5.1 12. 796 2, 586,311 694. 210 26.8 1,659,716 60.3 305, 378 11.8 1900 2, 288, 793 882, 591 38.6 1,282, 622 56. 0 110,485 4.8 6, 611 2, 263, 258 676, 76h 2‘J.9 1,282,274 56,7 287,463 12.7 13,095 19IU 892 15 t o 19 vear.s 449, 105 435, 288 96. S 11,214 2.5 254 0.1 87 4! 5, 947 305,898 80.3 84,491 18.5 2,674 0.6 20 to 24 vear.s 391,982 243,531 62. 1 141,218 30.0 4,275 1.1 1,342 422,195 154,128 30.5 250,942 59.4 12,420 2.9 3,681 25 to :i4 years 612,192 141), 248 23.9 444,852 72.7 16,006 2. 6 3,831 629,084 95,741 15.2 490, 091 77.9 35,073 5.0 7,364 35 to 44 vear.s 452,599 47 , 92 s 10. < 380,437 84. 1 20,504 4.5 3,165 440,009 37,198 8.4 351,9.53 79.9 46,313 10.5 4,726 45 years and over 708,081 40, 206 5. 7 571,221 80.6 91,808 13.0 4,302 031,085 39, 722 6.3 379, 264 60.0 207, 382 32.8 4,257 Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 1,083,289 598,097 35. 5 1,002, 826 59. 6 72,201 4.3 5,404 1,032,8,57 450,893 27.6 1,012,471 62.0 158,100 9.7 8,227 15 to 24 years 0*16,571 447, 710 81. E 94,337 17.3 1,837 0.3 607 555, 552 335,675 60.4 211,869 38. 1 4,670 0.8 1,797 25 to 44 years 078,837 123,113 18.1 5:i5, 360 78. 9 16,647 2.5 2,752 0(14,506 85,4.38 12.9 541,817 81 . 5 32, 301) 4.9 4,318 45 years and over 4.54, 009 26, 046 5.7 371,818 81.9 S3, 501 11.8 2,077 410,104 28, 2.1 249 41,9.54 11,444 27.3 27,641 05.9 2,407 5. 7 400 45 vears and over 23, 979 3, 007 12.5 18,376 70. 6 2, .381 9.9 197 24,078 3,;i89 13.7 14,074 57. 0 6,972 28.3 207 Foreign-l)orn white: 20.7 134 15 years and over 2 48,555 12,092 24.9 31 , 792 05. 5 4,361 9. 0 201 :i4,.52fl 4,511 13.1 20,602 59. 7 9,203 15 to 21 years 5,1.58 86. (i 12.7 C) 0. 1 4 3, 272 1,096 51.8 1,533 46. 9 :«) 0.9 5 25 to 44 vear.s 18,032 5,081 28.2 12,.5'f8 69. () 318 l.S 6)3 11, ‘Ml 1,.59() 13.3 9, 708 81.3 50(') 4.7 01 45 years and over 25, 202 2, .509 9.9 18, 552 73.4 4,028 15.9 134 19,246 1,210 6.3 9,334 48. 5 8, .585 44. 6 08 Negro: 11,973 15 years and over 2 809,179 272, 322 33.7 473, 135 58. 5 .53, 596 0. 6 6,662 831,243 207, 791 25.0 480,406 57. 8 128,500 15. 5 15 to 21 years 270,317 209,278 77.4 .'55, 8L() 20.7 2, 6(il 1.0 799 2‘JM,K()i 166,545 66.7 117,875 39.4 10,286 3.4 2, 705 25 to years 329,4.50 53,425 16.2 252,59:i 7(i. 7 18,724 5. 7 3,92s 350, 951 .34,443 9.8 262,641 74. s 46,089 13. 1 7,:i09 45 years and over 205,045 8, 6.34 4.2 J G2, 2(13 79.1 31,856 15.5 1,894 177,436 6,119 3.4 ‘IS, 043 55. 3 71,010 40.0 1,882 I Total includes person.s who.sc marital condition v/as not reported. * Totals incliido persons of unknown age. ® I..ess tlian ono-tontli of 1 per cent. MAIUTAL CONDITION 159 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POrXTLATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS: 1910 — Continued. Tabic 32— Continued. MALES 15 YEARS OF AQE AND OVER. FEMALES 16 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER DIVISION, CLASS OF POPULATION, AND AGE PEKIOI). Total.' Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent Num- ber. Per cent. Total.' Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. All classes; 15 yearsotageand over; * 1910 2. 818. 469 1, 030, 122 36.6 1,620,38£ 57.5 139, lU 4.i 13, 759 2. 659, 043 647, 723 25.3 1,614,155 63.1 271. 26£ 10 . ( 18,639 1900 2, 004, 276 786, 284 39.2 1,103,620 55.1 98,847 4.£ 6,931 1,829,501 493, 720 27. C 1, 100, 267 60.1 220, 540 12.1 11,411 1910 15 to 19 years 471,669 459, onj 97. £ 8,576 1.8 225 C) 63 475,118 378,736 79.7 89,685 18. £ 2,901 O.f 796 20 to 24 years 430,918 283,027 (>5. 7 140, 00£ 32.5 4,056 0.9 1,201 434,844 146,286 33.6 272,043 62. 0 11,840 2.7 3,439 25 to 3-1 years 693,116 180,866 26.1 488, 82£ 70.5 17, 271 2.5 3,976 650,256 77, 23£ ll.£ 532,821 81. £ 32,8.50 5.1 6, .548 35 to 44 years 50.3,106 58, 022 11.5 417, 32f 82.9 23,494 4.7 3,338 436,581 23,808 5.5 865,530 83.7 42,840 9.8 4,045 45 years and over 707, 783 46,004 6.5 501,971 79.4 93,393 13.2 5,121 555,032 20,282 3.7 351,174 63.2 179,517 32.3 3, 729 Native white— Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 1,803,041 671,226 37.2 1,038,43£ 57.6 76, 89f 4.3 6,857 1,618,827 413,689 25.6 1,051,721 65.0 141,580 8.7 7,664 15 to 24 years 598,452 496, 88£ 83.0 95,018 15.9 1,949 0.3 646 591,033 341,247 57.7 239,519 40.5 5,872 1.0 1,770 25 to 44 years 761,963 146,892 19.3 588,567 77.2 21,326 2.8 3,492 681,334 59,656 8.8 583,580 85.7 33,436 4.£ 4,111 45 years and over 435,073 25,496 5.£ 353,491 81.1 53,331 12.2 2,690 343,684 12,061 3.6 227,500 00.2 101,951 29.7 1,701 Native white— For. orniixedpar.: 15 years and over 2 194,643 85,357 43. £ 100, 725 51.7 6,920 3.6 847 182,903 61,052 33.4 104,920 57.4 15,4.3£ 8.4 1,011 15 to 24 years 63,713 56,162 88.1 6,965 10. £ 120 0.2 37 64,215 44,481 69.3 18,83£ 29.3 427 0.7 174 25 to 44 years 86, 775 23,997 27.7 59,996 69.1 2,087 2.4 461 82,500 13,668 16.4 63,510 77.0 4,090 5.7 616 45 years and over Foreign-born white: 43,855 5,097 11.6 33,623 76.7 4,699 10.7 346 35,909 2,931 8.2 22,455 62.5 10,255 28.6 216 15 years and over 2 185,592 53, 71 1 28.9 116, 79£ 62.9 13,279 7.2 845 129,823 18,326 14.1 87,633 67.5 22,882 17.6 659 15 to 24 years 28,249 23,258 82.3 4,549 16.1 111 0.4 20 22, 157 10,929 49.3 10,774 48.6 266 1.2 73 25 to 44 years 78,407 21,734 27.7 54,004 68. £ 2,048 2.6 286 55,027 5,190 9.4 45,87S 83.4 3,571 6.5 316 45 years and over 78,124 8,443 10.8 57,898 74.1 11,046 14.1 538 52, 144 2,117 4.1 30,728 58.9 18,922 36. £ 267 Negro: 15 years and over 2 613,200 211,696 34.5 352,097 57.4 40,899 6.7 5,098 607,240 149,980 24.7 356,996 58.8 88,954 14.6 9,136 15 to 24 years 204,374 159,719 78.2 40,50C 19.8 2,014 1.0 544 224,898 124,2.34 55.2 89,365 39.7 7,994 3.6 2,170 25 to 44 years 260,168 44,712 17.2 196,719 75.6 14,913 5.7 3,012 259, 799 22,194 8.5 198,331 76.3 33,395 12. £ 5,465 45 years and over 145,045 6,481 4.5 113,088 78.0 23,648 16.3 1,516 119,582 3,084 2.6 67,931 56.8 46, 773 39.1 1,450 MOUNTAIN. All classes: 15 years of age and over: 2 1910 1, 062. 845 478,910 45.1 525, 887 49.5 40,654 3.8 8,158 751,794 189,582 25.2 484,847 64.6 67,481 9.C 7,377 1900 655,270 310,068 47.3 307,920 47.0 27, 166 4.1 3,842 457,435 115, 137 25.2 292,622 64.0 44,609 9.8 3,861 1910 15 to 19 years 121.587 119,613 98.4 1,030 0.8 25 (^) 21 113,653 97, 397 85.7 15,039 13.2 194 0.2 165 20 to 24 years 155,518 125, 433 80.7 28,487 18.3 375 0.2 265 114, 793 46,384 40.4 66,016 57.5 1 , 11 £ l.C 847 25 to 34 years 292, 758 133, 829 45.7 152, 860 52.2 3, 152 1. 1 1,636 200,497 29,384 14.7 163,095 81.3 5,31S 2.7 2,385 35 to 44 years 213,966 52, 798 24.7 151,473 70.8 6,696 3.1 2,256 145, 790 9,464 6.5 123,907 85.0 10, 38£ 7. 1 1,887 45 years and over 271,611 45, 551 16.8 190, 973 70.3 30,247 11.1 3, 950 174,934 6,469 3.7 115,907 66.3 50,212 28.7 2,078 Native white — Native parentage; 15 years and over 2 528, 193 231,880 43.9 265,709 50.3 21,042 4.0 4,519 403, 138 107,398 26.6 257,573 63.9 32, 645 8.1 4,075 15 to 24 years 151,490 132, 891 87.7 17, 220 11.4 233 0.2 160 134, 765 84, 243 62.5 48,560 36.0 702 0.5 576 25 to 44 years 240,906 79,690 33.1 152, 823 63.4 5,118 2. 1 2, 199 179, 661 19,697 11.0 149,895 83.4 7,413 4.1 2,409 45 years and over Native white — For. or mixed par.: 131, 509 18, 273 13.9 95,062 72.3 15,604 11.9 2, 143 87,251 3,126 3.6 58,534 67.1 24, 386 27.9 1,082 15 years and over 2 212,435 107, 427 50.6 96,937 45.6 5,657 2.7 1,605 179, 157 59, 454 33.2 107,443 60.0 10, 131 5.7 1,593 15 to 24 years 69,327 62, 716 90.5 6,078 8.8 52 0.1 59 65, 971 46, 156 70.0 18,881 28.6 281 0.4 248 25 to 44 years 101, 692 36,502 35,9 62, 184 61.1 1,871 1.8 868 86, 140 11,882 13.8 69,380 80.5 3,772 4.4 1,012 45 years and over 41,128 8, 102 19.7 28, 554 69.4 3,713 9.0 677 26,857 1,352 5.0 19,100 71.1 6,052 22.5 330 Foreign-bom white: 15 years and over 2 273,805 118,841 43.4 139,284 50.9 11,593 4.2 1,600, 139,211 17, 348 12.5 100, 126 71.9 20,389 14.6 1,076 15 to 24 years 45, 117 40,210 89. 1 4,578 10.1 52 0.1 29! 19,264 9,219 47.9 9, 745 56,934 50.6 154 0.8 38 25 to 44 years 140,580 61,274 43.6 76, 122 54.1 2,147 1.5 571 67,199 6,294 9.4 84.7 3,378 5.0 530 45 years and over 85,855 16, 886 19.7 .58,349 68.0 9, 354 10.9 991 52,492 1,777 3.4 33, 338 63.5 16, 802 32.0 506 Negro: 15 years and over 2 9,819 4,308 43.9 4,673 47.6 574 5.8 179 7,650 1,718 22.5 4,333 56. 6 1,341 17.5 224 16 to 24 years 1,849 1,571 85.0 255 13.8 7 0.4 8 1,869 1,021 54. 6 752 40.2 50 2.7 39 25 to 44 years 5,549 2, 214 39. 9 2,970 53.5 215 3.9 112 4,169 593 14.2 2,811 67.4 602 14.4 146 45 years and over 2,332 497 21.3 1,419 60.8 349 15.0 57 1,566 92 5.9 751 48.0 682 43.6 39 PACIFIC. All classes; 15 years of age and over; 2 1910 1. 849, 585 866, 579 46.9 864, 661 46.7 77, 290 4.2 18. 802 1,324, 777 363, 457 27.4 802,002 60.5 140, 049 10,6 16, 617 1900 1, 016, 733 498, 139 49.0 454,177 44.7 46, 269 4.0 6, 927 726, 094 215, 796 29.7 422, 178 68.1 79,930 11.0 6,582 1910 15 to 19 years 185,821 183, 882 99.0 1,004 0.5 21 f^) 14 170, 609 152, 951 89.7 16,613 9.7 172 0.1 163 20 to 24 years 243, 857 205, 620 84.3 35, 461 14.5 431 0.2 393 182, 750 89, 973 49.2 89, 619 49.0 1,367 0.7 1,454 25 to 34 years 495, 149 258, 149 52, 1 224, 348 45.3 4,786 1.0 3,624 338, 917 71,834 21.2 252, 949 74.6 8,8.33 2.6 4,987 35 to 44 years 376, 593 111,980 29.7 24.5,512 65.2 11,083 2.9 5,507 263,398 27,616 10.5 211,639 80.3 18,840 7.2 5,128 45 years and over 534, 498 104,011 19.5 356, 995 66.8 60, 799 11.4 9,220 305, 890 20, 287 5.5 229,970 02.9 110,493 30.2 4,846 Native white — Native parentage: 15 years and over 2 828, 595 363, 117 43.8 407,521 49.2 36, 735 4.4 10, 244 668, 799 184, 921 27.6 404, 160 60.4 68, 678 10.3 9,500 15 to 24 years 213, 368 190,964 89.5 20,645 9.7 230 0.1 232 192, 359 1.30, 679 67.9 59, 268 30.8 872 0.5 998 25 to 44 years 372, 498 137,290 36.9 220, 409 59.2 7,631 2.0 5,084 292,049 44, 520 15.2 228. 228 78.1 13,296 4.6 5,767 45 years and over 2.34, 712 33, 443 14.2 165, 770 70.6 28, 787 12.3 4, 898 1 182,337 9,222 5.1 115,926 63.6 54,339 29.8 2,713 Native white — For. or mixed par..; 15 years and over 2 369, 536 199, 994 54.1 153,806 41.6 10, 966 3.0 3, 893' 339, 195 127, 634 37.6 183,883 54.2 23,061 6.8 4,094 1 5 to 24 years 117,963 109, 659 93.0 7, 637 6.5 107 0.1 105' 117,265 88,533 75.5 27,563 23.5 360 0.3 438 25 to 44 years 175,240 73,957 42.2 95,560 54. 6 3,229 1.8 2,243, 101,816 34,221 21.1 117,536 72.6 7,200 4.4 2,768 45 years and over 75, 869 16, 188 21.3 50,464 6t).5 7,607 10.0 l,543j 59,736 4, 742 7.9 38,630 64.7 15,455 25.9 880 Foreign-born white: 15 years and over 2 536, 966 237,877 44.3 261, 033 48.6 26, 736 5.0 4.270' 287, 474 45,081 15.7 194, 913 67.8 44,455 15.5 2,639 15 to 24 years 76, 417 68, 847 90.1 6,522 8.5 79 0.1 47 36, 121 19, 780 54.8 15,937 44. 1 203 0.6 111 25 to 44 years 265, 583 12«), 134 47.5 129,978 48.9 4,117 1.6 1,571' 133,958 19, 122 14.3 107, 310 80.1 6,049 4.5 1,349 45 years and over 192, 264 41, 945 21.8 124, 166 64.6 22, 491 11.7 2,642 116,888 6,052 5.2 71,452 61.1 38, 114 32.6 1, 173 Negro: 15 years and over 2 13, 334 6,219 46.6 6, 123 45.9 706 5.3 186' 10,446 2,445 23.4 5,912 56.6 1,785 17.1 245 15 to 24 years 2,661 2,333 87.7 302 11.3 11 0.4 7| 2,464 1,539 62.5 834 33.8 61 2.1 35 25 to 44 years 7,246 3, 159 43.6 3,731 51.5 2C’ 3.3 105 5, 457 762 14.0 3,847 70.5 681 12.5 161 45 years and over 3,308 700 21.2 2, 065 62.4 453 13.7 73; 2,423 132 5.4 1,205 49.7 1,039 42.9 46 * Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 2 Totals include persons of unknown age. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 160 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY STATES: 1910. Table DIVISION, STATE, AND CLA.SS OF POPULATION. NEW ENGLAND. Maine - . Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or inuxeil par.. . Foreign-i)orn white Negro New Hampshire Native white— Native parentage Native wliite— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Vermont Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mLxed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Massachusetts Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Rhode Island Native wliile— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born wliite Negro Connecticut Native white — Native parentage Native wliite— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro MIDDLE ATLANTIC. New York Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro New Jersey Native white— Native parentage Native, white— F'oreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Pennsylvania Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Ohio Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Indiana Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Illinois Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mLxed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Michigan Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed jiar.. Foreign-boni white Negro Wisconsin Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Minnesota Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bora white Negro MALES L5 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. 1 Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total. 1 Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 274, 942 95,261 34.6 158, 941 57.8 17, 531 6.4 2.636 264,363 72,543 27.4 156, 535 59.2 32,444 12.3 2,490 184,. 106 59,313 32.2 109,418 59.4 13,063 7.1 2, 146 181,052 46, 961 25.9 107,319 59.3 24,475 13.5 2,048 36, 109 18, 674 51.7 15, 866 43.9 1,302 3.6 226 34,862 15, 108 43.3 17,062 48.9 2,442 7.0 202 53,515 16, 837 31.5 33, 174 62.0 3,086 5.8 252 47,659 10, 208 21.4 31,756 66.6 5,416 11.4 226 554 250 45.1 249 44.9 46 8.3 9 495 192 38.8 217 43.8 74 14.9 11 159, 970 57, 073 35.7 91, 064 56.9 9,820 6.1 1,598 157, 877 46,908 29.7 89, 357 56.6 19, 836 12.6 1,507 87, 153 26,584 30.5 52, 419 60. 1 6,668 7.7 1,215 88, 686 23,179 26.1 50,467 56.9 13,732 15.5 1,156 25, 223 14,017 55.6 10,240 40.6 720 2.9 182 26,582 12,948 48.7 12,021 45.2 1,382 5.2 166 47,286 16, 348 34.6 28,246 59.7 2,412 5.1 177 42,386 10, 693 25.2 26,765 63.1 4,696 11.1 183 229 95 41.5 111 48.5 18 7.9 4 211 84 39.8 97 46.0 26 12.3 1 132,793 45, 567 34.3 77,671 58.5 8,281 6.2 1,141 124, 884 32,963 26.4 76,681 60.6 15,215 12.2 990 81,917 27,295 33.3 48,153 58.8 5,539 6.8 851 79,879 21,144 26.5 47,608 59.6 10,350 13.0 748 23,832 9,914 41.6 12, 752 53.5 997 4.2 154 24, 689 8,426 34.1 14, 155 57.3 1,955 7.9 150 25,971 7,584 29.2 16,510 63.6 1,717 6.6 121 19, 988 3,308 16.5 13,713 68.6 2,880 14.4 84 1,054 765 72.6 248 23.5 27 2.6 14 320 84 26.3 199 62.2 29 9.1 8 1, 197, 828 479, 048 40.0 655, 740 54.7 56, 800 4.7 4,331 1, 259, 896 465,040 36.9 644,631 51.2 143,519 11.4 5,968 388,440 140,370 36.1 221,584 57.0 23,076 5.9 2,503 418, 954 148, 497 35.4 206,461 49.3 60, 210 14.4 3,487 298,033 174,172 58.4 115, 191 38.7 7,548 2.5 878 329,011 178, 439 54.2 131,046 39.8 18, 192 5.5 1,077 494, 256 157, 136 31.8 310, 195 62.8 25,379 5.1 859 497,089 133, 251 26.8 299,648 60.3 62,623 12.6 1,299 14,237 5,941 41.7 7,391 51.9 753 5.3 87 14,576 4,783 32.8 7,2.12 49.6 2,447 16.8 100 195,731 78, 502 40. 1 105,671 54.0 9,832 5.0 1,097 197,320 70,730 35.8 102,938 62.2 21,521 10.9 1,577 57,503 21,915 38.1 31,218 54.3 3,541 6.2 601 58,123 20,029 34.5 29,091 50.1 7,929 13.6 840 50, 088 29,371 58.6 18,940 .17.8 1,383 2.8 235 54, 197 28, 977 53.5 21,958 40.5 2,822 5.2 314 84,260 25,641 30.4 53,469 63.5 4,687 5.6 226 81,202 20,576 25.3 50,002 61.6 10,075 12.4 369 3,510 1,404 40.0 1,860 53.0 208 5.9 32 3,689 1,108 30.0 1,841 49.9 673 18.2 53 408, 098 160, 274 39.3 225,773 55.3 19,733 4.8 1,380 397,656 133,658 33.6 217, 302 54.6 44,541 11.2 1,619 140,456 50,885 36.2 79, 60S 56.7 8,733 6.2 857 146,409 48, 878 33.4 75, 848 51.8 20,466 14.0 975 94,444 54, 539 57.7 37, 173 39.4 2,352 2.5 236 103,012 52, 847 51.3 44,179 42.9 5,528 5.4 306 167,269 52, 660 31.5 105, 732 63.2 8,220 4.9 255 142, 182 30,046 21.1 94, 184 66.2 17,544 12.3 275 5,371 1,890 35.2 3,034 56.5 402 7.5 31 5,983 1,870 31.3 3,055 51.1 986 16.5 63 3,333,279 1,327,337 39.8 1,840,960 55.2 145, 844 4.4 7,436 3,291,714 1, 109, 671 33.7 1,793,558 54.5 373, 190 11.3 10,227 1,096,881 438, 734 40.0 592,718 54.0 54,712 5.0 3,784 1,121,755 387,512 34.5 597,958 53.3 129, i:i8 11.5 4,950 840, 414 4:53, 787 51.6 377,570 44.9 25,721 3.1 1,692 909,613 408, 960 45.0 426,515 46.9 70, 42C 7.7 2,347 1.336,493 428, 955 32. 1 840,237 62.9 62,605 4.7 1,775 1,201,766 294,. 196 24.5 739, 251 61.5 164, 167 13.7 2,609 51,428 21,151 41. 1 27,435 53.3 2,533 4.9 164 56,485 18,268 32.3 28,577 50.6 9,206 16.3 292 914, 768 346,544 37.9 524, 166 57.3 39, 812 4.4 1,552 884, 483 279,432 31.6 506,985 57.3 94.289 10.7 1,884 339, 326 127,941 37.7 192,993 56.9 16,:361 4.8 824 :i48,032 115,679 33.2 192, 633 55.3 37,925 10.9 1,040 205,558 106, 680 51.9 92, 299 44.9 5,779 2.8 296 220, 250 98, 627 44.8 106, 193 48.2 14, 492 6.6 401 335,718 98, 895 29.5 219,719 65.4 15, 882 4.7 343 281,245 54,789 19.5 188, 853 67.1 36,757 13.1 334 32,831 12, 228 37.2 18, 649 56.8 1,775 5.4 88 34, 868 10,302 29.5 19,256 55.2 5, 112 14.7 109 2,749,550 1,056,327 38.4 1,560,397 56.8 117,728 4.3 7,138 2,546,635 800,392 31.4 1, 473, 465 57.9 259.641 10.2 8,604 1,380,473 521,643 37.8 786,799 57. 0 63,6&I 4.6 4,754 1,417, 123 468,966 33. 1 801,976 56.6 137, 781 9.7 5,856 486,375 241,593 49.7 226,534 46.6 15,902 3.3 1,220 513,818 221,334 43.1 249, 263 48.5 40,551 7.9 1,531 807,374 262,913 32.6 506,985 62.8 33,757 4.2 911 541,500 87, 476 16.2 382, 012 70.5 70,528 13.0 830 72, 613 28, 158 38.8 39,439 54.3 4,365 6.0 248 73,673 22, 166 30.1 40, 156 54.5 10,769 14.6 386 1, 755, 663 634, 137 36. 1 1, 022, 124 58.2 83,738 4.8 10, 594 1,667,482 481.784 28.9 991,870 59.6 178,798 10.7 12,386 1, 026, 164 379,346 37.0 588,845 57.4 47,683 4.6 6,921 1,016,202 307,598 30.3 600,780 59. 1 97,584 9.6 8,274 354,009 145, 585 41. 1 193,578 54.7 12,467 3.5 1,971 .176,287 132, 806 35.3 208,993 55.5 31,623 8.4 2,487 329,952 91,065 27.6 216,239 65. 5 20,412 6.2 1,144 234,883 30,763 13.1 1.59, 425 67.9 4:1,448 18.5 1,061 44, 894 17,774 39.6 23,210 51.7 3,162 7.0 558 40,052 10, 596 26.5 22,641 56.5 6, 138 15.3 564 979,564 333, 109 34.0 585,360 59.8 49,604 5.1 7,865 925,273 242, 128 26.2 576,624 62.3 96,210 10.4 8,478 726,448 249,382 34.3 433,233 59.6 35,339 4.9 6,044 707, 629 187,713 26.5 44:1,992 62.7 67,741 9.6 6,675 134,958 48, 662 36.1 79, 676 59.0 5,342 4.0 942 136,664 43,044 31.5 80,784 59. 1 11,562 8.5 1,010 93,911 25,762 27.4 60,006 63.9 6,9;i9 7.4 459 59,077 0,105 10.3 :!9, 498 66.9 13,046 22.1 305 23,848 9,045 37.9 12,327 51.7 1,969 8.3 418 21,818 5,218 24.0 12, 204 55.9 3,851 17.7 487 2, 071, 223 813,770 39.3 1, 143, 793 55.2 86, 077 4.2 11,008 1,901,556 577, 197 30.4 1,113,992 58.6 191,346 10,1 13, 172 850, 193 331,991 39.0 464,248 54.6 36,58C 4.3 5,740 810, 929 251,523 31.C 471,887 58.2 77,633 9.6 6,723 530,761 269,592 50.8 244,414 46.1 12,241 2.3 2,352 551,404 214,596 42.5 281,090 51. C 30,75S 5.6 3,279 642,776 193,323 30.1 410, 953 63.9 33,998 5,3 2,277 499, 129 82, 172 16.5 3:17,893 67.7 75,766 15.2 2,479 45,199 17,441 38.6 23,361 51.7 3,232 7.2 635 39, 961 8,860 22.2 2:1,051 57.7 7, 172 17.9 690 1, 033, 089 373,079 36.1 602, 102 58.3 47, 409 4.6 7,479 944, 683 256, 062 27.1 587, 253 62.2 92,424 9.8 7,604 408, 213 142,417 34.9 241), 128 58.8 19, 895 4.9 4,102 389, 159 104, 583 26.9 239, 877 61.6 40,003 10.3 4,026 295, 782 145,641 49.2 140,801 47.6 7,138 2.4 1,6.17 299,472 118,941 39.7 162,988 54.4 15, 103 5.0 1,970 319, 129 81,185 25.4 215, 998 67.7 19,636 6.2 1,594 247,577 30, 475 12. ,1 179,422 72.5 36,03C 14.6 1,374 7,087 2, 610 36.8 3,794 53.5 498 7.0 130 0,194 1,.520 24.5 3, .575 57.7 968 15.6 114 829, 051 343,440 41.4 444. 704 53.6 34,670 4.2 3,875 754. 606 246, 039 32.6 435,336 57. 7 67,563 9.0 4,289 201,512 101,223 50.2 90, 892 45. 1 7, 19C 3.6 1,188 194,408 81,363 42.9 94, 783 48.)! 14,4,56 7.4 1,333 341,962 173,9,1( ,50.9 159,881 46.8 6,420 1.9 1,190 ,143, 128 141,402 41.2 185, 1^3 ,54. 0 14, 273 4.2 l,7(i5 280, 951 66, 457 23.7 191,563 ()8.2 20, 625 7.3 1,424 213,111 20, 249 9.5 1,53,049 71.8 38,334 18.0 1,119 1,209 531 43.9 551 45.1 89 7.4 26 1,099 357 32.5 549 50.0 165 15.0 26 773, 283 362, 119 46.8 373, 701 48.3 29,355 3.8 2,835 640. 950 224, 076 35.0 360, 136 56.2 51,175 8.0 2.996 171,9ti4 86,030 50.0 76,6,55 44.6 6,033 3.5 9()9 147,783 59, 930 40. 6 74, 495 50. 4 11,407 7. 7 1,010 283, 055 171,389 (>0.6 106, 436 .17. 2 4, 269 1. 5 081 274, 182 134,653 49. 1 128,907 47.0 8, ,568 3.1 922 311,629 101,836 32.7 188,3.58 60. 4 18, 686 6.0 1,119 213, 947 28,317 13.2 151, 731 71.9 30, 487 14.2 973 3,657 1,772 48.5 1,618 44.2 187 5. 1 38 2,334 641 27.5 1,328 56.9 322 13.8 31 ' Total includes persons wliose marital condition was not reported. MARITAL CONDITION. 161 MARTTAT, CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, RY STATES: 1910— Continued. Tabic :{;i— Continued. MALE.S 15 YE.ARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMAI.ES 15 YEARS OF AGK AND OVER. DIVISION, STATE, AND CLASS OK POPULATION. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. 1 Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.! Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.' 1 Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. WEST NORTH CENTR AL-Ccntd. Iowa 800, 459 308.673 38.6 447.132 55.9 35,574 4.4 4,891 737,260 219,845 29.8 442,699 60.0 67,423 9.1 5,285 Native white — Native parentage 410,633 162,344 39.0 231,338 55.5 17,588 4.2 ,3,010 398,222 123,227 30.9 235,560 59.2 34, 790 8.7 3,396 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 223, 805 10.5,833 47.3 110,941 49.6 5, 176 2.3 952 221, 535 112,445 84,468 38.1 124,705 56.3 10,547 4.8 1,157 Foreign-bom white 153,433 37,907 24.7 101,522 66.2 12,337 8.0 786 11,017 9.8 79,2.57 70.6 21,396 19.0 603 Negro 0,222 2,350 37.8 3,221 51.8 462 7.4 143 4,943 1,112 22.5 3,008 60.9 677 13.7 128 Missouri 1, 171,394 435,219 37.2 665,938 56.9 56,518 4.8 7,020 1,099,015 308,184 28.0 660, 819 60.1 118,472 10.8 8,558 Native white — Native parentage 784,027 294,518 37.6 444,874 56.7 35, 134 4.5 4,543 744,906 211,571 28.4 456,641 61.3 69,012 9.3 5,519 Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . 197,943 82,482 41.7 107, 560 54.3 6,324 3.2 1,119 204,184 92,253 70,326 34.4 115,004 56.3 16,847 8.3 1,611 Foroign-born white 127,084 33,835 26.6 81,537 64.2 10,229 8.0 614 12,008 13.0 57,499 62.3 22,039 23.9 502 Negro 01,645 23,967 38.9 31,714 .51.4 4,811 7.8 742 57,550 14,240 24.7 31,613 54.9 10,553 18.3 926 North Dakota 210,192 98,659 46.9 102,080 48.6 6,091 2.9 664 155,146 46,828 30.2 98,370 63.4 8,133 5.2 557 Native white— Native parentage 52,999 25,375 47.9 24,894 47.0 1,5^ 2.9 239 38,253 11,716 30.6 24,120 63.1 1,840 4.8 190 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 08,397 41,731 61.0 24, 644 36.0 921 1.3 168 56,972 26,018 45.7 29,107 61.1 1,072 1.9 1.52 Foreign-bom white 86,403 30,643 35.5 51,207 59.3 3,547 4.1 247 57,882 8,619 14.9 43,812 106 75.7 5,014 8.7 198 Negro 331 190 57.4 107 32.3 15 4.5 5 185 56 30.3 57.3 16 8.6 7 South Dakota 215,201 96,007 44.6 108,368 50.4 7,686 3.6 1,189 168,244 49,274 29.3 105,949 63.0 11,137 6.6 1,026 Native white — Native parentage 80,997 37,373 46.1 39, 470 48.7 2,724 3.4 592 62, 582 19,245 30.8 38,748 61.9 3,777 6.0 477 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 70,090 39,023 55.7 28,976 41.3 1,260 1.8 267 60,361 24,304 40.3 33, 666 55.8 1,721 2.9 265 Foreign-bom white 57, 481 17,569 30.6 35,820 62.3 3,350 5.8 263 38,809 4,392 11.3 29,277 75.4 4,844 12.5 215 Negro 373 170 45.6 176 47.2 21 5.6 6 262 79 30.2 152 58.0 27 10.3 4 Nebraska 430,112 176, 075 40.9 233,273 512 16,353 3.8 2,396 372,138 109,278 29.4 230,441 61.9 28,980 7.8 2,417 Native white— Native parentage 209,222 85,405 40.8 113,379 54.2 7,726 3.7 1,403 186, 513 55,378 29.7 115,289 61.8 13,861 7.4 1,445 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 117,011 62,318 53.3 51,768 44.2 2,116 1.8 452 110,447 45,854 41.5 59,686 54.0 4,001 3.6 520 Foreign-bom white 98,535 3,541 25,871 26.3 65,653 66. 6 6,197 6.3 481 71,348 7,163 10.0 53,128 74.5 10,574 14.8 392 Negro 1,541 43.5 1,702 48.1 237 6.7 54 2,746 643 23.4 1,627 59.2 417 15.2 o5 Kansas 614,015 229,804 37.4 348,915 56.8 27,585 4.5 3,943 539,238 143,352 26.6 343,520 63.7 47,021 8.7 3,868 Native white — Native parentage 409,522 104,490 153,290 37.4 233,551 57.0 17,476 4.3 2,704 372,033 99,335 26.7 238,550 64.1 30,286 8.1 2,798 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 48, 269 46.2 52,467 50.2 2,846 2.7 489 96, 709 34,654 35.8 56,239 58.2 5,077 5.2 487 Foreign-bom white 78,073 19,913 25.5 51,390 65.8 5,638 1,554 7.2 425 51,142 4,511 8.S 37,558 73.4 8,707 17. C 288 Negro 20,877 7,711 36.9 11,166 53.5 7.4 312 18, 694 4,551 24.3 10,863 58.1 2,908 15.6 290 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Delaware 73,898 28,027 37.9 41,451 56.1 3,752 5.1 184 69,874 20,576 29.4 40,915 68.6 7,970 11.4 205 Native white— Native parentage 45,405 16,516 36.4 26,344 58.0 2,145 4.7 121 44,339 12,908 29.1 26,431 59.6 4,750 10.7 136 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 7,963 3,907 49.1 3,720 46.7 250 3.1 20 8,251 3,324 40.3 4,166 50.5 696 8.4 25 Foreign-bom white 9,480 3,061 32.3 5,757 60.7 566 6.0 9 7,061 1,199 17.0 4,738 67.1 1,101 15.6 9 Negro 11,015 4,518 41.0 5,621 51.0 791 7.2 34 10,222 3, 145 30.8 5,579 54.6 1,423 13.9 35 Maryland. 442,299 171,025 38.7 246, 717 55.8 22, 139 5.0 1,498 452,046 149,842 33.1 247,837 54.8 51,842 11.5 1,791 Native white — Native parentage 250, 190 100,419 40.1 137,201 54.8 11,160 4.5 852 257,854 90,299 35.0 140, 728 54.6 25,408 9.S 1,011 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 63,327 27,337 43.2 33,315 52.6 2,330 3.7 253 68,725 26,781 39.0 35,013 50.9 6,496 9.5 315 Foreign-bom white 51,194 12,928 25.3 34,518 67.4 3,517 6.9 126 46,760 8,269 17.7 29,476 63.0 8,833 18.9 128 Negro 77, 191 30, 141 39.0 41,495 53.8 5,090 6.6 264 78,668 24, 469 31.1 42,607 54.2 11, 103 14.1 337 District of Columbia 119,832 48,164 40.2 64,432 53.8 6,253 5.2 535 134,607 46,474 34.5 65,688 48.8 21,152 15.7 849 Native white — Native parentage 58,650 24,382 41.6 31,082 53.0 2,661 4.5 247 64, 779 23,503 36.3 31,633 48.8 9,002 13.9 403 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 16,277 7, 264 44.6 8,206 50.4 713 4.4 70 18,304 6,911 37.8 9,034 49.4 2,200 12. t 116 Foreign-bom white 12,344 4,162 33.7 7,116 57.6 989 8.0 34 10,886 2,605 23.9 5,930 54.5 2,282 21. C 46 Negro 32,156 12, 132 37.7 17,863 55.6 1,880 5.8 183 40,597 13,443 33.1 19,065 47.0 7,665 18.9 284 Virginia 650,073 250,218 38.5 364,751 56.1 31,628 4.9 1,760 648, 661 205,232 31.6 366,488 56.5 73,120 11.3 2,619 Native white — Native parentage 418, 792 159,442 38.1 239,241 57.1 17,985 4.3 1,009 416, 873 132, 248 31.7 241,988 58.0 40,408 9.7 1,435 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 13,001 6,078 46.8 6, 189 47.6 678 5.2 33 11, 698 4,662 39.9 5,793 49.5 1,193 10.2 41 Foreign-bom white 15,891 5,193 32.7 9,457 59.5 1,169 7.4 35 8,970 210, 968 1,376 15.3 6,274 69.9 1,296 14.4 18 Negro — 202, 055 79,328 39.3 109, 723 513 11,782 5.8 682 66,902 31.7 112,351 53.3 30,200 14.3 1,123 West Virginia 416,171 161,746 38.9 236,044 56.7 15,211 3.7 1,431 356,624 99, 881 28.0 225, 691 63.3 28, 276 7.9 1,863 Native white — Native parentage 330, 741 124,643 37.7 191,850 58.0 12,023 3.6 1,140 305, 998 87,560 28.6 193,227 63.1 22,880 7.5 1,560 Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . 18, 796 39, 213 7,287 38.8 10,642 56.6 727 3.9 63 18,489 6,208 33.6 10,474 56.6 1,685 9.1 74 Foreign-bom white 16,600 42.3 21,034 53.6 1,131 2.9 45 13,943 1,491 10.7 10,684 76.6 1,699 12.2 25 Negro 27,317 13, 144 48.1 12,487 45.7 1,330 4.9 182 18, 184 4,615 25.4 11,304 62.2 2,011 11.1 •204 North Carolina 646,759 234,954 36.3 382,288 59.1 26,543 4.1 999 665,872 207,677 31.2 386,528 58.0 68, 302 10.3 1,698 Native white— Native parentage 446, 127 162,390 36.4 265,375 59.5 16,652 3.7 555 449,883 138,684 30.8 267,545 59.5 41, 772 9.3 886 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 2,820 1,157 41.0 1,530 513 117 4.1 3 2,848 1,105 38.8 1,425 50.0 301 10.6 6 Foreign-bom white 3,546 1,136 32.0 2,207 62.2 184 5.2 8 1,986 325 16.4 1,384 69.7 271 13.6 1 Negro 191,986 69,483 36.2 111,770 58.2 9,514 5.0 427 208,993 66,965 32.0 114,810 54.9 25,765 12.3 803 South Carolina 434,468 154,312 35.5 259,205 69.7 18,986 4.4 401' 451,287 130,808 29.0 263,611 58.4 54,714 12.1 832 Native white — Native parentage 201, 725 75,845 37.6 117,508 58.3 7,658 3.8 121' 200, 121 60,586 30.3 119, 014 59.5 19,903 9.9 168 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 4,013 1,731 43.1 2,070 51.6 185 4.6 4 4,171 1,665 39.9 1,917 46.0 570 13.7 2 Foreign-bom white 3,568 225,020 1,210 33.9 2,070 58.0 255 7.1 5 2, 198 358 16.3 1,296 59.0 533 24.2 2 Negro 75,462 33.5 137,488 61.1 10,880 4.8 271 244,703 68, 178 27.9 141,327 57.8 33,694 13.8 659 Georgia 779,784 266,405 34.2 470,746 60.4 37,164 4.8 2,209 790,110 209,221 26.5 475,941 60.2 98,502 12.5 4,250 Native white — Native parentage 422,261 149,496 35.4 254,300 60.2 16,215 3.8 876, 420,617 117,609 28.0 257, 544 61.2 43.030 10.2 1,470 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 9,256 4, 181 45.2 4, 646 50.2 375 4.1 29 9,057 3,326 36.7 4,487 49.5 1,176 13.0 43 Foreign-bom white 9,086 3,132 34.5 5,335 58.7 544 6.0 23 5, 177 812 15.7 3,284 63.4 1,064 20.6 11 Negro 338, 942 109,458 32.3 206, 386 60.9 20,017 5.9 1,281 355,224 87,461 24.6 210.607 59.3 53,229 15.0 2,726 Florida 258,493 94,096 36.4 145, 419 66.3 13,320 5.2 1,562 225,910 53,103 23.5 144, 107 63.8 25,296 11.2 1,914 Native white — Native parentage 121,737 44,497 36.6 70,286 57.7 5,269 4.3 439 111, 183 27, 797 25.0 71,267 64.1 11,008 9.9 552 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 9,974 4,571 45.8 4,813 48.3 429 4.3 64 9,959 3,294 33.1 5,583 56.1 928 9.3 94 Foreign-bom white 19, 154 6,628 34.6 11,220 58.6 1,063 5.5 106 11,671 1,873 16.0 7,930 67.9 1,733 14.8 76 Negro 107,388 38,277 35.6 59,004 519 6,547 6.1 953 93,068 20,134 21.6 59,305 63.7 11,625 12.5 1,192 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Kentucky 745,909 265, 864 35.6 435,835 58.4 38,207 5.1 4,0201 2,521 723,830 201,689 27.8 436,478 60.3 78,648 10.9 5,656 Native white — Native parentage 583,426 206, 767 35.4 345,592 59.2 27,042 4.6 560,425 154,544 27.6 349, 341 62.3 51,898 9.3 3,602 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 48,975 19,447 39.7 27,316 55.8 1,825 3.7 334 54, 525 19,813 36.3 28,489 52.2 5,650 10.4 486 Foreign-bom white 21,155 4,349 20.6 14, 335 67.8 2,317 11.0 114 18,008 2,368 13.1 9,659 53.6 5,852 32.5 91 Negro 92,230 35,239 38.2 48, 538 52.6 7,019 7.6 1,050 90,814 24,849 27.4 48,951 53.9 15,245 16.8 1,476 Tennessee 693,173 242,482 35.0 409,478 59.1 35,783 5.2 3,074 684,678 186,773 27.3 411,118 60.0 79,932 11.7 5,177 Native white — Native parentage 517, 289 180,783 34; 9 310,019 59.9 23, 167 4.5 1,688 506,557 140, 301 27.7 312,027 61.6 50,422 10.0 2,693 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 14,249 5,858 41.1 7, 659 53.8 629 4.4 69 14, 731 5,033 34.2 7,870 53.4 1,675 11.4 116 Foreign-bom white 10,662 2,911 27.3 6,734 63.2 948 8.9 35 6,863 967 14.1 4,270 62.2 1,584 23.1 24 Negro 150,860 52, 874 35.0 85,020 56.4 11,029 7.3 1,282 156,459 40,455 25.9 86,908 65.5 26,243 16.8 2,344 ■ Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 72497°— 13 U 162 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MARITAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. BY STATES: 1910— Continued, Table 33— Continued. MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVEE. DIVISION, STATE, AND CLASS OF POPULATION. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL— Contd. Alabama 644,390 222, 125 34.5 386,415 60.0 31,463 4.9 2, 828 643,989 169, 126 26.3 388, 191 60.3 80, 137 12.4 5,513 Native while— Native j)arcntagc 353,413 125 , 654 35.6 212,996 60.3 13,246 3.7 735 345, 405 94, 154 27.3 215,440 62.4 34,098 9.9 1,2:2^ 4i7 Native white— Eoreign or mixed par.. 10, 477 4,488 42.8 5,506 52.6 424 4.0 41 10, C06 3,689 34.8 5, .590 52.7 1,246 11.7 Foreign-born wliite 11, 174 3,284 29.4 7, 149 04.0 683 0.1 41 6,539 758 11.6 4,658 71.2 1,088 16.6 17 Negro 260,025 88,577 32.9 160,594 59.7 17, 101 6.4 2,011 281,202 70,466 25.1 162,347 57.7 43,684 15.5 4,222 Mississippi 539,452 185,076 34.3 321,009 59.5 27,979 5.2 2,874 533,814 136,722 25.6 323,929 60.7 66,661 12.5 4,G66 Native white — Native parentage 229. 161 84,893 37.0 134, 219 58.6 8,746 3.8 520 220, 470 61,894 28.1 135, 663 61.5 21,682 9.8 70d Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . 7,050 2,756 39.1 3,919 55.6 330 4.7 21 7, 133 2,334 32.7 3,822 53.6 934 13.1 24 Foreign-born white 5,564 1,548 27.8 3,574 64.2 413 7.4 11 3,116 418 13.4 2,015 64.7 679 21.4 2 Negro 207,064 95,632 32.2 178, 983 60.3 18,447 6.2 2,319 302, 768 72, 021 23.8 182,200 00.2 43,328 14.3 3,931 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Arkansas 497, 182 170,709 34.3 292,715 58.9 29,092 5.9 2,653 457, 026 108, 141 23.7 292, 600 64.0 51,628 11.3 3,604 Native white — Native parentage 333,362 116,807 35.0 197, 496 59.2 16, 006 5.0 1,314 304,841 72, 934 23.9 199, 744 65.5 30, 113 9.9 l'513 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 13,700 5,537 40.4 7,373 53.8 681 5.0 79 11,571 3,619 31.3 6, 760 58.4 1,107 9.6 69 Foreign-bom wliite 10,142 2,693 26.6 6,477 63.9 883 8.7 67 5,924 800 13.5 4,089 69.0 1,003 16.9 26 Negro 139,798 45, 591 32.6 81,279 58.1 10,857 7.8 1,190 134, 532 30,748 22.9 81,917 60.9 19,385 14.4 1,889 Lonisiana 514,989 195,341 37.9 288,797 56.1 25,500 6.0 1,677 504,796 142, 819 28.3 290,536 57.6 66,801 13.2 2,989 Native white — Native parentage 230, 139 94, 758 41.2 123,881 53.8 8,702 3.8 518 218, 536 68,394 31.3 127,980 58.6 20, 757 9.5 704 Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . 38,908 15, 413 39.6 21,326 54.8 1,899 4.9 134 42,925 13,877 32.3 22,222 51.8 6,520 15.2 177 Foreign-born white 28, 148 7,979 28.3 17,839 63.4 2, 183 7.8 54 20, 588 2,840 13.8 12,219 59.4 5,404 26.2 39 Negro 217,006 76,748 35.4 125,446 57.8 12,684 5.8 967 222, 527 57,639 25.9 127,984 57.5 34,101 15.3 2,069 Oklahoma 553,026 197,510 35.7 321,850 58.2 26,662 4.8 3,151 458,381 100,265 21.9 317,450 69.3 36,128 7.9 2,863 Native white — Native parentage 428,100 153,496 35.9 250,348 58.5 19,142 4.5 2,226 357,827 78,479 21.9 250,375 70.0 25,745 7.2 1,940 Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . 34,625 13,724 39.6 19,086 65.1 1,383 4.0 204 28,161 7,589 26.9 18,745 66.6 1,585 5.6 140 Foreign-born white 24,701 7,091 28.7 15,507 62.8 1,659 6.7 159 13,497 1,118 8.3 10,696 79.2 1,590 11.8 69 Negro 45,671 16,170 35.4 25,345 55.5 3,428 7.5 460 39,278 8,566 21.8 25, 136 64.0 4,871 12.4 555 Texas 1,253,272 466,562 37.2 717, 027 57.2 67,862 4.6 6,278 1,138,840 296,498 20.0 713,569 62.7 116,712 10.2 9,283 Native white — Native parentage 811,440 306,165 37.7 466,714 67.5 32,386 4.0 2,799 737,623 193,882 26.3 473, 622 64.2 64,971 8.8 3,507 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 107,410 50,683 47.2 52,940 49.3 2,957 2.8 430 100,246 35,967 35.9 57,193 57.1 6,227 6.2 625 Foreign-born white 122,601 35,948 29.3 76,976 62.8 8,554 7.0 565 89,814 13,570 15.1 60,629 67.6 14,885 16.6 525 Negro 210,725 73,187 34.7 120,027 57.0 13,930 6.6 2,481 210,903 53,027 25.1 121,959 57.8 30,597 14.5 4,623 MOUNTAIN. Montana 175,220 91,760 52.4 74,423 42.5 5,338 3.0 1,175 98,645 25,961 26.3 64, 185 65.1 7,380 7.5 834 Native white — Native parentage 68,489 34,844 60.9 29,779 43.5 2,264 3.3 526 42,088 11,513 27.4 27,302 64.9 2,731 6.5 378 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 36,938 22,180 60.0 13,497 36.5 886 2.4 292 27,208 10,056 37.0 15,508 57.0 1,368 5.0 224 Foreign-born white 62,746 31,721 50.6 27,563 43.9 1,975 3.1 314 25,278 3,681 14.6 18,620 73.7 2,746 10.9 177 Negro 911 454 49.8 393 43.1 41 4.5 15 627 163 26.0 360 57.4 82 13.1 22 Idaho 130,250 59,751 45.9 64, 043 49.2 4,407 3.4 943 86, 866 21,475 24.7 58,904 67.8 5,599 6.4 567 Native white — Native parentage 71,334 31,924 44.8 35,625 49.9 2,488 3.5 580 51,757 13,710 26.5 34,498 66.7 2,993 5.8 336 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 27,897 13,531 48.5 13,469 48.3 624 2.2 164 21,929 6,506 29.7 14,343 65.4 893 4.1 121 Foreign-bora white 27,341 12,395 45.3 13,388 49.0 1,171 4.3 154 11,696 1,042 8.9 9,066 77.5 1,488 12.7 82 Negro 350 179 51.1 142 40.6 17 4.9 10 209 61 29.2 113 54,1 30 14.4 3 Wyoming 71,730 40,383 56.3 28, 498 39.7 2,042 2.8 500 35,026 8,225 23.5 24,199 69.1 2,164 6.2 340 Native white— Native parentage 35,658 19,652 55.1 14, 439 40.5 1,096 3.1 304 19,433 4,791 24.7 13,346 68.7 1,058 5.4 191 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 12,836 7,417 57.8 4,985 38.8 311 2.4 95 8,107 2,529 31.2 5,116 03.1 368 4.5 81 Foreign-bom white 19,496 10,801 55.4 8,001 41.0 549 2.8 80 6,442 704 10.9 5,103 79.2 585 9.1 42 Negro 1,408 988 70.2 364 25.9 29 2.1 16 560 152 27.1 306 54.6 76 13.6 26 Colorado 315,422 129,828 41.2 167,799 63.2 13,457 4.3 2,782 255, 736 66,931 25.8 160, 546 62.8 25,752 10.1 3,043 Native white — Native parentage 174,376 69,783 40.0 94,322 54.1 7,580 4.3 1,682 149, 657 39,489 26.4 93,483 62.5 14,444 9.7 1,929 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 58,836 29,133 49.5 27,134 46.1 1,908 3.2 503 55,864 19,514 34.9 31,546 56.5 4,084 7.3 633 Foreign-born white 74,439 27,180 36.5 42,882 57.6 3,591 4.8 493 45,336 5,908 1.3.0 32,664 72.0 6,349 14.0 368 Negro 4,761 1,722 36.2 2,608 54.8 317 0.7 95 4,422 936 21.2 2,529 57.2 828 18.7 111 New Mexico 114,295 43,684 38.2 63, 648 55.7 6,978 6.2 759 92,287 21,461 23.3 61,048 66.2 8,845 9.6 867 Native white — Native parentage 84,780 31,786 37.5 47,958 56.6 4,289 6.1 554 72,235 17,240 23.9 47,830 66.2 6,497 9.0 618 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 8,607 4,037 46.9 4,118 47.8 380 4.4 65 7,050 2,226 31.6 4,222 59.9 543 7.7 57 Foreign-bom white 13,688 5,404 39.5 7,412 54.1 782 5.7 75 6,710 865 12.9 4,872 72.6 927 13.8 41 Negro 718 283 39.4 357 49.7 61 8.5 14 520 107 20.6 305 58.7 90 17.3 17 Arizona 85,386 39, 106 45.8 40, 708 47.7 3,723 4.4 661 54, 182 12,035 22.2 35,601 65.7 5,668 10.5 533 Native white — Native parentage 33,022 15,351 4(). 5 15,354 46.5 1,416 4.3 313 21,377 5,121 24.0 14,187 66.4 1,742 8.1 183 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 13,251 7,127 53.8 5,399 40.7 448 3.4 117 10, 102 3,261 32.3 6,085 60.2 025 6.2 66 Foreign-born white 27,976 13,070 46.7 13,392 47. S 1,186 4.2 115 13,675 2,0.58 15.0 9,326 OS. 2 2, 158 15.8 74 Negro 827 313 37.8 434 52.5 54 6.5 16 734 167 22.8 402 54.8 141 19.2 22 Utah 126, 697 51,890 41.0 68,608 64.2 3,686 2.9 730 108,011 30, 083 27.9 66.255 61.3 9,949 9.2 918 Native white — Native parentage 43,748 44,436 20,226 18,830 46.2 21,079 48.2 1,081 701 2.5 271 37,861 13,506 13,7.31 35.7 21,078 55.7 2, 497 1,847 6.6 304 Native white— Foreign'or mixed par.. 42.4 24,494 55.1 1.6 214 42, 734 26,044 32.1 26’, 593 62.2 4.3 332 Foreign-born white 34,491 10,777 31.2 21,394 62. C 1,743 5.1 221 2,670 10.3 17,607 67. 6 5,433 20.9 2,59 Negro 606 263 43.4 269 44.4 34 6.6 8 365 81 22.2 221 00.5 42 11.5 10 Nevada 43,845 22,508 51.3 18,160 41.4 2,023 4.6 608 21,041 4,411 21.0 14, 109 67.1 2,124 10.1 275 Native white — Native parentage 16,786 8,314 49.5 7,153 42.6 828 4.9 289 8,730 2,028 2:1.2 5,849 07.0 08:5 7. S 130 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 9,634 5,172 53.7 3,841 39. t 399 4.1 155 0,16;] 1,631 26.5 4,030 65.4 403 6.5 79 Foroign-bom white 13,628 7,493 55.0 5,252 38.5 596 4.4 148 4,030 420 10.4 2,868 71.2 703 17.4 33 Negro 238 106 44.5 106 44.5 21 8.8 6 213 51 23.9 97 45.6 52 24.4 13 PACIFIC. Washington 505, 624 245,634 48.6 231,139 45.7 18, 207 3.6 4,606 335, 130 88,669 26.5 214,653 64.1 26,560 7.9 3,893 Native white — Native parentage 233,617 105,226 45.0 112,810 48..' 8,886 3.8 2,679 173,031 45,527 26.3 110,659 6-1.0 13,770 8.0 2,259 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 96,742 54,335 50.2 38,041 39.1 2,621 2.(: 842 80,328 30, 467 37.9 44,81C 55.8 3,040 4.9 847 Foreign-bom white 155,031 74,112 47.8 72,569 46.8 6,:i4-l 4. 1 1,087 74,960 11,440 15.3 54,676 72.9 7,983 10.6 705 Negro 3,336 1,819 54.5 1,296 38.8 126 3.8 50 1,907 437 22.9 1,133 59. 4 242 12.7 48 Oregon 296, 368 140,653 47.5 137,984 46.6 12,660 4.3 3,412 203, 487 55,242 27.1 128,182 63.0 17,540 8.6 2.225 Native white — Native parentage 16,5,849 73,648 44.4 81,295 49.0 7,05:i 4.0 2,184 127,380 33,755 26.5 81,120 63.7 10,790 8.5 1,197 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. .50,097 27,07] Al.C 20,725 41.-; 1,032 3.3 558 42,217 16,113 38.2 23,234 55.0 2,419 5.7 •107 Foreign-bora white 67,743 31,647 46.7 32,071 47. ; 3, 10.1 4.6 615 31,365 4,863 1.5.5 22,287 71.1 3,901 12.4 279 Negro 815 425 52.1 333 40.9 42 5.2 13 490 99 20.2 290 59.2 88 18.0 13 California 1,047,593 480,292 45.8 495,538 47.3 46,423 4.4 10,784 786,160 219,546 27.9 459,167 58.4 95,949 12.2 10,499 Native white — Native parentage 429, 129 184,243 42.9 2]3,41( 49.7 20, 196 4.7 6,481 368,388 105,631 28.7 212,375 57.6 41,118 12.0 6,744 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 222,697 118,,58i 63. f 94, 437 42.^ 0,81( 3.1 2, 493 216,6.50 81,0.54 37.4 115,839 53.5 16,702 7.7 2,810 Foreign-born white 311,192 132, Ilf 42.1 150,. 39f 49. f 17,28t 5.5 2,568 181,149 28, 77f 15.9 117,950 65.1 32,571 18.0 1 , 655 Negro 9,183 3,975 43. 3 4, 494 48. 9| 538 6.9 123 8,049 1,909 23.7 4,489 55. 8 1,455 18.1 1S4 ■ Total Includes persons wlioso marital condition was not reported. MARITAL CONDITION 163 MARITAL CONDITION OF THE TOFULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER FOR THE URBAN AND RURAL POrULATION: 1910. Table 34 MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, CLASS OF POrULATION AND AGE PKIUOD. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cen t. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. I’er cent. ALL CLASSES. TTtban communities: 16, 687,914 15 years and over 6,276,607 40.0 8, 582, 080 64.7 665, 893 4.2 78, 616 15,333,853 6,025,467 32.8 8,376,444 54.6 1,786,292 11.6 110,991 15 to 19 years 1,926,230 1,901,292 98.7 14,327 0.7 329 (H 116 2,077,041 1,901,171 91.5 160,622 7.7 3,079 0.1 1,438 20 to 24 years 2,250,623 1,767,465 78.5 463,479 20.0 6,111 0.3 2,911 2,319,935 1,295,154 55.8 984,534 42.4 23,387 1.0 10,735 25 to 34 years 4, 155, 747 1,601,477 38.5 2,472, 433 59.5 49,409 1.2 19,088 3,879,847 1,012,546 26.1 2,698,805 69.6 127,714 3.3 36,091 35 to 44 years 3, 185, 647 584,427 18.3 2,469,541 77.5 100,035 3.1 24,383 2,947,612 429,218 14.6 2,222,404 75.4 261,462 8.9 32,228 45 to 64 years 3,320,534 357,065 10.8 2,647,608 79.7 282, 636 8.5 27,333 3,167,330 313,150 9.9 2,030,143 64.1 794,341 25.1 27, 131 65 years and over 782,062 48,721 6.2 501,954 64.2 225,373 28.8 4,483 910,948 65,290 7.2 269,471 29.6 571,475 62.7 3,088 Age unkno\vn 67,071 16,060 23.9 12,738 19.0 2,000 3.0 302 31,140 8,938 28.7 10,465 33.6 4,834 15.5 280 Bnral communities: 16 years and over 16, 737, 891 6,273,622 37.5 9,510,520 56.8 806,497 4.8 77,546 14,713,472 3,907,703 26.6 9,308,243 63.3 1,389,936 9.4 74,077 15 to 19 years 2,601,052 2,546,775 97.9 37,550 1.4 781 m 231 2,459,280 2,084,693 84.8 352,617 14.3 7, 182 0.3 2,212 20 to 24 years 2,329,667 1,664,696 71.5 636,614 27.3 12, 704 0.5 3,821 2, 156, 759 868,529 40.3 1,240,828 57.5 31,967 1.5 9,635 25 to 34 years 3,745,369 1, 166,480 31.1 2,492,336 66.5 61,022 1.6 15,483 3,371,225 504, 180 15.0 2,745,089 81.4 96,613 2.9 21,171 35 to 44 years 2,967,719 442,075 14.9 2,403,612 81.0 98,606 3.3 18,305 2,556,709 199,298 7.8 2,187,906 85.6 150, 434 5.9 17,041 45 to 64 years 3,842, 798 365,636 9.5 3,124,022 81.3 316,006 8.2 30,844 3,093,427 186,414 6.0 2,353,354 76.1 530,497 17.1 20,003 65 years and over 1,203,914 74,601 6.2 801,814 66.6 313,685 26.1 8,592 1,052,600 68,933 5.6 417,864 39.7 569,083 54.1 3,815 Age iinimnwn 47,372 13,359 28.2 14,572 30.8 2,633 5.6 270 23,472 5,756 24.5 10,585 45.1 4,160 17.7 200 NATIVE WHITE— NATIVE PARENTAGE. tTiban communities: 16 years and over 6, 120, 304 2,460,977 40.2 3,312,098 64.1 258,606 4.2 40,545 6,197,574 2, 106,687 34. C 3,318,766 53.5 698,079 11.3 57,005 15 to 19 years 855,880 843,231 98.5 7,806 0.9 139 57 920,693 836,939 90.9 77,006 8.4 1,215 0.1 749 20 to 24 years 913,338 698,011 76.4 206,864 22.6 2,557 0.3 1,611 969, 121 538,048 55.5 414,229 42.7 8,639 0.9 5,653 25 to 34 years 1,574,856 571,043 36.3 968,773 61.5 19,881 1.3 10,231 1,541,875 397,011 25.7 1,078,251 69.9 46,364 3.C 18,279 35 to 44 years 1, 133,049 195,397 17.2 886, 124 78.2 36,552 3.2 12,260 1,081, 173 160,205 14.8 815,462 75.4 88,307 8.2 16,280 45 to 64 years 1,252, 103 124,524 9.9 1,006,117 80.4 105,341 8.4 13,787 1,243,519 133,232 10.7 801,794 64.5 293,237 23.6 14,217 65 years and over 347,390 20, 135 5.8 230,910 66.5 93,319 26.9 2,423 424,400 36,537 8.6 126,824 29.9 258,682 61. C 1,696 Age unknown 43,688 8,636 19.8 5,504 12.6 817 1.9 176 16,793 4,715 28.1 5,200 31.0 1,635 9.7 131 fiuiAl commaiiities : 15 years and over 10,112,791 • 3,724,347 36.8 5,832,001 67.7 470,277 4.7 46,911 9,326,326 2,537,435 27.2 5,900,619 63.3 825,481 8.9 43,048 15 to 19 years 1,696,648 1,661,242 97.9 26,012 1.5 389 121 1,615,834 1,362,917 84.3 241,328 14.9 3,179 0.2 1,202 20 to 24 years 1,419,576 993,374 70.0 411,436 29.0 6,313 0.4 2,152 1,380,887 556,486 40.3 802,622 58.1 13,212 1.0 5,249 25 to 34 years 2,213,310 610,708 27.6 1,555,778 70.3 32,903 1.5 9,152 2,120,634 316, 183 14.6 1,744,772 82.3 45,65S 2.2 11,657 35 to 44 years 1,720,995 219,795 12.8 1,433,218 83.3 54,571 3.2 11,052 1,560,549 124,250 8.C 1,347,617 86.4 77,771 5.C 9,719 45 to 64 years 2,295,222 190,877 8.3 1,896,532 82.6 185,175 8.1 19,039 1,949,156 687,319 128,575 6.0 1,487,907 76.3 318,124 16. £ 12,580 65 years and over 741,959 40,907 5.5 502,491 67.7 189,538 25.5 5,230 45,600 6.6 271,360 39.5 365,871 53.2 2,560 Age unknown 25,081 7,444 29.7 6,534 26.1 1,388 5.5 165 11,947 3,424 28.7 5,013 42.0 1,663 13.9 81 NATIVE WHITE — FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE. Urban communities: 16 years and over 3,694,508 1,850,359 51.6 1,621,357 45.1 98,157 2.7 15,834 3,955,301 1,762,246 44.6 1,878,389 47.6 283,695 7.2 22,675 15 to 19 years 694,456 688,827 99.2 2,359 0.3 61 (H 26 740,976 704,412 95.1 32,354 4.4 304 (H 212 20 to 24 years 581,132 488,452 84.1 89, 135 15.3 934 0.2 484 657,325 435,554 66.3 214,895 32.7 3,051 0.5 1,950 25 to 34 years 901,800 406,775 45.1 479,792 53.2 9,616 1.1 3,996 1,006,934 350,373 34.8 623,348 61. g 24,324 2.4 7,597 35 to 44 years 718, 120 168,673 23.5 621,323 72.6 21,748 3.0 5,634 788,203 164,241 98,691 20.8 555,366 70.5 60,767 7.7 7,230 45 to 64 years 634,191 90,834 14.3 487,836 76.9 49,753 7.8 5,233 084,721 14.4 429,278 62.7 150,917 22.0 5,379 65 years and over 61,652 5,311 8.6 39,944 64.8 15,876 25.8 436 73,802 7,366 10.0 22,116 30. C 43,947 59.5 278 Age unknown 3, 157 1,487 47.1 968 30.7 169 5.4 25 3,340 1,609 48.2 1,032 30.9 385 11.5 29 Sural communities; 15 years and over 2, 190, 629 1,055,683 48.2 1,056,349 48.2 62,622 2.9 8,854 1,931,830 690,771 35.8 1,130,234 58.5 98,623 5.1 7,531 15 to 19 years 400,405 396,578 99.0 1,276 0.3 31 m 8 369,738 343,879 93.0 23, 441 132,382 6.3 179 (D 107 20 to 24 years 332, 989 281, 122 84.4 49,402 14.8 453 0.1 251 301,662 166, 413 55.2 43. g 1,238 0.4 638 25 to 34 years 520, 183 217, 935 41.9 294,684 56.7 4,685 0.9 1,594 476, 409 103,804 21.8 362,335 76.1 7,317 1.5 2,177 35 to 44 years 425,531 91,005 21.4 320, 894 75.4 10,580 2.5 2,474 372,929 42,789 11.5 312,512 83. S 15, 234 4.1 2,130 45 to 64 years 442,031 61,850 14.0 345,765 78.2 30,055 6.8 3,855 356, 443 29,819 8.4 276,635 77.6 47,474 13.3 2,279 65 years and over 67,010 6,137 1,056 9.2 43,440 64.8 16,667 24.9 651 63,122 3,533 6.7 i 22,310 42.0 27.012 50.8 191 Age unknown 2,480 42.6 8a« 35.8 151 6.1 21 1,527 534 35.0 -*• 619 40.5 169 11.1 9 FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. Urban communities: 15 years and over 4,943,990 1,566,245 31.7 3,100,003 62.7 244,984 5.0 14,185 4,112,236 860,659 20.9 2,628,402 63.9 601,642 14.6 15,956 15 to 19 years 260,263 256,726 98.6 2,035 0.8 43 (H 11 271,574 238,710 87.9 31,151 11.5 253 0.1 82 20 to 24 years 603, 923 477,934 79.1 121,731 20.2 885 0.1 254 508,702 242,695 47.7 261,727 51.4 2,518 0.5 703 25 to 84 years 1,381,979 517, 143 37.4 847,058 61.3 10,417 0.8 2,231 1,023,072 203,521 19.9 792,309 77.4 22,290 2.2 4,114 35 to 44 years 1,112,341 174,954 15.7 903,383 81.2 27,297 2.5 3,960 872, 986 84,197 9.6 717,762 82.2 65,880 7.5 4,675 45 to 64 years 1,237,970 114, 666 9.3 1,013,057 81.9 101,2.34 8.2 6,304 1,061,050 70,463 6.6 712,035 67.1 272,416 25.7 5,413 65 years and over 336,850 20,871 6.2 209,274 62.1 104,638 31.1 1,389 370,068 19,585 5.3 111,587 30.2 237,261 64.1 939 Age unknown 10,664 3,951 37.0 2,865 20.9 470 4.4 36 4,784 1,488 31.1 1,831 38.3 1,024 21.4 30 Sural communities: 15 years and over 2,195,903 702,671 32.0 1,332,132 60.7 139,742 6.4 8,874 1,334,070 133,451 10.0 995,601 74.6 198,470 14.9 4,586 15 to 19 years 91,491 89,946 98. 3 816 0.9 17 (-) 7 50,433 39, 131 77.6 10, 898 21.6 103 0.2 28 20 to 24 years 219,997 183,547 83.4 34,491 15.7 364 0.2 104 97,759 29,483 30.2 67,289 68.8 602 0.6 137 25 to 34 years 497,265 221,836 44.6 268,087 54.0 3,827 0.8 716 206,095 28,213 10.6 232,777 87.5 4,159 1.6 706 35 to 44 years 451,185 94,900 21.0 342, 745 76.0 10,598 2.3 1,627 275,056 14,243 5.2 247,724 90.1 11,901 4.3 995 45 to 64 years 656, 765 87,735 13.4 513, 823 78.2 49,373 7.5 4,498 436,733 15,899 3.6 347,897 79.7 70,435 16.1 2,105 65 years and over 270, 158 22,358 8.3 169,923 62.9 75,244 27.9 1,890 206,273 6,205 3.0 88,150 42.7 110,859 53.8 610 Age unknown 9,042 2,349 26.0 1,647 18.2 319 3.5 32 1,721 277 16.1 866 50.3 411 23.9 5 NEGRO. Urban communities: 15 years and over 947,605 350,598 37.0 519,740 64.8 63,075 6.7 7,942 1,058,325 292,992 27.7 544, 179 51.4 202,182 19.1 15,297 15 to 19 years 111,172 108, 150 97.3 2,050 1.8 86 0.1 22 142,255 119,824 84.2 19, 869 14.0 1,303 0.9 394 20 to 24 years 142,067 93,923 66.1 44,847 31.6 1,727 1.2 557 182,805 78, 189 42.8 92,407 50.5 9, 1.56 5.0 2,417 25 to 34 years 273,678 90,244 33.0 170,098 62.2 9,372 3.4 2,595 304, 303 61,019 20.1 201,987 66.4 34,636 11.4 6,082 35 to 44 years 203,931 36, 765 18.0 149,729 73.4 14,222 7.0 2,493 203,462 20,414 10.0 132,356 65.1 46,362 22.8 4,028 45 to 64 years 174,362 17,707 10.2 128,504 73.7 25, 737 14.8 1,981 176, 897 10,647 6.0 86,310 48.8 77,480 43.8 2,117 65 years and over 34,973 2,046 5.9 21,174 60.5 11,392 32.6 230 42,462 1,790 4.2 8,872 20.9 31,460 74.1 169 Age unknown 7,422 1,763 23.8 3,332 44.9 539 7.3 64 6,141 1,109 18.1 2,378 38.7 1,785 29.1 90 Sural communities: 15 years and over 2,111,707 732,874 34.7 1,229,488 58.2 126,895 6.0 12,204 2,045,019 531, 004 26.0 1,231,770 60.2 257,649 12.6 17,989 15 to 19 years 396,773 384,003 96.8 9,0<)8 2.3 330 0.1 82 410,216 328, 691 80.1 74,218 18.1 3,626 0.9 811 20 to 24 years 340,090 194,071 57.1 137,203 40.4 5,433 1.6 1,252 365, 833 113,207 30.9 231,366 63.2 16,620 4.5 3,459 25 to 34 years 480,290 98,952 20.6 357,051 74.3 18,889 3.9 3,813 491,045 54,663 11.1 390,560 79.5 38,717 7.9 6,366 35 to 44 years 346,199 30,438 8.8 290, 172 8.3.8 21,922 6.3 2,965 335,270 17,691 5.3 268,713 80.1 44,477 13.3 4,020 45 to 64 years 421,192 18,954 4.5 349,208 82.9 49,072 11.7 3,273 335,652 11,836 3.5 229,513 68.4 90,966 61,396 27.1 2,837 65 years and over 117,509 4,239 3.6 81,496 69.4 30,499 26.0 769 99,180 3,453 3.5 33,532 33.8 61.9 396 Age unknown 9,654 2,217 23.0 5,290 54.8 750 7.8 50 7,823 1,463 18.7 3,868 49.4 1,847 23.6 100 * Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported, t Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1(54 ABSTRACT OF THE (CENSUS— BO PUL ATION .MAlllTAl. CONDITION OF crrv AND CI.ASS OK POPULATION. Baltimore, Md Nativo white — Native parentage. Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-hom white Negro Boston, Mass Native white — Nativo parentage Native v/hite — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-horn white Negro Buffalo, N. y Native white — Nativo jiarentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro j Chicago, 111 Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Cincinnati, Ohio Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Cleveland. Ohio Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Detroit, Mich Native white — Native parentage Nativo white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Jersey City, N. J Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Los Angeles, Cal Native white — Native parentage.* Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro Milwaukee, Wis Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Minneapolis, Minn Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro New Orleans, La Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-bom white Negro New York, N. Y Native wliite— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Newark, N. J Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Philadelphia, Pa Native white — Native parentage Native while — Foreign or mi.xed par.. Foreign-born white Negro Pittsburgh, Pa Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro St. Louis, Mo Native wliite— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-liorn white Negro San Francisco, Cal Native whiie— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par. . Foreign-born white Negro Washington, D. C Native while -Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. Foreign-born white Negro THE roruI^ATION ],'> YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OF 250,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. M ALE.S 1.5 YEARS OF AGK AND OVER. 1 FEMALES 15 Y EARS OF AGE AND OVER. Single. Married. Widowed. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total. 1 I Ntim- Per Nnm- Per N lira- Per vorced. Total, t Num- Per Nnm- Per N um- Per .. 1 her. cent. tier. cent. her. cent. her. cent. tier. cent. ber. cent. 193,703 76, 598 39.5 106,466 65.0 9,318 4.8 922 214, 672 76,947 35.8 108,520 50 6 27,605 12.9 1, 198 84,768 37,243 43. 9 43,517 51.3 3,349 4.0 470 94,777 .38,360 40.5 45,541 48. 1 10,054 10.6 '622 42, 593 18,926 44.4 21,827 51.2 1,557 3.7 211 48,451 19, 775 40.8 2 : 3,495 48.5 4,821 10.0 266 039 8,625 23.9 24,917 69.1 2,349 6.5 93 35,854 6,634 18.5 22, 380 62.4 6,685 18.6 113 29,982 11,651 38.9 16,045 53.5 2,060 6.9 140 35, 572 12,170 34.2 17,095 48.1 6,044 17.0 197 241,277 106,279 44.0 122, 810 50.9 10, 802 4.5 914 253,488 101,490 40.0 120,215 47.4 30, 110 11.9 1,516 55, 569 24,740 44.5 27,098 48.8 3,001 .5.4 449 58,540 25, 272 43.2 24, 350 41.6 8,095 13.8 772 67,919 41,267 60.8 24,428 36.0 1,960 2.9 186 72,938 40,934 56. 1 26,731 .36.6 4,899 6.7 310 llI.ltB 37,391 33.7 67,836 61.1 5,528 5.0 242 116,389 33 531 28.8 66.:594 57.0 16,038 13.8 386 5, 4^2 2,359 43.0 2,778 50.7 303 5.5 37 1 5,572 1,744 31.3 2,710 48.6 1,069 19.2 47 152,794 63, 132 41.3 83,284 54 5 5,684 3.7 306 151,215 52,939 35.0 81,424 53.8 16, 112 10.7 456 .38,596 18,716 48.5 18,363 47.6 1.170 3.0 122 1 38,314 16,751 43.7 18,049 47.1 3,213 8.4 172 53 524 27,666 51.7 24,319 45.4 1,359 2.5 90 ! 59,517 26, 567 44.6 28,284 47.5 4,407 7.4 166 59, 787 16,354 27.4 40,178 67.2 3,101 5.2 85 52,663 9,387 17.8 34,718 65.9 8,381 15.9 117 791 362 45.8 366 46.3 53 6.7 8 696 223 32.0 363 52.2 107 15.4 1 824,058 343,206 41.6 442, 081 53.6 27, 586 3.3 3,949 760,365 251,715 33.1 423,839 55.7 76, 813 10.1 5,890 150,055 64,271 42.8 74,;j03 49.5 5,057 3.4 1,251 141,917 .52,623 37.1 71,771 50.6 14,742 10.4 1,968 246,428 143,653 58.3 96,514 39.2 4,300 1.7 1,0.56 268, 117 132,330 49.4 119,386 44.5 13,810 5.2 1,814 406, 297 126, 504 31.1 260, 460 64.1 16,983 4.2 1,361 1 332, 267 62,9.30 18.9 222, 646 67.0 44, 504 13.4 1,757 19,372 7,631 39.4 10,076 52.0 1,232 6.4 279 17,962 3,800 21.2 9,978 55.6 3,746 20.9 355 134, 873 56,365 41.8 70, 888 52.5 6,427 4.8 904 143,721 51,293 35,7 70,435 49.0 20, 416 14.2 1,409 48,881 24.751 50.6 22,006 45.0 1,596 3.3 342 50,687 22,015 43.4 2.3,375 46.1 4,554 9.0 647 49,692 21,887 44.0 25,764 51.8 1,660 3.3 341 5.8,625 22.997 39.2 28,685 48.9 6,415 10.9 496 28,030 6,440 23.0 18,809 67.1 2,621 9.4 140 26,402 4,225 16.0 14,067 53.3 7,965 30.2 140 8,246 3,268 39.6 4,284 52.0 550 6.7 81 8,002 2,054 25.7 4,305 53.8 1,482 18.5 126 208, 923 79,854 38.2 121,055 57.9 6,534 3.1 910 '191, 747 58. 160 30.3 113,234 59. 1 18,835 9.8 1,347 43,754 17,935 41.0 23,765 54.3 1,339 3.1 298 42,692 15,265 35.8 22,679 53.1 4,186 9.8 484 59,278 32,001 54.0 25,991 43.8 979 1.7 252 65,142 29,600 45.4 31,550 48.4 3,504 5.4 436 102,008 28,450 27.9 69,154 67.8 4,019 3.9 307 80,. 533 12,469 15.5 57,031 70.8 10,629 13.2 366 3,630 1,350 37.2 2,017 55. 6 194 5.3 53 3,361 819 24.4 1,965 58.5 513 15.3 61 177, 039 70, 667 39.9 98,741 55.8 5,836 3.3 992 162,354 52, 074 32,1 92, 488 57.0 15, 996 9.9 1,598 39,431 17,075 43.3 20, 231 51.3 1,252 3.2 334 36, 438 12, 989 35.0 19, .338 53.1 3,473 9.5 557 53.671 28,264 52.7 24,007 44.7 1,047 2.0 285 58,288 26, 538 45.5 28, 020 48.1 3, 191 5.5 472 81,410 24,352 29.9 53, 137 65.3 3,406 4.2 346 65,341 11,993 18.4 43, 830 67.1 8,941 13.7 535 2,465 938 38.1 1,343 54.5 130 5.3 27 2,261 545 24.1 1,286 56.9 388 17.2 34 96,081 40. 102 41.7 51, 147 53.2 4,338 4.5 113 89.843 29, 830 33.2 49, 634 55.2 10, 112 11.3 129 22,232 10,500 47.2 10, 599 47.7 872 3.9 48 21,437 8,905 41.5 10,474 48.9 1,970 9.2 36 30,877 16,559 53.6 13,223 42.8 1,023 3.3 30 32, 826 15,091 46.0 15, 326 46.7 2,311 7.0 56 40,486 12,073 29.8 25,932 64. 1 2,332 5.8 28 33,, 370 5,333 10.0 22, 487 67.4 5, 479 16.4 30 2,335 861 36.9 1,353 57.9 111 4,8 7 2,206 500 22.7 1, 344 60.9 352 16.0 7 130,536 51.501 39.5 71,807 55.0 5,559 4.3 1,443 124,328 35.307 28.4 70, 635 56.8 16,544 13.3 1,728 66.333 25,646 38.7 36,737 55.4 2,947 4.4 886 66,565 19,186 28.8 37,059 55.7 9,170 13.8 1,090 24,695 11,240 45.5 12,426 50.3 756 3.1 245 28,499 10,325 36.2 15,149 53.2 2,633 9.2 368 31,494 10,647 33.8 18,855 59.9 1,670 5.3 275 25, 529 5,018 19.7 16, 108 6,3.1 4, 157 16.3 221 2,921 1,002 34.3 1,747 59.8 144 4.9 25 3,070 668 21.8 1,783 58.1 568 18.5 47 135,870 55. 852 41.1 74, 449 54.8 4,394 3.2 724 131,112 46,516 35.5 71,129 54.3 12, 127 9.2 1,125 20,939 11,646 55.6 8,426 40.2 447 2.1 137 21,830 11,541 52.9 8, 708 40.2 1, 279 5.9 224 54,786 28,643 52.3 24,928 45.5 910 1.7 257 62,759 28,837 45.9 30.266 48.2 3,048 4.9 509 59, 662 15,351 25.7 40,874 68.5 3,005 5. 0 321 46,091 5,994 13.0 31.896 69.2 7,724 16.8 379 422 175 41.5 203 48.1 29 6.9 9 431 144 33.4 198 45.9 76 17.6 13 121,934 56.540 46.4 58.384 47.9 4,192 3.4 596 109,116 40, 647 37.3 56. 664 51.9 9,643 8.8 869 :37.207 17,161 46,1 17,217 46,3 1,321 3.6 249 32,400 12,412 38.3 15,735 48.6 3,311 10.2 368 35,926 20,889 58.1 13,686 38.1 670 1.9 139 40,568 20,229 49.9 17,789 43.8 1,827 4.5 2.34 47,358 17,841 37.7 26,820 56.6 2,117 4.5 194 35,229 7,767 22.0 22,617 64.2 4,374 12.4 251 1,321 588 44.5 601 45.5 83 6.3 14 907 235 25.9 51G 56.9 130 14.3 16 115,620 47. 705 41.3 59.532 51.5 5,934 5.1 382 127, 332 42, 644 33.5 60, 852 47.8 22, 449 17.6 698 44,055 22,232 50.5 18,507 42.0 1,533 3.5 145 45,854 19,875 43.3 20,297 44.3 5,164 11.3 228 27.420 10,743 39.2 15,098 55.1 1,380 5.0 98 32,694 10,645 32.6 16,432 50.3 5,360 10.4 150 14,093 3,722 26.4 8,916 63.3 1,.3S4 9.8 26 12,369 1,937 15. 7 6,011 48.6 4,326 35.0 27 29, 692 10,783 36.3 16,879 56.8 1,634 5. 5 113 30,:592 10,179 28.0 18, 100 49.7 7,597 20.9 293 1, 697, 045 711,954 42.0 912,366 53.8 62, 451 3.7 3,079 1,702, 064 617, 885 36.3 892,969 52.5 183, 897 10.8 6,213 286,961 139,117 48,5 131,741 45.9 10,703 3.7 980 291 i,, 565 129, (H)8 43.7 134,222 45.3 30, 050 10.3 1,617 457,466 2.57,869 56.4 185,309 40.5 12, 700 2.8 756 499, 433 243,857 48.8 216,223 43. 3 37,368 7.5 1,319 913,046 298,096 32.6 574, 460 62.9 37,364 4. 1 1,239 8(i4, 927 231,066 26. 7 521,8,55 60. 3 109,014 12.6 2,070 34,269 13,335 38.9 19,1% 50.0 1,540 4.5 101 40, 792 13, 174 32.3 20, 406 50.2 6,844 16.8 206 122, 071 46,760 38.3 70, 082 57.4 4,697 3.8 223 122, 580 40, 009 32.6 68.914 56.2 13,210 10.8 289 30, 047 12,874 42.8 15,089 52. 2 1,109 .3.9 89 31,()87 12,6:14 39.9 15,518 49. 0 3,302 10.4 126 34, 464 17,869 51.8 15,612 4,5. 3 907 2.6 58 38, 6,53 17,407 45.0 18,4.39 47.7 2,702 7.0 83 5:1.920 14,820 27.5 36,, 537 67. 8 2,4.54 4.0 uG 48,382 8, 922 18.4 32,7.53 67.7 6,614 13.7 69 3,414 1.115 32.7 2,117 1)2. n 163 4.8 10 3,.S4S 1,045 27.2 2. 196 57.1 591 15.4 11 550, 627 216,401 39.3 304, 450 55.3 26, 818 4.9 1,440 579,421 204, 179 35.2 300, 629 51.9 71,509 12.3 1,904 194, 48(j 82,. 535 •12. 4 101,313 52.1 9,278 4.8 720 200, 124 81,831 39.1 101,:i33 48.5 24,633 11.7 972 143,449 71.146 40. (1 lit). 085 40. 1 5,453 :i.s 360 159,257 71 , 300 44.8 72, .596 4r). G 14,496 9.1 480 180,635 riO. ()22 28.0 119,011 ()5. 9 10. .352 5.7 205 175,205 39, 871 22.8 108,001 61.6 26, 751 15.3 307 30, 970 n.iioo 36.7 17,727 ,57.2 1,713 5.5 KG 35,790 11,1.50 31.2 18, 078 52.2 5,726 16.0 145 196,496 83.849 42.7 104, 125 53.0 7,303 3.7 555 184, 426 64, 722 35.1 98,734 53.5 19,760 10.7 814 5f), 544 25. im 4(l 0 28, 102 •19. 7 1 , 8()7 3.3 2.')0 TjH, osr, 23, 645 40.7 28. 537 40. 1 5.367 9.2 361 .53, 965 28,963 .53. 7 23,317 43. 2 1 , 404 2.6 183 .59, 349 27,:«4 46. 1 2(>,7‘H) 45. 2 4,880 8.2 208 75,361 24.643 ;J2. 7 47,044 02. 4 3,. 385 4.5 104 57,7.58 11,426 19.8 37 .. 848 65. 5 8.241 14.3 ia5 10.:i74 4,070 39.2 5,594 .53. 9 645 ().2 32 9,224 2,313 25. 1 5,547 60. 1 1,269 13.8 80 260, 803 109,565 42.0 130, 793 52.5 11,474 4.4 1,712 255,243 83,462 32.7 134,797 52.8 33,702 13.2 2.605 85, 5.50 41.702 48.7 39,6,58 40. 4 3.1 ()r>4 ,85, 362 33,992 39. 8 41,870 40.0 8, 122 9.5 l.aiti 89,. 371 40.979 45. !t 45. i:i7 .50. 5 2. 7)00 2.8 582 1011,011 .37.925 37.9 ,51,947 51.9 8. 999 9.0 944 07.078 19,:i29 28.8 42 , 400 ( nL 2 4.HH9 7.3 30() ,52, 131 7.007 14. G 31,. 355 60. 1 12.711 24. 4 3'.>9 18,318 7,271 :i9.7 9,415 51 . 4 1 , 421 7.8 169 17,089 3,916 22. 1 9, 607 ,54. 3 3,860 21.8 276 197, 134 96,430 48.9 81,243 41.2 7,451 3.8 2,532 140, 870 44, 858 31.8 74,790 53.1 18.260 13.0 2.694 48, ,504 25, 365 .52. 3 17. 9(H) ;io. 9 1 , 4(H) 3.0 9:Hi 34,952 12, 520 35. 8 17,279 40. 4 3,991 11.4 1 . o:ls 50.010 32, 040 56,0 22,174 39. 2 1 , 467 2.6 .809 65,9.59 23,0:i8 41.2 27,50.3 40. 1 4,299 7.7 1.041 78. 873 .32,862 41.7 35, 844 4.5. 4 4,315 5.5 762 47,880 S,767 18.3 28, 668 50. 0 9,793 20. 5 m 911 .526 .57. 7 308 33. 8 55 6.0 13 501 152 30.2 254 50. 4 76 15.1 119,832 48, 164 40.2 64, 432 53.8 6,253 5.2 635 134,607 46, 474 34.5 65,688 48.8 21,162 16.7 849 58, 6,50 24,382 41.6 31,082 53. 0 2,661 4.5 247 64,779 23, .50.3 3(1. 3 .31 , 0 : 1:1 4S. 8 9,002 13. 9 40:t hi, 277 7,264 44.6 8,200 50. 4 713 4.4 70 18,304 6.911 .37. 8 9,034 10.4 2,200 12. 0 116 12. :i44 4.162 33. 7 7.116 57. 0 9H9 8. 0 34 10,886 2, GOr. 23.9 5,930 54 . 6 2,282 21.0 46 ;i2, 1.56 12,132 37.7 17,863 65. () 1,880 5.8 183 40, 597 13, 443 33.1 19,065 47.0 7,605 18. 9 284 ' Total inchuli’s porsons whose marital oomlition was not. reported. MARITAl. CONDITION. 165 MARITA). CONDITION OF THIC ROPUl.ATlON 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER TN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 19)0. Table 36 MALES 15 YEAItS OF AGE AND OVEK. FEMALES 15 YEAR.S OF AGE AND OVER. CITY. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.i Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.i Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Alabama Birmiiigham 47,989 17,821 37. 1 27, 140 56. 6 2,728 5. 7 188 46, 170 10,946 23.7 27,267 59. 1 7, .503 las 388 Mobile 17,618 12,857 6,882 39. 1 9,469 53.7 1,103 6.3 99 20, 139 6,222 30.9 9,715 48. 2 3,924 19.5 224 Montgomery 4,843 37.7 7,160 55. 7 780 6. 1 31 15, 177 4,349 28.7 7,667 50.5 3,012 19.8 MO Arkansas Little Rock 17,361 6; 705 38.6 9,486 54.6 982 5.7 165 17, 179 4,474 26.0 9,575 55.7 2,815 ia4 304 California Berkeley 14,941 6,059 40.6 8,253 55.2 501 3.4 84 10,318 5,535 33.9 7,959 48 8 2,246 13.8 563 Oakland 61,380 24,891 40.6 32, 761 53. 4 2,568 4.2 676 55,066 15,423 28.0 31,310 56 9 7,464 13.6 822 Pasadena 10,659 3,586 33.6 6,387 59.9 599 5.6 55 13,484 4,598 34. 1 6,642 49.3 2,101 15.6 121 Sacramento 21,033 10,086 48.0 9,654 45.9 882 4.2 305 15,207 4,283 28.2 8, 612 56.6 2,013 13.2 287 San Diego 16, 700 6,716 40.2 8,512 51.0 985 5.9 224 14. 901 4,200 3,491 28.2 8,317 55.8 2, 158 14 5 202 San Jose 11,180 4,328 38.7 6,122 54.8 579 5.2 105 11,331 30.8 5,965 52.6 1,705 15.0 157 Colorado Colorado Springs 10, 670 3,719 34.9 6.249 58.6 531 5.0 124 11,649 3,722 32.0 6,201 53.2 1,559 13.4 148 Denver 82,690 32,045 38.8 45,541 55.1 3,482 4.2 952 81,308 23,617 29. 0 45, 732 56.2 10,293 12.7 1,.>37 Pueblo 19,010 8,569 45. 1 9,249 48.7 874 4.6 177 13,814 3,553 25.7 8,550 61.9 1,471 10.6 179 Connecticut Bridgeport 38,690 15,686 40.5 21,280 55.0 1,552 4.0 97 35,598 11,448 32.2 20,178 56.7 3,782 10.6 149 Hartford 36, 167 14,635 40.5 19, 898 5o. 0 1,488 4.1 81 36,648 13,055 35.6 19, 196 52.4 4,215 11. 5 146 Meriden town 11,475 4,504 39.3 6,309 55.0 611 5.3 34 11,597 4.089 35.3 6,261 54 0 1,185 1,046 10.2 43 Meriden city 9,7 H S,825 S9.J, S,S6S 65.2 481 6.0 SO 9,930 S,602 36. S 6,325 63.6 10.6 39 New Britain 16, 513 7,052 42.7 8,817 53. 4 564 3 4 28 14, 114 4,826 34 2 8,068 57.2 1,138 8. 1 47 New Haven 47,664 18,823 39.5 26,417 55.4 2, 178 4.6 134 47,998 16, 649 34.7 25, 510 53. 1 5,566 11. 6 188 Norwich town 9,785 3,770 38.5 5,429 55.5 556 5.7 20 10,888 4, 148 3a 1 5,359 49.2 1,329 12.2 10 Stamford town 10,446 4,091 S,J,80 39.2 5, 834 55.8 461 4.4 24 10, 335 3,536 34. 2 5,618 54.4 1,119 10.8 46 Stamford city 8,9J,S S8.9 6,078 56.7 S6S 4.0 21 8,930 3,065 34.3 4,880 64.6 941 10.6 36 Waterbury 26, 857 11,613 43.2 ,14, 174 52.8 987 3.7 48 24, 225 8,670 35.8 13,272 54.8 2, 198 9. 1 .59 Delaware Wilmington 32,425 12, 755 39.3 17,806 54.9 1,590 4.9 74 31,664 10,232 32.3 17,368 54 9 3,836 12. 1 113 Florida Jacksonville 22,501 8,464 37.6 12,277 54.6 1,109 4.9 148 21,519 5,345 24 8 12,683 58.9 3,128 14.5 226 Tampa 13,824 5, 713 41.3 7, 408 53.6 564 4. 1 87 12,409 2,903 23.4 7,509 60.5 1,788 14.4 1.58 Georgia Atlanta 53,119 20,065 37.8 30,467 57. 4 2,376 4.5 163 59,145 16,777 28.4 31,816 53.8 10,205 17.3 311 Augusta 14, 139 5,388 38. 1 7,847 65.5 795 5.6 43 16,533 4,908 29.7 8, 205 49.6 3,221 19.5 129 Macon 13,949 5,066 36.3 7,908 56.7 845 6.1 40 15, 330 4,127 26.9 8, 152 53.2 2, 900 18. 9 112 Savannah 22,817 8,477 37.2 12,959 56.8 1,214 5.3 89 25,071 7,009 28.0 13,508 53.9 4,299 17.1 201 Illinois Aurora 11,405 4,57i. 40.1 6,239 54.7 432 3.8 41 10,912 3,435 31.5 6,152 56.4 1,245 11.4 62 Bloomington 9,347 3,326 35.6 5,491 58.7 452 4.8 51 10,372 3,437 33.1 5,516 53.2 1,319 12.7 as Danville 9,966 3,222 32 3 6, 190 62. 1 435 4. 4 109 10,446 2, 768 2a 5 6,333 60.6 1,175 11.2 160 Decatur 11, 425 4,031 35.3 6,748 59. 1 511 4.5 100 11,683 3,426 29.3 6,783 sa 1 1,369 11.7 95 East St. Louis 24,398 9,950 40.8 13,261 54.4 950 3.9 176 18,296 4,548 24 9 11,792 64 5 1,798 9.8 142 Elgin 9,263 3,353 3a 2 5,378 5& 1 375 4.0 75 10,738 3,778 35.2 5,546 51.6 1,212 11.3 l:i0 Joliet 13, 459 5,717 42.5 7,113 52.8 414 3.1 70 11,304 3,757 33. 2 6,319 55.9 1,106 9.8 63 Peoria 26,573 11,110 41.8 13, 581 51. 1 1,314 4.9 380 24, 791 8, 185 33.0 13,301 53.7 2,830 11.4 346 Quincy 13,496 5,329 39.5 7,320 54.2 704 5.2 89 14,422 5,099 35. 4 7,431 51.5 1,720 11. 9 127 Rockford 17,642 7,386 41.9 9,493 53.8 644 3. 7 97 16,467 5,462 33.2 9, 192 55.8 1,672 10.2 120 Springfield 18,652 6,988 37.5 10,536 56.5 851 4.6 161 19,351 6,271 32 4 10,580 54 7 2,230 11.5 191 Indiana Evansville 25,550 9,768 38.2 14,199 55.6 1,357 5.3 186 26,293 8,382 31.9 14,327 545 3,321 12.6 234 Fort Wayne 23,312 9, 142 39. 2 13,016 55.8 909 3.9 209 24,237 8, 550 35.3 12,923 53.3 2,454 10. 1 296 Indianapolis 88,890 31,184 35. 1 52,299 58.8 4,283 4.8 873 90,417 25, 362 2 a 1 51,801 57.3 11,904 13. 2 1.230 South Bend 19, 746 7,062 35.8 11,735 59.4 651 3.3 158 18, 104 4,992 27.6 11,006 60. 8 1,787 9. 9 208 Terre Haute 21,765 8,112 37.3 12, 294 56.5 1,012 4.6 259 21,417 6,172 28.8 12,291 57.4 2,527 11.8 337 Iowa Cedar Rapids 12,258 4,491 36.6 7,194 58.7 463 3.8 93 12,381 3,963 32.0 7,085 57.2 1,191 9. 0 125 Clinton 9,827 4,178 42 5 5,111 52.0 425 4.3 79 9,285 3,139 33.8 4,986 63.7 1,038 11.2 113 Coimcil Blufis 11,146 4,523 40.6 5,994 53.8 617 4.6 76 10, 174 3,051 30.0 5, 946 58. 4 1,077 10. 6 94 Davenport 16,004 6,358 39.7 8,718 54. 5 758 4.7 109 16, 227 5,430 33.5 8, 743 53.9 1,863 11.5 147 Des Moines 32,068 11,364 35.4 18, 869 7,007 58.8 1,238 3.9 384 32, 215 9,668 30.0 18,697 58.0 3,189 0. 9 556 Dubuque 14,111 6,316 44.8 49. 7 715 ,5. 1 65 14,639 5,995 41.0 6,992 47.8 1,566 10.7 81 Sioux City 19,837 9,117 46.0 9,683 48. 8 745 3.8 141 16,215 5, 477 33. 8 9,037 55.7 1,458 9. 0 144 Waterloo 10, 491 4, 131 39.4 5,808 55.4 407 3.9 89 9,459 2,838 30.0 5, 6,56 59.8 819 8. 7 113 Kansas Kansas City 31,428 11,128 35.4 18,299 5a 2 1,383 4.4 245 27, 879 6,835 24 5 17,672 63.4 3.059 11.0 244 Topeka 16,468 5,743 34.9 9,651 5a 6 836 5. 1 157 16,761 4,908 29.3 9,601 57.3 2,012 12.0 220 AVichita 20, 758 7,561 30 4 11,920 57.4 884 4.3 280 19,049 5, 195 27.3 11,612 61.0 1,878 9.9 305 Kentucky Covington 18,738 7,485 39.9 10,230 54.6 878 4.7 121 20,496 7,203 35.1 10,302 .50.3 2,796 13.6 174 Lexington 12,887 5,305 41.2 6,810 52.8 662 5.1 79 14,441 4,822 33.4 7,072 49.0 2,352 16.3 147 Louisville 80,595 32,947 40.9 42,397 52.6 4,318 5.4 799 87,067 29,565 34.0 42,892 49.3 13, 189 15.1 1,314 Newport 10,608 4,174 39.3 5,870 55.3 481 4.5 70 11,731 4,093 :14.9 5,904 50.3 1,635 i:L9 90 Louisiana Shreveport 10,012 4,132 41.3 5,328 53.2 498 5.0 37 10,492 2,892 27.6 5,256 50.1 2,218 21.1 114 Maine I.ewiston 8,806 3,, 527 40.1 4,779 54.3 438 5.0 44 9,964 3,943 39.6 4,792 48.1 1,117 11.2 81 Portland 21,300 8,172 38.4 11,867 55.7 1,078 5.1 140 23,750 8,535 35.9 11,916 50.2 3,077 13.0 188 ' Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. 16G ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION MAIUTAI; CONDITION OF Till-; POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. Tuble 3 (»— (Continued. MALE.S 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CITY. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Tolal.i Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.! Massachusetts lirockton 20,083 8,017 38.2 12,027 57.3 809 3.9 109 21,340 lirookliiio town 8,377 3,2.33 38.6 4,796 57. 3 321 3.8 16 14,053 Cainliridge 35,4tii 14,775 41.7 18,973 53.5 1,617 4.6 85 40,213 (diolsea 11,852 4,623 39.0 6, 453 54. 4 059 5.6 38 10,938 Clucopoc 8,510 3,289 38.5 4,935 6,886 57.8 306 3.6 7 8,462 12, 404 Everett ll,;i50 3,991 35.2 60.7 435 3.8 20 Fall Itiver 38,439 14,637 38.1 21,810 56.7 1,901 4.9 79 42,572 Fitchburg 13,247 5,348 40.4 7,316 55.2 527 4.0 30 13,512 Haverhill 15,911 5, 966 7,981 37.5 9,014 56.7 826 5.2 94 16,950 llolvoke 19,005 41.9 10, 191 53.5 834 4.4 38 21,175 Lawrence 30,836 12,681 41.1 16,769 54.4 1,312 4.3 63 30, 757 Lowell 37,. 324 15,823 42.4 19, 565 52.4 1,789 4.8 88 40,506 Lvnn 33,867 13,4.10 39.7 18, 591 54.9 1,519 4.5 202 33,918 Malden 14,, 505 5,171 35.6 8,682 59.9 602 4.2 43 17,096 34,952 New Bedford 33,8.10 12,663 37.4 19,686 7,417 58.2 1,366 4.0 90 Newton 12,731 4,835 38.0 .58.3 451 3.5 20 16,966 Pittsfield 11,951 4,948 41.4 6,462 54.1 497 4.2 41 11,924 tiiiincy 11,627 14,988 4,672 40.2 6,508 56.0 411 3.5 31 11,267 Salem 6,202 41.4 7,991 53.3 703 4.7 56 16,070 Somerville 26,398 9,008 34.1 16,134 61.1 1,166 4.4 56 30, 518 Springfield 31,944 12,267 38.4 18, 105 56.7 1,359 4.3 203 34, 555 Taunton 12,004 4,7.50 39.6 6,637 55.3 578 4.8 32 12,818 Waltham 9,415 3,820 40.6 5,160 54.8 404 4.3 27 11,632 Worcester 53,572 22,642 42.3 28,399 53.0 2,323 4.3 168 52,946 Michigan Battle Creek 9,668 2,900 30.0 6,201 64.1 405 4.2 123 10,066 Bay City 15,343 5,725 7,932 37.3 8,816 57.5 716 4.7 69 15,776 Flint 17,727 44.7 8,950 50.5 650 3.7 178 12,524 Grand Rapids 40,. 379 14,138 35.0 24, 125 59.7 1,562 3.9 260 41,725 Jackson 12,312 4,128 33.5 7,310 59.4 583 4.7 241 11,956 Kalamazoo 14,641 5,120 35.0 8,534 58.3 644 4.4 160 15,678 Lansing 13,072 5,122 39.2 7,312 55.9 475 3.6 138 11,000 Saginaw 18, 196 6,523 35.8 10,640 58.5 785 4.3 131 19, 127 Minnesota Duluth 34,518 18,068 52.3 14,887 43.1 898 2.6 105 23,381 St. Paul 84,805 42,324 49.9 38,783 45.7 3,096 3.7 436 76, 429 Missouri Joplin 11,651 3,833 32.9 7,045 60.5 619 5.3 120 11,090 Kansas City 100,038 37,590 37.6 54,691 54.7 4,582 4.6 1,104 95,007 St. .Joseph 30,429 12,293 40.4 16,100 52.9 1,492 4.9 271 28,267 Springfield 12,620 4,272 33.9 7,599 60.2 581 4.6 80 12,874 Montana Butte 17,679 9,245 52.3 7,724 43.7 489 2.8 136 12,145 Nebraska Lincoln 16,339 6,127 37.6 9,364 57.3 613 3.8 99 16,587 Omaha 50,145 22,417 44.7 24,816 49.5 2,240 4.5 562 44,657 South Omaha 10,341 4, 782 46.2 5,147 49.8 319 3.1 49 7,519 New Hampshire Manchester 24,648 10,272 41.7 13,186 53.5 1,043 4.2 112 25,904 Nashua 9,481 3,838 40.5 5,140 54.2 432 4.6 59 9,464 New Jersey Atlantic City 17,735 6,744 38.0 9,955 56.1 840 4.7 48 17,986 Bavonne 19, 605 8,024 40.9 10,932 55.8 018 3.2 12 16, .343 Camden 33, 964 11,614 34.2 20, 639 60.8 1,580 4.7 76 33,673 East Orange 11,322 3,799 33.6 7,086 62.6 415 3.7 13 15, 126 Elizabeth 26, 657 10,850 40.7 14,830 55.0 918 3.4 29 24,292 Hoboken 26, 443 11,325 42.8 13,914 52.0 1,109 4.2 38 23,326 Orange 10,070 3,973 39.5 5,631 55.9 404 4.0 14 10,730 Passaic 17,994 6, 412 35.6 10, 688 59.4 465 2.6 10 19, 720 Paterson 44, 128 17,040 38.6 24, 720 66.0 2,020 4.6 84 44,967 Perth Amboy 11,804 4, 4.% 38.0 7,011 59.4 277 2.3 16 9,204 Trenton 36,801 14,571 39.6 20,612 56.0 1,503 4. 1 96 33, 191 West Holxrken town 12,214 4,. 340 35.5 7,422 60.8 434 3.0 9 12,282 New York Albany 36,933 15, .546 42.1 19,087 51.7 2,072 5.6 79 40,813 Amsterdam 11,252 4,443 39.5 6,369 56.6 419 3.7 19 12, 122 Auburn 13,739 5, 43() 39.6 7,576 55. 1 GSl 5.0 42 13,276 Binghamton 17,879 6,410 35.9 10,431 58.3 892 5.0 81 20,194 Elmira 14,5,37 6,081 41.8 7,628 ,52.5 783 5.4 38 14,712 Jamestown 11,767 4, 350 37.0 C, 866 58.3 427 3.6 39 11,850 Kingston 9,021 ,3,511 38.9 5,058 56. 1 420 4.7 26 10,3:38 Mount Vernon 10,411 3,722 35.8 6, 302 60.5 369 3.5 (j ll,7ti9 New Rochelle 10,5.38 4, ,536 43.0 5,651 53. 0 312 3.0 27 10,010 Newburgh 9, 999 3,870 ,38.8 5,461 54. 533 6.3 19 11,011 Niagara Palls 11,997 4,778 39.8 6,744 56.2 408 3.4 38 10,316 Poughkcep.sie 10,072 3,744 37.2 5,608 55. 7 5(j() 6.6 114 11,:5,57 Rochester 81,719 33,314 40.8 44,. 5, 37 54.5 3, 466 4.2 247 83, 401 Schenectady 28,718 11,815 41.1 15,835 55. 1 <157 3.3 70 24, 127 Syracuse 51,997 20, 323 39.1 29, 075 55. 9 2, 151 4. 1 148 51,972 Troy 26, 4.32 11,299 42.7 13,509 51. 1 1,549 5.9 41 32, ,580 Utica 26,631 10, .586 39.8 14,642 55.0 1,283 4.8 74 28, 625 Watertown 9,921 .1, lo2 31.8 C, 135 61.8 4(i5 4.7 38 10,477 Yonkers 27,998 11,425 40.8 15, .522 55.4 1,006 3.6 20 27, 798 North Carolina Charlotte 10,998 4,030 36.6 6,428 58.4 493 4.5 11 12, .3.33 Wilmington «,5()0 3,383 39.8 4,727 55.6 348 4. 1 9 9, 076 FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Single. Married. W idoweU. Di- vorced. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 6,927 32.5 12,084 56.6 2, 150 10.1 172 7,577 53.9 5,069 36.1 1,328 9.4 62 10,005 39.8 19,218 47.8 4,832 12.0 137 3,684 33.7 6,032 55.1 1,169 10.7 49 3,042 35.9 4,669 55.2 732 8.7 12 3,988 32.2 7,008 56.5 1,348 10.9 48 16,269 38.2 21,839 51.3 4,320 10.1 126 5,010 37.1 7,152 52.9 1,312 9.7 38 5,720 33.7 8,953 52.8 2, 105 12.4 166 8,956 42.3 10, 127 47.8 2,029 9.6 47 11,500 37.4 16, 186 52.6 3,006 10.0 62 16, 610 41.0 19,395 47.9 4,334 10.7 133 11,359 33.5 18,193 53.6 4,012 11.8 297 6,208 36.3 8,798 51.5 1,996 11.7 80 11,934 34.1 19,171 54. 8 3,683 10.5 145 7,824 46.1 7,329 43.2 1,755 10.3 48 4,478 37.6 6,153 51.6 1,246 10.4 43 3,795 33.7 6,325 56.1 1,103 9.8 35 6,295 39.2 7,848 48.8 1,840 11.4 76 10,366 34.0 16,264 53.3 3,753 12.3 116 12,509 36.2 17,947 51.9 3,906 11.3 172 4,792 37.4 6,453 50.3 1,508 11.8 63 5,217 44.9 5,123 44.0 1,240 10.7 51 19,937 37.7 27,271 51. 5 5,476 10.3 226 2,561 25.4 6,136 61.0 1,186 11.8 164 5,148 32.6 8,867 56.2 1,648 10.4 100 3,010 24.0 8,209 65.5 1,154 9.2 151 12,916 31.0 24,013 57.6 4,199 10.1 407 3,216 26.9 6,978 58.4 1,527 12.8 205 4,940 31.5 8,681 55.4 1,710 10.9 245 2, 682 24.3 7,061 63.8 1,149 10.4 150 6,164 32.2 10,642 55.6 2,064 10.8 172 8,071 34.5 13,242 56.6 1,567 6.7 156 31,566 41.3 37,713 49.3 6,583 8.6 432 2,571 23.2 6,998 63.1 1,342 12.1 170 27, 195 28.4 54,397 56.9 11,855 12.4 1,509 8,569 30.3 15,934 56.4 3,328 11.8 368 3,625 28.2 7,620 59.2 1,435 11.1 146 3,615 29.8 7,117 58.6 1,267 10.4 139 5,292 31.9 9,442 56.9 1,706 10.3 124 15,200 34.0 24,213 54.2 4,555 10.2 624 2,119 28.2 4,759 63.3 574 7.6 61 10,210 39.4 12,705 49.0 2,771 10.7 161 3,369 35.6 4,985 62.7 1,061 11.2 47 5,446 30.3 10,005 55.6 2,389 13.3 78 4,800 29.4 10,116 61.9 1,408 8.6 5 9,218 27.4 20, 470 60,8 3, 837 11.4 120 0,046 40.0 7,310 48.3 1,730 11.4 27 7,728 31.8 14,110 58. 1 2,387 9.8 33 7,462 32.0 13,303 57.0 2,492 10.7 38 4,030 37.6 5,533 51.6 1,107 10.3 20 7,t^4 38.8 10,298 52.2 1,412 7.2 35 15,509 34.5 24,426 54.3 4, 760 10.6 103 2,519 27.4 6,051 65.7 612 0.6 13 10,338 31.1 19, 189 57.8 3,547 10.7 104 3,744 30.5 7,294 59,4 1,219 9.9 19 15,928 39.0 19, 195 47.0 5,469 13.4 132 4,575 37.7 6,224 51.3 1,293 10.7 26 4,423 33.3 6,999 62.7 1,809 13.0 43 (), 830 33.8 10,500 52.0 2,722 13.5 114 5,102 34.7 7, 564 51.4 1,901 13.3 79 3,649 30.8 6,731 56.8 1,349 11.4 03 3,853 37.3 6,076 49. 1 1,359 13.1 30 4,2,34 36.0 6,138 52.2 1,309 11.6 19 3,4.85 34.8 5, 438 54. 3 1,057 10.6 22 4,020 36.5 5, 476 49.7 1,387 12.0 29 3, 123 30.3 0,0.80 58.9 1,070 10.4 34 3, 998 35.2 5, 732 50. 5 1,567 13.8 32 30,252 30.2 43,427 52. 0 9,332 11.2 320 0,570 27.2 15, ISO 62.9 2,261 9.4 94 17, 198 :j3. 1 28,204 54. 3 6,063 11.7 241 14,110 43.3 13, 709 42. 1 4,638 14.2 84 10,580 37.0 14, 360 50.2 3,516 12.3 135 3,078 29.4 6,041 57.7 1,235 11.8 45 10, 255 36.9 14, 720 63.0 2,740 9.9 52 3,9,35 31.9 6,584 53.4 1,746 14.2 30 3, 080 31.8 6,013 6E8 1,523 15.7 27 ' Total incUuie.s porsons wlia.-se marital condition was not roporlod. MARITAL CONDITION 107 MARITAT> CONDITION OF THE POPULATION 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1910 — Continued. Table 36— Oontlnued. MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, FEMALES 15 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER CITY. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Single. Married. Widowed. Di- vorced. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Pet cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Total.' Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Ohio Akrou 28,021 10,750 38.4 16,ft50 57.3 993 3.5 178 23, 895 6,673 27.9 14,634 61.2 2,340’ 9.8 230 Canton 19,!)09 7,796 39.2 11,270 56.6 679 3.4 108 17, 693 5,273 29.8 10,537 59.0 1,734 9.8 129 Coiumbus 70, 787 27,888 39.4 39, 240 55.4 2,914 4.1 646 69,453 21,889 31.5 38, 265 55.1 8,351 12.0 824 Dayton 44,525 15,848 35.6 26,340 59.2 1, 920 4.3 364 4^ 462 12,533 12, 639 29.1 25,245 58. 1 5,139 11.8 421 Hamilton 12,993 5,070 39.0 7,223 55.6 594 4.6 86 3,837 ,30.6 7,091 56. 6 1,475 11.8 119 Lima 11,005 3,888 35.1 6,612 59.8 458 4.1 61 11,202 3,272 29.2 6,645 59.3 1,146 10.2 118 Lorain 11,709 4, 377 37.4 7,050 60.2 246 2.1 30 7,978 1,698 21.3 5,751 72.1 492 6.2 37 Newark 9,810 3,514 35.8 5,813 59.2 418 4.3 61 9,340 2,603 27.9 5,460 58.5 1,162 12.4 109 Springficid 18, 029 6,502 36.1 10,242 56.8 908 5.0 93 17,401 5,040 29.0 10, 160 58.4 1,981 11.4 120 Toiedo 02, 129 22,508 36.3 36,345 58.5 2, 764 4.4 394 61,463 18,936 30.8 35,569 57.9 6,425 10.5 482 Youngstown 32, 072 13,334 40 8 18, 0t)3 55.3 948 2.9 95 24,443 7,073 28.9 15,007 61.4 2,175 8.9 123 Zanesville 10, 197 3,621 35.5 6,048 59.3 435 4.3 61 11,060 3,480 31.5 6,094 55.1 1,334 12.1 123 Oklahoma Muskogee 10, 136 4,041 39.9 5,412 53.4 526 5.2 66 8,577 2,122 24.7 5,435 63.4 878 10.2 101 Oklahoma City 28,304 12,364 43.7 14,426 51*0 1,129 4.0 265 20,874 5, 133 24.6 13, 486 64.6 1,921 9.2 252 Oregon Portland Pennsylvania 99,231 51,380 51.8 42,271 42.6 3,797 3.8 1,293 68,974 21,868 31.7 38,987 56.5 6,940 10.1 ;,09O Allentown 17,991 5,765 32.0 11,295 62.8 842 4.7 67 19,688 6,232 31.7 11,303 67.4 2,044 10.4 93 Altoona 18,039 6,846 36.7 10,993 59.0 715 3.8 48 18,255 5,704 31.2 10,674 58.5 1,773 9.7 60 Chester 14,074 5,826 39.7 8,028 54.7 640 4.4 47 13,540 4,465 33.0 7,483 55.3 1, 430 10.6 47 Easton 10,291 3,638 35.4 6,053 58.8 549 5.3 49 11, 209 3,635 32.4 6,115 54.6 1,397 12.5 59 Erie 23,701 8,780 37.0 13,541 57.1 1,110 4.7 96 23, 169 7,317 31.6 13,094 56.5 2,540 11.0 148 Harrisburg 23,421 8, 044 34.3 14, 135 60.4 1,112 4.7 123 25, 157 7,872 31.3 14, 117 56.1 2,990 11.9 173 Hazleton 8,238 3,290 39.9 4,678 56.8 247 3.0 15 8, 196 2,920 35.6 4,598 56.1 658 8.0 17 Johnstown 22,613 9,246 40.9 12,696 56.1 594 2.6 52 16,292 5,043 31.0 9,831 60.3 1,351 8.3 54 Lancaster 16,009 5,749 35.9 9,295 58.1 861 5.4 % 19, 052 7,034 36.9 9,372 49.2 2,496 13.1 145 McKeesport 15,414 6,278 40.7 8,529 55.3 553 3.6 35 13, 162 3,983 30.3 7,943 60.3 1,169 8.9 52 New Castle 13,875 5,169 37.3 8,186 59.0 415 3.0 53 11,923 3,236 27.1 7,439 62.4 1,131 9.5 88 Norristown borough 10, 028 4,143 41.3 5,342 53.3 451 4.5 30 11-,315 4,470 39.5 5,409 47.8 1,348 11.9 53 Reading 34,411 12, 124 35.2 20,402 59.3 1,684 4.9 179 35,551 11,068 31.1 20,357 57.3 3,882 10.9 235 Scranton 44,878 18,471 41.2 24,470 54.5 1,570 3.5 71 43,380 15,338 35.4 23,649 54.5 4,017 9.3 108 Shenandoah borough — 9,716 4,879 50.2 4,651 47.9 156 1.6 6 6,481 1,745 26.9 4,274 65.9 449 6.9 3 Wilkes-Barre 22,984 9,526 41.4 12,501 54.4 853 3.7 41 22,893 8,482 37.1 12,099 52.9 2,208 9.6 75 Williamsport 10,920 3,712 34.0 6,606 60.5 571 5.2 27 12,834 4,528 35.3 6,651 51.8 1,576 12.3 77 York Rhode Island 15,870 5,482 34.5 9,501 59.9 784 4.9 95 16,717 5,276 31.6 9,488 56.8 1,806 10.8 142 Newport 11,650 6,374 54.7 4,774 41.0 445 3.8 33 9,221 3,395 36.8 4,617 50.1 1,155 12.5 42 Pawtucket 18,071 7,289 40.3 9,779 54.1 920 5.1 52 19, 153 7,264 37.9 9,763 51.0 1,989 10.4 110 Providence 80,993 32,644 40.3 43,657 53.9 3,994 4.9 567 84,507 31,607 37.4 42,253 50.0 9,605 11.4 947 Warwick town 9, 258 3,443 37.2 5,279 57.0 484 5.2 41 9,289 3,098 33.4 5,212 56.1 905 9.7 62 Woonsocket 12,799 5,248 41.0 6, 986 54.6 517 4.0 35 13,260 5,276 39.8 6,801 51.3 1,128 8.5 26 South Carolina Charleston 19,258 7,593 39.4 10,307 53.5 1,119 5.8 30 23,153 7,602 32.8 10,745 46.4 4,582 19.8 69 Columbia 9,000 3,635 40.1 4,968 54.8 381 4.2 9 10,089 3,263 32.3 5,024 49.8 1,731 17.2 11 Tennessee Chattanooga 16,867 6,528 38.7 9,110 54.0 1,036 6.1 121 16,646 4,433 26.6 9,276 55.7 2,694 16.2 205 Knoxville 12,963 5,205 40.2 7,082 54.6 550 4.2 54 13,945 4,611 33.1 7,238 51.9 1,923 13.8 121 Memphis 51,3t4) 20,833 40.6 26,404 51.4 2,928 5.7 626 49,484 13, 094 26.5 26, 836 54.2 8,346 16.9 1,041 Nashville Texas 37,325 13,965 37.4 20,933 56.1 2, 194 5.9 208 43, 240 13, 103 30.3 21,473 49.7 8, 141 18.8 499 Austin 10,339 4,000 39.3 5,364 51.9 661 6.4 91 11,347 3,827 33.7 5,535 48.8 1,668 14.7 185 Dallas 34,924 14,013 40. 1 18,658 53.4 1,820 5.2 359 33,811 9,098 26.9 18,846 55.7 5,219 15.4 609 El Paso 13,708 5,256 38.3 7,591 55.4 547 4.0 63 13,426 3,476 25.9 7,850 5.8.5 1,943 14.5 126 Fort Worth 29,182 11,446 39.2 15,659 53.7 1,309 4.5 289 24,392 5, 530 22.7 15, 225 62.4 3,078 12.6 403 Galveston 14,621 6,478 44.3 7,144 48.9 804 5.5 179 12,829 3, 767 29.4 6,929 .54.0 1,857 14.5 265 Houston 30, 169 11,912 39.5 16, 194 53.7 1,650 5.5 258 28,683 7,607 26.5 16, 213 56.5 4,295 1.5.0 508 San Antonio 33,374 12,7% 38.3 18,429 55.2 1,626 4.9 321 34,582 10,071 29.1 18,841 54.5 4,983 14.4 567 Waco 8,946 3,292 36.8 5,070 56.7 349 3.9 44 9,584 2,783 29.0 5,237 54.6 1,302 13.6 131 Utah Ogden 9,210 3,384 36.7 4,946 53.7 233 2.5 39 8, 169 2,348 28.7 4,848 59.3 779 9.5 56 Salt Lake City 33, 787 13, 595 40.2 18,299 54.2 987 2.9 309 31,563 9,174 29.1 18, 190 57.6 3,299 10.5 421 Virginia Lynchburg 9,593 4,066 42.4 5,111 53.3 383 4.0 30 11,479 4,361 38.0 5,257 45.8 1,768 15.4 92 Norfolk 24,295 10, 100 41.6 12, 876 53.0 1,208 5.0 79 25,724 8,188 31.8 13, 445 52.3 3,900 15.2 172 Portsmouth 12,935 6,426 49.7 5,915 45.7 545 4.2 21 11,055 3,259 29.5 5,979 54. 1 1,782 16. 1 28 Richmond 44, 400 18,838 42.4 23,138 52.1 2,173 4.9 142 49, 808 18,075 36.3 23,290 46.8 8,122 16.3 231 Roanoke 12, 238 5,047 41.2 6,672 54.5 471 3.8 35 12,066 3,975 32.9 6,639 55.0 1,375 11.4 67 Washington Seattle 113,3.37 57,9.59 51.1 48, 132 42.5 3,544 3.1 1,192 77,200 22,740 29.5 45,343 58.7 7,348 9.5 1,364 Spokane 45,378 20,457 45. 1 22,981 50.6 1,254 2.8 395 34,854 10,008 28.7 21,. 557 61.8 2,768 7.9 410 Tacoma 37,584 17,531 46.6 17,215 45.8 1,269 3.4 316 26,380 7,503 28.4 1.5,985 60.6 2,301 8.7 330 West Virginia Huntington 11,264 4,453 39.5 6,343 56.3 361 3.2 55 10,527 3,204 30.4 6,237 59.2 954 9.1 % Wheeling 15,078 5,951 39.5 8,326 55.2 631 4.2 50 15,648 5,321 34.0 8,372 53.5 1,816 11.6 83 Wisconsin Green Bay 8,236 3, 050 37.0 4,806 58.4 332 4.0 36 8,842 3,199 36.2 4,842 54.8 723 8.2 64 La Crosse 10,583 4,432 41.9 5,607 53.0 459 4.3 70 11,029 4 ; 654 40.0 5,588 48. 1 1,238 10.6 126 Madison 9,241 3,837 41.5 5,015 54.3 334 3.6 39 10,097 3,954 39.2 4,%8 49.2 1,076 10.7 77 Oshkosh 11,381 4,303 37.8 6,465 56.8 512 4.5 88 12,112 4,232 34.9 6,452 53.3 1,298 10.7 119 Racine 14,749 6,507 44.1 7,628 51.7 497 3.4 54 12,811 4, 220 32.9 7,270 56.7 1,218 9.5 71 Sheboygan 9, 557 3,724 39.0 5,354 56.0 336 3.5 39 8,782 2, 837 32.3 5, 107 58.2 703 8.0 49 Superior 17,356 9,987 57.5 6,730 38.8 463 2.7 63 10,998 3,808 34.6 6,384 58.0 fl8 6.5 62 ‘ Total includes persons whose marital condition was not reported. Muvnc-rinKrrnstn V>y .',V .A 'ni% I'i'. fo.’, ' " .4 V,; ;■ - A^a, ifil' - !■ A " , ' V I,' .t: '«:■ '*» •• '■.:r : -T- VIrt' .-'-'wW •^.€ -■i: , ,ifi«’a'£‘l) I .i .. t '■'iill . »■.** '■ '>yir'-i 'I m ;l iffarvA ;■.»,■ i.. ■■>)*”’-■<■■ ■''^' I'fCC! ■ t**** •': i.ii<*i' ■ ' " '■' ■ ' . >Vi,. »■; 1^* \ '',*0 ' il'ib ,>.)<■■ I ■■ {««*' \ i- (’XiMvr’Mj !U/X)P^ ■ ' -■« :'te> :, >•■ / ■; ■ t’f '^.1, r o's v* jii*.* ^.•j-'^ji'/u.rn ;f 4 • •' : i'K '■• j.tV '.i; iVii :■_ j, , iMUjfi ' * [jJ™ »:'■ ‘ ’ ' '. , ■ 'Vi , ‘'il! .. "'•■‘■'.Ui : k Exclusive of outlying possessions. • Exclusive of population of Indian* Tenitory and Indian reservations, specially enumerated in 1890, with a native population of 325,451, which, how- ever, was not distributed by state of birth. These areas were not enumerated In 1880 or 1870. I The fact that each census from 1870 to 1910 showed I that about one-fifth of the native Americans had migrated from the state in which born to other states , indicates a rather high degree of mobility on the part of the population, especially when it is remeni- I bered that the census distmguishes only those persons who have migrated across state lines and not those who have moved from one locality to another within the same state. There is no doubt that some migra- tion within the same state involves a greater change of environment, and even a longer journey, than some of the migration across state lines. Much of the move- ment from country to city takes place within the con- fines of the same state; on the other hand, some of the interstate migration is merely from one border county or city to another just across the state line. Computations made in connection with the census of 1900 indicated that almost one-half of the persons living outside of the state of birth lived in states adjoining the state of birth. ( 169 ) 170 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. It is obvious that the statistics in Table 2 showing the number of persons living outside of the state of birth at a given census do not represent the total nund)er of ])orsons who have migrated from the state of birth during any given period of time. Some of those who have migrated have died, and the statis- tics show only those living at the time of enumeration, who maybe briefly described as surviving migrants. Interdivisional migration. — Table 3 shows the differ- ence between the total number of native Americans living in each of the nine geographic divisions and the total number born in each division as reported at the census of 1910. Table 3 POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED ST.^TES ‘ AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED : 1910 DIVISION. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central.. South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central.. Mountain Pacific Born in the specified division. Living in the specified division. Gain ( + ) or loss ( — ) by interstate migration (col. 2 — coi. 1). 1 2 3 78,095,419 78,095,419 4,907, 215 4,702,088 -205, 127 15,342,852 14,410,385 -932, 467 16, 479, 755 15,103,330 -1,376,425 9,449, 180 9,961,467 +512,287 12,770,824 11,869,658 -901,166 9,481,023 8,304,102 -1,176, 921 6,758,408 8,392,981 + 1,634,573 1,289,296 2,158,616 +869,320 1,616,866 3, 192, 792 + 1,575,926 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. The table shows that there were, m 1910, 4,907,215 persons living m the United States (exclusive of outlying possessions) who were reported as born in New England, while the number of native Americans residmg in New England was 4,702,088, or 205,127 less. This difference represents the net loss to New England in the balancing of surviving emigrants. To put the matter in another way, if all persons should return to the division in which they were born, the number of persons coming back to New England would exceed by 205,127 the number of persons leav- mg New England for other parts of the United States. It is evident that the number of persons reported as born in any division by no means indicates what the native American population of that division would have been had there been no mterstate migration on the part of the present generation. If every person now living who was born in New England had re- mained there, the living children and grandchildren of such persons would have been added to the popu- lation of that division; as it is, the children and grandchildren of those who migrated elsewhere appear as natives of other divisions. The converse is true regardmg the descendants of persons born m other divisions and now hving in New England. Thus while the census makes it possible to measure what may be termed the chrect effects of the migration of persons stiff living, it affords no means of measuring the mdirect effects. All divisions east of the Mississippi have lost more than they have gained as the direct result of the mi- gration of persons stiff livmg. The more westerly divisions — the West North Central, West South Cen- tral, Mountain, and Pacific — have gained largely by such migration. If all the native Americans in the country should return to the states where they were born, the Pacific division would lose nearly one-half of its native American population. The precedmg table shows only the net effects of migration, the last column representing the difference between the number of persons born in a given divi- sion who were living outside of it and the number liv- mg in the division who were born outside. These numbers are shown in Table 4. Table 4 DIVISION. POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED: 1910 Gain (+) or loss (— ) through interstate migration (col. 5 — col. 1 or col. 6 — col. 2). Bom in the specified division. Bom in and living in the specified division. Living in the specified division. Total (col. 4 + col. 2). Liv'ing in other divisions. Total (col. 4 + col. 6). Bom in other divisions. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 78,095,419 4.907.215 15,342,852 16, 479, 755 9,449,180 12, 770, 824 9,481,023 6, 758, 408 1.289,296 1,616,866 11,349,040 568, 763 1,881,406 3,077,070 1, 840, 185 1,478,110 1,788,681 410,956 188, 290 115,579 14.6 11.6 12.3 18.7 19.5 11.6 18.9 6.1 14.6 7.1 66, 746, 379 4,338,4,52 13, 461, 446 13, 402, 685 7,608,995 11,292,714 7, 692, 342 6,347,452 1,101,006 1,501,287 78,096,419 4. 702, 088 14,410,385 15,103,330 9,961,467 11,869,658 8,304, 102 8,392,981 2,158,616 3, 192, 792 11,349,040 363,636 948, 939 1,700,645 2,3.52,472 576, 944 611,760 2,045,529 1,057,610 1,691,505 14.6 7,7 6.6 11.3 23.6 4.9 7.4 24.4 49.0 53.0 -205,127 -932, 467 -1,376,425 +512,287 —901, 166 -1,176,921 + 1,634,573 +869,320 + 1,575,920 • E.xclasivo of outlying possos-sions. Of the 78,095,419 native Americans enumerated in 1910 with state of birth reported, 11,349,040, or 14.5 per cent, were living outside the division in which born. This percentage is lower than the percentage living out- side the state in which born (2 1.7), as shown by Table 2, for the obvious reason that many persons migrate from one state to another within the same geographic division. They are interstate migrants, but not interdivisional. Table 4 shows that in 1910 of the 4,907,215 persons born in New England 4,338,452 were stiff living there STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 171 while 568,763 wore living in other divisions; on the other hand, there were 363,636 j)ersons living in New England who had been born in other divisions. The dill’erence between the two ligures last named, 205,127, is the direct loss to New England by interstate migration, as already shown in Table 3. Of the population born in New England, 11.6 per cent had emigrated to other divisions, and of the native Ameri- can population living in New England 7.7 per cent had immigrated from other divisions. These state- ments indicate how the table is to be read. This table also shows that in 1910 a much larger per- centage of the native American population of the West North Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions consisted of persons born outside those divisions than in the case of the five more easterly geographic divisions. In the Mountain and Pacific divisions about one-half of the native Ameri- can population consisted of those born outside; in the South Atlantic division the proportion was only 4.9 per cent. It is notewortliy that, notwithstanding the large number of ])crsous living in the West Nortli Central division who were born outside it, the ])ercentage of its own natives living outside its borders (19.5 per cent) was larger than the corx'esponding percentage for any other geographic division. The statistics indicate that the earlier extensive migration into this division has been followed by a very • considerable migration out of it toward the West and South. The lowest proportion living outside the division of birth in 1910 was that for persons born in the West South Central division, 6.1 per cent. Table 5 is in effect a continuation in condensed form of Table 4. It shows the migration to and from each geographic division as reported at each census from 1870 to 1910; that is, it shows what proportion of the total population reported at each census as born in the division was living in other divisions, and, conversely, what proportion of the native American population living in each geographic division was born in other divisions. POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS: 1870-1910. Table 5 POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES ^ AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED. DIVISION AND CENSUS YEAR. Born in the specified division. Living in the specified division. Net gain (+) or loss (— ) through interstate migration. Total. Living in other divisions. Total. Bom in other divisions. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. New England: 1910 4 , 907,215 568, 763 11.6 4 , 702,088 363,636 7.7 - 205,127 1900 4 , 338,274 526,979 12.1 4 , 119,509 308,214 7.5 - 218,765 1890 3 , 898,003 564,572 14.5 3 , 540,915 207,484 5.9 - 357,088 1880 3 , 643,424 587,039 10. 1 3 , 216,890 160, 505 5.0 - 426,534 1870 3 , 293,103 568, 707 17.3 2 , 838,792 114,396 4.0 - 454,311 Middle Atlantic: 1910 15 , 342.852 1 , 881,406 12.3 14 , 410,385 948,939 6.6 - 932,467 1900 13 , 178,117 1 , 808,000 13.7 12 , 089,987 719,910 6.0 - 1 , 088, 150 1890 11 , 177,406 1 , 818,364 16.3 9 , 840,357 481,315 4.9 - 1 , 337,049 1880 9 , 843,732 1 , 785,831 18.1 8 , 475,904 418,003 4.9 - 1 , 367,828 1870 8 , 186,679 1 , 596, 101 19.5 6 , 935,402 344, 824 5.0 - 1 , 251,277 East North Central: 1910 16 , 479,755 3 , 077,070 18.7 15 , 103,330 1 , 700,645 11.3 - 1 , 376,425 1900 14 , 160,456 2 , 473.049 17.5 13 , 305,007 1 , 617,000 12.2 - 855,449 1890 11 , 596,441 2 , 194,918 18.9 10 , 890.202 1 , 488,679 13.7 - 706, 239 1880 9 , 179, 161 1 , 552,367 16.9 9 , 289,997 1 , 663,203 17.9 + 110,836 1870 6 , 618,328 930, 119 14.1 7 , 460,310 1 , 772, 101 23.8 + 841,982 West North Central: 1910 9 , 449, 180 1 , 840, 185 19.5 9 , 961,407 2 , 352,472 23.6 + 512,287 1900 7 , 448,659 1 , 101,856 14.8 8 , 777,275 2 , 430,472 27.7 + 1 , 328,616 1890 5 , 262, 124 592,940 11.3 7 , 278,499 2 , 609,315 35.8 + 2 , 016,375 1880 3 , 276,998 333,539 10.2 5 , 157,213 2 , 213,754 42.9 + 1 , 880,215 1870 1 , 801,712 176,027 9.8 3 , 183,. 301 1 ,. 557, 616 48.9 + 1 , 381,589 South Atlantic: 1910 12 , 770,824 1 , 478,110 11.6 11 , 869,658 576,944 4.9 - 901, 166 1900 11 , 161,575 1 , 372,186 12.3 10 , 211,017 421,628 4.1 - 950, 558 1890 9 , 616,872 1 , 291,048 13.4 8 , 025,681 299, 857 3.5 - 991,191 1880 8 , 509,714 1 , 335,735 15.7 7 , 422,906 248,927 3.4 - 1 , 086,808 1870 6 , 828,793 1 , 318,504 19.3 5 , 686,136 175,847 3.1 - 1 , 142,657 East South Central: 1910 9 , 481,023 1 , 788.681 18.9 8 , 304,102 611,760 7.4 - 1 , 176,921 1900 8 , 325, 166 1 , 482,208 17.8 7 , 444,534 601,576 8.1 - 880,632 1890 6 , 978,603 1 , 255,789 18.0 6 , 292,013 569, 199 9.0 - 686, 590 1880 6 , 019,996 1 , 146, 840 19.1 5 , 489,952 616, 796 11,2 - 530,044 1870 4 , 591,940 932, 776 20.3 4 , 299,251 640,087 14.9 - 292,689 West South Central: 1910 6 , 758,408 410,956 6.1 8 , 392,981 2 , 045,529 24.4 + 1 , 634,573 1900 4 , 855,385 231,088 4.8 0 , 244,819 1 , 620,522 25.9 + 1 , 389,434 1 S 90 ... 3 , 242,235 2 , 257,662 149, 286 4.6 4 , 279,938 3 , 155,090 1 , 186,989 27.7 + 1 , 037,703 + 897,428 1880 108,456 4.8 1 , 005,884 31.9 1870 1 , 269, 192 74,374 5.9 1 , 899,927 705,109 37.1 + 630, 735 Mountain: 1910 1 , 289,296 188,290 14.6 2 , 158,616 1 , 057,610 49.0 + 869,320 1900 835,858 84,466 10.1 1 , 361,469 610, 077 44.8 + 525,611 1890 469,834 36,314 7.7 883 , 2.35 449,715 50.9 + 413,401 1880 285,621 17,969 6.3 492, 226 224,574 45.6 + 206,605 1870 1 . 55,724 6, 140 3.9 228, 290 78,706 34.5 + 72,566 Pacific: 1910 1 , 616,866 115,579 7.1 3 , 192, 792 1 , 691,505 53.0 + 1 , 575,926 1900 1 , 099,277 74,379 6.8 1 , 849, 170 824,272 44.6 + 749, 893 1890 724,201 39, 888 5.5 1 , 334.879 650,566 48.7 + 610,678 1880 459, 190 25,332 5.5 775,320 341,462 44.0 + 316, 130 1870 233,189 12, 109 5.2 447,251 226, 171 50.6 + 214,062 • Exclusive of outlying possessions. 172 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POJHJLATION. Ill 1870, 17.3 jier (‘ont of tho persons horn in New Enf'laiul were living in other divisions. In 1910, the jiercentage had declined to 11.6. There was a similar decline in the percentage for the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions. The two North Central divi.siousshow an increase in tliis percentage. The two South Central divisions show, on tho whole, no marked change in this respect, but the percentage of emigrants from the Mountain division has greatly increased, while that of emigrants from the Pacific division has increased in some degree. In the case of the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions there has been some increase in the relative importanee of domestic immigration, as indicated by the percentage of the native Axnerican population born outside of the division. Thus, in 1870, 4 per cent of the total population born m the United States and living in New England were born outside New England. By 1910 the proportion had increased to 7.7 per cent. The South Atlantic division also shows some mcrease in tins percentage, but the four central divisions show a rather marked decline. Thus, m 1870, almost one-half (48.9 per cent) of the total native population inhabiting the West North Central division were born in other parts of the United States, as against less than one-fourth (23.6 per cent) in 1910. In the Mountain and Pacific divisions the percentage has fluctuated without any continuous movement toward either a higher or a lower percentage. It is noteworthy, however, that, notwithstanding the large migi-ation to the Pacific coast in the years folloiving the discovery of gold in California, the proportion of the native population of the Pacific division reported as born outside that division was larger in 1910 than at any jireceding census back to and including 1870. Comparing the returns for 1910 with those for 1900, as shown in Table 5, the divisions may be placed in two groups — ^fii’st, those in which the direct loss through mterdivisional migration of persons now living was reduced or the gain increased during the decade, and, second, those of which the converse is true, the loss being increased or the gain reduced. The two groups are distinguished by the last two columns of Table 6. The first group includes the New England, Middle Atlantic, and South Atlantic divisions, in which the loss through interstate migration has been reduced, and also the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, in which the gain has been increased. The second gi’oup includes the East North Central and East South Central divisions, in which the loss has been increased, and also the West North Central, in i wliicli tlie gain has been reduced. In 1900 the West North Central division had gained 1,328,616 jiersons, i but in 1910 the gain was only .■)12,287, a reduction of 816,329. ' 1 Tlu' figures presented in the last two columns of Table' 6, however, by no means represent the diU’erence betwi'cn migration into and migration out of the re- re.sj)ective divisions during the past 1 0 years, (’hanges ; in the gains or losses arc also affected by deatlxs among those who had previously migrated. Undoubt- edly, however, in the case of marked changes in gain or loss between 1900 and 1910, migration during the decade has been the principal factor. Table (> DIVISION. NET GAIN (+) OR LOSS ( — ) THROUGH INTERSTATE MIGRATION. Reduction of loss or increase of gain: 1900-1910 Increase of loss or reduction of gain; 1900 1910 1910 1900 New England -205, 127 -932, 407 -1,370,425 +512,287 -901, 166 -1,176,921 +1,634,573 +869,320 + 1,575,920 -218,765 -1,088, 150 —855, 449 +1,328,616 -950, 558 -880,632 +1,389,434 +525,611 +749,893 13,038 155,083 Middle Atlantic East North Central .520,976 810,329 West North Central South Atlantic 49,392 East South Central 290,289 West South Central 245,139 343,709 826,033 Mountain I’acific Table 5 shows that in the New England and South Atlantic divisions the net loss through interstate mi- gration has steadily declined. In the case of the East North Central division the gain shown at the censuses of 1870 and 1880 has given place to a loss which was much greater in 1910 than in 1900 or 1890. In the case of the West North Central dmsion the gain through interstate migration reached its maximum in 1890 and has declined very greatly since then. In the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, on the other hand, the gain has steadily increased, being greater in 1910 than at any preceding census. Certain broad generalizations of considerable interest may be drawn by comparing the population living in the tliree geographic sections, the North, the South, and the West, with the population reported as born in those sections, as shown by Table 7. Table 7 RACE AND SECTION OF RESIDENCE. Total native population : 1910 BORN IN— State of birth not reported, or born in outlying posses- sions, etc. The North. The South. The West. ALL RACES. TTnlted States. . . 78,456,380 46, 179, 002 29,010,265 2,906,162 360,961 The North 44,390,371 42,526,162 1,527,107 124,001 213, 101 The South 28,649,319 1,449,229 27,079,282 38,230 82,578 The West 5,416,690 2,203,611 403,806 2,743,931 65,282 WHITE. United States 68,386,412 45,488,942 19,814,860 2, 766, 492 316,118 Tho North 43,319,193 41,891,353 •1,110,245 116,939 200,656 The South 19,821,249 1,407,202 18,326,236 34,523 53,228 The West 5,245,970 2,190,327 378,379 2,615,030 62,234 NEGRO. United States 9,787,424 621,280 9,109,153 15,004 41,381 The North !)!I9, 451 570,298 415,533 2,295 11,325 The Soui h 8,738,858 39,077 8,668, 619 2,412 2S,7.')0 Tho West 49,115 11,911 25,001 10,897 1,306 The above table shows, for all races and for the whiles and negroes se])aratel 3 '^, the number resident in each section in 1910 who were reported as born in each section; or, conveiseU) the nuniher born in each section who were resident in each. Tho North com- prises the New England, Midtlle Atlantic, and North Central divisions; the South, tho South Atlantic and South (Vntral divisions; and the AVest, the Mountain and Pacific divisions. STATK OF BIKTII OF NATIVF POPUJ.ATION. 173 Table 7 brings out the fact that there lias been cou- siilerable migration from north to south and from south to north, as well as from oast to west. The absolute number of persons born in the North and living in the South (1 ,449,229) was not very dilfer- ent from the number born in the South and living in the North (1,527,107). The North, however, has contributed more than five times as many to the population of the West as the South has. Division of birth in relation to division of residence. — More specific information regarding interdivisionai migration may be obtained from Table 16, page 181, the first part of which shows, when read from left to right, the number of native American persons living in each geographic division who were born in each divi- sion. If read downward, the table, of course, shows the number born in each division who were living in each division. In Table 8 persons born in each geographic division are distributed on a percentage basis accord- ing to the division in which they were resident in 1910. Table 8 shows, for example, that in 1910, of the total number of persons born in New England, 88.4 per cent were still living in that division, while 4.5 per cent were living in the adjacent division on the west — the Middle Atlantic division; 2 per cent in the next division farther west — the East North Central; 1.5 per cent in the West North Central; and 2 per cent in the Pacific. The percentage living in the division in which born ranged from 80.5 in the West North Central division to 93.9 in the West South Central division. In a majority of cases the largest number of the emi- grants from any division are resident in the adjoining division on the west. This is true of the emigrants from the New England, the Middle Atlantic, the East North Central, the East South Central, and the Mountain di- visions; but the South Atlantic division has a larger number of its emigrating natives in the division imme- diately north of it than in any other division, and this is also true of the West South Central division, while of the emigrants from the West North Central a larger number went to the Pacific division and also to the West South Central than to the adjacent Mountain division on the west. While the main current of migration is westward, there has been some eastward migration and considerable migration north and south. Table 8 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY DIVISION OF RESIDENCE, OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES I BORN IN— DIVISION OF RESIDENCE . New Eng- land. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Moun- tain. Pacific. United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 88.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 0. 1 0.1 0.3 0.3 Middle Atlantic 4.5 87.7 1.3 0.5 3.1 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.8 East North Central 2.0 4.3 81.3 3.0 1.6 3.6 0.5 1.4 0.9 West North Central 1. 5 2.2 8.0 80.5 1.0 2.5 1.6 3.0 1.1 South Atlantic 0.0 1.3 0.7 0.3 88.4 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 East South Central 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.3 2.6 81.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 West South Central 0.2 0.4 1.9 5.3 2.2 9.1 93.9 1.3 0.5 Mountain 0.0 0.7 1.8 4.1 0.4 0.6 1.3 85.4 3.0 2.0 1.5 3.3 5.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 7. 2 92.9 1 Exclusive of outlying possessions. Table 9 shows what percentage of the native popu- lation resident in each division were born in that divi- sion and in each of the other divisions. The per- centages are based on the total native population, including persons born in the outlying possessions of the United States, or at sea under the United States flag, persons bom in the United States for whom the state of birth was not reported, and American citi- zens born abroad. The table is substantially the con- verse of Table 8 and needs little comment. It brings out the fact that the two North Central divisions have contributed largely to the population of the Pacific and Mountain divisions. Of the total native popula- tion of the Pacific division, 31.7 per cent were born east of the Mississippi (that is, in the New England, Mid- dle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions), and of the total native population of the Mountain division, 24.7 per cent. Table 9 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION, BY DIVISION OK BIRTH, OF THE NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES ‘ AND RESIDING IN— DIVISION OF BIRTH . New Engiand. Middle Atlantic. East North Centra!. West North Central. South .Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Moun- tain. Pacific. Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 91.8 0. 6 0.7 0.1 0.1 1.4 3.1 Middle Atlantic 5.3 93.1 4.3 3.4 1.7 0.3 0.7 5.1 7.2 East North Central 0.8 1.5 88.3 14.2 1.0 1.0 3.7 13.5 10. 9 0.3 0.3 9 75.9 0.2 0.4 5.9 3.3 17.0 15. 0 South Atlantic 0.9 2.7 1.3 1.2 94.9 4.0 2.1 2.1 East South Central 0.1 0.2 2.2 2.4 1.5 92.4 10.2 2.6 2.4 West South Central 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.1 0.1 1.0 4.0 2.1 Mountain 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 b) 0.2 0.2 0.2 50. 5 2.9 Pacific 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.3 40.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 Outlying possesions ® 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 (2) (=) 0.2 0.4 ' Exclusive of outlying possessions. “ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Includes also persons born at sea under United States flag and .\.racrican citizens born aliroad. 174 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Migration of native white and native negro popula- tion. — The preceding tables (with one exception) liave dealt witli the total native popidation without distinc- tion of race. It is desirable, however, to consider separately the division of birth of the native white and the native negro population, which together constitute- nearly the entire number of native Americans. Table 10 therefore presents for these two classes statistics similar to those presented in Table 4 for the total native popvdation. Table 10 MVISION. TTnlted States. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . West South Central. Mountain Pacific WHITE PER.SONS BORN IN AND LIVING IN TUB UNITED STATES > OF BIRTH reported: 1910 AND WITH STATE NEGRO PERSON-S BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES * AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED: 1910 Born in the specified division. Born in Living in tho specified division. Gain (+) or loss ( — ) Born in the specified division. Born in Living in the specified division. Oain{+) orloss(— > through Inter- state miration (col. 14— col. 10). Total (col. 4+ Living in other divisions. and living in the specified division. Total (col. 4+ Bom In other divisions. through interstate migration (col. 6— Total (col. 12+ Living in other divisions. and living in the specified division. Total (col. 12+ Bom in other divisions. col. 2). Number. col. 6). Number. Per cent. col. 2). col. 10). Num- ber. Per cent. col. 14). Num- ber. Per cent. 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 68, 070, 294 4,8C7, 37G 10,366,735 15.2 561,617 11.5 57, 703, 559 4,305,759 68, 070, 294 4,641,157 10,366,735 335,398 15.2 7.2 -226,219 9,746,043 37,799 963, 153 6,984 9.9 18.5 8,782,890 30,815 9,746,043 58, 109 963,153 27,294 9.9 47.0 +30,310 15, 123, 715 1,858,755 12.3 13,264,960 14,003,037 738, 077 5.3 -1,120, 678 212, 145 22, 183 10.5 189,962 398,529 208,567 52.3 + 186,384 16,287,067 .3,047,700 18.7 13,239,961 14, 791,593 1,551,632 10.5 -1,496,074 173, 220 28,039 16.2 145, 187 292,875 147,688 50.4 +119,649 9,210, 184 1,800,028 19.5 7,410,156 9, 682, 750 2,272, 594 23.5 +472,566 198, 116 36,062 18.2 162,054 238,613 76,559 32.1 + 40,497 8,273,219 1,028,606 12.4 7,244,553 7, 705, 765 521,212 6.7 -507, 454 4,487,313 448, 140 10.0 4,039, 173 4,094,486 55,313 1.4 -392,827 6,631,841 1,4.33,609 21.0 5, 198, 232 5,657, 676 459, 444 8.1 -974, 165 2,844,598 352, 991 12.4 2,491,607 2,643, 722 152, 115 5.8 -200,876 4,909,800 346,311 7.1 4,503,489 6,344,580 1,781,091 28.1 + 1,4.34,780 1,777,242 63,354 3.6 1,713,888 1,971,900 258,012 13.1 + 194,658 1,200,525 181,649 15.1 1,024,870 2,063,208 1,0.38,332 50.3 +856,683 7,342 3,220 43.9 4, 122 20,571 16,449 80.0 + 13,229 1,559,967 108,394 6.9 1,451,573 3, 120,528 1,668,955 53.5 + 1,560,561 8,262 2, 180 26.4 6,082 27,238 21,156 77.7 + 18,976 ■ Exclusive of outlying possessions. This table shows a somewhat greater mobility on the part of the white population than on the part of tlie negro. Of the 68,070,294 native whites enumerated in 1910, 10,366,735, or 15.2 per cent, were liUng in some other division than that in which born. Of the 9,746,043 native negroes 963,153, or 9.9 per cent, were living outside the chvision of birth. In the case of the whites the percentages living outside the division of birth ranged from 6.9 for whites born in the Pacific division to 21.6 for those born in the East South Central. In the case of the negroes the percentages ranged from 3.6 for those born in the West South Central division to 43.9 for those born in the Mountain division. Outside the South a large part of the negro population are not natives of the division in which living, but have immigrated from other divi- sions, principally from the South, the proportion of immigrants ranging from almost one-third in the West North Central division to about four-fifths in the Pacific and Mountain divisions. The South Atlantic and East South Central divisions'’ are the only ones which have suffered a direct loss in population through the migration of negroes of the present generation. The absolute gain is most conspicuous in the case of the Middle Atlantic and West South Central divisions. The migration of native whites and native negroes to and from the several states, so far as it can be indi- cated by statistics of state of birth, is shown in Table 15, which corresponds to Table 10 above. Migration to the several divisions from other divisions and from foreign countries. — Table 1 1 shows for 1910 and 1900 tlie sources from which the difl’erent geograpliic divisions had drawn their }) 0 ])idation. The three classes distinguished are (1) natives of the diUsion of residence, (2) native Americans born outside the di- vision of residence,' and (3) the foreign born; more briefly, they may be called natives, domestic immi- grants, and foreign immigrants. . Table 11 DIVISION OF RESIDENCE. Total DODUla- BORN IN DIMSION OF 1 RESIDENCE. 1 BORN IN OTHER DIVISIONS. FOREIGN BORN. tion.i Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 1910 tTnited States. . . 91,972,266 66,746,379 72.6 11,349,040 12.3 13,515,886 14.7 New England 6,552,681 4,338,452 66.2 363,636 5.5 1,825,110 27.9 Middle Atlantic 19,315,892 13,461,446 69.7 948,939 4.9 4,851,173 25.1 East North Central.. 18,260,621 13,402,685 73.4 1,700,045 9.3 3,073,766 16.8 West North Central. . 11,637,921 7,608,995 65. 4 2,352,472 20.2 1,616,695 13.9 South Atlantic 12,194,895 11,292,714 92.6 576,944 4.7 299,994 2.5 East South Central. . . 8,409,901 7,092,342 91.5 611,760 7.3 87,825 1.0 West South Central. . 8,784,534 6,347,452 72.3 2,045,529 23.3 352, 192 4.0 Mountain 2,633,517 1,101,006 41.8 1,0.57,610 40.2 453,322 17.2 Pacific 4, 192,304 1,501,287 35.8 1,691,505 40.3 955,809 22.8 1900 TTnlted States . . 75, 994,575 66, 248,496 74,0 9,154,271 12.0 10,341,276 13.6 New England 5,592,017 3,811,295 68.2 308,214 5. 5 1,445,2.37 25.8 Middle Atlantic 15,454,678 11,370,057 73.6 719,910 4.7 3,317,559 21.5 East North Central . . 15,985,581 11,087, 407 73.1 1,617,000 10. 1 2,625,226 16.4 West North Central. . 10,347,423 0,346,803 61.3 2, 430, 472 23.5 1,533,248 14.8 South Atlantic 10,443,480 9,789,389 93.7 421,628 4.0 216,030 2.1 East South Central.. 7,547,757 6,842,958 90.7 601,576 8.C 90,568 1.2 West South Central.. 6,532,290 4,624,297 70.8 1,620,522 24.8 267,087 4.1 Mountain 1,674,657 751,392 44.9 610,077 3a 4 301,969 18.0 Pacific 2,410,692 1,024,898 42.4 824,272 34.1 544,352 22.5 ‘ Includes persons born in the United States, state of birth not reported, persons born in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States (lag, and American citizens born abroad. (See Tabies 1 and 10.) In most of the divisions the natives are greatly in the majority, outnumbering both classes of immigrants. Tlie ])reponderance is greatest in the South Atlantic division, where 92.6 per cent of the population in 1910 consisted of persons born in the division. The propor- tion was nearly as groat in the East South Central. In the Pacific division, however, the most important class numerically was that of the domestic immigrants, who formed 40.3 per cent of the total po]nilation in 1910, while the natives of the division formed but 35.8 jier cent — STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION. 175 hardly more than ouo-lhird - and the foreign immi- grants 22.8 per cent. In the Mountain division tlie natives of the division were only slightly more nu- merous than the domestic immigrants, and constituted but 41.8 })er cent of the total population. Of course, these conditions are indicative of the comparatively recent settlement and rapid develo])ment of the far West, and of the great immigration thither from other parts of the United States. In New England and in the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions the greater part of the immigration is from foreign countries, the foreign born greatly outnumbering the domestic immigrants, but in all the other divisions the foreign immigrants are the least numerous of the three classes here compared. Comparison between the figures for 1910 and 1900, shown in Table 11, reveals the relative importance of the three classes as factors in the increase in the popu- lation of the several divisions during the decade. The comparison is facilitated by Table 12. It may be well to point out that tliis table throws no light upon the question of the fecundity or natural increase of the population. The persons reported in 1910 as born in a given division include, of course, many children of persons who were not born in the division as well as the children of persons born in the division. Table 12 DIVISION. iNCREASE IN POPULATION: 1900-1910 Total.i Bom In division of residence. Born in other divisions. Foreign bom. TTnlted States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central We.st North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 15,977,691 960,664 3,861,214 2,265,040 1,290,498 1,751,415 862, 144 2,252,244 958,860 1,775,612 10,497,883 527, 157 2,091,389 1,715,278 1,262, 192 1,503,325 849,384 1,723,155 349, 614 476,389 2, 194, 769 55,422 229,029 83,045 -78,000 155,316 10, 184 425, 007 447,533 867,233 3,174,610 379,873 1,533,614 448,540 83,447 83,964 -2,743 85, 105 151,3.53 411,457 > Includes persons born in the United States, state of birth not reported, per- sons born in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag, and Amencan citizens bom abroad. This table shows very great differences among the geographic divisions with respect to the relative im- portance of the three classes as factors in the increase in population. In the New England and liliddle Atlantic divisions the increase during the decade was chiefly in persons born witliin the division of residence and in the foreign born, the increase in the latter being roughly three-fourths as great as in the former. In the East North Central division conditions were somewhat similar, except that the increase in the foreign born was relatively less important. In the West North Central, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions, on the other hand, nearly the entire increase was in natives of the division. In the West South Central division there was a marked increase in domestic immigrants, as well as in natives of the division, but comparatively little increase in the foreign born. Finally, in the Mountain and Pacific divisions the increase in domestic immigrants was greater than that in natives, and there was also a very considerable increase in the foreign born. Migration to the several states from other states and from foreign countries. — Table 13 gives a classification of the population of each state in 1910, distinguishing the natives of the state, the domestic immigrants (born in other states), and the foreign immigrants (foreign born). Table 13 STATE. Total popula- BORN IN STATE OF RESIDENCE. BORN IN OTHER STATES. FOREIGN BORN. 19101 Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States 91,972,266 61,185,305 66.5 16,910,114 18.4 13,515,886 14.7 New England: Maine 742,371 578, 739 78.0 50,009 6.7 110,562 14.9 New Hampshire 430,572 248,629 57.7 82,562 19.2 96.667 22.5 Vermont 355, 956 250,480 70.4 52, 165 14.7 49,921 14.0 Massachusetts 3,366,416 1,861,820 55. 3 434, 104 12.9 1,059,245 31.5 Rhode Island 542,610 267,116 49.2 94,710 174,680 17.5 179,141 33.0 Connecticut 1, 114, 756 607,074 54.5 15.7 329,574 29.6 Middle Atlantic: New York 9,113,614 5,647,063 62.0 686,616 7.5 2,748,011 30.2 New Jereey 2,537,167 7,665,111 1,344,164 53.0 525, 075 20.7 660, 788 26.0 Pennsylvania 5,638,263 73.6 569,204 7.4 1,442,374 18.8 E AST North Central: Ohio 4, 767, 121 3,546,991 74.4 607,352 12.7 598, 374 12.6 Indiana 2,700,876 2,031,345 75.2 501,420 18.6 159,663 5.9 Illinois 5,638,591 3,406,638 60.4 997, 189 17.7 1,205,314 21.4 Michigan 2,810,173 2,333,860 1,761,085 62.7 436,326 15.5 597, 550 21.3 Wisconsin 1,558,455 66.8 256,529 11.0 512,865 22.0 West North Central: Minnesota 2, 075, 708 1,121,376 54.0 402, 137 19.4 543,595 26.2 Iowa 2, 224, 771 1,416, 584 63.7 524, 774 23.6 273, 765 12.3 Missouri 3,293,335 2, 222, 925 67.5 822, 738 25.0 229, 779 7.0 North Dakota 577, 056 197,847 34.3 216,996 37.6 156,654 27.1 South Dakota 583,888 225, 125 38.6 254, 762 43.6 100, 790 17.3 Nebraska 1,192,214 595, 551 823,628 50.0 414,0.56 34.7 176,662 14.8 Kansas 1,690,949 48.7 722, 968 42.8 135, 450 8.0 South Atlantic: Delaware 202,322 137,131 67.8 47, 285 23.4 17, 492 8.6 Maryland 1,295,346 1,026,355 79.2 161,783 12.5 104,944 8.1 District of Columbia. . 331,069 139,351 42.1 164,623 49.7 24,902 7.5 Virginia 2,061,612 1,843,152 89.4 188,886 9.2 27,057 1.3 West Virginia 1,221,119 931,077 76.2 229,925 18.8 57, 218 4.7 North Carolina 2,206,287 2,089,728 94.7 108,605 4.9 6,092 0.3 South Carolina 1,515,400 1,431,028 94.4 76, 996 5.1 6,179 0.4 Georgia ’. 2,609,121 2,364,349 90.6 221,545 8.5 15, 477 0.6 Florida 752,619 463,003 61.5 244,836 32.5 40,633 5.4 East South Central: Kentucky 2,289,905 2,031,385 88.7 215,517 9.4 40,162 1.8 Tennessee 2,184,789 1,873,227 85.7 286,419 13.1 18,607 0.9 Alabama 2, 138,093 1,857,916 86.9 267,031 12.0 19,286 0.9 Mississippi 1,797, 114 1,563,839 87.0 218, 768 12.2 9,770 0.5 West South Central: Arkansas 1,574,449 1,055,940 67.1 494,075 31.4 17,046 1.1 Louisiana 1,656,388 1,405,936 84.9 190,309 11.5 52,766 3.2 Oklahoma 1,657,155 515,212 31.1 1,092,844 65.9 40,442 2.4 Texas 3,890,542 2,730,757 70.1 907,908 23.3 241,938 6.2 Mountain: Montana 376,053 99,314 26.4 177,783 47.3 94,713 25.2 Idaho 325, 594 90,225 27.7 190,063 58.4 42,578 13.1 Wyoming Colorado 145, 965 31,782 21.8 84,269 57.7 29,020 19.9 799,024 233,516 29.2 430,264 53.8 129,587 16.2 New Mexico 327,301 184, 749 56.4 117,9,54 36.0 23,146 7.1 Arizona 204,354 78,949 38.6 74,699 36.6 48,765 23.9 Utah 373,351 243,054 65.1 60,655 16.2 65,822 17.6 Nevada 81,875 21,640 26.4 39,700 48.5 19,691 24.1 Pacific: Washington 1,141,990 262,694 23.0 608,226 53.3 256,241 22.4 Oregon 672,765 225.102 33.5 329,538 49.0 113,136 16.8 California 2,377,549 903,996 38.0 863,236 36.3 586,432 24.7 1 Includes persons bom in thoUnited States, state of birth not reported, persons bom in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag, and American citizens born abroad. The combined number of these classes in the United States was only 360,961, or 0.4 per cent of the total population. In nearly every state east of the Mississippi a ma- jority at least of the population were natives of the state, the only exceptions being, in fact, Rhode Island and the District of Columbia. In three of the southern states more than nine-tenths of the population were natives, but north of the Ohio there were only two states, Marne and Indiana, in which the proportion of natives exceeded three-fourths. The foreign immi- grants outnumbered the domestic immigrants in every state north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi 176 AJ^STJIACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. cxcc})t Vermont, ()luo,aud Jiidiaiia. In Vermont and Ohio domestie immigi ants were not much more numer- ous than the foreign, hut in Indiana they outnumbered the foreign immigrants more than three to one. West of the Mississi[)pi tlrere were only nine states (Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Arkansas, Ijouisiaua, Texas, New Mexico, and Utali) in which a majority of the |) 0 ])ulation were natives of the state. In Wyoming the natives of the state in 1910 formed only 21. S per cent of the total ])opulation and in Wash- ington only 23 ]>er cent. In the latter state a majority (53.3 i)er cent) of the population were domestic im- migrants. This was also the case in Idaho, Wyoming, ('olorado, and Oklahoma. The domestic immigrants outnumbered the foreign immigrants in every state west of the Mississippi except Minnesota and Utah. Interstate migration. — Table 14 presents for the several states in 1910 and 1900 the same class of data that is shown for the geographic diUsions in Table 4, that is, it shows what proportion of the population born in each state was living in other states and what proportion of the native American population of each state was born in other states. It shows, for example, that the population of the United States (not including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, or other outlying posses- sions) in 1910 included 791,827 persons who were born in the state of Maine and that of this number, 578,739 were living in Maine, while 213,088, or 26.9 per cent of the total, had left Maine and settled in other states; and it sho'ws also that the population of Maine in- cluded 628,748 native Americans with state of birth reported, of whom 578,739 were born in .Maine and 50,009, or 8 per cent, were born in other states. The numbers of native Americans who have thus migrated to and from the several states are shown graphically in the diagram on page 186. The proportion of the natives of the several states residing in other states in 1910 varied widely. In the case of the following states it exceeded one-third: Nevada (46.4 per cent); Vermont (38.6); Wyoming (37.8) ; Iowa (36.1); Kansas (34.2); and New Hampshire (33.8) . In the following states it was less than one- sixth: Pennsylvania (16.6 per cent); Georgia (16.4); Massachusetts (16.1); New Mexico (15.5); South Caro- lina (15.5); North Carolina (15.4); Texas (12.9); Louisiana (12.1); Florida (10.2); and California (10). 'Fhese percentages, it should be remembered, do not- include persons who migi-ated from the states named to outlying possessions of the United States. Referrmg to cohimn 7 of the table it will be found that there are only seven states (Maine, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky) in which the domestic immigrants — api)lying that term to persoiis born outside the state but within the United States, exclusive of outlying territories and ])ossessions — formed less than one-tenth of the native American ])opulation of the state in 1910. Hast of the Mississippi there are oidy four states (Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware, and Florida) in which the proportion exceeded one-fourth, or 25 per cent. In the District of Columbia, however, the })roportion exceeded one-half. West of the Mississippi there are 10 states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Okla- homa, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon) in which more than half the native American population in 1910 were domestic immigrants and only two (Louisiana and Utah) in which the proportion was less than one-fourth. Table 14 also shows the gam or loss to the several states by interstate migration ; or, m other words, the difference between the number of persons living m the state and born hi other states and the number born m the state and livhig m other states. For example, at the census of 1910, 213,088 persons born hi the state of Maine were livhig in other states and 50,009 persons born in other states were livhig hi Mahie. The differ- ence, 163,079, appears in tliis table as the direct net loss to the state of Mahie by interstate migration. Most of the states east of the Mississijipi have lost more than they have gained by this interchange of population wdth other states, gams being shown only for Massachus tts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Michig:ii, West Virginia, Florida, and the Dis- trict of Columbia. West of the Mississippi, on the other hand, most of the states have gained more than they have lost, the only states which have lost being Iowa, Missouri, Louisiana, and Utah. STATES GAINING OR LOSING BY INTERSTATE MIGRATION: 1910. Table 15 presents, for 1910, by states for the native white and native negro population separately, statis- tics similar to those presented for the total native population in Table 14. Of the two diagrams on the next page, the one on the left shows for each state the percentages of the total population born in the state, born in other states, and born in foreign countries (see also Table 13), while the diagram on t he right shows what percentage of the natives of each state were still living in that state in ItllO and what percentage had emigrated to other states. In the first of the two maj)S presented 8TATK OF BIRTH OF NATIVr: POPUl.A'riON. on page 178, the states arc classified in six groups with reference to the jiercentagc of emigrants. Tins niaj) brings out the fact that in general the emigration from states located on the boundary of the United States is relatively less than from states more cen- trally located. This probably is in part a natural result of the fact that the ])ossibility of emigration from a border state to other parts of the United States is cut off in one or more directions. From some of the states along the northern border there has been a very considerable emigration to Canada in recent years, but this of course is not revealed by a ])opu- lation census of the United States. In the second map on page 178, the states are grouped with reference to the percentage which the population born in other states forms of the total native population or popu- lation born in the United States. The j)ercentages are presented in Tables 13 and 14. nt State of birth in relation to state of residence. — In Table IG the total Jialivo ]>opulation of each slate and geographic division is distributed according to the state or geographic division in which born. As regards any given state, this table shows how many of the ])crson3 living in that state were born there and how many were born in each of the other states; it gives similar information for the several geogra])hic divisions. The table covers the total native i)opula- tion, including those born in outlying territoiies or possessions of the United States, or at sea under the United States flag, those boin in the United States for whom the state of birth was not reported, and American citizens born abroad. At the same time the table when read by columns gives the distribution by residence (state or geographic division) of the total population reported as born in each state or geo- graphic division. DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL POPULATION AND NATIVE POPULATION. DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL POPULATION OF EACH STATE, BY PLACE OF BIRTH; 1910. DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVES OF E.\CH ST.A.TE, BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE; 1910. New ENGLAND MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS. RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT MIDDLE ATLANTIC NEW YORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA EAST NORTH CENTRAL OHIO INDIANA ILLINOIS Michigan WISCONSIN WEST NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA IOWA MISSOURI NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS SOUTH ATLANTIC DELAWARE MARYLAND OtST. OF COLUMBIA VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROUNA GEORGIA FLORIDA EAST SOUTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY TENNESSEE ALABAMA MI8SI6&IPPI WEST SOUTH CENTRAL ARKANSAB LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA TEXAS MOUNTAIN MONTANA IDAHO WYOMING COLORADO NEW MEXICO ARIZONA UTAH 1 1 UZi ' i ■ • Wl4 ' ' - j • 1 1 ...f" " i -1.' W/£££J ':n::^:^iW:i>^^££j^£££i£yA '1.' . f \ j y:y////yv//^v//y^yyA 'V, ■//y-'j yyy/ymyy/my/pyy/A yAyyAmiA w/y yy/A-y/yx. AAAAAAyAAAAyrAyAiA, ■y/M w-y-, y/w/yy/' yyA/Ayy/A/AyAAAAA ‘Ay/Ayy.yyMi wy yy/z/y-//////. ‘■y/AAA/. y/AAAAyAAAAAjAA’AAAAy ’’my.'yymk w-y 7//7/ym’/y/A AC|FIC NEVADA AAAAyAyAyy'y^im^m^ yAyAAyAy'$msi^m^mi^ AAyA^AAAAAlAAAA^imfpm m0m0m^i^£^££j '^y^:uyz7j^//Ayy.. yy:y:yyiyyy\yyy\!y‘:A ’yyyAyyy^yAyy.yj^mmm ^^^^^^y£££y££A WABHINGTON OREGON CAUFORNIA wyy. yyyyyA '-yyy±AyA \ NEW ENGLAND MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT MIDDLE ATLANTIC NEW YORK NEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIA EAST NORTH CENTRAL OHIO INOUtNA ILUNOie MICHIGAN WISCONSIN WEST NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA IOWA MISSOURI NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS SOUTH ATLANTIC DELAWARE MARYLAND OI8T OFOOLUMBIA VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA NORTH CAROUNA SOUTH CAROUNA QCOROIA FLORIDA east SOUTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY TENNESSEE ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI WEST SOUTH CENTRAL ARKANSAS LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA TEXAS MOUNTAIN MONTANA IDAHO WYOMING COLORADO NEW MEXICO ARIZONA UTAH NEVADA PAcinc WASHINGTON OREGON CAUFORNIA 1 I y/.yj.' ■:yyyi’yy: iTnym. AayAA yyiyyzn ".'i. rA;;A. 'Amy cy££i£££i —v—r— vv:;;:v yyy—. yAyy\y.A/£/£££/£/i iyy.y^yy-Xyy i JuAAA yy’y: m:4X££i^£££j(££A 'yArlVjyy///- ///. / //. Y//yy'/y. ■^yyy} 1 ! ■■y-y' yim wyyy yyy.y.y^yyz^AfAM yyyyyy y’h'yyyAymyyyy 'Am. yyy'.Mx/A/MJAm. 7yy7yy< v/y«y. ym. 7m. mypt my?< I V/£££I£££IIa ■w/y w/y/A yyyyyy yyyyyy. TaW. yyy^A yyyyyy '///////. my} yyyyyy w/yy my yyf£f£i£fM yyyyyy yyyyyy ■'.y/A'A yyyyy/y, my. yy/k yy£j£££^££l 'aWA/a. ‘md mk yyyyyy yyyyyy yyyyy, yyyAyyyy££4££A yyyyyy mh yyy/ky yAyyyyy yyyyy w/yy, wy ■mAJ77;y£!£7££. my m:, yyyyy yyy/yy y/yy/y:- yy.Ay. 'yyyy yyyy y.yy.Y. lyy/yy wyy/A W/y. yyyyk yW7^£Af£FA A-A//// 'mk 'ym. myy mmyAmuTA my m7 1 i ym, mmmmyA yym .1 wiTsw/y^^ 7Z/WWa yyA/y/i :Wyy : yy/y/y yyyy'yW/,yy xv''yy '-A/AAA y/ym 'AAAAaAaA/AA: 'WA .. -J...,., _ 7m. T/m my Tm, V22IBL ... yyyy, AA///! w/y w/y yyyyy U-Akf, W7 yy-y y;m yy:/. ymi yw iVZJ W4> L y/y/y a/,a/A wy-< 'Am r-AAA 'y/yfJ ’£££4 m 7 , my rnyy my. mmm. yyyyyyy^i/A wy. ‘■yy/yy. yyyy. yyyyy. yyykyyyyy yyyyA yy'y£if£££^ V££ ym mi iim iim • y\ 'A >■ ■_±m 72497°— 13 12 tTATC OF BdlOCMCC I J MBN m OTHBII OTATO FOABIOII BOPIf 223 kiVINO IN THE »TATE ^^2 b< « TMI ATATC AND LIVING IN OTNCIt •TATES 178 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. PERC'ENTACE OF POPUT.ATION BORN IN KAOH STATE LIVING IN OTHER STATES: 1910. PERCENTAGE OF NATIVE POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910. STATE OF I^IIOTI OF NATIVE POPULATION 179 POPITLATION BORN IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE LIVING IN OTHER STATES, AND POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 14 POPULATION DORN IN AND LIVINO IN THU UNITEO .STATES > AND WITH STATE OP BIRTH REPORTED; 1910 STATE. Born in the specified state. Born in and living in the specified state. Living in the specified state. Gain (+) or loss(— ) through inter- state mi- gration. Bom in the specified state. Bom in and living in the specified state. Living in the spedfled state. Gain (-4) or loss(— ) through inter- state mi- gration. Total. Living in other states. Total. Born in other states. Total. Living in other states. Total. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. TTnlted States . . 78,095,419 16,910,114 21.7 61,185,305 78,095,419 16,910,114 21.7 65,402,767 13,501,045 20.6 51,901,722 65,402,767 13,501,045 20. C New England: Maine 791,827 213,088 26.9 578, 739 628, 748 50,009 8.0 -163,079 777,057 216,551 27.9 560,506 597,594 37,088 6.2 -179,463 New Hampshire. 375,522 126,893 33.8 248,629 331, 191 82,562 24.9 -44,331 367,094 124,048 33.8 243,046 320,869 77,823 24.3 -46,225 Vermont 407,940 157,460 38.6 250,480 302,645 52, 165 17.2 -105,295 416, 672 168,542 40.4 248, 130 295,859 47,729 16.1 -120,813 Massachusetts . . . 2, 218, 157 356,337 16.1 1,861,820 2,295,924 434, 104 18.9 -1-77,767 1,842,703 299,614 16.3 1,543,089 1,944, 216 401,127 20.6 -M01,513 Rhode Island 340,098 72,982 21.5 267,116 361,826 94, 710 26.2 4-21,728 275, 119 61,358 22.3 213, 761 292, 656 78,895 27.0 -f 17, 5.37 Connecticut 773, 671 166,597 21.5 607,074 781,754 174,680 22.3 -f8,083 659,629 142,254 21.6 517, 375 668,315 150,940 22.6 -1-8,686 Middle Atlantic: • New York 6,964,461 1,317,398 18.9 5,647,063 6,333,679 686, 616 10.8 -630,782 6,123,807 1,289,866 21.1 4,833,941 5,337,873 503,932 9.4 -785, 934 New Jersey 1,614,674 270,510 16.8 1,344,164 1,869,239 525,075 28.1 -t- 254, 565 1,296,047 231,648 17.9 1,064,399 1,447,266 382,867 26.5 -4151.219 Pennsylvania 6, 763,717 1,125,454 16.6 5,638,263 6, 207, 467 569,204 9.2 -556,250 5,758,263 937,463 16.3 4,820,800 5,304,828 484,028 9.1 -453. 435 E. North Central: Ohio 4,713,009 1, 166,018 24.7 3,546,991 4, 154,343 607,352 14.6 -558,666 4,304,002 1, 114, 165 25.9 3, 189,837 3,687,517 497,680 13.5 -616. 485 TnHiftnfl. 2,805,516 774, 171 27.6 2,031,345 2,532,765 501,420 19.8 -272,751 2,517,668 641,280 25.5 1,876,388 2,368,859 492, 471 20.8 -148, 809 Ulinois 4,714,723 1,308,085 27.7 3,406,638 4, 403, 827 997, 189 22.6 -310,896 3,906,494 1,012,637 25.9 2,893,857 3,837,761 943,904 24.6 -68,733 Michigan 2,168,645 407,560 18.8 1,761,085 2, 197,411 436,326 19.9 -1-28,766 1,744,352 288,737 16.6 1,455,615 1,868, 169 407,554 21.9 -4118,817 Wisconsin 2,077,862 519,407 25.0 1,558,455 1,814,984 256,529 14.1 -262,878 1,687,940 383,022 22.7 1,304,918 1,647,701 242,783 15.7 -140, 239 W. North Central; Minnesota 1,446, 106 324, 730 22.5 1, 121,376 1,523,513 402, 137 26.4 4-77,407 1,062,813 168,794 15.9 894,019 1,239,020 345,001 27.8 -4176, 207 Iowa 2,218,420 801,836 36.1 1,416,584 1,941,358 524,774 27.0 -277,062 1,872,717 554,340 29.6 1,318,377 1,918,730 600,353 31.3 -446,013 Missouri 3, 141,883 918,958 29.2 2,222,925 3,045,663 822, 738 27.0 -96,220 2,660,208 614,957 23.2 2,035,251 2,879,507 844,256 29.3 -4229,299 North Dakota. .. 245,810 47,963 19.5 197,847 414,843 216,996 52.3 4-169,033 132, 894 24, 164 18.2 108,730 204,518 95,788 46.8 -471,624 South Dakota . . . 305,604 80, 479 26.3 225, 125 479,887 254, 762 53.1 4-174,283 203,561 43,341 21.3 160,220 311, 165 150, 945 48.5 -4107,604 Nebraska 839,783 244,232 29.1 595,551 1,009,607 414, 056 41.0 4-169,824 606,342 145,280 24.0 461,062 885,678 424,616 47.9 -4279, :i36 Kansas 1,251,574 427,946 34.2 828,628 1,546,596 722,968 46.7 4-295,022 920, 124 289,803 31.5 630,321 1,338,657 708,336 52.9 -4418.533 South Atlantic: Delaware 197,813 60,682 30.7 137, 131 184, 416 47,285 25.6 -13,397 185,064 55,518 30.0 129,546 170, 481 40,935 24.0 -14,583 Maryland 1,297, 179 270, 824 20.9 1,026,355 1, 188, 138 161,783 13.6 —109,041 1, 199, 255 242,638 20.2 956,617 1,091,754 135. 137 12.4 -107,501 Dist. Columbia. . 185,453 46, 102 24.9 189,351 303,974 164, 623 54.2 4-118,521 154,848 34,953 22.6 119,895 258,067 138, 172 53.5 -4103,219 Virginia 2, 464, 845 621,693 25.2 1,843, 152 2, 032, 038 188,886 9.3 -432,807 2, 287, 871 587, 418 25.7 1,700,453 1,832,615 132, 162 7.2 —455,256 West Virginia. . . 1,118,754 187, 677 16.8 931,077 1,161,002 229,925 19.8 4-42,248 887, 896 122,330 13.8 765,566 933,668 168, 102 18.0 -445, 772 North Carolina. . 2, 470, 495 380, 767 15.4 2, 089, 728 2,198,333 108,605 4.9 -272, 162 2, 133, 653 329,625 15.4 1,804,028 1,887,399 83,371 4.4 -246, 254 South Carolina . . 1,692,548 261,520 15.5 1,431,028 1,508,024 76,996 ' 5.1 -184,524 1,512,864 233,292 15.4 1,279,572 l,3;i4,090 54,518 4.1 -178,774 Georgia 2,828,309 463,960 16.4 2,364,349 2,585,894 221,545 8.6 -242,415 2, 420, 707 410,299 16.9 2,010,408 2, 200, 295 189,887 8.6 -220,412 Florida 515, 428 52,425 10.2 463,003 707,839 244,836 34.6 4-192,411 379,417 36,599 9.6 :i42,818 502,648 159,830 31.8 -4123. 231 E. South Central; Kentucky 2,704,675 673, 290 24.9 2,031,385 2,246,902 215,517 9.6 -457, 773j 2,427,381 542,043 22.3 1,885,338 2,092,777 207, 439 9.9 -334, 004 Tennessee 2,544, 434 671, 207 26.4 1,873,227 2, 159, 646 286, 419 13.3 -384, 788 2,300,392 566, 405 24.6 1,733,987 1,999,357 265.370 13.3 -301,035 Alabama 2,316,790 458,874 19.8 1, 857, 916 2,114,947 257,031 12.2 -201,843 1,975,215 397,845 20.1 1,577,370 1,811,114 233,744 12.9. -164,101 Mississippi 1,915,124 351,285 18.3 1,563,839 1,782,607 218, 768 12.3 -132,517 1,622,178 296,181 18.3 1,325,997 1,541,286 215, 289 14.0 —80,892 W. South Central; Arkansas 1,397,657 341, 717 24.4 1,055,940 1,550,015 494,075 31.9 4-152 358 1,073,631 223,868 20.9 849, 763 1, 293, 303 443,540 34.3 -4219,672 Louisiana 1,599,273 193,337 12.1 1,405,936 1,596,245 190,309 11.9 -3,028 1,301,714 132,405 10.2 1,169,309 1,. 326, 219 156,910 11.8 -424,505 Oklahoma 626,452 111,240 17.8 515,212 1,608,056 1,092,844 68.0 4-981,604 240,742 31,678 13.2 209,064 765,867 556,803 72.7 -4525, 125 Texas 3,135,026 404,269 12.9 2,730,757 3,638,665 907,908 25.0 4-503,639 2,239,298 207, 723 9.3 2,031,575 2,859,430 827,855 29.0 -4620, 132 Mountain; Montana 132, 164 32,850 24.9 99,314 277,097 177, 783 64.2 4-144,933 76,743 14,044 18.3 62,699 174,316 111,617 64.0 -497,573 Idaho 122,388 32, 163 26.3 90,225 280,288 190. 063 67.8 4-157,900 60,496 12,074 20.0 48,422 136,544 88, 122 64.5 -476,048 Wyoming 51,079 19,297 37.8 31, 782 116,051 84, 269 72.6 4-64, 972 30, 167 10,660 35.3 19,507 74, 750 56,243 73.9 -444,583 Colorado 323,334 89,818 27.8 233,516 663,780 430,264 64.8 4-340, 446 193, 907 42,226 21.8 151,681 442,877 291, 196 65.8 -4248,970 New Mexico 218, 693 33,944 15.5 184, 749 302,703 117,954 39.0 4-84,010 162,967 19, 751 12.1 143, 216 181,020 37,804 20.9 -418,053 Arizona 96,273 17,324 18.0 78,949 153,648 74,699 48.6 4-57,375 59,310 6,530 11.0 52,780 97,949 45,169 46.1 1-38,639 Utah 304,968 61, 914 20.3 243,054 303,709 60,655 20.0 -1,259 220,420 38,534 17.5 181,886 222,032 40, 146 18.1 -41,612 Nevada 40,397 18, 757 46.4 21,640 61,340 39,700 64.7 4-20,943 31,848 13,911 43.7 17,937 31,981 14,044 43.9 -4133 Pacific: Washington 318,619 55,925 17.6 262,694 870,920 608,226 69.8 4-552,301 159,918 26,983 16.9 132,935 398,542 265,607 66.6 -4238,624 Oregon 293,640 68,538 23.3 225,102 554,640 329,538 59.4 4-261,000 208,011 43,580 21.0 164,431 345,520 181,089 52.4 -4137,509 California 1,004,607 100,611 10.0 903,996 1,767,232 863,236 48.8 4-762,625 731,348 70,068 1 9.6 661,280 1, 105, 108 1 443,828 40.2 -4373, 760 POPULATION BORN IN AND LIVINO IN THE UNITED STATE.S' AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED: 1900 • Exclusive of outlying possessions. 180 ABSTOACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION WIIJTE AND NEGRO POPULATION BORN IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE LIVING IN OTHER STATES, AND WHITE AND NEGRO POPULATION LIVING IN EACH STATE, WITH NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE BORN IN OTHER STATES: 1910. NEGRO PERSONS BORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES 1 AND WITH STATE OF BIRTH REPORTED. Born in the specified state. Bom in and living in the specified state. Living in the specified state. Gain(-i-) or loss (-) through inter- state migra- tion. Total. Living in other states. Total. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 9,746,043 1, 616, 608 16.6 8,129,435 9,746,043 1, 616, 608 16.6 1,585 783 49.4 802 1,112 310 27.9 -473 506 272 53.8 234 515 281 54.6 ■f9 1,045 608 58.2 437 1,546 1,109 71.7 4-501 19,078 4,125 21.6 14,953 31,641 16,688 52.7 4-12,563 5,401 1,317 24.4 4,084 8,597 4,513 52.5 4-3, 190 10, 184 2,888 28.4 7,296 14,698 7,402 50.4 4-4,514 61,580 11,830 19.2 49, 750 120,029 70,279 58.6 4-58, 449 45,312 8,295 18.3 37,017 87,762 50, 745 57.8 4-42,450 105,253 20,293 19.3 84,960 190,738 105,778 55. 5 4-85,486 76, 044 16,850 22.2 59, 194 109, 643 50, 449 46.0 4-33,599 34,794 9,570 27.5 25,224 59,812 34,588 57.8 4-25,018 48,564 12, 647 26.0 35,917 106,141 70,224 66.2 4-57,577 11,576 3,384 29.2 8, 192 14,516 6,324 43.6 4-2,940 2,248 1,077 47.9 1, 171 2,763 1,592 57.6 4-515 2,738 1,182 43.2 1,556 6,688 5, 132 76.7 4- ,3, 950 8,736 3,483 39.9 5,253 14, 702 9,449 64.3 4-5,966 149,218 39,269 26.3 109, 949 155,248 45,299 29.2 4-6,030 297 195 65.7 102 592 490 82.8 4-295 495 356 71.9 139 782 643 82.2 4-287 2,846 1, 189 41.8 1,657 7,397 5,740 77.6 4-4,551 33,786 10,852 32.1 22,934 53,204 30,270 56.9 4-19,418 32, 664 9,996 30. 6 22,668 31,067 8,399 27.0 -1,597 262,540 60,946 23.2 201,594 231,363 29,769 12.9 -31,177 52,282 11,823 22.6 40,459 93,517 53,058 56.7 4-41,235 876,806 253,334 28.9 623,472 670,042 4t),570 7.0 -206,764 36,417 9,257 25.4 27,160 63,733 36.573 57.4 4-27,316 806,537 143,143 17.7 663,394 696,786 33,392 4,8 -109,751 956,605 135,547 14.2 821,058 835,126 14,068 1.7 -121,479 1,248.352 151,095 12.1 1,097,257 1,173,078 75,821 6.5 -75,274 215,110 16,614 7. 7 198,496 299,774 101,278 33.8 4-84,664 323,794 90,340 27.9 233,454 260,916 27,462 10.5 -62.878 517,072 123,899 24.0 393, 173 470,878 77,705 16.5 -46, 194 971,167 131,346 13.5 839,821 905,802 05,981 7.3 -65,365 1,0.32,565 132,875 12.9 899. OiK) 1,006,126 106, 436 10.6 -26,439 334,589 38,549 11.5 296,040 440, 105 144.065 32.7 4-105,516 726,496 83,763 11,5 642, 733 710, 755 68,022 9.6 -15,741 61,334 5,358 10.4 45,97(: 136,396 90,420 66.3 4-85,062 6(H.823 62,062 9.3 602,761 684.644 81,883 12.0 4-19,821 665 326 49. 0 339 1,706 1,367 80.1 4-1,041 468 399 85.3 69 608 539 88.7 4-140 314 161 51.3 163 2, 146 1.993 92.9 4-1,832 3,513 1,357 38.6 2,156 11,096 8,940 80.6 4-7,58:1 941 631 56.4 410 1,577 1,167 74.0 4-636 6:i8 2.51 46.7 287 1,945 1,658 85.2 4-1,407 627 365 69.3 162 1,009 847 83.9 4-482 376 3.32 88.3 44 484 440 90. 9 4-108 1,546 1,012 05.6 634 5,591 5,057 90.4 4-4,04i") 398 204 61.3 194 1,387 1,193 86.0 ■1 989 6,318 1,258 19. 9 6,060 20,260 15,200 75.0 4-13,942 Table WHITE PERSONS HORN IN AND LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES' AND WITH STATE OK BIRTH REPORTED. STATE. Born in the siiecifiod state. Born in I.iving in the specified state. Total. Living in other states. and living in the specified ToUd. Bom in other states. Number. Per cent. state. Number. Per cent. United States 68,070,294 15, 264, 203 22.4 52,806,091 68,070,294 15,264,203 22.4 New England; Maine 789, 434 212,251 26.9 577, 183 626,824 49,641 7.9 New Hampshire... 374,992 126,609 33.8 248,383 330, 644 82,261 24.9 Vermont 406,871 156, 838 38.5 250, a33 301,082 51,049 17.0 Massachusetts 2, 198, ,323 352, 104 16.0 1,846,219 2, 202,899 416,680 18.4 Khode Island ,334,490 71,643 21.4 262,847 352,889 90,042 25.5 Connecticut 763,266 163, 630 21.4 599, 636 766,819 167, 183 21.8 Middle .\tlantic: New York 6,896,408 1,304,893 18.9 5, 591,515 6,207,015 615,500 9.9 New Jersey 1,569,239 262, 143 16.7 1,307,096 1,781,082 473,986 26.6 Pennsylvania 6, 658,068 1, 104,976 16.6 5,553,092 6,014,940 461,848 7. 7 E. North Central: Ohio 4,636,712 1, 148,992 24.8 3,487,720 4,044,406 556, 686 13.8 Indiana 2,770,353 764, 460 27.6 2,005,893 2, 472, 618 466, 725 18.9 Illinois 4,665,846 1,295,278 27.8 3,370,568 4,296,965 926,397 21.6 Michigan 2,149,417 403, 666 18.8 1,745,751 2, 175, 508 429, 757 19.8 Wisconsin 2,065,339 517,556 25. 1 1,547,783 1,802,096 254,313 14. 1 W. North Central; Minnesota 1, 433, 733 322,375 22.5 1,111,358 1,507,839 396,481 26.3 Iowa 2,209, 192 798, 185 36. ! 1,411,007 1,926,282 515,275 26.7 Missouri 2, 991,932 879, 112 29.4 2,112,820 2,890,027 777,207 26.9 North Dakota 239,110 46, 668 19.5 192, 442 408,237 215, 795 52.9 South Dakota 288, 453 78,975 27.4 209, 478 460,579 251, 101 54. 5 -Nebraska 832, 777 241,509 29.0 591,268 998,757 407, 489 40.8 Kansas 1,214,987 4 15, .583 .34.2 799, 404 1,491,029 091,625 46.4 South Atlantic: Delaware 165,143 50,680 30.7 114,463 153, 347 .38,884 25.4 Maryland 1.034.596 209,, 854 20. 3 824,742 956,638 131.890 13.8 Dist. Columbia... 133,056 34,213 25.7 98,843 210,295 111,452 53.0 Virginia 1,587,404 368, 233 23.2 1,219,171 1,301,422 142,251 10.4 West Virginia 1,082,284 178,399 16.5 903.885 1.097,205 193,320 17.6 North Carolina 1 , 655 , 835 237,229 14.3 1,418,006 1,493,679 75,073 5.0 South Carolina 735. 470 125,793 17.1 609, 677 672,555 62,878 9.3 Georgia 1,579,236 312,219 19.8 1,267,017 1.412,666 145,649 10.3 Florida 300, 195 35.740 11.9 264 , 455 407.958 143,503 35.2 E. South Central: Kentucky 2,380,524 582,790 24.5 1,797.734 1.985,7:12 187,998 9.5 Tennessee 2,026,788 540.886 27.0 1,479,902 1,688,549 208, 647 12.4 Alabama 1,344,469 327,202 24.3 1,017,267 1,208,219 190. 952 15. K Mississippi 880,060 217, 163 24.7 662,897 775, 176 112.279 14.5 W. South Central; Arkansas 1,062,034 302.387 28.5 759,647 1,109,436 349,789 31.5 Louisiana 871,758 109, 389 12.5 762,369 884,532 122,163 13.8 Oklahoma 507,652 104. 647 20.6 403,005 l.:i97,343 994,, 3,38 71.2 Texas 2,468,356 340.933 13.8 2, 127, 423 2,9,53.269 825,. S46 28.0 Mountain: Montana 121,383 31,476 25. 9 89,007 2M,8lil 174,954 66. 1 Idaho 11,8,618 31.501 26. 6 87.117 276, 160 189,043 68.5 Wyoming 48,374 18.167 37.6 ;i0,207 1I2,36S 82, 102 73. 1 Colorado 317,945 87,681 27.6 230,264 651, 149 420. 885 64. 6 New Mexico 197,037 .32.770 16. ( 164, 267 280, 602 110,335 41.5 Arizona 66,295 15,816 23. 9 .50,479 122,883 72,404 58. y Utah 302,021 61,442 20. 3 240,579 2ft0,582 59,oo:i 19.7 Nevada 34,852 18,0.57 51.8 16, 795 .55,602 38,807 69.8 Pacihc: Washington 305,022 54,050 17.7 250,972 853, 404 602,. 522 70.6 Oregon 287,645 67,573 23. 5 220,072 547,322 327,250 50.8 California 067,300 94,467 9.8 872,833 1,719,712 846,879 49. 2 Gam( + ) or loss (-) through inter- state migra- tion. -162,610 -44,348 -105,789 4-64,576 4- 18, .399 4-3,553 -689,393 4-211,843 -643, 128 -592,306 -297, 735 -368,881 4-26,091 -263,243 4-74, 106 —282, 910 - 101, 905 4- 169, 127 4-172,126 4-165,980 4-276,042 -11,796 -77,958 4-77,239 -225,982 -i- 14, 921 -162,156 -02,915 -166,570 4-107,763 4-12,774 4-889, 691 4-484,913 ' Kxclusive of oiil lying possessions. STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION 181 NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910. POPULATION BORN IN~ DIVISION OR STATE OF Total native Gcograi)hic division. State not specified. Out- RESIDENCE. born : I'JIO United Slates. Now Eng- land. Middle ■Atlantic. Ea.st North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Contral. Moun- tain. I’aeific. lying posses- sions.! United States 78,456,380 78,381,104 4,907,215 15,342,852 16,479,755 9,449,180 12,770,824 9,481,023 6, 758, 408 1,289,296 1,616,866 285,685 75 , 276 Geographic divisions; New England 4, 727,571 4,713,412 4,338,452 252,017 38,219 13,664 40, 741 5,428 4, 164 .3, 940 5, 463 11,. 324 14,159 Middle .\tlantic 14, 464, 719 14,449,409 219, 782 13,461,446 215,559 50,210 393,2.30 29,992 14,777 11,997 13,392 .39,024 15,310 East North Central 15, 176,855 15, 161,277 97,614 658,099 13,402,685 337,2.30 203,06:5 3:J9,296 32,229 17,919 15, 195 .57,947 15, .578 West North Central 10,021,226 10,014,417 73,396 338,310 1, 420, 484 7,608,995 122,027 2.36, 667 105,493 .38,351 17, 744 52,950 6,809 South Atlantic 11,894,901 11,892,399 29,808 200, 437 114, 568 23,632 11,292,714 182, 899 17, 386 3,879 4,3:i5 22,741 2, 502 East South Central 8,322,076 8,321,346 .5,406 27,568 134,358 29,333 329,067 7,692,342 81, 925 2, 375 1,728 17,244 730 West South Central 8,432,342 8, 429, 177 11,368 61,474 313,673 497, 604 275,645 859,852 6, .347, 452 17,:378 8,535 36, 196 3,165 Mountain 2, 180, 195 2, 176,066 31,132 110,724 293,310 383,584 44,874 57,317 87, 482 1, 101,006 49, 187 17,450 4, 129 Pacific 3,2.36, 495 3,223,601 100,257 232,777 546, 899 504,928 69,463 77,2.30 67,500 92,451 1,501,287 30,809 12,894 New England: Maine 631,809 630,0.39 614,579 7,005 2,610 1,472 1,491 421 Z33 344 593 1,291 1,770 New Hampshire 333,905 332,296 317,369 9, 183 1,952 857 925 229 178 228 270 1,105 1,609 Vermont 306,035 303,826 275,058 22,046 2,204 1,127 982 516 203 271 238 1,181 2,209 Massachusetts 2,307, 171 2, .300, 413 2, 133,335 101,860 21,124 7,084 22, 059 2,811 2,422 1,938 3,291 4,489 6,7.58 Rhode Island 363, 469 362,757 332, 191 18,648 3,072 998 5,283 531 408 338 357 931 712 Connecticut 785, 182 784,081 665, 920 93,275 7,257 2,126 10,00] 920 720 821 714 2,327 1,101 Middle Atlantic: New York : 6,365,603 6,355,376 154, 921 5,911,363 96,261 25,680 106, 686 15,214 9,007 6,117 8,430 21, 697 10, 227 New Jersey 1,876,379 1,874,577 36,003 1,730,410 20, 169 5,643 67, 401 .3,855 2,009 1,946 1,803 5,338 1,802 Pennsylvania 6,222,737 6,219,456 28,858 5,819,673 99, 129 18,887 219, 143 10,923 3,761 3, 934 3, 159 11,989 3,281 East North Central; Ohio 4, 168, 747 4,166,373 17,739 209,983 3,684,342 29, 141 106,584 95,504 5,662 2,820 2,568 12,030 2,374 Indiana 2,541,213 2, 540, 456 5,741 53,704 2,296,222 30,955 32,051 105,701 4,656 2,299 1,436 7,691 757 Illinois 4, 433, 277 4,429,948 37,533 180,850 3, 785, 932 190,546 51,057 125,716 18,108 7,728 6,357 26, 121 3,329 Michigan 2,212,623 2,204,978 19,670 153, 870 1,976,061 23,752 8,952 7,851 2,368 2,627 2,260 7,567 7,645 Wisconsin 1,820,995 1,819,522 16,931 59,692 1, 660, 128 62,836 4,419 4,524 1,435 2,445 2,574 4,538 1,473 West North Central: Miimesota 1,532,113 1,530,532 23,251 53, 756 199,064 1,227,121 6,266 5,496 1,948 3,931 2,680 7,019 1,581 Iowa 1,951,006 1,949,754 14,523 79, 491 286,047 1,517,862 17,754 13,655 4,626 4,721 2,679 8,396 1,252 Missouri 3,063,556 3,062,454 10,310 59,529 337,038 2, 366, .528 51, 124 153, 191 55,730 7,617 4,596 16,791 1,102 North Dakota 420,402 419,744 3,559 13, 449 69,498 .319,883 3,304 1,826 812 1,639 873 4,901 ()58 South Dakota 483,098 482,617 4,361 17,673 86, 130 360, 160 3,322 2,430 1,458 3,347 1,006 2,730 481 Nebraska 1,015,552 1,014,745 8,058 47,209 161,283 755,729 12, 135 9,954 4,920 8,012 2,307 5,138 807 Kansas 1,555,499 1,554,571 9,334 67,2a3 281, 424 1,061,712 28, 122 50,115 .35,999 9,084 3,603 7,975 928 South Atlantic: Delaw’are 184, &30 184, 764 1,073 21,159 1,140 395 160, 133 291 81 65 79 .348 65 Maryland 1.190,402 1,189,881 4,937 53,645 8,933 2,962 1,112,457 2, 750 1,162 559 733 1,74.3 521 District of Columbia 306, 167 305, 742 7,346 26, 702 12.317 4,207 245,56.5 4,637 1,812 621 767 1,768 425 Virginia 2,0.34,555 2,034, 169 3,969 25,469 12, 457 4,172 1,958,809 23,827 1.837 SOO 698 2, 131 •386 West Virginia 1,163,901 1, 163, 706 1,258 43,086 51,841 2, 773 1,037,326 22,330 916 501 971 2,704 195 North Carolina 2. 200, 195 2,200,055 1,737 5,968 3,542 1,371 2,172,504 11,349 1,375 255 232 1,722 140 South Carolina 1,509,221 1,509, 132 1,033 2, 789 1,467 556 1, 495, 677 5,342 896 180 84 1,108 89 Georgia 2,593,644 2,593,323 2,841 8,441 8,216 2.957 2,493,462 63, 949 5, 148 516 .364 7,429 321 Florida 711,986 711,627 5,614 13, 178 14. 6,55 4,239 616, 781 48,424 4,159 382 407 3,788 .3.59 East South Central: Kentucky 2, 249, 743 2,249,528 1,527 9, 166 81,926 10,241 36, 254 2,101,159 5,409 696 524 2,626 215 Tetmessee 2, 166, 182 2, 165,940 1,970 9,475 29,418 10,619 95,981 1,991,097 19,587 854 645 6,294 242 Alabama 2,118,807 2,118,636 1,335 6, 357 14,507 4,144 148,212 1,928,437 11,106 540 309 3,689 171 Mississippi 1,787,344 1,787,242 574 2,570 8,507 4,329 48,620 1,671,649 45,82:5 285 250 4,635 102 West South Central; Arkansas 1,557,403 1,557,208 1,271 7,231 64,668 69, 155 65,453 211,402 1,128,312 1,548 975 7,193 195 Louisiana 1,603,622 1,60.3,041 1,599 6,655 13,070 9,980 27,476 89,467 1,446,748 599 651 6,796 581 Oklahoma 1,616,713 1,616,206 3,018 24,503 157,663 326,989 52,094 167,345 866, 750 6,810 2,884 8, 150 507 Te.xas 3. 654, 604 3, 652, 722 5,480 23,085 78. 272 91,480 1.30,622 391,638 2,905,642 8, 421 4,025 14,057 1,882 Mountain: Montana 281,340 *280,585 6,012 17,866 54,938 69,422 5,419 .5,687 3, 626 108,402 5,725 3,488! 7.55 Idaho 283,016 282, 425 3,269 11,447 41, 133 58, 419 6,307 5,465 5,268 130, 136 18,844 2, 137 591 Wyoming 116, 945 116,751 2,110 8,055 18, 979 33,619 .3,027 2,836 2,640 4.3,594 1,191 700 194 Colorado 669,437 668,534 12, 772 50,339 124, 890 165,600 16,800 20,230 16, 584 252,319 4.246 4,754! ttO.3 New Mexico 304, 155 303,817 1,246 5.292 18,072 24, 039 5,172 13,275 43, 129 191,282 1, 196 1,114 3.38 Arizona 155,589 155,005 1,987 6,324 14, 057 12,26.3 3, 732 5,428 13,336 89,425 7,096 1.3S7j 584 Utah 307,529 306, 928 1,927 6,990 13,402 13,62.3 3,114 3,056 1,587 257,387 2,623 3,219 601 Nevada 62, 184 62,021 1,809 4,411 7,839 6,599 1,303 1.340 1.312 28,461 8,266 681 163 Pacific: Washington 885, 749 882,241 22,979 60, 709 193, 141 196,425 23, 108 21,415 15, 186 27,933 310,024 11.321 3, .508 Oregon 559, 629 558,369 9,962 30,888 96,802 105,534 10,577 12,098 10,311 17,674 260, 794 3,729! 1,260 California 1,791,117 1,782, 991 67,310 141, 180 256, 956 202,969 35,778 43,717 42,003 46, 844 930, 469 15, 750' 8,126 1 Includes also persons bom at sea under United States flag and American citizens born abroad. 182 ABSTRACT OF CENSUS— POPULATION NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH BORN: 1910— Continued. Tubic I G— (>)niinuo(i. POPULATION BORN IN— DIVIHION OR STATE OF New England division. Middle Atlantic division, j East North Central division. KKSIUENCE. Maine. New Hamp- shire. Ver- mont. Massa- chnsotts. RhoBo Island. Con- necti- cut. New York. New Jersey. Pcnnsyl- 1 vania. Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Michi- gan. Wiscon- sin. United States 791, 827 375, 622 407, 940 2,218,157 340, 098 773, 671 6,964,461 1, 614, 674 6, 763, 717 4, 713, 009 2, 805,516 4,714,723 2, 168, 645 2, 077, 862 Geociiapuic divisions;^ New Knglaiui Middle Atlantic I'last North Central West North t^entral South Atlantic Cast South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 700, 7.'i8 17, 701 1.3, 050 10, 401 4,807 811 2, 330 7,675 27, 508 340, 038 9, 227 7, 090 6,364 2,001 393 926 2,358 7,059 322, 744 28, 466 18, 755 16, 343 2, 524 543 1,668 4,870 12, 027 1,999,329 89, 151 37, 836 22, 547 12,527 2, 365 4,284 11,274 38, 844 311,786 13, 663 3,900 2,476 2,173 335 552 1,142 4,071 663, 797 61.514 16.377 9,205 5,656 959 1,602 3,813 10, 748 195, 278 6,014,059 325, 116 159, 935 51,334 11,537 26,505 52,284 127, 813 22. 778 1,509,815 26. 779 14, 423 15, 808 1,530 3,228 6,301 14,012 33, 901 5, 936, 972 300,204 163, 952 133, 295 14,501 34 741 52, 139 90, 952 10, 086 110, 773 3,954, 072 204, 974 71,981 55,857 02, 551 63, 108 119,007 3,009 19, 049 2,296,813 225, 400 13,421 43,702 78, 462 44,942 79, 938 10, 786 41,463 3, 592, 391 014,506 15, 036 25, 246 144,086 104,813 166,390 9,027 30, 579 1, 896, 829 77,362 9, 153 6,117 15,486 36, 569 87,523 4,651 13,095 1,662,580 238, 182 4, 977 3,376 13,088 43,878 94,036 New England: Maine 578, 739 10, 621 2,569 19,899 1,251 1,500 4,583 095 1,727 704 244 559 644 459 New Hampshire 15,992 248,629 19, 603 30, 090 1,358 1,637 7,490 647 1,040 424 125 .513 598 292 Vermont 2,442 9,794 250, 480 10,389 546 1,407 20, 599 450 997 505 135 608 446 510 Massachusetts 94,515 64, 503 41,4:19 1,861,820 32, 553 38,505 77, 522 8,677 15, 061 5,787 1,612 0,253 5,230 2,242 Rhode Island 4, 778 3,261 3,032 40, 330 267,116 13, 074 12,375 2,335 3,938 954 280 753 701 384 Connecticut 4.292 3,230 5,501 36, 801 8,962 607, 074 72, 709 9, 974 10, 592 2,312 673 2,100 1,408 704 Middle Atlantic: New York 11,188 6, 198 24,013 60,900 8,740 43, 882 5,647,063 99,068 165,232 34, 913 8,610 23,635 20,804 8,299 Near Jersey 3,297 1,020 2,043 15, 149 2,614 11,280 252, 769 1,344, 104 133,477 7,945 2,261 5,702 2, 777 1,484 Pennsylvania 3,276 1,409 2,410 13, 102 2,309 6,352 114,827 66,583 5, 638, 203 67, 915 8, 778 12, 126 6,998 3, 312 East North Central: Ohio 1,675 1,127 2,394 7,614 788 4,141 57,368 0, 740 145, 875 3,546,991 06, 794 25, 753 38,921 5,883 Indiana 686 443 840 2,402 290 1,080 10, 771 2,933 34,000 157,119 2,031,345 80,527 22,306 4, 805 Illinois 4,515 2,895 6,433 16, 280 1,609 5,801 92, 300 10, 434 78,116 122, 391 143, 188 3, 406, 038 40, 419 67,296 Michigan 2,913 1,377 4,334 6, 889 661 3,496 116,847 4,525 32, 498 109,932 45,597 33,360 1, 761, 085 26,081 Wisconsin 3,861 1,254 4, 754 4,651 552 1,859 41,830 2,147 15, 715 17,639 9,889 46, 107 28, 038 1,558,455 We.st North Central; Minnesota 8,024 1,927 4, 467 6,234 618 1,981 35,460 2,025 16,271 18,226 11,081 40, 192 26,217 96, 748 Iowa 2,142 1,535 4, 237 4,112 499 1,998 36, 143 3, 183 40, 165 61,851 37,852 138,310 9, 511 38,523 Missouri 1,403 759 1,474 4, 529 484 1,661 26, 173 3,107 30,249 64,616 64,237 186, 091 10, 124 11,370 North Dakota 1,036 275 780 991 99 378 7,554 460 5,429 6, 499 9, 416 16,903 6,677 30,003 South Dakota 947 384 1,205 1,196 141 488 10, 100 646 6,867 8,682 7,498 32, 360 6,380 31,210 Nebraska 1,318 690 1,909 2, 497 329 1.315 21,019 2, 231 23, 959 31,204 25,483 77, 709 8,243 18,644 Kansas 1,591 794 2,271 2,988 306 1,384 23. 420 2, 7G5 41,012 73, 896 69, 293 116,341 10,210 11,684 South Atlantic: Delaware 1.35 69 77 405 73 314 2,560 2,825 15,774 425 159 275 210 71 Maryland 979 199 316 2, 197 353 893 9,517 3,491 40,637 4, 151 1,255 1,792 1, 129 606 District of Columbia 1,101 568 682 3,254 506 1,235 11,536 2,653 12,513 5,093 2,059 2, 774 1,449 942 Virginia 605 268 276 1,754 298 768 8,850 2,803 13,816 5,438 1,697 2,167 1,784 1,371 West Virginia 248 100 157 524 68 161 3,501 841 38,744 46,814 2,550 1,420 760 297 North Carolina 268 141 203 668 134 323 2,315 590 3,063 1,393 818 600 469 202 South Carolina 126 74 82 408 186 157 1,365 299 1, 125 542 261 339 218 107 Georgia 388 179 241 1,256 231 546 4, 433 889 3,119 3,222 1,752 1,805 972 405 Florida 1,017 463 490 2,061 324 1,259 7,257 1,417 4,504 4,903 2,870 3,744 2, 162 976 East South Central: Kentucky 163 73 125 811 96 259 3,614 532 5,020 38,857 30,830 10, 188 1,328 723 Tennessee 317 164 239 780 128 342 4, 181 535 4,759 10, 229 7,812 7,726 2,494 1, 157 Alabama 213 108 117 554 86 257 2,509 328 3,520 4,955 2,974 4, 129 1,388 1,061 Mississippi 118 48 62 220 25 101 1,2.33 135 1,202 1,816 2, 146 3,203 907 435 We,st South Central: ArkaiLsas 209 no 212 475 80 185 3,096 371 3,764 9,832 16,831 33, 682 2, 592 1,731 ImULsiana 234 68 147 845 70 235 3,830 411 2,414 3,276 2, 613 4, 727 1,558 .896 Oklahoma 642 275 633 909 126 433 8, .392 976 15, 135 33,094 41,249 71,0.S5 6,115 6,120 Texas 1,251 473 676 2,055 276 749 11,187 1,470 10, 428 16,349 17,769 34,592 5,221 4,341 Mount.ain: Montana 1,908 434 975 1,905 197 593 8, 464 990 8,406 » 8,4.50 6,208 14, ,527 . 10, 825 14, 928 Idaho 1,048 233 550 1,034 99 305 5,237 510 5, 700 7, 039 5,545 13, 172 6, 126 9,251 Wyoming 414 207 366 801 94 228 3, 640 422 3, 993 1,323 .3,047 7,331 1,751 2,627 tkilorado 2,610 947 2,024 4,828 508 1,855 23,802 2,911 23,596 30, 573 21,219 49, 964 11,040 12,085 New Mexico .301 157 188 407 43 UiO 2,381 271 2, 640 4, 087 3,564 7,607 1,685 1, 129 Arizona 477 126 273 793 67 251 3, 082 424 2,818 3, .549 2,289 4,700 2,1«0 1,419 Utalr 394 138 285 787 78 245 3, .385 442 3,163 3, 169 2,029 5,024 1, 760 1, 420 No vndn 523 116 209 719 56 1.S6 2,293 295 1,823 1,918 1,041 2,488 1,273 1,119 Pachtc: Wiishington 8,050 1,593 2, 939 7,511 707 2, 179 31,706 2,707 26,296 32, .849 23, 773 51, 163 38,089 47,267 Oregon 2,911 787 1, ,556 3,218 354 1, 136 16,115 1,421 1.3,3.52 20,0,30 1-1,877 27, 942 15, 198 18, 755 California 10, 547 4.679 7,532 28, 115 3,010 7,433 79, 992 9,884 51,301 66, 128 •11,288 87,291 34,230 28,013 STATE OF BIRTH OF NATIVE POPULATION 183 NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WUICII BORN: 1910— Continued. Table 16-Contd. DIVISION OR STATE OK POPULATION HORN IN— West North Central division. RESIDENCE. Minne- sota. Iowa. Mis- souri. North Dako- ta. South Dako- ta. Ne- braska. Kansas. Dela- ware. Mary- land. Dist. Colum- bia. Vir- ginia. West Vir- ginia. North Caro- lina. South Caro- lina. Georgia. Flori- da. United States. . . 1,446,106 2,218,420 3,141,883 245,810 305,604 839,783 1,251,674 197,813 1,297,179 185,453 2,464,845 1,118,754 2,470,495 1,692,548 2,828,309 515,428 tjEOQRAPHIC DIMSIONS: New England 3,650 3,269 2,982 450 » 438 1,225 1,650 1,432 6,820 2,606 14,671 1,040 6,473 2,812 3,362 1,525 Middle Atlantic 7,041 11,628 18, 162 950 1,348 4,233 6,848 38,390 106, 081 15, 165 132,960 30,311 34,747 15, 931 14,316 5,329 E. North Central. .. 52,494 95,656 115,335 4,979 8, 194 23, 126 37,446 3,040 27,800 3,752 63,717 65, 718 20,561 4,971 10,942 2,562 W. North Central... 1,247,409 1,805,901 2,453,938 216,743 265,289 686,087 933,628 1,690 14, 667 2,025 51,076 21,337 16, 410 3,697 9,416 1,709 South Atlantic 2,912 5,444 8,490 490 728 2,087 3,481 149, 789 1,119,229 156,944 2,074,347 962,282 2,271,118 1,593,500 2,483,047 482, 4.58 E. Southcentral... 2,034 4,028 17,948 264 640 1,120 3,299 344 3,787 649 56, 959 9,051 53,386 30,953 161,989 11,949 W. South Central... 7,388 60,068 281,391 1,098 2,713 22,502 122, 444 524 5,349 994 39,655 10, 132 47,574 35,794 128,925 6,098 Mountain 35,109 101,362 111,730 7, 145 9,878 50,820 67,540 903 4,676 1,088 12,277 7,740 8,021 1,935 7, 138 1,096 Pacific 88,069 131,064 131,907 13,691 16,376 48,583 75,238 1,701 8,770 2,230 19, 183 11,143 12,205 2,955 9,174 2, 102 New England: Maine 658 247 181 105 50 96 135 54 433 IH 298 91 160 71 162 111 New Hampshire 232 237 136 48 42 67 95 36 174 77 272 45 107 59 97 58 Vermont 219 324 161 44 73 141 165 18 129 78 304 25 91 73 188 76 Massachusetts 1,875 1,672 1,752 169 167 • 604 845 681 3,520 1,394 7,961 457 3,832 1,624 1,787 803 Rhode Island 257 207 236 30 35 120 113 124 1,072 361 2,076 147 541 351 463 148 Connecticut 409 582 516 54 71 197 297 519 1,492 585 3,760 275 1,742 634 665 329 Middle Atlantic: New York 4,388 6,126 8,516 518 705 2,276 3, 151 3,048 17,360 6,309 40,856 2,646 14,450 10,098 8,692 3,227 New Jersey 775 1,342 2,055 98 164 449 760 8,423 15,545 2,589 26, 177 1,000 7,720 2,727 2,284 936 Peimsylvania 1,878 4,160 7,591 334 479 1,508 2,937 26,919 73, 176 6,267 65,927 26,665 12,577 3, 106 3,340 1, 166 East North Central: Ohio 2,538 7,704 9,548 432 502 2,533 5,884 885 11, 724 1,175 31,007 50,547 5,814 1,641 3, 154 637 Indiana 1,854 7,246 11,595 429 406 2,471 6,954 572 3,485 368 11,736 5, 194 8,183 630 1,581 302 Illinois 12,753 57,948 85,161 1,197 2,511 11,968 19,008 978 9,640 1,664 17,360 7,580 5,417 2,222 5, 101 1,095 Michigan 4,594 6,446 4,475 989 1,280 2,547 3,421 373 1,839 368 2,531 1,746 867 280 670 278 Wisconsin 30,755 16,312 4,556 1,932 3,495 3,607 2,179 232 1,112 177 1,083 651 280 198 436 250 West North Central: Minnesota 1,121,376 67,100 6,485 12,980 11,010 5, 165 3,005 218 1,312 313 1,736 937 524 258 695 273 Iowa 16,669 1,416,584 39,664 1,361 8,454 21,724 13,406 333 2,980 211 7,056 3,654 2,081 314 900 225 Missouri 4,207 56,893 2,222,925 570 1,449 13,733 66,751 457 4,520 777 24,629 6,330 7,258 1,540 4,989 624 North Dakota 68,972 30,553 4,785 197,847 12,669 3,484 1,573 63 401 38 1,164 724 659 101 97 67 South Dakota 27, 143 75,815 7,347 2,966 225,125 18,347 3,417 64 475 74 1,006 638 400 412 192 61 Nebraska 5,312 94,623 32,929 526 4,940 595,551 21,848 236 1,743 208 5,085 2,447 1,360 275 584 197 Kansas 3,730 64,333 139,803 493 1,642 28,083 823,628 319 3,236 404 10,400 6,607 4, 128 797 1,959 272 South Atlantic: Delaware 40 104 119 35 19 30 48 137, 131 19, 779 294 2,156 187 320 106 97 63 Maryland 393 634 1,156 69 73 261 376 9,715 1,026,355 10, 591 45,816 12,958 4,257 1,219 1,201 345 District of Columbia 603 1,098 1,387 72 114 332 601 806 41,523 1,39,351 52, 714 2,444 4,482 1,995 1,888 362 Virginia 645 850 1,323 143 227 450 534 1,288 15, 289 5, 149 1,843, 152 12, 957 73, 813 3,735 2,686 740 West Virginia 175 606 1,085 38 39 244 586 140 11,467 502 83,532 931, 077 9,174 655 610 169 North Carolina 100 235 482 25 40 238 251 246 1,626 273 29,939 903 2,089,728 42,525 6,589 675 South Carolina 75 104 224 18 28 39 68 77 650 115 3, 422 254 42,749 1,431,028 16,373 1,009 Georgia 355 771 1,131 33 98 212 357 160 1,398 418 8,709 492 28, 953 72,891 2,364,349 10,092 Florida 526 1,042 1,583 57 90 281 660 226 1,142 251 4,907 1,010 17,642 39, 340 89,254 463,003 East South CJentral: Kentucky 312 936 7,019 108 42 266 1,558 105 1,124 178 18,541 7,136 4, 994 957 2,832 387 Tennessee 677 1,405 0,690 90 332 429 996 101 1,002 228 23, 229 1,185 29,066 6,314 33,895 961 Alabama 441 857 1,862 49 199 268 468 88 812 163 7,638 488 8,772 14,237 107,643 8,371 Mississippi 604 830 2,377 17 67 157 277 50 849 80 7,551 242 10,554 9,445 17, 619 2,230 West South Central: Arkansas 806 5,286 .54,046 110 262 1,474 7,171 54 733 137 6,599 1,419 15, 459 13, 162 27,207 683 Louisiana 586 1,711 6,018 62 88 381 1,134 75 1,333 208 5,380 358 3, 769 3,703 10,723 1,927 Oklahoma 3,553 41, 186 162,266 448 1,513 16,844 101,179 151 1,216 217 9,8()0 5,940 9, 483 4,015 20,485 727 Texas 2,443 11,885 59,061 478 850 3,803 12, 960 244 2,067 432 17,816 2, 415 18,863 14,914 70, 510 3,301 Mount.hn: 17, 403 17,455 15, 703 4, 594 3,042 .*», avi 4, 970 107 . 740 Tin Qfil im 9.9.Q 53a 95 Idaho 7,859 16, 168 15,289 1,359 1,687 7,351 8,706 07 370 106 1,983 1,248 1,681 171 587 94 Wyoming 1,239 10, 651 7,295 166 1,501 8, ,552 4,215 54 4.35 95 859 496 521 138 360 69 Colorado 5,785 44, 276 50,729 (!35 2,176 24,643 37,356 432 2,001 420 4,535 3,294 2,746 590 2,428 354 New Mexioo 521 4,184 11,605 68 204 1,170 6, 281 52 285 81 1,288 612 768 286 1,644 156 Arizona 802 2,417 5,206 116 244 722 2,756 43 337 108 934 516 461 221 943 169 Utah 944 4,303 3,634 120 248 2,089 2, 285 77 292 90 821 412 588 239 474 121 Nevada 556 1,908 2,269 87 176 632 971 71 210 55 344 201 156 61 167 38 Pacific; Washington 52, 198 47,862 38,665 7,867 8,000 17,647 24, 186 450 2,075 402 6,827 ^455 5,502 753 2,002 582 Oregon 16,499 28,242 25,456 3, 025 3,809 12,566 15, 937 232 1, 126 216 3,114 1,985 2,345 316 921 322 California 19,372 54,960 67, 786 2,799 4, 567 18,370 35, 115| 1,019 5,569 1,552 9,242 4,703 4,358 1,886 6,251 1,198 South Atlantic division. 184 ABSTOACT OF THIC CENSUS— POPULATION natfvp: population of the united states, by divisions and states, classified according to DIVISION AND state IN WHICU BORN; 1910— Continued. Table Ifi— Continued. POPXn.ATION BORN IN- DIVISION OR STATU OP Hast South Central division. West South Central division. Mountain division. Ken- tucky. Tennes- see. Ala- bama. Missis- sippi. Arkan- sas. Louis- iana. Okla- homa. Texas. Mon- tana. Idaho. Wy- oming. Colo- rado. New Mexico. Ari- zona. Utah. Ne- vada. United States. 2,704,675 2,544,434 2,316,790 1,915,124 1,397,667 1,699,273 626, 462 3,135,026 132,164 122,388 51,079 323, 334 218,693 96,273 304,968 40,397 Geographic division-i: Now EiiKland 2, 166 1,341 1,392 529 395 2,433 169 1,167 .508 400 199 1,400 612 226 200 395 Middle Atlantic 1 1, 327 7, 445 5,862 2,358 1,710 7,021 847 5, 199 1,359 1,265 899 3,919 1,453 1, 496 831 775 East North Central 2.54,780 62,095 12,319 10, 102 9,655 8,377 5,044 9, 153 2,746 2,307 1,241 7,466 1,279 1,141 1,207 532 West N orth Cent ral 126, 19,5 85,631 11,069 13, 772 40, 477 8, 659 32, 745 23, 612 5,715 2,528 4,215 19,314 2,727 1,003 2,065 784 South Atlantic 39,805 48, 144 86, 309 8,641 3,752 5,252 1,016 7,366 425 592 294 1,097 426 272 442 331 East South Central 2,084,251 2,004,079 1,968,915 1,6.35,097 22,382 40, 178 2,165 17,200 294 435 94 802 217 232 142 159 West South Central 121,605 288,216 216,741 2.33,290 1 , 288, 152 1,515,356 .557,253 2,986,691 799 1, 199 577 6,464 5,457 1,595 875 412 Mountain 20, 090 18, 757 7, 154 5,316 13,588 3,715 16,518 53,661 106,556 98, 721 39,970 256,443 202,853 82,939 287, 942 25,582 Pacific .35, 456 28,726 7,029 6,019 17,546 8,282 10,695 30, 977 13, 762 14,941 3,590 26, 429 3,669 7,369 11,264 11,427 New England; Maine 158 89 1.35 39 30 84 17 102 68 49 7 117 43 10 19 31 New Hampshire 86 39 71 33 27 82 20 49 36 25 16 71 7 11 13 49 Vermont ]()5 166 164 21 35 47 19 102 39 34 15 80 41 7 26 29 Massachusetts 1,125 686 710 290 205 1,537 75 605 267 199 115 652 333 83 110 179 Rhode Island 230 151 112 38 41 260 6 101 36 32 18 102 64 31 12 43 Connecticut 402 210 200 108 57 423 32 208 62 61 28 378 124 84 20 64 Middle Atlantic: New York 6, 943 3,652 3, 120 1,499 947 4, 405 347 3,308 784 573 562 2,057 664 595 481 401 New Jersey 1,821 90S 809 320 214 1,067 79 649 157 212 89 540 495 168 122 163 Pennsylvania 5,563 2,888 1,933 533 549 1,549 421 1,242 418 480 248 1,322 294 733 228 211 East North Central: Ohio 83,028 8,904 2, 343 1,229 1,050 1,517 1,7.33 1,362 325 328 189 1,244 195 226 190 123 Indiana 89, 185 1.3,797 1,768 951 1,687 900 754 1,315 161 767 83 841 114 178 116 39 Illinois 74,543 36,939 7,053 7,181 5,907 5,065 2,018 5,118 985 661 466 3,703 626 446 639 202 Michigan 5, 134 1,698 604 415 624 498 376 870 603 268 169 1,014 189 128 158 98 Wisconsin 2,890 757 551 326 387 397 163 488 672 283 .334 664 155 163 104 70 West North Central: Minnesota 3,277 1,215 566 438 399 573 268 708 1,711 350 225 760 522 110 174 79 Iowa 7,534 4,233 874 1,014 1,173 604 1,559 1,290 576 518 460 2,238 263 102 412 152 Missouri 77,325 60,713 6,488 8,665 28, 822 5,388 9,656 11,864 659 557 422 4,304 629 296 559 191 North Dakota 1,084 415 119 208 182 92 170 368 950 132 95 271 45 38 62 46 South Dakota 1,340 780 144 166 373 114 397 574 861 104 1,137 916 101 37 114 77 Nebraska 5,871 2,937 447 699 1, 199 444 1,710 1,567 508 4.59 1,484 4,692 214 119 435 101 Kansas 29, 764 15,338 2,431 2,582 8,329 1,444 18,985 7,241 450 408 392 6, 133 953 301 309 138 South Atlantic: Delaware 147 92 28 24 12 36 6 27 13 3 0 27 1 6 7 3 Maryland 1.080 777 585 .308 166 475 76 445 60 76 24 158 107 57 42 35 District of Columbia 1,606 1,442 823 766 284 579 124 825 83 78 73 156 61 44 88 38 Virginia 8,751 12,865 1.568 643 400 510 120 807 74 116 41 189 131 29 198 22 West Virginia 19.263 2,241 663 163 307 179 163 267 50 104 94 124 44 50 27 8 North Carolina 1,180 8,104 1,377 688 393 272 81 029 7 67 12 103 13 15 18 20 South Carolina 533 2,747 1,540 522 231 181 47 437 26 32 14 27 P 9 11 52 Georgia 3, 240 15,713 42,458 2,5.38 1,164 1,206 200 2,518 72 02 18 1S8 26 33 35 112 Florida 4.005 4.163 .37.267 2,989 795 1,814 139 1,411 40 54 13 155 34 ' 29 16 41 East South Centr.vl: Kentucky 2,031,385 64, 498 3, 141 2 , 1:55 1.679 1,387 453 1,890 87 107 31 237 60 61 24 29 Tennessee 41,936 1,873,227 29,739 46, 195 10, 129 3,127 739 ,5,592 92 167 30 293 73 70 67 62 Alabama 5,605 41,988 1,857,916 22,928 2, ,334 3.447 510 4,815 30 74 25 199 56 69 36 51 Mississippi 5,325 24.366 78, 119 1,503,839 8,240 32.217 463 4.903 85 27 8 73 28 32 15 17 West South Central: Arkansas 24,337 84,870 .38,013 64,182 1,055,940 ,34,837 11,981 25,554 94 224 78 696 184 86 87 99 Louisiana 4,864 6.189 22,285 56,129 15,324 1,40,5,9.36 570 24,918 40 111 14 227 56 66 35 44 Oklahoma 43,431 02,455 33,198 28, 261 132,76:5 13,313 515,212 205,462 :}97 469 2!)8 3,408 1,493 457 191 97 Texas 48,973 134, 702 123.245 84,718 84, 125 61,270 29.490 2,730,757 1 262 395 187 2,133 3,724 986 562 172 Mountain: Montana 3,417 1,607 .347 316 795 2.50 804 1,777 99,314 1,621 1,450 2,022 218 187 2,090 900 Idaho 2,499 2, 299 .356 311 2.043 208 1,478 1,.539 3, 476 90,225 1,9;!7 4.:i22 224 374 28,728 850 Wyoming 1,517 810 327 182 531 173 501 1,435 878 1.208 31,782 3,534 695 171 5, 180 146 Colorado in. 103 6,267 2,272 1,588 3, 707 1,267 4,931 6,679 770 60!) 2,229 233,510 11.992 559 2,325 319 New Mexkx) 4,, 366 4,704 2, ,324 1,821 4,3.53 922 7 , .'MS .'to, 506 75 90 91 4,266 184,749 1,487 46!) 55 Arizona 2,168 1,578 995 687 1.542 . 5:53 1,122 10, 139 328 ;!!)2 143 2. 035 4,. 477 78,949 2. 679 422 Utah 1,30!) 1,063 380 .304 376 167 184 860 1,217 4, 106 o.iHa 4 , 3.10 382 975 243,(),)4 1,250 Nevada 711 369 1,53 107 241 ]9.5 1.50 726 498 470 275 1.80K lie 237 3, -117 21,610 Pacific:: Washington 10,079 8, 155 1,778 i.4o;i 4,887 1,085 3,522 5, 692 7,845 7,494 1,255 7,080 56N 443 2, 230 1.012 Oregon 5,410 5, 193 825 070 3,310 649 2, .380 3,972 2,511 4, 706 858 4, 83!) 402 •164 2, .S76 1,018 California , . 19,967 15,378 4,420 .3,946 9, .'549 6,648 4, 793 21,313 3, 406 2, 741 1,477 11,510 2, 6!)!) 6, 462 0, 152 9,:!97 STATE OF BIirrH OF NATIVE POPULATION 185 NATIVE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, HY DIVISIONS AND STATES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIVISION AND STATE IN WHICH DORN; 1910— Continued. Table IG- Contlnuod, mVISION OU STATE OF RESIDENCE. United States Geographic divisions: New Enfiland Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central . , West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California POPULATION BORN IN— Horn at sea under United States flag. American citizens born abroad. I’acific division. United States (.state not reported). Outlying possessions. Washing- ton. Oregon. California. Alaska. Guam. Hawaii. Philip- pine Islands. Porto Rico. 318,619 293,640 1,004,607 285,685 1,075 19 3,741 1,017 1,513 1,560 66,351 735 413 4,315 11,324 12 53 40 42 226 13, 786 2, 177 1,201 10,014 39, 024 42 64 74 747 244 14, 139 4,243 2,051 8,901 57, 947 43 57 64 72 221 15,121 5,504 3,777 8,463 52, 950 38 19 93 21 172 6, 466 1,181 749 2,405 22, 741 6 23 103 203 210 1,957 410 215 1,103 17,244 4 2 18 5 60 641 1,780 1,398 5,351 36, 196 7 3 145 61 157 2, 792 13, 238 11,835 24,114 17,4.50 31 105 48 10 76 3, 859 289, 345 272, 001 939, 941 30, 809 892 19 3, 415 432 352 194 7,590 74 54 465 1,291 1 8 3 2 52 1,704 47 24 199 1,105 1 o 4 5 1 597 57 22 169 1,181 17 27 2 160 418 227 2,646 4,489 6 34 15 25 104 6, 574 27 279 931 4 9 2 9 6S5 88 59 567 2,327 4 5 3 4 29 1,056 1,157 628 6,645 21,697 • 25 44 46 641 126 9,345 267 114 1,422 5,338 ■ 6 4 20 23 44 1,705 753 459 1,947 11,989 11 16 8 S3 74 3,089 497 432 1,639 12,030 6 12 15 11 43 2,287 296 224 916 7,691 7 12 3 11 32 692 1,318 738 4, ,301 26, 121 9 23 24 23 49 3, 201 659 370 1,231 7,567 19 6 18 11 50 7,541 1,473 287 814 4,538 2 4 4 16 47 1,400 1,275 480 925 7,019 11 5 5 2 26 1,532 779 601 1,299 8,396 22 9 33 1,189 1,026 785 2,785 16, 791 5 5 22 10 20 1,040 392 200 281 4.901 4 1 1 19 633 357 260 389 2, 730 1 475 631 638 1,038 5, 138 6 2 17 0 12 765 1,044 813 1,746 7,975 6 5 21 2 62 832 16 9 54 348 1 1 3 1 60 220 57 456 1,743 1 . 1 8 48 18 445 109 80 578 1,768 3 6 59 48 8 301 283 54 361 2, 131 2 6 20 11 19 328 298 436 237 2, 704 2 2 10 181 81 28 123 1,722 2 1 10 127 20 6 58 1,108 1 9 5 81 26 285 7, 429 7 5 131 173 101 253 3,788 4 3 83 8 261 131 67 326 2, 626 1 2 1 18 193 200 80 365 6, 294 2 2 14 219 48 35 226 3, 689 13 20 138 31 33 186 4,635 1 2 8 91 236 179 560 7, 193 3 1 2 3 18 168 73 62 516 6, 796 2 115 42 26 396 747 663 1, 474 8, 150 1 2 9 11 491 730 494 2,801 14,057 3 26 14 102 1,737 2,254 1,467 2,004 3,488 8 8 19 5 21 694 8,630 7, 286 2 , 928 2, 137 3 3 2 4 579 261 348 582 700 4 1 1 1 4 183 839 726 2,681 4, 754 5 20 12 2 22 842 164 180 852 1,114 3 1 6 328 376 619 6, 101 1,357 2 3 7 15 557 323 504 1,796 3,219 63 4 1 533 391 705 7,170 681 9 4 2 2 3 143 262, 694 29,569 17, 761 11,321 459 142 84 5 67 2,751 17,508 225, 102 18, 184 3,729 235 82 22 5 15 901 9, 143 17,330 903,996 15,759 198 19 3, 191 326 342 112 3,938 J8G ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. MIGEATION OF NATIVE POPULATION FROM AND TO EACH STATE: 1910. BORN IN THE STATE AND LIVING IN OTHER STATES. LIVING IN THE STATE AND BORN IN OTHER STATES. 14 MAINt NEW HAMPSHIRE VERMONT MASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT NEW YORK new jersey PENNSYLVANIA OHIO INDIANA ILLINOIS MICHIGAN WISCONSIN MINNESOTA, IOWA MISSOURI NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEBRASKA KANSAS DELAWARE MARYLAND OIST. OF COLUMBIA VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA FLORIDA KENTUCKY TENNESSEE ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI ARKANSAS LOUISIANA OKLAHOMA TEXAS MONTANA IDAHO WYOMING COLORADO NEW MEXICO ARIZONA UTAH NEVADA WASHINGTON OREGON HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS IS la II 10 06 18643 9| 0 I 23488789 IQ II I CALIFORNIA (! ir APT PR 5. POPULATION OF FOPEIGN BIRTH AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. INTRODUCTION. This chaptez’ presents statistics as to the origin of the large foreign element in the population of the United States. More specifically, it distributes the foi*eign- born whites, and likewise the total foreign born, according to country of birth; the native whites whose ])ai’ents were both born abroad, according to the country of birth of the parents.; and the native whites with one foreign-born parent, the other being native, accorduig to the country of birth of the foreign-born parent. It also distinguishes the persons bom in cer- tain foreign countries, accorduig to mother tongue, and gives the total number of males and females born in each foreign country. Statistics are given for geograpliic divisions, states, and principal cities, and for the urban and rural population of the several geo- grapliic divisions. Persons living in Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions of the United States are not included, but, on the other hand, persons living in the United States proper who were born in any of these outlying possessions are treated as natives and not as foreign born. The importance of the foreign element may be seen fi’om the fact that of the 91,972,266 inhabitants of the United States in 1910, no less than 13,515,886, or 14.7 per cent, were born m some foreign country. In addition, there wei’e 12,916,311 native wliites of foreign parentage, foi'mmg 14 per ceizt of the total population, and 5,981,526 native wlzites of mixed (native and foreign) parentage, formiizg 6.5 jzer cent of the total. These three classes — without considei’ing the small number of native nonwhites of foreign or mixed parentage — together numbered 32,413,723, or 35.2 per cent of the population of the country. Some of the tables, as already indicated, relate to the total foreign-born population, and others only to the foreign-born whites. Of the 13,515,886 persons of foreign birth in 1910, 13,345,545 were whites, the remainder, which was only 170,341, representing chiefly Chinese and Japanese, and negroes (mainly from the West Indies). In most cases the total number bom in a given country is substantially the same as the number of whites born in that country. Definition of terms. — For brevity the Census Bureau has adopted the term “foreign wliite stock” to indi- cate the combined total of three classes, namely, the foreign-born whites themselves, the native whites of foreign parentage, and the native whites of mixed parentage. It has also adopted the term “country of origin” to express, in the case of the foreign born, the country of birth of the person enumerated, in the case of the native whites of foreign parentage, the country in which both of the foreign pai’ents were born, and, in the case of the native whites of mixed parentage, the country in which the foreign parent was born. The combined total of all persons in these three classes for whom the same country of origin is shown is designated as the foreign wliite stock derived from that country. It will be noted, of course, that in the case of some of the native whites of foreign parentage the two jiarents were not born m the same foreign counti’y. Such persons are classified, in the tables showing the country of origin of the native whites of foreign parentage, as persons of “mixed foreign par- entage.” They must, of course, be clearly distin- guished from the persons of mixed native and foreign parentage, usually called, more briefly, of “mixed parentage.” On account of the variety of races repi’esented among the immigrants from certain foreign coun- tries, the Census Bureau has avoided the use of such terms as ^‘Gei'mans,” “Russians,” “Austrians,” and the like, to designate the persons born in Germany, Russia, Austria, or other countries. Confusion would arise from identifying country of birth with race or nationality. Persons bom in Germany, for example, are not all Germans, wlfile, conversely, there are many Germans who were born in other countries, particu- larly Austria, Switzerland, and Russia. Mother-tongue statistics. — An amendment to the Thirteenth Census act called for statistics of the “nationality or mother tongue” of the foreign-born population and of the parents of the native popula- tion of foreign or mixed parentage. It was found expedient, in order to place the statistics on a definite basis, to call simply for the “mother tongue.” This term is generally understood to mean the language of customary speech before immigration, although in the home countries of c(;rtain classes of foreigners the language of customary speech at the present time is not the language, or any modification of the langizage, of their distant ancestors. For example, most of the Scotch speak English and not Gaelic. In some such cases the ancestral language, rather than that of cus- tomary use, was doubtless reported. Full statistics as to mother tongue will appear in a special report. Such statistics, however, are chiefly significant with reference to the natives of five countries — Germany, Austria, Hungary, Russia, and Canada — and only for such persons are mothei’-tonglie statistics presented in this Abstract. Immigrants from Canada include many French-speaking as well as many English-sjzeaking people, while the very numerous immigrants from each of the other four (187) 188 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. counlrics iticludo a nuinb('r of widely dili'eriiig racial groups. I'licrc is also a coiisidcrable mixture of races in the case of the iiumigrauts from Belgium, ])art of whom sp<'ak Fnaich and part Flemisli; of tliose from 8witzerhuid, part of whom speak German, j)art French, and ])art Italian, res])ectively ; and of those from the Balkan peninsula. In view, however, of the cor- tant of the latter group. Among the countries of birth of the foreign-born popiilafion of the United Stales, Germany bold first ! place in 1910, with 2, ,50 1,333, or 18.5 ])er cent, of the total foreign born. Next in im])ortance were Austria- J lungary, with 12.4 per cent; Russia, 11.9 per cent; Ireland, 10 per cent; Italy, 9.9 percent; the Scandi- navian countries as a group, 9.3 ])er cent; Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). 9 per cent; and Can- ada and Newfoundland, 9 i)er cent. These countries together contributed nine-tenths of the total foreign- born ]) 0 ])ulation of the United States enumerated in 1910. T»l>l« I COUNTRY OF BIRTU. Total foreign born. Europe Northwestern Europe . . . Great Britain England Scotland Wales Ireland Germany Seandinavian countries Norway Sweden Denmark Netherlands (Holland), Bel- gium, and Luxemburg Netherlands Belgium Luxemburg Franee Switzerland Southern and Eastern Europe Portugal Spain Italy Russia and Finland Russia Finland ustria- Hmigary Austria ' Hungary Balkan peninsula Roumania Bulgaria Servia Montenegro Greece Turkey in Europe Country not specified Asia China ■Tapan India Turkey in Asia ,\11 other countries America ® Canada and Newfoundland.. Canada — French Canada— other Newfoundland West Indies « Cuba Other West Indies Mexico Central and South America. . Central America South America All other .Africa Australia Atlantic islands Pacific i.slands Country not .specified Born at sea 1910 1 j ItMK) j increase:! 1900-1910 Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent. 13,515,886 100.0 10,341,276 8,871,780 100.0 3,174,610 30.7 11,791,841 87.2 85.8 2,920,061 32.9 6, 740, 400 49.9 7,016,311 67.8 -275,911 -3.9 1, 221, 283 9.0 1, 167, 623 11.3 53,660 4.6 877, 719 6.5 840,513 8.1 37,206 4.4 261,076 1.9 233,524 2.3 27,552 11.8 82,488 0.6 93,586 0.9 -11,098 -11.9 1,352,251 10.0 1, 615, 459 15.6 -263, 208 -16.3 2,501,333 18.5 2,813,628 27.2 -312,295 -11.1 1, 250, 733 9.3 1,072,092 10.4 178, 641 16.7 403, 877 3.0 336,388 3.3 67, 489 20.1 665, 207 4.9 582, 014 5.6 83, 193 14.3 181, 649 1.3 153, 690 1.5 27,959 18.2 172, 534 1.3 127, 719 1.2 44,815 35.1 120,063 0.9 94,931 0.9 25, 132 26.5 49,400 0.4 29,757 0.3 19,643 66.0 3,071 m 3,031 m 40 1.3 117,418 0.9 104, 197 1.0 13, 221 12.7 124,848 0.9 11.5,593 1.1 9,255 8.0 0, 048, 583 37.4 1, 832, 894 17.7 3,215,689 175.4 59,360 0.4 30, 608 0.3 28,752 93.9 22, 108 0.2 7, 0,50 0.1 15,058 213.6 1,343, 125 9.9 484, 027 4. 7 859,098 177.5 1, 732, 462 12.8 640, 743 6.2 1,091,719 170.4 1,602,782 11.9 578, 102 5.6 1,024,680 177.2 129, 680 1.0 62, 641 0.6 67,039 107.0 1,670,582 12.4 637, 009 6.2 1,033,573 162.3 1, 174,973 8.7 491,295 4.8 683, 678 139.2 495, 609 .3.7 145, 714 1.4 349, 895 240.1 220, 946 1.6 65, 923 0.5 15, 032 0.1 50, 891 338.6 11,498 0.1 (^) 4,639 (}) (^) 5,374 (2) (■’) 101, 282 0.7 8, 515 0. 1 92, 767 1,089.5 32,230 0.2 < 9,910 0. 1 2,858 (2) " 22, 575 0.2 191,484 1.4 120,248 1.2 71,236 59.2 56, 7,56 0.4 81,534 0.8 -24, 778 -30.4 67, 744 0.5 24, 788 0.2 42, 956 173.3 4, 664 (») 2,031 (H •2,633 129.6 59, 729 0.4 (*) 2, 591 (=) 11,895 0.1 -9,304 -78. 2 1,489,231 11.0 1,317,380 12.7 171,851 13.0 1,209,717 9.0 1, 179, 922 11.4 29, 795 2.5 385, 08;? 2.8 J 39.5, 126 3.8 -10,043 -2.5 819, ,554 6.1 ’ 7.S4, 796 7.6 34, 758 4.4 1 5, OHO (H (?) 1 47:635 0.4 25, 435 0.2 22,200 87.3 15, 133 0. 1 11,081 0.1 4,052 36.6 32,502 0.2 14,3.54 0. 1 18,148 126.4 221,915 1.6 103,393 1.0 118,522 114.6 9, 0. 1 8, 630 0.1 1,334 15.5 1,736 (2) 3,897 (H -•2, 161 —55. 5 8,228 0.1 4,733 (“) 3,495 73.8 43,330 0.3 31,868 0.3 11,462 36.0 3, 992 (H 2, 538 (=) 1,4.51 57.3 9, 035 0.1 6, SOT 0. 1 2, 228 32.7 18, 274 0. 1 9, 708 0. 1 8, 506 87.1 2,415 (=) •2,013 (=) 402 20.0 2,687 (2) 2, 54(i 141 5. 5 6, 927 0.1 8, 196 0. 1 -1,'269 — 15. 5 1 \ minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Le.ss than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Included under “Country not .specified' ' in ItltXI. < Figures for Turkey in Asia included with those for Turkey in Europe in 19110. '’Includes 20,324 persons reported as born in Poland, without .speciflcallon as to whether German, .Austrian, or Uu.ssian Poland. « Outside of the United States. ’ Newfoundland included with Canada for 1900. « Except Porto Rico. rOUNTHY OF OHKJIN. FOREIGN-IJORN POPULATION, BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF BIRTH: 1910 AND 1900. 189 TOTAL FOREIGN HORN, 1910: 13,515,886 An important change has come about in recent years with respect to the countries from which our immi- grants are chiefly drawn. Of course, this change is shown less obviously by the statistics of the foreign- born population as enumerated at the several decen- nial censuses than by the immigration statistics, since survivors of earlier immigration are still numerous. Nevertheless, a conspicuous change is shown by a com- parison of the census returns for 1910 and those for 1900, as appears from Table 1 and the three diagrams on this page. Whde the proportion of Europeans in the total foreign-born population was about the same at both censuses (85.8 per cent in 1900 and 87.2 per cent in 1910), persons from northwestern Europe con- stituted 67.8 per cent of the total number of foreign born in 1900, but only 49.9 per cent in 1910. On the other hand, southern and eastern Eurojieans formed only 17.7 per cent of the total in 1900, as compared with 37.4 per cent 10 years later. Persons born in each individual country of northwestern Europe except Belgium formed a smaller proportion of the foreign born in 1910 than in 1900, while persons born in each country of southern and eastern Europe formed a larger proportion. The factors in this change in the composition of the foreign-born population can readily be seen by com- paring the increases from 1900 to 1910 in the number of persons born in the respective countries. The increase in the total number of foreign born was 3,174,610. The increase in the number of southern and eastern Europeans was 3,215,689, or more than the increase in the total, while there was a decrease of 275,911 in the number of persons reported as born in northwestern Europe. This decrease, however, was wholly in the number from Germany, Ireland, and TOTAL FOREIGN BORN, 1900: 10,341,276 Wales, which fell off, respectively, 11.1, 16.3, and 11.9 per cent. The other countries of northwestern Europe were represented by larger numbers in the foreign-born population of the United States in 1910 than in 1900, the percentages of increase ranging from 4.4 for Eng- land to 66 for Belgium. The i^ercentages of increase for all of the countries of southern and eastern Europe were large — for example, 1,089.5 per cent for Greece, 177.5 per cent for Italy, 170.4 per cent for Russia and Finland, and 162.3 per cent for Austria-Hungary. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, BY PRINCIPAL COUN- TRIES OF BIRTH: 1910 AND 1900. MIUI.ION3 RUSSIA AND FINLAND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY NORWAY. SWEDEN, AND DENMARK ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND WALES .onn 1910 CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND 1000 The number of persons of Asiatic birth in the popu- lation of the United States increased very considerably from 1900 to 1910, the marked decrease in the number 190 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ol' persons roporied as born in (/hina l)cing ollset by increases in tlie number from Japan and Turkey in Asia. Tlio increase in the number of persons born in American countries outside of the United States was 13 ])er cent, by far the larger part of the increase j being contributed l)y Mexico. i Considering only individual countries, and not the j groui)s of countries shown in Table 1, tlie following were, in order of rank, the ten leading countries with | respect to the numbers contributed to the foreign-born j population of the United States as reported in 1910 and 1900, respectively: 1910 1900 Geimany. Germany Russia. Ireland. Ireland. Canada. Italy. England. Canada. Sweden. Austria. Russia. England. Austria. Sweden. Italy. Hungary. Norway. Norway. Scotland. Comparative statistics: 1860 to 1910. — Table 2 shows the number of foreign born, liy country of birth, for eacli census from 1860 to 1910, the countries being arranged alpliabetically. This table emphasizes even more strikingly than Table 1 the change which has taken place in the com- position of the foreign-born population of the United States. Thus persons born in Germany constituted 30.5 per cent of the total number of foreign born in 1860, but only 18.5 per cent in 1910. The correspond- ing percentages for Ireland were 38.5 and 10; for Eng- land, Scotland, and Wales combined, 14.1 and 9. On the other hand, persons born in Italy constituted only 0.3 })er cent of the total in 1860, as compared with 9.9 per cent in 1910, while the percentages for Russia (including Finland) at the respective censuses were 0.1 and 12.8, and for Austria, 0.6 and 8.7. Fewer persons were reported as born in Ireland at the census of 1910 than at any census from 1860 to 1900. The number from Wales was less in 1910 than in 1880, 1890, or 1900. The natives of Germany and England were less numerous in 1910 than in 1890. FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, BY COUNTRA" OF BIRTH: 1860-1910. Table 2 COUNTRY OF BIRTH. All foreign countries Austria’ Belgium Canada— French 2 Canada — Other 2 China Cuba and other West Indies Denmark England trance utnnany’ Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Russia 1 and Finland Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Eiuope Wales All other countries ’ FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 • 1860 13,515,886 10, 341.276 9, 249, 560 6,679,943 5,567,229 4,188,055 1 1,174,973 491,295 241,377 124,024 70,797 25,061 49, 400 29,757 22,639 15,535 12,553 9,072 385,083 819,554 395, 126 784,796 302,496 678, 442 1 717,157 493,464 249,970 56,756 81,534 106,701 104,468 63,042 35,565 3 47,635 3 25,435 23,256 10,401 11,570 7,353 181,649 153, 690 132,543 M, 196 30, 107 9,962 877,719 840,513 909,092 064. 160 555,046 433,494 117,418 104,197 113,174 106,971 116,402 109,870 1,276,075 2,501,333 2,813,628 2,784,894 1,966,742 1,690,533 101,282 8,515 1,887 776 390 328 495, fi09 1,352,251 145,714 1,615,459 62,435 1,871,509 11,526 3,737 1,855,827 1,854', 571 1,611,304 1, .343, 125 484,027 182,580 44,230 17,157 11,677 07,744 24,788 103,393 2,292 401 73 221,915 77,853 68,399 42,435 27,466 120,063 94,931 81,828 58,090 46,802 28,281 403,877 336,388 322,605 181,729 114,240 43,995 59,360 30, t)08 15,996 8,138 4,542 4,644 4,116 1,732,462 640,743 182, 644 35, 722 3,160 261,076 233,524 242,231 170,136 140,835 108,518 22,108 7,050 6,185 5,121 194,337 3,764 4,244 665,207 582,014 478,041 97,332 18,625 124,848 115,593 104,069 88,021 75, 153 53, .327 59, 729 32,2.30 82, 488 }■ 9,910 1,839 1,205 302 128 93, 586 100,079 83,302 74,533 45,763 158,992 95,062 200,813 93,985 41,943 70, 704 1910 100.0 8.7 0.4 2.8 6.1 0.4 0.4 1.3 6.5 0.9 18.5 0.7 3.7 10.0 9.9 0.5 1.6 0.9 3.0 0.4 12.8 1.9 0.2 4.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 PER CENT OF TOTAL FOREIGN BORN. 1900 100.0 4.8 0.3 3.8 7.6 0.8 1890 100.0 2.6 0.2 3.3 7.3 1.2 1880 100.0 1.9 0.2 10.7 l.G 1870 100.0 1.3 0.2 8.9 1.1 1860 100.0 0.6 0.2 6.0 0.8 0.2 1.5 8.1 1.0 27.2 0.3 1.4 9.8 1.2 30.1 0.2 1.0 9.9 1.6 29.4 0.2 0.5 10.0 2.1 30.4 0.2 0.2 10.4 2.6 30.5 0.1 1.4 15.6 4.7 0.2 0.7 20.2 2.0 (U KJ. £i 27.8 0.7 (9 (9 0.1 33.3 0.3 (9 (9 38.5 0.3 1.0 0.9 3.3 0.3 6.2 0.8 0.9 3.5 0.2 2.0 1.0 0.9 2.7 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.1 2.3 0.1 5.6 I 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.2 2.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 [C (') C) 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.4 0.8 2.6 0.1 0.4 1.3 (9 1.1 1.7 ’ For the censuses from 1860 to 1890, inclusive, persons roporteil as born in Poland are included under “All other countries for the censuses of 1910 and 1900 (so far as possible), they are distributed under Austria, Germany, and Rus.sia, re.spoctively. 2 Includes Newfoimdland prior to 1910. 3 Except Porto Rico. ’ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Immigration in relation to the foreign-born popu- lation. — The statistics of the foreign born presented above mak^e no distinction as to length of residence in tlie United States; they include those who have been in this country 50 years or more, as w-ell as immi- grants who arrived during the first three montlis of 1910, just before the census was taken. The increase of 3,174,610 in the number of foreign born from 1900 to 1910 does not rejjresent, of course, the number of immigrants who came to tlie United States during tliosc 10 years. The foreign born are constantly being drawn upon by return migration and death, and immigration must make up for these losses before there can bo any increase in the total number. The immigration statistics for the several decades, how- ever, go far to explain the changes from census to census in the composition of the foreign-born ])opula- tion. A remarkable decrease in the jiroiiortion of COUNTRY OF OlOOIN. 191 immigrants from northwestern P^urope and a striking increase in the proportion from soutlieni and eastern liluropo form cons])icuous features of immigration statistics for the past decade, as compared with those for earlier decades. PYr the 10 years between the takuig of the censuses of 1900 and 1910 the total immigration was about 8, 500, 000. ‘ Of this total, about 6,100,000, or 72 per cent, were from southern and eastern Europe, and about 1,800,000, or 21 per cent, from northwestern Europe — the latter being less than onc-thu’d the number from the southern and eastern countries. Wliile there was an immigration of about 8,500,000 between 1900 and 1910, the census shows only 5 088,- 084 persons in the United States in 1910 who had arrived after January 1, 1901, which would justify an estimate of 5,250,000 as the total number of persons enumerated in 1910 (April 15) who had arrived since the preceding census. The difference between the latter and the total immigration, about 3,250,000, represents in large part immigrants who returned to their own country, and, to a small extent, those who died between their arrival and the date of the enumera- tion. The estimate of 5,250,000 represents the con- tribution to our poj)ulation of the immigration of the last 10 years. As already stated, the increase in the foreign-born })opulation between the two censuses was only 3,174,610. The difference of more than two mil- lions may be assumed to be the approximate number of deaths between 1900 and 1910 of the foreign-born who were enumerated in 1900. It may be assumed ^ that these deaths were much more numerous among persons born in northwestern Europe than among those born in southern and eastern Europe, because the for- mer were a much larger class and at the same time, having been here much longer, were more advanced in years, and therefore subject to a higher death rate. As a result of these combined influences there has been a decrease in the foreign-born population from north- western Europe, as compared with a great increase in that derived from southern and eastern Europe. Foreign-born population, by sex. — Table 3 shows, by sex, the foreign-born population of the United States in 1910, classified according to country of birth. Table 3 COUNTRY OF BIRTH. All foreign countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro Canada, total French Other China Cuba and other West Indies ‘ Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary FOREIGN-BORN POPUI.ATION: 1910 Male. Female. Males to 100 females. 7,667,748 5, 848,138 131.1 713, 455 29,895 19,730 461,518 19,505 1,781 154.6 153.3 1,107.8 605,956 201, 164 404,792 598,681 183,919 414,762 101.2 109.4 97.6 54,968 26, 764 109, 120 477,320 79,098 1,788 20,871 72,529 400,399 50,582 3,074.3 128.2 150.5 119.2 156. 4 6)5,285 1,337,775 93, 447 305,543 52,133 1,163,558 7,835 190,066 125.2 115.0 1, 192. 7 160.8 COUNTRY OF BIRTH. Ireland Italy Japan Mexico Netherlands (Holland). Norway Portugal Roumania Russia Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Wales All other countries FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION; 1910 Male. Female. Males to 100 females. 611,556 740,695 82.6 880,904 462,221 190.6 60,758 6,986 869.7 136,677 85,238 160.3 68,363 51,700 132.2 230, 150 173, 721 132.5 35,815 23,545 152.1 36,521 29,402 124.2 927,219 675,563 137.3 144,659 116,417 124.3 16,785 5,323 315. 3 369,953 295,254 125.3 72,726 52,122 139.5 40,467 19,262 210.1. 28,524 3,706 769.7 45,397 37,091 122.4 42,912 28, 646 149. a I Except Porto Rico. In the foreign-bom population of the United States as a whole, males greatly outnumber females, the ratio in 1910 being 131.1 males to 100 females. Ireland is the only country shown in the table which has con- tributed a larger number of females than of males to the population of this country, although persons born in Canada of other than French descent showed a slight excess of females over males in 1910, which was more than offset by the excess of males over females among those born in C^anada of French descent. Among persons born in Bulgaria, Servia, or Montenegro, in China, Greece, Japan, and in Turkey in Europe who resided in the United States in 1910, the males were many tunes as numerous as the females, and among persons born in Spain and in * Since the census of 1900 was taken as of June 1 and that of 1910 as of April 15, there have been added to the immigration figures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1901, those for the month of June, 1900; and from the figures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1910, there have been subtracted those for April, May, and June, 1910. Turkey in Asia the males were more than twice as numerous as the females. In the case of persons from all the countries of southern and eastern Europe from which recent immigration has largely been drawn there was a very marked excess of males. The num- ber of males to 100 females in 1910 w^as 154.6 for persons born in Austria, 160.8 for persons born in Hungary, 190.6 for persons bom in Italy, and 137.3 for persons born in Russia. There is much less disparity between the sexes in the case of the foreign born from the leading countries of northwestern Europe. These differences accord with the well-known fact that the immigrants of the earlier days, who came mainly from northwestern Europe, came to a large extent in fami- lies and settled permanently in this country, while much of the immigration from southern and eastern Europe consists of single men and of married men who have come only for a temporary stay and have left their families in their home countries. 192 ABS^riUCT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Population from Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Russia, by mother tongue.- For reasons stated in the Introduetion, statistics of niotlier tongue are ])re- sented in detail for ])ersons l)orn in Germany, Austria, Ilungarv, and Russia. Table 4 shows, for the United States as a whole and its geogra])hic divisions, the number of white ])ersons horn in each of the four countries just named who were enumerated in 1910, distinguished according to mother tongue. The only other statistics of mother tongue presented in tliis chapter relate to persons of Canadian birth, distinction being made, however, only between those speaking French and all others, the latter consisting almost wholly of ])ersons speaking English. This distinction | is carried through all the tables giving country of birth. The great bulk of the foreign-born whites from Ger- many speak German (90.4 ])er cent of the total enumer- ated in 1910), but there are also a considerable number s])eaking Polish. Among the foreign-born whites who were born in Austria the most important group con- sists of those speaking Polish, who constituted 28 per cent of the total in 1910, followed by those speaking Bohemian, German, Yiddish and Hebrew, and Slove- nian, in the order named. Of the persons reported as born in Hungary, 46 per cent gave their mother tongue as Magyar, 21.8 per cent as Slovak, and 14.8 per cent as German, 17.5 per cent reporting other languages. Of the white persons born in Russia, more than one- half ( 52.3 per cent) gave their mother tongue as Yid- dish (including those reporting Hebrew), which is the prevailing language of the Jews throughout a large part of Europe, while more than a c|uarter (26.1 per cent) reported Polish as the mother tongue. There were also a considerable number who reported Lithuanian and German, while the number who gave Russian as their mother tongue was comparatively small, only 2.5 per cent of the total. Previous censuses distinguished persons born in Po- land, although Poland is not an independent nation, having been partitioned among Russia, Germany, and Austria. The total number of persons reported at the census of 1900 as born ui Poland was 383,407.* At the census of 1910 Poland was not distinguished as a country of birth, but the approximate number of ])ersons born in the former kingdom of Poland may be determined from the total number rej)orted as speaking the Polish language who were natives of Germany, Austria, or Russia. Such persons num- bered 937,884, of whom 190,096 were reported as born in Germany, 329,418 as born in Austria, and 418,370 as born in Russia. A few of these were doubt- less born outside the territorial limits of the former ' This figure may be an understatement, because of the pos.si- bility that some of the persons born in the former kingdom of Poland gave their birthplace as Germany, Austria, or Russia. kingdom of Poland. The returns for 1900 distinguish Russian, German, and Austrian Poland; and on the basis of this distinction, persons reported as bom in Poland have been distributed under Russia, Ger- many, and Austria, resjtectively, in the comparative tables, but for earlier censuses they have been in- cluded under “all other countries.” Foreign white stock, by country of origin. — The total foreign white stock in the United States in 1910 numbered 32,243,382, of whom 13,345,545, or 41.4 per cent, were foreign born, 12,916,311, or 40.1 per cent, were native whites of foreign parentage, and 5,981,526, or 18.6 per cent, were native whites of mixed parentage. The ilistribution of this foreign white stock by country of origin is shown in Table 5, on page 194, whicli (listinguishes between the three classes of persons just named, and gives comparative figures for 1900 so far as available. The relative im- portance of the leading countries of origin is shown for 1910 in the diagram below. Table 5, page 194, shows, for example, that in 1910 there were 8,282,618 white persons in the United States having Germany as their country of origin, comprising 2,501,181 who were born in Germany, 3,911,847 born in the United States both of whose parents were born in Germany, and 1,869,590 born m the United States and having one parent born in the United States and the other in Germany. It will he noted that this total does not include all native white persons who had one parent born in Germany. In the case of some native whites one parent was born in Germany and the other in some other foreign countiy ; these are included under the designation “persons of mixed foreign parentage,” and not with those having Germany as their country of origin. FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN: 1910. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 193 WHITE PERSONS BORN IN GERMANY, AUSTRIA, HUNGARY, AND RUSSIA, CLASSIFIED BY MOTHER TONGUE, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Tabic I UNITED STATES. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION. COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND MOTHER TONGUE. Number. Per cent. New England. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. Wast South Central. .Moun- tain. Pacific. Germany 2,601,181 100.0 70, 261 754,939 921,417 426,531 63, 239 28,516 69,737 42, 897 123, 644 Gorman 2, 260, 250 90.4 65, 798 693,972 790, 008 400, 563 56,615 27, 475 65, 191 40,870 119,1.34 Polish 190,096 7. 6 2,548 47, 009 115,358 15,518 4,403 316 2,539 589 1, 216 Yidduslr and Hebrew 7,910 0.3 805 4,215 1,740 365 305 69 91 64 256 Dutch and Frisian 6,510 0.3 73 1,010 3,075 1,710 132 43 78 128 261 Bohemian and Moravian 6,263 0.3 126 827 2,933 1,416 222 22 370 125 222 Danish 5,232 0.2 231 550 1,233 1,803 36 19 55 199 1, 106 French 3,131 0.1 166 1,170 835 362 46 50 120 72 311 Lithuanian and Lettish 1,486 0.1 119 448 468 210 79 11 65 41 45 698 ( 2 ) 6 180 257 82 8 116 33 16 Magyar 564 m 13 190 255 47 23 4 9 4 19 Russian 552 m 20 211 156 72 11 21 12 14 35 All other 18, 483 0.7 356 4,557 4,499 4,383 1,330 486 1,091 758 1,023 Austria 1,174,924 100.0 69, 583 553, 546 317,462 116,281 20, 272 2,989 27,318 32, 326 35, 148 Polish 329,418 28.0 49,615 157, 133 90,366 12,459 5,360 474 2,099 3,06/ 2,855 Bohemian and Moravian 219,214 18.7 2,927 34,071 96,939 55, 2SS 5,000 338 17, 275 3,446 3,930 German 157,917 13.4 5,613 72,027 38, 262 19,298 2,935 1,037 4,226 4,979 9,640 Yiddish and Hebrew 124, 588 10.6 3,179 113,961 5,241 694 488 183 252 173 417 Slovenian 117,740 10.0 2,595 52, 775 33,504 9,182 2,252 345 1,091 7, 460 8,536 Croatian 3 68,602 5.8 313 27,081 20,933 8,948 1,243 82 485 5, 027 4,490 Slovak 55, 706 4.7 2,507 39, 855 9,037 1,410 1,071 71 130 964 721 Ruthenian < 17,169 1.5 676 14,062 1,381 790 181 2 5 28 44 Russian 13, 781 1.2 823 11,382 703 597 138 3 63 25 47 Servian 5 11,693 1.0 14 2,724 4,474 1,867 70 6 11 1,216 1,311 Slavic (not specified^ 11,196 1.0 196 8,271 1,764 176 84 9 19 519 158 Italian 5 10, 774 0.9 478 3,588 2,380 358 64 47 201 2,933 725 Roumanian 3, .399 0.3 25 1,426 1,443 312 44 2 13 54 80 1,399 0 1 66 933 239 62 29 20 6 44 Greek 839 0.1 12 723 19 56 11 1 3 6 8 All other 31,429 2.7 644 13,534 4,777 4,784 1,302 389 1,425 2,432 2,142 Hungary 495, 600 100.0 16, 907 267, 949 162, 259 24, 271 10,599 1,742 1,956 4,296 5,621 Magyar 227, 742 46.0 10,458 123,411 75,730 6,149 6,231 682 817 1,620 2,044 Slovak 107,954 21.8 4,339 66,420 31,500 2,352 1,611 244 358 642 488 German 73,338 14.8 783 31, 07.3 27,859 9,900 1,029 379 249 654 1,412 Yiddish and Hebrew 19, 896 4.0 351 16,842 2,265 211 74 24 12 45 72 Roumanian 15,679 3.2 57 2,909 10,342 1,603 352 155 27 96 138 Croatian 19,050 1.8 146 2,261 4,550 1,311 227 7 55 441 52 Slovenian 5,510 1.1 241 3,202 1,424 287 56 11 45 126 118 6,837 1 4 45 4, 870 1,743 67 79 18 9 6 Servian .'. 5,'018' 1.0 24 1,592 2 ; 253 593 . 144 57 19 224 112 8 4, 465 0 9 50 3,871 460 46 27 8 3 Polish 2,637 0.5 66 1,971 463 88 27 3 7 3 9 Bohemian and Moravian 1,755 0.4 19 611 743 227 44 5 46 25 35 Russian 1,400 0.3 47 1,038 238 50 4 2 4 6 11 Bulgarian 1,352 0.3 136 442 270 159 58 23 37 79 148 All other 12,967 2.6 145 7,436 2,419 1,228 636 132 280 318 373 Russia 8 1, 602, 752 100.0 192, 897 893,498 274,993 118,682 49,141 8,152 14,108 18,592 32, 889 Yiddish and Hebrew 838, 193 .52.3 97,292 560,549 100, 782 30,880 24,498 4,602 4,023 4,807 10, 760 Polish 418,370 26.1 55,628 218, 894 105,908 12,857 14,646 1,118 2,673 1,987 4,659 Lithuanian and Lettish 137,040 8.6 29,105 57,501 41,267 3, 276 3,509 98 633 424 1,233 German 121,638 7.6 3,578 14,116 15,063 61,454 1,254 865 4,976 9,011 11,321 Russian 40,542 2.5 3,348 24,581 5,307 2,712 1,788 344 363 558 1,541 Finnish 15 5, 865 0.4 1,031 776 1,817 696 56 10 28 ■101 1,0.50 Ruthenian 113,402 0.2 333 1,908 566 340 71 15 26 35 108 Slovak 1,709 0.1 97 1,239 222 20 93 7 3 15 13 Slavic (not specified) ' 1,658 0.1 57 1,148 249 47 67 24 18 17 31 Greek 1,230 0.1 104 663 144 126 45 23 20 15 90 Armenian 945 0.1 167 289 85 87 14 4 15 81 203 Bohemian and Moravian 898 0.1 41 88 140 489 55 28 36 4 17 Swedish 592 (') 191 1&5 97 30 4 8 3 6 88 All other 30, 604 1 9 1 725 11,581 3,346 5,608 3,041 1,000 1,291 1,231 1,775 ' Reported variously, as Slavisli, Slavic, Slavonian, and Slavonic; includes, also, a small number of Wendish. 2 Less than one- tenth of 1 per cent. 3 Includes 4,307 reporting Dalmatian. « Includes 728 reporting Little Russian. 6 Includes 179 reporting Bosnian, 165 reporting Kerzegovinian, and 75 reporting Montenegi'tp. ® Includes 7 reporting Romansh. I Includes 16 reporting Dalmatian. * Includes 14 r^orting Little Russian. ® Exclusive of Finland. Includes 138 reporting Esthonian and 9 reporting Lappish. “ Includes 975 reporting Little Russian. 72497°— 13 IS* 194 yVBSTRACri^ OF TRV] (rFNSUS- POPULATION FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 1910. Tublo 5 TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE STOCK. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. Number. Per cent. 1»)0 1!K>0 1910 19 PEE CENT or TOTAI, POKEIGN-BORN POPULATION. COUNTRY OF BIRTH. United States. New England. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. W est South Central. Mountain. Pacific. lit 10 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 lilOO 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 All foreign countries 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ICO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Austria 8.7 4.8 3.8 1.6 11.4 6.3 10.3 5.0 7.2 6.0 6.8 3.4 3.4 1.7 7.8 7.6 7.1 4.2 3.7 1.8 Belgium 0. 4 0.3 0.2 0. 1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0. 1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Canada, tidal 8.9 11.4 28.8 35.4 3.1 4.2 8.9 11.3 6. 4 8.1 2.9 3.2 4.0 3.7 2.5 2.6 8. 1 10.7 10. 1 10.6 French 2.8 3.8 15.2 19. 1 0.6 0.9 1.5 2. 1 1. 1 It 4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.9 0.8 1.0 other 6. 1 7.6 13.6 16.3 2.5 3.3 7.4 9.2 5.3 6.7 2.6 2.9 3.6 3.3 2.2 2.2 6.9 8.8 9.3 9.6 China 0.4 0.8 0. 1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.5 3.8 9.8 Cuba and other West Indies ' 0.4 0.2 0.2 0. 1 0.4 0.3 m (») (2) (2) 6. 1 5.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0. 1 (2) 0.1 0.1 Oenmark. 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1. 4 1.5 4.0 3.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 3.8 6. 1 2.6 2.6 England 6. 5 8. 1 8.5 9.6 6.3 8.9 5.5 0.9 4.3 5. 1 7.6 9.4 8.9 9.5 4.3 5. 1 12.0 16.8 8.0 9.5 Finland ^ 1.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.4 France 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.5 0.9 1.0 2.2 2.6 Ciermany 18.5 27.2 3.9 5. 1 15.6 25.6 30.0 40.9 26.4 32.4 21. 1 34. 4 32.5 41. 7 19.8 27.6 9.5 11.0 12.9 18.9 Greece 0.7 0. 1 0.9 0. 1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0. 1 0.9 (2) 1.5 0.3 1.6 0.2 0.5 0. 1 2.9 0. 1 1.6 0. 1 Hungary 3.7 1.4 0.9 0.5 5.5 3.0 5.3 1.0 1.5 0. 4 3.6 1.0 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 Ireland 10.0 15.6 18.3 26.8 12.7 21.9 5. 8 9. 1 4.9 7.3 9.2 16.9 11.5 18.0 3.4 5.7 5.9 9.1 7.1 10.3 Italy 9.9 4. 7 9.8 4.2 16.2 8.8 4.8 1.7 2.4 0.7 12.8 4.9 9.3 4.0 9.0 8.4 7.6 4.7 8.6 4.8 Japan 0.5 0.2 m (9 (=) m 0. 1 2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 0. 1 ( 2 ) 2.3 1.7 5.6 3.4 Mexico 1.6 1.0 h ( 2 ) h) h) ( 2 ) 0.7 (2) 0. 1 0. 1 0.3 0.2 36.0 26.9 10.1 7.1 3.6 1.5 Netherlands (Holland) 0.9 0.9 0. 1 0.1 0.5 0.6 1. 9 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 Norway 3.0 3.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 3.2 3.8 12.3 12.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 3.3 2.8 4.7 3.3 Portugal 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.2 m m m m (2) (2) 0.1 0.1 (2) (2) 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0.1 2.4 2.3 Russia 11.9 5.6 10.6 4.4 18.4 9.8 8.9 3.0 7.3 4.3 16.4 9.5 9.3 4.2 4.0 2.8 4. 1 1.5 3.4 1.0 Scotland 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.9 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.6 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 1.2 1.3 3.3 4.2 2.5 2.8 Spain 0.2 0.1 0.1 ( 2 ) 0. 1 0. 1 (2) (2) (2) 1.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.2 Sweden 4.9 5.6 3.9 4. 1 1.8 2.2 5.8 6. 5 13.2 13.6 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.8 2.1 7.8 9.5 7.2 5.8 Switzerland ■. 0.9 1. 1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 1. 1 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.9 3.1 3.6 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.8 TVrkey 0. 7 0. 1 1.5 0.2 0.5 0. 1 0.5 (2) 0.4 (2) 1.5 0. 1 1.9 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.6 0. 1 0.7 e. 1 Wales 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1. 1 0.3 0.3 1.4 2.2 0.5 0.7 All other countries 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.6 1. 1 1.5 1.4 1.8 0.8 1. 1 1.8 0.8 2.3 2.1 ‘ Except Porto Rico. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. For New England the most important countries of bEth of the foreign born enumerated in 1910 were, in the order of their rank, Canada, Ireland, and Ilussia, each of which contributed over 10 per cent of the total, followed by Italy and England. For the Middle Atlantic division they were Ilussia, Italy, Germany, Ireland, and Austria. For the East North Central divi- sion they were Germany and Austria, each of which contributed over 10 per cent, followed by Canada and Russia, each with 8.9 per cent. For the West North Central division the most unportant countries of birth were Germany, Sweden , Norway, and Russia. For the Mountain division the leading positions were occu- pied by England, Mexico, and Germany, and for the Pacific division by German}^, Canada, and Italy. In neither of these two western divisions was any one country of birth represented by as much as one-sixth of the total foreign-born population. In the three southern divisions the total number of foreign born was comparatively small. Persons born in Germany occupied the leading place in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, and those born in Mexico in the West South Central division. Marked differences Jijipear among the natives of different foreign countries with rosjiect to the section.^ of the United States to which tlic greatest mimbers have gone. These differences are most clearly brought out by Table 7, which shows, liy percentages, the distribution of the ])ersons born in each foreign country according to the geographic divisions in which they were living at the census of 1910. For comparison the distribution of the total foreign-born population and also that of the total population are shown. In view of the very large foreign-born population of the Middle Atlantic division, it is natural that that division should contain more of the persons from many of the countries specified than any other divi- sion. Of the natives of Austria in the United States in 1910, 47.1 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division and 27 ])er cent in the East North Centrid. Of persons born in Canada, 43.7 per cent were in New England and 22.7 per cent in the East North Central division. Of those from England, 34.9 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic dirision, 19.4 per cent in the East North Central, and 17.S ])er cent in New England ; the distribution of persons born in Scotland was very similar. Of the natives of German}^, 30.8 j)er cent were in the East North Central division, 30.2 per cent in the Middle Atlantic, and 17.1 per cent in the West North Central. Many of the earlier German immigrants went to the farms of these geo- gra])hic divisions. Of {)ersons born in Hungary, 54.1 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division (many of them in the mining regions of Pennsylvania) ami 32.7 ])er cent in the East North Central. Of ])crsons born in Ireland, 45.5 ])er cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 24.7 ])er cent in New England, and 13.3 'i)er cent in the East North (Antral division. A decided concentration appears in the case of iia- COUNTllY OF ORIGIN. 197 tivcs of Italy, no less than 5S.4 per cent in 1910 being in the Middle Atlantic division, 13.4 per cent in New England, and 10.9 per cent in the East North Central division. Of persons born in Russia, 55.7 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 17.2 per cent in the East North Central, and 12 per cent in New England. The natives of the Scandinavian countries have largely gone to the farming regions of the Middle West. Of those born in Norway, 49.2 per cent in 1910 were in tlic West North Central division and 24.6 per cent in the East North Central, and of those born in Sweden, 32.1 per cent were in the West North Central and 26.8 per cent in the East North Central. The distribution of those born in Denmark is similar. Of the European immigrants, those born in Portugal show the most un- equal distribution, nearly all of them being found in the New England and Pacific divisions. The natives of China and Japan have settled chiefly in the Pacific division. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BORN IN THE LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES, BY DIVISION OF RESIDENCE: 1910. Table 7 PER CENT OP TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS BORN IN SPECIFIED COUNTRY: 1910 DIVISION. Total popula- tion. Total foreign born. Austria. Bel- gium. Canada. China. Cuba and other West Indies.! Den- mark. Eng- land. Fin- land. France. Ger- many. Greece. Hun- gary. Ire- land. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 100.0 7.1 21.0 19.8 12.7 13.3 9.1 9.6 2.9 4.6 100.0 13.5 35.9 22.7 12.0 2.2 0.6 2.6 3.4 7.1 100.0 5.9 47.1 27.0 9.9 1.7 0.3 2.3 2.8 3.0 100.0 6.0 21.5 46.4 12.4 2.3 0.3 1.9 2.0 6.6 100.0 43.7 12.3 22.7 8.5 0.7 0.3 0.7 3.0 8.0 100.0 4.6 12.1 4.4 1.8 2.2 0.6 1.8 8.3 64.4 100.0 6.5 45.1* 2.3 1.3 38.6 1.0 2.3 0.6 2.3 100.0 4.2 11.4 23.6 35.2 0.7 0.3 1.2 9.5 13.9 100.0 17.8 34.9 19.4 7.9 2.6 0. 9 1. 7 6.2 8.7 100.0 10.9 9.9 33.5 22. 8 0.3 0. 1 0. 2 7.1 15. 1 100.0 9.3 33.8 16.2 8.2 2.4 1.6 7.1 3.6 17.8 100.0 2.8 ;io.2 36.8 17.1 2.5 1.1 2.8 1.7 4.9 100.0 16.6 15.7 17.7 13.8 4.0 1.4 1.7 13.1 15.5 100.0 3.4 54.1 32.7 4.9 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 100.0 24.7 45.5 13.3 5.8 2.0 0.7 0.9 2.0 5.0 DIVISION. Italy. Japan. Mexico. Nether- lands (Hol- land). Nor- way, Portu- gal. Russia. Scot- land. Spain. Swe- den. Switz- erland. Turkey. Wales. All other coun- tries. United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 13.4 0.4 0.1 1.8 2.1 57.1 12.0 18.5 5.2 10.6 3.0 29.3 4.5 13.5 Middle Atlantic 58.4 2.3 0.4 22.1 8.1 1.7 55.7 34.1 20.9 13.2 25.1 20.6 46.0 38.4 East North Central 10.9 0.7 0.4 49.7 24.6 0.9 17.2 18.7 2.8 26.8 20.6 16.6 22.1 14.7 West North Central 2.8 1.5 4.9 17.5 49.2 0.1 7.4 8.4 3.1 32.1 15.4 7.5 9.5 9.8 South Atlantic 2.9 0.2 0.1 0.5 0. 4 0.3 3.1 2. 7 22.5 0 4 1 7 4 K 9 . 4 9 1 East South Central 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 (2) 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.2 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.8 West South Central 2.4 0.6 58.1 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.6 7.3 1.0 3.0 3.5 1.1 1.8 Mountain 2.6 15.1 20.6 3.1 3.7 0.9 1.2 5.8 14.3 5.3 5. 0 2.8 7.5 5.2 Pacific 0.1 79.2 15.3 4.2 11.2 38.0 2.1 9.3 23.0 10.3 17.5 7.0 6.0 13.7 1 Except Porto Rico. ’ Less than onc-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 8 shows, by geographic divisions, the number of foreign-bom persons reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 classified into three groups; (1) Those born in northwestern Europe; (2) those bom in southern and eastern Europe; and (3) those bom in all other foreign countries. There are conspicuous differences among the geo- graphic divisions with respect to the proportions which these three groups of countries have contributed to the foreign-born population. In the New England division, for example, in 1910 only 39.4 per cent of the foreign born were from northwestern Europe, while 29.3 per cent were from southern and eastern Europe and 31.3 per cent from other countries, mainly Canada. On the other hand, in the West North Central division 70.4 per cent of the foreign born were from northwestern Europe, 21.9 per cent from south- ern and eastern Europe, and only 7.7 per cent from all other countries. The proportion from southern and eastern Europe was conspicuously high in the Middle Atlantic division, 53.4 per cent. The proportion from non-European countries was highest in the West South Central division, where there are considerable numbers of Mexicans in the comparatively small foreign-born population. Table 8 PERSONS BORN IN— DIVISION. Northwestern Europe. Southern and eastern Europe. All other foreign countries.! 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 NUMBER. United States 6,740,400 7,016,311 5, 048, 583 1,832,894 1,726,903 1,492,071 New England 719,793 7.30,461 534,648 184,696 570,669 530,080 Middle Atlantic 2,053,472 2, 187,570 2,588,248 949,340 209,453 180,649 East North Central 1,794,003 1,998,541 986,303 310, 086 293,460 316; 599 West North Central 1,137,573 1,226,223 354,857 173, 976 124,265 133,049 South Atlantic 135,047 148,576 74,406 131,469 23,642 43, 152 10,475 33,478 6,717 24,302 5,687 East South Central 57; 466 West South Central 127,060 130,049 80,400 53,282 144, 732 83; 756 Mountain 229, 239 193,640 122,529 39,612 101,554 68; 717 Pacific 486, 747 .326,845 226,487 68,275 242,575 149,2.32 PER CENT OF TOTAL FOREIGN BORN. United States 49.9 67.8 37.4 17.7 , 12.8 14.4 New England 39.4 50.5 29.3 12.8 31.3 36.7 Middle Atlantic 42.3 65.9 53.4 28.6 4.3 5.4 East North Central 58.4 76.1 32.1 11.8 9.5 12. 1 West North Central 70.4 80.0 21.9 11.3 7.7 8.7 South Atlantic 45.0 68.8 43.8 20.0 11.2 1J.2 6.3 East South Central 65.4 82.2 26.9 11.6 7.6 West South Central 36.1 48.7 22.8 19.9 41.1 31.4 Mountain 50. 6 64. 1 27.0 13.1 22.4 22.8 Pacific 50.9 60.0 2.3.7 12,5 25.4 27.4 I Includes a few persons reported as born in Europe, countiy not specified. 198 ABSTRAirr or thi^] census— population More than half of tho total luunbcr of southorn and eastoni Europeans in the United States in 1910 resided in the Middle Atlantic division, and more than four-fifths of them were in tlie Middle Atlantic, Xew England, and East North Central divisions, taken together. On the other hand, less than one- half of the northwestern Europeans were in tho Middle Atlantic division, and the three divisions just named, taken together, contained a little more than two-thirds of the total number. Foreign white stock, by divisions. — Table 13, pages 202 and 203, shows, for 1910, by geographic divisions, the total foreign white stock of each country of origin, distinguishing between white persons themselves foreign born and native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The principal facts brought out in Table 13 are shown more clearly in Table 9, in which the principal coun- tries of origin of the foreign white stock of each geo- graphic division are arranged in order of importance. Tabic DIVISION AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. FOREIGN WHITE stock: 1910 PER CENT OF TOTAL FOREIGN WHITE STOCK CONSISTING OF— 'I'olal. Foreign- tom white. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Number. i Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent Num- ber. Per cent. B O .§> S o u.’O V-. ’3 o y w s > B 2 73 A New England 3,867,095 100.0 1,814,386 100.0 2,052,709 100.0 46.9 53.1 Canada 1,104,384 28.6 524,015 28.9 580,369 28.3 47.4 52.6 Ireland 978,352 25.3 334, 475 18.4 643,877 31.4 34.2 65.8 England 320,834 8.3 155,675 8.6 165, 159 8.0 48.5 51.5 Russia 291,618 7.5 192,697 10.6 98,921 4.8 66.1 33.9 Italy 277,361 7.2 179,428 9.9 97,933 4.8 64.7 35.3 Germany 176,945 4.6 70,261 3.9 106,684 5.2 39.7 1)0.3 Sweden 126,471 3.3 70,774 3.9 55,697 2.7 56.0 44.0 Austria 107,127 2.8 69,583 3.8 37,544 1.8 65.0 35.0 Scotland 97,740 2.5 48,413 2.7 49,327 2.4 49.5 50. 0 Portugal 53,721 1.4 32,453 1.8 21,268 1.0 60.4 39.6 Middle Atlantic 10,417, 491 100.0 4,826, 179 100.0 5,591,312 100.0 46.3 53.7 Germany 2,222,900 21.3 754,939 15.6 1,467,901 26.3 34.0 06.0 Ireland 1,922,099 18.5 615,717 12.6 1,306,382 23.4 32.0 08.0 Russia 1,382,493 13.3 893,498 18.5 488,995 8.7 04. 0 35.4 Italy - 1,229,462 11.8 783,758 16.2 445,704 8.0 63.7 36.3 Austria 873,467 8.4 553, 540 11.5 319,921 5.7 6.3.4 30. 0 England 752,940 7.2 305,826 6.3 447,114 8.0 40.6 59.4 Hungary 389,738 3.7 267,949 5.6 121, 789 2.2 68.8 31.2 Canada 323,875 3.1 146,971 3.0 176,904 3.2 45.4 54.0 Scotland 211,2.37 2.0 88,975 1.8 122,262 2.2 42. 1 57.9 Sweden 160,268 1.5i 87,717 1.8 72,551 1.3 54.7 45.3 East North Central. 8,175,654 100. 0 3,067,220 100.0 5, 108, 434 100.0 37.5 62.5 Germany 3,172,097 38.8 921,417 30.0 2,250,680 44.1 29.0 71.0 Ireland 706,740 8.6 179,257 5.8 527, 483 1,0.3 25.4 74 . 0 Canada 679,139 8.3 270,280 8.8 408,853 8.0 39.8 60.2 Austria 556,527 6.8 317,462 10.4 239,065 4.7 57.0 43.0 England 503,98.5 6.2 170, 1.31 5. 5 333,854 6.5 33.8 66.2 Russia 424,124 5.2 274,993 9.0 149,131 2.9 64.8 35.2 Sweden 365,310 4.5 178, 138 5.8 187,172 3.7 48.8 51.2 Norway 246,1.36 3.0 99,190 3.2 140,946 2.9 40.3 59.7 Italy 226, 150 2.8 146,824 4.8 79,326 1.6 64.9 35.1 Himgary 214,885 2.6 162,259 5.3 52, 026 1.0 75.5 24.5 West North Central. 4,827,934 100.0 1,613,231 100.0 3,214,703 100.0 33.4 66.6 Germany 1,601,182 33.2 426,531 26.4 1,174,051 36.5 26.0 73.4 Norway 543, 081 11.3 198, 785 12.3 344,896 10.7 iiO. (> C>3.4 Sweden 491,949 10.2 213, •53(] 13.2 278, 419 8.7 43.4 56.0 Ireland 369,020 7.6 78,607 4.9 290, 413 9.0 21.3 78.7 Canada — . 290,219 6.1 101,975 6.3 194,244 6.0 34.4 f)5. 0 Austria 256,972 5.3 110,281 7.2 140,091 4.4 45.3 54.7 245,227 5.1 69,027 4.3 176,200 5.5 28.1 71.9 Russia 232,940 4.8 118,682 7.4 114,2.58 3.6 50.9 49.1 Denmark 1.50,405 3.1 63,906 4.0 86,557 2.7 42.5 57.5 Scotland 73,652 1.5 21,814 1.4 51,838 1.6 29.6 70.4 South Atlantic 730,398 100.0 290, 555 100.0 439,843 100.0 39.8 60.2 Germany 226,285 31.0 63,239 21.8 163,046 .37.1 27.9 72.1 Ireland ni,.597 15.3 27,471 9.5 84,120 19.1 24.6 75.4 Russia 82, 20.3 11.3 49,1)1 16.9 33,062 7.5 59.8 40.2 England 64,317 8.K 22, .582 7.8 41, 735 9.5 35.1 01.9 Italy 55, 206 7.0 1 38, 277 13.2 16,929 3.8 69.3 30.7 FOREIGN WHITE STOCK 1910 PER CENT OF TOTAL DIVISION AND COUNTRY Total. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN WIHTE STOCK CONSISTING OF— OF ORIGIN. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Foreign tom. Natives of for- eign or mixed parentage. South Atlantic— Con. Austria 33,320 4.6 20,272 7.0 13,048 3.0 60.8 39.2 Scotland 21,692 3.0 7,143 2.5 14,549 3.3 32.9 67.1 Cubaand,other W . Indiesi 21,475 2.9 11,229 3.9 10,246 2.3 52.3 47.7 Canada 19, 128 2.6 8,488 2.9 10,640 2.4 44.4 55.6 Hungary 14,154 1.9 10,599 3.6 3,555 0.8 74.9 25.1 East South Central. 301,834 100.0 86,857 100.0 214,977 100.0 28.8 71.2 Germany 125,572 41.6 28,516 32.8 97,056 45. 1 22.7 77.3 Ireland 51,346 17.0 10,123 11.7 41,223 19.2 19.7 80.3 England 26,230 8.7 7,776 9.0 18, 454 8.6 29.6 70.4 Italy 14,838 4.9 8,181 9.4 6,657 3.1 55.1 44.9 Russia 14,118 4.7 8,152 9.4 5,966 2.8 57.7 42.3 Canada 8,737 2.9 3,427 3.9 5,310 2.5 39.2 60.8 Scotland 8,736 2.9 2,503 2.9 6,233 2.9 28.7 71.3 Switzerland 7,872 2.6 2,748 3.2 5,124 2.4 34.9 65.1 France 6,888 2.3 1,829 2.1 5,059 2.4 26.6 73.4 Austria 5,461 1.8 2, 989 3.4 2,472 1.1 54.7 45.3 West South Central. 954,042 100.0 348,759 100.0 605,283 100.0 36.6 63 4 Germany 275,451 28.9 69,737 20.0 205, 714 34.0 25.3 74.7 Mexico 237,893 24.9 127,984 36.7 109,909 18.2 53.8 46.2 Austria 67,376 7.1 27,318 7.8 40,058 6.6 40.5 59.5 Italy 63,645 6.7 31,686 9.1 31,959 5.3 49.8 50.2 Ireland 59,331 53,203 6.2 11,985 15,014 3.4 47,346 38, 189 7.8 20.2 79.8 England 5.6 4.3 6.3 28.2 71.8 Russia. 29,799 3.1 14, 108 4.0 15,691 2.6 47.3 52.7 France 29,549 3.1 8,242 2.4 21,307 3.5 27.9 72.1 Canada 25,819 2.7 8,554 2.5 17,265 2.9 33.1 66.9 Sweden 16,498 1.7 6,460 1.9 10,038 1.7 39.2 60.8 Mountain 1,053,831 100.0 436,910 100.0 616,921 100.0 41.5 58.5 England 171,028 16.2 64,349 12.4 116,679 18.9 31.8 68.2 Germany 134, %7 12.8 42, 897 9.8 92,070 14.9 31.8 68.2 Ireland 93,697 8.9 26,872 6.2 66,825( 10.8 28.7 71.3 Canada 86,748 8.2 36, 172 8.3 50, 570 8.2 41.7 58.3 Mexico 78,029 7.4 45,159 10.3 32,870 5.3 57.9 42.1 Sweden 73,3'29 7.0 35,482 8.1 37, 847 6.1 48.4 51.6 Italy 50, 562 4.8 34,4321 7.9 16, 130 2.6 68.1 31.9 Austria 49,228 4.7 32, .325 7.4 16,903 2.7 65.7 34.3 Denmark 48,377 4.6 17,2.30 3.9 31,147 5.0 35.6 64.4 Russia 30,389 2.9 18,592 4.3 11,797 1.9 61.2 38.8 Pacific 1,915,103 100.0 861,448 100.0 1,063,655 100.0 45.0 65.0 Germany 347,219 18.1 123,044 14.4 223, 575 21.2 35.6 64.4 Ireland 212, 178 n.i 67,648 7.9 144, 530 13.7 31.9 68.1 Canada 210 , 5(;o 11.0 96,182 11.2 114,381 10.9 45.7 54.3 Englaml 184, 678 9.6 76,075 8.8 108, 603 10.3 41.2 58.8 Italy 126,013 ().() 82, 250 9.5 43,763 4.2 65.3 34.7 Sweden 120,748 6.3 68, ,50) 8.0 52,241 5.0 56.7 43.3 Norway 83, .305 4.3 45, 1,58 5.2 38, 147 3.6 64.2 45.8 Scotland 56,843 3.0 24,181 2.8 32,662 3.1 42.5 57.5 Russia 53,905 2.8 32,889 3.8 21,076 2.0 00.9 39.1 Portugal 52,369 2.7 22,775 2.6 29,594 2.8 43.5 50.5 I Except I’oi to Kico. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. 199 It will bo noted that the order in which the countries rank tis contributors to the forci"n-born wliite popu- lation, taken by itself, is not jilways the same as the order in which they rank as contributors to the total foreign white stock. Germany ranks first as country' of origin of the foreign white stock in all the geo- graphic divisions except the New England and Moun- tain divisions, where first place is held by Canada and England, respectively. The second place is occupied by Ireland in the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, and Pacific divisions; by Norway in the West North Central; by Mexico in the West South Central; and by Germany in the Mountain division. Table 9 shows also, for each country of origin, the pro- portion of the total foreign white stock which consists, respectively, of white persons themselves born abroad and of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The differences in the relative importance of these two classes which appear in the statistics already presented for the United States as a whole usually appear also in the statistics for each geographic division. In the case of the stock derived from the countries from which most of the earlier immigration came, there are usually more natives of foreign or mixed parentage than per- sons themselves foreign born, while the opposite is the case with respect to the stock derived from countries from which immigration has chiefly been drawn during recent years. Table 10 gives i)ercentagos computed from Table 1.3, showing the distribution of the foreign white stock from each countiy of origin among the several geographic divisions. The percentages in this table bear a general similarity to those in Table 7, which shows the distri- bution of the persons themselves born abroad. This is naturally the case, since most of tlie native whites of foreign or mixed parentage having a given country of origin reside in the sections of the country in which their parents settled. Foreign born and foreign white stock, by states. — Table 14, pages 204 to 207, ‘shows, for 1910 and 1900, the number of the foreign born in each state classified according to country of bhth, while Table 15, pages 208 and 209, shows, for 1910, the number of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage classified according to the country of birth of the foreign-born parent or parents. In the case of most countries of origin, the approximate total foreign white stock resident in a given state may be obtained by adding the figures in Table 14 to those in Table 15, since in most cases the total number of for- eign born from a given country is practically the same as the number of foreign-born whites from that country. Table lO PER CENT OF FOREIGN WHITE STOCK WITH SPECIFIED COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: 1910 DIVISION OF RESIDENCE. Total pop- ula- tion. Total for- eign white stock. Austria. Can a d a — French. Canada — Other. Denmark. England. Finland. France. Germany. Greece. Hungary. Ireland. Italy. Netherlands | (Ilolland). 1 Norway. Russia. Scotland. Sweden. Switzerland. Wales. United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 7. 1 12.0 5.4 65.4 27.2 3.5 13.8 10.1 6.5 2.1 16.5 3.7 21.7 13.2 1.3 1.4 11.5 14.8 9.3 2.2 3.3 Middle Atlantic 2i.O 32.3 43.6 8.2 13.6 9.1 32.4 8.3 28.3 26.8 16.4 55.7 42.7 58.6 19.8 5.1 54.4 32. 0 11.7 20.3 43.9 East North Central 19.8 25.4 27.8 15.6 29.3 23. 1 21.7 36.0 21.7 38.3 18.2 30.7 15.7 10.8 52.3 25.1 16.7 20. 1 26.8 31. 1 23.4 West North Central 12.7 15.0 12.8 6.5 12.9 37.6 10.6 24.0 11.2 19.3 13.3 5.0 8.2 2.6 18.7 55.5 9.2 11.2 36. 1 18.9 11.3 South Atlantic 13.3 2.3 1.7 0.2 0.9 0.6 2.8 0.3 2.6 2.7 4.8 2.0 2.5 2.6 0.5 0.3 3.2 3.3 0.4 1.7 2.3 East South Central 9. 1 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 1. 1 0.2 2.4 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.4 0. 1 0.6 1.3 0.3 2.6 1.0 West South Central 9.0 3.0 3.4 0.4 1.2 1.5 2.3 0.2 10. 1 3.3 2.0 0.5 1.3 3.0 0.8 0.7 1.2 2.3 1.2 3.4 1.2 Mountain 2.9 3.3 2.5 1.4 4.0 12. 1 7.4 6.7 3.4 1.6 12.3 0.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.3 1.2 6.4 .5.4 5.4 8.0 Pacific 4.6 5.9 2.6 2.2 10.4 12 1 8.0 14.2 13.8 4.2 14.9 1. 1 4.7 6.0 3.7 8.5 2. 1 8.6 8.9 14.4 5.5 URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES. Table 11 shows, for 1910, for the United States as a whole, the number of persons born in each of the lead- ing foreign countries, classified as resident in urban or in rural communities, with corresponding percentages. Urban communities, as defined by the Census Bureau, include all cities and other incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that population. The foreign born from most countries have settled mainly in urban communities. While considerably less than half (46.3 per cent) of the total population of the United States in 1910 was urban, 72.1 per cent of the foreign-born population was urban. There are, however, striking differences in this respect among the natives of the several foreign countries. In 1910 more than five-sixths of those from Ronmania, the West Indies, Russia, Turkey in Asia, and Ireland resided in urban communities, while more than three-fourths of those from Canada who were of French descent, and of those from Turkey in Europe, Italy, and Hungary were urban, and more than seven-tenths of those from China, England, Scotland, Austria, and Greece. On the other hand, less than half of the foreign born from Mexico, Norway, Denmark, and Japan were in urban communities, and the proportion was comparatively low also in the case of persons born in Finland, in Bulgaria, Servia, or Montenegro, in Switzerland, and in the Netherlands. Of natives of Germany — the most important class in the foreign- 200 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. born ])()j)ulation — almost exactly two-t.liirds lived in urban communities. In general, the immigi’ants from the countries of southern and eastern Europe, who have come mainly during recent years, have settled in cities to a greater extent than the immigrants from northwestern Europe, most of whom came at an earlier period. The Irish, liowever, although most of them came at an earlier period, have manifested a conspicuous preference for urban life. Table 11 COUNTRY OK HIRTII. All foreign countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro. Canada — French Canada— other clfina Cuba and other West Indies ' Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION: 1»10 Urban. Rural. Per cent urban. I’cr cent rural. COUNTRY OF lilRXn. Urban. Rural. Per cent urban. I’er cent rural. 9,745,697 3,770, 189 72.1 27.9 Italy 1,049,390 293, 735 78.1 21.9 850,507 324, 466 72.4 27.6 Mexico 75,947 145,968 34.2 65.8 29,449 19,951 59.6 40.4 Netherlands (Holland) 65,880 54, 183 54.9 45.1 10, 958 10,5.53 50.9 49. 1 313, 184 71,899 81.3 18.7 Norway 170,615 233,262 42.2 57.8 567, 801 251,753 69.3 30.7 Portugal 41,335 18,025 69.6 30.4 Roum'ania 60,593 5,330 91.9 8.1 41,936 14,820 73.9 26.1 Russia 1,393,96.5 208,817 87.0 13.0 42,977 4,658 90.2 9.8 87, 752 93, 897 48.3 51.7 Scotland 189,090 71,986 72.4 27.6 637, 105 240, 614 72.6 27.4 Spain 14,640 7,468 66.2 .33.8 64,810 64,870 50.0 50.0 Sweden 402,815 262,392 60.6 39.4 Switzerland 67,299 57,549 53.9 46.1 82,078 35, 340 69.9 30.1 1,669,315 832,018 66.7 33.3 Turkey in Asia 51,789 7,940 86.7 13.3 72,290 28,992 71.4 28.6 Turkey in Europe 25,628 6,602 79.5 20.5 383,297 112,312 77.3 22.7 Wales 54,418 28,070 66.0 .34.0 1.144,997 207,254 84.7 15.3 All other countries 50,929 20,629 71.2 28.8 FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION: 1910 1 Except Porto Rico. Table 12 shows, by geographic divisions, the num- ber of the foreign born from each of the leading for- eign countries living in urban and rural communities, respectively, together with the percentage urban. It should, of course, be borne in mind that there are great differences among the divisions with respect to the percentage of urban dwellers in the total population, which for comparison is also shown in the table. PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 16, page 210, shows, for 1910 and 1900, the foreign-born population of each city of 250,000 inhab- itants or more, distributed according to country of birth, while Table 17, pages 211 to 213, gives similar data, for 1910 only, for cities having from 25,000 to 250,000 inhabitants. The tables bring out striking differences among the cities with respect to the rela- tive importance of the different countries in con- tributing to the foreign-bora population. Table 16 also shows that many striking changes occurred be- tween 1900 and 1910. New York City in 1910 contained one-nineteenth of the total population of the United States and about one-seventh of the total foreign-born population. Of the 1,944,357 residents of the city who were born abroad, 484,193 were natives of Russia, 340,770 of Italy, 278,137 of Germany, 252,672 of Ireland, and j 190,246 of Austria, no other country being repre- sented by as many as 100,000. Of the 783,428 foreign-born residents of Cliicago in 1910, 182,289 were born in Germany, 132,063 in Austria, 121,786 in Russia, 65,965 in Ireland, and 63,035 in Sweden, less than 50,000 being natives of any other single country. The following tabular statement names for each of the cities having over 250,000 inhabitants in 1910 the two countries having the largest representation among the foreign-born population: CITY. LEADING COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF FOREIGN - BORN POPULA* tion: 1910 First. Second. Germany Russia. Canada. Canada. Austria. Hungary. Germany. Canada. Ireland. Canada. Rassia. Norway. Germany. Italy. Ru^ia. Ireland. Russia. Russia. Ireland. Germany. Ireland I Germany Germany Germany Austria." Germany Germany Ireland COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 201 PERSONS BORN IN THE LEADING FOREIGN COUNTRIES, RESIDING IN URBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 12 COUNTRY OF IlIRTH. Total population . . . Total foreign born Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands (Holland). . . Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Wales NEW ENGLAND. MIDDLE ATLANTIC. EAST NORTH CENTRAL. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. SOUTH ATLANTIC. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Urban, Rural, Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. 5,455,346 1,097,336 13,723,373 5,592,519 9,617,271 8,633,350 3,873,716 7,764,205 3,092,153 9,102,742 1,574,229 6,835,672 1,686,187 138, 923 4,073,111 778, 062 2, 195,174 878,592 633, 869 982, 826 198,996 100, 998 58,534 29,291 63,875 5,708 422,723 130,834 2()4,659 52,810 50,780 a5,507 10,736 9,548 1,518 1,472 253,255 24,901 16,761 10,251 27, 132 19,482 7,936 9,984 458 305 202 129 211,305 36,778 94, 120 27,237 143,786 82,740 36,547 48,382 4,603 3,315 2,032 1,146 6,650 1,039 16,798 3,839 25,293 17,582 17,350 46,560 691 575 247 310 146,058 9,874 244,792 61,568 110,574 59,615 32,585 36,467 13,256 9,555 4,685 3,121 11,802 2,337 10,999 1,814 16,830 26,612 11,517 18,075 159 293 43 122 9,988 946 31,945 7,770 11,401 7,614 4,217 5,468 1,733 1,028 1,083 750 64,479 5,788 644,737 110,256 616,208 305,235 153,327 273,212 45,261 17,996 20,325 8,198 16,516 248 14,741 1,152 15,476 2,440 7,436 6,553 3,386 1,244 1,187 210 15,934 973 199,833 68,118 140,743 21,518 16,335 7,937 2,870 7,730 1,085 657 320,533 13,953 538,382 77,. 374 140,681 38,585 44,717 33,897 20,793 6,692 7,475 2,649 168,703 10,727 651,258 132,511 111,023 35,805 24,246 13,992 19,137 19,147 4,602 3,581 120 18 729 76 470 459 3,440 7,387 203 39 116 no 2,028 116 18,232 8,349 37,011 22,650 3,351 17,659 357 273 207 172 7,732 716 29,977 2,707 50, 126 49,066 47,082 151,704 846 623 256 243 184,280 8,419 823,527 69,981 247,067 27,926 53,512 65,171 40,701 8,448 6,782 1,371 44,963 3,458 70,834 18, 161 33,628 15,088 9,758 12,059 3,650 3,495 1,399 1,104 64,538 6,239 68,215 19,504 123,814 54,326 83,636 129,895 1,686 1,298 732 866 3,113 603 25,190 6,158 16,617 16,613 7,090 12,081 1,047 1,029 1,352 1,396 3,147 555 29,649 8,272 11,752 6,507 2,620 5,220 885 1,122 362 367 Table 13— Continued. COUNTRY OF BIRTH. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOUNTAIN. PACIFIC. PER CENT OF PERSONS BORN IN SPECIFIED COUNTRY AND Ln’ING IN SPECIHED DIVISION WHO LIVE IN URBAN COMMtJNITIES. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. New Eng- land. Mid- dle At- lantic. East North Cen- tral. West North Cen- tral. South At- lantic. East South Cen- tral. We.«t South Cen- tral. Moun- tain. Pa- cific. Total population 1,957,456 6,827,078 947,511 1,686,006 2,382,329 1,809,975 83.3 71.0 52.7 33.3 25.4 18.7 22.3 36.0 56.8 Total foreign born 138,735 213,457 179,662 273,660 581,429 374,380 92.4 84. 0 71.4 39.2 66.3 66.6 39.4 39.6 60.8 Austria 4,633 22,691 10, 838 21,490 20,745 14,406 91.8 76. 4 83.4 43.7 52.9 50.8 17.0 33.5 59.0 Canada— French 536 509 2,099 3,177 4,805 3,161 91.0 62.1 58.2 44.3" 60.0 61.0 51.3 39.8 60.3 Canada— Other 4,001 3,624 14,202 17,134 57, 205 31,. 397 85.2 77.6 63.5 43.0 58.1 63.9 52.5 45.3 M.e Denmark 893 1,363 6,187 11,044 13,643 11,585 86.5 81.4 59.0 27. 1 54.6 44.3 39.6 35.9 54.1 England 8, 485 6,599 25,066 29,288 51,604 24,527 93.7 79.9 65.0 47.2 58.1 60.0 56.3 46.1 67. 8 Finland 139 172 3, .329 5,825 9,992 9,620 83.5 85.8 38.7 38.9 35.2 26.1 44.7 36.4 50.9 France 5,554 2, 748 1,653 2,614 14,504 6, 402 91.3 80.4 60.0 43.5 62.8 59.1 66.9 38.7 69.4 Germany 25,948 43, 812 19, 632 23, 266 79,398 44, 255 91.8 85.4 66.9 35.9 71.6 71.3 37.2 45.8 64.2 Greece 1,289 473 3,993 9,276 8,266 7,396 98.5 92.8 86.4 53.2 73.1 85.0 73.2 30.1 52.8 Hungary 664 1,292 1,727 2,569 4.106 1,518 94.2 74.6 86. 7 67.3 27.1 62.3 33.9 40.2 73.0 Ireland 8,124 3,870 14,599 12,274 49,693 17,960 95.8 87.4 78.5 56.9 75. 7 73.8 67.7 54.3 73.5 Italy 14,647 17,039 10, 268 24, 165 45,506 30, 768 94.0 83.1 75. 6 63.4 50.0 .56.2 46.2 29.8 55.3 Mexico 42,156 86,761 12, 447 33,346 16, 266 17, 772 87.0 90.6 50.6 31.8 83.9 51.3 32.7 27.2 47.8 Netherlands (Holland) 378 534 1,781 1,886 2,535 2,544 94.6 68.6 62.0 15.9 56.7 54.6 41.4 48.6 49.9 Norway 1,070 1,437 5 ; 157 9,972 28,369 le; 794 91.5 91.7 50.5 23.7 57.6 51.3 42.7 34.1 02.8 Russia 6,711 7,400 8,578 10,016 22, 807 10,085 95.6 92.2 89.8 45. 1 82.8 83.2 47.6 46.1 69.3 Scotland 2,038 2,115 6,522 8,621 16, 298 7,885 92.9 79.6 69.0 44.7 51.1 65.9 49.1 43.1 67. 4 Sweden 2,320 4,143 15, 736 19, 749 42, 138 26,372 91.2 77.8 69.5 39.2 56.5 45.8 3.5.9 44.3 61.5 Switzerland 1,471 2,297 2,338 4,632 9,081 12, 740 83.8 80.4 50.0 37.0 50.4 49.2 39.0 33.5 41.6 Wales 401 495 2,6.54 3,503 2,948 2,029 85.0 78.2 64.4 33.4 44.1 49.7 44.8 43.1 59.2 202 ABSTRACT OF THE (CENSUS— POPULATION. FOREIGN WHITE STOCK BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. 'I'ublo 13 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. UNITED STATES. NEW ENGLAND, MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- horn white. Native white of foreign or mixed, parentage. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parent- age. Number. I'er cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. All foreign countries Austria Uelgium Bulgaria, Sorvia, and Montenegro. . .. Canada — French Canada— Other Cuba and other West Indies 2 Denmark England Finland France Gernrany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mexico Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Rouinania Russia Scotland ; Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Tin-key in Europe Wales All other countries Of mixed foreign parentage ^ 32, 243, 382 100.0 13,345,545 18, 897, 837 3, 867, 095 100.0 1,814,386 2, 052, 709 10,417,491 100.0 4, 826, 179 5,591,312 2,001,569 89,204 22,685 932,238 1,822,377 41,842 400,064 2,322,442 211,026 292,389 8,282,618 109,665 700,227 4, 504, .360 2,098,360 382,002 293,574 979,099 111,122 87,721 2,541,649 659, 663 33, 134 1,. 364,215 301,650 78,631 35,314 248,947 118,453 1,177,092 6.2 0.3 0. 1 2.9 5. 7 0. 1 1.2 7.2 0.7 0.9 25.7 0.3 2.2 14.0 6. 5 1.2 0.9 3.0 0.3 0.3 7.9 2.0 0.1 4. 2 0.9 0.2 0. 1 0.8 0. 4 3.7 1,174,924 49,397 21,451 385,083 810,987 23, 169 181,021 876, 455 129,669 117,236 2,501,181 101,264 495,600 1,352,1.55 1,343,070 219,802 120,053 403,858 57,623 65,9-20 1,602,752 261,034 21,977 665, 183 124,834 59,702 32,221 82, 479 64, 845 826,635 39,867 1,234 547, 1.55 1,011,390 18,673 218,443 1,445,987 81,3.57 175, 153 5,781,437 8,401 204,627 3, 1.52,205 755,290 162,-200 173, .521 57.5,241 53, 499 21,801 938,897 398,6-29 11,157 699,032 176,816 18,929 3,093 166, 468 53,608 •1,177,092 107, 127 4, 1.59 386 609,241 495, 143 2,212 14, 199 320, 834 21,378 18,985 176,945 18, 131 26,016 978,352 277,361 197 3,910 13,367 53,721 2,821 291,618 97,740 1,767 126, 471 6,620 24,377 8,250 8,225 29,569 127,973 2.8 0. 1 (■) 15.8 12.8 0. 1 0. 4 8.3 0.6 0.5 4.0 0.5 0.7 -25.3 7.2 (1) 0. 1 0. 3 1. 4 0. 1 7.5 2.5 (') 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.8 3.3 . 69,583 3,264 323 278, 156 245,8.59 1,270 7,685 1.55,675 14,1.39 10,917 70,201 16,764 16,907 334, 475 179,428 132 2,139 8, 447 .32,453 2,054 192,697 48,413 1,158 70, 774 3,715 19,237 7,663 3,702 17,090 .37,544 895 63 331,085 249,284 936 6,514 165, 159 7,239 8,068 106,684 1,367 9,109 643,877 97,933 65 1,771 4,920 21,268 767 98,921 49,327 609 55,697 2,905 5,140 587 4,523 12, 479 127,973 873, 467 16,426 2,852 76,146 247,729 13.009 36, .3-26 752,940 17,451 82,824 2.2- 22,900 18.009 389, 738 1,922,099 1.2- 29,462 1,153 58,081 49,719 1,827 60, 491 1,382,493 211,237 6,892 160,268 61,143 20,982 9,136 109,310 21,409 301,972 8. 4 0.2 (') 0.7 2. 4 0. 1 0.3 7.2 0.2 0.8 21.3 0.2 3.7 18.5 11.8 (*) 0.6 0.5 (') 0.6 13.3 2.0 0.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.2 3.5 553,546 10,600 2,561 27,012 119,959 8,212 20,625 305,826 12,811 39,663 754,939 15,893 267,949 615,717 783,758 743 26,577 32,680 961 44,401 893,498 88,975 4,564 87,717 31,344 16,358 8,141 37,916 13,233 319,921 5,826 291 49, 134 127,770 4,797 15,701 447,114 4,640 43,161 1,467,961 2,116 121,789 1,306,382 445,704 410 31,504 17,039 8G6 16,090 488,995 122,262 2,328 72,551 29,799 4,624 995 71,394 8,176 361,972 Table 13 — Continued. V COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. EAST NORTH CENTRAL. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parentage. Total foreign white stock. Foreign- born white. Native white of foreign or mixed parent- age. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. All foreign countries Austria Belgium Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro Canada— French Canada — Other Cuba and other West Indies^ Denmark England Finland F ranee Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Mexico - Netherlands (Holland) Norway Portugal Roumania Russia Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland - Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe Wales .\11 other countries of mi.xexl foreign parentage ■' 8,175,654 100.0 3, 067, 220 5,108,434 4, 827, 934 100.0 1,613,231 3,214,703 730, 398 100.0 290,555 439,843 556, 527 46, 223 5, 253 145, 255 533.884 1,191 92,602 503, 985 76, 042 63, 430 3, 172, 097 19, 943 214.885 706, 740 226, 150 1,212 153, 496 246, 136 1,4.31 11,894 424, 124 132, 743 1, 100 36.5,310 93, 897 10, 170 7,936 .58,348 16, 265 2.S7,;S85 6.8 0.6 0.1 1.8 6.5 (') 1.1 6.2 0.9 0.8 38.8 0.2 2.6 8.6 2.8 (>) 1.9 3.0 (') 0.1 5.2 1.6 (‘) 4.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.5 317, 462 22, 925 4,916 46,614 223, 672 596 42, 872 170, 131 43,442 19, 004 921,417 17,914 162, 259 179,2.57 146, 824 905 59,661 99, 190 .50.5 9, 945 274, 993 48,712 603 178, 138 33, 229 7, 887 7,411 18, 258 8, 478 239,065 23,298 337 98,641 310,212 595 49, 730 333,854 .32,600 44, 426 2,250,680 2, 029 52, 626 527, 483 79,326 307 93,835 146, 946 926 1,949 149, 131 84,031 497 187, 172 60, 668 2,283 525 40, 090 7,787 287,:i85 256, 972 11,832 4,697 61,047 235, 172 787 150, 465 245, 227 50,711 32, 863 1,601,182 14,631 35, 111 369,020 55, 123 11,296 54, 961 543,681 203 7,012 232, 940 73, 052 1,060 491,949 .56, 971 5, 425 3, 252 28, 129 12, 467 180,096 5.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 4.9 (>) 3.1 5.1 1.1 0.7 33.2 0.3 0.7 7.6 1.1 0.2 1.1 11.3 (') 0.1 4.8 1.5 (') 10.2 1.2 0. 1 0. 1 0.6 0.3 3.7 116,281 6,146 4,574 17,920 84,0.55 349 63, 908 69, 027 29,591 9,681 426,531 13, 989 24, 271 78, 607 38, 234 10, 696 21,010 198, 78.5 89 5, 401 118,682 21,814 678 213, .530 19, 171 3,873 3, 049 7, 840 5, 449 140, 691 5,686 123 43,127 151, 117 438 86, 557 176, 200 21,1-20 23, 182 1, 174, 6,51 642 10, 840 290,413 16,889 600 33,951 344, 896 lit 1,611 114,2.58 51,838 382 278,419 37, 800 1,.5.52 203 20, 289 7,018 180,096 33,320 1,699 196 1,963 17, 165 21, 475 2, 522 64,317 620 7,487 226,285 5, 294 14, 154 111,597 55, 206 338 1,528 3, 101 311 1,479 82, 203 21,692 6, 764 6, 062 5,178 3,987 1,845 ,5, 791 3,648 •23, 168 4.6 0.2 (>) 0.3 2.4 2.9 0.3 8.8 0.1 1.0 31.0 0.7 1.9 15.3 7.6 (>) 0.2 0.4 (') 0.2 11.3 3.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.5 3.2 20,272 1, 135 174 763 7,725 11,229 1,263 22, 582 452 2, 747 63,239 4,629 10, 599 27, 471 38, 277 203 629 1,468 143 1,055 49,141 7,143 4,9,54 2,981 2,071 2, 770 1,6.50 2, 006 1,784 13,048 564 22 1,200 9,440 10,246 1,259 41,735 168 4, 740 163,046 665 3,555 84, 126 16,9-29 135 899 1,633 171 424 33,062 14, .549 1,810 3,081 3, 107 1,217 195 3,785 1,864 23, 168 > I/Pss than one-tentli of 1 por cent. 2 ICxccpt I’orto Rico. * Native whites whose parents were born in different foreign countries; for o.xample, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. COUNTIIY OF OIUGIN. FOREIGN WHITE STOIHv HY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, RY DIVIRIONS: 1910— Continued. 203 'Table 13— Continued. KAST SOUTH CENTRAL. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOUNTAIN. PACIFIC. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. Total foreign white stock. For- eign born white. Native white of for- eign or mixed parent- age. Total foreign white stock. For- oign- bom white. Native white of for- eign or mixed parent- age. Total foreign white stock. For- eign- born white. Native white of for- eign or mixed parent- age. I'otal foreign white stock. For- eipn- bom white. Native white of for- eign or mixed parent- age. 1,053,655 N um- ber. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. All foreign countries. . 301, 834 100.0 86, 857 214,977 954, 042 100.0 348, 759 605, 283 1, 053, 831 100.0 436,910 616,921 1,915,103 100.0 861,448 ■Austria 5,461 1.8 2,989 2,472 67,376 7.1 27,318 40,0.58 49,228 4.7 32,325 16,903 52,081 2.7 35, 148 16,933 Belgium 304 0. 1 162 202 1,808 0.2 921 887 1,634 0.2 980 654 5,119 0.3 3,264 1,855 Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro 247 0.1 196 51 468 f>) 395 73 4,848 0.5 4,720 128 3,738 0.2 3, .592 140 Canada— Fronch 1,028 0.3 331 697 3,542 0.4 1,045 2,497 13,509 1.3 5, 276 8,233 20,507 1.1 7,966 12,541 Canada— Other 7,709 2.6 3,096 4,613 22,277 2.3 7,509 14,768 73,239 6.9 ,30,896 42,343 190,059 9.9 88,216 101,843 Cuba and other West Indies > 324 0.1 157 167 1,360 0.1 523 837 286 (‘) 152 134 1,198 0.1 675 523 Denmark....* 1,305 0.4 557 748 5,922 0.6 2,254 3,668 48, 377 4.6 17,230 31, 147 48, 346 2.5 25,227 23,119 England 26,230 8.7 7,776 18,454 53, 203 5.6 15,014 38, 189 171,028 16.2 54,349 116,679 184,678 9.6 76,075 108, (4)3 Finland 320 0. 1 165 155 466 (‘) 310 156 14,078 1.3 9,151 4,927 29,960 1.6 19,608 10,352 Franco 6,888 2.3 1,829 5,059 29,549 3.1 8,242 21,307 9,981 0.9 4,264 5,717 40,382 2.1 20, 889 19, 493 Germany 125,572 41.6 28,516 97,056 275,451 28.9 69, 737 205, 714 134,967 12.8 42, 897 92,070 347,219 18. 1 123, 644 223,575 Greece 1,642 0.5 1,397 245 2, 192 0.2 1,762 430 13, 438 1.3 13,266 172 16,385 0.9 15,650 735 Himgary 2,570 0.9 1,742 828 3,454 0.4 1,956 1,498 6,402 0.6 4,296 2, 106 7,897 0.4 5,621 2, 276 Ireland. 51,346 17.0 10, 123 41,223 59,331 6.2 11,985 47,346 93, 697 8.9 26; 872 66,825 212,178 11.1 67,648 144, 530 Itirfy 14,838 4.9 8, 181 6,657 63,645 6.7 31,686 31,959 50, 562 4.8 34,432 16, 130 126,013 6.6 82,250 43,763 Mexico 340 0.1 209 131 237,893 24.9 127,984 109,909 78,029 7.4 45, 159 32,870 51,544 2.7 33,771 17, 773 Netherlands (Holland).. 1,031 0.3 379 652 2,435 0.3 912 1,523 7,223 0.7 3,667 3,556 10,909 0.6 5,079 .5,830 Norway 1,161 0.4 499 662 6,493 0.7 2,505 3,988 32, 136 3.0 15, 126 17,010 83,305 4.3 45, 158 38, 147 Portugal 39 (>) 7 32 454 (■) 171 283 704 0.1 519 245 52,369 2.7 22,775 29,594 Roumania 456 0.2 317 139 574 0.1 435 139 902 0.1 724 178 2,092 0.1 1,588 504 Russia 14,118 4.7 8, 152 5,966 29,799 3.1 14, 108 15,691 30,389 2.9 18,592 11,797 53,965 2.8 32,889 21,076 Scotland 8,736 2.9 2,503 6,233 14,933 1.6 4,151 10,782 42,087 4.0 15, 142 26,945 56,843 3.0 24, 181 32, 662 Spain 745 0.2 201 544 3, .582 0.4 1,613 1,969 3, 680 0.3 3, 143 537 7,544 0.4 5,063 2,481 Sweden 3,580 1.2 1,597 1,983 16,498 1.7 6,460 10,038 73., 329 7.0 35, 482 37,847 120,748 6.3 68,504 ,52,244 Switzerland 7,872 2.6 2,748 5, 124 10,386 1.1 3,767 6,619 16, 187 1.5 6,970 9,217 43,396 2.3 21,819 21,577 Turkey in Asia 2,030 0.7 1,392 638 3,787 0.4 2,615 1,172 1,729 0.2 1,243 486 6, 144 0.3 4,327 1,817 Turkey in Europe 394 0. 1 282 112 818 0. 1 612 206 1,379 0.1 1,320 59 2,304 0.1 2,093 211 Wales 2,433 0.8 729 1,704 3,097 0.3 896 2,201 19,810 1.9 6, 157 13, 653 13,804 0.7 4,975 8,829 All other countries 1,434 0. 5 625 809 4,253 0.4 1,873 2,380 4,822 0.5 2,560 2, 262 24,586 1.3 13,753 10,833 Of mixed foreign parent- age 3 11,621 3.9 11,621 28,996 3.0 28,996 56,091 5.3 56,091 99,790 5.2 99,790 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ’ Except Porto Rico. * Native whites whose parents were Ijorn in different foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. 2 ( I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 00 61 62 63 (i4 05 60 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSES— POPULATION FOREIGN-BORN rOPULATJON BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, FOR THE '■'able I } TERSONS BORN IN— HIVISION OR STATE AND CENSUS YEAR. UNITED STATES: 1910 1900 1890 New England: 1910 19(M) 1890 Middle Atlantic: 1910 1900 1890 East North Central: 1910 19(K) 1890 West North Central: 1910 1900 1890 South Atlantic: 1910 1900 1890 East South Central: 1910 1900 1890 West South Central: 1910 1900 1890 Mountain: 1910 1900 1890 Pacific: 1910 1900 1890 NEW ENGLAND. Maine: 1910 1900 - New Hampshire: 1910 1900 Vermont: 1910 1900 Massachusetts: 1910 1900 Rhode Island: 1910 1900 Connecticut: 1910 1900 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. New York: 1910 1900 New .Tersey: 1910 1900 - Penn.svlvania: 19i0 1900 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Ohio: 1910 1900 Indiana: 1910 1900 Illinois: 1910 - 1900 Michigan: 1910 !9(M) WLscon.sin: 1910 1900 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Minnc-sota: 1910 191X) Iowa: 1910 HHK) .Missouri: 1910 19(H) North Dakota: 1910 IIHX) I’olal foreign born. 13,515,886 10, 341,276 9,249,560 Au.stria.> Bel- gium. Bulga- ria, Ser- via, and Monte- negro.* Canada.* China. Cuba and other West Indies.* Den- mark. England Fin- land.* France. Germany . ' French. Other. 1, 174,973 491,295 241,377 49,400 29,757 22, 639 21,511 385, 083 395, 126 302,496 819, 554 784, 796 678, 442 56, 758 81. 534 106, 701 47,635 25,435 23,256 181,649 153, 690 132, 543 877,719 840,513 900,092 129, 680 62, 641 117,418 104,197 113, 174 2,501,333 2,813,628 2,784,894 1,825,110 69, 583 3,264 333 278, 156 248,083 2, .598 3,101 7,689 155,932 14,139 10,934 70,267 1,445,237 23,. 564 1,168 275,435 235, 755 .3,836 1,660 6,0,58 139,087 6,231 7,573 73,814 1,142, 432 3,513 647 205,761 174,406 1,686 1,547 3,958 133,569 6, 619 63 (W2 4,851,173 553, 557 10,601 2,562 27,012 121,357 0,882 21,505 20,637 306,360 12,813 39,715 7,54,993 3,317,559 208, .591 7,116 29,785 109,642 10,064 8,399 1.5,176 295,944 5,403 34,709 848,030 2,745,745 70,290 o, 136 23, 593 86, 469 5,000 11,239 313,352 34,190 835, 209 3,073,766 317,469 22,925 4,916 46,614 226,526 2,504 1,082 42,875 170, 189 43,442 19,015 921, 443 2,625,226 131,181 14,629 55, 554 242,091 2,459 726 40,498 181,843 24,890 20,602 1,073,976 2,510, 924 74, 475 11,003 46, 78S 228, 784 1,356 628 33,938 211,758 26, 199 1,054 ^>78 1,616,695 116,287 6,146 4,577 17,920 84,929 1,010 607 63,910 69,052 29,592 9,685 426,539 1,533,248 76,216 3,849 21,465 103,213 1,106 366 59,347 78, .526 12,746 10,043 496,096 1,549, 190 64,21^ 3,371 18,924 107, 163 1,169 408 KX), 640 12, 416 515,834 299,994 20,284 1,135 175 763 7,918 1,223 18,387 1,266 22,811 452 2,761 63,257 216,030 7,384 248 636 6,284 1,6,52 12,500 879 20,274 171 2,375 74,215 208, 525 3,862 220 284 0,128 641 12,978 623 21,520 2,509 81,449 87, 825 2,990 162 196 331 3,178 313 499 557 7,806 165 1,833 28, .523 90,568 1,514 172 419 2,960 372 2.53 376 8,608 78 2,219 37,744 102,114 942 163 124 3,034 229 168 345 10,851 2,699 44,213 352, 192 27,324 922 397 1,045 7,625 1,009 1,081 2,256 15,084 311 8,302 69,760 267,087 20,242 670 1,041 5,842 1,430 827 1,699 13,575 191 9,428 73,798 219, 720 13,155 525 27C 4, 725 1, 143 937 1,043 13, 760 11,677 70, 432 453,322 .32, ,328 980 4,733 5,276 31,. 336 4,684 276 17,231 54, 354 9, 1.54 4,267 42, .898 301,969 12,744 482 5,608 26, 582 7, 524 141 15,328 50, 766 6,305 3,152 33, 161 257,279 4,904 337 3,361 22, 223 11,671 136 13, 843 52, 603 3, 122 31,021 955, 809 35, 151 3, 265 3,622 7,966 .8.8,602 36, .533 1,097 25,228 76, 131 19,612 20,906 123,653 544,352 9,859 .,423 5, 183 52, 427 53,091 563 14,329 51,890 7,626 14,096 102,794 513,631 6,022 1,237 3,390 46,510 83,806 766 11,8.59 51,039 13,743 89,346 110,562 831 30 32 35,013 41,210 65 SO 929 5,651 831 290 1,282 93,330 203 ■23 30,908 36, 169 102 79 886 4,793 179 180 1,365 90, 667 2,438 175 21 40,865 17,013 53 40 131 4,862 1,198 169 2,046 88, 107 712 25 44,420 14,547 104 21 /O 5,100 321 211 2,014 49,921 1,087 25 2 14,643 11,415 7 37 172 2,464 293 219 798 44,747 353 18 14,984 10, 671 36 15 110 2,447 53 171 900 1,059,245 35, 455 1,745 169 134,659 162, 710 1,873 2,287 3,405 92,658 10,744 5,926 30, 555 846,324 12,931 510 134,416 158, 7.53 2,681 1,093 2,470 82,346 5,104 3,905 32,927 179,141 0,130 959 50 34, 087 7,867 215 316 328 27,834 297 1,711 4,459 134,519 1,4.57 383 31,533 7,744 344 18*5 268 2'2,832 132 679 4,360 .329,574 ■23,642 330 59 18,889 7,868 385 341 2,724 ‘22,463 776 2,619 31,127 238,210 7,908 209 19,174 7,871 569 •267 2,249 21,569 442 2,427 32,248 ■2,748,011 245,004 3,484 1,033 24,563 98,988 4,482 17,483 1'2, 544 146,870 8,760 23,472 436,911 1,900,425 104,534 1,787 27, 199 90,336 6,880 0,436 8,740 135,685 4,048 ■20,008 499,820 660, 788 56, 779 1,867 122 l,-203 7,932 932 1,917 5,059 50,375 1,640 0,240 122,880 431,884 17,645 1,197 1,118 6,014 1,344 813 3,899 45,428 367 .5,543 121,414 1,442,374 251,774 .5,250 1,407 1,246 14,437 1,468 2,105 3,034 109,115 2,413 10,003 195,202 985,250 86,412 4,132 1,4(;8 13,292 1,840 1,1.30 2,531 114,831 9X8 9,158 ■226, 796 598,374 72,887 1,,525 1,697 2,310 21,382 308 245 1,837 43,347 3,988 4,,S38 175,095 458, 734 27,982 600 2,903 19,804 348 154 1,408 44, 745 2,814 5,l')04 212,829 159,663 ll,a'il 2, 298 570 789 5,049 190 82 900 9,783 ■215 2,388 62,179 142,121 3,022 2,57() 948 4,986 201 36 783 10,874 109 2,984 77,811 1,205,314 11.3,025 9,399 1,875 7,440 ■38,311 1,.560 551 17,369 60,363 2,390 7,972 319,199 966, 747 67, 07,3 4,394 9, 1'29 •11,466 1,462 328 15,680 61,390 859 7,787 309, OOO .597,, 550 31,034 5, 683 375 28,083 144,7.80 187 1.50 6,315 42,737 31,144 2, 121 131,586 541,653 10,272 2, ('A7 32,483 151,915 245 129 6,390 ■13,839 18,910 2,590 145,292 512,865 38,692 4,020 393 7,992 17,004 163 54 10,454 13,9.59 5, 705 1,.396 ■233,384 515,971 22,832 4,412 10,091 23,860 203 79 16,171 17,995 2, 198 1,637 268,384 543,. 595 37.121 1,.557 2, 121 11,062 30,0,59 249 112 16,137 12, 139 26.637 1,160 109,628 505,318 20,896 957 1-2,063 35, 615 153 64 16,299 12,022 10,727 1,149 P25, 191 273, 765 15,967 929 635 914 10,675 76 76 17,961 16, 788 110 1,618 98,7.59 305,920 13, 156 491 1,519 14, 168 102 72 17,102 21.027 •17 1,905 123,277 220, 779 16,222 1,000 451 779 7.290 452 272 1.729 13.760 120 2,791 ,88.2'26, 216,379 8,275 864 1,059 7,557 442 148 1,510 l,5,0t'i6 06 3, '288 110,758 1.56, 6.54 .5, 1 19 229 208 2,376 19,131 30 9 5,355 3,070 1,186 265 16, ,572 113, (Hll 2,802 LTl 3,162 •25,004 31 4 3,953 2,909 651 261 12, 198 > Eor tile census of 1890 per.sons reported as born in Poland are included under “.Ml other enuntries;'’ for tlie censut^es of 1910 and 1900 (so far as possible) they are rlbuled under Austria, Germany, and Russia, respectively. ■' Included Newfoundland for 1900 and 1890. 2 Included under “All other counlrics" for 1900 and 1890. * Excciit Porto Rico. " Included with Russia for 1890. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 205 UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS, 1890-1910, AND BY STATES, 1910 AND 1900. PERSONS nor.N IN— 1 2 3 4 fl 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 2:1 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 Greece. Hun- gary. Ireland. Italy. Japan. Mo.xico. Nether- land.s (Hol- land). Norway. Port u- gal. Ilouinn- ni,a.« Itussia.i Scot- land. Spain. Sweden. Switz- erland. 'Tur- key in Asia. 8 Tur- key in Eu- rope.® Wales. All other coun- tries.! 101,282 8,515 1,887 495, 009 145,714 62,435 1,352,251 1,015,459 1,871,509 1,343, 125 484, 027 182,580 67, 744 24,788 2,292 221,915 103, 393 77, 853 120, 063 94,931 81,828 403, 877 336,388 322, 685 59,360 30, 608 15,998 65,923 15, 032 1,002,782 678,102 182,644 261,076 233,524 242,231 22, 108 7,050 6,185 665, 207 582, 014 478, 041 124, 848 115,593 104, 069 59, 729 32, 230 9,910 1,839 7,603 3,577 458 8,147 3, 102 664 7,411 771 146 3,049 550 177 1,651 216 53 282 145 19 613 547 73 1,321 259 37 2,093 743 212 82,488 93,586 100, 079 71,558 80, 030 200, 813 19,240 16, 764 2,102 83 15,893 2,153 621 17,916 2,062 358 13,989 202 46 4,630 075 107 1,397 213 76 1,78!^ 264 191 13,269 314 61 15, 662 532 384 10,907 6,928 1.624 267,951 99, 474 4;i,916 162, 261 26, ,534 10, 116 24, 272 0,396 3,734 10,600 2,104 1,153 1,742 814 515 1,966 1,010 351 4,296 1,271 480 6.624 1,177 546 .334,486 387, ,570 412, 846 615,756 726, ,300 828,270 179,266 238, 613 287,815 78,614 111,192 145,904 27,48.5 36,006 48,003 10, 124 10,302 23,411 11,994 15,3.38 19, 787 26,873 27,584 29,645 07,653 55,948 75,828 179,430 61,297 16,829 783,769 290, 768 101,792 146,828 44,521 16,571 38,238 10,564 5,266 38, 284 10,509 4,894 8,183 3,608 2,242 31,686 22, 550 10,072 34,433 14, 295 7,422 82,274 25,915 17,492 201 129 108 1,537 512 285 475 155 123 990 240 26 149 36 54 26 13 9 402 28 22 10,236 5,120 35 53,068 18,555 1,630 138 70 141 805 518 510 929 807 350 10,827 327 329 242 195 207 226 139 128 128,917 71,752 52,001 45,793 21,367 16,887 34,038 8,212 7,294 2,144 1,278 817 26,581 20,312 16,942 59,601 62,215 47,095 21,010 16,560 14,214 630 538 341 379 271 233 912 494 299 3,667 1,292 656 5,079 1,971 1,231 8,448 .5,244 3,927 32,684 16, 230 12, 157 99, 192 100, 159 104,626 198,786 185,413 179,221 1,469 998 660 499 408 262 2,507 1,748 1,545 15,129 8,388 5,960 45,163 17,740 14,307 3:1,916 16,701 4, 239 1,030 548 435 508 337 407 89 55 108 204 120 151 14 17 27 182 166 209 525 317 336 22,892 12,347 10,084 2,0.')4 486 192, 699 63,357 11,795 893, 508 325,067 81, 101 274, 993 78,817 27, 727 118,683 65,605 42,180 49, 149 20,478 5,900 8,153 3,848 1,247 14,111 7, .346 1,466 18,594 4, 630 3,387 32,892 8,954 7,841 48,421 42, 157 38,800 88,995 78,459 80,576 48,716 47,065 51,250 21,817 25,058 30,369 7, 145 6,470 7, 144 2,503 2,756 3,308 4,153 3,430 3, 185 15, 143 12, 756 12, 538 24, 183 15,373 15,055 1,160 4.53 440 4,615 1,948 1,964 614 4.33 317 680 402 389 4,985 1,279 621 203 170 161 1,623 892 1,153 3,152 407 235 5,076 1,006 905 70,777 59,415 35,821 87, 719 74, 175 51,935 178,140 170,923 141,291 213,531 207,946 194,580 2,984 2, 131 1,797 1,598 1,.350 1,115 6,463 5,684 3,605 35,485 28,549 22,928 68,510 31,841 24,909 3,716 3,181 2,344 31,348 26,955 21,864 33,230 34, 795 32,406 19,171 21,055 22,009 2,076 1,954 1,815 2, 748 3,216 3, 199 3,768 3,335 2,894 6,970 5,626 4,388 21,821 15,476 13, 150 3,702 3,9051 3,603 37, 921 43,^52 47,478 18,259 22, 122 22,997 7,840 9,615 11,406 2,007 1,810 1,787 729 973 1,419 896 821 569 6,157 6,525 6.910 4,977 3,859 3.910 19,105 13, 190 13,823 14, 1,57 21,875 65,079 8,534 15,908 78, 115 5,575 7, 855 19,398 2,046 3.077 4,564 755 1,542 1,975 2.077 2,866 4,631 2,789 2,406 2, 153 16,520 11,300 11,075 44,403 12, 286 16,360 9,945 540 7,888 5,401 1,180 3,879 1,055 218 2,771 317 68 1,,394 435 68 2, 619 724 70 1,249 1,589 lie 4,329 31 579 157 7,890 3,468 12 28 27 580 82 20 4,752 2,389 111 2,203 56 744 721 204 295 32 7 29 10,159 1,334 10 3 22 509 53 1,358 2,127 29 1,935 84 199 540 33 2,034 66 10,013 2,071 1 6 48 491 no 26 4,345 1,979 17 2,068 78 891 1,965 5S 189 34 44 84 13,547 947 1 3 21 295 29 1 1,044 2,019 5 2,032 90 65 68 256 35 113 539 4,940 4,594 3 6 25 102 79 17 2,455 2,615 351 1,331 214 189 31 1,043 112 36 3 128 7,453 2,154 1 3 20 54 53 (515 2,049 53 1,020 98 22 1,056 207 37 11,413 1,996 222,867 85,056 160 71 1,597 5,432 26,487 858 117,261 28,416 549 39,562 1,341 12,546 3,592 1,513 16,402 38 1,843 926 249,916 28,785 78 41 993 3,335 13,453 128 37,919 24,332 239 32, 192 1,277 2,896 1,680 9,155 39 951 294 29,718 27,287 30 8 143 578 6,501 415 9,765 6,272 40 7,405 221 3,132 658 268 1,202 40 84 69 35,501 8,972 14 4 69 342 2,545 no 3,278 5,455 23 6,072 166 284 256 1,358 41 1,074 13,855 58,458 56,954 65 19 304 1,205 707 718 54, 121 6,750 92 18,208 1,800 1,738 690 616 905 42 121 5,692 70,994 19,105 25 22 153 709 568 247 19, 143 6,175 104 16,164 1,499 226 650 1,080 43 K),097 96,843 367,889 472,201 1,163 555 12,652 25,013 600 .34,443 558,956 39,437 3,766 53,705 16,315 9,478 5,004 7,404 8,776 44 1,573 37,168 42.5,653 182,248 392 353 9,414 12,001 302 10,549 202,957 33,862 1,614 42,708 13,678 1,915 7,304 10,695 45 1,575 47,610 82,768 115,446 193 97 12,698 5,351 145 2,208 93,567 17,512 495 10,547 7,549 2,390 389 1,202 2, 104 46 115 14,913 94,844 41,805 67 55 10,261 2»296 02 478 28,398 14,211 145 7,337 6,570 630 1,195 3,654 47 4,221 123,498 165,109 196, 122 181 153 1,231 2,320 225 7,752 240,985 32,046 354 23,467 7,484 4,486 2,7,54 29,255 3,277 48 465 47,393 205,909 66,655 53 110 637 1,393 124 1,259 03,712 30,386 189 24, 130 6,707 551 35,453 7,526 49 2,655 85,881 40,062 41,620 70 85 2,278 1,110 182 3,974 48, 756 10, 705 123 5,522 10,988 2,031 1,94.5 9,377 1,561 50 213 16,463 55,018 11,321 28 63 1,719 039 117 100 14,542 9,327 44 3,951 12,007 164 11,481 2,236 51 1,370 14,370 11,266 6,911 41 47 2,131 531 6 709 9,599 3,419 40 5,081 2,765 809 2,274 1,498 510 52 82 1,379 16,300 1,327 6 43 1,678 384 4 64 2,273 2,805 75 4,673 3,472 74 2,083 1,063 53 10,031 39,8.59 93,455 72,163 274 672 14,402 32,913 291 4,306 149,016 20,756 364 115,424 8,661 2,690 2,453 4,091 4,040 54 1,570 6,734 114,563 23,523 102 150 11,916 29,979 200 312 45,790 20,021 227 109,147 9,033 286 4,364 6,590 55 1,196 11,597 20,434 16,861 66 86 33, 471 7,038 20 510 37,978 9, 952 63 26,374 2, 780 1,567 342 786 1,354 56 1»4 835 29, 182 6,178 14 56 30,406 7,582 10 11 8,662 10,343 61 20,956 2,617 101 838 2,955 57 2,764 10,564 14,049 9,273 34 39 7,379 57,000 9 446 29,644 3,885 34 25,739 8,036 791 397 2,507 1,064 68 63 1,123 23,544 2,172 5 499 6,490 61,575 6 53 7,550 4,509 26 26, 196 7,666 146 3,356 3,066 59 1,660 .5,582 15,859 9,669 67 52 3,542 105,303 16 2,008 17, .541 4,373 53 122,428 2,992 098 528 1,023 1,619 60 76 2, 182 22,428 2,222 58 24 2,717 104,895 8 483 7,286 4,810 150 115, 476 3,258 125 1,288 2,497 61 3,356 1, 178 17,756 5,846 33 020 11,337 21,924 8 384 6,310 5, 162 40 26,763 3,675 600 479 2, 434 1,292 62 18 453 28,321 1, 198 11 29 9,388 25, 034 2 84 2,455 6, 425 21 29,875 4,342 93 3,091 1,614 63 2,790 11,532 23, 297 12,984 100 1,413 988 060 44 1,522 21,402 3,651 266 6,654 6, 141 1,084 1,000 1,219 a37 64 66 902 31,832 4,345 11 162 812 530 10 115 8,340 3,878 61 6,692 6,819 88 1,613 1, 465 65 1,083 2,855 2,498 1,262 58 8 709 45,937 3 1,070 31,910 1, 696 13 12, 160 560 392 270 222 308 66 1,327 2,670 700 148 1 317 30,206 1 3.53 15,097 1,800 (5 8,419 374 104 147 302 » Included under “All other countries” for 1890. * Turkey in Asia I Included Finland for 1890. included with Turkey in Europe for 1900 and 1890. See also note 1 . 206 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, FOR THE Table 11 — Coutiuuod. DIVISION OR STATE AND CENSUS YEAR. Total foreign born. Austria. Bel- gium. Bulga- ria, Ser- via, and Monte- negro.i WEST NORTH CENTRAL— Contd. South Dakota; 1 1910 100, 790 ,5,372 237 501 2 1900 88,508 3,203 126 Nebraska: 3 1910 170,662 24,362 491 183 4 bUOO 177,347 21,188 272 Kamas: 5 1910 135, 450 12,094 1,703 118 0 1900 120,685 6, 636 985 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Delaware; 7 1910 17,492 992 8 1 8 1900 13,810 227 9 Maryland: 9 1910 104,944 8,254 59 31 10 1900 93,934 4,809 40 District of Columbia; 11 1910 24,902 459 41 10 12 1900 20, 119 201 32 Virginia; 13 1910 27,057 1,281 48 10 14 1900 19,461 535 19 West Virginia: 15 1910 57,218 8,360 800 100 16 1900 22,451 1,143 79 North Carolina: 17 1910 6,092 139 5 2 18 1900 4,492 31 16 South Carolina; 19 1910 6,179 222 97 1 20 1900 5,528 92 10 Georgia; 1910 15, 477 349 27 6 22 1900 12,403 230 25 Florida; 23 1910 40,633 228 50 14 24 1900 23,832 116 18 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Kentucky: 2o 1910 40, 162 1,032 73 77 26 1900 50,249 , 543 77 Tennessee: 27 1910 18,607 637 27 11 28 1900 17,746 321 26 Alabama; 1910 19,286 904 45 106 1900 14, 592 390 45 Mississippi: 1910 9,770 417 17 2 1900 7,981 2(50 24 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL Arkansas: 33 1910 17,046 1,208' 111 17 34 1900 14,289 851 14 Louisiana: 35 1910 52, 766 1,597 292 25 36 1900 52 ; 903 '798 315 Oklahoma: 37 1910 40,442 3,889 191 115 38 1900 20,538 1,897 97 Texas: 39 1910 241,938 20,570 328 240 40 1900 179,3.57 16, 696 244 MOUNTAIN. Montana: 41 1910 94,713 8,350 235 2,155 42 1900 67,067 3,786 145 Idaho: 43 1910 42, ,578 1,.561 94 576 44 1900 24,604 377 42 Wyoming: 45 1916 29,020 .3,966 82 331 46 190i) 17,415 1,132 29 Colorado: 17 1910 129,587 1,3,043 375 609 48 1900 91, 155 6,381 170 New Mexico: 49 1910 23, 146 1,233 44 167 50 1900 13,625 376 25 Arizona: 51 1910 48,765 1,483 .50 371 52 1900 24,233 318 33 Utah: 53 1910 65,822 1,870 74 340 54 1900 53,777 272 29 Nevada: 55 1910 19,691 822 28 178 56 1900 10,093 102 y PACIFIC. Washington: 57 1911) 2,56,241 T2 , 745 1 , 22 s 1,647 58 1900 111,304 2, 788 340 Oregon: .59 1910 11 , 3 , 136 ,5,241 ,573 1,09.5 60 1900 65,748 1, 139 20,3 Califoniia; 61 1910 5 .S 6 , 432 17,165 1,464 8H0 62 1900 367, 240 5,932 785 PERSONS BORN IN— Canada.* * ClUna. Cuba and other West Indies.* Den- mark. England. Fin- land. France. Germany. French. Other. 998 6,012 98 17 6,294 4,024 1,381 252 21,544 1,138 5,906 150 10 6,038 3,802 1,175 202 18, 172 674 6,661 89 47 13,674 8,000 79 639 57,302 1,039 8,010 190 31 12,531 9,757 37 876 66,811 1,087 0,101 16 74 2,760 11,262 49 2,657 34,508 1,485 7,053 38 37 2,914 13,283 44 2,012 39,689 63 441 29 34 52 1,558 9 170 2,573 41 257 51 33 43 1,506 23 148 2,771 110 1,320 299 453 237 5,211 47 5.52 36,657 87 1,143 492 309 177 5,299 28 534 45,865 109 1,052 270 243 176 2,638 21 511 5,179 97 809 417 134 88 2,299 14 389 5,868 104 1,2.50 126 233 240 3,687 50 300 4,228 104 1,020 238 107 128 3,425 36 316 4,510 88 784 62 40 67 3,511 127 535 0,327 72 639 47 12 60 2,622 6 298 0,670 29 514 61 43 36 940 18 114 1,074 36 444 44 37 36 904 3 95 1, 198 39 243 46 59 51 517 42 70 1,744 31 173 61 57 55 474 9 84 2,082 70 731 174 226 112 1,671 49 224 3,029 80 679 184 157 88 1,514 10 249 3,435 151 1,577 156 17,0.56 295 3,078 89 285 2,446 88 1,114 118 11,654 204 2.231 42 202 1,810 98 972 34 42 78 2,619 18 045 19,351 136 »1,072 40 28 77 3,256 0 983 27,585 91 1,065 40 71 163 2,045 21 305 3,903 119 926 60 46 117 2, '207 16 332 4,589 96 737 44 230 197 2,365 38 592 3,603 89 617 54 134 96 2,347 28 539 3,642 46 404 195 156 119 777 88 291 1,066 75 345 206 45 86 798 2b 365 1,928 119 955 44 27 178 1,519 15 387 5,815 161 932 50 22 135 1,394 3 387 6,074 250 941 346 630 239 2,086 118 5,345 8,9'26 253 781 554 543 216 2,008 73 6,500 11,866 320 2,551 127 05 550 2,981 18 749 10,090 2'27 1,580 59 19 259 1,900 2 516 , 5,999 350 3,178 492 359 1,289 8,498 Uk) 1,821 44,929 400 2,549 767 243 1,089 8,213 113 2,025 49,859 2,874 10,908 1,008 39 1,943 8,981 4,111 639 8,669 3,516 10,310 1,675 18 1,041 8,077 2,103 539 7, 192 796 4, .575 773 13 2, 254 4,983 652 333 .5,049 395 2,528 1,411 10 1 , ()2G 3,943 292 194 2,987 143 1,288 204 38 902 2,985 1,380 316 2,638 150 1,098 424 8 884 2,596 1,220 183 2, 157 789 8,792 320 99 •2,756 12,928 1,239 1,374 17,071 9f>0 8,837 581 71 2,050 13,575 844 1,162 14, ()C0 111 913 202 25 116 1,101 26 326 1,746 84 680 314 9 57 968 29 298 1,365 177 1,6,50 1,010 37 284 3,500 r)r»o 3'23 1,846 153 1,116 1,‘290 17 199 1,661 32 2.53 1,247 114 l,,57l> 311 9 8,300 18,083 1,012 303 3,963 128 1,'2()3 544 0 9, 132 18, 879 734 220 2,36.5 272 1,.575 760 16 616 1,793 174 653 1,916 222 810 1,279 2 339 1 , 167 51 3o;i 1, 182 3,711 35,771 2,301 176 7,804 10,430 8,719 2,340 29,3.88 1,899 1.8,385 3,462 67 3,626 10,481 2, 73'2 1, 065 16,831 1, 146 11,263 6, 468 08 3,215 7,998 4,734 1, 159 17,958 874 6, 634 9,367 31 1,603 0 , 0(>3 2, 131 775 13,3-27 3,109 41,568 27,764 854 14, 209 48, 703 0. mo 17, 407 76,307 ■2,410 27,408 40, 262 46.5 9,040 35,746 2, 763 12, 2.56 72, ('30 > Incliirlcfl iimlfir “ All other counlrias” for 1900. » lueluUed Novvfouiulland for 1900. “ Exoept Porto Rico. * Turkey hi A.sla included with Turkey in Europe for lyiX). 207 W (X)UNTRY OF ORIOIN. UNITED STATES AND DIVISIONS, 1800-1910, AND I!Y STATES, 1910 AND 1900— Continued. PERSONS BORN IN— Greece. Hun- gary. Ireland. Italy. .Tapan. Mexico. Nether- lands (Hol- land). Nonvay. Portu- gal. Roiinia- nia. Russia. Scot- land. Spain. Sweden. Switz- erland. Tur- key in Asia.< Tur- key in Eu- ropc.< W ales. All other coun- tries.^ 1 231 594 2,980 1,158 38 15 2,656 20,918 2 55 13, 189 1,102 5 9,998 800 240 238 503 332 2 3 421 3,298 360 1 13 1,566 19, 788 2 40 12, 492 1,153 3 8,647 585 48 549 437 3 3, 469 1,453 8, 124 3,799 583 290 872 2, 750 7 295 13,020 2,242 21 23,219 2, 150 572 247 824 525 4 23 461 11,127 752 9 27 885 2,883 6 24 8, 484 2,773 182 24, 693 2,340 55 922 959 5 1,410 1,078 8, 100 3, .520 111 8,429 906 1,294 9 07 1.5,311 3,591 282 13,309 2,853 287 287 1,015 662 6 17 050 11,616 987 2 71 875 1,477 20 81 11,451 4,219 39 15, 144 3,337 37 2,005 581 7 34 247 3,985 2,893 4 2 20 38 1 39 3,429 344 5 332 78 10 9 34 68 8 12 86 5,044 1, 122 1 2 69 49 2 11 1,348 341 4 302 59 2 43 204 9 463 2,089 9,705 6,909 23 10 203 363 37 220 27,537 1,95.5 84 421 452 80 44 583 476 10 95 323 13,874 2,449 9 26 220 246 20 26 13, 574 2,128 34 347 320 21 674 765 11 342 155 5,347 2, 761 44 20 64 149 2 41 3,393 705 51 359 281 1.39 41 87 206 12 34 48 6, 220 930 11 38 42 101 6 2 913 574 31 234 244 39 82 222 13 721 1,784 2,450 2,449 14 12 99 311 85 72 4,379 1,246 69 368 246 484 144 225 336 14 59 607 3,534 781 12 18 72 123 29 15 1,345 1,162 35 218 229 79 267 432 IS 787 5,939 2,292 17,292 4 10 60 38 3 259 5, 143 1,088 464 279 600 720 420 880 127 16 108 810 3,342 2,921 7 22 19 1 1, 038 855 5 132 696 20 482 345 17 174 37 306 521 2 10 28 39 20 711 435 8 112 68 402 107 35 95 18 14 8 371 201 1 4 17 21 8 6 282 320 6 68 77 16 20 208 19 282 40 676 316 7 2 19 82 3 9 786 239 14 95 36 263 43 11 125 20 C2 19 1,131 180 2 6 49 6 (3 398 239 65 36 4 8 174 21 941 230 1,655 545 5 25 52 145 23 85 3,224 527 91 289 169 376 99 89 239 22 191 166 2,293 218 1 14 38 155 12 36 1,350 417 65 204 ISO 21 05 326 23 880 79 1,069 4,538 46 145 85 304 30 323 547 606 4,199 729 146 291 744 63 384 24 98 37 797 1,707 1 84 52 235 37 115 230 434 1,084 561 113 14 169 401 25 273 725 5,914 1,316 11 28 140 53 3 100 3,222 641 24 190 1,653 369 55 222 184 26 24 146 9,874 679 3 19 136 34 1 22 1,658 793 21 222 1,929 17 337 525 27 374 376 2,296 2.034 8 45 78 89 2 77 2,484 561 26 363 800 1.59 20 252 184 28 38 296 3,372 1,222 4 29 52 141 4 7 1, 156 544 14 337 1,004 34 300 427 29 633 585 1,167 2,696 5 81 127 266 4 108 1,531 1,120 74 753 213 389 128 230 219 30 129 332 1,792 862 6 43 42 159 8 16 564 1,223 59 488 200 60 306 316 31 117 56 747 2,137 2 72 34 91 5 32 916 181 79 292 82 477 79 25 168 32 22 40 1,264 845 48 41 74 4 23 470 196 76 303 83 28 30 274 33 179 285 1,079 1,699 9 132 145 76 1 38 760 442 9 385 804 169 45 148 186 34 6 97 1,345 576 68 69 54 3 340 342 7 355 679 1 113 211 35 237 397 3,757 20,233 30 1,025 113 295 73 111 1,805 355 719 344 421 949 196 82 729 36 84 148 6,436 17, 431 12 488 78 189 94 16 802 399 683 359 623 290 126 878 37 590 348 1,801 2,564 47 2, 744 230 351 19 27 5,807 1,218 47 1,028 770 376 135 365 329 38 • 5 178 1,384 601 134 85 149 10 4 3, 128 737 22 582 424 40 269 231 39 756 926 5,357 7, 190 316 125,016 424 1,785 89 259 5,739 2, 038 848 4,706 1,773 1,125 237 301 833 40 169 593 6, 173 3,942 • 16 71,062 262 1,356 62 45 3,076 1,952 280 4,388 1,709 216 313 1,545 41 1,905 1,486 9,469 6,592 1,566 67 1,054 7,170 31 266 2,228 3,373 49 6,412 988 201 491 884 419 42 20 274 9, 436 2, 199 2, 427 47 316 3, 354 34 28 507 2,422 20 5,340 796 157 935 347 43 1,843 202 1,782 2,067 1,330 133 201 2, 566 49 19 743 1,282 1,047 4,985 1,319 73 129 722 367 44 9 37 1,633 779 1,305 28 50 1,173 35 1 149 796 77 2,822 1,017 8 732 148 45 1,915 437 1,359 1,961 1, 575 188 79 023 .50 57 763 1,812 120 2,407 251 151 262 419 168 46 230 287 1,691 781 397 58 18 378 12 2 119 1,253 5 1, 727 199 393 84 47 2, 272 1,632 8. 710 14, 375 2, 245 2,602 710 1,787 43 334 13,618 4,269 177 12, 446 1,767 333 217 1,989 666 48 37 574 10, 132 6, 818 51 274 260 1,149 28 35 3,403 4,069 41 10, 765 1,479 33 1,965 755 49 167 209 644 1,959 254 11,918 86 151 10 6 228 509 100 365 172 123 17 93 126 50 1 41 692 661 9 6,649 99 33 6 2 137 427 27 244 123 13 105 151 51 77 115 1,550 1,531 361 29, 987 41 272 29 16 311 576 857 845 314 128 44 210 204 52 10 22 1,159 699 284 14, 172 23 123 18 1 119 399 51 342 199 29 130 222 53 4,039 171 1,657 3,117 2,050 166 1.392 2,305 8 18 568 2,853 24 7,227 1,691 215 146 1,672 542 54 3 33 1,516 1,062 419 41 523 2, 128 8 1 154 3, 143 8 7,025 1,469 18 2, 141 573 55 1,051 4^ 1,702 2,831 855 732 44 255 305 8 135 469 778 708 468 25 15 168 297 56 4 3 1,425 1,296 228 98 3 50 176 42 2^7 178 278 344 1 128 126 57 4, 187 1, 160 10, 180 13,121 12, 177 145 2,157 28,368 179 211 10,961 7, 101 385 32, 199 3, 447 423 728 1,976 1,877 58 65 222 7,262 2,124 5,769 73 632 9,891 137 19 2,728 3,623 54 12, 737 1,825 65 1,509 953 69 3,555 1, 160 4.995 5,538 3,277 199 618 6,843 174 258 5,321 3,387 462 10,099 3,853 197 553 585 1,144 60 95 156 4,210 1,014 2,522 53 324 2,789 142 24 1,973 2,283 56 4 , 555 2,677 29 401 .543 61 7,920 3,304 52, 478 63,615 38, 214 33, 694 2,304 9,9.52 22,539 1,120 16,610 13, 695 4,229 26, 212 14,521 3,709 812 2, 416 13, 499 62 372 799 44,476 2?, 777 10, 264 8,086 1,015 5,060 12,068 73 4.253 9,467 896 14,549 10,974 049 1,949 9,810 air ^Included persons in 1900 reported as born in Poland, without specification as to whether German, Austrian, or Russian Poland. 208 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION NATIVE WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN OR MIXED PARENTAGE, Tablo 1 r> Total native wiiitc per- sons of foreign or mixed parentage. NATIVK WRITE PERSONS HAVINQ BOTH PARENTS BORN IN COUNTRY SPECIFIED, OR ONE PARENT SO BORN AND THE OTHER NATIVE. 1 2 :! 4 5 l> 7 8 9 10 Dn’I.SrON AND STATK. Austria. Bel- gium. Bul- garia, Servia, and Monte- negro. Canada. Cuba and other West Indies.' Den- mark. England. Fin- land. France. Germany. Greece. French. Other. ■Rnlted States OicoGEAiniic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 13,837, 837 826,635 39.867 1,234 547, 155 1,011,390 18,673 218,443 1,415,987 81,357 175, 153 5,781,437 8,401 2,052,709 5, .591, 312 5, 108, 434 3, 214, 703 430,843 214,977 605, 283 616,921 1,053,655 37, 544 319,921 239, 065 140,691 13,048 2,472 40,058 16,903 16,933 895 5,826 23, 298 5,686 564 202 887 654 1,855 63 291 337 123 22 51 73 128 146 331,085 49, 134 98, 641 43, 127 1,200 697 2,497 8,233 12,541 249,284 127, 770 310,212 151,117 9,440 4,613 14, 768 42,343 101,843 936 4,797 595 438 10, 246 167 837 134 523 6,514 15, 701 49, 730 86,557 1,259 748 3,668 31,147 23, 119 165, 159 4-47,114 333,854 176, 200 41,735 18,454 38, 189 116,679 108,603 7, 239 4,640 32, 600 21,120 168 155 156 4,927 10, 352 8,0G8 43, 161 44,426 23, 182 4,740 5,059 21, 307 5, 717 19, 493 100,684 1,467,961 2,250,080 1,174,651 16.3,046 97,056 205, 714 92,070 223,575 1,367 2,116 2,029 642 665 245 430 172 735 NiJ/W EimjLAND. 11 Maine 134,955 389 20 19 40,494 49,884 52 1,055 6,927 383 321 2,004 53 12 103,117 990 34 40; 489 19,966 28 124 6,478 636 199 2; 487 88 13 Vermont 75,055 436 22 2 25,876 16,037 10 142 3,959 174 270 1,349 18 14 Massachusetts 1,170,447 18,256 417 17 160, 623 147,515 514 2, 669 91,882 5,426 3,993 47,174 1,003 15 Rhode Island 194, 646 2,950 213 3 39, 127 7,538 156 261 25,909 165 669 6,564 102 If) Connecticut 374, 489 14,523 189 22 24,470 8,344 176 2,263 30,004 455 2,616 47, 106 103 Middle Atl.4.ntic; 17 Now York 3,007,248 137, 163 1,534 81 45, 132 100, 727 3,245 8, 173 194,961 2,746 22,509 797, 706 1,180 18 Ne w Jersey 777, 797 31,429 1,001 45 1,572 8,813 693 4,611 71,744 619 6,799 210, 756 307 19 Penns vlvania 1,806,267 151,329 3,291 165 2,430 18,230 859 2,917 180,409 1,275 13,853 459,499 629 East Noktii Central: 20 Ohio 1,024,393 52, 713 1,171 165 5,051 26,009 139 1,958 84, 777 3,313 14,026 498, 704 399 21 Tmdiana - 350,551 6,005 1,907 21 2,214 8,552 45 1,274 24,886 100 6,699 202,021 108 22 Illinois 1,723,847 117,824 5, 459 90 16,137 48,299 264 16,151 108,063 792 13, 791 695, 226 1,148 23 Michigan 964,882 19,488 4,822 21 54,826 193,985 100 8,486 77,599 24, 404 6,249 293,170 148 24 Wisconsin 1,044,761 43,035 9,939 40 20,413 33,367 47 21,861 38, 529 3,991 3,661 561, 559 226 West North Central: 25 Minnesota 941,136 38,058 1,604 53 24, 145 45,270 52 21,387 24,370 17,826 3, 022 287,232 ISO 2(> Iowa 632, 181 23,919 857 17 3, 192 25,660 88 23, 780 46, 639 51 4,500 261, 247 154 27 Missouri 518,201 13,567 911 18 2,175 13,269 190 2,527 34; 662 64 8,202 279, 287 161 28 North D:ikota 251,236 0,051 260 2 4,760 25,747 4 6,848 6, 253 1,424 629 43, 195 20 29 South Dakota 217, 491 7, 884 347 6 2,900 11,204 30 8,669 10,851 1,694 851 61, 250 11 30 Nebraska 362,353 38,449 364 6 2,117 15, 135 39 18,889 22, 585 46 1,748 1-14,412 55 31 Kansas 292, 105 12,763 1,343 23 3,838 14,832 35 4, 457 30,840 15 4,230 98,028 61 South Atlantic: 32 25, 873 407 61 371 19 36 3,025 262 4,993 16 33 Maryland 191,838 8,005j 44 2 167 1,530 168 246 10, 644 8 1,139 98,673 161 34 District of Columbia 45, 066 351 33 4 184 1,388 95 149 5,061 6 558 13,119 73 35 Vir.ginia ; 37,943 1,012 38 5 200 1,443 49 235 5,751 28 510 9,564 71 3S West Vu'ginia 57,638 2,495 348 4 188 1, 187 7 99 6,804 37 785 18,584 30 37 8 Sol 85 5 66 601 21 41 1,706 20 179 2,274 29 38 11, 137 194 11 32 313 23 77 1, 031 5 219 3,955 49 39 Georgia 25,672 309 40 1 124 954 122 105 3,216 16 583 6,838 145 40 Florida 35,825 190 45 6 178 1,653 9,742 271 4, 497 48 505 5,040 91 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 124,704 685 115 16 209 1,530 21 136 7, 229 14 2,154 72,909 30 42 Tenuc.ssee 38, 367 504 25 12 224 1,455 22 206 4,453 14 786 10,629 66 43 Alabama 32, 417 758 31 23 165 1,044 60 233 4,619 37 1,148 8,528 126 ■Ti 19,489 525 31 99 584 64 173 2, 1.53 90 971 4,990 23 West South Central: 45 Arkansas 36, 608 1,289 72 21 308 1,652 20 270 4, 195 15 1,003 14,790 36 40 Louisiana 112,717 1,2.87 439 10 455 1,5.53 638 517 5,681 69 14,609 32,369 142 47 Oklalioma 94, 044 4,948 161 34 1,016 6, 133 39 1,095 10,516 14 1,701 31,696 44 48 Te.xas 361,914 32, 534 215 8 718 5,430 140 1,786 17,797 58 3,994 126,859 20S Mountain: 49 Montana 100,809 4,471 1,59 26 3,730 12,430 16 1,998 11,750 2,512 746 17,999 29 50 Idaho 75, 195 714 65 4 1,221 6,891 10 5, 212 16,073 302 626 12,174 27 51 Wyoming 32,504 1,524 54 5 316 2,110 5 1,387 5,881 774 352 5,496 22 52 Colorado 181,428 8, 292 279 41 1,742 12,797 69 2,955 23, 722 618 2,280 38,811 48 53 20 331 474 26 3 293 1,330 10 166 2,294 487 4.397 3 .54 Arizona 42, 176 451 35 18 233 1,868 14 418 3, 774 139 375 3,810 11 .55 Utah 131,527 758 19 25 349 3,026 4 18,311 49, 934 523 489 5,965 23 50 Nevada 20, 951 219 17 6 349 1,891 6 700 3, 245 50 371 3,418 9 Pacific: 57 Washington 282, 528 6, 186 577 25 5, 667 39,003 CO 7,274 27,065 4, .^.tO 2,704 58,096 139 58 Oregon 135, 238 2,332 508 25 1,917 15; 360 39 3, 558 14,717 2,977 1,.566 35,402 116 .59 ('riliforiii .1 035, 889 8,415 770 96 4,9.57 47,474 424 12,2.87 06,821 2, 836 15,223 130,077 480 1 Except Porto Rico. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 209 BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Persons of mixed foreign parent- age.* 177, 092 127,973 361,972 287,385 180,0% 23, 168 11,621 28,9% 56,091 99,790 6,101 4,328 3,235 80, 901 12,688 20,720 204,767 52,982 104.223 53, 139 14.293 99,659 69,997 50,297 56,828 30, 169 27,483 16,429 12,577 19, 177 17,433 1,666 7,994 3,031 2,262 2,646 416 592 1,698 2,863 5,597 2,546 2,289 1,189 2,414 8, 146 5.293 13, 143 9, 137 6,834 2,949 14,683 1,351 2,206 16,675 2,256 26.223 12,323 61,244 NATIVK WHITE PERSONS HAVING BOTH PARENTS BORN IN COUNTRY SPECIFIED, OR ONE PARENT SO BORN AND THE OTHER NATIVE— Continued. 1 Hun- gary. Ireland. Italy. Me.xico. Nether- lands (Hol- land). Norway. Portu- gal. Rou- mania. Russia. Scot- land. Spain. Sweden. Switzer- land. Tur- key in Asia. Tur- key in Eu- rope. Wales. Ail other coun- tries. 204,627 3,152,205 755, 290 162,200 173,521 575,241 53.499 21, 801 938, 897 398,629 11,157 699, 032 176, 816 18,929 3,093 166,468 53, 608 2 9, 109 643,877 97, 933 65 1,771 4,920 21,268 767 98, 921 49,327 609 55,697 2,905 5, 140 587 4,523 12,479 3 121,789 1,306,382 445, 704 410 31,504 17,039 866 16,090 488,995 122,262 2,328 72,551 29, 799 4,624 995 71,394 8, 176 4 52, 620 527, 483 79,320 307 93,835 140, 946 926 1,949 149, 131 84,031 497 187, 172 GO, G68 2,283 525 40,090 7,787 10, 840 290, 413 16, 889 600 33,951 344,896 114 1,611 114,258 51,8.38 382 278, 419 37,800 1,552 203 20,289 7,018 0 3,555 84, 126 16,929 135 899 1,633 171 424 33,002 14,549 1,810 3,081 3,107 1,217 195 3,785 1,864 7 828 41,223 6, 657 131 652 662 32 139 5,966 6,233 544 1,983 5,124 038 112 1,704 809 8 1,498 47,346 31,959 109, 909 1,523 3,988 283 139 15, 691 10, 782 1,969 10,038 6,619 1,172 206 2,201 2,380 9 2, 106 66,825 16, 130 32,870 3,556 17,010 245 178 11,797 26, 945 537 37,847 9,217 486 59 13,053 2,262 10 2,276 144,530 43,763 17, 773 5,830 38, 147 29,594 504 21,076 32,662 2,481 52,244 21,577 1,817 211 8,829 10,833 11 70 17,059 1,120 3 45 506 114 6 2,415 2,712 66 2, 105 62 293 52 347 278 12 43 19,976 871 2 35 361 43 8 1,546 2,329 19 1,488 85 249 38 07 no 13 93 14,687 2,023 3 35 73 40 1 1,166 2,758 77 1,090 • 98 83 46 1,159 93 14 1,133 410, 160 45,521 37 1,289 2,938 15,986 252 59,239 27,071 326 28,908 1,067 3,259 351 1,715 10,805 15 158 58,490 15,578 6 99 339 4,325 172 5, 123 6,154 32 5,810 148 760 48 387 672 16 7, 612 123,505 32,820 14 268 703 760 328 29, 432 8,303 89 16,296 1,445 496 52 848 521 17 44,486 723,263 266,867 239 15,251 12,392 511 12,662 289,372 51,249 1,817 36,532 13,241 2,361 556 12,264 4,261 18 21,089 177,743 76,405 74 14,805 3,001 81 1,029 53,117 20,587 231 7,801 6,211 756 77 2,082 1,337 19 56,214 405,376 102,432 97 1,448 1,646 274 2,399 146,506 50,426 280 28,218 10,347 1,507 362 57,048 2,578 20 30,254 126, 791 20, 712 80 3,592 922 189 534 27,393 19,429 105 5,533 22,959 600 219 22, 129 1,388 21 4,252 41,942 2,229 44 3,240 662 22 76 4,986 7,098 61 6,720 7,460 294 32 2,592 716 22 12, 907 236,983 44,525 119 18,002 35,525 646 1,076 78, 944 32,857 245 114,709 12,998 592 119 7,546 3,151 23 2,001 60,981 7,893 42 54,560 9, 136 29 159 22,045 15,525 50 30,563 4,411 514 81 1,573 1,424 24 2,612 GO, 786 3,%7 22 14, 441 100, 701 40 104 15,763 9, 122 36 29,647 12,840 283 74 6,250 1,108 25 2,978 56,916 3,339 39 5,392 174,304 18 673 12, 736 8,282 49 145,591 5,589 261 41 2,%9 1,992 26 849 74,259 1,714 44 17,411 44,978 12 77 3,512 13,702 48 39,432 7,459 144 35 6,142 2,090 27 3^043 75,346 8, 134 161 1,944 1,080 18 397 12,861 8,786 151 7,873 11,066 423 38 3,258 1,108 28 1,813 9,203 103 3 1,202 77,347 7 383 30,276 2, ■422 9 14,640 1,157 249 16 559 225 29 468 14,419 445 12 4,022 39,828 6 17 19,824 3,080 4 13,294 1,650 96 18 1,560 474 30 689 29,538 1,041 29 2,219 4,957 25 57 11,865 6,288 43 35,267 4,217 292 34 2,258 512 31 1,000 30, 732 2,113 312 1,761 2,402 28 7 23, 184 9,278 78 22,322 6,662 87 21 3,603 017 32 129 10,054 1,636 2 22 27 3 12 1,999 553 21 293 64 10 3 116 73 33 700 29,998 4,200 18 295 308 43 74 19,433 4,889 93 470 493 30 20 1,439 554 34 95 13,963 1,792 14 109 169 7 14 2,340 1,312 62 303 324 84 7 248 171 699 7,037 1,620 11 168 386 33 55 3,228 1,933 45 353 309 300 46 317 235 36 1,052 10,848 3,897 1 71 41 3 21 2, 151 2,236 91 320 1,303 289 69 1,329 102 37 20 1,095 249 7 34 41 13 17 628 762 16 106 115 127 13 66 99 38 31 2,646 232 4 15 59 7 5 661 555 32 88 51 116 14 18 102 39 184 5,889 428 16 90 141 16 41 2,254 1,217 105 349 256 173 14 143 205 40 45 2,596 2,875 62 95 461 46 185 368 1,092 1,345 799 192 88 9 109 323 41 133 23,773 1,229 24 324 79 7 42 2,395 1,807 41 252 2,924 131 18 616 264 42 .359 8,848 1,725 30 148 153 8 21 1,757 1,352 42 518 1,597 75 10 599 183 43 300 4,892 1,981 51 107 282 10 58 1,103 2,401 170 755 376 185 31 456 198 44 36 3,710 1,722 26 73 148 7 18 711 673 291 458 227 247 53 33 IM 45 270 4,491 953 93 235 126 2 14 654 1,255 28 550 1,151 51 13 405 232 46 304 15, 105 22,678 645 195 344 171 23 1,38(J 1,365 1,693 592 905 407 6G 191 678 47 352 10, 191 1,505 489 527 857 11 8 8,778 3,303 33 2,001 1,720 188 54 940 337 48 572 17,559 6,823 108,682 566 2,661 99 94 4,879 4,799 215 6,895 2,843 466 73 605 1,133 49 656 18,962 1,409 36 962 6,773 10 25 1,215 3,538 22 5,392 1,036 84 3 1,436 241 50 67 5,537 560 41 378 3,510 33 1 769 3, 173 134 6,000 2,039 37 1 2,434 328 51 170 3,877 528 148 92 626 8 12 334 2,418 14 2,053 403 11 12 810 113 52 998 24,387 9,815 787 1,024 2,247 46 120 8,809 7,419 128 12,908 2,217 170 26 3,428 502 53 72 2,078 868 10,030 121 180 8 158 910 51 384 206 92 9 186 84 54 63 3,351 658 21,650 71 270 9 9 149 946 61 729 318 55 5 351 129 55 70 4,333 1,111 39 861 3,205 16 9 312 7,623 25 9,836 2, .548 35 1 4,695 716 56 10 4,300 1,181 139 47 199 115 2 51 918 102 485 390 2 2 313 149 57 547 25,378 3,462 83 2,648 24,361 247 64 7,025 9, 130 138 23,884 3, 7.59 112 41 3,252 839 58 378 11,948 1,284 97 1,069 6,592 155 52 3,472 5,068 118 8,099 4,320 43 21 1,057 619 59 1,351 107,204 39,017 17,593 2,113 7,194 29, 192 388 10,579 18, 464 2,225 20,261 13,498 1,662 149 4, .520 9,376 * Native whites whose parents were bom In difflerent foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and one in Scotland. 72497°— 13 14 210 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION FOREIGN-BORN POPUEATION BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING 250,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910 AND 1900. Tubici 10 CITY. Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Buffalo, N. Y Chicago, 111 Cincinnati, Ohio . . Cleveland, Ohio... Detroit, Mich Jersey City, N. J . . Los Angeles, Cal . . Milwaukee, Wis... Minneapolis, Minn New Orleans, La. . New York, N. Y. . Newark, N. J Philadelphia, Pa.. Pittsburgh, Pa.®. . St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal . Washington, D. C. PERSONS BORN IN— Census year. Total foreign bom. Austria. Bel- gium. Bul- garia, Servia, and Monte- negro. 1 Canada.2 China. Cuba and other West In- dies.® Den- mark. Eng- land. Fin- land. France. Germany. Greece. Hun- gary. French. Other. 1910 77, 062 6, 540 28 14 45 752 245 355 132 2,698 36 357 26,024 347 1,35& 1900 68,600 3,816 25 51 629 426 225 107 2,841 16 369 33,941 89 ' 155 1910 243,365 2,413 682 36 3,098 47,802 819 1,070 1,031 13,671 455 1,081 8,701 1,497 426 1900 197, 129 1.269 221 2,908 47,374 1,005 456 675 13, 174 221 1,003 10,739 281 330 1910 118,689 9,284 37 10 506 16,868 57 45 200 7,070 58 684 43, 815 220 2,442 1900 104,252 3,458 22 733 16,509 99 36 148 6,908 15 791 49,812 46 215 1910 783,428 132,063 2,665 515 4,633 26, 688 1,335 393 11,484 27,912 1,191 3,036 182,289 6,564 28,938 1900 587,112 57,676 1,160 5,307 29,472 1,179 226 10, 166 29,308 416 2,989 203,733 1,493 4,946 1910 56.859 1.638 24 184 73 887 16 40 79 1,872 10 665 28,426 180 6,344 1900 57,961 752 38 103 928 17 30 49 2,201 1 748 38,308 53 208 1910 196, 170 42,059 90 46 571 8,794 155 71 448 11,420 499 494 41,408 275 31,503 1900 124,631 18,981 26 772 7,839 94 .59 373 10, 621 79 485 44,225 42 9,558 1910 157,534 14, 160 2,237 65 4, 106 38, 648 24 58 411 9,038 59 638 44,675 585 5,935 1900 90,503 2, 157 671 3,541 25,403 9 41 231 6,347 4 589 42,730 18 91 1910 77,987 4,978 173 7 107 1,010 132 212 346 4,632 681 .596 16, 131 179 1,084 1900 58, 424 1,580 144 134 907 213 94 319 4,642 116 648 17,838 20 136 1910 66, 133 2,510 213 116 592 7,686 1,481 119 1,090 7,581 261 1,916 9,684 361 820 1900 19,964 354 87 214 2,683 1,885 43 239 3,017 10 993 4,032 20 60 1910 111,529 11,553 86 64 218 1,671 39 31 019 2,086 no 251 64,816 1, 104 5,571 1900 88,991 3,962 37 217 1,687 20 21 514 2, 134 29 2(>3 68,969 26 381 1910 86,099 6,075 63 235 1,637 5,905 92 24 2,030 2,799 875 293 8,650 463 1, 176 1900 61,021 1,802 32 1,706 5, 637 20 9 1,473 2,289 348 207 7,550 55 581 1910 28,333 645 91 5 101 387 219 468 117 1,356 34 3,671 6. 122 175 90 1900 30,325 409 77 85 310 418 457 92 1,262 5 4,428 8,743 48 68 1910 1,944,357 190,246 2,200 540 2,844 23, 476 3,936 16,415 7,997 78,483 7,410 18,293 278, 137 8,038 76,627 1900 1,270,080 90,477 1,221 2,527 19,399 6,080 5,807 5,621 68, 830 3,733 14,755 324,224 1,309 31,516 1910 111,007 12,963 70 10 199 1,126 194 183 360 6,698 69 697 22, 177 297 6,029 1900 71,303 4,795 26 100 802 262 77 216 5,874 42 646 25,251 37 1,325 1910 384, 707 19, 860 478 100 301 3,735 866 1,529 1,119 36,564 220 2,&59 61,480 589 12,495 1900 295,340 6,394 378 294 2,989 1,122 923 934 36,752 103 2,521 73,047 176 2,785 1910 140,924 21,400 100 71 86 1,741 197 124 no 9,528 70 885 29,438 773 6,576 1900 115, 094 9,411 58 120 1,418 175 31 53 11,079 12 932 36,838 106 2,684 1910 126, 223 11,171 353 165 260 2,256 351 141 441 5,226 46 1,218 47,766 1,312 8,759 1900 111,350 5,475 216 339 2, 151 304 94 390 5,800 30 1,462 59,973 38 561 1910 142,298 4,641 448 160 474 5,701 6,914 291 3,119 9,821 1,846 6,252 24, 137 2,275 1,247 1900 110,885 2,067 291 429 4,770 10, 762 190 2, 171 8,950 935 4,870 35,303 199 315 1910 24,902 459 41 10 109 1,052 270 243 176 2,038 21 511 5, 179 342 155 1900 20, 119 201 32 97 809 417 134 88 2,299 14 389 5,868 34 ; 48 CITY. Census year. Ireland. Italy. Japan. Mexi- co. Neth- er- lands (Hol- land). Nor- way. Portu- gal. Kou- mania. Russia. Scot- land. Spain. Swe- den. Switz- erland. Tur- key in Asia.1 Tur- key in Eu- rope. 1 Wales. All other coun- tries.® Baltimore, Md 1910 6,806 5,043 12 6 106 199 26 216 24,803 518 49 237 228 50 24 99 309 1900 9,690 2,042 4 12 98 188 12 26 12,187 594 23 230 186 12 92 508 Boston, Ma.ss 1910 66, 041 31,380 61 24 480 1,914 1,296 373 41,892 5,062 268 7,123 415 2,088 623 315 1,222 1900 70,147 13, 738 36 13 391 1,145 882 68 18,370 4,473 85 5, 541 400 600 308 1,216 Buffalo, N. Y 1910 9,423 11,399 12 20 314 253 12 106 11,349 1,978 24 1,021 639 207 97 217 262 1900 11,292 5,669 1 8 311 185 23 4 4,010 1,868 20 743 590 13 153 570 Chicago, 111 1910 6.5,965 4 . 5 , 169 220 188 9,632 24, 186 50 3,344 121,780 10,306 243 63,035 3,494 1,175 711 1,818 2,400 1900 73, 912 16,008 80 102 8,555 22,011 21 287 39,204 10,347 138 58,836 3,251 180 1,818 4,291 Cincinnati, Ohio 1910 6,224 2,245 6 15 322 37 8 454 4,999 458 20 114 696 245 280 177 121 1900 9,114 917 1 18 369 12 1 4 2,320 461 6 111 657 6 240 288 Cleveland, Ohio 1910 11,310 10,836 15 IS 1,076 512 3 761 25, 477 2,880 28 1,057 1,373 497 251 1,298 339 1900 13,120 3,065 8 9 804 249 8 39 7, 726 2,179 9 1,000 1,288 41 1,490 442 Detroit, Mich 1910 5,584 5,724 28 27 584 225 5 313 18,644 3,320 18 601 595 ,501 125 170 311 1900 6, 412 905 2 8 397 75 2 11 3,070 2, 496 14 ?67 491 7 101 413 Jersey City, N. J 1910 16,124 12,060 5 14 243 1,360 25 196 13,667 1,668 72 1,280 553 103 38 139 172 1900 19,314 3,832 4 5 145 647 5 51 3,337 1,690 12 899 443 32 159 1,058 Los Angeles, Cal 1910 3,878 3,802 3,931 5,632 408 1,003 128 297 4, 758 1,589 384 3,414 828 385 120 414 726 1900 1,720 763 152 817 86 163 22 10 293 573 99 808 370 13 156 282 Milwaukee, Wis 1910 1,966 3,374 12 2, 144 1 267 11,992 647 21 787 833 78 147 231 195 1900 % 653 '726 6 606 1 ' 702 4 35 2^380 667 8 659 00 307 259 Minneapolis, Minn 1910 2, 867 653 33 14 209 16, 402 1,412 5, 654 1,060 21 26, 478 299 219 61 213 187 1900 3 ; 213 222 5 10 96 11,532 1 '417 2 ; 160 '815 6 20,015 303 23 230 244 New Orleans, La 1910 2,996 8,066 20 289 4,3 181 .36 93 1,2.54 257 453 160 247 192 40 20 499 1900 5,398 5, 866 6 299 47 95 50 9 468 218 456 170 314 107 35 385 New York, N. Y 1910 252,672 340, 770 957 426 4,193 22,281 4,31 33,586 484, 19,3 2:3, 123 3, 359 34, 952 10, 452 6, KiO 3,695 1,779 6,626 1900 275, 102 145, 433 311 282 2, 608 11,387 277 10,499 ISO, 432 19,836 1, 491 28,320 8,371 1,401 1,686 7,079 Newark, N. J 1910 11,225 20,494 10 10 202 190 * 8 1,160 21,912 2,547 54 782 779 127 48 106 281 1900 12, 792 8,537 4 13 108 62 3 205 6, 6(>4 1,760 28 469 736 28 91 350 Philadelphia, Pa 1910 83,196 45,308 87 59 349 1,144 54 4, 413 90, 697 9,177 200 2,429 2,013 973 525 1,033 1,049 1900 98, 427 17,830 19 63 258 692 29 1,036 33,114 8,479 107 2,143 1,707 197 1,033 1,788 Pittsburgh, Pa.® 1910 18, 873 14,120 27 17 109 117 2 1,521 26,391 3, 283 23 1,355 1,007 452 79 2, 159 290 1900 23, 690 6, 495 2 8 70 72 145 11,285 3,447 9 • 1,258 1,032 24 3,337 1,303 St. Louis, Mo 1910 14,272 7,594 43 180 422 204 14 1,055 15,481 1,313 227 1,129 2, 653 730 838 197 406 1900 19,421 2 , 227 4 76 368 172 6 80 6,033 1,204 32 1,110 2,752 42 238 692 San Francisco, Cal 1910 23, 1.53 16,919 4,191 1,792 500 3, 769 .593 583 4,643 3,609 1,177 6,970 2,587 320 402 402 3,302 1900 ir% atvi 7 Arm 1 4AQ 944 9 179 530 51 2,049 3,000 23b 5, 248 2, 085 120 38(> 2, 725 Washington, 1). C 1910 , 5,347 2,701 44 26 64 149 2 41 3 , 39.3 705 51 359 281 139 41 87 2tXV 1900 6, 220 930 11 38 42 101 6 2 913 574 31 234 244 39 82 222 • Includod under “All other countries” for l')(K). 2 Included Newfoundland for 1(100. » Kxcopt Porto Kico. < Turkey in Asia included wilh Turkey in Europe for 1900. ® Included persons in 1900 reported as born in Poland, without specification as to whothcr (icrman, Austrian, or Uu.ssian Polnmi. » Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. • 211 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN. FOREIGN-BORN POPUI.AI'ION BY ('OUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS; 1910. Table 17 PERSONS BORN IN— CITY. Total foreign born. Aus- tria. Canada. laSr France Ger- ■ many. Greece Uun- ■ gary. Ireland Italy. Neth- er- lands (Hol- land) and Bel- gium Nor- way, Sweden and Den- mark. Russia and Fin- land. Tur- key. All other coun- tries. French Other. Scot- land, and Wales. Alabama Binuinghaiu 5, 730 134 17 222 1,343 146 706 243 78 309 1,.360 26 183 592 233 138 Mobile r 2,305 42 21 129 '327 66 406 142 31 314 45 17 221 159 89 296 Montgomery 716 29 8 34 85 22 224 44 15 67 7 24 86 25 46 Arkansas Little Rock 1,988 83 13 117 259 41 787 79 11 165 55 15 58 164 5 136 California Berkeley 8,641 91 22 ■ 914 1,474 256 1,231 117 34 695 329 48 1,112 562 24 1,732 Oakland 40,846 1,267 245 2,905 5,304 1,205 5,476 470 248 4,160 3,800 249 4,794 1,118 112 9, 493 Pasadena 4,618 52 37 920 1,025 47 678 48 16 336 34 46 539 81 39 720 Sacramento 11,045 544 67 670 1,247 146 1,477 368 49 1,156 1,162 26 569 144 25 3,395 San Diego 7,829 182 68 925 1,399 171 1,134 68 37 517 331 34 695 146 22 2,100 San Jose 6,422 151 52 473 730 288 752 36 9 531 1,822 31 344 38 22 1,143 Colorado Colorado Springs 3,019 74 9 379 786 45 435 12 17 341 24 42 509 108 11 227 Denver 39, 749 1,698 232 3,260 5,920 398 6,636 226 465 3,965 2,664 331 6,029 5,627 107 2,191 Pueblo 8,550 2,287 36 351 716 67 729 319 354 491 1,490 26 543 528 83 530 Connecticut Bridgeport 36,264 3,858 499 778 3,901 169 2,811 194 6, 975 .5,085 5,022 49 2,210 4,142 219 352 Hartford 31,354 1,865 792 1,292 2,440 150 2,424 53 328 7,049 4,521 38 2,843 6,687 210 662 Meriden town 9,397 1,224 685 160 1,217 88 2,269 21 83 1,369 928 18 403 851 11 70 Meriden city 8, OH 1,U7 613 m 981 66 1,762 21 63 1,210 816 11 361 SOS 11 63 New Britain 18,030 1,972 338 171 1,060 33 1,605 33 147 1,435 2,005 7 2,452 6,276 203 293 New Haven 42,989 1,109 461 874 2,663 160 4,115 85 473 9,004 13,159 158 1,919 8,049 186 574 Norwich town 8,459 344 1,760 164 954 23 693 108 24 1,595 475 15 300 1,761 118 125 Stamford town 8,900 628 31 144 911 38 753 118 366 1,832 1,903 40 570 1,440 13 113 Stamford city 8,097 690 123 766 H 629 117 360 1,602 1,819 19 606 l,i00 11 98 Waterbu’ry 25,541 422 1,901 401 1,768 228 1,433 45 158 5,838 6,567 19 725 5,607 104 325 Delaware Wilmington 13, 713 887 29 168 1,311 80 1,911 28 215 3,152 2,288 13 287 3,163 13 168 Florida Jacksonville 2,688 41 21 264 546 44 413 49 21 160 133 27 121 192 214 442 Tampa 10,803 31 24 108 218 36 209 53 9 71 2,519 6 81 74 13 7,351 Georgia • Atlanta 4,501 113 15 241 595 64 729 388 92 302 95 18 102 1,342 113 •292 Augusta 929 14 10 24 72 20 207 80 18 211 34 2 9 166 4 58 Macon 694 4 1 39 98 5 111 49 8 98 45 2 5 148 51 30 Savannah 3,448 89 10 132 431 30 792 215 42 527 96 29 123 656 65 211 Illinois Aurora 6,706 213 94 293 486 72 2,554 42 632 386 66 72 753 319 3 721 Bloomington 3,413 46 8 112 381 26 1,568 8 158 524 34 6 399 52 34 57 Danville 2,010 22 6 84 265 19 1,042 22 4 162 32 25 211 67 3 46 Decatur 2,429 23 13 100 254 17 1,523 22 2 207 31 15 61 51 50 East St. Louis 9,422 1,672 12 183 424 1.34 i;427 122 1,807 998 80 21 101 1,090 444 307 Elgin 5,677 92 20 299 616 37 2,282 31 309 308 77 28 1,152 172 18 236 Joliet 10,447 2,921 26 313 885 38 1,577 54 1,273 770 1,043 15 803 619 40 70 Peoria 8,832 354 28 289 805 119 3,739 84 585 1,035 185 157 572 406 103 :i7i Quincy 3,651 15 11 66 104 33 2,8-10 20 11 237 43 12 34 35 41 83 Rockford 13,839 137 20 377 867 29 671 41 9 417 1,067 42 9,380 695 3 84 Springfield 6,917 487 15 156 1,052 77 2,127 32 146 1,012 276 55 195 1,051 48 188 Indiana Evansville 4,468 40 1 68' 373 74 3,. 338 32 6 157 43 19 33 150 9 125 Fort Wayne 7,214 95 33 263 431 173 4,501 24 18 385 83 50 78 399 393 ■288 Indianapolis 19,842 1,227 80 768 1,628 217 7,518 249 852 3,255 058 151 436 1,255 985 563 South Bend 13,443 576 98 402 335 31 5,347 40 3,829 188 121 544 661 1,127 18 126 Terre Haute 3,818 56 17 166 543 35 1,426 13 287 522 52 55 149 255 130 112 Iowa Cedar Rapids 5,325 2,799 23 201 339 19 557 18 43 418 61 21 290 388 81 67 Clinton 4,881 285 7 208 324 12 2,171 27 49 522 68 30 874 100 20 184 Council Blufis 4,384 247 14 193 386 27 872 207 11 :105 148 17 1,576 177 5 199 Davenport 8, 108 268 16 194 381 52 5,290 219 72 581 81 04 601 148 20 121 Des Moines 10, 427 267 27 573 1,629 54 1,431 124 17 804 932 82 2, 761 1,415 63 248 Dubuque 6,099 255 35 173 411 61 3,176 15 6 811 281 89 1.33 193 17 443 Sioux City 10,459 473 138 560 752 35 1,262 .342 30 .561 .580 172 3,444 1,064 311 129 Waterloo 2,707 92 16 211 321 10 897 204 7 210 67 10 389 143 13 117 Kansas Kansas City 10,381 2,993 44 329 896 73 1,853 210 274 1,054 55 177 1,070 963 61 329 Topeka 4,171 48 23 222 700 46 767 28 10 266 52 17 751 853 5 383 Wichita 2,880 67 23 241 443 37 795 28 16 253 13 45 136 178 91 514 Kentucky Covington 3,946 18 6 77 307 51 2, 705 4 7 511 26 12 40 . Lexin^n '944 17 1 46 100 12 '155 29 11 280 88 11 4 87 64 39 Louisville 17,473 316 30 341 938 258 8,471 93 441 2,700 654 74 137 2,014 98 908 Newport 3,407 115 13 68 297 37 1,766 2 68 368 25 4 9 539 6 90 Louisiana Shreveport 1,018 45 4 35 98 91 197 16 5 56 159 1 17 150 86 58 Maine Lewiston 1 9,431 104 6, 660 7;i4 476 34 142 148 579 25 12 11 366 92 48 Portland ' 12,151 * 44 408 4,109 901 24 1 189 78 13 2,952 783 5 915 1 1,350 225 155 212 ABST1{ACT OF THE CENSUS POPULATION i<'()llEl(JN-RORN POPUl.ATlON BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS: 1010 -Contimied. 'I'ultlC 1 7— Continuod. CITY. Total foreign vVllS- tria. Canada. Eng- land, born. French. Other. Scot- land, and Wales. France. Massachusetts nrockton 15, 4B(; 43 917 2,673 1,306 23 brooklinp town 8,401 21 71 2,(H7 830 38 CanibridRp ;i.5,32S 156 1,445 8,727 2,851 131 Chelsea 13,829 1.58 382 2,502 837 15 Chicopee 10,042 4,105 2,877 260 635 83 Everett 9,730 32 197 3,910 1,190 15 Fall Hiver 50, 958 2,614 15, 277 963 11,964 144 FitehburK 13,018 68 4,050 762 1,205 60 Ilaverhili 11,190 313 2, 568 1,879 784 15 Holyoke 2,3, 254 2,396 8,035 557 2, 403 391 Lawrence 41,471 1,450 7,698 1,825 7,022 788 Lowell 43, 494 1,948 12,291 4,051 5, 751 100 Lyun 27,005 264 2.369 7,686 2,607 74 Malden 13,491 130 223 3,737 1 , 2:35 17 New Bedford 43,727 1,8.37 12,241 944 10,050 334 Newton 11,269 25 707 2, 830 1,274 67 Pittsfield 0, 7a3 196 765 329 831 282 Quincy 10,908 46 375 2,132 2,215 30 Salem 13,577 728 4.4.34 1,713 504 49 Somerville 20,818 143 587 7.507 2,273 63 Springfield 23,077 1,357 3,078 1.464 2,359 83 Taunton 9,912 921 1,728 752 1,:361 11 Waltham 7,706 8 602 2,270 957 2.5 Worcester 48,597 362 5.010 3,405 4,012 123 Michigan Battle Creek 2,6.55 88 33 1,053 557 21 Bay City 11,044 107 1,.324 3, 121 . 1,102 34 Flint 6,7.30 269 154 3,. 307 986 22 Grand Rapids 28, 387 549 197 3.029 1.148 48 Jackson 4,364 60 .30 1,008 807 21 Kalamazoo 6,881 155 67 680 588 18 Lansing 4,010 73 51 1.118 462 7 Saginaw - 11,727 222 729 3,312 1.130 135 Minnesota Duluth 30, 703 1,165 1,423 4, 435 1 . 546 69 St. Paul 56.657 3,900 1.096 3,. 3.39 2.879 276 Missouri Joplin 918 29 13 99 171 22 Kansas City 25,466 571 149 1,611 2.927 277 St. Joseph 8,131 566 51 318 640 81 Springfield 1,128 21 12 136 232 10 Montana Butte . - 13,128 955 441 1,.579 2. 701 97 Nebraska Lincoln 7,218 184 24 323 550 28 27, 179 3,414 86 1.1.32 1,989 135 South Omaha 8,021 3.000 16 142 245 10 New Hampshire Manchester 29,708 1.770 13,720 2.716 1,657 54 Nashua 8,962 72 4,830 537 235 10 New Jersey .\tlantie City 6,776 218 17 180 971 102 Bavonne 20, .573 2, 452 27 258 1.449 67 Camden 15,773 972 26 253 2,461 116 East Orange 5,727 147 15 .301 1.300 71 Elizaljeth 23.933 4,117 5.3 216 2.101 117 Hoboken 27,712 1,368 37 138 1,285 107 Orange 8,127 182 10 112 793 40 Passaic 28, .503 8,748 883 22 12G 1,161 48 Paterson 45, 485 155 .332 7,791 824 Perth Amboy 14,323 2,749 44 200 441 35 Trenton 26,376 1,822 74 154 4,071 70 West Hoboken toyni 13, 743 554 23 72 605 447 New York Albany 18,218 586 286 673 1,682 120 Amsterdam 10, ()31 2,5.54 107 172 955 14 .\uburn 7,647 1,4X0 126 40-1 1,272 IS Binghamton 7,415 425 47 213 654 25 Elmira 5,271 221 21 197 515 19 Jame-stown 10,614 35 24 282 1,179 n7 Kingston 3, 394 210 34 58 239 ij Mount Vernon 8,065 215 28 23.3 888 91 New Rochelle 8, 749 154 28 242 888 96 Newburgh 4,. 833 162 4 111 856 11 Niagara Falls 12,108 8fi0 81 4, 1.58 I,. 5:19 .35 Poughkeepsie 4, 548 496 30 94 446 2i Rochester .59,076 1,688 569 9,149 5, 979 .328 Schenectady 18,691 1,279 444 697 2,007 2,942 59 Syracuse no, H4X 1,265 499 2, 7.58 ISl Troy 15,448 897 61.3 572 1,981 65 21,316 2,0.50 165 84S 2,798 ion Watertown 6, 278 271 269 3,078 886 77 ■^'onkers 26, 716 3,927 45 50.3 3,218 161 North Carolina < Jiarlolte ■180 8 1 27 inn tvl 6 Wilmingtou 1 46.3 ,3 1 16 9 PERSONS BORN IN— 21 15 1,431 436 113 161 6,922 330 310 192 171 27 1,310 45 97 211 12 17 213 14 105 1,633 625 40 954 592 42 174 234 130 3 5,194 1,025 19 189 2,182 484 10,536 554 248 2 1,925 884 6 468 3,175 168 43 106 442 14 1,895 1,063 7 126 1,575 324 79 1,565 181 80 5,246 368 38 147 1,687 9,3 67 2,301 171 28 5,943 6,693 318 140 4,402 2,077 615 205 3,782 24 9,983 259 183 772 1,886 a37 1,622 350 958 25 .5.153 1,354 17 1,622 3,929 823 374 287 8 15 2,810 523 57 932 3, .301 95 121 777 172 13 2.583 666 97 393 1,715 354 11,551 185 3 14 3,724 1,198 21 474 501 81 165 623 38 34 1,629 1,158 3 193 583 9 110 172 30 2 1,670 1,539 13 1,332 1,170 41 141 106 248 6 2,811 403 7 160 2,167 165 76 412 75 25 5,320 1.777 21 935 814 161 705 975 213 32 5,679 2,915 20 1.176 3,028 437 261 1S5 30 2:3 2,082 1.33 13 80 476 40 2,077 108 30 1 2. 128 615 14 610 232 19 87 580 S3 20 10.535 2,889 33 8,599 10. 219 2,469 258 301 50 16 169 35 50 102 46 43 91 2,727 12 23 399 22 60 366 1,644 41 02 549 34 296 227 192 46 107 422 38 81 4,546 31 209 871 .319 11,912 1.366 3,622 284 256 1,004 48 12 421 58 48 61 701 8 77 869 20 200 .306 43 3,470 128 247 12 78 1.363 30 98 127 74 107 86 209 153 52 4. 408 18 114 398 218 26 141 767 2 107 2,595 57 76 620 648 190 12,695 4. 739 62 383 14,025 129 1 , 989 4,184 1.995 264 16,810 4,432 202 1,137 309 ♦ 21 4 95 24 8 48 33 8 34 5,354 758 332 3,267 2. 579 388 2,666 3,431 146 1.010 2,641 237 407 760 19.3 52 415 1,290 44 436 327 10 8 142 19 3 129 8 16 55 858 74 40 3, 196 1.51 40 1,048 1,239 66 643 1,197 187 61 291 72 26 740 3,355 35 145 4.861 486 554 1.849 2,361 126 (>.860 2,614 188 524 98.5 .59 505 659 116 162 690 985 72 375 1.225 1,.330 11 3.482 77 182 997 783 1.599 105 22 570 2 8,36 .52 1 58 1.216 492 29 835 75 114 9n6 1,383 27 116 1,1.54 124 524 1.706 7 1,795 3, 444 1.7.38 18 3.55 6,918 27 312 3,754 O'? 'J71 1.852 2,331 34 407 2,684 59 531 969 6 121 1,403 361 25 .520 288 18 182 4.900 44 1,457 3, 345 2,226 51 623 4,291 9 38;t 10,018 106 521 3,077 6, 555 640 1,706 1,712 42 400 1,001 174 80 2. 024 2 , 960 12 180 367 44 148 2. 097 32 6, .5.34 1,079 2,972 1,277 233 3, 961 22 191 5 , 741 101 483 4,971 9,317 5,660 243 6,867 388 1,729 1,201 27 3,887 .547 566 23 1,986 2, 440 25 152 4,149 88 4,980 2,481 4,268 48 189 3,727 24 231 4,205 2 121 .562 4,218 80 239 702 836 1,077 4,620 8.3 67 4, ,545 2, 205 288 188 2, 460 146 269 1,702 16 41 978 1,7.50 4 88 2,129 12 109 22 74 1,.503 1,.59.5 12 50 251 38 57 681 .52 1,769 1,8-31 595 13 102 865 47 90 1,162 17 42 1,277 919 15 97 659 38 72 2.56 41 1.3 244 939 24 7, 245 66 188 41 1,020 12 86 681 nso H 31 540 44 37 1,647 10 96 1,048 2,670 20 :i0.5 656 12 146 1,211 29 75 1,568 2,884 37 476 824 12 225 512 .30 1:19 1,555 675 12 121 .524 32 59 8:12 17 72 839 1 , 926 22 102 1,.397 162 60 SCI 21 22:1 957 7.37 37 90 456 15 64 14,624 176 115 5, 2no 10,638 1,.374 607 7,187 273 8.39 .3, 428 102 1 S.V) J,:!55 3, 6(50 74 404 3,880 29 327 6, 903 106 1 212 4,877 4, 756 49 200 .5, 278 319 i)0:t 1,818 51 1 62 .5,410 1,462 :i,3 654 1,069 597 104 .3,073 49 1 116 2,021 6,688 ;j3 toi 2, 588 365 .318 196 19 1 104 469 602 1 n6 143 65 62 2 , 3.37 89 1 2,664 1 5 , 255 ■1. 116 HI 645 .3,042 113 4S7 97 IS i 1 :!2 12 1 1.3 ■II 70 17 198 in 1 5 35 9 22 no 27 32 ('OUNTRY OF OHKilN 21H FOKEKJN-BOKN POPULATION PY COUNTRY OF PIRTH, IN ('ITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 To 250, (K)0 INHAPITANTS; 1010 — Continued. TabU! 1 7— Continued. PEK.SONS liOKN IN — CITY. 'I'otal foro'gn Aus- tria. Canada. Eng- land, (ier- luany. Hun- gary. Neth- er- lands Nor- way, Russia Tur- key. All born. Frencli. other. Scot- land, and Wales. France. G rcece. Ireland. Italy. (Hol- land), and Bel- gium. Sweden, and Den- mark. and Fin- land. Other coun- tries. Ohio Akron 13,249 933 60 417 1,925 167 3, 152 64 3,308 605 799 29 585 602 150 453 Canton 8, 658 504 18 152 854 169 2,31.3 357 1,559 192 980 19 M6 591 144 660 Columbus 16,363 818 79 617 1,9.35 150 5, 722 12.3 970 1,809 1,619 140 168 1,534 131 548 Day ton 13,892 060 27 380 620 93 5,817 117 2, 761 976 356 41 80 1,527 215 222 Hamilton 3,315 112 1 05 149 48 2, 152 42 108 167 178 9 18 . 99 4 106 l.ima 1,627 48 9 128 214 14 506 13 9 357 158 6 24 51 13 77 borain 10,938 2,194 38 262 804 18 1,188 12 3,954 290 452 21 124 1,452 50 79 Newark 2,051 178 4 58 219 17 497 18 595 197 103 2 26 24 54 .59 SprinRlield 'Iwedo 3, 174 80 8 124 369 12 1,119 53 28 830 173 20 43 103 108 104 32,144 879 681 2,499 2,052 246 15,308 81 2,927 1,971 270 140 323 3,345 243 1,179 Youngstown 24,896 4,005 21 326 4,239 48 2,100 134 5, 490 1,842 3,604 26 046 1,761 253 401 Zanesville 1 , (>05 44 8 44 217 16 601 28 213 184 14 1 9 152 54 20 Oklahoma Muskogee 549 12 7 63 99 17 1.34 46 • 2 48 7 6 38 33 6 31 Oklahoma City 3,337 273 52 294 477 35 674 130 27 202 40 31 181 227 124 .570 Oregon Portland .50,312 2,548 442 4,769 5,303 505 7,490 701 584 2,267 2,557 4.39 8,723 4,892 384 8,648 Pennsylvania Allentown 6, 240 1,530 7 33 322 48 1,104 29 1,359 416 662 7 29 550 66 78 .\ltoona 5,224 309 4 37 426 12 1,658 91 68 530 1,281 3 60 540 82 123 Chester 6,712 1,160 9 90 1,287 44 466 13 69 1,526 869 8 88 1,005 7 71 Easton 3, 129 86 9 30 364 22 754 43 305 228 732 15 32 416 47 46 Erie 14,963 720 48 857 788 79 .5,603 53 588 1,122 1,307 33 913 2,428 8 410 Harrisburg 4,157 299 1 65 .391 18 834 46 621 315 479 7 34 875 15 157 Hazleton 6,003 1,320 1 10 363 13 872 3 228 367 1,892 3 3 815 52 .55 Johnstown 15,333 4,736 4 .58 1,067 16 1,582 37 4,563 447 1,905 14 53 510 262 79 3,214 12,645 40 32 184 ‘>9 1,993 38 39 144 195 2 20 390 6 103 McKeesport 3, 107 4 66 i,a5.3 27 1,.533 90 2,500 740 586 5 1,253 762 24 95 New Castle 8,634 1,263 10 132 2,024 32 491 49 505 449 2,397 10 ()6 920 141 145 Norristown borough 4,030 61 2 .52 606 18 510 15 23 992 1,442 6 44 203 1 55 Reading 8,823 1,415 5 58 496 .50 2,754 170 243 344 1,076 7 33 1,905 190 77 Scranton 35,122 3,184 17 284 7,716 81 4,325 71 1,214 5,302 3,, 549 22 142 8,571 265 379 Shenandoah borough 10, 4.59 1,225 1 10 ,529 9 273 5 3 265 432 1 3 7,514 152 37 Wilkes-Barre 16,097 2,578 7 116 3,930 32 2, 401 63 259 1,588 956 10 224 3, ,508 319 106 Williamsport 2,335 59 58 78 285 27 880 8 8 324 .314 2 80 145 25 42 York 1,594 109 6 41 187 2.3 607 44 20 71 180 1 26 165 9 45 Rhode Island Newport 6,381 58 137 391 1,080 78 275 130 18 2,316 .573 10 564 188 45 .518 Pawtucket 17,989 210 3,367 050 6,8.34 162 607 267 4 3,438 717 48 ,5.59 481 395 244 Providence 76,999 1,574 4,494 4, .341 12,676 .367 2,076 451 126 15,801 17, .30.5 250 4,0.58 7,518 2,140 3,822 Warwick town 9,021 419 3,190 246 1,129 93 160 5 13 622 1,3.39 190 1,023 82 20 490 Woonsocket 16,548 1,378 9,728 335 963 682 185 50 14 1,195 483 425 84 622 310 94 South Carolina Charleston 2,448 52 8 38 199 22 891 134 14 345 191 17 106 295 50 86 448 14 11 89 5 65 27 2 43 19 20 17 82 42 12 Tennessee Chattanooga 1,.342 19 2 107 213 24 262 .34 23 118 10 13 26 431 13 47 792 12 4 52 172 0 165 23 40 88 22 9 106 1 92 Memphis 6.. 520 2fd 32 305 091 114 1,429 230 71 803 1,140 29 205 956 18 236 Nashville 3,017 91 6 129 366 57 554 63 177 572 91 8 46 596 61 200 Texas Austin 2, 455 80 5 51 240 26 794 7 7 117 49 3 369 40 79 588 Dallas 5, 264 254 37 241 804 144 1,434 75 35 369 .338 35 243 744 41 470 El Paso 14, 504 66 27 200 351 85 447 4 39 163 50 28 9.5 176 59 12,714 Fort Worth 4.280 411 16 213 513* 43 708 63 21 364 190 45 293 598 130 672 Galveston 6, 307 567 13 90 738 153 1,563 64 98 564 568 46 751 387 39 666 Houston 6.408 369 15 228 706 135 1,771 132 91 460 639 36 202 636 155 773 San Antonio 17,495 351 30 268 997 230 3,398 8 56 485 444 147 173 469 101 10,338 1,328 4,879 75 95 11 323 16 51 161 1 140 172 47 175 Utah Ogden 44 12 175 1.652 25 239 202 4 180 169 696 903 49 30 499 Salt Lake City 19,544 214 55 747 7,532 110 2, 102 , 621 90 664 379 456 4,662 355 195 1,362 Virginia Lynchburg 459 7 2 24 83 4 46 41 1 41 27 4 7 142 10 20 Norfolk 3,676 40 22 140 442 28 402 179 19 226 345 14 138 1,341 95 245 Portsmouth 1,147 16 9 59 132 3 130 13 5 136 153 11 .59 367 6 48 Richmond 4, 136 118 8 114 652 56 892 99 36 405 511 18 67 829 175 156 774 14 50 212 13 79 43 4 88 27 2 16 76 131 13 Washington Seattle 67, 456 2,025 836 9,872 8,553 646 6, 176 967 345 3,177 3,457 720 17,749 3,877 589 8,467 Spokane 21,820 712 310 4,040 2,898 164 2,755 144 126 1,021 1,545 25,5 5,786 879 39 1,146 Tacoma 22, 498 1,265 261 2,622 2,572 273 2,545 258 102 916 1,202 105 7,731 988 100 1,558 West Virginia Huntington 520 8 5 33 128 4 112 24 13 54 32 10 14 18 40 31 Wheeling 5,428 527 7 62 OIO o-i 2,236 1.30 i(;4 544 291 18 45 491 180 105 Wisconsin 4,057 6,044 165 155 210 109 29 1.125 2 186 14 1.199 529 272 27 35 La Crossed 564 42 164 194 19 2,723 13 54 159 20 26 1,629 153 172 112 Madison 4,234 104 7 169 334 11 1,320 53 34 346 335 24 1,079 251 12 155 Oshkosh 7,410 806 33 338 322 7 4,482 127 24 143 10 25 513 426 28 126 Racine 12,513 1, 102 21 154 745 24 2, 890 118 566 235 449 137 4.251 1,559 192 70 Sheboygan 8.609 973 11 44 65 8 4.618 336 47 46 1 595 153 1.648 12 112 Superior 13,799 488 458 1,577 069 59 1,011 27 171 452 48 375 5,733 2,478 2 251 ■•ii> ' . ..1 i ' < •■■■• ■': . V 'V'-. 1 . ** i t « : ..t ^ a. ,1 ’. ‘fc' ■ C ' ; i' ■^'■ ■ . ■^‘ ’i '. . - ■ ; ^r- : ' •>»» ..f 1 / ' t 3“'- i - I U,\'' ' 1 ;.... ' '>-h 'i !»• • "V > (t ■t , ■**./' 4t.m C It APT Eli 6. THE FOREIGN-BOKN POPULATION— DATE OF IMMIGRATION. Introduction. — This cliaptor summarizes the statis- tics in regard to the year of immigration of the for- eign-born poj)ulation, as returned at the Thirteenth Decennial Census. The census schetlules of 1910 and 1900 both contained an inquiry, apjilicable oidy to the foreign-born population, as to the year of immigration to the United States. This inquiry was designed in part to afford, in connection with the statistics of im- migration, a means for determining what proportion of the immigrants of each year or period of years had remained in this country and were still living. It also furnishes a basis for determining the sections of the country in which the immigrants of different periods have mainly settled. United States as a whole. — Table 1 summarizes the results of this inquiry at the last two censuses for the United States as a whole (not including Alaska, Ha- waii, Porto Rico, or other outlying possessions) . Table 1 YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. Total Year not reported Total with year reported. 1910, to Apr. 15.. 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1901-1904 1900 or earlier 1906-1910 1901-1905 1896-1900 1891-1895 1890 or earlier 1901-1910 1900 or earlier Distributing those with year not reported: Total 1901-1910 1900 or earlier Length of residence in United States, in years (y.) and months (m!). Less than 3J m 3i m.-l y. 3i m 1 y. 3i m.-2 y. 3^ m. . . 2 y. 3i m.-3 y. 3| m. .. 3 y. 3| m.-4 y. 3| m.. . 4 y. 3j m.-5 y. 3j m. . . 5 y. 3J m.-9 y. 3J m. . . 9 y. 3i m. or more Less than 4 y. 3J m . . . 4 y. 3i m.-9 y. 3J m. .. 9 y. 3J m.-14 y. 3i m . . 14 y. 3J m.-19 y. 3§ m. 19 y. 3J m. or more Less than 9 y. 3^ m 9 y. 3i m. or more Less than 9 y. 3i m 9 y. 3i m. or more F 1910 (APRIL 15). YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. CENSUS OF 1900 (JUNE 1). Total foreign born. Foreign-born white. Length of residence in United States, in years (y.) and months (m.). Total foreign born. Foreign-bom white. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 13,515,886 13, 345, 545 Total 10, 341,276 10, 213,817 1, 340', 819 i; 318, 959 Year not reiiorted 1,012,653 l',00i;460 12, 175, 067 100.0 12, 026, 586 100.0 Total with year 9,328,623 100.0 9,212,357 100.0 reported. 233,852 1.9 231,696 1.9 1900, to June 1. . . Less than 5 m 201,128 2.2 192,607 2.1 579,419 4. 8 573,585 4.8 1899 235,410 2.5 229,315 2.5 412^683 3. 4 405^631 3. 4 1898 195^ 291 2. 1 191; 399 2. 1 706; 771 5.8 694', 362 5.8 1897 2 y. 5 m.-3 y. 5 m 172; 288 1.8 169; 117 1. 8 637; 398 5.2 623,647 5.2 1896 3 V. 5 m.-4 y. 5 m 199; 749 2.1 197,536 2.1 530, 808 4.4 520, 161 4. 3 1895 4 y. 5 m.-5 v. 5 m 214,577 2.3 212, 198 2. 3 1,505', 214 12.4 1,479,844 12.3 1891-1894 5 y. 5 m.-9 y. 5 m 1,144,654 12.3 1,136; 842 12.3 7,568,922 62.2 7,497,660 62.3 1890 or earlier 9 y. 5 m. or more 6,965,526 74.7 6,883,343 74.7 2,570, 123 21.1 2,528,921 2L0 1890-1900 Less than 4 y. 5 m 1,003,866 10.8 979, 974 10.6 2,030,022 16.7 2,000,005 16.6 1891-1895 4 y. 5 m.-9 y. 5 m 1,359,231 14.6 1,349,040 14. 6 1,063; 699 8.7 i; 046; 500 8.7 1886-1890 9 y. 5 m.-14' y. 5 m i;596;930 17. 1 1,585;062 17.2 1,157,513 9.5 1,148,645 9.6 1881-1885 14 V. 5 m.-19 y. 5 m. . . 1,566,448 16.8 1,546,825 16.8 5,347,710 43.9 5,302,515 44. 1 1880 or earlier 19 y.5 m.or more 3,802,148 40.8 3,751,456 40.7 4,606,145 37.8 4,528,926 37.7 1891-1900 Less than 9 y. 5 m 2,363,097 25.3 2,329,014 25.3 7,568,922 62.2 7,497,060 62.3 1890 or earlier 9 y. 5 m. or more 6,965,526 74.7 6,883,343 74.7 Distributing those with year not reported; 13,515, 886 100.0 13,345, 545 100.0 Total 10,341,276 100.0 10,213,817 100.0 5,088,084 37.6 5,000,098 37.5 1891-1900 Less than 9 y. 5 m 2,609,173 25.2 2,571,196 25.2 8,427,802 62.4 8,345,447 62.5 1890 or earlier 9 y. 5 m. or more 7,732, 103 74.8 7,642,621 74.8 It will be noted from this table that for about one- tenth of the foreign-born population, both in 1910 and in 1900, the year of immigration was not reported. Consequently the numbers reported as having arrived in each specified year or group of years somewhat understate the actual numbers. There is no way of knowing whether this understatement is relatively greater in the case of one class than in the case of another, but it is probable that approximately cor- rect figures for any given year or group of years will be obtained by adding one-ninth to the number actu- ally reported. The percentages shown in Table 1 (except those in the last two lines) are all based upon the total number for whom the year of immigration was reported. Of the foreign born of all races combined in 1910 for whom the year was reported, 21.1 per cent had arrived dur- ing the period from January 1, 1906, to April 15, 1910 (four years, three and one-half months), 16.7 per cent during the five years 1901-1905, 8.7 per cent between 1896 and 1900, 9.5 per cent between 1891 and 1895, and 43.9 percent in 1890 or earlier. About three-eighths of those for whom thedate of arrival was reported thus ar- rived during the period of nine years, three and one-half months beginning January 1, 1901, and five-eighths be- fore that date. The percentages for the foreign-born whites taken by themselves are substantially the same. This table reflects roughly the variations which have taken place from year to year in the number of immi- grants. For example, the number reported in 1910 as having arrived during 1907 (706,771) was much greater than the number reported as having arrived during 1908 (412,683), which corresponds with the va- riation shown by the statistics of immigration. Again, the number reported as having arrived during the five years 1891-1895 (1,157,513) was considerably greater ( 215 ) ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. 21t> t han the number reported as having arrivetl from 1890 to 1900 (1,06.'1,699), which conforms to the statistics shouang that immigration was heavier during the ear- lier years of that decade than during the later. Table 1 also presents estimates as t o the total num- ber of the foreign boin enumerated in 1910 who had arrived, respectively, before and after January 1, 1901. Tlie estimates (which represent the totals derived from calculations made for each stale separately) are made on the assumption that the ])ei‘Sons for whom the date of arrival was not reported should be distributed in the same ratio as those for whom reports were made. Similar estimates have been made on the l)asis of the returns at the census of 1900. It is estimated on the above basis that about .5,000,000 of tlie foreign- born whites wlio were enumerated on April 15, 1910, had arrived in this country subsequently to January 1, 1901. During the period from January 1, 1901, to April 1, 1910, the Bureau of Immigration recorded the arrival in the United States of 8, 22.3, .325 immi- grants. The difference betweeii these two figures, about 3,223,325, represents the number .who had left the country or died — chiefly those who had returned to their native country. Tliose who were enumerated in 1910 represented 62.2 percent of the total number of immigrants during this period. Divisions and states. — Table 2 shows, by geographic divisions and states, the foreign-born white popula- tion as enumerated in 1910, distributed according to the time of arrival in the United States. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION, BY A^EAR OF ARRIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS \ND STATES: 1910. Table ‘i YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. PER CENT.l 1 DIVISION AND STATE. 1906- .\pr. 15, 1910 1901- 1!)05 1891- 1!HX) 1890 or earlier. Year un- known. 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. United States. 2,1>28,921 2,000,005|2,195,145 5,302,515 1,318,959 21.0 16.6 62.3 Geographic Divs.: New England. . . 369, 442 283,246 390,564 686, 607 84, 527 21.4 16.4 62.3 Middle Atlantic. 1,095, 778 906, 454 904,348 1,577,972 341,627 24.4 20.2 55.4 E. North Central .522,008 391,942 418.690 1,433, 180 301,400 18.9 14.2 67.0 W. North Central 186, 544 155,683 195,365 836,626 239, 013 13.6 11.3 75.1 South Atlantic. . 56,884 40,259 40,322 98, 320 54,770 24.1 17.1 58.8 E. South Central. 8,587 7,641 8,934 42, 792 18,903 12.6 11.2 76.1 W. South Central 49,857 34, 596 48,929 121,484 93,893 19.6 13.6 66.9 Mountain 90,961 58.916 63,082 159,212 64, 739 24.4 15.8 59.7 Pacific 148,860 121,268 124,911 346,322 120,087 20.1 16.4 63.6 New Engund: Maine 19,226 14,024 21,268 39, 234 16,381 20.5 15.0 64.5 New Hampshire . 20, 756 12,353 20,743 36, 674 6,032 22.9 13.6 63.4 Vermont 10, 437 6,638 8,763 20, 410 3,613 22.6 14.4 63.1 Massachusetts. .. 212, 285 164, 322 234,894 409,113 30, 436 20.8 16.1 63.1 Rhode Island 34, 712 28,072 37,505 65,546 12, 190 20.9 16.9 62.1 Coimecticut 72, 026 57,837 67, 391 115, 630 15,875 23.0 18.5 58.5 MroDLE ,\TLANTIC: New York 598,583 516,519 542,974 907, 939 163,257 23.3 20.1 56.5 New Jersey 143,335 112,777 121,956 226,029 54,091 23.7 18.7 57.6 Pennsylvania .353,860 277, 158 239, 418 444,004 124, 279 26.9 21.1 52.0 E. N. Central: Ohio 129,675 88,621 73,623 248,315 57,011 24.0 16.4 59.6 Indiana 30, 137 17,137 16,212 71,918 23, 918 22.3 12.7 65.1 Illinois 221,195 177,158 184, 207 511,537 108, 463 20.2 16.2 63. 6 Michigan 87,616 65. 520 83, 784 .305, 283 53, 321 16.2 12.1 71.8 Wisconsin 53,385 43, 506 60,864 296,127 58,687 11.8 9.6 78.7 W. N. Central: Minnesota 62, 152 59, 646 75,259 288, 434 57, .519 12.8 12.3 74.9 Iowa 24, 986 17,293 27, 1,34 1,56,614 47, 457 11.1 7.7 81.3 Missouri 31,764 23,618 22,619 113,213 .37, 682 16.6 12.4 71.0 North Dakota. . . 20,397 23, 744 27, 906 .58, 922 25, 189 15.6 18.1 66.3 South Dakota . . . 10,313 9,521 13,004 .51,727 16,063 12.2 11.3 76.5 YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. DIVISION AND STATE. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 1905 1891- l!*00 1890 or earlier. W. N. Cen.— C on. Nebraska 19, 726 12,738 18,113 99,686 Kansas 17,206 9,123 11,330 68,030 South Atlantic: Delaware 3,197 2,482 2,608 5,986 Maryland 14,061 13, 296 16,298 45,516 Dist. of Columbia 2,837 2,494 3,203 10,255 Virginia 4,494 22,623 3,327 3,793 8,593 West Virginia. . . 10,869 5,818 9,794 North Carolina. . 918 576 713 1,778 South Carolina. . 642 530 654 2,205 Georgia 1,822 1,746 2,112 5,067 Florida 6,290 4,933 5,123 9,126 E. S. Central: Kentucky 2,977 2, 194 3,285 24,556 Tennessee 1,878 1,800 2,069 8,152 .\labama 2,673 2,479 2, 379 6,821 Misvsissippi 1,059 1,168 1,201 .3,263 W. S. Central: Arkansas 1,277 1,704 1,789 7,509 Louisiana 4,188 5,571 8,720 18,260 Oklahoma 4,410 3,082 4,4.52 16,609 Texas 39,982 24, 239 .3.3,968 79, 100 Mountain: Montana 20,290 12,936 15, 358 .30,30.3 Idaho 6,731 4,448 4,821 16,652 W voming 7,829 4,783 3,826 7,945 Colorado 22,095 10,678 19,944 51,408 New Mexico 6,027 3,002 3, 165 6,162 Arizona 13,676 7,556 6,650 6,895 10,516 U tail 10,493 6, 657 29, ,320 Nevada 3,820 2,803 2,416 6,906 Pacific: Washington 43, 444 ;15,450 33,917 85,031 Oregon 18,772 13,040 13, 178 40,622 California 86,644 72, 778 77,816 220, 609 PER CENT.! Year un- known. 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. 25,602 13.1 8.5 78.4 29,501 16.3 8.6 75.1 ;i,147 22.4 17.4 60.2 15,003 15.8 14.9 69.3 5,562 15.1 13.3 71.6 6,421 22,2 16.5 61.3 7,968 46.1 22.1 31.8 1,957 23.0 14.5 62.5 2,017 15.9 13.3 70.8 4,325 17.0 16.2 66. 8 8,370 24.7 19.4 5.5.9 7,041 9.0 6.6 84.3 4,500 13.5 13.0 73.5 4,004 18.6 17.3 64.1 2,698 15.8 17.5 66.7 4,630 10.4 13.9 75. 7 15,043 11.4 16.2 73.4 11,531 15. 4 10.8 7.3.8 62,689 22.6 13.7 63.8 12. 757 25.7 16.4 57.9 7, 775 20.6 1.3. 6 65.8 2,735 32.1 19.6 48.3 16,726 20.1 15.1 64.8 4,298 32.8 16.4 50.8 8,181 35.4 19.6 45. 1 10,273 19.8 12.5 67.7 1,994 23.9 17.9 58.2 4,3,, 355 22.0 17.9 00. 1 17,389 21.9 15.2 62.8 .59,343 18.9 15.9 65.2 1 Percentages based only on the number for whom the year of inimigralion was reported. Marked differences appear among the geographic divisions with respect to the r(flative importance of recent and earlier immigrants in the presents foreign- born population. Designating persons who came to the United States after January 1, 1901, as recent arrivals, and those who came before tliat date as earlier arrivals, it will be seen that in the United States as a whole the recent arriA'^als formed 37.7 per cent of the total number of foreign-born whites for whom the year of arrival was reported. In the Middle Atlantic division, however, they represented 44.6 per cent of the total, in the South Atlantic division 41.2 per cent, and in the Mountain division 40.3 per cent. On tlie other hand, in the West North Central division the newcomers constituted only 24.9 per cent of the total foreign-born wliite ])opulation, and in the East South Central only 23.9 per cent.' ' Since those j)erceiit,ap:es are based upon the figures lor those who reported the year of iniinigration, they are, of course, subject to a certain margin of error because of the fact that the considerable number of ])ersons who failed to report the year of immigration may have been differently distributed as regards the time of arrival; but beyond question they bring out substantially the true con- ditions in the several geographic divisions. DATE OF IMMIGRATION OF FOREIGN BORN. 217 Another method of showing tJie difference between the recent arrivals and the earlier with respect to the sections of the country in which they have settled is by means of percentages, distributing among the geo- graphic divisions tlie total number reported as having arrived within a given period of time. Such per- centages, derived from Table 2, are shown in Table 3. Table 3 nn’ISION OK RESIDENCE, PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL NUMBER OF FOREIGN-BORN WHITES WHO ARRIVED DURING THE YEARS— I90S- Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 1905 1891- 1900 1890 or earlier. Year un- known. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14. G 14.2 17.8 12.9 6. 4 43.3 45.3 41.2 29.8 25.9 20. G 19.6 19.1 27.0 22.9 7.4 7.8 8.9 15.8 18.1 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 4.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.4 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.3 7.1 3.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 4.9 5.9 6.1 5. 7 6.5 9.1 The recent arrivals have largely concentrated in the three northeastern geographic divisions — the New Eng- land, the Middle Atlantic, and the East North Central — principally in the Middle Atlantic. Of the foreign- born whites enumerated in 1910 who reported arrival after January 1, 1906, 43.3 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division, 20.6 per cent in the East North Central division, and 14.6 per cent iti New England, leaving only 21.4 per cent in all the rest of the country. The distribution of those who reported arrival between 1901 and 1905 was substantially the same, and tliat of those earlier immigrants who arrived from 1891 to 1900 was not very different. On the other Jiand, of tliose who had arrived in 1890 or earlier, f)nly 29.8 per cent were in the Middle Atlantic division and 12.9 per cent in the New England division. The i)ro- portion of this class residing in the East North Central division (27 per cent), however, was much larger than the proportion of the more recent immigrants residing in that division. The West North Central division contained 15.8 per cent of those Avho reported arrival in 1890 or earlier, while only 7.4 per cent of those who arrived after January 1, 1906, were in that division. To facilitate comparison between the recent ar- rivals and the earlier, the foreign-l)orn whites in each geographic division and state who failed to report the date of arrival have been distributed by estimates as having arrived, respectively, before and after January 1, 1901. The estimates are made in the manner al- ready explained in connection with Table 1, page 215. The results are shown in Table 4. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION IN 1910, DISTRIBUTED (PARTLY BY ESTIMATES) AS ARRIVING BEFORE OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 1901, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. Table 4 DIVISION AND STATE. TTnited States Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . West North Central . South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Coimecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Total foreign-bom white: 1910 ESTIMATED NUMBER WHO ARRIVED IN THE UNITED ST.VTES— DIVISION AND STATE. Total foreign-bom white : 1910 ESTIMATED NUMBER WHO ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES — Before Jan. 1, 1901. Between Jan. 1. 1901, and Apr. 15, 1910. Before Jan. 1, 1901. Between Jan. 1, 1901, and Apr. 15, 1910. Number. Per cent. Number. Per rent. 13,345,545 8,345,447 5,000,098 37.5 West North Central— C ontd.: Kansas 135,' 190 101 1512 33; 678 2419 1,814,386 1, 129, 913 684,473 37.7 South Atlantic: 4, 826, 179 2,670,407 2, 155, 772 44.7 > Delaware 17,420 10.489 6,931 39. 8 3, 067, 220 2,054,803 1,012,417 33.0 Maryland 104,174 72, 214 31,960 :i0.7 1,613,231 1,211,646 401,585 24.9 District of Columbia 24,351 17,442 6,909 28.4 290, 555 171,612 118,943 40.9 Virginia 26,628 16, 322 10,306 :i8.7 86,857 65,768 21,089 24.3 West Virginia 57, 072 18, 145 38,927 68. 2 348, 759 233, 452 115,307 33.1 North Carolina 5,942 3,714 2,228 37.5 436, 910 260, 936 175, 974 40.3 South Carolina 6,054 4,287 1,767 29.2 861,448 546, 910 314, 538 36.5 Georgia 15,072 10,068 5.004 33.2 33,842 18, 931 14,911 44. 1 East South Central: 110, 133 71,073 39,060 35.5 Kentucky 40,053 33.779 6,274 15.7 96,558 61,243 35,315 36.6 Tennessee 18,459 13, 574 4,885 26.5 49, 861 31,452 18, 409 36.9 Alabama 18. 956 12, 151 6,805 35.9 1,051,050 663, 212 387,838 36.9 Mississippi 9,389 6.264 3,125 33.3 178,025 110,626 67,399 37.9 West South Central: 328, 759 192, 307 136, 452 41.5 Arkansas 16,909 12,804 4,105 24.3 Louisiana 51,782 :18, 027 13, 755 26.6 2,729,272 1,543,224 1,186,048 43.5 Oklahoma 40,084 29, .566 10,518 26.2 658, 188 379, 144 279, 04-1 42.4 Texas 239, 984 1.53, 055 86, 929 36.2 1,438,719 748, 039 690,680 48.0 Mountain: Montana 91,644 53, 045 38, 599 42.1 597,245 355, 912 241,333 40.4 Idaho 40,427 26, 586 13.841 34.2 159, 322 103, 697 55, 625 34.9 Wyoming 27,118 13,091 14, 027 51. 7 1,202,560 764,716 437,844 36.4 Colorado 126, 851 82, 189 44,662 35.2 595,524 427,328 168, 196 28.2 New Mexico 22, 654 11.511 11,143 49.2 512, 569 403, 150 109, 419 21.3 .Arizona 46, 824 21,097 25, 727 ,54.9 U tah 63, 393 42, 934 20, 459 32.3 543,010. 406, 782 136,228 25.1 Nevada 17,999 10, 483 7,516 41.8 273,484 222,328 51, 156 18.7 Pacific: 228, 896 162,600 66,296 29.0 Washington 241,197 145,014 96, 183 39.9 156,158 103, 527 52,631 33.7 Oregon 103. 001 64,728 38,273 :i7.2 100,628 77,027 23, 601 23.5 California 517, 250 337, 168 180,082 34.8 Urban and rural communities.— Table 5 distributes the foreign-born white population in the urban and rural communities, respectively, of each geographic division according to the time of arrival in the United States. This table shows that the more recent arrivals have more generally gone to urban communities than the earlier ones. In 1910, of the foreign-born whites in urban communities who reported the year of immigra- tion, 39.8 percent had arrived after January 1, 1901; of 218 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION those ill rural communities only 31 .7 per cent. Of the 4,r)28p)2() forei<;n-born wliites who reported arrival after January 1, 1901, 3,514,756, or 77.6 per cent, resided in urban communities, and only 1,014,170, or 22.4 per cent, in rural communities; while of the 5,302,515 who reported arrival in 1890 or earlier, 3,611,131, or 68.1 per cent, resided in urban communities, and 1,691,384, or 31.9 per cent, in rural communities. 'Tabic rt FOREIGN-BORN WHITE IN 1910, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. DIVISION. Urban communities. Rural communities. Year of immigration. Per cent.' Year of immigration. Per cent." ItlOd- .\ iir. 1.5, 1910 1901- 190.5 IS91- 19(M) IS90 or earlier. Year un- known. 1906 1910 1901 190.5 19<)0 or ear- lier. 1906- •Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 190.5 1891- 1900 1890 or earlier. Year un- known. 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. United States 1.945, 819 1,568, 937 1,701,911 3, 611, 131 807, 571 22.0 17.8 60.2 583, 102 431, 068 493, 234 1,691,384 511,388 18.2 13.5 68.3 New England 346,817 265, 416 363,899 6.30,398 70,060 21.6 16.5 61.9 22,625 17,830 26,665 56,209 14,467 18.3 14.5 67.2 Middle .A.tlantic 904,753 770, 443 783,663 1,333,461 257, 157 23.9 20.3 55.8 191,025 1.36,011 120, 685 244,511 84,470 27.6 19.6 52.8 East North Central 435,287 316,937 319,051 929, 710 188,306 21.8 15.8 62.4 86, 721 75,005 99,639 503,470 113,094 11.3 9.8 78.9 We,st North Central 94,803 74,184 75,312 287,948 99,449 17.8 13.9 68.3 91,741 81,499 120,053 548, 678 1.39,564 10.9 9.7 79.4 South Atlantic 29, 128 25,805 29,612 70,665 36,546 18.8 16.6 64.6 27,7.56 14,454 10,710 27,655 18,224 34.4 17.9 47.6 East South C.entral 5,431 4,922 6,261 29, 694 11,624 11.7 10.6 77.6 3,156 2,719 2, 673 13,098 7,279 14.6 12.6 72.9 West South Central 17,679 14,222 19,112 46,716 39,079 18.1 14.6 67.4 32,178 20,374 29,817 74,768 54,814 20.5 13.0 66.6 Mountain 27,918 22,000 26,195 70, .540 26, 678 19.0 15.0 66.0 63,043 36,916 36,887 88,672 38,061 28.0 16.4 55.7 Pacific 84,003 75,008 78,806 211,999 .78, 672 18.7 16.7 64.6 64,8.57 46,260 46, 105 1.34,323 41,415 22.2 15.9 61.9 ‘ Percentages based only on the number for whom the year of immigration was reported. Principal cities. — Table 6 distributes the foreign- born whites of each city of 100,000 inhabitants or more, as enumerated at the census of 1910, according to the time of arrival in the United States. Very marked differences appear among the cities with re- spect to the proportions of the more recent and the earlier arrivals. In New York City 23.6 per cent of those who reported specifically the year of arrival had arrived between January 1, 1906, and the date of enu- meration in 1910; 22 percent between 1901 and 1905; and 54.4 per cent in 1900 or earlier. In New Orleans, on the other hand, only 9.9 per cent reported arrival between 1906 and 1910, while 78.6 per cent reported arrival in 1900 or earlier. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE POPULATION, BY YEAR OF ARRIVAL IN THE UNITED STATES, FOR CITIES HAVING 100.000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table 6 YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. PER CENT.' CITY. 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 1905 1891- liKK) 1890 or earlier. Year un- known 1906- 1910 1901- 190,’) 1900 or ear- lier. Albany, N. Y 2,501 2,010 2. 238 8,996 2,420 15.9 12.8 71.3 Atlanta, Ga 646 561 655 1,382 1, 166 19.9 17.3 62.8 Baltimore, Md 10,421 10,630 12,820 32,. 541 10, 631 15.7 16.0 68. .3, Birmingham, Ala 941 714 814 1,6.58 1,573 22.8 17.3 59.9 Boston, Mass 43, 852 40. 332 57,037 93,318 6,183 18.7 17.2 64. 1 Bridgeport, Oorm 9,080 6.973 7,628 11,035 1,464 26.2 20.1 53.8 Buffalo, N. Y 17,758 13,859 19,636 50, 266 16, 925 17.5 13.7 68.9 Cambridge, Mass 6,163 5,516 7,969 14,576 384 18.0 16.1 65. 9 Chicago, ill 161,210 130,018 132, 389 310,401 47, 199 22.0 17.7 60.3 Cincimiati, Ohio 9,633 5,885 5, 464 32. 685 3,125 17.9 11.0 71. 1 Cleveland, Ohio 48,081 38,603 31,, 589 71,646 5,784 25.3 20. 3 .54.4 Columbus, Ohio 2,515 1,6,39 1,.541 6, 744 3,846 20.2 13.2 60. 6 Dayton, Ohio 3,744 1,781 1,457 5,783 1,082 29.3 14.0 56.7 Denver, Colo 4,469 4.467 6.388 19, 060 4, .557 13.0 1.3.0 74. 0 Detroit, Mich 38,044 23, 594 24, 144 62, 649 8,134 25.6 15.9 58.5 Fall River, Mass 9, 636 7,711 12,123 20,913 491 19.1 15.3 65. 0 Grand Rapids, Mich.. 3,997 3,143 3, 872 13.. 520 3,803 16.3 12.8 70.9 Indianapolis, Ind 3.428 1,955 2,271 9, 723 2.390 19.7 11.3 69.0 Jersey City, N. J 14, 4.57 11,831 1,3, 625 31,040 6. 744 20.4 16.7 63. 0 Kansas City, Mo 3,089 2,740 3,078 10, 1.30 6.284 16.2 14.4 69.4 Los Angeles, Cal 8,925 9, 110 9, 70S 24, .507 8,334 17.1 17.4 65. 5 Louisville, Ky 1,367 1,123 1,699 11,046 2,201 9.0 7.4 83. 7 Lowell, Ma,ss 9, 8.54 6,070 9, 133 17,406 994 23.2 14.3 62.5 Memphis, Tenn 783 809 818 2, .538 1,519 15.8 16.4 67.8 Milwaukee, Wis 19.528 13, 0.57 14,032 52, 322 11.917 19.6 13. 1 67.3 CITY. Minneapolis, Minn Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Newark, N. J Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr Paterson, N. J Pliiladelphia, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, H. I Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y St. I.ouis, Mo St. Paul, Minn San Francisco, Cal Scranton, Pa Seattle, Wash Spokane, Wa.sh Syracuse, N. Y 'I'oledo, Ohio Wa,shington, D. C Worco.ster, Mass YEAR OF IMMIGRATION. PER CENT.' 1906- Apr. 15, 1910 1901- 1905 1891- 1900 1890 or earlier. Year un- knonm 1906- 1910 1901- 1905 1900 or ear- lier. 11,872 12, 971 12,771 35,812 12,512 16.2 17.7 66.2 281 281 380 1.652 399 10.8 10.8 78.3 8,536 8,382 9,227 14,94:3 1,696 20.8 20.4 58.8 1,909 2, 230 3,596 11,. 5.82 8,369 9.9 11. S 78.6 438, 743 407,865 419, 893 589, 205 71,997 23.6 22.0 54.4 24,306 21,069 21.507 38,215 5, 558 23.1 20.0 56.8 5,426 4,969 6,045 18, 771 1,611 15.4 14.1 70.5 4, 626 3,066 3,425 12,277 3,674 19.8 13.1 67.1 7,992 7,111 9,048 17,953 .3,294 19.0 16.9 64.1 72, 516 67,110 69,094 141,574 32,284 20.7 19.2 60.1 28, 8.51 26, 763 23,333 49, 482 12,007 22.5 20.8 56.7 8, 256 6, 235 6,002 15,285 8, 002 23.1 17.4 59.5 15, 403 13, 397 17,325 27, 321 2,857 21.0 18.2 60.8 587 456 409 1,341 1,202 20.4 15.8 63.8 12,959 8,886 8,993 24,435 3, 720 23.4 16.1 60.5 21,335 16, 274 14, 006 .59, 578 14, 513 19.2 14.6 66.2 7, 4.39 6,663 7,639 28, 093 6,690 14.9 13.4 71.7 18, 742 19, 262 20,812 57, .589 14, 460 16. 1 16.5 67.4 6, .598 5,546 5, 676 14, .542 2, 7,50 20.4 17.1 62. 5 11,166 9, 595 9, 360 17,998 12, 716 23.2 19.9 66.9 3,803 2,861 2,901 7, 184 4,471 22.7 17.1 60.2 6,074 3,678 4,618 11,632 4,779 23.4 14. 1 62.5 4,024 3, 407 4,606 14, 8.57 5,0.83 14.9 12.9 72.2 2, 837 2,494 3, 203 10,2,55 6, .562 1.5. 1 i:i.3 71.6 10, 485 7,864 10,710 18,015 1,41,8 22.3 16.7 61.0 > Percentages based only on the number for whom the year of immigration was reported, (/IIAJ’TIOK 7. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND ILLITERACY. Introduction. — This chapter pitsents in condensed form the ])ruicipal statistics relative to school attend- ance and illiteracy obtained at the Thirteenth Census, taken as of April 15, 1910, with comparative figures for prior censuses. Statistics are presented for the states and principal cities of the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto llico, and other outlying pos- sessions are not mcluded. In the first part of the chapter relatmg to school attendance figures are given for the whole number of persons attendmg school in 1909-10, but compari- sons vdth the population are confined to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. A full discussion is given for the United States as a whole for different classes of the population, classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage, by sex, and by age groups, with further details regarding the population living in urban com- SCHOOL UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE: 1909-10. The statistics of school attendance of the census of 1910 are based upon the answers to a question on the population schedule as to whether the person enu- merated had attended school between September 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. If the person enumerated had attended any kind of school for any length of time duiing the period in question, an affirmative answer was to be entered upon the schedule. Persons attending school, classified by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — The total number of per- sons reported as having attended school between September 1, 1909, and April 15, 1910, was 18,009,891. It is not to be imderstood that all of these persons were in school on April 15, or that they were simultaneously attending school at any tune during the period. They represent the whole number who had any rela- tion as pupils to the schools of the country during this tune, and may, for brevity, be designated as persons attending school in 1909-10. Though the period falls from two to two and a half months short of the entire school year 1909-10, the number of per- sons who enter school m April, May, and June of any school year who have not been at school earlier ui the year is an msignificant part of the whole enrollment. Hence the period covered by the census enumeration can be regarded as practically identical mth the school year. Table 1 shows the distribution of the persons attending school in 1909-10 among the several color or race, nativity, and parentage groups. munities and rural districts. Similar material in more condensed form is given for the geographic divi- sions and states and for the prmcipal cities. Com- parative figures for the censuses of 1910 and 1900 relate to the population from 5 to 20 years of ago. In the second part of the chapter relatmg to illit- eracy figures are presented for the United States as a whole for the population 10 years of age and over, classified by color or race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age, and as resident in urban communities and rural districts. Similar statistics m more condensed form are given for each of the geographic divisions and states and for the prmcipal cities. The chapter also gives a separate discussion of illiteracy in two im- portant classes of the population, namely, children from 10 to 14 years of age and males 21 years of age and over. Table 1 CLASS OF POPULATION. PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. Per cent distribu- tion of total popula- tion. Number. Per cent of total. Total 18,009,891 100,0 100.0 White 16,279,292 90.4 88.9 Native 15.627,786 86.8 74.4 Native parentage 11,110,583 61.7 53.8 Foreign or mixed parentage 4,517,203 25.1 20.5 Foreign bom 651,506 3.6 14.5 Negro 1,670,650 9.3 10.7 Indian 53,458 0.3 0.3 Chinese 3,887 0) 0.1 Japanese 2,512 (‘) 0.1 All other 92 (>) (■) 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the persons attending school, 90.4 per cent were wlutes and 9.3 per cent were negroes, the native wliites constituting 86.8 per cent of the total. The distri- bution of the white persons attending school among the different nativity and parentage groups differs considerably from the corresponding distribution of the population at large. This difference, however, is not primarily attributable to divergent tendencies with regard to school attendance among these elements of the population, but results largel}^ from differences between the nativity and parentage distribution of the adult white population and that of the white popu- lation of the usual school ages. Persons attending school, classified by sex. — Table 2 shows the distribution by sex of the persons in each color or race, nativity, and parentage group attending school in 1909-10. It shows also the number of males (219) 220 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. 1.0 100 females for the entire number attending school, for those in the age group 6 to 20 years, and for the total population in the grouj) 6 to 20 years. Table PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. MALE.S TO 100 FEMALES. CIaASS of population. Among persons attending school. In total popu- lation 6 to 20 years of age. Male. Female. All ages. 6 to 20 years of age. Total 9,037,655 8,972,236 100.7 100. .3 100.7 White 8,220,847 8,058,445 102.0 101.5 101.4 Native 7,882,(507 7,745,179 101.8 101.4 101.0 Native parentage. . . Foreign or mi.xed 5,611,901 5,498,682 102.1 101.6 101.5 parentage 2,270,706 2,246,497 101.1 100.8 99.7 Forei^ bom 338,240 313,266 108.0 105.6 108.1 Negro 783,869 886,781 88.4 88.4 9.5.4 A slight excess of males appears among the per- sons attending school, there being 100.7 males to each 100 females. Tliis excess of males is found m all of the groups given in the table, except in the ciise of the negroes, where the females considerably outnumbered the males. For the persons 6 to 20 years of age attending school the excess of males was somewhat less than among all persons attending school. This excess corres})onded approximately for most of the groups to the excess of males in the total po])ulation 6 to 20 years of age. Persons attending school, classified by age groups. — Table 3 shows the age distribution, by color or race, nativity, and parentage groups, of persons who were reported as attending school. The great majority of persons attending school are between the ages of G and 20 years, inclusive, which correspond precisely to the limits of school age as de- fined by the laws of many states, and approximately to the limits established in most other states. Of the total number of persons attending school in 1909-10, 17,300,204, or 96.1 per cent, were between 6 and 20 yeai-s of age, inclusive, while only 2.2 per cent were under 6 and only 1.7 per cent were over 21. The group 6 to 9 years of age included 31.5 per cent of all persons attending school; the group from 10 to 14 years included 44.6 ])er cent; and the group from 15 to 20 years included 20 per cent. It may be noted that the age periods indicated are not of equal length, the first including four years; the second, five; and the third, six. In this and other tables percentages are given for the age groups 15 to 17 years and 18 to ’20 years, but for economy of space the absolute figures on which percentages are based have been omitted from some of the other tables. The age distribution of the persons attending school does not vary greatly among the principal race, nativity, and parentage groups shoum in Table 3. Among ihe native whites of native parentage the jjercentage who were from 15 to 20 years of age was noticeably larger than among the foreign-born whites or the native whites of foreign or mixed j)arentage. On the other hand, the proportion of the foreign-born whites who were over 20 yearn of age was much higher than the corresponding proportion among the native white classes. Table 3 PERSONS ATTENDrNG .SCHOOL, 1909-10. AGE PEPJOD. Ail classes. White. Negro. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per centof total. Total Under 6 years 6 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 16 to 20 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years 21 years and over 18,009,891 100.0 16,279,292 100.0 15,627,786 100.0 11,110,583 100.0 4,517,203 100.0 651,506 100.0 1,670,650 100.0 396,431 5, 678, .320 8,028,662 3,593.222 2, 748. 386 844,836 313, 256 2.2 31.5 44.6 20.0 15.3 4.7 1.7 366, 800 5, 174,347 7,212,607 3, 237, 762 2, 473,283 764, 479 287, 776 2.3 31.8 44.3 19.9 15.2 4.7 1.8 355,355 4,981,031 6,904,115 3, 1.35, 123 2, 400, 268 734, 855 252, 162 2.3 31.9 44.2 20.1 15.4 4.7 1.6 1 217, 189 3, 477, 957 4,827,471 2, 395, 763 1,809,055 586, 70S 192, 203 2.0 31.3 43.4 21. G 16.3 5.3 1.7 138, 166 1,503,074 2, 076, 644 739, 360 591,213 148, 147 59,959 3. 1 33.3 46.0 16.4 13.1 3.3 1.3 11,445 193,316 ;«)8, 492 102, 639 73,015 29, 624 35, 614 1.8 29.7 47.4 15.8 11.2 4.5 5. 5 28,560 488,954 791,995 338,750 264,00) 74, 745 22, 391 1.7 29.3 47.4 •20.3 15.8 4.5 1.3 Percentage attending school, by age groups. — Some of the most significant information to be derived from statistics of school attendance is obtained by compar- ing the number of jiersons of a given group attending school with the total number of persons in that gixmp, and thus showing the proportion of school attendance. Inasmuch as school attendance is not customary among persons under 6 or over 20 years of age, comparisons of this character arc in general best confined to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. Table 4 shows, by age groups, for the United States as a whole, the proport ion of the entire population who attended school in 1909-10. Persons rcjiorted as attending school constituted 19.6 per cent of the total ])o])ulatiou of the country. For Jiersons under 6 years of age the jirojiortion at- tending school was only 3.1 jier cent, and for jiei’sons of 21 and over only 0.6 jier cent. 'Phe total number of Jiersons between the ages of 6 and 20 years, in- i elusive, in 1910 was 27,750,599, of which number SCHOOI. ATTENDANCE 221 17,300,204, or 62.3 ])or cent, attended school at some lime between September 1, 1009, and April 15, 1010. 'ruble 4 AQE PERIOD, Population: l»10 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. Number. Percent. Total 91,972,266 18,009,891 19.6 12, 666, 762 27, 750, 599 7,725,234 9, 107, 140 10,918,225 5,372,176 5,546,049 51,554,905 396, 431 17,300,204 5, 678, 320 3.1 62.3 73.5 10 to 14 years 15 to 20 years 15 to 17 years 18 to 20 years 21 years and over 8,028,662 3, 593, 222 2, 748, 386 844,836 313,256 88.2 32.9 51.2 15.2 0.6 School attendance is much more common between the ages of 6 and 14 years than during the later ^mars of youth. It is most common between the ages of 8 and 13, inclusive, (compulsory school attendance laws, which in 1910 existed in all but 7 of the states of the Union, seldom require attendance beyond the age of 14, and many children after reaching that age drop out of school. School attendance is never re- quired by law before the age of 7 years and in the ma- jority of states not before 8 years, although a con- siderable proportion of children of 6 and a still larger proportion of those of 7 usually attend school, es- pecially in cities. Hence the proportion of school attendance for the group 10 to 14 years (88.2 percent) was considerably higher than that for the age group 6 to 9 years (73.5 per cent), and very much higher than that for the age group 15 to 20 years (32.9 per cent). Table 5 CLASS OF POPULATION AND SEX. Total number of persons attending school, 1909-10. PERSONS 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 6 TO 9 TEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. OTHERS ATTEND- ING SCHOOL. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Under 6 years of age. 21 years of age and over. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Total Male Female 18,009,891 9,037,655 8,972,236 27,750,599 13,924,694 13,825,905 17.300,204 8,661,846 8,638,358 62.3 62.2 62.5 7.725,234 3,896,287 3,828,947 5,678,320 2,856,580 2, 821, WO 73.5 73.3 73.7 9,107,140 4,601,753 4,505,387 8.028,662 4,036,105 3,992,557 88.2 87.7 88.6 10,918,225 5,426,654 5,491,571 3,593.222 1,769,161 1,824,061 32.9 32.6 33.2 396,431 196,572 199,859 313,256 179,237 134,019 White 16,279,292 24,220,868 15,624,716 64.5 6,703,748 5, 174,347 77.2 7,918,408 7,212,607 91.1 9,598,712 3,237,762 33.7 366,800 287,776 Male 8,220,847 12, 195,148 7,872, 132 64.6 3,388,433 2,611,957 77.1 4,006,104 3,643,988 91.0 4.800,611 1,616,187 33.7 182,602 166, 113 Female 8,058,445 12,025,720 7,752,584 64.5 3,315,315 2,562,390 77.3 3,912,304 3,568,619 91.2 4, 798, 101 1,621,575 33.8 184, 198 121,663 Negro 1,670,650 3,422,157 1,619,699 47.3 990,850 488,954 49.3 1,155,266 791,995 68.6 1,276,041 338, 750 26.5 28,560 22,391 Male 783,869 1,670,979 759,813 45. 5 492,466 237, 162 48.2 578,074 379,486 65.6 600,4.39 143, 165 23.8 13,452 10,604 Female 886,781 1,751,178 859,886 49.1 498,384 251,792 50.5 577, 192 412,509 71.5 675,602 195,585 28.9 15, 108 11,787 Indian 53,458 94,529 . 51,043 54.0 28,907 13,984 48.4 31,393 22,446 71,5 34,229 14,613 42.7 962 1.463 Chinese 3,887 6,978 3,263 46.8 956 604 63.2 1,575 1,221 77.5 4,447 1,438 32.3 64 560 Japanese 2, 512 5,715 1,427 25.0 764 426 55.8 477 375 78.6 4, 474 626 14.0 45 1,040 92 352 56 15.9 9 5 (1) 21 18 (1) 322 33 10.2 36 Native white 15,627,786 22,678,825 15,020,269 66.2 6,452,309 4,981,031 77.2 7,560,078 6,904,115 91.3 8,666,438 3,135,123 36.2 355,355 252, 162 Male 7,882,607 11,393,940 7,561,644 66.4 3,261,604 2,514,191 77.1 3,824,801 3,486,397 91.2 4,307,535 1,561,056 36.2 176,820 144, 143 Female 7,745, 179 11,284,885 7,458,625 66.1 3,190,705 2.466,840 77.3 3,735,277 3,417,718 91.5 4,358,903 1,574,067 36.1 178, 535 108,019 Native parentage 11,110,583 16,007,393 10,701,191 66.9 4,622,327 3,477,957 75.2 5,324,283 4,827,471 90.7 6,060,783 2,395,763 39.5 217,189 192, 203 Male 5,611,901 8,062,850 5,. 393, 744 66.9 2,340,830 1,757,051 75.1 2,700,656 2,439,554 90.3 3,021,364 1,197,139 39.6 107,768 110,389 Female 5,498,682 7,944,543 5,307,447 66.8 2,281,497 1,720,906 75.4 2,623,627 2,387,917 91.0 3,039,419 1,198,624 39.4 109, 421 81,814 Foreign or mixed par 4,517,203 6,671,432 4,319,078 64.7 1,829.982 1,503,074 82.1 2,235,795 2,076,644 92.9 2,605,655 739,360 28.4 138,166 59,959 Male 2,270,706 3,331,090 2,167,900 65.1 920, 774 757,140 82.2 1,124,145 1,046,843 93. 1 1,286,171 363,917 28.3 69,052 33,754 Female 2.246,497 3,340,342 2,151,178 64.4 909, 208 745,934 82.0 1,111,650 1,029,801 92.6 1,319,484 375, 443 28.5 69,114 26,205 F oreign-bom white 651,506 1,542,043 604, 447 39.2 251,439 193,316 76.9 358,330 308, 492 86.1 932,274 102,639 11.0 11,445 35,614 Male 338,240 801,208 310,488 38.8 126,829 97,766 77.1 181.303 157,591 86.9 493,076 55,131 11.2 5,782 21,970 Female 313,266 740,835 293,959 39.7 124,610 95,550 76.7 177,027 150,901 85.2 439. 198 47. 508 10.8 5,663 13,644 * Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. Pfercentage attending school, by color or race, nativity, and parentage. — Table 5 shows the number and percent- age of the population who attended school in 1909-10 by age groups, and by race, nativity, and parentage, and by sex. Table 6 summarizes the percentages. Tabic 6 CLASS OF POPULATION. PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. 6 to 20 years of age. 6 to 9 years of age. 10 to 14 years of age. 15 to 20 years of age. Tolai. 15 to 17 years of age. 18 to 20 years of age. Total . 62.3 73.5 88.2 32.9 51.2 15.2 V.'hite 64.5 77.2 91.1 33.7 52.4 15.7 Native 66.2 77.2 91.3 36.2 54.3 17.3 Native parentage 66.9 75.2 90.7 39.5 58.9 19.6 Foreign or mixed parentage. 64.7 82.1 92.9 28.4 43.8 11.8 Foreign bom 39.2 76.9 86 1 U 0 24 8 4 6 Negro 47.3 49.3 68.6 26.5 41.5 11.7 For the entire grouj) comprismg jiersons from 6 to 20 years of age, the native whites of native parentage showed a higher percentage of pei’sons attending school (66.9) than any other class of the population, though not very much liigher than the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The percentages shown by the foreign-born wliites (39.2) and by the negroes (47.3) were much lower. Marked difl’erences appear in some of the minor age groups. For children from 6 to 9 years of age the highest percentage of school attend- ance was among the native wliites of foreign or mixed parentage ; and even for the foreign-born wliites the per- centage was liigher than for the native wliites of native parentage. These elements of the foreign stock live more largely in urban communities, where the pro- portion of young children attending school is rela- tively liigh, than do the native whites of purely native parentage. For children from 10 to 14 years of age 222 ABSTRACT OF THE CI^^NSUS— POPULATION. also the liigJiest percentage attending school was found among the native wliites of foreign or mixed j)arent- age. On the otlier hand, hi the grouf) from 15 to 20 years of age the jiropoi’tion of scliool attendance was much liigher among native wliites of native pa- rentage than among native wliites of foreign or mixed jiarentage, while for the latter in turn it was very much higher than for the foreign-born whites. The low ])ro])ortion of foreign-born whites from 15 to 20 years of age attending school results in part from the fact that very many children leave school as soon as the law permits, and in jiart from the fact that immi- gration swells the number of persons in this age group, bringing in large numbers who are beyond the age limits of compulsory school attendance, and who for this reason never attend school in the United States. In all of the age groups the percentage of school attend- ance among the negroes was materially lower than among the native whites of native parentage. Percentage attending scliool, by sex. — ^Table 7 shows, by age groups and by classes of jiopulation, for males and females, respectively, the percentage who attended school in 1909-10. Table 7 PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. CLASS OF POPULATION. 6 to 20 years of age. 6 to 9 years of age. 10 to 14 years of age. 15 to 20 years of age. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Total 62.2 62.5 73.3 73.7 87.7 88.6 32.6 33.2 White 64.6 64.5 77.1 77.3 91.0 91.2 33.7 33.8 Native 66.4 66.1 77.1 77.3 91.2 91.0 36.2 36.1 Native parentage 66.9 66.8 75.1 75.4 90.3 91.0 39.6 39.4 Foreign or mixed par. 65.1 64.4 82.2 82.0 93.1 92.6 28.3 28.5 Foreign bom 38.8 39.7 77.1 76.7 86.9 85.2 11.2 10.8 Negro 40 . 5 49. 1 48.2 50.5 65.6 71.5 23.8 28.9 In general there was comparatively little difference between the two sexes in the percentage of school attendance. For the total iiopulation from 6 to 20 years of age the percentage of males atteiidmg school was 62.2 and of females 62.5, but in both of the native wliite groups, which are the largest groups, the projiortion for males was slightly higher than that for females, tliis difference being somewhat more than offset in the total by the higher proportion for females among the foreign-born whites ami among the negroes. The differences in the percentages for males and females in the entire group from 6 to 20 years of age are partly due to differences in the age distribution of the two sexes. Thus, in the case of native whites of native parentage, the jiercentage of school attendance in 1909-10 was slightly lower among the males from 6 to 9 years of age and among those from 10 to 14 than among females in these two age groups; but notwith- standing tins fact the jirojiortion for the whole group of persons of school age — from 6 to 20 years, inclu- sive — was higher for males than for females. Percentage attending school in the urban and rural population. — There are somewhat important differ- ences between urban communities and rural districts with respect to school attendance. Table 8 shows the distribution, by age groujis, of the persons in the urban and in the rural population, respectively, who were reported as having attended school in 1909-10. The Bureau of the Census classifies as urban population that residing in cities and other incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, including New England towns of that population. Table 8 PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. AGE PERIOD. In urban communities. In rural districts. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. Total 7, 480, 020 100.0 10, 529,871 100.0 Under 6 years 212,994 2.8 183,437 1.7 0 to 9 years 2, 442, 305 32.7 3,236,015 30.7 10 to 14 years 3,326,340 44.5 4,702,322 44.7 15 to 20 years 1,330, 324 17.8 2,262,898 21.5 15 to 17 years 1,00.3,041 13.4 1,745,345 16.6 18 to 20 years 327,283 4.4 517, 553 4.9 21 years and over 168,057 2.2 145,199 1.4 In general the persons attending school in cities and villages were younger than those attending school in the rural districts. The differences in this respect are further indicated in Table 9. (For the corresponding absolute numbers see Table 15, pages 229 and 2.30.) Table 9 AGE PERIOD. PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 19(HU10. In urban communities. In rural districts. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 61.6 62.0 61.3 62.9 62.4 63.4 6 to 9 years 81.7 81.7 81.7 68.3 68.1 68.6 10 to 14 years 91.7 91.8 91.6 85.8 85.1 86.5 15 to 20 years 27.1 26.6 27.6 37.6 37.2 38.1 15 to 17 years 43.8 42.4 45.2 56.6 55.4 57.9 18 to 20 years 12.5 12.5 12.5 17.7 18.0 17.3 For the entire group, comjirising persons from 6 to 20 years of age, the proportion attending school in 1909-10 was shghtly higher in rural districts than in urban communities (62.9 per cent as enmpared with 61.6 })er cent). This, however, is due entirely to the fact that for the older children, from 15 to 20 years of age, the percentage attending school in the rural dis- tricts was much the higher. For children from 6 to 9 years of age the jiercentage was much higher, and for those from 10 to 14 considerably higher, in the urban than in the rural population. 'Plie distance of the schools from the homes often precludes the attend- ance of young children in rural districts, while, on the other hand, school attendance for at least a part of the year conflicts less with the industrial actiTty of the older children in rural than in urban communities. For the entire grouj) of persons from 6 to 2(1 years of age, inclusive, the proportion of school attendance was slightly higher among males than among females SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 223 in urban communities, but sliglitly the higher among females in the rural districts. Table 10 shovv’s, for the several color or race, nativ- ity, and pjirentage classes, the j)ro|)ortion of the urban and of the rural population in the ditferent ago groups attending school. Table lO PER CENT OF POPTOATION ATTENDING SCHOOL, 1909-10. Native white. AGE PERIOD. All classes. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Foreign- born white. Negro. u a a cs "cS d 03 a C3 d ce 9 3 S D ii s -g 5 5 « t) ca CO Ph to is « is K 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 61.6 62.9 65.1 67.1 65.9 67.3 64.2 65.8 39.8 36.9 51.7 46.1 6 to 9 years 81.7 68.3 82.9 73.3 81.5 72.5 84.6 77.6 80.5 65.3 66.2 45.5 10 to 14 yeai's 91.7 85.8 92.8 90.3 92.7 89.7 92.9 92.8 88.3 78.9 80.8 65.6 15 to 20 years 27.1 37.6 30.6 40.7 34.5 42.3 25.5 33.7 11.0 11.0 22.6 27.9 15 to 17 years 43.8 56.6 46.5 60.2 52.6 62.1 39.4 51.9 24.2 27.1 39.3 42.1 18 to 20 years 12.5 17.7 14.8 19.4 17.7 20.8 10.9 13.6 4.8 3.9 9.0 12.7 For all persons of school age the proportion of school attendance among native whites both of native parentage and of foreign or mixed parentage was somewhat higher in rural districts than in urban com- munities, but among the foreign-born whites and the negroes the percentage was materially higher in the urban communities. DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909-10. Number and percentage attending school, by age groups. — Table 11, on page 224, shows by divisions and states the number of persons attending school distributed by age groups, together with the total population in the principal age groups. Comparing the geographic divisions, it appears that for the entire group of persons 6 to 20 years of age the proportion attending school was lowest in the South Atlantic division, where 56.7 per cent attended school in 1909-10, and highest in the West North Central division, where 67.9 per cent attended school. In the group from 6 to 9 years of age the variation among the divisions was more marked, the proportion ranging from 56.9 per cent in the West South Central division to 89.3 per cent in the New England division. In each of the four northern divisions more than four- fifths of the children of this age attended school, in each of the threo southern divisions about three-fifths, and in the two western divisions about three-fourths. In the age group showing the maximum school attendance — that comprising children from 10 to 14 years of age — the proportion attending school was, in the three southern divisions, about four-fifths, and in tlie northern and western divisions over nine- tenths, with a maximum of 94.1 per cent in the New England and Pacific divisions. Among persons from 15 to 20 years of age the proportion attending school was lowest (26.2 per cent) in the Mddle Atlantic division. In the New England and East North Central divisions also less than one-third of the persons of these ages were reported as attending school, but in aU other divisions of the country the proportion was more than one-third, the maximum (40.5 per cent) being in the Mountain division. Persons 6 to 20 years of age attending school. — Table 12, page 225, shows the total number of males and of females from 6 to 20 years of age, with the number and percentage attending school, by divisions and states. The United States as a whole and aU but two of the divisions show a slightly larger proportion of girls than of boys attending school. The exceptions are the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions, where the proportion of boys attending school was slightly larger than that of girls. The color or race, nativity, and parentage distribu- tion of the population from 6 to 20 years of age, with the number and percentage reported as attending school in 1909-10, is shown by divisions and states in Table 13, page 227. In every division the proportion of persons attend- ing school was higher among the native whites of native parentage than in any other group, native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, negroes, and foreign-born wliites following in the order named. The variation among the divisions in the proportion of the native wliites of native parentage from 6 to 20 years of age attending school was comparatively slight; the maximum proportion (72.2 per cent) was in the New England division, and the minimum (62.8 per cent) in the South Atlantic division. The maxi- mum proportion for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage (69.3 per cent) was in the New England division, and the minimum (51.8 per cent) in the West South Central division; the next higher per- centage, however, was decidedly above the minimum. The range of variation for the foreign-born wliites and the negroes was also very considerable. Moreover, it may be noted that the divergence between the pro- portion of negroes attending school and that of na- tive whites of native parentage attending school is most marked where the negroes are most numerous — in the three southern divisions. 224 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, BY AGE PERIODS, FOR DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 1 1 Total number of persons attending school. PERSONS 0 TO 20 YEARS ' OF AGE. PERSONS f) TO 9 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. OTHERS ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION AND STATE. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. Under 21 years of age and over. number. Number. Por cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. 6 years of age. ■United States 18,009,891 27, 750, 599 17, 300, 204 62.3 7,725,234 5,678,320 73.5 9, 107, 140 8,028,662 88.2 10,918,225 3,593,222 32.9 396,431 313,256 CiEOGRAPniC DIVISION.S: New England 1,222,228 1, 729, 112 1,143,208 66.1 461,292 411,741 89.3 559, 556 526,430 94.1 708,264 205,097 29.0 57,294 21,666 Middle Atlantic 3,531,373 5,357,256 3,370,818 62.9 1, 439, 430 1, 194, 176 83.0 1,726,080 1,603,348 92.9 2, 191,740 573, 294 26.2 100,028 60,527 East North Central 3,576,003 5,237, 043 3,431,622 65.5 1,400,274 1,173,582 83.5 1,706,759 1,600,841 93.8 2, 124,010 fa7, 199 30.9 80,877 63,504 West North Central 2, .530, 591 3,574,334 2,425,414 67.9 970,434 782,550 80.1 1, 170, 674 1,095,810 93.6 1,427,226 547,054 38.3 55,596 49,581 South Atlantic 2,418,444 4, 139, 759 2,347,451 56.7 1,205,479 730,919 60.6 1,396,058 1,099,070 78.7 1,538,222 517,462 33.6 33,673 37,320 East South Central 1, 730, 191 2, 8.89, 349 1,673,263 57.9 844,021 507,826 60.2 969,343 765,696 79.0 1,075,985 399,741 37.2 30,552 26,376 West South Central 1,795,100 3,057,574 1,747,007 57.1 912,657 518, 840 56.9 1,016,531 817,902 80.5 1,128,380 410,259 36.4 21,281 26,812 Mountain 505,191 741,754 487,947 65.8 215, 799 155, 870 72.2 239, 610 216,222 90.2 286,345 115,855 40.5 7,368 9,876 Pacific 700, 770 1,024,418 673,414 65.7 263, 848 202, 810 76.9 322,523 303,343 94. 1 438,047 167,261 38.2 9,762 17,594 New England: Maine WO, 831 195, 197 132,082 67.7 52, 767 45,023 85.3 04,588 59,651 92.4 77,842 27,408 35.2 6,393 2,356 New Hampshire 77,550 111,634 73, 487 65.8 29,556 25,754 87.1 36,271 34,291 94.5 45,807 13,442 29.3 2,935 1, 128 V^ermont 70,531 94, 701 66, 845 70.6 25, 962 22,951 88.4 31,451 30,391 96.6 37,288 13,503 36.2 2,768 918 Massachusetts 630, 119 881,024 588, 029 66. 7 234,494 213,229 90.9 284,960 269,200 94.5 361,570 105,600 29.2 29,845 12,245 Phodo Island 96,242 148, 102 90,328 61.0 38,262 32, 707 85.5 47,014 43,053 91.6 62,826 14,568 23.2 3,861 2,053 Connecticut 206, 955 298, 454 192,497 64.5 80,251 72,077 89.8 95,272 89,844 94.3 122,931 30,576 24.9 11,492 2,966 MroDLE Atlantic: New York 1,650,863 2,454,428 1,563,374 63.7 637,903 540,228 84.7 785,826 741,542 94.4 1,030,699 281,604 27.3 55, 773 31,716 New Jersey 469,272 708,525 440,903 62.2 191, 940 162,920 84.9 228, 695 209, 840 91.8 287,890 68, 143 23.7 21,433 6,936 Pennsylvania 1,411,238 2, 194,303 1,366,541 62.3 609,587 491,028 80.6 711,565 651,966 91.6 873, 151 223,547 25.6 22,822 21,875 East North Cente.vl: Ohio 898,088 1,313,809 868,578 66.1 347,668 293,403 84.4 425,602 401,235 94.3 540,539 173,940 32.2 14, 133 15,377 Indiana 529, 742 777, 889 513,623 66.0 210,576 172,348 81.8 255,568 238,918 93.5 311,745 102,357 32.8 5,390 10,729 Illinois 1,064,346 1,615,914 1,025,053 63.4 432, 853 354, 775 82.0 520, 955 482,944 92.7 662, 106 187,334 28.3 19,085 20,208 Michigan 568,926 796,887 539, 739 67.7 217,544 184,986 85.0 258,480 246, 721 95.5 320,863 108,032 33.7 19,982 9,205 Wisconsin 514,901 732,544 484, 629 66.2 197,633 168,070 85.0 246, 154 231,023 93.9 288, 757 85,536 29.6 22,287 7,985 West North Central: Minnesota 462,867 648, 775 443, 761 68.4 175,220 141,114 80.5 214,402 205,058 95.6 259, 153 97,589 37.7 9,463 9,643 Iowa 499,272 675,222 469, 778 69.6 182,252 157,887 86.6 222,577 209, 118 94.0 270,393 102, 773 38.0 19,300 10, 194 Missomi. 665,972 993,998 646,866 65.1 268, 612 207, 728 77.3 324, 191 297,116 91.6 401, 195 142,022 35.4 7,640 11,466 North Dakota 121, 649 183,336 117,453 64.1 54,902 38, 745 70.6 59,392 53,478 90.0 69,042 25,230 36.5 1,799 2, .397 South Dakota 126,903 183,979 122,642 66.7 52,889 38, 804 73.4 60,021 55, 194 92.0 71,069 28,644 40.3 1,790 2, 471 Nebraska 275, 829 373, 868 261,219 69.9 101,502 85,782 84.5 121,782 115,547 94.9 150,584 59,890 39.8 9,077 5,5.33 Kansas 378,099 515, 156 363, 695 70.6 141,057 112, 490 79.7 168,309 160,299 95.2 205,790 90,906 44.2 6,527 7,877 South Atlantic: Delaware 36, 330 57, 932 35,304 00.9 15, 181 11,185 73.7 19,308 17,072 88.4 23,443 7,047 30.1 467 559 Maryland 234, 628 388, 486 227, 024 58.4 106,263 78, 196 73.6 129,605 111,049 85.7 152,618 37, 779 24.8 3,565 4,039 District of Columbia 54,688 79, 249 50, 859 64.2 20,070 15, 797 78.7 24,649 22, 978 93.2 34,530 12,084 35.0 1,529 2,300 Virginia 401,696 697, 649 392, 499 56.3 203, 357 109, 873 54.0 237,563 191, 134 80.5 256, 729 91,492 35.6 3,901 5,296 AVest Virginia 207,411 396, 818 259,971 65.5 116,314 85,019 73.1 131,027 119,057 90.9 149, 477 55, S95 37.4 3,544 3,896 North Carolina 495, 196 785,583 481, 450 61.3 232, 597 145,057 62.4 205,964 212,355 79.8 287,022 124,038 43.2 5,691 8,05.5 South Carolina 300, 359 564, 260 291,307 51.6 165, 103 85,509 51.8 192,406 138,397 71.9 206,751 67,341 32.6 4,566 4,486 Georgia 494, 781 925, 865 480,378 51.9 274,519 159,012 57.9 315,217 227, 732 72.2 336, 129 93,634 27.9 7,863 0,540 Florida 133,355 243,917 128, 659 52.7 72,075 41,211 57.2 80,319 59,296 73. S 91,523 28, 152 30.8 2,547 2, 149 East South Central: Kentucky 473, 481 755, 709 461,195 61.0 216,275 143,081 66.2 252, 905 213,527 84.4 286,529 10-1,587 36.5 5, 188 7,098 Tennessee 451, 190 738, 478 438, ,547 59.4 212,375 129, 733 01.1 243,328 198, 741 81.7 282, 775 110,073 38.9 5,409 7,234 Alabama 396, 845 750,357 385,449 51.4 223, 852 109, 901 49. 1 ■ 253,190 181,439 71.7 273,309 94,109 34.4 5,042 6,354 Mississippi 408, 675 644, 805 388,072 60.2 191,519 125,111 65.3 219,914 171,989 78.2 233,372 90,972 39.0 14,913 5, 690 West South Centr.al: Arkansas 333, 795 551,672 324,035 58.7 165, 403 102,017 61.7 179, 879 139,921 77.8 206,390 82,097 39.8 4,324 5, 436 Louisiana 257,027 575,866 248,420 43.1 172,563 79,015 45.8 193, 791 121, 130 62.5 209, 512 48,275 23.0 4,968 3,639 Oklahoma 394, 201 566,323 383, 816 67.8 172,307 121,850 70.7 186,069 169, 667 91.2 207, 947 92,299 44.4 5,249 5, 136 Texas 810, 077 1,363,713 790,730 58.0 402,384 215,904 53.7 456, 792 387, 184 84.8 504,537 187,588 37.2 6, 740 12,601 Mountain: Montana 62, 755 93,771 60,678 64.7 26,978 20,064 74.4 29,686 26, 815 90.3 37, 107 13, 799 37.2 936 1,141 Idaho 68, (K)3 96, 819 66, 779 69.0 28, 4,S2 19,852 69.7 31,902 29,727 93.2 30, 435 17,200 47.2 632 1,192 Wyoming 23, 745 35, 776 23,020 64.3 10,232 7,899 77.2 10,829 9,894 91.4 14, 715 5,227 35.5 297 428 Colorado 1.53,412 215,940 147,626 68.4 00, 167 47, 445 78.9 69,088 65, 123 93.4 86,085 35,0.58 40.7 2, 483 New Mexico r>G,717 105,403 64,342 61.0 32,202 20,416 03.4 34,408 28,119 81.7 38, 793 15,807 40.7 l,.5tl3 812 Arizona 31,, 346 56, 897 30,355 53. 4 17,180 9, 057 56.2 18,091 14,034 77.6 21,626 6,064 30.8 490 ,501 Utah 88,056 121,016 85,006 70.2 30,082 27, 140 75.2 40,070 38,068 95. 0 41, SM 19, 792 'H. 1 771 2,279 Nevada 10,557 10, 132 10,141 02.9 4,470 3,391 75.8 4,936 4,442 90.0 6, 720 2, 308 :i4.3 196 220 Pacific: Washington 201,695 293, 478 195,259 06.5 78, 943 59, 538 75.4 92,802 87,681 94. f) 121,733 48,040 39.5 1,865 4,. 571 Oregon 121,409 175,380 117,078 06.8 45,266 33, 894 74.9 55, 776 52,520 94.2 74,. 344 30,664 41.2 1,109 .3,222 California 377,666 655,554 361,077 65.0 139, 639 109,378 78.3 173,945 163, 142 93.8 241,970 88,557 36.6 6,788 0,H0l SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 225 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF MALES AND FEMALES 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1910. Table 12 MALES. FEMALES. DIVISION AND STATE. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. United States 13,924,694 8,661,846 62.2 13,826,905 8,638,358 62.5 Geographic divisions: New England 803,084 570, 016 66.0 866,028 573,252 66.2 Middle Atlantic 2,000,450 2, 035, 089 1,687, 199 63.3 2, 090, 806 1,683, 619 1,703,243 62.6 East North Central 1,728,379 65.6 2,601,954 65.5 West North Central 1,807,00,3 1,221,692 67.6 1,767,331 1,203,722 68.1 South Atlantic 2,004,592 1,160,663 56.2 2, 075, 107 1, 186, 788 57.2 East South Central 1,446,249 834, 869 57.7 1,443, 100 838,394 58.1 West South Central 1,534,210 875,065 57.0 1,523,30-4 871, 942 57.2 Mountain 380,510 246, 559 64.8 361,244 241,388 66.8 Pacific 527,507 337, 404 64.0 490,911 336,010 67.6 New England: Maine 98, 183 65,875 67.1 97,014 66,207 68.2 New Hampshire 50,291 48,328 36,545 64.9 55,343 36,942 66.8 Vermont 33,449 69.2 46,373 33,396 72.0 Massachusetts 437,007 292,237 66.9 444,017 295,792 66.6 Rhode Island 74,561 46,031 61.7 73,541 44,297 60.2 Connecticut 148, 714 95, 879 64.5 149, 740 96, 618 64.5 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,210,638 779,624 64.4 1,243,790 783, 750 63.0 New Jersey 351,513 221,095 62.9 357,012 219,808 61.6 Pennsylvania 1,104,299 686,480 62.2 1,090,004 680,061 62.4 East North Central: Ohio 660,862 438,348 66.3 652,947 430,230 65.9 Indiana 393,088 258,985 65.9 384, 801 254, 638 66.2 Illinois 808, 263 515, 724 63.8 807, 651 509,329 63.1 Michigan 403,056 271, 277 67.3 393,831 362, 724 268, 462 68.2 Wisconsin 369, 820 244,045 66.0 240, 584 66.3 West North Central: Minnesota 328, 245 223, 610 68.1 320, 530 220, 151 68.7 Iowa 341,499 236,090 69.1 333, 723 233,688 70.0 Missouri 496, 851 324, 743 65.4 497, 147 322, 123 64.8 North Dakota 94,421 59, 876 63.4 88, 915 57, 577 64.8 South Dakota 94,669 62,582 66.1 89, 310 60,060 67.2 Nebraska 189,450 131,839 09.6 184,418 129,380 70.2 Kansas 261,868 182, 952 69.9 253, 288 180, 743 71.4 MALES. FEMALES. DIVISION AND STATE. Total numlier. .\ttending school. Total .\ttending school. Number. Per cent. number. Numlicr. i'er cent. South Atlantic: Delaware 29,541 18,113 61.3 28,391 17, 191 60.6 Maryland 192, 857 113,852 59.0 195, 629 113,172 57.9 District of Columbia 38, 275 24, 734 64.6 40,974 26,125 63.8 Virginia 349, 425 193, 494 55.4 348, 224 199,005 57.1 West Virginia 203, 793 132, 221 64.9 193,025 127, 750 66.2 North Carolina 392, 572 240, 630 61.3 393,011 240,820 61.3 South Carolina 279, 589 141,637 50.7 284,671 149,670 52.6 Georgia 457, 136 233, 135 51.0 468, 729 247, 243 52.7 Florida 121,404 62, 847 51.8 122, 513 65,812 53.7 East South Central: Kentucky 380,316 232, 224 61.1 375,393 228, 971 61.0 Tennessee 371,988 220, 124 59.2 366,490 218, 423 59.6 Alabama 373, 258 191,114 51.2 377,099 194,335 51.5 Mississippi 320,687 191,407 59.7 324,118 196. 665 60.7 West South Central: Arkansas 275, 480 161, 770 58.7 276, 192 162,265 58.8 Louisiana 284, 579 121, 265 42.6 291,287 127, 155 43.7 Oklahoma 288, 108 196, 269 68.1 278,215 187,547 67.4 Te.xas 686,043 395, 761 57.7 677, 670 394,975 58.3 Mountain: Montana 48,839 30,278 62.0 44,932 30,400 67.7 Idaho 50,293 34, 176 68.0 46,526 32,603 70.1 W yoming 19,223 11,575 60.2 16,553 11,445 69.1 Colorado 109,338 73,728 67.4 106,602 73, 898 69.3 New Mexico 53, 481 33,236 62.1 51,922 31,106 59.9 Arizona 29,496 15, 472 52.5 27,401 14,883 54.3 Utah 61,234 42,990 70.2 59,782 42, 016 70.3 Nevada 8,606 5,104 59.3 7,526 5,037 66.9 Pacific: Washington 151,457 97,993 64.7 142, 021 97,266 68.5 Oregon 90,473 59,264 65.5 84,913 57,814 68.1 California 285,577 180,147 63.1 269, 977 180,930 67.0 Children 6 to 14 years of age attending school. — Between the ages of 6 and 20 years there are, as already noted, several years of age when school atten- dance is the exception rather than the rule, and when it is wholly voluntary. For children from 8 to 13 years of age, however, school attendance is in most sec- tions of the country obligatory, and in many sections the age of 7 years is likewise covered by the compulsory school attendance laws. The proportion of school attendance is also high among children 6 years of age, so that for some purposes figures relating to the group comprising children from 6 to 14 years of age, inclusive, are of special value. Such figures are given, by divisions and states, in Table 14, page 228. More than four-fifths (81.4 per cent) of all the chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attended school be- tween September 1, 1909, and April 15, 1910. Of the remainder (18.6 per cent), the greater number con- sisted of 6 and 7 year old children who had not yet begun their schoolmg, and of 14 year old children who had completed their schooling. Considering the different classes of the population, it is clear at a glance that the proportion of the chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attendmg school was greater for the whites than for the negroes. With respect to the whites it may be noted that for chil- 72497°— 13 15 dren in this age group the maximum attendance was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, and the next highest among the native whites of na- tive parentage. The proportion of foreign-born whites attendmg school was in every division the smallest shown by any of the white elements. In four divi- sions, namely, the New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West South Central, the native whites of native parentage had the largest proportion of cluldren from 6 to 14 years of age attending school, while in the remaining five divisions the largest pro- portion was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. For the native whites of native parentage the pro- portion of children from 6 to 14 years of age attending school varied from about three-fourths in the two South Central divisions to over nine-tenths in the New England division. For the native whites of for- eign or mixed parentage the range of variation was somewhat less for eight of the nine divisions. Unusual conditions appear to have prevailed in the West South Central division with respect to the school attendance of white children of native birth and foreign or mixed parentage, since in that division less than two-tliirds of such cluldren were reported as attending school. The figures for the country as a whole show compara- 226 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. lively little difference between the proportion of chil- dren from 6 to 14 years of age attending school among the foreign-horn whites and among the native whites of native parentage, though for each division taken separately Ihe ])crcentage for the foreign-born whites was considerably less. Here again the West South Central division occu])ies an exceptional position, inas- much as it shows less than one-half of the foreign-born white children from 6 to 14 years of age attending school. Except in the Pacific division, where the number of negroes is relatively small, the proportion of negro children attending school was less than that of white children. In the three southern divisions, which con- tain so great a majority of the negroes that they prac- tically determme the average for the United States as a whole, less than three-fifths of the negro children from 6 to 14 years of age were reported as attending school, but the average for the other six divisions was somewhat over five-sixths. Persons attending school in the urban and rural popu- lation. — School attendance figures for the urban and rural population, classified according to age, sex, and color or race, nativity, and parentage, are shown for 1909-10, by divisions, in Table 15, pages 229 and 230. In the country as a whole, and in every division except two (the West South Central and Mountain divisions), the proportion of the whole number of per- sons from 6 to 20 years of age, inclusive, who were reported as attendmg school was greater in rural dis- tricts than in urban communities. In every division the proportion attending school among children from 6 to 9 years of age was larger in the urban popu- lation than in the rural, but in every division the proportion among persons from 15 to 20 years of age was larger in the rural population. For the interven- ing age group — 10 to 14 years — the proportion was the larger in urban communities for the country as a whole, for the three southern divisions, and for the Mountain division, and in rural districts for the four northern divisions and the Pacific division. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 227 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION (J TO 20 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. [Per opnt not sliown where base is less than 100.) Table 13 ALL CLASSES. NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed par. DIVISION AND STATE. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. Total Attending Sfliool. Total Attending school. Total Attending school. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Num- ber. Per cent. number. Num- ber. Per cent. United States 27,750,599 17,300,204 62.3 16,007,393 10,701,191 66.9 6,671,432 4,319,078 64.7 1,542,043 604,447 39.2 3,422,157 1,619,699 47.3 Geographic divisions: New England 1,729,112 1,143,268 66.1 666,431 481,480 72.2 803, 198 556,736 69.3 243,068 94,322 38.8 15, .5.39 10,201 65.6 Middle Atlantic 5,357,256 3,370,818 62.9 2,584,645 1,744,091 67.5 1,989,990 1,297,558 65.2 683,873 271,942 :!9.8 95, 194 64,780 57.5 East North Central 5,237,043 3,4,31,622 65.5 3,132,328 2,178,099 69.5 1,741,668 1,091,526 02.7 283,632 113,445 40.0 72,8.37 44,462 61.0 West North Central 3,574,334 2,425,414 67.9 2,186,578 1,546,055 70.7 1,186,613 783,075 66.0 122, 672 50,080 40.8 64,085 37,229 58.1 South Atlantic 4,139,759 2,347,451 .56.7 2,467,850 1,519,613 62.8 128,778 76,586 59.5 35, 687 12,390 34.7 1,504,019 706,974 47.0 East South Central 2,8S9, 349 1,673,263 57.9 1,883,753 1,191,822 63.3 52,743 31,189 59.1 6,953 2,741 39.4 944,880 447,2:10 47.3 West South Central 3.057,574 1,747,007 57.1 2,048,340 1,291,901 63.1 212,966 110,378 51.8 51, 160 13, 192 25.8 715,597 312, 736 43.7 Mountain 741,754 487,947 65.8 457,096 317,047 69.4 210,861 143, 144 67.9 42,574 16,311 38.3 4,170 2,531 60.7 Pacific 1,024,418 673,414 65.7 580,366 401,083 69.1 344,615 228,886 66.4 72,424 30,024 41.5 5,836 3,556 60.9 New England: Maine 195, 197 132,082 67.7 123,853 87,995 71.0 53,962 36,945 08.5 16,740 6,747 40.3 355 224 63.1 New Hampshire 111,634 73,487 65.8 52,646 37,974 72.1 43,577 30,091 69.1 15,259 5,334 35.0 138 77 55.8 Vermont 94,701 66,845 70.6 63,769 46,513 72.9 23,968 16,990 70.9 6,707 3,207 47.8 251 131 52.2 Massachusetts 881,024 588,029 66.7 278,717 205,518 73.7 459,77.S 323,327 70.3 133,312 53.0S2 39.8 8,797 5,850 60.5 Rhode Island 148, 102 90,328 61.0 42,009 29,235 69.6 76,888 49,988 65.0 26,839 9,623 35.9 2,277 1,424 62.5 Connecticut 298,454 192, 497 64.5 105, 437 74,245 70.4 145,025 99,395 68.5 44,211 16,329 36.9 3,721 2,495 67.1 Middle Atlantic: New York 2.454,428 1,563,374 63.7 963,517 663,316 68.8 1,053,610 709,245 67.3 407,790 174,186 42.7 27, 192 15, 192 55.9 New Jersey 708,525 440,903 62.2 302, 995 204, 166 67.4 294,673 191,544 65.0 88,869 32, 242 36.3 21,832 12, 892 59.1 Pennsylvania East North Central: 2,194,303 1.366,541 62.3 1,318,133 876, 609 66.5 641,707 396,769 61.8 187,214 65,614 35.0 46, 170 26,696 57.8 Ohio 1,313,809 868,578 66.1 938,675 651,607 69.4 284,375 174,842 61.5 62,828 24,837 39.5 27,830 17,233 61.9 Indiana 777,889 513,623 66.0 664,781 448,578 67.5 85,074 50,653 59.5 12,327 4,612 37.4 15,560 9,699 62.3 Illinois 1,615,914 1,025,053 63.4 849, 975 585, 043 •68.8 619,352 379,164 61.2 121,517 46, 138 38.0 24,825 14,572 58.7 Michigan 796,887 539,739 67.7 372,377 268,925 72.2 365, 753 243,380 66.5 52,305 23,404 44.7 3,994 2,561 64.1 Wisconsin 732,544 484,629 66.2 306,520 223, 946 73.1 387,114 243,487 62.9 34,655 14,454 41.7 628 397 63.2 West North Central: Minnesota 648,775 443,761 68.4 208,907 154,844 74.1 398,336 270, 175 67.8 37,049 15,648 42.2 1,189 781 65.7 Iowa 675,222 469.778 69.6 442, 128 321,966 72.8 212,946 139,325 65.4 16,142 5,928 36.7 3,866 2,49.3 64.5 Missouri 993,998 646,866 65.1 798, 833 538,506 67.4 135,263 78,296 57.9 18,083 7,189 39.8 41,682 22,794 54.7 North Dakota 183,336 117,453 64.1 53, 101 36,715 69.1 106,573 70,332 60.0 21,194 8,906 42.0 103 60 58.3 South Dakota 183,979 122,642 66.7 82,253 57, 773 70.2 87,273 58,049 66.5 8,312 3,314 39.9 184 122 66.3 Nebraska 373,868 261,219 69.9 212,985 1.55, 658 73.1 146,432 98,957 67.6 11,571 4,884 42.2 1,512 930 61.5 Kansas South Atlantic: 615,156 363, 695 70.6 388,371 280,593 72.2 99,790 67,941 68.1 10,321 4,211 40.8 15,549 10,017 64.6 Delaware 57,932 3.5,304 60.9 37,422 23, 789 63.6 8,478 5, 103 60.2 1,949 592 30.4 10,078 .5,815 57.7 Maryland 388,486 227,024 .58.4 245,675 152,360 62.0 57,627 31,698 55.0 11,907 4,518 37.9 73,230 38,417 52.5 District of Columbia 79,249 50,859 64.2 43,082 28,724 66.7 10,465 7,079 67.6 2,047 1,018 49.7 23,593 14,000 59.3 Virginia 697,649 392,499 56.3 440, 168 269,380 61.2 11,842 7,464 63.0 3,013 1,247 41.4 242,413 114,346 47.2 West Virginia 396,818 259,971 65.5 3.55,322 238,897 67.2 14.401 9,093 63.1 8,587 2,158 25.1 18,481 9,806 53.1 North Carolina 785,583 481,450 61.3 515,117 334,471 64.9 2,871 2,017 70.3 715 284 39.7 264,025 14.3,039 54.2 South Carolina 564,260 291,307 51.6 229,204 137, 474 60.0 2,943 1,834 62.3 555 205 36.9 331,429 151,726 45.8 Georgia 925,865 480,378 51.9 477,530 289,880 00.7 7,209 4,627 04.2 1,596 664 41.6 4:39,485 185, 191 42.1 Florida 243,917 128.659 52.7 124,330 74,638 60.0 12,942 7,671 59.3 5,318 1,704 32.0 101,285 44,634 44.1 East South Central: Kentucky 755,709 461,195 61.0 644,497 401,209 62.3 27,178 15, 148 55.7 1,953 756 38.7 81,976 44,060 53.7 Tennessee 738,478 438,547 59.4 563,158 354,091 62.9 10, 099 6, 466 64.0 1,740 802 46.1 16:1,397 77,153 47.2 Alabama 750,357 385,449 51.4 410,331 244,992 59.7 10,434 6,309 60.5 2,073 844 40.7 327, 170 133, 191 40.7 Mississippi West South Central: 644,805 388,072 60.2 265,767 191,530 72.1 5,032 3,266 64.9 1,187 339 28.6 372,331 192,826 51.3 A rkansas 551,672 .324,035 58.7 379,084 238,872 63.0 11,541 7,100 01.5 1,440 491 34.1 159,4.31 77,467 48.6 Louisiana 575,866 248,420 43.1 287, 134 158, 758 55.3 28, 118 14,516 51.6 5,649 1,591 28.2 254,580 73,478 2S.9 Oklahoma 566,323 383,810 67.8 4.54, 481 311,274 68.5 31,134 21,486 69.0 3,368 1,443 42.8 48,718 31,083 63.8 Texas 1,363,713 790, 736 58.0 927, 647 582,997 62.8 142, 173 67, 276 47.3 40,703 9,667 23.7 252, 868 1.30,708 51.7 Mountain: 1 Montana 93,771 60,678 64.7 44,453 30,075 67.7 38,017 26,305 69.2 7,382 2,5.34 34.3 300 184 61.3 Idaho 96,819 66,779 69.0 67,046 47,213 70.4 25,635 18,066 70.5 2,998 1,040 34.7 89 50 Wyoming 35,776 23,020 64.3 22,297 14,991 67.2 10, 148 6,792 66.9 2,481 792 31.9 286 142 49.7 Colorado 215,940 147,626 68.4 138, 619 97,182 70.1 62,053 42,895 69.1 12,070 5,547 46.0 2,468 1,548 62.7 New Mexico 105,403 64,342 61. Oj 85,375 55, 644 65.2 8,903 5,525 62.1 3,426 1.118 32.6 363 214 59.0 Arizona 56, 897 30,356 53.4 23,167 15, 468 66.8 14,712 8,436 57.3 7,658 2,704 35.3 416 251 60.3 Utah 121,016 85,006 70.2 67,931 50,668 74.6 46,504 31,771 68.3 5,279 2,321 44.0 196 112 57.1 Nevada 16, 132 10, 141 62.9 8,208 5,806 70.7 4,889 3,354 68.6 1,280 255 19.9 52 30 Pacific: Washington 293,478 195,259 66.5 165, 137 114,415 69.3 102, 201 69,148 67.7 20,605 9,062 44.0 906 515 56. S Oregon 175,386 117,078 66.8' 118,379 81,625 69.0 45,947 30,583 66.6 8,414 3,147 37.4 198 105 53.0 California 555,554 361,077 65.0 296,850 205,043 69.1 196,467 129, 155 65.7 43,405 17,815 41.0 4,732 2,936 62.0 228 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION SOIIOOr, ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN 0 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 19J0. [Per cent not shown where base is less than loo.] Table 11 DIVISION AND STATK. ALL CLASSES. United States OEOGIlArillC DIVI.SIONS; New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific NE^7 England: Maine New Hampsliire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Centr.ll: Mumesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain; Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California NATIVE WHITE. Native parentage. Foreign or ml.xed par. Total number. Attending school. 'J'otal luiinber. Attending school. Total number. Attending .school. Total number. Attending school. Total number Attending school. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 16,832,374 13,706,982 81.4 9,946,610 8,305,428 83.5 4,065,777 3,579,718 88.0 609,769 501,808 82.3 2,146,116 1,280,949 69.7 1,020,848 938, 171 91.9 403,222 373,507 92.6 519,533 478,982 92.2 88,455 76,948 87.0 9,206 8,364 90.9 3,1<)5,516 2,797,524 88.4 1,578,462 1,404,049 88.9 1,266,615 1,120,437 88.5 264,651 225, 873 85.3 54, 161 45,867 84.7 3,113,033 2,774,423 80.1 1,930,669 1,727.919 89.5 1,020,472 909,619 89, 1 110,344 98,096 84.3 41,344 35,566 86.0 2, 147, 108 1,878,360 87.5 1,360, 189 1,192,904 87.7 691,393 610,439 88.3 50,379 40,212 79.8 36,222 28,774 79.4 2,001,537 1.829,989 70.3 1,551,023 1,188,906 76.7 78,516 63, 769 81.2 14,581 10, 474 71.8 955,261 565,475 59.2 1,813,364 1,273,522 70.2 1,187, 774 899,526 75.7 29,219 24,543 84.0 3,107 2,188 70.4 592,615 347,050 58.6 1,929, 188 1,336,748 69.3 1,300,466 979,378 75.3 132,312 87,600 66.2 25,272 10, 681 42.3 451,767 245, 121 54.3 455,409 372,092 81.7 289,596 240, 737 83.1 128,490 109, 796 85.5 18,023 13,344 74.0 2,379 1,982 83.3 586,371 506, 153 86.3 345,209 298,502 86.5 199,227 174,533 87.6 28,957 23,992 82.9 3,161 2,750 87.0 117,355 104,674 89.2 74,927 67,677 90.3 35,202 31, 124 88.4 6,885 5,578 81.0 183 166 90.7 65,827 60,045 91.2 31,840 29,343 92.2 28,574 26,075 91.3 5,332 4,558 85.5 74 62 57, 41,3 53,342 92.9 39, 305 36,576 93. 1 15,048 14,036 93.3 2,926 2,*613 89.3 129 113 87.0 519,454 482,429 92.9 168, 704 158,385 93.9 ■ 297,757 277, 139 9.3.1 47,596 41,941 88.1 5,223 4,806 92.0 85,276 75, 760 88.8 24,851 22, 652 91.2 48,908 43,543 89.0 10, 136 8,356 82.4 1,323 1,160 87.7 175,523 101,921 92.3 63, 595 58, 874 92.6 94,044 87,065 92.6 15,580 13,902 89.2 2,274 2,057 90.5 1,423,729 1,281,770 90.0 582,370 523,579 89.9 666,592 604,208 90.6 158,927 140,297 88.3 14,456 12,596 87.1 420,635 372, 760 88.6 185,727 166,369 89.6 188,865 167,586 88.7 33,387 27,972 83.8 12,600 10,796 85. 7 1.321, 152 1,142,994 86.5 810.365 714,101 88.1 411,158 348,643 84.8 72,337 57,604 79.6 27,105 22,475 82.9 773,270 694,638 89.8 568,219 513,328 90.3 163,451 145,851 89.2 25,799 21,679 84.0 15,755 13,742 87.2 466, 144 411,266 88.2 404, 722 357,792 88.4 47,480 41,596 87.6 4,932 3,977 80.6 8,931 7,832 87.7 953,808 837,719 87.8 525, 750 463,609 88.2 365,683 321,953 88.0 48,275 40,448 83.8 14,020 11,636 83.0 476,024 431,707 90.7 232, 193 211,882 91.3 217,606 197,182 90.6 22,400 19,433 86.8 2,297 2,053 89.4 443,787 399,093 89.9 199, 785 181,308 90.8 226,252 203,037 89.7 14,938 12,559 84.1 341 303 88.9 389,622 340, 172 88.8 135,742 120,518 88.8 236,744 211,063 89.2 14.344 12,340 86.0 649 584 90.0 404,829 367,005 90.7 276,283 250,825 90.8 120,286 109,250 90.8 5,930 4.864 82.0 2,268 2,026 89.3 592, 803 504, 844 85.2 489, 274 418, 100 85.5 72,288 62,654 86.7 7,697 6,214 80.7 23,465 17, 811 75.9 114,294 92, 223 80.7 34,807 28, 790 82.7 68,053 55,493 81.5 9,823 6,878 70.0 56 43 112,910 93,998 83.3 52, 792 44,419 84.1 52,771 44,653 84.6 3,443 2.509 72.9 110 95 86.4 223, 284 201,329 90.2 132,454 119,323 90.1 84,554 76,807 90.8 4,668 3,974 85.1 819 720 87.9 309,366 272,789 88.2 238, 837 210,929 88.3 56,697 50,519 89. 1 4,474 3,433 76.7 8,855 7,495 84.6 34,489 28,257 81.9 22, 425 18,704 83.4 5,188 4,329 83.4 701 532 75.9 6, 172 4,689 76.0 235,868 189,245 80.2 150, 708 125,551 83.3 34,699 27,774 80.0 5,210 3,936 75.5 45,233 31,968 70.7 44,719 38,775 86.7 24, 796 21,767 87.8 6,080 5,392 88.7 905 782 86.4 12,910 10,807 83.7 410,920 301,007 68.3 278,208 203, 703 73.2 7,355 5,882 80.0 1.410 1,006 71.3 153, 827 90,367 58.7 247,341 204,076 82.5 224,980 186, 709 83.0 9,105 7,552 82.9 2,841 1,878 66.1 10,404 7,927 76.2 498, 561 357,412 71.7 325,555 246,294 75.7 1,802 1,514 84.0 330 214 64.8 169,034 108,200 64.0 357,509 223,966 62.6 143,332 103,355 72.1 1,741 1,418 81.4 227 164 72.2 212, 125 118,981 56.1 589,736 386,744 65.6 302,698 226,356 74.8 4,264 3,604 84.5 675 513 76.0 282,070 156,258 55.4 152,394 100,507 66.0 78,321 56,467 72.1 8,282 6,304 76. 1 2.282 1,449 63.5 63,486 36,278 57.1 469, 180 356,608 76.0 406, 263 309,958 76.3 14,091 12, 269 87. 1 720 603 83.8 48,039 33,701 70.3 455, 703 328,474 72.1 351,218 264,147 75.2 5,723 4,787 83.6 7,82 617 78.9 97,927 58,895 60.1 477,048 291,340 61.1 m, 867 182, 725 70.0 6,418 5,012 78.1 998 701 70.2 208,548 102,813 49.3 411,433 297, 100 72.2 169.426 142,696 84.2 2,987 2,475 82.9 607 267 44.0 238, 101 151,581 63.7 345,282 241,938 70. 1 238,328 178,097 74.7 6,778 5.503 81.2 681 382 55.8 99,383 57,872 58.2 366,354 200, 145 54. 6 184,303 126, 106 08.4 17,265 12,028 69.7 2,563 1, 299 50.7 161,969 CO, 054 37.4 358,376 291,517 81.3 288, 254 2:16,826 82.2 18,983 16,227 S5. 5 1,478 1,120 75.8 30,818 23,581 70.5 859, 176 603, 148 70.2 5.89, 581 438,349 74.3 89,286 53,842 60.3 20. 547 7,880 38.4 1,59, 597 103,014 01.5 5{), 664 46,879 82.7 27,619 23,055 83.5 23, 923 20.581 86.0 2, 627 1,998 76. 1' 166 138 83.1 60,384 19, 579 82. 1 43, 191 35, 427 82.0 15,499 13,039 84.1 1,047 798 76.2 45 33 21,001 17,793 84.5 13,560 11,. 507 84.9 6, 143 5,278 85.9 881 673 76.4 137 110 84.7 129,855 112,568 86.7 84,634 73,083 86.4 37, 779 33, 407 88.4 5,619 4,591 81.7 1.429 1,220 85.4 60, 010 48,535 72,9 .54, 368 41,812 76.9 5,682 4,269 75.1 1,593 901 56.6 210 155 73.8 35, 271 23,691 67.2 14,857 11,952 80.4 9, 497 6,845 72.1 3, 762 2,318 61.6 254 207 81.5 76. 152 65,214 85.6 46, 130 39,387 85.4 27,040 23,777 87. 9 2, 245 1,874 .S3. 5 106 81.1 9.412 7,833 83.2 5,228 4,514 86.3 2,927 2,600 88.8 249 191 76.7 32 27 171,745 117,219 85.7 99,528 85,4.58 85.9 60, 539 52, 694 86.9 8,074 7.278 83.9 480 390 81.3 101,042 80,414 85.5 70, 505 60,059 85.1 26,074 22, 755 87.3 2,981 2,469 82.7 102 79 77.5 313,. 584 272,520 86.9 175.116 1,52.985 87.4 112,614 99, 184 88.1 17,299 11, 2?6 .82. 3 2,579 2.281 88.4 foreign-born white. SCHOOI. ATTENDANCJ^:. 229 SCIIOOI; ATTENDANCE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, BY AOE PERIODS, FOR DIVISIONS; iOlO. Table 1 .> Total number of per- son.s attending school. PERSONS 0 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. PRR.SONS 6 TO 9 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE. OTHERS ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF POPULATION. Total. Attending school. Total. Attending school. Total. Attending school. Total. .Mlonding school. Under 6 yeans of age. 21 years of age number. Number. Ter cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. and over. UNITED STATES Urban, total 7,480,020 11,620,193 7,098,969 61.6 2,989,407 2,442,305 81.7 3,627,408 3,326,340 91.7 4,903,378 1,330,324 27.1 212,994 168,057 Male 3,700,074 5,041,200 3,490,049 62.0 1,496,269 1,222,433 81.7 1,798,218 1,649,907 91.8 2,346,779 623, 709 26.6 106,546 97, 479 Female 3,779,940 5,878,927 3,602,920 61.3 1, 493, 138 1,219,872 81.7 1,829, 190 1,676,433 91.6 2, 556, .599 706,615 27.6 106, 448 70, 578 Native white 6,563,508 9,582,009 6,239, 188 65.1 2,612,357 2, 165,324 82.9 3,123,0.57 2, 898, 239 92.8 3,847,195 1, 175, 625 :io.6 194,772 129, 608 Native parentage 3,640,549 5,255,418 3,401,718 65.9 1,421,924 1,158,399 81.5 1, 684, 769 1,561,360 92.7 2, 148, 725 741,9.59 34.5 89, 483 89,348 Foreign or mixed parentage. 2,925,019 4,327, 191 2, 777, 470 64.2 1,190,433 1,006,925 84.6 1,438,288 1,. 336, 879 92.9 1,698,470 433,666 25.5 105, 289 40,260 Foreign-born wnite 517,630 1,201,408 722, 064 478,666 39.8 192,117 154, 575 80.5 275, 768 243, 378 88.3 733,583 80, 713 11.0 10, 057 28,913 Negro 389, 795 373,891 51.7 182, 742 120,910 66.2 225,423 182,054 80.8 314, 499 70, 927 22.6 8, 022 7,882 Rural, total 10,529,871 16,230,406 10,201,235 62.9 4,735,827 3,236,015 68.3 5,479,732 4,702,322 86.8 6,014,847 2,262,898 37.6 183,437 145, 199 Male 5,337,581 8,283,428 5, 105, 797 62. 4 2,400,018 1,634,147 68. 1 2,803,5.35 2,386, 198 8.5.1 3,079,875 1,14.5,452 37.2 90, 026 81,758 0, 192, 290 7,940,978 13,090,216 5,035,438 8,781,081 63. 4 2, 335, 809 3,839,952 1,601,868 2, 815, 707 68. 6 2,670, 197 4.437,021 2,316,124 4,005,876 86.5 2,934,972 4, 819, 243 1,117,446 1,959,498 38. 1 93,411 160, 583 63,441 122,5.54 Native white 9; 004, 218 67.1 73.3 90.3 40. 7 Native parentage 7, 470, 034 10,751,975 7, 239, 473 67.3 3, 200, 403 2,319,558 72.5 3,639,514 3,266,111 89.7 3, 912, 058 1,653,804 42.3 127, 706 102,855 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1,594,184 2,344,241 1,541,608 65.8 639, 549 496, 149 77.6 797,507 739, 765 92.8 907, 185 30.5, 694 33.7 32, 877 19, 699 Foreign-born white 133, 870 340.575 125, 781 36.9 59, 322 38, 741 6.5.3 82, 562 65, 114 78.9 198, 691 21,926 11.0 1,388 6, 701 Negro 1,280,855 2, 699, 493 1.245,808 46. 1 808, 108 368, 044 45. 5 929. 843 609,941 65.6 961,. 542 267, 823 27.9 20, 538 14, .509 NEW ENGLAND. Urban, total 1,016,137 1,448,039 947,681 65.4 383,387 344,472 89.8 464,354 436,407 94.0 600,298 166, 802 27.8 49,656 18,800 Male 507, 107 717,800 471,389 65. 7 192, 762 173, 405 90.0 231.526 217,999 94.2 293,578 79, 985 27.2 24, 802 10,916 Female 509, 030 730, 173 476,292 65.2 190, 625 171,067 89.7 232, 828 218, 408 93.8 304 699, 989 57. 1 373,741 208, 144 55.7 408,526 327, 081 80. 1 443,997 37. 1 8,420 Native white 1,171,758 1,8.39,094 1, 143, 698 62.2 564,512 341,243 60.4 615,930 526,461 85. 5 658,652 276,004 41.9 12, 776 15,284 Native parentage 1,097,145 1.692,987 1,070,490 63.2 521,658 321, 150 61.6 565, 733 488,497 86.3 605,596 260,843 4.3. 1 12, 135 14,520 Foreign or mixed parentage . 74,613 146, 107 73. 208 50. 1 42,854 20,093 46.9 50, 197 37,954 75.6 53,0.56 15, 161 28.6 641 764 Foreign-born white 7, 187 33, 198 6,808 20.5 6,721 1,674 24.9 9,895 3,788 38.3 16,582 1,346 8. 1 43 .336 Negro 255,914 586. 281 249,226 42. 5 177,558 70,527 39.7 199,983 123,077 61.5 208,740 55,022 26.0 3,357 3,361 MOUNTAIN. Urban, total 173,546 246,337 165,789 67.3 66,329 52, 289 78.8 78, 053 72,996 93.5 1 101,955 40, 524 39.7 2,995 4,762 Male 85, 156 120, 988 «0,982 66. 9 33, 208 26, 170 78.8 38, 749 36,277 9;i.6 49,031 18,5.35 37.8 1,503 2,671 Female 88,390 125,349 84, 807 67.7 ! 33,121 26,099 78.8 39, 304 36,719 93.4 1 52, 924 21.989 41.5 1,492 2,091 Native white 164,025 226. 849 156,9:13 69. 2 62,471 49, 474 79.2 72. 999 68,622 94.0 91.379 38,837 42.5 2,850 4,242 Native parentage 102,077 i:i9, 171 97. 509 70. 1 1 39, 554 31.075 78.6 44,343 41,621 93.9 ! 55,274 24,813 44.9 1,662 2,906 Foreign or mixed parentage. 61,948 87, 678 59. 424 67.8 22.917 18, 399 80.3 28,656 27.001 94.2 36, 105 14,024 38.8 1,188 1,336 Foreign-bom white 7,316 15,718 6, 775 •t3. 1 2. 936 2, 131 72.6 3,975 3,430 86.3 8, 807 1,214 13.8 99 442 Negro 1,890 2.966 1 . 820 61. 4 782 601 76.9 910 839 92. 2 1,274 380 29.8 42 28 Rural, total 331,645 495,417 322, 158 65.0 ; 149, 470 103,601 69.3 161,557 143,226 88.7 184,390 75,331 40.9 4,373 5,114 Male 170, 852 259, 522 165,577 63.8 75.813 52, 524 69.3 83, 453 73,933 88.6 100,256 I JO 39.0 2, 172 3, 103 Female 160, 793 235. 895 156, 581 66.4 73. 657 51.077 69.3 78. 104 69, 293 88.7 84. 134 36,211 43. 0 2,201 2,011 Native white 311,703 441. 108 303. 258 68. 7 135, 950 98, 134 72.2 146, 666 134,303 91.6 158, 192 70,821 44.7 4.(X)4 4,. 381 Native parentage 225,675 317, 925 219, 538 69. 1 100. 193 71,854 71.7 105. .506 96, 187 91. 2 112,226 51.497 45.9 3,075 3,062 Foreign or mixed parentage. 86,028 123, 183 83, 720 68.0 35,757 26,280 73.5 41. 160 38, 116 92. 6 46,266 19, 324 41.8 989 1,319 Foreign-bom white 10,055 26,856 9.5.36 35. 5 o, 035 3, o:i9 60.4 6,077 4,744 78. 1 15.744 1.7,53 11. 1 98 421 Negro 729 1,204 Til .59. 1 311 215 69. 1 376 327 87. 0 517 169 32.7 9 9 PACIFIC. Urban, total 364, 207 534,617 345,578 64.6 129, 100 103, 179 79.9 162, 303 152,481 93.9 243,214 89,918 37.0 6,305 12,324 ■Male ■ ISO, 632 267,033 170, 207 63. 7 6-1, 813 51,9(W 80.1 80, 729 75, 769 93. 9 121,491 42, .529 35.0 3. 1.32 7,293 Female 183, 575 335, 743 267, 584 479.241 175,371 320, 060 (>1, 287 119,2,50 51,270 79.8 81.574 76.712 94. 0 121,723 47, 389 ,38. 9 3, 173 5,031 Native white 66. 8 95, 666 80.2 149,099 140. 728 94. 4 210. 892 83,66() 80. 7 5,90-1 9,779 Native parentage 202, 202 281,714 191.864 68. 1 72, 062 67,351 79.6 8', .504 82, 548 94.3 122, 148 5 1 , 9f)5 42.5 3, 590 6,838 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1.33,451 197, 527 128, 196 01.9 47, 188 38,315 81.2 6i,.595 58, 180 94. 5 88. 744 31,701 :15. 7 2,314 2,941 Foreign-born white 20, 715 43,008 18, 997 4-1.2 7. 689 6,9.57 77.5 10, 200 9, 1.50 89.7 25. 119 3, 890 1,5. 5 245 1,473 Negro 3,030 4,782 2,929 61.3 1, 115 907 81.3 1,455 1.368 94. 0 2,212 t>54 29.6 75 32 Rural, total 336,563 489,801 327,336 66.9 134,748 99,631 73.9 160, 220 150,862 94.2 194,833 77, 343 39.7 3,457 5,270 Malo 171.916 260, 474 167, 197 6-1. 2 68.781 50, 938 74. 1 82, 478 77,444 9:L 9 109. 215 ,38,815 35. 5 1,720 2,999 Female 164,647 229, .327 160, 6.39 70.0 65, 967 48, 693 73.8 77, 742 73, 418 94.4 85.618 38,528 45. 0 1,737 2,271 Nativ'O white 317.713 445, 710 309, 909 i>9. 5 126, 282 94,373 71.7 149, 805 142, 268 95. 0 169,053 73, 268 4:i.2 .3,268 4,536 Native parentage 214,778 298, 652 209,219 70. 1 85,883 63. 937 74.4 9i), 760 94,666 94. 9 113,009 50,016 44.8 2,227 3,332 Foreign or mixed parentage. 102, 935 147, 088 100, 690 68. 5 40,399 30, 4.36 75. 3 SO, (M.5 47, 602 95. 1 56, 644 22, 652 40. 0 1,011 1,204 Foreign-born white 11.576 29,416 11.027 .37. 5 4, 7(K> 3, 323 70. 6 6, 359 5 , 562 87.5 18. 348 2, 142 II. 7 70 479 Negro 640 1,051 627 59. 5 251 175 69.7 340 3(M) 88.2 ■163 152 32. 8 5 8 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 231 PRINCIPAL CITIES; 1909-10. Statistics of school attendance in cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910 are given in Ta- bles 16 and 17. Table 16 relates to the population 6 to 20 years of ago and gives details by color or race, na- tivity, and parentage. A similar statement for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants is given in Table 18, pages 233 to 235. By reason of the peculiar interest which attaches to the population from 6 to 14 years of age — the ages of customary school attend- ance — statistics for this group are presented for the larger cities in Table 17, page 232. In the larger cities the ])roportion of persons from 6 to 20 years of age attending school in 1909-10 ranged from 51 per. cent in Richmond to 69.8 ])er cent in Cambridge. High percentages of school attendance (65 or over) are shown for Boston, Cam- bridge, Denver, Los Angeles, New Haven, Oakland, and Worcester, and comparatively low percentages (under 55) for Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Memphis, New Orleans, and Richmond. The fact that cities with a small percentage of school attend- ance are found almost entirely in the South is largely, but not wholly, explained In’" the large negro popula- tion in southern cities. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE; 1910. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 16 CITY. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentage. WniTE. Foreign or niLxed parentage. FOREIGN-BOP.N WHITE. NEGRO. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Albany, N. Y 23,794 14,816 62.3 13,553 8,948 60.0 8,498 5, 115 60.2 1,521 625 41.1 220 128 58.2 Atlanta, Ga 42,981 23,337 54.3 25,788 14,849 57.6 1,977 1,206 64.0 583 258 44.3 14,630 6,963 47.6 Baltimore, Md 153,589 79,933 52.0 81,680 43,924 53.8 41,411 21,976 53.1 9,763 3,737 38.3 20,715 10,284 49.6 Birmingham, Ala 36,939 20,135 54.5 19,150 11,065 57.8 3,056 1,798 58.8 707 294 41.6 14,025 6,978 49.8 Boston, Mass 169,116 115,210 68.1 40,446 29,633 73.3 97,928 70,729 72.2 28, 195 13,160 46.7 2,455 1,650 67.2 Bridgeport, Conn 26,938 16,262 60.4 7,355 4,958 67.4 14,118 9,449 66.9 5,200 1,688 32.5 264 167 63.3 Buffalo, N. Y 120,366 73,412 61.0 40,594 27,057 60.7 * 67,528 41,247 61.1 11,928 4,911 41.2 302 191 63.2 Cambridge, Mass 27,426 19,152 69.8 6,654 5,035 75.7 15,950 11,646 73.0 3,590 1,583 44.1 1,227 886 72.2 Chicago, 111 594,012 349,037 58.8 129,847 87,524 67.4 368,343 99:4 179 60.9 88,414 33,005 37.3 7,226 4,243 58.7 Cincinnati, Ohio 93,618 55,474 59.3 55,031 34,597 62.9 30, 104 16,730 55.6 4,528 1,884 41.6 3,952 2,261 57.2 Cleveland, Ohio 150,887 92,094 61.0 39,081 27,520 70.4 84,619 52,944 62.6 25,570 10,656 41.7 1,591 962 60. 5 Columbus, Ohio 44,354 27,631 62.3 31,770 20,564 64.7 8,474 4,976 58.7 1,380 578 41.9 2,717 1,506 55.4 Dayton, Ohio 28,726 17,624 61.4 20,290 12,976 04.0 6,003 3,547 59.1 1,408 521 37.0 1,022 580 56.8 Denver, Colo 51,958 34,537 60. 5 27,775 19,012 68.5 19,962 13,294 66.6 3,116 1,549 49.7 1,044 645 61.8 Detroit, Mich 122,979 69,808 56.8 33,365 21,848 65.5 69,899 40, 152 57.4 18,577 7,152 38.5 1,121 647 57.7 Fall River, MOvSs 36,235 22,819 63.0 5,124 3,883 75.8 22,802 15,351 67.3 8,236 3,543 43.0 64 40 Grand Rapids, Mich 30;i38 19,141 a3.5 10,975 7,422 67.2 10,262 10,387 63.9 2,780 1,262 45.4 119 58.0 Indianapolis, Ind 56,997 35,014 61.4 40, 738 25,083 63.0 9,915 5,859 59.1 1,437 498 ■ 34.7 4,902 2,970 60.0 Jersey City. N. J 78,300 47, 198 60.3 27, 760 18,128 65.3 40,657 25,306 02.2 8,594 2,952 34.3 1,282 811 63.3 Kansas City, Mo 57,467 34,220 .59.5 38,0-53 23,257 61.1 12,500 7,544 60.4 2,345 1,043 44.5 4,548 2,370 52.1 Los Angeles, Cal 69,036 44,995 ai.2 38,826 26,211 67.5 21,514 14,359 48.9 6,287 3,073 66.7 1,738 1,100 63.3 Louisville, Kv 60,690 35,762 58.9 38,593 23,531 61.0 11,720 6, 552 55.9 1,000 383 38.3 9,374 5,296 56. 5 28, 570 17,603 5,287 3,908 73.9 17,196 11,634 67.7 6,055 2,047 33.8 29 13 Memphis, Term 32; 462 17; 169 52.9 16,161 9; 744 60.3 2,952 1,798 61.0 '722 278 38.5 12, 617 5,343 42.3 Milwaukee, Wis 109,078 63,228 58.0 30,854 21,076 68.3 67,352 37,904 56.3 10,723 4,167 38.9 145 79 54.5 Minneapolis, Minn . . 75,611 48,655 64.3 25,669 17,939 69.9 42,371 27,392 64.6 7,152 3,047 42.6 406 270 66.5 Nashville, Tenn 31,803 18,191 57.2 19,315 11,506 59.6 1,670 1,036 62.0 286 158 55.2 10,531 5,491 52. 1 New Haven, Conn 36,263 24,252 66.9 10,a39 7,835 73.6 18,829 13,292 70.6 6,048 2,619 43.3 740 501 67.7 New Orleans, La 98, 468 52,799 53.6 55, 866 32, 569 58.3 15,604 8,190 52. 5 2,276 897 39.4 24,685 11,129 45.1 New York, N. Y 1,334,357 828,720 62.1 307,097 200,893 67.2 090,672 471,677 68.3 318, 400 140,522 44.1 17,184 9,417 54.8 Manhattan Borough 626, 669 368,913 58.9 98,078 63,072 64.3 313,329 212,431 67.8 204,648 87,990 43.0 10,334 5,282 51.1 Bronx Borough 124,812 80,989 64.9 35,783 24,530 68.6 70,615 48,343 68.5 17,520 7,566 43.2 881 544 61.7 Brooklyn Borough 471.767 303,689 64.4 132,628 89,212 67.3 247,740 170,418 68.8 86,390 40,970 4r.4 4,903 2,932 59.3 Queens Borouqli 86, 030 57,618 67.0 31,236 22,640 72.5 46,722 31,577 67.6 7,304 2,929 40.1 756 465 61.5 Richmond Borough 25,089 17,611 70.2 9,972 7, .(39 74.6 12,266 8,908 72.6 2,538 1,067 42.0 310 194 62.6 Newark, N. J 97,544 61,916 a3.5 30,348 20,460 67.4 48,830 32,846 67.3 16,2.56 7,283 44.8 2,087 1,318 63.2 Oakland, Cal 34,153 22,253 65.2 14,143 9,929 70.2 16,063 10,360 64.5 2,648 1,227 40.3 533 325 61.0 Omaha, Nebr 31,281 20,085 64.2 13,887 9,321 67.1 14,324 9,268 64.7 2,317 1,054 45.5 741 434 58.6 Paterson, N. J 36,457 21,779 59.7 9,058 5,799 64.0 20,976 13,265 63.2 6,046 2,502 41.4 366 210 37. i Philadelphia, Pa 410, 243 237,333 57.9 171, 550 105,029 61.2 169, 244 101,647 60.1 52, 370 21,291 40.7 16,999 9, 323 54.8 Pittsburgh, Pa 146,609 85,777 58.5 55,570 35,536 63.9 68,814 41,049 59.7 16,600 5,813 3.5.0 5,605 3,368 60.1 Portland, Oreg 43,272 26,146 60 4 22,914 14,503 63.3 15,854 9,7(>4 61. 6 4,027 1,660 41.2 122 64 52.5 Providence, R. I 57,559 35,309 61.3 15,302 10,583 69.2 30, 168 19,960 66.2 10,863 3,990 36.7 1,177 743 63.1 Richmond, Va 35,271 17,986 51.0 20,012 11,205 56.0 1,939 1,104 56.9 446 212 47.5 12,873 5,465 42.5 Rochester, N. Y , 54,998 33,752 61.4 22, 223 14,891 67.0 25,363 15,624 61.6 7,227 3,129 43.3 176 105 59.7 St. Louis, Mo 181,402 101,320 .55.9 94, 669 56,588 59.8 65,495 34,944 53.4 12,275 4,856 39.6 8,907 4,897 5,5.0 St. Paul, Minn 58,946 37, 187 63.1 18,708 12,986 69.3 35,262 21,922 62.2 4,468 1,957 43.8 496 319 (>4.3 San Francisco, Cal 85,368 50, 128 58.7 30,481 18,973 62.2 43,664 26,569 60.8 •8, 746 3,524 40.3 244 112 45.9 Scranton, Pa 39,397 22,964 58.3 13,680 8,920 65.2 21,712 12,619 58.1 3,855 1,338 34.7 143 87 60.8 Seattle, Wash 49,294 31,099 63.1 23,919 15,9.57 66.7 19,586 12,667 64.7 4,846 2,062 42.6 281 157 55.9 Spokane, Wash 24, 150 15,259 63.2 14,009 9,099 65.0 8,324 5,374 64.6 1,655 696 42.1 124 79 63.7 Syracuse, N. Y 34,171 21,131 61.8 16,101 10,720 66.6 14,336 9,014 02.9 3,516 1,265 36.0 214 131 61.2 Toledo. Ohio 45,314 28, 198 62.2 22, 156 15,030 67.8 19, 837 11,729 59.1 2,962 1,218 41.1 350 215 61.4 Washington, D. C 79,249 50,859 64.2 43,082 28, 724 66.7 10,465 7,079 67.6 2,047 1,018 49.7 23,593 14,000 59.3 Worcester, Mass 38,277 24,928 65.1 10,718 7,752 72.3 21,711 14,695 67.7 5,562 2, 292 41.2 282 185 a5.6 232 ABSTOACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION For children from 6 to 1 4 ^mars of a^e the percentage attending school is generally high. For the ])rinci])al cities the range of variation was from 74.4 in Richmond and Birmingham to 95.2 in Cambridge. Among the 50 cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more there are 21 in which 90 ])er cent or over of the children from G to 14 years of age were reported as attending school. Exceptionally high percentages (92 and over) are shown for Boston, Bridgeport, Cambridge, New Haven, and Omaha, while low percentages (less than 80) are noted in Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, and Richmond. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN (i TO 14 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. [Per oent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 17 CITY. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentage. •WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Total number Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Albany, N. Y 13,380 11,824 88.4 7,966 7,003 88.7 4,671 4,124 88.3 017 524 84.9 125 113 90.4 Atlanta, Ga 24,099 18,486 76.7 14,661 11,620 79.3 1,160 ' 974 84.0 265 206 77.7 8,011 5,685 71.0 Baltimore, Md 87,891 68,218 77.6 47,294 36, 895 78.0 24,985 19,540 78.2 4,339 3,267 75.3 11,265 8,509 75.5 Birmingham, Ala 21,539 16,019 74.4 11,350 8,488 74.8 1,878 1,470 78.3 329 254 77.2 7,982 5,807 72.8 Boston, Mass 100,560 94,234 93.7 24,614 22, 994 93.8 63,620 60,001 94.3 10,905 9,873 90.0 1,430 1,337 93.5 Bridgeport, Conrft 15,299 14,123 92.3 4,361 4,058 93.1 9,116 8,448 92.7 1,660 1,476 88.9 162 141 87.0 Butfald, N. Y 69,405 60,813 87.6 24,041 21,652 90.1 40,452 35,033 86.6 4,730 3,966 83.8 176 157 89.2 Cambridge, Mass 16,502 15,718 95.2 4,021 3,818 95.0 10,336 9,918 96.0 1,391 1,205 90.9 752 715 9.5.1 Chicago, 111 336,808 296, 766 88.1 79,004 70,540 89.2 219, 774 193,994 88.3 34,078 28, 760 84.4 3,840 3,424 89.2 Cincinnati. Ohio 50,425 45, 685 90.6 31,462 28,593 90.9 15,110 13,718 90.8 1,826 1,565 85.7 2,024 1,807 89.3 Cleveland, Ohio 86,513 78,595 90.8 23,915 22,285 93.2 51,073 46,160 90.4 10,675 9,366 87.7 838 775 92.5 Columbus, Ohio 24,086 21,531 89.4 17, Ml 15,892 90.1 4,445 3,934 88.5 597 489 81.9 1,396 1,210 86.7 Dayton, Ohio 15,959 14,377 90.1 11,586 10,483 90.5 3,265 2,946 90.2 551 462 83.8 556 486 87.4 Denver, Colo 29,307 26,457 90.3 15,905 14,242 89.5 11,380 10,397 91.4 1,417 1.283 90.5 579 513 88.6 Detroit, Mich 68,847 59,575 86.5 19, 785 17,844 90.2 41,034 36,025 85.4 7,405 6, 162 83.2 615 536 87.2 21,700 19,915 91.8 3,388 3,242 95.7 15, 202 13,923 91. 6 3,071 2,713 88.3 37 36 17,100 15^385 90.0 6,305 5^051 88.8 9^447 8, 593 91.0 1,222 i;082 88.5 65 58 Indianapolis, Ind 31,986 29,008 90.7 23', 368 21 ',220 90.8 5,350 4,867 91.0 '506 '422 83.4 2,759 2,496 90.5 Jersey City, N. J 47,024 40,556 86.2 17,688 15,34g 86.8 25,454 21,997 86.4 3,107 2,536 81.6 774 674 87.1 Kansas City, Mo 30,571 26, 572 86.9 20,504 17,822 86.9 6, 765 5,952 88.0 1,044 884 84.7 2,251 1,910 84.9 Los Angeles, Cal 37, 189 33,701 90.6 21,179 19,167 90.5 12,076 11,075 91.7 2,820 2,455 87.1 933 868 93.0 Louisville, Ky 33,689 29, 701 88.2 22,321 19,704 88.3 6,104 5,452 89.3 362 305 84.3 4,902 4,:mo 86.5 1 6, 1 1 0 34,720 91.3 3,235 3,024 93.5 10, 966 10,054 91. 7 1,906 1,632 12 10 Memphis, Tenn 17,444 13 ; 372 76.7 9,093 7 ; 463 82.1 i;609 i;302 84.6 '296 225 70.0 6,440 4,317 67.0 fi2, 1 1 2 54,165 87.2 851 16, 993 90.1 38, 670 33, 389 86.3 4,517 3,724 82.4 72 58 Minneapolis, Minn 40,014 35,912 89.7 14,184 12,621 89.0 22,878 20,686 90.4 2,722 2,405 88.4 225 197 87.6 Nashville, Tenn 17,657 1.3,730 77.8 11,081 8,763 79.1 901 760 84.4 130 109 80.1 5,538 4,098 74.0 New Haven, Conn 21,724 20,466 94.2 6,525 0,172 94.6 12,315 11,654 94.6 2,440 2,239 91.5 436 400 91.7 New Orleans, La 57,661 44,377 77.0 34,014 27,338 80.4 8,633 6,835 79.2 1,009 746 73.9 13,990 9,446 67.5 New York, N. Y 770,037 098,015 90.6 188,327 170,200 90.4 440,143 407,354 91.3 126,530 112,532 88.9 8,8M 7,783 87.8 Manhattan Borough 343,780 308,582 89.8 57,406 50, 887 88.6 203,212 184,036 90.6 78,061 69,225 88.7 4,993 4,345 87.0 Bronx Borough 74,875 68,212 91.1 22,608 20,457 90.5 44,854 41,141 91.7 6,897 6,153 89.2 512 457 89.3 Brooklyn Borough 282,610 257,235 91.0 81,367 73,678 90.6 160,586 147,259 91.7 37,842 33,814 89.4 2,764 2,441 88.3 Queens Borough 52,923 49, 191 92.9 20,440 19, 106 93.4 29,310 27,238 92.9 2,739 2,458 89.7 418 382 91.4 Richmond Borough 15,849 14,795 93. S 6,497 6,072 93.5 8,181 7,680 93.9 991 882 89.0 177 158 89.3 Newark. N. J 57,529 52,885 91.9 18,534 16,984 91.6 30, 963 28,678 92.6 6,837 6,138 89.8 1,184 1,076 90.9 Oakland, Cal 18,952 16,827 88.8 8,371 7,419 88.6 8,819 7,890 89.5 1,145 1,007 87.9 280 247 88.2 Omaha, Nebr 16,817 15,624 92.9 7,608 7,023 92.3 7,838 7,373 94.1 986 883 89.0 382 343 89.8 Paterson, N. J 21,415 19,294 90.1 5,566 4,970 89.4 13,103 11,908 90.9 2, 520 2,217 87.8 217 192 88.5 Philadelphia, Pa 237,900 205,009 86.2 100,957 87, 959 87.1 104,892 90,244 86.0 22,413 18, 727 83.6 9,604 8,051 83.8 Pittsburgh, Pa 84,821 72,316 85.3 33,588 29,001 86.3 41,799 35,537 85.0 0,054 4,941 81.6 3,371 2,833 84.0 22, 255 19,084 85.8 12,149 1 0, 382 8,291 7, 231 87.2 1,011 1,328 82.4 63 48 Providence, R. I 33 ; 114 29; 550 89.2 9,053 8,247 91. 1 19 ; 381 17,353 89.5 3 ; 968 3;319 83.0 679 603 88.8 Richmond, Va 19,560 14,562 74.4 11,343 8,083 79.2 1,088 892 82.0 202 173 85.0 6,927 4,514 65.2 30,312 27,859 91.9 12, 851 11,871 92.4 14,468 13,306 92.0 2, 895 2,591 89.5 96 90 St. Louis, Mo 99,905 85,421 85.5 55,384 47,575 85.9 34,513 29, 600 85.8 5,251 4,272 81.4 4,725 3,941 83.4 St. Paul, Minn 31,498 28,871 91.7 10, 784 9 , 769 90.6 18, MO 17,234 92.4 1,806 1,624 89.9 261 243 9.3.1 San Franci.sco, Cal 44,633 38,6.59 80.6 17,005 14,660 80.2 23,419 20,609 88.0 3,324 2,813 84. 6 108 87 80.6 23, 398 19, 525 83.4 8,545 7,337 85.9 13,220 10, 958 82.9 1,553 1,157 74.5 80 73 Seattle, Wa.sh 26,432 22 ; 589 85.5 13; 373 11,462 85.7 10 ; 801 9 ; 285 86.0 L958 1,600 82.0 153 127 83.0 13,513 11,303 84.1 8,111 6, 765 83.4 4,636 3,985 86.0 696 553 79.5 61 54 SVraouse, N. Y 19,186 16,857 87.9 9,180 8,071 87.9 8;024 7,627 88.4 1 , 2.55 1,046 83.3 120 112 88.9 Toledo, Ohio 25,952 23,499 90.5 13,080 12,151 92.9 11,390 10,086 88.6 1,280 1,085 • 84.4 191 173 90.6 Washington, D. C 44,719 38, 775 80.7 24, 796 21,767 87.8 6,080 5,392 88.7 905 782 80.4 12,910 10,807 8,3.7 Worcester, Mass 22,313 20,422 91.5 0,388 5,917 92.0 13, 741 12, 543 91.3 2,011 1,800 89.5 170 159 93.5 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE 233 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION G TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100, OIK) INHAHITANTS: 1910. . (Per cent not .shown where ba.so i.s less than inn.] Table 18 * CITY. Alabama Mobile Montgomery Arkansas Little Rock California Berkeley Pasadena Sacramento San Diego San Jose Colorado Colorado Springs Pueblo Coimecticut Hartford Meriden town. . . Meriden city. New Britain Norwich town... Stamford town. . Stamford city Waterbury Delaware Wilmington. Florida Jacksonville Tampa Georgia .\ugusta Macon Savannah Diinois .\urora Bloomington Danville Decatur East St. Louis Elgin Joliet Peoria Quincy Rockford Springfield Indiana Evan.sville Fort Wayne South Bend Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Clinton Council Bluffs Davenport Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Waterloo .- Kansas Kansas City Topeka Wichita Kentucky Covington Lexington Newport Louisiana Shreveport Maine Lewiston Portland ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentage. ■WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO, .\ttending Attending Attending Attending Attending school. school. •school. school. school. Total Total Total Total Total number. number. number. num- num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. Num- Per ber. Num- Per cent. bcr. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. 14,097 8,083 57.3 6,756 4,4.53 65.9 1,114 689 61.8 198 88 44.4 6,027 2,853 47.3 10,760 5,288 49.1 4,792 2,423 50.6 377 214 56.8 70 26 5,518 2,624 47.6 12,016 7,134 59.4 6,760 4,280 63.3 1,238 731 59.0 103 38 36.9 3,912 2,085 53.3 10,050 7,466 74.3 5,222 4,139 '79.3 3,932 2,823 71.8 596 .341 57.2 69 43 6,621 4,814 72.7 4,521 3,440 76.1 1,621 1,117 68.9 288 138 47.9 159 111 69.8 9,381 5,485 58.5 5,274 3,272 62.0 3,050 1,740 57.0 624 245 39.3 103 49 47.6 8,552 6,806 67.9 5,129 3,, 565 69.5 2, ,539 1,786 70.3 722 3.55 49.2 113 68 60.2 6,868 4,776 69.5 3,558 2,558 71.9 2,733 1,931 70.7 481 231 48.0 23 14 7,255 5,214 71.9 5,319 3,852 72.4 1,502 1,079 71.8 164 89 54.3 266 194 72.9 10,887 7,050 64.8 6,315 4,222 66.9 3,243 2,285 70.5 990 347 3.5.1 331 196 59.2 25,039 17,134 68.4 7,805 5,731 73.4 12,678 9,175 72.4 4,111 1,908 46.4 441 317 71.9 9,312 6,174 66. 3 2,607 1,929 74.0 5,738 3,807 66.3 909 .389 42.8 58, 49 7,861 B,m 66.6 B, 190 1,620 74.0 4,792 3,203 66.8 811 361 43.3 68 49 12,305 7,783 63.3 2,689 2,020 75.1 6,877 4,929 71.7 2,709 816 30.1 30 18 7,651 5,019 65.6 2,431 1,819 74.8 3,819 2,599 68 1 1,237 492 39.8 158 106 67.1 7,602 4,827 63.5 2,666 1,840 69.0 3,611 2,443 67.7 1,258 506 40.2 67 38 6,781 i,m 63. 1 2,227 1,61,3 69.3 3,300 2,214 67.1 1,189 482 40.6 66 38 20,388 13,471 66.1 5,555 3,943 71.0 11,298 8,113 71.8 3,358 1,300 38.7 175 114 65.1 23,202 13,404 57.8 12,593 7,648 60.7 6,696 3,940 58.8 1,.586 440 27.7 2,326 1,375 59.1 14,497 7,643 52.7 5,749 3,133 54.5 907 546 60.2 259 90 34.7 7,571 3,864 51.0 10,678 5,598 52.4 3,324 2,017 60.7 2,739 1,690 61.7 2,300 720 .31.3 2,313 1,171 50.6 11,317 5,927 52.4 5,667 3,277 57. 8 390 258 66.2 76 31 ,5,179 2,358 45.5 11,854 6,097 ,51.4 6,165 3,483 56.5 262 191 72.9 81 29 5,346 2,394 44.8 17,399 9,084 52.2 6,607 3,984 60.3 1,748 1,071 61.3 a52 158 44.9 8,692 3,871 44.5 7,817 4,517 .57.8 3,545 2,324 65.6 3,633 2,021 55.6 559 127 22.7 80 45 6,576 4,269 64.9 4,033 2,805 69.6 2,156 1,264 58.6 180 76 42.2 207 124 59.9 7,529 4,983 66.2 5,698 3,896 68.4 1,423 854 60.0 81 33 327 200 61.2 8,372 5,199 62.1 6,374 4,054 63.6 1,618 942 58.2 193 % 49.7 187 107 .57. 2 1.5,349 8,519 5.5.5 9, 735 5,741 59.0 3,146 1,746 5.5.5 1,086 308 28.4 1,382 724 52.4 6,578 4,274 65.0 2,931 2,076 70.8 3,321 2,049 61.7 290 128 44.1 36 21 9,507 5,863 61.7 3,414 2,36.3 69.2 4,945 .3,099 62.7 1,041 333 32.0 107 68 63.6 16,651 10,124 60.8 10,656 6,671 62.6 5,174 3,080 59.5 484 193 39.9 336 180 .53. 6 9,727 5,729 .58.9 6,730 4,223 62.7 2,545 1,277 .50.2 67 22 383 207 54.0 11,885 7,020 59.1 4,354 2,916 67.0 6,220 3,699 59.5 1,274 384 30.1 37 21 13,578 8,064 59.4 8, 413 5, 189 61.7 3,790 2,119 55.9 630 302 47.9 743 452 60.8 18,985 10,628 56.0 14,256 8,204 .57.5 3,034 1,496 49.3 97 25 1,598 903 56.5 17,548 10,582 60.3 11,826 7,473 63.2 5,186 2, &52 55.0 407 174 42.8 125 80 64.0 14,679 8,114 55.3 6,256 3,895 62.3 6,573 3, 49.3 53.1 1,700 637 37.5 126 76 60.3 15,539 9,500 61.1 12,626 7,863 62.3 2,046 1,196 58.5 211 77 36.5 656 364 55.5 8,763 5,. 583 63.7 5,051 3,42.5 67.8 3,221 1,929 ,59.9 450 203 45.1 41 2() 6,900 4,649 67.4 3,541 2,576 72.7 3,061 1,926 62.9 189 69 36.5 109 78 71.6 8,163 5,434 66.6 5,267 .3,637 69.1 2,560 1,671 65.3 267 87 32.6 62 39 11,349 7,117 62.7 6, 175 4,241 68.7 4,720 2,668 .56.5 319 120 37.6 13.5 88 65.2 22, .300 14,633 65.6 14,830 10,069 67.9 5,924 ,3,788 63.9 876 378 43.2 670 398 59.4 10,531 6,598 62.7 6,200 4,22.5 67.5 4,038 2,280 56.5 215 79 .36. 7 17 14 12,889 7,893 61.2 6,548 4,289 65.5 5,213 3,172 60.8 1,060 385 .36. 3 68 47 6,842 4,475 65.4 5, 184 3,532 68.1 1,447 884 61.1 208 57 27.4 3 2 22,923 13,924 60.7 14, .3,30 9,035 63.0 5,180 3,113 60.1 1,032 275 26.6 2,371 1,497 63.1 11,198 6,829 61.0 7,410 4,651 62.8 2,172 1,256 57.8 3.51 130 37.0 1,262 791 62.7 13,591 8,490 62.5 11,293 7,177 63.6 1,421 873 61.4 219 80 36.5 655 358 54.7 14,764 8, 448 57.2 10,713 6,382 .59. 6 3, .362 1,694 50.4 .55 24 633 348 5.5.0 8,649 5,609 64.9 5, 478 3,761 68.7 409 272 66.5 61 28 2, 696 1,546 57 3 8,498 4,669 54.9 5,889 3,, 367 57.2 2,221 1,107 49.8 234 111 47. 4 1.54 84 54.5 7,626 4,186 54.9 3,030 1,936 6.3.9 412 279 67.7 109 45 41.3 4,074 1,926 47.3 7,725 4,269 65.3 2,112 1,444 68.4 3,716 2,239 60.3 1,883 580 30.8 14 6 13.831 9,500 68.7 6,787 4,7% 70.7 5, 640 4,114 72.9 1,337 643 40.6 65 46 234 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION S(;iIOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION G TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910— Continued. [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.] , Xablo 1 8— Continued. CITY. Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town Chelsea Chicopee Everett Fitchburg Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Malden New Bedford Newton Pittsfield Quincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth Missouri Joplin St. Joseph Springfield Butte Montana Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha New Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Passaic Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town New York Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Rochelle Newburgh Niagara Falls Poughkeepsie Schenectady Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentage. WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Attending Attending Attending Attending Attending school. school. school. schooi. school. Total Total Total Total Total number. number. number. ■M 1 I’er Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. 14,505 9,793 67.5 5,675 4,004 70.6 6,920 4,986 72.1 1,754 704 40.1 155 99 03.9 5,766 4,220 73.2 2,452 2,013 82.1 2,709 2,078 76.7 583 118 20.2 21 11 9,007 5,678 63.0 1,646 1,073 65.2 4,689 3,244 69.2 2,599 1,316 50.6 69 41 7,630 4,728 62.0 1,568 1.199 76.5 4,332 2,999 69.2 1,727 530 30.7 3 9,243 6,516 70.5 2,607 1,8.54 71.1 5,467 4,024 73.6 '912 434 47.6 255 204 80.0 10, 648 6,760 63.5 2,538 1,850 72.9 6,215 4,275 68.8 1,888 631 33.4 5 4 11,201 7,569 67.6 4,526 3,217 71.1 5, 123 3,720 72.6 1,456 505 38.8 95 66 17,907 10,742 60.0 3,134 2,273 72.5 11,294 7,236 64.1 3,462 1,225 35.4 14 7 23,520 14,063 59.8 3,592 2,636 73.4 12,906 8,628 66.9 6,976 2,772 39.7 45 27 21,328 13,781 64.6 7,271 5,080 69.9 10,348 7,171 69.3 3,509 1,417 40.4 189 112 59. ,3 12,296 8,642 70.3 3,363 2,478 73.7 7,188 5,310 73.9 1,600 750 46.9 144 104 72.2 26.784 15,300 57.1 4,233 2,913 68.8 14, 1.36 9,063 64.1 7,760 2,931 37.8 650 390 60.0 10,255 7,700 75.1 3,939 3,379 85.8 4,908 3,856 77.6 1,233 390 31.6 111 73 65.8 8,067 5,2.30 64.8 4,0.31 2,814 69.8 3,254 2,077 63.8 709 289 40.8 73 50 9,096 6,380 70.1 2,403 1,872 77.9 5,429 3,919 72.2 1,251 585 46.8 11 4 11,829 7,881 66.6 3,573 2,734 76.5 6,302 4,428 70.3 1,915 690 36.3 33 19 18,993 13,923 73.3 6,639 5,086 76.6 10,611 8,039 75.8 1,675 750 44.8 67 48 22,158 15,182 68.5 8,609 6,294 73.1 10, 184 7,324 71.9 3,003 1,299 43.3 353 258 73.1 8,991 5,507 61.3 3.222 2,212 08.7 4,491 2.876 64.0 1,203 370 30.8 75 49 7,309 5,092 69.7 2,526 1,917 75.9 3,991 2,839 71.1 764 315 41.2 25 20 5,841 3,955 67.7 4,337 2,993 69.0 1,118 768 68.7 279 125 44.8 107 69 64.5 13,696 8,869 64.8 4,007 3,035 75.7 8,963 5,430 60.6 694 383 55.2 29 18 8,871 4,739 53.4 5,368 3,049 56.8 2,720 1,378 50.7 677 255 37.7 106 57 53.8 7,249 4,697 64.8 4,616 3,113 67.4 2,247 1,424 63.4 316 123 38.9 70 37 9,580 6,067 63.3 5,340 3,507 65.7 3,268 2,060 63.0 814 404 49.6 156 96 61.5 4 877 61.1 ft, ]f\9. 3, 160 61 2 2. 332 1 497 a*! 8 403 157 39.0 91 73 13,619 8,771 64.4 5,420 3,788 09.9 7,379 4;550 61.7 758 398 52.5 61 34 20,615 13,016 63.1 3,966 2,656 07.0 13,771 9,228 67.0 2,812 1,090 38.8 60 38 8,947 5,900 65.9 8,207 5,429 66.2 518 3.50 67.6 35 22 187 99 52.9 20,299 12, .375 61.0 14,453 8,995 62.2 4,117 2,507 60.9 7.30 309 42.3 995 561 56. 4 10,127 6,361 62.8 8,599 5,469 63.6 869 538 61.9 35 3 618 348 56.3 8,761 6,187 70.6 2,775 2,069 74.6 5,269 3,784 71.8 650 294 45.2 39 27 11,049 7,675 69.5 6,783 4,935 72.8 2,905 2,038 68.7 1,137 596 52.4 158 100 6.3.3 7,879 4,659 59.1 2,853 1,840 01.5 3,978 2,419 60.8 882 308 34.9 161 91 56.5 21,059 11,717 55.6 4,105 2,861 69.7 10,781 6,964 64.6 6, 165 1,888 30.6 8 4 7,429 4, 470 60.2 2,028 1,514 74.7 3,657 2,473 67.6 1,744 483 27.7 10,291 5,945 57.8 5,532 3,275 59.2 2, ,347 1,527 65. 1 750 311 41.5 1,661 832 50. r 16,857 10,909 64.7 3,800 2,584 68.0 ■ 10,011 7,019 70.4 2,916 1,193 40.9 129 82 63.6 25,637 14,532 56.7 13,915 8,195 58.9 8,380 4,822 57.5 1,865 646 34.6 1,467 865 59.0 8,199 5,567 67.9 4,617 3,451 74.7 2, 462 1,685 68.4 632 155 24.5 485 276 56.9 20, 499 12,387 t)0.4 6,757 4,543 67.2 10,317 6,486 62.9 3.047 1,152 37.8 378 206 54.5 20,343 12,201 60.0 5,101 3,350 65.7 11,937 7,524 63.0 3,271 1,,305 39.9 33 22 8,172 5,303 64.9 2,729 1,868 68.4 3,956 2,729 69.0 908 328 30.1 578 378 65.4 17,687 8,297 46.9 2,392 1,717 71.8 7,393 4,918 66. 5 7,770 1,594 20.5 1.32 68 51.5 9,503 5,694 59.9 1,582 1,096 69.3 5,6.39 3,826 67.8 2,242 752 33.5 40 20 26,495 16,409 61.9 10,966 7,244 66.1 11,278 7,477 66.3 3,762 1,395 37.1 486 293 60.3 10,558 5,633 53.4 2,709 1,594 58.8 6,007 3,348 55.2 1,765 686 38.9 10 4 8,235 4,477 54.4 2,771 1,815 65.5 3.538 2,195 62.0 1,905 453 23.8 21 14 7,882 4,800 60.9 4,083 2,809 68.8 2,757 1,695 61.5 953 235 24.7 89 61 11,053 7,400 67.0 7,424 5,362 72.2 2, 446 1,646 67.3 1.073 323 30.1 108 67 62.0 9, '107 6,476 68.8 5,766 4,068 70.6 2,897 1,929 66.6 619 395 63.8 125 84 67.2 7,904 5,068 64.1 2.438 1,733 71.1 4,271 2,868 67.2 1,167 448 38.4 -27 19 7,180 4,293 59.8 4,698 2,993 63.7 1,981 1,092 55.1 323 104 32.2 178 104 58.4 8,475 6,104 72.0 3,653 2,873 78.6 3,609 2,711 75.1 1,005 423 42.1 207 97 46.9 7,748 5,339 68.9 2,555 1,893 74.1 3, 665 2,769 75.6 1.116 4.54 40.7 411 223 54.3 7,370 4,274 68.0 4,177 2,539 60.8 2,650 1,542 58.2 402 124 30.8 141 69 48.9 7,553 4,779 63.3 2,205 1,537 69.7 3,476 2,455 70.6 1,829 762 41.7 42 25 1), 641 3,794 57.1 4,015 2,391 59.6 2,008 1,185 59.0 471 1.34 28.5 147 84 57.1 17,826 11,348 63.7 7,950 5,208 65. 5 7,, 501 5, 1.37 68.5 2,322 970 4\.S 53 33 19,557 12,921 66.1 10,004 7,187 71.8 8,074 5,113 63.3 1,363 540 39. 6 116 81 69.8 19,244 11,190 58. 1 7,789 4,948 63. 5 7,862 4,913 ()2. 5 3.519 1,278 36.3 74 51 6, 396 4,294 67.1 3. 284 2,294 69.9 2,231 1,592 71.4 866 397 45.8 15 11 22,986 15,310 66.6 7,070 5,256 74.3 11,884 8,743 7;L6 3,695 1,115 30.2 333 194 .58. 3 10, 404 5,379 51.7 6,374 3.599 56. 5 174 124 71.3 54 29 3, .801 1,627 42. 8 7,228 4,052 56. 1 3, 452 2, 116 61.3 232 157 67.7 23 7 3,517 1,772 50.4 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE ‘235 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF POPULATION 6 TO 20 YEARS OF AGE IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS: 1910- Continued. [Por cent not shown where base is less than 100.] Table 18— Contimieii. CITY. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE Native parentage. WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total num- ber. Attending school. Total num- ber. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Ohio Akron 17,402 10, 189 58.6 10,341 6,333 61.2 5,382 3,198 59.4 1,514 563 37.2 165 95 57.6 Canton 13,040 7,477 57.3 8,630 5,335 61.8 3,334 1,829 54.9 1,007 275 27.3 68 38 Hamilton 9, 705 5,814 59.5 7,369 4,504 61.1 2,068 1,137 55.0 181 78 43.1 145 94 64.8 Lima 8,392 5,317 63.4 6,868 4,373 63.7 1,137 726 63.9 129 54 41.9 258 164 63.6 Lorain 7,523 4,857 64.6 2,563 1,826 71.2 3,316 2,315 69.8 1,538 666 43.3 106 50 47.2 Newark 6,581 4,037 61.3 5,524 3,459 62.6 785 484 61.7 187 46 24.6 85 48 Springfield 12,142 7, 479 61.6 8,801 5,585 63.5 1,946 1,091 56.1 136 41 30.1 1,258 761 60.5 Youngstown 20,243 11,091 54.8 7,248 4,494 62.0 9,516 5,460 57.4 3,077 943 30.6 400 194 48.5 Zanesville 6,988 4,156 59.5 5,806 3, 475 59.9 714 437 61.2 103 35 34.0 361 209 57.9 Oklahoma 6,640 3,908 58.9 3,882 2,361 60.8 254 157 61.8 26 4 2,370 1,309 55.2 Oklahoma City 15,425 9,392 60.9 12,036 7,511 62.4 1,463 911 62.3 222 53 23.9 1,682 907 53.9 Pennsylvania Allentown. . 14,075 7,938 56. 4 10, 589 6,311 59.6 2,239 1,358 60.7 1,218 21.1 28 12 Altoona 14,438 9,085 62.9 11,106 7,124 64.1 2; 661 i;6i2 60.6 560 276 49.3 111 73 65.8 Chester 10, 440 5,822 55.8 5,592 3,285 58.7 2,931 1,656 56. 5 736 211 28.7 1,180 670 56.8 Easton 7,289 4,261 58.5 5,589 3,394 60.7 1,147 686 59.8 472 145 30.7 80 35 Erie 18, 492 10, 576 57.2 8,661 5,386 62.2 8.258 4, 661 56.4 1,500 488 32.5 73 41 Harrisburg 15,973 10, 437 65.3 12,890 8; 559 66.4 1,392 985 70.8 630 269 42.7 1,061 624 58.8 8, 332 5,321 63.9 3,291 2,270 69.0 4,379 2,781 63.5 268 40.7 3 2 15', 594 8,526 54.7 8^712 5’ 282 60.6 4’ 540 2, 604 57.4 2,260 602 80 38 Lancaster 12; 507 7; 531 60.2 10; 061 6,090 60.5 1,997 i;2ii 60.6 '240 116 48.3 209 114 54.5 McKeesport 13,012 8,158 62.7 4,905 3,331 67.9 6,250 4,081 65.3 1,623 597 36.8 232 149 64.2 New Castle 9,563 5,954 62.3 5,178 3,490 67.4 2,955 2,009 68.0 1,302 388 29.8 127 67 52.8 Norristown borough 6,746 3,751 55.6 4,408 2,595 58.9 1,556 827 53.1 518 182 35.1 203 147 5.5.9 Reading 25, 751 14, 407 55.9 20,686 11,900 57.5 3,702 2,020 54.7 1,173 371 31.6 189 110 58.2 8,022 4, 675 58.3 1,892 1,223 64.6 4,795 3.135 65. 4 1 , 332 316 23.7 3 1 Wilkes-Barre T 20, 337 12; 568 61.8 8,409 5,758 68.5 9,941 6,087 61.2 1,827 605 33.1 160 118 73.8 Williamsport 8,526 5, 446 63.9 6,671 4.322 64.8 1,433 874 61.0 147 64 43.5 275 186 67.6 York 12, 260 7,363 60.1 11,019 6,651 60.4 786 499 63.5 151 53 35.1 304 160 52.6 Rhode Island Newport 7,885 5,882 74.6 3, 167 2.442 77.1 3,898 3,011 77.2 402 188 40.7 354 238 67.2 Pawtucket 14,501 8,993 62.0 3,840 2,715 70.7 8,324 5.3.50 04.3 2.265 879 38.8 68 47 Warwick town 8,027 4' 689 58. 4 2,049 L399 68.3 4' 395 2,792 63.5 1,536 472 30.7 46 25 Woonsocket 12,005 6,685 55.7 1,852 1,268 68.5 6,824 4,172 61. 1 3, 324 1,244 37.4 5 1 South Carolina Charleston 17,022 8,654 50.8 6,288 3,775 60.0 1,240 725 ,58.5 158 50 31.6 9,336 4,104 44.0 Columbia 7, 272 3,869 53.2 3,654 2,214 60.6 145 91 62.8 68 33 3, 405 1,531 45.0 Tennessee Chattanooga 11,790 6,833 58.0 6,220 3,927 63.1 670 482 71.9 160 93 58.1 4,734 2,331 49.2 Knoxville 10, 725 5,747 53.6 8, 127 4.522 55.6 430 278 64.7 69 39 2,099 908 43.3 Texas Austin 8,872 5,688 64.1 4,895 3,326 67.9 1,421 870 61.2 162 45 27.8 2,389 1,446 60.5 Dallas 24,699 13,440 54.4 16, 782 9,411 56.1 2,916 1.664 57.1 449 180 40.1 4, 546 2, 184 48.0 El Paso 11,195 5,901 52.7 3,998 2,572 64.3 2,892 1,581 54. 7 3,954 1,.570 39.7 332 177 53.3 Fort \V orth 19,713 10,433 52.9 14.066 7,795 55.4 1.732 969 55.9 440 100 ^2. 4 3, 467 1,568 45.2 Galveston 9,663 5,561 57.5 4,175 2,576 61.7 3,046 1,784 58.6 499 184 36.9 1,939 1,016 52.4 Houston 21,125 10,941 51.8 10,735 5,830 54.3 3,363 1,742 51.8 578 181 31.3 6,442 3,186 49.5 San Antonio 28,655 15,350 53.6 14,389 8,448 58.7 8,236 4,339 52.7 2,915 1,098 37.7 3,096 1,458 47.1 W'aco 8,231 4,782 58.1 5,370 3,296 61.4 892 529 59.3 127 56 44.1 1,834 898 49.0 Utah Ogden 7,735 5,422 70.1 4,054 2 982 73.6 3,160 2,183 69. 1 464 233 50.2 27 17 Salt Lake City 25; 852 17, 173 66.4 11,961 8,549 71.5 11,899 7,727 64.9 1,831 813 44.4 106 61 57. 5 Virginia Lynchburg ! 8,801 4,680 53.2 5,592 3,150 56.3 248 177 71. 4 40 17 2.920 1,336 4.5.8 Norfolk. . r 17,717 10; 040 56.7 9,400 5,854 62.3 1,493 1,029 68.9 479 230 48.0 6,341 2,925 46.1 Portsmouth 9,371 4,792 51.1 5,251 2,853 54.3 808 415 51.4 137 50 36.5 3,175 1,474 4(). 4 10,517 6,129 58.3 7,505 4,575 61.0 374 222 59.4 85 32 2,552 1,300 50.9 Washington Tacoma 20, 360 13,262 65.1 9,004 6,202 68.9 9,135 6,013 65.8 1,974 901 45.6 133 75 56.4 West Virginia Huntington 9,418 5,659 60. 1 8,520 5,124 GO.l 252 155 61.5 42 15 603 365 60. .5 Wheeling 11,018 6; 139 55.7 7; 309 4,289 58.7 3,047 1,637 53.7 459 110 24.0 203 103 50.7 Wisconsin Green Bay 7,680 5,120 66.7 3,785 2,781 73.5 3,707 2,250 60.7 152 42.8 10 4 La Crosse'. .' 9,078 5,927 65.3 3,904 2’ 839 72.7 • 4.917 2,971 60.4 235 100 42.6 22 17 Madison 6,578 4’ 604 70.0 3,709 2,791 75.2 2, .508 L630 65.0 321 157 48 9 30 19 9! 716 6,310 64.9 3 490 2, 629 7.5 :< .5 646 3 423 60 6 .5.50 241 4:1 S 26 15 Racine 10,473 6,458 61.7 3.025 2'091 69. 1 6, 168 3,844 62.3 1.251 505 40. 4 28 17 8,175 4!911 60. 1 2 531 1 764 69. 7 4 .588 2 690 58.6 1 0.5.5 43 2 1 1 Superior 10, 992 7,721 70.2 2,872 2.155 75.0 6.776 4,942 72.9 1,282 589 45.9 19 10 236 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1910 AND 1900. Ill coinparing Iho results of the oeusiis of 1910 witli tJiose of tlie preeediug census, two considerations must be borne in mind. In the first place the principal tabu- lations of the census of 1900 relate to persons from 5 to 20 years of age, while those of 1910 relate to persons from 6 to 20 years of age. This renders it impossible to carry the comparison between the two censuses into all the various details which have been exliibited in connection witli the figures for 1910. In order, how- ever, to permit a general comparison of the statistics of tiie two censuses, certain special tabulations have been made for 1910 with the same age groups as in 1900. A further distinction between the census of 1910 and that of 1900 lies in the form in which the question was asked. In 1910 the question was whether the person enumerated had attended school at any time between September 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. In 1900 the question was asked as to how many months the person enumerated had attended school during the year prior to the date of enumeration, June 1, 1900. The whole number of persons for whom the length of school attendance was reported was taken to be the aggregate number attending school. It is possible that the greater complexity of the ques- tion led to less complete returns at the earlier census, in which case the increased proportion of persons re- ported as attending school for 1910, as compared with 1900, would be due in part to greater accuracy in the returns. United States as a whole. — Table 19 gives for the United States as a whole comparative figures for 1910 and 1900 for each of the main population groups, with distinction of sex. In every group of the population given in the table without exception the proportion reported as attend- ing school was greater, in 1910 than in 1900. Of the total population from 5 to 20 years of age, 59.2 per cent were reported at the later census as attending school, as against 50.5 per cent at the earlier census. Among tlie three sidjordinate age groups which appear in Table 19 the group 5 to 9 years shows the great- est difference between the proportions reported at the two censuses, and the group 15 to 20 years shows the smallest difference. Among the important racial classes the negroes show the largest gain during the decade in the pi’oportion attending school. The per- centages for the Chinese and Japanese also were much higher in 1910 than in 1900, but of course these races have very few representatives between the ages of 5 and 20 years. Divisions and states. — Comparative figures for school attendance as reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 for the total population from, 5 to 20 years of age, with percentages for the minor age groups, are given^ by divisions and states, in Table 20, page 238. In every division and state and for each of the age groups, except for the age group 15 to 20 years in Nevada, the percentage of children reported as attend- ing school was greater in 1910 than in 1900. Moreover, in nearly every case the greatest gain appears to be in the proportion for the age group 5 to 9 years. The gains in the percentages shown for the total population from 5 to 20 years of age, and especially for the age group from 5 to 9 years, are particularly noticeable in the three southern divisions, and point at the same time to increased school accommodations and to a growing habit of sending children to school at an earher age. It may be noted specifically that in West Virginia and the District of Columbia alone in the southern divisions was the proportion of the population from 5 to 20 years of age reported as attending school in 1900 as much as one-half. In 1910, on the other hand, there were only five southern states in which the proportion was less than oncJialf. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. COMPARATIVK STATISTICS OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, FOR THE CNITED STATES; 1910 AND 1900. [I’or cent not shown where base is less tlian lOO.J 237 Tublv lit TOTAL NUMBER OK PERSONS ATTENDING SCHOOL. PERSONS 5 TO 20 YEARS OP AGE. PERSONS 5 TO 9 YEARS OK AGE. 1910 1900 1910 1900 CLASS OF POPULATION. 19)0 11)00 Total Attending school. Total Attending school. Tol al Attending school. Total .\ttending school. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. number. Number. Per cent. Total 18,009,891 13,367, 147 29,785,997 17, 646, 877 59.2 26,041,940 13,160,900 50.5 9,760,632 6,024,993 61.7 8,874,123 4,266,302 48.1 Male 9, 037, 655 6, 668, 823 14. 952, 530 8, 833.533 59.1 13, 048, 537 6,544,412 50.2 4. 924, 123 3, 028, 267 61.5 4,479,396 2, 154, 307 48.1 Female 8, 972, 236 6, 698, 324 14, 833, 467 8, 813, 344 59.4 12,993,403 6, 616, 488 50.9 4. 836, 509 2, 996, 726 62.0 4, 394, 727 2,111,995 48.1 White 16, 279, 292 12,231,004 25,992,293 15, 945, 412 61.3 22, 441,947 12, 039, 594 53.6 8, 475, 173 5, 495, 043 64.8 7,638,326 3,971,175 52.0 Male 8, 220, 847 6, 137, 874 13,092,081 8,031,599 61.3 11,271,583 6,021,453 53.4 4,285,366 2, 771, 424 64.7 3,862,349 2,009,800 52.0 Female 8,058,445 6,093, 130 12,900,212 7,913,813 61.3 11,170,364 6, 018, 141 53.9 4, 189, 807 2, 723, 619 65.0 3,775,977 1,961,. 375 51.9 Negro 1,670,650 1, 096, 734 3, 677, 860 1,644, 759 44.7 3, 499, 187 1,083,516 31.0 1,246,553 514,014 41.2 1, 202, 758 284, 784 23.7 Male 783, 869 509, 984 1,797,688 771,587 42.9 1, 721, 758 503, 099 29.2 619, 175 248,936 40.2 600, 410 139. 201 23.2 Female 886, 781 586, 750 1, 880, 172 873, 172 46.4 1,777,429 580, 417 32.7 627,378 265,078 42.3 602, 348 145,. 583 24.2 Indian 53,458 37,537 102, 163 51,877 50.8 89,632 36, 243 40.4 36,541 14,818 40.6 31,937 9,851 30.8 Chinese 3,887 1,349 7,286 3,314 45.5 4,927 1.250 25.4 1,264 655 51.8 1,024 452 44.1 Japanese 2,512 92 523 6, 039 356 1,459 56 24.2 15.7 6,247 297 4.8 1,088 13 458 5 42.1 78 40 Native white 15, 627, 786 11,849, 815 24,403,180 15,330, 814 62.8 21, 248, 914 11,668,616 54.9 8, 176, 664 5,291,576 64.7 7, 491,134 3,885,580 51.9 Male 7,882,607 5,943,300 12, 267, 050 7, 715, 983 62.9 10, 687, 135 5,833,538 54.6 4, 134, 714 2, 668, 530 64.5 3, 788, 622 1,966,766 51.9 Female 7, 745, 179 5,906,515 12, 136, 130 7, 614, 831 62.7 10,561,779 5, 835, 078 55.2 4, 041, 950 2,623,046 64.9 3,702,512 1,918, 814 51.8 Native parentage 11,110,583 8, 244, 687 17, 246, 081 10, 892, 753 63.2 14,876, 715 8,112,850 54.5 5,861,015 3,669,519 62.6 5, 174, 220 2,516, 045 48.6 Male 5,611,901 4.141,997 8,691,250 5, 488, 627 63.2 7,506,903 4,061,193 54.1 2, 969, 230 1,851,934 62.4 2, 623, 791 1,275,458 48.6 Female 5, 498, 682 4, 102, 690 8,554,831 5, 404, 126 63.2 7,369, 812 4, 051, 657 55.0 2,891,785 1,817,585 62.9 2, 550, 429 1,240.587 48.6 Foreign or mixed parentage Male 4,517,203 3, 605, 128 7,157,099 4,438,061 62.0 6,372,199 3,555,766 55.8 2, 315, 649 1,622,057 70.0 2,316, 914 1,369,535 59.1 2, 270, 706 1,801,303 1,803,825 3,575,800 2,227,356 62.3 3, 180, 232 1,772,345 55.7 1,165,484 816,596 70.1 1,164, 831 691,308 59.3 Female 2, 246, 497 3,581,299 2, 210, 705 61.7 3,191,967 1, 783, 421 55.9 1, 150, 165 805,461 70.0 1,152,083 678, 227 58.9 Foreign-born white Male 651,506 381,189 1,589,113 614,598 38.7 1,193,033 370,978 31.1 298,509 203,467 68.2 147. 192 85,595 58.2 338,240 194,574 825, 031 315,610 38.3 584, 448 187,915 32.2 150, 652 102, 894 68.3 73,727 43,034 58.4 Female 313,266 186, 615 764, 082 298,982 39.1 608, 585 183,063 30.1 147,857 100,573 68.0 73,465 42, 561 57.9 Table 19— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION. PERSONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OP AGE. PERSONS 15 TO 20 YEARS OF VGE. 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Total number. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Total 9,107,140 8,028,662 88.2 8,080,234 6,451,394 79.8 10.918,225 3,593,222 32.9 9,087,583 2,443,204 26.9 Male 4,601,753 4, 036, 105 87.7 4,083,041 3,215,585 78.8 5, 426, 654 1,769,161 32.6 4, 486, 100 1, 174, 520 26.2 Female 4,505,387 3, 992, 557 88.6 3,997,193 3, 235, 809 81.0 5, 491, 571 1, 824, 061 33.2 4.601,483 1,268,684 27.6 White 7, 918, 408 7, 212, 607 91.1 6,959,238 5,846,411 84.0 9,598,712 3, 237, 762 33.7 7, 844, 383 2, 222, 008 28.3 Male 4,006, 104 3,643,988 91.0 3,519,303 2, 928, 743 83.2 4,800,611 . 1,616,187 33.7 3,889,931 1,082,910 27. S Female 3,912,304 3,568, 619 91.2 3, 439, 935 2,917,668 84.8 4, 798, 101 1,621,575 33.8 3, 954, 452 1,139,098 28.8 Negro 1,155,266 791,995 68.6 1,091,990 587, 560 53.8 1, 276, 041 338, 750 26.5 1,204, 439 211,172 17.5 Male 578,074 379,486 65.6 548, 642 277,832 50.6 600,439 143,165 23.8 572, 706 86, 066 15.0 Female 577, 192 412, 509 71.5 543,348 309, 728 57.0 675, 602 195,585 28.9 631,733 125, 106 19.8 Indian 31,393 22, 446 71.5 27, 979 16.885 60.3 34,229 14.613 42.7 29,716 9,507 32.0 Chinese 1,575 1,221 77.5 845 479 56.7 4, 447 1,438 32.3 3,058 319 10.4 Japanese 477 375 78.6 182 59 32.4 4,474 626 14.0 5,987 198 3.3 21 18 322 33 10.2 Native white 7,560,078 6,904,115 91.3 6, 647, 673 5, 618, 931 84.5 8, 666, 438 3,135,123 36.2 7, 110, 107 2,164,105 30.4 Male 3,824,801 3,486,397 91.2 3,361.671 2,813,012 83.7 4,307,535 1,561,056 36.2 3,536,842 1,053,760 29.8 Female 3, 735, 277 3, 417,718 91.5 3, 286, 002 2, 805, 919 85.4 4,358,903 1,574,067 36.1 3,573,265 1,110,345 31.1 Native parentage 5,324,283 4, 827, 471 90.7 4, 660, 390 3, 904, 900 83.8 6,060,783 2,395,763 39.5 5,042,105 1,691,905 33.6 Male 2, 700, 656 2, 439, 554 90.3 2, 364, 797 1,956,336 82.7 3,021,364 1, 197, 139 39.6 2,618,315 829,399 32.9 Female 2, 623, 627 2,387,917 91.0 2,295,593 1,948,564 84.9 3,039, 419 1,198,624 39.4 2,523,790 862, 506 34.2 2.235,795 2,076,644 92.9 1,987,283 1, 714,031 86.2 2,605,655 739, 360 28. 4 2,068,002 472, 200 22.8 ifale r 1,124,145 1,046,843 93.1 ' 996’, 874 ' 856, 676 85.9 1,286,171 363,917 28.3 i; 018, 527 224, 361 22.0 Female 1,111,650 1,029,801 92.6 990, 409 857,355 86.6 1,319,484 375, 443 28.5 1,049, 475 247, 839 23.6 Foreim-bom white 358, 330 308, 492 86.1 311,565 227,480 73.0 932, 274 102, 639 11.0 734, 276 57,903 7.9 Male 181,303 157,591 86.9 157, 632 115,731 73.4 493,076 55, 131 11.2 353, 089 29,150 8.3 Female 177,027 150, 901 85.2 153.933 111,749 72.6 439. 198 47, 508 10.8 381,187 28,753 7.5 1 238 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Talklfi 20 PERSONS 5 TO 20 years OF AGE. PERSONS UNDER 5 AND OVER 20 PER CENT OF POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL. DIVISION AND STATE. Total miraber. Number attending school ATTENDING SCHOOL. 6 to 20 years of age. 5 to 9 years of age. 10 to 14 years ol age. 15 to 20 years of age. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1010 1900 1910 1900 1910 19(H> 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 29,785,997 26,041,940 17,646,877 13,160,900 363,014 206,247 59.2 50.5 61.7 48. 1 88.2 79.8 32.9 26. S OEooBArmc Divisions; New England 1, 84S, 702 1,507,519 1,193,359 901,924 28, 800 25,237 04.5 57.5 79.5 66.5 94. 1 90.0 29.0 24.1 Middle Atlantic 5,737,004 4, 740, 858 3, 450, 047 2,528,223 74, 720 38, 894 60.3 53.3 70.4 59.3 92.9 85.7 26.2 20.2 East North Central 5, (i04, 728 5, 293, 105 3, 502, 178 3,007,220 73, 825 47, 028 62.5 56.8 70.1 58.3 93.8 88.1 30.9 27.7 West North Central 3, 827, 001 3,000,010 2, 475, 434 2, 154,345 55, 157 32, 852 04.7 58.9 07.7 57.0 93.6 88.3 38.3 33.9 South Atlantic 4,459, 130 3,999,118 2,377, 044 1,610, 355 41,400 21,023 53.3 40.4 49.9 32.6 78.7 65.6 33.6 25.4 East South Central 3,110, 180 2,944,096 1, 701, 020 1,209,073 29, 171 15, 966 54.0 41.1 50.0 31.3 79.0 65.8 37.2 28.3 West S outh Central 3,299,750 2,590,057 1,705,344 1,019,020 29, 750 10, 905 53.5 39.3 40.5 25.4 80.5 68.3 36.4 26.7 Mountain 799, 419 535, 358 494,287 290, 027 10, 904 , 4,400 61.8 55.4 59.3 49.2 90.2 85.2 40.5 34.8 Pacific 1,093,303 711,213 681,564 427,513 19, 200 8,022 62.3 60.1 63.4 58.7 94. 1 91.8 38.2 34.7 New England: Maine 209,003 199,153 137, 671 117,016 3, 100 2, 960 65.9 58.8 76.0 61.9 92.4 89.5 35.2 31.5 New Hampshire 118,951 110,895 76,058 61,022 1,492 1,271 63.9 55.0 76.8 62.6 94.5 87.5 29.3 23.6 V’ennont 101,396 98, C14 69,348 58, 879 1,183 1,203 68.4 59.7 77.9' 64.5 90.6 92.1 36.2 28.8 Massachusetts 941,370 777,110 614, 105 454,419 10,014 13,913 65.2 58.5 81.2 68.5 94.5 91.2 29.2 24.0 Rhode Island 158,287 124, 046 93,074 64,691 2,508 1,353 59.2 51.9 74.4 64. 5 91.6 84.0 23.2 16.5 Connecticut 319, 689 257, 101 202,503 145, 897 4,452 4,537 63.3 56.7 80.9 67.2 94.3 89.9 24.9 20.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,020,393 2, 136, 704 1,611,496 1, 152, 712 39, 307 20,201 61.5 53.9 73.2 60.8 94.4 88.1 27.3 19.4 New Jersey 758, 804 572, 923 459, 147 305, 750 10, 125 3,488 60.5 53.4 74.8 62.5 91.8 84.2 23.7 17.7 Pennsylvania 2,357,807 2,031,171 1,386,004 1, 069, 761 25,234 15, 145 58.8 52.7 66.0 56.9 91.0 83.7 25.6 21.8 East North Central: Ohio 1,405,040 1,338, 345 881, 138 779, 999 10,950 10, 723 62.7 58.3 69.7 59.0 94.3 91,4 32.2 29.5 Indiana 832,200 843, 885 518,312 485, 821 11,430 0,130 62.3 57.6 66. 8 55.3 93.5 90.5 32.8 31.1 Illinois 1,729,929 1,589, 915 1,041,227 866,281 23, 119 13,544 60.2 54.5 67.8 56.9 92.7 83.2 28.3 26.3 Michigan 854, 710 790, 275 558, 126 450, 148 10,800 8,578 65.3 57.7 73.9 60.4 95.5 89.8 33.7 26.6 Wisconsin 782, 789 730,685 503, 375 418,971 11,526 8,053 04.3 57.3 75.4 61.3 93.9 88.4 29.6 24.1 West North Central: Minnesota 693, 788 612, 990 452,077 352,053 10, 790 5,756 65.2 57. 4 67.9 56.9 95.6 89.5 37.7 27.8 Iowa 721,392 707, 870 487, 453 483, 909 11,819 8,709 67.6 63.0 70.9 67.2 94.0 91.0 38.0 34.4 Missouri 1,003,018 1,105,258 653,509 597, 307 12, 403 6,744 61.4 54.0 63.4 50.3 91.6 83.4 35.4 31.3 North Dakota 198,301 112,789 119,006 58, 138 2, 043 710 00.0 51.5 57.6 43.2 90.0 84.3 36.5 28. 4 South Dakota 198, 023 147, 165 124,217 88,514 2, 080 1,307 62.7 60.1 00.3 51.G 92.0 90.5 40.3 39.4 Nebraska 400,452 380,384 269,593 243, 907 0, 230 4, 069 67.3 63.1 73.5 61.4 94.9 91.8 39.8 38.4 Kansas 551,907 527,560 309,579 330,397 8,520 4,957 67.0 62.6 60.6 57.8 95.2 91.1 44.2 41.5 South Atlantic: Delaware Cl, 948 59, 635 35, 703 28,406 027 287 57. 6 47.7 60.3 45.9 88.4 78.8 30.1 22.2 Maryland 415,905 403,026 230, 123 183,399 4,505 2,451 55.3 45.5 60.8 45.1 85.7 70. 0 24.8 18.6 District of Columbia 84, 491 77,291 52, 124 39,027 2,504 877 01.7 50.5 07.4 44.9 93.2 87.5 35.0 27.5 Virginia 750, 782 704, 771 395, 987 297,304 5,709 4,020 52.7 42.2 44.2 33.1 80.5 68.5 35.6 27.3 West Virginia 428, 683 350,471 203, 150 184,294 4,201 2 , no 01.4 51.7 59.5 41.7 90.9 82.1 37.4 34.3 North Carolina 847,886 753, 826 480,528 313,063 8,608 4, 026 57.4 41.5 50.9 30.2 79.8 03.3 43.2 33.1 South Carolina 007,937 560, 773 295,288 174, 681 5,071 2,847 48.0 31.2 42.9 22. G 7i.9 52.1 32.6 20.8 Georgia 998, 715 885, 725 487, 408 310,214 7,373 , 3,374 48.8 35.0 47.8 29.3 72.2 58.2 27.9 19.3 Florida 202, 783 197, COO 130, 733 85,007 2,622 1,019 49.7 43.5 47.0 34.4 73.8 71.1 30.8 27.6 East South Central: Kentucky 812, 192 798,027 465, 705 381,434 7,776 3,800 57.3 47.8 54.1 38.2 84.4 76.8 36.5 30.7 Tennessee 795, 122 780,421 443,411 330,072 7,779 4,845 55.8 43.1 50.0 33.1 81.7 68.4 38.9 30.1 Alabama 811,307 733,222 389,909 230,922 0,870 3,511 48.1 32.3 40.2 20.4 71.7 54.5 ,34.4 24.2 Mississippi 697,559 033,020 401,935 255,245 0, 740 3, 750 57. 0 40.3 56.9 33.5 78.2 61.5 39.0 27.8 West South Central: Arkansas 595,930 529, 375 327,911 227,374 5,884 2,800 55.0 43.0 50.5 32,0 77.8 00.3 39.8 32.5 Louisiana 022,040 538, 267 252, 764 152, 192 4,203 1,527 40. 0 2,8.3 38.1 21.4 02.5 50.5 23.0 14.5 Oklahoma > 011,791 300, 781 388,319 129,015 5, 882 1,527 03.5 42.1 58.0 31.6 91.2 00.9 44.4 29.3 Texas 1,409,983 1,215,034 796, 350 510,439 13,727 5, 105 ,54.2 42.0 43.0 22.0 84.8 77.5 37.2 28.9 Mountain: Montana 100,972 fA, 871 61, 468 38, 177 1,287 433 00. 9 58.0 01. 0 bb. 5 90.3 89.9 37.2 32.3 Idaho 104,409 54,904 67,291 32,711 1,312 370 04. 4 59.5 50.4 50.3 93. 2 90.5 47.2 40.3 Wyoming 38,593 27,500 23, 270 14, 740 475 177 00.3 53.0 02. 4 51.3 91.4 86. 7 35, 5 29.2 Celorado 231,389 100,531 149, 779 95,075 3,033 1,053 04. 7 59.2 (>5. 0 55. 0 93. 1 89.0 40.7 30.9 New Mexico 114,227 09,712 65,808 28,:J36 9(W 330 57. 0 40.6 53. 3 31.7 81.7 (i5. t 40.7 26.1 Arizona 01,034 38,808 30, 701 17,130 585 359 49.9 44. 1 45.9 4(V 1 77. ti 08.9 30.8 20. 4 Utah 1.30, 809 100,513 85, 602 ()4, 017 2,454 908 0.5.4 00.1 00.5 50. 0 95.0 92.2 44. 1 39.9 17,320 11,399 10,308 0,435 249 218 59. 5 50.5 02.8 52.4 90.0 817 ;i4.3 37.2 Pacific: Washington 314,213 1,58,245 190, 781 99,318 4,914 1,413 02. 0 62. 8 61.3 00. 9 94.5 9:i. 0 ;i9.5 37.5 Oregon 187,043 132, 887 118,005 82,2.37 3,404 1,274 03. 1 61.9 01.2 57.9 94.2 92.7 41.2 3S.fi California 592, 107 420,081 30(i, 778 245,058 10,888 by 935 01. 9 58, 0 C5.3 58. 1 93.8 91.1 30. 0 32.5 ' Incliuies population of Iinllan Territory for I'.tOO. ILLITERACY. ILLITERACY. 239 UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. The population schedule for the census of 1910 con- tained two inquiries relating to illiteracy, namely, as to whether the person enumerated was able to read and as to whether he or she was able to write. An- swers to these questions were required only in the case of persons 10 years of age and over. Tlie sta- tistics, unless otherwise more particularly limited, relate to this class of the population. The Bureau of the Census classifies as illiterate any person 10 years of age or over who is unable to wi’ite, regardless of ability to read. A considerable number of persons were reported as able to read, though not able to wi’ite, but the statistics in regard to this class have not seemed of sufficient significance to call for a sepa- rate presentation in a summary of illiteracy statistics. Number of illiterates. — The whole number of persons 10 years of age and over enumerated at the census of 1910 who were reported as unable to write was 5,5 16, 163. The distribution of this number by color or race, nativ- ity, and parentage, together with corresponding figures for the three previous censuses, is given in Table 21. Table 21 ILLITERATE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION. 1910 Number. Per cent of total. 1900 1890 1880 Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par . Foreign bom Negro Indian Chinese Japanese All other 5,616,163 100.0 6,180,069 I 6, 324, 702 6,239,958 3,184,633 1,534,272 1,378,884 155,388 1,650,361 2,227,731 85, 44,7 10,891 6, 213 1,250 57.7 27.8 25.0 2.8 29.9 40.4 1.5 0.2 0.1 3,200,746 1.913,611 1,734,764 178,847 1,287,135 2,853,194 96,347 25,396 4,386 3,212,574 2,065,003 1,890,723 174,280 1,147,571 3,042,668 1 69, 460 3,019,080 2,255,460 763,620 1 3,220,878 I Exclusive of illiterate persons in Indian Territory and on Indian reservations, areas specially enumerated in 1890, but for which illiteracy stetistics are not available. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The whites, who in 1910 constituted 89.3 per cent of the total population 10 years of age and over, con- tributed 57.7 per cent of the illiterates, while the negroes, constituting 10.2 per cent of the total popu- lation 10 years of age and over, contributed 40.4 per cent of the illiterates. Among the remaining classes — the Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and all others — the total number of illiterates was 103,799, or 1.9 per cent of all illiterates reported. The number of illiterates reported in 1910 was con- siderably less than the number reported at any of the three preceding censuses covered by Table 21. Despite the fact of continuous growth in the population of the country, there was comparatively little difference in the number of illiterates reported at the censuses of 1880, 1890, and 1900, the largest number being re- ported in 1890. From 1890 to 1910 the number of illiterate whites gradually decreased, wliile the number of illiterate native whites has shown a decrease at each succeedmg census since 1880, tlie decrease being most marked between 1900 and 1910. On the otlier hand, tlie number of illiterate foreign- born whites steadily increased, rising from 763,620 in 1880 to 1,650,361 in 1910. The number of illiterates among the negroes was decidedly smaller in 1910 tlian in 1890, the first census year at which illiterate negroes were clearly distinguished from all other classes of the population. Percentage of illiteracy. — The significance of the figures relating to illiteracy can best be seen by a com- parison of the number of illiterates with the corre- sponding total population. Table 22 shows the total population 10 years of age and over, and the number and percentage illiterate, by color or race, nativity, and parentage. Table Z2 CLASS OF POPULATION. POPULATION 10 1 Total. ’EARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 Illiterate. Number. Per cent. Total 71,580,270 5,516, 163 7.7 White 63,933,870 3,184,633 5.0 N ative 50,989,341 1 , 534 ; 272 3.0 Native parentage 37,081,278 1,378 884 3.7 Foreign or mixed parentage .... 13 908 063 155, 388 1.1 Foreign bora 12,944,529 1,650,361 12.7 Negro 7,317,922 2,227,731 30.4 Indian 188,758 85,445 45.3 Chinese ' 68,924 10,891 15.8 Japanese 67,661 6,213 9.2 All other 3,135 1,250 39.9 Of the entire population 10 years of age and over in 1910, 7.7 per cent were illiterate. Of the whites 5 per cent were illiterate and of the negroes 30.4 per cent. Among the foreign-born whites 12.7 per cent were illiterate as compared with 3 per cent among the native whites. The lowest percentage of illiteracy, 1.1, was among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, while among the native whites of native parentage the percentage was 3.7. The changes in the percentage of illiteracy in the United States since 1880 are shown for the several classes of the population in Table 23. I Table 23 percentage of illiterates in POPULATION 10 years OP AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 1880 Total 7.7 10.7 13.3 17.0 White o.O G.2 9.4 3.0 4.6 6.2 8.7 3.7 5.7 7.5 1. 1 1.6 2 2 12.7 12.9 13.1 12.0 Negro 30.4 44.5 57.1 1 Indian 46.3 56.2 1 70.0 Chinese 15.8 29.0 1 45.2 Japanese 9.2 39.9 18.2 1 240 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. 'I'lio i)ercenta"c of illiteracy for the j)Oj)ulatiou as a whole declined from 17 in 1880 to 7.7 in 1910. With the exce])tion of the foreign-born whites, each class of the poj)nlation shared in this decline, which was gradual and nninterruj)ted from census to census. In the native white grou[) the j)ercentage of illiteracy in 1910 was less than one-half as high as in 1880, and the same is evidently true of the negroes, who con- stituted much the larger ])art of the total non- white population for which the percentage is shown for 1880. The percentage of illiteracy among the foreign-horn whites increased somewhat between 1880 and 1890, but decreased slightly during the following decades. Illiteracy by sex. — Table 24 gives ior 1910 a state- ment of illiteracy by sex and l)y color or race, nativ- ity, and parentage*. Table 24 POPUL-ATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 Male. Female. CLASS OF POPULATION. Illiterate. Illiterate.' Total. Number. Per cent. Total. N amber. iPer cent. Total .. 37, 027, 558 2,814,950 7.6 34,552,712 2,701,213 7.8 White 33, 164,229 1, 662, 505 5.0 30, 769, 641 1, 522, 128 4.9 Native. 25,843,033 796, 055 3.1 25, 146,308 738,217 2.9 Native parentage Foreign or mi.xed 18,933,751 715,926 3.8 18,147,527 662,958 3.7 parentage 6,909,282 80,129 1.2 6,998, 781 75, 259 1.1 Foreign born 7,321,190 866, 450 11.8 5,623,333 783,911 13.9 Negro 3, 637, 386 1,096, 000 30.1 3, 680, 536 1,131,731 30.7 Indian 96. 582 40, 104 U.5 92. 176 45,341 49.2 Chinese 65,479 9,849 15.0 3, 445 1,042 30.2 Japanese All other 60, 809 5,247 8.6 6, 852 966 14.1 3,073 1,245 40.5 62 5 0) 1 Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. In the total population 10 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy for females was slightly higher than that for males. The percentage for females was greater than that for males among the negroes, Indians, Chmese, and Japanese, the difference bemg especially marked in the case of the last three classes named. Among the whites the percentage of illit- eracy was slightly greater for males than for females. Figures for the component elements of the white group show, however, that among the native born, whether of native or of foreign or mixed parentage, illiteracy was less frequent among females, while among the foreign born the contrary was the case. Illiteracy by age periods. — Table 27 on the next page shows the total population hi the various age groups, with the number and percentage illiterate, classified by sex and by color or race, nativity, and parentage. Table 25 reproduces the more hnportant percentages shown in Table 27. Wliile for the entire jiopulatioii 10 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy was 7.7, it will be noted that in the age group 10 to 14 years only 4.1 per cent were hhterate. Each succeeding age group shows a greater proportion of illiterates, but not until the age group 35 to 44 years is reached does the percentage of illiteracy for a single group become as large as the average for all ages; hi the final age group, 65 yearn and over, however, the proportion of illiteracy was almost double the average for the total population 10 years of age and over. These figures reflect in part the educational conditions under which successive gen- erations have grown up. A particular hiterest attaches to the figures for the younger groups, inasmuch as they hidicate in some degree the efficiency of our present educational system. As hi the population as a whole, so in each of its main classes except the foreign-born whites, the proportion of iUiteracy is larger in each succeeding age group. The maximum percentage of ilhteracy for the foreign-born whites, 15.3, is shown for the age group 20 to 24 years, but in each succeed- ing age group except the last — 65 years and over — the proportion of illiterates for this class was smaller than in the precedmg gi’oup. The fact that immigra- tion in recent years has been drawn more largely than formerly fi'om countries with a high degree of illiter- acy probably accounts for this condition. Table 23 PEECENT.4.GE OF ILLITERATES IN POPITLATION 10 YE.ARS OF AGE AND over: 1910 AGE PERIOD. All classes. White. Negro. Total. Native. For- eign bom. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mi.xed parent- age. 10 years and over. 7.7 5.0 3.0 3.7 1.1 12.7 30.4 10 to 14 years 4.1 1.8 1.7 2.2 0.6 3.5 18.9 15 to 19 years 4.9 2.8 1.9 2.4 0.8 12.8 20.3 20 to 24 years 6.9 4. 6 2.3 2.8 0.9 15.3 23.9 25 to 34 years 7.3 5.2 2.4 3.0 0.9 14.4 24.6 35 to 44 years 8.1 5.4 3.0 3.8 1.1 12.3 32.3 45 to 64 years 10.7 6.7 5.0 6.0 1.9 11.1 52.7 65 years and over 14.5 9.4 7.3 7.6 4.7 13.8 74. 5 Illiteracy in the urban and the rural population. — The proportion of ilhteracy is higher in the rural than in the urban population. Table 26 shows the percent- age of illiteracy for the urban and the rural population in 1910, classified by color or race, nativity, and par- entage. (For absolute numbers see Table 32 on a subsequent page.) Table *46 PERCENTAGE OF ILLITERATES IN POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND over: 1910. CLASS OF POPUL.ATION. Total. Urban. Rural. Total 7.7 5.1 10.1 White ■5.0 4.2 5.8 Native 3.0 0.8 4.8 Native parentage 3.7 0.9 5.4 Foreign or mixed parentage 1.1 0.7 1.0 Foreign born 12.7 12.6 13.2 30.4 17.6 36.1 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 31.6 11.0 40.0 ILLITERACY 241 ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [I’cr cent not shown where base Is loss than 100.] Table Z7. CLASS OF POPULATION. POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AGE AND over: 1910' POPULATION 10 YEARS OP AGE AND over; 1900 • PER.SONS 10 TO 14 YEARS OP age: 1910 Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Number. I’er cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Total population 71,580,270 5,516,163 7.7 57,949,824 6,180,069 10.7 9,107,140 370, 136 4.1 Male 37, 027, 558 2, 814, 950 7.6 29. 703, 440 3, Oil, 224 10.1 4, 601, 753 211, 763 4.6 Female 34, 552,712 2, 701, 213 7.8 28, 246, 384 3, 168, 845 11.2 4, 505, 387 158, 373 3.5 White 63, 933, 870 3, 184, 633 5.0 51,250,918 3,200,746 6.2 7,918,408 144, 675 1.8 Male 33, 164,229 1, 662, 505 5.0 26,327,931 1,567, 153 6.0 4, 006, 104 82,569 2.1 Female 30,769,641 1,522,128 4.9 24, 922, 987 1, 633, 593 6.6 3,912,304 62,106 1.6 Negro 7,317,922 2,227, 731 30.4 6,415,581 2, 853, 194 44.5 1, 155, 266 218,555 18.9 Male 3,637,386 1,096,000 30. 1 3, 181,650 1,371,432 43. 1 678, 074 125,616 21.7 Female 3, 680, 536 1,131,731 30.7 3,233,931 1,481,762 45.8 577, 192 92, 939 16.1 Indian 188, 758 85, 445 45.3 171,552 96,347 56.2 31,393 6, 798 21.7 Male 96,582 40, 104 41.5 86,504 45,376 52.5 16,199 3,523 21 7 Female 92, 176 45, 341 49.2 85,048 50, 971 59.9 15, 194 3,275 21.6 Chinese 68,924 10,891 15.8 87,682 25,396 29.0 1,575 87 5.5 Male 65,479 9,849 15.0 84, 141 23,052 27.4 1,085 44 4.1 Female ■. 3,445 1,042 30.2 3,541 2,344 66.2 490 43 8.8 Japanese 67, 661 6,213 9.2 24,091 4,386 18.2 477 20 4.2 Male 60,809 5,247 8.6 23,214 4,211 18.1 273 10 3.7 Female 6,852 966 14.1 877 175 20.0 204 10 4.9 Native white 50,989,341 1,534,272 3.0 41, 236, 662 1,913,611 4.6 7,560,078 131, 991 1.7 Male 25,843,033 796,055 3.1 20,912,940 955,517 4.6 3,824,801 76, 359 2.0 Female 25, 146, 308 738, 217 2.9 20,323,722 958,094 4.7 3,735,277 55,632 1.5 Native parentage 37,081,278 1,378,884 3.7 30,310,261 1, 734, 764 5.7 5,324, 283 117, 973 2.2 Male 18, 933, 751 715, 926 3.8 15, 452, 855 862, 175 5.6 2, 700, 656 69,087 2.6 Female 18, 147, 527 662, 958 3.7 14,857,406 872, 589 5.9 2, 623, 627 48, 886 1.9 Foreim or mixed parentage Male 13,908,063 155,388 1.1 10,926,401 178, 847 1.6 2,235, 795 14,018 0.6 6,909,282 80, 129 1.2 5, 460, 085 93, 342 1.7 1, 124, 145 7, 272 0.6 Female 6,998,781 75,259 1.1 5, 466, 316 85,505 1.6 1,111,650 6,746 0.6 Foreign-bom white 12,944,529 1,650,361 12.7 10,014,256 1, 287, 135 12.9 358,330 12,684 3.5 Male 7,321, 196 866, 450 11.8 5,414,991 611,636 11.3 181,303 6,210 3.4 Female 5,623,333 783, 911 13.9 4,599, 265 675, 499 14.7 177,027 6,474 3.7 Table 27— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION. PERSONS 15 TO 19 YEARS OP AGE: 1910 PERSONS 20 TO 24 YEARS OP AGE: 1910 PERSONS 25 TO 34 YEARS OP AGE: 1910 Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Total population 9,063,603 448,414 4.9 9,056,984 622,073 6.9 15, 152, 188 1,102,384 7.3 Male 4, 527,282 262,770 5.8 4, 580, 290 343, 450 7.5 7, 901, 116 597, 657 7.6 Female 4, 536, 321 185, 644 4.1 4, 476, 694 278, 623 6.2 7,251,072 504, 727 7.0 White 7,968,391 226, 432 2.8 7,986r411 367, 669 4.6 13,524,412 702,962 5.2 Male 3, 999, 143 132,616 3.3 4, 070, 955 211,861 5.2 7, 089, 393 403,285 5.7 Female 3,969,248 93,816 2.4 3; 915; 456 155, 808 4.0 6, 435, 019 299,677 4.7 1,060,416 214, 860 20.3 1,030, 795 245, 860 23. 9 1,549,316 380, 742 24.6 "Male '507; 945 126, 459 24.9 482, 157 126,970 26.3 753,968 183, 993 24.4 Female 552,471 88,401 16.0 548, 638 118, 890 21.7 795,348 196, 749 24.7 Indian 28, 486 6,513 22.9 21,844 6,756 30.9 33,380 13, 692 41.0 Male 14,612 3, 169 21.7 11,265 3, 138 27.9 16,993 6,184 36.4 Female 13, 874 3,344 24.1 10,579 3,618 34.2 16,387 7,508 45.8 Chinese .3,439 303 8.8 4,451 559 , 12.6 10,551 1,5.34 14.5 Male 3, 059 258 8.4 3, 979 425 10.7 9, 708 1,241 12.8 Female 380 45 11.8 472 134 28.4 843 293 34.8 Japanese 2, 674 228 8.5 12,914 1,026 7.9 33, 182 2,925 8.8 Male 2,328 190 8.2 11,375 855 7.5 29, 731 2,427 8.2 Female 346 38 11.0 1,539 171 11.1 3,451 498 14.4 Native white 7,294,630 140,323 1.9 6,556,030 148,541 2.3 10,356,001 247, 774 2.4 Male 3,647,389 85,510 2.3 3,247,035 84,586 2.6 5,210,149 136,583 2.6 Female 3,647,241 54, 813 1.5 3,308,995 63,955 1.9 6, 145,852 111, 191 2.2 Native parentage 5,089,055 121,878 2.4 4, 682, 922 130,991 2.8 7, 450, 675 220, 797 3.0 Male 2,552,528 75,394 3.0 2,332,914 75, 193 3.2 3, 788, 166 121,983 3.2 Female 2,536,527 46, 484 1.8 2,350,008 55,798 2.4 3, 662, 509 98, 814 2.7 Foreim or mixed parentage 2,205,575 18,445 0.8 1,873, 108 17,550 0.9 2,905,326 26, 977 0.9 Male 1,094,861 10, 116 0.9 914, 121 9,393 1.0 1,421,983 14,600 1.0 Female 1,110,714 8,329 0.7 958, 987 8, 157 0.9 1,483,343 12,377 0.8 Foreim-born white 673, 761 86, 109 12.8 1,4.30,381 219, 128 15.3 3, 168,411 455, 188 14.4 Male 351,754 47, 106 13.4 823,920 127,275 15.4 1,879,244 266, 702 14.2 Female 322,007 39,003 12.1 606, 461 91, 853 15. 1 1,289, 167 188, 486 14.6 72497°— 13- -16 ‘ Includes the small group “Age unknown,” statistics for which are not shown separately. 242 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, FOR THE UNITED STATES; MHO AND 1900— (Jontd Tal>l4« 27— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION. PEllSONS 3 j to ‘I'l YK.Mt.S OF AGE: lino PER.SON.S 45 TO 64 YEARS OF AGE: 1»I« PERSONS 65 YEARS OF AGE AND over: 1910 Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Total. Illiterate. Number. Ter cent. Number. Ter cent. Number. Per cent. Total population. 11,657,687 940,510 8.1. 13,424,089 1.436,907 10.7 3,949,524 573,799 14.5 Male . 6,153,366 466,287 7.6 7,163,332 672, 684 9.4 1,985,976 248, 875 12.5 Female 5,504,321 474, 223 8.6 6,260,757 764, 223 12.2 1,963, 548 324,924 16.5 AVhite 10, .512, 117 569, 403 5.4 12, 249, 904 821,957 6.7 3. 640, 003 :i42. 420 9.4 Male 5,. 561, 221 303, 719 5. 5 6, 518, 282 387,641 .5.9 1,825,019 135, 102 7.4 Female 4,950,896 265, 684 5. 1 5, 731, 622 4 : 54,316 7.6 1.814,984 207,318 11.4 1.088,862 32. 3 1. 108, 103 ."i84 514 DQ4 VM “Male 550, 130 152. 132 27.7 595, 554 267, 588 44.9 152 ! 482 1071877 76 ! 7 Female 538, 732 199, 726 37. 1 512,549 316, 926 61.8 141.642 111,378 78.6 Indian 26, 795 15,291 57. ! 32.925 24,397 74. 1 12. 986 11,372 87.6 Male 13,847 6.951 50.2 17, 055 11,679 68.0 6. 1.30 5, 178 84. 5 Female 12,948 8,340 64.4 15, 870 12,718 80. 1 6,856 6,194 90.3 Chine,<;e 15,402 2.205 14. 3 29, M7 5,436 IS. 3 2,330 717 :i0.8 Male 14,748 1,948 13.2 29,113 5. 203 17.9 2,268 683 30.1 Female 654 257 39.3 534 233 43 6 go 34 Japanese 13. 945 1,493 10. 7 3,219 451 14 0 40 10 12.865 1.277 9. 9 3,045 AOO 13.9 38 10 Female 1,080 216 20.0 ■ 174 29 16.7 2 Native white 7. SOO, 549 235, 489 3.0 8,857.386 446. 855 5.0 2 , 456, 654 179,219 7.3 Male 3,997,695 120, 488 3.0 4,623,547 217,383 4. 7 1,218,011 73,0;J5 6.0 Female 3,802.854 115,001 3. 0 4,233,839 229, 472 5.4 1,238.643 106, 184 8.6 Native parentage 5, 495, 766 210, 694 3.8 6, 740, (»0 405, 784 6.0 2,201,068 167,099 7.6 Male 2, 854,044 107, 355 3.S 3,547,325 197, 2.58 5.6 1,089,349 67, 752 6.2 Female 2, 6tl, 722 103, 339 3.9 3, 192, 675 208,526 6.5 1,111,719 99,347 8.9 Foreign or mixed parentage 2,3(M,783 24, 795 1. I 2,117,386 41,071 1.9 255, ,586 12,120 4.7 .Male 1. 143,651 13, 133 I. 1 1,076,222 20. 125 1.9 128, 662 5,283 4. 1 Female 1,161, 1.32 11,662 1.0 1,041,164 20, 946 2.0 126,924 6,837 5.4 Foreign-bom white 2.711,568 .333.914 12.3 3,392,518 375, 102 11. 1 1, 183, .349 163,201 1,3.8 Male 1. 56.3, 526 183. 231 11.7 1,894,7:55 170.2.58 9.0 607,008 62.067 10.2 Female 1,148,042 150, 683 13. 1 1.497,783 204. 844 13.7 576. ;341 101, 134 17.5 Wliile in the whole urban j) 0 })ulation 10 years of age and over in 1910, 5.1 per cent were illiterate, in the rural population the percentage Avas 10.1, or almost double. The contrast between urban and rural illiteracy is bj^ far the greatest in the case of the native whites of native parentage, of whom less than 1 per cent were illiterate in urban communi- ties and over 5 per cent in rural districts. There was also a much higher percentage of illiterac}^ among the negroes in rural districts than m urban communities. The differences here observed between the per- centages of illiteracy in the urban and the rural population explain in part the «lifferences in the j>ro- portion of illiteracy among the different classes of the ])opulation as a whole. Because of the high proportion of the native whites of natiA^e parentag(5 and of the negroes living in rural districts, the per- centage of illiteracy for each of these two classes as a whole approaches the perccTitage indicated for that portion of the class liAAing in the rural districts. On the other hand, the native Avhites of foreign or of mixed parentage are largely city dwellers, and their general percentage apjAroaches the urban percentage more closely than the rui’al. It may be noted that the considerable diA^ergence be- tween the native Avhites of native parentage and those of foreign or mixed parentage almost disappears Avhen the figures for the two classes are compared for urban communities. Further light uj)on the differences among the A^arious classes can be gained from a study of the geograjAhic distribution of illiteracy. DIVISIONS AND STATES. The signilicance of the number of illiterates can be seen most clearly Avdien a comparison is made with the aggregate population in Avhich the illiterates are con- tained. It has seemed advisable in some cases, how- ever, to give the number and percentage of illiterates Avithout the aggregate jAopulation on Avhich the per- centage is based, it being understood that the figures representing the total population in any age group may be found in Cha])ter 3, relating to age. The impor- tance, however, for the study of illiteracy, of the pop- ulation 10 years of age and over makes it desirable to jAi’int here for convenience of reference the sta- tistics of this population classitied according to sex and color or race, natiAuty, and ])arentage,for divisions and states (Tal»le 29, jAage 244). ILLITERA(JY. 243 Percentage of illiteracy. — Table 30 (page 247) gives l)y divisions and states for 1910 and 1900 the number and percentage illiterate, -with separate fig- ures for the most important of the color or race, nativity, and parentage classes. Table 28 presents in more compact form the percentages alone for the divisions, and for the larger sect ions of the country — the North, the South, and the West, which comprise respectively the first four, the next three, and the last two divisions. Table 28 PERCENTAGE OF ILUTERATES IN POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 DIVISION AND SECTION All classes. Native white. Native ! Foreign parenia^e. parentage. Foreign- born white. Negro. 1910 1900 1910 1900^ 1910 1900 1910' 1900 1 1910 1900 TTnlted States... 7.7 10.7 3. 7 5. 7 ! 1.1 1.6 12,7 12.9 30.4 44.5 New England 5. 3 6.0 0. 71 0. 9 1.3 2.1 13.8 16.2 7.8 11.6 Middle Atlantic 5.7 5.8 1.2, 2.0; 0.8 1.2 15.8 15.8 7.9 14.2 East North Central 3.1 4.3 1.7 2.8 0.9 1.4 10.1 10.2 11.0 18.5 West North Central 2.9 4.1 1.71 2.9 0.7 1.1 7.6 8.0 14.9 25.4 South Atlantic IG.O 2:j.9 8 . 0 i 12 . 0 ' 1.2 2.1 13.5 12.9 32.5 47.1 East South Central 17.1 24.9 9.6i 13. (jt 1.7 2.6 9.7 10.4 34.8 49.2 West South Central 13.2 20.5 5 . G| 9. 2 ! 7. 7 9.1 25.6 27.2 33. 1 48.0 Mountain 6,9 9.0 3.6 7.1 1.2 1.9 12.5 10.6 8.0 13.5 Pacific 3.0 1.2 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 8.0 7.3 6.3 12.7 The North 4.3 5.0 1 . 4 : 2.4’ 0.9 1.4 12.7 12.8 10.5 18.2 The South 15.0 23.3 7.7i 11.8' 4.3 5. 1 18.8 19.1 33.3 48.0 The West 1.4 6.3 1 . 7 ! 3.4 0.8 1.3 9.5 8.5 7.0 13.1 In the total population 1 0 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy in 1910 was practically the same in the North and the West, but it was much greater in the South. The division showing the lowest proportion of illiterates Avas the West North Central, where only 2.9 per cent of the population 10 years of age and over were reported as illiterate, while the high- est proportion, 17.4, was reported for the East South Central division. In the North the percentage of illiteracy was somewhat higher in the Middle Atlantic and New England divisions, Avhere the foreign born are more numerous, than in the two central divisions. The percentage of illiteracy was decidedly higher in the Mountain division than in the Pacific, but it should be noted that this higher percentage is mainly due to j exceptionally high percentages in two states — New j Mexico and Arizona. i In all divisions the percentage of illiteracy for native whites of native parentage was lower than that for the total population. The lowest percentage of illiteracy in this class in any division was in the Pacific, where only 0.4 ])er cent were re])orted as illiterate, and the highest percentage, 9.0, in the East South Central. The projiort ion of illiterates among the native whites of native parentage was considerably lower in New England than in the other divisions of the North. Among the native whites of foreign or mixed par- entage the percentage of illiteracy was very small, fall- ing below 2 in all divisions except the West South Cen- tral. In the last-named division illiterates formed 7.7 per cent of the population of this class 10 years of age and over, this high figure being mainly due, however, to the exceptionally high percentage in the state of Texas. The })roportion of illiterates among the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage was less than among those of native parentage in all of the divisions except the West South Central, New England, and Pacific. The highest percentage of illiteracy among the for- eisrn-born whites was in the West South Central divi- sion and the lowest in the West North Central. Of the divisions where the foreign-born whites are numerous, the Middle Atlantic shows the highest percentage of illiteracy for this class and New England the next highest. The percentage of illiteracy among the negroes was highest, 34.8, in the East South Centred division. In the South as a whole in 1910 one-third of the negroes were illiterate. In the North, where the negroes are comparatively few, the percentage of illiteracy was 10.5, and in the West, where their numbers are insignificant, the percentage of illiteracy was only 7. Comparing the figures for 1910 and 1900, it will be noted that, for the population as a whole and for both native white groups and for the negroes, the percentage of illiteracy was less in every division in 1910 than in 1900; considerably less, except for the population as a whole, in the Middle Atlantic division, where the figures were affected by a rather large increase in the pro- portion of foreign born in the total population. The decline in the proportion of illiterates among the negroes for the South as a whole, from nearly one-half in 1900 to one-third in 1910, is particular^ conspicuous. The percentages of illiterates in the several states among the different population classes conform in the main to those of the division in Avhich the state is located. The figures showing the number and per cent of illiterates in each class by states are given in Table 30, page 245, and are graphically illustrated by the maps on pages 246 and 247. 244 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 12 !) TOTAL. Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other: 1910 NATIVE WHITE. Foreign- born white: lUlU PIVISION AND ST\TI-:. I»I0 UHM) Male: 1910 Female: 1910 White: 1910 Negro: 1910 Native parentage: 1910 Foreign or mixed parentage: 1910 United States 71,580,270 67,949,824 37,027,558 34,552,712 63,933,870 7,317,922 328,478 37,081,278 13,908,063 12,944,529 OEOaUAI’IIIC DIVISION.S: New England 5,330,914 4,524,602 2,049,897 2,681,017 5,270,232 55,321 5,361 2,135,801 1, 377, 187 1,757,244 Middle Atlantic 15,4411,515 12, 167,559 7, 863, 584 7,582,931 15,079,257 351, 546 1.5, 712 6,565,900 3,851,367 4,661,990 F.ast North Central 14,508,949 12,443, 302 7,529,708 7,039, 181 14,297,054 254,545 17,350 7,370,025 3,941,206 2,985,823 West North Central 9,097,311 7,838,504 4, 807, 164 4,290, 147 8,860,838 203,041 32,832 4, 798, 510 2, 482, 634 1,579,694 feonth Atlantic 9,012,820 7,010,159 4,528,942 4,483,884 0,018,022 2,986,930 7,808 5,397, 804 339,771 280,387 East South Central 6, 178,578 5,474,227 3,110,286 3,002,292 4,215,494 1,900,898 2, 186 3,945,830 184, 771 84, 893 West South Central 6,394,043 4,649,988 3,334,078 3,059,905 4, 881,289 1, 460, 705 52,049 4,101,510 449,348 330,431 Mountain 2,054,249 1,270,070 1,185,047 809,202 1,905,050 18, 755 09,838 1,081,180 401, 408 423,068 Pacific 3, 496, 885 1,959,347 2,012,792 1,4,84,093 3,346,028 25,575 125,282 1,084,058 820,371 840,999 New England: Maine 003,893 565,440 307,375 296,518 601,890 1, 166 837 400,951 89,603 105,336 New Hampshire 354, 118 337,893 178, 151 175,907 353,543 480 95 193,583 66,984 92,976 Vermont 289, 128 278,943 148, 686 140,442 287, 053 1,440 29 183,292 56,707 47,654 Massachusetts 2,742,084 2,207,048 1,340,517 1,402, 107 2,707,729 31,718 3,237 900,749 786,386 1,020,594 Rhode Island 440,065 344,824 219,221 220,844 431,032 7,913 520 129,279 130, 449 171,904 Connecticut 901,020 730, 454 455,947 445,079 887,785 12,598 043 321,947 247,058 318,780 Middle Atlantic: New York 7,410,819 5,801,082 3,727,218 3, 683, 601 7,284,110 115,843 10,800 2,539,893 2, 109, 039 2,634,578 New Jersey 2,027,940 1,480, 498 1,029,049 998, 297 1,951,911 74,577 1,458 788,065 526,998 036,848 Pennsylvania 6,007,750 4,885,379 3, 106,717 2,901,033 5,843,236 101, 120 3,388 3,237,942 1,214,730 1,390,564 East North Central; Ohio 3,848, 747 3,289,921 1,970,027 1,878, 720 3,754,104 93,910 733 2,352,681 822, 149 579,274 Indisma 2, 100,405 1,968,215 1; lOS, 707 1,051,038 2, 109,222 50, 650 533 1,654,670 298,956 155,596 Illinois 4,493,734 3, 727, 745 2,333,230 2, 160,504 4,398,331 92, 928 2,475 1,941,879 1,287,893 1,168,559 Michigan 2,230,252 1,896,265 1,163,835 1,072,417 2,215,706 14,557 5,989 919,837 710,066 579, 803 Wisconsin 1,829,811 1,561,156 953,909 875, 902 1,819,091 2,500 7,620 500,958 816, 142 502,591 West North Central: Minnesota 1, 028, 035 1,305,057 882,046 740, 589 1,615,427 6, 360 0,842 389, 726 091, 780 533,915 Iowa 1,760,286 1,711,789 912, 728 847,558 1,747,403 12,380 503 902, 435 515, 722 269,246 Missouri 2,594,000 2,371,865 1,334,851 1,259,749 2,401,353 132, 385 862 1,792,819 444,956 223,578 North Dakota. , 424, 730 229, 101 240,058 184,072 419, 432 54C 4,752 108, 422 160,559 150,451 South Dakota 443,460 294,304 245,991 197, 475 428,265 697 14,504 170,391 159,540 98,334 Nebraska 924, 032 799, 755 491,700 432,320 913,984 0,725 3,323 465, 425 270,062 172,497 Kansas 1,321,502 1,126,033 699, 184 022,378 1,274,974 44,542 2,040 909,292 234,009 131,673 South Atlantic: Delaware 103,080 145,500 83,787 79,293 138,2r>5 24, 777 38 102,321 19,004 10, 940 Maryland 1,023,950 920, 715 507, 421 516,529 843,047 180,454 449 590, 715 151,381 100, 951 District of Columbia 279,088 231, 837 131,983 147, 105 198, 658 79,904 466 136,907 37,996 23, 755 Virginia 1,530,297 1,364,501 770,504 765, 793 1,039,333 490, 418 540 985,058 28,636 25,039 West Virginia 903,822 701,646 483,221 420, 601 852,778 50,925 119 756, 184 41,948 54,046 North Carolina 1,578,595 1,340,734 781,434 797, 101 1,082,797 490, 395 5,403 1,070,405 6,058 5,734 South Carolina 1,078,101 942,402 531, 092 546, 469 493, 820 ,584,064 277 478, 726 9,183 5,911 Georgia 1,885,111 1,577,334 9;19, 791 945,320 1,038,626 ,846, 195 290 1,003,230 20, 740 14,056 Florida 564,722 385, 490 299, 109 265, 613 330, 098 233,744 280 274,318 24,225 32, 155 East South Central: Kentucky 1, 722, 044 1,589,085 874,306 .848, 338 1,512,39.8 210,028 218 1,300,814 112,013 39, 571 Termessee 1,621, 179 1,480,948 817,174 .804, 005 1,200,304 300, 063 212 1,210,010 32,303 17,985 Alabama 1,541,575 1,304,703 773,415 708, 160 878,570 602,350 649 835,092 24,587 18,291 Mississippi 1,293,180 1,098,891 651,391 041,789 504,222 727, 851 1,107 539, 308 15,868 9,040 West South Central: Arkansas 1, 134, 087 934,332 5.88, 133 545, 954 800, 683 327,009 395 701,189 29,040 16, 4,54 Louisiana 1,213,576 990, 3M 612, .534 601,042 686,979 525, 450 1,147 545, 098 90,948 50,333 Oklahoma > 1, 197, 470 561,379 648, 116 549,300 1,047,254 101, 157 49, 0(>5 934, 912 73,278 39,064 Texas 2,848,9(H 2, 103,913 1,4.8.5,295 1,303,009 2,340,373 507,0.89 1,442 1,859,711 250,0.82 224, 580 Mountain: Montana 303,551 191,590 190,203 113,288 291,125 1,033 10, 793 124, 708 70,901 89,456 Idaho 249, 018 119, 837 140,783 102,235 243, .544 578 4,890 14.5,414 58,5ll 39,619 Wyoming 117,5^5 72,002 77,260 40, ,325 112,567 2,024 2,994 02,033 24, 1.53 26,381 Colorado 040, 840 425, 424 350,084 290, 162 027, 167 9,990 3,089 369,050 135, as5 123, 026 New Mexico 240,990 141,282 131,828 109, 162 225,048 1,344 14,598 185,205 IS, 008 21,235 Arizona 157, 059 94, 147 94, 812 02, 847 133, 843 1,691 22, 125 61,9.83 2.8, 136 43, 724 Utah 274, 778 196, 709 147,009 127,709 209,016 1,020 4,736 104,565 102,011 61,. 840 Nevada 09,822 34,959 46, 408 23,414 03,340 4(19 0,007 28, 150 17,403 17, 787 Pacific; Washington 9:13, 556 408,437 652, 580 3,80,970 904,957 5,517 23,082 4.59, 716 210,313 234,928 Oregon 555,631 328, 799 324,717 2.30,914 539,013 1,359 14,059 331,492 107,302 100, 759 California 2,007,098 1,222,111 1,1.35,489 872, 209 1,901,458 18, 699 87,541 893, 4.50 502, 696 505,312 ‘ IncliKios population of Iiullau Territory for ]9(K). ILLITE]{A('Y. 245 ILLITERATES IN THE rOPELATTON 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. 1\Y DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1910 AND 1900. Tublo »0 NATIVE WHITE. DIVISION AND STATE. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. lillU 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1»10 1000 Num- Per Num- Per N inn- Per Num- J*er Num- Per Num- I'er Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per her. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. United States. . 6.516,163 7.7 6,180,069 10.7 1,378,884 3.7 1, 734, 764 5.7 155.388 1.1 178,847 1.6 1,650,361 12.7 1,287,135 12.9 2,227,731 30.4 2,863,104 44.6 Geographic divs .: New England... 280,806 5.3 272,402 6.0 15,551 0.7 19,262 0.9 17,606 1.3 21,037 2.1 242,513 13.8 224,988 16.2 4,341 7.8 5, 681 11.6 Middle Atlantic. 873,812 5.7 704, 134 5.8 75,908 1.2 114,083 2.0 -32,343 0.8 37, 670 1.2 735, 244 15.8 509,430 15.8 27,811 7.9 38, 594 14.2 E. North Central 491,850 3.4 534,299 4.3 122,256 1.7 178, 076 2.8 35,809 0.9 47, 182 1.4 300,613 10.1 203, 677 10.2 28,071 11.0 39,280 18. 5 W. North Central 263, 138 2.9 324, 023 4.1 81,362 1 7 117,339 2.9 17,661 0.7 21,075 1.1 120,573 7.6 120,299 8.0 30, 436 14.9 48,034 25.4 South Atlantic. . 1,444,294 10.0 1,821,346 23.9 429, 018 8.0 535, 163 12.0 4, 191 1.2 6,367 2.1 37,9.34 13.5 26,437 12.9 909, 432 32.5 1,250,279 47. 1 E. South Central 1,072, 100 17.4 1,364,935 24.9 378,088 9.6 461,375 13.6 3, 142 1.7 4,953 2.6 8,215 9.7 9,253 10.4 681,507 34.8 887, 838 49.2 W. South Central 845, 004 13.2 953,644 20.5 229, 807 5.6 258, 017 9.2 34, 737 7.7 30, 622 9.1 84,674 25.6 69,086 27.2 483,022 33.1 579, 489 48.0 Mountain 140, 737 0.9 122, 901 9.6 39,253 3.6 43, 743 7.1 5,754 1.2 5, 773 1.9 52,950 12. 5 j 29,939 10.6 1,497 8.0 1,840 13. A Pacific 103,822 3.0 82,385 4.2 7,041 0.4 7,706 0.8 4, 145 0.5 4, 168 0.9 67, M5 8.0 34,020 7.3 1,614 6.3 1,559 12.7 New England : Maine 24,554 4.1 29,000 5.1 5, 776 1.4 6,880 1.7 4,048 4.5 4,514 6.7 14,394 13.7 17, 195 19.4 93 8.0 155 14.2: Now Hampshire 16,386 4.6 21,075 6.2 1,462 0.8 2,085 1.0 1,377 2.1 1,755 3.7 13,485 14.5 17, 126 20.5 51 10.6 70 11.9 Vermont 10,806 3.7 16,247 5.8 2,234 1.2 3,231 1.8 2,261 4.0 3,703 6.8 6,239 13.1 9,205 21.4 69 4.8 99 14.6 Massachusetts... 141,541 5.2 134,043 5.9 3,428 0.4 3,912 0.5 5,735 0.7 6,827 1.2 129, 412 12.7 119,582 14.6 2,584 8.1 2,853 10.7 Rhode Island. . . 33,854 7.7 29,004 8.4 944 0.7 1,196 1.0 2,309 1.8 2,518 2.8 29,781 17.3 24, 157 18.7 752 9.5 1,063 14.1 Connecticut 53,065 6.0 42,973 5.9 1,707 0.5 1,958 0.6 1,876 0.8 1,720 0.9 49, 202 15.4 37, 723 16.3 792 6.3 1,441 11.5 Middle Atlantic : New York 400,020 5.0 318, 100 5.5 21,292 0.8 ' 29, 188 1.3 15,026 0.7 18, 162 1.1 362,025 13.7 258,423 14.0 5,768 5.0 9, 180 10.8 New Jersey 113,502 5.6 80,658 5.9 8,502 1.1 13,511 2.1 3,691 0.7 3,520 1.0 93,551 14.7 59,307 14.1 7,405 9.9 9,882 17.2 Pennsylvania... .354,290 5.9 299,376 6.1 46,054 1.4 71,384 2.5 13,626 1.1 15,988 1.6 279, 668 20.1 191, 706 19.9 14, 638 9.1 19,532 15.1 E. N. Central : Ohio 124, 774 3.2 131,541 4.0 39, 807 1.7 50, 416 2.8 7, 503 0.9 10, 739 1.4 66,887 11.5 50, 155 11.1 10,460 11. 1 14, 107 17.8 Indiana 00,213 3.1 90,539 4.0 36,829 2.2 57, 137 3.9 4, 126 1.4 6,663 2.2 18,200 11.7 16,059 11.4 6,959 13.7 10,594 22.6 Illinois 168,294 3.7 157,958 4.2 32, 836 1.7 48,680 2.9 7,650 0.6 9,357 0.9 117,751 10.1 86,608 9.1 9,713 10.5 12,903 18.1 Michigan 74,800! 3.3 80,482 4.2 9,501 1.0 12, 154 1.5 8,285 1.2 10,123 1.8 54,113 9.3 54,399 10.3 826 5.7 1,426 10.9 Wisconsin 57, 769 3.2 73, 779 4.7 3,223 0.6 3,689 1.0 8,245 1.0 10,300 1.5 43, 662 8.7 56,396 11.1 113 4.5 250 11.4 W. N. Central : Minnesota 49,336 3.0 52, 946 4.1 1,536 0.4 1,556 0.5 4,302 0.6 4, 782 0.9 40,627 7.6 42, 142 8.4 215 3.4 337 7. 9 Iowa 29,889 1.7 40,172 2.3 8,391 0.9 12,494 1.4 3, 150 0.6 4,028 0.8 16, 894 6.3 21,431 7.1 1,272 10.3 1,962 18.5 Missouri 111,116 4.3 1.52,844 6.4 60,070 3.4 89,203 5.6 5,172 1.2 7,202 1.7 22,631 10.1 19,944 9.3 23,062 17.4 36,390 28.1 North Dakota.. . 13,070 3.1 12,719 5.6 349 0.3 279 0.6 1,004 0.7 784 1.1 9,474 6.3 8, 432 7.8 26 4.8 31 12.8 South Dakota. . . 12, 750 2.9 14,832 5.0 556 0.3 432 0.5 683 0.4 772 0.8 4,896 5.0 5,835 6.7 38 5.5 . 51 13.3 Nebra.ska 18,009 1.9 17,997 2.3 2, 787 0.6 3,311 0.8 1,491 0.5 1,40C 0.7 12,264 7. 1 11,911 0.8 482 7.2 033 11.8 Kansas 28,968 2.2 32,513 2.9 7,673 0.8 10,064 1.3 1,799 0.8 2, 101 1.0 13, 787 10.5 10,604 8.5 5,341 12.0 9,230 22.3 South Atlantic : Delaware 13,240 8.1 17,531 12.0 3,362 3.3 5,840 6.3 163 0.9 232 1.4 3,359 19.8 2, 476 18.3 6,345 25.6 8, 967 38.1 Maryland 73,397 7.2 101, 947 11.1 17,464 3.0 23, 837 4.7 1,488 1.0 2,595 1.9 12,047 11.9 12,202 13.4 42,289 23.4 63,033 35.1 Dist. of Columbia 13,812 4.9 20,028 8.6 797 0.6 975 0.9 163 0.4 163 0.5 1,944 8.2 1,342 7.0 10, 814 13.5 17,402 24. 3t Virginia 232,91] 15.2 312, 120 22.9 81, 105 8.2 95,5&3 11.4 352 1.2 534 2.1 2,368 9.2 2,043 10.9 148,950 30.0 213, 830 44.6. West Virginia. . . 74, 860 8.3 80, 105 11.4 50,580 6.7 63,008 10.4 827 2.0 1,273 3.2 13,075 23.9 4,730 21.5 10,347 20.3 11,083 32.3 North Carolina.. 291, 497 18.5 386,251 28.7 131,992 12.3 175,325 19.6 197 3.0 320 5.1 477 8.3 262 6.1 150, 303 31.9 208, 132 47.6 South Carolina. . 276,980 25.7 338, 059 35.9 50,112 10.5 54, 177 13.9 133 1.4 198 2.1 399 6.8 344 6.5 226,242 38.7 283, 883 52.8 Georgia 389, 775 20.7 480, 420 30.5 79, 875 8.0 99, 948 12.2 328 l.G 4S3 2.5 875 6.0 833 7.0 308,639 36.5 379, 067 52.4 Florida 77, 816 13.8 84, 285 21.9 14,331 5.2 10, 470 9.0 540 2.2 5G9 3.6 3,390 10.5 2, 145 11.6 59,503 25.5 64, 816 38.4 E. S. Central : Kentucky 208,084 12.1 202,954 16.5 145, 156 10.7 106, 822 13.9 1, 641 1.5 2,502 2.1 3,300 8.3 5,444 10.9 57,900 27. 6 88, 137 40. 1 Tennessee. 221,071 13.6 306,930 20.7 120, 384 9.9 150, 342 14.5 582 1.8 1,054 3.2 1,488 8.3 1,090 9.7 98,541 27.3 147, 784 41.0 Alabama 352,710 22.9 443,590 34.0 84,204 10.1 102, 779 15.2 564 2.3 791 3.5 2,063 11.3 1,313 9.3 265, 628 40.1 338, 605 57.4 Mississippi 290, 235 22.4 351,461 32.0 28,344 5.3 35,432 8.1 355 2.2 606 3.8 1,364 15.1 806 10.7 259, 438 35.0 313,312 49. 1 W. S. Central : Arkansas 142, 954 12.6 190, 655 20.4 54,221 7.1 74, 828 11.8 S04 2.8 1,208 4.9 1,466 8.9 1,124 8.0 86,398 26.4 113,453 43.0 Louisiana 352, 179 29.0 381, 145 38.5 82, 100 15.0 78, 899 20.4 3,259 3.6 3,328 3.8 12,085 24.0 14,324 28.6 254, 148 48.4 284,028 til. I Oklahoma* 67,567 5.6 67, 826 12.1 32, 605 3.5 .34,284 8.1 964 1.3 1,086 3.1 3,828 9.8 2,157 10.8 17, 858 17.7 14,870 37.0 Texas 282, 904 9.9 314,018 14.5 60,881 3.3 70,000 5.1 29, 710 11.6 25,000 13.2 67,295 30.0 51,481 30.3 124,618 24. 6 167, 138 38.2 Mountain : Montana 14, 457 4.8 11,675 6.T 403 0.3 406 0.6 333 0.4 346 0.8 8,445 9.4 4,264 7.0 114 7.0 152 11.4 Idaho 5, 453 2.2 5,505 4.0 525 0.4 633 1.0 182 0.3 229 0.8 2,742 6.9 1,305 6.0 37 6.4 37 14.5 Wyoming 3,874 3.3 2, 878 4.0 209 0.3 257 0.7 89 0.4 91 0.5 2,548 9.7 1,349 8.2 102 5.0 141 17.2 Colorado 23, 780 3.7 17, 779 4.2 7, 445 .2.0 7,920 3.3 688 0.5 772 0.9 13,897 11.3 7,264 8.1 856 8.6 962 13.0 New Mexico 48, 697 20.2 46,971 33.2 28, 689 15.5 32,532 30.8 1,649 8.9 1,993 16.8 6,580 31.0 4,397 34.8 191 14.2 271 19. 1 Arizona 32, 953 20.9 27,307 29.0 1,414 2.3 1,206 3.8 2,362 8.4 1,830 10.9 13, 758 31.5 7,552 35.3 122 7.2 211 12.7 Utah 6,821 2.5 0, 141 3.1 465 0.4 648 1.1 367 0.4 460 0.6 3,636 5.9 3, 167 6.1 49 4.8 37 6.3 Nevada 4,702 0.7 4,645 13.3 103 0.4 81 0.7 84 0.5 52 0.6 1,344 7.0 041 7.5 26 5.5 29 23.0 Pacific : Washington 18,416 2.0 12, 740 3.1 1 1,281 0.3 978 0.5 555 0.3 396 0.5 11,233 4.8 4 , 540 4.5 239 4.3 259 11.6 Oregon 10,504 1.9 10,686 3.3 1,437 0.4 1, 745 0.9 404 0.4 435 0.7 6, 120 6. 1 2,207 4.1 46 3.4 89 8.8 California 74, 902 3.7 58,959 4.8 4,323, 0.5 4,983 1.0 3,186 0.6 3,337 1.0 50,292 10.0 27, 267 8.7 1,329 7. 1 1,211 13.4 Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. 24G AB.STIIA(1T OF THF (!r]NSUS- POPULATI()x\. rER(;KNn'A(il<; ok ILMTERATKS in TFIE I'OPULATIOX 10 YEARS OP AGE AND OVER: 1910. TOTAI, POPULATION. N.ATIVE WHITES OF NATIVE PARENT.VfJE. ILLIT1-:11ACY. 247 PKIl('K.\TA(iE OF ILLITERATES IN THE POPIII-ATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. FORKIG\-BORN WHITKS. NEGROES. 248 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. Illiteracy by sex. — Table 31 shows for 1910, by divisions and states, tlie number and percentage of illiterate niiUes and females 10 years of age and over. As already noted, the })ercentagc of illiteracy for females in the United States as a whole was slightly liigher than that for males. In the New England, East North Central, East South Central, and Pacific divisions, however, (Ire percentage of illiteracy for females was slightly less than that for males, and in the West North Central division the ])ercentages for the two sexes were the same. Illiteracy in the urban and rural population. — Table 32, on page 249, shows by divisions for 1910 the urban and rural population 10 years of age and over, classified according to color or race, nativity, and I)arentage groups in each division in 1910 as urban or rural, giving the number and percentage of illiterates in each case. In the United States as a whole the percentage of illiteracy for the total population and for each class shown in the table was considerably higher in rural districts than in urban communities. There were three diUsions, however, the New England, the Middle Atlantic, and the East North Central, in wliich the ])ercentagc of illiteracy was the greater in urban communities. This exception to the general rule is explained by the relatively large number of foreign- born whites living in the cities of the three divisions named. In the native groups shown, winch comprise the- native whites of native and of foreign or mixed I)arentage and the negroes, the proportion of illiterates was greater in the rural parts of all divisions than in the urban communities. The foreign-born whites showed in general a somewhat higher percentage of illiteracy in rural districts than in urban communities, but an exception to this rule appears in the case of the two North Central divisions. There is a considerable foreign-born white element in the rural population of these divisions, but the more recent growth of the foreign-born population has been in the cities, and the fact that recent immigrants appear to be somewTat more illiterate than the earlier ones furnishes an ex- planation of the higher percentage of illiteracy among the foreign-born whites in the urban communities than is found in the rural districts of this section of the country. ILLITERATES IN THE MALE AND FEMALE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Table 31 DIVISION AND STATE. ILUTERATES 10 TEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910 DIVISION AND STATE. ILLITERATES 10 YEARS OF AGE AND 1910 over: Male. Female. Male. Female. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States 2,814,950 7.6 2,701,213 7.8 South Atlantic: 7 00*7 8 4 A 21* 7 8 Geographic divisions: Maryland 36; 556 7.2 36; 841 7.1 140,326 5.3 140, 480 5.2 District of Columbia 5,410 4.1 8,402 5.7 442,488 431,324 5.7 Virginia 121,329 15.7 111,582 14.6 262. 137 3.5 229, 713 3.3 West Virginia 42,511 8.8 32,355 7.7 138,030 2.9 125; 108 2.9 North Carolina 142, 108 18.2 149,389 18.7 723' 570 16.0 720', 724 16. 1 South Carolina 133, 126 25.0 143, 854 26.3 542', 291 17.4 529, 809 17.3 196, 026 20.9 193, 749 20.5 424’ 354 12.7 421,250 13.8 Florida 39, 482 13.2 38,334 14.4 Mountain 75; 242 6.3 65,495 7.5 Pacific 66,512 3.3 37,310 2.5 East South Central: lOQ 877 12 6 98 207 11 6 New England: Tennessee , 112; 986 13.8 108,085 13.4 15,006 4.9 9,548 3.2 Alabama 173, 726 22.5 178,984 23.3 9' 210 5.2 7 , 176 4. 1 Mississippi 145, 702 22.4 144,533 22.5 Vermont. 1 6,486 4.4 4; 320 3.1 Massachusetts 67,647 5.0 73, 894 5.3 WE.ST South Central: 16, 192 7.4 17,662 8.0 Arkansas 71,243 12.1 71,711 1,3.1 25; 785 5.7 27; 880 6.3 Louisiana 171,423 28.0 180, 756 30.1 Oklahoma 35, 876 5.5 31,691 5.8 Middle Atlantic: Texas 145, 812 9.8 137,092 10.1 New York 187, 107 5.0 218,913 5.9 New Jersey 57,047 5.5 56, 455 5.7 Mountain: 198,334 6.4 155, 956 5.4 Montana 9,895 5.2 4,562 4.0 Idaho 3,831 2.6 1,622 1.6 East North Central: Wyoming 2,869 3.7 1,005 2.5 68,385 3.5 56,389 3.0 Coloiado 12. 680 3.6 11,100 3.8 35, 956 3.2 30, 257 2.9 New Mexico 20,965 15.9 27, 732 25.4 86^ 729 3.7 81 i 565 3.8 Arizona 18,183 19.2 14, 770 23.5 4i;617 3.6 33' 183 3. 1 Utah 3, 990 2.7 2,831 2.2 29; 450 3.1 28,319 3.2 Nevada 2,829 6.1 1,873 8.0 West North Central: Pacific: 25,819 2.9 23,517 3,1 Washington 11.724 2.1 6,692 1.8 15, 633 1.7 14', 256 1.7 Oregon 7,214 2.2 3,2<.H) 1.4 58, 106 4.4 53, 010 4.2 California 47,574 4.2 27,328 3.1 North Dakota 6', 645 2.8 6,425 3.6 South Dakota 6,216 2.5 6.534 3.3 Nebraska 9,489 1,9 8, .520 2.0 Kansas 16, 122 2.3 12, 846 2.1 ILLITERACY. 249 Tlio very miicli higher percentage of illiteracy shown for the native whites of native ])arcntage in the United States as a whole than for the native whites of foreign or mixed ])arentago is due in large })art to the exceptionally high percentages of illiteracy among the native whites of native parentage in the southern divisions, where this nativity class makes up by far the greater part of the white population. These excep- tionally high percentages for the southern divisions are in turn duo principally to the very largo i)roport ion of illiterates in the rural population of the South, in wliich section of the country somewhat more than three-fourths of the total population in 1910 resided in rural districts. ILLITERATES IN THE URBAN AND THE RURAL POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS: 1910. Table 32 CrVlSION ANT) CLASS OF community. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE V Native parentage. ^lUTE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Illiterate. Illiterate. Illiterate, Illiterate. Illiterate. Total. Total. Total. Total. Total. Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. United States 71,580,270 5,516,163 7.7 37,081,278 1,378,884 3.7 13,908,063 155,388 1.1 12,944,529 1,650,361 12.7 7,317,922 2,227,731 30.4 Urban 34, 649, 175 1, 768, 132 5.1 14, 002, 647 130, 906 0.9 8, 988, 097 60, 994 0.7 9,331,994 1, 172, 491 12.6 2,231,353 393,273 17.6 Rural 36, 931, 095 3, 748, 031 10.1 23,078, 631 1, 247, 978 6.4 4,919,966 94,394 1.9 3, 612, 535 477, 870 13.2 5,086,569 1, 834, 458 36.1 New England 5, 330, 914 280,806 5.3 2, 135, 801 15,551 0.7 1,377,187 17,606 1.3 1,757,244 242,513 13.8 55,321 4,341 7.8 Urban 4, 434, 412 247, 143 5.6 1,507,336 7,918 0.5 1,248, 177 13,002 1.0 1,623,609 222,030 13.7 51,025 3,614 7.1 Rural 896,502 33,663 3.8 628,465 7,633 1.2 129,010 4,604 3.6 133,635 20,483 15.3 4,296 727 16.9 Middle Atlantic 15,446,515 873,812 5.7 6,565,900 75,908 1.2 3,851,367 32,343 0.8 4,661,990 735, 244 15.8 351,546 27,811 7.9 Urban 11,033,550 644,618 5.8 3,653,752 21,0.34 0.6 3,171,581 19, 556 0.6 3,910,013 582,756 14.9 288,414 20,089 7.0 Rural 4,412,965 229,194 5.2 2,912,148 54,874 1.9 679,786 12,787 1.9 751,977 152,488 20.3 63,132 7,722 12.2 East North Central ... 14,568,949 491,850 3.4 7,370,025 122,256 1.7 3,941,206 35,809 0.9 2,985,823 300,613 10.1 254,545 28,071 11.0 Urban 7,831,590 277,444 3.5 3,102,539 27,193 0.9 2,400,758 12,530 0.5 2,124,920 217,771 10.2 198,669 19,229 9.7 Rural 6,737,359 214, 406 3.2 4,267,486 95,063 2.2 1,540,448 23,279 1.5 860,903 82,842 9.6 55,876 8,842 15.8 West North Central... 9,097,311 263,138 2.9 4,798,510 81,362 1.7 2,482,634 17,661 0.7 1,579,694 120,573 7.6 203,641 30,4.36 14.9 Urban 3,203,714 86,958 2.7 1,558,468 11,732 0.8 883,660 4,626 0.5 616,718 52,693 8.5 141,823 17,454 12.3 Rural 5,893,597 176,180 3.0 3,240,042 69,630 2.1 1,598,974 13,035 0.8 962,976 67,880 7.0 61,818 12,982 21.0 South Atlantic 9,012,826 1,444,294 16.0 5,397,864 429,618 8.0 339,771 4,191 1.2 280,387 37,934 13.5 2,986,936 969,432 32.5 Urban 2,493,359 211,760 8.5 1,320,961 29,111 2.2 244,255 1,897 0.8 185, 142 21,511 11.6 741,429 158,906 21.4 Rural 6,519,467 1,232,534 18.9 4,076,903 400,507 9.8 95,516 2,294 2.4 95,245 16,423 17.2 2,245,507 810,526 36.1 East South Central 6,178,578 1,072,100 17.4 3,945,830 378,088 9.6 184,771 3,142 1.7 84,893 8,215 9.7 1,960,898 681,, 507 34.8 Urban 1,279,677 122,477 9.6 670,026 15,910 2.4 130,989 1,057 0.8 56,769 5,163 9.1 421,529 100,257 23.8 Rural 4,898,901 949,623 19.4 3,275,804 362, 178 11.1 53,782 2,085 3.9 28, 124 3,052 10.9 1,539,369 581,250 37.8 West South Central . .. 6,394,043 845,604 13.2 4,101,510 229,807 5.6 449,348 34,737 7.7 330,431 84,674 25.6 1,460,705 483,022 33.1 Urban 1,562,545 112,889 7.2 883,283 12,088 1.4 190,471 5,315 2.8 130,677 23,415 17.9 353,611 71,652 20.3 Rural 4,831,498 732,715 15.2 3,218,227 217,719 6.8 258, 877 29,422 11.4 199,754 61,259 30.7 1,107,094 411,370 37.2 Mountain 2,054,249 140,737 6.9 1,081,180 39,253 3.6 461,408 5,754 1.2 423,068 52,950 12.5 18,755 1,497 8.0 Urban 772, .572 23,962 3.1 384,424 3,567 0.9 198,892 1,380 0.7 168,430 16,274 9.7 13,505 939 7.0 Rural 1,281,677 116,775 9.1 696,756 35,686 5.1 262, 516 4,374 1.7 254, 638 36,676 14.4 5,250 558 10.6 Pacific 3,496,885 103,822 3.0 1,684,658 7,041 0.4 820,371 4,145 0.5 840,999 67,645 8.0 25,575 1,614 6.3 Urban 2,037,756 40,881 2.0 921,858 2, .353 0.3 519,314 1,031 0.3 .515,716 30, 878 6.0 21,348 1,133 5.3 Rural 1,459, 129 62,941 4.3 762,800 4,688 0.6 301,057 2,514 0.8 325,283 36,767 11.3 4,227 481 11.4 PRINCIPAL CITIES. Table 33 gives a statement of illiteracy in 1910 and 1900 by color or race, nativity, and parentage for cities having a population of 100,000 or more. Some- what less detailed statistics for cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants are given in Table 34. Among the 50 cities having 100,000 inhabitants or more in 1910, there were four in which the proportion of illiterates in the total population 10 years of age and over was less than 2 per cent (Seattle, 1.1 per cent; Portland, Oreg., 1.2 per cent; Spokane, 1.3 per cent; and Los Angeles, 1.9 per cent), and 10 others in which the proportion of illiterates in the total population was between 2 and 3 per cent. The two cities having the largest percentage of illiteracy were Fall River (13.2), where the high average was due to the large proportion of the foreign born in the population, and Birmingham (10.4), where the high average was due to the large pro- portion of negroes. The differences between the per- centages in other cities were likewise due in large part to differences in the proportions of foreign born or negroes; among the native whites there was relatively little variation in the percentage of illiteracy, which was uniformly very low. In general, the proportion of illiterates in the total population of these 50 cities was less in 1910 than 'in 1900. Eighteen cities, however — xRbany, Bridgeport, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Jersey City, Minneapolis, New Haven, Oakland, Omaha, Paterson, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Providence, Rochester, Scranton, Syra- cuse, and Worcester — constituted exceptions to this rule, and in each of these cities, it will be noted, there was a considerable increase in the number of illiterates of foreign birth. 250 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION ILLITERATICS IN THi: POPUI-ATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES OF 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1010 AND 1900. [ Per cent not shown wliere base is less than 100.] TabU^ 33 CITY. ALL CLASSES. NATH'E Native parentage. ■WniTF.. Foreign or mixed parentage. FORRIGN-nORN WHITE. NEGRO. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 I9t0 1900 Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. i'er cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Albany, N. Y 2,702 3.2 2, 181 2.8 Ill 0.3 144 0. 5 163 0.5 212 0.7 2,440 13.8 1,755 10.0 39 4.2 68 6.5 Atlanta, fla 10,813 8.6 11,406 15.8 1,.522 2.1 1,049 2.8 23 0.5 30 0.9 250 5.9 208 8.6 9,005 20.9 10,099 35.1 Baltimore, Md 20,325 4.4 29, 148 7.2 1,191 0.6 2,351 1.3 664 0.6 1,175 1.2 8,952 12.0 8,585 12.9 9,438 13.2 16,846 25.7 Birmingham, Ala 11,026 10.4 5,986 19.1 626 1.2 187 1.4 40 0.7 25 1.2 829 15,1 241 13.9 9,528 22.1 5,532 40.3 Boston, Mass 24.408 ' 4.4 23,320 5.1 155 0.1 165 0.1 363 0.2 412 0.3 23,371 10.0 21,557 11.3 420 3.5 786 7.9 Bridgeport, Conn 4,440 5.4 2,999 5.3 47 0.2 47 0.3 94 0.4 92 0.6 4,2.35 12.1 2,727 12.6 58 5.2 123 12.6 Buffalo, N. Y 12,745 3.7 13, 152 4.8 203 0.2 2,55 0.4 622 0.5 654 0.6 11.838 10.3 12,142 12.0 65 4. 1 81 5.4 Cambridge, Mass 2,540 3.0 3,388 4.6 28 0.1 32 0.2 46 0.2 100 0.5 2,241 6.6 2,900 9.9 213 5.6 337 11.0 Chicago, 111 79,911 4.5 51,142 3.9 556 0.2 442 0.2 1,704 0.3 1,339 0.3 75,802 10.0 47,088 8.2 1,595 4.0 2,014 7.5 Cincinnati, Ohio 9,576 3.1 8,848 3.4 1,175 1.0 590 0.8 598 0.5 672 0.6 5,296 9.6 5,114 8.9 2,503 14.3 2,468 19.8 Cleveland, Ohio 20,676 4.6 14,091 4.7 190 0.2 177 0.3 403 0.3 39T 0.4 19,721 10.5 13,004 10.7 306 4.1 487 9.4 Columbus, Oliio 4,442 2.9 3,290 3.2 1,210 1.3 770 1.3 266 0.9 295 1.2 1,994 12.6 1, 109 9. 1 962 8.7 1, 109 15.9 Dayton, Ohio 2,224 2.3 1,797 2.6 295 0. 5 362 1.0 105 0.5 157 0.8 1,423 10.6 918 9.3 392 9.5 354 12.4 Denver, Colo 3,841 2.1 1,979 1.8i 199 0.2 100 0.2 143 0.3 74 0.3 3,076 8.1 1,396 5.7 291 6.0 339 10.0 Detroit, Mich 18,731 5.0 9,062 4.1; 204 0.2 165 0.4 707 0.5 499 0.6 17,633 1.7 8,119 8.6 176 3.5 278 8.0 Fall River, Mass 12,276 13.2 12,110 14. 9i 97 0.9 118 1.1 636 2.0 541 2.4 11,510 23.5 11,403 24.1 2.5 8.1 32 11.1 Grand Rapids, Mich 2,271 2.5 2, 136 3.11 61 0.2 98 0.4 84 0.3 114 0,5 2,088 7.6 1,873 8.0 28 4.8 45 8.5 Indianapolis, Ind 5,874 3.0 6,004 4.3 1,163 0.9 1,057 1.4 194 0. 5 306 1.0 2, 191 11.3 1,882 11. 1 2,316 12.4 2,745 20.3 Jersey City, N. J 11,797 5.6 7,171 4.5' 131 0.2 89 0.2 436 0.6 246 0.4 10,952 14.5 6,518 11.4 240 4.9 244 7.9 Kansas City, Mo 4,937 2.3 5,2.58 3.9 550 0.4 544 0.7 137 0.4 148 0.6 2, 192 8.9 1,593 8.8 2,038 9.6 2,958 19.5 Los Angeles, Cal 5,258 1.9 1,956 2 . 3 ) 289 0.2 262 0.6 217 0.4 142 0.7 4,101 7.0 938 5.3 389 6.0 273 15.9 Louisville, Ky 9,886 5.3 14,567 8.81 1,142 1.3 1,253 1.9 451 1.0 613 1.3 1,627 9.5 2,304 10.8 6,662 18.7 10,397 31.1 Lowell, Mass 5,172 6.0 6,843 8. 8 46 0.3 75 0.4 194 0.7 328 1.6 4,928 11.7 6,412 16.3 3 2.7 9 7.6 Memphis, Tenn 8,855 8.0 14,989 18. 3 255 0.5 246 0.9 27 0.3 66 0.8 622 9.9 561 11.3 7,932 17.6 14,106 35.1 Milwaukee, Wis 10,765 3.6 8,243 3.8 70 0.1 62 0.2 384 0.3 436 0.4 10,274 9.5 7,695 8.8 26 2.9 47 6.1 Minneapolis Mimi Nashville, Tenn 6,139 2.4 2,977 1.8' 84 0.1 77 0.2 214 0.2 166 0^ 5,760 6.8 2,641 4.4 69 2.9 83 6.2 7,947 8.8 9,460 14. 4' 898 1.8 1,020 3.2 33 C.5 80 1.3 205 7.0 295 9.9 6,810 22.0 8,059 32.4 New Haven, Conn 7,502 7.0 4,875 5.6| 47 0.2 57 0.2 126 0.4 86 0.3 7,179 17.4 4.465 14.9 137 4.5 248 10.3 New Orleans, La 18,987 6.9 30,820 13.6 1,056 1.0 1,419 2.1 782 1.2 1,310 2.0 3,504 12.9 5,333 18.3 13,541 18.3 22,586 36.1 New York, N. Y 254,208 6.7 181,835 6.8 1,322 0.2 1,367 0.3 4,391 0.4 3,977 0.5 245,095 13.2 170,638 13.9 2,893 3.6 4,362 8.3 Manhattan Borough Bronx Borough 151,218 IS. 783 8.0 4-0 }■ 132,977 8.2 f 473 1 111 0.2 0.2 1 591 0.2 11,879 \ 304 0..; 0.2 }2.140 0. 4 1146. 871 \ 13,158 13.8 9. 1 \l26. 897 15.5 / 1.711 \ 181 3.2 5.3 1 2,224 6.6 Brooklyn Borough 78. 143 6.1 41,852 4.6 535 0.2 594 0. .i 1,843 0.4 1,566 0.5 74.799 1,3.6 37,648 10.9 806 4.2 1,734 11.1 Queens Borough 8.374 3. 8 5,171 4.5 145 0..3 102 0.4 254 0.3 194 0.5 7. 819 10.1 4.55} 10.3 135 5. 1 288 13.2 Richmond Borough 2.690 3.9 1,8.35 3.5 58 O.S 80 0.5 111 0.5 77 0.5 2,448 10.4 1,539 8.4 60 6.4 116 13.3 Newark, N. J 16, 553 6.0 11,715 6. 1 222 0.3 192 0.4 553 0.6 546 0.8 15,131 14.2 10,218 14.7 589 7.5 708 12.8 Oakland, Cal 3,863 3.0 1,614 2 . 9 I 90 0.2 27 0.1 245 0.6 58 0,3 3,000 8.3 1,268 7.9 87 3.3 50 5.6 Omalia, Nebr 2,798 2.7 1,662 2. 01 92 0.2 78 0.2 92 0.3 52 0.2 2,352 8.9 1,189 5. 1 249 6. 3 315 10.6 Paterson, N. J 6,927 6.9 5,191 6 . 3 ' 201 0.9 266 1.5 226 0.7 316 1.2 6,333 14.5 4,346 11.6 146 11.3 213 21.7 Philadelphia, Pa 57,700 4.6 4,5,546 4.4 2,219 0,5 2,108 0.5 2,257 0.6 1,971 0.7 47, 467 12.9 35,025 12.1 5,595 7.8 5,883 11.1 Pittsburgh, Pa. • Portland, Oreg 26,627 6.2 20,402 5.8i 429 0.3 518 0.5 780 0.6 959 0.8 23,984 17.5 16,468 14.6 1,409 6, 6 2,437 14.4 2,145 1.2 3,925 5.1! 96 0. 1 37 0.1 84 0.2 39 0.2 1,674 3.9 733 4.2 18 1.9 33 4.6 Providence, R. I 14, 236 7.7 10,029 7.0 156 0.3 180 0.4 551 1.0 569 1.4 13,039 17.6 8,607 16.0 434 9.7 634 15.9 Richmond, Va 8,641 8.2 9,501 13. 7! 703 1.3 611 1..S 36 0.6 53 1. 1 233 7.1 249 8.9 7, 615 19.6 8,572 32.2 Rochester, N. Y ■ 6,916 3.8 3,499 2. 71 146 0.2 94 0.2 198 0.3 202 0.4 6,557 11.5 3,174 7.9 11 1.4 29 5.7 St. Louis, Mo 21,123 3.7 20, .359 4. 4 ' 1,112 0.6 1,.34S 1.0 1,196 0.6 1,666 0.9 13,899 11.4 10, 764 9.8 4,799 12.4 6,516 21.3 St. Paui, Minn 3,751 2. 1 3,956 3. 1 55 0.1 54 0.2 156 0.2 176 0.4 3,459 6.3 3,570 7.7 66 2.3 145 7.3 San Francisco, Cal 7,697 2. 1 8,960 3. 1 194 0.2 127 0.2 213 0.2 261 0.2 5.987 4.7 5,743 5.6 76 5.1 92 6.4 Scranton, Pa 8,933 8.9 6,814 8.8 174 0.6 195 1.0 452 1.2 643 2. 1 8,289 24.3 5,930 20.9 16 3.3 41 9.5 Seattle, Wash 2,217 1. 1 901 1.3 66 0.1 47 0.1 47 0.1 34 0.2 1,820 3.1 402 2.2 57 2.7 20 o.u 1, 123 1.3 1.8 47 0. 1 7 17 0. 1 u 0.2 89S 4. 4 397 5. 16 2.4 19 5.7 Syracuse, N. Y Toledo, Ohio Washington, D. C Worcester, Mass 5,629 3,809 13,812 5,977 4.9 2.8 4.9 5.0 2,800 3,865 20,028 4,580 3.2 3.7 8.6 4.9 204 462 797 82 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 238 461 975 84 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.3 190 281 163 209 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 213 357 163 383 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.4 . 5,179 2,990 1,944 5,641 17.3 9.6 8.2 12.0 2,264 2,879 1,342 4,009 9.7 10.6 7.0 n.o 50 71 10,814 36 5. 1 4.3 13.5 3.5 155 17,462 75 8.8 10.5 24.3 8.2 Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. ITJJTERACY 251 ILLFTERATES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OI-' AGE AND OVER, AND ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INIIADITANTS; 1910 AND 1900. [Per cent not shown wliore base is less than 100.) Table 34 CITY. ILUTF.RATES IN TUE POPULATION 10 YEAR.S OP AGE AND OVER. ILLITERATES AMONG MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. All classes. Native white: 1910 Foreign-born white: 1910 Negro: 1910 19)0 1900 I»I0 l!HM) Native parentage. Foreign or mi.xed parentage. Num- Per Num- l*er Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. Alabama Mobile 5,195 12.3 6,493 20.8 162 1.0 17 0.3 97 4.5 4,913 25.9 1,748 H.6 2, 191 20.6 Montgomery 4,223 13.4 6, 478 26.7 131 1.0 1 0.1 30 4.4 4,059 25.1 1,267 11.7 1.790 23.0 Arkansas Little Rock 2,456 6.5 3,863 12.5 429 2.2 21 0.5 58 3.0 1,943 15.8 927 6.3 1^416 12.1 California 475 1.4 5 (1) 13 0.1 394 5.3 8 3.8 250 2.0 61 1.6 319 1.2 56 0.3 22 0. 4 159 3.8 38 6.0 160 1.7 57 2.1 Sacramento 534 1.4 847 ii 36 0.2 20 0.2 373 4.3 24 5.5 264 1.4 548 5.0 1.6 33 0.2 34 0.5 412 5.8 52 9.6 268 1.8 150 2.5 781 3.2 44 0.4 28 0.4 638 11.2 4 2.5 371 3.8 364 5.5 Colorado Colorado Springs 221 0.9 38 0.2 10 0.2 105 3.6 6.9 91 1.0 48 0.7 Pueblo. . . . .r 2,023 5.6 1,209 5.4 188 0.9 46 0.7 1,629 20.0 137 10.6 1,192 7.1 693 6.8 Connecticut Hartford 4,030 5.0 3,511 5. 4 54 0.2 71 0.3 3,818 12.6 70 4.8 1,566 5.0 1,484 5.6 1,085 4.2 11 0.2 36 0.4 1,035 11.3 3 2.7 431 4.6 369 4.5 ‘958 4.3 8 0. 1 SO 0.4 917 11.7 s 2.7 368 4.6 31G 4.6 3,174 9.2 1,572 7.8 13 0.2 37 0.4 3,120 17.8 3 1,272 9.1 668 8.3 1,528 6.6 32 0.4 50 0.7 1,371 16.9 67 12.3 593 7.2 579 8.2 1,381 6.0 31 0.4 27 0.5 1, 310 15.4 13 4.5 515 5.8 336 6.1 1,B99 6.5 17 0.3 H 0.6 1,247 16.1 11 3.9 473 6.2 309 6.7 Waterbury .' 3,557 6.2 2,036 5.7 25 0.2 68 0.4 3,4il 13.9 32 5.2 1,643 7.2 923 6.8 Delaware Wilmington 4,689 6.6 5,051 8.2 219 0.6 101 0.7 2,905 21.8 1,457 18.7 2, 191 8.0 2.170 9.4 Florida Jacksonville 3,829 7.9 3,204 14.1 81 0.4 5 0.2 81 3.3 3,654 14.7 1,366 7.0 992 12.1 Tampa . 2,203 7.5 66 0.7 81 2.5 1,206 13.1 850 11.5 643 5.5 519 10.5 Georgia Augusta 3,718 10.9 6,879 21.7 563 3.5 12 0.7 30 3.4 3,110 19.9 1,182 9.9 2,032 19.6 3,411 10.3 403 2.4 4 0.4 66 10.0 2,938 19.6 1,148 9.9 1,339 22.0 Savannah 7,795 14.6 8,368 io.o 168 1.0 26 0.5 211 6.5 7,387 26.5 2; 510 12.8 2,628 16.4 Illinois Aurora 494 2.0 23 0.2 22 0.3 427 6.5 22 8.8 245 2.5 326 4.6 Bloomington 260 1.2 62 0.5 18 0.3 120 3.6 60 8.8 103 1.3 251 3.7 DanvilleT 544 2.4 219 1.4 36 0.9 115 5.8 166 13.5 227 2.7 203 4.0 Decatur 330 1.3 111 0.6 19 0.4 139 6.0 57 8.6 142 1.5 134 2.2 East St. Louis 2,614 5.5 1,560 6.7 156 0.7 80 0.8 1,660 18.3 715 14.6 1,493 7.1 700 7.1 Elgin 615 2.8 32 0.4 40 0.5 515 9.2 24 16.3 242 3.1 270 4.2 Joiiet 1,619 5.8 1,465 6.4 19 0.3 40 0.4 1,514 14.9 46 10.6 964 8.4 728 8.2 Peoria 724 1.3 1,020 2.2 120 0.4 77 0.4 423 4.9 99 7.2 286 1.2 413 2.3 Quincy 552 1.8 1,111 3.8 106 0.7 62 0.5 188 5.2 191 13.7 198 1.7 391 3.8 Rockford 761 2.0 503 2.0 9 0.1 13 0.1 729 5.4 9 5.1 360 2.4 129 1.5 Springfield 1,981 4.7 1,214 4.4 ' 195 0.9 88 0.8 1,340 20.1 350 13.9 897 5.6 465 4.7 Indiana Evansville 1,938 3.4 2,790 5.9 475 1.5 182 1.2 271 6.1 1,010 18.7 827 3.9 1,180 7.0 Fort Wayne 1,152 2.2 653 1.8 596 2.1 137 0.8 383 5.4 35 7.0 399 2.0 248 2.0 South Bend 1,405 3.3 1,197 4.3 111 0.6 69 0.6 1,201 9.4 18 3.5 605 3.7 536 5.2 Terre Haute 808 1.7 1,104 3.7 376 1.1 60 0.7 215 5.8 152 6.9 341 1.8 446 4.0 Iowa Cedar Rapids 389 1.4 434 2.1 53 0.4 29 0.4 295 5.7 12 6.5 169 1.6 114 1.5 Clinton 375 1.8 33 0.4 31 0.4 284 27 8.9 181 2.2 201 3.0 Council Bluffs 665 2.8 462 2.3 75 0.6 22 0.4 422 10.1 36 12.4 446 4.7 194 2.5 Davenport 382 1.1 489 1.7 29 0.2 36 0.3 261 3.3 56 11.4 165 1.2 164 1.6 Des Moines 1,395 2.0 1,003 2.0 254 0.6 72 0.5 852 8.4 217 8.8 598 2.2 445 2.4 Dubuime 275 0 9 535 1 8 24 •0.2 44 0 3 206 3 4 1 99 0 8 156 1.4 Sioux City 691 1.7 350 1.4 34 0.2 31 0.3 622 6.1 1 0.4 365 2.2 117 1.2 Waterloo 311 1. 4 39 0.3 19 0.3 250 9.5 3 169 1.9 35 0.9 Kansas Kansas City 2,576 3.9 2,237 5.6 170 0.5 79 0.7 1,549 15.4 775 10.0 1,209 4.6 940 6.0 Topeka 935 2.6 1,101 4.0 95 0.4 28 0.5 417 10.4 395 10.4 408 2.9 445 4.6 Wichita 641 1.5 0.5 20 0.3 304 10.9 149 7.3 372 2.1 123 1.7 Kentucky Covington 1,077 2.5 1,526 4.5 253 1.1 94 0.7 209 5.3 520 20.7 434 2.8 594 5.1 Lexington 3,766 12.5 3,128 14.1 923 5.2 11 0.6 87 9.4 2, 743 28.6 1,646 14.9 1,095 14.2 Newport 452 1.8 641 2.8 107 0.9 60 0.6 227 6.8 58 12.2 165 1.9 212 2.8 Louisiana Shreveport 3,604 15.8 54 0.6 6 0.5 172 17.6 3,362 29.7 1,116 12.9 977 20.8 Maine Lewiston 1,777 8.4 43 0.6 203 3.7 1,523 17.1 6 798 11. 0 1,038 16.5 Portland i;393 2.8 i,59i is 48 0.2 40 0.4 1,291 11.0 7 2.9 588 3.2 597 3.9 252 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION TLLITEllATEf! TN TTII-: T’OPTTLATrON 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, AND ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, IN (RTIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 fNIIABITANTS: 1910 AND 1900— Conanued. [Per cent not shown where base Is less than 100.] 'Falltiv 3-1— Continued. Massachusetts Brockton Brookline town . Chelsea Chicopee. Everett FitchburK Haverhill Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Malden New Bedford... Newton Pittsfield Ruincy Salem Somerville Springfield Taunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek . Bay City . . . . Flint Jackson Kalamazoo. . Lansing Saginaw Minnesota Duluth. Missouri Joplin St. Joseph.... Springfield Montana Butte. Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha. New Hampshire Manchester . Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Pa,s.saic Perth Amboy Trenton We.st Hoboken town New York Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton . . . Elmira Jamestown Kingston." Mount Vernon. New Rochelle. . Newburgh Niagara Falls. . Poughkeep.sie. . Schenectady. . . Troy Utica Watertown Yonkers North Carolina Charlotte Wilmington. n.LITER.VTES IN THE POPULATION 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. ILLITF.RATES AMONG MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. All classes. i Native white: 1910 Foreign-bom white; 1910 Negro: 1910 1 1910 1900 ItllO 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Nura- Per Num- Per her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. ! her. cent. her. cent. 1,222 2.6 1,033 3.2 28 0.1 30 0.2 1,141 7.6 16 3.8 i 543 3.0 424 3.4 2*10 1.0 0. 1 12 0.2 217 2.6 1 0.5 1 76 1.0 62 1.2 2,0S,5 8.1 1,329 4.9 26 0.4 26 0.4 2.018 15. 5 9 4.4 ' 790 7.8 488 4.8. ICIdG 7.0 8 0.2 47 0.8 1,300 13.4 599 8.5 1,082 19. 4 433 1.6 10 0. 1 18 0.2 387 4. 1 17 2.7 1 181 1.9 ^ 126 1.8 1,S97 6.3 1,610 6.5 26 0.3 94 1. 1 1,773 13.4 836 7.6 699 7.7 1.114 4.0 1,540 5.1 34 0.2 49 0.6 1,342 12.3 ie 4.8 649 4.8 576 5.2 •J, 1(W 6.8 4,001 11.4 35 0.5 155 0.9 2,912 13.0 1 1,.305 8.4 1.508 12.8 9, 007 13.2 4.191 8.4 35 0.4 179 0.9 8, 778 22.2 62 27.7 3,852 14.8 1,601 9.0 2,261 3.0 1,540 2.7 49 0.2 63 0.3 2, 102 7.9 36 6.2 1,000 3.4 58J 2.7 774 2.2 664 2.4 13 0.1 15 0.1 709 5.4 30 7.9 225 1.8 226 2.4 9, 3, 50 12. 1 6,055 12.2 90 0.6 297 1.6 8,423 20.8 532 23.7 4,085 14.5 2,264 13.2 1,231 3.7 832 3.0 17 0.1 14 0.2 1; 159 10.5 35 8.9 572 «.3 344 3.7 963 3.6 19 0.2 51 0. 6 882 13.5 8 3. 1 447 4. 4 300 4.8 621 2.4 13 0. 2 30 0. 4 572 5.5 1 280 2.9 262 3.8 2, 083 6.0 2,121 7.4 21 0.2 84 0.8 1,961 15.0 4 2.8 1,015 8.0 861 8.& 1,232 1.9 1.318 2.7 20 0. 1 27 0. 1 1,163 5. 7 12 6.6 538 2.4 490 2.7 3,311 4.5 2, 127 4,2 75 0.3 1,56 0.8 3,015 13.5 58 4.6 1.434 5.2 874 4.7 2,601 9.4 1,788 7. 1 89 0.9 101 1.2 2,337 24.6 72 33.3 1,267 12.4 758 8.2 773 3.3 121 1.4 106 1.5 537 7.2 6 279 3.5 333 5.0 136 0.6 39 0.3 9 0.2 68 2.7 20 4. 1 72 0.9 36 0.6 1,269 3.6 1,265 5.9 75 0.9 232 1.5 957 8.9 5 3.7 569 4.5 543 7.5 381 1.2 54 0.3 16 0.2 303 4.8 3 0.9 239 1.6 • 73 1.8 S68 2. 1 366 1.7 42 0.3 22 0.3 469 11. 1 28 8.7 320 3.0 173 2. 1 597 1.8 129 0.7 63 0.8 372 5.7 29 5.0 266 2. 1 169 2.S 4a3 1.5 37 0.2 27 0.4 318 8.2 21 7.0 205 1.9 165 3.5 1,207 3.1 ' 1,028 3.0 65 0.5 113 0.7 1,071 9.4 16 5.7 549 3.6 410 3.5 1,720 2.7 1,495 3.7 27 0.2 59 0.3 1,625 5.4 3 0.8 948 3.2 721 3.8 43,5 1.7 516 2.5 306 1.4 20 0.9 26 2.9 82 11.7 159 1.6 195 2.3 1,534 2.4 1, 742 2. 1 403 1.0 86 0.7 561 7. 1 480 12.9 727 2.8 712 2.1 689 2.4 1 391 1.7 22 0.7 27 2.4 248 14.9 265 2.5 267 4.1 547 1.7 592 2.4 12 0.1 • 22 0.2 469 3.7 10 4.5 268 1.7 339 2.5 1.298 3.6 607 1.9 65 0.3 20 0.3 1,177 17.5 36 5.6 4.5S 3.3 207 1.7 1,085 5.3 475 2.4 ! 16 0.3 20 0.3 1,001 13.3 46 7.6 630 7.3 20) 2.1 3, 374 5.9 4,0.55 8.9 41 0.3 186 1.2 3.145 11.1 1 1,4.34 7.3 1,593 10.3 1, 447 6. 8 30 0.4 64 1.2 1,353 15.7 620 8.0 982 14.6 1,767 4.5 1,145 4.9 115 0.6 29 0.5 936 15.1 670 7.6 748 4.8 4oo 4.9 3, 757 9.1 2,092 8.7 20 0.3 63 0.5 3,634 18.4 34 7.8 1,8.52 11.3 919 9.9 3.314 4.4 2,414 4.0 249 0.6 109 0.7 2,241 14.7 701 14.0 1,478 5. 1 967 4.3 367 1.3 21 0. 1 18 0.3 210 3.7 117 7.4 108 1.1 92 1.6 3,9-13 6.9 2,542 6.4 50 0.3 103 0.6 3,6.S6 16.0 93 8.4 1,937 8.6 1,274 8.4 2. 533 4.5 1,607 3.5 14 0. 1 95 0.5 2,420 9. 1 1 0.9 1, 106 5.0 598 .3.5 1,535 6.6 19 0.3 49 0.7 1,311 16.6 155 7.6 654 7.7 650 9.8 6,684 15. 8 3,225 14.9 20 0.4 84 1.0 6,523 23. 8 54 11.9 2,241 15.0 1,011 13.4 2.368 9.9 9 0.2 37 0.6 2,313 16.8 9 7.0 1, 161 11.6 910 15. 7 4, a33 .5.9 3,855 6.6 296 0.9 199- 1.0 3,879 15.3 244 10.7 2,187 7.0 1,698 7.7 678 2. 4 y 0.2 28 0.3 633 4.8 3 222 2.2 114 1.8 2,6.54 10.3 29 0.3 30 0.5 2. 589 25.0 4 1, 164 12.3 403 6.7 1,322 4.5 72.3 2.8 21 0.2 38 0.4 1, 2.50 16.8 13 2.9 615 5.1 326 3.2 1, 151 2.8 712 2. 1 in 0.4* 29 0.4 990 13.8 21 3.7 435 2.8 264 2.2 793 2.5 942 3. 1 51 0.3 34 0.4 661 12.8 44 9.5 345 2.9 387 3.4 (>84 2.6 11 0. 1 14 0.2 658 6.4 1 316 3.2 62 0.9 924 4.3 93 0.8 56 0.9 730 22.0 45 9.0 403 5.3 491 7.2 i,ni5 4. 1 0. 1 12 0.2 9.50 12. 3 46 6. 1 4.32 4.9 406 7. t 1,505 6.5 16 0. 2 14 0.2 1,3.33 15.8 134 9.3 707 7.9 398 8.9 691 3.0 29 0. 3 30 0. 4 611 12.9 19 3. 6 .300 3.5 205 2.9 1 . 425 5.8 16 0.3 13 0.2 1,370 11.8 25 10.5 825 8.0 410 0.3 649 2.8 54 0. 4 33 0. 6 543 12.3 19 3.2 2li4 3.0 278 3.9 3, 148 5.4 1,265 4.9 08 0.3 81 0.6 2,968 16.5 8 3.3 1,684 6.7 656 5.9 1.279 2.0 2,, 301 4.6 68 0.3 no 0.5 1,074 7. 1 26 4.5 475 2. 1 895 6.3 5, 014 8.2 2,471 5.4 88 0.4 112 0.6 4,821 21.4 23 7. 5 2, 146 9. 5 1,025 6.3 1 037 4 6 76 0. 7 88 1.6 869 14.4 4 589 6, 9 304 4.5 5,311 8.4 1,698 4.0 34 0.2 70 0.4 5,05 53, 80.3 22.4 32.7 Mountain ‘A'W.OlO 8,228 :t4 5. 4| 149,849 2,. 551 1.7 4.3 09, 8U) 718 1.0 1.5 10, 052 832 8.3 7.8 1,2.86 20 1.0 2.4 Pacific 322,. 52.3 1,542 0.5 0.8j 187,264 273 0.1 0.3 111.640 279 0.2 0.4 16,. 5.59 418 2.5 2.8 1,795 10 0.0 1.0 ILLITERACY. 255 ILLITERATES AMONG ('IIILDREN 10 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE, TNCLUSTVE, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 37 DIVISION AND STATE. 191(1 1900 DIVISION AND STATE. 'I'otul. Illiterate. Total. lllilerate. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. XTnlted States . . . . 9, 107, 140 370, 136 4.1 8,080,234 677,649 7.1 South Atlantic: Oeographic divisions: Maryland New England 5.59, 55G 1,970 0.4 405, 807 4,773 1.0 District ol Columbia.. . Middle Athuitic 1,720, OSO 7,313 0.4 1,442,376 13,135 0.9 East North Central — 1,700, 759 5,327 0.3 1,(M,278 10; 977 0.7 West Virginia West North Central 1,170,074 6, 097 0.6 1.151,704 16, 506 1.4 North Carolina South Atlantic 1,390,0.58 140, 007 10.0 1,247,791 221,977 17.8 East South Central '909,343 103, 293 10.7 '922,170 lOS; 028 18.2 Georgia West South Central 1,010,531 95, 759 9.4 810,211 131,021 16.1 Florida Mountain 239, 010 8,228 3.4 163,371 8, 838 ,5.4 I’acific 322, 523 1,542 0.5 216,520 1,794 0.8 EASff South Central: New England: Tennessee Maine 04,588 493 0.8 60,307 2. 1 New Hampshire 36^ 271 123 0.3 Z2, 897 '557 1.7 Vermont. T 31 ; 451 105 0.3 30 ; 179 287 1.0 Mas.sachusetts 284, 9(’i0 097 0.2 229, 330 1,547 0.7 West South Central: Rhode Island 47,014 290 0.6 36, 739 691 1.9 Coimecticut 95, 272 202 0.3 76,355 436 0.6 Oklahoma' Middle Atlantic: Texas New York 785, 820 2,619 0.3 043, 788 4,740 0.7 New Jersey 228, 095 i.ita 0.5 174.347 2, 009 1.2 Mountain: Pennsylvania 711,505 3,531 0.5 024,241 6, 326 1.0 Idaho East North Central: Wyoming Ohio 425, (X)2 1,304 0.3 414,847 2,048 0.5 Indiana '714 0.3 264,822 1^453 0.5 Illinois 520,955 1,805 0.3 494 ' 880 4,044 0.8 Michigan 258’ 480 '758 0.3 2471617 1,744 0.7 Utah Wisconsin 246, 154 746 0.3 232 ; 112 1,688 0.7 West North Central: Pacific: Minnesota 214,402 0.3 192,004 1,365 0.7 Iowa 222 ; 577 536 0.2 Z39;549 '883 0.4 Missouri 324,191 3, 744 1.2 347, 265 11,000 3.4 North Dakota 59,392 '705 1.2 35 ; 507 '830 2.4 South Dakota 60,021 394 0.7 47, 2f)9 472 1.0 Nebraska 121.782 310 0.3 121,743 412 0.3 Kansas 108,309 443 0.3 168,277 878 0.5 I9in 15100 Illiterate. Illiterate. Total. Total. Niim- Per Nnm- Per her. cent. her. cent. 19,308 293 1.5 18. 740 845 4.5 129,005 3,257 2.5 120,217 5,8.59 4.6 24,049 93 0.4 , 22. 734 398 1.8 237,563 21,917 9.2 220, 837 34,012 15.7 131,027 3,491 2.7 110,729 5,819 5.3 2().5,904 20,955 10.1 235, 325 51,190 21.8 192, 400 32,858 17.1 174, .303 51,536 29.6 315,217 42, 801 1 : 5.0 277, 8()5 63, ,329 22.8 80,319 8,282 10.3 00,975 8,389 13.8 2.52,905 15,233 0.0 251,6.53 21,247 8.4 243,328 18,285 7.5 243,773 36,375 14.9 253, 196 41,537 16.4 228, 685 66,072 28.9 219,914 28,238 12.8 198,065 44,334 22.4 179, 879 14,820 8.2 106,481 20,972 16.2 193, 791 47, 734 24.6 169,385 55, 091 32.9 186,009 4,. 5.31 2.4 97, 108 13,467 13.9 456, 792 28,074 6.3 383, 177 35, 491 9.3 29,086 398 1.3 19,397 374 1.9 31,902 112 0.4 16,982 209 1.2 10,829 57 0.5 7,843 72 0.9 09, 688 t.05 0.9 48, 871 742 1.5 34,408 3.824 11.1 21,849 4,354 19.9 18,091 2,750 15.2 11,671 2 , .592 22.2 40,070 209 0.7 33,370 220 0.7 4,930 213 4.3 3,388 275 8.1 92,802 332 0.4 48,233 340 0.7 55, 776 112 0.2 41,398 175 0.4 173, 945 1,098 0.0 126,889 1,279 1.0 > Includes population of Indian Territory for 1900. MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. United States as a whole. — By reason of the political prmleges which appertain to males 21 years of age and over a peculiar interest attaches to the pro- portion of illiterates in this class of the population, which is shown in Table 38. Table 38 MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION. Total. Number illiterate. Per cent illiterate. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total * 26,999,151 21,134,299 2,273,603 2,288,470 8.4 10.8 White 24,357,514 18,918,697 1,406,364 1,249,897 5.8 6.6 Native 17,710,697 14,014,427 617,733 687,581 3.5 4.9 Native parentage.. 13,211,731 10,669,743 557,042 618,606 4.2 5.9 Foreign or mi.xed parentage 4,498,906 3,444,084 60,691 68,975 1.3 2.0 Foreign bom 6, 646,817 4,904,270 788,631 562,316 11.9 11.5 Negro 2,458,873 2,000,302 819, 135 976,610 33.3 47.4 Indian 62,907 57,077 32,003 36,334 51.8 63.7 Chinese 60, 421 81,018 9.452 22, 476 15.6 27.7 Japanese 56,638 17,205j 4,928 3,153 8.7 18.3 An other 2,738 1.121 40.9 1 The percentage of illiteracy for the total male popu- lation 21 years of age and over in 1910 was 8.4. For the native whites of native parentage the percentage was 4.2, for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage 1.3, for the foreign-born whites 11.9, and for the negroes 33.3. In the total population, and in every class except the foreign-born whites, the per- centage of illiteracy among males 21 years of age and over was less in 1910 than in 1900. Divisions and states. — The number and percentage of illiterate males 21 years of age and over in the principal color or race, nativity, and parentage groups is shown by divisions and states m Table 39. In the total number of males 21 years of age and over the percentage of illiteracy was lowest in the West North Central division and highest in the East South Central division. The three southern divisions, which contain large numbei-s of negroes, had much higher jiroportions of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over than the northern and western divisions. A comparison of the figures for 1910 with those for 1900 shows that, except in the Middle Atlantic tlivision, where the proportion of illiterates remained the same, and the New England division, which shows a comparatively small decrease, there was generally throughout the United States a considerable decrease during the decade in the percentage of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over. The excep- tional situation in New England and the Middle Atlantic division is due to the fact that these divi- sions have received a great part of the recent immi- grants to the United States. Principal cities. — Table 40 gives figures showing the number and percentage of illiterates among males 21 years of age and over in cities having 100,000 inhab- itants or more, similar information in condensed form being given in Table 34 for cities having 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. 25G ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910. Tulklo ALL CLASSES. 1 1 native white: 1910 FOREIGN-DORN white: 1910 negro: DIVISION AND STATE. I!MU ! 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. 1910 Numlier. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States 2,273,603 8.4 2, 288, 470 10.8 557, 042 4.2 60,691 1.3 788,631 11.9 819,135 33.3 Geographic divi.sions; Now England 127, 449 0.3 117, 144 6.9 8,398 1.0 7,622 2.0 108, 853 13.7 1,967 8.9 Middle Atlantic 401, 098 0.8 308, 291 6.8 34, 300 1.5 12,514 1.1 340, 642 15.0 11,826 8.5 East North Central 241, 755 4.3 236,561 5.1 59, 185 2.3 16,669 1.3 150, 136 9.5 13,285 12.4 West North Central 123, 309 3.5 130, 063 4.5 38,518 2.«3 7,651 0.9 58,309 6.7 13,468 16.2 South Atlantic 540, 246 17.6 611,631 24.5 106,364 9.0 1,672 1.4 19,659 13.0 351,220 36.8 East South Central 406, 531) 19.4 466, 085 26.0 148,311 11.1 1,482 2.1 3,631 7.8 252, 677 39.3 West South Central 310, 191 13.7 320,986 20.3 86,421 6.0 9,353 6.0 36,251 21.1 173,284 35.4 Mountain 63, 138 6.9 50,011 8.9 12, 195 2.8 2,089 1.2 31,203 12.1 707 7.9 Pacific 59, 827 3.7 47,098 5.3 3,290 0.5 1,639 0.6 39,947 7.9 701 5.8 New England: Maine 13,0/0 5.5 13,952 6.4 3, 149 2.0 2,073 7.8 7, 676 15.8 55 11.6 New Hampshire 8,413 6.2 10,295 7.9 859 1.1 609 3.4 6,909 16.5 29 14.5 Vermont 6,039 5.3 8,544 7.9 1,331 1.9 1,230 6.4 3, 439 14.5 38 3.9 Massachusetts 61,909 6.1 53,694 6.4 1,700 0.5 2,172 1.0 56,504 12.5 1, 186 9.4 Rhode Isiand 14,456 8.8 11,675 9.2 466 1.0 794 2.2 12, 793 16.9 345 11.2 Connecticut 23, 562 6.8 18,984 6.8 893 0.7 744 1.1 21,532 14.1 314 6.6 Middle Atlantic; New York 170,030 6.0 130,004 5.9 11,443 1.3 6,383 1.0 148, 703 12.2 2,295 5.0 New Jersey 51,086 6.6 38, 305 6.9 4,216 1.5 1,207 0.8 42,347 13.7 3,052 10.7 Pennsylvania 179,982 7.8 139,982 7.7 18, 701 1.7 4,924 1.3 149,592 20.2 6,479 10.1 East Noe eh Central: Ohio 62,998 4.2 58,698 4.8 19, 188 2.3 3,379 1.1 35,160 11.4 5,169 13.2 Indiana 33,583 4.1 40,016 5. 6 17,641 3.0 1,953 1.7 10,602 11.9 3,312 16.0 Illinois 79,433 4.6 67,481 4.8 15,588 2.3 3,275 0.8 55,907 9.2 4,349 10.9 Michigan 38, 703 4.4 39,230 5.5 5,254 1.6 4, 144 1.9 28,034 9.3 397 6.3 Wisconsin - 27,038 4.0 31, 136 5.5 1,514 1.0 3,918 1.5 20,433 7.6 58 5.4 West North Central: Minnesota 23,603 3.7 20,856 4.1 732 0.5 1,757 0.9 19,947 6.7 123 3.6 Iowa 14,204 2.1 17,061 2.7 4,219 1.3 1,456 0.8 7,779 5.3 626 11.5 Missouri 51,284 5.3 60,327 7.0 27,860 4.4 2,357 1.4 10, 848 8.9 10,068 19.0 North Dakota 5, 467 3.1 5, 187 5.4 203 0.5 290 0.6 4,029 5.1 16 5.1 South Dakota 5,550 3.1 5,628 5.0 305 0.5 299 0.6 2,323 4.3 24 7.0 Nebraska 8,545 2.4 7,388 2.5 1,401 0.8 643 0.7 5,886 6.2 231 7.2 Kansas 14,716 2.9 14,216 3.4 3,798 1.1 849 1.0 7,497 10.1 2,380 13.5 South Atlantic: Delaware 6,272 10.1 7,538 14.0 1,672 4.4 68 1.1 1,692 19.3 2,829 31.3 Maryland 31,238 8.5 40,352 12.5 8,097 4.0 523 1.0 6,037 10.5 17,484 27.3 District of Columbia 5,082 4.9 7,052 8.4 325 0.7 66 0.5 810 6.9 3,801 13.8 Virginia 92,917 17.7 113,353 25.3 33, 488 9.9 192 1.8 1,297 8.7 57,867 36.3 West Virginia 35,040 10.4 32,066 12.9 20,666 7.8 356 2.2 8,528 24.6 5,457 24.0 North Carolina 107,563 21.3 122,658 29.4 49, 619 14.1 91 4.0 274 8.3 56,609 38.6 South Carolina 90,707 27.1 99,510 35.1 17,535 11.0 64 1.9 206 6.1 72, 857 43.1 Georgia 141,541 22.8 158,247 31.0 29,936 8.9 149 1.9 376 4.4 111,037 41.6 Florida 29,886 14.0 30,849 22.1 5,026 5.1 163 2.1 1,439 8.2 23,219 25.9 East South Central: Kentucky 87,516 14.5 102,528 18.8 59,314 12.8 833 2.0 1,382 •6.8 25,958 34.3 Tennessee 86,677 15.7 105,851 21.7 47, 479 11.5 264 2.2 628 6.2 38,273 32.1 Alabama 124,494 24.3 139,649 33.7 30, 389 10.9 244 2.9 1,028 9.8 92,744 43.4 Mississippi 107,843 25.3 118,057 33.8 11, 129 0.1 141 2.3 593 11.3 95, 702 41.0 West South Central: Arkansas 53,440 13.5 02,615 20.0 20, 343 7.7 385 3.4 661 G.S 32,013 28.7 Louisiana 11,8, 716 28.6 122, 638 37.6 28,091 15.6 935 2.8 5,211 19.7 84, 176 48.3 Oklahoma* 28, 707 6.4 21, 950 10.0 14,:345 4.2 479 1.7 2,188 9.3 7,390 20.1 Texas 109,328 10.9 113,783 15.4 23,642 3.7 7,554 9.3 28, 191 25.1 49, 099 29.9 Mountain: Montana - ■ 8,812 5.7 6,209 6.1 228 0.4 166 0.6 5,885 9.9 75 8 8 Idaho 3,416 3.1 2,930 5.4 244 0.4 109 0.5 2,036 7.9 10 4.9 Wyoming 2,594 4.1 1,030 4.3 120 0.4 37 0.3 1,810 9.9 50 3.8 Colorado 11,343 4.2 7, 689 4.1 2, 603 1.8 273 0.6 7,408 10.6 373 8.7 New Mexico 10,634 17.6 1.5,585 28.3 8,142 11.8 638 7.7 3, 030 29.0 88 13.7 Arizona 14, 463 19.5 11,215 25.4 553 1.9 744 7.0 7,447 29.0 04 8.4 Utah 3,477 3 3 2,470 3.7 199 0.0 173 0.5 1,969 6.0 20 4.6 Nevada 2,399 G.O 2,271 12.8 46 0.3 49 0.0 968 7.6 15 6.6 Pacific: Washington 10,580 2.4 6,035 3.4 tK)0 0.3 240 0.3 6,993 4.7 121 3.9 Oregon 6,400 2.5 6,978 4.8 729 0.5 186 0.6 4,033 0.3 24 3.1 California 42, 787 4.6 33, 485 6.2 1,961 0.5 1,214 0.7 28,921 9.7 556 6.8 ■ Inoludos population of Indian Territory for I'.IOU. ILLITERACY. 257 ILLITERATE MALES 21 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER IN CITIES HAVING 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1910. Table lO CITY , ALL CLASSES . NA.TIVE wmiE : 1910 FORElGN‘BORN white : 11)10 negro : 11)10 1910 1900 Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Albany, N. Y 1,219 3.8 762 2.7 45 0.4 55 0.5 1,091 1:5.3 19 5.0 Atlanta, Ga 3,000 8.1 3,390 14.0 470 1.8 11 0.7 100 4.4 3,012 21.7 Baltimore, Md 7,701 4.7 10, 152 7.2 434 0.6 195 0.6 3,488 10.4 3,509 13.4 Birmingham, Ala 4.348 10.7 2,051 10.7 182 0.9 4 0.2 380 12.9 3,780 23.0 Boston, Mass 9,3.35 4.5 8,111 4.6 54 0.1 107 0.2 8,896 8.6 132 2.6 Bridgeport, Conn 1.815 5.5 1,203 5.5 19 0.2 29 0.4 1,738 10.2 23 4.9 Buffalo, N. Y 5,0(;4 4.4 5,108 5.3 92 0.3 231 0.6 5,281 9.4 40 5.4 Cambridge, Mass 978 3.2 1,097 4.1 8 0. 1 12 0.2 874 6.0 73 5.3 Chicago, ill 35,036 5.1 20,572 4.0 216 0.2 501 0.3 34,145 9.0 546 3.1 Cinciimati, Ohio 3,962 3.5 3,114 3.4 473 1.3 201 0.5 2,103 7.9 1,183 16.0 Cleveland, Ohio 9,418 5.3 5,780 5.2 70 0.2 121 0.3 9,047 9.6 125 3.8 Columbu.s, Ohio 2,063 3.4 1,406 3.5 397 1. 1 75 0.7 1,124 13.2 459 9.1 Dayton, Ohio 1.009 2.8 079 2.6 130 0.6 33 0.4 704 9.6 194 10.9 Denver, Colo 1,580 2.2 716 1.7 91 0.3 54 0.3 1,214 6.3 100 5.0 Detroit, Mich 9, 709 6.5 3,587 4.5 69 0.2 251 0.6 9,310 12.4 72 3.2 Fall River, Mass 4,942 15.6 4,158 15.5 40 1.1 201 2.6 4,687 23.2 6 4.5 Grand Rapids, Midi 933 2.7 823 3.3 26 0.2 23 0.3 865 6.3 9 3.4 Indianapolis, Ind Jersey City, N. J 2.712 3.5 2,520 4.8 448 1.0 63 0.5 1,200 11.5 991 13.1 5,519 6.8 3,094 5. 1 45 0.3 96 0.4 5,267 14.0 76 3.6 Kansas City, Mo 2,034 2.3 2,096 3.9 242 0.5 46 0.3 941 7.2 787 8.6 Los Angeles, Cal 2,270 2.0 880 2.7 100 0.2 63 0.3 1,806 6.1 115 4.5 LouLsviTl^ Ky 4,024 5.9 5,836 9.8 464 1.6 185 1. 1 591 7.1 2,782 20.3 Lowell, Mass 2,206 7.2 2,592 9.6 20 0.3 61 0.9 2,183 12.0 1 (*) Memphis, Term 3, 163 7.1 5,745 18.3 71 0.4 6 0.2 249 7.3 2,825 16.4 Milwaukee, Wis 5,147 4.6 3,059 4.1 22 0.1 127 0.3 4,979 8.9 9 2.3 Minneapol^ Minn Nashville, Term 2, 770 ■ 2.6 1,205 1.9 42 0.1 73 0.3 2,605 5.8 39 3.2 2,901 9.4 3,169 14.3 371 2.1 7 0.3 66 4.6 2,456 25.3 New Haven, Coim 3,037 7.5 1,866 5.7 15 0.1 33 0.4 2,929 15.3 48 4.0 New Orleans, La 6,301 6.5 10,078 13.4 306 0.9 236 1.0 1,328 9.8 4,330 17.1 New York, N. Y 91,815 6.4 65,556 6.5 44<'. 0.2 1,194 0.4 88,818 10.7 891 2.9 Manhattan Borough 52,6Se 7.2 43,303 7.8 152 0.2 429 0.3 51,188 11.1 508 2.4 Bronx Borough 6,7 H 4.6 3,600 6.2 49 0.3 93 0.2 5,481 8.0 63 5.0 Brooklyn Borough 28,429 6.0 15,416 4.6 161 0.2 650 0.4 27,331 11.0 241 S.4 Queeni Borough 3,836 4.7 2,343 6.4 60 0.4 83 0.3 3,618 9.4 64 5.6 Richmond Borough 1,30! 4.9 895 4-4 24 0.3 39 0.6 1,200 10.0 25 7.4 Newark, N. J 6,227 6.0 4,598 6.5 95 0.4 166 0.6 5,694 11.5 216 7.2 Oakland, Cal Omaha, Nebr 1,877 3.5 741 3.6 36 0.2 75 0.6 1,494 7.7 34 2.7 1,429 3.3 612 1.8 47 0.3 38 0.4 1,223 8.9 110 5.8 Paterson, N. J 2,584 7.0 1,876 6.3 69 1.0 62 0.7 2,383 11.8 50 11.0 Philadelphia, Pa 22,2'22 4.7 17,588 4.5 895 0.0 776 0.7 18,287 10.9 2, 108 7.5 Pittsburgh, Pa^ 14, 165 8.5 10, 588 7.8 164 0.4 264 0.6 13,053 18.6 663 7.1 Portland, Oreg 1,187 1.3 3,251 8.5 49 0.1 31 0.2 865 3.4 7 1.3 Providence, R. I 5,738 8.3 3,830 7.2 63 0.4 162 1.0 5,278 16.1 187 10.6 Richmond, Va 3,187 8.6 3,369 14.4 288 1.5 18 0.8 112 5.5 2,765 20.8 Rochester, N. Y 3,158 4.5 1,327 2.9 62 0.3 72 0.3 3,014 11.1 6 2.0 St. I.ouis, Mo 9,106 4.1 7,026 4.1 411 0.6 397 0.5 6,315 10.0 1,875 11.4 St. Paul, Minn 1,576 2.2 1,351 2.6 18 0.1 52 0.2 1,468 5.1 26 1.7 San Francisco, Cal 3,521 2.0 3,596 2.8 83 0.2 75 0.2 2,683 3.5 43 6.2 Scranton, Pa 4,515 12.2 2,985 10.6 63 0.7 146 1.4 4,299 • 24.6 5 2.3 Seattle, Wash 1,373 1.4 598 1.5 21 0.1 21 0.1 1,145 3.2 24 2.0 Spokane, Wash 709 1.8 304 2.0 16 0.1 8 0.1 556 4.5 4 1.3 Syracuse, N. Y 2,821 6.3 1,071 3.3 86 0.5 54 0.5 2,649 17.7 27 6.2 Toledo, Ohio 1.802 3.4 1,592 4.2 229 1.1 120 0.8 1,419 9.0 30 4.2 Washington, D. C 5,082 4.9 7,052 8.4 325 0.7 66 0.5 810 6.9 3,801 13.8 Worcester, Mass 2,732 6.0 1,788 5.0 34 0.3 56 0.6 2,627 11.5 9 2.3 • Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. * Includes population of Allegheny for 1900. 72497°— 13— ^17 II mqL. OTTArTER 8. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES. Introduction. — This cliaptor siininiarizes tlie data collected by the Thirteenth Decennial Census with regard to the number of dwellings ami families and the average number of persons ])er dwelling and per family. Data are presented for each state and for the prmcipal cities. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying po.ssessions are not included. In census usage a “dwelling” is any building in which one or more persons reside. A mere cabin, or a room in a warehouse, occupied by a single person, is a census dwelling, while on the other hand an apart- ment house containing many families constitutes only one dwelling. The term “family” as here used means a household or group of persons, whether related by blood or not, who share a common abode, usually also sharing the same table. If one pemon lives alone, he constitutes a family, while on the other hand those who dwell in a hotel or institution in which many people live are also treated as forming a single family. Notwithstanding the fact that a family under the census definition may in some instances be very large, there is no considerable difference between the aver- age size of all families under the census usage and the average size of what are commonly termed families or households in popular speech. At the census of 1900 a distinction was made between “private families,” in most of which all or nearly all of the members are related by blood or marriage, and “economic families,” comprising more or less artificial groups, including boarding houses (at least those having several or many boarders), hotels, institutions, construction gangs, lumber camps, etc. For the United States as a whole, as reported at the census of 1900, the average size of all families was 4.7 persons, and the average for private families 4.6, and in many of the states there was scarcely any difference between the two averages. In fact, the tlecline from census to census in the average size of “census families ” is undoubtedly due to a decline in the average size of private families, resulting from a decrease in the aver- age number of cliildren in the “natural” family.* Similarly, differences between localities as to the average size of census families in general result in the main from differences in the average size of private families and “natural” families. * It should, of course, be borne in mind that the “private family” is often by no means identical with a natural family. A natural family may be defhied as consisting only of persons related by blood or marriage and as comprising all such persons within the particular degi-ee of consanguinity which the individual using the term has in mind — the inost common usage being, perhaps, to consider a hus- band and wife and their children as the unit. The members of a natural family often do not live togetlier in the same “private family.” On the other hand, many private families have servants or other members not related by blood, or members with more or less distant blood relationship. Summary for the United States. — Table 1 shows, for the United States as a whole, the statistics regarding dwellings and families at each census from 1850 to 1910, except that the data regarding dwellings for 1860 and 1870 are omitted because they are not com- parable with those for the other censuses. Table 1 CENSUS TEAR. Population. Number of occupied dwellings. Number of families. Per^ns to a dwell- ing. Persons to a family. 1910 91,972,266 17,805,845 20,255,555 5.2 4.5 1900 75,994,575 14,430,145 16,187,715 5.3 4.7 1890 1 62,622,250 11,483,318 12,690,152 5.5 4.9' 1880 50,155,783 8,955,812 9,945,916 5.6 5.0 1870 38,558,371 7,579,363 5.1 1800 3 27,489,561 (d 3 5,210,934 (d 3 5.5 1850 3 19,987,563 3 3,362,337 3 3,598,240 3 5.9 3 5.6 1 Exclusive of population (325,464) specially enumerated, for which statistics as to dweliingsand families are not available. 2 Dwellings reported in 1860 and 1870 include both occupied and unoccupied dwellings. 3 Dwellings and families returned for free population only. In the United States as a whole, in 1 910, with a popu- lation of 91,972,266, there were 17,805,845 occupied dwellings and 20,255,555 census families. Tlie aver- age number of persons per dwelling was 5.2, and the average number per family, 4.5. It is obvious that the great majority of dwellings are occupied by a smgle family each. j At each census from 1850 to 1910, for which compa- rable figures are available, a decrease was shown in the average number of persons per dwelling and the average number per family. Tlie decrease m the average number per dwelling has been due to the decrease in the average per family, the influence of which has been partly offset by the increased construc- tion of tenements and other dwellings containing more than one family. Divisions and states. — Table 2 shows, by geographic divisions and states, the number of dwellings and families in 1910 and the average number of persons per dwelling and per family for each of the last three censuses. Variations among the divisions find states with respect to the average number of persons per dwelling are largely due to variations in the proportion of the population living in great cities, where there are many tenement houses, apartment houses, and other large dwellings. The average number of pemons per dwell- ing in 1910 was greatest in the Middle Atlantic and New England divisions (6.2 and 6, respectively), and these are the di\dsions with the largest proportion of urban population. The average was lowest in the Mountain division (4.5). Among the states. New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Connecticut had an average of more than six persons per dwelling in 1910. The average was lowest in Nevada (3.6). ( 259 ) 260 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION Til 1910 tho average number of persons per family was greatest in the three southern divisions (4.8 in tlu!f South Atlantic and West South Central and 4.7 in the East South Central), and smallest (4.3) in the East Northf^entral, Mountain, and Ihicific divisions. In all of the geographic divisions except the New England and Middle Atlantic the average size of families de- creased from 1900 to 1910, wliile in those two divisions there was no change. Among the individual states, the average size of families in 1910 was greatest in Minnesota and North Carolina, 5 in each case. It was 4.9 in Virginia, West Virginia, and Texas. In no state except Nevada did the average fall below 4.1. ■rabl© Z DIVISION AND Popula- tion: Dwoll- iiiRs: Fami- lies: PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PERSONS TO A FA>ni.Y. STATE. 1910 1910 1910 i 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 United States 91,972,266 17,805,845 20,255,555 5.2 5.3 5.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 Geog. divs.: New England. 6.552,681 1,099,336 1,464,942 6.0 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 Mid. Atlantic. 19,315,892 3,093,464 4, 235, 675 6.2 6.0 5.9 4.6 4.6 4.7 E. N. Central. 18,250,621 3, 743, 779 4,214,82C 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.8 W'.N. Central. 11,637,921 2,448,083 2,592,069 2,539,270 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 South Atlantic 12, 194, 895 2, 424, 935 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.0 5.2 E. S. Central. . 8, 409, 901 1,732,152 1,796,832 4.9 5. 1 5.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 W. S. Central . 8, 784, 534 2,633.517 1,780,510 1,827, 105 4.9 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.0 5.3 Mountain 586,451 614,656 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.8 Pacific 4, 192,304 897, 135 970, 186 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.9 New England: Maine 742, 371 159, 437 177, 96C 4. 7 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.4 N. Hampshire 430, 572 88,871 103, 156 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 Vermont 355, 956 77,466 85, 178 4.1) 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 Massachusetts 3,366,416 511, 926 734, 013 6.6 6.2 6.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 Rhode Island. 542,610 79, 725 117,976 6.8 6.3 6.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Connecticut... 1,114,756 181,911 246, 659 6.1 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 Mid. Atlantic: New York 9,113,614 1,178,686 2,046,845 7.7 7.0 6.7 4.5 4.4 4.6 New Jersey... 2,537.167 407, 295 558,202 6.2 5.9 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 Pennsylvania. 7,665,111 1,507,483 1, 630. 628 5.1 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 E. N. Central: Ohio 4,767,121 1,024,800 1, 138, 165 4.7 4.8 5. 1 4.2 4.4 4.7 Indiana 2, 700, 876 631,554 654,891 4.3 4.6 4.8 4. 1 4.4 4.7 Illinois 5,638,591 1, 006, 848 1,264,717 5.6 5.7 5.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 Michigan 2,810,173 618,222 657,418 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.6 Wisconsin 2,333, 860 462,355 499, 629 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.0 W. N. Central: Minnesota 2,075,708 380,809 416,452 5.5 0. 5 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.2 Iowa 2,224,771 498, 943 512,515 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.3 4.6 4.9 Missouri 3,293,335 677, 196 749, 812 4.9 5.2 5.5 4.4 4.7 5. 1 NorthDakota 577, 056 118,757 120,910 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 South Dakota. 583,888 127, 739 131,060 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.7 Nebraska 1,192,214 258,967 265, 549 4.6 5.0 5.3 4.5 4.8 5. 1 Kansas 1,690,949 385,672 395, 771 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.8 S. Atlantic: Delawaie 202, ,322 43, 183 44,951 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.9 Maryland 1,295,346 253, 805 274, 824 5. 1 5.4 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.2 Dist.Columbia 331,069 58,513 71,3.39 5.7 5.6 5.9 4.6 4.9 5.2 Viiginia 2,061,612 400, 445 419, 452 5.1 5.3 5.7 4.9 5. 1 5.4 West Virginia 1,221,119 239, 128 248, 480 5.1 5.3 5. (3 4.9 5.1 5.4 N. Carolina. . . 2,206,287 430, 570 440, 334 5. 1 5.3 5. 4 5.0 5. 1 5.3 S. Carolina 1,515,400 302, 842 315, 204 5.0 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 Geoigia 2, 609,121 530, 631 553, 264 4.9 5. 1 5.4 4.7 4.9 5.2 Florida 752, 619 165,818 171,422 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.9 E. S. Central: Kentucky 2,289.905 469,669 494, 788 4.9 .5.2 5.5 4.6 4.9 5.2 Tennessee 2,1,84,789 444,814 462,553 4.9 5.2 5.5 4.7 5.0 5.3 Alabama 2,138,093 441,249 454, 767 4.8 5.0 5.4 4.7 4.9 5.3 Mississippi 1,797, 114 376, 420 384, 724 4.8 5.0 5.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 W. S. Central: A rkansas 1,574,449 327, 625 ,3,33,368 4.S 5.1 5.4 4.7 4.9 5.3 Louisiana 1,6.56,38.8 331,220 344, 144 5.0 5.1 5. 5 4.8 4.8 5.2 Okiahoma 1,657,1.55 342, 488 351,167 4.8 4.9 4. 1 4.7 4.8 4.1 Texas 3,896,542 779, 177 798, 426 5.0 5.3 5. 0 4.9 5.2 5.4 Mountain: 4.3 4.8 Montana 376,053 82,811 86, 602 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.4 Idaho 325, 594 71,830 73,669 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 4. 7 Wyoming 145,965 30,969 32,092 4.7 4.7 5. 1 4.5 4.6 5.0 Coloiado 799,024 183, 874 194,467 4.3 4.5 5.1 4. 1 4.2 4.9 New Mexico. . 327,301 75, 888 78,883 4.3 4.3 4.4 4. 1 4.2 4.3 Arizona 204,3.54 45,386 47,927 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.3 4. 1 4.4 Utah 373,351 72, 64t 77,339 5.1 5.2 5. ( 4.8 4.9 5. 1 Nevada 81,875 23,044 23,677 3.6 3.9 4.r 3.5 3.8 4.5 P\ciFic: W'ashington. . 1,141,990 238,822 2,54,692 4.8 4.9 5.1 4. 5 4.6 4.9 Oregon 672,765 144, 832 151,858 4J 4.7 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.9 California 2,377,-549 513, 481 563,636 4.( 4.7 5.1 4.2 4.3 4.9 Urban and rural communities. — Table 3 shows statis- tics regarding dwellings and families in 1910 for urban and rural communities. Table 3 DIVISION AND CLASS OF COMMUNITY. Population. Dwellings. FamiUes. Per- sons to a dwell- ing. Per- sons to a family. United States 91,972,266 17,805,845 20,255,555 5.2 4.5 Urban 42, 623,383 7, 254, 242 9, 499, 765 5.9 4.5 Rural 49, 348, 883 10,551, 603 10, 755, 790 4.7 4.6 New Engl.and 6,552.681 1,099,336 1,464,942 6.0 4.5 Urban 5,455,345 838,112 1,189,227 6.5 4.6 Rural 1,097,336 261, 224 275, 715 4.2 4.0 Middle Atlantic 19,315,892 3,093,464 4, 235, 675 6.2 4.6 Urban 13,723,373 1,879, 460 2, 966, 286 7.3 4.6 Rural 5.592,519 1,214,004 1,269,389 4.6 4.4 Ea.st North Central. . 18, 250, 621 3, 743, 779 4, 214,820 4.9 4.3 Urban 9,617,271 1,775,153 2,213, 296 5.4 4.3 Rural 8,633,350 1,968,626 2, 001,524 4.4 4.3 W'e.st North Central. 11.637,921 2, 448, 083 2,592,069 4.8 4.5 Urban 3,873,716 755, 821 879, 829 5.1 4.4 Rural 7, 764, 205 1,692,262 1.712,240 4.6 4.5 South Atlantic 12,194,895 2,424,935 2.539,270 5.0 4.8 Urban 3,092,153 602,959 688,260 5.1 4.5 Rural 9, 102, 742 1,821,976 1,851,010 5.0 4.9 East South Central. . . 8. 409,901 1,732,152 1,796,832 4.9 4.7 Urban 1,574,229 325,380 .371,179 4.8 4.2 Rural 6,835,672 1,406,772 1,425,653 4.9 4.8 West South Central.. 8,784,534 1,780,510 1,827,105 4.9 4.8 Urban 1,957,456 403,347 4:32,089 4.9 4.5 Rural ; 6,827,078 1,377,163 1,395,016 5.0 4.9 Mountain 2,633,517 586, 451 614,656 4.5 4.3 Urban 947,511 197,088 215,987 4.8 4.4 Rural 1,686,006 389,363 398, 669 4.3 4.2 Pacific 4, 192, 304 897, 135 970, 186 4.7 4.3 U rban 2, 382, 329 476,922 543,612 5.0 4.4 Rural 1, 809, 975 420, 213 426,574 4.3 4.2 As might be expected, the average number of persons per dwelling is materially higher in urban than in rural communities, except for the three southern divisions, the respective figures for the United States as a whole in 1910 being 5.9 and 4.7. The difference is particu- larly conspicuous in the Middle Atlantic diUsion, in wdiich the city of New York is situated. The average number of persons per dwelling in the urban com- munities in this division in 1910 was 7.3, as compared with 4.6 for rural communities. In the United States as a whole the average number of persons per census family is slightly smaller in urban than in rural communities, but in several of the geo- graphic divisions the average is greater in urban communities. It is probable that large “economic” families — hotels, institutions, etc. — arc more numerous in urlian than in rural communities, and that if only private families were considered the rural communities would show' a greater excess in average size of family, in the United States as a whole, than apjiears in the table. Principal cities. — ^Table 4 show's statistics regarding dw'ellings and families for each city of 100,000 or more inhabitants, and Table 5 jiresents similar statistics for cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. The city of New York, w'ith an average of 15.6 per- sons per dwelling in 1910 (30.9 in Maidiattan Borough), stands out consjhcuously among tho cities of 100,000 DWEIJJNGIS AND FAMILIES 261 inhabitants or more, in most of wliicli the avcra<^o niiinl)cr of persons per dwelling was below 9, and in many of wbicb it was below 5. Fall River ranks next to New York in the average number of persons per DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IN CITIES dwelling. 'J'bo average number of persons per family in 1910 was highest in St. Paul (5.2) and lowest in Indianapolis (4). In Now York both in 1910 and in 1900 the avei’age number of persons per family was 4.7. HAVING 100,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE. Table -t: CITY. Popula- tion: 1010 Dwell- ings: 1910 Fami- lies: 1910 PERf I)V 1910 )ONS ^ELLU 1900 ro A PER? JG. F 1890' 1910 1 ONS AMILl 1900 'O A 1890 Albany, N. Y 100,253 15,437 24, 069 6.5 6.9 7.2 4.2 4.4 4.6 Atlanta, Ga 154, 839 30,308 35,813 5. 1 5.4 5.7 4.3 4.4 4.9 Baltimore, Md 558,485 101, 905 118,851 5.5 5.7 6.0 4.7 4.8 5.0 Birmingham, Ala. . . 132,685 26,989 31,050 4.9 5.8 5.5 4.3 4.5 5.0 Boston, Mass 670,585 73, 919 139, 700 9. 1 8.4 8.5 4.8 4.8 5.0 Bridgeport , Conn . . . 102,054 14, 934 21,689 6.8 6.3 6.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 Buffalo, N. Y 423,715 62,335 91,328 6.8 7. 1 6.9 4.6 4.8 5.0 Cambridge, Mass. . . 104. 839 14,577 22, 765 7.2 6.9 6.8 4.6 4.7 4.9 Chicago, 111 2, 185, 283 246, 744 473, 141 8.9 8.8 8.6 4.6 4.7 5.0 Cincinnati, Ohio 363,591 49, 525 87,541 7.3 8.0 8.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 Cleveland, Ohio. . . . 560,663 90,465 124, 822 6.2 6.0 6.0 4.5 4.7 4.9 Columbus, Ohio.... 181,511 39,580 42,645 4.6 5.2 5.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 Dayton, Ohio 116,577 26, 692 28, 370 4.4 4.7 5.0 4, 1 4.3 4.6 Denver, Colo 213,. 381 44,736 51,339 4.8 4.9 5.9 4.2 4.3 5.4 Detroit, Mich 465, 766 83, 124 100, 356 5.6 5. 5 5.6 4.6 4.7 4.9 Fall River, Mass 119,295 10, 962 24,378 10.9 11.0 11.2 4.9 5.0 5.2 Grand Rapids,Mich. 112,571 23,432 26, 925 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.2 4.3 4. 0 Indianapolis, Ind . . . 233, 650 53,359 58,645 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.0 4.3 4.6 Jersey City, N. J 267, 779 27,805 56, 790 9.6 8.7 8.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 Kansas City, Mo 248,381 47,978 59,296 5.2 5.8 5.7 4.2 4.5 5.0 Los Angeles, Cal 319, 198 69, 061 78,678 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.1 4.1 4.6 Louisville, Ky 223,928 41,686 52, 155 5.4 5.9 6.4 4.3 4.6 4.9 Lowell, Mass 106,294 15. 056 21,932 7.1 6.9 7.2 4.8 4.9 5.2 Memphis, Term 131, 105 26, 710 31, 154 4.9 5.9 5.6 4.2 4.7 4.8 Milwaukee, Wis . . . . 373, 857 60, 724 80,566 6.2 6.2 6.2 4.6 4.8 4.9 Minneapolis, ilinn. . 301,408 46,903 63,241 6.4 6.4 6.5 4.8 4.8 5.0 Nashville, Tenn .... 110,364 22,118 26,077 5.0 5.3 0 . 5 4.2 4.4 4.9 New Haven, Conn. . 133,605 17, 466 29,271 7.6 7. 1 7.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 New Orleans, La. . . 339, 075 67, 192 73,377 5.0 5.4 5.6 4.6 4.6 5.0 CITY. Popula- tion: 1910 Dwell- ings: 1910 Fami- lies: 1910 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PERSONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1900 1890 1910 UKM) 1890 New York, N. Y 4,766,883 305,098 1,020,827 15.6 13.7 12.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 Manhattan Bor 2, SSI, 51,2 75,410 ' 493,545 SO. 9 23.0 19.9 4-'^ 4.7 4-8 Bronx Borough PO, 980 28, 7SS 98,897 15.0 10.1 7.7 4,6 4.7 5. 1 Brooklyn Borough. 1,634,351 147,666 353,666 11.1 10.2 9.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 Queens Borough . . . 284,041 S9, 764 62, 001 7.1 6.S 6.1 4.6 4.8 4.0 Richmond Bor 85,969 14,125 17, 718 6.1 6.0 6.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 Newark, N J 347,469 38,693 77,039 9.0 8.1 7.8 4.5 4.5 4.7 Oakland, Cal 150, 174 31,740 36, 723 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.1 4.4 4.8 Omaha, Nebr 124,096 23,657 26, 359 5.2 5.7 7.0 4.7 4.9 6.2 Paterson, N. J 125,600 15,812 27,978 7.9 7.7 7.9 4.5 4.5 4.7 Philadelphia, Pa 1,549,008 295,220 327,263 5.2 5.4 5.6 4.7 4.9 5.1 Pittsburgh, Pa.i 53.3,905 86,942 110,457 6.1 6.3 6.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 Portland, Greg 207,214 37,4.36 42,029 5. 5 0.2 7.4 4.9 5.4 6.8 Providence, R. I 224,326 28,705 49,129 7.8 7.0 7.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 Richmond, Va 127,628 22,205 26,914 5.7 6.0 6.5 4.7 4.8 5.2 Rochester, N. Y 218,149 38,860 40,787 5.6 5 5 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.9 St. Louis, Mo 687,029 105,650 155,555 6. 5 7.0 7.4 . 4.4 4.6 4.9 St. Paul, Minn 214,744 32,016 41,548 6.6 6.6 6.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 San Francisco, Cal. . 416,912 65,025 86,414 6.4 6.4 6.3 4.8 4.8 5.7 Scranton, Pa 129,867 22, 143 26,312 5.9 5.9 6.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 Seattle, W ash 237,194 43,559 51,042 5.4 6.8 5.8 4.6 5.7 0.4 Spokane, Wash 104,402 20,282 22,676 5.1 5.6 5.9 4.6 4.5 5.7 Syracuse, N, Y 137,249 23,200 31,551 5.9 5. 7 5. 6 4.4 4.3 4.6 Toledo, Ghio 168,497 35,888 39,677 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.2 4.6 4.8 Washington, D. C. . 331,069 58,513 71,339 5.7 5.6 5.9 4.6 4.9 5.2 Worcester, Mass 145,986 15,109 30, 743 9.7 9.0 8.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 1 Includes Allegheny for 1900 and 1890. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS. Table 5 CITY. Popu- lation: 1910 Dwell- ings: 1910 Fami- lies: 1910 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PER.SONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1900 1890 1910^ 1900 1890 Alabama Mobile .51,521 11,181 12, .369 4.0 5.0 5.1 4.2 4.2 4.8 Montgomei-y 38,136 8,152 9,578 4.7 4.8 5.4 4.0 4.1 4.9 Arkansas Little Rock 45,941 9,562 10,217 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 California Berkeley 40,434 8,720 9,791 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.8 Pasadena 30,291 7, 790 8,273 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.9 .3.9 Sacramento 44,690 8,809 10, 189 5.1 4.9 5.5 4.4 4.3 5.2 San Diego 39, 578 9,874 10,601 4.0 4.0 4.4 .3.7 . 3.7 4.3 San Jose 28,946 6,639 7,297 4.4 4.7 5.3 4.0 4.3 5.1 Colorado Colorado Springs 29,078 7,050 7,456 4.1 4.9 5.4 3.9 4.4 5.1 Pueblo 44,395 8,685 9,272 5.1 4.9 7.2 4.8 4.5 6.5 Connecticut Hartford 98,915 11,535 21,925 8. Cl 8.2 8.1 4. 4.0 4.6 Meriden town 32,066 i, 835 7 ; 257 0.0 (>) f‘) 4.4 (M (') Meriden city 27,265 3,879 6, 192 7.0 6.3 7.2 4.4 4.5 4.r New Britain 43,916 4,722 8,586 9.3 7.8 7.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 Norwich town 28,219 5,016 6,376 5.6 (') (') 4.4 (') (‘) Stamford town 28, 8.36 4,480 6,2.39 6.4 (') 5.7 4 . 6 G) 4.7 Stamford city 25, 138 3, 717 5,427 6.8 5.5 (') 4.6 4.5 (■) Waterbury 73, 141 7,715 14,556 9.5 8.3 8.3 5.0 4.9 4.9 Delaware Wilmington 87,411 17,223 18,637 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.9 4.9 ; Florida Jacksonville 57,699 12,203 13,228 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.4 3.9 4.7 Tampa 37,782 7,553 8,263 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.0 4.5 5.0 Georgia Augusta 41,040 9,239 10,881 4.4 4.9 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.4 Macon 40,665 8,606 10,293 4.7 5.0 5.6 4.0 3.9 5.0 Savannah 65,004 13,583 10,378 4.8 5.3 5.4 4.0 4.1 4.8 CITY. Popu- lation: Dwell- ings: Fami- lies: PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PERSONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1910 1910 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 Illinois Aurora 29,807 6,235 6,864 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.3 Bloomington 25, 768 6,082 6, 455 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.0 4.3 4.7 Danville 27,871 6,793 7,167 4.1 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.2 4.5 Decatur 31,140 7,131 7,588 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 East St. Louis .58, .547 11,628 12,888 5.0 5.2 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.2 Elgin 25, 976 5, 383 6,024 4.8 5.1 5.5 4.3 4.6 5.0 Joliet 34, 670 6,005 7,199 5.8 5.7 5.9 4.8 4.9 5.7 Peoria 66,950 14,111 15,225 4.7 5.2 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.8 Quincy 30, 587 7,685 8,792 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.2 4.4 4.7 Rockford 45, 401 8,802 10, 437 5.2 5.2 5.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 Springfield 51,678 11,214 11,905 4.6 4.9 5.1 4.3 4. 5 4.7 Indiana Evansville 69,647 15, 240 16,196 4.0 5.1 5. 6 4.3 4.8 5.2 Fort Wayne 03, 933 13,879 14,625 4.6 4.7 5.4 4.4 4.5 4.9 South Bend 53,684 11,200 12, 0.39 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.8 Terre Haute 58,157 13, 457 14, ,320 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.0 Iowa Cedar Rapids .32,811 7,580 7,949 4.3 4.6 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.7 Clinton 25, 577 5,765 5,978 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.7 Council Bluffs 29, 292 6,344 6,722 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.7 4.8 Davenport 43,028 8,900 10,316 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 Des Moines 86,368 18,694 20,599 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.8 Dubuque Sioux City 38, 494 7,472 8,417 5.2 5.5 .5.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 47,828 9,293 10,204 5.1 5.2 6.6 4.7 4.6 0.3 Waterloo 26, 693 5,708 6,093 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.3 Kansas Kansas City 82,331 18, 279 19,677 4.5 4.9 .5.0 4.2 4.4 4.7 Topeka 43, 684 10,387 11,243 4.2 4.3 4. 0 3.9 4.1 4.4 Wichita 52,450 11,293 12, 671 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.3 4.0 Kentucky Covington 53,270 9,841 12, 621 5. 4 5.9 6.1 4.2 4.5 4.8 Lexington 35.099 7,880 8,530 4.5 4.8 .5.0 4. 1 4.4 4.7 Newport 30,309 5,470 7,315 5.5 5.8 4.1 4. 5 4.7 * Figures not available- 262 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— POPULATION. DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES IN CITIES HAVING FROM 25,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS— Continued. Table 6— Continiioi], CITY. Louisiana Shreveport Maine lyCwLslon I’orlland Massachusetts Urockton Urookline town Chelsea Chicopee ' Everett Filchburf; Uaverlull Holyoke Lawrence Lynn Malden New Bedford Newton Pittsfield Quincy Salem Somerville ^ringfield Taunton Waltham Michigan Battle Creek Bay City Flint Jackson Kalamazoo I.anstng Saginaw Minnesota Duluth Missouri Joplin St. Joseph Springlield Montana Butte Nebraska Lincoln South Omaha New Hampshire Manchester Nashua New Jersey Atlantic City Bayonne Camden East Orange Elizabeth Hoboken Orange Pas-saic Perth Amboy Trenton West Hoboken town. . . New York Amsterdam Auburn Binghamton Elmira Jamestown Kingston Mount Vernon New Rochelle Newbur^ Niagara Falls Poughkeepsie Schenectady Troy Utica ,. Watertown Yonkers Pojni- lalion: l»ll> Dwell- ings: 1910 Fami- lies: 1910 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PERSONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1900 l8iM» BDIO 1900 1890 28,015 6,070 6,697 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.4 20, 247 3, 1.50 5,368 8.3 8,0 8.5 ■to to 5.2 58,571 9,460 13,591 6.2 6. 1 6.3 t 3 t 4 t4 50, 878 8,246 13, 151 6. 9 6.0 6.5 t3 t3 t4 27, 792 3, 733 5,858 7.4 7. 1 7.2 t 7 5.0 5. 1 :i2. 452 3,. 570 6,597 9. 1 0,6 6. 2 to t 5 t5 25, 401 3,288 4,438 7 7 7.0 0.9 5.7 5, 5 5. 4 33, 484 5,590 7,581 6. 0 5.4 5.3 t4 t 4 t3 37, 820 4, 869 7,931 7. 8 6.8 6, 4 t 8 4. 7 4. 7 44,115 7,332 9,975 0.0 5.8 6.6 t 4 1 2 4. G 57, 730 4,841 11.265 ■11.9 10. 9 11.3 5. i 5. 1 .5.3 85,892 10,413 17. 142 8.2 7. 7 7. 7 5.0 4. 9 t9 89,330 13, 112 19,786 6.8 6.2 6.5 1 5 4. 4 t6 44,404 7,419 9,895 6. C 5.3 5.6 t 5' t 4 t5 96,052 11,504 20,820 8.4 7. 1 0.7 t6 t5 t5 7,403 8,230 5. 4 5. 4 5. 7 4. S 4. S 5. 1 32,121 5; 834 6,748 5.5 5.2 5.5 ts t7 4. 9 32, 642 6,128 7,081 5.3 5.3 4. 8 t6 4. 7 5. 6 43,697 5,917 9, 265 7. 4 6.8 6.8 t 7 t 5 4. 4 77, 236 12, 139 IS, 44C 6. 4 5. 7 6. 1 t2 t3 t5 88,926 13,352 19, 968 6. 7 6. 1 6, 4 t 5 t 4 t5 34.259 5, 407 7,276 6.3 6. 2 6.3 t 7 t 7 4. 7 27,834 4,723 5, 790 5.9 5.4 ,5. 6 ts t9 to 25,267 6,170 6.720 4. 1 4. 4 4. 7 3.8 3.9 t 1 45, 166 9,579 9,956 4. 7 5.0 5.3 t5 t 7 5.0 38, 550 7,393 8,527 5.2 4. 4 4. 6 t5 t 1 t2 31,433 7,464 7,935 4. 2 4.4 4. 7 to t 1 t 3 39, 437 8,412 9,096 4. 7 4.7 4.9 t3 t3 t5 31,229 6, 849 7,382 4. 6 4.3 4. 7 t 2 t2 t5 50,510 11,563 11,926 4. 4 i5 5.2 t 2 t4 t9 78,466 11,927 14, 736 6.6 6.5 8.2 5.3 5.3 6. 8 32,073 7,592 8,0.52 4.2 4.8 5.2 to 4.5 5.0 77, 403 16,086 17,138 4.8 6.7 5.5 4.5 0.0 5.3 35,201 7,906 8,419, 4.5 4.8 5.1 t2 t4 t9 39, 165 7,476 8,560 5.2 5.4 5.5 to t7 5.4 43,973 9, .507 10,472 4.6 5.8 6.2 t2 5.1 0.0 26,259 4,902 5,245 5.3 0.1 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 70,063 8,694 14,106 8.1 ■LJ 8.3 to to 5.2 26,005 4,708 5,650 5.5 5.5 5.5 t6 4.0 4.7 46,150 7,942 9,744 5.8 5.6 4.7 t7 5.1 4.0 55, 545 6,147 10,998 9.0 7.4 7.1 5.1 5.0 5. 5 94,538 20, 200 21,482 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.6 34,371 0,1 Ofi 7,717 5.6 5.5 (') 4.5 4.9 (‘) 73, 40t) 10,090 15, 4.34 7.3 6,7 0. 5 t8 4.8 4.9 70, 324 4, 433 15, .520 15.9 14.2 12.8 t5 t4 4.0 29,630 4,391 6,294 0.7 6.3 0.4 t7 t8 5.1 ■ 54,773 5,135 10, 257 10.7 9.0 7.0 5.3 5.1 5.3 32,121 4, 209 0, 367 7.6 7.2 6.5 5.0 5.1 5.1 90,815 17,932 19,678 5.4 5.1 ,5.0 4.9 to 4.8 35, 403 • 3,723 8,374 9.5 8.0 (■) t2 4.3 {‘) 31,267 4,122 0,086 7. 6 0.5 C.2 t7 4.5 t7 34,668 6, 770 7,899 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 48, 443 8,437 11,438 5.7 5.0 6,3 4.2 4.2 4.5 37, 176 7,982 8,981 4.7 4.9 5. 3 tl t3 4.0 31,297 5, 690 7,731 5. 5 5.2 5. 1 4.0 4. 1 t4 25,908 4,834 0, 054 5.4 5.7 0.2 4.3 4. 5 4.6 .30,919 4,592 6, 797 6.7 0.0 5.1 4.5 ts 4 . 9 28, 807 4,280 .5,820 G.7 0. 1 5.7 5.0 4.9 5. 4 27,805 4,233 0,620 0.6 0. 1 6.8 t2 t2 4.5 .30, 445 5,671 G,G21 5.4 5.3 0 t6 to (') 27,9.30 4, .576 C, 834 6.1 G.O 0.3 4, 1 t2 4.4 72, 826 10, 639 15, 868 6.8 7.0 6.4 4.6 4.7 to 76,813 10,745 18,109 7.1 7.8 7.8 4.2 4.5 4.7 74,419 10,333 16, 053 7.2 0.2 G.O 4.0 4.0 4.6 20, 730 5,754 6, 512 4.6 4.8 4.8 4. 1 4,2 4.4 79,803 7,857 16,219 10.2 9.0 8.6 4.9 6.0 5. 3 CITY. Popu- lation: 1910 Dwell- ings: 1910 Fami- lies: 1910 PERSONS TO A DWELLING. PERSONS TO A FAMILY. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 North Carolina Charlotte .34,014 7,079 7,740 4.8 6.2 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 Wilmington 25, 7^18 5,461 5,878 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.1 4.4 Ohio Akron 69,067 13,701 1.5,851 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.6 Canton 50,217 10,722 11,845 4.7 4.6 5.2 4.2 4.3 4.8 Hamilton 35, 279 7, 026 8,256 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.3 4.5 4.7 Lima 30, 508 6,929 7,358 4.4 4.0 5.3 4.1 4.3 4.7 Lorain 28,883 5,071 0,075 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.7 Newark 25,404 6,138 0, 4.39 4.1 4.6 4.8 3.9 4.3 4.4 Springfield 40,921 11,050 11,621 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.5 Youngstown 79,060 14,280 16,228 5.5 5.4 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.1 Zanesville 28,020 6,755 7,163 4.1 4.4 4.8 3.9 4.2 4.5 Oklahoma Muskogee 2.5,278 5,197 5, 799 4.9 4.7 0) 4.4 4.5 (*) Oklahoma City 01,205 11,516 13,565 5.6 5.4 3.6 4.7 4.7 2.9 Pennsylvania Allentown 51,913 11,379 11,772 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.7 Altoona 52,127 11,024 11,473 4.7 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 Chester 38,537 7,769 8,0,32 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.1 Easton 28, 523 G,C60 0,935 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.3 Erie 66, 525 12,4.37 14,742 5.3 5.4 5.7 4.5 4.7 5.1 Harrisburg 64,186 14, 461 15,073 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.7 Hazleton 25, 452 4,68.3 5,002 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.1 Johnstown 55, 482 9, 790 10, 665 5.7 5.4 6.6 5.2 5.1 5.3 Lancaster 47,227 10, .524 10, 836 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8 McKeesport 42,094 7,553 8,802 5.7 5.6 5.8 4.9 4.9 5.2 New Castle 36,280 7,532 8,146 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.7 Norristown borough 27,875 5,121 5,391 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 Reading 90,071 20, 798 21,809 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.8 Shenandoah borough 25, 774 4.0.59 4,619 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.6 Wilkes-Barre •. 67, 105 12. 127 13, 247 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.1 Williamsport 31,860 7,266 7,660 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.7 Y ork 44,750 10,078 10, 405 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 Rhode Island Newport 27, 149 4,477 5, 531 6.1 5.8 6.1 4.9 4.5 4.8 Pawtucket 51,622 6,699 11,299 7.7 6.7 7.2 4.6 4.6 4.7 Warwick town 26, 629 4, 939 5, 719 5.4 5.5 5.8 4.7 4.7 4.9 Woonsocket 38. 125 4,200 7,480 9.1 9.1 9.5 5.1 5.1 5.3 South Carolina Charleston 58,833 9, 652 15,093 G.l 6.4 6.7 3.9 4.0 4.9 Columbia 26, 319 4,979 6,745 5.3 5.7 6.1 ■4.6 4.8 5.2 Tennessee Chattanooga 44,604 9,023 10,580 4.9 5.2 5.3 4.2 4.3 4.7 Knoxville 36,346 6, 890 7,905 5.3 5.6 G.l 4.6 4.8 5.2 Texas Au.stin 29, SGO 5,836 G, 194 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.8 5.0 5.1 Dallas 92, 104 18, 536 20,516 5.0 5.2 5,6 4.6 4.7 5.3 El Pa.so 39, 279 7, 992 8,792 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.9 Fort Worth 73,312 14, ,585 16.295 5.0 4.9 5. 6 4.5 4.5 5.4 Galveston 36, 981 7,361 8.258 5.0 5.2 5. 1 4.5 4.7 5.0 Houston 78, 800 15,90;i 17,040 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.6 4.7 5.3 San Antonio 96,614 19.574 21,096 4.9 5.1 5.6 4.6 4.7 5.2 Waco 26,425 5, 315 5, 651 5.0 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.2 Utah Ogden 25, 580 4, 932 5,424 5.2 5.1 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.2 Salt Lake City 92, 777 17, 856 20, 283 5.2 5.2 6.4 4.6 4.5 5.9 Virginia Lynchburg 29, 494 5, 476 6,242 5.4 5. 7 6.3 4.7 4.7 5.0 Norfolk 67, 452 11,953 15, 498 5. 6 6.1 6.0 4.4 4.6 4.8 Portsmouth 33, 190 6, 033 7, 120 5.0 5.4 5. 7 4.7 4.9 5.2 Roanoke 34,874 0,223 7,179 5.6 5.6 6. 5 4.9 4.9 6.1 Washington Tacoma 83, 743 10, 253 18,054 5.2 5.4 6.4 4.6 4.8 5.6 West Virginia Huntington 31,101 6, 023 6,541 5.2 5.1 6.1 4.8 4.6 5.5 Wlioeling 41,641 7, 709 9,843 5.4 5. 5 5.8 4.2 4.5 4.9 Wisconsin Green Bay 25,236 5,072 5, 448 5.0 5.2 5.9 4.6 4.8 5.4 La Crosse 30,417 0, 257 t), I)8ti ■1.9 5.1 5.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 Madison 25, 531 5. 1.S2 5, 949 4.9 5.4 5.2 4.3 4.8 4.9 Oshkosh 33, 062 7,169 7, 581 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 Racine 38,002 7, 054 8,286 5.4 5.3 5. 1 4.6 4.7 4.7 Sheboygan 26, 398 4,714 5, 859 5.0 5.6 6.0 4,5 4.7 4.8 Superior 40. 384 6, 105 7,046 6.0 6.3 6.9 5.7 5.6 6.3 Figures not available. I AGRICULTURE Chapter 9.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY Chapter 10.— TENURE, MORTGAGE INDEBTEDNESS, COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS, AND SIZE OF FARMS Chapter 11.— LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE Chapter 12.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS Chapter 13.— FARM CROPS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE Chapter 14.— IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS I Chapter 9. FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE: 1910 AND 1900. The present cliapter gives the principal data ])er- taining to farms and farm property, by states and geographic divisions, for 1910 and 1900, and by geo- graphic divisions for each census from 1850 to 1910. The following table summarizes, for the United States (excluding noncontiguous possessions), the prin- cipal facts with regard to farms and farm property for the years 1910 and 1900: FARMS, FARM LAND, AND FARM PROPERTY OF THE UNITED STATES. Table 1 1910 (April 15) 1900 (June 1) INCREASE.* Amount. Per cent. Population 91, 972, 266 75, 994, 575 15, 977, 691 21. 0 Urban population ^ 42, 623, 383 31, 609, 645 11,013, 738 34.8 Rural population ® 49, 348, 883 44, 384, 930 4, 963, 953 11.2 Number of all farms 6, 361, 502 5, 737, 372 624, 130 10.9 Land area of the country acres. . ^ 1, 903, 289, 600 * 1, 903, 461, 760 * -172, 160 Land in farms acres. . 878, 798, 325 ' 838,' 59i; 774 40, 206, 551 4.8 Improved land in farms acres. . 478, 451, 750 414, 498, 487 63, 953, 263 15. 4 Average acreage per farm 138. 1 146. 2 -8. 1 -5. 5 Average improved acreage per farm 75. 2 72. 2 3.0 4. 2 Per cent of total land area in farms 46. 2 44 1 Per cent of land in farms improved 54. 4 49 4 Per cent of total land area improved 25. 1 21. 8 Value of farm property, total $40, 991, 449, 090 $20, 439, 901, 164 $20, 551, 547, 926 100.5 Land 28, 475, 674, 169 13, 058, 007, 995 15, 417, 666, 174 118.1 Buildings 6, 325, 451, 528 3, 556, 639, 496 2, 768, 812, 032 77.8 Implements and machinery 1, 265, 149, 783 749, 775, 970 515, 373, 813 68.7 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 4, 925, 173, 610 3, 075, 477, 703 1, 849, 695, 907 60. 1 Average value of all property per farm $6, 444 $3, 563 $2, 881 80.9 Average value of all property per acre of land in farms. $46. 64 $24. 37 $22. 27 91.4 Average value of land per acre $32. 40 $15. 57 $16. 83 108. 1 t A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. 2 Population of incorporated places having, in 1910,2,500 or more inhabitants. The figure for 1900 does not represent the urban population according to that census but is the population in that year of the territory classified as urban in 1910. ® Total, exclusive of urban. (See Note 2.) ‘Change in area duo to the drainage of lakes and swamps of Illinois and Indiana, building of the Roosevelt and Laguna reservoirs, and the formation of the Salton Sea in California. There are in the United States 6,361,502 farms,* contaming a total of 878,798,000 acres, ^ of which 478,452,000 acres are improved. The land in farms represents somewhat less than one-half, 46.2 per cent, of the total land area of the country, while the im- proved land represents somewhat over one-half, 54.4 per cent, of the total acreage of land in farms. Im- proved land in farms thus represents almost exactly one-fourth, 25.1 per cent of the total land area of the country. On the average the farms of the United States contain 138.1 acres, of which, on the average, over one-half, 75.2 acres, are improved land. > Farm. — A “farm” for census purposes is all the land which is directly farmed by one person managing and conducting agricultural operations, either by his own labor alone or with the assistance of members of his household or hired employees. The term “agricultural operations” is used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other agricultural products, and raising animals, fowls, and bees. A “farm” as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land or of a number of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held under different tenures, as where one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract is hired by him. Further, when a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, crop- pers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a “farm.” In applying the foregoing definition of a “ farm ” for census purposes, enumerators were instructed toreport as a “farm ’’any tract of 3 or more acres used for agricultural purposes, no matter what the value of the products raised upon the land or the amount of labor involved in operating the same in 1909. In addition, they were instructed to report in the same manner all tracts containing less than 3 acres which either produced at least $250 worth of farm products in the year 1909, or on which the continuous services of at least one person were expended. 2 Land In farms.— Land In farms is divided at the present census into (1) improved land, (2) woodland, and (3) all other unimproved land. The same classi- fication was followed in 1880. At former censuses, except that of 1880, farm land was divided into improved land and unimproved land, woodland being included with unimproved land. Improved land includes all land regularly tilled or mowed, land pastured and cropped in rotation, land lying fallow, land in gardens, orchards, vineyards, and nurseries, and land occupied by farm buildings. Woodland includes all land covered with natural or planted forest trees which produce, or later may produce, firewood or other forest produets. All other unimproved land includes brush land, rough or stony land, swamp land, and any other land which is not improved or in forest. It should be noted, however, in this connection that the census classification of farm land as “improved land,” “woodland,” and “other unimproved land ” is one not always easy for the farmers or enumerators to make, owing to the fact that the farmers sometimes use these terms with different mean- ings from those assi.gned to them by the Bureau of the Census. There is evidence that the same kind of land has at certain times and places been reported as “ improved land ” and at other times and places as “ unimproved land,” rendering these classifications less accurate than the report of total farm acreage and value. (265) ABSl’RACT OF THE CENSUS— AGIUCULTURE. 2GG Tlie total value of farm projjoi'ty readies the enor- mous sum of $40,0!) 1 ,000,000, oi' which over two- thirds represents the value of land, about one-sixth the value of buildinj's, and about another one-sixth the combined value of implements and machinery and of live stock. The average value of all farm jiroperty ])cr farm re])orting is $G,444. The average value of all farm jiroperty jier acre of land in farms is $46.64-, and the average value of the land itself per acre is $32.40. It is a significant fact that whereas the total popu- lation increased 21 per cent between 1900 and 1910, the urban population increased 34.8 per cent and the rural jiopulation only 11.2 per cent. The num- ber and acreage of farms increased much less rapidly than the total jiopulation, but the grov/th in the number of farms nearly kept pace with the move- ment of the rural population, amounting to 10.9 per cent. The total farm acreage, on the other hand, in- creased only 4.S per cent. This, however, is less significant than the increase in acreage of improved farm land, which amounted to 15.4 per cent, shovving a greater percentage of increase than the number of farms or rural population but still falling appreciabty behind the increase in total population. It should be noted that "rural population” is a much broader term than "agricultural population.” "Rural” as here used includes the entire population outside of incor- ])orated places, including New England "towns,” having 2,500 inhabitants or more. The average size of a farm decreased from 146.2 acres in 1900 to 138.1 acres in 1910, but the average acreage of improved land per farm was somewhat greater in the later year than in the earlier. It is possible that the reported increase in the proportion of farm land im- proved, from 49.4 per cent in 1900 to 54.4 in 1910, is partly due to differences of interpretation as to what constitutes improved land. (See definitions, p. 265.) The total value of farm property a little more than doubled during the decade 1900 to 1910. The greater part of this extraordinar}' increase has been in farm land, the value of wliich increased no less than 118.1 per cent, and this in turn was due largel}^ to the ad- vance in the price of land, the average value per acre being more than twice as high in 1910 as in 1900— $32.40 as compared with $15.57. There have been remarkable increases, also, in the value of farm build- ings and equipment, the value of buildings having increased 77.8 per cent, that of implements and machinery 68.7 per cent, and that of live stock 60.1 per cent. Notwithstanding the decrease in the average size of farms, the value of all farm property per farm in- creased from $3,563 in 1900 to $6,444 in 1910, or 80.9 per cent . FARMS AND FARM LAND, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Geographic distribution of farms and farm land. — The agricultural industry of the country is very un- equally distributed among its different sections and states. Table 3, on pages 268 and 269, shows for each of the nine main geographic divisions and for each state the total and rural population, number of farms, total land area, and acreage of farm land and of improved farm land for 1910 and 1900. It also shows what percentage of the respective totals was found in each division and state at each of these censuses. While the differences among the several geographic divisions as regards the })roportions in wliich they con- tribute to the farming industiy of the countiy are naturally affected greatly by the differences in the total area of the divisions, it is evident that they are due in large degree to differences in the extent to which the land is capable of utihzation for farming * purposes, or has thus far been so utilized. For in- stance, the Mountam division, which comprises 28.89 per cent of the total land area, has only 3.33 jier cent of the improved fann land. There is httle coiTesponden.ee between (ho geo- graphic distribution of population and that of the agricultural industry. Notwithstanding the fact that "rural population,” as shown in the table, includes large numbers of jiersons not living on fanns, there is, naturally, a somewhat closer coiTcspondence between the distribution of the rural population and that of the number of fairns and -the acreage of farm land. Table 3 shows that, whether the importance of the agricultural industiy be judged by the number of farms, the total acreage of farms, or the total improved acreage, the great bulk of it is to be found in five geograpliic diUsions — namely, the four which con- stitute the tenitory between the. Alleghenies and the Rocky Mountams (East and West North Central and East and West South Central) together with the South Atlantic. Each of these five divisions has in the neighborhood of one-sixth of the total number of farms in the countiy. The West North Central division has a decidedly larger acreage of farm land than any other; it con- tains 26.5 per cent of the total farm acreage of the United States. The West South Central diUsion ranks next, with 19.2 per cent of the total, followed by (ho East North Central and the South Atlantie. Notwithstanding their groat total area, the Moun- tain and Pacific divisions contain only a compara- tively small proportion of the present farm land of the countiy. The acreage, of improved fann land is on the whole the best criterion of the agricultural importance of a given state or division. Five-sixths of the improved fann land of the countiy is in the two North (Central, FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. 267 tho two South Central, and tho South Atlantic dm- sions. More than ono-third of tho total (34.3 per cent) is found in tho West North Central division, tho broad prairies of which are peculiarly adapted for almost coinj)lete utilization for farming purjioses. Tho East North Central division ranks next, containing 18.6 per cent of the improved farm land of the countiy, and the West South Central follows with 12.2 per cent. The ^lountam and Pacific divisions together con- tribute less than S per cent of the total, tliis small proportion being due partly to the newness of this section and partly to the great extent of mountainous and arid territory. It is convenient also to consider the country as divided mto three great groups of states, wliich may be designated, in general terms, as the North, the South, and the West. The North includes the first four divi- sions hsted in Table 3, the South the next three divi- sions, and the West the last two. Another convenient comparison is between the tenitory east and that west of the Mississippi River. The following table shows, for each of these sections, the percentages wliich the number of farms, the acreage of farm lapd, and the acreage of improved farm land represent of the totals for the' United States: Table 2 PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTALS. SECTION. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land m fanns. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The North 45. 4 50.1 47.1 45. 6 60.6 a3.o The South 48.7 45.7 40.3 43.2 31.5 30.4 The West 5.9 4.2 12.6 11.2 7.9 6.6 F.ast of the Mississippi 61.9 64.1 41.7 43.8 45.6 51.1 West of the Mississippi 38.1 35.9 58.3 56.2 54.4 48.9 While the South has a larger proportion of the num- ber of farms than the North, it has a smaller propor- tion of the total farm land of the country, and a decidedly smaller proportion of the improved farm land. The North contained a slightly larger propor- tion of the total area of farm land in 1910 than it did in 1900, but its proportion of the improved farm land was less in the later year than in the earher. Precisely the opposite is true of the South. The movement of agriculture toward the West, which had been going on since the first settlement of Ihe country, continued during the past decade. The four divisions lying west of the Mississippi, taken to- gether, comprised 54.4 per cent of the improved farm land of the country in 1910 as compared with 48.9 per cent in 1900. Increases and decreases: 1900-1910. — It will be seen by Table 3 that in the territory north of the Oliio and east of the Mississippi, comprising three geographic divisions — New England, Middle Atlantic, and East North Central — there was an actual decrease in the num- ber of farms between 1900 and 1910, despite a large increase in ])opulation. In the West North Central division the increase in the number of farms has been comparatively small, amounting to 4.6 ])er cent. In all of the other five divisions there has been a very con- siderable increase in the number of farms. In the East South Central and Mountain divisions the num- ber increased more rapidly than tho total population. Great differences appear among the several geo- graphic divisions with respect to the changes in the total acreage of land in farms. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, South Atlantic, and West South Central divisions there was a decrease in the acreage reported in farms. The largest decrease, both in absolute amount and in percentage, was in tho West South Central division, but this is m a sense mis- leading. A considerable increase in the acreage of farms occurred in two of the states of the division, Ai’kansas and Oklahoma. In Louisiana a moderate decrease appeared, due to the purchase by nonresi- dents of undeveloped lands in the extreme southern part of the state, which had been reported as parts of farms m 1900, although not actually used for agricul- ture. A larger percentage of the total land area of the state is now improved than in 1900. In Texas there was nommally a very great decrease in the acre- age of farm land, but a large part if not all of this was due to the fact that m 1900 the state contained many enormous ranches which in their entirety were reported as farm land, whereas in 1910 many of these ranches were broken into smaller tracts, some of whieh were reported as farms, while others had not been put to use for agriculture. Some large tracts of land which were owned by nonresidents and not used at the tune of enumeration in 1910 had been used more or less for grazing in 1900. The acreage of improved land in Texas mcreased greatly during the decade. In the East North Central and East South Central divisions there was a slight increase in farm land during the past decade. In the West North Central division over 31,000,000 acres more land was reported in farms in 1910 than in 1900, this increase represen t- mg more than three-fourths of the total increase for the United States. The percentage of increase in this division, 15.7 per cent, was, however, exceeded by that in the Mountain division, 28.3 per cent. A very considerable increase in farm land was also reported for the Pacific states. Most of the states show the same movement with regard to acreage of farm land as the divisions m which they are situated, but there are a few exceptions. In the East North Central division, for example, which as a whole showed an increase, this was confined to the states of Michigan and Wisconsin, there being de- creases in farm land in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. 268 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE FARMS, i.AND IN FARMS, AND POPULATION, BY STATES AND DIVISIONS, WITH PER CENT [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.) DIVISION OK STATE. TOTAL POPULATION. RURAL POPULATION. NUMBER OF ALL FARMS. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase. Number. Per ct. Number. Per ct. Number. Perct. 1 United States 91.972,266 75,994,575 15,977,691 21.0 49,348,883 44.384,930 4,963,953 11.2 6,361,502 5,737,372 624, 130 10,9 Geographic divisions: 2 New England 6, 552, 681 5,592,017 960, 664 17.2 1,097,336 1,102,486 -5,150 -0.5 188,802 191,888 -.3,086 -1.6 3 Middle Atlantic 19,315,892 15,454,078 3,861,214 25.0 5,592,519 5, 146, 961 445,558 8.7 408,379 485, 618 -17,239 -3.5 4 Ea.st North Central 18, 250, 621 15,985,581 2,205,040 14.2 8,633,350 8,637,570 -4,220 -(>) 1, 123, 489 1,135,823 -12,334 -1.1 5 West North Central 11,637,021 10,347,423 1, 290, 498 12.5 7,704,205 7,324,759 439,446 6.0 1,109,948 1,000,744 49,204 4.6 6 South Atlantic 12, 194,895 10,443,480 1; 751, 415 16.8 9, 102, 742 8, 105, 763 996,979 12.3 1,111,881 962,225 149,656 15.6 7 East South Central 8,409,901 7,547,757 862, 144 11.4 6,835,672 6,301,407 474,205 7.5 1,042,480 903,313 139, 107 15.4 8 West South Central 8,784,534 0,532,290 2, 252, 244 34.5 6,827,078 5,370,554 1,456, 524 27.1 943, 186 754,853 188,333 24.9 9 Mountain 2,633,517 1,074,057 958, 800 57.3 1,686,000 1,099,325 586,681 53.4 183,446 101,327 82,119 81.0 10 Pacific 4,102,304 2,416,092 1, 775, 612 73.5 1,809,975 1,2,36,045 573,930 46.4 189,891 141,581 48,310 34.1 New England: 11 Maine 742,371 694, 466 47,905 6.9 360, 928 354,902 6,026 1.7 00,016 59,299 717 1.2 12 New Hampshire 430, 572 411,588 18,984 4.6 175,473 185,581 -10,108 -5.4 27,053 29,324 -2,271 -7.7 13 Vermont 355,956 343,041 12,315 3.6 187,013 195,235 -8,222 -4.2 32,709 33, 104 -395 -1.2 14 Massachusetts 3,366,416 2,805,346 561,070 20.0 241,049 235,852 5,197 2.2 36,917 37,715 -798 -2.1 15 Rhode Island 542, 610 428, 556 114,054 20.6 17,956 10,877 1,079 6.4 5,292 5,498 -206 -3.7 16 Connecticut 1,114,756 908, 420 206,336 22.7 114,917 114,039 878 0.8 26,815 26,948 -133 -0.5 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 9,113,614 7, 268, 894 1,844,720 25.4 1, 928, 120 1,916,611 11,509 0.6 215,597 220, 720 -11,123 -4.9 18 New Jersey 2,537,167 1,883,609 053,498 34.7 029,957 520,016 109, 941 21.1 33,487 34,650 -1,163 -3.4 19 Pennsvlvania 7,665,111 6,302,115 1,362,996 21.0 3,034,442 2,710,334 324, 108 12.0 219,295 224,248 -4,953 -2.2 East North Central: 20 Oliio 4, 767, 121 4, 157, 545 609,576 14.7 2, 101,978 2, 130,083 -28, 105 -1.3 272,045 276, 719 -4,674 -1.7 21 Indiana 2, 700,876 2,510,462 184,414 7.3 1,557,041 1,640,108 -83,127 -5.1 215,485 221,897 -6,412 -2.9 22 Illinois 5,638,591 4,821,550 817,041 16.9 2, 161,602 2, 155, 217 6, 445 0.3 251,872 264, 151 -12,279 —4.6 23 Michigan 2,810,173 2,420,982 389, 191 16.1 1,483, 129 1,454, 156 28,973 2.0 206,900 203,261 3,699 1.8 24 Wisconsin 2,333,860 2,069,042 264,818 12.8 1,329,540 1,257,946 71,594 5.7 177, 127 169, 795 7,332 4.3 West North Central: 25 Minnesota 2, 075, 708 1,751,394 324,314 18.5 1,225,414 1, 137, 799 87, 615 7.7 156, 137 154,659 1,478 1.0 26 Iowa 2,224,771 2,231,853 -7,082 -0.3 1,544,717 1,664,586 -119,869 -7.2 217,044 228, 622 -11,578 -5.1 27 Missouri 3,293,335 3, 106,665 180,670 6.0 1,894,518 1,903,234 -08,716 -3.5 277, 244 284, 886 -7, 642 -2.7 28 North Dakota 577,056 319, 146 257,910 80.8 513,820 285, 784 228,036 79.8 74,360 45,332 29,028 64.0 29 South Dakota 583,888 401,570 182, 318 . 45.4 507,215 353,625 153,590 43.4 77,644 52,022 25,022 47. 6 30 Nebraska 1,192,214 1,060,300 125,914 11.8 881,362 804,447 76,915 9.6 129,678 121,525 8, 153 6.7 31 Kansas 1, 690, 949 1,470,495 220,454 15.0 1, 197, 159 1,115,284 81,875 7.3 177,841 173, 098 4,743 2.7 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 202,322 184,735 17, 587 9.5 105,237 99,018 0,219 6.3 10,836 9,687 1,149 11.9 33 Maryland 1,295, .346 1,188,044 107,302 9.0 637, 154 594,911 42,243 7.1 48,923 46,012 2,911 6.3 331,060 278,718 52,351 18.8 217 269 -52 -19.3 35 Virginia 2,061,612 1,854,184 207,428 11.2 1,585,083 1,499,323 85, 760 5.7 184,018 167,886 16, 132 9.6 36 West Virginia 1,221,119 958,800 262,319 27.4 992,877 821,336 171,541 20.9 96,685 92,874 3,811 4.1 37 North Carolina 2,206,287 1,893,810 312, 477 16.5 1,887,813 1,085,595 202, 218 12.0 253, 725 224,037 29,088 12.9 38 South Carolina 1,515,400 1,340,316 175,084 13.1 1,290,568 1,163,046 127, 522 11.0 176,434 155,355 21,079 13.6 39 Georgia 2,609,121 2,216,331 392, 790 17.7 2, 070,471 1,840, 279 230, 192 12.5 291,027 224,691 66,336 29.5 40 Elorida 752,619 528,542 224,077 42.4 533, 539 402,255 131,284 32.6 50,016 40,814 9,202 22.5 E.vst South Central: 41 Kentucky 2,289,905 2, 147, 174 142, 731 0.6 1,734,463 1,663,941 70,522 4.2 259, 185 234, 607 24,518 10.4 42 Tennessee 2, 184, 789 2,020, 616 164, 173 8.1 1,743,744 1,684,894 58,850 3.5 240,012 224,623 21,389 9.5 43 Alabama 2, 138, 093 1,828,697 309,396 16.9 1, 767, 062 1,591,027 176,035 11.1 202,901 223,220 39,081 17.8 44 Mississippi 1,797,114 1,551,270 245,844 15.8 1,589, 803 1,421,005 168, 198 11.8 274,382 220,803 5.3,579 24.3 West South Central: 45 Arkansas 1,574,449 1,311,504 262, 885 20.0 1,371,768 1,179, 845 191,923 10.3 214,078 178, 094 35,984 20.1 46 Louisiana 1,656,388 1,381,625 274, 763 19.9 1,159,872 1,000,028 159,244 15.9 120, 546 115,909 4,577 3.9 47 Oklahoma 1,657, 155 3 790,391 800, 704 109.7 1,337,000 3 701,243 635, 757 90.7 190, 192 3 108, 000 82, 192 76.^1 48 Texas 3,896,542 3,048,710 847, 832 27.8 2,958,438 2,488,838 469, 000 18.9 417, 770 352, 190 05,580 18.6 Mountain: 49 Montana 370,053 243,329 132,724 54.5 242, 633 153,853 88, 780 57.7 20,214 13,370 12,844 90. 1 50 Idaho 325,594 161,772 163,822 101.3 255,096 139, 605 110,031 83.1 30, 807 17,471 13,330 76.3 51 Wyoming 145,905 92,531 53,434 57.7 102, 744 59,005 43, 739 74.1 10,987 0,095 4,892 80.3 52 Colorado 799,024 5.39, 700 259,324 48.0 394, 184 270,0.38 124, 140 46. 0 40,170 24,700 21,470 80.9 53 New Mexico 327,301 195,310 131,991 67.6 280, 730 168,820 111,904 00.3 35,676 12,311 23,305 189.8 54 Arizona 201,354 122,931 81,423 00.2 141,094 101,522 39,572 39.0 9,227 5,809 3, 418 58.8 f)5 U tail 373,351 270, 749 96,002 34.9 200,417 108,581 31,830 18.9 21,670 19,387 2,289 11.8 56 N e vada 81,875 42,335 39, 540 9.3.4 08,508 37,835 30,073 81.1 2,689 2, 184 505 23.1 Pacific: 57 Washington 1,141,990 518, 103 023,887 120.4 530,460 290,489 245,971 84.7 50, 192 33,202 22,990 69.2 58 Oregon 072, 765 413,530 259, 229 02.7 305, 705 270,696 95,009 35. 1 45,502 35,837 9,065 27.0 69 California 2,377,549 1,485,053 892,496 60. 1 907,810 074, 800 2,32,950 34.5 88, 197 72,542 15,055 21.0 > Less than ono-tcnth of 1 per cent. = Less than onc-lmndredth of 1 per cent. FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY 269 DISTRIBUTION OF UNITED STA TES TOTALS AMONG DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1910 AND 1900. [A mluus sign (— ) A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The increase of over 30,000,000 acres of land in farms in the North was almost wholly confined to the West North Central division. In the South there was an apparent decrease, owing entirely to the conditions in Louisiana and Texas, already described. The West shows a smaller absolute mcrease, but a greater per- centage of increase, than the North. In acreage of improved farm land the North shows the greatest absolute increase during the decade, but in the South the absolute increase was nearly as great and the percentage of increase nearly twice as gTeat, while in the West the absolute increa.se was about one-third as great, but the percentage of increase almost four times as high as in the North. Percentage of land in farms and percentage im- proved. — Wide differences exist among the several states and divisions in the proportion of their total area which has been brought into farms, and also in the proportion of the farm land which has been im- proved. Table 5 shows these differences by means of percentages calculated from the figures in Table 3. The definition of improved land given in the note on page 265 should be borne in mind, shice it is probable that the differences in the proportion of land improved and the changes in this proportion from census to cen- sus are due partly to differences in intei-jiretation as to what constitutes imjiroved land in different sections of the country and at different censuses. The map on jiage 272 shows, by counties, the propor- tion which land in faims represents of the total land area, and the map on page 273 shows the proportion which improved land represents of the total land area. The East North Central division leads aU other geo- graphic divisions m the extent to which its land area has been brought into farms, exactly three-fourths of its total land area consistuig of farm land. The proportions in the West North Central and East South Central divisions m each case exceed 70 per cent. The Middle Atlantic, West South Central, and South Atlantic di\’isions have each over 60 per cent of their total land ai'ea in farms, but m the New England divi- sion the proportion falls .slightly below 50 per cent; in the Pacific division it is only 25,2 per cent; and in the Mountain division only 10.8 per cent. The divisions rank somewhat differently with re- spect to the proportion of their area which is repre- sented by improved farm land, these differences in rankuig behig due of course to the differences among the divisions hi the percentage which improved land represents of the total farm land. The East North Central division again ranks first, 56.6 per cent of its total land area consisting of improved farm land, and the West North Central division ranks second, with 50.3 per cent. The Middle Atlantic division, however, ranks third, followed by the East Soulh Central and South Atlantic. In each of the five divisions just named the improved farm land constituted more (ban one-fourth of the total land area, but in fhe West South Central, Now England, Pacific, aJid FARMS AND FARM IMiOPKHTY. 271 Mountiiin divisions tho proportion is 1)clow oj\o-fourlhj and, in fact, in tlio Mountain division it is only 2.9 i)or cent. Witli respect to the ])roportion which improved land rcpre.scnts of all land hi farms, tho New England and Middle Atlantic divisions reported a decline between 1900 and 1910, as shown in tho table below, but hi each of tho other seven divisions the propor- tion was larger hi tho later year, the change behig most conspicuous hi the West South Central and Moiin- tahi divisions. Table 5 DIVISION OR STATE. PER CENT LAND IN FARMS FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA. PER CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. PER CENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA improved. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 46.2 44.1 64.4 49.4 26.1 21. S Geographic divisions: New EnRland 49.7 51.8 36.8 39.6 18.3 20.5 Middle Atlantic 67.5 70.1 67.9 68.6 45.8 48.1 East North Central 75.0 74.1 75.4 74.5 56.6 55.2 West North Central 71.2 61.5 70.6 67.5 50.3 41.5 South Atlantic 60.3 60.6 46.7 44.2 28.1 26.8 East South Central 71.0 70.7 53.9 49.5 38.2 35.0 West South Central 61.5 64.2 34.4 22.5 21.2 14.5 Mountain 10.8 8.4 26.7 18.1 2.9 1.5 Pacific 25.2 23.3 42.9 39.6 10.8 9.2 New England: Maine 32.9 32.9 37.5 37.9 12.3 12.5 New Hampshire 56.2 62.5 28.6 29.8 10.1 18.6 Vermont 79.9 80.9 35.0 45.0 28.0 36.4 Massachusetts 55.9 61.2 40.5 41.1 22.6 25.1 Rhode Island 64.9 60.7 40.2 41.1 26.1 27.4 Connecticut 70.9 74.9 45.2 46.0 32.0 34.5 Middle Atlantic: New York 72.2 74.3 67.4 68.9 48.7 51.1 New Jersey 53.5 59.1 70.1 69.6 37.5 41.1 Peimsylvania 64.8 67.5 68.2 68.2 44.2 46.0 East North Central: Ohio 92.5 94.0 79.8 78. 5 73.7 73.8 Indiana 92.3 94.1 79.5 77.2 73.4 72.6 Illinois 90.7 91.5 86.2 84.5 78.2 77.3 Michigan 51.5 47.7 67.8 67.2 34.9 32.1 Wisconsin 59.6 56.2 56.5 56.6 33.7 31.8 West North Central: Minnesota 53. 5 50.7 71.0 70.3 38.0 35.6 Iowa 95.4 97.2 86.9 86.5 82.9 84.0 Missouri 78.6 77.3 71.1 67.4 55.9 52.1 North Dakota 63.3 34.6 72.0 62.1 45.5 21.5 South Dakota 52.9 38.8 60.8 59.2 32.2 22.9 Nebraska 78.6 60.8 63.1 61. 6 49.6 37.5 Kansas 82.9 79.6 68.9 60.1 57.1 47.8 South Atlantic: Delaware 82.6 84.8 68.7 70.7 56.7 60.0 Maryland 79.5 81.3 66.3 68.0 52.7 55.3 District of Columbia 15.8 22.1 84.7 69.9 13.4 15.5 Virginia 75.7 77.3 50.6 50.7 38.3 39.2 West Virginia 65.2 69.3 55.1 51.6 35.9 35.8 71.9 72.9 39.3 36.6 28.3 26.7 South Carolina 69.2 71.7 45.1 41.3 31.2 29.6 Georgia 71.7 70.2 45.0 40.2 32.7 28.2 Florida 15.0 12.4 34.4 34.6 0. 4 4.3 East South Central: Kentucky 86.3 85.5 64.7 02.5 55.8 53.4 Tennessee 75.1 76.2 54.3 50.4 40.8 38.4 Alabama 63.2 63.0 46.8 41.8 29.5 26.4 Mississippi 62.5 61.5 48.5 41.6 30.4 25.6 West South Central: , Arkansas 51.8 49.5 46.4 41.8 24.0 20.7 Louisiana 35.9 38.1 50.5 42.2 18.2 10.1 Oklahoma 65.0 51.7 60.8 37.3 39.5 19.3 Texas 67.0 74.9 24.3 15.6 16.3 11.7 Mountain: Montana 14.5 12.7 20.9 14.7 3.9 1.9 Idaho 9.9 6.0 52.6 44.1 .5.2 2.6 Wyoming 13.7 13.0 14.7 9.8 2.0 1.3 Colorado 20.4 14.3 31.8 24.0 6.5 3.4 New Mexico 14.4 6.5 13.0 6.4 1.8 0.4 Arizona 1.7 2.7 28.1 13.2 0.5 0.3 Utah 6.5 7.8 40.3 2.5.1 2.6 2.0 Nevada 3.9 3.7 27.7 22.3 1.1 0.8 Pacific: Washington 27.4 19.9 54.4 40.8 14.9 8.1 Oregon 19.1 16.5 36.6 33.0 7.0 5.4 California 28.0 28.9 40.8 41.5 11.4 12.0 In the North, as shown in Table 6, improved farm land represents 49. .3 per cent of the total land area; in the South, 26.8 per cent; and in tho West, 5 per cent. East of tho Mississippi the proportion is 39.8 per cent; west of the river, 19.2. Table (> SECTION. PERCENT LAND IN FARMS FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA. PERCENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. PER CENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA IMPROVED. 1910 1900 1910 ItlOO 1910 1900 United States 46.2 44.1 54.4 49.4 25.1 21.8 The North 70.4 65. I 70. 1 08.3 49.3 44.5 Tlie South 63. 1 64.4 42.5 34.8 20.8 22.4 Tnc West 14.7 12.4 34.2 29.0 , 5.0 3.6 East of the Mississippi 66.8 67. 1 59.5 57.7 39.8 38.7 West of the Mississippi . . . 37.8 34.8 50.8 4.3.0 19.2 14.9 Average size of farms. — Table 13, on page 280, shows the average acreage and improved acreage per farm. The farms are smaller in the older sections of the country than in the newer. They are, also, in general, smaller in the Southern states than in the Northern. Tliis latter condition, however, is due largely to the fact that the land operated by each tenant is, in the census statistics, treated as a separate farm. In cer- tain Southern states there are stiU many so-called plantations consisting of several or even many tenant holdings. In many cases these plantations as a whole are as truly agricultural units as large farms in the North operated by hired labor. More specifically, the average size of farms is small- est in the East South Central division — 78.2 acres. It is 92.2 acres in the Middle Atlantic division, 93.3 in the South Atlantic, 104.4 in the New England, and 105 in the East North Central. These five divisions do not differ so widely from one another as they all do from the four divisions lying west of the Mississippi River, in wliich the farms average much larger, ranging from 179.3 acres in the West South Central to 324.5 acres in the Mountain division. From the standpoint of cultivation of the soil, as distinguished from grazing, the average number of improved acres per farm furnishes a better basis for comparison of size than the average number of acres of all land, and in this respect the divisions rank quite differently. While the average size of farms in the country as a whole has deci'eased about 6 per cent since 1900, it has increased in the East and West North Central divi- sions, and hi the New England and ^Middle Atlantic divisions the decrease is small. But in the three southern divisions and in the Mountain and Pacific divisions the decrease in the size of farms has been conspicuous. The following table shows the average size of farms in the North, the South, and the West, and in the territory east and west of the Mississippi, respectively: Table 7 SECTION. AVERAGE ACRES OF LAND PER FARM. AVERAGE IMPROVED ACRES PER FARM. 1910 1900 1910 1900 138.1 146.2 75.2 72.2 143.0 133. 2 100.3 90.9 114.4 138. 2 48.6 48.1 296.9 386.1 101.7 111.8 93.0 211.3 99. 8 55.4 57.6 229.0 107.4 98.4 PER CENT LAND IN FARMS FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA, BY COUNTIES: 1910 ( 272 ) PER CENT IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS FORMS OF TOTAL LAND AREA, BY COUNTIES: 1910. [Per cent for the United States, 25.t.] 72497°— 13 18 (273) 274 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES : 1910 AND 1900. Geographic distribution of farm values. — Table 10 (p{). 270 and 277) shows for cacli division and state for 1010 and 1000 the value of all farm property and that of each class, togetlier with increases. The distribution of farm values among the divi- sions and states of the country differs cpiite rad- ically from the distribution of land in farms, since there are wide dilferences in the average value of farm land and farm ecpiipment per acre in the different sec- tions of the country. The following table shows what percentage of the total value of all farm property and of each class thereof in the United States is reported from each geogra])hic division or section: Table 8 PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTALS. DIVISION OR SECTION . All farm property. Land. Build- ings. Imple- ments and ma- chinery. Live stock. United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New Enqland 2.1 1.3 5.3 4.0 2.0 Middle Atlantic 7.2 5.1 15.5 13.2 7.1 East North Central 24.7 25.4 26.0 21.2 19.8 West North Central 33.0 35.3 24.7 29.2 31.5 South Atlantic 7.2 6.6 9.5 7.8 7.4 East South Central 5.3 4.7 6.5 6.0 7.5 West South Central 9.4 9.5 6.5 9.5 12.0 Moimtain 4.3 4.1 2.3 3.9 7.9 Pacilic 6.8 7.9 3.7 5.2 4.8 The North 67.0 67.2 71.5 67.7 60.4 The South 21.9 20.8 22.6 23.2 26.9 The West 11.1 12.0 6.0 9.1 12.7 East of the Mississippi 46.5 43.1 62.8 52.2 43.8 West of the Mississippi 53.5 56.9 37.2 47.8 56.2 Table 8 shows that nearly one-third of the total value of farm property in 1910 was found in the West North Central division alone, and nearly one-fourtli in the East North Central, leaving only about 42 per cent for the other seven geographic divisions. An examination of Table 10, however, shows that the East North Central division had a smaller proportion of the total value of farm propert 5 Mn 1910 than in 1900. The same is true of three other easterR divisions, the New England, Middle Atlantic, and East South Central; but the South Atlantic division and all four of the divisions lying west of the Mississippi River contributed a larger ])roportion of the total value of farm property in the later j^'ear than in the earlier. In the North as a whole the value of farm property in 1910 constituted 67 per cent of the total for the United States; in the South, 21.9 ])er cent; and in the West, 11.1 per cent. The territory cast of the Missis- si])])! River comprised 46.5 per cent of all farm prop- erty and that west of the river 5.3.5 per cent. Increase in value of farm property. — Between 1900 and 1910 the total value of farm property in the United States doubled, increasing 100.5 per cent. This extraordinary increase in value has been shared by every state. (The District of Columbia, although listed in the tables, counts for but little in agricul- tural statistics.) Moreover, there has been an increase in every state in the value of each class of farm property, with the sole exce])tion of the value of implements and machinery in Louisiana. The appar- ent decrease in this item in Louisiana is misleading, being due mainly, if not wholly, to the fact that the returns for 1900 included as implements and machinery the equipment of sugar mills on plantations, which was excluded, as being manufacturing property, in 1910. In absolute amount of increase in the value of all farm property the West North Central division far exceeds any other, the increase of $7,714,000,000 there representing considerably more than one-third of the total increase for the entire country. The East North Central, West South Central, and Pacific divisions follow, in the order named, in the absolute amounts added to the value of farm property. The divisions, however, rank differently with respect to the percent- ages of increase. The Mountain division shows the most remarkable relative increase, 192.3 per cent, fol- lowed in order by the Pacific, West South Central, West North Central, and South Atlantic divisions. In each of these five divisions the increase exceeded 100 per cent. Tlie lowest rate of increase was in the Middle Atlantic division, 28.1 per cent. As shown in Table 9, the relative increase in the value of all farm property in the South, 110.1 per cent, exceeded that in theNorth, 90.1 percent; butboth, as might be expected, fell below the West, in which the increase was 164.7 per cent. The absolute increase in the North, however, over $13,000,000,000, greatly ex- ceeded that in the other two sections combined, repre- senting in fact almost two-thirds of the total increase for the United States. ' For the entire territory east of the Mississippi River the percentage of increase in the value of all farm property was 69.1 and for the territory west of the river 139.3. Table 9 SECTION. VALUE OF ALL FARM PROPERTY. TER CENT OF INCREASE: 1900-1910 1910 1900 Increase. .Ml farm property. Land. Buildings. Imple- ments and ma- ehinory. Live stock. United States $40,991,449,090 $20,439,901,164 $20,651,547,926 100.5 118.1 77.8 68.7 60.1 The North 27,481,267,0.56 14,455,452,476 13, 02,5, 814, .580 90.1 KM. 2 69. 2 65. 0 .56.8 The South 8,972,126,889 4, 269, 8.54, 719 4,702,272,170 110.1 131.3 99.0 62.9 ()3.5 The West 4,538,055,145 1,714,593,969 2,823,461,170 104. 7 203.5 125.0 119.0 70.1 East of the Mississippi 19,079,930,097 11,284, 3,58,101 7,795,571,996 69.1 73.4 02.5 50.7 62. 0 West of the Mississippi 21,911,518, 993 9, 155, .543, 063 12, 755, 975, 930 139. 3 171.0 111.6 84.2 58. 7 AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND IN FARMS PER ACRE, BY COUNTIES: 1910. n a O p4 « . o © O Ti ^ 3T3 « C o'® §2 ■3 J> 73 tx,-^ u tuod l-S g-a '0-C3 C3 cc ■§ a li CO *2 M)d a P* ‘S S ( 275 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE FARM PROPERTY— VALUE OF EACH CLASS OF FARM PROPERTY, WITH AMOUNTS [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tabfio lO DIVISION OR STATE. ALL FARM PROPERTY. LAND. 1910 1901) Increase. 1910 1900 Increase. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States $40,991,449,090 $20,439,901,164 $20,551,547,926 100.5 $28,475,674,169 $13,058,007,995 $15,417,666,174 118.1 Geographic divisions: New England 867,240,457 639,645,900 227,594,557 35.6 382, 134,424 283,460,803 98,673,621 34.8 Middle Atlantic 2,959,589,022 2,310,880,728 648,702,294 28.1 1,462,321,005 1,219,928,090 242,392,915 19.9 East North Central 10,119, 128,066 5,683,925,367 4,435,202,099 78.0 7,231,699,114 3,973,023,780 3,258,675,334 82.0 West North Central 13,535,309,511 5,820,994,481 7,714,315,030 132.5 10,052,560,913 3,892,877,273 6, 159,683,640 158.2 South Atlantic 2,951,200,773 1,454,031,316 1,497,169,457 103.0 1,883,349,675 899,820,936 983,528,739 109.3 East South Central 2,182,771,779 1,195,868,790 986,902,989 82.5 1,326,826,864 708,153,451 618,673,413 87.4 West South Central 3,838,154,337 1,619,954,613 2,218,199,724 136.9 2,716,098,530 953,785,562 1,702,312,968 184.8 Mountain 1,757,573,368 601,264, 180 1,150,309,188 192.3 1,174,370,096 284,064,810 890,305,286 313.4 Pacific 2,780,481,777 1,113, .329, 789 1,667, 151,988 149.7 2,246,313,548 842,893,290 1,403,420,258 166.5 New England: Maine 199,271,998 122,410,904 76,861,094 CAS 86,481,395 49,359,450 37, 121,945 75.2 New Hampshire 103,704,196 85,842,096 17,862,100 20.8 44,519,047 35,498,700 9,020,287 25.4 Vermont 145,399,728 108,451,427 36,948,301 34.1 58,385,327 45,813,905 12,571,422 27.4 Massachusetts 226,474,025 182,640,704 43,827,321 24.0 105,532,616 86,925,410 18,607,206 21.4 Rhode Island 32,990,739 26,989,189 6,001,550 22.2 15,009,981 13,421,770 1,588,211 11.8 Connecticut 159,399,771 113,305,580 46,094,191 40.7 72,206,058 52,441,508 19,764,550 37.7 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,451,481,495 1,069,723,895 381,757,000 35.7 707,747,828 551,174,220 156,573,608 28.4 New Jersey 254,832,665 189,533,660 65,299,005 34.5 124,143,167 93,360,930 30,782,237 33.0 Pennsylvania 1,253,274,862 1,051,629,173 201,645,689 19.2 630,430,010 575,392,940 55,037,070 9.6 East North Central: Ohio 1,902,694,589 1,198,923,946 703,770,643 58.7 1,285,894,812 817,163,710 468, 731, 102 57.4 Indiana 1,809,135,238 978,016,471 830,518,767 84.9 1,328,196,545 687,633,460 • 640,563,085 93.2 Illinois - 3,905,321,075 2,004,316,897 1,901,004,178 94.8 3,090,411,148 1,514,113,970 1,576,297,178 104. 1 Michigan 1,088,858,379 690,355,734 398,502,645 57.7 615,258,348 423,509,950 191,688,398 45.3 Wisconsin 1,413,118,785 811,712,319 601,406, 466 74.1 911,938,261 5.30,542,690 381,395,571 71.9 West North Central: Minnesota 1,476,411,737 788,684,642 687,727,095 87.2 1,019, 102,027 559,301,900 459,800,127 82.2 Iowa 3,745,860,544 1,834,345,546 1,911,514,998 104.2 2,801,973,729 1,256,751,980 1,545,221,749 123.0 Missouri 2,052,917,488 1,033,121,897 1,019,795,591 98.7 1,445,982,389 695,470,723 750,511,666 107.9 North Dakota 974,814,205 255,266,751 719,547,454 281.9 730,380, 131 173,352,270 557,027,861 321.3 South Dakota 1,166,096,980 297,525,302 868,571,078 291.9 902,606,751 189,206,890 713,399,861 377.1 Nebraska 2,079,818,647 747,950,057 1,331,868,590 178.1 1,614,539,313 486,605,900 1,127,933,413 231.8 Kansas 2,039,389,910 864,100,286 1,175,289,024 136.0 1,537,976,573 532,187,610 1,005,788,963 189.0 South Atlantic: Delaware 63,179,201 40,697,654 22,481,547 55.2 34,938, 101 23,768,820 11,169,341 47.0 Maryland 286,167,028 204,645,407 81,521,621 39.8 163,451,614 120,367,550 43,084,064 35.8 District of Columbia 8, 476, 533 11,535,376 -3,058,843 -26.5 7, 193, 950 9,700,230 -2,506,280 -25.8 Virginia 625,065,383 323,515,977 301,549,400 93.2 394,658,912 200,015,080 194,043,832 96.7 West Virginia 314, 738,. 540 203,907,349 110,831,191 54.4 207,075,759 1,34,269,110 72,806,649 54.2 North Carolina 537,716,210 233,834,693 303,881,517 130.0 343,164,945 141,955,840 201,209, 105 141.7 South Carolina 392,128,314 153,591,159 238,537,155 155.3 268,774,854 99,805,860 108,968,994 169.3 Georgia 680,546,381 228,374,637 352,171.744 154. 2 370,353,415 138,515,430 231,837,985 167.4 Florida 143,183,183 53,929,064 89,254,119 165.5 93,738,065 30,823,010 62,915.049 204.1 East South Central: Kentucky 773,797,880 471,045,856 302,752,024 64.3 484,464,617 291,117,4.30 193,347, 187 06.4 Tennessee 612,520,836 341,202,025 271,318,811 79.5 371,415,783 202,013,790 109,401,993 83.9 Alabama 370, 138, '429 179,399,882 190,738,547 106.3 210,944,175 100.165.571 116,778.604 116.6 Mississippi 420,314,634 204,221,027 222,093,607 108.8 254,002,289 114,8.56,660 139, 145,629 121. 1 West South Central: Arkansas 400,089,303 181,416,001 218, 673.. 302 120. 5 246,021,450 105, 106, 650 140,914,800 134.1 Louisiana 301,220,988 198, .536, 900 102,684,0.82 51.7 187.803,277 107,7.30,210 80,073,067 74.3 Oklahoma 918,198,882 1 277,525,433 640,673,449 230. 9 649,006,608 1 149,397,900 499,668,768 334.5 Texas 2,218,645,164 902,476,273 1,256, 108,891 130.5 1,633,207, 135 ,591,550,802 1,041,050,333 176.1 Mountain: Montana 347,828,770 117,859,823 229,968,947 195.1 226, 771,. 302 52, 660, 560 174,110,742 330.6 Idaho 305,317,185 67,271,202 238,045,983 353.9 219,953,310 35,486,308 184,406,948 519.8 Wyoming 1C7,18Q,081 67,477,407 99,711,674 147.8 88,908,276 23,434,010 65,474,206 279.4 Colorado 491,471,806 101,045,101 330, 420, 705 205.2 362,822,205 90,.341,.523 272,480,082 301.0 New Mexico 1,59,447.990 53,767,824 105, 680. ICG 196.0 98,806,497 17,323,709 81,482,788 470.4 Arizona 75,123,970 20,993,847 45, 130, 123 150.5 42,349,737 11,416,460 30,933,277 271.0 U tab 1.50,795,201 75, 175, 141 75,620,060 100.6 99,482,164 40, 126,560 59,355,604 147.9 Nevada 60,399,305 28,073,835 31,725,530 110.6 35,276,599 13,275,020 22,000,979 105.7 Pacific: Wasliington 6.37,543,411 144, 040, ,547 493,502,864 342.6 517,421,998 99,310,510 418.111,488 421.0 Oregon 528,243,782 172,701,287 3.55, 482, 495 205.8 411,690,102 113,1.37,820 298,5.58.282 203.9 California 1.614,694,584 796,527,9.55 818,160,029 102.7 1,317.195,448 630.444,960 6,86,750,488 108.9 > Includes Indian Territory. 277 FAKMS AND FARM PROPERTY. AND I'ERCENTAGES OF INCREASE, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrea.so.] BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. LIVE STOCK. Increase. Increase. Increase 1910 1900 lUlU 1900 1910 1900 Amount. Percent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Percent 1 $6,325,451,528 $3,556,639,496 $2,768,812,032 77.8 $1,265,149,783 $749,775,970 $515,373,813 68.7 $4,925,173,610 $8,075,477,703 $1,849,696,907 60.1 2 3:!G, 410,384 244,806,945 91,603,439 37.4 50,798,826 36,551,820 14,247,006 39.0 97,896,823 74, 826,. 332 23,070,491 30.8 3 980,628,098 729,069,850 251,558,248 34.5 167,480,384 116,253,270 51,227,114 44. 1 349,159,535 243,635,518 103,524,017 42.1 4 1,642,292,480 939,573,660 702,718,820 74.8 268,806,550 160,694,220 102,112,330 61.3 976,329,922 004,633,707 371,096,215 61.5 5 1.562, 104,957 758, 405, 725 803,699,232 106.0 368,935,544 197,367,840 171,507,704 86.9 1,551,708,097 972,343,643 579,364,454 69.6 (j 603,086,799 306,528,682 296,558,117 96.7 98,230, 147 53,318,890 44,911,257 84.2 366,534, 152 194,362,808 172,171,344 88.6 7 411,570,975 225,627,372 185,943,603 82.4 75,339,333 48,767,235 26,572,098 64.5 369,034,607 213,320,732 • 155,713,875 73.0 8 412,498,352 185,105,506 227,392,846 122.8 119,720,377 77,925,050 41,795,327 53.6 589,837,078 403,138,495 186,698,583 46.3 9 145,026,777 54,554,862 90,471,915 165.8 49,429,975 18,807,620 30,622,355 162.8 388,746,520 243,836,888 144,909,632 59.4 10 231,832,706 112,966,894 118,865,812 105.2 66,408,647 34,090,025 32,318,622 94.8 235,926,876 123,379,580 112,547,296 91.2 11 73,138,231 47, 142,700 25,995,531 55.1 14,490,533 8,802,720 5,687,813 64.6 25,161,839 17, 106,034 8,055,805 47.1 12 41,397,014 34,625,600 6,771,414 19.6 5,877,657 5,163,090 714,567 13.8 11,910,478 10,554,646 1,355,832 12.8 13 54,202,948 37,257,715 16,945,233 45.5 10,168,6,87 7,538,490 2,630,197 34.9 22, 642, 766 17,841,317 4,801,449 26.9 14 88,636, 149 71,093,880 17,542,269 24.7 11,563,894 8,828,950 2,734,944 31.0 20,741,366 15,798,464 4,942,902 31.3 15 12,922,879 9,703,490 3,219,389 33.2 1,781,407 1,270,270 511,137 40.2 3,276, 472 2,593,659 682,813 26.3 IG 66, 113, 163 44,983,560 21,129,603 47.0 6,916,648 4,948,300 1,968,348 39.8 14,163,902 10,932,212 3,231,690 29.6 17 476,998,001 336,959,960 140,038,041 41.6 83,644,822 56,006,000 27,638,822 49.3 183,090,844 125,583,715 57,507,129 45.8 18 92,991,352 69,230,080 23,761,272 34.3 13,109,507 9,330,030 3,779,477 40.5 24,588,639 17,612,620 6,976,019 39.6 19 410,638,745 322,879,810 87,758,935 27.2 70,726,055 50,917,240 19,808,815 38.9 141,480,052 102,439,183 39,040,869 38.1 20 368,257,594 219,451,470 148,806, 124 67.8 51,210,071 36,354, 150 14,855,921 40.9 197,332,112 125,954,616 71,377,496 56.7 21 266,079,051 154,101,880 111,977,171 72.7 40,999,541 27,330,370 13,669, 171 50.0 173,860,101 109,550,761 64,309,340 58.7 22 432,381,422 251,467,580 180,913,842 71.9 73,724,074 44,977,310 28, 746, 764 63.9 308,804,431 193,758,037 115,046,394 59.4 23 285,879,951 158,947,760 126,932,191 79.9 49,916,285 28,795,380 21,120,905 73.3 137,803,795 79,042,644 58,761,151 74.3 24 289,694,462 155,604,970 134,089, 492 86.2 52,956,579 29,237,010 23,719,569 81.1 158,529,483 96,327,649 62,201,834 64.6 25 243,339,399 110,220,415 133,118,984 120.8 52,329, 165 30,099,230 22,229,935 73.9 161,641,146 89,003,097 72,578,049 81.5 20 455,405,671 240,802,810 214,602,861 89.1 95,477,948 57,960,660 37,517,288 64.7 393,003,196 278,830,096 114,173,100 40.9 27 270,221,997 148,508,490 121,713,507 82.0 50,873,994 28,602,680 22,271,314 77.9 285,839, 108 160,540,004 125,299, 104 78.0 28 92,276,613 25,428,430 66,848,183 262.9 43,907,595 14,055,560 29,852,035 212.4 108,249,866 42,430,491 65,819,375 155.1 29 102,474,056 30,926,300 71,547,756 231.3 33,786,973 12,218,*680 21,568,293 176.5 127,229,200 65,173,4.32 62,055,768 95.2 30 198,807,622 91,054, 120 107,753,502 118.3 44,249,708 24,940,450 19,309,258 77.4 222,222,004 145,349,587 76,872,417 52.9 31 199,579,599 111,465,160 88,114,439 79.1 48,310, 161 29,490,580 18,819,581 63.8 253,523,577 190,956,936 62,566,641 32.8 32 18,217,822 10,667,220 7,550,602 70.8 3,206,095 2, 150,560 1,055,535 49.1 6,817,123 4,111,054 2,706,069 65.8 33 78,285,509 54,810,760 23,474,749 42.8 ll,a59,771 8,611,220 3,248,551 37.7 32,570,134 20,855,877 11,714,257 56.2 34 1,037,393 1,573,760 -536,367 -34. 1 92,350 136,060 -43,710 -32.1 152,840 125,326 27,514 22.0 35 137,399, 150 70,963,120 66,436,030 93.6 18,115,883 9,911,040 8,204,843 82.8 74,891,438 42,026,737 32,864,701 78.2 36 57,315,195 34,026,560 23,288,635 68.4 7,011,513 5,040,420 1,971,093 39.1 43,336,073 30,571,259 12,764,814 41.8 37 113,459,662 52,700,080 60,759,582 11.5.3 18,441,619 9,072,600 9,369,019 103. 3 62,649,984 30, 106, 173 32,543,811 108.1 38 64,113,227 26,955,670 37, 157,557 137.8 14,108,853 6,629,770 7,479,083 112.8 45,131,380 20, 199,859 24,931,521 123.4 39 108,850,917 44,854,690 63,996,227 142.7 20,948,056 9,804,010 11,144,046 113.7 80,393,993 35,200,507 45,193,486 128.4 40 24,407,924 9,976,822 14,431,102 144.6 4,446,007 1,963,210 2,482,797 126.5 20,591,187 11,166,016 9,425, 171 84.4 41 150,994,755 90,887,460 60,107,295 66.1 20,851,846 15,301,860 5,549,986 36.3 117,486,662 73, 739, 106 43,747,556 59.3 42 109,106,804 63,136,960 45,969,844 72.8 21,292,171 15,232,670 6,059,501 39.8 110,706,078 60,818,605 49,887,473 82.0 43 71,309,416 34,452,612 36,856,804 107.0 16,290,004 8,675,900 7,614, 104 87.8 65,594,834 36,105,799 29,489,035 81.7 44 80, 160,000 37,150,340 43,009,660 115.8 16,905,312 9,556,805 7,348,507 76.9 75,247,033 42,657,222 32,589,811 76.4 45 63,145,363 30,075,520 33,069,843 110.0 16,864,198 8,750,060 8,114,138 92.7 74,058,292 37,483,771 36,574,521 97.6 46 49,741,173 33,400,400 16,340, 773 48.9 18,977,053 28,536,790 -9,559,737 -33.5 44,699,485 28,869,506 15,829,979 54.8 47 89,610,556 121,406,775 68,203,781 318.6 27,088,806 110,512,495 16,576,371 157.7 152,432,792 '96,208,263 56,224,529 58.4 48 210,001,260 100,222,811 109,778,449 109.5 56,790,260 30, 125, 705 26,064,555 88.5 318,646,509 240,576,955 78,069,554 32.5 49 24,854,628 9,365,530 15,489,098 165.4 10,539,653 3,671,900 6,867,753 187.0 85,663, 187 52,161,833 33,501,354 64.2 50 25,112,509 6,831,815 18,280,694 267.6 10,476,051 3,295,045 7, 181,006 217.9 49,775,309 21,657,974 28,117,335 129.8 51 9,007,001 3,531,520 5,475,481 155.0 3,068,294 1,366,000 2,302,294 168.5 65,005,510 39,145,877 26,459,633 67.6 52 45,696,656 16,002,512 29,694,144 185. 6 12,791,001 4,746,755 8,044,846 169.5 70, 161,344 49,954,311 20,207,033 40.5 53 13,024,502 3,565,105 9,459,397 205.3 4,122,312 1,151,610 2,970,702 258.0 43,494,679 31,727,400 11,767,279 37.1 54 4,935,573 2,266,500 2,669,073 117.8 1,787,790 765,200 1,022,590 133.6 26,050,870 15,545,687 10,505,183 67.6 55 18,063,168 10,651,790 7,411,378 69.6 4,468, 178 2,922,550 1,545,628 52.9 28,781,691 21,474,241 7,307,450 34.0 56 4,332,740 2,340,090 1,992,650 85.2 1,576,096 888,560 687,536 77.4 19,213,930 12,169,565 7,044,365 57.9 57 54,546,459 16,299,200 38,247,259 234.7 16,709,844 6,271,630 10,438,214 166.4 48,865,110 22,159,207 26,705,903 120.5 58 43,880,207 19,199,694 24,680,513 128.5 13,205,645 6,506,725 6,698,920 103.0 59,461,828 33,917,048 25,544,780 75.3 59 133,406,040 77,468,000 55,938,040 72.2 36,493, 158 21,311,670 15,181,488 71.2 127,599,938 67,303,325 60,296,613 89.6 278 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Average value of farm property per acre of land. — Mucli more siguificant than comparisons between states and divisions with respect to the total value of farm jiroperty aie comparisons of the average value of farm proi)(!rly per acre of land in farms. Table 1 2 shows for each division and state the average value, per acre of fm-m land, of all farm proj)erty and of each class. In the average value of all farm property per acre of farm land the geographic division which ranks highest is the East North Central, the average in that division being $85.81. The Middle Atlantic divi- sion is next ($68.52 per acre), followed by the West North Central ($58.18), Pacific ($54.17), and New England ($43.99) divisions in the order named. In the Mountain division, as well as in each of the three southern divisions, the average value of farm property per acre falls between $20 and $30. The average value of land itself ])er acre ranges from $61.32 in the East North Central division to $16.06 in the West South Central. The values are much lower in New England, the three southern divisions, and the Mountain division than in the other four divisions. The southern divisions of the country in general show greater percentages of increase in the value of all farm property per acre of farm land during the past decade tluin the northern divisions. The West South Central division outranks all others in this respect, with an increase of 147.2 per cent. The two most westerly divisions, klountain and Pacific, rank next in percentage of increase, followed by the South Atlantic and the West North Central. In all five of the divisions just named the average value of all farm property per acre of land was more than twice as high in 1910 as in 1900. The lowest rate of increase, 33 per cent, was in the Middle Atlantic division. The principal factor in the increase of the value of farm property as a whole has been the increase in the value of land per acre. In five of the nine geographic divisions — namely, the four west of the klississippi River, together with the South Atlantic — the average value of land in farms per acre was more than twice as liigh in 1910 as in 1900; in the Mountain division it was more than three times as liigh. In the East North Central and East South Central divisions the increase in value of farm land per acre exceeded 75 per cent. The lowest percentages of increase were in the IVliddle Atlantic and New England divisions — 24.5 per cent and 40.5 per cent, respectively. Tabic 1 1 SECTION. AVERAGE VALUE OF ALL FARM PROPERTY PER ACRE. LAND. BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTS AND MACUINERY. LIVE stock:. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per cent of in- crease. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States The North The South The West East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi $46. 64 C6.40 25. 31 40.93 $24. 37 37.77 11.79 18.28 $22. 27 28. C9 13.52 , 22.65 91.4 76.0 114.7 123.9 $32.40 4(5.28 16. 72 30.86 $15. 57 24.48 7.08 12.01 $16. 83 21.78 9.64 18.85 108.1 89.0 136.2 157.0 $7.20 10.93 4.03 3.40 $4.24 6. 98 1.98 1.79 69.8 56.0 103.5 89.9 $1.44 2. 07 0. 83 1.04 $0. 89 1.35 0.50 0. 56 61.8 53.3 66.0 85.7 $5. 60 7(20 3. 74 5.63 $3.67 4.96 2.24 3. 92 62.6 45.2 67.0 43.6 52.11 42. 74 30. 72 19. 43 21.39 23.31 69.6 120.0 33.56 31.58 19.29 12.67 14. 27 18.91 74.0 149.3 10.85 4.59 6.66 2.36 62.9 94.5 1.80 1. 18 1.15 0.70 56.5 68.6 5.90 5.40 3.03 3.70 62.5 45.9 The average value of all farm property in the North, as shown in Table 1 1, is equal to $66.46 for each acre of land in farms, in the South to $25.31 , and in the West to $40.93. The South shows a decidedly higher percent- age of increase in the average during the past decade than the North. The average value of land per acre is shown by counties in the map on page 275. It should be noted that the averages are based only on land in farms. Each county as a whole is shaded according to the average value per acre of land in farms, even though only a small proportion of the county may actually be occupied by farm land. There are, for exam{)le, certain counties in the West in which, usually because of irrigation, the average value of land in farms exceeds $100 per acre, but in which less than one-fifth of the total area is in farms. Somewhat similar conditions appear in several counties in Florida and a few else- where. Comparison should t herefore be made between this map and the map on page 272 showing the [)ro- portion of the total land area of each county Avhich is occupied by farms. Average value of farm property per farm. -Table 1 3, on page 280, shows the average value per farm of all farm property and of each class, and also, as a means of judging the significance of the figures, the average acreage and improved acreage jjer farm. Owing to the combined effect of large average size of farms and liigh average value of farm property per acre, the Pacific and West North Central divisions conspicuously lead all others in average value of all farm property per farm, the average for the Pacific division being $14,643. On account of the large aver- age acreage of farms, the Mountain division ranks next to the West North Central in average value of farms and, on account of the high average value of farm property per acre, the East North Central ranks next. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divi- sions the average values per farm — $2,654 and $2,094, respectively — are very much lower than those in the other divisions, the farms themselves being small and their average value per acre comparatively low. If each plantation in the South were treated as a single farm, the average value of ])roperty per farm would be considerably Ifigher than shown in the table. In every division the average value of farms has increased greatly since 1900; in the West North Cen- tral division it has more than doubled. FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY 279 FARM PROPERTY— AVERAGP: VALUE OF EACH CLASS OF FARM PROPERTY PER ACRE OF LAND IN 'FARMS, WITU INCREASES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. | Tublv l‘i ALL FAKM PROPERTY. LAND. BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. LIVE STOCK. DIVISION OR STATE. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Pcrct. of in- crease. 1910 1900 Per ct. of in- crease. 1910 liKK) ■Per ct. of in- crease. Amt. Per et. Amt. Per ct. United States. . . $16.64 $24.37 $22.27 91.4 $32.40 $15.57 $16.83 108.1 $7.20 $4.24 69.8 $1.44 $0.89 61.8 $5.60 $3.67 52.6 Geographic divisions: New Engiand 43.99 31.13 12.86 41.3 19.38 13.79 5.59 40.5 17.00 11.91 43.2 2.58 1.78 44.9 4. 97 3.64 36.5 Middle Atlantic 68.52 51.51 17.01 33.0 33.80 27. 19 6. 67 24.5 22. 70 16.25 39.7 3.88 2.59 49.8 8.08 5. 48 47.4 East North Central. 85.81 48. 86 36.95 75.6 61.32 34. 15 27. 17 79.0 13.93 8.08 72.4 2.28 1.43 59.4 8.28 5.20 59.2 W est North Central. 58. 18 28.96 29.22 100.9 43.21 19.37 23.84 123. 1 ' 6.71 3.77 78.0 1.59 0.98 62.2 0. 67 4.84 37.8 South Atlantic 28. 44 13.94 14.50 104.0 18. 15 8.63 9. 52 110.3 5.81 2.94 97.6 0.95 0.51 86.3 3.53 1.86 89.8 East South Central. 26.78 14. 72 12.06 81.9 16.28 8.72 7. 56 80.7 5.05 2.78 81.7 0.92 0.60 53.3 4.53 2.03 72.2 West South Central. 22.69 9. 18 13.51 147.2 16.06 5. 40 10.66 197.4 2.44 1.05 132.4 0.71 0.44 61.4 3.49 2.28 53.1 Mountain 29.52 12.96 16.56 127.8 19. 73 6.12 13.61 222. 4 2.44 1.18 106.8 0.83 0.41 102.4 6.53 5.20 24.1 Pacific New England: Maine 54.17 23.49 30.68 130.6 43.76 17.78 25.98 140.1 4.52 2.38 89.9 1.'29 0. 72 79.2 4.60 2.60 76.9 31.65 19.43 12.22 62.9 13.73 7.83 5.90 75.4 11.62 7.48 55.3 2.30 1.40 64.3 4.00 2.72 47.1 New Hampshire... 31.91 23.78 8. 13 34.2 13.70 9.83 3.87 39.4 12. 74 9.59 32.8 1.81 1.43 20.6 3.67 2.92 25.7 Vermont 31.18 22. 96 8.22 35.8 12.52 9.70 2.82 29.1 11.62 7.89 47.3 2. 18 1.60 36.3 4.86 3.78 28.6 Massachusetts 78.75 58.04 20.71 35.7 36.69 27.62 9.07 32.8 30.82 22.59 36.4 4.02 2.81 43.1 7.21 5.02 43.6 Rhode Island 74.42 59.24 15. 18 25.6 33.86 29.46 4.40 14.9 29. 15 21.30 36.9 4.02 2.79 44.1 7. 39 5.69 29.9 Connecticut 72.93 49.01 23.92 48.8 33.03 22.68 10. 35 45.6 30.25 19.46 55.4 3; 16 2. 14 47.7 6.48 4.73 37.0 Middle Atlantic: New York 65.89 47.23 18.66 39.5 32.13 24.34 7.79 32.0 21.65 14.88 45.5 3.80 2.47 53.8 8.31 5.54 50.0 New Jersey 99.01 66.71 32.30 48.4 48.23 32.86 15.37 46.8 36.13 24.37 48.3 5.09 3.28 55.2 9.55 6.20 54.0 Pennsylvania 67.43 54.29 13. 14 24.2 33.92 29.70 4.22 14.2 22.09 16.67 32.5 3.81 2.63 44.9 7.61 5.29 43.9 East North Central: Ohio 78.93 48.93 30.00 61.3 53.34 33.35 19. 99 59.9 15.28 8.96 70.5 2.12 1.48 4.3.2 8. 19 5. 14 59.3 Indiana 84.94 45.27 39.67 87.6 62.36 31.81 30.55 96.0 12.49 7. 13 75.2 1.92 1.26 52.4 8. 16 5.07 60.9 Rlinois 120. 08 61.12 58.96 96.5 95.02 46.17 48. 85 105.8 13.29 7.67 73.3 2.27 • 1.37 65.7 9.49 5.91 60.6 Michigan 57.49 39.31 18. 18 46.2 32. 48 24. 12 8.36 34.7 15.09 9.05 66.7 2.64 1.64 61.0 7.28 4.50 61.8 Wisconsin 67. 10 40.87 26.23 64.2 43.30 26.71 16. 59 02.1 13.76 7.83 75.7 2.51 1.47 70.7 7.53 4.85 55.3 West North Central: Minnesota 53.35 30. 05 23.30 77.5 36.82 21.31 15.51 72.8 8.79 4.20 109.3 1.89 1.15 64.3 5.84 3.39 72.3 Iowa 110. 40 53.06 57.34 108.1 82.58 36.35 46.23 127.2 13.42 6.96 92.8 2.81 1.68 67.3 11.58 8.06 43.7 Missouri 59.35 30.39 28.96 95.3 41.80 20.46 21.34 104.3 7.81 4.37 78.7 1.47 0.84 75.0 8.26 4. 72 75.0 North Dakota 34.29 16. 42 17.87 108.8 25.69 11.15 14.54 130.4 3.25 1.64 98.2 1.54 0.90 71.1 3.81 2.73 39.6 South Dakota 44.82 15.60 29.22 187.3 34.69 9.92 24.77 249.7 3.94 1.62 143.2 1.30 0.64 103.1 4.89 3.42 43.0 Nebraska 53.85 25.01 28. 84 115.3 41.80 16. 27 25.53 156.9 5. 15 3.04 69.4 1.15 0.83 38.6 5.75 4.86 18.3 Kansas 47.01 20.74 26. 27 126.7 35. 45 12.77 22.68 177.6 4.60 2.68 71.6 1.11 0.71 56.3 5. 84 4.58 27.5 South Atlantic: Delaware 60.82 38.17 22.65 59.3 33.63 22.29 11.34 50.9 17. 54 10.00 75.4 3.09 2.02 53.0 6.56 3.86 69.9 Maryland 56.59 39.58 17.01 43.0 32.32 23.28 9.04 38.8 15. 48 10.60 46.0 2.35 1.67 40.7 6. 44 4.03 59.8 District of Columbia 1,398.08 1,358.86 39. 22 2.9 1,186.53 1,142.68 43.85 3.8 171.10 185.39 -7.7 15.23 16.03 -5.0 25.21 14.76 70.8 Virginia 32.06 16.25 15.81 97.3 20.24 10.08 10. 16 100.8 7.05 3.56 98.0 0.93 0.50 86.0 3.84 2.11 82.0 West Virginia 31.. 39 19. 14 12.25 64.0 20.65 12.60 8.05 63.9 5.72 3.19 79.3 0.70 0. 47 48.9 4.32 2.87 50.5 North Carolina 23.96 10.28 13.68 133.1 15.29 6.24 9.05 145.0 5.06 2.32 118.1 0.82 0. 40 105.0 2.79 1.32 111.4 South Carolina 29.02 10.98 18.04 164.3 19.89 7. 14 12.75 178.6 4. 74 1.93 145.6 1.04 0. 47 121.3 3.34 1.44 131.9 Georgia 21.54 8.65 12.89 149.0 13.74 5.25 8. 49 161.7 4.04 1.70 137.6 0.78 0. 37 110.8 2.98 1.33 124.1 Florida 27.25 12.36 14.89 120.5 17.84 7.06 10.78 152.7 4.65 2.29 103.1 0.85 0. 45 88.9 3.92 2.56 53.1 East South Central: Kentucky 34.87 21.43 13.44 62.7 21.83 13.24 8.59 64.9 6.80 4. 14 64.3 0.94 0.70 34.3 5.29 3.35 57.9 Tennessee 30.56 16.77 13.79 82.2 18. 53 9. 93 8.60 86.6 5.44 3. 10 75.5 1.06 0.75 41.3 5.52 2.99 84.6 Alabama 17. 85 , 8.67 9. 18 105.9 10. 46 4.84 5.62 116.1 3.44 1.67 106.0 0.79 0.42 88.1 3. 16 1.75. 80.6 Mississippi 22.97 11.20 11.77 105.1 13.69 6.30 7.39 117.3 4.32 2.04 111.8 0.91 0.52 75.0 4.05 2.34 73.1 West South Centr.al: Arkansas 22.97 10. 90 12.07 110.7 14. 13 6.32 7.81 123.6 3.63 1.81 100.0 0.97 0.53 83.0 4.25 2.25 88.9 Louisiana ' 28.85 17.95 10.90 60.7 17.99 9.74 8.25 84.7 4.76 3.02 57.6 1.82 2.58 -29.5 4.28 2.01 64.0 Oklahoma 31.82 12.07 19.75 163.6 22.49 6.50 15. 99 246.0 3.11 0.93 234.4 0. 94 0. 46 104.3 5.28 4. 19 26.0 Texas 19.73 7.65 12.08 157.9 14.53 4.70 9.83 209.1 1.87 0.80 133.8 0.51 0.24 112.5 2. 83 1.91 48.2 Mountain: Montana 25.68 9.95 15.73 158. 1 16.74 4. 45 12.29 276.2 1.83 0.79 131.6 0.78 0.31 151.0 6.32 4.40 43.6 Idaho 57.79 20.99 36.80 175.3 41.63 11.07 30. 56 276.1 4.75 2. 13 123.0 1.98 1.03 92.2 9. 42 6.76 39.3 Wyoming 19.57 8.31 11.26 135.5 10.41 2.88 7.53 261.5 1.05 0.43 144.2 0.43 0. 17 152.9 7.63 4.82 59.3 Colorado 36.32 17.00 19. 32 113.6 26.81 9.54 17.27 181.0 3.38 1.69 100.0 0.95 0.50 90.0 5. 18 5.27 1.7 New Mexico 14.15 10. 48 3.67 35.0 8. 77 3.38 5.39 159.5 1. 16 0.09 68.1 0.37 0. 22 68.2 3.80 6. 18 -37.5 Arizona 60.26 15. 50 44.76 288.8 33.97 5.90 28.07 475.8 3.96 1.17 238.5 1.43 0.40 257.5 20.90 8.03 160.3 Utah 44.38 18.26 26. 12 143.0 29. 28 9.75 19.53 200.3 5.32 2.59 105. 4 1.32 0.71 85.9 8. 47 5.22 62.3 Nevada 22.25 11.18 11.07 99.0 12.99 5.17 7.82 151.3 1.60 0.91 75.8 0.58 0.35 65.7 7.08 4. 74 49.4 Pacific: Washington 54.43 16. 95 37. 48 221.1 44. 18 11.68 32.50 278.3 4.06 1.92 142.7 1.43 0. 74 93.2 4.17 2. 61 59.8 Oregon 45.21 17. 15 28.06 163.6 35.23 11.23 24.00 213.7 3.76 1.91 96.9 1.13 0.65 73.8 5.09 3.37 51.0 California 57.81 27.63 30. 18 109.2 47. 16 21.87 25.29 115.6 4.78 2.69 77.7 1.31 0.74 77.0 4. 57 2.33 69. 1 280 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. FAKM LAND AND FARM PROPERTY— AVERAGES PER FARM, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table i:i avp:rage acres per farm. AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM. DIVISION OR STATE. All fanu land. Improved land. All farm property. Land. Buildings. Implements and machinery. Live stock. IDIO 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States Geoguai'iiic divisions: New England 138.1 146.2 75.2 72.2 $6,444 $3,063 $4, 476 $2, 276 $994 $620 $199 $131 $774 $536 101.4 107.1 38.4 42.4 4,593 3,. 333 2,024 1,477 1,782 1,276 209 190 519 390 Middle Atlantic 92.2 92.4 02. 0 03.4 0,319 4,759 3,122 2,512 2,094 1,501 358 239 745 506 East North Central 105.0 102.4 79.2 76.3 9,007 5,004 0,437 3,498 1,402 827 239 147 869 532 West North Central 209.6 189.5 148.0 127.9 12,195 5,488 9,057 3,070 1,407 715 332 186 1,398 917 South Atlantic 93.3 108.4 43.0 47.9 2,054 1,511 1,094 935 542 319 88 55 330 202 East South Central 78.2 89.9 42.2 44.5 2,094 1,324 1,273 784 394 250 72 54 354 236 W'ost South Central 179.3 233.8 01.8 52.7 4,069 2,140 2,880 1,204 437 245 127 103 625 534 Mountain 334.5 457. 9 80.8 82.9 9,581 5,934 6,402 2,803 791 538 269 186 2,119 2,406 Pacific m3 334.8 110.1 132.5 14,64.3 7,804 11.829 6,953 1,221 798 350 241 1,242 871 New England: Maiue 104.9 100.2 39.3 40.3 3,320 2,004 1,441 832 1,219 795 241 148 419 289 New Hampshire 120. 1 123.1 34.3 36.7 3,833 2, 927 1,646 1,211 1,530 1,181 217 176 440 360 V ermont 142.6 142.7 50.0 04.2 4,445 3,276 1,785 1,384 1,657 1,125 311 228 092 539 Massachusetts 77.9 83.4 31.5 34.3 0,135 4.843 2,859 2,305 2,401 1,885 313 234 562 419 Rhode Island 83.8 82.9 33.7 34.1 0,234 4,909 2,836 2,441 2,442 1,765 337 231 619 472 Connecticut 81.5 8.5.8 30.9 39.5 5,944 4,205 2, 693 1,940 2,466 1,669 258 184 528 406 Middle Atlanuc: New A'ork 102.2 99.9 08.8 08.8 0,732 4,718 3,283 2,431 2, 212 1,486 388 247 849 554 New Jersey 70.9 82.0 53.9 57.1 7,610 5,470 3,707 2,094 2,777 1,998 391 209 734 508 Pennsylvania 84.8 80.4 57.8 58.9 5,715 4,090 2,875 2,500 1,873 1,440 323 227 645 457 East Nortu Central: Ohio 88.0 88.5 70.7 69.5 6,994 4,333 4, 727 2,953 1,354 793 188 132 725 455 Indiana 98.8 97.4 78.6 75. 2 8,390 4,410 6,164 3,099 1,235 094 190 123 807 494 lUinoi* 129.1 124.2 111.4 104.9 15,505 7,588 12,270 5, 732 1,717 952 293 170 1,226 734 Michigan 91.5 86.4 62.0 58.0 5,261 3,396 2,973 2,084 1,381 782 241 142 666 389 Wisconsin 118.9 117.0 07. 2 06.2 7.978 4,781 5,148 3,125 1,036 916 299 172 895 567 West North Central: Minnesota 177.3 169.7 125.8 119.2 9,456 5,100 0,527 - 3,616 1,558 713 335 195 1,035 576 Iowa 156.3 151.2 135.9 1.30.8 17, 259 8,023 12,910 5, 497 2,098 1,053 440 253 1,811 1,220 Missouri 124.8 119.3 88.7 80.4 7,405 3,020 5, 210 2,441 975 521 183 100 1,031 564 North Dakota 382.3 342.9 275.1 212.8 13,109 5,631 9,822 3,824 1,241 501 590 310 1,456 936 South Dakota 335. 1 362.4 203. 8 214.5 15,018 5,654 11,625 3,5% 1,320 588 435 232 1,639 1,238 Nebraska 297.8 246. 1 188.0 151.7 16,038 6,155 12,450 4,004 1,533 749 341 205 1,714 1,196 Kansas 244.0 240.7 168.2 144.7 11,407 4,992 8, 648 3,074 1,122 044 272 170 1,426 1,103 South Atlantic: Delaware 95.9 no. 1 65.8 77.8 5,830 4,201 3,224 2,454 1,081 1,101 296 222 629 424 Maryland 103.4 112.4 68.6 70.4 5,849 4,448 3,341 2,616 1,600 1,191 242 187 6GG 454 District of Columbia 27.9 31.0 2.3.7 22. 1 39,002 42,882 33,152 36,000 4,781 5,850 420 506 704 466 Virginia 105.9 118.0 5.3.6 00.1 3,397 1,927 2. 145 1,195 747 423 98 59 407 250 West Virginia 103.7 114.7 57.1 59.2 ■ 3,255 2,196 2,142 1,440 593 366 73 ' 54 448 329 North CaroUna 88.4 101.3 34.7 37.1 2,119 1,041 1,352 032 447 235 73 40 247 134 South Carolina 76. 6 90.0 34.6 37.2 2,223 989 1,523 642 363 174 80 43 256 130 Georgia 92.0 117.5 42.3 47.2 1,995 1,010 1,273 610 374 200 72 44 276 157 Florida 105.0 100. 9 36. 1 37.0 2,863 1,321 1.874 755 488 244 89 48 412 274 East South Central- Kentucky 85.6 93.7 55.4 58.6 2,986 2,007 1,809 1,241 583 ■387 80 05 453 314 Tennessee 81.5 90.6 44.3 45.0 2, 490 1,519 1,510 899 444 281 87 08 450 271 Alabama 78.9 92.7 30.9 38.8 1,408 804 825 449 271 154 62 39 250 162 Mississippi 07.6 82.0 32.8 34.4 1,554 925 920 520 292 108 02 44 274 193 West South Central: 81. 1 93. 1 37.6 38.9 1,864 1,015 1,140 588 294 1(« 79 49 345 210 Louisiana 86.0 95.4 4,3, 8 40. 2 2,499 1,712 1,558 929 413 288 157 246 371 249 Oklahoma 151. 7 I 212. 9 92.3 1 79.4 4,828 > 2,570 3,413 ‘ 1,383 471 > 198 142 I 97 801 I 891 Texas 269.1 357.2 05.5 55.6 5,311 2,733 3,909 1,080 503 285 130 85 703 083 Mountain: Montana 510.7 885.9 1,38. 9 129.9 1.3,209 8,815 8,651 3,939 948 700 402 275 3, 208 3,901 Idaho 171.5 183. 4 90.2 80.9 9,911 3,8.50 7,140 2,031 815 391 340 188 1,010 1,240 W yoming 777. 6 1,. 333.0 114.3 1.30. 0 15,217 11,071 8,092 3,845 820 579 334 224 5,971 0,4Z5 Colorado 293. 1 383.0 93. 2 92. 1 10,045 G,.520 7,858 3,658 990 048 277 192 1,520 2,022 New Mexico 315. 9 410.8 41. 1 20.0 4,469 4, 307 2,770 1,407 305 290 no 93 1,219 2,577 Arizona 135.1 333.2 .38.0 4,3.8 8,142 5,103 4,590 1,905 5:15 390 194 132 2,823 2,676 Utah 156.7 212.4 03. 1 53.2 0,957 3,878 4,, 590 2,070 8:13 549 200 151 1,,328 1,108 Nevada 1,009.0 1,174.7 279. 7 202.3 22,462 1.3,129 13,119 0,079 1,011 1,071 580 407 7, 145 5,572 I’ACIFIC: W ashington 208.4 250.0 113.4 104. 4 11,340 4,338 9,208 2,991 971 491 297 189 870 667 Oregon 250. 8 281.0 93.9 92.9 11,009 4,821 9,048 3,157 904 530 290 182 1,307 940 California 310.7 .397. 4 12<.1. 1 104.9 18,308 10,980 14,935 8, 091 1,513 1,068 414 294 1,447 928 1 Includes Indian TeiTiU>ry. FARMS AND FARM PR()]^]^]RTY. 281 III tho North, as shown in Table 14, the average value of a farm with its equipment in 1910 was .19,507, as compared with S2,897 in the South and .‘512,155 in the West. The West leads the other two sections in the average vfdue per farm of land, of implements and machinery, and of live stock, but the average value of buildings per farm is highest in the North. The aver- age value of a farm is nearly twice as high for the ter- ritory west of tho Mississippi as for that east of the river, the excess being due to the difference in the average size of farms. In spite of the lower average size of farms, it should be noted that the average value of buildings ])er farm is higher east of tho Mississippi liiver than west. 'Tublo 11 SECTION. ALL FARM PIlOPERTy. LAND. BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. LIVE STOCK. 1910 IIMH) 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 19(MJ 1910 1900 TTnlted States . . $6, m $3, 563 $4,476 $2,276 $994 $620 $199 $131 $774 $536 The North 9.507 5,030 6,618 3,260 1,564 930 296 180 1,029 660 The South 2,897 1,629 ! 1,913 978 401 274 95 69 428 309 The West 12, 155 7,059 1 9, 162 4,639 1,009 690 310 218 1,673 1,512 East of Mississippi. 4,849 3,067 3,122 1,926 1,010 665 168 115 549 362 West of Mississippi . 9, 030 4, 448 0,672 2,902 969 540 249 159 1,140 847 FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY: 1850 TO 1910. United States as a whole. — Table 15 shows, for the United States as a whole, the population, number and acreage of farms, and value of farm property at each census from 1850 to 1910. In considering this table it should be noted that some of the figures are not entirely comparable. There have been some vari- ations from census to census in the definition of farm land and of improved farm land. Moreover, in some of the Western states, land which was formerly free public range, and as such utilized more or less exten- sively for grazing, has from time to time been brought under private ownership without involving any con- siderable change in the character or extent of the agricultural operations. This transfer of unimproved grazing land from public to private ownership tends to reduce the proportion of improved land to total land in farms. Again, the comparability of the figures regarding the number of farms is affected by the changes in i-espect to the management of planta- tions in the South which followed the Civil War. Prior to the war plantations were ordinarily worked by slave or hired labor and were reported as single units, while after the war they came more and more to be parceled out to tenants, -whose holdings are reported by the census as separate farms, even though they may be operated under a thoroughgoing supervision on the part of the owner of the plantation or his repre- sentative. Notwithstanding these qualifications, how- ever, the data presented in the table are sufficiently comparable to indicate in a broad way the agricul- tural progress of the country during the past 60 years. FARMS, FARM LAND, AND FARM PROPERTY OF THE UNITED STATES: 1850 TO 1910. Tabic 15 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1860 1860 Population 91,972,260 75,994,575 62,947,714 50, 155, 783 38,558,371 31,443,321 23, 191,876 Number of farms 6,361,502 5,737,372 4,564,641 4, 008, 907 2,659,985 2,044,077 1,449,073 Land area of the country acres. . 1,903,289,600 1,903,461,760 1,903,337,600 1,903,337,600 1,903,337,600 1,903,337,600 1,884,375,680 Land in farms acres. . 878,798,325 838,591, 774 623,218,619 5.30,081,835 407,735,041 407, 212, 538 293,560,614 Improved land in farms acres. . 478,451,750 414,498,487 357,616,755 284, 771,042 188,921,099 163, no, 720 113,032,614 Average acreage per farm 138.1 146.2 136. 5 1.33. 7 153.3 199.2 202.6 Average improved acreage per farm 75.2 72.2 78.3 71.0 71.0 79.8 78.0 Per cent of total land area in farms 46.2 44. 1 32.7 28.2 21.4 21.4 15.6 54. 4 49.4 57.4 53. 1 46.3 40. 1 38.5 Per cent of total land area unproved 25.1 21.8 18.8 15.0 9.9 8.0 6.0 Value of farm property, total $40,991,449,090 $20,439,901,164 $16,082,267,689 $12,180,501,538 $8,944,857,749 $7,980,493,063 $3,967,343,580 Land and buildings 34,801,12,5,697 16,614,647,491 13,279,252,649 10, 197,096, 776 7,444,054,402 6,645,045,007 3,271,575,420 Implements and machinery 1, 265, 149, 783 749, 775, 970 494, 247, 467 406,520,055 270,913,678 246,118,141 151,587,638 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 4, 925, 173, 610 3,075,477,703 2, 308, 767, 573 1,576, 884,707 1,229,889,609 1,089,329,915 544, 180, 516 Average value of all property per farm $6,444 $3, 563 $3, 523 $3,038 $3,303 $3,904 $2, 738 Average value of all property per acre of land in farms $46. 64 $24. 37 $25. 81 $22. 7 $21. 94 $19. 60 $13. 51 Average value of land and buildings per acre . $39. 60 $19.81 $21.31 $19. 0 $18. 26 $16. 32 $11. 14 Table 16, on page 282, shows the increase since 1850 in the number of farms, in the total farm acreage, in improved farm acreage, and in the value of farm property. The greatest increase in the number of farms and also in the improved farm acreage took place in the decade 1870 to 1880, but the greatest increase in the total farm acreage was in the decade 1890 to 1900, and by far the greatest increase in the value of farm prop- erty was in the last decade, 1900 to 1910. Comparisons of the two 30-year periods show that, while from 1850 to 1880 the agificultural industry more than kept pace with the population, it has on the whole failed to do so since 1880. The population increased 116.3 per cent between 1850 and 1880, and improved farm land increased 151.9 per cent; but from 1880 to 1910 population increased 83.4 per cent and im- proved farm land only 68 per cent. It is possible that the figures for acreage of farms and improved acreage in 1880 are, in some measure, out of line with 282 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. those for both the earlier and the later censuses, as the (lelinitious used at that census were unusually broad, but tlie degree of incomparability, if any, is not suflicient to affect materially the general conclu- sions just stated. Table Ki INCREASE. PERIOD. Acreage. Popula- tion. Number of farms. Land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of farm property. 1900U910 1.5, 977,091 624, 130 40,206,551 63, 953, 263 .$20, .551, 547, 926 1890- 19(K) i;i,0l6,861 1,172,7:11 215,373,155 56,881.732 4, 357, 633, 475 1880-1890 12,791,9:11 555, 734 87, 136, 784 72,845.713 3,901,766,151 1870-1880 11,697,412 1,348,922 128,346,794 95,849,943 3,235, 643,789 1860-1870 7,115,050 615, 908 522, 503 25,810,379 964,364,686 185O-18G0 8,251,445 595, 004 113,651.924 50, 078, 106 4,013,149,483 1880-1910: Amount 41,810,483 2,352,595 342,716,490 193,680,708 28,810,947,552 For cent 83.4 58.7 63.9 68.0 236.5 1850-1880: Amount 26,963,907 2, .5.59, 8.34 242,521,221 171,738,428 8,213, 157,958 Per cent 116.3 176.6 82.6 151.9 207.0 1850-1910: Amount 68,780,390 4,912,429 585,237,711 365, 419,136 37,024, 105,510 Per cent 296.6 339.0 199.4 323.3 933.2 The proportion of the total area of the country rep- resented by farm land has steadily increased from census to census. It was 15.6 per cent in 1850 and 46.2 per cent in 1910. The most marked increase in tliis percentage took place between 1890 and 1900, and was due largely to bringing into farms great areas of land which had formerly been free public range. The proportion of farm land improved increased steadily from 38.5 per cent in 1850 to 57.4 per cent in 1890, but because of the fact just stated it fell off by 1900, and even in 1910 was somewhat lower than in 1890, being 54.4 per cent. The proportion of the total land area of the country represented by im- proved farm land has risen steadily from 6 per cent in 1850 to 25.1 per cent in 1910. The average size of farms fell from 202.6 acres m 1850 to 133.7 acres in 1880, this dechne being due in part to the breaking up of plantations m the South, previously referred to. From 1880 to 1900, on account of the inclusion in large ranches of land which had formerly been free public domain, the average size of farms mcreased somewhat, reaching 146.2 acres m 1900, since which time it has again decreased on ac- count of the breaking up of ranches and the further subdivision of plantations m the South, The average acreage of improved land per farm has been compara- tively stationary from census to census; it was 78 acres in 1850 mid 75.2 acres in 1910. The value of farm property m 1910 was considera- bly more than ten times as great as in 1850, but more than half of the total increase has taken place hi the last decade alone. The increase in farm values was very rapid from 1850 to 1860, and from that time was more gradual until 1900. The average value of farm property per acre of land m farms m 1910 was nearly three and one-half times as great as in 1850. The increase was very rapid from 1850 to 1860, but was comparatively slight during the next three decades. The average was actually lower in 1900 than m 1890, but an extraordmary increase appeared at the census of 1910. Farms and farm property, by geographic divisions. — Tables 17 and 18 show the changes with regard to farms and farm property m each of the nine geographic divi- sions from 1850 to 1910. In consideiing these tables, due regard should be given to the conditions above re- ferred to as affecting the comparability of the statistics. The most conspicuous feature of the statistics in these tables is the movement of agriculture toward the West.. New England has actually less improved land m farms at present than it had in 1850. The acreage of farm land and of improved land in the Middle Atlantic division reached its maximum in 1880 and has smee declined. The East North Central division showed very rapid increases from 1850 to 1880, but only a moderate increase since that time. The acreage of farm land in the South Atlantic division was less in 1910 than m 1860, although improved land had increased appreciably. On the other hand, the four divisions west of the Mississippi have shown, as might be expected, extraordmary increases from census to census. In the average acreage of land per farm remarkable changes have taken place in the South and in the West. On account chiefly of the division of plantations into tenant holdings, the average farm in the three southern divisions combined was less than one-half as large in 1880 as it had been in 1850. The average size of farms in the Mountam division increased rapidly from 1850 to 1900 on account of the bringing of previously public land into large ranges. On the other hand, in the Pacific states, or more specifically in California, great tracts of land were already in 1850 included in privately owned ranches, and these have from time to time been broken up, reducnig the average size. The most striking feature of the table with regard to farm values is the decline in such values m the Southern states between 1860 and 1870, due to the dis- astrous effect of the Civil War. On the other hand, in the Northern states ipiite generally there was a decided increase in the value of farm property durmg the decade of the war. It was not until 1900 that the aggregate value of farm property hi the East South Central divi- sion again reached the figure reported hi 1860, imd the recoveiy in the South Atlantic division took .almost as long. The marked declhie hi the average value of a farm with its cciuipmcnt hi the Southern states alter 1860 was partly due to the declhie hi the ViVlue of property per acre following the war and partly to the brealdng up of plantations. FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY, 283 FARMS, LAND IN FARMS, AND POPULATION, WITH INCRKASKS, AND AVERAGES AND PERCENTAGES, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: 1850 TO 1910. (A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 17 QEOGRA.PUIC DIMSION. POPULATION. NUMBKUOF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS. IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS. PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTAL IN EACH DIVISION. Per cent land in farms form.s of total land area. Per cent of farm land im- proved AVERAGE ACRES PER FARM. Number. Per cent of in- crease. Number. Per cent of in- crease. Acres. Per cent of in- crease. Acres. Per cent of in- crease. Num- ber of farms. All farm land. Im- proved farm laud. All farm land. Im- proved farm iand. UNITED STATES 1910 91,972,266 21.0 6,361,502 10.9 878,798,325 4.8 478,451,750 15.4 100.00 100.00 100. 00 46.2 54.4 138.1 75.2 1900 75,994,575 20.7 5,737,372 25.7 838,591,774 34.6 414,498, 487 15.9 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 44.1 49.4 146.2 .72.2 1890 62,947,714 25.5 4,564,641 13.9 623,218,619 16.3 357,616,755 25.6 100. 00 100.00 100. 00 32.7 57.4 136.5 78.3 1880 50, 155,783 30.1 4,008,907 50.7 536,081, 835 31.5 284,771,042 50.7 100,00 100.00 100. 00 28.2 53.1 133.7 71.0 1870 38,558,371 22.6 2,659,985 30.1 407, 735,041 0.1 188,921,099 15.8 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 21.4 46.3 153.3 71.0 1860 31,443,321 35.6 2, 044, 077 41.1 407, 212, 538 38.7 163,110,720 44.3 100. 00 100. 00 100.00 21.4 40.1 199.2 79.8 1850. . 23, 191,876 1,449,073 293, 580, 614 113,032,614 100.00 100. 00 100. 00 15.6 38.5 202.6 78.0 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS NEW ENGLAND. 1910 6, 552, 681 17.2 188,802 -1.6 19,714,931 -4.1 7,254,904 -10.8 2.97 2.24 1.52 49.7 30.8 104.4 38.4 1900 5,592,017 19.0 191,888 1.0 20, 548,999 4.0 8, 134, 403 -24.3 3.34 2.45 1.96 51.8 39.6 107. 1 42.4 1890 4,700,749 17.2 189,961 -8.3 19,755,584 -8.0 10,738,930 -18.3 4.16 3.17 3.00 49.8 54.4 104.0 56.5 1880 4,010,529 15.0 207,232 14.7 21,483,772 9.8 13, 148, 466 9.6 5.17 4.01 4.62 54.2 fll.2 103.7 63.4 1870 3,487,924 11.2 180,649 -1.8 19,569,863 -2.7 11,997,540 -1.8 6.79 4.80 6.35 49.3 61.3 108.3 06.4 181K) 3, 135,283 14.9 183,942 9.7 20,110,922 9.5 12,215,771 9.6 9.00 4.94 7.49 50.7 60.7 109.3 66.4 1850 2, 728,116 167,651 18,367,458 11, 150,594 11.57 6.26 9.86 46.3 00.7 109.6 66.5 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. 1910 19,315,892 25.0 468,379 -3.5 43, 191,056 -3.7 29,320,894 -4.8 7.36 4.91 6.13 67.5 67.9 92.2 62.0 1900 15, 454, 678 21.6 485,618 3.6 44,860,090 4.4 30,786,211 -2.6 8.46 5.35 7.43 70.1 68.6 92.4 03.4 1890 12,706,220 21.0 468,608 -4.2 42,987,941 -7.6 31,599,094 -4.9 10.27 6.90 8.84 67.2 73.5 91.7 67.4 1880 10, 496, 878 19.1 488,907 16.1 46,501,868 7.7 33,237, 166 14.1 12.20 8.67 11.67 72.7 71.5 95.1 68.0 1870 8,810,806 18.1 420,946 10.5 43, 174,521 5.4 29,119,645 8.8 15.83 10.59 15.41 67.5 67.4 102.6 69.2 1860 7,458,985 26.4 380,993 18.3 40,970,623 11.3 26,706,140 17.4 18.64 10.06 16.41 64.0 65.3 107.5 70.3 1850 5,898,735 322, 103 36,795,377 22,805,574 90 9*1 12. 53 20. 18 57.5 62.0 114.2 70.8 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. 1910 18,250,621 14.2 1,123,489 - 1.1 117,929, 148 1.4 88,947,228 2.6 17.60 13.42 18.59 75.0 75.4 105.0 79.2 1900 15,985,581 18.6 1,135,823 12.6 116,340,761 10.0 86,670,271 10.0 19.80 13.87 20.91 74.1 74.5 102.4 76.3 1890 13,478,305 20.3 1,009,031 2.4 105,786,825 (') 78, 774,647 4.2 22. 10 16. 97 22.03 67.4 74.5 104.8 78.1 1880 11,206,668 22.8 985,273 29.3 105,784,212 21.0 75, 589,373 37.7 24.58 19.73 26.54 67.4 71.5 107.4 76.7 1870 9, 124,517 31.7 761, 735 29.8 87,449,392 20.3 54,899,646 33.3 28.64 21.45 29.06 55.7 62.8 114.8 72.1 1860 6,926,884 53.1 586, 717 59.4 72,696,843 44.8 41, 186, 414 79.8 28.70 17.85 25.25 46.3 56.7 123.9 70.2 1850 4,523,260 368, 177 50, 188,875 22,912, 190 25.41 17. 10 20.27 32.0 45.7 136.3 62.2 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. 1910 11,637,921 12.5 1,109,948 4.6 232, 648, 121 15.7 164,284,862 21.1 17.45 26.47 34.34 71.2 70.6 209.6 148.0 1900 10,347,423 15.8 1,060,744 16.0 201,008,713 33.3 135,643,828 28.6 18.49 23.97 32.72 61.5 67.5 189.5 127.9 1890 8,9.32,112 45.1 914,791 28.4 150,800, 169 49.0 105,517, 479 72.3 20.04 24.20 29.50 46.1 70.0 164.8 115.3 1880 6, 157, 443 59.7 712,695 96.1 101,197,945 95.5 61,252,940 160.5 17.78 18.88 21.51 31.0 60.5 142.0 85.9 1870 3,856,594 77.7 363,343 95.9 51,765,877 47.1 23,509,863 111.4 13.66 12. 70 12.44 15.8 45.4 142.5 04.7 1860 2,169,832 146.5 185,448 167.1 35,202, 747 181.7 11,122,285 195.2 9.07 8.64 6.82 7.7 31.6 189.8 60.0 1850 880,335 69,420 12,497,615 3,768, 142 4.79 4.26 3.33 6.8 30.2 180.0 54.3 SOUTH ATLANTIC. 1910 12, 194,895 16.8 1,111,881 15.6 103,782,255 -0.5 48, 479, 733 5.2 17.48 11.81 10.13 60.3 46.7 93.3 43.6 1900 10, 443, 480 17.9 962,225 28.4 104,297,506 4.1 46, 100,220 10.6 16.77 12.44 11.12 60.6 44.2 108.4 47.9 1890 8,857,922 16.6 749,600 16.3 100, 157,573 -1.2 41,077,371 15.2 10.42 16.07 11.65 58.2 41.6 133.6 55.6 1880 7,597, 197 29.8 644, 429 72.3 101,419,563 12.4 36,170,331 19.8 16. 07 18.92 12.70 58.9 35.7 157.4 56. 1 1870 5,853,610 9.1 374, 102 23.9 90,213,055 -15.3 30,202,991 -13.5 14.00 22.13 15.99 52.4 33.5 241.1 80.7 1860 5,364,703 14.7 301,940 21.7 106, .520, 771 14.0 34,900,942 16.3 14.77 26.16 21.40 61.9 32.8 352.8 115.6 1850 4,679,090 248, 19G 93,401,010 30,009,323 17. 13 31.82 26.55 54.2 32. 1 376.3 120. 9 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 1910 8,409,901 11.4 1,042,480 15.4 81,520,629 0.3 43,940,846 9.2 16.39 9.28 9.19 71.0 53.9 78.2 42.2 1900 7,547,757 17.4 903,313 37.7 81,247,643 2.8 40,237,337 12.6 15.74 9.69 9.71 70.7 49.5 89.9 44.5 1890 6,429,154 15.1 655,766 15.1 78,999,359 2.8 35, 729, 170 15.9 14.37 12. 68 9.99 68.8 45.2* 120.5 54.5 1880 5,585,151 26.8 569, 7.39 53.2 76,872,951 15.9 30,820,882 27.3 14.21 14.34 10.82 66.9 40.1 134.9 54.1 1870 4, 404, 445 9.5 371,968 37.2 06,323,611 -11.3 24,218, 478 -6.5 13.98 16.27 12.82 57.7 36.5 178.3 65.1 1860 4,020,991 19.6 271,150 21.4 74,776,6.55 27.7 25,891,024 36.1 13.27 18.36 15.87 65.1 34.6 275.8 95.5 1850 3,363,271 223, 436 58, .561, 870 19,023,415 15.42 19.95 16.83 51.0 32.5 262.1 85.1 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. 1910 8,784,534 34.5 943, 186 24.9 169,149,976 -4.2 58,264,273 46.5 14.83 19.25 12. 18 61.5 34.4 179.3 61.8 1900 6, 532,290 37.8 754,853 75.1 176,491,202 127.9 39,770,530 30.1 13. 16 21.05 9.59 64.2 22.5 233.8 52.7 1890 4,740,983 42.2 431,000 30.0 77,448,935 36.8 30,559,654 61.0 9.44 12.43 8.55 28.2 39.5 179.7 70.9 1880 3,334,220 64.2 316,909 127.9 50,627,272 71.5 18,985,889 170.3 7.90 10.50 6.07 20.0 33.5 178.7 59.9 1870 2,029,965 16.2 139,030 40.1 33,019,036 -25.3 6,870,297 -6.4 5.23 8.10 3.64 12.0 20.8 237.6 49.4 1860 1,747,667 85.9 99, 223 128.7 44,216,310 131.7 7,341,202 143.4 4.85 10.86 4.50 16.1 10.6 445.6 74.0 1850 940,251 43,378 19,083,596 3,015,531 2.99 6.50 2.67 G.9 15.8 439.9 69.5 MOUNTAIN. 1910 2,6,33,517 57.3 183,440 81.0 59,533,420 28.3 15,915,002 89.4 2.88 6. 77 3.33 10.8 26.7 324.5 86.8 1900 1,674,657 38.0 101,327 105.1 40,397,284 214.2 8, 402, .570 53.9 1.77 5.53 2.03 8.4 18.1 457.9 82.9 1890 1,21.3,935 85.9 49,398 97.3 14,765,862 271.3 5,460,739 146.7 1.08 2.37 1.53 2.7 37.0 298.9 110.5 1880 653,119 107.1 25,043 81.8 3,976,377 126.8 2,213,300 2S4.1 0.62 0.74 0.78 0.7 55.7 158.8 88.4 1870 315,385 80.3 13, 774 56.3 1,753,590 12.3 576,200 139.5 0.52 0.43 0.30 0.3 32.9 127.3 41.8 1860 174,923 139.9 8,812 88.5 1,560,938 362.6 240,025 31.8 0.43 0.38 0.15 0.5 15.4 177.1 27.3 1850 72,927 4,676 337,420 182,534 0.32 0.11 0. 16 0.1 54.1 72.2 39.0 PACIFIC. 1910 4,192,304 7.3.5 189,891 34.1 51,328, 789 8.3 22,038,008 17.5 2.98 5.84 4.01 25.2 42.9 270.3 116. 1 1900 2,416,692 28.0 141,581 46.7 47,399,576 45.8 / 18, 753, 105 6.8 2.47 5.65 4.52 23.3 39.6 334.8 132.5 1890 1,888,334 69.4 96,480 64.4 32,516,371 46.4 17,559,671 31.5 2.11 5.22 4.91 16.0 54.0 337.0 182.0 1880 1,114,578 65.1 58,680 70.4 22,217,875 53.6 13,352,689 77.4 1.40 4.14 4.69 10.9 60.1 378.6 227.6 1870 675, 125 52.0 34,438 33.2 14, 405, 496 29.7 7,520,439 118.4 1.29 3.55 3.98 7.1 52.0 420.0 218.0 1860 444,053 319.4 25,852 1,169.7 11,156,729 157.9 3,446,317 1,984.8 1.26 2.74 2.11 4.0 30.9 431.0 133.3 1850 105,891 2,036 4,326,793 165,311 0.14 1.47 0. 15 1.5 3.8 2,125.1 81.2 • Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 284 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE VALUE OE FARM PROPERTY WITH INCREASES, AND AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM, AND PER ACRE OF FARM LAND, RY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS; 1850 TO 1910. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 18 ALL FARM PROPERTY. LAND AND BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. LIVE STOCK. GFRRJUAPillC DIVISION. -\vcrago Average Average Average i’er value. Per value. Per value. Per value. Value. cent Value. cent Value. cent Value. cent of in- of in- of in- of in- crease. Per Per crease. Per Per crease. Per Per crease. Per Per farm. acre. farm. acre. farm. acre. farm. acre. UNITED STATES 1910 $40,991,449,090 20,439,901,164 16,082,267,689 12.180, 501,538 8,944,857,749 7, 980, 493, 063 3,967.343,580 100. 5 $6,444 3,563 3, 623 3,038 $46. 61 24. 37 $34,801, 125,697 16,614, 647,491 13,279,252,649 10,197,096,776 7, 444, 054, 462 6,645,045,007 3,271,575,426 103.5 $5,471 $39. 60 19. 81 $1,265,149,783 749,775,970 494,247,467 406,520, 055 270,913,678 246,118,141 151,587,638 68.7 $139 131 $1.44 0. 89 $4,925, 173,610 3,075,477,703 2,308,767,573 1,576,884,707 1,229,889,609 60.1 $774 536 $5. 60 a 67 1900 27. 1 25. 1 2,896 2,909 2,544 51.7 33.2 1890 32.0 25. 81 30.2 21.31 21.6 108 0. 79 46.4 506 3. 70 1880 36.2 22. 72 37.0 19.02 50.1 101 0. 76 28.2 393 2. 94 1870 12.1 3; 36$ 3,904 21. 94 12.0 2, 739 3,251 18. 26 10.1 102 0. 66 12. 9 462 3. 02 1860 101.2 19. 60 103.1 16. 32 62.4 120 0. 60 1, 089,329,916 544,180,516 100.2 533 2. 68 1850 2; 738 13. 51 2, 258 11. 14 105 0 52 376 1.85 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS NEW ENGLAND. 1910 8G7, 240, 457 639, 645, 900 585,267,817 671,846,058 566, 353,951 561,467,417 435, 154,525 35.0 4,593 3,333 3,081 3,242 3,135 3,052 43. 99 718,544,808 528,267,748 489,570, 178 36.0 3,806 2,753 36. 45 50,798,826 36,551,820 23, 783, 288 39.0 269 2. 58 97,896,823 74,826,332 71,914,351 69,068,077 80, 177, 526 68,695,016 49,868,692 30.8 519 4.97 1900 9. 3 31. 13 7.9 25. 71 53. 7 190 1. 78 4.0 390 3. 64 1890 — 12.9 29. 63 —15.7 2,577 2,802 2,591 2,589 2,221 24. 78 7. G 125 1. 20 4. 1 379 3.64 1880 18.6 31. 27 580,681,418 468, 133, 979 476,303,837 24. 0 27.03 22, 096, 563 22.5 107 1. 03 — 13.9 333 3. 21 1870 0. 9 28. 94 — 1.7 23. 92 18,042,446 9.6 100 0. 92 16.7 444 4. 10 1860 29.0 27. 92 27.9 23.68 16,468,564 12,937,290 27.3 90 0. 82 37.8 373 3.42 1850 2,596 23.69 372,348,543 20. 27 77 0. 70 297 2.72 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. 1910 2,959,589,022 2,310,886,728 2,384,703, 476 2,524, 721,419 2,381,103,898 1,892,664,457 1,249,643,065 28. 1 6,319 4, 759 68. 52 2, 442, 949, 103 1,948,997,940 2,049,630,359 2, 222, 761, 984 2, 059, 090, 179 1,645,644,638 1,082,660,252 25.3 5, 216 4,013 4,374 4,546 56. 56 167,480,384 116,253,270 93, 084, 904 84,986,863 71,635, 120 44. 1 358 3.88 349, 159, 535 245,635,518 241, 988, 153 216,972,572 250,378,599 189, 663, 715 125,749,843 42.1 745 8.08 1900 —3. 1 51. 51 -4.9 43. 45 24.9 239 2. 59 15. 1 506 5.48 1890 -5.5 5,089 5, 164 55. 47 —7.8 47.68 9.5 199 2. 17 11.5 516 5.63 1880 6.0 54. 29 7.9 47. 80 18.6 174 1. 83 -13.3 444 4.67 1870 25.8 5,657 4,968 55. 15 25. 1 4,892 4,319 47. 69 24.9 170 1.66 32.0 595 5.80 1860 51.5 46. 20 52.0 40. 17 57,356, 104 41, 232, 970 39. 1 151 1.40 50.8 498 4.63 1850 3,880 33. 96 3,361 29.42 128 1. 12 390 3.42 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. 1910 10,119, 128,066 78.0 9,007 5, 004 85. 81 8,873,991,594 4,912,597, 440 4, 101, 406, 702 3,629,140,732 2, 646, 744,323 1, 735, 742, 858 671,678,075 80.6 7,899 4,325 75.25 208, 806, 550 61.3 239 2.28 976, 329, 922 61.5 869 8.28 1900 5,683,925,367 4,751,184,987 4, 158,388,413 3,090,625,976 2,028,817,467 805,787,277 19.6 48. 86 19.8 42.23 166,694,220 126,454,149 31.8 147 1.43 604,633,707 523, 324, 136 409, 443, 006 3.59, 163,806 15.5 532 5.20 1890 14.3 4,709 44. 91 13.0 4,065 3,683 3,475 2,958 38. 77 5.6 125 1.20 27.8 519 4.95 1880 34.5 4', 221 39.31 37. 1 34.31 119,804,675 84,717,847 56,810,880 30,393,529 41.4 122 1. 13 14.0 416 3.87 1870 52.3 4; 057 35. 34 52.5 30. 27 49. 1 111 0. 97 52.0 472 4.11 I860 151.8 3,458 2, 189 27. 91 158.4 23.88 86.9 97 0.78 236,263,729 103, 715, 673 127.8 403 3.25 1850 16. 06 1,824 13. 38 S3 0. 61 282 2.07 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. 1910 13 535,309,511 5,820,994,481 3,766,511,744 132.5 12, 195 5, 488 58. 18 11,614,665,870 4, 651, 282, 99S 149.7 10,464 49. 92 368,935,544 197,367, 840 125,771,166 86.9 332 1.59 1,551,708,097 59.6 1,398 6.67 1900 54.5 28.96 56.7 4,385 3,245 23. 14 56.9 186 0.98 972,343,643 672,380, 126 44.6 917 4. 84 1890 93.2 4; 117 24.98 2,968i3G0, 452 97.8 19.68 45.5 137 0.83 85.2 735 4. 46 1880 1,949,743,846 1,018,032,607 91.5 2,736 2,802 19. 27 1,500,300,355 804,857,937 86.4 2, 105 14. 83 86,428,597 38,858,215 122.4 121 0.85 363,014,894 108.2 509 3. 59 1870 105.8 19. 67 104. 1 2,215 15.55 142.8 107 0.75 174,316,455 106.7 480 3.37 1860 494,. 589, 405 108,885, 147 354.2 2,667 1,568 14.05 394, 270, 605 80,045,058 392.6 2, 126 11.20 16, 005, 656 5, 170,375 209.6 86 0.45 84,313,144 23, 669, 714 256.2 455 2. 40 1850 8.71 1,153 6.40 74 0.41 341 1.89 SOUTH ATLANTIC. 1910 2,951,200,773 1,454,031,316 103.0 2,654 28.44 2,486,436, 474 1,206,349,618 1,135,319,670 891,774,157 610,428, 194 106. 1 2,230 23. 96 98, 230, 147 .53,318,890 36,444,018 30,812, 107 84.2 88 0.95 366,534,152 88.6 330 3.53 1900 9.0 1,511 13. 94 6.3 1,254 11. 57 46.3 55 0.51 194,362,808 20.3 202 1.86 1890 l, 333; 395; 489 1,053, 156,575 740, 833, 437 26.6 1,779 1,634 13. 31 27.3 1,515 1,384 1,632 11.34 18.3 49 0. 36 161,031,801 23.8 216 1.61 1880 42.2 10. 38 46. 1 8. 79 53.9 48 0. 30 130,570,311 18.3 203 1.29 1870 -38. 6 L980 8. 21 -39.5 6. 77 20,025,259 -41.2 54 0.22 110,379,984 -33.0 295 1.22 I860 1,207,375,444 706,208,481 71.0 3, 999 11.33 1,008,61.3,065 576, 590, 583 74.9 3,340 9. 47 34,045,771 38. 1 113 0.32 164, 716, 608 56.9 546 1.55 1850 2,845 7. 56 2,323 6. 17 24, 656, 545 99 0.26 104,961,353 423 1.12 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 4.53 1910 2, 182, 771, 779 82.5 2,094 26.78 1,738,397,839 933,780,823 827,514,447 677,848,031 86.2 1,668 21. 32 75,339,333 54.5 72 0.92 369,034,607 73.0 354 1900 1,195,868,790 1, 0.54, 7.30, 138 13.4 1,324 14. 72 12.8 1,034 11.49 48, 767, 235 55.7 54 0. 60 213,320,732 8.9 236 2.63 1890 24. 6 1,608 13. 35 22. 1 1,262 10. 47 31,323,890 14. 1 48 0. 40 195,891,795 38.5 299 2.48 1880 '846,707,577 705, 564, 773 1, 169, 024, 049 494,085,395 20.0 1,486 1,897 4,311 2,211 11. 01 24.7 1, 190 8. 82 27,464,111 19,612,753 40.0 48 0. 36 141,395,435 -0.7 248 1.84 1870 —39. 6 10. 64 543,550,620 929, 440, 929 371,934,332 -41.5 1,461 8.20 -39. 1 53 0.30 142, 401,400 -31.3 383 2.15 1860 136.6 15.03 149. 9 3,428 12.43 32, 200, 055 50.3 119 0. 43 207,383,065 105.9 765 2.77 1850 8.44 1, 665 6.35 21,417,837 96 0. 37 100,733,226 451 1.72 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. 589,837,078 46.3 625 3. 49 1910 3,8.38,154,337 1,619,954,613 835,791,560 443, 589, 488 201,412,394 503, 093, 122 136. 9 4,069 22.69 3.128,596,882 1, 138.891,068 174.7 3,317 18.50 119,720,377 53.6 127 0.71 1900 93.8 2, 146 9. 18 85.9 1,509 1,421 6.45 77, 925, 0.50 188. 4 103 0. 44 403, 138, 495 105.4 534 2.28 1890 88.4 1,939 1,400 10. 79 612,508,151 303,707,658 101.7 7. 91 27,019,876 41.3 63 0. 35 196, 263, 533 62.5 455 2.53 1880 120.2 7.83 125.4 958 5. 36 19,124,513 80.9 60 0. 34 120,757,317 113.9 381 2.13 1870 —60.0 l',449 5, 070 6. 10 134,716,055 ;384,,540, 755 107, 629, 051 -65. 0 969 4.08 10,234,828 -64.8 74 0.31 .56,461,511 -36.9 406 1.71 I860 232.8 11.38 257.3 3,876 8. 70 29,083,003 89.7 293 0. 06 89,469,364 217. 1 902 2. 02 1850 15L172;760 3,485 7. 92 2,481 5. 64 15, 329, 938 353 0. 80 28,213,171 650 1.48 MOUNTAIN. 59. 1 2,119 6.53 1910 1, 7,57, 573, 368 601,264, 180 349,550,941 122, 598, 535 19, ,571, 627 10,984,059 4,169,566 192.3 9,581 5, 934 7,076 4,896 1,421 29: 52 1,319,396.873 338,619,672 198, 545, 200 58,078,360 8,961,817 4,343,081 1, 965, 721 289. 6 7, 192 22. 16 49,429,975 162.8 269 0.83 388, 746,520 1900 72.0 12. 96 70. 6 3, .342 7. 30 18,807,620 136.0 186 0.41 243,836,888 70. 5 2, 406 5. 26 1890 185. 1 23. 67 241.8 4,019 2,319 651 13. 45 7,969,430 131. 7 161 0.54 143,036,311 134. 2 2,896 9.69 1880 52(). 4 30.83 548. 1 14. 01 3, 440, 190 283.8 137 0.87 61,079, 979 528.8 2, 439 15.36 1370 78.2 11. 16 106.3 5. 11 896, 252 100. 6 65 0.51 9,713,558 50. 8 705 5. 54 I860 103.4 1,246 7. 04 120.9 493 2.78 446,887 175. 1 51 0.29 6,191,091 2,041,597 203.4 703 3.97 1850 '892 12.36 420 5.83 102, 248 35 0.48 437 6.05 PACIFIC. 91.2 1,242 4.60 1910 2, 780, 481, 777 1,113,329,789 1,021, 131,537 149.7 14, 643 7,864 10, .584 54. 17 2, 478,146,254 9,5.5,800, 184 1,59. 2 13,050 48.28 60, 408,647 94.8 350 1.29 235, 926, 876 1900 9.0 23. 49 6.6 6,751 9,291 20. 17 34,090,025 52.2 241 0.72 123,379,580 20. 6 871 2.60 1390 149.2 31. 40 896, 397, 490 .332, 804, 081 169.3 27. 57 22, 396, 680 81.2 232 0. 69 102,337,367 58.6 1,061 3. 15 1880 409, 749, 627 221, 359, 086 85. 1 6, 983 18. 44 98. 6 5, 672 14.98 12,362,430 79.4 211 0.50 64, 583, 1 16 37.7 1, 101 1,302 2.91 1870 96. 8 6, 428 15. 30 167, 571,3.58 1.53. 3 4, 860 11. 58 6,890,9,58 80. 2 200 0. 48 46,896,770 10.0 3. 24 1860 112,477,643 12,237,364 819.2 4,. 351 6, 010 10.08 66,145,239 883.8 2, 559 5.93 3,701,221 1, 190. 1 143 0.33 42,631,183 715. 5 1,649 3. 82 1850 2.83 6,723,211 3,302 L.M 286,906 Ml 0. 07 5, 227, 247 2,567 1.21 _ Cir AFTER 10. TENURE, MORTGAGE INDEBTEDNESS, COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS, AND SIZE OF FARMS. Introduction. — Tliis chapter shows in condensed form the main results of the Tliirteenth Census of the United States, taken as of April 15,1910, with reference to the tenure of farms, the mortgage indebtedness on farms, the color and nativity of farm operators, and the size of farms, presenting statistics by geographic divisions and states. Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and other outlying possessions are not included. Definitions. — One of the most important branches of agricultural statistics is that which relates to the distribution of farms and farm property according to the tenure under which the farm operator holds the land. The three main classes of farm operators, on the basis of tenure, are (1) owners, (2) hired managers, and (3) tenants. In some of the tables a distinction is made between owners who operate their own land exclusively and those who rent additional land, while the class of tenants is subdivided into share tenants, share-cash tenants, and cash tenants. The following are the definitions of the several classes of farm operators, substantially as furnished to the census enumerators : Farm owners include (1) farmers operating their own land only, and (2) those operating both their own land and some land hired from others. Managers are farmers who are conducting farm operations for the owner for wages or a salary. Farm tenants are farmers who, as tenants, renters, or croppers, operate hired land only. They were reported in 1910 in three classes: (1) Share tenants — those who pay a certain share of the products, as one-half, one-third, or one-quarter; (2) share-cash tenants — those who pay a share of the products for part of the land rented by them and cash for part, as cash for pasture or garden and a share of all the crops grown on plowed land; and (3) cash tenajits — those who pay a cash rental or a stated amount of labor or products, such as $7, 10 bushels of wheat, or 100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. All tenants who did not specify whether they rented for cash or for a share of the products, or both, are tabu- lated as having “tenure not specified.’’ TENURE OF FARMS. Tenure in the United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900. — Table 1 shows, for the United States as a whole, the number of farms in 1910 classified by tenure, with , corresponding data for 1900 as far as available. It shows also the acreage of the farms in the three main groups. Table 1 CLASS OF OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 Increase.' 1910 1900 Increase.' Number of farms. Acreage. Number. Per cent. Acres. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 AU farms Owners 6,361,502 5,737,372 624, 130 10.9 878,798,325 838, 591, 774 40,206,551 4.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3, 948, 722 3,354,897 593,825 58, 104 2, 354, 676 1,399,923 128, 466 712,294 113,993 3,653,323 3,201,947 451,376 59,085 2,024,964 I 1,273,299 1 751, 665 295,-399 152, 950 142, 449 -981 329,712 255,090 74, 622 8.1 4.8 31.6 -1.7 16.3 20.0 9.9 598,554,617 556,040,051 42,514, 566 7.6 62.1 52.7 9.3 0.9 .37.0 / 22.0 1 2.0 { , 63.7 55.8 7.9 1.0 35.3 J- 22.2 1 13.1 68.1 66.3 Managers Tenants Share Share-cash Cash Not reported 53,730, 865 226,512,843 87,518,186 195,033,537 -33,787,321 31,479,300 -38.6 16.1 6.1 25.8 10.4 23.3 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. In the United States as a whole in 1910 substan- tially five-eighths (62.1 per cent) of the farms were operated by owners and three-eighths (37 per cent) by tenants, the proportion operated by hired man- agers being less than 1 per cent. Owners ‘'owning entire farm” are more than five times as numerous as owners “renting additional land.” In most cases of share-cash tenancy the share feature is the more important, the principal crops being raised on shares, while only a small amount of land, usually for a home garden or for pasture, is rented on the basis of cash payment. Share-cash tenants were included with share tenants in 1900, while tenants for whom the form of payment was not specified were included with cash tenants. The share and share-cash tenants, as reported, together constituted substantially two-thirds of the entire number of tenants both in 1910 and in 1900. ( 285 ) 286 ABSTRACT OF CENSUS— AGRICULTURE Between 1900 and 1910 the farms operated by owners increased 8.1 per cent in number, wliile those operated by tenants increased 16.3 per cent, the small number operated by managers decreasing 1.7 per cent. Tt may be noted that at least since 1880 (and })robal)ly further ])ack also) the fai'ins o])erated by tenants bave in each decade increased faster than tho.se o])eratcd by owners. Tenant farms consti- tuted 25.6 per cent of all farms in 1880; 28.4 per cent in 1890; 35.3 per cent in 1900; and 37 per cent in 1910. The distribution of acreage of farms according to tenure differs somewhat from the distribution of the number of farms. Farms operated by owners con- tained 68.1 per cent of the total acreage in 1910; tenant farms, 25.8 per cent; and farms operated by managers, 6.1 per cent. The acreage of farms oper- ated by owners increased 7.6 per cent during the decade 1900 to 1910, while that of tenant farms in- creased 16.1 per cent. There was a marked decrease in the total acreage of farms operated by managers. Main tenure classes, by geographic divisions: 1910 and 1900. — -Table 2 shows the number, total and im- proved acreage, and value of land and buildings of the farms of the three main tenure groups in each geograpliic division for 1910 and 1900. NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY TENURE OF OPERATOR, WITH PERCENTAGES, BY DIVISIONS.: 1910 AND 1900. Table 2 NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OP LAND AND BUILDINGS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTNITED STATES Total 6,361,502 5,737,372 878, 798, 325 838,591,774 478, 451,750 414,498,487 $34,801,125,697 $16,614,647,491 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 3,948,722 3,653,323 598, 554,617 556, 040, 051 309,850,421 278,231,252 22,366,934,278 11,091,392,665 62.1 63.7 68.1 66.3 64.8 67.1 64.3 66.8 Managers 58, 104 59, 085 53, 730, 865 87,518, 186 12,314,015 10, 909, 500 1,456,958,992 774, 828, 656 0.9 1.0 6.1 10.4 2.6 2.6 4.2 4.7 Tenants 2,354,676 2, 024. 964 226, 512, 843 195,033,537 156,287,314 125,357,735 10,977,232,427 4,748,426, 170 37.0 35.3 25.8 23.3 32.7 30.2 31.5 28.6 NEW ENGLAND. Total 188,802 191,888 19,714,931 20,548,999 7,254,904 8,134,403 718,544,808 528,267,748 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 168,408 169,194 17,089,125 17,8.31,187 6,259,844 6,993,008 579,951,343 433,769,770 89.2 88.2 86.7 86.8 86.3 86.0 80.7 82.1 Managers 5,379 4,736 1,087,403 794,095 376,404 306,154 81,663,226 42,482,668 2.8 2.5 5.5 3.9 5.2 3.8 11.4 8.0 Tenants 15,015 17,958 1,538,343 1,923,117 618,656 835, 241 56,930,239 52,015,310 8.0 9.4 7.8 9.4 8.5 10.3 7.9 9.8 MIDDLE % ATLANTIC. Total 468,379 48.5,618 43,191,056 44,860,090 29,320,894 30,786,211 2,442,949,103 1,948,997,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 355,036 354,411 30,283,268 30,522,456 20,288,060 20,652,713 1,594,225,109 1,246,587,320 75.8 73.0 70.1 68.0 69.2 67.1 65.3 64.0 Managers 9 072 8,383 1,714,084 1,501,774 910,418 804, 706 178,283,750 102,029,260 1.9 1.7 4.0 3.3 3.1 2.6 7.3 5.2 Tenants 104,271 122,824 11,193,704 12,835,860 8,122,416 9,328,792 670,440,244 600,381,360 22,-3 25.3 25.9 28.6 27.7 30.3 27.4 30.8 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Total 1,123,489 1,135,823 117,929,148 116,340,761 88,947,228 86,670,271 8,873,991,594 4,912,597,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 809,044 826,313 80,Zi4,320 82,363,334 58,470,026 59,590,428 5,458,959, 257 3,257,174,800 72.0 72.8 68.0 70.8 65.7 68.8 61.5 66.3 Managers 10,848 11,224 2,354,205 2,271,111 1,493,321 1,444,504 25,635,339 198,347, 752 111,240,560 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.3 Tenants 303,597 298,286 35,340,623 31,706,316 28,983,881 3,216,684,585 1,544,182,080 27.0 26.3 30.0 27.3 32.6 29.6 36.2 31.4 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Total 1,109,948 1,060,744 232,648,121 201,008,713 164,284,862 135,643,828 11,614,665,870 4,651,282,998 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lon.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 758,946 737,910 164,789,8&5 147,063,919 111,279,585 96,603,533 7,615,880,376 3,258,392,578 68.4 09.6 70.8 73.2 67.7 71.2 65.6 70.1 Managers 8,384 8,394 5,005,299 6,591,508 2,726,669 2,420,464 199,611,857 102,200,190 0.8 0.8 2.2 3.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.2 Tenants 342,018 314, 440 62,852,957 47,353,286 50,278,608 36,619,831 3,799,173,637 1,290,690,230 30.9 29.6 27.0 2.3.6 30.6 27.0 32.7 27.7 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total 1,111,881 962, 22.5 103, 782, 255 104,297,506 48, 479, 733 46,100,226 2,486,436,474 1,206,349,618 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 593, 154 527,512 69,129,783 08,925,876 28,844,267 27,800,075 1,593,294,281 778,139,258 5.3.4 54.8 66.6 60.1 59.5 60.3 64.1 64.5 Managers 8, 298 9,115 3,. 364, 390 3,401,604 1,229,084 1,287,637 125,539,290 63,534,320 364,670,040 0.7 0:9 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.8 6.0 5.3 Tenants 610,429 425,598 31,288,082 31,910,026 18,406, 382 17,012,514 767,602,903 45.9 44.2 30.1 30. 6 38.0 36.9 30.9 30.2 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 1,042,480 903,313 81,. 520, 629 81,247,643 43,946,846 40,237,337 1,738, .397, 839 933,780,823 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 510,452 463,686 57,131,972 57,381,476 27,383,922 25,374,099 1,13.5,752,526 616,577,383 49.0 51.3 70.1 70.6 62.3 63.1 65.3 66.0 Managers 3,290 4,696 1,003,467 1,623,4.50 578, 791 640,263 47,597,661 27,529,790 0.3 0.5 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.6 2,7 2.9 Tenants 528, 738 4.34,931 22, 785, 190 22, 242, 7U 15,984,133 14,222,975 5.55,047,652 289,673,650 50.7 48.1 28.0 27.4 36. 4 3.5.3 31.9 31. C WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 943,186 7.54,853 169,149,976 176, -491, 202 .58,264,273 39,770,530 3,128,590,882 1,1.38,891,068 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 440,905 379,284 104,353,474 96, .807, 816 ;i0,885,471 22, 792, 774 1,767,880,518 6,59,724,615 46.7 50.2 61.7 54. 9 63.0 57.3 56.5 57.9 Managers 4,696 4,954 19,698,171 46,220,890 1,420,467 1,2.51,426 20.5, 183, 14.5 1,15.5,5:13,219 135, 0.54, OOO 0.5 0.7 11.6 26. 2 2.4 3.1 6.6 11.9 Tenants 497, 585 370,615 45, 098, ,331 3.3,462,490 25,9.52,335 15,726,3:10 ;i.l4, 112,36:1 62.8 49.1 26.7 19.0 44.5 39.5 30.9 30.2 MOUNTAIN. Total 183,440 101,327 .59,. 5.33, 420 46,397,284 1.5,91.5,002 8, 402,576 1,319,390,873 3:18,619,072 100.0 100.0 ino.o 100.0 inn.o 100.0 100. 0 mo Owners 100,844 8.5,501 42,265,930 25,543,926 16,515,149 12,152,588 6,324,997 972,132,526 237,084,035 87.7 84.4 71.0 .55. 1 76.4 75.3 73.7 70.0 Managers 2,912 3,417 11,00:1,725 1,471,963 946, .550 ■ i;i:i,047,729 .54,904,110 1.6 .3.4 18.5 35. 6 9.2 11.3 10.1 16.2 Tenants 19,690 12,409 0, 203, 765 4, 338, 209 2,290,451 1,131,029 214,216,018 40,630,927 10.7 12.2 10.5 9.4 14.4 13.6 16.2 13.8 PACIFIC. i Total 189,891 141,581 51,328,789 47, .399, 676 22,0,38,008 IS, 753, 105 2,478,140,2.54 955, Sfrf), 184 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 Owners 151,93.3 109,512 3.3,276,880 29,fi()0,061 14,286,&58 12,099,625 1,648,858,342 603,942,270 80.0 77.3 64.8 62. 4 64.8 64.5 66. 6 (k'L 2 Managers 5,225 4, 166 7,900,061 8,538,005 2,100,898 1,807,796 4,845,681 287,684,582 541,603,330 135,853,608 2.8 2.9 16.4 18.0 9. 6 9. () 11.6 14.2 Tenants 32, 733 27,903 10, 151,8.18 9,261,510 5, 050, 452 216,004,210 17.2 19.7 19.8 19.5 25.6 25. 8 21.9 22.0 tl:nitrk of farms. 287 As rospocts tlio proportion wliicli tenant farms form of tlio total numbor of farms, tho divisions fall into tbroo groups. The throo southern divisions (South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Cen- tral) have a high proportion of tenant farms, tho proportion in 1910 exceeding 50 per cent in the last two divisions named. In three of the northern divi- sions (the West North Central, East North Central, and Middle Atlantic) tho numher of tenant farms is also comparatively large, the proportion varying in 1910 from 30.9 per cent in the West North Central division to 22.3 per cent in tho IMiddle Atlantic. In tho two western divisions (tho Pacific and Moun- tain) and in the New England division the proportion was much lower, ranging from 17.2 per cent in the Pacific division to 8 per cent in the New England. In the southern divisions the average size of tenant farms is much smaller than that of farms operated by owners, so that tho proportion which tho total acreage of tenant farms forms of tho total acreage of all farms in these divisions is not materially cUfferent from the proportion in the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central divisions. The numher of farms operated by managers is small in all of the divisions, the liighost proportion being in the New England and Pacific divisions, 2.8 per cent in each case. In tho Mountain, Pacific, and West South Central divisions, however, the acreage of farms operated by managers is of considerable importance, constituting 18.5 per cent, 15.4 per cent, and 11.0 per cent, respectively, of the total acreage in farms. In the East North Central and West North Central divisions, which constitute tho most important farm- ing divisions of tho countiy, and also in tho three divisions constituting the South, tho tenant farms formed a larger proportion, and farms operated by owners a smaller proportion, of tho total number of farms in 1910 than in 1900, but the opposite is true of the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions in the extreme East, and the Mountain and Pacific divisions in tho West. Tho proportion which the acreage of tenant farms represents of the total farm acreage increased in all divisions except the New England, Middle Atlantic, and South Atlantic, which show a decrease in this respect, accompanied, in the Middle Atlantic and South Atlantic divisions, by an increase in the proportion of the acreage in farms operated by owners. This latter class of farms also shows an increase in its proportion of the total acreage in tho Mountain, Pacific, and West South Central divisions, the farms operated by managers constituting the only class in these divisions which decreased in relative importance as measured by acreage. Table 3 shows, by divisions, the percentage of in- crease or decrease in the number and acreage of farms of the three main tenure groups from 1900 to 1910. Table 3 PER CENT OF INCREASE:’ 1900 TO 1910 DIVISION. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. Total. Own- ers. Mana- gers, Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Mana- gers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Mana- gers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Mana- gers. Ten- ants. 10.9 8.1 -1.7 16.3 4.8 7.6 -38.6 16.1 15.4 11.4 12.9 24.7 109.5 101.7 88.0 131.2 -1.6 —0.5 13.6 —16.4 —4.1 —4.2 36.8 —20.0 — 10.8 10.5 22.9 —25.9 36.0 33.7 92.2 9.4 Middle Atlantic -3.5 0.2 8.2 —15.1 -3.7 —0.8 14.1 -12.8 -4.8 -1.8 13.1 — 12.9 25.3 27.9 74.7 11.7 East North Central -1.1 —2.1 -3.3 1.8 1.4 -2.6 3.7 11.5 2.6 -1.9 3.4 13.1 80.6 67.6 78.3 108.3 West North Central 4.6 2.9 -0.1 9.0 15.7 12.1 -24.1 32.7 21.1 15.2 12.7 37.3 149.7 133.7 95.3 194.4 South Atlantic 15.6 12.4 —9.0 19.9 —0.5 0.3 —2.8 — 1.9 5.2 3.8 —4.5 8.2 106.1 104.8 97.6 110.5 East South Central 15.4 10.1 -29.9 21.6 0.3 —0.4 -1.2 2.4 9.2 7.9 —9.6 12.4 86.2 84.2 72.9 91.0 West South Central 24.9 16.2 —5.2 34.3 -4.2 7.8 —57.4 34.8 46.5 35.5 14.0 65.0 174.7 168.0 51.9 235. 8 Mountain 81.0 88.1 -14.8 58.7 28.3 65.5 —33.4 44.4 89.4 92. 1 55.5 102.5 289.6 310.0 142.3 3.'>9 . 4 34.1 38.7 25.4 17.3 8.3 12.4 -7.5 9.6 17.0 18.1 16.2 16.6 159.2 173.0 111.8 1.50. 7 ’ A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Table 4 shows, by divisions, certain averages and percentages which reflect differences in the character- istics of farms operated by owners, managers, and tenants, respectively. In the country as a whole the average size in 1910 of farms operated by owners was 151.6 acres; of farms operated by managers, 924.7 acres; and of tenant farms, 96.2 acres. The farms operated by managers are in all geographic divisions materially larger than those operated by owners or tenants, but the excess in the size of farms operated by owners over that of tenant farms, which appears in the aver- age for the country as a whole, is by no means found in all parts of the country. Farms operated by owners are somewhat larger than those operated by tenants in the West North Central division and very much larger in the South, but on the other hand, in the three more easterly divisions of the North and in the Mountain and Pacific divisions, the tenant farms are the huger, although there is veiy little difference in New England. Conditions as to relative size were approximately the same in 1900 as in 1910. The average size of farms operated by owners decreased more or less during the decade in all divisions except the West North Cen trill, while that of tenant farms increased somewhat in the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, and West South Central divisions. The ratio which the acreage of improved farm land bears to the total farm acreage is higher in the case of tenant farms than in the case of farms operated by owners in every geographic division, the dhTereiice being particularly conspicuous in the South and in the West North Central and Pacific divisions. 288 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE Table -t AVERAGE ACRES FARM. PER PER CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. AVERAGE LAND AND VALUE OF BUILDINGS. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. .Ml land in farms. Improved land in farms. Per farm. Per acre. 11)10 1900 1910 1900 1010 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 TJNITEDSTATES Total 138.1 146.2 75.2 72.2 54.4 49.4 $5,471 $2, 896 $39. 60 $19, 81 Owners 151.6 152.2 78.5 76.2 61.8 50.0 5.664 3,036 37.37 19.95 Managers 924.7 1,481.2 211.9 184.6 22.9 12.5 25, 075 13,114 27.12 8. 85 Tenants 96.2 96.3 66.4 61.9 69.0 64.3 4,662 2, 345 48. 46 24.35 NEW ENGLAND. Total 104.4 107.1 38.4 42.4 36.8 39.6 3,806 2,753 36. 45 25.71 Owners 101.5 105.4 37.2 41.3 30.6 39.2 3,444 2.504 33.94 24.33 Managers 202. 2 167.8 70.0 04. 0 34.6 38.5 15, 182 8,970 75. 10 53. 46 Tenants 102.5 107.1 41.2 46. 5 40.2 43.4 3,792 2,896 37. 01 27.05 MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total 92.2 92.4 62.6 63.4 C7.9 68.6 5,216 4,013 56. 56 43.45 Owners 85.3 86. 1 57. 1 58.3 67.0 67.7 4,490 3,517 52. 64 40.84 Managers 188.9 179.1 100.4 %.o 53.1 53.6 19,652 12, 171 104. 01 67.94 Tenants 107. 4 104.5 77.9 76.0 72.6 72.7 6,430 4,888 59.89 46.77 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Total 105. 0 102.4 79.2 76.3 75.4 74.5 7,899 4,325 75.25 42.23 Owners 99.2 99.7 72.3 72.1 72.9 72.3 6,747 3,942 68.04 39.55 Manager's 217.0 202.3 137.7 128.7 &3.4 63.6 18, 284 9,911 84.25 48.98 Ten-ants 110.4 100.3 95.5 85.9 82.0 80.9 10,595 5,177 91.02 48.70 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Total Owners*. 209.6 189.5 148.0 127.9 70.6 67.5 10, 404 4,385 49.92 23.14 217. 1 199.3 146.6 130.9 67. 5 05.7 10,035 4,416 46. 22 22. 16 Managers 597.0 785.3 325.2 288.4 54.5 36.7 23,809 12, 175 39.88 15. 50 Tenants 183.4 150. 6 146.7 110.5 80.0 77.3 11,089 4,105 60. 45 27.26 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total 93.3 108.4 43.6 47.9 40.7 44.2 2,236 1,254 23.96 11.57 Owners 116.5 130.7 48.6 52.7 41.7 40.3 2,686 1.475 23.05 11.29 Managers 405.4 379.8 148. 1 141.3 36.5 37.2 15,129 6,970 37.31 18.35 Tenants 61.3 75.0 36.1 40.0 58.8 53.3 1,504 857 24.53 11.43 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 78.2 89.9 42.2 44.5 53.9 49.5 1,068 1,034 21.32 11.49 Owners 111.9 123.8 53.6 54.7 47.9 44.2 2,225 1.330 19,88 10. 75 487.4 345.7 175.9 136. 3 36. 1 39. 4 14,467 1,050 5,862 666 29. 68 16.96 Tenants 43.1 51.1 30.2 32.7 70.2 63.9 24.36 13.02 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 179.3 233.8 61.8 52.7 34.4 22.5 3,317 1,509 18.50 6. 45 Owners 236.7 255.2 70. 1 60. 1 29.6 23.5 4.010 1,739 16.94 6.81 Managers 4194.7 9,330.0 303.8 252.6 7.2 2.7 43,693 27,262 10.42 2.92 Tenants 90. 6 90.3 52.2 42.4 57.5 47.0 2,322 928 25.02 10.28 MOUNTAIN. Total 324.5 457.9 86.8 82.9 26.7 18.1 7,192 3,342 22. 16 7.30 Owners 202.8 298.8 75.6 74.0 28.8 24.8 6,044 2,773 23.00 9.28 Managers 3778. 8 4,833.2 505.5 277.0 13.4 5.7 45,689 16,008 12.09 3.32 Tenants 318.1 349.6 116.3 91.1 36.6 26. 1 10, 879 3,758 34.20 10.75 PACIFIC. Total 270.3 334.8 116.1 132.5 42.9 39.6 13.050 6,751 48. 28 20. 17 Owners 219.0 270.3 94.0 110.5 42.9 40.9 10.853 5,515 49. 55 20. 40 Managers 1512. 0 2,049.4 402.1 433.9 20. 6 21.2 55.059 32,010 36.42 15.91 Tenants 310.1 331.9 172. 0 173.7 55.7 52.3 10,546 7,743 53.35 23.33 This condition is due probably to the fact that tenants in most cases rent only that land of wliicli they expect to make active use, and therefore hire relatively little unimproved land. In every division the percentage of improved land in the farms operated by managers is lower than in those operated by owners, this condition beuig closely related to the fact, already noted, that the farms of managers are generally much larger than other farms. Chiefly because they consist more largely of im- proved land, the tenant farms have in every geo- graphic division a higher average value of land and buildings per acre of land than the farms oper- ated by owners. Furthermore, the average value of land and buildings per farm is greater for tenant farms than for farms operated by owners, except in the three southern divisions, where the tenant farms are considerably smaller than those operated by owners. Number of farms for all tenure groups, by divisions: 1910 and 1900. — Table 5 shows, for 1910 and 1900, by divisions, the number of farms in each of the major and minor tenure groups. Farms operated by owners “owning entire farm” greatly outnumber those operated by owners “rent- ing additional land” in all divisions; the difference is less conspicuous in the West North Central division, where there were nearly one-tlrird as many of the latter class in 1910 as of the former. In every division the farms operated by owners “renting additional land” increased in numbers be- tween 1900 and 1910, while in every division except the Mountain and Pacific the farms operated by owners “owmng entire farm” either decreased or in- creased less rapidly than did those of the former group. It seems to be an increasing practice of farmers to extend the farms they operate by renting land in addition to what they own. In every geographic division except the New Eng- land and Pacific divisions (in both of which the total number of tenants is comparatively small) the num- ber of share tenants materially exceeds the number of cash tenants, the difference being still more conspicu- ous if the share-cash tenants arc counted with those having exclusively a share tenure. Table 5 NUMBER OF FARMS OPERATED BY— DIVISION. Owners — Managers. Share and share-cash tenants. Cash and “not reported” tenants. Owning entire farm. Renting additional land. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total. Share. Share- cash. Total. Total. Cash. Not reported. Total. TTnited States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 3,354,897 162,539 329, 423 677, 239 580,066 521,. 5.58 438,977 368,8.55 14,5,029 131,211 3,201,947 163, ,5,54 332,844 713, 2,58 684,560 480, 613 418, 387 3.38, 114 77,066 93, .551 593, 825 5,869 25,013 131,805 178,880 71,596 71, 475 72,050 1.5,815 20, 722 451,376 5,640 21, ,567 113,055 15.3, .350 46,899 45, 299 41, 170 8,435 15, 961 58, 104 5,379 9,072 10, 848 8, 384 8,298 3,290 4,696 2,912 5, 225 59, 085 4, 736 8, 383 11,224 8, .394 9, 115 4, 696 4,954 3,417 4,160 1, 528, 389 •2,827 ,57, 190 204, 263 218, 079 309, 498 320, 478 391,365 10,964 13, 725 1,399,923 2,611 54,958 170,712 167, 090 299, 381 307,923 374,372 10,349 12,521 128,406 216 2, 232 33,551 50,983 10,117 12,555 16,993 615 1,204 1,273,299 4, 936 69, 485 203, 121 201, 873 252,899 244, 778 274,677 7, 679 13,851 826, 287 12, 188 47,081 99, 334 124,539 200,931 208, 260 106,220 8, 726 19,008 712,294 9,787 40, 958 84, 082 102,883 176, 617 192, 262 84, 191 6, 661 15,863 113,993 2, 401 6, 123 15, 252 21,656 24,314 16,008 22,021) 3,065 3, 145 751,665 13,022 53,339 95, 165 112,667 172, 69t) 190, 153 95,938 4,730 14,052 TKNURK OF FAl^MS. 289 NUMBER OK FARMS, ( LASSIFIEI) BY CUARAt’TER OF TENURE OF OPERATOR: 1910. 0 10 90 OO 49 SO M TO td M The proportion of farms under share tenancy is highest in the West South Central division, where such farms (including those of share-cash tenants) in 1910 constituted 78.7 per cent of all tenant farms. In aU of the divisions constituting the North and the West there was a greater increase (or less decrease) during the decade in the number of cash tenants (including those for whom the form of ten- ure was not reported) than in the number of 72497°— 13 19 ACREAGE OF ALI. I. AND IN FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY CUARACTER OF TENURE OF OPERATOR: 1910. Ptfi cSNr 0 (0 30 30 40 60 40 To 00 00 (00 ■■ OWNERS MANAGERS TENANTS share and share-cash tenants, but in each of the three divisions constituting the South the opposite was true. Tenure, by states: 1910 and 1900. — Table 6, on the two following pages, shows, for each state, the princi- pal facts with regard to the number, total and improved acreage, and value of land and buildings of farms of the three general tenure groups, for 1910, wdth certain comparative data for 1900. 290 ABbTRACrr OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY TENURE OF OPERATOR, BY STATES; 1910 AND 1900. Tabir 0 STATE AND CLASS OF OPEKATOU. NUMIJKR OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (acres). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDING.S, 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 New England. MAINE. Total 60,016 59,299 0,296,859 6,299,946 2,300,657 $1.59,619,626 Owneis 56, 454 55, 607 5,915,822 5,918,922 2,222,452 147, 713, 769 Managers 999 917 156,901 126,537 o3)352 5,375,570 Tenants 2,563 2,775 224, 136 25l, 487 81,853 6,530,287 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Total 27,053 29,324 3,249,458 3,609,864 929, 185 85,916,061 Owners 24,493 26,450 2,863,633 3, 186,413 829,301 74,451,558 6,767,633 Managers 681 689 209,625 169,308 42, 790 Tenants 1,879 2, 185 176,200 254, 143 57,094 4,696,870 VERMONT. Total 32, 709 S3, 104 4,663,577 4, 724,440 1,633,965 112,588,275 Owners 28,065 27,669 3,816,498 3,833,611 1,321,497 88,566,017 Managers 636 615 208,938 131, 449 52,584 7,926,085 Tenants 4,008 4,820 638, 141 759,380 259,884 16,096, 173 MASSACHUSETTS. Total 36,917 37,715 2,875,941 3, 147,064 1, 164, 501 194, 168, 765 Owners 32,075 32,581 2,343, 103 2, 640, 113 931,621 144,241,398 Managere 1,863 1,531 330,914 234,034 150,206 36,745,990 Tenants 2,979 3,603 201,924 266,917 82,674 13,181,377 RHODE ISLAND. Total 5,292 5,498 443,308 455,602 178,344 27,932, 860 Owners 4,087 4, 182 318,262 335,354 127,964 18, 137,295 Managers 251 208 44, 436 28,700 15,914 5, 175,000 Tenants 954 1, 108 80,610 91,548 34,466 4,620,565 CONNECTICUT. Total 26,815 26,948 2, 185,788 2,312,083 988,252 138,319,221 Owners 23,234 22,705 1,831,807 1,910,774 827,009 106,841,306 Managers 949 776 136,649 104, 667 61,558 19,672,948 Tenants 2,632 3, 467 217,332 296,642 99,685 11,804,967 Middle Atlantic NEW YORK. Total 215,597 226, 720 22,030,367 22,648,109 14,844,039 1, 184, 745,829 Owners 166,674 168,698 15,824,840 15,815,967 10,606, 157 797,712,574 Managers 4,051 3,819 838, 476 712,436 431,936 89,015,220 Tenants 44,872 54,203 5,367,051 6,119,706 3,805,946 298,018,035 NEW JERSEY, Total 33,487 34,650 2,-573,857 2,840,966 1,803,336 217, 134,519 Owners 24, 133 23, 434 1,562,906 1,624,766 1,105,612 133, 121,579 Managers 1,060 861 227,340 250,292 106,528 27,319,227 Tenants 8,294 10,355 783,611 965,908 591, 196 56,693,713 PENNSYLVANIA. Total 219,295 224,248 18,586,832 19,371,015 12,673,519 1,041,068,755 Owners 164,229 162,279 12,895,522 13,081,723 8,576,291 663,390,956 Managers 3,961 3,703 648,268 539,046 371,954 61,949,303 Tenants 51, 105 58,266 5,043,042 5,750,246 3,725,274 315,728, 496 East North Central OHIO. Total 272,045 276, 719 24, 105, 708 24,501,985 19,227,969 1,654, 152,406 Owners 192, 104 197, .361 16,031,682 10,900,711 12,724,672 1,047,849,280 Managers 2,753 3,427 504,636 564,863 349,442 47,935,700 Tenants 77, 188 75,931 7,569,390 7,036,411 6, 153, 855 558,367,426 INDIANA. Total 215, 485 221,897 21,299,823 21,619,623 16,931,252 1,594,275,696 Owners 148,501 156,227 13,938,925 15,098,563 10,943,297 993,140,921 Managers 2,297 2,222 483,469 490,216 343, 151 37,817, 116 Tenants 64,687 63, 448 6, 877, 429 6,024,844 5,644,804 563, 317, .559 ILLINOIS. Total 251,872 264, 151 33,522,937 32, 794, 728 28,048, 323 3,. 522, 792, 570 Owners 145,107 158,603 17,787,063 19,671,002 15,033,192 1,765,992,310 Managers 2,386 1,950 558, 463 454,378 428,467 65,008,033 Tenants 104, 379 103, 698 14, 177,411 12,668, 748 12, 586, 604 1,091,792,227 MICHIGAN. Total 206,960 203,261 18,940,614 17,501,698 12,832,078 901,138,299 Owners 172,310 168,814 il5, 107,494 14,078,277 10, 142, 159 699,059,567 Managers 1,961 2,234 1 452,504 424,311 217, 109 22,981,178 Tenants 32, 689 :52,213 3,380,616 3,059,110 2,472,810 179, 097, .5.54 WISCONSIN. Total 177, 127 169, 795 21,000,066 19,862,727 11,907,006 9,626,706 1,201,632,72.3 Owners 151,022 145, 408 17,369, 150 10,614, 181 952,917, 179 Managers 1,451 1,391 355, 133 331,343 155, 152 24,60.5,725 Tenants 24,654 22,996 3,335,777 2,917,203 2, 125, 748 224,109,819 West North Central MINNESOTA. Total 156,137 154,659 27,675,823 26, 2-18, 498 19, 643, .533 1,262, 44 1,426 Owners 122, 104 1,222 126,809 20,608,885 20,893,906 14,153,-505 920,3.59,347 Managers 1,095 413, 7.34 486,147 285, 241 20,909,251 Tenants 32,811 26, 755 6, ,593, 204 4, 808, 385 5,204,787 321, 172, .828 IOWA Total 217,044 228,622 '33,930,688 34,574,337 29,491,199 3,257,379, 400 Owners 133,003 147,305 20,214,337 22,451,708 17,4.32, 235 1,942, .594, 349 Managers 1,926 1,581 490,805 498,982 383,977 44,993,925 Tenants 82,115 79, 736 .13,225,546 11, 023, .587 11,674,987 1,269,791,120 kt^te and class of OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 West North Central — Continued. MIS.SOURI. Total 277,244 284,886 34,591,248 33,997,873 24,581,186 *1,716,204,386 Owners 192,285 196,158 25, 189,241 25,413, 150 17,094,543 1,200,020,845 Managers 2,001 1,831 629,845 648,597 396,712 40,301,9.80 Tenants 82,958 86,897 8, 772, 162 7,936,126 6,489,931 469,821,501 NORTH DAKOTA. Total 74, .360 45,332 28,426,650 15,542,640 20,455,092 822,050,744 0\vners 63,212 40,972 23,586,728 13,539,689 16,407,698 658,809,090 Managers 484 495 477,213 661,711 374,882 16,898,168 Tenants 10,664 3,865 4,362,709 1,341,240 3,672,512 146,949,486 SOUTH DAKOTA. Total 77,644 52,622 26,016,892 19,070,616 15,827,208 1,005,080,807 Owners 57,984 •40,640 19,314,938 15,168,804 10, 779,500 694, .509, 873 Managers 429 531 635, 199 476, 141 288,106 13,918,757 Tenants 19, 231 11,451 6,066,755 3,425,671 4,759,542 296,652,177 NEBRASKA. Total 129,678 121,525 38,622,021 29,911,779 24,382,577 1,813,346,935 Owners 79,250 75,583 26,975,554 20,4.54,685 15,463,311 1,084,248,917 Managers 987 1,132 1,094,812 1,352,589 562,829 30,056,713 Tenants 49,441 44,810 10,551,655 8,104,505 8,356,437 699,041,305 KANSAS. Total 177,841 173,098 43,384,799 41,662,970 29,904,067 1,737,556,172 Owners 111,108 110,443 28,840, 182 29,141,857 19,348,793 1,109,3.37,955 Managers 1,335 1,729 1,263,691 2,467,341 434,862 32,473,063 Tenants 65,308 60,926 13,280,926 10,053,772 10,120,412 595,745,154 South Atlantic DELAWARE. Total 10,836 9,687 1,038,866 1,066,228 713,538 53,155,983 Owners 6,178 4,680 476,827 423,763 322,077 27,175,067 Managers 123 131 21,164 16, 146 17,587 1,776,280 Tenants 4,535 4,876 540,875 626,319 373,874 24,204,636 M.VEYLAND. Total 48,923 46,012 5,057,140 5,170,075 3,354,767 241,737,123 Owners 33,519 29,513 2,905,318 2,799,642 1,883,482 132,810,705 Managers 988 1,052 207,291 205, 754 129,269 24,468,741 Tenants 14,416 15,447 1,944,531 2, 104,679 1,342,016 84, 457,677 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Total 217 209 6,003 8,489 5,133 8,231,343 Owners 118 133 2,429 2,808 2,127 2,279,800 Managers 15 20 1,466 2,005 1,203 3,240,843 Tenants 84 116 2,178 3,676 1,743 2,710,700 MRGINIA. Total 184,018 167,886 19,495,036 19,907,883 9,870,058 532,058,062 Owners 133,664 114,155 14,715,345 13,818,195 7,471,786 402,841,295 Managers. 1,625 2, 135 660,325 788,038 320,528 27,354,420 Tenants 48, 729 51,596 4,119,906 5,301,050 2,077,744 101,862,341 WEST VIRGINU. Total 96,685 92,874 10,026,442 10, 654; 513 5,521,757 204,300,954 Owners 75,978 71,529 8, 184, 195 8,529,402 4,606, 103 207,994,468 Managers 872 1,054 284,502 358,904 133,834 9,135,605 Tenants 19,8.35 20,291 1.. 557, 745 1,700,117 781,820 47,2fi0,821 NORTH CAROLINA. Total 253, 725 224,637 22, 439, 129 22,749,350 8,813,056 450,024,607 Owners 145,320 130,572 15,656,323 10,062,030 5,539,783 305,334,091 Managers 1,118 1,057 582,377 420, 450 159,982 3,113,291 14,209,244 Tenants 107, 287 93, 00.8 6,200,429 6,260,876 137,081,272 SOUTH CAROLINA. Total 176, 434 1.55, 355 1.3,512,028 13,985,014 6,097,999 332,888,081 Owners 64,350 .59,417 8, 051,, 503 8, 227, 679 2,800,778 185,703,312 Managers 863 1,0.54 .547, 412 4,913,113 065, 760 5,091,575 141,800 11,280,139 Tenants 111,221 94,884 3.1.55,415 135,898,030 GEORGIA. Tot al 291,027 224,691 26,953,413 20,392,057 12,298,017 ' 479,204,332 Owners 98,628 88,529 14,851,292 1,5,547,407 4,931,295 i 239,021,770 1 17,053,921 Managers 1,419 1,602 779, 122 795, 177 248,3.50 1'enants 190, -9.80 134,. 560 11,322,999 10,049,473 7,118,372 221,928,035 FLORIDA. Total .50,016 40,814 5,253,538 4, 363. 891 1,80), 408 118,145,989 Owners 35,399 28.984 4,286,551 3,514,950 1,286,830 89.5.33,707 M onagers 1,275 1,010 280,741 208,080 70, 405 10,414,031 Tenants 13,342 10,820 680, 240 040, 201 4-12, 107 12, 198, 191 East South Central KENTUCKY. Total 259, 185 234,667 22, 189,127 21,979,422 14,354,471 035,459,372 Owners 170,332 155, 996 17, 462, 755 I7,.334,324 11.0.80,744 404, 8118, 303 Managers 993 l.OOti 315,201 302,219 174,708 10,8;i6,.522 Tenants 87,860 77, 06.5 4,411,112 4,282,879 3,0<>3.019 1.53, 784,. 547 TENNESSEE. Total 2-16,012 224, 623 20,041,6.57 20,342,058 10,890,484 4.80,522,587 Owners 144,125 132, 197 14,672,637 14, .523, 975 7,461,499 115,918 ,332,307,052 10,992,818 Managers 8«i 1,286 334,929 383,7.54 Tenants 101,061 91,140 5,031.091 5,434,329 3,313,007 1.37, 102, 1 17 TKNITRi: OF FARMS 291 NUMBER, TOTAl; AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY TENURE OF OPERATOR, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900— Continued. 'I'ublo 6— Contd. STATE AND CLASS OP OPERATOR. NUMBER OP FARMS. .\LL LAND IN FARMS ( acres ). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 East South Central — Continued. ALABAMA. Total 262, 901 223,220 20,732,312 20,085,427 9,693,581 *288,253,591 Owners 103,925 93, 472 13,280,100 13,565,350 4,620, 232 106,872,298 Managers 646 874 366,767 301,301 120,099 6,965,093 Tenants 158,326 128,874 7,085,439 6, 758, 776 4,953,250 114,415,600 MISSISSIPPI. Total 274,382 220,803 18,557,533 18,240,736 9,008,310 334,162,289 Owners 92,066 82,021 11,716,474 11,957,827 4,215,447 171,674,273 Managers 825 930 586,511 516, 176 168,066 12,802,628 Tenants 181,491 137,852 0,254,548 5,766,733 4,024,797 149,685,388 West South Central ARKANSAS. Total 214,678 178,694 17,416,075 16,636,719 8,076,254 309, 166, 813 Owners 106,649 96, 735 12.389.542 12,187,517 4, 815, 122 181,882,010 •Managers 763 819 328, 186 319, 450 112,699 10,440,663 Tenants 107, 266 81,140 4,698,347 4, 129, 752 3, 148, 433 116, 844, 140 LOUISIANA. Total 120,546 115,969 10,439, 481 11,059,127 5,276,016 237,544,450 i Owners 52,989 47, 701 6, 766, 123 7, 167, 807 2, 865, 762 134, 121,536 •Managers 950 1,034 986, 357 973, 721 414,442 29,902,294 Tenants 66,607 67,234 2, 687,001 2,917,599 1,995,812 73, 520, 620 OKLAHOMA.I Total 190, 192 108, 000 28, 859, 353 22, 988, 339 17,551,337 738,677,224 Owners 85,404 60, 209 15, 996, 795 12,238,431 9,322,165 417, 862, 302 Managers 651 541 428,679 2,936,411 176, 927 8,748,571 Tenants 104, 137 47, 250 12, 433, 879 7,813,497 8, 052, 245 312,066,351 TEXAS. Total 417,770 352, 190 112,435,067 125,807,017 27,360,666 i 1,843,208,395 i Owners 195,863 174,639 69,201,014 65,214,001 13,882, 422 1,034,014,670 1 Managers 2,332 2,560 17,954,949 41,991,308 722, 399 156,091,617 Tenants 219,575 174, 991 25, 279, 104 18,001,648 12, 755, 845 653,102,108 Mountain MONTANA. Total 26,214 13,370 13,545,603 11,844,454 3,640,309 251,625,930 i Owners 23,365 11,601 10,640,902 5,631,184 2, 894, 823 196,511,859 1 Managers Tenants 505 479 1,429,990 5,351,005 357, 840 26,293,008 2,344 1,230 1,474,711 862, 265 387, 646 28,821,063 IDAHO. 30. 807 17,471 15,585 5,283,604 4,446,313 3, 204, 903 2, 725, 403 2, 778, 740 2,268,114| 245,065,825 196, 806, 545 Owners 27, 169 Managers 450 357 270, 234 199, 403 126,814 13,627,913 Tenants .3, 188 1,529 507,057 280, 097 383. 812 34,631,367 STATE AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 ilho 190<) 1910 1010 Mountain— Contd. WYOMING. Total 10, 987 6,095 8,543,010 8,124,536 1,256, 160 *97,915,277 Owners 9,7.79 5,185 5,152,581 4,022,941 940,372 71,276,554 Managers 311 446 2, 862, 992 3,608, 155 189,900 17, 184,459 Tenants 897 464 527, 437 493,440 125,888 9,454,264 COLORADO. Totai 46,170 24,700 1.3,532,113 9,474,588 4, 302, 101 408,518,861 Owners 36,993 18, 239 10, 134,797 6,156,841 2,907,897 270,209,463 Managers 787 880 1,140,446 1,787,515 310, 402 29,343,653 Tenants 8,390 5,581 2,256,870 1,530,232 1,083,802 108, 965, 745 NEW MEXICO. Totai 35,676 12,311 11,270,021 5, 130,878 1,467, 191 111,8.30,999 Owners 33,398 10,674 7.095,901 2,421,403 1,298,7.39 80,982,225 Managers 321 483 3, 195, 759 2,282,612 74, 147 20, 343, 772 Tenants ARIZONA. 1,957 1,154 978, 361 426, 863 94,305 10,505,002 Total 9,227 5,809 1,246,613 1,935,327 350,173 47,285,310 Owners 8,203 4,985 874.914 523,117 254,439 33,196,611 Managers 163 335 264, 798 1, .354, 854 35,871 6,800,694 Tenants 861 489 106,901 57,356 59,863 8,288,005 UTAH. Total 21,676 19,387 3,397,699 4, 116, 951 1,368,211 117,545,332 Owners 19, 762 17,363 2,888,090 2,601,554 1,202,072 101,417,754 Managers 194 311 315,376 929,298 06,462 6,545, 737 Tenants 1,720 1,713 194,233 586,099 99,677 9,581,841 NEVADA. Total 2,689 2,184 2,714,757 2,565,647 752, 117 39,609,339 Owners 2,175 1,809 1,032,432 1,461,483 386, 132 21,731,515 Managers 181 126 1,524,130 1,002,307 310,527 13,908,493 Tenants 333 249 1.58, 195 101, 857 55,458 3,969,331 Pacihe WASHINGTON. Total 56, 192 33,202 11,712,235 8,499,297 6,373,311 571,968,457 Owners 47,505 28,020 9,115,171 6,998,988 4,760,836 430,624,440 Managers 961 405 529,082 373,499 159, 461 29,414,474 Tenants 7,726 4,777 2,067, 982 1,126,810 1,453,014 111,929,543 OREGON. Total 45,. 502 35,837 11,685,110 10,071,328 4, 274, 803 455,576,309 Owners 37, 796 28,903 9,036,370 7,411,128 3,061,350 335,786,072 Managers 847 508 766,007 1, 162, 468 212,812 28,725,693 Tenants 6,8*9 6,366 1,882,733 1, 497, 732 1,000,641 91,064,544 CALIFORNIA. Total 88, 197 72,542 27,931,444 28, 828, 951 11,389,894 1,450,601,488 Owners 66,632 52,529 15,125,339 15,189,945 6, 464, 472 882,447,830 Managers 3,417 3,253 6,604,972 6,201,133 7,002,038 1,728,625 229,544.415 Tenants 18, 148 16, 760 6,636,968 3, 196, 797 338,609,243 > Figures for 1900 include Indian Territorj'. 292 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. FARM MORTGAGES. The inquiries witli inference to mortgage debt at each of the last thre(^ censuses related only to those farms which were operated by their owners, and no attempt was made to ascertain the total number of farms which were mortgaged or the total amount of mortgage debt. Tenants or hired managers are not lik(dy to have accui’ate information as to whether the farms tliey operate are mortgaged, and still less as to the amount of mortgage debt, and it would be prac- tically impossible, in many cases, to reach the owners of such farms in order to ascertain these facts. In the case of farms of owners who rent additional land, the statement as to the amount of mortgage debt relates only to the laml owned by the operator. Such farms are included in all of the statistics dealing with the number of farms mortgaged, but not in those relating to the amount of mortgage debt. Number of farms mortgaged. — The statistics with reference to the numl)er of farms mortgaged for the past three censuses are not precisely comparable, although nearly so. At the census of 1910 questions as to mortgage debt applied to all farms operated by ownei-s, while at the two preceding censuses they applied only to the slightly smaller class of “owned farm homes” — that is, farms occupied by their owners as homes. Table 7 shows, for the United States as a whole for the last three censuses, the actual returns with regard to the number of farms or farm homes operated or occupied by their owners which were free from mort- gage and mortgaged, respectively. Table 7 Total. Free from mortgage. Mortgaged. Not specified. 1!)I0 — Farms operated by owners. 1900 -Owuied farm home.s 1890 -Owned farm home.s 3.948.722 3,638.403 3,142,746 2,588,596 2,419,180 2,227,969 • 1.312.034 1,093, 164 875,052 48,092 126,059 39,725 At the census of 1900 there were many more cases of failure to report the presence or absence of mort- gage indebtedness than at the census of 1910 or of 1890. While the proportion free from mortgage or mortgaged can be calculated on the basis of the actual reports, it would not be proper to compute the increase in the number of farms in each of these classes with- out first distributing in proper proportion the farms for which no report was secured between the two groups. This has been done in Table 8, which pre- sents statistics by divisions. Table 8 FARMS OR FARM HOMES OPERATED OR OCCATIED BY OWXERS. DmSION. Free from mortgage. Mortgaged. 1910 1900 1890 • Increase: ' 1900-1910 Increase: ' 1890-1900 1910 1900 1890 Increa.'ie: > 1900-1910 Increase: ‘ 1890-1900 Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Nimiber, Per cent. Number. Per cent. United States 2.621,283 2, 510, 654 2, 255, 789 110,629 4.4 254.865 11.3 1,327.439 1, 127. 749 886, 957 199, 690 17.7 240.792 27.1 New England 109,586 108, 474 118,717 1,112 1.0 -10,243 -8.6 58, 822 56, 129 46, 738 2,693 4.8 9,391 20. I Middle Atlantic 219,093 214,285 222, 497 4,808 2.2 -8,212 -3.7 135, 943 144, 402 130, 770 -8,519 -5.9 13, 692 10. 5 East North Central 478, 408 503,421 479,014 -25,013 -5.0 24, 407 0. 1 ,330, 630 327, 799 288.359 2, 837 0.9 39, 440 13.7 West North Central 408,980 406,265 357,099 2, 715 0.7 49, 166 13.8 .349, 9«> 322,852 330, 070 27,114 8.4 -7,218 -2.2 South Atlantic 481,412 438,097 387, 381 43,315 9.9 50, 716 13. 1 111,742 88,217 31,080 23,525 26.7 57, 137 18.3. .8 East South Central 394, 573 380,866 346, 320 13, 707 3.6 34,546 10.0 115,879 77,976 16, 234 37,90;i 48.6 61,742 380.3 West .South Central 305, 792 306, .360 238,995 -568 -0.2 67,365 28.2 135,113 67, 987 11,955 67, 126 98.7 56,032 468.7 Mountain 127,400 74, 896 45,631 52,504 70. 1 29,205 64. 1 33, 444 12,570 7,511 20, 874 106. 1 5.059 67.4 Pacific 96,0.39 77,990 60, 135 18,049 23. 1 17,855 29.7 55, 894 29, 757 24, 240 26, 137 87.8 5,517 22.8 > A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. Table 9 shows percentages derived from Table 8. Table 9 DIVISION. PER CENT OF ALL FARMS FOR WHICH MORTGAGE REPORTS WERE OBTAINED.* Free from mortgage. M()rtg:iged. 1910 1900 1890 1910 I'.HN) ISIM) United States 66.4 68.9 71.8 33.6 31. 1 28.2 New England 65. 1 65.9 71. S 34. 9 34. 1 28.2 Middle .\tlantic 61.7 59.7 63. 0 38.3 40.3 37.0 East North Central .59, 1 60.6 62.4 40.9 39. 4 :i7.6 West North Central 53. 9 55. 7 52. 0 46. 1 44.3 48. 0 South Atlantic 81.2 83.2 92.6 18.8 16.8 7.4 East South Central 77.3 8.3.0 95. 5 22.7 17.0 4.5 West South Central 69. 4 81.8 95.2 30.6 18.2 1.8 Mountain 79.2 85. 6 8.5.9 20.8 14.4 14. 1 ra. 2 72.4 71.3 36. 8 27.6 28.7 ' Vor 1910 basofl on farms operated by their owners and for 1901) and 18iH) on farm liomes occupied by their owners. In making comparisons between geographic divi- sions and between censuses, it should be borne in mind that i.he fact of mortgage indebtedness is not neces- sarily an indication of lack of jirosperity. There can b(' no question but that American farmers generally were more prosperous in 1910 t han at. t he two pre- ceding censuses, and yet in that year a larger propor- tion of the farms were mortgaged. The proportion of mortgage indebtedness is higher in Iowa and Wis- consin tlian in any of the other states, and yet these states are among the most prosperous in agriculture. Althougli in some cases mortgages are placed on farms because of jioor crops or other misfortunes or because of mismanagement, they often repre.sent an unpaid portion of the cost of the farm itself or money ex- FARM MOinXJACES. 293 pondocl for julditioniil land or for biiildin1.430 2.50, 199, 190 00. 030, (’>60 11,075 2.802 8,873 21.0 30.3 1 Includes those whose owners ren(.ed additional land. s PeiconiaROs are based on combined lolal of farms “free from moriKage” and “mortgaged.” 3 Inc'iudea only tlioso whoso owners reporte 4, 1 0.3 I’aciflc 80.1 16.8 3.1 83. 1 1.5.0 1.9 43.8 54.5 1.7 COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS 297 FARM OPERATORS CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND NATIVITY AND RY TENURE, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES: Table 11 DIVISION OR STATK. ALT FARM OPERATORS, NATIVE WHITE FARM OPERATORS. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE FARM OPERATORS. NEGRO AND OTHER NONWIIITE FARM OPERATORS. Total. Owners. Tenants. Man- Total . 1 Owners. Tenants . Man- Total. 1 Own- Ten- Man- Total. Own- Ten- Man- apers. agers. crs. ants. agers. ers. ants. agers. United States 6.361,602 3, 948, 722 2, 354. 676 58,104 4,771,063 3, 162, 564 1,658,392 50, 087 669, 556 544,917 118,166 6,473 920,883 241,221 678, 118 1,644 GsooRAriiic mvisioNs: New England 188,802 168,408 15,015 5,379 161,009^ 144,212 12, .395 4,402 27,451 23,925 2,568 958 342 271 52 19 Middle Allantio 468,379 355,036 104,271 9,072 41 9, ,342 310,420 95,030 7,880 47,070 37, 196 8,700 1,114 1 , 9G1 1,414 475 72 East North Central 1,123,489 809,044 303, 597 10,848 929,619 646,032 274,112 9,475 188,153 1.59, 104 27,750 1,299 5,717 3,908 1,735 74 West North Central 1,109,948 7.58,946 342,018 8,3.84 830,642 534,260 289,2.55 7,127 269,442 217,317 50,944 1,181 9,864 7,369 2,419 76 South Atlantic 1,111,881 593, 154 510, 429 8,298 748,878 485,134 250, 412 7,332 7,141 6,059 836 246 355,862 101,961 253,181 720 East South Central 1,042,480 510, 452 528,738 3,290 712,443 447,808 261,650 2,985 4,819 3,907 856 56 325,218 58,737 2(.6,232 249 West South Central 943, 186 440, 905 497,585 4,696 692,624; 357, 128 331,233 4,263 41,501 26,008 15,291 202 209,061 57, 769 151,001 231 Mountain 183, 446 160,844 19,690 2,912 143,991 125, 426 10,079 2,480 31,427 27,743 3,280 404 8,028 7,675 331 22 Pacific 189,891 151,933 32, 733 5,225 132, 515 106,158 22.226 4,131 52, .546 43,658 7,875 1,013 4,830 2,117 2,032 81 New England: Maine 60,016 56, 454 2,563 999 55,014 51,798 2,286 930 4,973 4,631 274 68 29 25 3 1 New Uampshire 27,053 24, 493 1,879 681 , 24,347 22, 143 1,012 592 2,691 2,. 338 265 88 15 12 2 1 Vermont 32,709 28,065 4,008 636 28,968 24,789 3, 003 576 3,721 3,259 403 59 20 17 2 1 Massachusetts 36,917 32,075 2,979 1,863 28,431 24,857 2,173 1,401 8,362 7,109 795 458 124 109 11 4 5,292 4.087 954 231 4,408 3,466 743 199 843 592 199 52 41 29 12 Connecticut 26,815 23,234 2,632 949 19,841 17, 1.59 1,978 704 6,861 5,996 032 2.33 113 79 22 12 Middle Atlantic: New York 215, 597 166,674 44,872 4,051 187,629 144,850 39,389 3,390 27,029 21,010 5,366 647 939 808 117 14 New Jersey 33,487 24,133 8,294 1,060 26, 796 18,833 7,137 826 6,215 5,035 973 207 476 265 184 27 Pennsylvania 219,295 164,229 51,105 3, 961 204,917 152, 743 4,8,504 3,670 13,832 11,145 2,427 260 546 341 174 31 East North Central: Ohio 272,045 192, 104 77,188 2,753 252,645 176, 502 73,598 2,545 17,450 14,289 2.981 180 1,950 1,313 609 28 Indiana 215,485 148,501 64,687 2,297 204, 951 139,869 02,878 2,204 9,729 8,160 1,491 78 805 472 318 15 Illinois 251.872 145, 107 104,379 2,386 217,053 123,907 91,014 2,132 33,394 20,411 12,747 236 1.425 789 618 18 Michigan 206,900 172,310 32,689 1,961 147,790 118,660 27,609 1,521 58,224 52,865 4,928 431 946 785 152 9 Wisconsin 177, 127 151,022 24,654 1.451 107, 180 87,094 19,013 1,073 69,356 63,379 5,603 374 591 549 38 4 West North Central: Minnesota 156, 137 122, 104 32.811 1.222 74,710 52,427 21,446 837 81,134 69,483 11,268 383 293 194 97 2 Iowa 217,044 133,003 82,115 1,926 167,856 98,615 67,547 1,694 48,987 34,252 14,505 230 201 136 63 2 Missouri 277,244 192,285 82,958 2,001 259,111 177,620 79,609 1,882 14,467 12,556 1,833 78 3,666 2, 109 1,516 41 North Dakota 74,360 63,212 10,664 484 35,750 29,082 6,352 316 37,867 33,403 4,298 166 74.3 727 14 2 South Dakota 77,644 ,57,984 19,231 429 49,360 35,011 14,024 325 25,476 20,237 5,142 97 2,808 2,736 65 7 Nebraska 129,678 79,250 49,441 987 93,509 52,357 40,290 856 35,707 26,524 9,053 130 462 369 92 1 Kansas 177,841 111,108 65,398 1,335 150,346 89, 148 59,981 1,217 25,804 20,862 4,845 97 1,691 1,098 572 21 South Atlantic: Delaware 10,830 6, 178 4,535 123 9,504 5,448 3,956 100 410 324 79 7 1 922 406 500 16 Maryland 48,923 33,519 14,416 988 40,669 28,047 11,797 825 1,882 1,522 284 76 6,372 3,950 2,335 87 District of Columbia 217 118 84 15 108 82 75 11 37 28 6 3 12 8 3 1 Virginia 184,018 133,664 48,729 1,625 134, 155 99,862 32,884 1,409 1,749 1,574 139 36 48,114 32,228 15,706 180 W cst Virginia 96,685 75,978 19,835 872 95,138 74,674 19,606 858 839 746 86 7 708 558 143 7 North Carolina 253,725 145,320 107,287 1,118 187,657 123,510 63,115 1,032 412 367 .33 12 65,656 21,443 44, 139 74 South Carolina 176,4.34 64,350 111,221 863 79,424 43,834 34,802 728 212 144 64 4 96,798 20,372 76,295 131 Georgia 291,027 98,028 190,980 1,419 168,083 82,634 84, 167 1,282 385 296 75 14 122,559 15,698 106,738 123 Florida 50,016 35,399 13,342 1,275 34,080 27,043 5,950 1,087 1,215 1,058 70 87 14,721 7,298 7,322 101 East South Central: Kentucky 259, 185 170,332 87,860 993 245,499 162, 736 81,837 926 1,956 1,667 262 27 11,730 5,929 5,761 40 Tennessee 240,012 144, 125 101,061 826 206,821 132, 710 73,347 764 883 715 157 11 38,308 10,700 27, 557 51 Alabama 202,901 103,929 158,326 646 151,214 85, 734 04,894 580 1,244 1,113 123 8 110,443 17,082 93,309 52 Mississippi 274,382 92,066 ' 181,491 825 108,909 66,628 41,572 709 736 412 314 10 164, 737 25,026 139,605 106 West South Central: Arkansas 214,678 106,649 107,266 763 148, 627 89,839 58,081 707 2,458 2,148 300 10 63,593 14,662 48,885 46 Louisiana 120, 540 52, 989 66,607 950 63,236 40,815 21,587 834 2,431 1,449 943 39 54,879 10,725 44,077 77 Oklahoma 190, 192 85,404 104, 137 051 161,773 68,564 92, 607 602 7,748 5,690 2,036 22 20,671 11,150 9,494 27 Texas 417,770 195,863 219, 575 2,332 318, 988 157,910 158,958 2,120 28,864 16, 721 12,012 131 69,918 21,232 48,605 81 Mountain: Montana 20,214 23,365 2,344 505 18,105 15,985 1,771 409 6,853 6,213 547 9.3 1,196 1,167 20 3 Idaho 30,807 27,169 3,188 450 24, 694 21,514 2,781 .199 Ptj 708 5,312 345 51 405 343 62 Wyoming 10,987 9,779 897 311 9,019 7,965 795 259 1,903 1,753 99 51 65 61 3 1 Colorado 46, 170 36, 993 8,390 787 37, 198 29,801 6,711 080 8,398 6,726 1,572 100 574 466 107 1 New Mexico 35,676 33,398 1,957 321 32,088 30,046 f,742 300 1,440 1,231 192 17 2,148 2,121 23 4 Arizona 9,227 8,203 861 163 5,218 4,410 683 125 806 644 135 27 3,20.3 3,149 43 11 Utah 21,676 19,762 1,720 194 15,948 14,380 1,404 164 5,452 5, IGG 257 29 276 216 59 1 Nevada 2,689 2,175 333 181 1,661 1,325 192 144 867 698 133 36 161 152 8 1 Pacific: W ashington 56, 192 47,505 7,726 961 37,770 31,163 5,838 769 17,297 15,641 1,475 181 1,125 701 413 11 Oregon 45,502 37,796 6,859 847 35,819 29,215 5,883 721 9,056 8, 103 835 118 627 478 141 8 California 88,197 66,632 18,148 3,417 58,926 45, 780 10,505 2,641 26,193 19,914 .5,565 714 3,078 938 2,078 62 298 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Table 13 brin{?s out tlio fact that in each of the geographic divisions except New England a larger proportion of the foreign-born white fanners than of the native white own their farms, the percentages for the United States as a whole in 1910 being, respec- tively, 81 .4 and 00. 3. This difference is largely due to the fact that the foreign-born white farmers are on the average considerably older than the native white. Most of the former have been in this country a good many years, as comparatively few of the more recent immigrants have gone to the famis. A large propor- tion of the native white tenants consist of young men. sons of farmers, who have only recently begun the independent operation of farms, and who expect to buy land later. In the country as a whole the pro- portion of owners is very much lower among colored farmers (26.2 per cent in 1910) than among either the native white or the foreign-born white; but there is a great difference in tliis respect between the South and the rest of the country. Numbelt of farmers, classified by color: 1910 and 1900. — Table 15 shows, by geographic divisions, for 1910 and 1900, the number of farm operators who were whites, negroes, Indians, Cliinese, and Japanese, respectively. TabBe 15 DIVISION. ALL FARM OPERATORS. WHITE FARM OPERATORS. COLORED FARM OPERATORS. Total. Negroes. Indians. Chinese. Japanese. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 6.361,502 188,802 468, 379 1,123,489 1, 109,948 1,111,881 1,042,480 943, 186 183,446 189,891 5, 737, 372 191,888 485, 618 1,135,823 1,060,744 962, 225 903,313 754,853 101,327 141,581 5, 440. 619 188,460 466. 418 1,117, 772 1, 100, 084 756,019 717, 262 734, 125 175.418 185,061 4,969,608 191,594 483, 772 1,129,810 1,049,857 673,354 635, 418 570, 949 96, 521 1.38,333 920, 883 342 1,961 5,717 9,864 355,862 325,218 209,061 8,028 4,830 767,764 294 1,846 6,013 10,887 288,871 267,895 183,904 4,806 3,248 893,384 310 1,310 4,843 5,603 354, 530 324,885 201,422 218 263 746,715 264 1,497 5,179 7,076 287,933 267,530 176,899 133 204 24,237 32 638 870 4,238 1,303 332 7,584 7,524 1,716 19, 910 29 337 830 3,807 935 365 6,989 4,551 2,067 760 5 2 2 13 1 10 91 636 1,100 1 12 4 4 3 16 122 938 2,502 8 2 21 16 45 195 2,215 39 "39 In the country as a whole the number of negro farmers increased much more rapidly between 1900 and 1910 than that of white farmers, the respective percentages of increase being 19.6 and 9.5. Only 1.4 per cent of all the negro farmers in 1910 were outside of the three divisions constituting the South, and it is noteworthy that the number in the North was smaller in 1910 than in 1900. The number of Cliinese and Japanese farmers at both censuses was small but the latter made a remarkable increase during the dec- ade, wliile the former fell off considerably in number. Country of birth of white farmers: 1910. — Table 16 shows, for 1910, by geographic divisions, the number of white farm operators born in each of the leading countries from which the United States receives immigrants. Table 16 DIVISION. WHITE FARM OPERATORS. Total. Born in United States. Born in foreign countries. Total. Austria. Hun- gary. Great Britain and Ireland. France. Germany. Total. England. Ireland. Scot- land. Wales. United States 5,440,619 4,763,256 669,556 33,336 3,827 87, 538 39, 728 33,480 10,220 4.110 5, 832 221,800 New England 188, 460 160, 196 27, 451 843 248 7,092 2, 429 3,751 714 198 306 2,481 Middle Atlantic 466, 418 417, 730 47,076 1,868 538 14,470 5,716 7, 103 999 652 668 15, 601 East North Central 1,117, 772 927, 524 188, 153 6,874 840 20,800 10,332 7,466 2,080 922 1,353 79,813 West North Central 1, 100. 084 829, 467 269, 442 14, 761 1,394 21,950 8,805 9,094 2, 786 1,265 1, 173 87,935 South Atlantic 756,019 748, 411 7, 141 344 165 2,141 1,134 633 313 61 112 2,635 East South Central 717, 202 712, 116 4,819 121 62 1,072 467 467 120 18 108 1,920 West South Central 734, 125 691,971 41,501 6,173 264 2, 853 1,558 781 417 97 650 15, 420 Mountain 175,418 143,699 31,427 1,021 147 8,340 4,932 1,484 1,362 562 355 5,147 Pacific 185,061 132, 142 52, 546 1,331 169 8,820 4,355 2,701 1,429 335 1,107 10,848 DIVISION . Born in foreign countries — Continued. Coun- try of birth not re- ported. Holland. Italy. Russia. Poland. Scandinavian countries. Switzer- land. Other Euro- l)oan coun- tries. Canada. All other coun- tries.' Total. Den- mark. Norway. Sweden. United States 13,790 10,614 25,788 7,228 165, 570 28, 375 69,742 67,453 14,333 17,689 61,878 10, 333 7,807 New England 75 652 1, 109 372 2, 278 390 141 1,747 207 948 10,611 16 i » 813 Middle Atlantic 1, 143 2,370 1,919 411 2,908 553 109 2, 246 895 379 3,807 99 1,612 East North Central 6,710 654 1,941 3,466 32, .560 5, 739 13,3.30 13,491 4,062 4,527 24,262 291 2,095 West North Central 4,827 404 16, 245 2, 179 95, 475 14,846 41,015 89, 614 3,863 6,3.31 13, 3.56 549 1,175 South Atlantic 62 214 143 69 407 124 93 190 247 75 443 1)4 467 East South Central 26 392 44 27 382 73 64 245 391 84 148 42 327 West South Central 139 2,089 1,686 562 2, 276 491 404 1,381 712 842 847 6,988 653 Mountain 393 1,007 1,058 47 8,407 3,097 1,68.3 3, 627 1,023 593 3,0.38 791 292 Pacific 425 2, 772 1, .583 95 10,877 3, 062 2, 90.3 4,912 2,933 4,910 6,366 1,310 373 ' Includes those born at sea. COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS 299 Tho foroign countries wliicli have contributed the largest number of farm operators to the United States are Germany, Sweden, Canada, Norway, England, Ireland, Austria, Denmark, and Russia, in the order named. It should be noted that this order by no means corresponds to the order in which the various foreign countries liave contributed to the total popula- tion of the United States. The immigrants from certain countries, notably Ireland, Italy, and Russia, have nearly all gone into pursuits other than agricultural. Color and tenure of fanners in the South: 1910 and 1900 . — On account of the large number of colored farmers in the South, more detailed statistics regarding the two principal race groups are presented for that section than for the North and West. Table 17 shows, for the South as a whole and for each of the geographic divisions composing it, the number, total and improved acreage, and value of land and buildings in 1910 and 1900, for farms of white and colored farmers, respectively, with a further classification according to tenure. It also sliows, by percentages, the distribution of the respective totals between the two color groups and among the six subgroups formed by combination of the tenure classification with that according to color. In tlic South as a whole in 1910 white farmers con- stituted 71.3 per cent of the total number of farmers and colored farmers 28.7 per cent. Of the total farm acreage, however, 88 per cent was in farms operated by white and 12 per cent in farms operated by colored farmers; and of the improved land in farms, 81.G per cent was in farms operated by white farmers and 18.4 per cent in farms operated by colored farmers. Wliites constituted a smaller proportion of the total number of farmers and the farms operated by them contained a smaller proportion of the total land in farms in 1910 than in 1900, but there was no change in the proportion of improved land in farms operated by the two race groups. Table 17 PER CENT OF TOTAL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS, ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 THE SOUTH.... 3,097,647 2,620,391 354,452,880 362,036,351 150,690, 852 126, 108, 093 $7,353,431,195 $3,279,021,509 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White farmers: Total 2,207,406 1,879,721 311,843,743 323,424,305 122,955,109 102,893,480 6,453,298,801 2,898,740,541 71.3 71.7 88.0 89.3 81.6 81.6 87.8 88.4 Owners 1,326,044 1, 183, 806 214,923,693 209,756,484 79,582,541 69,940, 143 4,223,935,087 1,947,821,958 42.8 45.2 60.6 57.9 52.8 55.5 57.4 59.4 Managers 15, 084 17, 172 24,316,249 50,877,426 3, 126,093 3,051,584 307,948,147 220,573,860 0.5 0.7 6.9 14. 1 2.1 2.4 5.0 6.7 Tenants 866,278 678, 743 72, 603, 801 62,790,395 40, 246, 475 29,901,759 1,861,415,627 730,344,723 28.0 25.9 20.5 17.3 26.7 23.7 25.3 22.3 Colored farmers: Total 890, 141 740, 670 42,609,117 38,612,046 27, 735, 743 23,214,607 900, 132,334 380,280,908 28.7 28.3 12.0 10.7 18.4 18.4 12.2 11.6 Owners 218,467 186,676 15,691,536 13,358,684 7,531,119 6,020,805 272.992,238 100,619,328 7.1 7.1 4.4 3.7 5.0 4.8 3.7 3.3 Managers 1,200 1,593 349,779 428,518 108,249 127, 742 10,371,949 5,544,310 f‘) 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0. 1 0.1 0.2 Tenants 670,474 552, 401 26,567,802 24,824,844 20,096,375 17,060,060 016,768,147 268,117,330 21.6 21.1 7.5 6.9 13.3 13.5 8.4 8.2 South Atlantic 1,111,881 962,225 103,782,255 104,297,506 48, 479,733 46,100,226 2,486,436,474 1,206,349,618 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White farmers: Total 756, 019 673,354 86, 106,873 88,660,241 37,489,664 37,204,364 2,118,729,406 1,072,961,860 68.0 70.0 83.0 85.0 77.3 80.7 85.2 88.9 Owners 491, 193 442,396 63,483,405 64, 498, 437 26, 148,320 25,700.843 1,487,725,662 741.156,350 44.2 46.0 61.2 61.8 53.9 55.7 59.8 61.4 Managers 7,578 8,145 3,219,019 3,260,530 1,167,797 1,220,873 119,811,609 60,596,740 0.7 0.8 3.1 3. 1 2.4 2.6 4.8 5.0 Tenants 257,248 222,813 19,404,449 20,901,274 10, 173, 547 10,282,648 511, 192, 135 271,208, ”70 23.1 23.2 18.7 20.0 21.0 22.3 20.6 22.5 Colored farmers: Total 355,862 288,871 17,675,382 15,637,265 10,990,069 8,895,862 367,707,068 133,387,758 32.0 30.0 17.0 15.0 22.7 19.3 14.8 11.1 Owners 101,961 85, 116 5,646,378 4,427,439 2,695,947 2,099,232 105,568,619 30,982,908 9.2 8.8 5.4 4.2 5.6 4.6 4.2 3.1 Managers 720 970 145,371 201,074 61.287 66,764 5, 727, 681 2,937,580 0.1 0.1 0. 1 0.2 0. 1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Tenaiits 253, 181 202,785 11,883,633 11,008,752 8,232,835 6,729,866 256,410,768 93,467, 270 22.8 21. 1 11.5 10.6 17.0 14.6 10.3 7.7 East South Central. White farmers: 1, 042,480 903,313 81, 520,629 81,247,643 43, 946, 846 40,237,337 1,738,397,839 933, 780, 823 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total..... 717,262 635,418 67,924,912 68,026,325 34,390,317 32,045,709 1,458,730,081 802,327,213 68.8 70.3 83.3 84.5 78.3 79.6 8.3.9 85.9 Owners 451,715 413, 775 52,592,020 53,543,623 25, 170, 277 23,600,079 1, 0(54, 815, 312 588,037,473 43.3 45.8 64.5 65.9 57.3 58.8 61.3 63.0 Managers 3,041 4,372 1,527, 107 1,503,062 552, 554 614,397 45,025,391 20, 240, 880 0.3 0.5 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.5 2.6 2.8 Tenaiits 262,506 217,271 13, 805, 785 13,519,640 8,067,486 7,771,233 348,889,378 188,042,860 25.2 24.1 16.9 16.6 19.7 19.3 20.1 20.1 Colored farmers: Total....; 325,218 267,895 13,595,717 12,621,318 9,556,529 8,191,628 279,607,758 131,4,53,610 31.2 29.7 16.7 15.5 21.7 20.4 16.1 14.1 Owners 58, 737 49,911 4,539,952 3,837,853 2,213,045 1,714,020 70,937,214 28,539.910 5. 0 5. 5 5.6 4.7 5.0 4.3 4. 1 3.1 Managers 249 324 76,360 00,388 26,237 25,866 2,572,270 1,282,910 m (') 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Tenants 260,232 217,660 8,979,405 8,723,077 7,316,647 6,451,742 200, 158, 274 101,630,790 25.5 24.1 11.0 10.7 16.6 16.0 11.9 10.9 West South Central. 943, 186 754, 853 169,149,976 176,491,202 58,264,273 39,770,530 3. 128, 596. 882 1.138,891,068 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White farmers: Total 734, 125 570,949 157,811,958 166, 137, 739 51,075,128 33,643,413 2,875,839,374 1,023,451,468 77.8 75.0 93.3 94, 1 87.7 84.6 91.9 89.9 Owners 383, 136 327,635 98,848,268 91,714,424 28,203,944 20,579,221 1,071,394,113 618,628,135 40.6 43.4 58.4 52.0 48.5 51.7 53.4 54.3 Managers 4,465 4,655 19, 570, 123 46,053,834 1,405,742 1,216,314 203,111,147 133,730,240 0.5 0.6 11.6 20. 1 2.4 3. 1 0.5 11.7 Tenants 346, 524 238, 659 39,393,507 28,369,481 21, 405, 442 11,847,878 1,001,334,114 271,093,093 36.7 31.6 23.3 16. 1 30.7 29.8 32.0 23.8 Colored farmers: Total 209,061 183,904 11,338,018 10,353,463 7, 189, 145 6, 127, 117 252, 757, 508 115,439,600 22.2 24.4 6.7 5.9 12.3 15.4 8.1 10.1 Owners 57,769 51,649 5, 505, 206 5,093,392 2,021,527 2,213,553 90,480,405 41,090,510 6.1 6.8 3.3 2.9 4.5 5.6 3.1 3.6 Managers 231 299 128,048 167,056 20, 725 35, 112 2,071,998 1,323,820 (>) (') 0.1 0.1 (>) 0.1 0. 1 0.1 Tenants 151,061 131,956 5,704,764 5,093,015 4,546,893 3,878,452 154, 199, 105 73,019,270 16.0 17.5 3.4 2.9 7.8 9.8 4.9 0.4 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 18, on the following page, shows percentages of increase based on the preceding table. The number of colored farmers in the South increased 20.2 per •cent during the decade 1900 to 1910, as compared with an increase of 17.4 per cent in the number of white farmers. The acreage of land in farms operated by white farmers decreased some- what in each geographic division of the South, while the acreage in farms operated by colored farmers increased in each of the three divisions, the percentages 300 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS -AGRICULTURE. niDf'ing from 7.7 to 13. In the Soiitli as a whole the value of land and huildings of farms operatcid hy white farmers increased 122.6 per cent during the decade, as compared with an increase of 136.7 per (;ent for farms operated hy colored farmers; in the West Soutli ('entral division, however, the percentage of increase was higher for farms of white farmers than for those of colored farmers. The number of tenants in the South, both white and colored, increased more rapidly between 1900 and 1910 than the number of farm owners. In the case of farms operated by white farmers, the total acreage, improved acreage and value of land and buildings also increased more rapidly for tenant farms than for those operated by owners, while the opposite was true of farms operated by colored farmers. Table IS PER CENT OP INCREASE 1!»00 TO 1910 DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers, Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. Total. Own- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. Total. OWTI- ers. Man- agers. Ten- ants. The South: V/hite farmers 17.4 12.0 -12.2 27.6 -3.6 2.5 -52.2 15.6 19.5 13.8 2.4 34.6 i 122.6 116.9 66.8 154.9 Colored farmers 20.2 17.0 -24.7 21.4 10.4 17.5 -18.4 7.0 19.5 25.0 -15.3 17.8 136.7 156.0 87.1 130.0 South Atlantic: White farmers 12. 3 11. 0 —7. 0 15. 5 -2.9 -1.6 -1.3 -7.2 0.8 1 7 -4.3 -1 1 97.5 100.7 97. 7 88.5 Colored farmers 23. 2 19. 8 —25.8 24. 9 13.0 27.5 -27.7 7.9 23.5 28.4 -8.2 22.3 175.7 185.5 95.0 174.8 East South Central: White farmers 12.9 9.2 -30.4 20.8 -1.0 -1.8 -2.3 2.1 7.3 6.4 -10.1 11.5 81.8 81. 1 71.5 85.5^ Colored farmers 21.4 17. 7 -23. 1 22.3 7.7 18.3 26.4 2.9 16.7 29. 1 1. 4 13.4 112.8 148,6 100.5 102.9 West South Central: White farmers 28.6 16.9 -4. 1 45. 2 -5.0 7.8 -57.5 38.9 51.8 37.3 15.6 80.7 181.0 170.2 51.9 269.4 Colored farmers 13.7 11.8 -22. 7 14.5 9.5 8. 1 -23.4 12.0 17.3 18 4 -41.0 17.2 119.0 134.8 56.5 111.2 1 A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. In Table 19 the number, total and improved acre- age, and value of land and buildings of farms operated by white farmers are distributed by percentages among the three tenure classes, and a corresponding disti’ibution is made for the farms operated by colored farmers. The percentages therefore have a different significance from those shown in Table 17. and afford a more convenient means of comparing conditions among the white and the colored farmers. In 1910, 60.1 per cent of the white fanners in the South as a whole were owners, as against 24.5 per cent of the colored farmers. The proportion of the total farm acreage which was in farms operated by owners was 68.9 per cent for farms operated by white farmers and 36.8 per cent for those operated by col- ored farmers. The changes between 1900 and 1910 with regard to the number, acreage, and value of farms operated by the two race groups, respectively, in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions were quite different from those in the West South Central division. In the South as a whole, among both white and colored farm operators, owners reported a larger pro- portion of the total farm acreage in 1910 than in 1900. In the case of white farmers the proportion of land in tenant farms also increased, while there was a marked decrease in the proportion of land in farms oj)erated by white managers (mainly due to a large decrease in the West South Central division). In the case of colored fariiH'rs however the proportion of land which was in tenant farms was lower in 1910 than in 1900. Table 19 PER CENT OF TOTAL. DIVISION AND CLASS OF operator. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 mto 1910 1900 THE SOUTH White farmers: Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 Owners 60.1 63.0 68.9 64.9 64.7 68.0 65.5 67.2 Managers 0.7 0.9 7.8 15.7 2.5 3.0 5.7 7.6 Tenants 39.2 36.1 23.3 19.4 32.7 29. 1 28.8 25.2 Colored farmers: Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 24.5 25.2 36.8 34.6 27.2 26.0 30.3 28.0 Managers 0.1 0.2 0.8 1. 1 0.4 0.6 1.2 1.5 Tenants 75.3 74.6 62.4 64.3 72.5 73.6 68.5 70.5 SOUTH ATLANTIC. White farmere: Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 65. 0 65.7 73.7 72.7 69.7 69.1 70.2 69.1 Managers 1.0 1.2 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.3 5.7 5.6 Tenants 34.0 33.1 22.5 23.6 27.1 27.6 24.1 25.3 Colored farmers: Total 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 28.7 29.5 31.9 28.3 24.5 23.6 28.7 27.7 Managers 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.8 l.G 2.2 Tenants 71.1 70.2 67.2 70.4 74.9 75.7 69.7 70.1 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 63.0 65. 1 77.4 78.0 73.2 73.8 73.0 73.3 Managers 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.3 1.6 1.9 3.1 3.3 Tenants 30.6 34.2 20.3 19.7 25.2 24.3 23.9 23.4 Colored farmers; Total 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 18. 1 18.6 33.4 4 23.2 20.9 25.4 21.7 Managers 0. 1 0. 1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.0 Tenants 81.9 81.2 6(>. 0 69. 1 76.6 78.8 73.7 77.3 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owners 62.2 57.4 62. 6 55. 2 55.3 61.2 58. 1 60.4 Managers 0.6 0.8 12.4 27.7 2.8 3.6 7.1 13.1 Tenants 47.2 41.8 25.0 17. 1 41.9 35.2 34.8 26.6 Colored farmers: Total 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 Owners 27. 6 28. 1 48.0 49.2 36.5 36. 1 38.2 35.0 Managers Tenants 0. 1 0.2 1. 1 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 1. 1 72.3 71.8 50.3 49.2 63.2 03.3 61.0 (')3.3 COLOR AND NATIVITY OF FARMERS. 301 Table 20 sliows the average total and improved acreage per farm, the average value of land and build- ings per farm and per acre, and the percentage of farm land improved, for farms classified according to the color and tenure of the farmer. In the South as a whole the average size of the farms operated by white farmer% in 1910 (141.3 acres) was nearly three times as great as that of the farms oper- ated by colored farmers (47.9 acres). The difference was less marked in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions than in the West South Central. The farms operated by white owners comprised on an average 162.1 acres, and those operated by colored owners 71.8 acres, while the farms of white tenants averaged 83.8 acres in size and those of colored tenants 39.6 acres. Between 1900 and 1910 the average size of farms operated by white owners decreased, while that of farms operated by colored owners increased. On the other hand, colored tenants as well as white tenants had smaller farms in 1910 than in 1900. Wliile the farms of colored farmers are smaller than those- of the whites, they consist more largely of improved land. In the South as a whole in 1910 the proportion of improved land for the farms of white farmers was 39.4 per cent, as compared with 65.1 per cent for the farms of colored farmers. The differences in this respect, however, are less conspicuous when farms of similar tenure are compared. In the South as a whole the average value of land and buildings per acre was in 1910 higher for farms of colored farmers than for those of white farmers — $21.13 as compared with $20.69. This is the effect of conditions in the West South Central division, the average value being higher for farms of wliite farmers in the other two divisions of the South. Between 1900 and 1910 there was a great increase in the average value per acre in the case of farms of all three classes of tenure operated by farmers of both color groups. In the South Atlantic and East South Central div isions the relative increases were in most cases somewhat more marked for farms operated by colored farmers than for those operated by whites, while in the West South Central division the opposite was the case. In the South as a whole the average value of land and buildings per farm in 1910 for farms operated by white farmers was $2,923, or nearly three times the average value for farms operated by colored farmers, which was $1,011. The percentage of increase be- tween 1900 and 1910, however, was somewhat greater in the average value for farms of colored farmers than in that for farms of white farmers. Table 21, on the next page, shows, for each of the Southern states, the number, total and improved acre- age, and value of land and buildings of farms operated by white and by colored farmers, wdth a further distinc- tion according to tenure. Table 20 AVERAGE ACRES PER FARM. PER CENT OF FARM AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. DIVISION AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. LAND IMPROVED. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 THE SOT7TH White farmers: Total 141.3 172.1 65.7 64.7 39.4 31.8 $2,923 $1,542 1,645 $20. 69 $8.96 162. 1 177.2 60.0 59.1 37.0 33.3 3,185 24. 393 19.65 9.29 1, 612. 1 83.8 2,962.8 92.5 207.2 177.7 12.9 6.0 12,845 15.13 4.34 46.5 44.1 55.4 47.6 2. 149 1,076 513 25.64 11.63 Colored farmers: Total 47.9 52.1 31.2 31.3 65.1 60.1 1,011 1,250 21.13 9.85 Owners 71.8 71.6 34.5 32.3 48.0 45.1 571 17.40 7. 98 291.5 269.0 90.2 80.2 30.9 29.8 8, 643 920 3,480 29.65 12. 94 39.6 44.9 30.0 30.9 75.6 68.7 '485 23.21 10 . 80 SOUTH ATLANTIC. White fanners: 113.9 131.7 49.6 5.5.3 43.5 42.0 2,,S02 3,0-29 15,810 1,987 1,593 24. 61 12.10 129.2 145.8 53.2 58.1 41.2 39.8 1,675 23.43 11.49 424.8 400.3 154.1 149.9 36.3 37. 4 7^440 37.22 18. 58 75.4 93.8 39.5 46. 1 52.4 49. 2 i;217 26. 34 12.98 Colored farmers: Total 49.7 54.1 30.9 30.8 62.2 56.9 1.033 1,035 7,955 1,013 2.034 2,357 462 20.80 8. 53 55.4 52.0 26.4 24.7 47.7 47. 4 435 18.70 8.35 201.9 207.3 85.1 68.8 42.2 33.2 3,028 461 39. 40 14. 61 46.9 54.3 32.5 33.2 69.3 61.1 21.58 8. 49 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total 94.7 108.0 47.9 50.4 50.6 1,263 1,421 21.48 11.69 116.4 129.4 55.7 57.2 47.9 44.2 20.25 10. 98 502.2 357.5 181.7 140.5 36.2 39.3 14^806 6,003 865 29. 48 16. 79 52.6 62.2 33.0 35.8 30.6 62.8 57.5 1^329 25.27 13.91 Colored farmers: 41.8 47.1 29.4 70.3 64.9 860 491 20. 57 10.42 77.3 76.9 37.7 34.3 48.8 44.7 1,208 572 15.63 7. 44 306.7 186.4 105.4 79.8 34.4 42.8 10,330 774 3,960 33.69 21.24 Tenants 33.7 40.1 27.5 29.6 81.6 74.0 22.96 11.65 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. White farmers: Total 215.0 291.0 69.6 58.9 32.4 20.3 3,917 4,362 45,490 1,793 18. *22 6. 16 258.0 279.9 73.8 62.8 28.6 22.4 ijsss 16. 91 6.75 4,383.0 113.7 9,893.4 118.9 314.8 261.3 7.2 2.6 28,728 1,136 10.38 2.90 61.8 49.6 54.3 41.8 2 ; 890 1,209 25.42 9.56 Colored farmers: 54.2 56.3 34.4 33.3 63.4 59.2 628 22.29 11. 15 95.3 98.6 42.9 47.6 43.5 1^670 796 17.53 8. 07 554.3 558.7 89.7 117.4 16.2 21.0 8,970 1,021 4,427 553 16. 18 7.92 14.34 37.8 38.6 30.1 29.4 79.7 76.2 27.03 302 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE NlJMIiER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF l.AND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND TENURE OF OPERATOR, FOR THE SOUTH, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900. Table 21 STATE AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (acres). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (acres). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1 I!)10 1900 1910 1910 South Atlantic DELAWARE. White farmers: Total 9,91-1 8,869 981,89,': 1,013,662 676,462 $51, 174,267 Owners 5, 772 4,348 463,212 411,390 312,803 26,627,516 Manaecrs . 107 116 18, 761 14,621 15, 553 1,630,480 'I'cnants . 4,035 4, 405 499,912 587,651 348, 106 22,910,271 Oolore.d farmers: Total 922 818 56,973 52,566 37,076 1,981,716 Owners 4()(> 332 13,615 12,373 9, 274 547,551 Manaeers 16 15 2,395 1,525 2,034 145, 800 Tenants 500 471 40,963 38,668 25,768 1,288, .365 MARYLAND. White farmers: Total 42,551 40, 169 4,698,623 4, 795, 774 3, 136, 185 231,467,339 Owners 29, 569 26,251 2, 783,279 2,698,151 1,806,918 128,885,932 Managers 901 947 193,930 193, 449 120,254 23,296,191 Tenants 12,081 12,971 1,721,414 1,904,174 1,209,013 79,285,216 Colored farmers: Total 6,372 5,843 358, 517 374,301 218,582 10, 269, 784 Owners 3,950 3,262 122,039 101,491 76,564 3,924,773 Managers 87 105 13,361 12,305 9,015 1,172,550 Tenants 2,335 2,476 223,117 260,505 133,003 5,172, 461 DI.STRICT OF COLUMBIA. White farmers: Total 205 252 5,968 8,181 5,038 8,141,943 Owners no 128 2,371 2,779 2,069 2,231,400 Managers 14 18 1,452 1,984 1,259 3,232,843 Tenants 81 106 2,145 3,418 1,710 2, 677, 700 t'olored farmers: Total 12 17 95 308 95 89,400 Owners 8 5 58 29 58 48,400 Managers 1 2 4 21 4 8,000 Tenants 3 10 33 2.58 33 33,000 VIRGINIA. White farmers: Total 135,904 123,052 17,257,416 17,678, 765 8,758,850 486,833,558 Owners 101,436 87, ,589 13,334,122 12, 786, 864 6,802,428 374, 781,761 Managers 1,445 1,897 630,340 753,678 306,482 26,023,611 Tenants 33,023 33,566 3, 292,954 4, 138, 223 1,649,940 86,028,186 Colored farmers: Total 48,114 44,834 2, 238, 220 2,229,118 1,111,208 45, 224,504 Owners 32,228 26, 566 1,381,223 1,031,331 669,358 28,059,534 Managers Tenants 180 238 29,985 34,960 14,046 1,330,815 15, 706 18,030 827,012 1,162,827 427,804 15,834,155 WEST VIRGINIA. White farmers: Total 95,977 92, 132 9,991,901 10,612,929 5, 501,500 263,314,560 Owners 75,420 70,995 8, 158, 238 8,503,605 4,591,581 207, 256, 207 Managers 865 1,046 283,847 357,465 133,232 9,099,970 Tenants Colored farmers: 19,692 20,091 1,549,816 1,751,859 776,687 46,958,383 Total 708 742 34,541 41,584' 20,257 1,076,394 0 wners 558 534 25,957 25,7971 14,522 738, 261 Managers 7 8 655 1,529 602 35,695 Tenants 143 200 7,929 14,258' 5, 133 302, 438 NORTH CAROLINA. White farmers: Total 188,069 109,773 19, 253, 325 19,794,218' 7,082,344 5,027,216 387,358,391 Owners 123,877 113,052 14,458,827 15,096,5781 282,524,002 Managers 1,044 936 563,385 380,9471 154, 738 13,652,244 Tenants 63,148 5S, 785 4,231,113 4,316,6931 1,900,390 91,182,145 Colored farmers: Total 65, 656 54,864 3,185,804 2,955,138’ 1,730,712 69,266, 216 Owners 21,443 17,520 1,197,496 965, 452, 512, 567 22,810,089 Managers 74 121 18,992 ;i9,503 5,244 557,000 Tenants 44,139 37,223 1,969,316 1,950,183 1,212,901 45, 899, 127 SOUTH CAROLINA. White farmers: Total 79,636 69,954 9, .571, 5,52 10, 192,938 3,499,775 233,888,327 Owners 43,978 40, 447 6,9.53,459 7,265,012 2,261,431 163, .591. 021 Managers 732 874 .504,958 619,590 126,932 10,305,245 Tenants 34.926 28, 633 2,113,135 2,308,336 1,111,412 59,992,061 Colored farmers: Total 96, 798 85, 401 3, 940, 476 3,792,076 2,598,224 98,999,7.54 Owners 20, 372 18,970 1,098,044 962,667 539, 347 22,112,291 980. 894 Managers 131 180 42,454 46, 170 14,874 Tenants 76.295 66,251 2,799,978 2,783,2,39 2,044,003 75, 906, ,569 GEORGIA. White farmers: Total 168, 468 141,865 19,861,362 20,917,083 7,506,455 350,320,000 Owners 82, 930 77, 1.54 13,501,789 14,623,145 4,286,899 219,080,866 Managers 1,296 1,394 751, .571 742,501 237, 134 16.895,884 Tenants 84,242 63, 317 5,608,002 5, 551 , 437 2,982,422 114,343,850 Colorcii farmers: Total 122,559 82, 826 7,092,051 5,474,974 4,791,562 128,883,732 Owners 15,698 11,375 1,349, .503 924,262 644,396 20, .540, 910 Managers 123 208 27, .551 .52,676 11,216 7.58, 037 Tenants 106,738 71,243 5,714,997 4,498,036 4, 1.35,9,50 107,584,785 FLORIDA. White farmers: Total 35,295 27,288 4, 484, 8.33 3, 646, 691 1,323,055 106,230,421 Owners 28, 101 22,432 3,828, 108 270, 767 3,110,913 1,056,975 82, 746, 9,57 Managers 1,174 917 196,295 72,213 15,675,141 Tenants 6,020 3, 939 385, 958 339, 483 193, 867 7,808, 3'23 STATE AND CLASS OF OPERATOR. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 South Atlantic — Con. FLORIDA— continued. Colored farmers: Total 14,721 13, 526 768,705 717,200 482,353 $11,915,568 Owners 7, '298 6,552 458, 443 404,037 229,861 6,786,810 Managers 101 93 9,974 12,385 4,252 738,890 Tenants 7,322 6,881 300,288 300, 778 248,240 4,389,868 East South Central KENTUCKY. White farmers: Total 247,4,55 223,429 21,748,350 21,531,566 14,010,777 620,427,464 Owners 164, 403 150,594 17,207,392 17,098, 174 10,900,955 457,684,135 Managers 953 1,543 310,942 353,312 171, 131 16,459,067 Tenants 82,099 71,292 4,230,016 4,080,080 2,938,691 146,284,262 Colored farmers; Total 11,730 11,238 440,777 447,856 343,694 15,031,908 Owners 5,929 5,402 255,363 236, 150 185,789 7, 154, 168 Managers 40 63 4,318 8,907 3,577 377,455 Tenants 5,761 5,773 181,096 202, 799 154,328 7,500,285 TENNESSEE. White farmers: Total 207,704 190,728 18,436,579 18,791,962 9,728,208 438,330,021 Owners 133,425 122,771 14,081,961 14,030, 151 7,111,807 320, 187,872 Managers 775 1,204 317,247 371,788 109, 140 10, 188,313 Tenants 73,504 66,753 4,036,371 4,390,023 2,507,261 107,953,836 Colored farmers: Total 38,308 33,895 1,606,078 1,550,096 1, 162,276 42,192,566 Owners 10,700 9,426 590, 676 493,824 349,692 12, 179, 780 Managers 51 82 17,682 11,966 6,778 804,505 Tenants 27,557 24,387 997, 720 1,044,306 805,806 29,208,281 ALABAMA. White farmers: Total 1.52, 458 129, 137 15,640,877 15,965,260 6, 130, 405 214,334,864 Owners 86,847 79,362 11,813,387 12,348,537 3, 944, 413 149, 586, 796 Managers 594 802 349,285 347,089 115,087 6,550,964 Tenants 65,017 48,973 3,478,205 3,269,634 2,070,905 58, 19f , 104 Colored farmers: Total 110,443 94,08.'! 5,091,435 4,7‘20, 167 3.563,176 73,918,727 Owners 17,082 14,110 1,466,719 1,216,813 675,819 17,285,502 Managers 52 72 17,482 14,212 5,012 414, 729 Tenants 93,309 79,901 3,607,234 3,489, 142 2,882,345 56,218, 496 MISSISSIPPI. White farmers: Total 109,645 92, 124 12, 100, 106 12,337,537 4.520,927 185,637,732 Owners 67,040 61,048 9,489,280 10,066,761 3, 213, 102 137,356,509 Managers 719 823 549, 633 490,873 157, 196 11,827,047 Tenants 41, 886 30,253 2.001, 193 1,779.903 1, 150,629 36, 454, 176 Colored farmers: Total 164, 737 128,679 6,457,427 .5.903,199 4.487,383 148, 524, 557 Owners 25,026 20,973 2, 227, 194 1,891,066 1,002,345 34,317, 764 Managers 106 107 36,878 25,303 10, 870 975, 581 Tenants 139,605 107, 599 4, 193, 355 3,986,830 3, 474, 168 li;i,231,212 West South Cantral ARKANS.4.S. White farmers: Total 151,085 131,711 14, 762, 752 14,333,097 6,303,048 240, 153, 704 0\vners 91,987 84,794 11, 18.5,428 11,152,225 4,273,857 101, 187, 795 Managers 717 739 322, 093 304, 544 109,631 10,201,748 Tenants 58, 381 46, 178 3, 255, 231 2,876,328 1,919,560 68, 764, 161 Colored farmers: Total 63, 593 40, 983 2,653,323 2,303,622 1,773,206 69,013,109 Owners 14, 662 11,941 1,204, 114 1,035,292 541, 265 20,094,215 Managers 46 80 6,093 14,906 3,068 238,915 Tenants 48, 885 34,962 1,443,116 1, 253, 424 1,228,873 48,079,979 LOUISIANA. White farmers: Total 65, 607 ,57, 809 8,31.5,160 8,711,079 3,809,409 192, 610, 792 Owners 42,264 38,323 5,931,428 6,423,557 2,466,112 121,341,966 Managers 873 955 965, 381 954, 065 406,395 29, 298, 223 Tenants 22,530 18,531 1,418,351 1,333, 457 936,902 41,970,003 Colored farmers: Total 54, 879 58, 160 2, 124, .321 2,348,048 1, 466, 607 44,93.3,658 Owners 10,725 9,378 834, 695 744, 250 399, 650 12,779,570 Managers 77 79 20, 970 19,656 8,047 604,071 Tenants 44,077 48, 703 1,268,650 1,584,142 1,058,910 31,550,017 OKLAHOMA. 1 White farmers: Total 169,521 94,775 26, 582, 642 21,128.187 16.378,518 691,455,431 Owners 74, 254 50,018 14,397, 140 10,685,337 8,587,571 385,530,954 Managers C'24 492 422, 384 2,840,991 175, 443 8,612, 109 Tenants 94, 043 44,265 11,703,118 7,601,859 7,615,504 297,300,308 Colored farmers: Total 20,071 13,225 2, 276,711 1, 860, 1.52 1,172,819 47,221,793 32,325,348 Owners 11,1.50 10,191 1,599,655 1,553,094 734,594 Managers 27 49 6, 295 95, 420 1,484 136, 462 Tenants 9,494 2,985 670, 701 211,638 436, 741 14.759,983 TEXAS. White farmers: Total 347, 852 286, (’>,54 10,8, 151, -104 121,965,376 24, ,584, 1.53 1,751,019,447 1,003,327,398 Owners 174,031 154,500 07,334,272 63, 4.5:1,305 12,936, 404 Miinagors 2,2,51 2, 469 129,685 17, 860, 205 41,954,234 714,273 1,51,999,067 Tenants 170,970 22,956,807 16,557,837 10,933, 476 593,292,982 Colored farmers: Total 09, 918 05,536 4,283,603 3,841,(m 2, 776,513 91,588,948 Owners 21, 232 20, 139: 1,806, 742 1,760,7,50 946,018 30, 087, 272 Managers 81 91 94,684 37,074 8,126 1,092,550 Tenants 48,005 4.5, .300 2,3'22,2.37 2,043,811 1,822,369 59,800. 1'26 ‘ Flgiires for 1900 liicludo ludian Territory. 303 FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. FARMS, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE. In adopting the size groups into which farms arc classiiicd, the Census Ihireau lias taken account of the fact that in large sections of the country the boundaries of very many of the farms correspond more or less closely to the Government surveys of public land. The Government land has for the most jiart been sold or otherwise disposed of in ejuarter sections, containing 160 acres or approximately that amount; and where these have been broken up they have commonly been subdivided into “quarter-quarters,” or 40-acre tracts. The greater number of farms, therefore, in a large [lart of the country, contain either 100 acres or some other multiple of 40 acres. United States as a whole: 1910 and 1900. — Table 22 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the number of farms in each of the various size groups, and also the acre- age for a smaller number of groups, for the United States as a whole. Table 2 ti SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). 1 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 Increase. 1910 1900 Increase.* Number of farms. All land in farms. Number. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 AU larms Under 20 acres 6 . 361,502 839. 166 18,033 317,010 504,123 1 , 414,376 1 , 438,069 1 , 516,286 978, 175 534, 191 443,984 125, 295 50, 135 5 , 737.372 673, 870 41,385 225, 844 406, 641 1 , 257,496 1 , 366,038 1 , 422,262 868,020 490, 069 377, 951 102, 526 47, 160 624, 130 165, 296 91, 166 97, 482 156, 880 72,031 94, 024 110,155 44, 122 66, 033 22, 769 2,975 10.9 24.5 (U 40.4 24.0 12.5 5.3 6.6 12.7 9.0 17.5 22.2 6.3 878 , 798,325 8 , 793, 820 838 , 591,774 7 , 180, 839 40 , 206, 551 1 , 612,981 4.8 22.5 100.0 13.2 0.3 5.0 7.9 22.2 22.6 23.8 15.4 8.4 7.0 2.0 0.8 100.0 11.7 0.7 3.9 7.1 21.9 23.8 24.8 15.1 8.5 6.6 1.8 0.8 100.0 1.0 100.0 0.9 20 to 49 acres so to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 45 , 378, 449 103 , 120, 868 205 , 480. 585 265 , 289,069 41 , 536,128 98 , 591,699 192 , 680,321 232 , 954,515 3 , 842, 321 4 , 529, 169 12 , 800, 264 32 , 334,554 9.3 4.6 6.6 13.9 5.2 11.7 23.4 30.2 5.0 11.8 23.0 27.8 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over 83 , 653, 487 167 , 082,047 67 , 864,116 197 , 784,156 15 , 789,371 - 30 , 702, 109 23.3 - 15.5 9.5 19.0 8.1 23.6 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ^ Data for 1910 and 1900 not comparable. (See te.xt.) This table shows that in 1910 more than two-thirds of the farms of the country (68.6 per cent) were between 20 and 175 acres in size. The most numerous single group was that comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres, which constituted 23.8 per cent of the total number. Farms of 50 to 99 acres, and those of 20 to 49 acres, which comprised 22.6 per cent and 22.2 per cent, respectively, of the total number, were nearly as numerous. The distribution of the total acreage of farms among the several size groups is of course radically different from the distribution of the number of farms. Farms of 175 to 499 acres, which in 1910 formed only 15.4 per cent of the whole number of farms, contained 30.2 per cent of the total farm acreage of the country, and con- stituted the most important group with respect to acreage. Farms of 100 to 174 acres ranked next in importance in this respect. These two groups together comprised somewhat over one-half (53.6 per cent) of the total acreage. Next to these groups in acreage were the farms of 1,000 acres and over, which are chiefly found in the West, and which comprised 19 per cent of the total acreage, but only 0.8 per cent of the total number. On the other hand, farms under 20 acres in size, although relatively numerous (represent- ing 13.2 per cent of the total number), comprised only 1 per cent of the farm acreage of the country. The only group in which the number of farms de- creased absolutely between 1900 and 1910 is that con- sisting of places under 3 acres in size, which at both censuses were few in number. The number of such places shown for 1910 is 56.4 per cent smaller than that showTi for 1900, and there was a decrease in this group in every geographic division except the Mountain division. This decrease, however, is with- out question due chiefly, if not wholly, to changes in the census definition of what constitutes a farm, and no conclusion of value can be drawn from the data. In both number and acreage, farms of the groups from 50 to 174 acres increased less rapidly between 1900 and 1910 than those of the groups from 3 to 49 acres or from 175 to 999 acres. Farms of 1,000 acres and over mcreased somewhat in number, but com- prised a smaller acreage in 1910 than in 1900. Con- sequently the percentages showing the distribution of the number and acreage of farms among size groups for 1910 differ somewhat from those for 1900. It may be noted that in a general way the changes dur- ing the past decade with reference to the relative im- portance of farms of the different size groups are con- tinuations of changes which have been going on at least since 1880 and possibly for a longer time. Number, acreage, and value of farms of the principal size groups, by divisions: 1910 and 1900. — Table 23, on the following page, presents statistics for each geo- graphic division, showing the number of farms, total and improved acreage, and value of land and build- ings for 1910 and 1900, respectively, by size groups, together with the percentage of the several totals represented in each size group. 304 ABSTRACT OF TRK CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. NUM15EII, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, WITH PERCENTAGES, BY DIVISIONS: 1910 AND 1900. Table Z'A NUMBER OF FARMS . ALL LAND IN FARMS ( ACRES ). 1 IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS ( ACRES ). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS . PER CENT OF TOTAL . DIVISION AND SIZK GROUP . 1910 1900 m 1910 l»0<) 1910 19(M) 1910 1900 Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Value of land and buildings. 1910 [ 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 UNITED STATES Total 6,361.502 5,737,372 878, 798, 325 838. 591,774 478,451,750 414,438,487 $34,801,125,697 $16,614,647,491 i ,100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 839, 16G i 673, 870 8,793,820 7,180,839 7.991,543 6,440,447 1,309.907.611 632,723,627 13.2 11,7 l.C 0.9 1.7 1.6 3.8 3.8 20 to 49 acres 1,414,376 ,1,257,496 45, 378, 449 41.536.128 36, 596, 032 33, 000. 734 2,485,471.11S 1,324,062,997 22.2 21,9 5.2 5.0 7.6 8.0 7.1 8.0 50 to 99 acres 1,438, 069 !l, 366, 038 103,120,868 98.591,699 71,155,246 67,344,759 5.029,510.723 2,824.081,603 22.6 23,8 11 7 11.8 14.9 16.2: 14.5 17.0 100 to 174 acres 1,516,286 1,422.262 205, 480. 585 192, 680, 321 128, 853, 538 118,390.708 9,405,391,855 4,712,920,050 ; 23. J 24.8 23.4 23.0 26.9 28.6 27.0 28.4 175 to 499 acres 978, 175 , 868, 020 265, 289, 069 232,954,515 161,775.502 135,530, 043 11,762,614,964 5,148,077.147 15.4 15.1 30.2 27.8 33.8 32.7 33.8 31.0 500 to 999 acres 125. 295 102, 526 83, 653, 487 67. 864, 116 40,817,118 29,474,642 2, 483, 160, 122 947,737,740 2.0 1.8 9.5 8.1 8.5 7.1 7.1 6.7 1,000 acres and over 50, 135 47, 160 167, 082, 047 197,784, 156 31, 262, '771 24,317,164 2,325,069,303 1,025,044,327 0.8 0.8 19.0 23.6 6.5 5.9 6.7 6.2 NEW ENCrL.\ND. Total 188,802 191,888 19,714,931 20,548,999 7,254,904 8,134,403 718,544,808 528,267,748 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres .•54,304 •28,018 .317,557 276,284 231,463 200, 479 93,749,802 57,980,200 18.2 14.6 1.6 1.3 3.2 2.5 13.0 11.0 20 to 49 acres 33,822 33,805 1,101,352 1,134,595 575,903 604,403 99,415,227 75,887,880 17.9 17.6 5.6 5.5 7.9 7.4 13.8 14.4 50 to 99 acres 45,932 49,389 3,210 561 3,460, 874 1,427,597 1,569,807 143,027,415 112,410,6:38 24.3 25.7 16.3 16.8 19.7 19.3 19.9 21.3 100 to 174 acres 44,019 48, 039 5,575,475 0,042,138 1 2,198,055 2,507,554 167,577,293 128,858, 450 23.3 25.0 28.3 29.4 30.3 30.8 23.3 24.4 175 to 499 acres 28,008 30,007 7,062,543 7,522,491 I 2,334,701 2,755,789 168,134,552 120,367,890 14.8 15.6 35.8 36.6 32.2 33.9 23.4 23.9 500 to 999 acres 2,139 2,133 1,324,559 1,288,248 31'2, 640 358,662 27,992,625 17.957,540 1.1 1. 1 6.7 6.3 4.3 4.4 3.9 3.4 1 ,000 acres and over 578 497 1,12'2,884 824,369 174,538 137,649 18,647,894 8,805, 150 0.3 0.3 5.7 4.0 2.4 1.7 2.6 1.7 MIDDLE .ATLANTIC. Total 468,379 485, 618 43,191,056 44,860,090 29,320,894 30,786,211 2,442,949,103 1,948,997,940 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 80,919 75,166 751,343 721,639 , 645,000 629, 450 235,705,545 161,690,010 17.3 15.5 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.0 9.G 8.3 20 to 49 acres 78,375 84,330 2,596,184 2,821,(»5 2,014, 730 2,225,595 287,713,829 226,543,290 16.7 17.4 6.0 6.3 6.9 7.2 11.8 11.6 50 to 99 acres 130,702 142,341 9,335,076 10,107,376 7,028,777 7,651,789 697,452, 188 494,483,240 27.9 29.3 21.6 22.5 24.0 24.9 '24.5 25.4 100 to 174acres 123, 756 129,501 15,710,409 16,457,261 11,230,267 11,835,314 757,538,229 624,647,040 26.4 26.7 36. 4 36.7 38.3 38.4 31.0 32.1 175 to 499 acres 52,310 51,815 12,531,376 12,362,281 7, 720, 162 7,779,729 487,133,975 388, 660, 190 11.2 10.7 29.0 27.6 26.3 25.3 19.9 19.9 500 to 999 acres 1,848 1,907 1,154,723 1,181,884 494,032 476,042 1 46,416,557 35, 403, 970 0.4 0.4 2.7 2,6 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.8 1 ,000 acres and over 469 559 1,111,945 1,207,994 187,920 188,292 30,988,780 17,570,200 0.1 0. 1 2.6 2.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.9 EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Total 1,123,489 1,135,823 117,929,148 116,340,761 88,947,228 86, 670, 271 8,873,991,594 4,912,597,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 108,283 100,071 1,002,397 968,368 893,205 864, 60(3 240, 935, 704 135,930, 180 9.6 8.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 2.7 2.8 20 to 49 acres 197,164 230,411 6, 907, 601 8,185,211 5,437,794 6,394,880 547,475,778 373,935,470 17.6 20.3 5.9 7.0 6.1 7.4 6.2 7.6 50 to 99 acres 340,94(> 350,291 25, 448, 406 26,211,781 19,692,117 19,964,780 1,776, 191,. 397 1,076,0()0, 430 30.3 30.8 21.6 22.5 22.1 23.0 20.0 21.9 100 to 174 acres 315,607 301,629 41,708,394 39,905,390 31,821,219 30,029, 805 3,040,388,836 1, (>54,447,810 1,. 509, 324, 270 28.1 20.6 35.4 34.3 35.8 34.6 34.3 33.7 175 to 499 acres 155,585 140,901 38,250,593 30,115,424 28,505,359 20,554,255 2,985,416, 067 13.8 12.9 32.4 31.0 32.0 30.6 33.6 30.7 500 to 999 acres 5,147 5,569 3,205,712 3,451,901 2,027,345 2, 195, 830 2'21,406,654 126,381,2-20 0.5 0.5 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 1 ,000 acres and over 763 951 1,406,04.5 1,502,680 570, 189 G6o, 995 62,176,558 36,518,060 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Total 1,109,948 1,060,744 232,648, 121 201, 008, 713 164,284,862 135,643,828 11,014,665,870 4,651,282,998 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 52,536 47,650 475,532 464,511 423,462 403,743 132,495,516 57,661,954 4.7 4.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 20 to 49 acres 91,971 110,718 3,206,053 13,808,123 3, 964, 477 2,500,290 3,047, 189 250, 463,450 146,534,830 8.3 10.4 1.4 2.0 1.5 2.2 2.2 3.2 50 to 99 acres 181,843 212,600 16,094,073 10,848,859 12,518,337 897,439,966 506,081,490 16.4 20.0 5.9 8.0 6.6 9.2 7.7 10.9 100 to 174 acres 368,669 354,794 53,137,842 51,223,754 39,724,322 38,160,400 3,121,921,008 1,370,979,308 33.2 33.4 22.8 25.5 24.2 28.1 26.9 29.5 175 to 499 acres 346, 875 288,187 99,858,046 81,982,257 76, 716,957 60,221,593 5,437,429,168 2,007,589,126 31.3 27.2 42.9 40,8 46.7 44.4 46. 8 43.2 500 to 999 acres 55,179 36, 186 37,138,135 24, 471,401 23,210,837 14, '258, 439 1,230,317,448 372,885,350 5.0 3.4 16.0 12.2 14.1 10.5 10.6 8.0 1 ,000 acres and over 12,875 10,609 25,024,390 22,808,240 10,860,435 7,028,127 544,599,254 189,550,940 1.2 1.0 10.8 11.3 6.6 5.2 4.7 4.1 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total 1,111,881 962,225 103,782,255 104,297,506 48, 479,733 46,100,226 2, 486, 430, 474 1,206,349,618 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 186,956 147,165 1,991,481 1,523,823 1,760,123 1,329,173 148,599,191 60,017,520 10.8 15.3 1.9 10. 6 1.5 3.6 2.9 6.0 5.0 20 to 49 acres 3.54,207 265, 623 11,035,210 8,509, 856 8,821,385 6,686,678 365,777,254 136,9'20,190 31.9 27.6 8.2 18.2 14.5 14.7 11.4 .50 to 99 acres 251,901 216,522 17,173,796 14,791,972 10,013,755 8,482,251 467,510,682 201,290,000 2-2.7 22.5 1 0. 5 14.2 20.7 18.4 18.8 16.7 100 to 174 acres 181,336 181,290 22,907,200 22,874,837 10,855,205 10,744,477 534,692,343 279,877,870 16.3 18.8 22.1 21.9 2->.4 ■23.3 21.5 23.2 175 to 499 acres 117,899 128,541 31,000,073 34,062,583 12,264,756 13,296,834 657,034,694 364,705,180 10. 6 13.4 29,9 32.7 25.3 ■28.8 20.4 30.2 500 to 999 acres 14,555 17,191 9, 454,383 11,082,044 2, 879,471 3,382,119 172,377,094 92,971,250 1.3 1.8 9.1 10.6 5.9 7.3 6.9 7. 7 1 ,000 acres and over 5,027 5,89,3 10, 220, 106 11,452,391 1,885,038 2, 178, 094 140,445,210 70,567,008 0.5 0.6 9.8 11.0 3.9 4.7 5.6 5.8 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 1,042,480 903,313 81,520,629 81,247,643 43,946,846 40,237,337 1,738,397,839 933,780,823 100.0 100.0,100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 211,614 153,359 •2,485,330 1,834,590 2, .'180, 281 1,715,807 122,796,696 51,232,040 20.3 17.0 3.0 2.3 5.4 4.3 7.1 5.5 20 to 49 acres 350, 250 280,010 10,670,111 8, 842,608 8,931,163 7,199,044 300,077,928 140,013, 630 33.6 31.0 13.1 10.9 20.3 17.9 17.3 15.0 50 to 99 acres 2'>5,976 204,914 15, 708, 129 14,273,248 9,740,827 8, 026, 698 341,585,076 171,108,660 21.7 ■22. 7 19.3 17.6 22.2 21.4 19.7 18.3 100 to 174 acres 157,414 159,531 20,216,555 20, 730, 779 10,281,319 9, 837,663 377,318,690 210,282,803 15.1 17.7 24.8 25.5 23.4 24.4 ■21.7 22.5 175 to 499 acres 86,297 92, 783 22,187,511 24,100,920 9,710,562 9,846,67.7 424,085,873 2.59,612,140 8.3 10.3 27.2 29.7 22.1 ■24.5 24.4 27.8 500 to 999 acres 8,396 9,777 5,421,938 6,173,881 1,800,6-28 1,042,066 1,941,233 1(K), 346,667 61,645,550 0.8 1. 1 6.7 7.6 4.2 4.8 5.8 6.6 ! ,000 acres and over 2, .527 2,939 4,831,055 5,291,017 1,070,215 71,586,903 .39,880,000 0.2 0.3 5.9 6. 5 2.4 2.7 4.1 4.3 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 943, 186 754,853 169,149,976 176, 491,202 58,264,-273 39,770,530 3,128,596,882 1,138,891,008 UX ).() 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 102,044 84,898 1,242,449 1,059,252 1,197,062 1,014,776 72,5.35,495 31,983,740 10.8 11.2 0.7 0. () 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.8 20 to 49 acres 251,444 218,481 8,037,214 6,983,734 6,966, 847 6,061,500 7,323,424 254,040,834 118,319,860 20.7 28.9 4.8 4.0 12.0 15.2 8.1 10.4 .50 to 99 acres 216, 860 161,011 15,2.30,102 11,. 549, 787 10, 409,053 439,.513,149 1.58, 489, 050 •23. 0 21.4 9.0 6.5 17.9 18.4 14.0 13.9 100 to 174 acres 222,794 178,015 30,702,647 24,869,710 16,991,457 11,200,820 785, 668, 072 250,220, 708 23.6 23.6 18,2 14.1 29.2 28.2 25. 1 22.0 175 to 499 acres 118,416 82, 662 31,958,649 22,180,227 14,780, 491 8, 243, 354 7:15,359,191 210,333,950 12.6 11.0 18.9 12.6 25.4 20.7 23.5 18.5 500 to 999 acres 18, 232 15,047 12,188,175 9,927,387 3,020,037 2, .324, 192 ‘229, 842, '248 75,937,700 1.9 2.0 7.2 h. () 6.2 5.8 7.3 6.7 1 ,000 acTes and over 13,396 14,139 69,790,740 99,915,105 4,-299,326 3, 602, 464 611,037,293 293,005,940 1.4 1.9 41.3 5(). 0 7.4 9.1 19.5 25.8 MOUNTAIN. Total 183, 440 101, 3^27 59,533,420 46,397,284 15,915,002 8,402,576 l,319,:i9(>,873 338,619,072 100.0 100.0 100.0 UM ).0 KM). 0 100.0 100.0,100.0 Under 20 acres •23, 426 10,366 180, 499 129, 663 162,718 109,7:11 54,910,190 15,071,078 12.8 10.2 0.:^ 0.3 1.0 1.3 4.2 4.5 20 to 49 acres 19,383 12,085 042,802 422,912 497,568 306, .586 87,. '155, 935 21,245,087 10.6 12.5 1. 1 0.9 3.1 u 6.6 6.3 .50 to 99 acres 19,330 11,243 1,434,802 841,675 937,086 511,707 115,9,54,389 2.5,:)22,34.5 10.5 11.1 2.4 1.8 5.9 0,1 8.8 7.5 100 to 174 acres 64,783 3,3,963 9,970,088 5,217,740 ;i, 495, 991 ‘2,014,774 '282,:i04,876 70,241,265 35.3 33.6 16.8 11.2 •22. 0 24.0 ■21.4 20.7 175 to 499 acres 41,676 17,553 12,933,225 5,4.33,180 4,682,626 2,218,693 339, 602,884 73, (>00, 113 22.7 17.3 21.7 11.7 •29. 4 26.4 25.7 21.7 .500 to 999 acres 8,483 4,932 5,910,054 3,539,084 2,0;i6,857 1,072,124 140,170, 8(')S 38, 692, 090 4.6 4.9 9.9 7.0 12.8 12.8 10. 0 II. 4 1 .(KM) acres and over 6, ,365 4, ,58.5 28, 4.55,350 30,812, 430 4, 102, 156 •2,108,961 •298,977,731 94, 447, 754 3.5 4.5 47.8 06. 4 •25.8 25.8 22.7 27.9 PACIFIC. Total 189,891 141,581 51,328, 789 47,:J99,576 22,038,008 18,753, 105[ 2,478,146,254 955,8C)0,184 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 39,084 21,178 347,232 202,709 298, 2-29 172,622 208,179, 472 61,1.50,965 • 20 . 6 15.0 0.7 0.4 1.4 0.9 8.4 6.4 ‘20 to 49 acres 37,754 21,433 1,181,922 671,080 850, 340 474,859 291,950,884 84, 662, 76(1 19.9 15.1 2.3 1.4 3.9 2. 5 11.8 8.9 50 to 99 acres 24, .585 17, 127 1,771,873 1,260,913 1,0.57, 475 695,906 •2,50,836,401 78,8:«, 1.50 12.9 12. 1 3.6 ■2.7 4.8 3.7 10.1 8.2 IfK) to 174 acres 37,908 35,500 5,645,%9 6,358,712 2,255,703 2,053,841 337,921,842 123, .364, 706 20.0 25.1 10.8 U.3 10.2 11. 0 13.6 I'i.O 175 to 499 acres 31,109 •29,571 9, .507, 053 9,189,152 6,0.59,881 4,613,119 .528,;i57,900 207,884,288 10.4 20.0 18.5 19.4 ■2,3.0 ■24. 6 ■21.3 21,7 .5(K) to 999 acres 11,. 316 9, 784 7,855,208 6,747,686 4,:i75,'271 3, 4I'>6,001 7, 276, 757 31 4, '289, 901 1'25,863,010 6.0 6.9 15. 3 14.2 19.9 18.5 12.7 13.2 1 ,(KK) acres and over 8, 1.35 6,988 2.5, 119,532 '23,969,;i24 8,141,103 .540, 609, 074 274,093,275 4.3 4.9 48.9 50.6 36.9 38. 8 ■22. 1 ■28.7 FAIiMS, (JLASSIFir:!) BY SIZF. 305 The three northeastern divisions of the country tlie New p]ngland Middle Atlantic, and P^ast North (Um- tral, show in general somewhat similar conditions with respect to the size of farms. In each the farms of 50 to 99 acres constituted in 1910 the most numerous group and those of 100 to 174 acres the next most numerous. The group comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres is first in importance as respects acreage in two of these divisions and second in the other. The West North Central division, which has been more recently settled, differs considerably from the other three northern divisions. In this division the most nu- merous group is that comprising farms of 100 to 174 acres and the most important group from the stand point of acreage is that comprising farms of 175 to 499 acres. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions conditions in regard to size of farms are ap- proximately alike. In each the small farms of 20 to 49 acres are the most numerous, but the farms of 175 to 499 acres contain a larger proportion of the total acreage than any other group. In the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, in wliich there are still many great stock ranches, the farms of 1 000 acres and over are the most important in acreage. In the West South Central di\dsion, however because of the presence of many small tenant farms in the cot- ton belt, the group comprising farms of 20 to 49 acres is more numerous than any other; in the Pacific divi- sion because of the many small fruit farms, the farms of less than 20 acres form the most numerous group; and in the Mountain division farms of 100 to 174 acres lead in number. Comparing the percentages for 1910 in this table witli those for 1900 it may be seen that the groups which stood first and second, respectively, in number and those which stood first and second in acreage were in almost every division the same at both censuses. Nevertheless there have been considerable changes in the relative importance of some of the groups. In all of the divisions except the West North Central the number of farms of 1 000 acres and over was either relatively less in 1910 than in 1900 or maintained the same proportion; and in all of the divisions except New England these large farms contained a smaller propor- tion of the total acreage of farm land at the later cen- sus than at the earlier. On the other hand, in all ex- cept the West South Central and Mountain divisions, farms of less than 20 acres constituted a larger propor- tion of the total number in 1910 than in 1900. and in all except the East and West North Central and Moun- tain divisions — in wliich the proportion was the same at both censuses — such farms contained a larger pro- portion of the acreage in the later year than in the earlier. Other changes were less nearly uniform among the divisions. In the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions the small farms of less than 20 acres were of relatively greater importance in number 72407 13 20 and acreage in 1910 than in 1900, on account of the continued breaking up of plantations into smaller farms, chiefly operated by tenant.-j. In the West South Central and Mountain divisions the breaking up of many ranches of 1 000 acres and over has been ac- companied by an increase in the n'lative importance, as measured by aiu-eage of all of the other size groups, and the same is true, for the most part, of the Pacific division. Table 24 shows, by divisions, the percentage of in- crease in number and acreage for farms of the size groups shown in the preceding table. Table 2-t PER CENT OF increase: • 1900 TO 1910 DrVTSION AND ITEM. All farms. Un- der 20 acres. 20 to 49 acres. 50 t o 99 acres. 100 to 174 acres. 175 to 499 acres. 500 to 999 acres. 1,000 acres and over. United States: Number of farms ie.9 24.5 12.5 5.3 8.6 12.7 22.2 6.3 Acreage of farm land... 4.8 22.5 9.3 4.8 6.6 13.9 23.3 -15.5 New England: Num^r of farms -1.6 99 i 0. 1 —7.0 —8.4 —6.7 0.3 16.3 Acreage of farm land -4.1 14.9 -2.9 -7.2 -7.7 -6. 1 2.8 36.2 Middle Atlantic: Number of farms -3.5 T7t -7.1 -8.2 -4.4 1.0 -3.1 -16.1 Aereage of farm land -3.7 4.1 -8.0 -7.6 —4. 5 1.4 -2.3 -8.0 East North Centr.al: Number of farms -1.1 8.2 -14.4 -2.7 4.6 5.9 -7.6 -19.8 Acreage of farm land 1.4 3.5 -15.6 -2.9 4.5 5.9 -7.1 6.4 West North Central: Number of farms 4.6 10.3 -16,9 -14.5 3.9 20.4 52.5 21.4 Acreage of farm land 15.7 2.4 -19.1 -14.2 3.7 21.8 51.8 9.7 South Atlantic: Number of farms 15.6 27.0 33.3 16.3 (9 -8.3 -15.3 -14.7 Acreage of farm land —0. 5 30.7 29.7 16. 1 0.1 -9.0 -14.7 -10.8 East South Central: Number of farms 15.4 38.0 25.1 10.3 -1.3 -7.0 -14. 1 -14.0 Acreage of farm land 0.3 35.5 20.7 10. 1 -2.5 -7.9 -12.2 -8.7 West South Central: Number of farms. 24.9 20.2 15.1 34.2 25.2 43.3 21.2 -5.3 Acreage of farm land -4.2 17.3 15.1 31.9 23.5 44.0 22.8 -.30.1 Mountain: Number of farms 81.0 43.1 52.8 71.9 90.7 137.4 72.0 38.8 Aereage of farm land 28.3 39.2 52.0 70.5 91.2 138.0 67.0 -7.6 Pacific: Number of farms 34. 1 84.6 76.1 43.5 6.8 5.2 15.7 16.4 Acreage of farm land 8.3, 71.3 76. 1 40.5 3.5 3.5 16.4 4.8 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 25, on the following page, shows, by geograpliic divisions, the percentage which improved land forms of all farm land in each size group, and the average value of land and buildings per farm and per acre. As might be expected, small farms have, in general, a higher percentage of improved land than large farms. In the United States as a whole, in 1910, 90.9 per cent of the acreage of the farms under 20 acres in size con- sisted of improved land, while only 18.7 per cent of the acreage of farms of 1 ,000 acres and over was improved. The differences among the several size groups with reference to tlie proportion of farm land improved naturally tend to bring about corresponding differences in the average value of all farm land per acre. More- over, the largest farms are commonly in sections of the country not easily accessible to markets, where land values are relatively low. Furthermore, on the smaller farms buildings are in most cases of relatively greater importance than on the larger farms. Conse- quently it is not surprising that in the United States as a whole the average value of land and buildings per 306 ABSTRA(rr OF THE CENSUS-AGRICULTURE acre in farms ranged in 1910 from $148.90 for farms of less than 20 acres to $13.92 for farms of 1,000 acres and over, and that the average value per acre decreases uniformly as the size of the farms increases. Table 25 DIVISION AND .SIZE GROUP. UNITED STATES Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over NEW ENGLAND. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over MIDDLE ATLANTIC. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres ,500 to 999 acres; 1,000 acres and over EAST NORTH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 a’cres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over WEST NORTH CENTRAL. Total Under 20 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1 ,000 acres and over PER CENT OF FARM LAND AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. PER CENT OF FARM LAND IMPROVED. Per fann. Per acre. DIVISION AND SIZE GROUP. IMPROVED. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 54.4 49.4 35.471 $2, 896 $39. 60 $19. 81 SOUTH ATLANTIC. Total 46.7 44.2 90.9 89.7 1,561 939 148. 96 88. 11 Under 20 acres 88.4 87.2 80.6 79.4 1,757 1,053 54.77 31.88 20 to 49 acres 79.9 78.6 69.0 68.3 3,497 2,067 48.77 28. 64 50 to 99 acres 58.3 57.3 62.7 61.4 6,203 3,314 45.77 24. 46 100 to 174 acres 47.4 47.0 61.0 58.2 12,025 5,931 44.34 22. 10 175 to 499 acres 39.6 39.0 48.8 43.4 19,819 9,244 29.68 13.97 500 to 999 acres 30.5 30.5 18.7 12.3 46,376 21,735 13.92 5.18 1,000 acres and over 18.4 19.0 .36.8 39.6 3,806 2,753 36.45 25.71 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 53.9 49.5 72.9 72.6 2,733 2,069 295. 22 209. 86 Under 20 acres 95.8 93.5 52.3 53.3 2,939 2,245 90.27 66.89 20 to 49 acres 83.7 81.4 44.5 45. 4 3,114 2,276 44.55 32. 48 50 to 99 acres 62.0 60.4 39.4 41.5 3,.';'"7 2,682 30.06 21.33 100 to 174 acres 50.9 47.5 33.1 36.6 6,003 4,211 23. 81 16. 80 175 to 499 acres 43.8 40.9 23.6 27.-S 13,087 8,419 21.13 13.94 500 to 999 acres 34.3 31.4 15.5 16.7 32,263 17,717 16.61 10.68 1,000 acres and over 21.6 20.2 67.9 68.6 5,216 4,013 56.56 43.45 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. Total 34.4 22.5 85.8 87.2 2,913 2,151 313.71 224.06 Under 20 acres 96.3 95.8 77.6 78.9 3,671 2,686 110.82 80. 29 20 to 49 acres 86.7 86.8 75.3 75.7 4,571 3,474 64.00 48.92 50 to 99 acres 68.3 63.4 71.5 71.9 6,121 4,823 48.22 37.96 100 to 174 acres 55.3 45.0 61.6 62.9 9,312 7,501 38.87 31.44 175 to 499 acres 46.2 37.2 42.8 40.3 25,117 18, 565 40.20 29.96 500 to 999 acres 29.7 23.4 16.9 15.6 66, 074 31,431 27.87 14.54 1,000 acres and over 6.2 3.6 75.4 74.5 7,899 4,325 75.25 42.23 MOUNTAIN. Total 26.7 18.1 89.1 89.3 2,225 1,358 240.36 140.37 Under 20 acres 90.2 84.6 78.7 78.1 2,777 1,623 79. 26 45.68 20 to 49 acres 77.4 72.5 77.4 76.2 5,210 3,072 69.80 41.05 50 to 99 acres 65.3 60.8 76.3 75.2 9,633 5,485 72. 90 41.46 100 to 174 acres 35.0 38.6 74.5 73.5 19, 188 10,274 78.05 41.79 175 to 499 acres 36,2 40.8 63.2 63.6 43,017 22, 694 69.07 36. 61 500 to 999 acres 34.5 30.3 40.6 44.3 81,490 38, 400 44.22 24.30 1,000 acres and over 14.4 7.0 70.6 67.5 10,464 4,385 49.92 23.14 PACIFIC. Total 42.9 39.6 89.1 86.9 2,522 1,210 278.63 124. 13 Under 20 acres 85.9 85.2 78.0 76.9 2,723 1,323 78. 12 36. 96 20 to 49 acres 72.0 70.8 78.6 77.8 4,935 2,380 64.99 31.45 50 to 99 acres 59.7 55.2 74.8 74.5 8,468 3,864 58. 75 26. 76 100 to 174 acres 40.7 38.3 76.8 73.5 15,675 6,966 54.45 24.49 175 to 499 acres 53.2 50.2 62.5 58.3 22,297 10,305 33.13 15.24 500 to 999 acres 55.7 51.4 43.4 30.8 42,299 17,867 21.76 8.31 1,000 acres and over 32.4 30.4 AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND AND BUaDINGS. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 $2,236 31,254 $23. 96 $11.57 795 408 74.62 39.39 1,033 515 33. 15 16.09 1,856 930 27.22 13.61 2,949 1,544 23.34 12.24 5,573 2, 837 21.19 10. 71 11,843 5,408 18.23 8.39 27,938 11,975 13.74 6. 16 ],668 1,034 21.32 11.49 580 334 49.41 27.93 858 .500 28. 18 15.83 1,512 835 21.75 11.99 2,397 1,318 18.66 10. 14 4,914 2,798 19.11 10.77 11,952 6,305 18.51 9.98 28,329 13,571 14.82 7.54 3,317 1,509 18.50 6.45 711 377 58.38 30. 19 1,013 542 31.68 16.94 2,027 981 28.86 13.72 3,526 1,406 25.59 10.06 6,210 2,545 23.01 9.48 12,607 5,046 18.86 7.65 45,613 20,766 8.76 2.94 7,192 3,342 22.16 7.30 2,344 921 304.21 116.23 4,507 1,675 135.90 50.24 5,999 2,252 80.82 30.09 4,359 2,068 28.30 13.46 8,150 4,193 26.26 13.55 16,524 7,845 23.71 10.93 46, 972 20,599 10.51 3.07 13,050 6,751 48.28 20.17 5,326 2,888 599.54 301.70 7,733 3,950 247.01 126. 16 10, 203 4,603 141. 57 62.52 8,914 3,475 60. 93 23.02 16,984 7,030 55.58 22.62 27,774 12,864 40.01 18.65 67,192 39, 223 21.76 11.44 Size groups, by states: 1910 and 1900. — ^Table 26 shows, by geograpliic divisions, for each state, the number and acreage of farms in the several size groups in 1910 and 1900, respectively. NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMPROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, BY STATES; 1910 AND 1900. Table 26 STATE AND SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. STATE AND SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 New Ensland MAINE. Total 00,01G 7,113 59,299 5,307 9,267 18,644 17,191 8,260 516 6,296,859 67,517 314,397 1,246,571 2,078,196 2,041,995 284,828 6,299,940 50,657 317,627 1,297,754 2,127,393 2,009,634 306, 709 2,360,657 49,008 154,846 553,516 838,328 678,640 61,914 $159,019,626 11,570, 427 15,302,117 36,562,364 50,555,750 39, 190, 736 4,161,055 New England— C gh. MASSACHUSETTS. 3(5,917 37,715 2,875,941 96,041 287,509 554, 6M 721,710 3,147,004 84,038 290,522 618,783 825,328 997,933 210,173 1,164,501 69,869 150,902 252,447 290,707 278,531 47,817 $194, 168, 765 39,272,556 36,665, 199 40,939,114 34,863,149 32,098,128 6,375,095 10 ; 600 8,890 7,981 5,703 8;889 8,875 8,910 6,660 3,967 339 9 ; 492 17,895 16,033 8,293 461 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 175 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 3 ; 325 319 840; 139 197,218 1,000 acres and over. . 129 114 263,355 184,172 24,405 2,277,177 1,000 acresaiid over. . 93 75 178,625 120, 287 68,228 3,955,524 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 27,053 4,595 4,509 29,324 3,249,458 42,565 146,013 3,009,864 40,273 163,0.50 929,185 85,916,0(>1 8,104,281 RHODE ISLAND. 5,292 1,377 5, 498 443,308 12,387 30,603 455,(502 11,378 178,344 9,873 22,097 27,932,860 5,169, 439 3 ; 999 4,765 30 ; 314 68,0.56 lj412 20 to 49 acres 9,187,907 20 to 49 acres i;i44 1,109 38; 550 5 ; 309 ; 083 6,248 6,247 4,774 7,123 7,430 5,333 4.34,835 787,462 l,221,Wi9 503,049 935,586 1,369,401 104,514 2,55,561 314, 777 14,413,621 19,065,747 24,369,313 1,2G4 1,256 87, 794 117,094 121,822 87,093 130,689 136,387 41,493 6,140,026 4, 789, 185 5,0.56,297 100 to 174 acres '945 i;049 550 47 ; 500 42,914 175 to 499 acres 175 to 499 acre.s 487 513 510 322,657 294,357 308,700 289, 739 .58,667 37,296 6,197,460 4, .577, 006 61 45 30,875 36,733 28,610 22,895 10,577 3,890 1,101,300 1,000 acre.s and over. . 167 164 1 ,000 acre.s and over . . 24 17 '360;930 VERMONT. 32, 709 33,104 4,60.3,577 40,2.50 112, 129 •1,724,440 1,033,965 29,952 68,062 182,638 112,588, 275 7,692,142 7,638,2,30 13,057,080 CONNECTICUT. Total 26,815 6,035 0,306 6,634 26,948 5,126 2,185,788 58,797 204, 701 2,312,083 51,662 988,252 42,447 138,319,221 21,940,957 41578 3,285 3,511 6,513 32,276 120, 740 468, 227 3l481 6;218 6,943 204^106 115 ; 940 25,912,631 31,914,010 .50 to 99 acres 6;910 424 ; 012 50 to 99 acres 462,650 485; 968 232 ; 989 9,492 8,516 607 10,215 8,943 rm 1,238, 117 1,. 328, 006 2,280,010 .322,903 480, 120 29, 2,53, 559 43,794,392 100 to 174 acres 4,099 5,494 632,890 649,805 117,2,32 (')95,07C 729, 126 286,839 261,958 29, 049, WO 23,6Z5,6,S6 4,042, 7,53 2 ; 187; 1 13 371,849 757 ; 888 95, 940 2,613 188 2 ; 9.54 187 .500 to 999 acres 6,114,9.50 500 to W9 acres lli;087 37,725 1 ,000 acres and over . . 125 101 290,107 172, 218 29,365 .5,037,316 1,000 acres and over . . 40 20 59,707 35,058 11,354 1,833,281 FARMS, ('l.ASSIFIED BY SIZE. 307 NUMBER, TOTAL AND IMI’ROVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CT.ASSIFTED BY SIZE, BY STATES: I!)l() AND 1900— (’onUiiued. Table Contd ST.ME AND SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OK F\RMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1910 Middle Atlantic NEW YORK. Total 215,597 226, 720 22,030,367 22,648,109 14,844,039 $1,184,745,829 Under 20 acres 34, 18i 32, 542 307,362 307,521 207,909 108,633,214 20 to 49 ac res 31,047 35,123 1,028,991 1,180,411 801,480 129,618,019 50 to 99 acres 56, 821 6:1, 789 4,068,580 4,551,108 3,053,725 264,212,934 100 to 174 acres 61,031 63,846 7,804,307 8,157,512 5,540,335 360,162,667 175 to 499 acres 31,165 30,063 7,550,324 7,243,784 4,746,402 277,308,685 500 to 999 acres 1,10^ 1,109 685,906 690,692 316,532 27, 143, 232 1 ,000 acres and over . . 243 248 584,897 517,081 117,656 17,667,078 NEW JERSEY. Total 33,487 34,650 2,573,857 2,840,966 1,803,336 217,134,519 Under 20 acres 8,073 7,585 77,541 74,332 64,420 31,003,585 20 to 49 acres 7,607 7,632 243,806 249,077 187,500 33, 700, 754 50 to 99 acres 8,194 8,882 585,063 638, 281 458,015 51,375,789 100 to 174 acres 7, 207 7,855 911,564 991,720 698, 575 59,041,617 175 to 499 acres 2,235 2,513 524,918 590,453 337,874 31,466,639 500 to 999 acres 112 no 70,426 67,963 30,988 5,129,585 1 ,000 acres and over . . 59 73 160,539 229, 140 25,964 5,416,550 PENNSYLVANIA. Total 219,295 224,248 18,586,832 19,371,015 12,073,519 1,041,068,755 Under 20 acres 38,658 35,038 366,440 339,786 312,671 96,068,746 20 to 49 acres 39, 721 41,575 1,323,387 1,392,167 1,025,756 124,395,056 65,687 69, 670 4, 681,433 4,917,987 3,517,037 281,863,465 100 to 174 acres 55; 518 57)800 6) 994, 538 7; 308) 029 4)991)357 338)333)945 175 to 499 acres 18,912 19,239 4,456, 134 4,528,044 2,635,886 178,358,651 500 to 999 acres 632 688 398,391 423,229 146,512 14,143,740 1,000 acres and over. . 167 238 366,509 461, 773 44,300 7,905,152 EastNorth Central OHIO. Total 272,045 276, 719 24,105,708 24,501,985 19,227,969 1,654,152,406 Under 20 acres 38,913 35,462 363,977 340,431 327, 189 81,009,747 20 to 49 acres 50,331 57,566 1,719,606 1,972,566 1,441,294 149,415,179 50 to 99 acres 88,047 89,774 6,444,930 6,636,508 5,288,437 454,592, 415 100 to 174 acres 68,746 67,258 8,850,408 8,663,663 7,053, 181 569,462,824 175 to 499 acres 25,113 25,579 6,020,360 6,050,168 4,041,288 360,285,828 500 to 999 acres 783 916 488,963 574,368 355,502 29,425,733 1,000 acres and over. . 112 164 217,458 264,281 121,078 9,960,680 INDIANA. Total 215,485 221,897 21,299,823 21,619,623 16,931,252 1,594,275,596 Under 20 acres 23,644 21,976 221,480 218, 458 196,615 43,197,215 20 to 49 acres 40,161 47,009 1,384,816 1,650, 252 1,155,565 111,641,607 50 to 99 acres 67,221 71,055 4,977,801 5,251,514 4,097,432 371,629,800 100 to 174 acres 57, 261 55,060 7,485,481 7,200,079 6,996,101 549,502,724 175 to 499 acres 26,107 25,479 6,400,036 6,267,774 4,923,766 465,787,540 500 to 999 acres 949 1,094 591,015 691,425 418,564 40,161,060 1 ,000 acres and over . . 142 224 239, 194 340,121 143,209 12,355,650 ILLINOIS. Total 251,872 264,151 32,522,937 32, 794, 728 28,048,323 3,522,792,570 Under 20 acres 20,294 19,635 186,520 194,355 169,516 59,074)577 50 to 49 acres 33,322 41,160 1,129,398 1,431,732 973,339 111,860,899 50 to 99 acres 57,917 65,851 4,337,599 4,979,857 3,795,685 405,785,654 100 to 174 acres 80,539 81,338 10,964,517 11, 065, .345 9,672,197 1,174,168,111 175 to 499 acres 57, 755 53,'834 14,446,916 13,481,125 12,384,215 1,627,581,457 500 to 999 acres 1,842 2,051 1,135,951 1,258,084 849,906 116,284,511 1 ,000 acres and over . . 203^ 282 322,036 384,230 203,465 28,037,361 MICHIGAN. Total 206,960 203,261 18,940,614 17,561,698 12,832,078 901,138,299 Under 20 acres 14, 785 13, 470 137,131 130,371 121,750 28,255,364 20 to 49 acres 49,890 59, 197 1,814,802 2,183,332 1,351,445 106,804,968 50 to 99 acres 7.3,748 71,021 5,537,099 5,305,994 3,998,814 271,485,989 100 to 174 acres 50,622 43,741 6,591,001 5,692, 182 4,539,148 301,276,358 175 to 499 acres 17, 143 15,179 4,125,482 3,675,739 2,602,019 174,584,535 500 to 999 acres 607 517 391,180 324,843 159, 477 13,040,547 1,000 acres and over . 165 136 343,917 249,237 59, 42.5 5,690,538 WISCONSIN. Total 177,127 169, 795 21,060,066 19,862, 727 11,907,606 1,201,632, 723 Under 20 acres 10,647 9,528 93,289 84,753 78, 135 29,398,801 20 to 49 acres 23,460 25,479 858,979 947,329 516, 151 67,753,125 50 to 99 acres 54,007 52,590 4,150,977 4,037,908 2,511,749 272,697,539 100 to 174 acres 58,439 54,232 7,816,985 7,284,121 4,560,592 445,978,819 175 to 499 acres 29,467 26,830 7,257,793 6,640,618 3,954,071 357,177,307 500 to 999 acres 966 991 598,603 603,181 243, 896 22,494,803 1,000 acres and over. . 141 145 283,440 264,817 43,012 6,132,329 West N orth Central MINNESOTA. Total 156,137 154,659 27,675,823 26,248,498 19,643,533 1,262,441,426 Under 20 acres 5,619 4,803 49,878 43,331 39,373 14,224,838 20 to 49 acres 12,028 13, 278 435,963 494,528 241, 221 28,966, 718 50 to 99 acres 26,571 30,990 2,055,944 2,316,708 1,258,358 106,823,204 100 to 174 acres 55,424 56,785 8,031,778 8,508,727 5,245,521 355,727,207 175 to 499 acres 52,836 45,473 14,515,821 12,375,525 10,910,810 653,616, 7(* 500 to 999 acres 3,359 2,965 2,118,081 1,871,977 1,617,491 85,672,938 1,000 acres and over. . 300 365 468,358 637,702 327, 759 17,409,755 IOWA. Total 217,044 228,622 33,930,688 34,574,337 29,491,199 3, 257,379,400 Under 20 acres 13,724 11,648 117,965 109, 927 102,881 39,306,861 20 to 49 acres 15, 678 21, 475 537,644 765,266 450, 517, 63,692,308 SO to 99 acres 38, 712 49,665 2,980, 189 3,828,843 2,619,874 295,461,882 100 to 174 acres 80,121 79,923 11,243,738 11,197,376 10,009,429 1,096,625,573 175 to 499 acres 66, 165 62,753 17,206,099 16,361,478 14,875,500 1,614, 102,750 500 to 999 acres 2,430 2,818 1,513,469 1,764,029 1,203,407 122, 994, .559 1,000 acres and over. . 214 340 331, 584 547, 418 229,591: 25, 195, 467 MISSOURI. ! Total 277,244 284,886 34,591,248 33,997,873 24,581, 186 1,716,204.386 Under 20 acres 19, 756 19,088 192, 760 198, 193 176, 479, 42,818, 101 20 to 49 acres 47,398 56,931 1,657,429 2,028,673 1,312,077: 101, 486, . 5:54 50 to 99 acres 74, 178 78,933 5,524,548 5,885,823 4, 184, 784 276,273,994 100 to 174 acres 80,020 78,041 10,701,983 10, 573,397 7, 666, 746 503.288,840 175 to 499 acres 51,921 47, 131 13,374,223 12, 149, 760 9,356,608 649, 467, 153 500 to 999 acres 3,427 3,268 2, 180, 501 2,090,466 1,412,313: 105, 685, 100 1,000 acres and over . 544 594 959,804 1,071,561 472,179 37, 184, 664 STATF. AND SIZK GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACRKAGK OF FARMS. VALUE «F LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 19(N) 1910 1900 1910 191(1 West N. Central — Continued. NORTH DAKOTA. Tot.al 74,360 45,332 28,426,650 15, 542, 640 20,4.5.5,092 $822, 656, 744 Under 20 acres 229 791 1,601 7,711 1,224 364, 599 20 to 49 acres 450 555 16,687 18,063 10,718 739,95:1 50 to 99 acres 1,207 716 94, 199 59,040 53,653 2,539,341 100 to 174 acres 23,003 18, 471 3, 640, oo; 2, 945, 787 2,124,647 8.3,425,:i52 175 to 499 acres 34,393 18,339 12,000,916 6,403,548 9,063,590 354,271,009 500 to 999 acres 12,662 5,114 8,783,550 3,561,491 6,675,379 271,500,607 1,000 acres and over. 2,416 1,346 3,889,694 2,547,000 2,525,881 109,815,883 SOUTH DAKOTA. Total 77,644 52,622 26,016,892 19,070,616 15,827,208 1,005,080,807 Under 20 acres 80t 807 6, 612 5,080 5,685 1,868; 680 20 to 49 acres 1, 121 967 39, 475 36, .346 30,001 3,061,278 50 to 99 acres 2,406 2,214 183,202 168,923 134, 340 10,407,857 100 to 174 acres 28,396 16, 144 4, 458,036 2,382,021 2, 113,308 149,337,025 175 to 499 acres 33,041 23,375 10,819,704 8,019,437 8,064,822 504,518,418 500 to 999 acres 9,698 7,074 6,583, 127 .5,005,021 3,886,801 239,012,732 1,000 acres and over. . 2,174 2,041 3,926,736 3, 453, 788 1, 592, 251 96,874,817 NEBRASKA. Total 129,678 121,525 38,622,021 29,911,779 24,382,577 1,813,346,935 Under 20 acres 4,358 3,507 37, 15C 31,203 34,074 14,379,350 20 to 49 acres 4,558 5,243 152,474 184, 424 134, 271 19,378,544 50 to 99 acres 12, 618 17,979 971,897 1,367,012 879,406 88,286,663 100 to 174 acres 43,916 46,109 6,543,421 6,978, 190 5,675,821 507,591,497 175 to 499 acres 47,233 40,271 13,923,207 11,865,326 10,633,939 878,937,406 500 to 999 acres 13, 128 6,052 8,837,526 4, 150,909 3,888,358 185,509,755 1,000 acres and over.. 3,867 2,364 8, 156,338 5,334,715 3, 136, 708 119,263, 720 KANSAS. Total 177,841 173,098 43,384,791 41,662 J70 29,904,067 1,737,556,172 Under 20 acres 8,042 7,006 69,566 69,066 63,746 19,533,087 20 to 49 acres 10,738 12,269 366,381 437, 177 318,485 33, 138,415 50 to 99 acres 26, 151 32,103 1,998, 144 2,467,724 1, 718, 144 117,647,025 100 to 174 acres 57, 789 58, 421 8,518,875 8,638,256 6,888,850 425,925,574 175 to 499 acres 61,286 50,845 18,018,076 14,807, 183 13,811,688 782,515,666 500 to 999 acres 10, 475 8,895 7,121,881 6,027,508 4,527,088 219,941,757 1.000 acres and over. . 3,360 3,559 7,291,876 9,216, 056 2,576,066 138,854,948 South Atlantic DELAWARE. Total 10,836 9, 687 1,038,866 1,066,228 713,538 53, 155,983 Under 20 acres 1,535 877 15,185 9,580 13,404 3,913,303 20 to 49 acres 1,988 1,568 66, 119 52, 439 52,746 5, .559, 301 50 to 99 acres 2,977 2, 610 211,100 186,885 154,027 10,989,516 100 to 174 acres 2,849 2,923 ■ 359,476 370,605 249,355 15,699,291 175 to 499 acres 1,429 1,633 345, 465 396,319 226,100 15,893,322 500 to 999 acres 52 71 32,210 42,682 14,083 1,033,950 1,000 acres and over. . 6 5 9,311 7, 718 3,823 47,300 MARYLAND. Total 48, 923 46,012 5,057, 140 5, 170, 075 3,354,767 241, 737, 123 Under 20 acres 10, 232 8, 150 97,263 82, 774 80,696 17,813,279 20 to 49 acres 8,629 7,683 278, 402 254,342 209,115 22, 791,832 50 to 99 acres 9,946 9,307 700,098 658,833 497,340 36,304,852 100 to 174 acres 11,457 11,543 1, 486, 215 1, 494, 118 1,049,206 6,3,818,929 175 to 499 acres 8,070 8,659 2,065,882 2,206,470 1,329,921 87, 550,094 500 to 999 acres 506 591 312, 911 354,853 151,285 10,724,022 1,000 acres and over. . 83 79 126,369 118,685 37,204 2, 734, 115 DIST. OFCOLUMBU. Total 217 269 6,063 8,489 5, 133 8,231,343 Under 20 acres 122 154 1,039 1,463 1,001 3,723,300 20 to 49 acres 65 71 1,878 2,107 1,650 2,034,300 50 to 99 acres 17 31 1,114 2,205 812 987,000 100 to 174 acres 10 9 1,115 1,037 813 936, 743 175 to 499 acres 3 2 917 375 857 550,000 2 1,302 VIRGINIA. Total 184,018 167,886 19,495,636 19,907,883 9,870,058 632,058,062 Under 20 acres 39,746 32,903 397,425 324, 257 321,370 31,523,270 20 to 49 acres 42,390 35,644 1,332,113 1,125,988 894, 682 49, 994,079 50 to 99 acres 38,342 33,948 2,648, 520 2,376,444 1, 495, 798 77,362,360 100 to 174 acres 32,997 32,466 4, 191,039 4, 102,998 2,194,055 108,368,330 175 to 499 acres 26, 101 27,725 6, 937, 154 7,425, 185 3, .382, 003 170,377,481 500 to 999 acres 3,450 4,100 2,216, 101 2, 616, 281 973,036 53,041,674 1 ,000 acres and over . . 992 1,100 1, 773, 284 1, 936, 750 609,115 41,390,868 WEST VIRGINU. Total 96,685 92,874 10,026, 442 10,6.54,513 5,521,757 264, .390, 954 Under 20 acres 15,399 13,081 149,047 12<»,864! 128,207 12,055,803 20 to 49 acres 20,323 19,306 676, 989 645,963 456, 945 22,929,321 50 to 99 acres 26,806 25,529 1,875,754 1,765,028 1, 155, 188 49,093,413 100 to 174 acres 20, 156 20, 164 2,5.57,005 2,544,791 1,509, 134 64,873,363 175 to 499 acres 12,248 12,669 3,179,329 3,312,251 1,695,072 80,792,505 500 to 999 acres 1,316 1,511 849, 970 977, 2,T5 366,356 19,609.782 1 ,000 acres and over . . 437 614 738,348 1,279,381 210,855 15, 0.36.707 NORTH CAROLINA. Total 253, 725 224,637 22, 439, 129 22,749,356 8,81.3,056 456, 624,607 Under 20 acres 43,224 33, 184 485, .387 357,540 427, 423 24,749,610 20 to 49 acres 75,629 59, 913| 2, 326,984 1,880,512 1, 705, 751 72,871,655 50 to 99 acres 62, 157 55,028 4, 253, 522 3, 742, 478 2,086,897 101,807, 106 100 to 174 acres 43,987 44,052' 5,532,657 5,514,229 2,098,630 107,303,214 175 to 499 acres 25,254 28,236| 6,504,207 7,363,558 1, 906, 623 107,251,793 500 to 999 acres 2,669 3,275 1, 724, 796 2,098,813 36.3,077 24,677,277 1 ,000 acres and over . . 805 949 1,611,576 1,792,226 222, 655 17,963,952 SOUTH CAROLINA. 1 1 Total i 176, 434 155, 355 13, .512, 028 13,985,014 6,097,999 332,888,081 Under 20 acres ! 37,985 33,096 412,235 333,961 391,563 19,781,861 20 to 49 acres 70, 582 54,384 2,072,476 1,660,059 1, 791, 196 71,354,028 50 to 99 acres 33, 147: 29,944 2, 205, 541 2,005,919 1,293,355 68,415,043 100 to 174 acres 19,427, 20,532 2,433,404 2,576,058 1,005,949 60,528, 192 175 to 499 acres 12, .539 14, 075; 3,349,902 3,791,972 1,046,858 69,9.33,577 500 to 999 acres 1,942 2,314 1,277,578 1,508,769 306,337 22,659,523 1 ,000 acres and over . . 812 1,010' 1, 760, 892 2,108,276 262, 741 20,215,867 308 * ABSTRA(Tr OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. NUMHEil. TOTAI. AND IMPllOVED ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY SIZE, BY STATES: 1910 AND 1900 — Continued. Tublo^G— Gontd. STATE AND SIZE QROUI*. NUMBER OF FARMS. ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED ACREAGE OF FARMS. VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 IIMIU 1910 1910 South Atlantic — Continued. GEORGIA. Total 2<,)1,()27 224,691 20, 953, 413 26,392,057 12,298,017 $479,204,332 Under 20 acres 29,020 19,356 348, 103 22:5, 685 327,212 19,929,323 20 to 49 acres 117,4:12 73,408 3, 709, 289 2, 421,:i84 3,318,1)67 96,117,977 TjO to 99 acres (W, 510 52,251 4, 553,582 3,472, 677 2, 968, 547 102,927,993 1(H) to 174aorp,s 42, 275 41,661 5, 223, 132 5, 1,50, 210 2,367,863 92,772,819 175 to 499 acres 27,710 31,4:59 7,412,596 2,604,839 8,469, 107 2, 288, 329 102,831,020 5 1 1910 1910 United States lOO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Ne« England 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.4 3.4 1.9 Middle Atlantic 4.i) 5.4 0.1 7.4 7.1 8.0 (i.y 7.9 11.5 11.2 East North Central 13.4 13.9 18.0 20.9 19.8 19.7 19.7 19.5 25.3 17.4 West North Central 2().5 24.0 34.3 32.7 31.5 31.0 31.6 31.8 28.6 16.7 South Atlantic 11.8 12.4 10.1 U. 1 7.4 6.3 7.4 6.2 8.8 15.2 East South Central 9.3 9.7 9.2 9.7 7.5 6.9 .7.5 0.8 7.7 10.8 Wp.st South Central 19.3 21.1 12.2 9.6 12.0 13.1 12. 1 13.2 7.7 9.0 Mountain (>.8 5.5 3.3 2.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 3.0 7.6 Pacific 5.8 5.7 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.8 4.0 4.1 9.7 The North 47.1 45. fi 60.6 63.0 60.4 61.7 60.2 61.6 68.7 47.2 The South 40.3 43.2 31.5 30.4 20.9 26.4 27.0 20.3 24.2 35. 6 The West 12. (i 11.2 7.9 6.0 12.7 11.9 12.9 12.1 7.1 17.3 East of the Mississippi . . 41.7 4.3.8 45.0 51.1 43.8 43.3 43.4 42.8 56.6 56.4 West of the Mississippi.. 58.3 50.2 54. 4 48. 9| 50.2 56.7 56. 6 57.2 43.4 43.0 Inasmuch as in each division the value of domestic animals constitutes the greater part of the value of all live stock, its distribution naturally corresponds closely to that of the total. The distribution of the The following table shows the average value of live stock per farm and per acre of land in farms: 'I'ablo division. AVERAGE size OP FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LIVE STOCK PER FARM. VALUE OF LTTE STOCK PER ACRE OF FARM LAND. 1910 IIMM) 1910 1900 1910 1900 TTnlted States 138.1 146.2 $774 $536 $5.60 $3. 67 New England 104.4 107. 1 519 390 4.97 3. 04 Middle Atlantic 92.2 92.4 745 506 8.08 5.48 East North Central 105.0 102.4 809 532 8.28 5.20 West North Central 209.6 189.5 1,398 917 6.67 4.84 South Atlantic 93.3 108.4 330 202 3.53 1.80 East South Central 78.2 89.9 354 236 4.53 2.63 West South Central 179.3 233.8 625 534 3.49 2.28 Mountain 324.5 457.9 2,119 2,406 6.53 5.26 Pacific 270.3 334. 8 1,242 871 4.00 2.60 The average value of live stock per farm for the United States as a whole was $774 in 1910. The average per farm was highest in the Mountain, West North Central, and Pacific divisions, which are also divisions in which the average size of farms con- siderably exceeds the average for the United States. In all but one division the average value of live stock per farm was greater in 1910 than in 1900. Largely because of the great decrease in the average size of farms in the Mountain division, however, the average value per farm in that division decreased. The value of live stock per acre of farm land in the value of poultry is somewhat different and that of the value of bees decidedly different. The five divisions east of the Mississippi River each reported in 1910 a much larger proportion of the value of the poultry on farms than they did of the value of domestic animals on farms, while the opposite is true of the four divi- sions west of the Mississippi. United States as reported in 1910 was $5.60. The highest average per acre was in the East North Central division, and the next highest in the Middle Atlantic division. In the three southern divisions the value of live stock per acre is comparatively low'. Betw'een 1900 and 1910 the value of live stock per acre increased materially in each geographic division. DOMESTIC ANIMALS ON FAEMS. In comparing the aggregate number and value of the i several classes of domestic animals as reported at the censuses of 1910 and 1900, due consideration must be given to the fact that the enumeration of 1900 was as of June 1, while that of 1910 was as of April 15. Had the census of 1910 been taken as of June 1, the number of animals — -especially of cattle, swine, and sheep — would have been materially greater tha-n reported, for the reason that a very large number of domestic ani- mals of all kinds are born during the six weeks from i April 15 to June 1. As the value per head of these animals would be relatively low, howevei', an enumera- tion at the later date would not have had the effect of increasing the total value of animals reported in any- thing like the same degree; in other words, the aver- age value per head would have been lower than that based upon the figures reported for April 15. Table 4, on the oppo.site page, summarizes, for the United States as a whole, the principal facts with regard to the several classes of domestic animals on farms. Wliile there was during the decade 1900-1910 a great increase in the total value of domestic animals, this was due chielly to the increase in average value per head. The returns show an apparent decrease in the number of cattle, sw'ine, and sheep, and only a comparatively slight increase in the number of horses. Had both censuses been taken as of June 1, there would probably have been much less decrease in the number of cattle and of sheep, a moderate increase in the number of swdne, and a somew'hat greater increase in the number of horses and of mules than is showm in Table 4. Hoi •ses, mules, and asses and burros together con- tributed more than one-half (55.1 per cent) of the value of domestic animals on farms in 1910, while cattle, w'hich contributed almost one-balf (49.5 per cent) of the total in 1900, conlributed less than one- third (31.5 per cent) in 1910. It is noteworthy that a smaller proportion of all farmers reported horses in 1910 than in 1900, w'hile a decidedly larger projiortion re|)orteil mules. Swfine LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 311 wore reported by a smaller percentage of all farmers percentage, but a smaller absolute number. The pro- m 1910 than in 1900, and sheep by not only a smaller portion reporting cattle, however, increased slightly. 'I’ublc 1 HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS. •Ml domestic animals. Cattle. Numberof anlmalsfApril 15). 1910 (June 1). . 1900 Incroa.se ‘ Per cent 61,803,866 67,719,410 -5,915,544 -8.7 Total. 24, 148, 580 21,625,800 2,522,780 11.7 Horses. Mules. Asses and burros. Swine. Sheep. Goats. 19,833,113 18,267,020 1,566,093 8.6 4,209,769 3,264,615 945, 154 29.0 105, 698 94, 165 11,533 12.2 58, 185,676 62,868,041 -4,682,365 -7.4 52,447,861 61,, 503, 713 -9,055,852 -14.7 2,91,5, 125 1,870,599 1,044,626 55.8 Value of animals 1910 1900 Increase Per cent Per cent of total value of domestic animals 1910 1900 Average value per head 1910 1900 81,760,060,093 82,979, 197,586 81,780,862,507 59.8 100.0 100.0 $1,499,523,007 $1,475,204,033 $24,318,974 1.6 31.5 49.5 $24. 20 $21. 78 $2,622,180, 170 $1,098,546,4,54 $1,523,633,716 138.7 $2,083,588, 195 $896,513,217 $1,187,074,978 132. 4 $525,391,803 $196,222,053 $329, 169, 810 167.8 $13,200,112 $.5,811,184 $7,388,928 127. 1 5399,338,308 $231,978,031 $167,360,277 72. 1 $232,841,585 $170,203,119 $62,638,466 36.8 $6,176,423 $3,265,349 $2,911,074 89.1 55. 1 36.9 $108. 59 $50. 80 43.8 30. 1 $105. 06 $49. 08 11.0 6.6 $124. 80 $60. 11 0.3 0.2 $124. 89 $61.71 8.4 7.8 $6. 86 $3.69 4.9 5.7 $4. 44 $2. 77 0. 1 0. 1 $2. 12 $1. 75 Number of farms reporting .1910 1900 Per cent of all farms 1910 1900 6,034,783 5,498,417 94.9 95.8 5,284,916 4,730,480 83. 1 82.4 4,692,814 4,530,628 73.8 79.0 1,869,005 1,480,652 29.4 25.8 43,927 33,584 0.7 0.6 4,351,751 4,335,363 68.4 75. 6 610,894 82,755 763,518 77,515 9. 6 1. 3 13. 3 1. 4 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The following statement shows the percentage wliich the number of each kind of animals in each geographic division or section of the country repre- sents of the total for the Lhiited States: Table 5 PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER FOR THE UNITED STATES. Horses, mules, and asses and DIVISION OR burros. SECTION. Cattle. Swine. Sheep. Goats. Asses Total. Horses. Mules. and burros. United States... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 2.2 1.5 1.8 (‘) 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.1 Middle Atlantic 6.8 5.3 6.2 1.2 0.6 3.1 3.5 0.3 East North Central .. 15.9 19.3 22.2 6.2 5.1 24.9 18.2 1.2 West North Central.. 28.6 31.2 34.3 17.0 21.1 36.6 9.7 3.9 South Atlantic 7.8 7.7 5.6 17.8 3.2 10.2 4.8 7.2 East South Central . . 6.4 9.0 5.8 23.8 14.9 9.3 4.8 6.8 West South Central.. 17.3 15.2 11.8 30.6 28.2 12.1 4.2 43.8 Mountain 9.8 6.2 7.2 1.2 23.7 1.1 43.4 25.3 Pacific 5.2 4.6 5.1 2.2 3.1 2.0 10.7 11.4 The North 53.5 57.3 64.4 24.5 27.0 65.2 32.2 5.5 The South 31.6 31.9 23.2 72.2 46.2 31.7 13.7 57.8 The West 15.0 10.8 12.3 3.3 26.8 3.1 54.1 36.7 East of the Mississippi 39.1 42.8 41.6 49.1 24.0 48.2 32.1 15.6 W est of the Mississippi 60.9 57 2 58.4 50.9 76.0 51.8 67.9 84.4 * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The West North Central division has the largest proportion of any division of the total number in the case of cattle, of horses, mules, and asses and burros combined, and of swine, the Mountain divi- sion much the largest proportion of the sheep, and the West South Central division much the largest propor- tion of the goats. The North has more than half of the total number of cattle and nearly two-tliirds of the horses and the swine; but the South has a larger proportion of the mules, asses and burros, and goats than the North or the West; while the West has more than half of the sheep of the country. The territory west of the Mississippi River contains a larger num- ber of each kind of animals than the territory east of the river. Table 6 shows, for 1910 and 1900, the 10 states leading in the total value of hve stock on farms and in the number of the several classes or groups of domestic animals, respectively, the states being ar- ranged in the order of their rank. The wide distribution of most classes of live stock is indicated by the fact that the 10 states which lead in the total value of live stock together report less than* one-half of the total for the United States. Texas has been at the last two censuses the leading state with respect to the number of all cattle and the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros considered to- gether. At both censuses New York has led mth respect to the number of dairy cows, and Iowa with respect to the number of swine Wyoming had the largest number of sheep and goats, taken together, in 1910, but Montana had the greatest number m 1900. Table 6 STATES LEADING, IN NUMBER OF ANIMALS ON FARMS. OF ALL LIVE STOCK. • All cattle. Dairy cows. Horses, mules, and asses and burros. Swine. Sheep and goats. "a os « 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 Iowa Wyoming... Montana; . . . 2 Texas Texas Illinois Illinois Illinois New Mexica 3 Illinois Missouri. . Missouri. . Ohio Wyoming. Ohio. 4 Missouri Kansas Nebraska. . Oklahoma . Minnesota Wisconsin Missouri. . . Missouri . . Indiana ... Nebraska . New Mexico 5 Pennsylvania Nebraska . Indiana. . . Idaho Utah. 6 Ohio Te.xas Oregon. Idaho. 7 Ohio Ohio Pennsylvania Nebraska . Kansas.... Ohio Oregon 8 New York. Texas Texas California. . . Michigan. California. 9 Indiana. , . . Oklahoma Michigan Missouri 10 Minnesota.. Pennsylvania California. . Ohio Michigan Kansas Minnesota.. - Kentucky. Wisconsin. Tennessee. Texas. 312 ABSTRACT Ur THE CENSUS— AGiUUULTURE. LIVE STOCK ON FA JIMS— VALUE OF THE SEVERAL CLASSES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [A mill us ( — ) denotes decrease.] ruble 7 ALL LIVE STOCK.' DOMESTIC ANIMALS. POULTRY. BEES. DIVISION OR .ST.\Ti:. Percent Percent Percent Per cent PJIO I'.KIO 1 of in- 1910 1900 of in- 1010 1900 of in- 1910 1900 of in- 1 crease. crease. crease. crease. United States . . . $4,925,173,610 $3,075,477,703 GO. 1 $4,760,060,093 $2,979,197,586 59.8 $154, 663, 220 $85,807,818 80.2 $10,373,615 $10, 178.087 1.9 Qii^OUKAriliO Dl V ISiOISS. New ICiiijliUid 97,896,823 74,826,332 30.8 92,462,323 70, 994,088 30.2 5,238,461 3,011,668 45.0 195,9.59 206, 151 - 4.9 Middle Atlantic 349, ir)9,535 245, 635, 518 42. 1 330,213,413 234,360,768 40.9 17,775,385 10,095,094 76.1 1,166,587 1,164,581 0.2 Kast North Central . 976,329,922 604,033,707 61.5 935,4.56,2.53 581,889,163 60.8 39,070,998 20,819,900 87.7 1,800,931 1,897,103 —5. 1 West Nortli Central. 1,531,708,097 972,343,643 59. 6 1,. 505,717,901 948,086, 154 58.8 44,226,368 22,590,723 95.7 1,729,683 1,008,512 7.5 South Atlantic 366,534, 132 194,362,808 88.6 351,328,058 184,152,273 90.8 13,631,507 8,545,899 59.5 1,574,577 1,664,636 —5. 4 East South Central. 369, 034, 607 213,320,732 73.0 356,043,904 203,784,314 74.7 11,873, 198 8,063,673 47.2 1,117,145 1,459,835 -23.5 West South Central . 389,837,078 403,138,495 46.3 576,926,092 394,471,373 46.3 11,910,631 7,612,990 56. 5 997,825 1,053,562 -.5.3 Mountain 388,746,520 243,836,888 59.4 383,272, 141 241,842,845 58.5 4,056,903 1,302,014 241.9 784,056 492,539 59.2 Pacific 235,926,876 123,379,580 91.2 228,639,348 119,610,608 91.1 6,279,709 3,099,851 102.6 1,006, 852 031, 108 59.5 Maine 25,161,839 17, 106,034 47.1 23,989,561 16,298,422 47.2 1,131,921 750, 153 49. 7 40,357 51,459 -21.6 New Ilampshue 11,910,478 10, 554,646 12.8 11,237,764 10,062,877 11.7 049, 121 407, 104 39.0 23,593 24, 005 -4.3 Vermont 22, 642, 766 17,841,317 26.9 21,990,030 17,373, 169 26. 6 007, 787 421, 195 44.3 44,349 46,953 -5.5 Massachusetts 20, 741,366 15, 798, 404 31.3 19,208,712 14,730, 169 30.4 1,492,961 1,018,119 46.6 39,683 35,751 11.0 Rhode Island 3,276,472 2,593,659 26.3 2,902,316 2,281,817 27.2 368,018 305,047 20.6 6, 138 6,795 -9.7 Connecticut 14,lt>3,902 10,932,212 29.6 13, 133,340 10,247,634 28.2 988,0.53 6-14,050 53 . 5 41,839 40, .528 3.2 Middle Atlantic: New York 183,090,844 125,583,715 45.8 174,500,658 120,673, 101 44.7 7,879,388 4,310,755 82.8 646,848 593,784 8.9 New Jersey 24,588,639 17,612,6'20 39.6 22,326,469 16,209,548 37.2 2,221,610 1,300,853 70.8 41,560 39,219 6.0 Pennsylvania 141,480,052 102,439, 183 38. 1 133,327,286 97,424,119 36.9 7,674,387 4,483,486 71.2 478, 179 531,578 -10.0 East North Central; Ohio 197,332,112 125,954,616 56.7 187,523,324 120,466, 134 55.7 9,532,672 5,085,921 87.4 275,726 402, 561 -31.5 Indiana 173,860, 101 109,550,761 58.7 105,867,178 105,048,528 57.9 7,762,015 4,222,409 83.8 230,478 278,864 -17.4 lUinois 308,804,431 193,758,037 59.4 296, 619, 153 186,856,020 58.7 11,696,650 6,415,033 82.3 487,733 486, 164 0.3 Michigan 137,803,795 79,042,644 74.3 131,740,348 75,997,051 73.4 5,610,958 2,685,829 108.9 446,464 352,469 26.7 Wisconsin 158,529,483 96,327,649 64.6 153,700,250 93,521,430 64.3 4,468,703 2,410,714 85.4 300,530 377, 105 -4.4 West North Central: Minnesota 161,641,146 89,063,097 81.5 156,771,855 86,620,643 81.0 4,646,960 2,274,649 104.3 221,781 167,280 32.6 Iowa 393,003,196 278,830,096 40.9 380,201,586 271,844,034 39.9 12,269,881 6,535,464 87.7 517,329 443,923 las Missouri 285,839, 108 160,540,004 78.0 273,366,662 154,295,303 77.2 11,870,972 5,720,359 107.5 584,549 508,217 15.0 North Dakota.. 108,249,866 42,430,491 155.1 106,761,317 41,951,059 154.5 1,485,463 477,358 211.2 3,086 1,474 109.4 South Dakota 127,229,200 65, 173,432 95.2 124,841,010 64,287,578 94.2 2,356,465 850, 906 175.0 31,050 10,088 213.7 Nebraska 222,222,004 145,349,587 52.9 217,849,050 142,709,629 52.6 4,219, 158 2,374,930 77.7 152,676 199,563 -23.5 Kansas - 253,523,577 190,956,936 32.8 245,926,421 186,317,248 32.0 7,377,469 4,356,997 69.3 218, 612 277,967 -21.4 South Atlantic: Delaware 6,817, 123 4,111,054 65.8 6,243,368 3,733,335 67.2 560,146 357,475 56. 7 13,609 20,244 -32.8 Maryland 32,570, 1:34 20,855,877 56.2 30,649,961 19,636,844 56. 1 1,858,570 1,158,020 60.5 61,603 61,013 1.0 Districlof Columbia 152,840 125,326 22.0 145,573 122,019 19.3 6,477 3, 108 108.4 790 199 297.0 Virginia 74,891,438 42,026,737 78.2 71,192,843 39,831,552 78.7 3,395,962 1,886,708 80.0 302, 623 308,417 -1.9 West Virginia 43,336,073 30,571,259 41.8 41,318,436 29,231,832 41.3 1,628,700 963,805 69.0 388,937 375,622 3.5 North Carolina 62,649,984 30, 106, 173 108. 1 60,050,731 28,242, 147 112.6 2,212,570 1,434,158 o4.3 386,683 429,868 -10.0 South CaroUna 45,131,380 20, 199,859 123. 4 43,790, 143 19, 167,229 128.5 1,206,615 889,953 35.6 134,622 142,677 ~5. 6 Georgia 80,393,993 35, 200,507 128.4 78,118,098 33,499,683 133.2 2,088,653 1,458,055 43.3 187,242 212,769 —22.9 Florida 20,591,187 11, 166,016 84.4 19,818,905 10,687,032 85.4 673,814 394,557 70.8 98,468 83,827 17.5 East South Central: Kentucky 117,486,662 73,739, 106 59.3 112,605,412 70,488,187 59.8 4,461,871 2,723,221 03.8 419,379 527,098 -20.4 Tennessee 110,706,078 60,818,605 82.0 106,608, 122 58,043,895 83.7 3,757,337 2,275,8f>4 65. 1 340,619 486,536 -3a 0 Alabama 65,594,834 36, 105,799 81.7 03,574,674 34,408,932 84.8 1,807,239 1,409,209 28.2 212,921 287,598 -2a 0 Mississippi 75,247,033 42,657,222 76.4 73,255, 756 40,843,300 79.4 1,846,751 1,65.5,319 11.6 144,226 158,603 - 9. 1 West South Central: Arkansas 74,058,292 37,483,771 97.6 71,794,486 35,739,425 100.9 2,063,432 1,540,006 34.0 200,049 •204,340 - 2.1 Louisiana 44,699,485 28,869,506 54.8 43,314,683 27,757,301 56.0 1,320,014 1,057,889 25.4 58, 188 54,316 7.1 Oklahoma 152,432,792 2 96, 208, 263 58.4 148,652,983 "94,746,713 56.9 3,713,943 " 1,410, 127 102. 3 (■d,26! 2 45,423 41.5 Texas 318,646,509 240,576,9.55 32.5 313,164,540 236,227,934 32.6 4,806,642 3,598,968 33.0 675,:i27 749,483 -9.9 Mountain: • Montana 85,663,187 52, 161,833 64.2 84,999,659 51,724,113 64.3 628,436 296,806 111.7 32,112 8,139 294.5 Idaho 49,775,309 21,657,974 129.8 49,076,971 21,389,853 r29.4 598, 190 ■203, 127 194.5 100, 148 64,904 54. 1 Wyoming 65,605,510 39,14.5,877 67.6 65, 384,. 559 39,080, 158 67.3 194,078 60,397 221.3 20,493 5,322 285.1 Colorado 70, 161,;i44 49,9.54,311 40.5 68,840,485 49,359,781 39.5 1,012,251 393,219 157.4 308, COS 195,096 58.2 New Mexico 43,494,679 31,727,400 37. 1 43, 191,913 31,044, 179 36.5 256,466 62,419 310.9 40,300 20,802 122.6 Arizona 26,050, 870 15,545,687 67.6 24,370,530 15,375,286 58.5 1,. 545,906 103,298 1,396.7 104,374 66, 603 5a7 Utah 28,781,691 21,474,241 34.0 28,330,215 21,175,867 33.8 327,908 186,922 75.4 123,568 111,452 lag Nevada 19,213,930 12, 169, .565 57.9 19,071,809 12,093,608 57. 7 93,668 55,826 67.8 48,4;53 20, 131 140.7 Pacific; Washington 48,865,110 22,159,207 120.5 47,370,775 21,437,528 121.0 1,367,440 614, 838 122. 4 r26,895 100,841 18.8 Oregon 59,461,828 33,917,048 75.3 .'■)8, 243,921 33, 172,342 75.6 1,067,743 582,524 83.3 LW, 164 160,382 -a 4 California 127,599,938 67,303,325 89.6 123,024,652 65,000, 738 89.3 3,844,526 1,00'2,489 102. 1 729,793 363,885 100.6 > Totals Include a small amount for the value of special classes of animals (buffaloes, deer, etc.) not Included under ** domestic animals.’^ * Includes Indian TerriUiry, IJVE STOCK ON FAllMS AND EJ.SEWH1^:KE. 313 CATTLE ON FARMS. United States as a whole. — Comparisons between the censuses of 1910 and 1900 witli reference to tlie statistics of cattle are rendered diflicult, not only by the cbanjje in the date of enumeration, already men- tioned, but by chanjjes in the definitions of the sev- eral classes of cattle which seemed necessary in view of the change in the date of enumeration.' The tabular statement below shows the exact desig- nations of the various 61,803,8(16 ' $1,499,523,607 24.26 5,284,916 83.1 67,719,410 $1,475,204,633 $21. 78 20,625,432 $706,236,307 $34.24 5,140,869 80.8 17, 135, a33 $508, 616,501 $29.68 12,023,682 $269, 160, 193 $22. 39 1, 444, 733 22.7 11,559, 194 $271,302,682 $23. 47 7,295,880 $103, 194,026 $14.14 2,374,607 37.3 7, 174, 483 $121,528,076 $16.94 1.3,048,547 $347,901, 174 $26.66 Average value.. Farms report’g.. Per cent of Si farms 1900— Number . .. 16,534,518 $436,467,373 $26.40 Average value.. ■ Includes 1,003,786 unclassified cattle, valued at $21,031,77-4. Divisions and states. — Table 14 (pages 316 and 317) shows, for each geographic division and each state, the number and value of the several classes of cattle on farms at the last two censuses. Table 10 below shows the percentage distribution of each class among the divisions and sections, and also the average number of all cattle (excluding calves) and of dairy cows per 1 ,000 acres of land in farms and of improved faiTU land. The distribution of calves is not shown, because the difference in climate so affects the relative number of calves born before April 15 in the different divisions that such a distribution would not represent normal conditions. Table lO PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER IN THE UNITED STATES. DIVISION OR SECTION. All cattle. All cattle (e.vcluding calves). Dairy cows. Other cows. Heifers. Steers and bulls. .\11 cattle (excluding calves). Dairy cows. All cattle (excluding calves). Dairy cows. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 61 63 23 20 113 126 43 41 New England 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 4.1 5.2 0.8 0.6 1.9 2.9 0.7 0.9 59 64 43 43 161 102 116 110 Middle Atlantic 6.8 7.0 6.5 7.2 12.6 15.2 2.1 1.3 5.8 8.1 2.0 2.6 82 84 CiO 58 120 122 89 85 East North Central 15.9 15.6 15.5 15. 1 23.4 23.1 7,0 4.5 17.5 16.4 10.9 13.5 71 68 41 34 94 91 54 46 West North Central 28.0 29.7 28.4 29.4 25.8 26.4 23.8 23.9 30.1 29.9 37.6 36.2 66 77 23 23 93 114 32 33 South Atlantic 7.8 6.5 7.9 6.7 8.8 8.1 7.6 5.6 7.5 6.0 6.7 6.2 41 34 17 13 88 76 37 30 East South Central 6.4 5.4 6.4 5.2 7.9 7.4 4.2 2.3 7.3 5.2 6.0 5.0 42 34 20 16 79 68 37 31 West South Central 17.3 21.0 17.5 21.2 10.9 9.5 25.8 37.6 1.5.9 18.8 19.4 22.7 56 63 13 9 162 279 39 41 Mountain 9.8 8.7 10.4 9.1 2.5 1.9 21.0 19.5 9.2 8.8 11.6 9.4 95 103 9 7 354 567 32 39 Pacific 5.2 3.8 5.2 3.7 4.0 3.1 7.1 4.7 4.8 3.8 5.2 3.5 55 41 16 11 127 103 38 29 The North 53.5 54.6 52.0 54.2 65.9 70.0 33.7 30.3 55.3 57.4 51.1 53.1 69 74 33 31 98 109 47 40 The South 31.0 32.9 31.8 33.0 27.6 25.0 37.6 45.5 30.7 30.0 32. 1 34.0 48 48 16 12 114 137 38 34 The West 15.0 12.5 15.0 12.8 6.5 5. 1 28.7 24.2 14.0 12.6 16.8 12.9 76 71 12 9 222 247 35 32 East of the Mississippi 39. 1 36.9 38.5 36? 0 50.8 59.0 21.7 14.3 40.0 38.7 26.2 28.2 57 52 32 28 95 91 54 48 West of the Mississippi 60.9 63.1 61.5 63.4 43.2 41.0 78.3 85.7 60.0 61.3 73.8 71.8 65 71 17 15 128 104 34 35 AVERAGE NUMBER PER 1,000 ACRES OF ALL LAND IN FARMS. AVERAGE NUMBER PER 1,000 ACRES OP IM- PROVED LAND ZU FARMS. The West North Central Tlivision ranked first in number of all cattle (excluding calves) m 1910, with 28.4 per cent of the total number, followed by the West South Central, with 17.5 per cent, and the East North Central, with 15.5 per cent. The distribution of dairy cows was somewhat differ- ent from that of the other classes of cattle. The West North Central division ranked first, reporting 25.8 per cent of the total number in 1910, but was very closely followed by the East North Central. The Middle Atlantic and West vSouth Central divisions ranked third and fourth. * In the North were found 52.6 per cent of the total number of cattle (excluding calves) in 1910, and 65.9 per cent of the dairy cows; in the South, 31.8 per cent and 27.6 per cent, respectively; and in the West, 15.6 per cent of the total number of cattle (excluding calves), but only 6.5 per cent of the dairy cows. The average number of all cattle (excluding calves) per 1,000 acres of land in farms was highest in the Mountain division, 95, the Middle Atlantic diUsion following closely, with 82, wliile the South Atlantic division shows the lowest average, 41. This average is exaggerated in the Mountain division, whore con- siderable tracts used for grazing are not reported as in farms. The divisions ranked very differently, how- ever, with respect to the average number of dairy cows per 1,000 acres. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWPIERE 315 Tho following statement, based on Table 14, shows the increase or decrease in the number of each class of cattle between June 1, 1900, and April 15, 1910. The figures of the two censuses for all cattle (excluding calves) are somewhat more nearly comparable than those for all cattle, but are not exactly comparable, the figures for 1910 being relatively somewhat too high (see below). Table 1 1 INCP.KASE IN NUMBEn, JUNE 1, 1000, TO APRIL 15, 1910.1 DIVISION OR SECTION. All cattle. All cattle (excluding calves). Dairy cows. Other cows. Heifers. Calv'cs. Steers and bulls. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Numlier. Per cent. United States -5,915,544 -8.7 1,593,499 3.0 3, 489, 799 20.4 464, 488 4.0 121,397 1.7 -7, 509,043 -49.0 -3,485,971 -21.1 New England -270, 065 -16.8 -148,016 -11.2 -51,780 -5.8 34,940 52.4 -69. 366 -33.2 -122,049 -42 1 -61,810 -41.9 Middle Atlantic -.500, 099 -10.6 -2.14,470 -6.2 -5, 136 -0.2 97,327 62.7 -164,010 -28.1 -266, 229 -27.5 -162,631 —18. 5 East North Central -71,1, 217 -6.8 482, 170 6.1 867,046 21.9 317, 991 61.2 99,301 8.4 -1,195,387 -45.2 -802, 168 -36.0 West North Central. . . -2,441,385 -12.2 -96, 683 -0.6 799,803 17.7 99,197 3.6 48,477 2.3 -2,344,702 -50.2 -1,079,305 -18.0 South Atlantic 407, 571 9.2 773,811 22.2 427, 435 30.9 268,026 41.7 112,657 26.0 -366, 240 -38.9 -163,661 -15.9 East South Central 274, 005 7.5 730, 249 26.7 303, 779 28.8 242, 740 92.1 160,718 43.2 -456, 244 -48.6 -47,420 -5.7 West South Central . . . -3,481, 130 -24.5 -1,645,548 -14.8 614, 599 37.6 -1,245, 669 -28.6 -189, 105 -14.0 -1,835,582 -59.0 -1,224,413 -32.6 Mountain 144,826 2.4 865, 778 18.2 184, 862 56.1 343,352 15.3 40, 198 6.4 -720,9.52 -62.5 -42, 751 -2.8 Pacific 664, 550 26.2 866, 208 44.7 289, 191 53.9 306, 584 56.2 82,547 30.5 -201, 658 -33.4 98, 188 16.8 The North -3,92.5,366 -10.6 3,001 (9 1,609,933 13.4 549, 455 15.7 -85, 618 -2.1 -3,928, 167 -45.8 -2,10.5,914 -24.0 The South -2, 799, 554 -12.6 -141,488 -0.8 1,405,813 32.8 -734,903 -14.0 84,270 3.9 -2,658,066 -53.3 -1,435,494 -25. 5 The West 809, 376 9.6 1,731,986 25.9 474,053 54.7 649, 936 23.2 122, 745 13.6 -922, 610 -52.5 55, 437 2.6 East of the Mississippi. -802, 405 -3.2 1,603,744 8.4 1,601,344 15.8 961,024 58.3 139,280 5.0 -2,400,149 -41.6 -1,237,690 -26.6 West of the Mississippi. -5,113, 139 -12.0 -10,245 (9 1,888, 455 26.9 -496, 536 -5.0 -17,883 -0.4 -5, 102,894 —53. 5 -2, 248, 281 -18.9 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total number of cattle (excluding calves) in- creased in the East North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions, but decreased in the other four divisions. Table 12 AVElfAGE VALUE PEE HEAD. DIVISION. All cattle. All cat- tle (ex- cluding calves). Dairy cows. Other cows. Heifers. Calves. Steers and bulls. United States: 1910 $24. 26 21.78 $26. 81 $34. 24 $22. 39 $14. 14 $6. 66 $26. 66 1900 25.53 29.68 23.47 16. 94 8. 96 26. 40 New England; 1910 31.60 35.29 39.60 23.37 15.03 5.98 40. 02 1900 24.21 28. 04 31.52 23. 63 14.82 6.82 27.72 Middle Atlantic: 1910 32.77 37.96 43.25 25. 53 16.83 6.66 31.25 1900 23.87 28. 28 32. 15 24.80 15.97 6.74 22. 74 East North Central: 1910 27.70 31.28 37.12 26.66 15.78 7.00 28.11 1900 23.23 28.21 31.35 29. 41 18. 28 8.39 27.62 West North Central: 1910 25. 48 28. 32 33. 25 26.81 14.94 6. 72 29.82 1900 25.30 29.69 31.64 29.68 19. 97 10.78 31.71 South Atlantic: 1910 18.50 20.22 26. 39 13. 32 10.31 5.74 22. 16 1900 14. 97 17.52 21.97 11.42 10.62 5.51 18. 23 East South Central: 1910 19. 13 21.02 26. 97 15.60 10.06 5.51 19.74 1900 16. 97 20. 58 24. 19 17.70 12.70 6. 47 19.53 West South Central: 1910 18.96 20.65 26.30 18. 61 11.70 6.43 22. 12 1900 17.68 20. 20 23.03 19.96 13.95 8.71 21.48 Mountain: 1910 24. 13 25.35 39. 69 23.89 16. 36 8.30 27. 41 1900 22. 56 25.35 35.77 24.72 18.51 11.04 26.83 Pacific: 1910 25. 76 28.44 39.81 25. 17 15.66 7.06 26. 43 1900 22.54 26.87 35.22 25.73 18.01 8.66 24. 36 The number of dairy cows increased in all of the divisions except the New England and Middle Atlantic. There was a decrease in steers and bulls in every division except the Pacific, but, on the other hand, cows not kept for dairy purposes increased in every division except the West South Central, and heifers increased in all but three of the divisions. Table 12 shows the average value of each class of cattle in 1910 and 1900. The average value of all cattle on farms and ranges was $24.26 in 1910, as compared with $21.78 in 1900. Had the census of 1910 been taken as of June 1, how- ever, after more spring calves had been born, the average value of the cattle reported would have been somewhat lower than on April 15. The changes in the average value of most of the specified classes of cattle appear to be due mainly to changes in the age limits. The average value of dairy cows, however, increased from $29.68 to $34.24, though the minimum age limit was somewhat lower in 1910 than in 1900. Table 13, below, gives the number of all cattle on farms (excluding -calves) and the number of dairy cows, by geographic divisions, for the censuses of 1910, 1900, 1890, and 1880. The data for each census except that of 1910 were collected as of the same date and on the same basis of classification. Table 13 DIVISION. ALL CATTLE (EXCLUDING CALVES). DAIRY COWS. 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 53,997,327 1, 168,528 3,530,602 8,369,644 15,325,303 4,264,112 3, 460, 270 9,447,815 5, 627, 878 2, 803, 175 52. 403, 828 1,316,544 3,765,072 7, 887, 474 15,421,986 3,490,301 2,730,021 11,093,363 4, 762, 100 1,936,967 1 57, 648, 792 1,411,852 4,049,872 9,033, 132 » 15,568,301 3, 890, 107 3, 822, 184 1 10, 677, 962 1 6, 811,182 1 2, 384, 200 > 39, 675, 533 1,503,452 4,293,844 7, 629, 040 > 8,205,181 1 3,951,728 3,095,993 ‘ 6,619,740 > 2,765,312 > 1,611,243 20. 625, 432 841,698 2, 597, 652 4,829,527 5,327,606 1, 810, 754 1,628,061 2,249,553 514,466 826, 115 17,135,633 893, 478 2,602,788 3, 962, 481 4, 527, 803 1,383,319 1,264,282 1,634,954 329,604 536,924 16,511,950 822,001 2,529,060 3,752,237 4,488,762 1,369,466 1,312,074 1,517,583 218, 689 502, 078 12,443,120 746,656 2,444,089 2, 990, 852 2,411,229 1,280,761 1,14.5,403 1,002,037 124, 844 297,249 1 Includes estimated number of cattle on public ranges. 316 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE CATTLE ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE, BY AGE AND [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] 'I'ablo 11 ALL CATTLE. DAIRY COWS. OTHER COWS. DIVISION OR STATK. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1 United States Geographic div.; New ICngland '61,803,866 67,719,410 ‘$1,499,523,607 $1,475,204,633 20, 625, 432 17, 135, 633 $706,236,307 $508, 616, 501 12,023,682 11,559,194 $269, 160, 193 $271,302,682 2 1,3.36, ,5.50 1,606,615 42,240,849 38,901,949 841,698 893,478 33,333,262 28,162,946 101,559 66,619 2,373,332 1,573,973 3 Middle Atlantic. 4, 232, 521 4,733,220 138,685,253 112,997,472 2,597,652 2, 602, 788 112,358,529 83,676,301 252,577 155,250 6,447,442 3,849,692 4 K. North Central. 9,819,097 10,532,314 271,944,120 2-44,710,351 4, 829,527 3,962,481 179,274,884 124,214, 431 837,880 519,889 22,341,550 15,291,227 5 W. North Central ' 17,647,714 20,089,099 ‘ 449,654,307 508,193,536 5, .327, 606 4,527,803 177,116,353 1-13,239,750 2,865,372 2,766,175 76,808,285 82,092,750 6 South Atlantic. . 1 4,839,321 4,431,750 ‘ 89,539,532 66, 321,262 1,810,754 1,383,319 47,779,085 30, .396, 379 910, 106 642,080 12,122,883 7,329,861 <■ E. Southcentral. > 3,942,526 3,668,521 ‘ 75,401,279 62, 25.3, 269 1,628,061 1,204,282 43,901,866 30,576,691 506,234 263,494 7,897,542 4, 664,610 8 W. South Central ' 10,721,012 14,202,142 ' 203, 2:19, .500 251,117,313 2,249,553 1,634,954 59,165,583 37,651,230 3,103,235 4,348,904 57,740,079 86,821,688 9 Mountain ‘ 6,060, 725 .5,915,899 ' 146,269,549 133,449,400 514,466 329,604 20,418,519 11,790,181 2,594,190 2,250,838 61,970,884 55,634,378 10 Pacific NEWENGLANn: Maine > 3,204,400 2,539,850 ' 82,549,218 57, 260,081 826,115 536,924 32,888,226 18,908,592 852,529 545,945 21,458,196 14,044,503 11 2,56, 523 338,847 7,784,384 7,585,545 156,819 173,592 5,874,228 5,060,048 17,975 12,483 393,705 272,017 12 New Hampshire. 167, 831 226,792 5,240, 122 5, 546, 630 101,278 115,036 3,916,441 3,615,354 16, 175 13, 102 372,250 319,086 13 Vermont 430,314 501, 940 11,828,892 10,528,795 265, 483 270, 194 9, 527,660 7,740,908 27,612 21,715 586,806 472,874 14 Massachusetts. . . 252, 410 285, 944 9,348,076 8, 130,917 171,936 184,562 7,815,701 6,546,954 20, 100 9,946 512,381 262,090 15 Rhode Island 34, 148 36,0.34 1,309,088 1, 165, 797 23,329 23,660 1,089,074 937, 137 2,524 1,379 66,703 38,003 10 Connecticut 195,318 217,058 6,730,287 5,944,265 122,853 126,434 5, 110, 158 4,262,545 17,173 7,994 441,487 209,903 17 Middle ,\tlantic: New York 2,423,003 2,596,389 83,062,242 62,735,174 1,509,594 1,501,608 69,110,608 48,694,512 138,461 98,466 3,739,506 2,393,248 18 Nerv Jersey 222,999 239,984 8,393,117 7, 199, 107 154,418 157,407 7, 141,572 5,840,228 14,896 7,977 423,250 235,183 19 Pennsylvania 1,586,519 1,896,847 47,229,894 43,063, 191 933,640 943, 77.3 36, 10(i,349 29, 141,561 99,220 48,807 2,284,686 1,221,261 20 E. North Central: Ohio 1,837,607 2,053,313 51,403,341 46,560,246 905, 125 818,239 33,963,472 24,725,382 142,261 87,040 3,671,000 2,347,072 21 Indiana 1,363,016 1,684,478 39,110,492 40,964,524 633,591 574,276 23,898,428 18,285,504 133,709 88,619 3, 720, 123 2,777,104 22 Illinois 2,440,577 3, 104,010 73,454,745 82, 170,907 1,050,223 1,007,664 41,189,997 34,279,218 281,957 228,931 8,436,327 7,238,385 23 Michigan 1,497, 823 1,376,408 40,500,318 28, 165, 256 767,083 563, 905 29,312,252 17,281,805 *06,801 46,205 2,579,663 1,197,893 24 Wisconsin 2,680,074 2,314, 105 07,475,224 46,849,418 1,473,505 998,397 50,910,735 29,642,522 173, 152 69,094 3,934,437 1,730,773 25 W. North Centr.cl: Minnesota 2,347,435 1,871,325 50, .306, 372 36,248,958 1,085,388 753,632 33,276,653 21,513,337 218,948 68,565 4,616,179 1,689,684 26 Iowa 4,448,006 5,367,630 118,864,139 142,518,902 1,406,792 1,423,648 48,651,418 46,349,012 614,930 461,031 17,715,974 14,315,226 27 Missouri 2,561,482 2, 978,, 589 72,883,664 75,656,807 856,4,30 765,386 30,620,097 23,514,794 , 306,681 324, 198 8,692,733 9,252,117 28 North Dakota. . . 743,762 657, 434 17,711,398 15,810,637 259,173 125, 503 8,738,468 4,078,546 119,510 108,146 3,256,904 3,425,103 29 South Dakota. . . 1 1,535,276 1,546,800 ' 36,257,234 37,847,933 369,764 270,634 11,502,951 8,400,818 341,959 270,285 9,232,917 7,991,874 30 Nebraska i 2,932,350 3,176,243 ‘ 73,074,057 82, 469, 498 613,952 512,544 20,029,378 17, 192, 120 705,191 674,025 18,585,179 20,552,720 31 Kansas ' 3,079,403 4,491,078 '80,557,443 117,640,801 736, 107 676,456 24,297,388 22,191,123 558,153 859,925 14,708,399 24,866,027 32 South .\tlantic: Delaware 54,986 54, 180 1,648,333 1,340,885 35,708 32,591 1,315,266 993,972 3,497 1,866 78,956 46,527 33 Maryland 287, 751 292,646 7,. 869, 526 6,853,121 106,859 147,284 5,580,210 4,339,777 18,816 9,490 413,661 218,441 34 35 Dist.of Columbia. Virginia 982 ' 859,067 1,462 825,512 75,305 ' 21,124,071 54,471 16,838,847 857 356,284 1,251 281,876 68,535 10,285,422 50, 399 6,641,677 87,697 38 40,735 1,789,833 950 808,745 36 West Virginia. . . 620,288 639, 782 15,860,764 14,058, 427 239,539 205,601 7,563,400 5,694,302 63,740 36,870 1,544,213 896,279 37 North Carolina. . ' 700,861 624,518 ' 12,550,054 7,667,950 308,914 233, 178 7,839,055 4,426,709 106,553 61,082 1,455,032 675, 729 38 South Carolina. . ' 389,882 342,898 ' 7,088,259 4,334,714 180,842 126,684 4,719,950 2,541,723 j 65,319 42,235 954,236 528, 133 39 Georgia ' 1,080,316 899, 491 ' 14,060,958 8,828,498 405, 710 276,024 8,386,700 4,6.58,971 245,303 164,052 2,496,331 1,470,135 40 Florida 1 845 , m 751,261 '9,262,262 6,344,349 116,041 78,830 2,020,547 1,048,849 319,181 285,712 3,390,621 2,684,922 41 E. South Central; Kentucky 1,000,937 1,08.3,248 25,971,571 24,987,741 409,834 364,025 13,726,018 10,518,031 101,232 51,745 2,289,579 1,359,424 42 Tcnnes.spe 1 996,529 912, 183 I 20,690,718 15,401,051 397, 104 321,676 11,999,755 8,137,474 1 119,718 49,560 2,097,049 961,527 43 Alabama 1 932,428 799, 734 ‘ 13,469,626 9,793,556 391,536 279,263 8,569,538 5,512,940 1 146,354 76,. 560 1,691,238 997,111 44 Mississippi 1 1,012,632 873,356 ' 15,269,364 12,070,921 429,587 299,318 9, 606,555 6,408,246 138,930 85,629 1,819,676 1,346,548 45 W. South Central: Arkansas 1 1,028,071 894,535 ' 15,460,666 11,885,627 425,793 312,577 9,522,368 6,349,801 146,199 79,557 2,077,157 1,284,763 46 Louisiana '804,795 670,295 ' 11,605,354 8,580,996 279,097 184,815 5,912,779 3,607,033 183,550 124, 769 2,6.'>0,249 1,928,524 47 Oklahoma 1 1,9,53,560 "3,209,116 ‘ 43,187,601 "67,421,786 ,530, 7% "276,539 16,072,9as " 7,699,069 304, 165 "774,698 6,489,690 2 16,946,776 48 ' 6,934,586 9,428,196 ‘ 1.32,985,879 163,228,904 1,013,867 861,023 27,657,528 19,995,327 2,469,321 3,;i69,880 46,522,983 66,661,626 49 Mountain: Montana 1 943, 147 968,387 ' 27, 474, 122 25,362,016 77,527 45,016 3,407,090 1,886, .580 372, 798 311,513 11,2.59,752 9,270,977 50 Idaho > 4.53,807 36.3,534 ' 11,330,639 8,389,9,54 86.299 51,929 3,434,134 1,797,122 148,907 100,606 3,713,295 2,765,853 51 Wyoming 1 767, 427 687,284 ‘ 22,697,387 19,39.3,191 32,699 18,272 1,387,273 720,693 307, 189 244,8.59 9, 410, ,305 7,931,297 52 Colorado ' 1,127,737 1,433,318 '31,017,303 35,5.32,738 144,7.34 100,116 5,961,316 3,797,997 405,884 483,039 11,083,972 13,807,743 53 New Mexico ' 1,081,663 991,859 ' 20,409,965 17,977,931 51,451 16,775 1,706,201 510,048 579,601 502,865 10,924,867 9,854,0-24 54 Arizona 1 824,929 742,6.35 ‘ 14,624,708 11,367,466 28,862 17,965 1,273,076 577,693 384,091 .357, 719 6,742,626 5,901,964 55 Utah 1 412,. 3.34 343,690 ‘8,948,702 7,152,844 75,810 65,905 2,586,544 2,0.37,367 185,174 96,849 4,017,265 2,352,863 56 Nevada 1 -149,681 :i85.192 '9,706,723 8,273,260 17,084 13,606 662,885 462.681 210,546 153,388 4,818,802 3,749,667 57 PAcme: Washington 1 402, 120 394,923 ‘ 12,193,465 9,440,038 186,233 107,2.32 7,988,133 4,076,189 58,140 ,58.395 1,530,758 1,722,503 58 Oregon 1 725,2,55 700,303 ' 17, .570. 685 1.5,164,897 172, .5,50 122,447 6,302,765 4,093,333 217, -180 183,100 5,129,426 4,:.59,107 69 California ' 2,077,025 1,444,624 ‘ 52,785,068 32,655,146 467,. 332 307,245 18,597,328 10,739,070 576,909 304,450 14,798,012 7,762,893 • Includes unclassified animals. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHJMIE 8i7 SEX GROUPS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1!)1() AND 1900. 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 lo l(i 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 62 53 64 65 66 57 66 59 (SCO text with reference to hate of enumeration and change In classification.! Table 14— Continued. YKARLING HKIFKRS. CALVBH. STKERH ANI> RULES. DIVISION OR STATE. Number. Value. Number. Value. ! Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 I'MIO 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States Geographic divisions: New England 7, 295, 880 7, 174,483 3103, 194, 026 8121,628,076 7, 806, 539 15,315,582 tS2, 000, 133 3137,290, 001 13,048,547 16,534,518 8347,901, 174 8436,467,373 139,492 208,858 2,095,920 3,094,829 168,022 290,071 1,005,314 1,979,525 85, 779 147, 589 3, 433,021 4,090,676 Middle Atlantic 420,046 584,076 7,069,138 9,327,584 701,919 968, 148 4,676,025 6,526,958 260,327 422,958 8,134,119 9,616,937 East North Central 1,279,030 1,179,729 20, 183,222 21,567,308 1, 449, 4.53 2,644,840 10, 143,006 22, 178, 540 1,423,207 2, 225, 375 40,001,458 61,458,845 West North Central. . . . 2, 193,979 2,145,502 32,779, 162 42,836,754 2,322,411 4,667,113 15,605,540 50,322, 843 4,90.3,201 5,982,506 146,200,706 189,701,439 South Atlantic 545,897 433,240 5,626,390 4,600,635 575, 209 941,449 3,303,304 5, 183,657 868,001 1,031,662 19,236,128 18,810, 730 East South Central 532,815 372,097 5,358,607 4,726,849 482,256 938, 500 2,654,890 6,071,011 782,728 830, 148 15, 453,820 16,213,7)08 West South Central .... 1, ICO, 124 1,349,229 13,567,986 18,819,545 1,273, 197 3, 108,779 8, 183,618 27,068, 181 2,535,863 3,760,276 56,095,225 80, 756, 669 670,920 353,577 630,722 271,030 10,975,173 5,538,428 11,672,879 4,881,693 432,847 401,225 1,153,799 602,883 3,593,978 2,834,458 12,736,9.54 5,221,732 1, 508, 185 1,550,936 583,068 41,337,919 18,008, 778 41,615,008 Pacific 681,256 14,203,561 New England: i Maine 27,346 45,877 380,897 621,354 31,901 61,794 229, 739 411,104 22, 482 45, 101 899,815 1,221,022 1 New Hampshire 17,932 29,574 266, 545 462, 468 18,603 40,434 123,908 305,895 13,843 28,646 560,978 843,827 1 Vermont 45,921 68,664 626,515 889,081 67,573 101,584 326,718 566, 130 23,725 39,783 761, 193 859,802 Massachusetts 24,587 34,452 420, 164 587,080 25,571 43,621 167,200 357,542 10,222 13,363 432,630 377,251 Rhode Island 2,939 3,815 51,315 73,276 3,773 5,338 23,441 45, 537 1,583 1,842 78,555 71,844 Connecticut 20,767 26, 476 344,484 461,570 20,601 37,300 134,308 293,317 13,924 18,854 699,850 716,930 Middle Atlantic: New York 234,728 335,844 4, 186,454 5, 151,703 438,329 507, 140 2,785,121 3,144,954 101,891 153,331 3,240,553 3,350,757 New Jersey 17,625 23,609 334,080 470,484 27,934 39,685 217,613 349,937 8,126 11,306 276,602 303,275 Pennsylvania 167,693 224,623 2,548,604 3,705,397 235,656 421,323 1,673,291 3,032,067 150,310 258,321 4,610,964 5,962,905 East North Central: Ohio 235,392 217,571 3,784,857 3,959,411 255,682 494, 584 1,919,714 4, 186, 575 299, 147 435,879 8,064,298 11,341,806 ' Indiana 180,545 183, 193 3,119,858 3,660, 138 184, 153 428, 109 1,525,445 4, 197, 697 231,018 410,281 6,840,638 12,044,081 Illinois 306,969 332,472 5,346,736 6,735,360 324,079 723,322 2, 476,015 7, 195,897 477,349 811,621 16,005,670 26,722,047 Michigan 205,000 * 161,174 3,034, 174 2,685,813 236,050 375, 482 1,544,581 2, 490, 467 182,889 229,642 4,029,648 4,509,278 Wisconsin 351,124 285,319 4,897,597 4,526,586 449,489 623,343 2,677,251 4, 107,904 232, 804 337,952 5,055, 204 6,841,633 West North Central: Minnesota 323,948 211, 162 3,842,647 3,299,865 373, 537 565,994 1,952,261 4,254,414 345,614 271,972 6,618>632 5,491,658 Iowa 564, 219 592,076 8,714,358 12,242,609 509,003 1,290,279 3,836,951 14, 413,585 1,293,062 1,600,596 39,945,438 .55, 198, 471 Missouri 306,951 312,749 5, 198, 647 6,040,589 296, 475 633,317 2,508,087 6,943,267 794, 945 942,939 25,864,100 29,906,040 North Dakota 104, 203 69,338 1,550,721 1,379,518 130,683 156,420 875,807 1,540,116 130, 193 198,027 3, 289, 498 5,387,354 South Dakota 194, 580 167,607 2,845,771 3,347, 421 205,507 343,141 1,352,522 3,782,871 410,255 495, 133 11,014,703 14,324,949 Nebraska 363,661 345,275 5,536,493 7,413,817 364,958 754,500 2,439,504 8,757,661 880, 459 889,899 26,357,920 28,5.53,180 Kansas 336, 417 447,295 5,090,525 9,112,935 382,248 923, 462 2,640,408 10,630, 929 1,048,673 1,583,940 33,110,415 50,839,787 South Atlantic: Deiaware 5,260 5,373 85,928 91,933 7, 153 9,363 72,031 83,940 3,368 4,987 96, 152 124,513 Maryland 27,226 28,930 407, 692 495, 742 39,064 55, 465 335,659 453,971 35,786 51, 477 1,132,304 1,345,190 District of Columbia 50 76 1,742 1,357 52 69 1,366 605 23 28 3,662 1,160 Virginia 94, 709 71,952 1,232,807 1,029,057 83,926 162,053 633, 193 1,273,728 233,894 268,896 7,075, 166 7,085,640 West Virginia 75,503 60,268 1,123, 158 990,655 59,518 134, 107 422, 136 1, 102, 228 181,988 202, 936 5,207,857 6,374,963 North Carolina 88, 187 68,732 775,949 561,321 89,066 142,686 398,094 549, 844 107, 646 118,840 2,074,684 1,454,347 South Carolina 51,928 33,879 454, 482 291,705 48,291 87,734 225,057 361,454 42, 461 52,366 721,644 611,699 Georgia 126,554 93,585 893, 207 680, 407 153,886 211,579 661, 368 770,968 140,928 154,251 1,529,790 1,248,(J17 Florida 76, 480 70,445 651, 425 458,458 94,253 138,393 554,400 586,919 121,907 177,881 1,394,869 1,, 565, 201 East South Central: Kentucky 123', 791 . 104, 861 1,853,379 1,880, 432 102, 493 250,502 812,882 2, 480,227 261,587 312, 115 7,289,713 8,749,627 Tennessee 132, 649 94,224 1,536,217 1,243, 158 114, 187 236,000 698, 481 1,606,949 231, 542 210,723 4,329,771 3,4.51,943 Alabama 131, 179 83,027 873,908 703,459 115,487 213,397 454, 175 826,805 141,092 147, 487 1,806, 707 1,753,241 Mississippi 143, 196 89,985 1,095,043 899,800 150,089 238,601 689,352 1, 157, 630 148,507 159,823 2,027,629 2,258,697 West South Central: Arkansas 137,849 103,555 1,211,494 1,064,074 109, 240 254,473 822, 170 1,418,901 146, 128 144,373 1,787, 440 1,768,028 Louisiana 102,995 66,076 877,042 620,250 120,461 169,825 622,073 817,872 103, 433 124,810 1,330,514 1,607,317 Oklahoma 202,337 2 224,703 2,650,755 2 3,661,837 261,194 2 536,220 1,690,424 *5,302,544 619, 676 *1,396,896 15,236,066 *33,811,561 Texas 716,943 954,835 8,828,095 13,473,384 722,302 2, 148, 261 5,048,951 19,528,804 1,666,626 2,094, 197 37,741,205 43,569,763 Mountain: Montana 100,784 97,899 1,965,734 2,002, 199 82,626 187,533 793,113 2, 229,419 260,700 326,406 8, 401, 168 9,972,841 Idaho 53,727 40,398 851,588 762,889 49,289 86,398 373,546 883,908 85,379 84,203 2,210,866 2, 180, 182 Wyoming 83,896 67,888 1,658,749 1,549, 469 45,987 126, 770 472, 620 1,788,934 254, 530 229, 495 8,567,389 7,402,798 Colorado 114,815 151,627 2,054,943 3,150,858 86,201 269, 154 710, 698 3, 130, 465 355,242 429,382 10, (>43,645 11, 639, 675 New Mexico 121,018 114,045 1,682, 450 1,766,334 49,381 188, 762 387, 193 1,989,648 191,387 109,412 4,068,904 3,857,877 Arizona 93, 113 73, 437 1,287,024 981,818 57,887 135, 181 406,341 1, 133, 178 178, 129 158,333 3,357,651 2, 792,813 Utah 50,120 40, 461 685, 560 681,040 33,042 78,940 235,357 729,551 61,135 61,535 1,263,869 1,352,033 Nevada 53, 441 44,967 789, 125 792,272 28,434 81,061 215, no 851,851 121,683 92, 170 2,824, 427 2, 416, 789 Pacific: ! Washington 51,995 44,113 844,480 805,325 57,188 105, 130 421,618 889,058 44,831 80,053 1,286,846 1,946,963 1 Oregon 83, 102 78,028 1,245,353 1,380, 105 76,238 168,323 529,317 1,536, 473 150,713 147, 805 3,891,260 3,595,879 j CaUfomia 1 218, 480 148,289 3,448,595 2,696, 263 267,799 329, 430 1,883,523 2,796,201 485,712 355,210 12,830,672 8,660,719 2 Includes Indian Territory. 318 AJ3ISTJUCT OF TllF CENSUS— AGIUCULTURE ALL CATTLE ON FARMS. NUMIJER, BY STATES: ABRIL 15, 1910. -r- X •• I • ® • 9 • MINN ® ' f®V . S. DAK. • • h * ® I A. «. -'{90m9i> 9 0 0 9 9 'A® IOWA 9 * NEBR. • 7 ^A®. 999 0909 •ooV \vj. *• » I i**.* i*»«,.*»» '*** 'i 9 • ® • . 999 I ' ®OKLA.® I 9® N. MEx, L® ® 9 9 9 ® (5 ' ,_l9 9 9 .y. . ^— X .v,xv, \ • ®% • /• • 'v / -A 9 9 9 9 \ <1 O \ \, The heavy lines (— ) show geographic divisions. 9 200,000 caltie. 9 150,000 to 200,000 cattle. 9 100,000 to 150,000 cattle. O 50,000 to 100,000 cattle. O Less than 50,000 cattle. I Lj" DAIRY COWS ON F'ARAIS. NUMBER, BY STATES; APRIL 15. 1910. LIVE STCXUC ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS ON FARMS. 319 United States as a whole. Tho draft animals on farms in the United States consist mainly of horses and mules, comparatively few oxen bemg used. The age classification of horses and mules used in 1910 differed from that em[)loyed in 1 900 in the same way as hi the case of cattle, and the (diange in tho date of enumeration also affects the returns. The data are. however, somewhat more nearly comparable than those for cattle, because a much larger proportion of horses and mules are of mature age. The following statement shows the definitions of the classes at each census and the number reported for the United States as a whole in each class, and also the totals for asses and burros: Table 15 1910 (April 15). 1900 (June 1). NOMINAL INCREASE.! Class as defined in schedule. Number. Class as defined in schedule. Corresponding limits of date of birth. Number. > Number. Per cent. Horses, mules, and asses and burros. 24, 148, 580 Horses, mules, and asses and burros. AH horses 21,626,800 2,522,780 11.7 19,833,113 18,207,020 1,566,093 8.6 Bom befcio Jan. I, 1909 Colts born in 1909 Colts born after Jan. 1, 1910 . Over 15i months. 3i to 15i months. Under .IJ months. Horses 2 years old and over Horses 1 and und^r 2 years Colts under 1 year All mules Before Junel, 1898 June 1,1898, to June 1, 1899 After June 1, 1899 17,430,418 1,731,982 612,775 15, 505, 900 1,440,225 1,314,829 1,924,4,52 285, 757 —702,054 12.4 19.8 —53.4 4,209,769 3,204,615 945, 154 29.0 Born before Jan. 1, 1909 Colts born in 1909 Colts born after Jan. 1, 1910 Over 15i months. 3i to 15J months . Under SJ months. Mules 2 years old and over Mules 1 and under 2 years Colts under 1 year Asses and burros (all ages) Before June 1, 1898 Juno 1, 1898, to June 1, 1899. After June 1, 1899 3,787,316 313, 1% 109, 257 2,753,480 279,501 231,028 1,033,830 33,695 -122,371 37.5 12. 1 —52.8 105,098 94, 165 11,533 12.2 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The total number of horses reported as on farms on April 15, 1910, was 19,833,000, as compared with 18.267.000 on June 1, 1900, an increase of 1,566,000, or 8.6 per cent. The numbers of mules at the same dates were 4,210,000 and 3,265,000, respectively, show- ing an increase of 945,000, or 29 per cent. Had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1, however, the increase in both classes would have been somewhat greater on account of the addition of colts born between April 15 and June 1. The number of horse colts under 1 year of age reported bn June 1, 1900, was 1,315,000. Assuming that the rate of increase during the decade in the number of young colts was about the same as the rate for yearlings (about 20 per cent, which, it should be noted, is a greater relative increase than that in older horses) there would have been on June 1, 1910, nearly 1.600.000 horse colts under 1 year of age. Of these, however, a comparatively small number would have been bom between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, and would already be mcluded in the returns for the class of "colts born in 1909.” After de- ducting these there would have remained on June 1, 1910, perhaps between twelve and fourteen hundred thousand colts born after January 1, 1910, or from six to eight hundred thousand more than were re- ported on April 15, 1910 (613,000). Since a certain* number of older horses living on April 15, 1910, would have died before June 1, the addition to the total num- ber of horses of all ages which would have resulted from an enumeration on June 1 would have been perhaps 200,000 less than this addition to the number of colts. Similar calculations in the case of mules indicate the probability that had the enumeration of 1910 been taken as of June 1, there would have been in the neighborhood of 100,000 more mules than were reported for April 15. With respect to animals of the oldest age group, which may be roughly designated as "mature horses” and "mature mules,” the fact that the minimum age limit for the group m 1910 (15| months) was lower than m 1900 (2 years) results m throwing some animals into this group at the* later census which would have been classed as "yearlings” m 1900. Even after de- ducthig these, however, and allowing for animals dying between April 15 and June 1, the increase in mature animals during the decade would doubtless be nearly as great as indicated by the figures of the above table. The actual increase would probably be in the neighborhood of 10 or 11 per cent for mature horses and at least 30 per cent for mature mules. There should be fairly close comparability with re- spect to the older group of colts, which may for convenience be roughly designated by the term "yearlings.” The returns for this group at each census represent animals born dui’ing a period of 12 months. A considerable increase occurred during the decade in this group in the case of both horses and mules. The number of horses reported in 1910 was about four and three-fourths times as great as the number of mules, whereas in 1900 there were about five and one- half times as many horses as mules. Table 16 shows statistics with regard to the value of horses, mules, and asses and burros in the United States as a whole, and the number and percentage of farms reporting these animals. ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 320 'l'ut>Io I<> All horses, 1 mules, ami i asses ami burros. Horses, Mules. Asses ami burros. 1910 — Niiml)cr 24,148,580 19,833,113 4, 209, 709 105,698 $2.b22, 180, 170 $2,083,588,195 $105. 00 $526,391,863 $124.80 $13,200,112 $124.89 Average value $108. 50 Fanirs reporting Fer cent of all farms 4,002,814 73.8 1,869,005 29.4 43,927 0.7 1900— Number 21,025,800' 18,267,020 3,264,615 94, 165 Value $1,008,540,4.54 $890,513,217 $196, 222,053 $5,811,184 Average value $50. 80| $49. 08 $60.11 $61.71 Farms reijorling 4,530,628 1,480, 652 33,584 Fer cent of all farms 1 1 70.0 25.8 0.6 I'liis table shows a remarkable increase in the total value, which in turn is due primarily to the great increase in value per head. The combined value of horses, mules, and asses and burros in 1910 was 138.6 per cent greater than the value in 1900. Divisions and states. — Table 21 (pages 322 and 323) shows, for each geographic division and state, the number and value of horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms, by classes. Table 17 shows certain percentages anti averages, by divisions and sections. Vable 17 DIVISION OR SECTION PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER IN THE UNITED STATES. AVERAGE NUMBER OF HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS. All horses, mules, and asses and burros. All horses. Mature horses.i Yearling horses.' Horse colts. 1 All mules. Mature mules.' Yearling mules.' Mule colts.i All asses and burros. Per 1,000 acres of all land in farms. Per 1,000 acres of improved land. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 i 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 27 26 50 52 New England 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.4 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.6 m (n (n m 0.1 0.1 0.2 18 19 49 48 Middle Atlantic 5.3 6.3 6.2 7.2 6.7 7.7 3.4 4.8 1.8 3.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 30 30 44 44 East North Central 19.3 20.1 22.2 22.6 22.5 22.7 21.5 22.0 18.6 21.3 6.2 6.6 5.8 6.2 9.8 8.0 10.0 10.1 5.1 4.6 40 37 52 50 West North Central 31.2 28.8 34.3 31.0 33.8 30.6 38.4 33.5 37.1 33.7 17.0 16.4 14.9 13.8 30.4 29.0 34.3 32.4 21.1 16.5 32 31 46 46 South Atlantic 7.7 7.5 5.6 5.9 5.8 6.2 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.3 17.8 17.0 19.4 19.1 3.3 7.4 2.5 4.0 3.2 2.4 18 16 38 35 East South Central 9.0 9.5 5.8 6.5 5.8 6.7 5.4 4.9 6.9 5.8 23.8 26.1 24.4 26.3 18.7 25.0 18.5 24.9 14.9 18.8 27 25 49 51 West Soutli Central 15.2 14.8 11.8 12.3 11.8 12.2 11.1 11.8 15.1 13.1 30.6 28.8 31.0 29.6 26.2 25.1 29.3 23.4 28.2 23.7 22 18 63 80 Mountain 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.3 6.7 6.4 9.6 12.2 8.5 11.9 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.7 23.7 29.8 25 30 94 164 Pacific 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.7 7.2 5.4 2.2 2.9 2.1 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.9 22 22 51 56 The North 57. 3 56.9 64.4 62.9 64.9 63.4 63.8 61.2 57.7 59.5 24.5 24.5 22.0 21.5 46.7 38.5 44.5 43.1 27.0 22.3 33 32 48 47 The South 31.9 31.8 23.2 24.6 23.4 25.1 20.9 20.9 26.6 23.2 72.2 71.8 74.8 74.9 48.2 57.4 50.3 52.3 46.2 45.0 22 19 51 55 The West 10.8 11.2 12.3 12.5 11.7 11.6 15.3 17.9 15.7 17.3 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.6 5.1 4.1 5.2 4.6 26.8 32.7 24 26 69 90 East of the Mississippi River 42.8 4.5.2 41.6 44.2 42.7 45.6 35.2 36.8 32.0 35.8 49.1 51.1 51.0 53.0 32.3 41.8 31.2 39.7 24.0 27.0 28 27 47 46 West of the Mississippi River 57.2 54.8 58.4 55.8 57.3 54.4 64.8 63.2 68.0 $4.2 50.9 48.9 49.0 47.0 67.7 58.2 68.8 60.3 76.0 73.0 27 25 53 59 > For deftaitioii of these terms at the two censuses, see page 319. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the total number of horses, mules, and asses and burros, considered together, in 1910, 31.2 per cent were reported from the West North, Central division, 19.3 per cent from the East North Central, and 15.2 per cent from the West South Central, these three divisions together containing about two-thirds of the entire number. The North reported 57.3 per cent of the total, the South 31.9 per cent, and the West 10.8 per cent. The geographic distribution of horses is quite dif- ferent from that of mules. Although the use of mules is rapidly increasing in the North, it is in the South that they have been found particularly useful. In the North there were more than twelve times as many horses as mules in 1910, but in the South only about one and one-haK times as many. There is a wide difference among the several geo- graphic divisions in the extent to wliich the breeding of horses and mules is carried on, as is shown by the differences between the distribution of "mature” ani- mals and that of "yearlings ” and "colts,” and still more clearly by a comparison of the ratios which the num- bem of "colts” or "yearlings” reported from the several divisions bear to the numbei’s of mature animals re- ported from the same divisions. At the census of 1910, the number of yearhng hoises (that is, those born during the year 1909) was equal in New England to only 2.9 ])or cent of the number of mature horses and in the Middle Atlantic division to only 5 per cent, whereas in the West North Central division the ratio was 11.3 per cent, in the Pacific division 11.4 percent, and in the Mountain division 14.2 per cent. The average number of horses, mules, and asses and burros combined, in 1910, to each 1,000 acres of land in farms in the country as a whole was 27, and the aver- age number to each 1,000 acres of improved land was 50. The East North Central division shows the largest number (40) per 1,000 acres of all land in farms, and the New England and South Atlantic divisions stand lowest, with 18 in each case. The number per 1,000 acres of improved land ranged from 94 in the Mountain division to 38 in the South Atlantic. Table 18 shows, by divisions and sections, the increase or decrease from 1900 to 1910 in the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros. Separate data for colts are not given as they have little signifi- cance, but the totals include colts. In the number of horses, mules, and asses and bur- ros combined an increase took place between Juno 1, *1900, and April 15, 1910, in all the geographic divi- sions except the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions. Much the greatest increase, both absolute and relative, was in the West North Central division, but there was also a very conspicuous increase (mainly in mules) in the West South Central division. The number of mules increased in every geographic divi- sion except the Pacific. LIVE STOLE (^N FARMS AND EI.Sl'^WHERE 321 Tabl« Itt INCREASE IN NUMBER, JUNE 1, 1900, TO APRIL 15, 1910.' All honses mule.s. Uorses. .Mule-s. All a.s.se8 and nVLSION OR SECTION. burros. All horses. Mature horses.a Fearlings.s All mules. Mature mules.* Ycarling.s.2 • Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per her. cent. her. cent. bcr. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. her. cent. Halted States 2,522,780 11.7 1,566,093 8.6 1,924,452 12.4 285,757 19.8 945,154 29.0 1,033,830 37.5 33,695 12.1 11,533 12.2 New England -30,640 -7.9 -30. 941 -8.0 -21,219 -5.8 -3,329 -25.0 334 23.9 590 55.0 -50 -48.5 -33 -18.3 Middle Atlantic -77,873 -5.7 -83,757 -6.4 -33,218 -2.8 -11,400 -16.4 6,156 13.3 9,974 24.5 -2, 579 -62.8 -272 -28.4 East North Central 323, 989 7.5 278,988 6.8 392,044 11.1 53, 823 16.9 43,885 20.4 47,999 28.3 8,288 36.9 1,116 25.9 West North Ontral 1,309,873 21.0 1,122,384 19.8 1, 152, 761 24.3 181,220 37.4 180,815 33.8 185, 153 48.8 33,123 40.9 6,674 42.8 South Atlantic 235, 317 14 4 40, 117 3.7 52,890 5.5 15,530 25.5 194, 128 35.0 211,055 40.2 -10,370 -50.5 1,072 46.6 East South Central 109,741 5.3 -41,440 -3.5 -29,720 -2.9 22,291 31.7 153, 153 18.0 201,652 27.9 -11,059 -15.9 -1,972 -11.1 West South Central 465,302 14.5 110,305 4.9 162,394 8.6 21,106 12.4 347,591 37.0 357,665 43.9 12, 055 17.2 7,406 33.1 Mountain 121,530 8.8 102,481 7.7 173,798 17.5 -10,204 -5.8 22, 128 82.5 20,625 10.8 3,724 10.0 -3,079 -11.0 Pacific 65,541 6.2 67,956 7.1 74,722 9.4 16,720 20.2 -3,036 -3.2 -883 -1.1 563 7.2 621 23.1 The North. 1,525,349 12.4 1,286,674 11.2 1,490,368 15.2 220,314 24.9 231,190 29.0 243,716 41.3 38,782 36.0 7,485 35.6 The South 810,360 11.8 108,982 2.4 185,564 4.S 58,927 19.5 694, 872 29.6 770,372 37.3 -9,374 -5.8 6,606 15.4 The West 187,071 7.7 170, 437 7.5 248, 520 13.9 6,516 2.5 19,092 15.7 19,742 19.8 4,287 37.2 -2, 458 -8.0 Ea.st of the Missis.sippi River. 560, 534 5.7 162,967 2.0 360,777 5.1 76,915 14.5 397,656 23.8 471.270 32.3 -15,770 -13.5 -89 -0.3 West of the Mississippi River. 1 , 962, 246 16.6 1,403,126 13.8 1,563,675 18.5 208,842 22.8 547, 498 34.3 562,560 43.5 49,465 30.4 11,622 16.9 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrea.se. 2 For definition of these classes at the two censuses, see page 319. The following table shows the average value per head of the various classes in 1910 and 1900. In compar- ing the averages for the two censuses the differences in classification should be kept in mind. Table 11) AVERAGE VALUE PER HEAD. DIVISION. Horses.' Mules.' All asses and burros. All horses. Ma- ture horses. Year- lings. Colts. All mules. Ma- ture mules. Year- lings. Colts. United States: 1910 1900 $105. 06 49.08 $112. 36 53.03 $58. 82 33.40 $33. 68 19. 70 $124. 80 60. 11 $131. 49 $73. 04 64. 74| 42.06 $41. 51 26. 78 $124. 89 61. 71 New England: 1910 124. 19 126.00 69. 01 49.35 163.64 167. 01 87. 26 43.46 87.23 1900 69. 59 70.84 55.76 32.42 67.17 75.47 54. 22 32. 61 33.04 Middle Atlantic: 1910 130. 21 133. 93 72.69 43.92 146.83 149. 02 85.45 41.43 126. 97 1900 73.48 76.23 56. 38 31.96 75.46 78.43 58.49 34. 61 E. North Central: 1910 111.17 117. 71 65.68 34.57 121.05 131.66 75. 11 39. 12| 38. 93 ' 176.69 1900 55. 97 59. 71 42.66 24.08 57. 91 63. 56 44.48 29. 69 85.84 W.North Central: 1910 1900 110.91 50. 30 119.56 54.67 61.13 34. 54 33.24 20. 84 126. 47 56.17 141.61 64.71 79.20 42. 14 42. 48^ 28. 15 221.90 118.83 South Atlantic: 1910 109.22 114.89 62. 18 34.29' 143.87 145.26 71.98 38.44 140.59 1900 55. 93 58.83 40. 74 23.42 68. 52 69. 89 50. 87 29.93 93.97 E. South Central: 1910 103.16 108. 57 68.94 1 48. 59 124.63 129. 35 76. 78 47. 94 149.22 1900 53. 13 65.32 45.71 30. 15 64.12 68.64 46.09 29.13 85.54 W. South Central: 1910 77,74 82.96 45.14 31.15^ 112.99 118. 60 62.11 38.15 105.56 1000 30;43 78.91 33. 07 19.09 12.69 54. 81 58. 74 34.82 21.56 61.95 Mountain: 1910 88.27 40. 58 25.07 106. 78 118. 70 60.85 34.04 26. 39 1900 23.43 27.33 14.90 8.31 37. 33 42.84 29.23 18.74 8. 19 175.22 76. 37 Pacific: 1910 1900 99.85 36.77 108. 73 40.49 53.47 21.14 31.51 13.20 130. 38 53.39 140.93 57.61 71.95 37.28 39 . 18 20. 76 ' For definition of the subclasses at the two censuses, see page 319. In the United States as a whole the average value of all horses per head in 1910 was $105.06, as compared with $124.80 per head for mules. The average value of “mature horses” increased from $53.03 per head in 1900 to $112.36 in 1910, and that of “mature mules” increased from $64.74 to $131.49. Even in the case of “yearlings” and “ colts” the average value was much higher at the later census than at the earlier, notwithstanding the fact that the average age of the animals classed in these groups was lower. Increase in average values appeared in all of the geo- graphic divisions for all of the age groups. The average value of “ mature horses ” ranged in 1910 from $82.96 in the West South Central division to $133 93 in the Middle Atlantic, and that of “ ma- ture mules” from $118.60 in the West South Central division to $167.01 in New England. Table 20 presents a comparison of the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros for the last four censuses. Horse and mule colts are excluded in order to make the figures more nearly comparable, but they are still not precisely comparable, the figures for 1910 being relatively too large because of the lower age limit of the colts excluded. There was a rapid increase in the combined number from 1880 to 1890, but only a comparatively moderate increase during the last two decades. Table 20 DIVISION. HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS (EXCLUDING HORSE AND MULE COLTS). HORSES (EXCLUDING COLTS). MULES AND ASSES AND BURROS (EXCLUDING MULE COLTS). 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 1910 1900 1890 1880 United States 23,426,548 20, 079,343 ‘17,681,318 12, 170,296 19,220,338 16,952, 191 '15,266,244 10,357,488 4,206,210 3, 127, 152 2,315,074 1, 812, 808 New England 355.667 379, 708 370, 106 325.562 353,804 378,352 368, 849 ,324,066 1,863 1,356 1,257 1,496 Middle Atlantic 1,271,362 1,308,857 1,412,441 1, 268, 138 1, 218, 425 1, 263, 013 1,370,015 1,230,885 52,937 45,814 42,426 37,253 East North Central 4,541,623 4,038,353 4, 108,809 3, 278, 968 4, 287, 697 3,841,830 3, 912, 858 3,072, 210 253, 926 196, 523 195,951 206,758 West North Central 7,267,431 5,704,263 15 , 122,717 2, 727, 862 6,566,754 5,228,536 1 4,661,006 2,394,821 700, 677 475, 727 461,711 333,041 South Atlantic 1,832, 861 1,562.684 1,298,151 1, 148, 183 1,082,963 1,014,543 880,758 801,239 749, 898 .548, 141 417,393 346,944 East South Central 2,101,765 1,920,573 1, 636, 298 1, 405, 536 1, 102, 457 1, 109, 886 989,455 865,020 999,308 810, 687 646,843 540,510 West South Central . . 3,540,460 2,972,960 1 1.921,647 1,352,570 2,266,357 2, 065. 983 ' 1,472,506 1,056,367 1,284,103 906,977 449, 141 296,303 Mountain 1,447,067 1,219,247 1 848,385 224,0.39 1,374,904 1,168,3.54 ‘ 809, 671 205,209 72, 163 50,893 38,714 18,830 Pacific 1,068,312 972,698 1 862, 704 439,438 970,977 881,604 I 801, 126 407,665 91,335 91,034 61,638 31,773 72497°— 13 21 ' Includes estimated number of horses on public ranges. 1 2 3 4 b 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IG 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 68 59 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE OF HORSES AND [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change In classification.] Table :^l ALL HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS. ALL HORSES. DIVISION OR STATE. N umber. Value. N umber. Value. • 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 24, 148, 680 21, 626, 800 92,622,180, 170 $1,088, $46,464 I 19, 833, 113 18,267,020 >$2,083,688, 185 $896,513,217 Oeoorapiiic divisions: New England 356,631 387,271 44,363,827 26,939,945 354,755 385, 696 44,058,076 26,840,293 Middle Atlantic 1,282,787 1,860,660 167,894,687 100,033,054 1,229,686 1,313,443 160,111,303 96,509,032 East North Central 4,666,291 4,342,302 521,653,264 243,575, 108 4,401,442 4, 122,454 489,290,485 230,724,366 West North Central 7,632,378 6,222,605 848,994,801 317,214,620 1 6,794, 192 5,671,808 1 763,512,291 285,306,326 South Atlantic 1,863,817 1,628,600 229,632,663 98,157,231 1,111, 187 1,071,070 121,359, 125 59,905,516 East South Central 2, 164, 134 2,054,393 246,627,291 119,072,930 1, 144,599 1, 186,039 118,071,299 63,019,031 West South Central 3, 666, 167 3, 199,865 331,109,901 120,965,695 1 2,349,029 2,238,724 > 182,618,200 68, 126,207 Moimtain 1,501,023 1,379,493 118,493,632 32,268,440 ' 1,427,057 1,324,576 1 112,606,228 31,036,960 Pacific 1,116,352 1,060,811 114,620,214 40,319,431 I 1,021,166 953,210 >101,961,188 35,046,487 New England: Maine 107,954 106,700 14,440,920 7,079,288 107,574 106,299 14,364,756 7,058,989 New Hampshire 46,464 54,990 6,297,662 3,848,307 46,229 54,866 5,266,389 3,840,670 Vermont 81,232 85,887 8,646,936 5,342,359 80,781 85,631 8,691,357 5,319,697 Massachusetts 64,672 75,383 8,717, 169 5,848,851 64,283 75,034 8,671,997 5,826,457 Rhode Island 9,621 11,433 1,436,962 983,993 9,547 11,390 1,424, 177 980,948 Connecticut 46,798 52,878 5,815,178 3,837, 147 46,341 52, 576 5,739,400 3,813,632 Middle Atlantic: New York 595,344 632,089 80,722,061 48,216,212 591,008 628,438 80,043,302 47,977,931 New Jersey 93,016 98,966 12,639,660 7,938,766 88,922 94,024 12,012,512 7,582,274 Pennsylvania 594,427 629, 616 74,522,966 43,879,076 549,756 590,981 68,055,489 40,948,827 East North Central: Ohio 933,662 896,226 101,748,029 61,119,437 910,224 878,205 98,910, 638 60,159,245 Indiana 897,458 819,440 97,087,699 44,475,215 813,644 751,715 87, 118, 468 40,641,988 Illinois 1,603,683 1,477,392 182,071,929 77,341,768 1,462,887 1,350,219 163,363,400 69,698,100 Michigan 613,966 589,570 71,830,231 36,070,226 610,033 586,559 71,312,474 36,908,657 Wisconsin 617,722 560, 674 68,916,366 34,568,473 614,654 555,766 68,585,605 34,316,476 West North Central: Minnesota 759, 178 704,969 89,824,462 43,763,099 763,184 696,469 89,068,872 42, 255,044 Iowa 1,649,364 1,450,162 185,831,164 81,468,106 1,492,226 1,392,573 177,999,124 77,720,577 Missouri 1,428,964 1,259,333 160,469,138 68,688,989 1,073,387 967,037 113,976,563 42,094,814 North Dakota 668,427 366, 924 84,633,655 23, 218, 108 650,599 359,948 83,461,739 22,728,511 South Dakota 682, 119 487,767 76,183, 223 20,450,317 1 669, 362 480,768 1 73,442,978 20,085,687 Nebraska 1,093,901 851,174 113,626,618 39,951,676 > 1,008,378 795,318 i 102,804,907 36,663,359 Kansas 1,360,425 1,102,186 139,426,561 50,694,426 1,147,066 979, 696 112,758,108 43,768,334 South Atlantic: Delaware 39,018 34,482 4,219,899 2,113,871 33,065 29,722 3,461,791 1,767,025 Maryland 178,206 166,674 19,866, 498 10,764,026 155,438 148,994 16,787,487 9,362,694 District of Columbia 617 935 60,886 63,412 564 854 55, 026 67,362 Virginia 391, 229 346,408 42,574,780 18,320,400 330,424 298,522 34,867,610 16,326,404 West Virginia 191,868 196,668 19,948,697 11,116,918 179,991 185, 188 18,683,381 10,376,550 North Carolina 341,879 295,688 42,260,375 17,542,369 166,151 169, 153 18,428,134 8,795,611 South Carolina 235,719 196, 035 34,040,450 13,284,779 79,847 78, 419 10, 147, 178 4,846,903 Georgia 416, 180 335, 247 58,249,853 21,592,900 120,067 127, 407 14,193,839 7,092,228 Florida 69, 101 56,673 8,411,225 3,368,656 45,640 42,811 4,864,699 2,290,139 East South Central: Kentucky 672,754 647,621 72,046,486 36,113,305 443,034 451,697 44,796,120 24,548,642 Tennessee 633,553 614, 897 76,495,920 36,685,769 349,709 352,388 39,320,044 19,681,617 Alabama 384,064 346,532 45,372,248 21,145,589 135,636 162,643 13,661,284 7,906,121 Mississippi 473,773 446,343 52,612,637 26, 228, 267 216, 220 229,311 20,303,851 10,882,851 West South Central: Arkansas 480,014 431,070 50,749,974 20,376,384 254,716 263,590 23, 162, 209 10, 164, 495 Louisiana . 313,371 339,026 27,484,883 17,313,284 181,286 194,372 11,789,695 6,624,617 Oklahoma 1,005,748 5 636,648 93,151,190 2 22,788,578 1 742,959 2 621,330 >63,651,661 >16,839,012 Texas 1,806,034 1,793,122 169,723,854 60,487,449 1 1,170,068 1,269,432 • 84,024,636 34, 497,083 Mountain: Montana 320,290 332,829 27,616,223 7,907,421 > 315, 956 329,972 1 27,115,764 7,788,672 Idaho 202,155 172,276 20,413,716 4,204,618 ‘ 197,772 170,120 > 19,832,423 4,123,343 Wyoming 168,348 137,184 12,703, 100 3,280,842 > 166,062 135,543 12,426,838 3,226,196 Colorado 312,007 248.843 29,318,193 7,080, 283 I 294,035 236,646 i 27,382,926 7,308,726 New Me.xico 200,314 162,366 9,494,358 2, 468,129 1 179,626 131,163 > 7,808,314 2,220,469 Arizona 110,645 183,765 4,682,267 1,857,006 ‘ 99, 578 126,063 > 4, 209, 726 1,701,905 Utah 119,113 118,888 10,225,578 3,470,718 > 115,676 116,884 >9,999,838 3,396,313' Nevada 72, 151 83,343 4,040,197 1,386,823 1 68, 453 80,295 >3,770,402 1,272,336 Pachtc: Washington 292,930 246,835 31,539,551 8, 705,100 1 280,672 243,985 1 29,680,849 8,650,434 Oregon 282,183 296,683 26,517,708 9,011,732 ‘ 271,708 287,932 1 25,181,143 8,661,060 California 541,239 508, 293 56,462,955 22,602,699 > 468,886 421,293 1 47,099,196 17,844,993 ' Include* unclatsified animals. * Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE 323 MULES, BY AGE GROUPS, AND OF ASSES AND BURROS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change In clossiilcation.] MATURE HORSES. TKARUNG HORSES. HORSE COLTS. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1010 1900 1910 1000 1910 1900 1 17,430,418 15,505,966 $1,968,554, 817 $822,317,707 1, 731, 982 1, 446, 226 $101, 883, 668 $48, 298, 839 612,776 1,314,829 $20, 635, 831 $26, 8S6, $71 2 343,826 365,045 43,322,612 25,800,181 9,978 13,307 688,532 742,021 951 7,344 46,932 238,091 3 1, 160, 154 1,193,372 155,380,823 90,970,287 58,271 69,671 4,235,865 3,927,904 11,261 50,400 494, 615 1,610,841 4 3,915,956 3,523,912 460,941,612 210,406,428 371,741 317,918 24,416,182 13,561, 186 113,745 280,624 3,932,691 6,756,751 6 5,896,776 4,744,015 705,002,648 259,332, 434 665,741 484,621 40,695,232 16,736,828 227,438 443,272 7,569,473 9,237,064 6 1,006,489 953,599 115,636, 163 56,098,624 76,474 60,944 4,756,036 2,482,859 28,224 56,527 967,927 1,324,033 7 1,009,795 1,039,515 109,635, 147 57,505,865 92,662 70,371 6,388,491 3,216,928 42, 142 76, 153 2,047,601 2,290,238 8 2,057,662 1,895,268 170,709,873 62,673,946 191,821 170,715 8,658,033 3,259,602 92,672 172,741 2,886,634 2, 191, 659 9 1,166,007 992,209 102,922,196 27,114,567 166,941 176, 145 6,734,082 2,624,805 52, 163 156,222 1,307,304 1,297,588 10 873,753 799,031 95,003,843 32,355,375 99,353 82,633 5,312,216 1,746,506 44, 189 71,540 1,392,594 944,606 11 103,505 99,510 14,076,531 6,778,904 3,705 3,955 270,476 201,548 364 2,834 17,749 78,537 12 46,073 52, 621 5, 192,538 3,726,007 1,081 1,543 70,269 90,816 75 702 3,582 23,847 13 77,043 79, 190 8,381,854 5,072,032 3,513 3,852 200, 625 181,727 225 2,489 8,878 65,838 14 63, 161 71,937 8,676,453 5, 619, 159 948 2,298 86,054 160, 121 174 799 9,490 47, 177 15 9,434 11,120 1,411,234 962,429 93 179 10,833 13,779 20 91 2,110 4, 740 16 45, 610 50,667 5,684,002 3,701,660 638 1,480 50,276 94,030 93 429 5, 123 17,952 17 562,310 578,378 78,032,682 45,556,014 25,083 30,033 1,851,349 1,771,023 3,615 20,027 159,271 650, 894 18 86,032 89, 144 11,725,066 7,188,643 2,207 3,064 201,762 240,380 683 1,826 85, 695 153,251 19 511,812 526, 850 65,623,086 38,225,630 30,981 36,584 2, 182,754 1,916,501 6,963 28,547 249,649 806, 696 20 814,507 755.549 93,373,221 45,725,947 73,520 67,332 4,787,578 3,037,402 22,197 55,324 749,839 1,395,896 21 714,091 644,469 81,433,050 36,968,203 71,863 54,820 4,714,861 2,366,668 27,690 52,426 970,557 1,308,117 22 1,264,202 1,126,875 162,396,336 62,604,632 138,447 115,377 9,210,361 4,576,418 50,238 107,967 1,766,703 2,518,050 23 560,936 517,135 68,278,456 33,460,482 41,474 38,406 2,775,466 1,711,541 7,623 31,018 258,562 746,534 24 562,220 479,884 65,460,549 31,657,164 46,437 41,983 2,927,926 1,871,157 5,997 33, 889 197,030 788, 154 25 675,509 599,566 84,779,112 39, 252, 715 63,069 51,399 3,840,249 2,031,557 14,606 45,504 449,511 970, 772 26 1,289,973 1,134,457 165,638,084 69,370, 107 159,679 133,589 10, 873, 661 5,359,392 42,674 124,627 1,487,389 2,991,078 27 932,269 845,646 105,664,793 38, 747, 179 103,616 63, 214 6,820,643 2,070,506 37,503 68,177 1,691,127 1.277,129 28 564,313 299,192 78, 762, 790 21,054,668 61,671 32, 131 3,873,396 1,127,100 24,615 28,625 825,554 546, 743 29 571,800 380,985 68,788,279 18,015,647 69,966 52, 659 3,759,940 1,369,292 23,723 47,124 667,460 700, 748 30 870,111 055,460 96,141,203 33,061,792 100,804 73,082 5,547,013 2,316,583 37,099 66, 776 1,088,946 1,284,984 31 992,801 828, 709 105,328,287 39,830,326 106,937 78,447 5,980,341 2,462,398 47,318 72,539 1,449,480 1,466,610 32 29, 632 26,229 3,285,872 1,641,088 2,311 1,903 133,793 84,427 1,122 1,590 32,126 42,110 33 137,278 130.114 15,886,073 8,666.416 12,318 9,938 723,072 455,204 6,842 8,942 178,322 231,074 34 563 814 54, 970 55,297 24 1,476 1 16 56 35 288,859 258,974 32,662,971 14,104,537 29,972 20,291 1,891,589 780,009 11,693 19, 267 413,050 441,858 36 159,557 160,^78 17,419,881 9,610,189 16,973 12,963 1,047,242 501,504 3,461 11,947 116,258 264,857 37 155,949 147,419 17,846,638 8,430,064 6,834 5,927 459,952 233,882 3,368 5,807 122,544 131,675 38 76,971 72,530 9,971,960 4,616,538 2,134 3, 188 146,949 161,587 742 2,701 28,269 69, 778 39 114,665 118,864 13,880,677 6,802,754 3,918 4,626 263,141 189,539 1,484 4,028 60,121 99.935 40 43,015 38,387 4,738,221 2,172,751 2,014 2,186 99,297 75,232 611 2,239 17,181 42, 156 41 387,795 400,283 41,190,070 22,067,785 38,089 24,927 2,737,998 1,428,700 17,150 26,487 868,052 1,062,057 42 300,327 305,426 36,981,004 18,024,501 32,698 23,109 2,467,838 993,396 16,684 23,853 871,202 663,620 43 125,264 136,073 13,110,386 7,403,611 7,347 7,846 425,172 299,118 3,025 8,724 115,727 203,492 44 196,409 197,733 19,363,688 10,020,068 14,528 14,489 757,483 495, 714 5,283 17,089 192,680 367, 069 45 228,479 222,596 21,878,918 9,493,685 17,382 14,179 939,768 381,735 8,855 16,816 333,523 289,075 46 164,604 168,786 11,296,815 6,184,115 11,210 12,076 368,084 274, 190 5,472 13,510 124,796 166,312 47 643,418 2 426,708 59,223,145 2 15, 222,462 64,996 2 47,635 3,295,586 2 980, 188 34,111 2 46,987 1,110,190 3 636,372 48 1,021,161 1,077,178 78,310,995 31,773,694 98,233 96,825 4,064,695 1,623,489 44,234 95,429 1,318,125 1,099,900 49 251,134 245,284 24,411,464 6,584,595 41,491 44,850 1,785,979 839,334 11,717 39,838 296,478 364,743 50 162,711 131,076 18, 185,360 3, 708, 771 22,449 20,a32 1,166,362 278,326 8,450 18,212 269,486 136,246 51 127,275 99,077 11,259,690 2,783,644 20,638 19, 754 840, 676 297,109 5,078 16,712 137, 177 144,443 52 254,681 185,541 25,655,649 6, 487,282 29,601 27,360 1,419,805 530, 164 9,388 23,645 271,777 291,280 53 145,151 97,937 7, 128, 138 1,943,884 17,500 16,550 369, 739 177,458 4,468 16,666 63,713 99,127 54 74, 788 83,804 3,681,400 1,466,417 11,276 22,283 256,106 152,878 5,775 18,976 79,422 82, 610 55 94,290 90,974 9,149,915 3,026,122 14,070 13,515 660,117 247,348 4,541 11,395 132,091 122,843 56 56,077 58,516 3,450,674 1,113,852 8,916 11,001 236,298 102, 188 2,736 10, 778 58,160 56.296 57 241,624 191,314 27,839,750 7, 794, 016 27,272 30,312 1,498,683 502, 760 11,071 22,359 325,941 253,65$ 58 229,545 234,112 23,393,536 7,903,406 30, 154 27, 682 1,424,342 480,133 10,081 26, 138 299,005 267,521 59 402,584 373,605 43,770,557 16,657,953 41,927 24,639 2,389,191 763,613 23,037 23,049 767, 648 423,427 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE 3 ‘2 4 HOUSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND UURROS ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE OF HORSES AND MULES, [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] Tabl» 1— Continued. DIVIHION OR .STATE. ALL UULEfl. MATURE MULES. Number. Valne. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 I TTnlted States 4,209,769 3, 264, 615 $625,391,863 $196. 222, 053 3,787,316 2,753,486 $497,982,330 $178,264,738 (lEOOBAPHIC divisions: 2 New England 1,729 1,395 282,928 93,704 1,663 1,073 277,738 80,977 3 Middle Atlantic 52,416 46,260 7,696,310 .3,490,899 50,723 40,749 7,558,858 3, 195,748 4 East North Central 259, 423 215,538 .31,404,071 12,^0,773 217, 775 169,776 28,671,206 10,790,212 5 West North Central 715,932 535, 117 90,544,355 30,056,974 564,315 379, 162 79.913,033 24,534,007 6 South Atlantic 749.257 555,129 107,799,330 38,0.35,487 736,343 525,288 106,961,436 36,711, 925 7 East South Central 1,003,804 850,651 125, 108, 538 54, 539, 552 924,878 723,226 119,631,758 49,644,973 8 West South Central 1,286,378 938,787 145,350,358 51,455,760 1,172,265 814,600 1.39,030,282 47,849,727 9 Mountain 48,957 26,829 5,227,444 1,001,561 39,700 19,075 4,712,502 817, 144 10 Pacific 91,873 94,909 11,978,529 5,067,343 79,654 80, 537 11,225,517 4,640.025 New England: 11 Maine .358 353 72, 446 19,530 342 240 71,431 15,885 12 New Hampshire 195 97 29,681 6,072 186 72 28,836 5,210 13 •Vermont 429 331 53,540 21,847 405 280 51,615 19,902 14 Massachusetts 268 298 43,385 20,685 259 214 42,905 16,945 15 Rhode Island 63 38 11,155 2,835 63 36 11,155 2,770 16 Connecticut 416 278 72,721 22,735 409 231 71,796 20,285 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 4,052 3,313 650,497 229, 172 3,840 2,939 633,272 213,850 18 New Jersey 4,041 4,888 621, 774 354,037 3,960 4,499 616,389 330,370 19 P6nn.sylTania 44,323 38,059 6,424,039 2,907,690 42,923 33,311 6,309, 197 2,651,528 East North Central: 20 Ohio 22,850 16,771 2,775,831 941,211 20,904 13,986 2,656,354 834,442 -21 Indiana 82,168 66,717 9,678,014 3,717,083 69,493 52,232 8,849,572 3,176,375 22 Illinois 147,833 124,644 18,140,335 7,420,511 121,459 97, 646 16,396,322 6,433,775 •23 Michigan 3,700 2,916 493,825 158, 475 3,329 2,379 469,927 141,619 •24 Wisconsin 2,872 4,490 316,066 243, 493 2,599 3, 5.33 299, 031 204,001 West North Central: 25 Minnesota 5,775 8,339 732, 723 486,580 5,213 6,804 697, 451 422,878 26 Iowa 55,524 55,747 7,551,818 3,586,761 46,485 42,452 6,877,871 3, 045, 575 27 Missouri 342,700 283,519 43,438,702 15,482,282 265, 601 194,984 37,683,467 12,401,901 28 North Dakota 7,695 6,880 1,149,001 476,366 7, 164 5,962 1,112, 691 439,514 29 South Dakota 12,424 6,804 1,668,617 345,609 10, 495 5, 143 1,537,901 290,856 30 Nebraska 83,405 55,124 10,374,076 3,171,460 67, 185 42,252 9,353,668 2,695,229 31 Kansa.s 208,409 118, 704 25,629,418 6,507,916 162, 172 81,565 22,649,984 5,238,054 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 5,935 4,745 764, 133 345,401 5,676 4,349 748,326 322,021 33 Maryland 22,667 17,511 3,043,581 1,394,522 21,498 15,970 2,967,983 1,312,922 34 District of Columbia 5.3 81 5,860 6,050 53 81 5,860 6,050 35 •Virginia 60, •322 47, 474 7,595,516 2,941,765 56,016 40,399 7,337, 186 2,665,146 36 West Virginia 11,717 ' 11,354 1,339,760 725, 134 10,800 9,791 . 1,278,071 659, 692 37 North Carolina 174,711 1.36,610 23,699,687 8,677,298 171, 135 120,934 23,472,903 8,338,970 38 South Carolina 155.471 117,369 23,830,361 8,415,523 154,806 113, 768 23,787,489 8,209,379 39 Georgia 295,348 207,321 43,974,611 14,454,822 293,231 •200,811 43,831,302 14, 148, 187 40 Florida 23,3.33 13,664 3,545,821 1,074,972 23, 128 13, 185 3,532,316 1,049,558 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 225,043 190,665 26,402,090 11, 105,553 195,675 149,010 24,372,211 9,571,244 42 Tennessee 275,855 25,3,657 35,100,810 16,200,1)50 240, -282 200,302 32,489, 724 14, 191,731 •13 Alabama 247, 146 192,070 31,577,217 13, 104,642 242,285 179,522 31,285,918 12,579, 746 14 Mississippi 255,760 214,2.59 32,028,421 14,128,807 246,636 194,392 31,483,905 13,302,252 West South Central: 45 Arkansas 222, WO 175,001 27, 128, 027 9,939,704 206,452 155,359 26, 198,831 9, .346, 438 46 Louisiana 131,554 143,970 15,624,962 10,636,982 128,667 135, 420 15,485,703 10, 290, -267 17 Oklahoma 257,066 1 112,535 28,618,224 1 5,707,455 219,990 •90, 164 26,428,433 ‘5,026,036 18 Texas 676,558 507, 281 73,979, 145 •25, 121,619 617, 156 4;J3,057 70,917,315 23, 186, 986 Mountain: • 49 Montana 4,174 2, 729 445,278 102, 741 3,021 1,749 .380,307 77,914 .-.o Idaho 4,036 1,793 481,301 70,542 2,993 1,309 411,147 57,679 51 Wyoming 2,045 1,227 248,572 61,609 1,675 779 226,432 38,428 52 14,739 6, 784 1,798,535 326,547 11,602 5,017 1,605,500 •269,944 .•>3 New Mexico 14,9-37 5,311 1,463,012 183, 132 13, 175 4,118 1,376,570 159, 785 54 Arizona 3,963 4,077 ^399,449 123,539 3,507 3,080 379,905 102,882 55 Utah 2,277 2,116 157, 497 68,8.50 1,564 1,278 125, 278 42,796 50 Nevada 2,786 2,792 23.3,800 85,601 2, 163 1,745 207,303 67, 716 PAcinc: 57 Washington 12, 185 2,690 1,776,297 138, 185 9,949 1,9-27 1,628,923 114, 5-24 .->8 Oregon 9,927 7,446 1,185,788 318,249 7,708 5,341 1,044,573 267,354 50 Callfonila. 09, 761 84,773 9,016,444 4,610,909 61,997 73,209 8,552,021 •1,258, 147 ' Include.^ Indian Territory. 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE: 325 OF ASSES AND DURROS, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1910 AND 1900-( ontinued. [See text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] MULES. MULE COLTS. ALL ASSES AND UURROS. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 . 1910 1000 $22, 874, 502 $11,755,416 109, 257 231,628 $4,635,031 $6,201,899 106, «98 94, 166 $13,200,112 $5, 811, 184 4,625 5, 585 13 219 565 7, 142 147 180 12,823 .5,948 130, 657 240,209 164 1,403 6,795 54,882 685 957 80,974 33, 123 2,307,669 997,980 10,923 23,325 425, 196 692,575 6,426 4,310 958, 698 369,970 9,037,902 3, 412, 773 37,509 74,970 1,593,420 2,110, 194 22,254 15,580 4,938, 155 1,851,320 732,886 1,045, 582 2,732 9,289 105,008 277,980 3,373 2,301 474,208 216,228 4,507,036 3,214,847 20,227 57, 667 969,744 1,679,732 15,731 17,703 2,347,454 1,514,347 5,098,056 2,438,377 32,035 54,164 1,222,020 1, 167, 656 29,760 22,354 3, 141,. 343 1,384,728 453,560 109,017 1,803 4,024 61,382 75,400 25,009 28,088 659, 960 229,919 602, 111 290,980 3,851 6,567 1.50,901 136,338 3,313 2,692 580,497 205,601 745 970 5 92 270 2,675 22 48 3,728 769 725 630 3 12 120 232 30 27 1,593 1,565 1,865 630 1 38 60 1,315 22 25 2,038 915 365 1,480 4 57 115 2,260 21 51 1,777 1,709 65 11 5 630 210 926 1,810 20 660 n 24 3,057 780 16,345 9,160 21 192 880 6,162 284 338 38,262 8,109 4,660 20,823 20 67 725 2,844 53 43 5,274 2,455 109,652 210,286 123 1,144 5,190 45,876 348 576 43,438 22,559 107,501 60,244 345 1,464 11,976 46,525 488 250 61,560 18,981 694,621 324,353 3,287 7,165 133,821 216,355 1,646 1,008 291,217 116,144 1,467,711 585,666 7,202 13,804 276,302 401,070 2,863 2,529 668, 194 223,147 21,041 7,856 62 349 2,257 9,000 233 95 23,932 3, 193 16, 195 19,807 27 543 840 19, 625 196 428 13, 795 8,505 31,077 39,020 118 722 4, 195 24,682 219 161 22,857 11,475 612,601 333,830 1,482 6,488 61,346 207,356 1,614 1,832 280,212 150, 768 4,836,869 1.939,879 19, 349 41,424 918, 366 1,140,502 12,877 8,777 3,053,873 1,111.893 31,780 25,237 110 408 4,530 11,615 133 96 22, 915 13,231 116,940 30, 180 366 918 13,776 24,573 333 195 71,628 19,021 885,950 293, 356 3,753 6, 201 134, 458 182,875 2,118 732 447,635 116,756 2,522,685 751,271 12,331 18,809 456, 749 518, 591 4,960 3,787 1,039,035 428,176 12,750 17,930 86 107 3,057 5,450 18 15 3,975 845 63,908 66, 408 300 405 11,690 15, 192 101 69 ^ 35,450 6,810 224,565 192, 701 836 2,879 33,765 83,918 783 412 121, 6.54 52,231 56,018 41,149 140 711 5,671 24,293 160 116 26,560 15,234 196,891 256,401 842 3,076 29,893 81,927 1,017 825 132.554 69,460 37,602 187, 207 137 520 5,270 18,937 401 247 62,911 22,353 128, 492 261,084 363 1,489 14, 817 44,951 765 519 81,403 45,850 12,660 22, 102 28 102 845 3,312 128 98 10, 705 3,445 1,640,308 933,563 8,128 20,710 389,571 600,746 4,677 6,259 848, 276 459,210 2, 150, 423 1,284,211 9,087 24.681 400,663 724,608 7,989 8,852 1,076,066 703, 702 248,218 390,664 1,118 4, 695 43,081 134,232 1,272 1,819 143, 747 134,826 408,087 606,409 1,894 7,581 76,429 220, 146 1,793 1,773 280,365 216,609 741,838 433,320 4,545 8,734 187,358 209,940 3,098 2,479 469, 738 222, 185 120,251 293,765 626 2,325 19,008 52,960 531 683 70, 226 51,685 1, 746, 555 > 426,637 11,281 > 10,561 443,236 1 254, 782 5, 723 1 2,783 881, 305 ‘ 242,111 2, 489, 412 1,284,649 15, 583 32,544 572,418 649,984 20,408 16,409 1,720,074 868, 747 61,206 12,021 130 576 3,765 12,806 160 128 56, 181 16,008 59,849 6,610 237 275 10,305 6,253 347 362 99,992 10,733 20,600 9, 451 45 209 1,540 3,730 241 414 27, 690 10,037 165,238 33,300 729 893 27, 797 22,303 3,233 5,513 136, 732 52,010 77,447 15,307 304 561 8,995 8,040 11,852 15,902 163,032 64,528 17,167 13, 384 118 445 2,377 7,273 7, 104 4,625 73,092 32, 162 28,364 9,775 138 458 3,855 6,279 1,160 888 68,246 15,555 23,689 9, 169 102 607 2,748 8,716 912 256 35,995 28,886 125,587 12,992 563 441 21, 787 10, 669 173 160 82,405 16,481 124, 857 30, 013 437 1,091 16,358 20,882 548 305 150, 777 42,423 351,667 247,975 2,851 5,035 112, 756 104,787 2,692 2,227 347,315 146,697 326 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ALiIj horses, mules, and asses and burros on farms. NUMBER, BY STATES; APRIL 15, 1910. ALL. SWINE ON FARMS. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. JJVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. SWINE ON FARMS. 327 United States as a whole. — TIio following table shows, for 1910 and 1900, the ])rincipal facts with regard to swine on farms for the United States: Tablo 22 All swine. Hogs and pigs born before Jan. 1. Pigs bom after Jan. 1. 1910 — Number (.\prll 15) 58,185,676 $399,338,308 $6,86 4,351,751 ■ 68,4 62,868,041 $231,978,031 $3.69 4,335,363 75.6 35,134,097 $352,157,958 $10.02 4, 092,. 391 64.3 8 23,0,51,579 $47,180,350 $2. 05 1,868,672 29.4 [| Average value Farms reporting Per cent of all farms 1900 — Number (June 1) Average value Fanns reporting Per cent of all farms 1 No age classification in 1900. The number of s^vine reported for June 1, 1900, was 62,868,000 and the number reported for April 15, 1910, 58,186,000, an apparent decrease of 4,682,000, or 7.4 per cent. The change in the date of enumeration, however, has a very serious effect on the compara- bihty of the statistics for 1900 and 1910, since the number of swine born between April 15 and June 1 undoubtedly greatly exceeds the number slaughtered during that period. It is probable that if the enu- meration of 1910 had been made as of June 1 the num- ber of swine would have been greater than in 1900, but it is impossible to make any close estimate. Notwith- standing the decrease in the number of swine at the census of 1910, as compared with that of 1900, the aggregate value of swine on farms increased from $231,978,000 in 1900 to $399,338,000 in 1910. Divisions and states. — Table 25 (page 328) shows, for each geographic division and state, the number and value of swine on farms at the last two censuses. The following statement shows, by geograpliic divi- sions and sections, the distribution of swine and the increase or decrease during the decade : Table 23 DITWION OR SECTION. INCREASE IN number: 1900 TO 1910 1 PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER IN UNITED STATES. AVERAGE NUM- BER PEE 1,000 ACRES OF LAND IN FARMS. Amount. Per cent. All swine. Hogs and pigs bom before Jan. 1, 1910. Pigs bom after Jan. 1, 1910. All swine. Hogs and pigs bom before Jan. 1, 1910. 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States -4,682,366 -7.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 66 75 40 New England 34,443 9.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 20 18 12 Middle Atlantic -109,186 -8.6 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 41 44 25 East North Central. . . -1,586,192 -9.9 24.9 25.5 21.7 29.6 123 138 65 West North Central. . -3,145,529 -12.9 36.6 38.9 36.0 37.5 91 122 54 South Atlantic 401,158 7.2 10.2 8.8 11.0 9.1 57 53 37 East South Central. . . -1,206,742 -18.2 9.3 10.6 10.4 7.7 67 82 45 West South Central... 619,466 9.7 12.1 10.2 13.8 9.5 42 36 29 Mountain 241 , 231 60.4 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.0 11 9 7 Pacific 128,986 12.2 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.9 23 22 15 The North -4,866,464 -11.4 65.2 68.1 61.5 70.9 92 112 52 The South -186,118 -1.0 31.7 29.6 35.2 26.2 52 51 35 The West 370,217 25.3 3.1 2.3 3.3 2.9 17 16 10 Eastof the Mississippi. -2,526,519 -8.3 48.2 48.6 46.9 50.1 77 83 45 Westof theMississippi. -2, 155,846 -6.7 51.8 51.4 53.1 49.9 59 69 36 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. In considering the geographic distribution of the total number of swine reported for April 15, 1910, it .should bo noted that the number reported for that date presumably corresponds more closely to the av- erage number on hand during the entire year in the case of some sections of the country than in the case of others, since, on account of differences in climate and in the prevailing practice as to hog raising, the proportion which the number of pigs born l)efore April 15 represents of the entire number born during the year varies materially in different sections. More- over, the distribution of the number of swine living on a given date does not indicate very closely the impor- tance of the several sections of the country in the hog raising industry, for the reason that in some sections the hogs are slaughtered at an earlier average age than in other sections. In 1910 the West North Central division reported considerably more than one-third (36 per cent) of the total number of “mature” swine (that is, those born before Jan. 1, 1910) in the United States, and the East North Central division some- what over one-fifth (21.7 per cent). Most of the re- mainder were in the three southern divisions. For reasons already indicated the distribution of young pigs differs somewhat from that of other swine. In considering the increase or decrease in the num- ber of swine of all ages it should be borne in mind that the change in the date of enumeration probably affects the comparability of the statistics for the two censuses in a more marked degree in some divisions than in others. Fewer swine were reported on April 15, 1910, than on June 1, 1900, in the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central divisions, and also in one southern division, the East South Central, but there was an increase in the other five divisions. The following table shows average values per head: Tabl« 24 AVERAGE VALUE PER HEAD. DIVIHION All swine. Hogs and pigs bora Pigs bom after Jan. 1, 1910. 1910 1900 before Jan. 1 , 1910. United States $6. 86 10. 09 $3.69 6. 79 $10. 03 $3.05 New England 13. 92 4.33 Middle Atlantic 8. 18 5.38 11. 17 3.68 East North Central 7. 10 3.83 11. 64 2.04 West North Central 8. 62 4. 35 13. 18 1.95 South Atlantic 3.83 2. 29 4. 94 1.76 East South Central 4.70 2.39 6. 08 1.84 West South Central 4.65 2.66 5.85 1.98 Mountain 7. 98 4.64 10. 88 2.89 7. 02 4.11 9.53 2.75 For the United States as a whole the average value of all swine in 1910 was $6.86, as compared with $3.69 in 1900. Had the enumeration of 1910 been made as of June 1, however, the average value per head would have been considerably less than that based upon the values reported for April 15. The average value per head of swine born before January 1, 1910, which furnishes a better basis for comparison among divisions than that of all swine, was much lower in the three southern divisions than in the divisions of the North and West. 328 ABSTliACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRK^ULTURE. SWINE f)N EAllMS— NUMBER AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900, (See text with reference to date of enumeration.] Table 'Z!i ALL SWINE. HOGS AND PIGS BORN BEFORE JAN. 1, 1910. PIGS BORN AFTBR JAN. 1, 1910. DIVISION OR STATE. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 Number. Value. Number. Value. United States Geoorapiiic nivisioN.s: 58, 185, 676 62.868, 041 $399,338,308 $231,978,031 35,134,097 $362,157,968 23,051,579 $47, 180,350 New England 396, 642 362, 199 4,002, 424 2,460,845 238,351 3,317,046 158,291 685,378 Middle Atlantic 1,790,821 1,900,007 14,656,806 10,550,806 1,076,591 12,030, 104 714,230 2,626,702 East North Central 14,461,059 16,047,251 102,738,278 61,404, 163 7,634, 179 88,825,333 6,826,880 13,912,945 West North Central 21,281,509 24,427,038 183,456,287 106,372,079 12,642,984. 166,637,349 8,638,525 16,818,938 South Atlantic 5,903,920 5,562,762 22,834,358 12,738,747 3,877,400 19,167,812 2,086,520 3,666,546 East South Central 5,438,606 6, 045,348 25,551,000 15,865,699 3,664,939 22,286,615 1,773,667 3,264,385 West South Central 7,021,945 6, 402, 479 32,631,977 16,367,505 4,842,112 28,312,087 2, 179,833 4,319,890 Mountain 640,911 399,680 5,114,499 1,8.53,665 408,069 4,441,808 232,842 672, 691 Pacific New England: 1,190,263 1,061,277 8,352,679 4,364,622 749, 472 7,139,804 440,791 1,212,875 Maine 87, 156 79,018 948,094 516,015 54, 326 804,965 32,830 143,129 New Hampshire 45,237 51,211 504,174 357,573 28,506 431,973 16,732 72,201 Vermont 94,821 95,090 974,779 620, 169 54,537 798,831 40,284 175,948 Massachusetts 103,018 78,925 978,989 549,617 62,368 809,431 40,650 169,558 Rhode Island 14,038 11,608 123,647 90, 614 8, 157 98,492 5,881 25,155 Connecticut 52,372 46,447 472,741 326,857 30,458 373,354 21,914 99,387 Middle Atlantic: New York 666, 179 676,639 5,906,272 3,794,332 364,375 4,698,066 301,804 1,207,206 New Jersey 147,005 175,387 1,127,040 926, 179 86,699 935,728 60,306 191,312 Pennsylvania 977,637 1,107,981 7,624,494 5,830,295 625,517 6,396,310 352, 120 1,228, 184 East North Central: Ohio 3,105,627 3,188,563 19,412,730 11,813,168 1,574,009 16,180,493 1,531,618 3,232,237 Indiana 3,613,906 3,763,389 23,739,586 13,804,893 1,906,258 20,433,328 1,707,648 3,306,258 Iliinois 4,686,362 5,915,468 36,210,179 23,616,781 2,603,062 32,416,805 2,083,300 3,793,374 Michigan 1, 245, 833 1,165,200 9, 765,042 4,588,898 655,921 8,284,483 589,912 1,470,559 Wisconsin 1,809,331 2,014,631 13,620,741 7,580,423 894,929 11,510,224 914,402 2,110,517 West North Central: Minnesota 1,520,257 1,440,806 13, 929, 127 5,865,590 833,970 12,277,431 686,287 1,651,696 Iowa 7, 545, 853 9,723,791 69,693,218 43,764,176 4,299,499 63,976,554 3,246,354 5,716,664 Missouri 4, 438, 194 4,524,664 31,937,573 16,533,935 2,800,281 28,578,552 1,637,913 3,359,021 North Dakota 331,603 191, 798 3,152,909 930,470 199,707 2,797,423 131,896 355, 486 South Dakota 1,009,721 823, 120 10,387,093 3,540,072 658, 181 9,598,656 351,540 788.437 Nebraska 3,435,724 4, 128,000 29, 649, 482 18,660,932 1,970,895 27,157,456 1,464,829 2,492,026 Kansas 3,000,157 3,594,859 24,706,885 17,076,904 1,880,451 22,251,277 1,119,706 2,455,608 South Atlantic: Delaware 49,260 46,732 337,910 234, 472 34,101 288, 364 15, 159 49,546 Maryland 301,583 317,902 1,765,857 1,329,143 196,415 1,476, 180 105, 168 289,677 District of Columbia 665 802 9,382 4,097 435 7,831 230 1,551 Virginia 797,635 946, 443 4, 165,680 2,572,524 526,328 8,507,001 271,307 658,679 West Virginia 328, 188 442,844 2,087,392 1,389,808 211,463 1,779,050 116,725 308,342 North Carolina 1,227,625 1,300,469 4,638,046 2,516,410 802,279 3,861,361 425,346 776,685 South Carolina 665,211 618,995 2,552,344 1,411,516 421,973 2,158,347 243,238 393,997 Georgia 1,783,684 1,424,298 5,429,016 2,677,950 1,141,385 4,547,835 642,299 881,181 Florida 810, 069 464,277 1,848,731 702,827 543,021 1,541,843 267,048 306,888 East South Central: Kentucky 1,491.816 1,954,537 8,951,692 5, 176, 183 1,038,488 7,934,000 453,328 1,017,692 Tennessee 1,387,938 1,976,984 7,329,622 4,838,713 1,031,137 6,593,762 356,801 735,860 Alabama 1,266,733 1,423,329 4,356,520 2,887,230 815,446 3,678,508 451,287 678,012 Mississippi 1,292,119 1,290,498 4,913,166 2,963,573 779,868 4,080, 345 612,251 832,821 West South Central: Arkansas 1,518,947 1, 713, 307 5, 170,924 2,981,309 1,150,767 4,607,057 368, 180 563,867 lAiuisIana 1,327,605 788,425 3,824,046 1,494,284 838,321 3,183,728 489,284 640,318 Oklahoma 1,839,030 1 1,235,133 11,997,641 1 4,286,225 1,211,876 10,440, 178 627, 154 1,657,463 Texas 2, 336, .363 2,665,614 11, 639, .366 7,605,687 1,641,148 10,081,124 695,215 1,668,242 Mountain: Montana 99,201 49, 496 858,829 281,402 56,342 720,365 42,919 138, 464 Idaho 178, 346 114,080 1,398,727 480,338 118, 907 1,246,634 59, 439 1,52,093 Wyoming 33, 947 15,471 301,716 78,145 23,301 271,694 10,646 30,022 Colorado 179,294 101, 198 1,568, 158 482,722 110,922 1,360,907 68,372 207,251 New Mexico 45,409 20, 426 275,861 81,644 31,784 241,813 13,625 84,038 17,208 18, 103 65,732 113,714 445,653 80,687 293, 115 10,422 42, 107 91,479 6,786 22,235 Utali 6-1,286 382,284 22, 179 63,369 Nevada 23, 160 15, 174 151,851 75,712 14,284 126, 632 8,876 25,219 PAcmc: Wa-shington 206, 135 181,535 1,674,927 830, 704 127,360 1,431,286 78,779 ■243,641 Oregon 217,577 281, 406 1,570,949 1,057,037 139, 300 1,361,694 78,271 ■209,255 California 766,551 598,336 5, 106, 803 2,476,781 482,810 4,346,824 283,741 769,979 ' fncliides Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND EJ.SEWHERE. Table 26 shows the number of swine re|)orted at each of the last four censuses. The figures for 1910, as already stated, are not closely coinj)arable with the others. The increase in the number of swine since 1 SWINE. 11)1 0 in 1,095,688 > Includes estimated number of swine on public ranges. SHEEP AND GOATS ON FAEMS. United States as a whole. — The effect of the change in the date of enumeration and method of classifica- tion in rendering the statistics of the last two cen- suses incomjiarable is probably somewhat greater in the case of sheep than in the case of cattle. No age classification was made at either census for goats. The following statement shows the designations ap- plied to the several classes of sheep at each of the last two censuses and the number reported in each class, and also the totals for goats: Table 27 1910 (April 15). 1900 (June 1). NOMINAL INCREASED Class as defined on schedule. Corresponding age limits. Number. Class as defined on schedule. Corresponding limits of date of birth. Number. Number. Per cent. AU sheep and gloats 55,362.986 All sheep and goats 63,374,312 -8,011,326 -12.6 Sheep and Iambs Sheep and lambs 52,447,861 61,503,713 -9,055,852 -14.7 Ewes bom before Jan. 1, 1910 Rams and wethers born before Jan. 1, 1910. Lambs born after Jan. 1, 1910 Over 3J months Over 3| months Under 3i months Sheep (ewes) 1 year old and over. Sheep (raips and wethers) 1 year old and over. Lambs under 1 year Goats (all ages) Before June 1, 1899. . . Before June 1, 1899. . . After June 1. 1899 31,933,797 7, 710, 249 12,803,815 31,867,652 7,995,315 21,650,746 76,145 -285,066 -8,846,931 0.2 -3.6 -40.9 2, 915, 125 1,870,599 1,044,526 55.8 % 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The total number of sheep reported as on farms and ranges on April 15, 1910, was 52,448,000, as compared with 61,504,000 on June 1, 1900, a decrease of 9.056.000, or 14.7 per cent. This decrease, however, is due partly to the change in the date of enumera- tion. Many lambs are born during the interval be- tween April 15 and June 1. Furthermore, on many ranches in the West the lambs are not definitely counted so early in the year as April 15, and it seems likely that in some such cases ranchmen failed to make any estimate of the lambs. In view of the fact that, even after making necessary allowances, as discussed below, the number of ewes 1 year of age or over on June 1, 1910, was probably less than 1,000,000 short of the number on the same date in 1900, it seems likely that, if the enumeration of 1910 had been made as of June 1, there would have been nearly as many lambs less than 1 year old as were reported 10 years before, probably in the neigh- borhood of 21,000,000, as compared with 21,651,000 in 1900. Of these, however, a comparatively small number would have consisted of animals born between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, which are already included, under the classification of 1910, in the re- turns of ewes and rams and wethers. After deducting these there would probably have remained on June 1, 1910, about 19,000,000 or 20,000,000 spring lambs, or 6.000. 000 or 7,000,000 more than the number reported on April 15, which was 12,804,000. The number of older sheep, however, would, on account of slaughter and deaths from other causes, have been less on June 1 than on April 15 — perhaps by between 1,000,000 and 2,000,000. In view of all these considerations, it would seem that, if the enumeration of 1910 had been made as of June 1, there would have been between 56,000,000 and 58,000,000 sheep and lambs, us com- pared with 61,504,000 on June 1, 1900. The number of ewes was reported in 1910 as 31,934,000 and in 1900 as 31,858,000, there being thus nominally a shght increase. In order to make the figures compa- rable, however, it would be necessary to deduct from the number of ewes reported on April 15, 1910, the com- paratively small number born between June 1, 1909, and January 1, 1910, which would have been classed as lambs at the census of 1900, and also to deduct the comparatively small number of ewes slaughtered or oth- erwise eliminated during the six weeks from April 15 to June 1. The whole number to be deducted would prob- ably be less than one milhon. In the case of rams and wethers, the number to be deducted from the returns of 1910, on account of slaughter between April 15 and June 1, would be relatively greater than in the case of ewes, so that had the date of enumeration and the method of classification been the same at the two censuses a. considerably greater decrease would have appeared than is shown in the table. Despite the change in the date of enumeration, the number of goats and kids increased from 1,871,000 in 1900 to 2,915,000 in 1910. 330 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The following statement shows the value of sheep and goats and the number of farms reporting them; Table SHEEP. > All goats and kids. All .sheep and lambs. Ewes. Rams and wethers. Lambs. 1910 — Number 52,447,861 31,933,797 7,710,249 12,803,815 2,915,125 Value *232,841,585 *164,855,314 *38,660,830 *29,325,441 *6, 176, 423 Average value $4.44 $5.16 $5.01 *2. 29 $2. 12 Farms roiwrting 610,894 590,878 297, 138 470,626 82,7.55 Per cent of all farms. 9.6 9.3 4.7 7.4 1.3 1900— Numlxsr 61,503,713 31.857,652 7,995,315 21,650,746 1,870,599 Value *170,203,119 $101,288,730 *26,898.061 *42,016,328 *3,265,349 A verage value *2. 77 *3.18 *3.36 *1.94 $1.75 1 For floflnition of the subclasses at the two censuses, see preceding table. It will be seen that, despite the decline in the number of sheeji, the value of the sheep reported on April 15, 1910, $232,842,000, was 36.8 per cent greater than the value on June 1, 1900, $170,203,000. The value of goats and kids nearly doubled during the decade. Divisions and states. — Table 32 (pages 332 and 333) shows, for each geograpliic division and state, the num- ber and value of sheep and goats at the last two censuses. Table 29 below shows, by geograpliic divisions and sections, the increase in number during the decade, the per cent distribution, and the average number per 1,000 acres of land in farms; Table 39 DIVISION OR SECTION. INCREASE IN NUMBER : 1900 TO 1910 1 PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER IN UNITED STATES. AVERAGE NUMBER PER LAND IN FAR! All sheep. Sheep (exclud- ing lambs). A 11 goats. All sheep and goats. All sheep. Sheep born before Jan. 1, 1910. Lambs born after Jan. 1, 1910. All goats. All sheep and goats. All sheep. Sheep born before Jan. 1, 1910. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States. -9,055,852 -14.7 -208,921 -0.5 1,044,526 55.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 63 76 60 73 45 New England -491,886 -53.3 -256,774 -45.6 1,016 46.6 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.1 22 45 22 45 16 Middle Atlantic -1,480,485 -44.5 -709,907 -36.0 3,376 80.2 3.3 .5.3 3.5 5.4 3.2 4.6 0.3 0.2 43 74 43 74 29 East North Central. -1,674,039 -14.9 -365,336 -5.3 9,523 37.3 17.3 17.7 18.2 18.2 16.5 23.5 1.2 1.4 81 97 81 96 55 West North Central 100, 726 2.0 369,218 11.7 18,715 19.8 9.4 8.0 9.7 8.1 8.9 12.0 3.9 5.1 22 25 22 25 15 South Atlantic -185,362 -6.9 -153,501 -9.0 5,812 2.8 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.4 3.9 7.5 7.2 11.0 26 28 24 26 15 East South Central. 73,182 3.0 24, 103 1.6 -12,005 -5.7 4.9 4.2 4.8 3.9 3.8 7.7 6.8 11.3 33 32 31 30 19 West South Central -260,777 -10.6 -176,673 -9.6 544, 450 74.4 6.3 5.0 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 43.8 39.1 21 18 13 14 10 Mountain -4, 195, 861 -15.6 1,525,400 8.5 362, 7.52 96.8 42.5 43.1 43.4 43.8 49.2 25.5 25.3 20.0 395 589 383 581 328 Pacifle -941,350 -14.4 -405,451 -11.0 110,887 50.0 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.6 9.5 14.2 11.4 11.8 115 143 109 138 74 The North -3,545,684 -17.4 -962, 799 -7.6 32, 030 25.8 30.8 32.4 32.2 33.2 29.3 41.0 5.5 6.8 41 54 41 53 28 The South -372,957 -4.9 -306,071 -6.1 538, 257 46.9 16.1 13.8 13.7 12.3 11.9 19.3 57.8 61.4 25 24 20 21 13 The West -5,137,211 -15.3 1,0.59,949 4.8 473,639 79.4 53.2 , 53.8 54.1 54.5 58.7 39.6 36.7 31.9 266 364 256 357 210 East of Mississippi. . -3,758,590 -18.3 -1,461,415 -11.6 7,722 1.7 31 2 33.2 32.1 33.5 28,2 44.2 15.6 23.9 47 57 46 56 31 West of Mississippi. -5, 297, 262 -12.9 1,252,494 4.6 1,0.36,804 72.9 68.8 66.8 67.9 06.5 71.8 55.8 84.4 76.1 74 90 70 87 56 All goats. 1910 3 0 ) h b) 2 2 8 12 7 (9 5 10 1900 0 ). (9 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Less than 1 animal per 1,000 acres of land. In considering the geographic distribution of the total number of sheep and of goats reported for April 15, 1910, it should be borne in mind that, owing to differences in climatic conditions, the spring lambs and kids are bom earlier in some sections than in others. Greater significance attaches to the figures for “ma- ture ” sheep. Of the sheep born before January 1,1910, the Mountain division reported nearly one-half (49.2 per cent) and the East North Central division about one-sixth (16.5 per cent). The North as a whole contained 29.3 per cent, the South 11.9 per cent, and the West 58.7 per cent. For reasons indicated above there were marked differences in 1910 in the ratios of lambs to ewes in the several divisions. In the East North Central di- vision the number of lambs reported was equal to 54.3 per cent of the number of ewes, and in the Pacific division to 62.7 per cent, whereas in the Mountain division the ratio was oxdy 21.4 per cent. There are also decided differences among the several divisions with respect to the ratio which the number of rams and wethers bears to the number of ewes, as showm. by Table 32. in some divisions most of the male animals are sold for slaughter at an early age, while in others a large proportion are kept for wool. The distributiofi of goats is quite different from that of sheep. Tlie leading division is the West South Central, which reported 43.8 per cent of the total in 1910. Very few goats are found in the North. The average number of sheep and goats combined per 1,000 acres of land in faz’ms in the United States as a whole was 63 on April 15, 1910, as compared vdth 76 on June 1, 1900. Of “mature” sheep, the figures for which are more nearly comparable, the average num- ber per 1,000 acres was 45 in 1910, and 48 in 1900. In 1910 there were in the Mountain division 328 sheep born before January 1 per 1,000 acres of land in farms, but it should be noted that many sheep in this division are kept on public range land and not on farms. Comparisons among the several geographic divi- sions with respect to the increase or decrease between 1900 and 1910 in the total number of sheep are much less satisfactory than comparisons based on the num- ber of mature sheep. There was a considerable in- crease in the number of mature sheep of both sexes combined in the Mountain and West North Central divisions, and a small increase in the East South Cen- tral division. As shown by Table 32, however, mature ewes decreased in the East North Central division, while rams and wethers decreased in the East South Central division and increased in the East North Central. In all of the divisions except the four above mentioned there was a decrease in both these classes during the decade. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND IM.SEWIIERE. 331 The following statement shows the average value per head of sheoj) and goats at the last two censuses: Table 30 AVERAGE VALUE PER HEAD. DIVISION. All sheep. Ewes. Rams and weth- ers. ■ Lambs bom after Jan. 1. All goats and kids. 1910 1900 1910 1910 1910 1910 1900 tlnited States . . . $4. 44 *2. 77 $5.16 $5.01 $2. 29 $2. 12 $1.75 New England 4.29 2.90 4.99 6.53 2.35 5.77 5.38 Middle AtlanUc 4.85 3.24 5.98 5. 45 2.58 5.51 4. 37 East Nortli Central 4.09 2. 86 5.23 4.88 1.72 3.16 2.69 West North Central 4.60 3.22 5. 67 5.69 2.14 2.87 3.44 South Atlantic 3.61 2.51 4.34 3.58 2.60 1.12 0.85 East South Central 3.73 2.64 4.32 3.71 2.92 1.33 0.94 West South Central 3.29 2.02 3.70 3.92 1.82 2. 13 1.44 Mountain 4.90 2.73 5.29 5. 28 2. 58 2.36 2.05 Pacific 4.02 2.60 4.88 4.60 2. 38 4.45 2.93 The average value of all sheep per head on April 15, 1910, was $4.44, as compared with $2.77 on June 1, 1900. These figures are less significant than those for the “mature” animals alone. The average value of ewes for the country as a whole increased from $3.18 in 1900 to $5.16 in 1910, notwithstanding the fact that the average age of the animals classed as ewes was somewhat lower in 1910 than in 1900. The aver- age value of rams and wethers in 1910 was $5.01, as compared with $3.36 in 1900. The average value of all goats was $2.12 in 1910, as compared with $1.75 in 1900, thus showing a much smaller increase than the value of sheep. An extraordinary range appears in the average value of goats. In the West South Central division, which leads in the total number of goats, the average value was $2.13. For ewes bom before 1910 the average value was highest ($5.98 per head) in the Middle Atlantic division, next highest ($5.67) in the West North Central division, and lowest ($3.70) in the West South Central division. The following statement shows the number of sheep (excluding lambs) at each census from 1880 to 1910. The figures for 1910, as already explained, should be reduced, perhaps by 3 or 4 per cent, in order to make them strictly comparable with the returns for 1900. It is probable that some lambs were included with the sheep at the enumerations of 1880 and 1890. The returns, as given below, would indicate a gradual though slight 'decrease in the total number of sheep (excluding lambs) during each decade since 1880. Table 31 DIVISION. SHEEP (EXCLUDING LAMBS). 1910 1900 1890 1880 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 39, 644. 046 306, 443 1,260,455 6,534,854 3,524,749 1,552,698 1,513.833 1, 662, 445 19,509.675 3, 778, 894 39,852,967 563, 217 1.970,362 6,900, 190 3,155,531 1,706, 199 1,489,730 1,839,118 17,984,275 4, 244, 345 1 40,876,312 936, 532 3, 196, 495 9,449,783 > 2,882,371 2.445,386 2,316,279 > 4.710,918 > 9,519,933 > 5,418,615 1 42, 192, 074 1,362, 234 3,608,796 10,566,266 1 3,096,623 ‘ 2,579,006 2,308,290 1 4,089,021 1 7,097,442 1 7,484,394 ■ Includes estimated number of sheep on public ranges. ALL SHEEP ON FARMS. NUMBER, BY STATES: APRIL 15,1910. 382 ABSTRACT OF THE CJ^NSUS— AGRICULTURE. SHEEP AND GOATS ON FARMS— NUMP.ER AND VALUE OF SHEEP, BY AGE |Soe text with reference to date of enumeration and change in classification.] Tnbl<^ 3‘Z DIVISION OR STATE. ALL SHEEP. EWES. Number. Value. Number, Value, 1910 1900 1910 1900 19T0 1900 1910 1900 1 United States 52,447, 861 61,603,713 $232,841,585 $170,203,119 31,933,797 31,857,652 $164,865,314 $101,288,730 Gisoquapiiic divisions: 2 Now England 430, 672 922,558 1, 846, 797 2, 079, 634 289,454 527,301 1, 443, 342 1,741,887 3 Middle Atlantic 1,844,057 3,324,542 8,934,933 10, 767,037 1,057,902 1,732,522 6,325,992 6, 400,238 4 East North Central 9,542,234 11, 216, 273 . 39,009,830 32, 130,946 5,536,905 6,006,474 28,966,091 20, 692, 825 5 West North Central 5,065,009 4,964,283 23, 287, 792 15, 980, 743 3,053, 164 2,669,058 17,313,989 10,268,049 G South Atlantic 2,513,553 2,698,915 9,085,747 6, 761, 269 1,345,456 1,381,330 5,845, 194 3,767,442 7 East South Central 2, 496, 221 2,423,039 9,299,829 6,393,873 1,342,911 ' 1,223,888 5,795,000 3,372,779 8 West South Central 2, 193, 657 2,454,434 7,226,258 4,970,206 1,153,916 1,215,247 4,267,001 2,589,626 9 Mountain 22, 770, 291 26, 966, 152 111,656,290 73,501,804 15, 202, 412 13,827,002 80,791,568 42,747,743 10 Pacific 5,592,167 6,533,517 22, 494, 109 17,017.007 2, 891, 677 3,274,830 14, 107, 137 9,618, 141 New England: 11 Mauie 206, 434 420, 116 813,976 1, 116, 483 143,738 240,717 655,661 ■ 709, 720 12 New Hampshire 43, 772 105, 113 192,346 309,451 29,076 61, 295 148,381 201,388 13 Vermont 118,551 296,576 538,991 881,402 78,990 168,292 430,077 597,117 14 Massachusetts 32, 708 52,559 156, 498 193,596 20,912 30,441 111,140 125,357 15 Rhode Island 6,789 11,207 32,637 41,282 3,952 5,901 21, 001 22,575 16 Connecticut 22, 418 36,987 112,349 137, 420 12, 781 20,655 76, 482 85,730 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 930,300 1,745,746 4,839,651 5,921,941 568,829 938,315 3,678,912 3, 729, 1)31 18 New Jersey 30,683 47,730 161, 138 202, 490 15,719 24, 744 93,277 109,540 19 Pennsylvania •. 883,074 1,531,066 3,934, 144 4, 642, 606 473,354 769, 463 2,553,803 2,651,067 East North Central: * 20 Ohio 3,909, 162 4,020,628 14,941,381 10,956,308 2, 188,951 2,090,093 10,341,577 6,790,239 21 Tnflin.n?>, 1,336,967 1,742,002 5,908,496 5,794,976 742,576 940,387 4,400,050 3, 776,066 22 Illinois 1,059,846 1,030,681 4, 843, 736 3, 706, 642 583, 487 548,853 3,500,953 2,341.230 23 Michigan 2, ,306, 476 2, 747, 609 9,646,565 7, 162,664 1,433,263 1,508,503 7,740,957 4,737,021 24 Wisconsin 929, 783 1, 675, 453 3,669, 652 4,610,356 588, 628 918, 638 2,982,554 3,048,269 West North Central: 25 Minnesota 637,582 589,878 2,693,424 1,740,088 417,652 329,984 2, 190,295 1,205,275 26 Iowa 1,145,549 1,056,718 5,748,836 3,956,142 676,687 576, 104 4,381,545 2,610,908 27 Missouri 1,811,268 1,087,213 7,888,878 3,350,846 1,014,469 587,757 5,707,617 2,060,859 28 North Dakota 293,371 681,952 1,257,737 1, 987, 136 187,249 340,273 913,530 1,193,611 29 South Dakota 611,264 775,236 3,002,038 2, 434,206 412,648 422,042 2,304,684 1,603,327 30 Nebraska 293,500 511,273 1,486,948 1,678,498 177,877 279,073 974,667 1, 102,871 31 Kansas 272,475 262,013 1,209,931 833,827 166,582 133,825 841,651 491, 198 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 7,806 11,765 36,898 43,588 3,924 6,360 19,535 22,899 33 Maryland 237,137 191, 101 1,142,965 696,531 119,806 101,006 648,094 381.448 34 35 Virginia 804,873 692,929 3,300,026 2,089,779 413,273 353,549 2,022,836 1,135,069 36 West Virginia 910,360 968,843 3,400,901 2,664,556 499,064 497,247 2,410,151 1,554,696 37 North Carolina 214, 473 301,941 559,217 477, 421 120,810 164, 105 367,950 276,389 38 South Carolina 37,569 71,538 81,362 111,770 22, 368 40,478 51,845 66,202 39 Georgia 187,644 336,278 308,212 438,363 ia5,041 162,704 184, 193 221,603 40 Florida 113,701 124,5* 256, 166 239,261 61, 170 55,881 140,590 109, 136 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 1,363,013 1,297,343 5,573,998 4,191,205 723,682 647,838 3,469,817 2, 172, 170 42 Tennessee. 795,033 496,011 3,009, 196 1,179,424 429,902 2,56,032 1,897,706 651,780 43 Alabama 142,930 317,053 299,919 488,299 80,276 157,830 181,767 259,428 44 Mississippi 195,245 312,632 416,716 534,945 109,051 162,188 245,710 289,401 West South Central: 45 Arkansas 144, 189 256,929 327,984 437,317 80,285 130,700 211, 7a3 240,681 46 lAiuisiana 178,287 219,844 343,046 333,040 100, 494 114,414 210,300 186,840 47 Oklahoma 62, 472 ' 88,363 253,864 ■ 217,732 41,609 ' 45,959 192,834 > 125,588 48 Texas 1,808,709 1,889,298 6,301,364 3,982,117 931,528 924, 174 3,052, 164 2,037,517 Mountain: 49 Montana 5,380,746 0,170,483 29,028,069 18, 165,404 3,251,686 2,995,795 18,690,188 10,105,384 50 Idaho 3,010,478 3,121,532 15,897,192 8,294,776 1,810,944 1,611,090 11,294,338 4,947,388 51 Wyoming 5,397, 161 5,099,613 29,666,228 10,310,096 3,954,403 2,498,914 22,938,391 9,391,096 52 Colorado 1,426,214 2,044,814 6,856, 187 5,584,897 1,111,336 1,089,080 5,465,629 3,417,731 53 New Mexico 3,346,984 4,899,487 12,072,037 10,643,514 2,359,565 2,850,876 9,149,625 6,828,816 54 Arizona 1,226,733 024,761 4,400,514 1,901,764 752,413 452,271 3,031,764 1,061,358 55 Utah 1,827, 180 3,818,423 8,634,735 10,256,488 1,340, ,595 1,893,802 6, 709,. 594 5,695,818 5G Nevada 1,154,795 887,039’ - 5,101,328 2,344,865 681,410 434,574 3,512,039 1,,300, 152 Pacific: 57 Washington 475,555 929,873 1,931,170 2,450,929 226,377 459, 158 1,121,445 1,;182,745 58 Oregon 2,699, 135 3,040,291 12,213,942 7,663,447 1,447,785 1,480,282 S, 070, 909 4,188,763 59 California 2,417,477 2,503,353 8,348,997 7,003,231 1,217,515 1,335,390 4,914,783 4,046,613 ' Includes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE 333 AND SEX GROUPS, AND OF GOATS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900. (See text with reference to date of enumeration and change In clasalflcatlon.) RAMS AND WETHERS. LAMBS. ALL GOATS AND KIDS. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 t 7,710.249 7,995,316 938, 660, 830 $26,898,061 12. 803, 815 21,650,74$ $29, 325, 441 $42,016,328 2, 916, 126 1,870,699 $6, 176,423 .$3,265,349 'J 16,989 35,916 110,942 147,519 124, 229 359,341 292,513 790,228 3, 195 2,179 18, 426 11,715 3 202,653 237,840 1,104,926 925, 120 583,602 1,C54, 180 1,504,015 3,351,673 7,588 4,212 41,834 18,399 4 997,949 893,716 4,873,680 3,283,882 3,007,380 4,316,083 5,170,059 8, 154, 239 35,059 25,536 110,771 08,595 5 471,585 480, 473 2,681, 105 2,003, 162 1,540,260 1,808,752 3,292,698 3,709,532 113,215 94,500 324, 714 325, 176 6 207,242 324, 869 742, 3^5 755, 204 900,855 992, 716 2, 498, 238 2,238,503 211, 101 205,289 235,758 173,764 7 170, 922 265,842 633,565 640,381 982, 388 933,309 2,871,264 2,380,713 198, 647 210, 652 264,505 198,543 8 508,529 623,871 1,994,385 1,540,070 531,212 615,310 904, 872 840,510 1, 276, 231 731,781 2,719,050 1,050,654 9 4,247,263 4,157,273 22,439,895 li, 430, 839 3, 260, 616 8,981,877 8,424,827 16,323,222 737, 644 374, 892 1,738, 171 709,536 10 887,217 969,515 4,080,017 3,171,818 1,813,273 2, 289, 172 4,306,955 4,227,648 332, 445 221,558 723, 128 648, %7 11 0,196 11,496 32,043 42,057 56,500 167,903 125, 072 364, 706 582 279 2,177 1,091 12 2.120 4,023 12,551 15,538 12,571 39,795 31,414 92,525 495 208 3,459 916 13 5,304 13,875 41,028 58, 264 34, 191 114,409 67,886 226,021 261 102 1,033 444 14 1,787 3,428 13,898 16, 719 10,009 18, 690 31,460 51,520 . 1,251 1,254 7,990' 7,188 IS 254 728 1,912 3,553 2,583 4,578 9,124 15, 154 106 23 982 131 16 1,262 2,366 8,910 11, 388 8,375 13,966 26,957 40,302 500 313 2,785 1,945 17 37, 290 40,201 281,814 252, 127 324, 181 761,230 878,925 1,940, 183 3,475 1,316 21, 432 6,442 18 1,076 1,019 8,341 9,384 13,888 21,367 59,520 83,566 574 699 4,614 3,000 19 164, 187 190,020 814, 771 663,615 245,533 571,583 565,570 1,327,924 3,539 2,. 197 15,788 8,951 20 701,212 558, 157 3,074,571 1,795,218 1,018,999 1,372,378 1,525,233 2,370,851 5,379 5,432 17,843 16,975 21 09,851 70, 201 435,658 337, 709 524,540 731,354 1,072, 788 1,681,201 7,290 4,484 20,905 8,920 22 74,997 80,297 463,735 375,515 401, 362 401, 431 879,048 989,897 12,435 8,877 38,564 19,932 23 111,978 117, 427 679, 784 490,322 761,235 1, 121, 679 1,225,824 1,935,321 5,080 2,861 14, 192 10, 008 24 39,911 67,574 219,932 285, 118 301,244* 689,241 467, 166 1, 176,969 4,875 3,882 19,267 12, 700 25 34,419 29,344 193,642 124,256 185,511 230,550 309,487 410,557 4,588 3,821 18,480 12, 908 20 93,230 81, 764 587,375 399, 619 375,632 398, 850 779,916 945,615 20,604 41,468 64,239 146, 708 27 101, 720 75,946 594, 295 290,638 695,079 423,510 1,586,966 999, 349 72, 415 24,487 187,409 64, 780 28 54, 143 111,164 244,907 412,119 51,979 230,515 99,300 381,406 1,074 1,122 5,618 5,308 29 88,393 85,296 473,063 355, 828 110,223 267, 898 224,291 475,051 2,337 2,915 11, '422 15,050 30 02,239 56,877 380, 679 245,269 53,384 175,323 131,602 330,358 3,290 2,399 11,945 9,126 31 37,441 46,082 207, 144 175,433 68,452 82, 106 161,136 167, 196 8,847 18,288 25,601 71,290 32 491 604 2,698 2,610 3,391 4,801 14,665 18,079 88 143 328 519 33 34 6,445 10,514 38, 791 46, 835 110,886 79,581 456,080 268,248 1,182 1,179 9 5,115 4,023 39 36 25,440 38,576 154,771 136,929 366, 154 300,804 1,122,419 817,781 7,327 5,305 28, 286 10,002 36 67,888 75, 492 314,500 242, 289 343, 408 396, 104 678,250 867,571 5,748 847 20,682 2, 123 37 19,260 44, 707 53,509 76,109 74,403 93, 129 137, 758 124,923 35,019 42,901 43, 039 37,997 38 5,558 11,958 .12,594 20,203 9,633 19, 102 16,923 25,305 24, 750 26, 576 27, 728 24,450 39 48,209 96,190 82,959 132,697 34,394 77,384 . 41,060 84, 163 89,016 84,624 70,059 61,972 40 33,945 46,828 82,493 97,692 18,586 21,811 33,083 32,433 47,371 43, 705 ■ 40, 521 32,639 41 54,472 68,320 276,355 239,384 584, 859 581,185 1,827,826 1, 779, 651 29, 809 11,967 61,665 19,753 42 40,435 51, 772 186,379 137,901 324, 696 188,207 925,111 389, 743 43,500 25, 884 82,666 38,938 43 28,836 71,468 64, 959 124, 718 33,818 87, 755 53, 193 104, 153 79, 347 117,413 76, 361 94, 258 44 47,179 74, 282 105, 872 138,378 39, 015 76,162 65,134 107, 166 45,871 55,388 43, 873 45,594 46 16,232 38,061 41,478 73, 128 47, 672 88, 168 74, 803 123,508 58,294 51,839 84, 938 58, 788 46 38,814 54,820 84,321 97, 454 38,979 50, 610 48, 425 49, 746 57, 102 38,308 57,354 35, 697 47 7,287 1 15,224 31,682 1 45, 701 13, 576 ‘ 27, 180 29, 348 > 40, 383 25,591 1 14, 301 62,687 ‘ 32, 392 48 446, 196 515, 766 1,836,904 1,32.3,727 430, 985 449,358 812,296 620,873 1,135,244 627,333 2,514,077 923, 777 49 1, 708, 149 1,219,419 9,347,003 4,253,491 420,911 1,955,269 990,818 3, 800, .529 5,045 1,713 22,416 7,870 50 299,386 354,377 1,898,301 1,193,622 900, 148 1,156,005 2, 704, 493 2, 153, 706 5, 719 4,481 36,697 20,167 51 872, 102 828,271 5, 193, 297 3,317,543 570, 596 1, 772, 428 1,534,540 3, 601,457 2, 739 2, 606 16, 128 11,884 52 194,260 203, 143 1,089,087 1,022, 872 120, 018 691,991 301,471 1,144,294 .31,011 37,433 80, 644 73, 141 53 535,419 482, 867 2,107,914 1,444,135 452,000 1, 505, 744 814,498 2,370, 563 412,050 224, 136 939, 702 472,961 54 164,187 210,187 635, 520 491,578 310, 133 256,303 733, 230 348,828 246, 617 98,403 555,327 167, 863 55 330,295 659,332 1,502,373 2,241,804 156, 290 1, 265, 289 422, 768 2,318, 866 29,014 1,427 75,547 2,702 56 143,465 133,677 666,280 465, 794 329,920 318, 788 1 923,009 578,919 4,849 4,633 11,710 12,948 57 68,887 98,804 331,798 339,544 180,291 371,851 477, 927 728,640 8,621 2,876 31, 662 10, 757 58 510,557 481,073 2,421,520 1,455,064 740, 793 1,078,936 1,721,513 1,919,620 185,411 109,661 370,637 375, 229 69 307, 773 389,578 1,326, 699 1,377,210 892,189 838,385 2, 107,515 1,579,388 138,413 109,021 320, 829 202, 981 334 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE POULTEY The change in the date of enumeration from June 1, at the census of 1900, to April 15, at the census of 1910, should have no very material effect upon the comparability of the statistics of poultry, for the reason that according to the schedules used at both ON FARMS. censuses only fowls 3 months of age or over were to be reported. The following table shows for 1910 and 1900 the principal facts with regard to each class of fowls in the United States as a whole : Table 33 All fowls. Chickens. Turkeys. Ducks. Geese. Guinea fowls. Pigeons. Peafowls. Ostriches. 1910 — Number 295,880,190 280,345,133 3,688,708 2,906,525 4,4.31,980 1,765,031 2, 730,994 6,458 5,361 Value $154,G0;i,220 *140,205,607 *6,605,818 *1,567,164 *.3, 194,507 *613,282 *762,374 *18,328 *1,696,140 Average value *0, 52 SO. 50 *1.79 *0.54 *0.72 *0.35 JO. 28 *2.84 *316. 39 Farms reporting 5,585,032 5,578,525 871,123 503, 704 662,324 339,538 109,407 1,807 29 I'or cent of all farms 87.8 87.7 13.7 7.9 io.4 i.Z 1.7 (9 (>) 1900— Numljer 250,624,038 233, 566,021 6,594,695 4,785,8*0 5,676,788 (9 (9 (9 684 ‘ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total number of all fowls reported at the census of 1910 was 295,880,000, of which 280,345,000, or 94.7 per cent, consisted of chickens. The number of fowls reported in 1900 was 250,624,000. Excluding pigeons and peafowls, which were not reported in 1900, there was an increase between 1900 and 1910 of 42,519,000, or 17 per cent. The increase was whoUy confined to chickens, as there was a marked decrease- in turkeys, ducks, and geese. The total value of all fowls in 1910 was $154,663,000, or an average of 52 3 Not reported. cents per fowl, while the total value in 1900 was $85,808,000, or an average of 34 cents per fowl, the average value having thus increased 52.9 per cent. Tlie average values of the separate classes of poultry were not reported in 1900. The following table gives, for each geographic division and section, statistics as to the number and value of the different kinds of fowls reported. It shows also what percentage of the total number was found in each division. 3 Included with chickens. Table 34 DIVISION OR SECTION. CHICKENS. TURKEY'S. • DUCKS. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900> Per ct. of in- crease. 1910 1910 1900 Per ct. of in- crease.!! 1910 1910 1900 Per ct. of in- crease.2 1910 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific The North The South. The West East of the Mississippi West of the Mississippi 280,345,133 6,841,918 24,449,500 69,471,413 85,192,651 25,627,003 24,495,054 29,176,294 5,467,343 9,623,957 233, 666, 021 6,440, 678 21,511,436 58, 104, 189 65.304.879 22,293,912 22,905,751 27.333.880 3,116,639 6, 434, 657 20.0 6.2 13.7 19.6 30.3 15.0 6.7 6.7 75.4 49.6 *140,205,607 4,975,551 16,346, 161 36,609,410 41, 207, 295 11,894,700 10, 272, 630 10,393,418 3,005, 103 5,501,333 3, 688, 708 24,255 252, 540 701,342 833,472 526,518 483, 741 620,791 86, 703 159,340 6, 594, 695 46,851 483,081 1,501,307 1,571,149 810,975 792, 170 1,084,212 81,408 223,542 -44.1 -48.2 -47.7 -53.3 -47.0 -35.1 -38.9 -42.7 6.5 -28.7 $6,605,818 74,725 628, 191 1,330,198 1,563,291 906, 226 792, 289 771,598 183,042 356, 258 2,906,525 51,929 369, 706 545,672 809,620 330, 054 344, 453 348,852 42, 242 63,997 4, 785, 850 91,421 362, 159 1,018,726 1,397,601 458,918 559,111 697,937 51,477 148,500 -39.3 -43.2 2.1 -46.4 -42. 1 -28.1 -38.4 -50.0 -17.9 -56.9 $1,587,164 51,014 295,835 319,815 411,787 151,377 129,862 127,488 32,407 47,579 185, 955, 482 79,298,351 15,091,300 151,421,182 72,593,543 9,551,296 22.8 9.2 58.0 99,138,417 32,560,754 8,506,430 1,811,615 1,631,050 246,043 3,602,388 2,687,357 304,950 -49.7 -39.3 -19.3 3,596,405 2,470,113 539,300 1,776,927 1,023,359 106,239 2,809,907 1,715,966 199,977 -38. 1 -40.4 -46.9 1,078,461 408,727 79,986 150,884,888 129, 460, 245 131,315,966 102,250,055 14.9 26.6 80, 098, 458 60, 107, 149 1,988,402 1,700,306 3,634,384 2,960,311 -45.3 -42.6 3,731,629 2,874, 189 1,641,814 1,264,711 2,490,335 2,295,515 -34.1 -44.9 947,903 619,261 DIVISION OR SECTION. GEESE. GUINEA FOWLS.* PIGEONS.* PEAFOWLS.* PER CENT OF TOTAL NXTMBER IN UNITED STATES. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. Num- ber. Value. All fowls. Chickens and guinea fowls. Turkeys. Ducks. Geese. 1910 1900 Per ct. of in- crease.2 1910 1910 1910 1910 1910 1910 1910 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 4,431,980 5,676,788 -21.9 $3, 194, 607 1,765,031 *613, 282 2,730,994 *762,374 6,458 *18,328 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 27,202 27,296 - 0.3 57,553 37,852 25,865 95,451 53,468 29 285 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.8 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.9 0.6 0.5 Middle Atlantic 84,797 117,231 -27.7 140,328 166, 729 81,501 680,996 281,768 .351 1,601 8.8 9.0 8.7 9.2 6.8 7.3 12.7 7.6 1.9 2.1 East North Central 638,907 933,817 -31.6 656,291 232,312 77, 197 351,102 76,744 574 1,343 24.3 24.6 24.7 24.9 19.0 22.8 18.8 21.3 14.4 16.4 West North Central 961,045 965,209 -0.4 862, 561 223,998 75,129 662,492 103,051 1,210 3,254 30.0 27.6 30.3 28.0 22.6 23.8 27.9 29.2 21.7 17.0 South Atlantic 679,872 908,908 -25.2 402,756 413,032 143,165 280,517 91,279 1,175 2,704 9.4 9.8 9.2 9.5 14.3 12.3 11.4 9.6 15.3 16.0 East South Central 1,145,929 1,. 534, 894 -25.3 548, 150 342,026 104,202 105,950 23,013 1,416 3,046 9.1 10.3 8.8 9.8 13.1 12.0 11.9 11.7 25.9 27.0 West South Central 824, 120 1,054,270 -21.8 425,262 333,408 95, 715i 197, 155 31,501 1,120 3, 149 10.6 12.0 10.5 11.7 16.8 16.4 12.0 14.6 18.6 18.6 Mountain 26,946 15,676 71.9 45,451 8,383 5,247j 72,741 19,536 220 1,177 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.3 2.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.8 Pacific 43, 162 119,487 -63.9 56, 155 7, 291 5,20l! 284,530 82,014 363 1,769 3.4 2.8 3.4 2.8 4.3 3.4 2.2 3.1 1.0 2 1 The North 1,711,951 2,043,553 —16.2 1,716,733 660,891 2.59,092' 1,790, 101 515,031 2,164 6,483 65.5 6.3.8 60.1 64.8 49. 1 54.6 61. 1 60.0 38.6 36.0 The South 2,649,921 3,498,072 -24.2 1,376,168 1,088,466 343, aS2! 583, 622 145, 793 3,711 8,c,09 29.2 32.1 28.5 31.1 44.2 40.8 35.2 35.9 .59.8 61.6 The West 70, 108 135, 163 -48.1 101,606 15,674 10, 508, 357, 271 101,550 583 2,940 5. 4 4.1 5.4 4.1 6.7 4.6 3.7 4.2 1.6 2.4 East of the Mississippi . . 2,-576,707 3,522,146 -26.8 1,805,078 1,191,951 431,930 1,514,076 520, 272 3,545 8,979 54.0 56.2 53.9 56.2 5.3.9 55. 1 .56.5 52.0 58.1 63.0 West of the Mississippi. . 1,855,273 2, 154,642 -13.9 1,389,429 573,080 181,352, 1,216,918 236, 102 2,913 9,349 46.0 43.8 46.1 43.8 46. 1 44.9 43.5 48.0 41.9 38.0 1 Includes guinea fowls. 3 A minus sign (—) denotes decrease. ’ Included with chickens in 1900. * Not reported in 1900. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. 335 It will be seen that in 1910 the West North Central division reported 30 per cent of the total number of fowls in the country. The East North Central divi- sion ranked next with 24.3 percent, and the West South Central next with 10.6 per cent. There has been no marked change in the distribution of fowls since 1900. The distribution of the number of chickens and guinea fowls naturally corresponds more or less closely with that of all fowls, but the distribution of turkeys, ducks, and geese is somewhat different. The absolute increase in number of chickens between 1900 and 1910 was greatest in the West North Central division, but the percentage of increase was not so high in that division as in the Mountain and Pacific divi- sions. The two South Central divisions show relatively low percentages of increase in the number of chickens. In nearly every division the number of turkeys, of ducks, and of geese feU off. Table 35 in the next column shows the average value of fowls on farms. In the case of chickens, turkeys, and ducks the average values in 1910 were lowest in the West South Central division and highest in New England. New England also shows the highest average for geese, while the lowest is that for the East South Central division. The average value of fowls of all classes combined shows a marked increase from 1900 to 1910 in every division. Table 35 DIVISION. AVERAGE VALUE or ALL FOWLS. aysBaOK vaxns: 1910 Chickens. Turkeys. Ducks. Geese. Guinea fowls. Pigeons. Peafowls. Ostriches. | 1910 1900 United States $0.62 $0.34 $0.60 $1.79 $0.64 $0.72 $0.36 $0.28 $2.84 $316.39 New England 0. 74 0.55 0. 73 3.08 0.98 2.12 0.68 0.56 9.83 Middle Atlantic 0.68 0.45 0.67 2.49 0. 80 1.65 0.49 0. 41 4.56 East North Central 0.54 0.34 0.53 1.90 0.59 1.03 0.33 0.22 2.34 West North Central 0.50 0.33 0.48 1.88 0. 51 0.90 0.34 0.16 2.69 South Atlantic 0.49 0.35 0.46 1.72 0.46 0.59 0.35 0.33 2. .30 m. i? East South Central 0.44 0.31 0.42 1.64 0.38 0.48 0.30 0.22 2.15 West South Central 0.38 0. 25 0.36 1.24 0.37 0.52 0.29 0. 16 2.81 393.08 Mountain 0.82 0.42 0.55 2.11 0. 77 1.69 0.63 0.27 6. 35 338.88 Pacific 0.62 0.45 0.57 2.24 0.74 1.30 0. 72 0.29 4.87 211.96 Table 36 (page 336) shows, for each geographic divi- sion and state, the number and value of aU fowls on farms at the censuses of 1910 and 1900, together with the number of chickens and guinea fowls com- bined and the number of turkeys, ducks, and geese combined. ALL, FOWLS ON FARMS. NUMBER. BY STATES: APRIL 15, 1910. 336 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. POULTRY AND BEES ON FARMS— NUMBER AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1910 AND 1900, Xablc liU ALL FOWLS. 1 CHICKENS AND GUINEA FOWLS. TUEKEYS, DUCKS, AND GEESE. COLONIES OP BEES. I>lVIS|f)N OR STATE. Number. Value. Number. Number. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States 29S, S80, 190 250, 624, 038 $154,663,220 $85,807,818 282, 110, 164 233,566,021 11,027,213 17,057,333 3,445,006 4, 108, 239 $10,373,615 $10,178,087 Geoor-iphio divisions; New Kngland 7,078,636 6, 606, 246 5,238,461 3,611,668 6,879, 770 6,440, 678 103,386 165,568 40,627 50,713 195,959 206, 151 Middle Atlantic 26, 004,625 22,473,907 17,775,385 10,095,094 24,616,229 21,511,436 707,049 962, 471 291,659 362,996 1,166,587 1,164,581 Kast North Central 71,941,382 61,558,039 39,070,998 20,819, 906 69, 703, 725 58, 104, 189 1,885,921 3,453,850 545,938 654,979 1,800,931 1,897, 163 West North Ontral 88,684,488 69, 298,838 44,226,368 22,596, 723 85,416,649 65,364,879 2,604, 137 3,933,959 546, 693 532,877 1,729,683 1,608,512 South Atlantic 27,858,263 24,472,713 13,631,507 8,545,899 26,040,0.35 22,29.3,912 1,536,444 2,178,801 678,439 854, 909 1,574,577 1,664,636 East South Central 26,918,569 25,851,926 11,873,198 8,063,673 24,837,080 22,965,751 1,974, 123 2,886,175 506,962 730,234 1,117,145 1,459,835 West South Central 31,501,899 30,170,335 11,910,631 7,612,990 29, 509, 702 27,333,880 1, 793, 763 2,836,419 379,842 559, 150 997,825 1,053,562 Mountain 5,708,606 3,265,650 4,656,963 1,362,014 5,475,726 3,116,639 155, 891 148,561 172,654 146,482 784,056 492,539 Pacific 10,183,722 6,926,384 6,279,709 3,099,851 9,631,248 6,434,657 266,499 491,529 282, 192 215,899 1,006,852 631,108 New England: Maine 1,735,962 1,585,564 1,131,921 756, 153 1,718,240 1,564,853 13,280 20,711 7,592 10,857 40,357 51,459 New Ilampshire 924,859 877,939 649,121 467, 104 907,807 870, 461 6,959 7,478 4,644 5,520 23,593 24,665 Vermont 938,524 843,163 607, 787 421,195 915,526 806,451 18, 759 36, 712 10,215 12,836 44,349 46,953 ■Massachusetts 1,798,380 1,680,693 1,492,961 1,018,119 1, 715, 435 1,625,269 38,111 55,424 7,464 8,381 39,683 35,751 Rhode Island 415,209 520,514 368,018 305,047 396,981 500, 618 8,353 19,896 1,267 1,681 6,138 6,795 Connecticut 1,265,702 1,098,373 988,653 644,050 1,225,781 1,073,026 17,924 25,347 9,445 11,438 41,839 40,528 Middle Atlantic: New York 10, 678,836 9,352,412 7,879,388 4,310,755 10,265,939 8,964,736 300, 755 387, 676 156, 360 187,208 646,848 593, 784 New Jersey 2,597,448 2,076,514 2,221,610 1,300,853 2,342,451 1,993,594 59,254 82,920 10,484 14,118 41,560 39,219 Pennsylvania 12, 728,341 11,044,981 7,674,387 4,483,486 12, 007,839 10,553,106 347,040 491,875 124,815 161,670 478, 179 531,578 East North Central: Ohio 17,342,289 15,018,352 9,532, 672 5,085,921 16,904,166 14,269,525 382,328 748, 827 98,242 151,391 275, 726 402,561 Indiana 13, 789, 109 11,949,821 7, 762,015 4, 222,409 1.3,273,585 11,103,006 463,304 846,815 80,938 117, 148 230, 478 278,864 Illinois 21,409,835 17, 737, 262 11,696,650 6,415,033 20, 647,947 16,600,728 617, 469 1,136,534 155,846 179, 953 487, 733 486,164 Michigan 9,967,039 8,405,060 5, 610,958 2,685,829 9, 724, 713 8,033,531 202,778 371,529 115,274 100,397 446,464 352,469 Wisconsin 9,4.33,110 8, 447,544 4,468,703 2,410.714 9,153,314 8,097,399 219,982 350, 145 95,638 106,090 360,530 377, 105 West North Central: Minnesota 10,697,075 8,142,693 4, 646, 960 2, 274,649 10,304, 776 7,730,940 346,765 411,753 56, 677 45, 877 221, 781 167,280 Iowa 23, 482, 880 20,043,343 12,269, 881 6,5.35, 464 22, 730, 118 18,907,673 564,669 •1,135, 670 160,025 138, 811 517 329 443,923 Missouri 20,897, 208 16,076,713 11,870,972 5, 720,359 19,992,410 14,903,601 832, 570 1,173,112 203,569 205, 110 584,549 508,217 North Dakota 3,268.109 1,489,380 1, 485, 463 477,358 3,097,692 1,409,285 132,015 80,095 495 279 3,086 1,474 South Dakota 5,251,348 3, 178, 285 2,356,465 856,966 4,936, 814 3,028,700 199,527 149, 585 6, 565 2,063 31,650 10,088 Nebraska 9,351,830 7,812,239 4, 219, 158 2,374,930 9,033,353 7,417,837 214,016 394,402 45,625 52, 143 152,676 199,563 Kansas 15,736,038 12,556, 185 7,377,469 4,356,997 15, 321,486 11,966,843 314,575 589,342 73, 737 88,594 218,612 277,967 South Atlantic: Delaware 876,081 665, 282 560, 146 357, 475 798,345 628, 866 23,082 36,416 6, 410 10, 187 13,609 20,244 Maryland 2,908,958 2,305,'64S 1,858,570 1,158,020 2,702,403 2,113,544 134,098 192, 101 23, 156 28,013 6i,603 61,013 District of Columbia 8,349 8, 293 6,477 3,108 7,433 8,004 196 289 151 59 790 199 Virginia - - 6,099,581 5,041,470 3,395, 962 1,886,768 5, 738,011 4,590,311 321,930 451,159 104,005 139,064 302,6'23 308,417 West Virginia 3,310,155 .3,053,071 1,628,700 9a3,805 3, 121,055 2,759,585 181,300 293, 486 110,673 111,417 388,937 375,622 North Carolina 5,053,870 4,379,961 2,212,570 1,4.34,158 4, 643, 447 3,871,858 384,000 508, 103 189,178 244,539 386,683 429,868 South Carolina 2,946,414 2, 908,319 1,206,615 889,953 2,778,122 2, 664, 784 139,713 243,535 75, 422 93,958 134, 622 142,677 Georgia 5,328,584 4,926, 452 2,088,653 1,458,055 4,991,612 4, 549,144 293,480 377, 308 130,549 187,919 187,242 242, 769 Florida 1,326, 271 1,184,220 673,814 394,557 1,259,607 1,107,816 58,645 76, 404 38, 895 39, 7.53 98,468 83,827 East South Central: Kentucky 8, 764, 204 7,855,468 4, 461,871 2, 723, 221 8,047,178 6,849, 079 686, 930 1,006,389 152,991 203,820 419,379 527,098 Tennessee 8, 056, 145 6, 971, 737 3,757,337 2, 275,864 7,410,314 6,184,210 627,493 787,527 144,481 225, 788 340,619 4S0, 536 ■Alabama 5,028,104 5,186,536 1,807,239 1,409,269 4, 708, 474 4,737,606 286, 233 448, 930 135,140 205,369 212,921 287,598 Mississippi 5,070,116 5,838, 185 1,846,751 1,655,319 4,671,114 5, 194,856 373, 467 643,329 74,350 95,257 141,226 158,603 West South Central: Arkansas 5,788,570 6, 092, 876 2, 063,432 1,540,006 5,234,957 5,393,157 537,028 699, 719 92, 731 111,138 200,049 204,340 Louisiana 3,542,447 4, 299,479 1,326, 614 1,057,889 3,291,128 3, 890, .563 226,258 408,916 29,591 35, 231 58,188 54,316 Oklahoma 8,501,237 2 4,916,598 3,713,943 2 1,416,127 8,093,918 »4,487,a58 346,904 2 428, 740 19,413 2 20, 137 64, 261 3 45,423 Texas 13, 669, 645 14,861,382 4,806, 642 3,598,968 12,889,699 13,562,302 083,573 1,299,044 238, 107 392,644 675,327 749,483 Mountain; Montana 966,690 1,053,876 556,679 540,009 628, 436 296,806 203,127 923,173 531,774 3i,7:ii 32,016 24,905 23,597 1,801 32,112 8,139 64, 99-1 Idaho 598, 190 1,013,401 .516,412 21,903 19,240 100, 148 W yoming 341,050 149, .564 194,078 60,397 325,365 142,136 11,002 7, 428 4, .596 1,020 20,493 5,322 Colorado 1,721,445 1,017,120 1,012,251 39.3,219 1,618,246 968, 761 4:i, 135 48,359 71,434 59, 756 308,608 195, Ol"' New Mexico 531,625 163,015 256,406 62,419 511,845 156,853 10, 780 6,162 10,052 6,164 46,300 20,802 Arizona 268, 762 174,972 1,. 545, 966 103, 298 2,53, 1 18 165,200 8,023 9,322 23, 770 18,991 104,374 66,60:i Utaii 691,941 556, 753 327,908 186,922 673,911 534,842 14, 710 21,911 26, 185 33,818 123,568 111,452 Nevada 1.33,217 107,538 93, 668 55,826 126,667 100, 661 4, 488 6,877 8,401 5,692 48,453 20, 131 PAcme; Washington 2, 272, 775 1,356,715 1,367,440 614,838 2,205,9:14 1,190,039 44,086 160,076 ,33,884 30,870 126,895 106,841 Oregon 1,823,680 1,373,203 1,067, 743 582,524 1,7.56,340 1,290,818 r>l , 555 82,385 47,285 55,585 1.50,164 160,382 California 6,087,267 4,196,466 3,844,526 1,902,489 5,608,974 3,947,200 170,858 249,068 201,02.3 129, 444 729, 793 363,88;‘> ■ lrioltKie.s number and value of pigeons, peafowls, and ostriohe.s in 1010. aud number and value of ostriches in 1900. Pigeons and peafowls not enumcraUd prior to 1910. • Includes Indian 'I'erritory. LIVE STOLE ON FARMS AND ELSEWHERE. BEES ON FAEMS. 337 The number of colonies of bees and their value at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 are shown, by divisions and states, in Table 36 (page 336) in connection with the statistics for poultry. • In the United States as a whole there were reported 3,445,000 colonies of bees on farms in 1910, as compared with 4,108,000 in 1900, a decrease of 663,000 colonies, or 16.1 per cent. There was, how- ever, a shght increase in the total value. The average value per colony increased from $2.48 to $3.01. The number of farms reporting bees also decreased mate- rially, being 586,000 in 1910 as agamst 707,000 in 1900. Such farms represented 9.2 per cent of the total number of farms in 1910, as compared with 12.3 per cent in 1900. The average number of colonies per farm reporting was 5.9 in 1910, or practically the same as in 1900. Table 37 shows the percentage of the total number of colonies of bees in each geographic dirision and the average value per colony. The South Atlantic division reported in 1910 almost one-fifth of the entire number of colonies of bees in the United States, a larger proportion than any other geograpliic division. The other divisions which DOMESTIC ANIM.A In compliance with the requirements of the Thir- teenth Census act the Census Bureau collects statis- tics of domestic animals, not only on farms, but also in barns and inclosures not on farms — in cities and villages and elsewhere. Animals not on farms con- sist mainly of those kept more or less permanently, such as draft animals and dairy cows, but they also include considerable numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine which are temporarily held in cities and villages pending slaughter or sale. The statistics for the sev- eral classes are not subdivided according to age groups in this bulletin. It may be stated, however, that a relatively larger proportion of the animals not on farms are of adult age than in the case of those on farms, and for this reason comparison between the censuses of 1900 and 1910, with reference to the total number of animals of each kind, is less seriously affected by the change in the date of enumeration than in the case of animals on farms. Table 38 (pages 338 and 339) shows, by geographic divisions and states, the number of domestic animals not on farms at the censuses of 1910 and 1900 and their value at the census of 1910 only, statistics of value for such animals not having been collected in 1900. As might be expected, draft animals are relatively much more important in cities and villages than other domestic animals. Of the total value of domestic animals not on farms in 1910, $463,280,000, or nearly 72497°— 13 22 rank relatively high in bee culture are the West North Central, East North Central, East South Central, and West South Central, in the order named. The Mountain and Pacific divisions, however, reportcid a decidedly larger proportion of the total number of colonies in 1910 than in 1900. The average value per colony in 1910 ranged from $4.82 in the New England division and $4.54 in the Mountain division to $2.20 in the East South Central division; in every division it was higher in 1910 than in 1900, the change being most marked in the Mountain and Middle Atlantic divisions. Table 37 DIVISION. PER CENT OF TOTAL COLONIES. AVERAGE VALUE PER COLONY. 1910 1900 1910 1900 United States ^ 100.0 100.0 $3.01 $2.48 New England 1.2 1.2 4.82 4.07 Middle Atlantic 8.5 8.8 4.00 3.21 East North Central 15 8 15.9 3.30 2.90 West North Central 15.9 13.0 3. 16 3.02 South Atlantic 19.7 20.8 2.32 1.95 East South Central 14.7 17.8 : 2.20 2.00 West South Central 11.0 13.6 2.63 1.88 Mountain 5.0 3.6 4.54 3.36 Pacific 8.2 5.3 3.57 2.92 3 NOT ON FARMS. seven-eighths, represents the value of horses, mules, and asses and burros. All cattle, with a value of $60,816,000, made up the larger part of the remainder. It is noteworthy that in each of the four geo- graphic divisions constituting the North there was a decline between 1900 and 1910 in the number of cattle not on farms, while in each of the five geo- graphic divisions constituting the South and West there was an increase. The same statement holds true with regard to horses, except that a slight in- crease took place in the number of horses in the Middle Atlantic division. Differences in the ratio which urban population bears to rural jiopulation and differences in the rate of growth in urban population among the different divi- sions of the country* doubtless have something to do with the differences among them in the rate of increase of cattle and of horses not on farms. In the country as a whole urban population (that is, that in cities and villages of 2,500 or more inliabitants) increased more than three times as fast as rural population between 1900 and 1910. It should be noted, however, that in many of the larger cities increasing stringency of sanitary regulations has tended to reduce the number of cattle kept for dairy purposes, and also that in the larger cities the increased use of automobiles has tended to reduce the number of horses and other draft animals. 1 2 3 4 £ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1C 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 £7 58 59 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS— VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY (Seo text with reference to date of enumeration.] 'I'ublo 38 VALUE OF CATTLE. HORSES. MULES. DIVISION OR STATE. ALL DOMESTIC animals: Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. * Value. 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 United States GEOGiuriiic divisions: Now England $536,361,526 1,878,782 1, 616, 422 $60,816,261 3,182,789 2,936, 881 $422,204,393 270,371 173, 908 $39,374,534 40, 439,958 50,495 57,171 2,050,038 238,037 271,001 37,806,415 834 657 140,493 Middle Atlantio 121,903,902 153,719 173,305 5,919,042 026,990 609,383 110,424,383 25,127 25, 199 3,910,140 East North Central 105,497,651 283,200 325,728 10, 710,926 732,992 749, 389 89,083,221 24,933 16,500 3,309,826 West North Central 84,640,348 317,753 342,153 11,120,590 571,221 572, 584 65,775,491 31,054 26,376 4,467,994 South Atlantio 45,348,903 233,990 148,418 6,520,006 203,928 158,550 28,090, 522 55,285 26,259 8,i25,466 East South Central 33,796,963 258,464 174, 616 7,475,455 143,383 119,172 18,400,120 45,229 29, ,00 6,617,499 West South Central 51, 212, 264 399,326 269,383 10,609,804 297,686 212, 109 29,974,135 64,625 38, 792 8, 758, 252 Moiuitaiii 22, 162, 408 90,917 56,037 3,390.552 161,211 108,036 16,372,221 9,491 5,909 1,285,061 Pacific New England: 31,353,069 84,912 69,011 3,013,248 207,341 130,657 25,617,885 13, 793 4,396 2,159,803 Maine 4,796,026 9,700 15,623 362, 654 29,622 34,011 4,341,987 67 50 15,106 New llampshiro 2,584,475 4,473 5,079 166,658 18, 101 22, 367 2,363,802 45 30 5,500 Vermont 2,581,230 5,876 8,401 207,608 18,806 20,365 2,305,409 192 31 28,458 Massachusetts 20,482,394 19,896 18,451 875,189 115, 186 133, 619 19,423,642 271 490 44, 778 Rhode Island 3,372, 254 2,654 1,643 117,430 17,802 19,980 3,200,056 76 9 13, 795 Connecticut 6,623,579 7,896 7,974 321,093 38, 520 40, 059 6,225,519 183 47 32,856 Middle Atlantic: New York 63,722,021 47,508 55,555 2,017,616 303, 256 305,937 60,371,030 3,490 1,866 726,716 New Jersey 17,523,864 14,512 17,405 680,897 90,384 83,191 10,476,601 1,519 1,123 259,491 Pennsylvania 40,658,017 91,699 100,345 3, 220, 529 227,350 220, 255 33,576,752 20, 118 22,210 2,923,933 East Noktii Central: Ohio 25,221,650 62,388. 64,612 2,240,857 188,041 189,965 21,669,209 0,840 4,772 843,667 Indiana 16,697,433 54, 157 52,619 2, 144, 226 120,032 128,229 13,445,162 5,710 4,423 709,362 Illinois 34, 791,060 77,255 115,034 3, 223, 121 234, 629 242,919 28,833,742 10,838 6,408 1,523,689 Michigan 15, 700, 343 47,385 49,292 1,745,203 100,238 102,539 13,660,280 700 380 105,514 Wisconsin 13,087, 159 42,015 44,171 1,357,519 89, 452 85,737 11,474,828 845 457 127,594 West North Central: Minnesota 12,862,351 53,946 47,412 1,721,245 83,054 85,600 10,809,499 1,017 827 172,823 Iowa 17,929,607 61, 705 79,880 2,229, 183 123,370 154, 775 14,628,589 3,477 5,238 472, 190 Missouri 20,814,834 75,941 84,270 2,720,956 132,068 129,513 14,919, 261 15,245 12,742 2,184,510 North Dakota 3,415,679 12,429 9,653 401,580 22,214 16, 114 2,854, 134 716 235 117,747 South Dakota 4,942,544 17,033 15,375 534,208 34,622 24,945 4, 157, 070 794 509 127,465 N ebraska 10,361,943 40,488 43,999 1,469,662 69, 762 68,021 7,758,501 2,859 2,800 399,200 Kansas 14,319,390 56,211 61,564 2,043,756 105,531 92,956 10,648,437 6,946 4,025 994,059 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,213,301 1,172 1,240 43,647 7,219 6,702 1,092,074 353 297 51,180 Maryland 7,195,972 14,710 14,064 484, 112 40, 121 39, 734 • 5,952,420 3,509 2,223 560,987 District of Columbia 1,786,985 029 615 27,532 11,604 11,599 1,589,340 1,154 276 167,553 Virginia 6, 835, 454 36,661 28,391 1,078, 182 35,908 28,094 4,549,316 6,629 3, 102 948,953 West Virginia 4,941,574 31,524 15,762 1,053,931 22,250 18,097 2,912,300 0,508 3,495 781,927 North Carolina 6,293,163 36,528 20,899 996,410 26, 702 15, 780 3, 700, 148 8,436 3,176 1,302,476 South Carolina 3,790,112 22,396 15,259 657,496 14,517 9,855 2,157,501 5,474 2,832 889,082 Georgia 9,162,242 63,172 37,886 1,530,692 31,528 21,104 4,701,251 15,556 7,000 2,653,081 Florida 4, 130, 160 27,204 14,302 648,004 14,073 7,585 2,036, 106 7,006 3,258 1,364,227 East South Central: 10,3^0,988 Kentucky 55,719 36,491 2,398,411 49,462 45,548 6,156,048 11,001 7,445 1,431,117 Tennessee 10,307, 140 55,292 50,370 1,006,067 43, 753 39,216 6,079,213 14,302 10,591 2,167,005 Alabama 7,483,063 75,297 49,736 1,730,548 20,905 18,075 3,454,633 12,907 7,362 2,028,359 Mississippi 5,675,772 72, 156 38,019 1,740,429 23,203 15, 733 2,710,226 0,959 4,302 990,418 West South Central: Arkansas 6,631,812 63,632 45,740 1,374,753 3.3,040 25,510 3,595,799 9,728 7,383 1,358,306 Louisiana 6,625,811 57,900 29,336 1,292,087 33,281 20,345 3,177,907 12,220 7,012 1,907,804 Oklahoma 11,685,338 72,980 • 26,892 1,971,439 77,852 •35,823 7,091,073 11,090 •5,027 1,511,603 Texas 26, 209,303 204,814 167,415 5,971,525 153,513 124,431 15,509,356 30,976 19,370 3,920,539 Mountain: Montana 3,474,331 11,200 6,458 400,723 24,306 17,275 2,833,906 491 361 72,560 Idaho 3,058,357 10,040 5,683 357,099 20,020 12,208 2,512,517 679 507 110,680 Wyoming 1,488, 409 4,530 2,080 160,415 10, 484 9,371 1,145,358 728 820 114,059 Colorado 7,255,000 30,498 20,053 1,392, ,350 48, 129 36, 763 5, 157, 786 3,324 2,412' 501,886 New Mexico 1,773,512 13,649 4,931 343,242 17,350 9,725 1,083,447 1,629 637 176,470 Arizona 1,562,504 8,529 2,238 203,017 15,031 0,390 1,121,618 1,321 731 162,976 Utah 2,607,102 16,459 12,931 481, 140 18, 287 13,002 1,865,027 488 101 59,901 Nevada 883,013 2,000 1,057 57,960 0,944 3,302 052,502 931 340 86,529 Pactfic: Washington 7,558,077 21,730 19,121 820,526 44,017 22,459 0,350,366 1,804 407 289, 192 Oregon 4,997,977 17,006 15,290 688,005 30, 203 20,027 4, 124,078 1,377 610 232, 230 Califonila 18,797,015 40, 176 34,594 1,64)4,717 1.32,521 94, 171 16,142,841 10,012 3,479 1,638,381 Ineludes Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK ON FARMS AND ELSEWHER]^]. 339 CLASSES, IN 1910, WITH NUMBER OF EACH CLASS, IN 1910 AND 1900, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. [See text with reference to date of enumeration, ] Table 38 — Continued. ASSES AND BURROS. SHEEP. GOATS. SWINE. DIVISION OR STATE, Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1 United States 16, 602 15, 847 $1,701,386 390, 887 231, 301 $1,822,943 114,670 78,353 $366,749 1,287,960 1, 818, 114 $10,076,280 Geographic divisions: • 2 New England 96 108 5,687 7,495 11,113 32,394 1,399 935 10,519 32,063 44, 193 333,812 3 Middle Atlantic 387 1, 100 30, 137 28,392 38,416 186, .390 8,932 11,344 62,820 142,821 235,476 1,370,990 4 East North Central 934 1,057 172,035 55,472 79,862 303,820 6,747 7,055 29, 679 179,397 391,936 1,888,144 5 West North Central 2, 198 2, 198 002,017 53,050 24,617 322,838 3,115 3, 190 15,484 223,522 4.34,074 2,341,334 6 South Atlantic 524 675 75,578 10, 195 15,829 28,434 9,663 7,391 27,827 2.30,418 229,204 1,281,130 7 East South Central 974 1,366 180, 156 12,360 16,278 38,763 9,661 8,750 21,340 192,852 211,508 1,063,630 8 West South Central 3,750 3,275 435,583 8,058 14,639 23, 399 22,245 17,770 46, 703 238,836 220, 725 1,364, ,388 9 Mountain 6,395 5,440 106,558 145,922 8,725 631,322 43,322 17,846 111,020 28,549 16,265 259, 074 10 Pacific 1,244 628 93,035 69,343 21,822 255, 583 9,586 4,072 40,357 19,502 34,733 173, 158 New England: 11 Maine 19 18 1,400 2,023 7,093 7,331 39 36 227 5,668 9,545 67,261 12 New Hamnshire 5 11 170 345 589 1,756 59 45 389 4,012 5,759 46,200 13 Vermont 2 5 100 201 945 1,269 20 49 133 3,522 5,420 38,253 14 Massachusetts 36 55 1,587 4,329 2,259 18,792 643 493 4,829 12,010 17,219 113,577 15 Rhode Island 8 1 380 108 78 558 243 75 1,968 2,969 1,360 32,061 16 Connecticut 26 18 1,990 489 149 2,688 395 237 2,973 3,882 4,890 36,460 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 144 421 15,427 23,608 18,048 156,874 2,523 3,046 20,861 32,316 52, 176 413,497 18 New Jersey 55 78 2,898 207 10,301 3,049 2,111 1,750 16,503 9,264 25,9.54 84,425 19 Pennsylvania 188 601 11,812 4,577 10,067 26,467 4,298 6,548 25,456 101,241 157,346 873,068 East North Central: 20 Ohio 139 212 14,294 8,868 9,393 38,505 1,134 1, 149 6,852 47,125 97,226 408,266 21 Indiana 243 226 53, 466 5,633 6,309 25,647 922 797 3,434 36,549 77,395 316, 136 22 Illinois 412 429 94,263 31,069 54,891 191,308 1,900 2,984 10,253 70,973 166, 944 914, 690 23 Michigan 74 89 6,001 6,453 5,474 32,231 2,116 603 6,128 13,894 22,908 144,986 24 Wisconsin 66 101 4,011 3,449 3,795 16,129 675 1,522 3,012 10,856 27,463 104,066 West North Central: 25 Miimesota 100 55 20,608 2, 162 4,128 10,497 373 288 2,076 10,365 17,845 125,603 26 Iowa 199 503 52, 227 1,206 2,857 7, 154 417 807 1,857 45, 427 128, 138 538, 407 27 Missouri 710 658 191,447 1 17,850 8,707 106,515 1,422 988 5, 191 78,557 109,678 686, 954 28 North Dakota 23 18 7,655 1,188 439 5, 156 133 58 1,073 2,461 3,016 28,334 29 South Dakota 65 43 18, 563 884 428 5,023 105 54 563 7, 426 9,133 9^,652 30 Nebraska 326 308 96,604 20,029 6,026 140,495 304 384 1,719 42,379 93,094 495, 762 31 Kansas 775 613 215,513 10,331 2,032 47, 998 361 611 3,005 36,907 73, 170 366,622 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 4 4 795 15 11 75 39 62 165 3,729 4, 130 25,365 33 Maryland 55 72 10,525 671 2,975 3, 242 384 384 2,331 24,424 41,910 176,355 34 District of Columbia 6 1 485 1 30 3 78 64 587 170 332 1,485 35 Virginia 71 209 10,480 2,882 2,685 9,522 513 1,010 2, 253 38,771 52, 829 236, 748 36 West Virginia 56 58 8,720 1,358 1,836 5, 133 255 672 1,542 25,406 22,185 178,015 37 North Carolina 74 92 9,205 1,579 1, 122 3,115 1,744 1,124 6, 222 50, 241 40,009 276,587 38 South Carolina 54 54 5,836 369 522 1,100 1,044 681 3,144 13,017 12,030 75, 953 39 Georgia 162 126 25,380 2,914 5,762 5,409 3,257 2,046 7,375 52,562 40, 157 239,064 40 Florida 42 59 4, 152 406 886 835 2, 349 1,348 4,208 22,098 15,622 72,568 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 245 379 47,585 1,954 3,489 8,626 907 636 3,651 40,117 54, 452 285,550 42 Tennessee 453 543 85,914 3, 487 3,266 12,525 2,066 1,457 6,367 55, 729 82,912 349, 449 43 Alabama 141 200 16,387 1,783 6,404 4,241 4,918 4,762 8,200 53,283 51,018 240,695 44 Mississippi 135 244 30, 270 5, 136 3,119 13,371 1,770 1,895 3,122 43, 723 23,126 187,936 West South Central: 45 Arkansas 269 254 51,505 1,187 2,666 2,945 2,084 1,777 4,453 56,173 53,010 244,051 46 Louisiana 112 270 8,974 2,602 2,099 6,003 3,775 2,091 8,824 40,564 24,392 164,212 47 Oklahoma 671 1305 172, 460 261 1378 796 1,485 1525 5,254 48,404 1 30,056 332,713 48 Texas 2,698 2,446 202,644 4,008 9,496 13,655 14, 901 13,377 28, 172 93, 695 113,267 623, 412 Mountain: 49 Montana 22 17 8, 155 33,579 97 128, 146 60 10 402 2,538 933 30,379 50 Idaho 41 229 8,234 7, 874 1,044 42,047 94 19 820 2,851 3, 467 26,360 51 Wyoming 28 52 425 11,080 152 58,082 541 3 2, 795 743 139 7,275 52 Colorado 1,362 2,029 29,205 8, 473 763 36,694 4,008 3,946 11,852 13,957 3,047 126,227 53 New Mexico 1,662 1,567 18,454 23,938 3,060 74, 487 24, 410 12,216 61,626 2,312 1,440 15,786 54 Arizona 2,878 1,466 27,270 1,131 123 2,817 12,779 1,591 29,783 1,304 712 15,083 55 Utah 53 39 6,810 39, 789 3,415 216, 443 1,368 42 3,490 4,252 6,036 34,351 56 Nevada 349 41 7,945 20,058 71 72,606 62 19 252 592 491 5,213 Pacific: 57 Washington 114 23 32, 105 2,957 1,115 17,431 789 132 3,694 4,274 5,569 44,763 58 Oregon 73 45 15, 816 1,755 2, 476 5,580 1,684 334 4,034 3,060 5, 135 27,634 59 California 1,057 560 45,114 64,631 18, 231 232,572 7,113 3,606 32,629 12, 168 24,029 100, 761 > Includes Indian Territory. 340 ABSTIIACT OJ'^ THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. domestic; animals on farms and not on farms— value of domestic animals on and not on [See text with reference to date of enumeration.) 1 Table :iU DIVISION OR STATK. VALUE OF ALL DOMESTIC animals: 1910 CATTLE. HORSES. • MULES. Number. Value. Number. Value. I Number. Value. 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 1910 1900 1910 TJulted States *5, 296, 421, 619 63, 682, 648 <9,336,832 $1,880,339,888 23, 015, 902 21,203,901 $2,506,792,588 4, 480, 140 3,438,523 $564,766,397 Geographic divisions: 2 New England 132, 902,281 1,387,045 1,663,786 44,291,487 592, 792 656,697 81,924,491 2,563 2,052 423, 421 3 Middle Atlantic...- 452,117,315 4,386, 240 4,906,525 144,604,295 1,856,676 1,922,826 270,535,686 77,543 71,459 11,600,450 4 East North Central 1,040,953,904 10, 102,297 10, 858,042 282,655,046 5, 134,434 4,871,843 578,373,706 284,356 232,038 34,713,897 5 West North Central 1,590,364,249 17,965,467 20,431,252 460,774,897 7,365,413 6, 244,, 392 819,287,782 746,986 561,493 95,012,349 G South Atlantic 396,677,021 5,073,317 4,580, 168 96,069,538 1,315,115 1,229,620 150,049,647 804, 542 581,388 116,524,796 7 East South Central .389,840,927 4,200,990 3,843, 137 82,876,734 1,287,982 1,305,211 136,471,419 1,049,033 880,411 131, 726,037 8 West South Central 628, 1.38,956 11,120,338 14,471,525 213,849,304 2,646,715 2,450,833 212,592,335 1,351,003 977,579 154, 108,610 9 ■Mountain 405, 434, 549 6, 1.57,642 5,972,536 149, 666, 101 1,588,268 1,432,612 128,978,449 58,448 32,798 6,512,505 10 Pacific 259,992,417 3,289,312 2,608,861 85,562,466 1,228,507 1,089,867 127,579,073 105, 666 99,305 14, 138,332 New England: 11 Maine 28, 785, 587 266,223 .354, 470 8, 147,038 137, 196 140,310 18,706,743 425 403 87,552 12 New Hampshire 13,822,239 172, ,304 231,871 5, 406, 780 64,330 77,233 7, 630j 191 240 127 35, 181 13 Vermont 24,571,860 436, 190 510,341 12,036,500 99,587 105,896 10,896,766 621 362 81,998 14 Massachusetts .39, 601, 106 272,312 304,395 10,223,265 179, 469 208, 653 28,095,039 539 788 88, 163 15 Rhode Island 6,274,570 36,802 37, 677 1, 426, 524 27,349 31,370 4,630,233 139 47 24,950 16 Connecticut 19,756,919 203,214 225, 032 7,051,380 84,861 93, 235 11,964,919 599 325 105,577 Middle Atlantic: 17 New York 238,282,679 2, 470, 511 2, *51,944 85,079,858 894, 264 934,375 140,414,332 7,542 5,179 1,377,213 18 New Jersey 39,849,333 237,611 257, 38^ 9,074,014 185,306 177,215 28,489,113 5,560 6,011 881,265 19 Pennsylvania 173,985,303 1, 678, 218 1,997, 192 50,450,423 777, 106 811,236 101,632,241 64,441 60,269 9,347,972 East North Central: 20 Ohio 212,744,974 1,899,996 2,117,926 53, 644, 198 1,098,265 1,068, 170 120,579,847 29, 690 21, 543 3, 619, 498 21 Indiana 182,564,611 1, 417, 173 1, 737, 097 41,254,718 9.34,276 879,944 100, 563, 630 87,878 71,140 10,387,376 22 Illinois 331,410,219 2,517,832 3,219,044 76,677,866 1,687,516 1,593,138 192, 197, 142 158,671 131, 112 19,664,024 23 Michigan 147,446,691 1,545,208 1,425,700 42,245,521 710,271 689,098 84,972,754 4, 400 3,296 599,339 24 Wisconsin 166,787,409 2,722,089 2,358,276 68,832,743 704, 106 641, 493 80,060,333 3,717 4,947 443,660 West North Central: 25 Minnesota 169, 634, 200 2,401.381 1,918,737 52,027,617 836,838 782, 129 99,878,371 6, 792 9,166 905,546 26 Iowa 398,131,193 4,509,711 5,447,510 121,093,322 1,615,596 1,547,348 192,627,713 59,001 60,985 8,024,008 27 Missouri 294,181.496 2,637,423 3,062,859 75,604,620 1,205,455 1,096,550 128, 895, 824 357,945 296, 261 45,623,212 28 North Dakota no, 176,996 756, 191 667,087 18,112,978 672,813 376,062 86,315,873 8,411 7,115 1,266,748 29 South Dakota 129,783,554 1,552,309 1,562,175 36,791,442 703,984 505,713 77,600,048 13,218 7,313 1,796,082 30 Nebraska 228,210,993 2,972,838 3,220,242 74, 543,719 1,078,140 863,939 110,563,408 86,264 57,924 10,773,276 31 Kansas 260,245,811 3,135,614 4,552,642 82,601,199 1,252,587 1,072,651 123, 406, .545 215,355 122,729 26,623,477 South Atlantic: 32 Delaware 7,456,669 56, 158 55,420 1,691,980 40, 284 36,424 4,543,865 6,288 5,042 815,313 33 Maryland 37,845,933 302, 461 306,710 8,353,638 195,559 188,728 22,739,887 26,236 19,734 3,610,568 34 District of Columbia 1.932,558 1,611 2,077 102,837 12, 168 12,453 1.644,366 1,207 357 173,413 35 Virginia 78.028,297 895, 728 853,903 22, 202, 253 366,332 326,616 39,406,926 66,651 50, 576 8,544,469 36 West Virginia 46, 260, 010 651,812 655,544 16,914,695 202,247 203,285 21,495,687 18, 225 14,849 2,121,087 37 North Carolina 66,343,894 737,389 645, 417 13,546,464 192,853 174, 933 22, 128, 282 183,147 138, 786 25,002, 163 38 South Carolina 47,580,255 412, 278 358, 157 7,745,755 94,364 88,274 12,304.679 160,945 120,201 24,719,443 39 Georgia 87,280,340 1,143,488 937,377 15,591,650 151,596 148,511 18, 895, 090 310,904 214,921 46,627,692 40 Florida 23,949,065 872,392 765,563 9,910,266 59,713 50,396 6,890,865 30, 939 16,922 4,910,048 East South Central: 41 Kentucky 122,936,400 1 , 056, 656 1,119,739 28,369,982 492,496 497.245 50, 952, 168 236, 104 198,110 27,833,207 42 Tennessee 116,915,262 1,051,821 962,553 22, 296, 785 393,462 391,604 45.399,257 290, 167 264, 248 37,268,415 43 Alabama 71,057,737 1,007,725 849, 470 15,200,174 162.601 171,318 17.105,917 260,053 199, 432 33,005,576 44 Mississippi 78,931,528 1,084,788 911,375 17,009,793 239, 423 245,044 23,014,077 262,719 218,621 33,018,839 West South Central; 45 Arkansas 78,426,298 1,091,703 940,275 16,835,419 287,756 279,100 26,748,008 231,928 182,384 28,486,333 46 Louisiana 49,940,494 862, 695 699,631 12,897,441 214, 567 220,717 14,967,602 143,780 150, 982 17,592, 766 47 Oklahoma 160,338,321 2,026,540 1 3,236,008 4.5, 159,040 820,811 1557, 153 71,342,734 268, 762 > 117,562 .30.129,827 48 Texas 339, 433, 843 7,139,400 9,595,611 138,957,404 1,323,581 1,393,803 99,533,991 706, 533 526,651 77,899,684 Mountain: 49 Montana 88, 473,990 954,347 974,845 27,874,845 340,322 347,247 29,949,730 4,665 3,090 517,838 50 Idaho 52, 135, ,328 463,847 369,217 11,688,338 218,392 182,328 22,344,940 4,715 2,300 591,981 51 Wyoming 66,872,968 771,963 689.970 22, 857,802 160.. 546 144,914 13,572,196 2, 773 2,047 362,631 52 Colorado 76,095,545 1 , 158, 235 1,4,53,971 32,409,653 342, 164 273,309 32, .540, 71 2 18,063 9, 196 2, ,300, 421 53 New Mexico 44, 965, 425 1,095,312 990,790 20,753,207 190,875 140,878 8,951,761 16,466 6,948 1,639,482 54 Arizona 25,939,094 833,458 744.873 14.827,725 114,009 131,4.53 5,331,344 5,284 4,808 562, 42.5 55 Utah 30, 997,. 377 428, 793 356,621 9,429,842 133, %3 128, 886 11,864,862 2,76.5 2,277 217,. 398 56 Nevada 19,964,822 451,687 386, 249 9,824,689 75,397 ■ 83,. 597 4, ■122. 904 3,717 3,132 320,329 PAcinc: 57 Washington .54,928,862 423, 850 414,044 13,013,991 325, 189 266, 444 36,a3l,215 13,989 3,097 2,065,489 58 Oregon 63,241,898 742, 261 715,599 18, 158,690 301,911 307, 959 29,305,821 11,304 7,956 1,418,018 69 California 141.821,667 2,123, 201 1.479,218 .54,389,785 601,407 515. 464 62, 242, 037 80.373 88,252 10,854.825 ' lDclu 88, 741 254,660 27,076 1 14,826 67,941 1,887,434 * 1, 265, 189 12,330,354 48 Texas 23,106 18,855 1,922, 718 1,812,717 1,898, 794 6,315,019 1,150,145 640,710 2,542,249 2, 430, 058 2,778,881 12, 262, 778 Moxjntain: 49 Montana 182 145 63,336 5,414,325 6, 170, 580 29, 156, 215 , 5, 105 1,723 22,818 101, 799 50 , 429 889, 208 50 Idaho 388 591 108,226 3,018,352 3, 122, 576 15,939,239 5,813 4,500 37,517 181,197 117,547 1,425.087 51 Wyoming 269 466 28,115 5,408,241 5,099,765 29,724,310 3,280 2, 669 18,923 34,690 15,610 308,991 52 Colorado 4,595 7,542 165,997 1, 434, 687 2,045,577 6,892,881 35,619 41,379 92,496 193, 261 104,245 1,093, 385 53 New Mexico 13,514 17,469 181,486 3,370,922 4,902, 547 12,146,524 436, 460 236,352 1,001,328 47, 721 21,866 291,637 54 Arizona 9,982 6,091 100,362 1,227,864 924,884 4,403,331 259, 396 99,994 585,110 18,512 18,815 128, 797 55 Utah 1,213 927 75,056 1,866,969 3,821,838 8,851,178 30,382 1,469 79,037 68,538 71,768 480,004 56 Nevada 1,261 297 43,940 1,174,853 887,110 5, 173,934 4,911 4, 652 11,962 23, 752 15,665 157,064 Pacific: 57 Washington 287 183 114,510 478,512 930, 988 1,948,601 9, 410 3,008 35,356 210, 409 187, 104 1,719,690 58 Oregon 621 350 166, 593 2, 700,890 3,042,767 12, 219, 522 187,095 109,995 374,671 220,637 286,541 1,598,583 59 California 3,649 2, 787 392, 429 2, 482, 108 2, 581, .584 8, 581, 569 145,526 112, 627 353, 458 778,719 622, 365 5,207,564 Includes Indian Territory. 342 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. DOMESTIC ANIMALS ON FARMS AND NOT ON FARMS. Tlio table pi’esontod on tlie two ])rece(ling pages shows, by geograj)luc divisions and states, the com- bined number of domestic animals both on farms and not on farms for 1910 and 1900, respectively, and also the value for 1910. The following statement com- pares, for the United States as a whole, the data with regard to domestic animals on farms with those for animals not on farms: Table d,!! All domestic animals. HORSES, MULES, AND ASSES AND BURROS. All cattle. Dairy cows. Total. Horses. Mules. Asses and burros. Swine. Sheep. Goats. 1910--Numbor: Total On farms Not on farms 1900 -Number: Total On farms Not on farms lucroaso, 1900-1910: > Total— 63,082,048 01,803,806 1,878,782 69,335,832 67,719,410 1,016,422 21,795,770 20,025,432 1,170,338 18, 108, 666 17, 135,633 973,033 27,018,242 24, 148,580 3,469,002 24,752,430 21,625,800 3,126,636 23,015,902 19,833,113 3, 182, 789 21,203,901 18,267,020 2,936,881 4,480,140 4,209,769 270,371 3,438,523 3,264,615 173,908 122,200 105,698 16,502 110,012 94, 165 15,847 59,473,636 58, 185, 676 1,287,960 64,686, 155 62,868,041 1,818,114 52,838,748 62,447,861 390,887 61,735,014 61,503,713 231,301 3,029,795 2,915,125 114,670 1,948,952 1,870,599 78,353 Number -5, 653, 184 3,687, 104 2,865,806 1,812,001 1,041,617 12, 188 -5,212,519 -8,896,266 1,080,843 Per cent On farms— -8.2 20.4 11.6 8.5 30.3 11.1 -8.1 -14.4 55.5 Number -5,915,544 3,489,799 2,522,780 1,566,093 945, 154 ll;533 -4,682,365 -9,055,852 1,044,526 Per cent Not on farms— -8.7 20.4 11.7 8.6 29.0 12.2 -7.4 -14.7 55. S Number 262,360 197,305 343,026 245,908 8.4 96, 463 655 4.1 -530, 154 -29.2 159,586 69.0 36,317 46.4 I’cr cent Per cent of total, 1910; 10.2 20.3 ii.o 55.5 On farms 97.0 94.6 87. 4 86.2 94.0 86.5 13.5 97.8 2.2 99.3 0.7 96.2 3.8 Not on farms Value, 1910: 3.0 5.4 12.6 13.8 6.0 Total $5,296,421,619 $1,560,339,808 $753,237,930 $3,085,460,483 $2,505,792,588 $564,766,397 $14,901,498 $409,414,508 $234,664,528 $6,542,172 On farms $4,760,000,093 $1,499,523,007 $706,236,307 $2,622, 180,170 $463,280,313 $2,083,588,195 $525,391,863 $13,200,112 $399,.338,308 $232,841,585 $6,176,423 $365,749 Not on farms Average value per head, 1910: $536,361,526 $60,816,261 $47,001,623 $422,204,393 $39,374,534 $1,701,386 $10,076,260 $1,822,943 Total $24.50 $34. 56 $111.72 $108. 87 $126. 06 $121.94 $6.88 $4.44 $2. 16 Oa farms 324. 26 $34. 24 $108.59 $105.06 $132. 65 $124. 80 $145.63 $124.89 $103. 10 $6.86 $7.82 $4. 44 $4. 66 $2. 12 $3. 19 Not on farms Farms and inclosures report- ing: $32.37 $40. 16 $133.52 Total 8,048,346 6,034,783 »6, 184,262 5,284,916 6,008,095 5,140,869 6,085,585 4,692,814 1,943,671 52, 143 43,927 4,699,687 4,351,751 617,034 610,894 106,500 82,755 Farms Barns, and other inclosures not on i; 869; 005 farms 2,013,563 899,346 867,226 1,392,771 74,666 8,216 347,936 6, 140 23,745 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. It Avill be seen that in 1910 the total value of do- mestic animals, both on farms and not on farms, was $5,296,422,000, of which domestic animals not on farms contributed $536,362,000, or a little over one- tenth. Of the total number of horses, mules, and asses and burros in the country those not on farms constituted 12.6 per cent, while the corresponding proportion for cattle was only 3 per cent, for swine only 2.2 per cent, and for sheep only seven-tenths of 1 per cent. Of the cattle not on farms about three- fifths were dairy cows. Between 1900 and 1910 there was an increase of 16.2 per cent in the number of cattle not on farms, as against a decrease in those on farms. The rate of increase in the number of horses, mules, and asses and burros taken together was nearly the same for those not on farms as for those on farmk The changes in the number of swine and sheep not on farms have probably little significance. For every class of animals, except the unimportant class of asses and burros, the average value per head in 1910 was higher in the case of those not on farms than in the case of those on farms. This is due in part to the fact that a relatively larger proportion of the animals not on farms are of adult age than in the case of those on farms. Chapter 12. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS. Introduction. — This chapter summarizes the data collected by the Thirteenth Decennial Census for dairy products, wool and mohair, poultry and eggs, honey and wax, and domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms. The returns for these items at the census of 1910, like those for crops, relate to the activities of the calendar year 1909. It is impossible to give a total representing the value of the annual production of live stock products, for the reason that the total value of products of the business of raising domestic animals for use, sale, or slaughter can not be calculated from the census returns. And even if a total representing the value of the annual production of live stock products could be obtained and were added to the value of all crops (data for which are presented in Chapter 13), the sum would not accurately represent the total value of farm products for the year, because much duplication would result from the fact that part of the crops are fed to the live stock. DAIRY PRODUCTS. United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899. — The census statistics of dairy products are somewhat less complete and accurate than is believed to be the case with the statistics of the principal crops. Wliile many farms make the dairy business the main or an impor- tant feature of their operations, yet for the great majority it is more or less incidental, cows being kept chiefly for breeding purposes or to supply milk and butter for the farmer’s family. On such farms in particular,, records of dairy products are seldom kept, and farmers are usually able to make only rough esti- mates regarding them, and in many eases are unwiU- ing to make any estimates at all. Especial difficulty is encountered in securing reports of the total quantity of mUk produced. In many instances, even when farmers make replies to all the inquiries, it is probable that they understate the production, particularly by neglecting or underestimating the home consumption of mUk and other dairy products. The incompleteness of the returns is indicated by the fact that, whUe there were 5,140,869 farms in the United States for which the enumerators reported dairy cows on April 15, 1910, for only 4,413,333 of these farms were dairy products of any ’dnd reported as produced in 1909, and for only 4,01 ,460 was the quantity of mUk produced in 1909 stated. The total number of dairy cows on farms April 15, 1910, was reported as 20,625,000, while the number on farms which reported the production of any land of dairy products in 1909 was 18,746,000, or 90.9 per cent of the total number, and the number on farms which reported the production of mUk in 1909 was 16,069,000, or 77.9 per cent of the total. In considering these figures, however, it should be borne in mind that there is no precise distinction between dairy cows and cows not kept for their mUk. In a considerable number of cases enumerators probably reported as dairy cows animals which in fact were primarily kept for breeding purposes and which were only mUked for short periods, if at all, during the preceding year. Because of this indefiniteness in the returns for dairy cows it has not been considered desirable to make estimates of the production of mUk or other dairy products on farms which reported dairy cows but failed to report the quantity of milk produced or failed to report dairy products of any kind. At the Twelfth Census estimates of this character were made to a considerable extent, and for this reason the statis- tics published for that census are not closely com- parable with those for the Thirteenth Census. The statistics of butter and cheese for the two censuses are, however, more nearly comparable than those for milk. Table 1, on page 344, shows, for the United States, data regarding dairy products in 1909, as reported by the enumerators, together with certaui items for 1899, as published in the reports of the Twelfth Census. The total quantity of milk reported as produced on farms in 1909 was 5,814,000,000 gallons. There were, on April 15, 1910, 16,069,000 dairy cows on the farms reporting this milk. Assuming that there were the same number of cows in 1909, the average production of milk per cow would be 362 gallons. The total value of dairy products of farms in 1909, exclusive of milk and cream consumed on the farm, was reported as $596,413,000. This represents the sum of the receipts from the sale of milk, cream, and butter fat (amounting in all to $372,403,000), and the value of aU butter and cheese produced on farms, whether sold or retained for home use (amounting to $224,010,000). ( 343 ) 344 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AORICULTURE. Talilo I FARMS VALUE. REPORTING. N umber ° <3 c 0 or (luantity. Unit. ca'q Number. Total. Cm « ^ O' Diiiry cows on farms A jiril 16, 1010 .5,140,869 80.8 20,625,432 On farms rc|)ort.ing dairy products in 1909. On farms reporting 4,413,333 69.4 18,74.5,662 milk produced in 1909. Specified dairy products 4,021,460 63.2 16,0ti9,298 of farms, 1900: Milk reiiorted 5,813,699,474 994,650,610 9,405,864 Butter made. 3,787,749 12,054 59.6 8222,861,440 1,148,708 •SO. 22 Cheese made 0.2 Lbs.. 0.12 ! Milk sold 493,916 7.8 1,937,255,864 Gals.. 2.52,436,757 0. 13 Cream sold . 164,117 2.6 54,933,-583 Gals.. 37,655,047 0.69 .361,126 1,78.5,408 5.7 305,602,587 415,0,80,489 Lbs. . 82,311,511 100,378,123 0.27 ! Blitter sold Cheese sold 28. 1 0.1 Lbs.. Lbs. . 0.24 0.12 6,019 8,136,901 987,974 Total receipts from sales, 1909 473,769,412 Total value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold and butter and 596,413,463 Specified dairy products of farms, 1§99: Butter made 3,617,366 15,669 63.0 1,071,626,056 16,372,318 518,042,767 14,692,542 Lbs . . 0.3 Lbs. Butter sold Lbs. . 86,570,973 1,. 342, 444 0.17 Cheese sold .... Lbs.. 0.09 Butter and cheese made in factories: Butter— 19092 624,764,653 420,126,546 311,126,317 Lbs.. 179,510,619 84,079,754 43,239,924 26,519,829 0.29 1899 Lbs. . 0.20 Cheese — 1909* Lbs. . Lbs.. 0. 14 1899 281,972,324 0.09 Total production of but- ter and cheese: Blitter— 19092 1,619,415,263 1,491,752,602 320, 532, 181 298,344,642 1 Lbs. . 402,372,0.59 0.25 1899 Lbs. . Cheese— 1909* Lbs,. 44,388,632 0.14 1899 Lbs.. > While butter fat does not constitute a separate product, large quantities of cream and milk are sold on the basis of a specified price per pound for the butter fat which they contain: hence it is proper to speak of the quantity of butter fat sold. 2 In addition, 2,381,212 pounds of butter, valued at $661,171, and 49,413 pounds of part-cream cheese, valued at $5,745, were produced by establishments engaged in the manufacture of products other than those covered'by creameries and cheese factories. The census schedules did not call for the combined value of all dairy products as one item, nor did they call for the total value of milk jiroduced. In order to obtain a true total for the value of dairy products, it would be necessary to ascertain the value of milk, cream, butter, and cheese consumed on the farm, in- cluding milk fed to animals, and to add to this the reported value of products sold. In the belief that no satisfactory results could be secured from such an in- quiry, the census schedules did not call for the value of milk and cream consumed on the farm, and it has not been considered feasible to estimate this value from the other data reported. Such estimates were made at the IVelfth Census, but they can not be con- sidered as more than very rough ajqiroximations. The total re])orted value of dairy ]>roducts sold in 1909 was 1473,769, 0)00, of which the value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold represented nearly four- fifths and that of butter most of the remainder, ddie quantity of milk sold as such was rejiorted as 1,937,000,000 gallons, or substantially one-third of the total reported as produced; but it should be borne in mind that a great deal of milk sold or delivered to creameries for butter making is paid for on the basis of the cream or butter fat content, in wdiich case the (piantity of such cream or butter fat was usually re- ported on the census schedules and not the quantity of milk. The greater part of the milk reported as sold was doubtless consumed as such, chiefly in cities and villages, but a considerable quantity represents milk delivered to condensed-milk and cheese factories, and a small part represents milk which was delivered to creameries for the jiroduction of butter and reported as milk instead of on the basis of the cream or butter fat contained. The reported farm production of butter and of cheese in 1909 — 994,651,000 pounds and 9,406,000 pounds, respectively — was considerably less than the produc- tion for the year 1899 as given in the published reports of the Twelfth Census, but this difference is doubtless due in part to the fact that the latter included some estimates for farms with incomplete reports. The manufacture of butter and cheese is, how^ever, grad- ually being transferred from farms to factories. The combined farm and factory production of butter was 1 .619.415.000 pounds in 1909 and 1,491,753,000 pounds in 1899. The increase during the decaide was thus 127.663.000 pounds, or 8.6 per cent. The factory pro- duction alone increased 48.7 per cent. Of the total product, that made in factories constituted 38.6 per cent in 1909 and 28.2 per cent in 1899. The production of cheese on farms and in factories was 320,532,000 pounds in 1909, as compared with 298.345.000 pounds in 1899, an increase of 7.4 per cent. At both censuses much the greater part of the cheese was made in factories, but the proportion in 1909 (97.1 per cent) was higher than that in 1899 (94.5 per cent). Production of dairy products, by divisions and states. — Table 2 shows, by geographic divisions, the total number of farms reiiorting dairy cows, the num- ber reporting dairy products, and the number re])ort- ing the quantity of milk produced, with the number of dairy cows reported by the farms of each class. Dairy jiroducts and milk production ajqiear to have been much more completely rejiorted in some divisions than in others. In the New England division, for ex- anqile, the number of farms reporting dairy products was 91.9 per cent of the number reporting dairy cows, and the number rejiorting the (luantity of milk pro- duced, 83.6 per cent, while in flie Mountain division the number of farms reporting dairy products was only 70.9 ])er cent of tlie number rejioiiing dairy cows, and the number rejiorting the quantity of milk jmxiuced, 63.8 ])er cent, in general, it may be said that the re])orts of dairy ])roducts for the four northern divi- sions aj)})ear (.o be more conqilete than those for the other divisions, Ihe deliciency being greatest in those divisions where cows not kejit for dairy pur])oses consideralily outnumber the dair^' cows. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 345 Table '2 DAIRY COWS ON FARMS APRIL IS, 1910 DIVISION. Total. On farms report- ing dairy products in 1909. On farms report- ing milk produced in 1909. Farms report- ing. Number of cows. Farms report- ing. Number of cows. Farms report- ing. Number of cows. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . . West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . . Mountain Pacific 5. 140. 869 147,028 400, 473 1,009,479 989,13.5 794,716 815,423 724,466 120,328 139,821 20. 628. 432 841,698 2,597,652 4,829,527 5,327,606 1,810,754 1,628,061 2,249,553 514,466 826,115 4,413.333 135, 1.80 368, 336 924,481 859,550 658,507 692,436 579,641 85, .345 109, *57 18,745.662 805,932 2,474,485 4,580,632 4,890,956 1,557,143 1,421,785 1,889,495 401,543 723, 691 4,021,460 122,884 308,042 808,709 726,153 635,948 683,2.39 .559,993 76,759 99,733 16.069.298 730,820 2,043,586 3,817,196 3,894,317 l,4 65.9 18.3 14.4 Made in factories (9 40,577,569 (9 (9 3,002,744 5,955,597 -2,952,853 -49.6 (9 44.1 81.7 85.6 Middle Atlantic: Total 165,392,518 233,986,350 -68,593,832 -29.3 118,339,484 141,259,571 -22,920,087 -16.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Made on farms 88,242,228 1.54,829,824 -66,587,596 -43.0 1,910,549 3,506,096 -1,595,547 -45.5 53.4 66.2 1.6 2.5 Made in factories 77,150,290 79,156,526 -2,006,236 -2.5 116,428,935 137,753,475 -21,324,540 -15.5 46 6 33.8 98.4 97.5 East North Central; Total 424,137,997 403,208,930 20,929,067 5.2 180,423,449 120,279,089 60,144,360 50.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Made on farms 2.30,966,876 287,878,290 -56,911,414 -19.8 1,891,208 3,636,013 -1,744,805 -48.0 54.5 71.4 1.0 3.0 Made in factories 193,171,121 115,330,6-10 77,840,481 67.5 178,532,241 116,643,076 61,889,165 53.1 45.5 28.6 99.0 97.0 West North Central: Total 444,724,204 407,632,767 37,091,437 9.1 (9 13,667,004 (9 (9 100.0 100.0 (9 100.0 Made on farms 201,172,278 251,226,460 156,406,307 -50,054,182 -19.9 473,196 1,684,109 -1,210,913 -71.9 45.2 61.6 (9 12.3 Made in factories 243,551,926 87,145,619 55.7 (9 11,982,895 (9 (9 54.8 38.4 (9 87.7 South Atlantic: Total 92,883,312 (9 (9 (9 593,308 (9 (9 100.0 (9 100.0 Made on farms 123,270,552 (9 89,111,226 34,159,326 (9 38.3 480,805 (9 480,448 357 0.1 95.9 (9 81.0 Made in factories 3,772,086 (9 112,860 (9 (9 4.1 (9 19.0 East South Central: Total Made on farms Made in factories (=) 136,239,873 (=) (9 97,541,277 (9 (9 38,698,596 (9 (9 39.7 (9 93,971 93,971 (9 137,327 (9 (9 -43,356 (9 (9 -31.6 (9 1 9 100.0 100.0 (9 S West South Central: Total (’>) 88,856,542 (9 (9 (9 473,381 (9 (9 (9 100.0 (9 100.0 Made on farms 128,188,799 (9 88,382,053 39,806,746 (9 45.0 424,482 (9 336,113 88,369 (9 26.3 (9 99.5 (9 71.0 Made in factories 474,489 (9 137,268 (9 (9 0.5 (9 29.0 Mountain: Total Made on farms (9 18,115,811 (9 (9 14,869,383 (9 (9 3,246,428 (9 (9 21.8 (9 457,740 (9 (9 720,596 (9 -262,856 (9 -36.5 (9 (9 (9 (9 Made in factories (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 9 (9 (9 Pacific: Total 84,780,111 54,653,831 30,126,280 55.1 9,208,931 10,222,747 -1,013,816 -9.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Made on farms 27,721,410 36,332,916 -8,611,506 -23.7 3,000,048 4,868,513 -1,868,465 -38.4 32.7 66.5 32.6 47.6 Made in factories 57,058,701 18,320,915 38,737,786 211.4 6,208,883 5,354,234 854,649 16.0 67.3 33.5 67.4 52.4 * See footnote 2, Table 1, p. 344. i A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose individual operations. Vable 5 PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTAL. DIVISION. Butter. Cheese. Total. Made on farms. Made in factories. Total. Made on farms: 1909 Made in facto- ries: 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England (9 6.2 4.1 4.8 (9 9.7 1.1 2.3 7.2 1.0 Middle Atlantic 10.2 1.5.7 8.9 14.4 12.3 18.8 36.9 47.3 20.3 37.4 East North Central 26.2 27.0 23.2 26.9 30.9 27.5 56.3 40.3 20.1 57.4 We.st North Central 27.5 27.3 20.2 23.4 39.0 37.2 (9 4.6 6.0 <9 South Atlantic 6.2 12.4 8.3 0.9 (9 0.2 5.1 (9 (1) (1) 13.7 9.1 (1) (1) (9 (9 (9 1.0 West South Central <9 6.0 12.9 8.2 (9 0.1 0.2 4.6 <9 Mountain (9 (9 1.8 1.4 (') (9 (9 (9 4.9 (9 Pacific 5.2 3.7 2.8 3.4 9.1 4.4 2.9 3.4 31.9 2.0 1 Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose Individual operations. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Tables 9 and 10, on subsequent pages show, by states, statistics of the dairy products of farms, and the quan- tity of butter and cheese made in factories, with the total made on farms and in factories. In 1909 the lead- ing dairy states, as judged by the total value of the farm production (excluding milk and cream used at home), were New York, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Illi- nois, Iowa, Ohio, Minnesota, Michigan, and California, in each of which the value reported exceeded $20,000,000. In the production of butter (on farrns and in factories combined) Wisconsin was the leading state, followed by Iowa, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and New York. A largo part of the milk produced in New York is sold for consump- tion in the cities, and a large proportion is also used in making cheese. New York ranked next to Wis- consin in the production of cheese, and in no other state did the quantity produced equal one-seventh of that reported for New York. In the combined production of butter and cheese Wisconsin led, with 279.992.000 pounds, followed by New York, with 174.944.000 pounds. Sales of dairy products, by divisions and states. — Table 6 shows, by geographic divisions, the quantity and value of dairy products sold by farmers. Sales of butter and cheese by factories are not shown, as they are substantially the same as the production. Comparisons between divisions as to the percentage which milk sold as such — which does not include milk paid for on the basis of cream or butter fat content — forms of the total milk produced would have compara- tively little significance. As shown by the percent- ages in Table 6, there are wide differences among the geographic divisions with respect to the ratio which the quantity of butter and, to a less degree, of cheese, sold bears to the total production. In the North and West a large projiortion of the flutter made on farms is sold, the percentages in 1909 ranging from 42.2 in the Mountain division to 72.5 in New England. In the South a much smaller proportion is sold, the per- centages ranging from 1C. 7 in the East South Central division to 27.5 in the South Atlantic. In a majority LIVP] STOCK PRODUCTS 347 Table 6 DIVISION. Amount received from sales of dairy products by fanners: 1909 Milk sold (gallons) : 1909 Cream sold (gallons); 1909 Butter fat sold (pounds); 1909 BUTTER SOLD BY FARMERS (POUNDS). 1909 1899 United States; Quantity sold 1,937,255,864 $252,436,757 64,933,683 $37,655,047 305,662,587 $82,311,511 415,080,489 $100,378,123 518,042,767 $86,570,973 Amount received $473,769,412 New England: Quantity sold 175,209,759 $31,344,948 4,409,060 $3,168,909 14,599,430 $4,413,631 29,528,001 $8,533,864 38,854,031 $8,193,207 Amount received $47,538,217 Middle Atlantic: Quantity sold 750,556,634 $93,644, 462 2,446,696 $1,713,979 44,023,628 $12,223,106 57,828,247 $15,229,862 106,919,914 $20,153,645 Amount received $122,989,049 East North Central: Quantity sold 661,302,433 $73,063,198 15,272,040 $10,157,366 85,099,734 823,128,671 135, 159, 149 $31,855,809 162,381,475 $24, 820, 189 Amount received $138,401,771 West North Central: 144,537,918 $18,214,700 22,599,643 $14,530,377 123,176,904 $31,270,493 88,186,732 $20,333,127 122,614,081 $17,875,635 Amount received $84,390,336 South Atlantic: 45,378,866 $8,603,975 1,027,441 $743, 112 505,904 $125, 727 33,888,871 $7,622,916 24,432,566 $4,214,943 Amount received $17,137,738 East South Central: 22,593,214 $4,126,971 368,959 $265,754 217,860 $59,062 22,688,468 $4,842, 959 16,500,683 $2,731,995 Amount received $9,301,281 West South Central: 21,070,626 $4,700,646 1,064,000 $795, 188 4,465,810 $1,015,068 24,321,179 $5,381,690 15,745,423 $2,499,218 Amount received $11,922,158 Mountain: 31,108,665 $5,346,099 1,549,881 $1,230,340 4,799,182 $1,352,095 7,635,775 $2,166,918 7,092,465 $1,518,094 Amount received ; . . $10,141,383 Pactfic: 85,497,749 $13,391,758 6,135,863 $5,050,022 28,774,135 $8,723,658 15,844,067 $4,410,978 23,502,129 $4,564,047 Amount received $31,947,479 CHEESE SOLD BY FARMERS (POUNDS). 1909 1899 8,136,901 $987,974 14,692,642 $1,342,444 591,008 $76, 865 870,036 $98, 667 1,752,682 $177,640 3,358,354 $306,052 1,718,402 $190, 727 3,317,844 $273,200 334,300 $41,639 1,331,797 $126, 771 385,920 $42,008 436, 703 $25,040 64,748 $6,535 77,591 $7,847 270,967 $29,566 231,316 $20,370 307,141 $45,931 554,371 $61,123 2,711,673 $371,063 4,514,530 $423,374 RATIO OF SALES TO TOTAL PRODUCTION (PER CENT), Butter. Cheese. 1909 1899 1909 1899 41.7 48.3 86.5 89.7 72.5 75.5 87.7 80.7 05.5 69.1 91.7 95.8 58.5 56.4 90.9 91.2 43.8 48.8 70.6 79.1 27.5 27.4 80.3 90.9 16.7 16.9 68.9 56.5 19.0 17.8 63.8 68.8 42.2 47.7 67.1 76.9 57.2 64.7 90.4 92.7 of the divisions a smaller proportion was sold in 1909 than in 1899. In total value of dairy products sold by farmers in 1909, the East North Central division ranked first, followed by the Middle Atlantic and West North Central, these three divisions together reporting 73 per cent of the total for the United States. Table 7 shows, by geographic divisions, the average value per gallon or per pound of the several classes of dairy products sold by farmers. Table 7 AVERAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS SOLD BY FARMERS. DIVISION. MUk, per gallon: 1909 Cream, per gallon: 1909 Butter fat per poimd: 1909 Butter, per pound. Cheese, per pound. 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States $0. 130 $0. 685 $0. 269 $0. 242 $0. 167 $0. 121 $0. 091 New England 0. 179 0.709 0.302 0.289 0. 211 0.130 0.113 Middle Atlantic 0. 125 0.701 0.278 0.263 0. 188 0.101 0.091 East North Central 0.110 0.665 0. 272 0.236 0. 153 0.114 0.082 West North Central 0.126 0.643 0.254 0.231 0. 140 0. 125 0.095 Soutn Atlantic 0. 190 0.723 0.249 0. 225 0. 173 0. 109 0.057 East South Central 0. 183 0. 720 0.271 0.213 0. 166 0. 101 0. 101 West South Central 0. 223 0. 747 0.227 0.221 0. 159 0. 109 0.088 Mountain 0.172 0. 794 0.282 0.284 0.214 0. 150 0.110 Pacific 0. 157 0.823 0.303 0. 278 0. 194 0. 137 0.094 The average value of butter sold by farmers in the United States as a whole was 24.2 cents per pound in 1909, as compared with 16.7 cents in 1899, an increase of 44.9 per cent. In 1909 the average value was highest in New England, 28.9 cents, and lowest in the East South Central division, 21.3 cents. The average value of cheese sold increased from 9.1 cents per pound in 1899 to 12.1 cents in 1909, or 33 per cent. In the latter year the average ranged from 10.1 cents in the Middle Atlantic and East South Central divisions to 15 cents in the Mountain division. Table 8 shows, by states, the sales of dairy products. Table 8 SAXES OF SPECTFIED DAIRY PRODUCTS BY FARMERS: 1909 STATE. Receipts from sales (dollars). Milk (gallons). Cream (gallons). Butter fat (pounds). Butter (pounds). Cheese (pounds). United States . 473,769,412 1,937,256,864 54,933,583 305,662,687 415, 080, 489 8, 136,901 N. England: Maine 6,722,779 12,784,866 737,706 4,060,344 8,389,817 94,244 N. Hampshire 5,130,057 21,132,268 380,944 566,229 3,510,593 168,705 Vermont 11,501,577 33,998,934 2,353,686 7,756,395 12,892,124 238,319 Massachusetts 14,840,927 64,496,692 501,876 1,148,019 2,220,311 32,490 Rhode Island 2,017,444 8,796,847 42,421 5,347 177,322 2,175 Connecticut. . 7,325,433 34,000, 152 452,427 1,063,096 2,337,834 55,075 Mid. Atlantic: New York . . . 74,939,815 524,279,723 1,207,174 36,249,617 12,6.30,113 334,301 New Jersey.. 9,685,352 56,850,550 79,485 249,557 2,003,029 42,462 Pennsylvania 38,363,882 169,420,361 1,160,037 7,524,454 43, 195, 105 1,375,919 E. N. Cent.: Ohio 25,574,635 99,430,948 2,191,997 7,563,527 39,252,326 518,650 Indiana 12,768,710 32,562,414 1,347,660 6,361,831 24,715,894 39,858 Illinois 26,720,849 158,031,333 2,104,352 4,637,745 24,442,251 54,502 Michigan 22,099, 178 74,025,769 2,485,001 18,287,691 30,010,783 284,026 Wisconsin 51,238,399 297,251,969 7,142,970 48,248,940 16,737,895 821,426 W. N. Cent.: Minnesota 25,214,222 53,181,785 5, 756, 165 40,414,151 18,016,409 79,045 Iowa 20,429,743 55,241,511 8,062,449 42,917,6% 17,917,387 61,160 Missouri 8,187,856 15,733,185 1,399,989 4,927,383 14,646,771 104,539 N. Dakota . . . 2,876,298 1,644,150 834, 103 2,185,377 7,019,169 9,974 S. Dakota 4,501,430 2,385,781 2,232,961 5,770,689 5,941,092 7,380 Nebraska 7,631,058 6,500,380 1,952,908 12,371,699 11,052,008 55,528 Kansas 9,549,129 9,851,126 2,361,068 14,583,909 12,993,836 16,674 S. Atlantic: Delaware 966,173 4,425,909 25,809 18, 149 1,024,945 200 Maryland 4,784,232 19,424,325 455,490 943 , 148 5,682,228 251,071 116,116 339,345 1,800 Virginia 3,772,617 8, 57?; 893 302,217 97,558 7 , 983; 430 41,612 W. Virginia.. 2,532,324 4,050,741 104, 696 8,421 7,077,664 55,363 N. Carolina... 1,787,245 2,380,029 21,329 9,224 5,670,590 28,982 S. Carolina... 626,305 919,745 11,282 10,023 1,752,209 8,415 Georgia 1,974,011 3,872,098 97,564 17,286 4,385,354 165 Florida 578,715 1,388,781 9,048 2,095 310,651 112 E. S. Cent.: Kentucky 3,729,237 10,415,482 159,016 154,427 8,421,827 38,851 Tennessee 3,211,978 6,814,209 145,976 32,345 9,009,307 11,883 Alabama 1,3.58,504 3,397,426 28,385 21,744 2,805,021 2,435 Mississippi . . . 1,001,562 1,966,097 35,582 9,344 2,452,313 11,579 W. S. Cent.: Arkansas 1,505,882 3,952,322 53,302 74,607 3,694,311 8,496 Louisiana 1,588,338 4,501,119 32,433 7,073 1,019,420 180,976 Oklahoma 3,306,515 3,020,217 526, 193 3,137,112 7,465,824 11,765 Texas 5,461,423 8,990,968 452,072 1,247,018 12,141,624 69,730 Mountain: Montana 1,646,693 3,584,689 274,979 652,097 1,234,263 44,571 Idaho 1,379,390 2,060,111 319,542 1,191,867 1,417,663 61,203 Wyoming 338,925 1,377,607 46,680 67,303 461,952 6,435 Colorado 3,407,723 10,037,067 440,257 1,087,681 2,914, 143 56,413 New Mexico.. 434,199 1,036,922 9,679 11,248 410,634 24,918 Arizona 842,210 3,347,723 37,744 665,850 120,951 50, 181 Utah 1,648,655 8,471,713 270,225 914, 133 919,581 62,065 Nevada 443,588 1,192,833 150,775 209,003 156,588 1,355 Pacific: Wash 7,693,479 25,524,209 1,911,261 4,386,283 3,112,326 43,530 Oregon 5, 170, 703 14,640,108 827,541 5,211,133 2, 446, 158 154,328 California 19,083,297 45,333,432 3,397,061 19, 176, 719 10,285,583 2,513,815 348 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE DAIRY RRODUOTS OF FARMS, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 'BTi l>lo i) DIVISION OR STATE. Total value, excluding home use of milk and cream : 1909 Milk re])orted (gallons): 1909 BUrfER MADE. CHEESE MADE. Quantity (pounds). Value: 1909 Quantity (pounds). Value: 1909 1909 1899 19«9 1898 TJnltod States $596,413,463 5,813,699, 474 994, 650, 610 1, 071, 626, 056 $222. 861,440 9,405,8S4 16,372,318 $1,118,708 (.lEOGKAPHIC divisions: New England 50, 720, 766 347,872,803 40, 732, 783 51,454,627 11, 704,089 678,865 1,003, 103 89, 189 Middle Atlantic 130, 772, 563 1,001,269,989 88, 242, 228 154, 829, 824 22, 996, 544 1, 910, 549 3,506,096 194, 472 East North Central 159, 673. 557 1,564,282,966 230, 966, 876 287, 878, 290 53, 108, 927 1, 891, 208 3,636,013 215,395 West North Central 108,824,533 1,266,991,620 201,172,278 251, 226, 460 44, 748, 964 473, 196 1,684, 109 59, 999 South Atlantic 35,578,455 418, 843, 384 123, 270, 552 89,111,226 26,054,617 480,805 480,448 51,024 East South Central 30,200,917 400, 476, 525 136,239,873 97,541,277 25, 739, 427 93, 971 137,327 9,703 West South Central 32,394,027 416,401,603 128, 188,799 88,382,053 25, 838,528 424, 482 336,113 44,597 Mountain 12, 991, 603 116, 468, 996 18,115,811 14,869,383 4, 992, 172 457,740 720,596 70,897 Pacific 35,257,042 281,091,588 27, 721,410 36,332,916 7, 678, 172 3,000,048 4,868,513 413,432 New Enoland: Maine 8,079,692 56,026,334 13, 299, 229 16, 174, 173 3,786,064 118, 216 425, 102 18, 872 New Hampshire 5,589,711 35,033, 153 6,065, 188 6,385,611 1, 509, 706 180, 996 104, 339 24,456 Vermont 12, 128, 465 114,317, 169 15, 165, 692 18, 834, 706 4, 185,028 245, 884 406,659 32,583 Massachusetts 15, 187, 774 86,304,347 3,364,516 4, 980, 262 1,041,482 45, 753 19,629 5,311 Rhode Island 2, 065, 941 10,441,951 339, 607 488,086 104, 161 3, 860 6,751 615 Connecticut 7,669,183 45, 749, 849 3,498,551 4,591,789 1,077,658 79, 156 40,623 7,352 Middle Atlantic: New York 77,807, 161 597,363, 198 23,461,702 74,714,376 6,268,386 390,049 2, 624, 652 33, 195 New Jersey 10, 156,600 67,698,219 3,622,411 5, 894,363 1,059,935 77,824 24,377 9,277 Pennsylvania 42,808,802 336, 208, 572 61, 158,115 74, 221, 085 15,668,223 1,442,676 857, 167 152,000 East North Central: Ohio 30,869,408 307, 590, 755 63, 569, 132 79,551,299 14,305,607 613,233 1, 167,001 57, 182 Indiana 16,666,374 194, 736, 962 43, 181,817 51,042,396 9, 402, 994 63,619 178, 733 7,800 Illinois 31, 542, 209 320,240, 399 46,609, 992 52, 493, 450 10,493,217 81,918 323,485 8,396 Michigan 26, 727, 538 283,387,201 50, 405, 426 60,051,998 11,805,872 291, 176 331, 176 36, 228 W isconsin .53,868,028 458, 327, 649 27, 200, 509 44, 739, 147 7, 101,237 841, 262 1,635,618 105, 789 West North Central: Minnesota 29,219,406 273,319,603 34,708,669 41, 188, 846 8,593,233 106,075 290,623 * 14,375 Iowa 31,196,883 318,954,506 38, 679, 568 61,789,288 9,061,041 78, 538 306, 428 10,689 Missouri 13,685,318 188, 297, 972 42, 105, 143 45,509,110 8, 744, 025 159, 785 323, 439 17,495 North Dakota 4,872, 304 70, 637, 899 16,414,439 9, 178. 815 3,508,579 22, 754 70, 881 2,976 South Dakota 6, 192, 608- 82,428,514 13, 629, 647 17,400,970 3,024,509 14,344 136, 863 2, oil Nebraska 10,566,275 160,610,359 25,986,931 34,518,6,59 5, 385,494 63, 773 264, 430 8,477 Kansas 13,091,739 172, 742, 767 29,647,881 41,640, 772 6,432,083 27,927 291, 445 3,976 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,089,497 7,859,857 1,563, 161 1, 629, 949 400, 428 700 104 114 Maryland 5, 480, 900 41,094,421 8, 739, 620 9,096,662 2,010, 106 259,386 338, 453 26,277 117 335 :U2 6, 155 3,478 1,754 Virginia 7,704,326 95,555,051 26, 651,244 19, 905, 830 5,683,060 97, 263 31,697 9, 191 West Virginia 5,000, 138 71, 230, 033 18, 969, 699 16,913,129 4, 054, 498 70, 473 74, 243 9,063 North Carolina 5, 789, 583 82,601,779 26, 059, 585 16, 913, 802 5, 213, 783 39,353 28, 883 3,729 South Carolina 2,800,605 37, .361, 666 12,329,567 8, 1.50, 437 2,562,561 12, 909 1,081 2,542 Georgia 6,621,585 74,908, 776 27, 246, 247 15,111, 494 5,636,256 399 2, 236 72 Florida 974, 486 7,676,459 1,705,274 1,386,445 492, 172 322 3,751 36 East South Central: Kentucky 9, 055, 813 125,566,917 38, 130, 687 30,446,381 7,117,905 56, 148 45, 759 4,843 Tennessee 8,715,441 117, 101,970 39,827,906 29,091,696 7,392,901 18, ,592 26,622 2, 168 .\labama 6, 396, 198 78, 728, 345 29, 550 , 595 19, 121,964 5,657,610 5,528 36,374 759 Mississippi 6. 033, 465 79,079,293 28,730,685 18,881,2,36 5,571,011 13, 703 28, 572 1,933 West South Central: Arkansas 6,587,428 83,081,875 29, 907,337 21, 585, 258 5,8S;i,584 20,435 18,385 3,027 Louisiana 2, 761,380 32, 702, 130 6, 232,006 4,918,229 1,430,069 190, 089 135, 104 18,065 Oklahoma 7,365,295 103,577, 644 27,056,242 1 13,887,074 5,613,2.53 18, 96$ 1 46,491 3,154 Texas 15,679,924 197,039,954 64,993,214 47,991,492 12,911,632 194,900 136, 133 ■20,351 Mountain: Montana ■2,(K»3,594 16,982, 146 2,820,574 2,454,072 811,792 49,988 30,924 8, 195 Idaho 1,962,500 20,861,072 3, 542, 135 2,520,316 982,397 90,675 196, 952 18.525 W yoming 1 ,539, 423 6,4.53,634 1, 192, 122 888, 554 331,021 10,276 24, 327 1, .591 Ckilorado i 4,174,270 33,631,723 5,856, 132 4,932, 482 1,56.5,224 69,895 103, 184 10,045 New Mexico 726, 692 6, 815, 942 1,477,617 313,003 402, 263 81,869 68, .571 13,515 Arizona 909,411 6,881,608 325,980 379,311 10.5,347 60, 690 33,, 305 9, 115 U tah 2, 067, .534 20,486,317 2, 497, 366 2,812, 122 072, 479 84, 102 169,251 13, 125 Nevada 518, 179 4,356,555 403,885 ,569,523 121.649 10,245 94,082 1.781' Pacific; Washington 8,746,041 70,0,83,033 6,761,675 7,372, 106 1,992,249 62, 970 161,669 6,787 Oregon 0, 007,024 .56, 106, .599 1 5,667,964 8, 107, 450 1,599,931 169, 20,5 467, 256 23, 151 CaliforDiu 20, 443, 977 154, (>01, 9.56 1 1.5,301,871 1 20,8.53,360 4,085,992 2, 777,873 4, 249, 588 383,494 ’ Includes Indian I'orritory. LIVE STOCK ITIODUCTS. 349 FACTORY PRODUCTION AND TOTAL PRODUCTION OF RUTTER AND CUEESE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, Table lO PIVISION OR STATE. BUTTER AND CHEESE MADE IN FACTORIES. BUTTER AND CHEESE MADE ON FARMS AND IN FACTORIES. Butter (pounds). Cheese (pounds). Butter (pounds). Cheese (pounds). 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TJulted States* S24. 764, 663 420, 126, 546 311,126,317 281,972,324 1,619,415,263 1, 491, 752, 602 320,632, 181 298, 344, 642 Oeoorafhic divisions; Now England (■) 40,577,569 3,002,744 5,965,597 P) 92,032, 196 3,676,609 6,958,700 Middle Atlantic 77,180,290 79, 156,526 116,428,936 137,753,475 166,392,518 233,986,350 118,339,484 141,259,571 East North Central 193,171,121 115,330,640 178,532,241 116,643,076 424,137,997 403,208,930 180,423,449 120,279,089 West North Central 243,551,926 156,406,307 (■) 11,982,895 444,724,204 407,632,767 P) 13,667,004 South Atlantic (>) 3,772,086 (*) 112,860 P) 92,883,312 (>) 593,308 (0 (') P) P) P) 93,971 P) West South Central (*) 474, 489 (•) 137,268 (*) 88,856,542 P) 473,381 Moimtain {‘) (') P) P) (‘) P) P) P) Pacific 57,058,701 18,320,915 6,208,883 5,354,234 84,780,111 54, 653,831 9,208,931 10,222,747 New England: Maine 2,105,622 4, 461,399 55,591 553,946 15,404,851 20,635,572 173,807 979,048 New Hampshire 1,740,235 5,034,270 184,497 116,741 6,805,423 11,419,881 365,493 221,080 Vermont 20,227,495 22,453,381 2,762,656 4,713,106 35,393,187 41,288,087 3,008,540 5, 119, 764 1,888,307 4,591,919 250,542 5,262,823 9,572,181 45,753 270,171 (1) 148, 195 P) 636, 281 3,860 6, 751 1,950,935 3,888,405 321,263 5,449,486 8, 480, 194 79, 156 361,886 Middle Atlantic: New York 45,897,216 40,693,846 105,194,898 127,386,032 69,358,918 115,408,222 105,584,947 130,010,584 New Jersey 768,857 1,325,519 100,000 4,391,268 7,219,882 77,824 124, 377 Pennsylvania 30,484,217 37,137,161 11,234,037 10,267,443 91,642,332 111,358,246 12, 676, 713 11,124,610 East North Central: Ohio 17,491,251 8, 087, 631 11,860,601 18,156,527 81,060,383 87, 638, 930 12, 473, a34 19,323,528 Indiana 11,712,450 3,553, 483 424,597 1,260,168 54,894,267 54,595,879 488,216 1,438,901 Illinois 24,570,976 34,055,312 4,799,235 9,055,119 71,180,968 86,548, 762 4,881,153 9,378,604 Michigan 35,511,760 7,820,712 13,382,160 10,422,582 85,917,186 67,872,710 13,673,336 10,753,758 Wisconsin 103,884,684 61,813,502 148,065,648 77,748,680 131,085,193 106,552,649 148,906,910 79,384,298 West North Central: Minnesota 88,842,846 41,174,469 2,735,883 3,285,019 123,551,515 82,363,315 2,841,958 3,575,642 Iowa 88,582,187 77,233,264 999,559 4,242,637 127,261,755 139,022,552 1,078,097 4,549,065 Missouri 10,261,876 1,440,616 219, 112 1,072,751 52,367,019 46,949,726 378,897 1,396,190 North Dakota 3,683,679 463, 188 (■) 225,399 20,098,118 9,642,003 P) 296,280 South Dakota 9,495,608 6,172,107 420, 779 23,125,255 23,573,077 14,344 557y 642 Nebraska 23,973,162 11,726, 180 77,122 313,600 49,960,093 46,244,839 140,895 578,030 Kansas 18,712,568 18,196,483 P) 2,422,710 48,360,449 59,837,255 P) 2,714,155 South Atlantic; Delaware 627,300 969,889 P) 15,000 2, 190, 461 2,599,838 (‘) 15, 104 Maryland 1,118,530 2,541,716 9, 858, 150 11,638, 378 259,386 338,453 District of Columbia 6, 155 3,478 Virginia 158,853 170,521 P) 57,000 26,810,097 20,076,351 (*) 88,697 West Virginia (•) 41,000 P) 40,860 (■) 16,954,129 (0 115, 103 North Carolina 26,059,585 16,913,802 39,353 28,883 South Carolina 12,329,567 8,160, 437 12,909 1,081 Georgia 78,058 48,960 27,324,306 16,160,454 399 2,236 Florida 1,706,274 1,386,445 322 3,751 East South Central; Kentucky 549,929 184, 663 28,000 38, 680, 616 30, 631,044 56,148 73, 759 Tennessee 207,823 6,201 39,827, 906 29,299,519 18,692 32, 823 Alabama (>) 17,357 10,000 (1) 19,139, 321 5,528 46, 374 Mississippi p) (*) 28,730,685 p) 13,703 p) West South Central: Arkansas 360,834 168,575 12,600 30, 268, 171 21,753,833 20, 435 30,985 Louisiana (X) (‘) (i) 4,918, 229 (i) 135,104 Oklahoma 4,110, 978 2 53,200 2 66,378 31,167, 220 2 13,940, 274 18,968 *112,869 Texas 2,133,590 252,714 P) 58,290 67,126,804 48,244,206 p) 194,423 Mountain: Montana 1,307, 777 34,238 4,128, 351 2,488,310 49,988 30, 924 Idaho 2,357,386 432,570 P) 194,380 5,899,521 2,952,886 p) 391,332 Wyoming 783,585 (4 P) P) 1,975,707 (') p) P) Colorado 6,351,691 1,566,639 550,622 1,465,257 12,207,823 6, 499, 121 620,517 1,568, 441 New Mexico (1) (1) 313, 003 81,869 68,571 Arizona 1,053,869 424,083 421,043 373,752 1,379,849 803,394 481,733 407,057 Utah 3,722,784 2,519,214 1,060,122 1,874,17€ 6,220,150 5,331,3.36 1,144,224 2,043,430 Nevada 1,039, 784 623,402 80, 150 1,443,669 1,192,925 10,245 174,232 Pacific: Washington 11,302,591 3,198,421 422,290 1,482,127 18,054,166 10,570,527 475,260 1,633,796 Oregon 8,472, 660 1,975,357 4,218,953 1,195,564 14, 140, 624 10,082,807 4,388,158 1,662,820 California 37,283,4.50 13, 147, 137 1,567, 640 2,676,543 52,585,321 34,000,497 4,345,513 6,926,131 * See footnote 2, Table 1. p. 344. ‘ Can not be shown separately, as to do so would disclose individual operations. * Includes Indian Territory. 350 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. WOOL AND MOHAIR. Wool production in the United States as a whole : 1909 and 1899. — Tlie reports of the enumerators at both the Twelfth and the Thirteenth Censuses were somewhat deficient with respect to wool production, and it has been deemed necessary to make estimates to cover this deficiency.^ Table 11 shows for the United States as a whole the actual returns of the Thirteenth Census and the estimated totals for 1909 and 1899, respectively. Table 1 1 Num- ber of farms report- ing. Sheep of shearing age. WOOL PRODUCED. Fleeces. Weight (poimds). Value. Sheep of shearing age on farms April 15. 1910 598,047 458,311 423,580 34,731 39,644,040 31,636,132 Wool produced, as re- ported, 1909 On farms reporting sheep April 15, 1910. . On other farms Total production of wool (partly estimated): 1909 35,336,830 33,849,587 1,487,243 42,320,580 43,999,229 -1,678,649 -3.8 241,882,318 232,357,186 9,525,132 289,419,977 276,567,584 12,852,393 4.6 $54,964,020 52,708,093 2,255,927 65,472,328 45,670,053 19,802,275 43.4 1899 Increase, 1899 to 1909 U . Per cent of increase '. • A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. According to the returns there were on April 15, 1910, 598,047 farms with sheep of shearing age, the number of such sheep being 39,644,000. Of these farms, how- ever, there were only 423,580, with 31,636,000 sheep of shearing age, for wliich the enumerators reported the production of any wool in 1909. The number of fleeces' reported for these farms was 33,850,000. The enumer- ators reported also the production of 1,487,000 fleeces in 1909 on 34,731 farms with no sheep of shearing age April 15, 1910. The total number of fleeces reported was thus 35,337,000. It is believed that a much closer approximation to the true total can be obtained by an estimate based on the assumption that the entire production of wool in 1909 bore the same relation to the entire number of sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, as the produc- tion of wool on those farms reporting both production and sheep bore to the number of sheep reported on such farms. On the basis of such an. estimate, the total production of wool in 1909 was 42,321,000 fleeces. The production in 1899, also in part estimated at that time, was 43,999,000 fleeces, so that there was a decrease of 1,679,000 fleeces, or 3.8 per cent. Never- theless, the estimated total weight increased from 276,568,000 pounds in 1899 to 289,420,000 in 1909, or 4.6 per cent, and the reported average weight per fleece increased from 6.3 pounds to 6.8 pounds. The value of the wool clip increased from $45,670,000 in 1899 to $65,472,000 in 1909, or 43.4 per cent. The average value per pound rose from 17 to 23 cents, and the average value per fleece from $1.04 to $1.55. Wool production, by divisions and states: 1909 and 1899. — Table 12 shows, by geographic divisions, the number of fleeces of wool actually reported and the estimated total number produced in 1909. Compari- sons of the reported production and the estimated total production will show that in some geographic divisions the returns of the enumerators were much more nearly complete than in others. Table IZ DIVISION. •SHEEP OF SHEARING AGE APRIL 15, 1910 WOOL PRODUCED, AS REPORTED: 1909 Total production of wool, partly estimated (fleeces): 1909 Total. On farms reporting sheep April 15, 1910. On farms not reporting sheep April 15, 1910. Farms report- ing. Number of sheep. Farms report- ing. Fleeces. Farms report- ing. Number of sheep of shearing age April 15, 1910. Fleeces. I'arms report- ing. Fleeces. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 598,047 19,888 50,281 218, 693 103,227 74,765 85.835 is; 742 15,027 11,589 39,644,046 306,443 1,260,455 0,534,854 3,524,749 1,552,698 1,513,833 1,662,445 19,509,675 3,778,894 458,311 16,565 42, 771 178,768 72,959 .58,737 60,992 11,062 8,218 8,239 35,336,830 298,362 1, 197, 730 6,110,086 2,828, 460 1,335,639 1,217,989 1,854,732 16,074,406 4,419,426 423, 580 15,0.38 39,205 166, 425 66,072 54,896 56,279 10,290 7,769 7, 606 31,636,132 264,889 1,098,357 5,512,231 2,619,677 1,270,637 1,108,185 1,282,979 15,369,378 3,209,799 33,849,587 277,399 1,126, 133 5,726,750 2,501,904 1,274,292 1,144, 184 1,781,254 15, 692, .3.54 4,265,317 34,731 1,.527 3,566 12,343 6,887 ■ 3,841 4,713 772 449 633 1,487,243 20,963 71,. 597 383,336 2(»,556 61,347 73,805 73,478 382,0,52 154,109 42,320,680 320,647 1,292,189 0,780,541 3,588,936 1,560,105 1,563,103 2,293,160 19,910,9.38 5,010,961 Table 13, on the following page, shows, by divi- decrease in the estimated total wool production from sions, the amounts and percentages of increase or 1899 to 1909. ‘ There are various reasons for this failure of the enumerators to report the entire wool production. In some cases enumerators reported the number of sheep and neglected to report the wool produced in 1909. In other cases, farmers who did not have sheep in 1910 did have some in 1909, and it can not be assumed that the wool produced by such sheep in 1909 was in all cases reported, for the enumerator, after ascertaining that the fariner had no slieep in 1910, might neglect the subseejuent inejuiry as to wool produced in 1909. The number of farms which reported the production of wool in 1909 but no sheep on hand on April 15, 1910, was less than one-fourth of the number wliich reported sheep in 1910 but no wool production in 1909. Again, particularly in the case of tenant farms, the farmer who occupied a farm at the time of the enuraera- (ion might not have occupied the same farm the yireceding year. In cases of this sort the new occupant of the farm would be fairly well able to estimate the production of crops, from the acreage of stubble, but would often hesitate to make an estimate for the wool. In making the estimate of the total production of wool which is presented in the table no account was taken of the 1,487,000 fleeces reported as produced in 1909 on farms with no sheep of shearing age in 1910, for this figure represents the wool iiroduction of only a part of the sheep which the estimate is designed to cover. Estimates wore made for the several states, and combined to make the totals tor geographic divisions and the United Slates. LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS. 351 There was a decrease between 1899 and 1909 in the number of llceces produced in each of the divisions except the West North Central and Mountain divi-‘ sions. The percentage of ilecrease was gi-eatest in the Now England division and next greatest in the Middle Atlantic, while the absolute decrease in number of fleeces was greatest in the IVIiddle Atlantic division. In the Mountain division, wliich produced nearly half of the total wool clip of 1909, the increase in that year as compared with 1899 was 4.4 per cent. The percentages of increase or decrease in the weight of wool produced differ considerably from those based on the number of fleeces. In every division except the New England and Middle Atlantic there was a con- siderable increase between 1899 and 1909 in the value of wool produced, the increase in average value per pound more than offsetting the decrease in the quantity produced in four of the divisions. Table 13 INCREASE : 1 1899 TO 1909 DIVISION. Fleeces. Weight. Value. Number. Per cent. Pounds. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States -1,678,649 -3.8 12, 852,393 4.6 $19,802,275 43.4 New England -262, 194 -45.0 -1,551,190 -43.0 -168,644 -22.7 Middle Atlantic -776,851 -37.5 -5,032,373 -37. 1 -308,667 -11.0 East North Central -583,675 -7.9 -2,799,077 -5.4 3,003,550 33.8 185,529 5.5 2,270,470 10. 1 2,148,014 54.0 South Atlantic -234,879 -13.1 -1,215,184 —15. 4 355,325 22.2 East South Central -89,831 —5. 4 -412,891 -6.3 351,895 27. 1 West South Central -175,557 -7. 1 208,018 1.9 700,388 45.2 Mountain 846,212 4.4 22,640,950 18.5 11,039,843 60.8 Pacific -587,403 -10.5 -1,256,330 -3.4 2,020,571 42.8 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Table 14 shows for 1909 and 1899, in percentages, the distribution of the total number of fleeces pro- duced among the geographic divisions, and also the average weight per fleece, the average value per fleece, and the average value per pound, in each division. Table 14 DIVISION. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF FLEECES, AVERAGE WEIGHT PER FLEECE. AVERAGE VALUE PER FLEECE. AVERAGE VALUE PER POUND. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States 100.0 100.0 6.8 6.3 $1.55 $1.04 $0. 226 $0. 165 New England 0.8 1.3 6.3 0. 1 1. 79 1.28 0. 286 0. 209 Middle Atlantic 3. 1 4.7 6.6 6.6 1.93 1.35 0. 292 0.207 East North Central . . . 16.0 16.7 7.2 7.0 2. 11 1. 45 0.293 0.207 West North Central... 8.5 7.7 6.9 6.6 1.71 1. 17 0. 248 0. 177 South Atlantic.. 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.4 1.25 0.89 0. 293 0. 203 East South Central . . . 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 1.05 0.78 0.269 0. 198 West South Central. . , 5.4 5. 6 5.0 4.5 1. 07 0.08 0.215 0. 151 Mountain 47.0 43.3 7.3 6.4 1. 47 0.95 0.201 0. 148 Pacific 11.8 12.7 7.2 6.7 1.35 0.84 0. 187 0.127 The distribution of the number of fleeces naturally conforms approximately to the distribution of the num- ber of sheep. In 1909 the Mountain division produced 47 per cent of the total estimated number of fleeces; the East North Central 16 per cent; and the Pacific 11.8 per cent. These three divisions together contrib- uted substantially three-fourths of the total number. The average weight of fleeces in 1909 was higher in the three geographic divisions just named than in any of the other divisions, and decidedly loAver in the three southern divisions than elsewhere. The extreme range was from 7.3 iiounds per fleece in the Mountain divi- sion to 3.9 ])ounds in the East South Central. The average weight was greater in 1909 than in 1899 in six of the divisions; in the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions it was sUghtly lower; and in the Middle Atlantic there was no change. The average value of wool per pound in 1909, as reported by the producers, was lowest (18.7 cents) in the Pacific division. The niaximum value (29.3 cents) is shown for the East North Central and South Atlantic divisions. The average value per pound increased materially in each of the geographic divisions between 1899 and 1909. In 1909 the average value per fleece was lowest ($1.05) in the East South Central division and highest ($2.11) in the East North Central. Table 15, which appears on the following page, shows that in 1909 the leading states in the production of wool were Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Texas in the order named, each of these states having reported more than 2,000,000 fleeces. Mohair and goat hair: 1909 and 1899. — Table 15 shows also the reported number of fleeces, and the weight and value of mohair and goat hair produced in 1909 and 1899, respectively, by geographic divi- sions and states. The reports for the production of mohair are pre- sumably about as defective as those for wool. The agricultural schedules, however, on account of the minor importance of goats, did not distinguish them by age, and it is scarcely possible to approximate the total production of mohair from the number of goats and kids of all ages taken together. In many sections of the country the number of goats on farms is insig- nificant and a considerable proportion of those which are kept are not shorn for mohair; consequently the production of mohair in several of the geographic divisions is of little significance. The total reported production of mohair in 1909 was 1,683,000 fleeces, or more than three and one-half times as many as were reported in 1899. The re- ported weight of the mohair was 3,779,000 pounds, and the value, $902,000. It is noteworthy that the average value of mohair per pound was somewhat lower in 1909 than in 1899, so that, although the aver- age weight per fleece increased slightly during the decade, the average value per fleece decreased. More than three-fifths of the mohair reported in 1909 was produced in the West South Central divi- sion, and nearly all of the remainder in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. number of fleeces pro- duced in the West South Central division was over five times as great in 1909 as in 1899, and in the Mountain division over three times as great. Very high relative increases also appear in some of the divisions where the number of fleeces produced is still very small. 352 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. PRODUCTION OF WOOL AND MOHAIR, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. Table 1 5 DIVISION OR STATE. SHEEP OF SHEARING AGE. WOOL produced (partly estimated). MOHAIR PRODUCED. ■April 15, 1810 June 1 , 1900 Fleeces. Weight (pounds). Value. Fleeces. Weight (pounds). Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnlttd States. . 3S.«44.e46 39.852,967 42, 330, 580 43,999,22* 289,419.977 276,567,584 865.472.328 845, 670, 053 1,682.912 464, 932 3, 778, 706 961. 328 8901,597 $267, 864 aEOORAPHIC DIVS,; New England 306, 443 563,217 320, 647 582,841 2,006,040 3,557,230 574,577 743,221 1,298 750 4,445 1,749 1,275 611 Middle .Mlantic 1,260,455 1,970, 362 1, 292, 189 2,069,040 8,520, 646 13,553,019 2,492,257 2,800,924 2,668 413 8,797 1,103 2,834 397 East North (ientral. 6,534,854 6, 900, 190 6,780,541 7,364,216 48,670,564 51, 469, 6-11 14,276,742 10, 073, 192 9,825 2,004 35,044 6,476 9,680 1,709 West North Central 3,524,749 3, 155,531 3,-588,936 3, 403, 407 24, 709,945 22, 439, 475 6, 127, 159 3,979,145 38, 173 19,230 116,057 51,619 26,806 15,518 South Atlantic 1,552,698 1,700,199 1,560,105 1,794,984 6,677,028 7,892,212 1,965,262 1,599,937 7, 172 676 21,009 1,718 6,980 501 East South Central. 1,513,8.33 1,489,730 1,563,103 1,652,934 6, 123, 485 6,536,376 1,648,579 1,296,684 5,223 1,062 13,241 2,747 3,685 815 West South Central 1,662,445 1,8.39,118 2,293,160 2, 468,717 11,359,271 11,151,253 2,442,998 1,682,610 1,084,893 194,930 2,016,7.36 278,411 472,315 78,370 Mountain 19,509, 675 17,984,275 19,910,938 19,064,726 145,311,085 122, 670, 135 29,211,379 18,171,536 284, 784 81,297 738,226 175,955 184,305 48,818 Pacific 3,778,894 4,244,345 5, 010, 961 5,598,364 36, 041,913 37,298,243 6,743,375 4,722,804 248,876 154,570 825,151 441,550 193,717 121, 125 New England: Maine 149,934 252,213 157, 455 258,300 947, 622 1,478,018 266,080 318,585 168 24 639 105 207 21 New Hampshire 31,301 65,318 32,996 67, 438 209,518 409,465 57,460 84, 103 180 10 629 44 191 13 V’^ermont 84,360 182,167 90,716 191,884 625,722 1,334,253 192,002 268, 967 97 1 471 5 136 2 Massachusetts 22, 699 33,869 21,667 35,067 127,897 195, 876 33, 670 40,291 536 529 1,695 1,120 509 396 Rhode Island 4,206 6,629 4,353 6,828 24, 009 35, 180 6,835 8,741 1 3 2 10 1 2 Connecticut 14,043 23,021 13,460 23,324 71,272 104,438 18,530 22,634 316 183 1,009 465 231 177 Middle Atlantic: New York 606,119 984,516 616,247 1,038,428 4,235,707 6,674,165 1,163,846 1,387,969 1,598 134 5,412 383 1,742 155 New Jersey 16, 796 26,363 16,140 2S,353 94, 726 146, 628 22, 482 31,266 53 187 56 Pennsylvania 637,541 959, 483 659,802 1,002,259 4,190,213 6, 732, 226 1,306,929 1,381,689 1,017 279 3,198 720 1,036 242 E. North Central: Ohio 2,890,163 2,648,250 3,073,450 2,897,604 21,685,258 20,350,721 6,749,005 4, 299,025 1,624 95 5,840 469 1,684 112 Indiana 812,427 1,010,648 784, 432 1,052,753 5,3W,044 6,891,601 1,532,914 1,491,743 1,421 276 4,472 867 1,194 282 Illinois 658, 484 629, 150 682,337 674,625 4,971,380 4, 799, 742 1,299,218 966, 746 4,117 953 14,922 2,793 4,008 751 Michigan 1,545,241 1,625,930 1,595,959 1,734,228 11,965,405 12,202,844 3,428,320 2, 454,399 1,.559 497 5,677 1,833 1,712 419 W isconsin 028, 539 986, 212 644,363 1,005,006 4,688, 477 7,224,733 1,267,285 1,461,279 1,104 183 4,133 514 1,082 145 W. North Central: Minnesota 452, 071 359, 328 453,583 376,009 3,259,282 2, 612, 737 816, 866 460,305 1,952 350 6,929 556 1,987 180 Iowa 769, 917 657,868 729, 484 715,334 5, 484, 702 5,015,965 1,413,711 992,334 8,703 10,760 29, 206 28,080 7,261 8,607 Missouri 1,116,189 663,703 1,138,502 679, 442 7,343,222 4,145,137 1,947,060 822,871 24,061 3,861 66, 684 10,203 14,338 2, 798 North Dakota 241,392 451, 4.37 261,985 469,831 1, 676, 830 3, 030, 478 381, 722 503, 744 118 329 470 1,220 133 448 South Dakota 501,041 507,338 529, 088 520,219 3,598,246 3, 246, 945 847, 012 525, 652 399 660 1,538 1,693 390 683 Nebraska 240,116 335, 950 310, 762 410,975 2,177,355 2,788,839 464, 183 426,344 629 1,696 2,425 5,801 602 1,725 Kansas 204,023 179,907 165,5.32 231,597 1,170,308 1,599,374 256,606 247,895 2,311 1,574 8,805 4,066 2,095 1,077 South Atlantic: 4 416 8 Qfv4 3,150 7,021 19, 059 32, 350 5,125 6, 618 70 210 52 126,251 111,520 122,071 113,598 705, 320 632,119 199,909 142,966 465 1,570 474 Virginia 438,719 392, 125 431, 694 399, 113 1,937,252 2, 020, 735 564,386 409,602 2, 614 139 8, 047 343 2,913 113 West Virginia 566,952 572, 739 558,095 587,381 2,719,684 3, 123, 455 839,555 636,012 3,248 73 8,991 140 2,699 43 North Carolina 140,070 208,812 167,811 240, 189 493,882 797, 176 130,724 150,510 335 127 1,020 416 469 96 South Carolina 27, 926 52, 436 28,167 55,233 86,819 175, 290 20,432 31,537 196 30 486 73 128 26 Georgia 153,250 258,894 165,448 282,628 427,943 777, 189 117,871 155,811 198 299 520 726 177 215 Florida 95,115 102, 709 93,669 109,821 287,069 333,898 77,260 • 66,881 46 8 165 20 68 8 E. South Central: Kentucky 778, 154 716, 158 793,537 755, 172 3,448,848 3, 617,497 974,347 737, 632 2,967 168 7,702 524 2,038 163 Tennessee 470,337 307,804 495, 979 346, 715 1,854,172 1,395,295 466,459 263,351 1,342 573 3,428 1,486 1,053 428 Alabama 109,112 229,298 120, 039 299, 118 339,884 744,274 85,677 150, 943 383 237 808 469 238 140 Mississippi 156,230 236, 470 163,548 251, 929 480,581 779, 310 122,096 144, 758 531 85 1,303 268 356 84 W. South Central: .Arkansas 96, 517 168,761 101,318 194,726 376,877 636, 474 80,045 118,922 3,118 700 7,266 1,763 1,516 487 Louisiana 139,308 169,234 137,985 171,269 442,865 547, 641 99, 424 90,317 538 118 1,044 385 226 92 Oklahoma 48, 896 * 61,183 46, 492 ‘ 64, 187 281,750 1 329, 136 55,187 > 45, 249 3,774 ‘582 10,503 I 1,453 2,354 ‘313 Texas 1,377, 724 1,439,940 2,007,365 2,038,535 10,257,779 9,638,002 2,202, 342 1, 428, 122 1,077, 463 193,530 1,997,924 274,810 468,219 77,478 Mountain: Montana 4,959,835 4,215,214 4,724,747 4,348,568 37,669,0.31 30,437,829 8,223,754 5, 136, 658 2,357 1,254 8,328 2,750 2,056 824 Idaho 2,110,330 1,965,467 2, 250,570 2, 183, 100 16,377,265 15,474,447 3,345,037 2, 210, 790 2,835 3,473 16,412 11,688 4,384 3,989 Wyoming 4,826,565 3,. 327, 185 5,115,789 3,390,571 42,827,866 27,758,309 8,912,608 4,036,227 2,729 2,427 14,238 8,100 3,868 2,412 Colorado 1,305,596 1,352,823 1,253, 686 1,390, 400 7,563,219 8,543,937 1,458,003 1,115,331 2, .347 814 7,894 1,843 2,024 550 New Mexico 2,894,984 3, 333, 743 3, 092, 784 3, 659,417 16,994,017 15,209,199 3, 131,971 1,964,171 156,980 55,765 394,895 113,545 96, 158 29,917 Arizona 916,600 668, 458 918, 690 791,361 .5, .503, 800 3,352,937 983,761 426, 318 103,220 13,874 246,032 27,0.30 63,120 7,326 Utah 1,670,890 2, .553, 134 1,663,074 2,676,76;i 12,102,220 17, 050, 977 2,093,827 2,599,638 13, 040 187 44, 708 409 11,240 128 Nevada 824,875 ■ 568, Z51 891,598 624,546 6,27.3,067 4,842,500 1,062,418 692, 403 2,070 3,503 5,719 10, ,590 1,455 3,672 Pacific: Washington 295, 264 558,022 322, 444 576,555 3,135,348 5,268,088 530, 708 618,975 5,154 1,335 19, 120 4,000 4, 666 1,097 Oregon 1,9.58,342 1,961,355 2, 125,717 2,139,504 18,841,862 18,349,660 3,782,721 2, .396, 741 141,588 79, 258 523, 435 267, 780 128, 230 74,363 Calilomia 1,525,288 1,724,968 2,662,800 2,882, 305 14,064,703 13, 680, 495 2,423,946 1,707,088 102, 134 73, 977 282,696 109,770 00,821 45, 665 > Includos Indian Territory. LIVE STOCK l^RODlKTrS. POULTRY AND EGGS. 353 United States as a whole: 1909 and 1899. — As iii tlio case of wool, the reports of the enumerators as to the production of poultry and eggs in 1909 were somewhat incomplete, and it was tleemed desirable to make estimates to cover this tleficiency, particularly in order to make the data comparable with those for 1899, which included estimates. Table 16 shows the actual returns of the quantity and value of eggs and of poultry produceil in 1909, with estimated totals for that year and for 1899. No estimates have been made regarding the sale of eggs and poultry in 1909, although this was done at the preceding census, and it is probable that the reported figures, which are also given in the table, are less than the true totals, although perhaps not so deficient as the reported protluction. Table 16 Numljer of farms reporting. Number of fowls on hand. PRODUCT. Quantity. V alue. Fowlson farms April 15, 1910. On farms reporting eggs 5,585,032 4,833,759 751,273 4,883,507 295,880,190 273,255,924 22,024,206 On other farms Eggs produced, as reported, 1909 Dozens. 1,457,385,772 1,591,311,371 1,293,602,433 297,648,938 23.0 926,405,787 *281,157,980 306,688,900 144,240,541 102,448,419 112 6 180,708,249 Total production of eggs (partly estimated): 1909 1899 Eggs sold, as reported, 1909 Fowls on farms April 15, 1910: On farms reporting poul- 3,800,007 4,761,774 823,258 4,832,490 270,540,564 25,339,626 Poultry raised, as reported , 1909 Total poultry raised (partly estimated): 1909 Ho. of fowls. 445,050, 124 488,468,354 185,390,856 202,506,272 136,830,152 05,676,120 48 0 75,273,524 1899 Increase, 1899 to 1909 Per cent of increase Fowls sold, as reported, 1909. . 3,038,932 153,000, 109 The total munber of farms which reported fowls on hand April 15, 1910, was 5,585,032, and the number of fowls, 295,880,000. Of these farms, however, the eniunerators reported the production of eggs for only 4,833,759, the number of fowls on such farms in. 1910 bemg 273,256,000, or about 8 per cent less than the total. The number of eggs reported (hicluding that on the small number of farms, about 50,000, which reported eggs produced in 1909 but no fowls on hand in 1910) was 1,457,386,000 dozens. These returns may somewhat understate the production of eggs even on the farms to which they relate, since farmers seldom keep accurate records of egg production and are apt to underesthnate it, particularly by underes- timating the home consumption; but there is no means of judgmg the extent of the deficiency due to this cause. An estunate may, however, be made for fai-ms which reported no eggs produced in 1909, although they had fowls hi 1910.^ In this way a total of 1,591,311,000 dozens is obtained as the approximate production of eggs in the country in 1909. The production of 1899 (also partly estimated) was 1,293,662,000 dozens,- the increase in 1909 as compared with 1899 being 23 per cent. The value of eggs produced m 1909 (mcludmg esti- mates) was $306,689,000, or considerably more than twice as much as that for 1899. The average value per dozen, as reported by the farmers, increased from .$0,111 to $0,193. About three-fourths of the farmers who reported the production of eggs in 1909 reported also that they sold eggs durmg that year. The number sold by them, as reported, was 926,466,000 dozens. ‘ The reasons for the incompleteness of the reports of poultry and eggs produced are similar to those in the case of -wool, set forth in a preceding footnote. The method of estimate used for poultry and eggs is slightly different from that used in the case of wool, and theoretically somewhat less correct. Instead of calculating the total production by applying to the total number of fowls the ratio between (1) the number of fowls on hand April 15, 1910, on farms reporting also the production of fowls or eggs in 1909, and (2) the total reported production of fowls or of eggs in 1909 on the same farms, it was calculated from the ratio between (1) the number of fowls on hand April 15, 1910, on farms reporting also the production of fowls or eggs in 1909, and (2) the total reported production of fowls or eggs in 1909, which includes a small 'production on farms not reporting fowls on harid in 1910. The quantity produced on farms of the latter class was so insignificant as not to justify the addi- tional labor of a separate tabulation. Table 17 DIVISION. FO-WLS ON HAND APRIL 15, 1910 EGGS PRODUCED, AS reported: 1909 Total pro- duction of eggs, partly estimated (dozens): 1909 FOWLS RAISED, AS reported: 1909 Total num- ber of fowls raised, partly estimated: 1909 Total. On farms reporting eggs produced in 1909. On farms reporting fowls raised in 1909. Farms report- ing. Quantity (dozens). Farms report- ing. Number. Farms reporting. Number. Farms report- ing. Number. Farms report- ing. Number. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central \V est North Central South Atlantic East South Central W est Sou th Central Mountain Pacific 5,685,032 150, 643 428, 443 1,045,736 1,007,771 971,758 897, 145 808, 267 126, 986 148, 283 295,880, 190 7,078,636 26,004,625 71,941,382 88,684,488 27,858, 263 26,918,569 31,501,899 5,708,606 10, 183, 722 4,833,759 1.35,310 390,783 959, 187 885,546 843, 964 762, 182 645,347 92,715 118,725 273,255,924 6,629,735 24,546,744 68,126,004 82,504,127 25,771,773 24,583,558 27,476,494 4,626,338 8,991,151 4,761,774 127,114 379, 783 941,238 874, 560 840,235 760,641 637.835 88, 163 112,205 270, 540,564 6,439,950 24, 124, 144 67,034,087 82,201,207 25,512,240 24,391,225 27,089,614 4,492,690 8, 655, 407 4, 883, B07 142,165 396,012 966, 240 891,590 850, 796 709, 893 651, 607 94,781 120,363 1,457,385,772 51,487,518 152,222,031 370,965,805 413, 838, 848 125,634, 154 117,141,106 136,787,145 28,518,888 60, 790, 277 1,591,311,371 55,078,175 161,92i;598 392,304, 118 446,336, 192 136,073,767 129, 133,681 165,557,865 35,504,102 09,401,873 4,832,496 135,278 386,012 950. 627 882,408 854,310 771,066 647,003 91,165 114.627 445,650, 124 10,143,637 33,689,001 96,463,041 114,871,313 64,779,063 55,402,822 50,796,202 6,912,613 12,592,432 488,468,354 11, 139,4,39 36,313,031 102, 496, 192 123,853,667 70,792, 154 61, 199,837 59,066,127 8, 799, 190 14,808,717 72497°— 13— 21 354 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Oil the basis of similar estimates for farms with iu- com[)lete reports, the total number of fowls raised in 1909 (including those sold, killed, or on hand April 1 5, 1910) was 488,468,000 and their value 1202,506,000. The census of 1900 did not call for the number of fowls raised in 1899, but the value of fowls raised in that year (partly estimated) was $186,830,000, the increase between 1899 and 1909 lieing 48 per cent. The number of fowls reported sold in 1909 was about one-third of the number raised. Divisions and states: 1909 and 1899. — Table 17, on the preceding page, shows, by geographic divisions, the production of fowls and of eggs as reported for 1909, with estimates of the total production. There is a decidedly greater difference in the Moun- tain, West South Central, and Pacific divisions than elsewhere between the reporte0, 395 12,994.834 22. 06.5, 561 ' 169. 8 803.810 ’ 778, 651 95. 456 68;R 195 715. 7 734,090 Olives.. Lbs 16, 405,493 5,053,6,37 11,351,856 224. 6 404.574 143,467 Nvits Lbs 62,328,010 40,028,825 22,299. 185 55. 7 4.447,674 < 1,949,931 2,497,743 128.1 6, 793, 5x19 7, 142. 710 —340. 171 —4.9 71L97n 9,890,769 3,206,850 6,683,919 208.4 971,596 Walnuts (Persian or Lbs. . 22,026,524 10,668,065 1 1 , ,3,58. 4.50 106. 5 2,297.336 » 23,617, 178 s 19,011,200 4 ; 005, 978 24.2 * 466.772 IS. 2 is 9.307 8, 941 96. 1 34.872.329 18,758,864 10,113,465 85. 9 80,618 59, 492 21. 126 35. 5| 21,050,822 10. 123,873 10,920,949 107. 9 Forest [ifoducts of farms. 195,306,28.3 109,864,774 85, 441,509 77.8 II ' A minus sign {— ) denotes decrease. 2 Kstimated. s Does not incliido coconuts, which arc reported by number. ' Includes value of coconuts. FARM CniOrS, BY STATICS. 361 The total value of crops in 1909 was equal to $59.66 per capita of the population of the United States, while tlie value per capita in 1899 was $39.46.* There were 6,361,502 farms in the United States in 1910, so that the value of crops in 1909 was equal to an aver- age of $863 per farm, while the average value of crops per farm for 1899 was $523.* The Census Bureau has made no attempt to ascer- tain the total net value of farm products for 1909, including both that of crops and that of animal prod- ucts. Merely to add the value of these two groups of products together would involve extensive duplication, since large quantities of the crops reported are fed to the animals on the farms. It is impossible to ascer- tain accurately the amount of such duplication, and the attempt to do so which was made at the Twelfth Census was not considered satisfactory in its results. For this reason the relative importance of crops in the aggregate as a factor in the agricultural produc- tion of the United States can not be determined with^ accuracy. Relative importance of different crops: 1909 and 1899. — In comparing the statistics for individual crops shown in Table 1, it should be noted that the returns are probably more accurate for the leading crops than for the minor crops. The reported pro- duction of fruits and vegetables is in all probability less than the true production, as a large proportion of these products are consumed on the farm and farmers are apt to underestimate the amount of such home consumption. The relative importance of the various individual crops and groups of crops can best be judged from Table 2, which shows, for 1909 and 1899, the per- centage of the total improved land occupied by each important crop for wliich acreage was reported and the percentage which the value of each important crop formed of the total for all crops. The table gives also the average value of each crop per acre wherever data are available. In 1909, as already stated, crops with acreage re- ports occupied 65.1 per cent of the total improved land. Cereals occupied 40 per cent — nearly five- eighths of the total acreage of land in crops with acre- age reports — hay and forage 15.1 per cent, and cotton 6.7 per cent. These three leading groups together thus occupied 61.8 per cent of the improved land. The distribution of the total value is somewhat differ- ent. Cereals in 1909 contributed 48.6 per cent of the total value of crops, hay and forage 15 per cent, cotton (including cotton seed) 15 per cent, vegetables (including potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams) 7.6 per cent, fruits and nuts 4 per cent, forest prod- ' These per capita figures are based on the population of the United States on April 15, 1910, and June 1, 1900, respectively. ^ These averages are based on the number of farms in the United States on April 15, 1910, and June 1, 1900, respectively. nets of farms 3.6 per cent, tobacco 1.9 per cent, and sugar crops 1.1 per cent, leaving only 3.1 per cent for the other minor crops. Among the individual crops, corn, which occupied 20.6 per cent of the im- proved farm land in 1909 and contributed 26.2 per cent of the total value of crops in that year, is the most important. None of the other cereals has so great a value as either hay and forage or cotton (in- cludmg cotton seed). As judged by value, wheat ranks fourth among the crops, oats fifth, and (dis- regarding forest products as being a combination of items) potatoes sixth. There was no change in the ranking of the leading crops between 1899 and 1909, but there were, never- theless, considerable changes in the proportion of im- proved land occupied by some of them, and in the proportion contributed to the total value of crops. Table 2 CROP. PER CENT OF IMPROVED FARM LAND OCCUPIED. PER CENT OF TOTAL VALUE OF CROPS. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 100.0 100.0 With acreage reports 65.1 68.3 92.5 92.3 $16.30 $9.77 7.5 7.7 Cereals 40.0 44.6 48.6 49.4 13.93 8.01 Corn 20.6 22.9 26.2 27.6 14.62 8.73 Oats 7.3 7.1 7.6 7.2 11.79 7.35 Wheat 9.3 12.7 12.0 12.3 14.86 7.03 Barley 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 12.01 9.31 Buckwheat 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 10.63 7. 12 Rye 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 9.30 5.98 Kafir corn and milo maize 0.3 0.1 0.2 (') 6.62 5.13 0. 1 0.1 9. 73 Rice 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 26.25 18.50 Other grains and seeds: Dry edible beans 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 27.11 16.82 Dry peas 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 8.40 8.17 Peanuts 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 21.00 14.07 Flaxseed 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 13.91 9.30 Grass seed and fiower and veg- 0.3 0.3 Hay and forage 15.1 14.9 15.0 16.1 11.40 7.85 Tobacco 0.3 0.3 1.9 1.9 80.55 51.74 Cotton (including cotton seed) 6.7 5.9 15.0 12.4 25. 74 15.27 Sugar crops: Sugar beets 0.1 0) 0.4 0.1 54.60 30.16 Sorghum cane 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 22.91 20. 82 Sugar cane 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 55.40 53.08 0.1 0. 1 Sundry minor field crops*: Broom corn 0.1 (■) 0.1 0.1 15.74 20.09 Hemp (0 (‘) (‘) (‘) 53.97 34.06 Hops (*) 0) 0.1 0.1 175. 53 73.40 1.5 1.4 7.6 8.0 “Potatoes 0.8 0.7 3.0 3.3 45.36 33.48 Sweet potatoes and yams 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 55.2.5 36.98 Other vegetables 0.6 0.5 3.9 4.0 78.26 55.63 4.0 4.4 Small fruits 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.8 110.01 80.80 2.6 2.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 Flowers and plants (') (>) 0.6 0.6 1,911.02 2,015. 57 Nursery products (') (') 0.4 0.3 261. 12 170. 17 3.6 3.7 1 Le,ss than one-tenth of t per cent. By reason of the fact that the wheat area dimin- I ished and that of corn failed to keep pace with the I increase in improved land, both of these leading crops, and the cereal group as a whole, occupied a smaller percentage of the improved farm land of the ' country in 1909 than in 1899, while hay and forage 362 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE LAND AREA, PERCENTAGE DISTRIRUTION: APRIL 15, 1910. (Crop Acreage: 1909.) IMPROVED LAND, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION: 1909. VALUE OF ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY CROPS: 1909. IMPROVED LAND, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION: 1899. VALUE OF ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY DIVISIONS: 1909. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 363 and cotton occupied a larger percentage. Ray and forage as well as the cereals, however, contributed a somewhat smaller ])roportion of the total value of crops in 1909 than in 1899, while cotton (including cotton seed) contributed a materially larger propor- tion. The combined acreage of cereals increased only 3.5 per cent during the decade 1899-1909, while that of hay and forage increased 17.2 per cent and that of cotton 32 per cent. Certain minor crops show higher percentages of increase in acreage than these leading crops. The average value of crops per acre, for all crops with acreage reports combined, was $9.77 in 1899, and $16.30 in 1909. Naturally great dilferences ap- pear among the individual crops with respect to average value per acre. These dilferences in no way indicate the relative profitableness of the different crops, however, as some crops requii’e the use of much more valuable land and more expensive methods of cultivation than others. Relation of prices to increase in value: 1899 to 1909. — A large part of the extraordinary increase in the total value of farm crops between 1899 and 1909 is attributable to liigher prices. While the acreage of crops with acreage reports increased only 9.9 per cent, the value of such crops mcreased 83.3 per cent. The percentages of increase in the quantity of the various individual crops, as shown in Table 1, were in nearly all cases much less than the percentages of increase in the value. Thus, for all cereals taken together, the production increased only 1.7 per cent, while the value increased 79.8 per cent; for hay and forage the production increased 23 per cent and the value 70.2 percent; and for cotton (including cotton seed) the production increased 11.7 per cent and the value 122.5 per cent. Table 3 shows, for the leading individual crops for which both quantity produced and value were re- ported at both censuses, the average value per unit in 1899 and 1909, with the percentage of increase. It also shows the value which would have been reported for each crop in 1909 if the average value per unit had been the same in that year as in 1899. In each case a comparison of the value of the 1909 crop computed on this basis with the actual value of the crop of 1899 shows the increase in value during the decade which was due to increased production; while a com- parison of this computed value with the actual value of the crop in 1909 shows the mcrease during the decade which was due to the increase in prices. For certaui crops, principally fruits and nuts, the values were not reported separately in 1900, and for certain other crops quantities were not reported at either census, but the table covers nuie-tenths of the crops of the coimtry as measured by value. Table 3 CROP. Unit. AVERAGE V.ALUE PER UNIT. ! VALUE OF CROPS. INCREASES: 1899 TO 19091 EXCESS OF ACTUAL VALUES OF CROPS OF 1909 OVER VALUES COM- PUTED FOR 19^)9 ON BASIS OF PRICES OF 1899, 1909 1899 Increase: 1899 to 1909 As reported: 1909 Computed for 1909 on basis of prices of 1899. As reported; 1899 On basis of values as reported. On basis of prices of 1899 for crops of 1909. Amount. Per j cent. ! Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. 1 1 *5.487. Ifil 228 $2 998 704 412 $2, 488,456,811 83.0 4. 984’ 489. 828 *2 9fi2 858 477 2, 691,978,541 ' 2 ' 242,511,287 83.2 $270,379,936 10.0 $1, 972, 131, 351 66.6 852, 671, 395 / - / 306,725,871 ' 245 ' 945 ', 524 80.2 2,665,539,714 1,510,529,214 1 482, 60.’^, 040 1, 182,936,665 79.8 27,926,165 1.9 1,155,010,500 76.5 Corn Bu... $0. 5ti365 SO. 31061 SO. 25304 81.5 i 438; 553 ; 919 792,735,621 828, 192,388 '610;36i;531 73.7 - 35 ; 456; 767 - 4.3 '645', 818; 298 81.5 Oats Bu... 0. 41176 0. 23013 0. 18163 78.9 414,697,422 231,773,814 217,098,584 197,598,838 91.0 14,675,230 6.8 182,923,608 78.9 Wheat Bu... 0. 96236 0. 56177 0.40059 71.3 657,656,801 383,901,966 369,945,320 287,711,481 77.8 13,956,646 3.8 273,754,835 71.3 Barley Bu... 0. 53338 0. 34799 0. 18539 53.3 92,458,571 60,322,052 41,631,762 50,826,809 122.1 18,690,290 44.9 32, 136,519 53.3 Buckwheat Bu... 0. 62835 0.51167 0. 11668 22.8 9,3,30,592 7,597,958 5, 747, 853 3,582,739 62.3 1,850, 105 32.2 1, 732, 634 22.8 Rye Bu... 0. 69179 0. 48069 0.21110 43.9 20,421,812 14, 190, 188 12,290,540 8,131,272 66.2 1,899,648 15.5 6,231,624 43.9 Kafir corn and milo maize Bu... 0. 61469 0.26446 0.35023 132.4 10,816,940 4,653,783 1,367,040 9,449,900 691.3 3,286,743 240.4 6, 163,157 132.4 Emmer and spelt. . - Bu... 0. 439t>0 0. 43960 5. 584. 0501 5,584,050 5,584,050 Rough rice . . T Bu... 0. 73355 0. 70306 0. 03049 4,3 16', 019 ; 607 15,353,832 6,329,562 9;690;045 153.1 9,024, 270 142.6 ' 665; 775 4.3 Dry edible beans Bu... 1.9.3504 1.50729 0. 42775 28.4 21,771,482 16,958,761 7,633,636 14,137, 846 185'. 2 9,325,125 122.2 4,812,721 28.4 Other beans Bu... 1.34121 0. 93511 0. 40610 43.4 241,060 168,070 134,084 106, 976 79.8 33,986 25.3 72,990 43.4 Dry peas Bu... 1.53784 0. 83780 0.70004 83.6 10,963,739 5,972,923 7,908,966 3,054,773 38.6 -1,936,043 -24.5 4,990,816 83.6 Peanuts Bu... 0. 94108 0. 60769 0. 33339 54.9 18,271,929 11,798,797 7,270,515 11,001,414 151.3 4,528,282 62.3 6,473,132 54.9 Flaxseed Bu... 1. 48470 0. 98225 0. 50245 51.2 28,970,554 19,166,412 19,624,901 9,345,653 47.6 -458,489 -2.3 9,804, 142 51.2 Grass seed Bu... 2. 26906 1. 69132 0.57774 34.2 15, 1.37,683 11,283,384 8,228,417 6,909,266 84.0 3,054,967 37.1 3,854,299 34.2 Hay and forage Ton. . 8. 45534 6. 11035 2.34499 38.4 824,004,877 595,476,430 484,254,703 339, 750, 174 70.2 111,221,727 23.0 228,528,447 38.4 Tobacco Lb... 0. 09879 0.06565 0.03314 50.5 104,302,856 69,310,960 56,987,902 47,314,954 83.0 12,323,058 21.0 34,991,896 50.5 Cotton Bale . 66. 07208 33. 95575 32. 11633 94.6 703,619,303 361,603,882 323,758, 171 379,861,132 117.3 37,845,711 11.7 342,015,421 94.6 Cotton seed Ton. . 22. 73902 9. 84835 12. 89067 130.9 121,076,984 52,438,859 46,950,575 74,126,409 157.9 5,488,284 11.7 68,638, 125 130.9 Sugar beets Ton. . 5. 05503 4. 18885 0. 8661S 20.7 19,880, 724 16,474,148 3,323,240 16,557,484 498.2 13,150,908 395.7 3,406,576 20.7 Sorghum cane Ton. . 6. 17659 3. 19526 2. 98133 93.3 10, 174, 457 5,263,430 6, 103, 102 4,071,355 66.7 -839,672 -13.8 4,911,027 93.3 Broom corn Lb... 0. 06503 0.03946 0.02557 64.8 5,134,434 3,115,760 3,588,414 1,546,020 43.1 -472,654 -13.2 2,018,674 64.8 Hemp Lb... 0. 05515 0. 04649 0. 00866 18.6 412,69!) 347,898 546,338 -133,639 -24.5 -198,440 -36.3 64,801 18.6 Hops Lb... 0. 19266 0. 08295 0. 10971 132.3 7,844,745 3,377,626 4,081,929 3,762,816 92.2 -704,309 -17.3 4,467,125 132.3 Potatoes Bu... 0. 42761 0. 35995 0. 06766 18.8 166,423,91C 140,090,728 98,380,110 68,043,800 69.2 41,710,618 42.4 26,333, 182 18.8 Sweet potatoes and yams Bu... 0. 59814 0. 46733 0. 13081 28.0 35,429,176 27,680,923 19,869,840 15,559,336 78.3 7,811,083 39.3 7, 748, 253 28.0 Small fruits Qt... 0. 07027 0. 05403 0. 01624 30.1 29,974,481 23,047,354 25,029,757 4,944,724 19.8 -1,982,403 -7.9 6,927, 127 30.1 Orchard fruits Bu... 0.65191 0. 39437 0. 25754 65.3 140,867,347 85,216,927 83,750,961 57,116,386 68.2 1,465,966 1.8 55,650,420 65.3 Nuts Lb... 0. 07136 0. 04871 0.02265 46.5 4,447,674 3,035,997 1,949,931 2,497,743 128.1 1,086,066 55.7 1,411,677 46.5 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 3 04 Tlio total reported value of crops in 1899, compared in Table 3, was $2,691,979,000, and the total reported value of the same crops in 1909, $4,934,490,000, an increase of 83.3 i)er cent. Had the prices of 1899 prevailed, however, the value of these crops in 1909 would have amounted to $2,962,358,000, or an increase of only 10 per cent over 1899, which indicates substantially the increase in the volume of the prod- uct. The difference between $2,962,358,000 and $4,934,490,000, or $1,972,132,000, represents the amount added to the value of these crops by reason of the increase in prices over those for 1899, the average percentage of increase in })rices being thus 66.6. For the most important individual crop, corn, the table shows that the actual value in 1909 was $1,438,554,000, or 73.7 per cent more than the value of the crop of 1899. If there had been no change in value per bushel the value of the 1909 crop would have been $792,736,000, or less than the value of the crop of 1899. The difference, $645,818,000, represents the addition to the value of the corn crop of 1 909 by reason of the increase of 81.5 per cent in the average value per bushel. Increase of crop production and consumption: 1899 to 1909. — The percentage given above, 10 per cent, as representing the increase in the value of the crops of 1909, on the basis of the 1899 prices, over the value of the same crops in 1899, is nothing else than a con- solidated expression of the general increase in the quan- tity of crops produced. Covering, as it does, nine- tenths of the crops of the country, it may properly be compared with the increase of 21 per cent in the popu- lation of the United States between 1900 and 1910. During the decade the increase in the number of farms was 10.9 per cent, the increase in rural population 11.2 per cent, and the increase in urban population 34.8 per cent. As already stated, the total acreage of crops with acreage reports increased 9.9 per cent between 1899 and 1909. It would appear, therefore, that in the aggre- gate there was practically no difference in the average quantity of crops produced per acre in the two years. The increasing consumption of crops in the country has been supplied only in part by an increased produc- tion, the remainder being furnished in large measure by a curtailment of agricultural exports. Thus in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the exportations of domestic breadstuffs amounted to $262,744,078^ in value, while in the fiscal year 1910 the exports of such commodities had sunk to almost one-half of tins value, namely, $133,191,330.' In view of the increase of prices in the 10 years, it will readily be understood that the exports have decreased in quantity considei'ably more than appears from the decrease in value. Acreage of leading crops: 1879 to 1909.— Because of the difficulties arising from changes in prices, as well as because of some differences in the classification of ' See Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1910, 'table 217, page 491. crops, a complete comparison of the census returns for 1909 with those obtained by the censuses prior to 1899 is not practicable. For some of the leading crops, however, a comparison with the censuses of 1879 and 1889, as well as of 1899, can be made upon the basis of acreage. The acreage of all cereals in 1879 was 119,000,000. It advanced in 1889 to 140,000,000 and in 1899 to 184,000,000. The increase in the acreage of some other important crops was more marked. In 1879 the acreage of hay and forage was 30,000,000, advancing to 53,000,000 in 1889, to 62.000,000 in 1899, and in 1909, to 72,000,000, wliich was considerably more than double the acreage of 30 years before. During the same period of time the cotton acreage has more than doubled, the acreage in 1879 being 15,000,000 and in 1909 32,000,000 Tobacco advanced comparatively little in acreage from 1879 to 1889 (639,000 to 695,000), but in 1899 tobacco was harvested from 1,101,000 acres and in 1909 from 1,295,000. Thus, among these four crops for wliich acreage figures are available for four cen- suses, the increase in the combined cereals has been less than that of the other crops, and in their propor- tion of the aggregate acreage represented by these crops the cereals are at the present time less important than they were 30 years ago. For these four crops the increase in the acreage from 1879 to 1909 amounted to 80.5 per cent, wliile the population of the country increased 83.4 per cent between 1880 and 1910. SIGNS AND STATES. Distribution of all crops, by divisions: 1909 and 1899. — Table 4 shows for each of the nine geographic divisions and also for certain larger sections of the country the total acreage and value of all crops with acreage reports, and the total value of all crops, in- cluding those without acreage reports, in 1909 and 1899. Table 5 gives percentages and averages based on Table 4. The North includes the first four geo- graphic divisions, the South includes the next three, and the West the last two. In the West North Central division, where the pro- portion of improved land occupietl in 1909 by crops with acreage reports was highest, t hese crops occupied 69.8 per cent of the total improved farm acreage in that year, while in the Pacific division, where the pro- portion was lowest, they occupied 48.3 per cent. The Pacific division has a larger amount of land devoted to fruits and cultivated nuts than any of the other geographic divisions, but it is probable that even in that division the land in such crops in 1909 scarcely exceeded one-sixth of the land in crops for which the acreage, was reported. Of the total value of all crops those without acreage reports represent somewhat less than 10 per cent. Such crops are relatively important in the New Eng- land and Pacific divisions, whore fruit crops and forest 365 > FARM CROPS, BY STATES. products of farms contribute a considerable proportion crops to the total value is relatively least in the West of the value of all crops. The contribution of such Norlh Central division. Table -1 DIVISION OR SECTION. ACREAGE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF ALL CROPS. 11)09 1899 Increase.' 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Acres. Ter cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. tTnited States. . 311.293,382 283,218,280 28, 075, 102 9.9 $5,073,997,594 $2,768,339,569 $2, 305, 658, 025 83.3 $5,487,161,223 $2,998,704,412 $2,488,456,811 83.0 Kew England 4,6,58,850 4,865,803 -206.953 -4.3 114,399,237 79,380,064 35,019,173 44.1 141,113,829 95,220,019 45,893,810 48.2 Middle Atlantic 17,329,196 18,019,446 -1,290,250 -6.9 3,59,434,892 203,721,811 95,713,081 36.3 416,248,625 304,829,335 111,419,290 36.5 East North Central 59,790,579 '59,223,811 500,768 1.0 1,047,989,193 022,755,503 425,233,090 08.3 1,117,182,160 674,955,402 442,226,758 0.5.5 West North Central.. . 114,689,460 101,243,210 13,446,250 13.3 1,403,517,581 714,017,750 689,499,825 96. () 1,445,909,494 736,910,061 708,998,533 90.2 Soutli Atlantic 30,279,427 28,3.37,150 1,942,277 0.9 673,225,482 319,874,805 353,350,077 110.5 742,105,240 348,918,717 393, 186, 529 112.7 East South Central 25,775,920 25,315,596 460, 324 1.8 509,467,342 287,926,942 221,540,400 76.9 551,282,286 307,782,583 243,499,703 79.1 West South Central . . . 39,273,694 29,857,098 9,416,496 31.5 600,133,113 321,007,404 279,125,709 87.0 628,343,039 332,051,290 295,091,749 88.9 Mountain...^ 8,859,062 5,392.495 3,466,567 64.3 152,358.297 54,187,588 98,170,709 181.2 163,897,753 56,731,556 107, 166, 197 188.9 Pacific 10,637,294 10,363,671 273,623 2.6 213,472,457 105,467,696 108,004,761 102.4 281,078,791 140,704,549 140,374,242 99.8 The North 196,468,085 183,952,270 12,515,815 6.8 2,925,340,903 1,679,875,134 1,245,465,709 74.1 3,120,454,108 1,811,915,717 1,308,538,391 72.2 The South 95,328,941 83,509,844 11,819,097 14.2 1,782,825,937 928,809,151 854,016,786 91.9 1,921,730,571 989,352,590 932,377,981 94.2 The West 19,496,356 15,756,166 3,740, 190 23.7 365,830,754 159,055,284 206, 175, 470 129.1 444,976,544 197,436, 106 247, 540, 439 125.4 East of the Mississippi. 137,833,972 136,361,806 1,472,166 1.1 2,704,516,146 1,573,059,125 1,130,857,021 71.9 2,967,932,146 1,731,700,056 1,236,226,090 71.4 Westol the Mississippi. 173,459,410 146,850,474 26,602,936 18.1 2,369,481,448 1,194,680, 444 1,174,801,004 98.3 2,519,229,077 1,260, 998,356 1,252,230,721 93.8 > A minus sign (— ) Table 5 DIVISION OR SECTION. PER CENT OF TOTAL FARM ACREAGE IN CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. PER CENT OF IMPROVED FARM LAND IN CROPS WITH ACRE- AGE REPORTS. DISTRIBU- TION OF VALUE OF ALL CROPS. AVERAGE VALUE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS PER ACRE OF LAND IN SUCH CROPS. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States.. 35.4 33.8 65.1 68.3 100.0 100.0 16.30 9. 77 New England 23.6 23.7 64.2 59.8 2.6 3.2 24.50 16.31 Middle Atlantic 40. 1 41.5 59.1 60.5 7.6 10.2 20.74 14. 16 East North Central . . . 50.7 50.9 67.2 68.3 20.4 22.5 17.53 10.52 West North Central... 49.3 50.4 69.8 74.6 26.4 24.6 12.24 7.05 South Atlantic 29.2 27.2 62.5 61.5 13.5 11.6 22. 23 11.29 East South Central . . . 31.0 31.2 58.7 62.9 10.0 10.3 19. 77 11.37 West South Central.. . 23.2 10.9 67.4 75.1 11.5 11.1 15.28 10.75 Mountain 14.9 11.6 55.7 64.2 3.0 1.9 17.20 10.05 Pacific 20.7 21.9 48.3 55.3 5.1 4.7 20.07 10. 18 The North 47.5 48. 1 67.8 70.4 56.9 00.4 14.89 9. 13 The South 26.9 23. 1 63.3 60.2 35.0 33.0 18. 70 11.12 The West 17.6 16.8 51.4 58.0 8.1 6.6 18. 76 10. 13 East of the Mississippi. 37.6 37.1 63.2 64.3 54.1 57.7 19. 02 11.54 West of the Mississippi 33.8 31.2 60.0 72.5 45.9 42.3 13.60 8.14 In the value of all crops (including those without acreage reports) the West North Central division ranks first, its crops in 1909 being valued at $1,445,909,000, or 26.4 per cent of the total for the country. This division, however, has 34.3 per cent of the improved farm land in the United States. The East North Central division contributed more than one-fifth of the total value of crops in 1909, and the South Atlantic nearly one-seventh. Of the value of all crops the North reported 56.9 per cent, the South 35 per cent, and the West 8.1 per cent. The proportion east of the Mississippi was 54.1 per cent and that west of the Mississippi 45.9 per cent. In all of the geographic divisions except the New England and' South Atlantic, crops with acreage reports occupied a somewhat smaller proportion of the improved acreage in 1909 than in 1899. In the New England and kliddle Atlantic divisions the acreage in such crops decreased between 1899 and 1909; and a decrease would doubtless appear for all crops denotes decrease. combined if reports of acreage were available for all. The increase in the acreage of crops with acreage rejjorts for the North (mainly in the West North Central division) was 6.8 jjer cent; that for the South (mainly in the West South Central division), 14.2 per cent; and that for the West, 23.7 per cent. The table shows that the increase for the territory east of the klississippi was only 1 . 1 per cent, while for that west of the Mississippi it was 18.1 per cent. The absolute increase in value of crops between 1899 and 1909 was greatest in the West North Central division ($708,999,000), but the percentage of increase in that division (96.2) was less than that in the Mountain division (188.9), that in the South Atlantic division (112.7), or that in the Pacific division (99.8 per cent). For the North the increase in value of crops was 72.2 per cent, for the South 94.2 per cent, and for the West 125.4 per cent. Eelative importance of leading crops in the total production of each division, section, and state : 1909 . — Tables 6, 7, and 8 have for their purpose the indica- tion of the relative importance of the principal indi- vidual crops in the agriculture of each geographic division, section, and state. The distribution of the crops varies greatly in the different divisions and sections. As shown in Table 6, the value of cereals constituted 75.4 per cent of the total value of crops in the West North Central divi- sion and 65.4 per cent in the East North Central, but in no other division did the proportion exceed 35 per cent, and in New England it was only 7.6 per cent. As judged by value, hay and forage is the most important group of crops in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and Mountain divisions, whUe cotton is the most important crop in each of the three southern divisions; in the South as a whole the value of the cotton crop (including cotton seed) in 1909 was 42.7 per cent of the total value of all crops. ABSTRACJT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE 3(T) VALUE OF ALL CROPS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY CROPS, BY DIVISIONS: 1909. NKW ENGLAND. MIDDLE ATLANTIC. EAST NORTU CENTRAL. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. SOUTH ATLANTIC. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOUNTAIN. PACIFIC. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 367 PERCENTAGE OF VALUE OF ALL CROPS REPRESENTED BY INDIVIDUAL CROPS, BY DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS; J!i09. Tublo 6 DIVISION OR SECTION. Value of all crops. Crops with acreage reports. Crops without acre- age reports.! CEREALS. OTHER GRAINS AND SEEDS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. '8 OP CO Hay and forage. Tobacco. Cotton (including cotton seed). O bi a (m o O 03 « 12 03 O w ta 0) u pq V s <1> o a “ 'd a a , la a" w V 5 'rt O Eh jOJ 3 . •B 3 OP ^ p Ol a Q 9 OP a *0 .2 a United States... 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 92.5 81. 1 86.4 93.8 97. 1 90 7 92.4 9.5.5 93.0 75.9 7.5 18.9 13.6 6. 2 2.9 9. 3 7.6 4.5 7.0 24 1 48.6 7.6 29.6 65.4 75.4 26. 2 31.5 31.0 34.6 32.3 26.2 3.9 10. 9 38.9 34 8 20. 1 27.4 22.8 Z8 0.6 12.0 0. 1 7.6 10.9 2.5. 2 3.9 Z9 2.7 45.8 18.6 7.6 Z9 8.0 13.3 11.2 1.8 1. 2 2.0 12.0 48 1.7 a 2 0.3 4 4 3.3 C) C) (^) 3. 4 7.8 0.4 0. 1 4 2 0.8 0.3 0. 1 0. 1 m 0. 2 0 1 0.2 0. 3 4 6 0. 1 (*) 0. 1 i 0.2 0) h b) 0.2 C) b) 4 0 0.3 0.3 0.1 8 0.3 i 0. 1 (>) 0.3 1.5 0.3 0.9 4 2 2.0 25 0 7 0.5 4 0 2 4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 (^) C) C) C) 0.3 2.3 0.2 (») (’) 0.3 (*) 0.5 0.3 0. 2 0.3 0. 1 0.3 (^) I 49 0. 4 0.3 8 0.5 8 (») 4 9 ii 0.4 (’) 0.3 (^) 0. 1 0.6 0.4 C) 0. 1 (’) 0.6 0.4 15.0 44 9 34 4 16.5 14. 6 5. 1 5.4 4.7 40.5 26. 5 1.9 4.0 4 0 4 4 4. 4 8.3 (*) 15.0 East North Central West North Central . . . South Atlantic East South Central West South Central. . . Mountain m 0. 1 (’) 24 C) 63 40.8 37. 1 49.9 (’) (») The North loao 93. 7 6.3 6^6 31.7 16 6 14 2 2 1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0. 2 fs) 4 5 0.5 0. 1 (’) 0.9 0.4 18.8 0.8 0. 1 The South 100.0 92.8 7.2 29.3 23. 1 3. 2 4 7 m 0. 1 0.3 (») 0.8 4 3 0.3 0. 9 (=-) 0. 1 5. 1 4. 1 42 7 The West 100.0 82. 2 17.8 33. 1 1.4 17.6 7.5 6.2 0. 1 b) 0.3 0. 1 4 9 45 0. 2 m 0. 2 0.5 34 7 m G) East of the Mississippi . 100.0 91. 1 8.9 44 6 26.5 6. 7 6.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 (^) (*) m 4 4 0.5 0.3 0.6 m 0.3 14.9 3.5 17. 1 West of the Mississippi. loao 94. 1 5.9 56.9 25.9 la 2 •8.3 3.0 0.2 (’) 0.4 0. 2 0.6 46 0.3 0. 1 0. 1 4 1 0.3 15. 2 m 12 6 SUGAR CROPS. SUNDRY MINOR CROPS. VEGETABLES. Flowers and plants. Nursery products. FRUITS AND NUTS. Forest products of farms. 3 Miscellaneous.’ Sugarcane. Sorghum cane. Sugar beets. Maple sugar and sirup. “ 3 o &H Broom corn. Hemp. Hops. Total. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes and yams. Other vegeta- bles. Total. Orchard fraits.3 Small fruits. Tropical and subtropical fruits.3 cfi CP P4 c3 u c B 3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 (’) 0.1 7.6 3.0 0.6 3.9 0.6 0.4 4.0 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 3.6 0.1 (®) (^) 40 (*) (*) (3) (^) 24 5 12 4 (*) 9. 1 3.3 0. 7 7.0 5. 2 4 7 (®) 0. 1 (3) 12. 5 0. 1 C) P) 0. 4 0. 6 r) (3) 0. 6 17. 4 9. 0 0.4 a 1 28 4 0 9. 6 6. 9 4 4 (*) 4 2 (3) 4. 6 0. 4 a 1 0.5 0. 2 0. 2 0. 1 (3) (^) 6.9 3. 4 0. 1 3.5 a 8 0.3 3.0 2. 2 0. 5 (3) 0. 3 (3) 2. 9 0. 1 0. 1 (^) 0. 1 0. 1 b) (3) 3. 8 2 1 tt 1 4 7 0. 2 0. 3 1. 4 4 0 0. 3 « 0. 1 3 1. 4 (3) 0.5 0. 2 p) b) (3) (3) b) 9.8 49 2 2 5. 7 0.3 0. 2 3.8 2. 1 0.6 40 6 1 5.9 0. 1 0. 6 0.6 « 0. 1 (^) 0. 1 h 7. 5 4 1 4 7 48 0. 2 6 2 2 4 2. 0 0.3 (3) 0. 1 5.3 3. 1 0.3 p) F) 0. 4 0.4 F) b) 4. 8 69 4 0 3.0 0. 1 6 3 44 0.8 0.3 0. 1 (3) 0. 1 3.3 (3) m 0. 1 5.8 0. 1 0. 1 P (3) 9.3 5.3 (3) 40 0.5 0.4 5.4 4 7 0.6 (3) 0. 1 (3) 46 (3) P) 4 6 49 (») F) 49 a 1 3.5 0. 1 4.4 6 8 43 24 4 9.2 4 2 6.0 3.9 1. 1 3.4 F) 0. 1 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 0. 1 (^) 0. 1 7. 5 3. 9 0. 1 3.5 0.9 0.4 3.3 Z 4 0. 6 (3) 0.3 (3) Z 8 0. 1 4 4 0.4 (3) 0. 2 0. 1 (3) 7.5 43 4 6 46 0. 2 6 2 26 4 7 0. 4 0. 4 0. 1 0. 1 49 (3) (^) m 3.2 m 4 2 m 42 a5 42 0. 1 4 2 6 7 0.9 15.5 7. 6 4 0 3.8 25 0.7 27 (3) 0. 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0. 2 0. 1 (^) 0. 1 9.9 3. 8 0.9 62 40 0.4 42 29 0. 7 0. 3 0.3 (3) 4.8 0. 1 0.8 0. 2 0.6 (^) 0.4 (“) (^) 0.2 4.9 22 0.3 2 4 0.3 6 4 3.9 2 1 0.4 6 7 0. 5 0. 2 2. 1 (3) DIVISION OK SECTION. TTnited States. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . . West North Central. . South Atlantic East South Central . . . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific The North. The South. The West. . East of the Mississippi. West of the Mississippi . > Includes small amounts of grains and seeds of secondary importance. 3 i^ess than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Crops without acreage reports. ' < Includes small amounts of minor crops of secondary importance. PERCENTAGE OF IMPROVED FARM ACREAGE IN INDIVIDUAL CROPS, BY DIVISIONS AND SECTIONS; 1909. Table 7 DIVISION OR SECTION. Im- proved farm land. Crops with acre- age re- ports. All cere- als.! OTHER GRAINS AND SEEDS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. Hay and forage. Tobacco. Cotton. SUGAR CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. SUNDRY MINOR CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VEGETABLES. Small fruits. 3 o H Dry edible beans. Dry peas. Peanuts. Flaxseed. Total. Sugar beets. ! Sorghum cane. | Sugar cane. O Eh Broom com. ! Total. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes and yams. All other. United States. 100.0 65.1 40.0 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 15.1 0.3 6.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 100.0 64.2 6.5 0.2 0.2 (3) (<) 52.3 0.3 0) (4) 0) (<) 4.6 3.2 (4) 1.4 0.2 100.0 59. 1 25.3 0.4 0.4 b) 0) 29.1 0.2 u W (4) (3) 3 3.8 2.5 0. 1 1. 2 0.2 100.0 67.2 47.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 w 16.6 0.2 0.2 0. 1 0. 1 3 1.8 1.2 (4) 0. 6 0.1 West North Central 100.0 69.8 51.0 1.3 (*) (‘) bi 1.2 16.7 (3) 0.1 0. 1 (3) b) 0.7 0.5 b) 0.2 (3) South Atlantic 100.0 62.5 31.5 2.8 0.1 1.4 1.3 5.9 1.0 18.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 (3) 2.3 0.5 0.6 4 2 0.1 East South Central . 100.0 58.7 30.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 5.7 1.3 18.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 (3) (3) 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 (3) West South Central 100.0 67.4 33.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 5.6 25.8 0.8 b) 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.5 <■') Mountain 100.0 55.7 21.1 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 31.2 1.1 1.0 (3) 0. 1 0.1 1.5 1. 1 (3) 0.5 (3) Pacific 100.0 48.3 26.3 0.8 0.7 0) (^) (3) 19.1 ^) (3) 0.4 0.4 () 0.2 (3) 1.4 0.8 (3) 0.6 0.1 The North 100.0 67.8 46.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 (!) 0.7 18.8 0.1 (3) 0.1 (^) (4) (3) (3) 1.5 1.0 (4) 0.5 0. 1 The South 100.0 63.3 32.1 1.3 (!) 0.7 0.6 (3) 5.7 0.7 242 0.5 (3) 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0. 1 The West 100.0 51.4 24.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 ( 3 ) 0.1 24.2 (3) (3) 0.7 0.7 (3) (3) 0.1 (3) 1.4 0.9 (3) 0.5 0.1 East of Mississippi.. 100.0 63.2 36.3 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 (3) 14.9 0.6 7.8 0.2 (3) 0.1 0. 1 (3) (3) 2.2 4 1 0.2 0.9 0. 1 West of Mississippi. 100.0 66.6 43.1 1.0 0.1 0. 1 ( 3 ) 0.8 15.3 (3) 5.8 0.3 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.3 (3) 1 For corresponding percentages for important individual cereals see Tables 22 for corn, 24 for wheat, and 26 for oats. 2 Includes small amounts for grains and seeds not shown separately. * Includes small amounts for hops, hemp, and other minor crops not shown separately. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 368 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE Vegetables, including potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, are of considerable importance in every geo- graphic division, but particularly in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions. Fruits and nuts con- tributed 21 .4 per cent of the total value of crops in the Pacific division in 1909, and in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions these croj)s were also rela- tively ini])ortant, as were likewise flowers and ])lants, nursery products, and forest })roducts. Tobacco contril)utes a consitlerable proj)ortion of the value of crops in the New England, South Atlantic, and East South Central divisions; and the sugar crops are of considerable im])ortance in the West South Central division. Most of the other crops are of little relative sigiiificance in any division of the country. The relative importance of the leading crops in each division and section from the standpoint of acreage is indicated by Table 7. The distribution of acreage among the several crops in general conforms more or less closely to the dis- tribution of the total value, so that little additional comment is necessary. In most of the geogra{)hic divisions the cereals, hay and forage, and cotton together occuj)y nine-tenths or more of the total acreage of crops with acreage reports. No other crop or group of crops approaches these in importance as judged by acreage, in any divi- sion. Table 8 shows for individual states, by percent- ages, the relative importance of the principal crops from the standpoint of value and acreage. Table 8 PER CENT OF TOTAL VALUE OF CROPS (1909) REPRESENTED BY— PER CENT OF IMPROVED FARM LAND (1909) IN— STATE, \'alue of all crops. I j Crops with acre- 1 age reports. Cereals. Hay and forage. . Cotton (including 1 cottonseed). Tobacco. All vegetables. | Fruits and nuts. Forest products. | All other crops. : Improved farm land. Crops with acre- age reports. Cereals. Hay and forage. Cotton. Tobacco. All vegetables. .\11 othercrops with acreage reports. Total. j Corn. Oats. rt o Total. Corn. Oats. Wheat. United States 100.0 92.5 48.6 26.2 7.6 12.0 15.0 15.0 1.9 7.6 4.0 3.6 4.2 100.0 65.1 40.0 20.6 7.3 9.3 15.1 6.7 0.3 1.5 1.5 New ENGL.AND: 100.0 80.0 7.9 1.1 5.8 0.2 38.4 (‘) 31.5 6.2 14.2 1.8 100.0 67.3 6.8 0.6 5. 1 0.1 53.2 (1) 6.8 n..5 100.0 71.6 5.5 3.9 1.4 (') 40. 1 0.1 14.2 5.3 22.6 3.2 100.0 63.8 3.5 2.1 1.2 fl) 57.0 (1) 2.8 0 4 100.0 79.7 9.7 4.0 4JV 0.1 50.5 0.1 9.5 3.3 13.3 4.7 100.0 73.7 8.2 2.6 4.4 (1) 63.1 0) 2.2 0 2 100.0 84.7 5.1 4.3 0.5 (*) 35.3 3.8 25.6 11.8 8.4 10.0 100.0 56.2 4.7 3.6 0.7 (1) 44.6 0.5 5.3 u 100.0 86.6 9.6 8.5 0.7 0) 33.3 (') 26.5 0.4 7.9 16.3 100.0 47.2 6.8 5.4 1.0 (1) 34.4 5.6 0 5 Connecticut 100.0 85.2 9.1 7.5 0.7 0.1 32.1 19.6 17.1 7.5 8.3 6.2 100.0 54.1 7.5 5.3 1.0 0.1 40.6 1.6 4.1 0.3 Middle Atlantic: 100.0 83.4 20.6 5.5 8.6 3.4 37.0 0.2 17.4 11.9 5.0 8.0 100.0 56.5 17.5 3.5 8.8 1.9 34.0 (') 3.8 1 1 New Jersey 100.0 91.7 24.3 10.5 1.8 3.9 18 9 (') 34.9 10.1 1.9 9.9 100.0 61.8 27.9 14.7 4.0 4.6 22.3 (') 10.1 1.6 100.0 88.7! 1 42.2 16.4 8.6 13.7 27.4 2.4 13.3 G.5 4.8 3.6 100.0 61.8 34.1 10.9 9 0 9.7 24.4 0.3 2.8 0.1 East North Central: 1 100.0 93.5' 59.9 35.7 10.1 13.5 18.4 3.9 9.1 3.4 2.5 2.9 100.0 59.5 39.8 20.4 9.3 9,5 17.2 0.6 1.8 0.2 100.0 94.7 74.4 48.2 9.3 16.5 12.2 1.1 2.3 •> 7 1.8 100.0 66.9 51.7 28.9 9.9 12.3 13.6 0.1 1.3 0.2 100.0 97.4 79.9 53.3 16.0 10.2 10.9 (i) 4.4 1.5 0.9 2.4 100.0 72.3 59.0 35.8 14.9 7.8 11.9 (') 1.0 0.4 100. 0 87.6 43.5 18.3 11.4 10.2 22.2 (i) 10.0 7.8 4.9 11.5 100.0 63.9 34.4 12.4 11.1 6.3 21.2 0) 3.6 4.8 100.0 49.3 17.3 19.3 1.7 27.5 2.6 8.4 2.0 6.4 3.7 100. 0 71.8 41.6 12.2 18.2 1.2 25.9 0.3 3.0 1.0 West North Central: 90. 9| 1 100.0 96.1 72. 8 15.8 17.6 29.0 13.8 (1) 5.7 0.7 2.7 4.3 lOO.C 51.6 10.2 15.2 16.7 20.1 0) 1.4 1.9 100.0 96.8 73.2 53.3 15.6 2.4 18.9 (1) 3.8 1.8 1.2 1.2 100.0 69.1 51.0 31.3 15.8 1.8 17.1 0) 0.9 0. 1 Missouri 100.0 92.6 67.1. 48.6 4.6 13.6 15.3 l.S 0.3 6.0 4.0 3.8 1. 6 100.0 58.3 41.7 28.9 4.4 8.2 14.8 0.4 G 1.0 0.5 100.0 99.8 82.6 1.3 13.3 60.4 6.8 (1) 1.7 (1) 0.1 8.7 100.0 77.7 58.1 0.9 10.5 40.0 14.0 0) 0.3 5.2 100.0 99.1 78. 8, 21 0 12.8 34.2 12.1 (1) 2.4 0.2 0.2 6.2 100.0 77.2 51.8 12.9 9.8 20.3 21.7 0.4 3.3 100.0 98.3 78.3' 45.0 9.9 22.5 16. 2 (1) 3.0 1.1 0.4 0.9 100.0 70.7 51.4 29.8 9.7 10.9 18.5 0.6 0.1 Kansas 100.0 98.4 78.7, 37.6 4.5 34.5 14.9 (‘) (b 3.2 0.7 0.6 1.8 100.0 66.5 52.3 27.1 3.1 20.0 13.2 (‘) (') 0.4 0.6 South Atlantic: 1 100. c 93.1 51.4 31.8 0.6 18.6 12.9 20.1 9.8 3.8 2.0 100.0 61.5 43.3 26.5 0.6 15.6 11.3 5.3 1.5 Maryland 100.0 90.4 49.9 25.1 1.3 22.5 13.7 (‘) 3.3 18.2 6. 4 5.3 3.2 100.0 57.6 39.6 19.3 1.5 17.6 11.9 (') 0.8 4.6 0.7 District of Columbia 100.0 99.2 1.8 1.8 (1) 4.7 36.8 1.1 (1) 55.6 100.0 58.1 8.8 8.3 0.3 18.7 25.6 4.9 Virginia 100.0 86.0 39.8 28.7 1.6 8.7 10.2 0.8 12.1 17.2 4.4 10. 1 5.4 100.0 43.1 28.8 18.8 2.1 7.0 7.8 6.3 1.9 2.6 1.8 West Virginia. 100.0 82.0 39.6 29. 5 2.3 6.7 18.6 (') 4.8 17.3 8.3 9.9 1.6 100. 0 33.9 18.8 12.2 1.9 3.8 12.8 (>) 0.3 1.6 0.4 Nortli Carolina 100.0 89.5 26.5 21.9 1.2 3.1 3.3 35.3 9.7 8.8 3.1 8.0 5.2 100.0 65.1 36.9 27.9 2.6 5.7 4.3 14.5 2.5 2.4 4.6 South Carolina 100.0 96.0 17.9 14.6 2.7 0.3 2.2 67.9 1.5 4.9 0.9 3.2 1.5 100.0 84.5 32.1 25.7 5.3 0.7 3.4 41.9 0.5 1.8 4.8 Georgia 100.0 94.6 18.7 16.4 1.9 0.4 1.8 66.2 0.1 4.7 1.4 3.9 3.1 100.0 78.6 31.8 27.5 3.3 0.8 2.1 39.7 (') 1.5 3.5 Florida 100. c 72.9 17.1 15.8 1.2 (‘) 2.3 15.2 2.8 23.2 21.3 6.6 11.4 100.0 67.7 36.0 33.6 2.4 (') 3.0 14.6 0.2 4.9 9.0 East South Central: Kentucky 100.0 90.6 43.7 36.3 0.9 6.3 7.4 0.2 28.7 8.5 3.6 5.6 2.2 100.0 42.1 30.1 23.9 1.2 4.7 6.7 0.1 3.3 1.3 0.7 Tennessee 100. c 89.9 45.8 38.0 2.0 5.7 10.5 17.1 4.7 8.6 3.7 7.1 2.5 100. 0 58.4 38.0 28.9 3.1 5.7 9.7 7.2 0.8 1.5 1.2 Alabama 100. c 94.2 21.4 19.9 1.5 0.1 2.3 60.3 (') 6.8 1.5 4.4 3.2 100.0 74.3 29.3 26.5 2.7 0.1 2.5 38.5 1.6 2.5 Mississippi 100.0 94.4 18.2 17.7 0.6 (') 2.3 65.4 {‘) 6.4 1.1 4.5 2.0 100.0 68.4 25.2 24.1 1.1 (') 2.5 37.7 0) 1.4 1.5 West South Central: Arkansas 100. c 91.6 26.2 23.4 1.4 0.4 4.1 52.9 (‘) 6.4 3.1 5.8 1.5 100.0 66. 6 31.8 28.2 2.4 0.7 5.4 26.7 1.4 1.4 Louisiana 100. c 94.4 32.0 21.3 0.3 (') 3.1 *6.2 0.1 8.1 1.6 4.6 24.2 100.0 68.0 36.7 30.2 0.6 (■) 3.4 18.1 2.2 7.5 Oklahoma 100. c 97.8 53.8 36. 0 5.4 10.4 7.2 30.9 {‘) 3.2 1.0 1.2 2.8 100.0 67.9 47.0 33.7 3.5 6.7 7.7 11.3 0.5 1.5 Texas 100. c 96.4 22.5 17.0 1.2 1.0 4.3 63.3 (') 4.1 0.8 3.0 2.1 100.0 67.2 24. 5 18.8 1.0 1.2 4.8 30.3 0) 0.7 0.8 Mountain: Montana lOO.C 95.8 41.2 0 6 20.7 17.9 41.5 (1) 7.5 2.3 1.8 100.0 50. 8 17.5 0.3 9.2 7.1 31.2 (') 0.8 1.3 100.0 93.2 46. 6 0 (5 14.7 24.5 35.2 (') 7.5 3.2 3.7 3.7 100. 0 59. 0 30. 5 0.3 10.9 14.4 26.4 1.4 0.7 100. 0 97 7 27.4 1 0 18.2 6.4 00 (> 8. 5 0.5 ] .0 1.9 100.0 02. 6 14.9 0.7 9.9 3.3 46. 6 0.9 0.2 100.0 89.8 29.0 5.2 8.2 12.7 33 9 (1) 11.9 10.0 0.6 14.6 100.0 60.8 24.6 7.6 6.4 7.9 29.9 2.7 3.6 New Mexico 100.0 90.5 20.7 11. n 5.1 5.7 50. 1 0.2 (') 9.2 6. 1 2.S 4.9 100.0 43.1 14.9 5.9 2.3 2.2 25. 1 0.1 (b 1.0 2.1 Arizona 100.0 90. 2 28.6 5. 3 2.4 7.5 46. 4 (■) (') 9.2 6.3 O.H 8.0 100. 0 54. 5 21.5 4. 5 1.7 5.7 29.3 (‘) {■) 1.6 2.2 Utah 100. 0 94. 6 33.0 0.7 0.0 20. 4 40. 2 (') 8.6 4.8 (■) 13. 4 1(H). 0 5.5.2 21.8 0.5 5.9 13.0 29.6 1.6 2.2 100. 0 97.6 15.0 0 4 3.2 6.7 70.7 11.2 1.7 0.7 0.1 KM). 0 52.2 4.6 0. 1 1.0 1.9 40. fl 0.9 (') Pacific: Washington 100.0 89.7 50.7 0 r> 7.4 44. 5 21.7 (1) 7.6 6.7 4.8 0 100.0 53. 8 40.7 0. 4 4.2 33. 2 11.6 1.3 0.2 100 0 86 2 .30. 4 0 6 10.3 22. 1 31.0 (1) 9. 3 8. 3 5.9 9.0 100.0 53.4 29. 1 0.4 7.9 17.9 22. 0 1.6 0.7 California 100. 0 65. 6 18.3 0.7 1.7 4. 1 27.6 {■) (b 7.9 33.1 1.9 11.2 100.0 43. 2 17.3 0.5 1.7 4.2 22.2 (') (') 1 3 2.4 ‘ Less than ono-tentli of 1 iier cent. Relative importance of the divisions and sections in the production of leading crops: 1909. — Table 9 shows, for 1909, by percentages, the distribution of the total acreage of each of the im])ortant crops for which acreage was re])Oi’ted among the divisions and sect ions of tlic country. For comjiarison, the distribution of FARM CROPS, the iinjn’oved fiirm land and of the total acreaf^e of cro]>s with acrcaf^e repovls is also shown. In this table the combined cereals are treated as a unit; the corresponding^ distribution of the individual cereals among the divisions and sections is shown in Table 19. Several of the most im])ortant crops, including the cereals as a grouj), hay and forage, potatoes, miscel- laneous vegetables, small fruits, dowers and plants, and nursery })roducts, are very widely distributed over the country. BY STATES. 309 The distribution of the cereal acreage corresponds more closely to the distribution of the total acreage of imj)roved farm land than does that of any other class of crops, l)ut the East and West North Central divi- sions report somewhat larger percentages of the cereal acreage than of the improved farm land. Few of the remaining crops arc very widely distributed. Several crops — cotton, sugar cane, sweet potatoes and yams, and peanuts — are largely concentrated in the southern divisions. Table 9 PER CENT OF TOTAL ACREAGE: 1909 DrV'ISION OR SECTION . Improved farm land. Crops with acreage reports. All cereals. Other grains and seeds with acreage reports. Hay and forage. Tobacco. Cotton. Sugar crops with acreage reports. Sundry minor crop.s with acre- age reports. Vegetables. Small fruits. Flowers and plants. Nursery products. Dry edible beans. Dry peas. Peanuts. Flaxseed. Total. Sugar beets. Sorghum cane. Sugar cane. Broom com. d a w Hops. Total. Potatoes. Sweet potatoes and yams. Other vegeta- bles. trnlted States 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.5 1.5 0.2 2. 1 0.1 (9 5.3 1.7 (1) (1) (1) (0 0.2 4.7 6.4 (9 3.7 5.1 12.5 3.3 6.1 5.6 3.9 14,6 0.3 (^) (9 11.8 3.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0) 26.9 15.7 19.9 3^7 12.9 20.3 35.3 17.0 18.6 19.2 22.1 52.6 17.4 d ) 0.5 20.4 13.3 10.5 27.5 7.8 12.0 4.5 0. 1 23.2 30. 1 2.1 18.8 20.9 21.1 17. 1 34.3 36.8 43.7 1. 1 2.1 (‘) 97.4 37,9 0.4 0.3 6.7 3.7 16.4 14.4 0.2 (1) 16.5 21.4 2.4 13.4 13.1 6.5 20.6 South Atlantic 10.1 9.7 8.0 3.2 51.2 72.9 4.0 37.6 28.1 9.4 (9 14.1 12.0 0.1 (9 (9 16.0 6.5 46.1 21.6 16.7 8.1 12.4 East South Central 9.2 8.3 7.1 2.3 15.6 15.4 (9 3.4 43.3 24.7 1.5.8 0.1 34.0 10.9 0.6 89.6 (9 8.9 3.3 25.1 12.5 7.0 3.5 10.1 12.2 12.6 10.2 0.4 10.6 11.6 0.1 4.5 C.l 46.9 37.6 0.2 26.0 77.0 69.4 0.5 7.3 3.2 19.7 9.9 7.1 3.4 7.1 3.3 2.8 1.8 3.8 2.2 2.0 6.9 (9 (1) 13.4 45.5 1.5 (9 3. 1 1.0 3.5 4.6 0. 1 2.7 2.5 1.3 2.1 Pacific 4.6 3.4 3.0 19.8 0.5 (9 5.8 (9 (9 6.4 22.5 0.2 0.4 3.9 72.9 4.3 4.6 0.8 4. 6 7.5 8.1 ie.3 60.6 63.1 70.0 70.4 19.9 0.1 97.9 75.4 18.9 0.3 17.3 31.6 24.3 26.4 4.9 27.0 60, 1 77.7 8.2 48.7 59.3 75.5 58.0 The South 31.5 30.6 25.3 6.0 77.4 99.9 0.1 11.9 81.1 99.7 62.8 0.4 74.1 100.0 70.1 90.2 0.1 32.2 13.0 90.9 44.0 30.8 15.1 29.6 The West 7.9 6.3 4.8 23.6 2.7 (‘) 2.0 12.7 (9 (9 19.9 68.0 1.7 (9 3.5 4.9 72.9 7.7 9.3 0.9 7.3 9.9 9.4 12.5 East of the Mississippi 45.6 44.3 41.3 74.8 84.5 88.3 0.5 44.9 99.4 52.8 35.8 28.1 56.0 22.9 12.6 94.3 27.1 68.4 66.2 77.0 69.4 69.9 80.7 59.8 West of the Mississippi 54.4 55.7 58.7 25.2 15.5 11.7 99.5 55.1 0.6 47.2 64.2 71.9 44.0 77.1 87.4 5.7 72.9 31.6 33.8 23.0 30.6 30.1 19.3 40.2 * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The distribution among the geographic divisions and sections of the value of those crops of any impor- tance for which there were no reports of acreage is shown in Table 10. For comparison, the distribution of the value of all crops and of the value of crops with acreage reports is shown. Table lO PER CENT OF TOTAL VALUE: 1909 DIVISION OR SECTION. All crops. Crops with acreage 1 reports. | Crops with no acreage reports. Total. Seeds. Maple sugar and sirup. Orchard fraits. Grapes. Tropical fmits. Nuts. Forest products. TTnited States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 2.6 2.3 6. 5 0.3 27.2 5.2 0.5 (9 0.5 9.0 Middle Atlantic 7. 6 7.1 13.8 2.3 33.1 20.3 22.5 (9 3.9 9.8 East North Central 20.4 20.7 16.7 40.4 36.8 17.3 14.2 (') 1.7 16.5 West North Central 26.4 27.7 10.3 36.5 0.9 10.5 5.3 (9 2.2 10.2 South Atlantic 13.5 13.3 16.7 1.3 1.8 11.2 4.1 29.3 4.7 22.5 East South Central 10.0 10.0 10.1 3.9 0.2 7.9 1.6 0.8 3.6 1.5.0 West South Central 11.5 11.8 6.8 1.6 (9 3.8 1.4 1.8 16.3 10.8 Mountain 3.0 3.0 2.8 6.4 (9 5.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.3 Pacific 5.1 4.2 16.4 7.4 (9 18.4 49.9 67.8 66.9 4.9 The North 56.9 57.7 47.2 79.4 98.0 53.3 42.4 (9 8.3 4.5.5 The South 35.0 35.1 33.6 6.8 2.0 22.8 7.1 31.9 24.6 48.3 The West 8.1 7.2 19.2 13.8 19 23.9 50.5 68.1 67.1 6.2 East of the Mississippi 54.1 53.3 63.8 48.2 99.0 61.9 42.9 30.1 14.4 72.8 West of the Mississippi . . . 45.9 46.7 36.2 51.8 1.0 38.1 57.1 69.9 85.6 27.2 1 liCss than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The geographic distribution of the value of crops with no acreage reports is veiy different from that of crops vdth acreage reports. Whereas the Pacific di^■i- 72407°— 13 24 sion reported only 4.2 per cent of the value of crops ivith acreage reports and 4.6 per cent of the improved farm land, that division reported 16.4 per cent of the value of crops with no acreage reports. This is largely due to the concentration of the production of fruits and nuts on the Pacific coast. The West North Central division reported 27.7 per cent of the value for the crops with acreage reports, but only 10.3 per cent for the crops with no acreage reports. Acreage and value of all crops, by states : 1909 and 1899. — Table 11 presents by states, for 1909 and 1899, the acreage and value of all crojis \vith acreage re- ports and the value of all crops, including those with- out acreage reports. The map on page 371 shows the distribution of the value of all farm crops among the states. It will be seen that, as judged by the total value of all crops, Illinois was in 1909 the leading agricul- tural state, followed by Iowa, Texas, Ohio, Georgia, Missouri, Kansas, New York, and Indiana, each reporting more than .8200,000,000. The first four states named occupied the same rank in 1899, but Georgia ranked only fifteenth among the states in that year. With respect to the progress made Dy these leading states from 1899 to 1909, it may be noted that only in Georgia and Kansas did the rate of increase for the total value of all crops exceed that for the United 370 ABSTRACT OF ITIE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE States as a whole. Moreover, these two states, together witli Texas, are the only ones in the group which report any considerable extension of the acreage of crops with acreage reports. In Indiana the acreage of such crops was 1.8 per cent higher than in 1899, but Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio, and New York all report a decrease in acreage. During the period 1899 to 1909 the most conspicu- ous relative advances m the value of all crops took place in the states of Idaho, Washington, North Dakota, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and Colorado, in each of which the crops of 1909 were more than three times as valuable as those of 1899. Except in North Dakota and Oklahoma, these high rates of increase represent comparatively small absolute increases. The greatest absolute increase in the value of all crops occurred in Illinois, where it amounted to $157,000,000. Other states in which the absolute increase exceeded $100,000,000 were Georgia, Texas, North Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. During the decade there was an increase of over 1,000,000 acres in land devoted to crops in each of the following states: North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Washington, Geor- gia, and Colorado. New Mexico reported the liighest percentage of gain, 222.8, followed by North Dakota, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Washington, and Idaho. In Iowa and California the loss in acreage reported was over one and one-half million, and in New York and Pennsylvania it exceeded half a million. Besides these four states fourteen others had less land in crops in 1909 than in 1899, the relative decrease being greatest in California, followed by New Hampshire, Connecti- cut, and Massachusetts. ALL FARM CROPS— ACREAGE AND VALUE, BY STATES; 1909 AND 1899. Table 11 ACREAGE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF CROPS WITH ACREAGE REPORTS. VALUE OF ALL CROPS. STATE. Increase.' Increase.' Increase.' n)09 18!>9 Amount. Per cent. 1!K)9 1899 Amount. Per cent. 1!H>9 1899 Amount. Per cent. New ENGL.tND; Maine 1,588,065 1,543,277 44, 788 2.9 $31,440, 942 $18,432,041 .$13,008,901 70.6 $39,317,647 $21,954,054 $17,363,593 79.1 New Hampshire. . ,593,093 688, 107 -95,014 -13.8 11,441,698 9, 153,332 2,288,366 25.0 15,976,175 12,272,232 3, 703, 943 30.2 Vermont 1,203,795 1,203,513 282 (2) 21,877,448 14,99.3,548 6, 883, 900 45.9 27,446,836 18,170,279 9,276,557 51.1 Massachusetts 654,844 735, 134 —80, 290 -10.9 27, 062, 235 19,893,681 7,168, 554 36. 0 31,948,095 23, 157,544 8,790,551 38.0 Rhode Isiand 84,207 92, 415 -8,208 -8.9 3, 410, 442 2,679,676 730, 766 27.3 3,937,077 3,040,321 896, 756 29.5 Connecticut 534, 846 603,357 -68,511 -11.4 19, 166,472 14,227,786 4,938,686 34.7 22, 487, 999 16,025,589 5,862,410 35.3 Middle AxL.iNTic: New York 8,387,731 9,041,199 — 653, 4(j8 -7.2 174,475,689 127,872,299 46,693,-390 36.4 209, 168,236 149,918,353 59,249,883 39.5 New Jersey 1,114,903 1,212,772 -97, 869 -8.1 37,003,915 24,61.5,8.56 12,388,059 50.3 40,340,491 27,916,841 12,423,650 44.5 Pennsylvania 7,826,562 S, 365, 175 -538, 913 -6.4 147,955,288 111,233,656 36,721,632 33.0 166,739,898 126,994, 141 39, 745, 757 31.3 E. Noeth Central: Ohio 11,431,610 11,614,165 -182,555 -1.6 215,250,975 141,943,986 73,306,989 51.6 2.30,337,981 156,852,358 73,485,623 46.9 Indiana 11,. 331, 395 11,134,726 196, 669 1.8 193,395,392 111,736,411 81,658,981 73.1 204,209,812 122,502,274 81,707,538 66.7 Illinois 20,273,916 20,519,034 -245,118 -1.2 362, 464, 951 207,355,825 155, 109, 126 74.8 372,270,470 214,832,706 157, 437, 764 73.3 Michiean 8, 198,-578 7, 741,175 457, 403 5.9 141,976,000 80,455, 649 61,-520,351 76.5 162,004,681 148, 359,216 92,625,715 69, 378, 966 74.9 Wisconsin 8,555,080 8,214,711 340,369 4.1 134, 901,875 81,263,632 53,638,213 66.0 88, 142,349 60,216,867 68.3 W'. North Central; Minnesota 14,731,464 15,119,-570 -388, 106 -2.6 185, 832, 198 112,420,7.30 73,411,468 65.3 193,451,474 115,694,937 77,756,537 67.2 Iowa 20,374,925 21,985,377 -1,610,452 -7.3 304,491,033 189,013,039 115,477,994 61. 1 314,666,298 195,552,547 119,113,751 60.9 Missouri 14,33.5,588 14,351,177 -15,589 -0.1 204,286,256 113,239,900 91,046,356 80.4 220, 663, 724 121,455,020 99,208,698 81.7 North Dakota 15, 888, 756 7,821,705 8,067,051 103.1 180,279,872 53,911,419 44,002,846 126,368,453 234.4 180,635,520 54,040,817 126, 594, 703 234.3 South Dakota 12,226,772 8,843,905 3,382,867 38.3 124,400,789 80,397,943 182.7 125,507,249 44f 175,615 81,331,634 184.1 Nebraska 17,231,205 1.5,044, 428 2, 186, 777 14.5 192, 741, 710 91,139,0.37 101,602,673 111.5 196, 125,632 92,469,326 103,656,306 112.1 Kansas 19, 900, 750 18,077,048 1,823,702 10.1 211,485,723 110,290,785 101,194,938 91.7 214,859,597 113,522,693 101,336,904 89.3 South Atlantic: Delaware 438, 522 437, 168 1,354 0.3 8, 489,539 5,713,085 2, 776, 454 48.6 9, 121,809 6,275,360 2,846,449 45.4 Maryland 1,931,972 1,940,093 -8,121 -0.4 39,690, 648 27,655,785 12,034,863 43.5 43,920,149 30,216,969 13, 703, 180 45. 4 Dist. of Columbia. 2,982 3,396 -414 -12.2 541,996 667, 834 -125,838 -18.8 546, 479 669,209 -122,730 -18.3 Virginia 4,256,226 4,345,537 -89,311 -2. 1 86,434,239 52, 100, 60S 34,333,631 65. 9 100,-531,157 58,701,742 41,829,415 71.3 West Virginia 1, S74, 382 1,992,403 -118,021 -5.9 33, 120,053 20,805, 107 12,314,946 59.2 40,374,776 2.5,690, 189 14,678,587 57.1 North Carolina 5,737,037 .5,609,144 127, 893 2.3 127,822,068 62,22.5, 162 6.5, 596,906 105. 4 142, 890, 192 68,624,912 74,265,280 108.2 South Carolina 5, 152, 845 4, 722, 151 430, 694 9.1 136,313,422 56,613,543 79,699,879 140.8 141,983,354 58,890,413 83,092, 941 141.1 Georgia 9,662,383 1,223,078 8,267,290 1,019,968 1,395,093 203, 110 16.9 214,463,237 26,350,280 82,450,615 11,643, 066 132,012,622 14,707,214 160. 1 226,595,436 36,141,894 86,345,34.3 140,250,093 162.4 Florida 19.9 126. 3 13,498,580 22,643,314 167.8 E. South Central: 76.0 Kentucky 6,046,819 6,349,926 -303, 107 -4.8 125,880,988 72,505,538 53,375,4,50 73.6 138, 973, 107 78,962,845 60,010,262 Teimesse'e 6,365,143 6,680,-504 -315,361 -4.7 108,517,5.37 63,943,9.34 44,573,603 69. 7 120, 706,211 144, 287, 347 70, 745,242 49, 9, lO, 969 70.6 Alabama 7, 205,2.39 6, 714, 786 490, 453 7.3 1,35, 942,678 70, 119, 129 65,823,549 93. 9 73, 190, 720 71,096,627 97.1 Mississippi 6, 158, 719 5,570,380 588,339 10.6 139, 126, 139 81,358,341 57,767,798 71.0 147,315,021 84,883,776 62,431,845 73.5 W. South Central: Arkansas 5,376, 484 5, 017, 894 358,590 7. 1 109,3^,380 55,431,909 53,900,471 97.2 119,419,025 59,272,212 60,146,813 101.5 Louisiana 3,586,348 3, 408, 944 a 6,317,711 177, 404 5. 2 73,002,698 00,959,969 12, 042, 729 19.8 77,336, 143 133,4,54,405 62,6.54,543 14,681,600 23.4 Oklahoma IL 921, 670 5,603,959 88.7 130,502, 155 3 42,773,258 87, 728, 897 205. 1 3 43,759,824 89,694,581 205.0 Texas 18,389,092 15,112,549 3,276,543 21.7 287,295,880 161,842,268 12.5, 453,612 77.5 298, 133, 466 166,964,711 131,168,755 78.6 Mountain: Montana 1,848,113 1,146,093 702,020 61.3 28, 459, 747 10,449, 769 18,009,978 172.4 29,714,563 10,692,515 19,022,048 177.9 Idaho 1,638,479 918, 124 720,3.55 78.5 32,007,527 8,565,657 23,441,870 273.7 ,34, .357, 851 9,207, 261 25, 090, 590 270.7 Wyoming 786,6.50 435, 021 351,029 80. () 9, 791, 830 3,09,5,472 6, 696, .3.58 216.3 10,(722,961 3, 133, 723 6,889,238 219.8 Colorado 2,614,312 1, .549, 503 1,064,809 68.7 45, 795, 093 16,389,714 29, 40.5, 379 179.4 .50,974,9.58 16, 970, 588 34,004,370 200. 4 New Mexico 632, 769 196, 023 436, 746 222. 8 8,076,8.54 2, 798, 108 5, 278, 746 188.7 8,922,397 3,064,567 5,857,830 191.2 Arizona 190, 982 150, 781 40,201 26.7 4, 9.58, 938 2,249,407 2,709,531 120.5 5, 490, 872 2,472,348 3,024,524 122.3 Utah 7.55,370 392,387 669, 824 326,-526 8.5,546 65,801 12.8 17, 488,271 7,794,365 9, 693, 906 2,934,941 124. 4 18,484,615 5,923,536 8,242,985 10,241,630 124.2 Nevada 20.2 5,780,037 2, 845,096 103. 2 2,887,569 3,035,967 105.1 PAanc: 235. 4 Washington 3,431,273 1,901,381 1,-529,892 80.5 70,770,261 21,487,785 49,282,476 229.4 78,927,053 23,5.32,1,50 55,394,903 Oregon 2,281,288 2, W, 856 253,432 12.5 42,293, 1.57 19,396,848 22, 896, :m) 118. 0 49,040,725 21,806,687 27,234,0:iS 57, 745, 301 124.9 California 4,924,733 6, 434, 4.34 -1,509,701 -23.5 100,409,039 64,583,063 35, 825, 976 55.5 15.3,111,013 95,305,712 60.0 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ^ Cess than one-tenth of 1 per cent. > Includes Indian Territory. 371 FARM CROPS, BY STATJ^:S. Al.Ii FARM CROPS. VALUE, BY STATES: 1909. • •• • ••I • •• <:•••• • ••• !••«!• • S. OAK.* J ••• 0 •• V * *••• — «e***.« • • NEBR. • • ■■T • •••• wKK) • »• (•< • •«•* '^•e* • • KANS.* • ! * MO- • •••••• !••• *••*•«» ~ ~ ® 56,000,000 to $ 8 , 000,000 3 $4,000,000 to $6,000,000 O $2,000,000 to $4,000,000 O Less than $2,000,000 •y j* • • i * OKLA. ® V *•••» A* • A*j* • • ••• ••• * • TEXAS • • • ••••• ••••••••• 'A. • • *9 \ The heavy lines (— ) show geographic divisions. Sale and purchase of crops suitable for feeding animals : 1909. — In the case of some minor crops the entire product, or the larger part of it, is usually retained upon the farm for family consumption; this is notably true of vegetables. Of certain other crops practically the entire quantity, except such as is required for seed, is sold. These crops, which are frequently referred to as money crops, are mainly intended for human consumption, direct or indirect. Cotton, tobacco, sugar cane, hemp, hops, and to a slightly less extent wheat, are examples. Besides crops of these two classes, there are several crops, the most important being corn, oats, barley, and hay and forage, which are used chiefly as feed for animals. A majority of the farmers who raise these crops retain the entire pi'oduct or a considerable proportion of it for their own anhnals; others sell their surplus mainly for consumption by animals in cities, towns, and villages, or by animals on farms where such crops are not raised or are raised only in small quantities. At the census of 1910 the agricultural schedules con- tained inquiries designed to ascertain not only the quantity and value of the leading ."feedable” crops produced, but also the quantity and value of such crops sold and the amounts expended by farmers for the purchase of feed for animals. Table 12 presents statistics of such sales and purchases by geographic divisions and sections, and Table 15 shows them in less detail by states. It is probable that these statistics are somewhat less accurate than those of crop produc- tion, and are on the whole an understatement both of sales and of ])urchases. Tabic la DIVISION OR SECTION. Amount expended for feed: 1909 Receipts from sale of feedable crops: 1909 EXCESS OF RE- CEIPTS FROM SALE OVER AMOUNT EXPENDED.! RECEIPT.S PROM SALE OF SPECIFIED FEEDABLE CROP.S: 1909 Corn. Oats. Barley. Hay and forage. Amount. Per cent. Quantity (bushels). Amount received. Quantity (bushels). Amount received. Quantity (bushels). Amount received. Quantity (tons). Amount received. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central W est North Central South Atlantic East South Central W est South Central Mountain Pacific The North The South The West East of the Mississippi W est of the Mississippi $299, 839, 857 34,013,964 64,690,044 40,611,121 76,207, 557 19,255.280 15,007,073 24,723,140 13,204,509 20,920,663 $509,253,522 4, 340,047 21,584,058 195,003,014 174,405,989 14,677,355 15,084,379 28,940,377 20,830,896 33,120,807 $209,413,665 *30,267,317 *33,111,980 155,051,893 98,198,432 *4,577,925 76, 706 4,217,231 7,626,387 12,200,244 41.1 *696.3 *153.4 79.2 56.3 *31.2 0.5 14.6 36.6 36.8 460,572,574 145,814 4,419,668 197,015,428 190, 410,330 12,815,516 17,406,876 36,880,404 998, 458 480,080 $255,191,944 100,952 3,007,230 107,806,684 100,638,243 9,781,438 11,989,973 20,840,778 651,255 375,391 261,325,372 384, 423 4,551,876 128,053,438 94,511,952 1,588,085 1,503,258 7,389,274 12, 164, 190 11,178,876 $107,242,769 217,879 2,387,688 51,279,242 36,678,888 1,034,972 786, 448 3,434.317 5,927,921 5,495,414 75,297,901 9,656 326, 228 10,858,789 43,056,403 26, 426 22,085 69,829 3,741,566 17,180,919 $41,314,430 8.272 214,002 6. 457, 495 21,221,923 18,993 14.771 42, 158 2, 106, 953 11,229,863 10, 679,399 272,594 1,116,016 2,981,159 2,393,803 281,175 238, 791 527, 184 1,417,308 1,451,369 $105,504,379 4,019,544 15.975.138 30,119,593 15,866,935 3,841,952 2,893,187 4,623,124 12,144,767 16.020.139 206, 128,686 59,580,099 34, 125,072 395,999,708 59,302,111 53,951,703 189,871,022 *283, 988 19,826,631 47.9 *0.5 36.7 391,991,240 67,102,796 1,478,538 211,553,109 42,612,189 1,026,646 227,501,689 10,480,617 23,343,066 90,563,697 5,255,737 11,423,335 54,251,076 118,340 20,928, 485 27, 901,692 75, 922 13,336,816 0,763,572 1,047, 150 2,868,677 65,981,210 11,358,263 28, 164, 906 104,784,082 135,055, 775 251,955,453 257,298,009 87,171,371 122,242,294 34.6 47.5 231,803,302 228,769,272 132,686,277 122,505,667 130,081,080 125,244,292 55,700,229 51,536,540 11,243,184 64,054,717 6,713,533 34,000,897 4,889,735 5,789,664 56,849,414 48,654,905 1 ‘ .4n asterisk (*) indicates an excess of expenditures over receipts from sales. 372 ABSTliAC.T OF Till] CENSUS— AGUICULTURF. 'riic total iimomit i-oj)()rtecl by farmers as received (luring 1909 from (he sale of corn, oats, barley, and hay and forage was 1509,254, 000. The amount re- ported h}^ farmers as expended for feed for live stock was .1299,840,000. The excess of receipts from sale over expenditures for ]>urcliase was 1209,414,000, or 41.1 per cent. This excess should represent in a rougli way the value of crops of this character sold h}^ farmers for consumption by anhnals in cities, towns, and villages, for export, or for human consumption in the United States. Marked differences a])pear among the geographic divisions with resi)cct to the relation of sales of feedable crops to purchases. In the East and West North Central divisions there was in 1909 a great excess of sales over purchases, while in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the sales were much less than the purchases, in the South Atlantic division considerably less, and in the East South Central division practically the same. In other words, in the northeastern divisions, and in parts of the South, the farmers do not raise enough feed for their own ani- mals, hut have to supply the deficiency by purchase from other sections of the country. EXPENDITURES FOR LABOR Expenditures for labor: 1909 and 1899. — The sched- ules of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Censuses contamcd inquiries as to the amount ])aid by farmers for hired labor duimg the year preceding the taking of the census. No attempt was made to ascertam the num- ber of persons hired. In many cases farmers hire labor only for a few days or a few weeks during the year and it would be imjmssible to determine the true average number em])loycd for the year; and the actual number employed on any selected date, even if ascer- tahied correctly, might be by no means typical of average conditions throughout the year. The schedule inquiry as to wages distinguished between money pay- The total value of the corn, oats, barley, and hay and forage produced during 1909 was 12,769,715,000, so that the value (.)f such crops sold represents only 18.4 per cent of the total. Of the total quantity of corn produced, less than one-fifth was reported as sold; of oats slightly more than one-fourth; of barley about two-fifths; and of hay and forage only a little more than one-tenth. For further details see Table 13. TaII>le i'i DIVISION OR SECTION. PEP. CENT OF TOTAI, PRODUCTION REPORTED AS SOLD: 1909 Com. Oats. Barley. Hay and forage. XTnited States 18.0 25.9 43.4 11.0 New England 1.8 5.2 2.3 5.8 Middle Atlantic 6.3 7.1 1,5.8 9 9 East North Central 23.3 34.3 40.7 14.6 West North Central 19.1 21.8 43.5 6.6 South Atlantic 7. 1 7. 5 6.5 9.6 East South Central 8.3 12.9 18.4 9.3 West South Central 15.8 27. 1 38.5 15.6 Mountain 13.6 30.0 38.2 16.5 Eacific 21.0 .39.6 49.6 19.9 The North 20.4 25.9 42.3 9.3 The South 10.8 17.4 16.6 11.8 The West 15.4 33.9 47.1 18.0 East of the Mississippi 17.7 28.4 37.8 11.7 West of the Mississipjji 18. 5 23.7 44.6 10.4 ND FERTILIZERS ON FARMS. ment and the value of house rent and board furnished. It is probable that the latter item is, in general, less correctly reported than the former, and that it is in most cases somewhat understated. The two classes of payment are combmed in most of the tables. Table 14 presents statistics regarduig expenditures for labor for each geograpliic division and section. As an aid to interpreting the data, the distribution of the total and of the improved acreage of farm land among the divisions and sections by percentages is also shown. The amounts paid for laboi' in individual states, together with other data, are shown in Table 15. Table 14 DIVISION OR SECTION. AMOUNT EXPENDED FOR LABOR. AMOUNT EXPENDED FOR FERTIUZERS. PER CENT OF UNITED STATES TOTAL. 1909 1899 Increase. i i IlKK) i 1899 Increase.' Amount expended for labor. Amount expended for fertilizers. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. Amount. I’er cent. .'imoimt. Per cent. 1909 1899 liM)9 1899 1910 IIKK) 1910 1900 tfnitod States. . . New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West N orth Central South Atlantic East South Central We.st South Central Mountain I’acific $651,611,287 34,. 500, 407 78,021,579 117,880, 195 1.35,924,234 60,607,245 35,308,883 59,980,7.38 40,939,012 76,448,994 $357,391,930 20,727,080 50,469,890 67, 5,56 , 520 75,764,460 37,086,040 19,575,410 29,871,22,5 20, .372, 255 35,968,144 $294,219,357 13,772,427 27,551,089 50,323,675 00,159,774 29,521,205 15,7.33,407 .30, 109, 513 26,566,757 40,480,850 82.3 «i. 4 54.6 74.5 79.4 79.0 80.4 100.8 1.30. 4 112.5 $114,882,541 9,407,7.59 18,221,474 8,058,881 983,210 .59,625,130 12,901,239 3,225,927 1.59,342 2,299,573 $53,430,910 4,297,705 11,344,290 5,800,520 1,407, 175 22,732,670 5, .3.37, 708 1,374,116 77,116 993,610 $61,451,631 5,110,054 0,877,184 2, 192,. 361 -423,959 30,892,400 7,503,531 1,851,811 82,220 1,305,963 115.0 118.9 00. 0 37.4 -30.1 102.3 141.7 134.8 100. 6 131.4 100.0 5.3 12.0 18. 1 20.9 10.2 5.4 9.2 7.2 11.7 100.0 6.8 14. 1 18.9 21.2 10. 4 5. 5 8.4 5.7 10. 1 100.0 8.2 15.0 7.0 0.9 .51.9 11.2 2.8 0. 1 2.0 100.0 8.0 21.2 11.0 2.0 42.5 10.0 2.0 0. 1 1.9 100.0 2.2 4.9 13.4 20. 5 11.8 9.3 19.2 0.8 5.8 100. 0 2.5 5.3 13.9 24.0 12.4 9.7 21.0 5. 5 5.7 100.0 1.5 6.1 1.8.6 34. 3 10. 1 9.2 12.2 3.3 4.6 100.0 2.0 7.4 20.9 32.7 11.1 9.7 9.6 2.0 4.5 The North 360,326,415 214,518,8.50 1.51,807,505 70.8 36,671,330 22,915,090 13,7,55,640 (10. 0 50. 2 00. 0 31.9 42.9 47.1 45. 0 60. 0 (’.3. 0 The South 1(U,8!«,866 86, .532, 681 75,364,185 87.1 75,752,290 29,444,494 40, .307, 802 157. 3 24.8 24.2 . (15. y 55. 1 40. 3 43. 2 31.5 30. 4 The West 123, 3S8, 006 50,340,399 67,047,607 119.0 2, 4.58, 915 1,070,720 1,388,189 120. 0 18.9 1,5.8 2. 1 2.0 12.6 11.2 7.0 6. 6 East of the Mississippi. . .3,32,318,309 195,415,846 1.30, 902, 403 70. 1 108,214,483 49, ,578, 893 AS, 635, 590 1 18. 3 fil.O 54.7 94.2 92.8 41.7 43.8 45. 0 51. 1 West of the Mississippi. 319,292,978 161,970,084 157,316,894 97.1 0, 008, 0.58 3,852,017 2,810,041 73. 1 40. 0 45. 3 6.8 7.2 58.3 50. 2 54.4 48.0 > .‘V minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. FARM CROPS, Tlio total anioimt reported as expended for farm labor (including the value of rent and board furnished) in the coiintry as a whole in 1909 was 1651,611,000, as coinpared witli 1357,392,000 in 1899 — an increase BY STATES. 373 of 82.3 per cent. This increase is due in part to higher rates of wages, and in part to employment of addi- tional laborers, or employment for longer periods of time. Table 15 AMOUNT EXPENDED BY FARMERS FOR— RECEIPTS FROM SALE AMOUNT EXPENDED BY FARMERS FOR— RECEIPTS [FROM SALE STATE. Labor. Fertilizers. Feed. OF FEED- ABLE CROPS. STATE. Labor. Fertilizers. Feed. OF FEED- ABLE CROPS. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 New England; Maine New Hampshire $5,633,106 3,374,126 $2,667,260 2,304,520 $4,069,479 512,580 $819,680 367,980 $7,267,854 4,614,938 $1,. 567, 463 447,535 South Atlantic— Continued. West Virginia . . $4,035,764 $2,041,560 $528,937 $405,270 $1,938,233 $1,212,228 V'ermont 4,748,003 3,133,14(1 570,752 447,065 4,758,703 966,276 North Carolina . 9,220,564 5,444,9.50 12,262,533 4,479,030 3, 151, 190 2,061,783 Massachusetts .. 12,101,959 7,487,280 1,965,682 1,320,600 10,878, 178 738,987 South Carolina.. 10,770,758 6, 107, 100 15,162,017 4,494,410 1,830,815 1,164,874 Rhode Island . . . 1,761,594 1,032,360 335, 103 264, 140 1,678, 1.83 116,079 Georgia 13,218,113 7,244,520 16,860,149 5,738,520 4,097,043 2,045,033 6,881,619 4,103,420 1,954, 163 1,078,240 5,416, 108 510,307 Florida 5,354,376 1,468,290 3,609,853 753, 120 1,820,356 486,329' Middle .\tlantic: E. S. Central: 41,312,014 11,097,727 27, 102, 130 6,720,030 7,142,265 4,277,604 4,493,050 2,165,320 29,545,703 5,947, 181 10,349,957 2,076,981 Kentucky 12,243,851 8,448,0;')9 6,613,330 4,730,370 1,350,720 1,216,296 908,250 898,070 4,014,098 3,570,551 6,282,120 6,713,697 New Jersey Tennessee rcnnsylva'nia . . . 25,611,838 16,647,730 6,801,605 4,685,920 19,203,160 9, 157, 120 Alabama 7,454,748 4,314,460 7,630,952 2,599,290 4,041,486 1,744,732- E. N. Central: Ohio 25,631,185 17,682,079 36,308,376 19,063,082 19, 195,473 22,330,149 24,781,592 14,502,600 9,685,540 22, 182,550 10.717.220 10.468.610 16,657,820 16,375,670 9.803.610 9.207.220 4, 180,485 2, 189,695 615,594 945,354 127,753 74,653 109,570 671,073 2,695,470 1,553,710 8,445,761 6,893,901 13,915,628 31,396, 130 32,749,631 104,425,194 12,234,203 14,857,856 19,741,965 57,034,312 20,077,983 6,679,840 Mississippi W. S. Central: Arkansas 7,162,225 7,654,571 16,704, 125 9,837,541 25,784,501 10,930, 477 6,701,604 6, 174, 164 3,917,256 3, 171,090 10,692,710 '3,675,520 12,331,905 5,077,340 2,250,450 2,615,230 4,100,905 2,703,271 596,553 2,004,919 29,092 595,363 12,323 20,73T 5,302 61,113 932,098 172,510 1,076,890 3,980,638 4,275,587 3,784, 140 943,830 2,700,067 1,515,043 16,4.30,110 8,295,157 3,942,518 5,275,620 1,238,522 5,010, 168 830,660 492,360 294,320 251, 120 Louisiana 5.682.915 5.672.916 5,041,925 18,582,251 17,148,008 2,003,028 Oklahoma 5; 863, 373 10,800,046 1,741,071 2,122,709 1,508,828 4,592,799 Texas 124, 716 3,940 17, 150 \V. N. Central: Moxwtain: Montana 337, 190 Idaho is; 644; 695 21,740, 149 370,630 13,855 Wyoming 12; 700 23,225 North Dakota . . io;oo3 Colorado” 10; 818, 465 South Dakota . . 12,831,944 5,528,070 11,294 12,940 3,049,255 16,373,129 New Mexico 3,645,423 1,951,110 25,371 2,880 1,527,0.37 1,445,063 15,028,468 20,567,237 7,399,160 10,792,910 31,021 • 153,080 268,360 12,567,838 17,815,252 31,587,632 22,911,128 Arizona 2,504,984 3,169,917 2,993,978 1,152,670 1,837,900 1,386,650 6,080 20,037 8,379 2,921 14,300 541,371 1,445,838 1,336, 199 75; 602 Utah 72?; 409 Nevada 443; 285 1; 136; 968 Delaware 1,612,471 1,075,960 864,577 539,040 337,841 713,022 Pacific: Maryland 8,802, 172 5,715,520 3,387,634 2,618,890 2,445,065 3,240,590 Washington 15,370,931 5,280, 190 87,023 29,165 5,045,297 7,277,118 Dist. Columbia . 238,833 197,420 16,975 22,600 130,077 180 ' Oregon 11,101,864 4,842,834 68,557 27,395 3, 198,363 4,514, 161 Virginia 13,354, 194 7, 790, 720 6,932,455 3,681,790 3,504,660 3,753,316 California 49,976, 199 25,845,120 2,143,993 937,050 12,676,903 21,329,528 > Includes Indian Territory. The distribution of the payments for labor among the geograpliic divisions does not conform very closely to the distribution of the total acreage of farms, or of the improved acreage. In particular, the New Eng- land, Middle Atlantic, Moimtain, and Pacific divi- sions report a larger proportion of the total expendi- tures for labor than of either of the other items men- tioned, while the East and West South Central divisions report a much smaller proportion. These differences are probably due partly to differences in the prevailing rate of wages, but more largely to differences in the method of managing farms. Thus in the South there is less hired labor because of the prevalence of small tenant farms. These differences among the divisions in the extent to which fanners hire labor are further brought out by Table 16, which shows for 1909 the proportion wlxich the farms in each division which reported expendi- tures for labor in 1909 form of the total number of farms and the average expenditure per farm reporting. As a guide to the interpretation of this average, the average size of all farms in each division is shown,, it being impossible to state the average size of the farms which hire labor. Table 16 DIVISION OR SECTION. EXPENDITURES FOR LABOR. EXPENDITURES FOR FERTILIZERS. AVERAGE ACREAGE PER FARM. Per cent farms report- ing form of all farms: 1909 Aver- age per farm re- port- ing: 1909 Average per acre.' Per cent farms report- ing form of all farms: 1909 Aver- age per farm re- port- ing: 1909 Average per acre.i All land in fariTLs. Improved land in farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 I!H)9 1899 1910 1900 1910 1900 Tfnited States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 45.9 66.0 65.8 52.7 51.0 42.2 ,31.6 35.6 46.8 58.0 $223 277 253 199 240 142 107 178 547 694 $0. 74 1.75 1.81 1.00 0.58 0.64 0. 43 0. 35 0.79 1.49 $0.43 1.01 1.13 0.58 0. 38 0.36 0. 24 0. 17 0.44 0.76 $1.36 4. 76 2.66 1.33 0.83 1.37 0.80 1.03 2. 95 3. 47 $0.86 2.55 1.64 0.78 0.56 0.80 0. 49 0. 75 2.42 1.92 28.7 60.9 57.1 19.6 2.1 69.2 33.8 6.4 1.3 6.4 $63 82 68 37 41 77 37 53 67 189 $0. 13 0.48 0.42 0.07 (^) 0.57 0. 16 0.02 (*) 0.04 $0. 06 0. 21 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.22 0.07 0. 01 (“) 0.02 $0.24 1.30 0.62 0.09 0.01 1.23 0.29 0.00 0.01 0. 10 $0. 13 0.53 0.37 0.07 0.01 0. 49 0. 13 0.03 0.01 0.05 138.1 104.4 92.2 105.0 209.6 93.3 78.2 179.3 324.5 270.3 146.2 107. 1 92.4 102.4 189.5 108.4 89.9 23.3.8 457.9 334.8 75.2 38.4 62.6 79.2 148.0 43.0 42.2 61.8 86.8 116.1 72.2 42.4 03.4 70.3 127.9 47.9 44.5 52.7 82.9 132.5 The North 55.1 230 0.89 0.56 1.26 0. 82 21.7 59 0.09 0.06 0.13 0.09 14.3.0 1,33. 2 100.3 90.9 The South 36.6 143 0.46 0.24 1.07 0.69 38.2 64 0.21 0.08 0..50 0.23 114.4 138.2 48.0 48.1 The West 52.5 630 1.11 0.60 3.25 2. 07 3.9 169 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 296.9 386.1 101.7 111.8 East of the Mississippi 46.4 182 0. 91 0.53 1.52 0.92 43.8 63 0.30 0.13 0.50 0.23 9.3.0 99.8 55.4 57.6 West of the Mississippi 4.5.3 291 0.62 0..34 1.23 0.80 4.1 67 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 211.3 229.0 107.4 98.4 > Based on acreage in 1910 of all farms and not of those hiring labor. 2 Less than 1 cent. 374 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. The table fiirtlicr sliows for 1909 and 1899 tlio aver- | a<>:e expenditure for labor per acre of land in farms and ])er acre of improved land in farms, both of these avera Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. This distribution reflects in part the size of the differ- ent divisions and sections of the country, or, rather, the amount of improvetl land in them. Hence for the three leading cereals, corn, oats, and wheat, the largest proportion of the acreage is found in the West North 376 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Central division and the next largest in the East Nortli Central division. In the acreage of barley the proiuinence of the West North Central division is even more clearly inai'ked, but the Pacific division shows a larger proportion of the total than the East North Central. The center of buckwheat production is in the Middle Atlantic division, wliich has more than two-tliirds of the total acreage. In the case of rye the East North Central division leads, followed by the Middle Atlantic and West North Central, which have almost identical pi-oportions. Of the acreage of cereals not shown in the table, 95.5 per cent of that in lice is in the West South Central division; 67.7 per cent of that in kafu’ corn is in the same division; and 91.1 per cent of that in emmer and spelt is in the West North Central division. About three-lifths of the corn acreage and more than three-fourths of that of each of the other cereals men- tioned in the table are in the North. The South has a much larger proportion of the acreage of corn than of that of the other cereals, wliile the West has nearly one-fourth of the acreage of barley. Table 20 gives the acreage of the cereal group as a whole and of the several cereal crops, as reported at each census from 1879 to 1909. The distribution of the acreage of all cereals in 1909 among the states is shown by the map below. The acreage of the cereals increased rapidly during the 20 years preceding 1899, being in that year nearly 45,000,000 greater than in 1889 and 66,000,000 greater than in 1879. In the last decade, however, the in- crease in the acreage of the cereal crops amounted to but little more than 6,000,000. Corn and wheat made their greatest gains in the decade ending with 1899, and since that time the increase in the acreage of corn has been relatively small, while the acreage of wheat has fallen off more than 8,000,000. After an increase of over 12,000,000 in the acreage of oats between 1879 and 1889 this crop made a comparatively slight increase in the following 10 years, but in the decade ending with 1909 gained nearly 6,000,000 acres. Of the minor cereals, barley shows a sidistantial increase in each decade, while the acreage of rye increased about one- sixth between 1879 and 1889, but shows compara- tively little change during the next 20 years, and the acreage of buckwheat has remained practically station- ary during the 30 years covered by the table. The acreage of rice changed but little during the first decade, but practically doubled during each succeed- ing one. At each census corn has occupied more than half of the cereal acreage, while wheat has ranked sec- ond and oats third. Tabic 20 CROP. ACREAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 1909 1899 1889 1879 All cereals 191.395.963 184.982,220 140,378,857 118, 805. 952 Corn 98,382,665 94,913,673 72,087,752 62,368,504 Oats 35,159,441 29,539,698 28,320,677 16, 144,593 Wheat 44,262,592 7,698,706 62,588,574 33,579,514 35,430,333 Barley 4,470, 196 3,220,834 1,997,727 Buckwheat 878,048 807,060 837, 164 848,389 Rye 2,195,561 2,054,292 2,171,604 1,842,233 Rough rice 610, 175 342,214 (') 161,312 0) 174, 173 Emmer and spelt Kafir corn and milo 573, 622 (') maize 1,635,153 266,513 (P (P ' Not reported separately. AL,L CEREALS. ACREAGE, BY STATES; 1909. O 100,000 acres. 300,000 to 400,000 acres. (5 200,000 to 300,000 acres. O 100,000 to 200,000 acres. O Les.s than 100,000 acres. The heavy lines -— ) show fcoRraphie divisions. "T — T- ■ ••••a® 1 'V d9MINN. ••••••• iv®*®*!®* O 9 S. OAK. 9 9^99 (d'v® • •9®999 : ._A* Ii9a®9 ®®®t - w w w W ‘A®®®®®® J ® ® ® ® ® 9 • A »®®NEBR.®®® 1®^®®*9 "n**®®®® -.••••• ® \®® ®« ®99®999®®^ »®® KANS. •9®!® ®®®®9999® ! ~ ®®®99®® • ®® ; ®®® ®®® , :® 9 OKLA. ®9 v.-- ! O 9 9 ® • e ! ARK. '■v..e®» !9®®^ 377 FARM CROPS, ]iY STATJ^:S. ALL CEREALS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES; 190!) AND 1899. [A minas sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 21 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (DUSHELS). 1 VALUE. niVIPION OU STATE. lncre;isc. Increase. Increase loot ) 1899 1909 189!) 1909 1899 Amount. I’ercl. Amount. Pcrct. Amounl. Pcrct. United States... 191,395,963 184,982,220 6, 413, 743 3.5 4.612,564,465 4,438,857,013 73,707,452 1.7 $2, 665,639,714 51,482.603,049 $1,182,936,665 79.8 Geographic divisions: New England 4 G 8, 617 505, 327 -36,710 —7.3 16,972,973 17,447,477 -474,504 -2.7 10, 004, 849 7,722,703 2,942,146 38.1 Middle .Mlantic 7,430,170 8,452, 125 -1,021,955 -12.1 182,950,097 213,777,362 -30,827,205 -14.4 123,246,051 92,0,32,930 31,213,715 33.9 East North Central. 42,305,757 43,553,749 -1,247,992 -2.9 1,382,640, 124 1., 371, 500, 131 11,079,993 0.8 731, 015, ,347 428,806,352 302,208,995 70.5 West North Central 83, 705, 743 75,771,149 7,934,594 10.5 1,9.30,411,197 1,877,640,099 58, 770, 498 3. 1 1,089,912,479 547,296, 135 542,616,344 99.1 South Atlantic 15,282,740 10,904,602 -1,681,922 -9.9 231,040,725 220,394,303 10,646,422 4.8 194,466,951 111,068,436 83,398,515 75.1 East South Central. 13,575,076 15,601,376 -2,025,700 -13.0 237, 760, 717 251,840,755 -14,080,038 -5.6 173,832,911 114,349,649 59,483,262 52.0 West South Central 19,468,212 15,919,053 3,549,159 22.3 309,793,487 320, 732, 734 -16,939,247 -5.2 194,958,491 109,908,922 84,989,509 77.3 Mountain 3,351,674 1,636,980 1,717,694 104.9 88,929, 191 30,715,523 52,213,608 142.2 56, 779,935 16,220,286 40,559,649 250.1 raoifio 5,804,374 6,577,799 -773,425 -11.8 126,059,954 122, 742, 029 3,317,925 2.7 90,662,100 55,137,030 35,524,470 64.4 New England: Maine 159,610 160,896 -7,280 -4.4 5,395,168 5,291,655 103,513 2.0 3, 100,902 2, 138, 203 962,699 45.0 New Hampshire 32,928 42,335 -9, 407 -22.2 1,355,905 1,677,225 -321,260 -19.2 879,631 774, 243 105,388 13.6 Vermont 134,611 160, 127 -25, 516 -15.9 4,351,467 5, 708, 140 -1,356,673 -23.8 2,651,877 2,446,585 205,292 8.4 Massachusetts 65,207 53,385 1,882 3.5 2, 402, 738 1,894,035 508, 703 26.9 1,617, 131 922, 127 695,004 75.4 Rhode Island 12, 112 10,552 1,560 14.8 459,384 350,110 109,274 31.2 376,097 189,657 186,440 98.3 Connecticut 74,083 72,032 2,051 2.8 3,008,251 2,520,312 481,939 19.1 2,039,211 1,251,888 787,323 62.9 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,602,461 3,125,077 -522,616 -16.7 69,239,218 80,413,695 -11, 174,477 -13.9 43,099,988 34,284,705 8,815,283 25.7 New Jersey 503,651 588,853 -85,202 -14.5 14,035,521 15,553, 475 -1,517,954 -9.8 9,797,937 6,938,690 2,859,247 41.2 Pennsylvania 4,324,058 4, 738, 195 -414, 137 -8.7 99,675,358 117,810,192 -18, 134,834 -15.4 70,348,726 50,809,541 19,539, 185 38.5 East North Central: Ohio 7,649,873 8,214,960 -565,087 -6.9 247, 749, 763 245,957,855 1,791,908 0.7 137,907,934 91,748,320 46, 159,614 50.3 Indiana 8, 752, 732 8, 471, 709 281,023 3.3 281,488,700 249,445,647 32,043,053 12.8 151,898,146 81,858,825 70,039,321 85. « Illinois 16,536,457 16,769,010 -232,553 -1.4 580,954,423 600, 107,378 -19, 152,955 -3.2 297,523,098 164,784,437 132,738,661 80.5 Michigan 4,415,629 4, 721, 126 -305, 497 -6.5 121,862,638 105,359,403 16,503,235 15.7 70,544,250 41,819,042 28,725,208 68.7 Wisconsin 4,951,066 5,376,944 -425,878 -7.9 150,584,600 170,689,848 -20, 105,248 -11.8 73,141,919 48,595,728 24,546, 191 50.5 West North Central: Minnesota 10,139,850 11,207,069 -1,067,219 -9.5 259, 148,531 242,853,903 16,294,628 6.7 140,864, 148 85,817,555 55,046,593 64.1 Iowa 15,041,039 16,920,095 -1,879,056 -11. 1 489,803,118 593,978,358 -104, 175,240 -17.5 230,205,315 147,919,076 82,280,239 55.6 Missouri 10,255,476 10,423,745 -168,269 -1.6 246,786,298 252, 772,272 -5,985,974 -2.4 147,980,414 79,574,841 68,405,573 86.0 North Dakota 11,887, 141 5,610,374 6,276,767 111.9 217,246,973 90,430,446 120,816,527 140.2 149, 133, 451 40, 126,051 109,007,400 271.7 South Dakota 8,203,519 6,211,223 1,992,296 32.1 174,903,749 101, 194, 100 73,709,649 72.8 98,953,050 34,506,001 64,446,989 186.8 Nebraska 12,540,049 12,071,703 468,346 3.9 285,078,947 297,865,366 -12,786,419 -4.3 153,666,652 75,730,442 77,936,210 102.9 Kansas 15,638,669 13,326,940 2,311,729 17.3 263,443,581 298,546,254 -35, 102,673 -11.8 169,109,449 83,622, 109 85,487,340 102.2 South Atlantic: Delaware 309,288 318,772 -9,484 -3.0 0,648,544 6,775,575 -127,031 -1.9 4,692,329 3,032,513 1,659,816 54.7 Maryland 1,329,201 1,368,265 -39,064 -2.9 29, 183, 197 30,985,936 -1,802,739 -5.8 21,908,730 14,505,992 7,402,738 51.0 District of Columbia 452 543 -91 -16.8 13, 232 16,300 -3,068 -18.8 9,935 7,039 2,890 41.1 Virginia 2,841,114 3,166,332 -325,218 -10.3 50, 283, 074 49,470,178 812,896 1.6 39,993,929 23, 759, 479 16, 234, 450 68.3 West Virginia 1,038,931 1,307,428 -268,497 -20.5 22,116,677 23, 152,668 -1,035,991 -4.5 15,997,700 11,571,334 4,426,300 38.3 North Carolina 3,250,870 3,794,064 -543, 194 -14.3 41,117,292 42,090,432 -973, 140 -2.3 37,848,797 22,082, 175 15,700,022 71.4 South Carolina 1,955,695 2,251,050 -295,355 -13.1 27,493,754 22, 834, 720 4,659,034 20.4 25,434,539 12, 722, 415 12,712,124 99.9 Georgia 3,906,703 4, 150,886 -244, 183 -5.9 46,536,619 39,372,927 7, 163,692 18.2 42,405,019 20,481,157 21,923,862 107.0 Florida 650,486 607,322 43, 164 7.1 7,048,336 5,695,567 1,952,769 34.3 6, 175,973 2,906,332 3,209,641 112.5 East South Central: Kentucky 4,323,702 5,085,529 -761,827 -15.0 94,836,975 92,422,566 2,414,409 2.6 60,738,651 39,092, 771 21,045,880 53.0 Tennessee 4, 136,647 5,055,328 -918,681 -18.2 79,148,649 82,095,132 -2,946,483 -3.6 55,302,278 36,914,592 18,387,680 49.8 Alabama 2,844,824 3,088,454 -243.630 -7.9 34,072,032 37,610,914 -3,538,882 -9.4 30,927,210 18,424,318 12,502,892 67.9 Mississippi 2,270,503 2,372,065 -101,562 -4.3 29, 709,061 39, 718, 143 -10,009,082 -25.2 26, 864, 772 19,317,968 7,540,804 39.1 West South Central: .^rkansas 2,564,898 2,980,684 -415, 786 -13.9 42,655,839 50,527,455 -7,871,616 -15.6 31,202,922 20,233,270 11,029,652 54.5 Louisiana 1,938,357 1,573,759 364,598 23.2 37,273,196 28,594,874 8,678,322 30.4 24,780,984 14,491,796 10,295,188 71.0 Oklahoma 8,248,653 14, 431,819 3,816,834 86.1 129,816,483 1 100,318,982 29, 497, 501 29.4 71,798,602 128,111.290 43,687,372 155.4 Texas 0,716,304 6,932,791 -216,487 -3. 1 100,047,969 147,291,423 -47,243,454 -32. 1 07, 10!), 923 47, 132, 566 19,977,357 42.4 Mountain: Montana 635,807 254,231 381,576 150.1 21,239,157 7,599,180 13,639,977 179.5 12,251,345 3,267,726 8,983,619 274.9 Idaho 847, 138 369, 788 477,350 129. 1 26,528,174 8,394,800 18,133,374 210. 0 10,020,670 3,212,387 12,814,289 398.9 Wyoming 186,947 50, 528 136, 419 270.0 4,523,310 1,195,775 3,327,535 278.3 2, 744, 502 528, 481 2,210,021 419.3 Colorado 1,057,905 52.5,299 532, 606 101.4 22,322,328 10,501,528 11,820,800 112.6 14,787,519 4, 700, 271 10,087,248 214.0 New Mexico 218,037 96, 402 121,635 120.2 2,975,383 1,053,102 1,322,281 80.0 2,382,990 979,903 1,403,093 143.2 Arizona 75,269 53,958 21,311 39.5 1,878,960 1, 147,262 731,698 63.8 1,570,853 673, 639 897,214 133.2 Utah 298,613 255,699 42,914 16.8 8,296,625 5,381,125 2,915,500 54.2 6,092,281 2, 386, 789 3,705,492 155.3 Nevada 34,958 31,075 3,883 12.5 1,165,254 842, 751 322,503 38.3 923, 763 471,090 452,673 90.1 PAaFic: Washington 2,591,582 1,350,897 1,240,685 91.8 00,610,807 30,430,585 30, 180,222 99.2 44, 762, 138 12, 191,397 32,570,741 207.2 Oregon 1,242,300 1,222,648 19, 652 1.0 26,343,230 23,225,515 3,117,715 13.4 17,860,130 9,271,500 8,588,636 92.6 California 1,970,492 4, 004, 254 -2, 033, 762 -50.8 39, 105,917 69,085,929 -29,980,012 -43.4 28,039,826 33,674,733 -5,634,907 -16.7 > Includes Indian Territory. 378 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Corn. — For ilio United States as a whole the area of com harvested increased from 94,914,000 acres in 1899 to 98,383,000 in 1909, or 3.7 per cent, l)ut the production decreased from 2,660,000,000 liushels to 2,552,000,000 busliels, or 4.3 per cent. The total value of the crop of 1909, however, was $1,439,000,000, as compared with $828,000,000 in 1899, an increase of $610,000,000, or 73.7 per cent. Com in 1909 occupied 20.6 per cent of the improved farm land of the coun- try and contrihuted 26.2 per cent of the total value of crops. The statistics are presented hy divisions and states, in Table 23. Table 22 gives, for the nine geographic divisions and for the five leading [)roducing states, percentages and averages tlerived mainly from Table 23. Table 23 DIVISION OR STATE. acreage: 19(19 AVERAGE YIELD IN BUSHELS PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PER BUSHEL. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 ■United States. . . 100.0 20.6 25.9 28.1 $0.56 $0.31 $14. 62 $8. 73 New England (J.2 2.5 45.2 39.4 0.67 0.61 30.54 20. 04 Middle Atlantic 2.2 7.4 32.2 34.0 0. 65 0.43 21.05 14. 63 East North Central . 22.3 24.6 38.6 38.3 0.51 0.30 19.83 11.51 West North Central . ■ 36.5 21.9 27.7 31.4 0.51 0.26 14.00 8.07 South Atlantic 11. C 23.5 1.5.8 14. 1 0.83 0.47 13. 13 6.60 East South Central . . 11.5 25.8 18.6 18.4 0. 72 0. 43 13.33 7.98 West South Central . 15.2 25.6 15.7 21.9 0.61 0.32 9.59 6.98 Mountain «.5 2.9 15.8 16.5 0.63 0.50 9.89 8.31 Pacific 0.1 0.4 24.0 25.2 0.78 0.47 18.82 11.80 Illinois 10.2 35.8 38.8 38.8 0.51 0.29 19. 74 11.21 Iowa 9.1 31.3 37. 1 39.1 0.49 0.25 18. 16 9.92 Kansas 8.2 27.1 19. 1 27.8 0.52 0.25 9.96 7.03 Nebraska 7.1 29.8 24.8 28.8 0.49 0.24 12. 14 0.99 Missouri 7 2 28.9 26.9 28. 1 0.56 0.29 15.09 8.25 The percentage of the acreage m each geographic divisionhas already been discussed. The leading states in acreage of corn are Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Missouri, in the order named. Each of these states had more than 7,000,000 acres in corn in 1909, their aggregate acreage being nearly 42,000,000, or over two- fifths of the total corn acreage of the United States. The distribution of the corn acreage of 1909 among the states is shown by the map on page 384. In the United States as a whole corn occupies about one-fifth of the improved land in farms, this propor- tion being exceeded in each of the five principal agri- cultural divisions. In the five states mentioned above corn occupies more than one-fourth of the improved land in farms, while in Illinois it occupies more than one- third and in Iowa almost one-third. Table 23 shows that by far the most extensive change in the acreage of corn during the decade from 1899 to 1909 was in the West South Central division, where the area harvested increased 3,731,()0() acres, or 33.4 per cent, almost all of this increase taking place in the single state of Oklahoma. It may be noted also that the gain in this state is equivalent to 98.4 per cent of the entire net increase in the total com acreage of the United States. lAr the Mountain division a very high percentage of increase is recorded, though the acreage is still small. A marked relative decrease is shown for the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, but in neither is the production of corn very important. Among the leading corn states, there were increased acieages in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and decreased acreages in Iowa and Missouri. The average yield for the United States was 25.9 bush- els per acre in 1909 and 28.1 bushels in 1899. Am ong the geographic divisions which have a considerable acreage in corn, the highest yield in 1 909 was in the East North Central division and the lowest in the West South Central division. In the West North Central and West South Central divisions, which contain about one- half of the total corn acreage, the average yield in 1909 was conspicuously lower than in 1899. In the other divisions the average per acre changed but little. Among the principal corn states, Kansas showed a very conspicuous falling off in average yield, and of the five states named in the table, Illinois was the only one in which the yield did not decrease. By reason of these differences in average yield per acre, the changes in the total production of the various divisions and states do not correspond very closely with the changes in acreage. Two divisions with increased acreages report a smaller production in 1909 than in 1899, and two with reduced acreages report a greater production. In each of the five states which lead in acreage both the acreage and the production decreased during the decade, but in Kansas and Nebraska the decrease in production was much more pronounced than that in acreage. The average value of corn per bushel in 1909 was $0.56, as compared with $0.31 in 1899. The divisions from which the highest average values are reported are, with the exception of the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, those having a comparatively small acreage in corn. With the great advance in average value per bushel, there was a corresponding advance in the average value per acre, though by reason of a decreased yield per acre the percentage of increase was not so great. For the crop as a whole, however, the advance in the average value per bushel, desjnte a diminished produc- tion, resulted in an enormous increase in aggregate value, in which every state except Vermont shared. The per capita production of corn in 1909 was 27.7 bushels, as compared with 35.1 bushels in 1899. The decreased production [)er capita, with the accompany- ing increase in price, has resulted in a great falling off in exports. For the year ending June 30, 1900, ex- ports amounted to 213,123,000 bushels, equal to 8 per cent of the crop of 1899, while for the year ending June 30, 1910, they amounted to oidy 38,128,000 bushels, or 1 .5 per cent of the croj) of 1 909. With the exception of the year 1908, this is the smallest proportion of the corn crop exported iu any year since 1870. Of the 1899 crop the amount remaiiiiiig for borne use was 2.453.000. 000 bushels, while of the 1909 crop it was 2.514.000. 000 bushels — the amount retained in 1909 being the greater by 61,000,000 bushels. Thus in 1899, 32.3 bushels per capita remained for home use, and in 1909, 27.3 bushels. 379 FARM CROPS, ]^Y STATES. CORN— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) cienotcs clccrcaso.] Yttble ^3 ACRKAGE. PRODUCTION (HUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. lilOU 1899 Increase. 1!K)9 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. ,'Vmount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Perct. United States 98,382,665 94,913,673 3.468.992 3.7 2.552.189,630 2,666,324.370 -114, 134.740 > -4-3 $1,438,553,919 $828, 192, 388 $610,361,531 73.7 aEOORAFHIC divisions: New England 182,065 198,377 -16,312 -8.2 8,238,394 7.807,920 430, 474 5.5 5,560,074 3,976,367 1,583,707 39.8 Middle Atlantic 2,158,554 2,434,743 -276, 189 -11.3 69,610,602 82,873,430 -13,262,828 -16.0 45, 434, 191 35,612,050 9,822,141 27.6 East N orth Central. . 21,910,191 21,590,260 319,931 1.5 845,298,285 827,065,540 18,232,745 2.2 434,’424,336 248,570,575 185,853,761 74.8 West North Central. 35,945,297 35,529,298 415,999 1.2 996,358,997 1,114,154,560 -117,795,563 -10.6 503,264,949 286,872,473 216,. 392, 476 75.4 South Atlantic 11,386,984 12,024,742 -637,758 -5.3 179,511,702 169,468,960 10,042,742 5.9 149,479,304 79,406,051 70,073,253 88.2 East South Central.. 11,328,268 11,713,504 -385,236 -3.3 210, 154,917 215,124,577 -4,969,660 -2.3 150,975,613 93,440,189 57,535,424 61.6 West South Central. 14,912,067 11,181,133 3,730,934 33.4 233,402,007 245,126,328 -11,724,321 -4.8 143,035,538 78,023,053 65,012,485 83.3 Mountain 463,991 160,211 303,780 189.6 7,326,043 2,647,733 4,678,310 176.7 4,587,706 1,330,780 3,256,926 244.8 Facihc 95,248 81,405 13,843 17.0 2,288,683 2,055,322 233,361 11.4 1,792,208 960,850 831,358 86.5 New England: Maine 15,213 16,856 -1,643 -9.7 648,882 645,040 3,842 0.6 434,834 326,824 108,010 33.0 New Hampshire. . . . 19,814 25,694 -5,880 -22.9 916,263 1,080,720 -164, 457 -15.2 621,306 538,738 82,568 15.3 Vermont 42,887 60,633 -17,746 -29.3 1,715,133 2,322,450 -607,317 -26.2 1,102,222 1,180,505 -78,283 -6.6 Massachusetts 41,755 39,131 2,624 6.7 2,029,381 1,539,980 489,401 31.8 1,372,144 771,277 600,867 77.9 Rhode Island 9,679 ^ 8,149 1,530 18.8 398, 193 288,220 109,973 38.2 335,629 164, 138 171,491 104.5 Connecticut 52,717 47,914 4,803 10.0 2,530,542 1,931,510 599,032 31.0 1,693,939 994,885 699,054 70.3 Middle Atlantic: New York 512,442 658,652 -146,210 -22.2 18,115,634 20,024,850 -1,909,216 -9.5 11,439,169 9,181,782 2,257,387 24.6 New Jersey 265,441 295,258 -29,817 -10.1 10,000,731 10,978,800 -978,069 -8.9 6,664,162 4,533,473 2,130,689 47.0 Pennsylvania 1,380,671 1,480,833 -100,162 -6.8 41,494,237 51,869,780 -10,375,543 -20.0 27,330,860 21,896,795 5,434,065 24.8 East North Central: Ohio 3,916,050 3,826,013 90,037 2.4 157,513,300 152,055,390 5,457,910 3.6 82,327,269 48,037,895 34,289,374 71.4 Indiana 4,901,054 4,499,249 401,805 8.9 195,496,433 178,967,070 16,529,363 9.2 98,437,988 51,752,946 46,685,042 90.2 Illinois 10,045,839 10,266,335 -220,496 -2.1 390,218,676 398,149,140 -7,930,464 -2.0 198,350,496 115,075,901 83,274,595 72.4 Michigan 1,589,596 1,501,189 88,407 5.9 52,906,842 44,584,130 8,322,712 18.7 29,580,929 17,798,011 11,782,918 66.2 Wisconsin 1,457,652 1,497,474 —39,822 -2.7 49,163,034 53,309,810 -4,146,776 -7.8 25,727,654 15,905,822 9,821,832 61.8 West North Central: Minnesota 2,004,068 1,441,580 562,488 39.0 67,897,051 47,256,920 20,640,131 43.7 30,510,145 11,337,105 19,173,040 169.1 Iowa 9,229,378 9,804,076 -574,698 -5.9 341,750,460 383,453,190 -41,702,730 -10.9 167,622,834 97,297,707 70,325,127 72.3 Missouri 7,113,953 7,423,683 -309,730 -4.2 191,427,087 208,844,870 -17,417,783 -8.3 107,347,033 61,246,305 46,100,728 75.3 North Dakota 185,122 62,373 122,749 196.8 4,941,152 1,284,870 3,656,282 284.6 2,403,303 397,278 2,006,025 505.0 South Dakota 2,037,658 1,196,381 841,277 70.3 55,558,737 32,402,540 23, 156, 197 71.5 26,395,985 7,263,127 19,132,858 263.4 Nebraska 7,266,057 7,335,187 -69, 130 -0.9 180,132,807 210,974,740 -30,841,933 -14.6 88,234,846 51,251,213 36,983,633 72.2 Kansas 8,109,061 8,266,018 -156,957 -1.9 154,651,703 229,937,430 -75,285,727 -32.7 80,750,803 58,079,738 22,671,065 39.0 South Atlantic: Delaware 188,755 192,025 -3,270 -1.7 4,839,548 4,736,580 102,968 2.2 2,903,442 1,725,452 1,177,990 68.3 Maryland 647,012 658,010 -10,998 -1.7 17,911,436 19,766,510 -1,855,074 -9.4 11,015,298 7,462,594 3,552,704 47.6 District of Columbia 426 462 -36 -7.8 12,667 14,980 -2,313 -15.4 9,635 6,322 3,313 52.4 Virginia 1,860,359 1,910,085 -49,726 -2.6 38,295,141 36,748,410 1,546,731 4.2 28,885,944 16,233,756 12,052,188 77.9 West Virginia 676,311 724,646 -48,335 -6.7 17,119,097 16,610,730 508,367 3.1 11,907,261 7,698,335 4,208,926 54.7 North Carolina 2,459,457 2,720,206 -260,749 -9.6 34,063,531 34,818,860 -755,329 -2.2 31,286,102 17,304,407 13,981,695 80.8 South Carolina 1,565,832 1,772,057 -206,225 -11.6 20,871,946 17,429,610 3,442,336 19.8 20,682,632 9,149,808 11,532,824 126.0 Georgia 3,383,061 3,477,684 -94,623 -2.7 39,374,569 34,032,230 5,342,339 15.7 37,079,981 17,155,868 19,924,113 116.1 Florida 605,771 569,567 36,204 6.4 7,023,767 5,311,050 1,712,717 32.2 5,709,009 2,669,509 3,039,500 113.9 East South Central: Kentucky 3,436,340 3,319,257 117,083 3.5 83,348,024 73,974,220 9,373,804 12.7 50,449,112 29,423,996 21,025,116 71.5 Tennessee 3,146,348 3,374,574 -228,226 -6.8 67,682,489 67,307,390 375,099 0.6 45,819,093 28,059,508 17,759,585 63.3 Alabama 2,572,968 2,743,360 -170,392 -6.2 30,695,737 35,053,047 -4,357,310 -12.4 28,677,032 17,082,751 11,594,281 67.9 Mississippi 2,172,612 2,276,313 -103,701 -4.6 28,428,667 38,789,920 -10,361,253 -26.7 26,030,376 18,873,934 7,156,442 37.9 West South Central: Arkansas 2,277,116 2,317,742 -40,626 -1.8 37,609,544 44,144,098 -6,534,554 -14.8 27,910,044 17,572,170 10,337,874 58.8 Louisiana 1,590,830 1,343,756 247,074 18.4 26,010,361 22,062,580 3,947,781 17.9 16,480,322 10,327,723 6,152,599 59.6 Oklahoma 5,914,069 12,501,945 3,412,124 136.4 94,283,407 >68,949,300 25,334,107 36.7 48,080,554 1 15,698,289 32,382,265 206.3 Texas 5,130,052 5,017,690 112,362 2.2 75,498,695 109,970,350 -34,471,655 -31.3 50,564,618 34,424,871 16,139,747 46.9 Mountain: Montana 9,514 3,301 6,213 188.2 274, 103 75,838 198,265 261.4 185,367 41,626 143,741 345.3 Idaho 9,194 4,582 4,612 100.7 318, 181 111,528 206,653 185.3 191,395 55,880 135,515 242.5 Wyoming 9,268 1,976 7,292 369.0 176,354 38,000 138,354 364.1 101,465 19,569 81,896 418.5 Colorado 326,559 85,256 241,303 283.0 4,903,304 1,275,680 3,627,624 284.4 2,673,584 508,488 2,165,096 425.8 New Mexico 85,999 41,345 44,654 108.0 1,164,970 677,305 487,665 72.0 984,052 419,936 564,116 134.3 Arizona 15,605 11,654 3,951 33.9 298,664 204,748 93,916 45.9 293,847 151,564 142,283 93.9 Utah 7,267 11,517 -4,250 -36.9 169,688 250,020 -80,332 -32.1 134,396 121,872 12,524 10.3 Nevada 585 580 5 0.9 20,779 14,614 6,165 42.2 23,600 11,845 11,755 99.2 Pacific: Washington 26,033 10,483 15,550 148.3 663,025 218,706 344,319 157.4 404,367 104,263 300,104 287.8 Oregon 17,280 16,992 288 1.7 451,767 359,523 92,234 25.7 310,430 155,693 154,737 99.4 California 51,935 53,930 -1,995 -3.7 1,273,901 1,477,093 -203,192 -13.8 1,077,411 700,894 376,517 63.7 ■ Includes Indian Territory. 380 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Wheat. — For tlic United States as a whole the area harvestcMl in 1909 was 4*1, 2(53, 000 acres, as compared with 52,589,000 acres in 1899, a decrease of 15.8 per cent. On the other hand, tlie production in 1909 was 083, 000, 000 bushels, or 3.8 per cent greater than in 1899, when it was 059,000,000 bushels. The value of the croj) of 1 909 was $058,000,000, an advance of $288,000,000, or 77.8 per cent, over the value in 1899, $370,000,000. Wheat in 1909 occupied 9.3 per cent of the total improved farm land, and its value repre- sented 12 ])er cent of the total for all crops. Details in regard to the })roduction of wheat in 1909 and 1899 are given in Table 25, while a summary of averages and })ercentages, derived mainly from this table, is given in Table 24. Table 24 DIVISION OR STATE. acreage: 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN BUSHELS PER ACRE. AVERAGE value per BUSHEL. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 190!) 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States. . . 100.0 9.3 15.4 12.5 $0. 96 $0. 56 $14. 86 $7. 03 New England (‘) 0. 1 23.5 18.0 1.07 0.89 25.04 15. 99 Middle Atlantic 3.6 5.5 18.6 14.9 1.07 0. 68 19.81 10. 10 East North Central. 1.5.9 7.9 17.2 12.9 1.01 0. 63 17. 32 8. 17 West North Central . 58. 4 15. 7 14.8 12.2 0.95 0. 52 14. 07 6. 35 South Atlantic 5. 1 4.6 11.9 9.5 1.08 0. 72 12. 82 6. 80 East South Central . . 3.0 3.0 11.7 9.0 1.03 0. 65 12.05 5.80 est South Central . 3.5 2.7 11.0 11.9 1.01 0.53 11. 10 0. 32 Mountain 2.9 8. 1 23. 1 19.2 0. 87 0. 48 20. 17 9.24 Pacific 7.0 15.2 17.7 15. () 0.88 0. 49 15. 56 7.60 North Dakota 18.5 40.0 14.3 13.5 0. 93 0. 53 13. 33 7. 13 Kansas 13.5 20.0 13.0 10.2 0.95 0. 49 12. 40 5.03 Minnesota 7.4 16. 7 17. 4 14.5 0. 98 0. 53 17.09 7.71 South Dakota 7.3 20.3 14.6 10.5 0.91 0. 50 13.33 5.26 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Considerably more than one-half of the acreage in wheat in 1909 was found in the West North Central division. The East North Central division, which reported the next largest acreage, contained 15.9 per cent of the total, and the Pacific, which is third in rank, 7.6 per cent. The map on page 384 shows the dis- tribution of the wheat acreage among the states. ^Vlieat occupies in the United States as a whole nearly 10 per cent of the improved land in farms, but in the West North Central and Pacific divisions the proportion exceeds 15 per cent. The proportion is in- significant in the New England division and is smaller in the southern than in the other northern divisions. Tlie leading state in wheat profluction is North Dakota, with an acreage exceeding 8,000,000 and greater than that of any geographic diUsion except the West North Central, in which the state is situated. Kansas, with nearly 6,000,000 acres of wheat, and Minnesota and South Dakota, with over 3,000,000, follow. The four states named have nearly 21 ,000,000 acres in wheat, or over two-fifths of the wheat acreage of the United States. Between 1899 and 1909 there was again of 778,000 acres, or 3.1 jier cent, in the West North Central division and a gain about half as hirge in the Mountain division. In all other divisions the iicreage decreased, the greatest absolute loss being that of over 3,000,000 acres in the East North Central division. Of the 48 states rejiorting wheat, 37 show a loss in acreage. Among the four leading states already mentioned,. North Dakota and Kansas show conspicuous gains in acreage, but South Dakota and Minnesota show decreases, the acreage in the latter having fallen off (uic-half. The average yield of wheat in 1909 was 15.4 bushels per acre. Of the divisions with a large acreage, the West North Central had a slightly lower and the East North Central and Pacific a slightly higher yield per acre than the average for the United States. The three southern divisions fell considerably below that average. As compared with the yield of 12.5 bu-shels per acre in 1899, that of 1909 was considerably larger. With the exception of the West South Central division, larger yields \vere reported in all the divisions in 1909 than in 1899, and the same was true of each of the four leading wheat states listed in the table. In the country as a whole the increased Held per acre was sufficient to counterbalance the decrease in acreage. In the West North Central and Mountain divisions, wdiich gained in acreage, there was a still greater gain in production. In the other divisions, except the West South Central, the loss in production was not so great as in acreage. In the states of North Dakota and Kansas, the percentage of increase in production was greater than that in acreage. In South Dakota the increased yield per acre caused an increase in pro- duction, although the acreage was smaller, and in Minnesota the loss in production w^as less pronounced than that in acreage. The average value of wheat per bushel in 1909 was $0.96, but three divisions onR, the West North Central, ]\Iountain, and Pacific, reported an average value of less than $1. Tliis represents an enormous increase over the value in 1899, when the average for the United States was .$0.56 per bushel. The average value of the wheat crop per acre more than doubled between 1899 and 1909. In each division, except the New England, East South Central, and West South Central divisions, the increase in average value per bushel more than offset the loss in production and the total crop had a greater aggregate value in 1909 than in 1899. It may, however, be noted that 20 states show a falling off in the value of the wheat crop, the most notable decreases being in California, Texas, and Iowa. In 1899 the per cajuta production of wheat was 8.7 bushels and in 1909, 7.4 bushels. This falling off in production per capita was counterbalanced largely by a decrease in the amount ex])orted. Wheat imports are insignificant and may be disregarded. In the year ending June 30, 1900, there was exported in the form of wheat and flour the ecpiivaleut of 186,097,000 bushels, or 28.3 per cent of the crop of 1899. Ten years later the exports were oidy 87,364,000 bushels, or 12.8 per cent of the crop of 1909. For home consump- tion there remained of the croj) of 1899, 472,437,000 bushels, or 6.2 bushels per capita, as compared with 596,015,000 bushels, or 6.5 bushels per capil a, refaiued of the crop of 1909. 381 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. WHEAT— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tulilo '.£5 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. Increase. Incrca.se. Increase. 1809 Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per cl. United States 44.262, 592 52,588, 574 -8,325,982 -15.8 683,379,259 658,534,252 24, 845, 007 3.8 $657, 656, 801 $369, 945, 320 $287,711,481 77.8 OEOGRAPiitc divisions: New England 4,893 9,237 -4,344 -47.0 114,998 166,125 -51,127 -30.8 122,532 147, 742 -25,210 -17.1 Middle Atlantic 1,598,325 2, 204, 350 -606,025 -27.5 29, 717,833 32,947,945 -3,230,112 -9.8 31,665,041 22, 393, 223 9,271,818 41.4 East North Central . . . 7, 038, .364 10,410,893 -3,372,529 -32.4 121,097,675 134, 698, 890 -13,601,215 -10.1 121,885,650 85,051,479 36,834,171 43.3 West North Central. . . 25,863,556 25,085,308 778,248 3.1 384,092,121 306,602,028 77,490,093 25.3 363,923,162 159,281,250 204,641,912 128.5 South Atlantic 2,241,345 3, 368, 872 -1,127,527 -33.5 26,650, 768 31,902,857 -5, 252,089 -16.5 28,725,004 22,903,064 5, 821,940 25.4 East South Central 1,315,243 2,987,483 -1,672,240 -56.0 15,374,422 26,854,542 -11,480,120 -42.7 15,851,025 17, 339, 440 -1,488,415 -8.6 West South Central . . . 1,556,087 2, 934, 687 -1,378,600 -47.0 17,096,127 35,046,935 -17,950,808 -51.2 17, 278,603 18,547,956 -1,269,353 -6.8 Mountain 1,285,360 942, 858 342,502 36.3 29,654,968 18,084,360 11,570,608 64.0 25,930,395 8,715,518 17,214,877 197.5 Pacific 3,359,419 4,644,886 -1,285,467 -27.7 59,580,347 72,230,570 -12,650,223 -17.5 52, 275, 389 35,565,648 16,709,741 47.0 New England: Maine 3, 407 6,667 -3,260 -48.9 85,119 116,720 -31,601 -27.1 91,554 107,396 -15,842 -14.8 New Hampshire 70 271 -201 -74.2 1,311 4,035 -2, 724 -67.5 1,406 3,428 -2,022 -59.0 Vermont 678 1,796 -1,118 -62.2 14,087 34,650 -20,563 -59.3 14,279 29,078 -14,799 -50.9 Massachusetts 109 95 14 (') 2,404 1,750 654 37.4 2,515 1,515 1,000 66.0 Rhode Island 13 15 -2 (■) 208 310 -102 -32.9 211 245 -34 -13.9 Connecticut 618 393 223 56.7 11,869 8,660 3, 209 37.1 12,567 6,080 6,487 106.7 ■Middle Atlantic: New York 289, 130 557,736 -268,606 -48.2 6, 664, 121 10, 412, 675 -3,748,554 -36.0 7,175,523 7,332,597 -157,074 -2.1 New Jersey 83,637 132,571 -48, 934 -36.9 1,489,233 1,902,590 -413,357 -21.7 1,568,880 1,347,650 221,230 16.4 Pennsylvania 1,225,558 1,514,043 -288,485 -19.1 21,564,479 20,632,880 931, 799 4.5 22,920,638 13,712,976 9, 207, 662 67.1 East Noeth Central: Ohio 1,827,932 3,209,074 -1,381,142 -43.0 30,663,704 50,376,800 -19,713,096 -39.1 31,112,975 32,855,834 -1,742,859 -5.3 Indiana 2, 082, 835 2,893,293 -810,458 -28.0 33,935,972 34,986,280 -1,050,308 -3.0 33,593,141 22,228,916 11,364,225 51.1 Illinois 2, 185,091 1,826,143 358,948 19.7 37,830,732 19,795,500 18,035,232 91.1 38,000,712 11,929,458 26,071,254 218.6 Michigan 802,137 1,925,769 -1,123,632 -58.3 16,025,791 20,535, 140 -4,509,349 -22.0 16,586,868 12,921,925 3,664,943 28.4 Wisconsin 140)369 556,614 -416,245 -74.8 2,641,476 9,005,170 -6,363,694 -70.7 2,591,954 5,115,346 -2,533.392 -49.5 West North Central: Minnesota 3,276,911 6,560,707 -3, 283, 796 -50.1 57,094,412 95, 278, 660 -38, 184,248 -40.1 56,007,435 50,601,948 5,405,487 10.7 Iowa 526, 777 1,689,705 -1,162,928 -68.8 8,055,944 22,769,440 -14, 713,496 -64.6 7, 703, 205 11,457,808 -3,754,603 -32.8 Missouri 2,017,128 2,056,219 -39,091 -1.9 29,837,429 23,072,768 6,764,661 29.3 29,926, 209 13,520,012 16,406,197 121.3 North Dakota 8, 188, 782 4,451,251 3,737,531 84.0 116,781,886 59,888,810 56,893,076 95.0 109,129,869 31,733,763 77,396, 106 243.9 South Dakota 3,217,255 3,984,659 -767,404 -19.3 47,059,590 41,889,380 5,170,210 12.3 42,878,223 20,957,917 21,920,306 104.6 Nebraska 2,662,918 2,538,949 123,969 4.9 47,685,745 24,924, 520 22,761,225 91.3 44,225,930 11,877,347 32,348,583 272.4 Kansas 5,973,785 3,803,818 2,169,967 57.0 77,577,115 38,778,450 38, 798, 665 100.0 74,052,291 19, 132, 455 54,919,836 287.0 South Atlantic: Delaware 111,215 118,740 -7,525 -6.3 1,643,572 1,870,570 -226,998 -12.1 1,697,539 1,247,055 450,484 36.1 Maryland 589,893 634, 446 -44,553 -7.0 9, 463,457 9,671,800 -208,343 -2.2 9, 876, 480 6,484,088 3,392,392 52.3 District of Columbia. . 17 —17 410 —410 349 -349 Virginia 692,907 927, 266 -234,359 -25.3 8,076,989 8,907,510 -830,521 -9.3 8,776,061 6,161,000 2,615,061 42.4 West Virginia 209, 315 447,928 -238, 613 -53.3 2,575,996 4,326,150 -1, 750, 154 -40.5 2, 697, 141 3,040,314 -343, 173 -11.3 North Carolina 501,912 746,984 -245,072 -32.8 3,827, 145 4,342,351 -515, 206 -11.9 4,420, 322 3, 463, 726 956, 596 27.6 South Carolina 43,028 174,245 -131,217 -75.3 310,614 1,017,319 -706, 705 -69.5 385,835 958, 158 -572,323 -59.7 Georgia 93,065 319, 161 -226,096 -70.8 752,858 1,765,947 -1,013,089 -57.4 871, 494 1, 547, 773 -676,279 -43.7 Florida 10 85 -75 (') 137 800 -663 -82.9 132 601 -469 -78.0 East South Central: Kentucky 681, 323 1,431,027 -749, 704 -52.4 8,739,260 14,264,500 -5,525,240 -38.7 8,812,469 8,923, 760 -111,291 -1.2 Tennessee 619, 861 1,426,112 -806,251 -56.5 6,516,539 11,924,010 -5,407,471 —45. 3 6,913,335 7,882,697 -969,362 -12.3 .\labama 13,665 123,897 -110,232 -89.0 113,953 628, 775 -514,822 -81.9 120,873 502, 240 -381,367 -75.9 Mississippi 394 6,447 -8,053 -93.9 4,670 37,257 -32,587 -87.5 4,348 30, 743 -26,395 -85.9 West South Central: Arkansas 60,426 379,453 -319,027 -84.1 526,414 2,449,970 -1,923,556 -78.5 532,712 1,383,916 -851,204 -61.5 Louisiana 65 214 -149 -69.6 488 2,345 -1,857 -79. 2 508 1,888 -1,380 -73.1 Oklahoma 1, 169, 420 n, 527,073 -357, 653 -23.4 14,008,334 « 20, 328, 300 -6,319,966 -31.1 13,854,322 a 10, no, 675 3, 743, 647 37.0 Texas 326, 176 1,027,947 -701,771 -68.3 2,560,891 12, 266, 320 -9,705, 429 -79.1 j 2,891,061 7,051,477 -4, 160,416 -59.0 Mountain: 1 Montana 258,377 92, 132 166,245 180.4 6,251,945 1,899,683 4,352,262 229.1 5,329,389 1,077,210 4,252,179 394.7 Idaho 399,234 266,305 132,929 49.9 10, 237,609 5, 340, 180 4,897,429 91.7 8, 412, 587 2, 131,953 6,280,634 294.6 Wyoming 41,968 19,416 22,552 116.2 738,698 348, 890 389,808 110.8 644,251 191,195 453,056 235.4 ■Colorado 340,729 294,949 45, 780 15.5 7, 224,057 5,587, 770 1,636,287 29.3 6, 463,926 2, 809, 370 3, 654, 556 130.1 New Mexico 32,341 37,907 -5,566 -14.7 499, 799 603, 303 -103,504 -17.2 508, 726 390, 616 118,110 30.2 Arizona 20,028 24,377 -4,349 -17.8 362,875 440,252 -77,377 -17.6 410,214 276, 639 133,575 48.3 Utah 178,423 189, 235 -10,812 -5.7 3,943,910 3,413, 470 530,440 15.5 3,765,017 1,575,064 2, 189,953 139.0 Nevada 14,260 18,537 -4,277 -23.1 396,075 450,812 -54,737 -12.1 396,285 263,471 132,814 50.4 Pacific : Washington 2,118,015 1,088, 102 1,029,913 94.7 40,920,390 21,187,527 19,732,863 93.1 35,102,370 9,028,209 26,074,161 288.8 Oregon 763, 187 873,379 -110,192 -12.6 12,456,751 14,508,636 -2,051,885 -14.1 10,849,036 6,358,395 4,490,641 70.6 Calilornia 478,217 2,683,405 -2,205,188 -82.2 6, 203, 208 36,5.34,407 -30,331,201 -83.0 6,32.3,983 20,179,044 -13,855,061 -68.7 I Per cent not calculated where base Is less than 100. 2 Includes Indian Territory. 382 ABSTRACT OF THE CEA^SUS— AGRICULTURE. Oats. — The acl■ea<^c of oats liarvcstcd in tlie United States increased from 29,540,000 in 1899 to 35,159,000 in 1909, or 19 ])er cent, while tJie production increased G.8 per cent, from 943,000,000 bushels in 1899 to 1.007.000. 000 bushels in 1909. The value of the crop, however, which was .1217,000,000 in 1899, was 1415.000. 000 ill 1909, or 91 per cent greater. The acreage of oats in 1909 was 7.3 per cent of the total improved farm acreage, and their value 7.6 per cent of the total for all crops. Detailed figures concerning the production of oats in 1909 and 1899 are given in Table 27, and a summary of the averages and percent- ages for the geographic divisions and leading states, derived mainly from this table, is i)resented in Table 26. The map on page 385 shows how the acreage of oats is distributed among the states. Tabl*‘ 'Zii DIVISION OR STATE. acreage: 1909 ! AVERAGE YIELD IN BUSHELS PER 1 ACRE. 1 1 AVERAGE VALUE PER BUSHEL. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per i Per United States total. im- proved land. 1909 1899 1!K)9 1899 1909 1899 United States . . . New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. W est North Central . South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central. Mountain Pacific 100.0 0.6 7.2 31.9 44. 7 3.9 2.5 3.6 3.3 2.3 7.3 3.1 8.6 12.6 9.6 2.8 2.0 2.2 7.3 3.6 28.6 32.9 25.5 33.3 27.5 15.5 13.4 21. 4 34.9 35.3 31.9 35.9 30.9 37.4 32.0 11.7 11. 1 25.8 30.4 31.4 JO. 41 0. 55 0. 51 0.40 0. 38 0.63 0.56 0. 47 0. 48 0.48 $0.23 0. 35 0.31 0. 22 0. 21 0. 39 0. 35 0.23 0.38 0. 33 $11.79 18. 04 13. 15 13. 27 10. 35 9. 78 7. 51 10.00 16.90 16. 91 $7.35 12. 72 9.50 8. 12 6.60 4. 63 3. 88 5.83 11. 41 10.23 Iowa 13.2 15.8 27.5 35. 9 0. 38 0. 20 10. 54 7.08 Illinois 11.9 11. 9 36.0 39. 5 0. 40 0.21 14.29 8. 09 Minnesota 8.5 15.2 31.5 33.6 0. 36 0.21 11.43 7.19 Nebraska 6.7 9.7 22.6 30. 1 0. 36 0.20 8.22 5.89 W isconsin 6.2 18.2 33.0 35.5 0. 40 0.21 13. 24 7.58 North Dakota 6. 1 10.5 30.7 28.3 0..37 0. 26 11.23 7.50 Of the total acreage of oats, 44.7 per cent was re- ported from the West North Centrid division and 31.9 per cent from the East North Central. In the latter, oats occupy about one-eighth, in the former somewhat less than one-tenth, of the improved land in farms. They are also a crop of some importance in the Middle Atlantic division, in which they occupy about one- twelfth of the improved land in farms. The leading state in the acreage of oats in 1 909 was Iowa, with 4,655,000 acres, clo.sely followed by Illinois, with 4,176,000. Minnesota, Nebraska, Wisconsin, and North Dakota, ranking in the order named, also had each more than 2,000,000 acres in oats. These six leading states had together over 18,000,000 acres of oats in 1909, or more than one-half of the acreage for the whole country. Comparing 1909 with 1899, the Middle Atlantic and West South Central divisions show an aggregate loss of 257,000 acres, but an aggregate gain of 5,876,000 acres was re])orted for the remaining divisions, or a net gain of 5,620,000, or 19 per cent, for the whole country. The greatest absolute gain — over 3,600,000 acres — was in the West North Central division, but larger relative increases occurred in the Mountain and Pacific divisions. Among the states. North Dakota shows an increase of over 1 ,300,000 acres. A gain of more than 500,000 acres each is also reported for South Dakota, Minnesota, Ohio, and Indiana. Of the six states named above as leading in the acreage of oats, three — Iowa, Illinois, and Wisconsin — show decreases for the decade, while increases took place in the remainder. The average yield in 1909 of 28.6 bushels per acre for the country as a whole was exceeded in the East North Central division, but was not attained by the West North Central division, nor by the Middle Atlantic division. Of the divisions where the acreage of oats is less important, the New England, Mountain, and Pacific divisions exceeded this average, while the remainder fell below it. For the United States as a whole the average yield per acre in 1909 was somewhat below that of 1899. This was true also of the three divisions with the largest acreage and of the New England and West South Central divisions, but in the other divisions the average yield in 1909 was greater than in 1899. There was in the United States as a whole a some- what larger crop of oats in 1909 than in 1899. Two divisions which lost in acreage had also a smaller pro- duction, while two others showed a diminished produc- tion in combination with an increase in acreage. Among the remaining divisions, the rate of increase in production was considerably less than that in acre- age in the West North Central division, which produced over two-fifths of the entire crop, but in the divisions with a smaller production the crop increased more rapidly than the acreage. Among the several states, the largest gain in the production of oats was in North Dakota, where the crop of 1909 was nearly three times as great as that of 1899. A considerable gain was also made in Minnesota, but in the other states which have been noted as leading in acreage there was a diminished production, especially in Iowa, the fii’st on the list as measured by acreage. The average value per bushel of the oat crop was .$0.41 in 1909, as compared with .$0.23 in 1899, an ad- vance of 78.3 per cent. As is frequently the case, the average values are somewhat higher in the divisions with relatively small production than in those with large production. All divisions, however, show a marked advance for 1909 as compared with 1899. By reason of the smaller yield per acre the value of the crop per acre did not increase in the same proportion as tlie average value per bushel. As a result of the increased acreage in the country as a whole, however, there was an increase in the aggregate value of the cro]), amounting to 91 per cent. This increase is shared by all divisions, though, as already noted, some show a decrease in acreage and some a decrease in ])roduction. The elTect of the change in value is particularly noticeable in the case of the state of Iowa, which leads in the acreage of oats. In the 10 years the acreage in that state remained practically stationary, the ])ro- duction fell off nearly one-fourth, but the value of the crop increased nearly one-half. FARM (^ROJ^S, BY STATES 383 OATS- ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VAl.UE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.] Tubic 27 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (bushels). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. l«09 18iM» Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. mount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Perct. United States 35.159.441 29.539,698 5,619,743 19.0 1,007,142,980 943,389,375 63,753.605 6.8 $414,697,422 $217,098,584 $197,598,838 91.0 Geographic divisions: New England 223,221 212,737 10,484 5.0 7,350,601 7,643,175 -292,574 -3.8 4,027,338 2,705,249 1,322,089 48.9 Middle Atlantic 2,518,886 2,579,559 -60,673 -2.4 64,344,715 79,630,320 -15,285,605 -19.2 33,111,736 24,515,326 8,596,410 35.1 East North Central 11,225,445 10,087,121 1,138,324 11.3 373,803,573 377,300,555 -3,496,982 -0.9 149,004,329 81,881,022 67,123,307 82.0 West North Central 15,710,495 12, 109, 758 3,600,737 29.7 432,660,477 386,978,611 45,681,866 11.8 162,647,073 79,970,336 82,676,737 103.4 South Atlantic 1,368,832 1,268,061 100,771 7.9 21,206,000 14,874,888 6,331,112 42.6 13,388,578 5,869,687 7,518,891 128.1 East South Central 870,762 855,842 14,920 1.7 11,646,687 9,480,025 2,166,662 22.9 6,535,286 3,317,185 3,218,101 97.0 West South Central 1,276,534 1,472,449 -195,915 -13.3 27,273,695 37,927,478 -10,653,783 -28.1 12,764,241 8,590,119 4,174,122 48.6 Mountain 1,164,204 412,190 752,014 182.4 40,604,255 12,519,653 28,084,602 224.3 19,673,773 4,704,766 14,969,007 318.2 Pacific. 801,062 541,981 259,081 47.8 28,252,977 17,034,670 11,218,307 65.9 13,545,068 5,544,894 8,000,174 144.3 New England: Maine 120,991 108,661 12,330 11.3 4,232,309 3,799,435 432,874 11.4 2,293,947 1,374,573 919,374 66.9 Now Hampshire 10,860 12,589 -1,729 -13.7 386,419 497,110 -110,691 -22.3 216,938 184,025 32,913 17.9 Vermont 71,510 73,372 -1,862 -2.5 2,141,357 2,742,140 -600,783 -21.9 1,169,223 941,711 227,512 24.2 Massachusetts 7,927 6,702 1,225 18.3 268,500 240,990 27,510 11.4 157,381 84,850 72,531 85.5 Rhode Island 1,726 1,530 196 12.8 48,212 47, 120 1,092 2.3 28,661 16,631 12,030 72.3 Connecticut 10,207 9,883 324 3.3 273,804 316,380 -42,576 -13.5 161,188 103,459 57,729 55.8 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,302,508 1,329,753 -27,245 -2.0 34,795,277 40,785,900 -5,990,623 -14.7 17,977,155 12,929,092 5,048,063 39.0 New Jersey 72, 130 75,959 -3,829 -5.0 1,376,752 1,601,610 -224,858 -14.0 712,609 492,341 220,268 44.7 Peimsylvania 1,144,248 1,173,847 -29,599 -2.5 28,172,686 37,242,810 -9,070,124 -24.4 14,421,972 11,093,893 3,328,079 30.0 East North Central: Ohio 1,787,496 1,115,149 672,347 60.3 57,591,046 42,050,910 15,540,136 37.0 23,212,352 10,236,251 12,976,101 126.8 Indiana 1,667,818 1,017,385 650,433 63.9 50,607,913 34,565,070 16,042,843 46.4 18,928,706 7,458,682 11,470,024 153.8 Dlinois 4,176,485 4,570,034 -393,549 -8.6 150,386,074 180,305,630 -29,919,556 -16.6 59,693,819 36,990,019 22,703,800 61.4 Michigan 1,429,076 1,019,438 409,638 40.2 ' 43,869,502 36,338,145 7,531,357 20.7 18,506,195 9,264,385 9,241,810 99.8 Wisconsin 2,164,570 2,365,115 -200,545 -8.5 71,349,038 84,040,800 -12,691,762 -15.1 28,663,257 17,931,685 10,731,572 59.8 West North Central: Minnesota 2,977,258 2,201,325 775,933 35.2 93,897,717 74,054,150 19,843,567 26.8 34,023,389 15,829,804 18,193,585 114.9 Iowa 4,655,154 4,695,391 -40,237 -0.9 128,198,055 168,364,170 -40,166,115 -23.9 49,046,888 33,254,987 15,791,901 47.5 Missouri 1,073,325 916, 178 157,147 17.2 24,828,501 20,545,350 4,283,151 20.8 10,253,990 4,669, 185 5,584,805 119.6 North Dakota 2,147,032 780,517 1,366,515 175.1 65,886,702 22,125,331 43,761,371 197.8 24,114,345 5,852,615 18,261,730 312.0 South Dakota 1,558,643 691,167 867,476 125.5 43,565,676 19,412,490 24,153,186 124.4 16,044,785 4,114,456 11,930,329 290.0 Nebraska 2,365,774 1,924,827 440,947 22.9 53,360,185 58,007,140 —4,646,953 -8.0 19,443,570 11,333,393 8,110,177 71.6 Kansas 933,309 900,353 32,956 3.7 22,923,641 24,469,980 -1,546,339 -6.3 9,720,106 4,915,896 4,804,210 97.7 South Atlantic: Delaware 4,226 5,247 -1,021 -19.5 98,239 131,960 -33,721 -25.6 51,022 43,337 7,685 17.7 Maryland 49,210 44,625 4,585 10.3 1,160,663 1,109,560 51,103 4.6 584,395 340, 475 243,920 71.6 District of Columbia 13 42 -29 (>) 375 620 -245 -39.5 165 206 -41 -19.9 Virginia 204, 455 275,394 -70,939 -25.8 2,884,495 3,269,430 -384,935 -11.8 1,609,973 1,103,616 506,357 45.9 West Virginia 103,758 99,433 4,325 4.3 1,728,806 1,833,840 -105,034 -5.7 912,388 637,176 275,212 43.2 North Carolina 228, 120 270,876 -42,756 -15.8 2,782,508 2,454,768 327,740 13.4 1,741,561 991,516 750,045 75.6 South Carolina 324, 180 222,544 101,636 45.7 5,745,291 2,661,670 3,08.3,621 115.9 3,809,345 1,226,575 2,582,770 210.6 Georgia 411,664 318,433 93,231 29.3 6,199,243 3,115,610 3,083,633 99.0 4,236,625 1,383,758 2,852,867 206.2 Florida 43,206 31,467 11,739 37.3 606,380 297,430 308,950 103.9 443,104 143,028 300,076 209.8 East South Central: Kentucky 174,315 316,590 -142,275 -44.9 2,406,064 4,009,830 -1,603,766 -40.0 1,216,187 1,247,928 -31,741 -2.5 Tennessee 342,086 235,313 106,773 45.4 4,720,692 2,725,330 1,995,362 73.2 2,378,464 887,940 1,490,524 167.9 Alabama 257,276 216,873 40,403 18.6 3,251,146 1,882,060 1,369,086 72.7 2,117,703 797,684 1,320,019 165.5 Mississippi 97,085 87,066 10,019 11.5 1,268,785 862,805 405,980 47.1 822,932 383,633 439,299 114.5 West South Central: Arkansas 197,449 280, 115 -82,666 -29.5 3,212,891 3,909,000 -696, 109 -17.8 1,641,752 1,263,101 378,651 30.0 Louisiana 29,711 28,033 1,678 6.0 420,033 316,070 103,963 32.9 250,588 117,312 133,276 113.6 Oklahoma 609,373 2 317,076 292,297 92.2 16,606,154 29,511,740 7,094,414 74.6 7,172,267 21,968,915 5,203,352 264.3 Texas 440,001 847,225 -407,224 -48.1 7,034,617 24,190,668 -17,156,051 -70.9 3,699,634 5,240,791 -1,541,157 -29.4 Mountain: Montana 333, 195 133,938 199,257 148.8 13,805,735 4,746,231 9,059,504 190.9 6,148,021 1,790,938 4,357,083 243.3 Idaho 302, 783 64,739 238,044 367.7 11,328,106 1,956,498 9,371,608 479.0 5,067,051 702,955 4,364,096 620.8 Wyoming 124,035 26,892 97,143 361.2 3,361,425 763,370 2,598,055 340.4 1,828,711 292,630 1,536,081 524.9 Colorado 275,948 120,952 154,996 128.1 7,642,855 3,080, 130 4,562,725 148.1 4,177,267 1,121,745 3,0.55,522 272.4 New Mexico 33,707 15,848 17,859 112.7 720,560 342,777 377,783 110.2 459,306 154,347 304,959 197.6 Arizona 5,867 1,641 4,226 257.5 189,312 43,246 146,066 337.7 130,384 21,144 109,240 516.6 Utah 80,816 43,394 37,422 86.2 3,221,289 1,436,225 1,785,064 124.3 1,671,065 553,847 1,117,218 201.7 Nevada 7,853 4,786 3,067 64.1 334,973 151,176 183, 797 121.6 191,968 67, 160 124,808 185.8 Pacific: Washington 269,742 126,841 142,901 112.7 13,228,003 5,336,486 7,891,517 147.9 5,870,857 1,765,547 4,105,310 232.5 Oregon 339, 162 261,406 77,756 29.7 10,881,286 6,725,828 4,155,458 61.8 5,037,164 2,078,950 2,958,214 142.3 California 192,158 153,734 38,424 25.0 4,143,688 4,972,356 -828,668 -16.7 2,637,047 1,700,397 936,650 55.1 > Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. ^ includes Indian Territory. 384 ABSTRACT OF 4TTE (CENSUS— AGRICULTURE CORN. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. WHEAT. FARM CROPS, BY STATES 385 OATS. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. IIAY AND FORAGE. ACREAGE, BY STATES: 1909. 72497°— 13 25 380 Al^SIMIACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Minor cereals. — The minor cereals occupy only 7.1 ])er cent ol' the entire ac.reafte devoted to cereals in the United States. Statistics are given for each in Tables 28 to 33. Barley . — Of the minor cereals, barley (Table 28), which oc.cu])ies 4 per cent of the entire cereal acreage of the United States, is by far the most important. Of the aggregate barley acreage of 7,698,700, considerably more than one-half was found in the West North Central division. Other divisions where this is an im])ortant crop are the Pacific and the East North Central, the three divisions named containing together 94.1 per cent of the total acreage in 1909. Four states, Min- nesota, North Dakota, California, and South Dakota, ranking in the order named, have an acreage in excess of 1,000,000 each, and together contain more than two- thirds of the total for the whole country. Large acre- ages are also reported for Wisconsin and Iowa. The acreage in barley was larger in 1909 than in 1899 by 3,228,510 acres, or 72.2 per cent. Almost three- fourths of this increase was reported from the West North Central division, where the acreage more than doubled during the period. The percentage of increase in the Mountain division was greater than in any other. Only in divisions of small acreage was there a decrease. In the three divisions which led in acreage there was an increase in the acreage of every state except Ohio and Iowa. The crop of 1909, 173,000,000 bushels, exceeded that of 1899, 120,000,000 bushels, by 44.9 per cent, the average yield per acre being 22.5 bushels in 1909 and 26.8 bushels in 1899. The increase in production in 1909 over 1899 for the country as a whole was there- fore somewhat less relatively than the increase in acreage. The same statement is true for each of the divisions which are prominent in the production of bar- ley, but in some of the less important divisions the increase in production was greater than that in acre- age. Divisions with a decreased acreage had also a decreased production. In the three divisions which led in production all the states, with the exception of Ohio, Iowa, Indiana, and Nebraska, show increases in production. The value of the crop in 1909, $92,459,000 (equal to 1.7 per cent of the total value of crops) was more than twice as great as in 1899, the average value per bushel increasing from 35 to 53 cents, or 51.4 per cent, and the average value per acre from $9.31 to $12.01, or 29 per cent. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, and West South Central divisions there was a decrease in total value, but it was considerably less relatively than that in either acreage or production. Rye . — Judged by acreage, rye (Table 29) is somewhat less than one-third as important as barley. Of the 2,195,561 acres in rve in the United States in 1909 about three-fourths were located east of the Mississippi River. The leading division in acreage is the East North Central, the Middle Atlantic ranking next. There is, however, almost no difference in the acreage of the West North (Antral and the Middle Atlantic divisions. The leading states in the acreage of rye are Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota, in the order named. Together these four states reported in 1909 nearly 1,300,000 acres, or more than one-half of the area devoted to rye in the United States. The increase in the acreage of rye in 1909 as com- pared with 1899 amounted to 6.9 per cent. Five divi- sions, including two with a considerable acreage of this crop — the Middle Atlantic and the West North Central — show decreases, while increases occurred in four divisions. The gain was conspicuous in the prin- cipal rye producing section, the East North Central, where it amounted to 43.2 per cent. A much larger percentage of increase is shown for the Mountain divi- sion, but the absolute gain in acreage was less than one-tenth as large. Of the four leading states, Michigan and Minnesota more than doubled their rye acreage, but Wisconsin and Pennsylvania both show a decrease. The production in 1909, 29,520,000 bushels, was 15.5 per cent greater than in 1899, indicatmg, in connection with the increase of only 6.9 per cent in acreage, a greater yield per acre for the crop as a whole (13.4 bushels in 1909 and 12.4 in 1899) . The divisions which lost in acreage had also, with the exception of the West North Central division, a smaller production. The value of the rye crop in 1909, $20,422,000, rep- resented 0.4 per cent of the total value of crops. It was nearly two-thirds greater than in 1899. While five divisions had a diminished acreage and four a decreased production, there were only two in which the value of the crop was smaller in 1909 than in 1899. The aver- age value per bushel increased from 48 to 69 cents, and the average value per acre from $5.98 to $9.30. Buckwheat . — Buckwheat (Table 30) has a much smaller area of cultivation than the cereals thus far considered. There were 878,000 acres harvested in the United States in 1909, of which the region east of the Mississippi contained 96.9 per cent. The Middle Atlantic states had about two-thirds of the total acre- age re])orted for buckwheat, this being almost equally divided between New York and Pennsylvania. The increase in the area harvested in 1909 as compared with 1899 was over 70,000 acres, more than one-half of which was in the Middle Atlantic division. The New England and West North Central divisions lost in acreage but all others gained, the most significant increase being that in the South Atlantic division, amounting to 29,322 acres, or 52.8 per cent. Pennsyl- vania shows an increase of 17.2 ])er cent in the acreage of buckwheat and New York a decrease of 1.2 per cent. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 387 The production of 1909 amounted to 14,849,000 bushels, wliich was 32.2 per cent more than that of 1899. The increase in production was relatively greater than that in acreage, and New England was the only division reporting a smaller ])roduction in 1909 than in 1899. Measured by production. New York a])pears as the leading state, showing a gain of 49.2 per cent in this respect, despite a slight loss in acreage. The crop of 1909, valued at $9,331,000, was nearly two- thirds greater in value than that of 1899. In 1909 the average yield per acre was 16.9 bushels; the average value per bushel, 63 cents; and the average value per acre, $10.63. Emmer and spelt . — Emmer and spelt (Table 31) are old grains known to the ancient world and still in use as a food crop in parts of Europe and Asia. Nearly all the “emmer and spelt” reported is emmer, spelt being cultivated in only a few scattered localities. These grains are, botanically, species of wheat, but commercially they are more closely related to the other cereals, since they are used as food for stock. More- over, the price per bushel of emmer and spelt cor- responds much more nearly to that of com or oats than to that of wheat. No regular statistics of these crops were gathered in 1900. Emmer and spelt are considered good crops for dry farming, and like kafir corn have been introduced principally in the districts of comparatively light rainfall, though on account of the heavy yield and the value of the grains as feed for stock, they are sown in parts of the grain region in which corn is not an established crop. The area of emmer and spelt harvested in 1909 was 573,622 acres, the production 12,703,000 bushels, and the value $5,584,000. The average production per acre was thus 22.1 bushels; the average value per bushel, 44 cents; and the average value per acre, $9.73. Of the total acreage, the West North Central divi- sion reported 522,487 acres, or 91.1 per cent; the Mountain, 18,644; the East North Central, 14,941 ; and the West South Central, 13,295. Of the total produc- tion in 1909, 11,673,000 bushels, or 91.9 per cent, were reported from the West North Central division; 407.000 bushels from the Mountain division; and 372.000 bushels from the East North Central division. The state having the largest acreage in 1909 was South Dakota, with 259,611 acres, or 45.3 per cent of the total area harvested, while North Dakota came next with 101,144 acres, or 17.6 per cent of the total — the combined acreage for the two Dakotas representing over three-fifths of the total area in this crop. The states ranking next in acreage were Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, and Colorado. Kafir com and milo maize . — Statistics for kafir corn and milo maize (Table 32) were first obtained by the Census Burcaii in 1900. The acreage in 1899 was about one-third as great as that of buckwheat, but in 1909 it was almost twice as large. Kafir corn and milo maize are cereals belonging to the millet family. They arc grown extensively in Africa and somewhat in Asia, the grain being iised for food. In this country they have made great headway as dry- farming crops and are being introduced more gen- erally in sections of light rainfall. The grains are here used primarily for feeding live stock, although to a limited extent they are ground for flour. Aside from the use made of the grain, the stalks, if* cut before they are entirely ripe, make a valuable fodder. ■] Of the 1,635,153 acres in kafir corn and milo maize in 1909, over 1,000,000 acres were in the two states of Texas and Oklahoma and nearly 400,000 acres in Kansas. The only other considerable acreages were in New Mexico and California. The acreage harvested was more than six times as great in 1909 as in 1899. In 1899 over one-half the crop was harvested in the state of Kansas, but the recent extension of the cultivation of these cereals in Texas and Oklahoma has placed those states at the head of the list. The production increased from 5,169,000 bushels m 1899 to 17,597,000 bushels in 1909. The rate of increase was only half as rapid as that in acreage, the yield per acre, which was 19.4 bushels in 1899, being only 10.8 bushels in 1909. The decrease in yield per acre is due mainly to the fact that the crops are becom- ing popular in regions of comparatively light rainfall where the yield is normally small. In 1909 the aver- age value per bushel was 61 cents and the average value per acre $6.62. < Rice . — The area devoted to the cultivation of rice (Table 33) in 1909 was 610,175 acres, located almost exclusively in the West South Central division. Lou- isiana, with 317,518 acres, and Texas, with 237,586 acres, far exceed any other state or any other division in acreage. A small acreage oiily is reported for the East South Central division, and 27,080 acres for the South Atlantic division. During the decade the area devoted to rice cultiva- tion increased 267,961 acres, or 78.3 per cent. There was a great loss in acreage in the South Atlantic division, but this was much more than counter- balanced by the great gain in the West South Central division, the principal rice producing area. The production of rough rice in 1909 was 21,839,000 bushels, and the value $16,020,000. The increase in both production and value between 1899 and 1909 was more rapid than that in acreage, and shows about the same distribution as respects the two producing areas, the South Atlantic and the West South Central divisions. 388 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. BARLEY— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.] Tublo 28 j 1 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. niV^LSION OR STATK. ! Increase. Increase. Increase. 1909 mount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per c»nt. United States 7,698,706 4,470,196 3,228,510 72.2 173,344,212 119,634,877 53, 709, 335 44.9 $92,458,571 $41,631,762 $50, 826, 809 122.1 (iKOORAriiic divisions: New England 16,242 23,554 -7,312 -31.0 428,617 704,957 -276,340 -39.2 312, 659 .364,226 -21,567 -5.9 Middle Atlantic 87, 733 121,577 -:i3,844 -27.8 2,062, 189 3, 145,218 -1,083,029 -34.4 1,414,306 1, 493, 648 -79,282 -5.3 East North Central 1,007, 102 605,678 341,424 51.3 26,705,278 21,865,348 4,839,930 22.1 15,240,518 8, 158,220 7,082,298 86.8 West North Central. . . 4,762,928 2,305,281 2,457,647 106. 0 98, 997, 430 59,695,149 39,302,281 65.8 47,400,962 17,503,097 29,897,865 170.8 South Atlantic 15,561 5,717 9,844 172.2 409,015 109,559 300,050 273.9 270,981 53,245 223,736 420.2 East South Central 5,388 2,848 2,540 89.2 119,922 42,138 77, 784 184.0 79, 171 21,215 57,956 273.2 West South Central. . . 14,253 21,334 -7,081 -33.2 181,346 433, 625 -252,279 -58.2 107,835 115,856 -8,021 -6.9 Mountain 313,606 111,887 201,719 180.3 9,785,511 3,333,342 6,452,169 193.6 5,566,331 1, 401, 107 4, 165,224 297.3 t^acific 1,475,893 1,212,320 263, 573 21.7 34, 654, 304 30,305.541 4,348,763 14.3 22,029,748 12,521,148 9,508,600 75.9 New England: Maine 4, 136 8,809 -4,673 -53.0 106,674 252,850 -146, 170 -57.8 86,230 137, 448 -51,218 -37.3 New Hampshire 848 1,590 -748 -46.9 20, 764 40, 680 -25,916 —55.5 17,292 25,189 -7,897 -31.4 Vermont 10, 586 12, 152 — 1,566 -12.9 285,008 380, 940 -95, 932 -25.2 225,803 187,004 38,799 20.7 Massachusetts 349 638 -289 -45.3 9,021 14,987 -5,906 -39.8 7,177 9,264 -2, 087 -22.5 Khode Island 182 222 -40 -18.0 4,676 6,100 -1,424 -23.3 4,126 3,465 661 19.1 Connecticut 141 137 4 2.9 2.474 3,400 -920 -27.2 2,031 1,856 175 9.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 79,956 111,658 -31,702 -28.4 1,922,868 2,943,250 -1,020,382 -34.7 1,316,117 1, 402, 184 -86,067 -6.1 New Jersey 152 336 -184 -54.8 3,082 4.790 -1,708 -35.7 1,967 2,301 -334 -14.5 Pennsylvania 7,625 9,583 -1,958 -20.4 136,239 197, 178 -60,939 -30.9 96.282 89, 163 7,119 8.0 East North Central: Ohio 24,075 34,058 -9,983 -29.3 569,279 1,053,240 -483,901 -46.0 311,741 402,977 -91,236 -22.6 Indiana 10,188 9,533 655 6.9 234, 298 200, 550 -26,252 -10.1 133,591 100,480 33, 111 33.0 Illinois 63.325 21,375 41,950 196.3 1,613,559 086,580 926,979 135.0 880, 706 242,834 637,872 262.7 Michigan 93,065 44,965 48,100 107.0 2, 132, 101 1,165,288 966,813 829.7 1,232,344 494,994 737,350 149.0 Wisconsin 816,449 555,747 260,702 46.9 22,156,041 18,699,090 3,456,351 18.5 12.682,130 6,916,935 5,765,201 83.3 West North Central; Minnesota 1.573,701 877,845 695,916 79.3 34, 927, 773 24,314,240 10,613,533 43.6 17,21.3,817 7,220,739 9,993,078 138.4 lewa 571,224 627,851 -56, 627 -9.0 10,964, 184 18,059,060 -7,094,870 -39.3 5,320,708 5,342,363 -21,655 -0.4 Missouri 7,915 1,727 6,188 358.3 134, 253 28, 969 105,284 363.4 80, 2.15 11,232 69,013 614.4 North Dakota 1.215,811 287,092 928, 719 323.5 26, 365,758 6,752,060 19,613,698 290.5 11,962,036 1,990,082 9, 965, 954 499.3 South Dakota 1,114,531 299,510 815,021 272. 1 22, 396, 130 7,031,700 15,304,370 218.5 10,873,522 2,003,540 8,869,982 442.7 Nebraska 113,571 92, 098 21,473 23.3 1,987,516 2,034.910 -47,394 -2.3 870,846 545, 432 325,414 59.7 Kansas 106, 115 119,158 46,957 39.4 2,221,816 1,474.150 747, 666 50.7 1,079,788 383, 709 096,079 181.4 South Atlantic; Delaware 31 3 28 (') 422 40 382 (') 288 30 258 (') Maryland 4,494 1,515 2,979 196.6 13.5,454 42,. 560 92,894 218.3 79,231 18, 776 60,455 322.0 Virginia 9,890 2,768 7,122 257.3 253,649 53,346 200,303 343.3 179,712 25,007 154,705 618.6 West Virgmia 408 253 155 61.3 8,407 3,660 4,747 129. 7 5,640 1,832 3,808 207.9 North Carolina .504 475 29 6. 1 7,535 4,237 3,298 77.8 6,863 2,335 4,528 193.9 South Carolina 189 281 -92 -32.7 3,483 3,100 377 12.1 4,297 2,899 1,398 48.2 Georgia 44 395 -351 -88.9 655 2,290 -1,635 -71.4 942 2,048 -1,100 -54.0 Florida 1 27 -20 (') 10 320 -310 -96.9 8 318 -310 -97.5 East South Central; Kentucky 2,738 953 1,785 187.3 05,596 17,772 47,824 269. 1 42,929 8,157 34, 772 420.3 Tennessee 2,567 1,590 977 01.4 53,201 21,630 31,505 145.9 35,303 11,273 24,090 213.7 Alabama 41 273 -232 -85.0 372 2,400 -2,028 -84.5 336 1,582 -1,240 -78.8 Mississippi 42 32 10 (') 753 330 423 128.2 543 203 340 167.5 West South Central: Arkansas 82 304 -222 -73.0 1,267 2,809 -1,542 -54. 9 1,136 1,278 -142 -11.1 T • , 1 16 — 16 no -no 61 -01 10,283 > 16, 634 -0,351 -38.2 127,641 a 350,340 -222, 699 -63.0 75,059 2 81,163 -0, 104 -7.5 Texas 3,888 4,380 -492 -11.2 52, 438 80,366 -27.928 -34. 8 31,610 33,354 -1,714 -5.1 Mountain: 27,242 22,848 4,394 19.2 753,208 844, 140 -90.872 -10.8 •178,811 1 341,308 137,503 40.3 i:i2,412 32,798 99,014 303. 7 4,598,292 909,214 3,029,078 374. 4 2, 322, 70,5 312,730 2,009,975 042.7 8,501 1,225 7,330 598.9 189,057 29, 690 1.59, 307 530. 7 1.30, 392 15,375 115,017 748.0 71,411 21,949 49, 402 225. 3 1,889,342 531,240 1,358, 102 255. 6 1, 100,753 240,510 854,243 346.5 2,131 1, 110 1,021 92.0 43, 490 24,107 19, 383 80. 4 35,020 12,475 23, 151 185.0 32,897 16,270 16,027 102.2 1,008,4-12 458, 770 5-19,600 119.8 714,831 223,985 490,849 219.1 Utah 20, 752 8,044 18, 108 209.5 891, -171 2.52, 140 039,331 253.6 472,816 121,820 350, 990 288. 1 12,200 7,04.? 5,157 73.2 412, 149 224,0.35 188,111 84.0 310,394 126,898 183, 496 144.0 Pacific: 171,888 122,298 49,590 40.0 5,8.34,615 3,641,0,50 2, 193,. 5.59 60.2 3,331,930 1,208,480 2,063,450 162. 7 108,847 60, 375 48, 472 80.3 2, 377, 735 1,515,1.50 802,586 50.9 1,513,310 (WO, 945 906,306 119.3 California 1, 195, 1.58 1,029,647 165,511 16. 1 20,441,954 j 25,149,336 1,292,619 5. 1 17. 184,608 10,645,723 6,538,7.85 61.1 > l*cr cent not calculated where base is loss than RM). ^ Includos Indian TerrUory. 389 I^ARM CROPS, BY STATl'.S. RYE-ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus siKn (— ) denotes decreiiso.) Table 29 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Perct. United States 2, 196,561 2,054,292 141, 269 6.9 29, 620, 467 25,668.625 3,951,832 15.5 $20, 421, 812 $12,290,640 $8, 131,272 66.2 Geographic divisions: New England 13,221 18,655 -5,434 -29.1 230,458 317,964 -87,506 -27.5 206,852 178,971 27,881 15. e Middle Atlantic 472, 132 556,431 -84,299 -15.1 6,458,475 7,207,830 -749,355 -10.4 4,959, 172 3,906,606 1,052,566 26.9 East North Central 968,558 676,303 292,255 43.2 13, 443, 196 9, 199,566 4,243,630 46.1 9,011,568 4,381,609 4,629,959 106.7 West North Central 470,582 556,406 -85,824 -15.4 6,907,788 6,798,638 109, 150 1.6 4,216,576 2,700,264 1,516,312 66.2 South Atlantic 157,546 114,319 43,227 37.8 1,322,474 862,549 459,925 53.3 1,106,617 493,519 613,098 124.2 East South Central 50,091 35,985 14, 106 39.2 400, 709 275, 363 125,346 45.5 337, 152 166,526 170, 626 102.5 West South Central 5,926 10,582 -4,656 -44.0 49, 137 104, 627 -55,490 -53.0 41,165 56,281 -15,116 -26.9 Mountain 32, 115 9,519 22,596 237.4 439, 767 123, 458 316,309 256.2 300, 134 64,659 235,475 .364.2 Pacific 25,390 70,092 -50, 702 -66.6 268,453 678,630 -410,177 -60.4 242,576 342, 105 -99,529 -29.1 New England: Maine 292 611 -319 -52.2 4,815 9,290 -4,475 -48.2 4,388 6, 126 -1,738 -28.4 New Hampshire 260 350 -90 -25.7 4,534 6,320 -786 -14.8 4,680 3,529 1,151 32.0 Vermont 1,115 2,264 -1, 149 -50.8 16,689 31,950 -15,261 -47.8 14,533 18,012 -3,479 -19.3 Massachusetts 3,476 4,557 -1,081 -23.7 59, 183 60,294 -1,111 -1.8 52,396 34,291 18, 105 52.8 Rhode Island 477 591 -114 -19.3 7,545 7,710 -165 -2.1 7,007 4,751 2,256 47.5 Connecticut 7,601 10,282 -2,681 -26.1 137, 692 203,400 -65,708 -32.3 123,848 112,262 11,586 las Middle Atlantic: New York 130,540 177,416 -46,876 -26.4 2,010,601 2, 431,670 -421,069 -17.3 1,578,408 1,393,313 185,095 13.3 New Jersey 69,032 68,967 65 0.1 951,271 831,410 119,861 14.4 707,250 442,446 264,804 59.9 Pennsylvania 272,560 310,048 -37,488 -12.1 3,496,603 3,944,750 -448,147 -11.4 2,673,514 2,070,847 602,667 29.1 East North Central: Ohio 67,912 17,583 50,329 286.2 921,919 257, 120 664,799 258.6 636,276 128,072 508,204 396.8 Indiana 83,440 43,562 39,878 91.5 1,121,589 564,300 557,289 98.8 743, 782 266,487 477,295 179.1 Illinois 58,973 78,869 -19,896 -25.2 787,519 1, 104, 670 -317, 151 -28.7 523,374 509,688 13,686 2.7 Michigan 419,020 174,096 244,924 140.7 5,814,394 2, 130,870 3,683,524 172.9 3,944,616 1,033,416 2,911,200 281.7 Wisconsin 339,213 362, 193 -22,980 -6.3 4,797,775 5,142,606 -344,831 -6.7 3,163,520 2,443,946 719,574 29.4 West North Central: Minnesota 266,567 118,869 147,698 124.3 4,426,028 1,866,150 2,559,878 137.2 2,679,987 783,852 1,896,135 241.9 Iowa 42,042 89, 172 -47, 130 -52.9 570,996 1,179,970 -608,974 -51.6 357,220 480,817 -123,597 -25.7 Missouri 20,001 21,233 -1,232 -5.8 205,813 220,338 -14,525 -6.6 156,852 103, 192 53,660 52.0 North Dakota 48,188 27,995 20, 193 72. 1 689,233 368,240 320,993 87.2 411,728 138, 771 272,957 196.7 South Dakota 13,778 39,253 -25,475 -64.9 194,672 454,860 -260, 188 -57.2 115,126 164,860 -49, 734 -30.2 Nebraska 62,827 178,920 -116,093 -64.9 660,631 1,901,820 -1,241,189 -65.3 383, 736 712,759 -329,023 -46.2 Kansas 17,179 80,964 -63,785 —78.8 160,415 807,260 —646,845 -80.1 111,927 316,013 -204,086 -64.6 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,017 1,103 -86 -7.8 11,423 12,380 -957 -7.7 8,169 5,831 2,338 40.1 Maryland 28,093 21,621 6,472 29.9 357,562 279,550 78,012 27.9 252,691 141,433 111,258 78.7 District of Columbia 13 22 -9 (') 190 290 -100 -34.5 135 162 -27 -16.7 Virginia 47,890 31,534 16,356 51.9 438,345 246,834 191,511 77.6 344,241 124, 195 220,046 177.2 West Virginia 15,679 13,758 1,921 14.0 148,676 111,031 37, 645 33.9 122,258 58,784 63,474 108.0 North Carolina 48,685 28,074 20,611 73.4 280,431 133,730 146,701 109.7 269,566 86,228 183,338 212.6 South Carolina 2,958 4,256 -1,298 -30.5 20,631 19,372 1,259 6.5 32, 197 18, 405 13,792 ■ 74.9 Georgia 12,352 13, 185 -833 -6.3 59,937 54,492 5,445 10.0 69,365 52,937 16,428 31.0 Florida 859 766 93 12.1 5,279 4,870 409 8.4 7,995 5,544 2,451 44.2 East South Central: Kentucky 26,813 17,618 9, 195 52.2 255,532 155,365 100, 167 64.5 202,534 88,315 114,219 129.3 Tennessee 22,798 16,556 6,242 37.7 140,925 107,912 33,013 30.6 129,845 68,381 61,464 89.9 Alabama 437 1,708 -1,271 -74.4 3,736 11,123 -7,387 -66.4 4,314 9,075 -4,761 -52.5 Mississippi 43 103 -60 -58.3 516 963 -447 -46.4 459 756 -296 -39.2 West South Central: Arkansas 1,080 2,883 -1,803 -62.5 7,354 19, 125 -11,771 -61.5 6,834 11,428 -4,594 -40.2 Louisiana .' 19 55 -36 (') 193 372 -179 -48.1 236 323 -87 -26.9 Oklahoma 4,291 3 3,660 631 17.2 37,240 2 42,360 -5,120 -12.1 30,364 >17,168 13, 196 76.9 Texas 536 3,984 -3,448 -86.5 4,350 42,770 -38,420 -89.8 3,731 27,362 -23,631 -86.4 Mountain: Montana 6,034 2,003 4,031 201.2 111,214 33, 120 78,094 235.8 82,669 16,546 66, 123 399.6 Idaho 3,295 1,304 1,991 152.7 40,241 16,580 23,661 142.7 28,9/6 8,328 20,648 247.9 Wyoming 1,516 1,006 510 50.7 20, 479 15,580 4,899 31.4 14,791 9,574 5,217 54.5 Colorado 15,715 2,148 13,567 631.6 198,025 26, 180 171,845 656.4 123,530 13,876 109,654 790.2 New Mexico 257 48 209 (>) 2,913 1,064 1,849 173.8 2,650 701 1,949 278.0 Arizona 21 15 6 (■) 261 190 71 37.4 239 157 82 52.2 Utah 5,234 2,866 2,368 82.6 65,754 28,630 37, 124 129.7 46,338 13, 761 32,577 2.36. 7 Nevada 43 129 -86 -66.7 880 2,114 -1,234 -58.4 941 1,716 -775 -45.2 PAcme: Washington 5,450 3,077 2,373 77.1 50, 746 44,945 5,801 12.9 43,974 23,566 20, 408 86.6 Oregon 12,913 10,090 2,823 28.0 147,024 109,234 37,790 34.6 132,756 67,053 65,703 98.0 California 7,027 62,925 -55,898 -88.8 70,683 524,451 -453,768 -86.5 65,846 253, 486 -185,640 -73.8 > Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. = Includes Indian Territory. 390 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE BUCKWHEAT— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. |A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 In 1909.) Table 30 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATIC. 11M)) 139,234 302 138,932 46,003.3 94,486 131 94,355 72,026.7 New Mexico 63,570 138 63,432 45,965.2 543,350 4,473 538,877 12,047.2 392,393 1,778 390,615 21,969.1 California 44,308 20,218 24,090 119.2 938,049 420,452 517,597 123.1 725,704 193,244 532,460 275.5 ' Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 2 includes Indian Territory. ROUGH RICE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES : 1909 AND 1899. (A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Table 33 ACREAGE. production (bushels). VALUE. DIVISION OB STATE. Increase. Increase. Increase. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 1 610, 175 342,214 267,961 78.3 > 21.838,580 9,002,886 12,835,694 142.6 1 $16,019,607 $6,329,562 $9, 690, 045 153.1 Geographic divisions: South Atlantic 27,080 127,369 -100,289 -78.7 713,966 2,470,725 -1,756,759 -71.1 691,372 2,000,996 -1,309,624 -65.5 East South Central 560 4,424 -3,864 -87.3 10,006 59,934 -49,928 -83.3 10, 547 59,455 -48,908 -82.3 West South Central 582,523 210,421 372, 102 170.8 21,114,548 6,472,227 14,642,321 226.2 15,317,648 4,269,111 11,048.537 258.8 South Atlantic: 25 -25 157 -157 94 —94 North Carolina 521 22,279 - 21 , 758 -97.7 11,357 283,900 -272, 549 -96.0 10,269 208, 475 -198,206 -95.1 South Carolina 19,491 77,657 -58, 166 -74.9 541, 570 1,703,602 -1,162,032 -68.2 520,000 1,366,528 -846,528 -61.9 Georgia 6,445 21,998 -15,553 -70.7 148,698 401,963 -253,265 -63.0 145,813 338, 567 -192,754 -56.9 Florida 623 5,410 -4,787 -88.5 12,341 81,097 -68,756 -84.8 15,290 87,3.32 -72,042 -82.5 East South Central: Alabama 279 2,329 -2,050 -88.0 5, 170 33,343 -28, 173 -84.5 5,179 30,891 -25,712 -83.2 Mississippi 281 2,095 -1,814 -86.6 4,836 26,591 -21, 755 -81.8 5,368 28,564 -23, 196 -81.2 West South Central: Arkansas 27, 419 25 27,394 (•) 1,282,830 310 1,282,520 413,709.7 1, 158, 103 235 1,157,868 492,680.9 Louisiana 317,518 201,685 115,833 57.4 10,839,973 6,213,397 4,626,576 74.5 8,053,222 4,044,489 4,008.733 99.1 Texas 237,586 8,711 228,875 2,627.4 8,991,745 258,520 8,733,225 3,378.2 6,106,323 224,387 5,881,936 2,621.4 > Includes 12 acres, 60 bushels, valued at ?40, la states not shown. * Per cent not calculated where base Is less than 100. 392 ABSTRACT OF THE C]^:NSUS— AGRICULTURE. OTHER GRAINS AND SEEDS. According to ordinary usage, the term “grain” refers to the several cereals only, but it is sometimes applied to other seeds also, such as beans and peas and j)ea- nuts. The more comprehensive definition conforms to tlie usage of the Department of Agriculture, which has been adopted by the Census Bureau. Among the other seeds are included flaxseed, grass seed, flower and vegetable seeds, etc. The combined value of the production of the minor grains and seeds, of which the most important are beans, peas, peanuts, flaxseed, grass seed, and flower and vegetable seeds, amounted in 1909 to .197,536,000, representing 1.8 per cent of the total value of all crops, including forest and nur- sery products. The statistics of acreage were not tabulated for grass seeds, or flower and vegetable seeds, chiefly for the reason that in many cases the raismg of these seeds was incidental to the produc- tion of hay and forage crops and of flowers and vege- tables, so that a presentation of the acreage would involve duplication. The total acreage of the minor grains and seeds for which acreage reports were se- cured amounted in 1909 to 5,157,000, or 1.1 per cent of the improved farm land of the country. Dry edible beans. — Table 34 shows the statis- tics for dry edible beans. It does not include beans used green from vegetable gardens nor varieties of beans which are used mainly for feeding animals, such as horse beans, stock beans, and velvet beans, nor castor beans (the total acreage of which is very small). Beans used green from gardens are included with vegetables. The acreage of dry edible beans in 1909 was 802,991, forming only 0.2 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country. The acreage in 1909 was 76.9 per cent greater than in 1899, and the production, which amounted to 11,251,000 bushels in 1909, was considerably more than twice as great. The value of the product increased from .17,634,000 in 1899 to .121,771,000 in 1909, or 185.2 per cent, the average value per bushel having advanced from $1.51 to $1.94. The value of the crop raised in 1909 represented 0.4 per cent of that of all crops. The East North Central division contained more than half of the total acreage of dry edible beans in the country in 1909. Other divisions with large acreages were the Pacific and Middle Atlantic, but in the latter the acreage was less in 1909 than in 1899. The total acreage of the various other kinds of beans (not re})orted as dry edible beans or as beans used green from gardens) was 14,947 in 1909, as com- pared with 25,738 in 1899; the production was .179,733 bushels in 1909 and 143,388 in 1899; and the value $241,060 in 1909, as compared with $134,084 in 1899. DRY EDIBLE BEANS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 34 DIVISION OR ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. STATE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States. . . 802, 991 453, 841 11,251,160 5,064,490 $21, 771, 182 $7, 6.33, 636 OEOGRAPinC Divs.: New England 16,619 16,734 145,111 212,149 432,501 437,110 Middle Atlantic 117,370 131,681 1,696,468 1,387,290 3,723,350 2,517,273 East North Central. 422,256 188,292 5,472,850 2,028,930 10,054,082 2,692,908 W est N orth Central 9,189 12,495 94,841 128,427 199,498 194,441 South Atlantic 25,776 30,492 162,853 373,339 291,885 377,428 East South Central. 18,481 14,110 114,022 126,869 189,809 142,511 West South Central 3,551 5,458 25,052 53,212 45,717 68,574 Mountain 30,847 7,581 200,402 80,852 500,185 153,204 Pacific 158,902 46,998 3,3.39,561 673,422 6,328,455 1,050,187 New England: Maine 10,341 10,252 87,565 137,290 275,334 290,886 New Hampshire 3,180 2,892 22,546 29,990 62,783 62,799 Vermont 2,390 2,404 26,359 27,172 72,873 61,629 Massachusetts 446 629 4,979 7,939 12,383 15;088 Rhode Island 54 216 817 3,330 2,084 6,477 Connecticut 208 341 2,845 6,428 7,045 10,232 Middle Atlantic: New York 115,698 129,298 1,681,506 1,360,445 3,089,064 2,472,668 New Jersey 403 201 2,941 2,888 6,150 5,886 Pennsylvania 1,269 2,182 12,021 23,957 28, 136 38,719 E. North Central: Ohio 1,139 1,828 13,665 19,042 30,082 33,307 Indiana 1,721 2,999 15,238 30,171 30,929 46,281 Illinois 1,153 3,451 6,866 30,122 12,842 46,084 Michigan 403,669 167,0-25 5,282,511 1,806,413 9, 716,. 315 2,361,020 W isconsin 14,574 12,989 154,570 143,182 203,914 206,216 W. North Central: Minnesota 4,697 3,290 02,822 36,317 124,996 49,685 Iowa 615 2,427 5,699 24,903 12,428 38,296 Missouri 1,281 4,376 9,385 45,647 20,354 73,850 North Dakota 544 270 5,073 2,389 12,862 3,872 South Dakota 809 397 5,285 4,218 12,575 6,448 Nebraska 1,173 887 5,941 7,669 14,962 12,805 Kansas 70 848 636 7,284 1,321 9,485 South Atlantic: Delaware 55 100 648 1,333 1,387 1,822 Maryland District of Columbia ' 196 605 1 1,833 4,754 12 3,342 7,038 38 Virginia > 4,777 6,411 29,435 56,189 61,864 66,066 West Virginia ‘ 8,111 5,221 39,794 52,815 81,049 80,494 North CaroUna ‘ 5,521 5,381 35,937 49,518 57,528 50,703 South Carolina ' 1,528 1,657 6,825 14,925 12,778 13,936 Georgia I 2,947 1,927 16,540 17,489 30,018 17,982 Florida 1 2,641 9,189 31,a35 176,304 43,919 139,349 E. South Central: Kentucky ' 12,434 5,633 70,557 49, 106 105,309 .57,672 Tennessee 1 3,398 5,563 19,526 48,736 40,966 57,660 Alabama 1 1,557 1,765 15,212 17,865 19,887 15,. 507 Mississippi 1 1,092 1,149 8,727 11,162 23,647 11,072 W. South Central: Arkansas • 819 1,490 4,080 15,582 6,588 17,046 Louisiana > 311 335 5,557 3,371 6,982 3,948 Oklahoma • 575 2755 2,520 2 0,130 5,942 2 6,928 Texas > 1,846 2,878 12,895 28,129 26,205 40,652 Mountain: Montana 342 101 2,958 1,110 8,511 2,221 Idaho 1,915 457 33,816 5,886 76,314 9,979 W yoming Colorado 273 5,040 26 2,634 1,876 53,926 285 28,570 5,018 128,701 746 49,169 New Mexico 20,766 3,349 85,795 36,022 •232,023 73,001 Arizona 2,301 805 18,457 6,637 44,997 12,700 Utah 196 176 3,352 1,806 10,00(; 4,085 Nevada 14 33 222 536 615 l,.3a3 Pacific: W ashington 353 296 3,311 3,830 9,656 7,034 Oregon 562 841 8,032 11,077 23,342 ■20,567 California 157,987 45,861 3,328,218 '658,515 6,295,457 1,022,586 ■ A con.siderablo amount of this acreage is probal)ly a duplication of other crop acreage. * Includes Indian Territory. Dry peas. —Table 35 presents statistics for dry peas; it does not cover green peas, which are included under “ vegetables.” In 1909 the acreage of dry peas in the United States as a whole was 1,305,099, equivalent to 0.3 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of. the country. Although the acreage reported in 1909 was 34.8 per cent greater than in 1899, the production (7,129,000 bushels) showed a decrease of 24.5 per cent. On ac- FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 393 count of the material increase in the average value per bushel, however, the total value of the crop ad- vanced from $7,909,000 in 1899 to $10,964,000 in 1909, when it constituted 0.2 per cent of the total value of all farm crops. DRY REAS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 35 DIVISION OR STATE. United States Geographic divs.: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut MroDLE Atlantic: New York New Jersey Peimsylvania E. North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin W. North Central: Miimesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida E. South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Or^on California ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1,305,099 968, 370 7, 129, 294 9,440,210 {10,963,739 $7,908,966 824 3,050 7,784 48,130 15,348 58,506 4, 185 15,275 73,358 259,058 121,365 239,095 227, 43C 154,216 2,603,773 2,351,514 3,396,025 1,639,048 27,635 7,943 154,873 96, 144 241,082 106,451 667,705 440,378 2,242,244 3,668,991 3,805,792 2,874,088 203, 22£ 251,851 882, 471 2,099,677 1,560,726 1,962,651 138,902 81,033 678,746 730,703 1,095, 145 766,548 28,598 7,733 328,201 114,180 495, 132 92,708 6,591 6,891 157,844 171,813 233,116 169,871 537 2,300 4,963 35,991 10, 134 44,618 122 146 934 1,533 1,955 2,210 127 408 1,262 6,945 2,092 7,730 30 122 480 2,259 944 2,125 4 45 73 940 102 1,195 4 29 72 462 121 628 4,007 14,748 71,486 251,889 117,558 230,609 91 45 883 806 1,711 868 87 482 989 6,363 2, 100 7,618 323 506 3,041 7,521 5,298 7,410 13,082 533 88,254 7,3.57 133,996 7,348 41,076 12,982 185,020 103,386 273,373 110,554 94,932 71,376 1,162,403 1, 134,431 1,337,430 689, 133 78,017 68,819 1,165,055 1,098,819 1,645,928 824,603 835 670' 14,964 9,021 18,384 9,338 731 1,556 9,007 27,606 11,669 24,473 23,036 5,319 109,357 54,763 180,391 66,701 399 84 5, .543 710 8,368 1,001 1,783 37 10,598 452 11,223 591 26 126 169 1,586 308 2,041 825 15l) 5,235 2,006 10,739 2,306 1,615 sisl 12,521 4,650 25,278 5,086 1 742 9471 5,603 12, 459 11,143 12,725 * 12,091 22,206 66,488 219, 142 127,211 218,477 • 232 323! 1,490 3,613 3,312 3,731 ' 169,934 88, 407, 651,567 876, 167 1,024,228 649, 194 ‘ 265,632 143,070 711,853 1,162,705 1,311,454 859,932 ‘210,315 167,032 736,009 1,130,441 1,204,783 953,241 ‘ 7, 144 17,875 56,713 159,814 98,383 171,702 ' ‘ 8,465 8,394 44,772 83,089 84,514 90,739 ‘ 36,640 82,841 133,924 760,663 245, 434 767,840 ‘ 85,034 91,126 418,007 665,388 660,270 536,793 i ‘ 73,090 69,490 285,768 590,537 570,508 567,279 ‘ 52, 730 31,414 229,444 245,894 376,076 255,709 ; ‘ 33,150 15,190 161,659 146,298 252,362 156,843 ‘ 6,245 a 455 33,282 2 6,049 63,857 2 4,690 1 ‘ 46,777 33,974 254,361 333, 462 402,854 349,306 ^ 1 1,184 1,512 21,670 32,265 37,757 33,273 1 234 170 4,875 2,506 9, 160 4,058 326 13 9,231 232 9,5.52 305 ! 24,230 3,621 258,281 47,461 397,540 29,906 ; ‘ 2,485 2,220 30,829 28,071 35,077 20,365 I 13 50 93 866 293 1,205 ! 126 143 3,222 2,694 5,753 3,504 4 85 92 3,196 3,573 91,032 91,899 116,065 78, 124 436 1,304 9,344 22,615 16,035 21,114 2,959 2,014 57,468 57,299 101,016 70,633 * A considerable amount of this acreage is probably a duplication of other crop acreage. ’ Includes Indian Territory. more apparent than real, ina.smuch as peas are often planted in conjunction with some other crop, and it seems certain that for 1909 the enumerators more fre- quently duplicated such acreage in their reports than they did for 1899. The East South Central and West South Central divisions ranked third and fourth, respec- tively, in acreage and production in 1909. Peanuts.— Table 36 shows that the production of peanuts is practically confined to the southern states. PEANUTS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 36 STATE. ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States... 869, 887 516,654 19, 415, 816 11,964,109 $18,271,929 $7, 270, 515 Alabama 100,609 78,878 1,573, 796 1,021,708 1,490,654 583,223 Arkansas 10, 192 5,233 168,608 78,237 183,364 69,632 California 99 433 2,991 15,461 2,889 12,650 Florida 126, 150 69,452 2,315,089 967,927 2,146,862 699,713 Georgia 160,317 100,589 2,569, 787 1,435,775 2,440,926 035, 749 Kansas 48 225 2,047 4,516 2,669 4,306 Louisiana 25,020 3,107 412,037 45,713 422,232 44,785 Mississippi 13,997 5,853 284, 791 95,738 317,236 89,350 Missouri 130 271 3,220 6,679 4,040 6,407 New Mexico 126 1 1,375 10 2,177 12 North Carolina 195, 134 95,856 5,980,919 3,460, 439 5,368,826 1,852,110 Oklahoma 1,564 ‘ 2,205 31,880 ‘ 50,428 34,984 ‘ 30, 190 South Carolina 7,596 7,162 154,822 131,710 144,211 106,018 Tennessee 18,952 19, 534 547, 240 747,668, 386, 765 392,648 Texas 64,327 10,734 1,074,998 184,860 1,075,110 178,542 Virginia 145,213 116,914 4,284,340 3,713,347j 4,239,832 2,261,148 All other states 413 207 7,876 3,893 9,152 4,032 > Dicludes Indian Territory. The acreage of peanuts in 1909 was 869,887, repre- senting 0.2 per cent of the total improved farm acreage in the country as a whole. In the South the propor- tion of the improved farm acreage' that was devoted to peanuts was 0.6 per cent. The total acreage of peanuts in the United States in 1909 was 68.4 per cent greater than in 1899, and the production in 1909, 19,416,000 bushels, was 62.3 per cent greater than 10 years before. The value of the crop in 1909, $18,272,000, which formed 0.3 per cent of the total value of all crops, was more than two and one-half times as great as that in 1899. The average value per bushel increased from $0.61 to .$0.94. The leading states in the produc- tion of peanuts are North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Florida, and Alabama, in the order named, the acre- age in each of these states in 1909 exceeding 100,000. Other states in which there has been a very marked increase in the acreage of peanuts are Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Flaxseed. — In the United States flax is raised pri- marily for the sake of the seed, much less use being made of the fiber than in some of the other countries The leading division with respect to acreage of dry peas is the South Atlantic, which in 1909 reported more than half of the total, but the production in this division was less in 1909 than that in the East North Central division, which ranked second in acreage. The marked increase reported in the acreage devoted to this crop in the South Atlantic division is probably where this crop is grown. The production of flaxseed, as shown by Table 37, is almost wholl}'" confined to the North Central and Mountain divisions. The total acreage in flax in 1909 was 2,083,142, or 0.4 per cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country, and the total production was 19,513,000 bushels. Both acreage and production in 1909 were 394 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. loss than in 1890, hut the value increased from $19,02r),()0() in 1899 to $28,971,000 in 1909, or 47.0 i)er cent, the average value per hushel increasing from $0.98 to $1.48. In 1909 the value of this crop repre- sented 0..5 per cent of the total for all crops. The values given in the table represent the seed only. The Census Jhireau did not undertake to ascertain the total value of llax straw i)roduced, hut an inquiry was made as to the amount received from sales of llax straw and llax liher, an item which prohahly re])resents approxi- mately the value of the straw produced, since it is used hut little on the farm. The reported receipts from sales of llax straw and liher in 1909 amounted to $90,832. P^LAXSEED— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE.’ Table 37 STATE. ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States. . 2,083,142 2,110,517 19,512,76519,979,492 928,970,554 $19, 624.901 California 240 904 1,882 12,610 1,820' 3,224 10,559 Colorado 2,887 434 13, 462 17,485 1,851 Idaho 81 17, 239 6081 134, 180 916 121,682 Illinois 115 394 1,156 179 4, 336, 1,548 4,705 Indiana 39 171 1,394| 245 1,412 Iowa 15,549 126, 453 140, 906 1,413,380 1,417,7701 182,569 1,380, 102 Kansas Louisiana 45,014 312 192, 167 302,491 2,215 2, 943 327, 402 4,920 4,951 1,262,487 Michigan 261 883 9,309, 10, 108 Miimesota 358,426 566,801 3,277,238 5,895,479, 4,863,328 5,898,556 Missouri 20,630 100,952 154,532 611,888 168, 771 519,929 Montana 37,647 16 447, 484 220 676, 945 268 Nebraska 2,934 7,652 20,647 54,394 30, 135 53, 793 New York 58 159 400 1,350 837 1,485 North Dakota 1,068,049 773, 999 10,245,684 7,766,610 15,488,016 7,735,640 Ohio 552 3,092 4,809 29, 821 0,307 28,935 Oklahoma 1,036 1 3,544 9,093 20, 110 11,345 1 16,622 Oregon 38 2,016 391 8,740 567 8,564 South Dakota 518,566 302,010 4, 759, 794 2, 452,528 7,001,717 2, 422, 269 Washington 1 149 14 850 20 767 Wisconsin Wyoming 9,423 1,110 11, 263 118,793 5,983 2,061 140, 765 167,848 7,858 143,239 All other“states 174 219' 1,938 3 ; 600 1,928 ' Includes Indian Territory. The acreage of flax in North Dakota in 1909 was more than half of the total for the country. South Dakota ranked next and Minnesota third, while no other state had as much as 50,000 acres. Between 1899 and 1909 there was a marked falling off in the acreage of flax hi Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, and Missouri, hut a marked hicrease in North Dakota and South Dakota, and in Montana, where the crop, which was hisignificant in 1899, had hecome of considerable importance m 1909. Grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds. — Table 38 presents statistics of grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds, by states. As already stated, the acreage from which grass seed and flower and vegetable seeds were raised has not been tabulated. In some cases such acreage was not reported, and in many other cases it would represent a duiilication of the acreage rejiorteil for hay and for- age, flowers and plants, and vegetables. The rejiorted production of flower and vegetable seeds doubtless represents chiefly that of farms jiroducing such seeds for sale, small quantities raised by farmers for their own use j)rcsumably being often, if not generally. omitted. Since statements of quantity for all classes of flower and vegetable seeds combined would obvi- ously have no significance, only the total value of these seeds is shown in Table 38. For the country as a whole the value in 1909 was $1,411,000. The most impor- tant states in the production of such seeds in 1909 were California, Illinois, New York, and Ohio. GRASS SEED AND FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS. Table 38 GRASS SEED. FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS. STATE. Production (bushels). Value. Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States.. 6,671,348 4. 865, 078 $15,137,683 $8,228,417 $1, 411, 01$ $82$, 019 New England; Maine 527 936 1,544 3,810 950 3,082 New Hampshire 142 47 556 121 1,319 855 Vermont 601 168 1,538 296 2,670 463 Massachusetts 3,397 167 4, 163 387 291 40,692 Khode Island 19 536 39 1,235 2,564 1,900 Connecticut 765 314 2,429 248 37,302 44, 181 Middle Atlantic; New York 17,879 11,449 88, 239 47,790 72,991 54,148 New Jersey 12, 804 24, 454 5, 187 14, 799 2,795 53,300 43, 191 Pennsylvania 50, 122 116, 108 182,500 36,316 104,229 E. Noeth CentRjU,: Ohio 288, 605 388, 721 1,352, 136 1,418,689 67,303 33,989 Indiana 165, 488 525, 145 785,041 1,820, 149 8,414 8,502 Illinois 1,289,996 552, 705 1, 719, 420 650, 463 194,626 71, 456 Michigan 151,567 88,541 964, 655 315,000 44, 106 28,700 Wisconsin 262,301 141,766 1,499,401 446, 730 42,583 15,336 W. North Central: Minnesota 945, 666 561,973 1, 496, 438 529,301 6,645 9,249 Iowa 1,118,044 1,292,072 1,721,289 1, 215, 763 4,853 6,044 Missouri 257, 872 278, 497 756, 445 423,395 17,726 15,416 North Dakota 74, 162 14, 645 99, 024 10,054 1,075 653 South Dakota 424,623 120, 423 80, 196 49, 972 594, 570 451,347 30, 141 69, 782 25,914 Nebraska 39; 737 77, 495 Kansas 324, 231 281,388 796, 397 292, 597 20,827 44, 431 South .■Vtlantic: Delaware 5,878 3,515 29,928 14,290 507 1,861 Maryland 15,080 11,100 72, 785 46,780 40,600 8,792 7,183 Virginia 49,031 25, 104 74, 979 5,583 3,384 West Virginia 2,645 4,384 8, 726 4,963 16, 109 190 750 North Carolina 2,071 1,646 3,921 2,501 8,382 South Carolina 314 221 459 243 91 505 Georgia 2, 197 506 2.508 442 975 3,669 Florida 1, 136 37 4,290 37 200 3,622 E. South Central: Kentucky 612, 406 278, 680 538, 219 198, 793 15,658 8,668 Tennessee 58,486 84, 366 92,386 104,477 1,568 458 Alabama 537 876 1,110 1,027 240 1,510 Mississippi 361 509 1,028 1,032 19 153 W. South Centr.al: Arkansas 1,180 500 4,893 2,039 836 2,447 Louisiana 11,268 271 30,343 500 3,083 5,000 Oklahoma 25,825 1 4,813 149,070 >3,332 7,253 i 4,835 To-xas 21,351 20, 492 39, 135 13,974 22,932 2,901 Mountain: Montana 14, 204 30, 463 1,226 96, 103 172,012 3,682 760 Idaho 3,505 13 ; 785 5,398 250 W'yoming Colorado 17,411 5,080 85,120 20,206 275 75 51,208 13,635 162, 822 53,295 13,395 11,113 New Mexico Arizona 9,092 22, 698 45 1,752 46, 935 156, 840 313,814 320 6,958 127,988 151 Utah 52, 604 35 ; 367 700 10,330 Nevada 530 157 3,363 938 10 900 Pacu'IC: Washington 3,. 355 837 9,388 . 1,.546 37,571 11,687 10,448 Oregon 151,016 26,3&5 364,852 21,460 6,089 California 25,535 15,522 206, 034 69,397 594, 724 121,896 > Includes Indian Territory. Table 39 shows, by geographic divisions, for 1909 and 1899, the total (luantity and value of grass seed produced, and also, for 1909, the production and value of the leading classes. The acreage of gi’ass seed is not shown, for the reason that in most cases it would involve duplication of the acreage rejiorted for the grasses themselves under hay and forage crojis. The total value of the grass seed jirodiiced in 1909 was $15,138,000, which constitutes 0.3 per cent of the FARM CROPS; total value of farm crops and represents an increase of 84 per cent over the value in 1899. Much the larger part of the production of grass seed, considered as a grouj), was reported from the West and East North Central divisions. As measured by value, clover seed BY STATES. 395 is the most important kind of grass seed, followed by timothy and alfalfa. The lilast North Central division leads in the j)roduction of clover seed, the West North Central in that of timothy seed and millet seed, and the Mountain in that of alfalfa seed. GRASS SEED— PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 39 DIVISION. United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central . South Atlantic East South Central . . West South Central. Mountain Pacific ALL GRASS SEED. CLASSES OF GRASS seed; 1909 Production (bushels). Value. Clover. Timothy. Alfalfa. Millet. All other. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Produc- tion (bush- els). Value, Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). Value. 6,671,348 5, 451 55, 137 4,865,078 2, 168 66, 758 $15,137,683 10,269 219, 146 $8, 228, 417 6,097 233,085 1,025,816 500 $6, 925, 122 2,966 164,201 2,878,790 1,715 27,969 $4,018,951 3,868 47,280 263,328 $2, 051, 840 588,270 3,014 3,483 $491, 566 2,925 1,915, 144 222 $1,650,204 510 22, 109 247 2,479 3,405 1,329 1,029,393 1.781 2. 157, 957 1,696,878 6,320,653 4,651,031 746,820 5,021,888 345, 471 558,557 1,058 5, 105 35,215 26,282 708,821 3,265,021 2,558,743 5,915,510 2,571,033 202,259 1,373,395 2,455,911 3,329, 264 85,801 713,339 423,778 338,349 97,272 161,163 78, 352 46,513 198,638 122, 422 17,365 115,078 13,628 21,456 2 20 2,293 2, 943 45, 064 59, 141 671,790 364,431 632,743 305, 329 8,200 58,408 14,159 17,052 64 516 49,534 52,308 599,833 504, 459 59,624 26, 076 223, 441 1,037,009 19,845 2,118 11,375 1,497 2,345 1,5. 194 147,685 29, 166 32,890 11,649 29,146 198,110 60, 767 227, 172 7,931 55,204 15,106 32, 439 128,913 911,708 41,699 32,294 4, 461 5,364 179,906 42, 744 580, 274 92, 403 18,514 122,607 3,334 6,690 32,049 270,988 88 170 125,921 179,819 Minor seeds. — Table 40 shows, for 1909, the acreage, quantity, and value of the minor seeds produced in the United States as a whole and in the states which lead in the production of each kind. Mustard seed is used mainly as a condiment and sunflower seed probably largely for poultry feed, but the other classes of seeds are for the most part raised for the purpose of planting. It is probable that the quantities reported do not represent the entire production of these classes of seeds, as they were not listed by name in the census schedule. The combined acreage of all these classes of seeds in 1909 was only 81,308, and the total value S769,000. Of the total acreage reported, 72,497 were devoted to sorghum cane seed. The quantity pro- duced was reported to be 833,707 bushels, valued at $544,322. Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Oklahoma lead in production. It is believed that in most cases the acreage shown in this table for seeds is separate from and additional to the acreage of the corresponding products, and therefore does not involve duplication. MINOR SEEDS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE; 1909. Table 40 KIND OF SEED AND STATE. -Vereage. Production (bushels). Value. Total 81,308 $768, 625 544,322 Sorghum cane seed, total 72, 497 833,707 Colorado 704 9,147 5,799 Illinois 155 3,122 1,884 Kansas 53, 706 656, 522 404,329 Missouri 456 6,054 4,775 Nebraska 7,209 83,134 46,899 New Mexico 193 1,021 1,248 Oklahoma 4,250 30, 435 23,079 Texas 5,483 38,683 50,255 All other states 341 5,589 6,054 Mustard seed: California 1,964 1 3,168,270 100,731 Sunflower seed, total 4,731 63, 677 58,318 California 257 6,855 6,264 Illinois 3,969 49,004 44,539 Indiana 430 6,330 5,894 All other states 75 1,488 1,621 Hemp seed: Kentucky .563 5, 416 20,007 Chufas seed: (ieorgia 481 12,531 28, 194 Broom com seed, total 1,071 6,833 14, 752 Illinois 30 1,011 5,050 New Mexico 184 583 1,627 Texas 702 1,216 3,404 All other states 155 4,023 4,671 Tobacco seed, total 1 >,389 1,789 Pennsylvania (“) >200 1,400 All otlier states 1 >189 389 (’) 512 • Expressed in pounds. ’ Less than 1 acre. 3 Includes golden seal seed and anise seed. 396 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. HAY AND FOEAGE. Tlic iicrcafTC devoted to hay and forage (Table 42) in 1909 was 72,281,000 and in 1899 was 61,691,000, repre- senting an increase of 17.2 ])er cent. During the same period the j)roduction increased from 79,252,000 tons in 1899 to 97,454,000 in 1909, or 23 per cent, while the value of the crop reported in 1909 was $824,000,000, or 70.2 per cent greater than that reported in 1899, $484,000,000. In 1909 hay and forage occupied 15.1 per cent of all improved farm land and contributed 15 per cent of the total value of all crops. A map on page 385 shows the distribution of the hay and forage acreage among the states. The hay and forage acreage in 1909 was equal to 37.8 per cent of that devoted to all cereals and 73.5 per cent of that occupied by corn alone, but was much larger than that of any of the other cereals. It was equivalent to 15.1 per cent of the improved farm land of the country, but it may be noted that, particularly in the regions west of the Mississippi River, considerable hay is harvested on land which has never been under the plow and which is probably mostly reported as unimproved land. Of the hay and forage acreage reported in 1900 over one-third was in the West North Central division. This division has an acreage nearly twice as great, as the East North Central, which ranks second, and over three times as great as the Middle Atlantic, wliich ranks tliird. Among the states with a large acreage Iowa and New York are almost equally important, each having in excess of 5,000,000 acres. One other state, Nebraska, has over 4,000,000 acres, eight other states over 3,000,000 acres, four more over 2,000,000 acres, and seven have between 1 ,000,000 and 2,000,000 acres. The crop is thus more widely distributed than any cereal crop. Table 41 gives the share of each geograplxic division and of the more important states in the hay and for- age acreage, and the percentage which the acreage of this crop forms of the total improved land in farms in each division and state, together with the average yield per acre and the average value per ton and per acre. Each of the 1 1 states here listed had at least 4 per cent of the total hay and forage acreage in the United States for 1909, and together they contained 58.9 per cent of this total. In only 3 of these states, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas, does the proportion of improved land in farms which is devoted to hay and forage fall below the average for the United States. In New York the acreage of hay and forage is equal to about one- third of the improved land in farms, in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania to practically one-fourth, and in South Dakota and Minnesota to about one-fifth. During the decade the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions lost slightly in acreage, but in the other divisions the gains, both absolute and relative, were for the most part considerable. In the two divisions wliich lost in acreage there was a decrease in all the states except Vermont. In those divisions which had a gi’cater acreage in 1909 than in 1899 the only states which did not share in the increase were Indiana and Kansas. Table 41 DIVISION OR STATE. acreage: 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN TONS PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PER TON. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States. . . New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific 100.0 5.3 11.8 20.4 37.9 4.0 3.4 4.5 6.9 5.8 15.1 52.3 29.1 16.6 16.7 5.9 5.7 5.6 31.2 19.1 1.35 1.23 1.32 1.38 1.33 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.73 1.73 1. 28 1.13 1.19 1.22 1.34 1.02 1.03 1.48 1.59 1.44 $8. 46 12.69 11.56 9.00 5.82 12. 97 11.55 8.80 7.73 10.20 $5. 76 9. 48 8.97 6.26 3.48 9.06 8.39 3.98 5.15 6.31 $11. 40 15.57 15.31 12.52 7. 71 13.25 11.92 9.09 13.38 17.69 $7. 85 10.78 11.08 8.57 4.78 13.38 10.03 6.15 8.21 9.06 Iowa 7.0 17.1 1.55 1.42 7.59 4.38 11.76 6.46 New York 7.0 34.0 1.40 1.23 10.96 8.65 15.34 10. 72 Nebraska 6.3 18.5 1.28 1.24 5. 49 3. 19 7.02 3.98 Kansas 5.5 13.2 1.50 1.63 5. 40 2.56 8.09 4.27 Minnesota 5.5 20.1 1.53 1.37 4. 43 3.31 6. 77 4.62 Missouri 5.0 14.8 1.13 1.17 8. 27 4.73 9.33 5.88 South Dakota 4.8 21.7 1.06 1.04 4. 18 2.50 4.44 2.60 Illinois 4.6 11.9 1.30 1.18 9.31 6. 01 12.11 7.65 Ohio 4.0 17.2 1.37 1.20 9. 37 6.93 12.81 9.63 Pennsylvania 4.3 24.4 1.19 1.15 12.41 9.33 14. 77 11.47 Wisconsin 4.3 25.9 1.62 1.37 8.17 5. 25 13.27 8.03 Tlie average yield of hay and forage per acre in the United States in 1909 was 1.35 tons. Tliis average was exceeded considerably in the Mountain and Pacific divisions, but of the more easterly divisions only the East North Central showed a yield larger than the average. The average }deld jier acre in the country as a whole was slightly greater in 1909 than in 1899. In one division only, the West South Cen- tral, was the yield appreciably smaller in 1909, though in three, the West North Central, East South Central, and South Atlantic, it was the same or practically the same in the two years. In only two of the states named in the table, Kansas and Missouri, was the yield jier acre smaller in 1909 than 10 years earlier. As the result of the increases in acreage or in yield per acre there was, in- every division except the West South Central, an increase in the total yield. In that diUsion the falling off in average yield more than balanced the eirect of the increased acreage. In the New England and the Middle Atlantic divisions larger crops were harvested in 1909 than in 1899, in spite of a decrease in acreage. In the East North ( Vntral, Mountain, and Pacific divisions the percentages of increase in production were greater than those in acreage. In the West North Central division, where the largest crop was harvested, and in the East South (kmtral and South Atlantic divisions the relative gain in production follows closely that in acreage. The unfavorable conditions in the Southwest are retlected by a decreased production in Oklahoma and Texas, where the acreage increased. In Kansas there was a relative decrease in jiroduction greater than that in acreage. 397 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. RAY AND FORAGE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VA[>UE, RY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1009 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) (lonot(!S docrcasi!.) Xnbln 4« ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (TONS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. 1899 Increase. 1909 18!>9 Increase. 19 ()!t 1899 Increase. Amount. Perct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. United States 72,280,776 61,691.069 10,589,707 17.2 97,453,736 79,251,562 18,202^173 23,0 $824,004,877 $484,254,703 $339, 750, 174 70.2 Geooraphic divlsion.s: New England 3, 797, 598 4,0.50,025 -252, 427 -6.2 4, 659, 906 4, 576, 805 83, 041 1,8 59,112, 700 4.3,602, 239 15, 450,461 35.4 Middle Atlantic 8, 532, 793 8, 869, 016 -336,223 -3.8 11,302,178 10,551,440 750, 732 7.1 1.30, 611,620 98,207, 195 32, 314, 425 32.9 East North Central 14, 750, 878 13, 528, 065 1, 222, 813 9.0 20, 391, 562 16,462,276 3,929,280 23.9 184, 707, 528 115,904, 044 68, 803, 484 59.4 West North Central 27,398,258 22, 147, 977 5,250,281 23.7 30, 320, 167 29, 696, 529 0, 629, 638 22.3 211,305,443 10.5, 902, 362 105, 343, 081 99.4 South Atlantic 2,856, 398 2, 161, 201 095, 197 32.2 2, 917, 870 2,194,115 723, 755 33.0 37,836,676 28, 926, 431 8, 910, 245 30.8 East South Central 2, 487, 554 1,513,370 974, 184 64.4 2, 565, 716 1,563, 909 1, 001, 807 64.1 29,644,661 16,079,741 13, 564, 920 84.4 West South Central 3,276,291 2, 370, 292 905,999 38.2 3, 383, 010 3, 519,416 -136,406 -3.9 29, 783, 321 14, 583, 492 15, 199, 829 104.2 Mountain 4, 965, 543 3, 582, 560 1, 382, 983 38.6 8, 600, 736 5, 707, 443 2,893,293 50.7 06, 442, 108 29, 424, 695 37, 017, 413 125.8 Pacific 4,215,463 3, 468, 563 746, 900 21.5 7, 306, 590 4, 979, 563 2, 327, 027 46.7 74, 560, 820 31,414,504 43, 140, 316 137.3 New England: Maine 1, 255, on 1,270,254 -15,243 -1.2 1, 113, 095 1, 133, 932 -20,837 -1.8 15,115,821 10, 641, 546 4, 474, 275 42.0 New Hampshire 529, 817 615,042 -85, 225 -13.9 582, 454 653, 265 -70,811 -10.8 7, 846, 143 6, 336, 252 1, 509, 891 23.8 V’ermont 1,030,618 1, 006, 375 24,243 2.4 1,502, 730 1, 329, 972 172, 758 13.0 16, 335, 530 10, 544, 825 5, 790, 70 S 54.9 Massachusetts 519, 503 610,023 -90, 520 -14.8 831, 955 848, 9.50 -16,995 -2.0 11,280,989 9, 056, 854 2,224,135 24.6 Rhode Island 61, 327 69, 776 -8,449 -12.1 80, 306 75, 410 4,896 6.5 1,309,717 1, 081, 482 228,235 21.1 Connecticut 401, 322 478, 555 -77, 233 -16.1 549, 366 535, 330 14,030 2.6 7,224,500 6,001,280 1,223,220 20.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 5,043, 373 5, 154, 965 -111,592 -2.2 7,055,429 6, 319, 475 735, 954 11.6 77, 360, 645 55,237,440 22, 123, 199 40.1 New Jersey 401,315 444,610 -43, 295 -9.7 569,442 465, 137 104, 305 22.4 7, 627, 402 5,544,970 2, 082, 432 37.6 Pennsylvania 3,088, 105 3, 269, 441 -181, 336 -5.5 3, 677, 307 3, 766, 834 -89, 527 -2.4 45, 623, 573 37, 514, 779 8, 108, 794 21.6 East North Central: Ohio 3, 306, 461 3, 015,261 291,200 9.7 4, 521, 409 3, 629, 722 891, 687 24.6 42, 357, 364 29, 047, 532 13,309,832 45.8 Indiana 2, 300, 579 2, 442, 414 -141, 835 -5.8 2, 880, 104 2,905,608 -25,504 -0.9 24, 883, 461 20, 227, 197 4,656,264 23.0 Illinois 3,349,435 3,343,910 5,525 0.2 4,354,466 3, 948, 563 405,903 10.3 40, 560, 220 25,568,619 14, 991, 001 58.6 Michigan 2, 715, 301 2,328,498 386, 803 16.6 3, 632, 939 2,703,214 929, 725 34.4 36,040,087 21, 792, 987 14, 247, 100 05.4 Wisconsin 3, 079, 102 2,397,982 681, 120 28.4 5,002,644 3,275,169 1,727,475 52.7 40,866,396 19, 207, 709 21, 598, 687 112.1 West North Central: Minnesota 3, 946, 072 3,157,690 788, 382 25.0 0,036,747 4, 339, 328 1, 697, 419 39.1 26, 724, 801 14, .585, 281 12, 139, 520 83.2 Iowa 5, 046, 185 4, 649, 378 396, 807 8.5 7, 823, 181 6, 600, 169 1,223,012 18.5 59, 360, 225 30, 042, 246 29, 317, 979 97.6 Missouri 3,628,348 3, 481, 506 146,842 4.2 4, 091, 342 4,062, 199 29, 143 0.7 33, 845, 094 20, 467, 501 13, 377, 593 65.4 North Dakota 2,864,218 1, 410, 534 1, 453, 684 103.1 3, 010, 401 1, 747, 390 1,263, 011 72.3 12, 368, 014 5, 182, 917 7, 185, 097 138.6 South Dakota 3, 435, 656 2, 287, 875 1, 147, 781 50.2 3, 651, 024 2,378, 392 1,272,632 53.5 15. 243, 664 5, 954, 229 9, 289,435 156.0 Nebraska 4,520,034 2, 823, 652 1, 696, 382 60.1 5,776,475 3, 502, 380 2,274,095 64.9 31,729,691 11,230,901 20, 498, 790 182.5 Kansas 3, 957, 745 4, 337, 342 -379,597 -8.8 5,936,997 7,066,671 -1,129,674 -16.0 32,033,954 18, 499, 287 13, 534, 067 73.2 South Atlantic: Delaware 80, 669 74, 800 5,869 7.8 103,575 79, 303 24,272 30.6 1, 174, 473 989, 848 184,625 18.7 Maryland 398, 842 374, 848 23,994 6.4 477, 564 415, 197 62,367 15.0 6,011,749 4, 709, 072 1,302,677 27.7 District of Columbia 962 1,228 -266 -21.7 2, 148 2, 241 -93 -4.2 25,633 22,772 2,861 12.6 Virginia 773, 577 612, 962 160,615 26.2 823, 383 627,979 195, 404 31.1 10,256,998 7,670,082 2,580,916 33.7 West Virginia 708, 900 601, 935 106, 965 17.8 639, 104 541,084 98,020 18.1 7,492,747 5, 517, 073 1, 975, 674 35.8 North Carolina 375, 795 229, 998 145, 797 63.4 369, 332 246,820 122, 512 49.6 4,781,502 4, 242, 561 539,001 12.7 South Carolina 209, 767 106, 124 103, 643 97.7 180, 131 108,886 77,245 70.9 3, 189, 122 2, 304,734 884, 388 38.4 Georgia 253, 157 137, 312 115, 845 84.4 261,333 150,224 111, 109 74.0 4,056, 907 3,034,992 1,021,915 33.7 Florida 54,729 21, 994 32, 735 148.8 55,300 22, 381 32, 919 147.1 847, 485 435, 297 412, 188 94.7 East South Central: Kentucky 966, 377 683, 139 283,238 41.5 957,241 655,006 302, 175 46.1 10,306,344 0, 100, 647 4,205,697 68.9 Tennessee 1,052,816 645, 617 407, 199 63.1 1,077,836 679, 450 398, 386 58.6 12,617,538 6,811,577 5,805,961 85.2 Alabama 238,656 85,353 153, 303 179.6 251, 403 100,061 151,342 151.2 3,357, 132 1,707,638 1,649,494 96.6 Mississippi 229, 705 99,261 130,444 131.4 279, 236 129,332 149, 904 115.9 3,363,647 1,459,879 1,903,768 130.4 West South Central: Arkansas 435, 915 239, 426 196, 489 82.1 461,817 271,616 190, 201 70.0 4, 887, 139 1,913,103 2,973,976 155.4 Louisiana 180, 811 97, 1.36 83, 075 86.1 245, 815 163, 443 82,372 50.4 2, 433, 101 1,353,118 1, 079, 983 79.8 Oklahoma 1,347,598 1 1, 095, 706 251, 892 23.0 1,417,533 1 1,617,905 -200, 372 -12.4 9, 638, 648 1 4, 022, 761 5,015,887 139.6 Texas 1,311,967 938, 024 373,943 39.9 1,257,845 1,466,452 -208, 607 -14.2 12, 824, 433 7,294,450 5, 529, 983 75.8 Mountain: Montana 1, 135,376 875, 712 259, 664 29.7 1,692,656 1, 059, 268 633, 388 59.8 12, 344, 006 5, 974, 850 6,309,756 106.6 Idaho 732, 886 513, 656 219,230 42.7 1, 584, 365 899, 125 685,240 76.2 12, 099, 963 4, 238, 993 7, 860, 970 185.4 Wyoming 585, 386 380, 769 204,617 53.7 853, 515 462, 101 391,414 84.7 6,077,354 2,332,028 3,745,326 160.6 Colorado 1,285,064 952,214 332, 850 35.0 2, 241, 566 1, 643, 347 598,219 36.4 17, 282,276 8,159,279 9, 122, 997 111.8 New Mexico 368, 409 87,358 281,051 321.7 431, 053 195, 324 235, 729 120.7 4, 469, 709 1,427,317 3,042,392 213.2 Arizona 102, 490 92, 674 9,810 10.6 259, 750 177,504 82, 246 46.3 2, 553, 228 1, 362, 112 1,191,116 87.4 Utah 405, 394 388,043 17, 351 4.5 1, 015, 913 850, 962 164,951 19.4 7, 429, 901 3, 862, 820 3,567,081 92.3 Nevada 350,538 292, 134 58,404 20.0 521, 918 419, 812 102, 106 24.3 4,185,071 2,067,290 2, 117, 775 102.4 Pacific: Washington 742, 137 497, 139 244, 998 49.3 1, 391, 664 826, 897 564,767 68.3 17, 147,648 5,831,088 11,316,560 194.1 Oregon 939, 979 731, 823 208, 156 28.4 1, 587, 796 1,117, 400 470, 396 42.1 15,225, 957 6,147,018 9, 078, 939 147.7 California 2,533,347 2, 239, 601 293, 740 13.1 4,327,130 3, 035, 206 1,291,864 42.6 42,187.215 19, 436, 398 22,750,817 117.1 Includes Indian Territory. 398 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. A considerable increase is noted in the average value per ton in 1909 ($8.40) as compared with 1899 ($5. 70), and this combined with a larger yield per acre resulted in an even greater advance in the value of the crop ])er acre. As a result of this fact, together with the large increase in acreage, the total value of the hay and forage croj) in 1909 was greatly in excess of that in 1899, representing an increase of $339,750,000, or 70.2 l)er cent. Tlie component elements of the hay and forage crop and their distribution among the several geographic divisions are exhibited in Table 43. ' Tultic 43 ACREAGE OF HAY AND FORAGE AND THE CLASSES THEREOF; liMW DIVISION on SECTION. All hay and forage. Timothy alone. Timothy and clover mixed. Clover alone. Alfalfa. Millet or Hungarian grass. Other lame or cultivated grasses. Wild, salt, or prairie grasses. Grains cut green. Coarse forage. Root forage. United States New England Middle Atlantic Esust North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Centra] Mountain Pacific 72,280,776 3,797,598 8,532,793 14,750,878 27,398,258 2,856,398 2, 487, 554 3, 27C, 291 4,965,543 4,215,463 14,686,393 595,037 2,306,312 6, 192, 134 3,942,465 650, 159 473,619 48, 779 335,699 142, 189 19,542,382 1,750, 188 4,818,714 5,508,367 5,571,387 917,313 428, 163 79, 774 228,273 234, 203 2,443,263 15,097 158,532 1,108,404 546,537 148,312 287,307 28,853 23,310 60,851 4,707,146 1,255 41,064 90,220 1,778,369 8,710 41,784 290, 157 1,755,526 099, 461 1,117,769 32,625 26,285 78, ,322 581,212 30,423 122,550 183,046 59,595 3,711 4,218,957 1,100,999 049,080 290,262 464,071 390, 176 574, 795 239,018 330,559 179,991 17,186,522 99,908 108,292 588,000 12,950,493 104,800 119,025 1,064,778 1,645,734 499,360 4,324,878 79,404 72, 228 166,318 242,044 506, 161 340, 829 305,297 275,606 2,336,991 4,034,432 116,623 350,697 666,620 1,314,807 100, 141 99,404 1,036,556 302,926 46,658 19,034 402 983 2, 165 873 203 18 33 8,315 6,042 The North 54,479,527 13,035,948 17,654,656 1,888,570 1,911,508 718,444 2,504,418 13,752,819 559,994 2,448,747 4,423 The South 8,620,243 1,172,557 1,425,250 404,532 340.651 336,019 1,203,989 1,288,603 1,152,287 1,236, 101 254 The West 9,181,006 477, 888 462,476 90, 161 2,454,987 63,306 510,550 2, 145,100 2,612,597 349,584 14,357 East ol the Missussippi 32,425,221 10,217,261 13,428,745 1,777,712 183,633 290,205 3,005,318 1,020, 151 1,164,940 1,333,485 3,771 West of the Mississippi 39,855,555 4, 409, 132 6,113,637 665,551 4,523,513 827,564 1,213,639 16, 106,371 3,159,938 2, 700, 947 15,263 The most prominent classes included in the table are, in the order of importance as measured by acreage, timothy and clover mixed, “wild, salt, or prairie grasses,” “timothy alone,” alfalfa, grains cut green, “other tame or cultivated grasses,” and coarse forage. The table brings out clearly the predominance of the North in the growing of hay and forage, the area devoted to these crops being over six times as great in the North as in the South. In the West, also, a somewhat larger area is devoted to these crops than in the South. The predommance of the North is evident in the case of each of the individual crops except alfalfa, grains cut green, and root forage, which are more extensively grown in the West than else- where; these crops, together with “wild, salt, or prairie grasses,” are the only hay and forage crops that cover a greater acreage in the West than in the South. In the West South Central division there is a considerable acreage of “wild, salt, or prairie Potatoes (Table 46). — Potatoes were harvested in 1909 from 3,669,000 acres, as compared with 2,939,000 acres in 1899, an increase of 24.8 per cent. On the other hand, the production of potatoes increased 42.4 per cent, being in 1909, 389,000,000 bushels, and in 1899, 273,000,000 bushels, while the value of the crop increased in still greater degree, from .$98,000,000 in 1899 to $166,000,000 in 1909, or 69.2 per cent. The crop occupied 0.8 per cent of the total acreage of im- proved farm land in 1909, and represented 3 per cent of the value of ail crops. There is a considerable acreage of potatoes in each of the geographic divi- sions, but more than three-fourths of the entire acre- age is in the four northern divisions. Among the states. New York has the largest acreage, closely fol- lowed by Michigan. grasses” and about the same acreage of coarse forage, which, however, forms a much larger proportion of the total, causing the division to rank second in the acreage of the latter crop. More than half of the entire acreage in hay and forage is west of the Mississippi River, but the indi- vidual crops are quite differently tlistributed. East of the Mississippi is found by far the greater part of the acreage devoted to timothy alone, clover alone, timothy and clover mixed, and “other tame or cul- tivated grasses.” These classes cover an aggregate of 40,891,000 acres, of which 28,429,000 are east of the Mississippi River. Of the other hay and forage crops included in this table, the greater part of the acreage is west of the Mississippi River. This excess is considerable in the case of the important group of “wild, salt, or j)rairie grasses” and of alfalfa, but is not so marked for the other hay and forage crops. The increase in the acreage of potatoes between 1899 and 1909 for the United States as a whole was 730,000 acres, or 24.8 per cent, in which increase all divisions shared to some extent. Both in the East North Central and in the West North Central divisions there were nearly 150,000 acres added to the area har- vested. Conspicuous gains in aggregate acreage are also noted in the Mountain, South Atlantic, and Racilic divisions. The percentage of increase in potato acreage is greatest in the Mountain division, where the acreage more than doubled. The four divisions constituting the North increased their potato acreage less rapidly than the rest of the country. 'Phe New England division is the only one in this section in which the rate of increase for the decade was greater than I.ess than one-tenth of 1 per rent. 2 Not calculated because of unimportance of crop. It will be noted that the South Atlantic division is the only geographic division in which these crops are grown on as much as one-half of 1 per cent of the improved farm land. An average yield of 92.4 bushels per acre was reported for the country as a whole in 1909. This was exceeded in the leading division, the South Atlantic, but was not attained in either of the other southern divisions, where the acreage was con- siderable. In both the South Atlantic and the East South Central divisions the yield per acre was greater in 1909 than in 1899. Better prices were obtained in 1909 than in 1899, and this, combined with larger aver- age yields, brought about a considerably higher value per acre for the crop, which was common to all divisions. 400 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE POTATOES— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.) Table 'IG ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (BUSHELS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. lUOl) 1,899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Perct. United States 3,668, 855 2,938,778 730, 077 24. 8 389, 194,965 273,318.167 115, 876, 798 42.4 $166,423,910 $98, 380, 110 $68. 043, 800 69.2 Geographic divi.sions: Now England 2.33,095 180,025 53,070 29.5 41,245,977 23,406,222 17,779,755 75.8 17,456,938 10,092,191 7,364,747 73.0 Middio Atlantic 729, 323 076, 403 52,920 7.8 78,395,736 64,372,759 14,022,977 21.8 37,292,509 26,008,645 10,683,864 40.1 East North Central 1,100,032 957,193 148,839 15.5 111,606,777 80,988, 131 30,618,046 37.8 37,427,211 25,501,069 11,926,142 46.8 West North Central 783,813 637, 184 140,629 23.0 72,067,551 00,812,316 11,255,235 18.5 30,088,015 15,524,932 14,503,083 93.8 South Atlantic 239,702 157,481 82,281 52.2 22,102,630 12,150,748 9,951,882 81.9 14,091,735 6,691,072 7,400,603 110.6 East South Central 119,541 80, 138 39,403 49.2 9,816,100 5,051,854 4,764,306 94.3 5,940,784 2,647,924 3,292,800 124.4 West South Central 117,701 72,876 44,835 01.6 7,413,887 4,867,562 2,546,325 52.3 5,439,504 2,428, 721 3,010,783 124.0 Mountain 109,078 80,226 89,452 111.5 24,232,109 9,046,736 15,185,373 167.9 8, 715,380 3,725,046 4, 990, ,334 134.0 Pacific 109,8.50 97,252 72,598 74.6 22,314,138 12,561,839 9,752,299 77.6 9,971,834 5,160,510 4,811,324 93.2 New England: Maine 135,799 71,765 64,034 89.2 28,556,837 9,813,748 18,743,089 191.0 10,224,714 3,711,999 6,512,715 175.5 New Hampshire 17,370 19,422 -2,052 -10.6 2,360,241. 2,420,068 -60, 427 -2.5 1,204,626 1,090, 495 114,131 10.5 Vermont 20, 859 28,353 -1,494 -5.3 4,145,030 3,547,829 597,801 16.8 1,743,049 1,333,730 409,319 30.7 Massachusetts 24, 459 27,521 -3,062 -11.1 2, 946, 178 3,346,590 -400, 412 -12.0 1,993,923 1,800,937 192,986 10.7 Rhode Island 4,049 5,816 -1,107 -20.1 552,677 843,853 -291,176 -34.5 408,429 440,372 -31,943 -7.3 Connecticut 23,959 27,148 -3, 189 -11.7 2,684,414 3,493,534 -809, 120 -23.2 1,882,197 1,714,658 167,539 9.8 Middle Atlantic; New York 394,319 395,640 -1,321 -0.3 48,597,701 38,060,471 10,537,230 27.7 20,338,766 15,019,135 5,319,631 35.4 New Jersey 72,991 52,896 20,095 38.0 8, 057, 424 4,542,816 3,514,608 77.4 4,979,900 2, 192, 456 2,787,444 127.1 Pennsylvania 202,013 227,867 34,146 15.0 21,740,611 21,769,472 -28, 861 -0.1 11,973,843 9,397,054 2,576,789 27.4 East North Central: Ohio 212,803 167,590 45,218 27.0 20,322,984' 13,709,238 6,613,746 48.2 9,377,955 5,750,068 3,627,887 63.1 Indiana 99,504 84,245 15,259 18.1 8,905,679 6,209,089 2,690,599 43.4 3,816,126 2,463,074 1,353,052 54.9 Illinois 138,052 136, 404 1,588 1.2 12,166,091 12,951,871 -785,780 -6.1 6,401,598 4,702,033 1,699,565 36.1 Michigan 365,483 311,963 53,520 17.2 38,243,828 23, 476, 444 14.707,384 62.9 9,913,778 6,759,342 3,154,436 46.7 Wisconsin 290,185 256,931 33,254 • 12.9 31,968,195 24,641,493 7,326,697 29.7 7,917,754 5,826,552 2,091,202 35.9 West North Central: Minnesota 223, 092 146,659 77,033 52.5 26,802,948 14,643,327 12,159,621 83.0 7,685,259 3,408,997 4,276,262 125.4 Iowa 109,567 175,888 -6,321 -3.6 14,710,247 17,305,919 -2,595,072 -15.0 6,629,234 3,870,746 2,758,488 71.3 Missouri 90,259 93,915 2,344 2.5 7,790,410 7,786,623 9,787 0.1 4,470,135 2,756,695 1,713,440 62.2 North Dakota 54,007 21,936 32,131 146.5 5,551,430 2,257,350 3,294,080 145.9 2,079,125 587,498 1,491,627 253.9 South Dakota SO, 052 33,567 16, 485 49.1 3,441,092 2,909,914 531,778 18.3 1,967,550 680,530 1,287,020 189.1 Nebraska 111,151 79,901 31,250 39.1 8,117,775 7,817,438 300,337 3.8 3,785,224 1,734,666 2,050,558 118.2 Kansas 79,025 85,318 -6,293 -7.4 5,647,049 8,091,745 -2,444,696 -30.2 3,471,488 2,485,800 985,688 39.7 South Atlantic: Delaware 9,703 5,755 3,948 68.6 880,300 414,610 465,750 112.3 453, 400 221,411 231,989 104.8 Maryland 39,299 26,472 12,827 48.5 3,444,311 1,991,357 1,452,954 73.0 1,782,954 1,020,003 762,951 74.8 District of Columbia 226 194 32 16.5 32,028 15,586 16,442 105.5 20,231 9,540 10,085 111.9 Virginia 86,927 51,021 35, 906 70.4 8,770,778 4,409,672 4,361,106 98.9 5,667,557 2,494,627 3,172,930 127.2 West Virginia 42,621 30, 123 12,498 41.5 4,077,006 2,245,821 1,831,245 81.5 2,278,638 1,133,381 1,145,257 101.1 North Carolina 31,990 23,019 8,371 35.4 2,372,200 1,036,445 735,815 45.0 1,755,413 862,509 892, 904 103.5 South Carolhia 8,610 8,068 542 6.7 782,430 , 651,910 130,514 20.0 609,424 435,408 173,956 39.9 Georgia 11,877 8,477 3,400 40.1 886,430 553, 129 333,301 60.3 684,427 320,853 357,574 109.4 Florida 8,509 3,752 4,757 126.8 856,967 232,212 624,755 209.0 839,691 187,274 652,417 348.4 East South Central; Kentucky 55, 750 37. ICO 18,590 50.0 5,120,141 2,661,774 2,458,367 92.4 2,724,043 1,200,100 1,463,943 116.2 Tennessee 40,963 27, 103 13,860 51.1 2,922,713 1,404,097 1,518,616 108. 2 1,790,233 817,419 972,814 119.0 Alabama 14,486 9,505 4,981 52.4 1,128,564 587,711 540,853 92.0 884, 497 324, 628 559,809 172.5 Mississippi 8,342 6,370 1,972 31.0 644,742 398,272 246,470 61.9 542,011 245,777 296,234 120.5 West South Central: Arkansas 29,719 26, 486 3,233 12.2 2,090,893 1,783,909 312,924 17.5 1,439,991 855,140 584,851 68.4 Louisiana 19, 655 9,220 10,435 li:i.2 1,183,525 549,280 034,245 115.5 924,311 309,082 615,229 199.0 Oklahoma 32,295 I 15,360 10,935 110.3 1,897,480 1 1,191,997 705,489 59.2 1,250,052 1 539,354 710,698 131.8 Texas .36,092 21,810 14,282 05.5 2,235,983 1,342,316 893,067 60.6 1,825,150 725, 145 1,100,005 151.7 Mountain: Montana 20,710 9,613 11,097 115.4 3,240,690 1,332,002 1,908,034 143.3 1,298,830 601,103 037,607 96.4 Idaho 28,341 9,313 19,028 204. 3 4,710,202 1,035,290 3,074,972 355.0 1,583,447 442, 489 1,140,958 257.8 Wyoming 8,333 2,809 5,524 190.7 932,102 262,338 609,824 255.3 524, 489 138,308 380, 121 279. 1 Colorado 85,839 44,075 41,764 94.8 11,780,074 4,405,748 7,314,920 1(53. 8 3, 704, 708 1,717,111 1,987,057 115.8 New Mexico 0,230 1,122 5,108 455.3 295,255 72,013 222,042 300.6 234, 630 49,552 185,084 373.5 Arizona 1,151 026 525 83.9 97,141 33,927 63,214 180.3 98,597 33,928 04, 069 190. 6 Utah 14,210 10,433 3,777 36.2 2,409,093 1,483,570 925 , 523 02.4 873, 961 487, 810 380,145 79.2 Nevada 4,804 2,235 2,029 117.0 700,820 301,188 405,638 112.3 390, 052 194,019 202,033 103.8 Pacific: Washington 57, 897 25,119 32,778 130.5 7,067,171 3,5.57,870 4,109,295 115.5 2,993,737 1,312,948 1,080,789 128. 0 Oregon 44,20.5 30,035 14,230 47.4 4,822,902 3,701,307 1,001,595 28.2 2,098,648 1,210,034 888,614 73.4 California 07, 088 42,098 25.590 60.8 9,824,005 5,242,590 4,581,409 87.4 4,879,449 2,037,528 2,241,921 85.0 I Includes Indian Territory. 401 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. SWEET POTATOES AND YAMS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES; 1909 AND 1899. [A minus alfin (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 In 1909.] Table 4 7 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (nUSHKLS). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. 1900 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. Amount. Per cent. United States 641.265 537,312 103, 943 19.3 69,232,070 42,517,412 16,714.658 39.3 $35,429,176 $19,869,840 $16,559,336 78.3 Oeoqraphic divisions: New England 49 8 41 (') 4,818 567 4,251 749.7 4,543 346 4, 197 1,210.1 Middle Atlantic 23,923 24,104 -181 -0.8 3, 326, 190 2,662,046 664, 144 24.9 1, 638, 902 1,349,588 289, 314 21.4 East North Central 13,300 15, 394 -2,094 -13.6 1,364, 256 1,004,277 359, 979 35.9 751, 929 619, 833 132, 096 21.3 West North Central 15,381 17,660 -2, 279 —12.9 1,696,111 1,491,275 204,836 13.7 1,095,724 805, 669 290,055 36.0 South Atlantic 295, 879 263,925 31,9,54 12.1 29,628, 153 21, 881, 977 7,746, 176 35.4 16, 146, 222 9, 183, 650 6,962,572 75.8 East South Central 160, 756 126,586 34, 170 27.0 13,573, 580 8, 772, 133 4,801,447 54.7 9,116,510 4,536, 187 4, 580, 323 101.0 West South Central 126,407 87, 780 38, 627 44.0 9,025,928 6,439,547 2,586,381 40.2 6, 265, 750 3,220,595 3, 045, 155 94.6 Mountain 439 169 270 159.8 38, 877 19,064 19,813 103.9 52,596 14,207 38, 389 270.2 Pacific 5,121 1,686 3,435 203.7 574, 157 246,526 327, 631 132.9 357, 000 139,765 217,235 155.4 Middle Atlantic: New Jersey 22,504 20,588 1,916 9.3 3, 186, 499 2,418,641 767,858 31.7 1,527,074 1,213,010 314, 064 25.9 Pennsylvania 1,306 3,443 -2, 137 -62.1 128, 770 234, 724 -105,954 -45.1 104, 434 130, 990 -26,556 -20.3 East North Central: Ohio 1,143 3, 796 -2,653 -69.9 133, 798 249,767 -115,969 -46.4 104, 181 158, 103 -53, 922 -34.1 Indiana 1,561 3,989 -2,428 -60.9 178, 300 239, 487 -61,187 -25.5 139, 886 155, 585 -15,699 -10.1 Illinois 10, 568 7,534 3,034 40.3 1,050,932 511,695 539, 237 105.4 506, 760 303, 638 203, 122 66.9 West North Central: Iowa 2, 274 2,688 -414 -15.4 232, 413 224, 622 7,791 3.5 125,763 128, 981 -3, 218 -2.5 Missouri 7,938 9, 844 -1, 906 -19.4 876, 234 743, 377 132,857 17.9 567, 413 424, 470 142, 943 33.7 Kansas 4,883 4,570 313 6.8 558,021 474,810 83, 211 17.5 373, 432 224,049 149,383 66.7 South Atlantic: Delaware 5,229 2,265 2, 964 130.9 733,746 222, 165 511,581 230.3 276, 679 96, 566 180, 113 186.5 Maryland 7,956 6,469 1,487 23.0 1,065,956 677, 848 388, 108 57.3 483, 751 317, 462 166, 289 52.4 Virginia 40,838 40, 681 157 0.4 5, 270, 202 4, 470, 602 799, 600 17.9 2,681,472 1, 720, 188 961, 284 55.9 West Virginia 2,079 3, 393 -1,314 -38.7 215, 582 202, 424 13, 158 6.5 170, 086 125,523 44,563 35.5 North Carolina 84,740 68, 730 16,010 23.3 8, 493, 283 5,781,587 2,711,696 46.9 4,333,297 2,119,956 2, 213, 341 104.4 South Carolina 48,878 48, 831 47 0.1 4, 319, 926 3, 369, 957 949,969 28.2 2, 606,606 1,538,205 1,068,401 69.5 Georgia 84,038 70, 620 13, 4lS 19.0 7, 426, 131 5,087,674 2, 338, 457 46.0 4, 349, 806 2, 354, 390 1,995,416 84.8 Florida 21,995 22, 791 -796 -3.5 2,083,665 2, 049, 784 33,881 1.7 1,231,238 898, 282 332, 956 37.1 East South Central: Kentucky 11,882 14, 178 -2, 296 -16.2 1,326,245 925, 786 400, 459 43.3 839, 454 507, 038 332, 416 . 65.6 Tennessee 26, 216 23, 374 2, 842 12.2 2, 504, 490 1,571,575 932,915 59.4 1, 625, 056 883, 620 741,436 83.9 Alabama 66, 613 50,865 15, 748 31.0 5,314,857 3, 457, 386 1,857,471 53.7 3, 578, 710 1,687,039 1,891,671 112.1 Mississippi 56,045 38, 169 17, 876 46.8 4, 427, 988 2,817,386 1, 610, 602 57.2 3, 073, 290 1,458,490 1,614,800 110.7 West South Central: Arkansas 22, 388 13, 271 9,117 68.7 1, 685, 308 998, 767 686,541 68.7 1,359, 669 534, 616 825,053 154.3 Louisiana 56, 953 27, 372 29,581 108.1 4,251,086 1, 865, 482 2, 385, 604 127.9 2,357,729 859, 733 1, 497, 996 174.2 Oklahoma 5,056 33,576 1,480 41.4 359, 451 »276, 163 83, 288 30.2 350, 553 > 137, 231 213, 322 155.4 Texas 42,010 43,561 -1,551 -3.6 2,730,083 3,299,135 -569,052 -17.2 2, 197, 799 1, 689, 015 508, 784 30.1 Pacific: California 5,111 1,607 3,504 218.0 572, 814 239, 029 333,785 1.39. 6 355,624 135,612 220,012 162.2 I Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. > Includes Indian Territory. Other vegetables (Table 48). — Except for potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, which arc generally grown in considerable quantities, it is practically impossible to obtain a correct total of the acreage, production, or value of individual kinds of vegetables. Enumerators were instructed to obtain from every farm a separate report for any vegetable grown for sale in considerable quantities, and in all cases to ascertam the total acreage in vegetables of all classes combined, whether grown for farm use or for sale, and the total value of the product. It is scarcely likely, however, that the total acreage and value reported are as accurate in the case of vegetables as in the case of the major crops, since on many farms the production of vegetables is practically confined 72497°— 13 26 to small kitchen gardens. In fact, 707,763 farms reported farm gardens in which vegetables other than potatoes were grown for farm use, but failed to give any acreage or value. In all probability, therefore, the totals obtained from the returns are understate- ments. In tabulating the statistics the Census Bureau has distinguished between farms which reported the pro- duction in 1909 of vegetables (other than potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams) valued at $500 or more and those on which the product was valued at less than that amount. Farms of the former group usually produce vegetables chiefly for sale, while on a large proportion of the other farms they are raised primarily, if not exclusively, for home consumption. 402 ABSTIIACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. Tlic acroafi;e of vegetables covered by tbe table was 2,7()3,2f)9 in 1 909, wliicli was eriiial to 0.0 j)er cent of the total improved farm acreage of the country, and was 27.8 per cent gi’cater than the acreage reported 1899. The value of tbe vegetables reported increased from $120,282,000 in 1899 to $210,257,000 in 1909, or 79.8 per cent, and in 1909 constituted 3.9 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The acreage of vegetables on farms which produced at least $500 worth of vegetables amounted in 1909 to 566,517, or a little over one-fifth of the total aereage in vegetables, but the value of the vegetables gi’own on such farms, $60,105,000, represented 27.8 per cent of the total value reported. As judged by the acreage and by the value of the product, the South Atlantic was the most important division in the production of miscellaneous vegetables, the East North Central rankmg second. The produc- tion of vegetables is, however, widely distributed over the entire country. VEGETABLES (EXCLUDING POTATOES AND SWEET POTATOES AND YAMS)— ACREAGE AND VALUE. Tabic 4S PRODUCED ON ALL FARMS TOGETHER. TAKEN PRODUCED ON FARMS REPORTING A PRODUCT VALUED DIVISION on STATE. Acreage. Value. AT $500 OR over: 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 Acre- age. Value. United States. . 2,763,269 2, 162, 130 $216,257,068 $120,281,811 566,517 $60,104,504 Geographic divs.: New England 101,436 79, 793 12, 888, 8S5 7, SOS, 535 27,380 5,987,028 Middle Atlantic.. 355, 74C 301,223 33, 543, 797 21,981,048 129, 547 15, 458, 878 E. N. Central 519, 003 406,704 39,164,621 21,890,473 106, 44.; 10, 532, 517 W. N. Central... 369, 447 328, 731 24,078,158 15,081,722 36,410 2,937,542 South Atlantic. . . 596, 852 459, 705 42,605,737 21,678,980 144,088 11,707,673 E. S. Central 345,753 265, 453 26,551,035 13,338, 645 15,999 1,084,997 W. S. Central 274, 173 217,223 18,553,851 10, 699, 689 29, 036 3,025,167 Mountain 74,163 40,704 6, 546, 672 2,828,751 16,24C 2,308,016 Pacific 126, 702 62, 594 12,324,312 4,973,968 61,374 6, 462, 686 New England: Maine 25, 288 20,012 2, 153, 003 1,245,235 1,534 277,204 New Hampshire. 8, 855 7,357 1,071,551 627, 271 904 158, 447 Vermont 8,548 5,131 872,183 371,744 832 111,530 Massachusetts . . . 37,220 29, 779 6, 189, 857 3,745,348 17,269 4,277,296 Rhode Island . . . 5, 275 5,165 636, 656 1,965,635 552, 035 2, 105 360,995 Connecticut 16, 250 12,349 1,266,902 4,736 SOI, 556 Middle Atlantic: New York 175, 402 144,318 15,963,384 10,656,058 59,208 7,561,639 New Jersey 86, 227 77,779 7, 566, 493 5, 020, 130 52, 492 5,186, 969 Pennsylvania . . . 94,111 79, 126 10,013,920 6, 304, 860 17,847 2, 710, 270 E. N. Central: Ohio 123, 461 103,346 11,393,791 6, 446, 236 26, 225 3, 259, 193 Indiana 114,267 95, 434 7, 498,024 4,524,435 16, 829 1,327,017 Illinois 120,291 110, 845 9,392,296 5,304,903 36,796 3,291,585 Michigan 90, 861 57, 501 6,286, 645 3,394,265 11,933 1,528,349 Wisconsin 70, 123 39,578 4,593,865 2, 220, 634 14,660 1,126,373 W. N. Central: Minnesota 46,021 28,361 3,359,052 1,503,401 5,195 614, 895 Iowa 80, -102 83, 193 5,266,411 3,509, 127 14,437 773,011 Missouri 129, 570 116,236 8,268,281 5, 544, 337 8,648 860, 488 North Dakota . . . 13,383 4,289 1,069,125 256, 206 321 41,109 South Dakota . . . 15,150 7,954 1,0:33,163 389, 717 607 82, 852 Nebraska 36,164 34,532 2,118,393 1,438,629 2,654 182, 924 Kansas 48,757 54,166 2,963,733 2,440,-305 4,488 382, 263 DmSION OE STATE. SOUTH Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Dist. Columbia. Virginia West Virginia. . North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia Florida E. S. Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi W. S. Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California PRODUCED ON ALL FARMS TOGETHER. TAKEN PRODUCED ON FARMS REPORTING A PRODUCT VALUED AT $5(X) OR over: 1909 Acreage. Value. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Acre- age. Value. 22,939 23,987 $1, 102, 620 $826,244 3,710 $239, 450 108,084 100, 403 5,729,400 3,978,267 59, 762 2, 713, 405 964 985 167, 376 87,616 862 154,729 124, 3.54 99,002 8,989, 467 4, 868, 459 19,512 1,875,624 43, 524 29,290 4, 519, 894 1,697,028 1,759 193,266 95,980 64,598 6,496,308 3,121,492 6, 281 440,363 51,994 40, 771 3,705,991 2,091,174 9, 228 797,547 91,413 73,907 5, 580, 368 3,053,898 9,492 596,009 57, 600 26,762 6,314,313 1,954,802 33, 482 4,697,220 115,007 83,634 8,287,497 4,418, 816 4, 227 447,345 100,055 75, 408 7,015,686 3, 445, 653 3,624 343,784 69, 468 55, 822 5,379,577 2, 642, 566 3,846 420,322 61, 223 50, 589 5, 868, 275 2,831,710 4,302 473, 546 60,251 45,355 4, 843, 442 2,245,587 1,175 121,472 38, 221 26, 506 3,000,864 1,753,850 6,603 731,573 51,011 1 33, 463 2, 610, 239 1 1,439,614 1,819 131,364 124,690 111,899 8,099,306 5,260,638 19, 439 2,040,758 7,300 4,272 928,906 378,792 1,046 236,593 10,029 6,332 1,007,667 391,315 1,026 194,239 2,933 1,431 332, 120 87,882 228 51, 687 32, 422 15, 496 2,349, 634 1,131,950 8, 836 1,110,423 8, 219 4,034 567, 154 207, 424 984 144, 465 4,302 2,192 379,293 136, 508 1,570 184, 623 7,006 6,023 717,776 396,099 1,630 225, 613 1,952 924 264, 122 98, 781 920 160,373 24,410 13,848 2,988,510 1,040, 668 4,154 954,006 23, 129 16, 345 2, 448,917 1,074,468 3,851 672, 679 79,163 32, 401 6,886,885 2,858,832 53,369 4,836,001 ' Includes Indian Territory. TOBACCO. Detailed statistics concerning the tobacco crop of 1909, with comparative figures for 1899, are given in Table 50. Table 49 gives percentages and averages for the important producing divisions and states, based mainly on Table 50. The tobacco crop is more localized than most other staple crops. In the aggregate, 1,294,911 acres were in tobacco in 1909, representing 0.3 per cent of the improved farm acreage of the country. In the distri- bution of this acreage, the East South Central division, containing 43.3 per cent of the total, led all others. This figure was closely apfiroximated, however, by the South Atlantic division, which contained 37.6 ])cr cent of the total acreage. The combined acreage in the East North Central and Middle Atlantic divisions was only about half as great as that in. the South Atlantic division alone. The acreage of tobacco in N ew England was small and that in the region west of the Mississippi was quite insignificant. The state of Kentucky had the greatest area m tobacco — 469,795 acres. North Carolina was next in order, but had an aereage less than half that of Kentucky. The only other states having an acreage in exeess of 100,000 were Virginia and Ohio. These four states had three-fourths of the entire acreage devoted to this crop. The jiroportion of the improved farm land in to- bacco was larger in the East South Central divi- sion (1.3 jier cent) than in any other, though in the South Atlantic division it was only slightly less (1 ])er cent). Tlie leading states exceeded this proportion considerably. In 1909, as compared with 1899, there was an in- crease in tlie area in tobacco of 193,451 acres, or 17.6 per cent. In the division having the largest acreage. FARM CROPS, BY STATES 403 tho East South Central, the gain was over 100, 000 acres, or 22.4 per cent. An absolute gain about half as great occurred in tho East North Central division, whore tho relative increase was nearly 50 per cent. It is noticeable that in the South Atlantic division the increase was much less, amounting to only 4.6 per cent. Next to Kentucky, where the acreage in 1909 was 84,990 more than in 1899, the greatest gain was in Ohio. Table 49 DIVISION OR STATE, acreage: 1909 AVERAGE YIELD IN POUNDS PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PER POUND. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States. . . 100.0 0.3 815 788 $0.10 $0.07 $80. 55 $51. 74 New England 1.7 0.3 1,746 1,675 0.15 0.17 260. 75 288.59 Middle Atlantic 3.5 0.2 1,123 1,420 0. 08 0. 07 94.41 105. 75 East North Central. 13.3 0.2 919 1,035 0.10 0.07 87. 71 71.66 South Atlantic 37.6 1.0 086 645 0.10 0.06 67. 38 39. 99 East South Central. . 43.3 1.3 834 794 0. 10 0.06 81.26 46.63 All other divisions.. 0.5 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 Kentucky 36.3 3.3 848 817 0.10 0.06 84,86 48. 19 North Cajohna 17.1 2.5 626 628 0.10 0.06 62.41 39.59 Virginia 14.3 1.9 717 667 0.09 0.06 65.63 39.11 Ohio 8.2 0.6 832 923 0.10 0. 07 84. 51 68. 10 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Not calculated because of unimportance of crop. The production in 1909 was 1,056,000,000 pounds and was greater by 21.6 percent than that in 1899, 868,000,000 pounds. Tho greatest absolute increase was in tho East South Central division, but larger per- centages of increase are noted in the case of tho West North Central and New England divisions. The average yield per acre in 1909 was 815 jiounds. In New England it was more than double this amount, and in the Mitldle Atlantic and East North Central divi- sions it was considerably higher than the average. In these divisions tobacco is grown in limited areas pecu- liarly adapted to its cultivation. As compared with 1899, the United States as a whole and each of the divi- sions except the Middle Atlantic and East North Central show a larger yield per acre in 1909, indicating a greater relative increase in the production than in the acreage. The average value per pound was greater in 1909 than in 1899, and tliis, combined with an increased yield per acre, brought about a very marked increase in the value per acre. The total value of the crop wfis much greater in 1909 ($104,303,000) than in 1899 ($56,988,000). The value of tobacco constituted 1.9 per cent of the total value of crops in 1909. TOBACCO— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 in 1909.] Table 50 ACREAGE. production (pounds). VALUE. DIVISION OR STATE. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. 1909 1899 Increase. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. United States 1,294,911 1,101,460 193,451 17.6 1,055,764,806 868, 112, 865 187,651,941 21.6 $104,302,856 $56,987,902 $47,314,954 83.0 Geographic divisions: New England 21,745 14,212 7,533 53.0 37,961,893 23,810,524 14,151,369 59.4 5,670,002 4,101,428 1,568,574 38.2 Middle Atlantic 45,852 39,069 6,783 17.4 51,510,925 55,461,710 -3,950,785 -7.1 4,328,854 4,131,623 197,231 4.8 East North Central 171,973 115,810 56,163 48.5 157,959,785 119,851,780 38,108,005 31.8 15,082,892 8,298,696 6,784,196 81.7 West North Central 5,709 4, 706 1,003 21.3 5,704,572 3,349,811 2,354,761 70.3 713,321 245,726 407,595 190.3 South Atlantic 487,411 465,754 21,657 4.6 334,569,496 300,194,090 34,375,406 11.5 32,843,156 18,627,038 14,216,118 70.3 East South Central 560,523 457,998 102,525 22.4 467,348,072 363,820,310 103,527,762 28.5 45,548,716 21,355,283 24,193,433 113.3 West South Central 1,683 3,857 -2,174 -56.4 700,915 1,592,830 -891,915 -56.0 114,452 222,392 -107,940 -48.5 Mountain 11 8 3 (•) 3,457 2,510 947 37.7 778 408 370 90.7 Pacific 4 46 -42 (') 5,691 29,300 -23,609 -80.6 685 5,308 -4,623 -87.1 New England: Massachusetts 5,521 3,826 1,695 44.3 9,549,306 6,406,570 3,142,736 49.1 1,218,060 956,399 261,601 27.4 Connecticut 16,042 10,119 5,923 58.5 28,110,453 16,930,770 11,179,683 66.0 4,415,948 3,074,022 1,341,926 43.7 Middle Atlantic: New York 4, 109 11,307 -7,198 -63.7 5,345,035 13,958,370 -8,613,335 -01.7 402,517 1,172,236 -769,719 -65.7 Pennsylvania 41,742 27, 760 13,982 50.4 46,164,800 41,502,620 4,662,180 11.2 3,926,116 2,959,304 966,812 32.7 East North Central: Ohio 106,477 71,422 35,055 49.1 88,603,308 65,957,100 22,646,208 34.3 8,998,887 4,864,191 4,134,696 85.0 Indiana 23,694 8,219 15,475 188.3 21,387,824 6,882,470 14,505,354 210.8 2, 14.5, 193 44.5,658 1,699,535 381.4 Illinois 1,313 2,242 -929 -41.4 1,029,616 1,447,150 -417,534 -28.9 80,389 85,411 -5,022 -5.9 Wisconsin 40,458 33,830 6,628 19.6 46,909,182 45,500,480 1,408,702 3.1 3,855,033 2,898,091 950, 942 33.0 West North Central: Missouri 5,433 4,361 1,072 24.6 5,372,738 3, 041,996 2,3.30,742 76.6 676,479 218,991 457,488 208.9 South Atlantic: Maryland 26,072 42,911 -16,839 -39.2 17,845,699 24,589,480 -6,743,781 -27.4 1,457,112 “1,438,169 18,943 1.3 Virginia 185,427 184,334 1,093 0.6 132,979,390 122,884,900 10,094,490 8.2 12,109,086 7,210,195 4,958,891 68.8 West Virginia 17,928 5,129 12, 799 249.5 14,356,400 3,087,140 11,269,260 365.0 1,923,180 228,620 1,694,560 741.2 North Carolina 221,890 203,023 18,867 9.3 138,813,163 127,503,400 11,309,763 8.9 13,847,559 8,038,691 5,808,808 72.3 South Carolina 30,082 25,993 4,089 15.7 25,583,049 19,895,970 5,687,079 28.6 2,123,576 1,297,293 826,283 63.7 Georgia 2,025 2,304 -279 —12.1 1,485,994 1,105,600 380,394 34.4 297, 167 159,659 137,508 86.1 Florida 3,987 2,056 1,931 93.9 3,505,801 1,125,600 2,380,201 211.5 1,025,476 254,211 771,265 303.4 East South Central: Kentucky 469,795 384,805 84,990 22.1 398,482,301 314,288,050 84,194,251 26.8 39,868,753 18,541,982 21,320,771 115.0 Tennessee 90,468 71,849 18,619 25.9 68,756,599 49, 157,550 19,599,049 39.9 5,661,681 2,748, 495 2,913,186 106.0 • Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. » Corrected from 1900 Report on Agriculture, Part II. 404 ABSTRACT OF THl^] CENSUS— AGRICULTURE COTTON AND COTTON SEED. Cotton (Table 52). — Of the 32,04.3,838 acres of cot- ton harvested in 1909, the West South Central divi- sion contained nearly half, the South Atlantic division 28.1 per cent, and the East South Central division 24.7 per cent. Though cotton is reported from three other divisions, the acreages are comparatively insig- nificant. There are, however, three counties in south- eastern Missouri in which the cotton acreage is considerable. Texas, with nearly 10,000,000 acres, has considerably over one-fourth of the total area in this crop, and Georgia has about half the acre- age of Texas, while Alabama and Mississippi, which follow in the order named, have each more than 3,000,000 acres in cotton. The four states named report about 70 per cent of the total acreage. The accompanying map shows graphically the distribution of the cotton acreage among the states. The prominence of cotton in the agriculture of the South is indicated by the large percentages of the total improved land occupied by this crop in the southern divisions, as shown by Table 51. In the South as a whole cotton occupied 21.2 per cent of the improved farm land. In each of the four states shown in Table 51 the cotton acreage exceeds one- third of all the improved land in farms. The area in cotton increased from 1899 to 1909 by 7,768,737 acres, or 32 per cent. Of this gain more than half was reported from the West South Central division, there being a gain of nearly 3,000,000 acres in the state of Texas and of over 1,000,000 acres in the state of Oklahoma. A gain of over 1,000,000 acres was reported in Georgia. The percentage of increase in the West South Central division exceeded that for the United States as a whole, and that in the South Atlantic division almost equaled it, but the rate of gain in the East South Central division was considerably less. Table 51 DIVISION OR STATE. acreage: 190» AVERAGE YIELD IN BALES PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PEE BALE. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. Per cent of United States total. Per cent of im- proved land. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States . . 100.0 6.7 0. 33 0. 39 $66. 07 $33. 96 $21. 96 $13. 34 W est N orth Central 0.3 0.1 0. 56 0.56 62. 25 33. 20 35.14 18.61 South Atlantic 28.1 18.0 0.45 0.39 03. 45 33.59 28. 28 13.26 East South Centra! . 24.7 18.0 0. .32 0. 39 69. 53 34.85 22. 15 13. 77 W est South Central. 46.9 25.8 0. 27 0.39 66.56 33.62 17.98 13.09 Another divisions.. (■) (') m (9 (2) ■ (9 (*) Texas 31.0 36.3 0. 25 0. 36 66.28 33.05 16. 39 13.90 Georgia 15.2 39.7 0. 41 0. 37 63.59 33.02 25. 94 13. 94 Alabama 11.6 38.5 0. 30 0. 35 05. 70 33. 43 19.89 13.14 Mississippi 10.6 37.7 0.33 0. 45 73. 77 36.03 24. 45 18.65 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Not calculated because of unimportance of crop. COTTON— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES: 1909 AND 1899. [A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. States are not named when the acreage was less than 1,000 In 1909.] TatoSe 52 ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (RUNNING BALES). VALUE. DmStON OR STATE. Increase. Increase. Increase. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Per ct. Amount. Perct. United States 32,043,838 24,275.101 7,768,737 32.0 10,649,268 9,534,707 1,114,561 11.7 $703,619,303 $323,768, 171 $379, 861, 132 117.3 Geographic divisions: West North Central. . . 90,563 45,749 50,814 111.1 ,54,508 25,646 28,862 112.5 3,. 393, 040 851, 478 2,541,502 298.5 South Atlantic 9,002,776 0, 842, 489 2, 160,287 31.6 4,012,942 2,701,766 1,311,176 48.5 254,630,905 90,759,735 163,877,260 180.6 East South Central 7,926,019 6,725,588 1,200.431 17.8 2,524,714 2,056,599 -131,885 -5.0 175,543,582 92,590,366 82,953,210 89.6 West South Central . . . 15, 017, ,347 10,061,219 4,350,128 40.9 4,056,704 4,150,658 -93, 954 -2.3 270,018.704 139.554,349 130,464,355 93.5 Mountain 809 50 753 0 ) 217 38 179 (■) 15,238 2,243 12,995 579.4 321 324 183 183 11,744 11.744 West North Central: Mts-souri 96,-527 45,590 50,931 111.7 54, 498 25,570 28,922 113.1 3, 392, 440 849, 199 2,543,241 299.5 South Atlantic: Virginia 25, 147 25,724 -577 -2.2 10,480 10, 789 -309 -2.9 695,721 340,600 349, 121 100.7 North Carolina 1,274,404 1,007,020 267,384 26.0 665, 132 459, 707 205,425 44.7 42.066,099 15,096,952 26, 309, 147 168.0 South Carolina 2,556,407 2,074,081 482,380 23.3 1,279,800 881,422 398, 444 45. 2 80,337,945 29.590,152 50, 747, 793 171.5 Georgia 4,883,304 3,513.839 1,369,405 .39. 0^ 1,992,408 1,287,992 704, 416 54.7 126,695,612 42,534,235 84, 161,377 197.9 Florida 203, 454 221,825 41,029 18.8 65,050 61,850 3,200 5.2 4.841,581 2,591,796 2,249,785 86.8 East South Central: Kentucky 7,811 2.396 6,415 226. 0 3, 460 1,369 2,100 15.3. 4 22.3,024 52,812 170, 212 32-2.3 Tennessee 787,510 623,137 104,379 20.4 204, 502 234,592 29,970 12. 8 17,900,517 8, 192,042 9,773,875 119.3 •Mabama 3. 730, 482 3,202,135 528, 347 10.5 1,129,527 1, 106,840 22,687 2.0 74,205,230 37,00-1.598 37,200,038 100.5 Mississippi 3, 100,210 2,897.920 502, 290 17.3 1. 127, 1.5G 1,31.3,798 -186,642 -11.2 83, 148,805 47,340,314 35,808, 491 75.6 West South Central: .\rkansas 2, 153, 222 1.041,855 511,367 31. 1 776,879 709, 880 06,999 9.4 51, 559, 503 24,671,445 29,888,058 121. 1 Louisiana 957,011 1.370,254 -419,243 -30.5 268,909 709,041 -440, 132 -02. 1 17,321,804 23,523, 143 -0, 198, 3,39 -26. 3 Oklahoma 1,970,9.35 2 082, 743 1,294, 192 189.5 555, 7*12 J 225, 525 3.30,217 146. 1 35,399.350 a 7,027,048 28,372,308 403.8 Texas 9,9.30, 179 6,960,367 2,909,812 42.7 2,455, 174 2,500,212 -51,038 -2.0 102.735,041 84,332,713 78,402,328 93.0 I Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. 3 Includes Indian Territory. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. Tlie total production of cotton in 1 900 was 1 0,649,000 bales, an increase of 1,115,000 bales, or 11.7 per cent, over that of 1899. The yield of cotton was 0.33 bale per acre in 1909, as against 0.39 bale per acre in 1899. In each of the southern divisions, except the South Atlantic, there was a smaller average yield in 1909 than 10 years earlier. As a result the relative gain in pro- duction for the country is less than the relative gain in acreage. Two divisions, the East and West South Central, reported a smaller crop than 10 years pre- viously. On the other hand, m the South Atlantic division the crop increased nearly one-half. 405 The average value of cotton per bale, which was S33.96 in 1899, was $66.07 in 1909, an advance of nearly 95 per cent. Hence, with an increased production, the total value of the cotton crop in 1909, $703,619,000, was larger than that of 1899 by $379,861,000, or 117.3 per cent. The increase in the value of the crop was sufficient to offset losses in acreage and yield, except in Louisiana. The value of the cotton crop of 1909 was 12.8 per cent of the total value of crops for the country as a whole; for the South alone cotton represents 36.6 per cent of the total value of crops. COTTON. Cotton seed (Table 53) . — The agricultural schedules of 1910 and 1900 did not call for the quantity of cot- ton seed produced or its value, but the schedule of 1910 called for the quantity and value of the cotton seed sold during 1909. It was believed that, for various reasons, it would be impossible for many farmers to report accurately the total quantity of cotton seed produced. Inasmuch, however, as the sales of cotton seed are much less than the total produc- tion, it seemed desirable to make a rough estimate of the total quantity and value of cotton seed produced. It has been the usual custom among fanners and in the cotton trade to assume that (in the case of upland cotton, which constitutes the great bulk of the crop) about one-third of the weight of the seed cotton is lint and two-thirds seed. Although dui'ing recent years the ratios have probably been nearer 35 per cent lint and 65 per cent seed, the bureau has made its estimates of the production of cotton seed on the more customary basis. It has further assumed for convenience that a bale of cotton as reported by the farmer contains 500 pounds of lint cotton, which is probably a slight exaggeration, inasmuch as no allow- ance is made for bagging and ties. The production of cotton seed by counties and states, and for the South as a whole has, in other words, been estimated by the simple method of allowing 1,000 pounds of seed for each bale of cotton. Aside from a considerable margin of error in the total quantity thus estimated for the South as a whole, there is doubtless some addi- tional error in individual counties. The value of cotton seed has been estimated for 1899 l)y multiplying the estimated total quantity produced by the average price reported by the cottonseed-oil mills as paid for the seed purchased during that year; and for 1909 by multiplying the estimated quantity produced by the average value per ton reported by farmers for the seed sold by them. It is assumed that the average value of the entire crop is the same as the average 406 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. value of fliat ])urt sold. Table 53 shows the esti- mated (|uaiitity and value of cotton seed ])roduced for 1909 and 1899 for the country as a whole and hy geograj)hic divisions. The estimated (juantity of cotton seed produced in 1899 was 4, 707, ()()() tons, and in 1909, 5,325,000 tons. The estimated value of the cotton seed in 1899 was .1540,951,000, and in 1909, .15121,077,000, an increase of 157.9 per cent, as compared with an increase of 1 17.3 per cent in the value of lint cotton produced. The total (piantity of cotton seed reported hy farmers as sold during 1909 was 2,075,000 tons, and its value S47,350,000. SUGAE Sugar and related products are obtained in the United States from three widely different classes of plants — cane (sugar cane and sorghum cane), beets, and maple trees. Ordmary sugar is derived from sugar cane and sugar beets. Beet sugar is made alto- gether m large factories, which are covered by the manufactures census, and this report relates only to the production of the beets. Most of the sugar cane also is crushed hi mills covered by the manufactures census. Some, however, is crushed in mhls on farms and plantations, the operations of which can not be separated from the agricultural operations, so that the products are included in the present report; these mhls, however, make practically no sugar, their chief product being sirup. A part of the sorghum cane produced is used for fodder, but there are numerous small mills which crush it for the pui’pose of producing sirup. Almost all of these mhls are on farms, and the quantity as well as the value of their product m that case is covered by the census of agriculture. Maple sirup and maple sugar are almost wholly made on farms. Sugar cane (Table 54). — The acreage in sugar cane in 1909 was 476,849, an increase of 23.2 per cent as compared with 1899. The production m 1909 was 6,240,000 tons, representmg an increase of 48.5 per cent. The value of the sugar cane in 1909, includmg that of the sugar, sirup, and molasses reported on the agricultural schedules, was $26,416,000, and consti- tuted 0.5 per cent of the total value of farm crops for the country. The value of sugar cane produced in the South represented 1.4 per cent of the value of all crops of that section. More than two-thirds of the total acreage of sugar cane in 1909 was in Louisiana, and most of the remainder m Georgia, Texas, Alabama, and Mississippi. Satisfactoiy comparison can not be made between the total value of the product as reported for 1909 and that for 1899, for the reason that m 1899 reports of many large mills on ])lantations were included in the agricultural census, while most such mills in 1909 were covered by the manufactures census. A much larger })roportion of the value given for the earlier year therefore consists of the value of the manu- factured product — sugar and molasses. COTTON SEED— ESTIMATED PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 5a DIVISION. ESTIMATED PRODUCTION (TONS). ESTIMATED VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Per cent of in- crease. TTnlted States West North Central South Atlantic 5, 324, 634 27,254 2,006,471 1,262,357 2,028,352 109 91 4, 767, 353 12,823 1,350,883 1,328,299 2,075,329 19 $121, 076, 984 585,969 48,468, 186 28,747,084 43,273,088 1,625 1,032 $46,950,575 55,304 14,049,551 12,737,092 20,108,566 62 157.9 959.5 245.0 125.7 115.2 (‘) East South Central West South Central Moiuitain Pacific ' Per cent not calculated where base is less than 100. CROPS. SUGAR CANE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 54 STATE. ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (TONS). VALUE.' 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnlted States. . 476, 849 386,986 6,240,260 4, 202, 202 $26,415,952 $20,541,636 Alabama 27,211 32,871 226, 634 267,857 1,527,166 1,469,000 Arkansas 3,330 460 19,868 4,097 152, 298 25,285 Florida 12,928 13,800 142,517 140,729 1,089,698 723, 176 Georgia 37,046 20,056 317,460 284,410 2, 268, 110 1, 480, 704 Louisiana 329, 684 276,966 4,941,996 3,137,338 17,752,537 14,627,282 Mississippi 24, 861 11,552 222,600 122,384 1,506,887 804,870 North Carolina 294 2.5 1,494 199 10, 697 1,412 South Carolina 7,053 7,342 59,865 73, 702 434, 034 429 425 Texas 34,315 17,824 307,502 170, 485 1,669,683 977,053 All other states 127 90 324 1,001 4,242 3,429 I The values given include the value of sugar, sirup, and molasses, so far as covered by the agricultural census. See text as to incomparability of the two censuses. Of the 6,240,000 tons of sugar cane produced in 1909, 4,639,000 tons were sold,^ the amount received there- from bemg $16,766,000; in 1899, out of 4,202,000 tons produced, only 1,126,000 tons, valued at $3,882,000, were sold. The average value per ton for the cane sold was $3.61 in 1909 and $3.45 in 1899, and assuming the same value per ton for the rest of the cane, the total value of cane produced in 1909 would be $22,527,000 and the value of that produced in 1899 would be $14,498,000. These figures represent an increase of 55.4 per cent in the total value of the cro]). In 1909 the plantation mills covered by the agricul- tural census made 21,633,579 gallons of sinjp, 125,647 pounds of sugar, and 4,153 gallons of molasses. The total value of these products was reported as $9,650,000. No satisfactory comparison can be made between 1909 and 1899 as to the amount of sirup, sugar, and molasses made on plantations, for the reason already stated. The total production of cane sugar in factories cov- ered by the manufactures census in 1909 was 326,858 tons; of molasses, 24,588,000^ gallons; and of sirup, 1,450,000 2 gallons; these figures all being additional to those derived from the agricultural census. ■ Including that delivered to mills owned by the plantation but covered by the inamil'aeturos census. ‘■' 1)008 not include the operations of four establishments which manufacture supiar, two of which were operated in connection with penal institutions and two of which wore engaged jjrimarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designated. The output of these establishinonts wivs 7,281 tons of sugar and 693,302 gallons of molasses. 407 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. Sorghum cane (Table 55). — The acreage of sor- ghum cauc in 1909 was 444,089, or 51.5 per cent more tlian in 1899. And although the production was 13.8 per cent less than in the earlier year, probably on ac- count of unfavorable weather conditions in 1909, the value of the crop, amounting in 1909 to -110,174,000, or 0.2 per cent of the total value of all farm cro{)s, showed a great increase. The value as stated includes that of the siru]) made on farms. The amount of such siiTjp was 10,532,000 gallons, valued at $7,963,000, and the value of the cane sold or used as forage was $2,211,000. The amount of sirup made in 1899 was 16,973,000 gallons and its value, -15,288,000. The crop is quite widely distributed tlirough the country, but is much more important in the South than in the North or the West. The leading states in acreage in 1909 were Kentucky, Texas, Tennessee, Missouri, and Arkansas. SORGHUM CANE— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 55 STATE. ACREAGE. PRODUCTION (TONS). VALUE.’ 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 TTnited States 444, 089 293,152 1, 647, 262 1,910,046 $10, 174, 457 $6, 103, 102 Alabama 17,819 14,831 72,388 93,299, 4.50,263 371, 356 Arizona 585 133 1,451 953 13,886 4,882 Arkansas 33,071 17,684 93, 123 122,779 658,075 368,816 California 647 140 3,021 1,085 14,826 3,788 Colorado 3,169 379 51 7, 161 2,173 64,336 349 43,520 10,113 1,107 Georgia 15,612 11,553 78,768; 419,561 2.50,592 Iliinois 15,039 9,158 90,287 84, 326, 496,114 223, 344 Indiana 12, 253 7,955 79,672 65,685 465,618 193,056 Iowa 6,225 8,287 28,957 58,347 173,259 218,999 Kansas 15,406 20,689 60,821 88,846 251,762 279,029 Kentucky 62,327 21,982 226,303 152,3211 1,416,565 449, 276 Louisiana 1,690 937 6,073 6,091 34,277 18,367 Michigan 416 377 2,705 2,787 18,595 10, 486 Minnesota 1,709 2,283 13,253 14,369 83,966 59,714 Mississippi 17,851 15, 734 55,359 119,164 343,641 323,417 Missouri 45,088 30,997 201,206 201,165 1,036,263 660,624 Nebraska 4,034 4,778 10,477 14,119 61,025 74,817 New Mexico 2,371 81 2,819 314 26,877 1,963 North Carolina 21, 227 20,227 86,462 112,056 541,294 446,897 Ohio 4,709 5,037 28,644 38,759 180,543 126, 781 Oklahoma 25,546 2 16, 477 64,599 2 49,237 489, 112 2 154,111 South Carolina 8,445 7,250 27,612 49,530 185,358 178,323 Tennessee 52,907 31,364 205,901 226,523 1,145,932 647, 129 Texas 55,027 26,803 101,691 174,965 955, 769 554, 790 Utah 340 371 1,654 3,080 12,878 13,435 Virginia 8,288 8,039 41,449 73, 137 223,224 196,915 West Virginia 8,607 6,870 48,094 56,469 300,218 189,935 Wisconsin 2,281 1,020 2,399 665 13,735 5,776 16,963 4,560 84,626 37,297 64,444 All other states 16; 709 > The values given include the value of sorghum sirup so far as covered by the agricultural census. * * Includes Indian Territory. Sugar beets. — As shown in Table 56, the acreage of sugar beets in the United States in 1909, 364,093, was more than three times as great as in 1899; the jiroduc- tion, 3,933,000 tons, was nearly five times as great; and the value, $19,881,000, was almost six times as great. The average value per ton in 1909 was $5.06 and in 1899, $4.19. The crop in 1909 occupied 0.1 per cent of the improved farm acreage of the country, and its value constituted 0.4 per cent of the value of all crops. Although sugar beets intended for sugar manufac- ture are now raised in a considerable number of states, much the greater part of the production is in Colorado, California, Michigan, Utah, Idaho, and Wisconsin. The development in Colorado during the past decade has been particularly striking. In addition to the sugar beets covered by this table, which has been confined as far as practicable to those raised for the [lurpose of making sugar, small quanti- ties are raised in many states for forage. SUGAR REETS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 5G STATE. ACREAGE. 1909 1899 United States. . . 364, 093 4,443 78,957 108,082 15,601 1,181 756 1,051 5,851 78, 779 2,238 8,804 4, 19! 55 1,313 7,036 1,176 27,472 1,820 12,379 1,207 1,701 110, 170 41,242 1,094 Colorado Idaho 1,370 Indiana Iowa Kansas 40, 247 2,114 Minnesota Montana Nebraska 8,662 1,298 2,053 New Mexico New York 2,510 7,546 1,863 34 Waslilngton Wisconsin Wyoming All other states 137 PRODUCTION (TONS). 1909 1899 3, 932, 857 793,353 49,630 845, 191 356,535 1,231,712 6,656 179,661 14,981 9,109 7,194 7,117 50, 736 707, 639 215,373 24,140 15,959 109, 434 39, 874 62,470 239 3,965 10,990 16,003 63,696 15,606 14,462 413,946 85,914 13,794 6,149 127,526 233 13,418 6,333 525 VALUE. 11)09 1899 $19, 880, 724 236, 997 4,320,532 6,061,152 813,604 77, 732 40, 861 35,024 256, 262 4,014,123 118,625 546,832 180, 247 1,492 59,200 319, 667 74,902 1,858,600 85,954 667, 185 61,398 50,335 $3, 323, 240 1,550,346 26,711 36,223 877,481 59,826 222,258 16,849 75,487 63,322 365, 163 26, 176 937 2,461 Maple sugar and sirup (Table 57). — The total num- ber of maple trees reported b}^ the farmers as tapped in 1909 was 18,899,533; they produced 14,060,000 pounds of sugar and 4,106,000 gallons of sirup, the combined value of which was $5,178,000. The quantity of maple sugar made on farms was 17.9 per cent greater than in 1899, while the quantity of sirup was almost twdee as great, and the combined value of the sugar and sirup nearly twice as great as in 1899. Ohio is the leading state in the production of sirup, followed by New York and Vermont; but Vermont far outranks all other states in the production of maple sugar. New York and Pennsylvania ranking second and third, respectively. In the combined value of the two products. New York ranks first. MAPLE SUGAR AND SIRUP— QUANTITY AND VALUE. Table 5 7 STATE. SUGAR MADE (POUNDS). SIRUP MADE (GALLONS). VALUE OF SUGAR AND SIRUP. 1909 1899 I!t09 1909 1899 United States. . 14. 060, 206 11,928,770 4.106,418 2, 056, 611 $5,177,809 $2,636,711 Connecticut 10, 207 4,930 4,236 948 6,988 1,736 Illinois 5,366 4,090 18, 492 9,3.57 23,502 9,841 Indiana 33,419 51,900 273,728 179,570 300, 755 166,307 Iowa 6, 173 2,320 8,596 2, 662 11,49,5 2,920 Kentucky ■ 10,697 2,340 3,547 2,367 6,681 2,741 Maine 15,388 5,500 43,971 16,024 52, 137 15,920 Maryland .351,908 264, 160 12,172 5,825 34,386 24,183 Massachusetts 156,952 192,990 53,0!»1 27, 174 77,559 48,236 Michigan 293,301 302, 715 269,093 82,997 333,791 100,596 Minnesota 11,399 29,580 17,808 1,079 23,362 3,672 Missouri 11,638 12,055 9,389 5,474 12,950 6,559 New Hampshire .558,811 441, 870 111,500 41,588 182,341 82, 626 New York 3,160,300 3,623,540 993,242 41.3,159 1, 240, 684 631,180 Ohio 257,592 613,990 1,323,431 923,519 1,099, 248 665,226 Pennsylvania 1,188,049 1,429,540 391,242 160, 297 471,213 239, 773 Vennont 7,726,817 4,779,870 409, 953 160,918 1,086,933 598, 953 Virginia 44, 976 19,310 6,046 1,677 12, 233 3,350 West Virginia 140, 060 141,550 31,176 14,874 46,568 25,271 Wisconsin 27, 199 4,180 124,117 6,625 150,038 6,878 All other states 49,954 2,340 1,588 471 4,945 743 408 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. SUNDRY MINOR CROPS. Under tliis heading are included a variety of croi)s of comparatively small importance which can not be logically classified under any of the other designations. The individual crops are in no way closely related to one another in use, method of production, or geo- graphic distribution. Table 58 gives statistics of those minor crops for which the acreage was reported, for the leading states. MINOR CROPS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 58 STATE. ACREAGE. PRODUCTION.' VALUE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 Broom corn, total . . . 326,102 178,684 78,959,958 90,947,370 $5,134,434 $3, 588, 414 Arkansas 332 879 106, 576 304,690 8,198 12,588 California 1,023 1,669 614,250 1,146,000 32,50a 40,506 Colorado 5,631 1,241 1,187,791 226,550 71,717 10,577 Illinois 38, 452 95, 137 19,309,425 60,665,520 1,457,172 2,357,066 Indiana 323 815 153, 259 384, 170 13, 461 18,285 Iowa 156 2,220 75, 370 1,178,130 6,670 50,639 Kansas 41,061 34,383 8,768,853 11,813,310 593,947 458,481 Kentucky 342 839 157, 286 384,550 13, 641 18,209 Missouri 6,339 10,219 1,774,536 3, 693, 370 115, 243 159,988 Nebraska 458 6,627 157,146 2,733,290 11,116 106, 252 New Mexico 4,470 14 644, 892 5,800 33,492 290 Ohio 170 802 92,292 537, 160 9,116 26,317 Oklahoma 216,350 U2,763 42, 741,725 23,565,510 2, 559, 235 2136,831 Teimessee 1,348 3,444 347,064 1,015, 460 27,733 47, 252 Texas 9, 448 3, 743 2,368,490 1,638,150 140,533 60,313 Virginia 107 1,762 46,016 663,390 3,586 34,558 AH other states 1,089 2,027 414,987 992,320 37,065 50,262 Hemp, total 7,647 16,042 7,483,295 11,750,630 412, 699 546,338 California 300 500 600,000 620,000 39,000 45,000 Illinois 783 50 515,400 5 21,784 Indiana 335 395,467 21,756 Kentucky 6,855 14,107 6,420,232 10,303,560 348,386 468, 454 Nebraska 638 305,400 10,752 All other states 157 14 67, 546 6,270 3,553 '348 Hops, total 44,693 55,613 40, 718, 748 49,209,704 7,844,745 4,081,929 California 8,391 6,890 11,994,953 10,124,660 1,731,110 925,319 New York 12,023 27,532 8,677, 138 17,332,340 2,597,981 1,600,305 Oregon 21,770 15, 433 16, 682, 562 14,675,577 2,838,860 937, 513 Washington 2, 433 5,296 3,432,604 6,813,830 665, 493 589, 582 Wisconsin 30 342 13,290 165,346 9,041 18, 020 All other states 46 120 18,301 97,951 , . 2,260 11,190 Chicory, total 1,589 3, 069 19,284,000 21, 495, 870 70,460 73,627 Michigan 1,584 2,823 19,204,000 19,876,970 70,020 64. 640 AH other states 5 246 80,000 1,618,900 -b 440 8,987 Chufas, total 1,712 32,261 62,391 16,734 1,072 21,500 43, 470 13] 521 North Carolina '376 6,880 10,529 2,007 264 3,881 8^392 1,206 Ginseng, total 23 (^) 151.888 G) (4) 13, 794 (4) 2U868 (4) 27,138 (4) 16*639 r) 15*291 ' 16 25,977 7 31 ; 181 Mint, total 8,195 8, 591 158,091 187,427 253, 000 143,618 Indiana 1,814 879 ( . 36,621 22,380 58,110 19,557 Michigan 6,360 7,648 121, 169 164,177 194,391 123, 444 AH other states 21 64 ^ 301 870 499 617 Teasels, total 162 (=) 78 • m 13,760 G) 110 61 10, 760 52 1 17 3, 000 661 521 i 857 44, 175 36,523 159 23 112 16,800 2] 838 405 366 667 19,038 22, 495 AH other states 97 132 78 8,337 11U90 • Expressed in pounds for broom com. hemp, hops, chicory, and mint; in bushels for chufas; and in tons for teasels and willows. 2 Includes Indian Territory. ^ Not reported separately. < Reported in small fractions. Broom corn. — The total acreage of broom corn in 1909 was .326,102, an increase of 82.6 per cent over that in 1899. The production, however, was con- siderably less in the later year than in the earlier, although the value increased by 43.1 per cent, amount- ing in 1909 to 85,134,000. About two-tbirds of the total acreage in 1909 was in Oklahoma, and most of the remainder in Kansas and Illinois. The acreage in Illinois was much less in 1909 than in 1899. Hemp. — The production of hemp is mainly con- fined to Kentucky, which in 1909 reported 6,855 out of the total of 7,647 acres. The acreage was less than half as great in 1909 as in 1899, but the produc- tion feU off only 36.3 per cent and the value oidy 24.5 per cent. The value of the crop in 1909 was $413,000. Hops. — The acreage of hops in the United States was 44,693 in 1909, or about one-fifth less than in 1899. The production fell off in approximately the same ratio, but the value increased 92.2 per cent, amounting in 1909 to $7,845,000. Oregon is the leading hop growing state, with nearly half the total acreage in 1909; New York, California, and Wash- ington are the only other states of importance. Other crops. — In the case of none of the other crops covered by the table did the acreage in 1909 amount to 10,000, and only for mint did the value exceed a quarter of a million dollars. With the exception of ginseng, the crops listed are virtually confined to one or two states. By-products (Table 59) . — Flax fiber, cornstalks, and straw, which are obtained as by-products incidental to the raising of flaxseed and the various cereal crops, have a considerable value for feeding or other pur- poses. They are for the most part consumed on the farms producing them, however, and their value is not included with the value of the main crops from which they are derived. The Census Bureau did not make any attempt to ascertain the total quantity or value of these prod- ucts, the schedules calling only for the quantity and value of those sold during 1909. STRAW AND OTHER BY-PRODUCTS SOLD: 1909. Table 59 FLAX FIBER AND STRAW. OTHER STRAW. CORNSTALKS, DIVISION. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. Quan- tity sold (tons). Amount received. XTnited States 21,657 $90, 832 537, 699 10,346 157,091 $3,189,424 94,449 205, 585 5,326 27,341 $800, 850 33,347 166,236 Middle Atlantic 14 178 1,682,394 East North Central 1,353 8,726 192, 039 699, 719 45, 790 164, 787 West North Central 20,217 81,711 79, 168 46,659 4,489 6,684 17,255 216, 188 315,543 22, 169 33,078 43,023 24,604 6,656 103,915 189,507 41,514 82,601 East South Central 2 18 West South Central 29 75 50, 764 Mountain 2 9 43,946 1,291 6,264 Pacific 40 115 23,968 81,938 890 12, 679 A comparatively small quantity of flax fiber and straw was sold by the farmers. The quantity of other straw sold, however, was considerable, the value amounting to $3,189,000, and the amount received from the sale of cornstalks was $801,000. The amount of straw and cornstalks sold depends very largely upon whether there are in the vicinity cities, towns, or atI- lages where such materials are needed, inasmuch as those by-products are seldom sold by one farmer to another. FARM ('ROPS, BY STATES. FRUITS AND NUTS. 409 Tlio value of fruits ami nuts produced in the United States in 1909 amounted to .1222,024,000, or 4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. This value exceeds that reported for 1899, .^133,049,000, by 66.9 per cent. It is hnpossible to state the qtiantity of the product as a single total, but the statistics for mdividual classes show that in general the value increased by a much larger percentage than the production. Of the total value of Iruits and nuts in 1909, $29,974,000 was con- tributed by small fruits, $140,867,000 by orchard fruits, $22,028,000 by grapes, $22,711,000 by citrus fruits, $1,995,000 by other tropical and subtropical fniits, and $4,448,000 by nuts. The value of each of these classes in 1909 was very much greater than in 1899, except in the case of small fruits. The distribu- tion of this value in 1909 among the states is shown by the map on page 417. Small fruits (Tables 60 and 61). — The acreage of small fruits reported in 1909 was 272,460, as com- pared with 309,770 in 1899, thus showing a decrease of 37,310 acres, or 12 per cent. Tiic total production in 1909, 426,566,000 quarts, was 7.9 per cent less than ten years earlier, when the quantity produced was 463,219,000 quarts, but the value, $29,974,000, was nearly one-fifth greater, the value of small fruits being $25,030,000 in 1899. The acreage hi 1909 represented 0.1 per cent of the total improved fann acreage of the comitry, and the value 0.5 per cent of the total value ol farm crops. The production of small fruits taken as a group is widely distributed through the country. In acreage the East North Central division ranked first m 1909, the Middle Atlantic second, and the South Atlantic tliird, but in value the Middle Atlantic division outranked all others. SMALL FRUITS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY DIVISIONS. Table 60 DIVISION. ALL SMALL FRUITS. STRAWBERRIES. BLACKBERRIES AND DEWBERRIES. Acreage. Production (quarts). Value. Acreage. Production (quarts); 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value: 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 272,460 13, 777 55, 243 56, 957 35, 587 45,403 18,994 19,417 6,765 20,317 309,770 13,647 62, 672 92, 616 34, 810 49,403 21,380 17,519 5,127 12,596 426,565,863 37,631,006 90,300,863 73,745,968 46,275,534 72, 300, 168 22, 182,689 23,878,888 10.587, 207 49, 663,540 463, 218, 612 34, 456, 696 87,975,716 137,580,655 45,374, 254 73,878,565 26,751,730 22, 639, 210 7,927,305 26,634, 481 829,974,481 2, 469, 094 6,004,636 5,813, 117 3,921,982 4,122,467 1,553,767 1,771,332 946. 263 3,371,823 $25, 029,757 2, 183,009 5, 213, 239 6, 689, 485 2,797,864 3,505, 119 1, 223, 660 1,174,029 618,663 1, 624, 689 143, 045 4,432 19,202 23,604 16,433 37,280 14,253 13,917 3, 115 10,809 151,363 4,203 21,724 35,545 13,873 37,847 17, 666 12,993 2, 034 5,478 255,702,035 11,741,829 43, 747, 240 39,698,906 26,308,539 63, 124,937 17,648,063 19,701,936 5,030,445 28,700,140 $17,913,926 1,068,887 2, 875, 672 3,037,873 2, 162, 142 3,565,529 1,257,412 1, 440, 466 441.586 2,074,359 49,004 690 7,518 10,655 11,616 5,423 3,766 6, 106 554 3,776 50,211 795 8,697 16,417 8. 524 6.525 1,945 3,855 388 3,065 55,343,670 804,595 9,029,897 10, 437, 862 12,311,930 6,463,811 3,580,336 3,836,925 723, 167 8, 155,047 $3, 909, 831 80,006 615, 473 812,555 . 970, 774 343,333 210,983 300,524 73, 640 502,543 DIVISION. RASPBERRIES AND LOGANBERRIES. CURRANTS. GOOSEBERRIES. ALL OTHER SMALL FRUITS. > Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 V-alue: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts); 1909 Value: 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value; 1909 Acreage. Produc- tion (quarts): 1909 Value; 1909 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific 48,668 1,003 15,395 16,976 5,403 2,263 833 313 1,820 4,662 60,916 1,139 18,554 24,790 7,389 3,867 1,288 491 1,307 2,091 60,918,196 1,119,007 19, 802, 119 16,895,570 5,634,788 2, 218, 296 799, 212 268,809 3, 194, 610 10,985,785 $5,132,277 149, 646 1,618,978 1,505,474 607,053 179,090 73, 456 22,959 297,722 677,899 7,862 489 3,239 1,683 934 80 16 46 752 623 12,865 476 3,468 4,935 1,839 207 32 20 757 1,131 10,448,532 483,291 4,637,483 2,086,723 900,002 89,965 19,795 39,098 1,028,078 1,164,097 $790,431 45,781 318,993 167, 959 88, 174 8,307 1,806 4,445 85,488 69, 478 4,765 129 553 1,482 1,232 310 126 35 524 374 6,752 79 559 2,383 2,059 411 216 40 458 547 5,282,843 154,233 661,576 1, 629, 689 1,085,304 379, 639 134, 815 31,486 610,323 595, 778 $417,034 14,029 48,645 126,007 100,581 24,797 10,071 2,878 47,762 42,264 19, 116 7,034 9,336 2,557 69 47 (>) (*) (>) 73 27,663 6,955 9,670 8,546 1,126 546 233 120 183 284 38,870,687 23,328,051 12,422,548 2,997,218 34,971 23,520 468 634 584 62, 693 $1,810,982 1,110,745 526, 875 163,249 3,258 1,411 39 60 65 5,280 1 Includes cranberries and all other unclassified small fruits. * Reported in small fractions. Strawberries are the most important of the small fruits, representing in 1909 over half of the total acre- age and about tliree-fourths of the total value. The acreage of raspberries and loganberries hi 1909 was slightly less than that of blackberries and dewberries, but the production and value were considerably greater. The production of strawberries and black- berries is very widely distributed through the country, but that of raspberries, currants, and gooseberries is mainly confined to the North and West, and that of cranberries is almost wholly confined to Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Wisconsin. The acreage of each of tlie separate classes of small fruits covered by the table was less in 1909 than in 1899; and the production was likewise less except in the case of cranberries for which 38,243,000 quarts were reported in 1909. In 1899 the production of straw- berries was 257,427,000 quarts, that of blackberries and dewberries 62,190,000 quarts, that of raspberries and loganberries 76,628,000 quarts, that of cun-ants 18,593,000 quarts, that of gooseberries 9,321,000 quarts, and that of cranberries 31,601,000 quarts. The value of the separate kinds of small fruits was not called for by the agricultural schedule at the Twelfth Census. 410 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRK^ULTURE. SMALL FlUJITS— ACREAGE, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE, BY STATES. Table i>l STATE. ALL SMALL FRUITS. acreage; 1909 Acreage. Production (quarts;. Value. Straw- berries. Black- lierries and dew- berries. Rasp- berries and logan- berries. Cur- rants. Goo.se- berrics. Cran- berries. All other small Iruits. 1 !)()!) 1899 1909 1899 1909 1899 United States 272,460 309.770 426,505,863 463.218,612 $29,974,481 $25,029,757 143,045 49,004 48, 688 7, 862 4,765 18,431 685 New Kngland: Maine 1,260 1,585 2,285,415 1,754,688 233, 124 157, 679 698 145 127 80 59 151 (') New Uampshire 018 730 998, 244 1,261,176 107,365 116,830 310 67 85 42 5 109 (‘) Vermont 469 ■118 826, 122 930, 200 92,030 85, 121 276 47 80 58 6 1 1 Massachusetts 9,552 8, 346 29,260,143 25, 882, 372 1,676,790 1,493,714 2,015 287 388 243 42 6,577 (') lUiodft Island 281 581 437, 560 789, 698 43,033 61,292 140 16 34 12 8 70 1 Connecticut 1,597 1,987 3,823,522 3, 838, 502 316, 752 278,373 993 128 289 54 9 123 1 Mimn.n Atl.\ntic: New York 22, 496 25,0.51 37, 857, 829 40,375,854 2, 875, 495 2, 538, 363 6,382 1,9.51 11,057 2,557 • 259 277 13 New Jensey 24,069 25, 3,50 38,822,987 28, 339, 302 1,954,125 1,406, 049 8, 084 4,332 1,744 124 Q 0.30 Pennsylvania 8, 678 12; 271 13, 620,047 19, 260,560 1; 175', 016 P 268) 827 4,136 1,235 2,594 558 139 4 12 East Noktu Centkal: Ohio 11,591 21,121 15,721,023 33,736,030 1,296,343 1,767,357 4,706 2,425 3,869 359 226 3 3 Indiana 5, 919 13,115 7, 424, 831 22,088,205 612,725 1,113,527 2,574 1,347 1,412 165 274 4 143 Illinois 11,723 16,794 13, 602, 676 26,129,216 1,109,747 1,293, 233 5,410 3, ,503 1,945 252 603 10 (') Michigan 21,419 29, 197 27,214,659 40,168,178 2,028,865 1, 680, 249 8,051 2,973 8,786 609 297 202 501 Wisconsin 6,305 12,389 9,782,779 15, 459,026 765, 437 835,119 2,863 407 964 298 82 1,689 2 West North Central; Minnesota 3,738 3,092 4,476,575 4,542,640 493, 406 339,569 1,873 145 1,388 200 71 61 (*) Iowa 7,211 9, 635 10, 344, 052 11,327,132 966, 894 878, 447 2, 917 2,279 1,573 253 189 (‘) (*) Missouri 17,009 14,860 23, 696,221 21,484,920 1,761,409 1,050,811 9,048 5,975 1,331 92 555 8 (') North Dakota 399 67 285, 696 70, 152 39,641 7,785 88 2 85 138 86 South Dakota 419 161 401,295 165,744 47, 263 16,629 226 5 66 67 55 (') Nebraska 1,411 1,171 1,594,421 1,211,630 159, 169 98,159 562 428 247 86 88 Kansas si 400 5,824 5, 477,274 6, 572, 036 454, 200 406; 46-1 1,719 2, 682 713 98 188 (U South Atlantic; Delaware 8,687 10,599 14, 425, 209 13, 670, 380 649, 732 461, 621 7, 194 1,256 223 3 11 Maryland 16^595 17,522 26, 277,054 27, 957, 590 1,227,548 1, 18I; 054 U , 292 1,180 846 36 241 (‘) District of Columbia 12 82 24,109 126, 332 1, 875 l \ 855 11 (’i) 1 (i) Virginia 7,293 8,796 11,342,980 13, 473, 920 671,843 765,097 6,606 344 ^ 276 5 22 40 2 West Virginia 2,913 1,994 2, 336, 562 2, 388,070 191,002 149,391 709 1,292 847 30 30 5 North Carolina 6,701 6, 837 12, 827, 427 11,9.34,060 8.53,076 599, 963 5, 420 1^233 40 3 5 (0 South Carolina '591 1,408,099 959,305 113,254 59; 486 '815 38 2 1 (1) Georgia 988 1,634 1,262,155 1,507,928 111,754 90, 785 890 67 29 1 1 (') Florida 1,356 1,348 2, 396, 573 1,770,980 302,383 189, 867 1,343 13 (') (') East South Central; Kentucky 4,387 6,126 4, 972, 702 8, 862, 560 357,597 435, 462 1,553 2,141 564 14 115 (1) Tennessee 12^ 539 12,944 13, 895, 493 15, 200, 120 923, 613 593, 092 10^761 1^514 253 9 9 Alabama L232 '761 1', 907, 193 953, 570 165,386 54; 097 1,167 53 11 (■) 1 (') Mississippi 836 1,549 1,407,301 1,735, 480 107,171 141,009 772 58 5 (') 1 E * West South Central; Arkansas 8,032 10, 819 8,965,572 14,097,990 601, 722 604, 323 7,361 525 123 4 19 (') (') Louisiana 3,587 1,408 6, 420, 207 1,856,510 486,988 172, 803 3,570 16 1 Oklahoma 2,745 21,388 2, 310, .367 21,475,790 202, 291 292,223 '825 1,792 85 36 7 (') Texa.s 5, 053 3,904 6, 182, 742 5, 208, 920 480, 331 304, 680 2,161 2,773 104 6 9 Mountain; Montana 562 554 766,791 1,033,885 86, 586 79, 891 265 34 113 115 35 (*) Idaho 1,673 957 2, 071,141 1,246,110 201,525 95, 115 698 170 496 167 142 0) Wyoming ’ 106 37 96,883 37,330 13,984 4,964 24 0) 14 41 27 ColoradoT 2,829 2,347 4,294,988 3, 649, 230 398, 836 294, 385 1,326 228 801 282 192 New Mexico 66 48 76, 532 59,690 9,335 5,768 20 10 12 7 17 (') (') Arizona 76 79 112,190 129, 470 12, 987 12, 265 58 16 1 1 (U Utah 1,416 1,052 3,118,395 1,694,730 217, 327 117, 489 719 95 374 128 100 Nevada 37 53 50,287 76,860 5,683 8, 786 5 1 9 11 11 Pacific; Washington 5,508 2, 845 13, 490, 930 5, 406,996 941,415 326, 646 3,283 769 1,210 127 114 5 0) Oregon 5,122 3,470 9,348,490 6, 645,534 641,194 386, 632 2,941 431 1,460 89 186 14 1 California 9,687 6,281 26, 824, 120 14,581,951 1, 789, 214 911,411 4,585 2,576 1,992 407 74 53 (') • Reported in small fractions. Orchard fruits (Table 62). — Neither in 1910 nor in 1900 did the census schedules call for the acreage of orchard fruits, but at both censuses the number of trees of bearing age was called for, and at the later census also the number not of bearing age. In the report of the census of 1900, however, the behef was expressed that some trees not of bearing age were re- ported by the enumerators as of bearing age. This doubtless accounts wholly or in part for the decreasc in the reported number of trees of bearing age for all classes of orchard fruits combined, from 369,377,000 in 1900 to 301,117,000 in 1910. Decreases also appear in the totals for the United States for every kind of orchard fruit which was reported separately. The num- ber of trees which were not of bearing age in 1910 was 130,973,000. The total production of orchard fruits in 1909 was 216,084,000 bushels, or only slightly more than in 1899, but all the kinds of fruit excej)t apples, in which there was a tlecrease, show high ])ercentages 2 Includes Indian Territory. of increase. The value of all orchard fruits in 1909, however, $140,867,000, was 68.2 per cent greater than the value in 1899, and rcji resented 2.6 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The production of orchard fruits as a group is very widely distributed throughout the country. As meas- ured by number of trees of bearing age in 1910, the East North Central was the leading tlivision, followed by the West North Central and the South Atlantic; but as determined by value of fruit produced in 1909 the ranking is (piitc dilTerent, the Middle Atlantic divi- sion standing first, the Pacific division second, ami the East North Central thiixl. The leading states in the value of fruit ])roduced are California and New York. Apples are much (he most important of the orchard fruits, their value in 1909 being 59.1 j)er cent of the total. Peaches and nectarines rank next, with 20.4 per cent of the total, followed by jilums and prunes, pears, cherries, ami a]n-icots and (piinces in the order named. 411 FARM CROPS, RY S^FATES. Dofinito conclusions as to tho relative i]n[)ortance of tlill’erent states can not always ho drawn from the nuinber of trees of hearing age, since tho trees in some states are much more prolific than in others, nor does tho production of any given year furnish an altogether satisfactory index, since weather conditions may he favorable in one part of the country and unfavorable in another. ORCIIARI) FRUITS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. TabloGS DIVISION Trees of bearing age: 1910 Trees not of bearing PRODUCTION (BUSUE^S). VALUE. OR STATE. ago: 1910 1909 1899 1909 18991 u. s . . . . 301,117,277 130,973,352 216,083,695 212, 365, 600 $140, 867,347 $83,750,961 Geog.divs.: New Eng. 9.505,622 2,904,978 11,235,5.37 12,006,412 7,327,873 4,329,590 Mid. Atl.. 33,977,615 15,475,107 45,114,602 57,577,644 28,641,924 21,113,717 E.N.C... 55,722,972 21,645,205 33,927,577 50, 679, 428 24,366,592 17,029,503 W.N.C.. 52,805,414 15,211,756 25,513,920 15,403,365 14,703,345 7,347,031 S. Atl 45,951.571 17,881,177 25,544,335 29,550,477 15, 706, 294 8,581,087 E.S.C... 25,275,885 10,443,210 20,042,253 13,444,525 11,110,041 4,340,252 w.s.c... 38, 179. 158 18,022,455 7,058,045 6,064,017 5,329,866 3,205,690 Mountain 7,685,221 9,718,919 7,478,005 1,646,677 25,393,055 7,648,546 1,371,803 Pacific . . . 32,013,819 19,670,545 40, 169, 421 25,972,866 10,432,288 New Eng.: Me 3,586,452 1,090,768 3,694,251 1,438,919 2,207,748 833, 634 N. U 1,308,937 271,153 1,165,044 2,017,880 719, 777 707, 729 Vt 1,206,700 252,401 1, 492, 499 1,191,429 801,365 450,429 Mass 1,698,220 591,796 2,7^3,679 3, 158, 781 2,074,270 1,170,868 R. I 215, 798 94,564 245,822 360,298 197,639 155,571 Conn 1,. 309,515 604,296 1,874,242 3,839,105 1,327,074 1,011,359 Mid. Atl.: N. Y 17,625,093 7,363,614 29,456,291 26, 172,310 17,988,894 10,542,272 N. J 3,165,749 2, 190,2.36 2,372,358 6, 168, 480 1,975,044 2,594,981 Pa 13, 186, 773 5,921,257 13,285,953 25,236,854 8,677,986 7,976,404 E. N.Cent.: Ohio 14,933,813 5,603,742 6,711,208 21,399,273 5,691,530 6,141,118 Ind 10,050,759 3,787,631 4,713,537 9,304,482 3,709,275 3, 166,338 Ill 15,033,743 3,919,267 4,939,211 9,767,211 9,859,862 3,857,743 3,778,811 Mich 12, 842, 827 6,679,949 15.220,104 9,020,842 3,075,845 Wis 2,861,830 1,654,616 2,343,517 348,600 2,087,202 267,391 W. N.Cent.: Minn 1,644,590 1,787,107 1,060,659 143, 655 801, 112 109,050 Iowa 9, 208, 387 2, 802, 548 7,234, 168 3,456,422 4, 283, 873 1,849,767 Mo 23, 128, 107 5, 748, 159 11,957,399 6,805,501 6,582,578 2, 944, 175 N.Dak... 40,296 128,037 5,685 1,647 9,688 1,061 S. Dak... 599.586 721,924 229, 907 26,401 209, 3.39 29,508 Nebr 5,061,984 1,750,584 3,572,253 1,456,053 1,932, 124 084,751 Kans S. Atl.: 13, 122, 464 2,273,397 1,447,849 3,513,686 944,631 1,728,659 Del 2. 102, 313 575,897 309,274 884,797 195,706 263, 127 Md 3,501,774 1,671,435 2,577,359 3,710,666 1,517,400 1,266,047 D. C 3,583 74 3, 655 1,002 3,169 773 Va 9, 609, 799 4,631,587 6,581,101 10, 497, 401 3,582,359 2,662,483 W. Va.... 6,770,384 4,589,587 4,709,959 7,642,193 3,040, 192 2,155,509 N. C 8, 162, 464 2,971,879 6,324,301 5,124,959. 3,248,036 1, 269, 614 S. C 2, 169,986 723, 8921 1,1:32,668 432, 173. 956, 376 272, 794 Ga 13, 179, 852 2,517,378 3,670,830 1,028,833| 2,930,793 497,847 Fla 451,416 199,448 235,188 228,453 232, 203 192, 893 E. S. Cent.: Ky 8,722,441 3,595,244 9,447,858 6,286, 174 4,506,950 1,943,645 Tenn 8,959,070 5,039,618 3, 734, 080 6,484,550 5,599,688 3,459,077 1,818,508 1, 479, 915 Ala 1,759,888 2,475,540 947,736 476,574 Miss 2,554,756 1,353,998 1, 634, 305 610,927 1,325,506 440,118 W. S. Cent.: Ark 15,531,761 7,258, 166 4,437,917 3,. 359, 865 3,011,377 1,252,203 La 1,206,920 495,825 392, 6)07 283,087 314,027 225, 476 Okla 8.880,445 5,307,392 1, 137,288 5 061,334 943,464 2382,588 Tex 12,560,032 4,961,072 1,090,233 2,359,731 1,000,998 1,345,423 Mountain: Mont 749, 104 1,363,798 591,088 45,192 609,078 59,414 Idaho. . . . 1,519,389 2,036,368 924,223 452,.000 863,516 365,224 Wyo 33,497 97,013 18,586 1,145 39,774 1,420 Colo 2,947,920 3,151,784 4,565,849 354,049 4,651,792 378, 119 N. Mex... 803,068 1,282,211 504,059 267,835 519,677 197,331 Ariz 152, 340 116,988 153,885 113,306 241, 110 96, 764 Utah 1,385,681 1,641,755 633,739 397,863 040,904 263,098 Nev 94,222 29,002 86,576 15,287 82, 695 10, 433 Pacific: Wash. ... 4. 944, 889 6,951,251 4, 244, 670 1,180,357 4,274, 124 999,487 Oreg 4,583,735 4,309,232 4,423,244 1,522,002 3,339,845 900,015 Cal 22, 485, 195 8,410,062 31,501,507 22, 690, 696 18,358,897 14,526,786 * Includes value of dried fruits, cider, vinegar, etc. * Includes Indian Territory. Apples (Table 63). — The number of apple trees of bearing age in 1910 was 151,323,000, and there were 65,792,000 trees not of bearing age. The pro- duction in 1909 was 147,522,000 bashels, as compared with 175,398,000 bushels in 1899, a decrease of 15.9 per cent. The value of the apple crop in 1909 was $83,231,000 or 1.5 per cent of tho total value of all crops. Values were not reported for individual kinds of fruit in 1899. While apple production is widely distributed, the leading geographic divisions are the Middle Atlantic, East North Central, and West North Central. There is, however, a marked development in the western sec- tions of the country, which hi part ex])lains the fact that in 1910 the ratio of the number of trees not of bearing age to the number of bearing age was much higher in the West South Central, ^Mountain, and Pacific divisions than in any of the more easterly divisions except the South Atlantic. APPLES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 63 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OR STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bushels). United States 151,322,840 65,791,848 147, 522, 318 $83,231,492 175,397,600 Geographic divisions: New England 8,219,152 2,094,512 10,508,457 6,272,720 11,649, 204 Middle Atlantic 20,302,285 5,849,449 37, 864,532 19,856,752 52,812,804 East North Central 34,134,909 10,610,319 25,080,615 14,669,289 47,650,850 West North Central 31,744,757 20,673,712 9,724,993 22,633,47C 11,792,010 14,322,739 South Atlantic 10,064,819 18,375,485 9,461,189 26, 772,835 East South Central 12, 273,277 5,386,555 13, 163, 18C 6,073,710 12, 409, 702 West South Central 11,838,069 7,224,590 3, 240, lot 2,085,260 3,805,702 Mountain 4,614,667 6,679,166 5,718,372 5,536, 183 882,598 Pacific 7,522,012 8, 157,445 10,938,099 7,484,367 5,091,166 New Engl-ANd: Maine 3,476,616 1,045,123 3,636,181 2, 121,816 1,421,773 New Hampshire 1,240,885 207,289 1,108,424 637, 990 1,978,797 1,176,822 Vermont 1,183,529 219, 8:13 1,459,689 752,337 Massachusetts 1,367,375 355, 868 2,550, 25^ 1, 780, 290 3,023,436 Rhode Island 152,009 798,734 54,560 211,839 212, 90f 147, 125 339,445 Connecticut 1,540,996 833, 168 3,708,931 Middle Atlantic: New York 11,248,203 2,828,515 25,409,324 13,343,028 24,111,257 New Jersey 1,053,626 519,749 1,406,778 956, 108 4,640,896 Pennsylvania 8, 000,456 2,501,185 11,048,430 5,557,616 24,060,651 Ea.st North Central: Ohio 8,504,886 2,438,246 4,663,752 2,970,851 20, 617, 480 Indiana 5,764,821 1,961,974 2,759,134 1,720,811 8,620,278 Illinois 9,900,627 2,548,301 3,093,321 2,111,866 9, 178, 150 Michigan 7,534,343 2,253,072 1,408,726 12,332,296 5,969,080 8,931,569 W isconsin 2,430,232 2,232,112 1,896,681 303,373 West North Central: Minnesota 1,380,396 1,571,816 1,044,156 769,114 120, 143 Iowa 5,847,034 1,914,325 6,746,668 3,550,729 3,129,862 Missouri 14,359,673 3,624,833 9,968,977 4,885,544 6,496,436 North Dakota 15,941 70,023 4,374 191,784 7,270 1,273 South Dakota 274,862 460,547 158, 729 17, 121 N ebraska 2,937,178 967, 133 3,321,073 1,612,765 1,343,497 Kansas 6,929,673 1,116,316 1,356,438 807,865 3,214,407 South Atlantic: Delaware 429,753 263,813 183,094 115,371 702, 920 Maryland 1,288,482 660,685 1,822,824 902,077 3, 150, 673 District of Columbia. .. 1,654 29 2,952 2,162 283 Virginia 7,004,548 3,435,591 6, 103,941 3,129,832 9,835,982 West Virginia 4,570,948 2,772,025 4, 225, 163 2,461,074 7, 495, 743 North Carolina 4,910,171 1,835,337 4,775,693 2,014,670 4,662,751 South Carolina 581,767 269,044 362,806 276,410 251,728 Georgia 1,878,209 822,327 895,613 555, 744 670,889 Florida 8, 180 5,968 3,405 3,849 1,866 East South Central: Kentucky 5,538,267 2, 106,297 7,308,499 3,066,776 6,053,717 Tennessee 4,838,922 2,117,246 4,640,444 2,172,475 5,387,775 Alabama 1,468,436 737,689 888,396 620, 745 719,175 Mississippi 427,652 425,323 265,841 213,714 249,035 West South Central; Arkansas 7,650, 103 3,940,089 2,296,043 1,322,785 2,811,182 Louisiana 93,304 96,544 33,875 28,744 .68, 735 Oklahoma 2,955,810 2,060,384 742, 182 573,076 >333,800 Texas 1,138,852 1,127,573 168,008 160,655 591,985 Mountain: Montana 696, 753 1,308,066 567,054 566,938 43,939 Idaho 1,005.668 1,539,896 659,959 610,504 223,662 Wyoming Colorado 27,773 84,024 17,836 37,580 989 1,688,425 1,972,914 3,559,094 3,405,442 257,563 New Me.xico 542,528 914,254 417,143 420,536 142,332 Arizona 62,027 53,884 72, 814 109,395 13,471 Utah 517,039 789, 260 350,023 319, 691 189, 882 Nevada 74,454 16,868 74,449 66,097 10, 760 Paopic: Washington 3,009,337 4,862,702 2,672, 100 2,925,761 728, 978 Oregon 2,029,913 2, 240, 636 1,930,926 1,656,944 873,980 California 2,482,762 1,054, 107 6,335,073 2,901,662 3,488,208 I Includes Indian Territory. 412 ABSTRACT OF THI^] CENSUS— AGRICULTURE Peaches and nectarines (Table 04). — The number of peacli and nectarine trees of bearing ago April 15, 1910, was 94,507,000, and tlie number not of bearing age 42,266,000. The value of peaches and nectarines produced in 1909 was .*128,781,000. The production is very widely distributed . In number of trees of bearing ago in 1910 the West South Central division ranked lirst and the South Atlantic division second; but m the production of 1909 the Pacific division (in which nearly the enth’O production is in California) decidedly out- ranked all others, with the East South Central division second and the South Atlantic third. PEACHES AND NECTARINES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table (il 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OR STATE. Trees of hearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bashels). United States 94,506,657 42, 266, 243 35, 470, 276 $28, 781, 078 15, 432, 603 Geographic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic 72,3, 810 6,050, 690 572,237 5,759,925 406,903 3,201,493 632,411 4,018,034 104, 737 1,231,242 East North Central 11,035,119 6, 972,375 5, 120,841 5, 172, 957 716,670 West North Central 13,26.5,526 2,582,028 1,643,257 1,250,944 212,932 South Atlantic 20,583,445 6, 137, 901 5,571,628 4,888,459 1,412, 471 East South Central 10,312,768 3,865,232 5, 775, 799 4, 098, 776 549,226 West South Central 22,284,966 8,734,552 3,279, 545 2,761,044 2,192,353 Mountain 1,605,285 1,696,111 940, 168 1,071,446 4, 887,007 267,365 Pacific 8, 639, 048 5, 945, 882 9,530, 642 8, 745, 607 New England: Maine 5, 102 3,320 2,014 3,205 1,895 New Hampshire 57,571 35,213 23,218 37,884 6,054 Vermont 5,492 2, 187 2,221 4,399 967 Massachusetts 154,592 162, 114 91,756 138, 716 27,906 Rhode Island 39,342 30, 795 17, 704 30,609 6,140 Connecticut 461,711 338,608 2,216,907 269,990 1, 736, 483 417,598 2,014,088 61,775 466, 850 Middle Atlantic: New York... . 2, 457, 187 New Jersey 1,216,476 2,383,027 1,363,632 441,440 1,023, 570 652,771 620,928 Pennsylvajiia 2, 179,386 1,351,175 143,464 East North Centr.a.l: Ohio 3, 133,368 2,092, 300 1,0.36,340 1,349,311 240, 686 Indiana 2, 1.30, 298 1,145,479 1,174,389 1, 123, 248 69,333 Illinois 2,860,120 739,358 1,222,570 999, 516 66,805 Minhipan 2, 907, 170 2,991,090 1,686, 586 1,700,330 339,637 Wisconsin 4, 163 4,148 956 552 209 West North Central: Minnesota 1,571 3,837 599 659 190 Iowa 1,090, 749 283, 308 23, 180 24,950 5,481 Missouri 6,588,034 1,404,429 1,484,548 1,110,550 01,006 North Dakota 90 604 35 71 South Dakota 1,815 ,5,259 148 167 13 Nebraska 1.188,373 263,882 110,180 91,129 8,753 Kansas 4,394,894 620,709 24,567 23,418 137,489 South Atlantic: Delaware 1,177,402 212,117 16,722 21,402 9,750 Maryland 1,497,724 805,063 324,609 361,617 172,303 District of Columbia . . . 330 1 3 3 3 Virginia 1,585,505 780,551 243,446 227, 141 357,339 West Virginia 1,424,582 1,441,188 328, 901 368, 584 18, 100 North Carolina 2,661,791 861,042 1,344,410 1,041,767 373,663 South Carolina 1,336, 142 349, 790 643,040 557,303 129,472 Georgia 10,609,119 1,531,367 2,55.5,499 2, 182,613 2.59, 728 Florida 290,850 156, 782 114,998 128, 029 92,113 East South Central: Kentucky 2,245,402 1,110, 744 1,623,379 1,062, 138 34,700 Tennessee 3, 163, 737 1, 190, 727 1,. 579, 019 1,055,379 77,078 Alabama 3,177,331 838,866 1,416,584 1,055,971 184,543 Mississippi 1,726,298 724,895 1,156,817 925,288 2.52,305 West South Central: Arkansas 6,859,962 2,884,927 1,901,647 1,502,990 33,3,642 Louisiana 903,3.52 316, 132 200,623 228,084 1,5.3, 808 Oklahoma 4,783,82.5 2,574,680 3.57,64-1 326,315 '304,663 Texas 9.737,827 2,958,813 729,631 703,049 1,400,240 Mountain: Montana 538 3,386 128 235 17 Idaho 73,080 212,995 18,734 28, 149 17, 793 Wyoming 46 419 5 30 Colorado 793,372 606,001 692,258 704,561 47,381 Now Mexico 136, 191 184, 466 32,533 37, 195 76,204 A rizona 51,41.5 32,562 50, 102 80,325 38,092 Utah 544,314 651,233 143,237 156,451 8.5,315 Nevada 6,329 5, 049 3, 171 4,500 2,503 I’Aanc: Washington 5.36, 875 1,028, 14! 84,494 118,918 80,990 Oregon 2Ti, 162 508, 179 179,030 9,267, 118 194,314 101, 190 8,503,427 California 7,829,011 4, 409, 562 4,573, 775 Pears (Table 65). — The number of pear trees re- ported as of bearing age in 1910 was 15,172,000, and there were 8,804,000 trees not of bearing age. The production increased from 6,625,000 bushels in 1899 to 8,841,000 bushels in 1909, or 33.4 per cent. The value of the crop in 1909 was $7,911,000. In number of trees of bearing age in 1910, the Middle Atlantic and East North Central divisions ranked far above the others, but in the production for 1909 the Pacific divi- sion stood first. California and New York together produced about three-eighths of the total pear crop. Only one other state, Michigan, reported the produc- tion of more than 500,000 bushels of pears. PEARS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table G5 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OR STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Pro- duction (bu.sh- els). Value. Pro- duction (bush- els). United States 15,171,524 8, 803, 885 8, 840, 733 $7,910,600 6, 625, 417 Geographic divisions; New England 296,874 97,650 233,845 258,816 183,728 Middle Atlantic 3,670,094 2,123,242 2, 185,204 2,029,040 2, 185, 165 East North Central 3,560,083 1,441,505 1,623,176 1,331,712 782,265 West North Central 1,154,426 2,325,714 589, 140 213,678 239,838 86,804 South Atlantic 880, 461 975, 162 680,275 745,294 East South Central 831,618 506,959 536, 422 450,042 180, 128 West South Central 1,045,143 936,230 191,518 192,736 225,265 Mountain 312,449 417, 182 268,205 371,306 133, 482 Pacific 1,975, 123 1,811,516 2,613,523 2,356,835 2, 103,286 New England: Maine 46,683 13,013 38,964 43,524 11,200 New Hampshire 36,816 9,397 24,224 25,206 19,341 Vermont 26,315 7,726 20,763 23,788 10,239 Massachusetts 113,365 38,378 96,071 110,069 89,011 Rhode Island 16,907 5,405 12,501 14,577 12, 452 Connecticut 56,788 23,731 41,322 41,652 41,485 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,141,596 1,502,661 1,343,089 1,418,218 960, 170 New Jersey 731,616 238, 401 46:3,290 254,582 790,818 Pennsylvania 796,882 382, 180 378,825 356,240 434,177 East North Central: Ohio 899,019 333,739 374,871 332,727 244,565 Indiana 708,723 229,548 319,925 243,698 231,713 Illinois 786,349 234,037 249,365 202,965 133,745 Michigan 1, 136, 151 623,931 666, 023 535,771 170,702 Wisconsin 29,841 20,250 12,992 16,551 1,640 WE.ST North Central: Minnesota 2,792 4,135 400 465 226 Iowa 191,125 123,262 44, 449 58,777 5,014 Missouri 606,973 272,213 142,547 148,789 58,449 North Dakota 24 327 8 15 1 South Dakota 1,844 5,087 162 447 157 Nebraska 59,285 51,443 6,700 9,802 979 Kansas 292,383 132,673 19,412 21,543 21,978 South Atlantic: Delaware 449,692 90,917 105,357 52,022 156,208 Maryland 540,583 138, 152 367,359 168,561 301, 702 District of Columbia 1,045 32 455 412 468 Virginia 457, 177 255,083 74,486 63,424 88,400 West Virginia 154,908 102,826 29,916 32, 101 19, 475 North Carolina 243, 367 150,368 84,019 81,347 25,521 South Carolina 10.5,251 .54,732 65,680 67,685 20,439 Georgia 262,982 69,534 149,667 134,004 49, 497 Florida 110,709 18,817 98,223 80,119 83,584 East South Central: Kentucky 3,37,355 131,90.5 251,536 187,951 76,940 Tennessee 2,33, 407 174,675 83,557 78,448 43,609 Alabama 142,300 99,170 100,041 86,866 22,656 Mississippi 118,556 101,209 101,288 96,777 36,923 West South Central: Arkarusas 221,764 196,753 37,547 38, 140 24,. 503 Louisiana 57,630 38,242 3,5,554 31,069 29, 40.5 Oklahoma 207,271 252,336 7,450 9,248 >4,939 Texas 658, 478 448,899 110,967 114,279 166,418 Mountain: Montana 10,297 12,806 7,543 12,008 24 Idaho 65,113 76,939 42,649 48,045 25,324 Wyoming 178 901 16 6.5 3 Colorado 99,989 171,367 132,, 536 210,685 19,272 New Mexico 37,220 100,201 29,435 29,688 14,777 Arizona 16,351 12,852 13,289 21,331 13, 197 Utah 79,3,55 39,901 38,6.54 44,305 69,9.82 Nevada 3,946 2,215 4,083 5, 119 903 Pacific: Washington 290, 676 617,7.54 310,804 328,895 78,236 Oregon 273,542 795,669 374,622 366,977 112,225 California 1,410,905 398,093 1,928,097 1,060,90:1 1,912,825 > Includes Indian Territory. 'Includes Indian Territory. 413 FARM CROPS, ]^Y STA4'ES. Plums and prunes (Table GO). — Plum and prune trees of bearin" age in 1910 numbered 23,445,000 and those not of bearing age 0,924,000. The produc- tion in 1909 was 15,480,000 bushels, or 7G.6 per cent greater than that in 1899, 8,704,000 bushels. The value of the crop in 1909 was S10,299,000. The Pacific division in 1910 had over two-fifths of the trees of bearing age, and in 1909 produced nearly four- fifths of the total crop. New York is the most im- portant of the eastern states in the production of plums and prunes. PLUMS AND PRUNES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 66 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OR STATE. Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing ago. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). United States 23,445,009 6,923,581 15,480,170 $10,299,495 8, 764, 032 Geographic divisions; New England 176,038 90, 498 62,733 110, 178 24,976 Middle Atlantic 1,709,712 845,001 858,274 928, 673 428,583 East North Central 2, 739, 635 976, 854 568, 383 674, 671 596, 753 West North Central 3,570,012 1,114,862 499,784 535,374 428,048 South Atlantic 1,152,080 363,099 257,912 236, 221 190,561 East South Central 1,324,616 372,010 442,125 314,199 228,558 West South Central 2,337,965 744,987 327,260 267, 703 397,266 Mountain 678, 268 265,810 366, 056 319,651 248,223 Pacific 9,756,683 2,150,460 12,097,643 6,912,825 6,221,064 New England: Maine 43,576 22, 491 14,637 31,954 2,282 New Hampshire 23, 152 12,562 7,542 14,039 4,942 Vermont 32,920 15,818 7,205 12, 927 1,529 Msissachusetts 41,345 23,871 17,814 28, 253 5,919 Rhode Island 4,836 2,556 1,872 3,586 571 Connecticut 30,209 1.3,200 13,663 19, 419 9,733 Middle Atlantic: New York 919,017 328,329 553,522 519, 192 303,688 New Jersey 46,547 23,071 9,594 13, 476 24,685 Pennsylvania 744, 148 493,601 295, 158 396,005 100, 210 East North Central: Ohio 1,001,734 332,811 215, 657 278,505 81,435 Indiana 566, 988 177,931 77,065 89,073 131,529 Illinois T 600.087 141,480 78, 566 80,384 157,941 Michigan 464,917 253, 479 181, 188 205,765 213,682 W isconsin 105,909 71,153 15,907 20,944 12, 166 West North Central: Minnesota 233, 736 167, 926 19,920 27, 808 21,820 Iowa 1,155,041 24.5, 281 158, 036 192, 421 186,312 Missouri 917,851 183, 828 234,872 211,472 111,603 North Dakota 19, 147 35,459 1,048 1,866 365 South Dakota 268, 268 172, 186 31,748 36, 872 8,114 Nebraska 351,321 184, 066 41,910 50, 934 42,314 Kansas 624, 648 126,116 12,250 14,001 57,520 South Atlantic: Delaware 27, 115 3,872 657 540 7,315 Maryland District of Columbia 69, 996 104 29, 478 8 13,526 10 16, 192 24 19, 945 Virginia 171,667 59, 127 22, 597 22, 772 21, 167 West Virginia 234, 859 125, 078 32,948 48,522 19,123 North Carolina 168, 883 45, 503 61,406 45, 274 22,074 South Carolina 82, 212 21,657 48, 754 37, 555 16, 177 Georgia 357, 323 62, 126 60,845 46,366 36,920 Florida 39, 921 16,250 17, 169 18, 976 47, 840 East South Central: Kentucky 355, 858 128, 367 139, 346 102,446 76, 574 Tennessee 499, 627 108,510 139,093 86, 743 73, 315 Alabama 211,991 51,979 61,712 45, 039 11,876 Mississippi 257, 140 83, 154 101,974 79,971 66, 793 West South Centr.il: Arkansas 731, 276 179,967 194, 649 137, 003 174,734 Louisiana 149,929 41,419 31,473 24, 641 29,682 Oklahoma 436, 421 195, 836 25,916 28, 134 >12,037 Texas 1.020,339 327,765 75,222 77,925 180,813 Mountain: Montana 21, 140 15,001 8, 777 11,642 373 Idaho 302, 855 98, 017 179, 027 132, 804 164, 468 Wyoming 4,564 7,475 659 1,842 7 Colorado 143,921 68,525 81,539 81,354 15,224 New Mexico 51,257 42,351 15, 528 17,054 18, 492 Arizona 12, 196 7,898 8,420 16,261 3, 133 Utah 135, 619 23,388 68, 249 54,040 45,984 Nevada 6,716 3, 155 3,857 4,654 542 Pacific: Washington 823,082 122,912 1,032,077 600,503 229,207 Oregon 1,764,896 427, 609 1,747,587 838, 783 359, 821 California 7, 168, 705 1,599,939 9,317,979 5,473.539 5, 632, 036 1 Includes Indian Territory. Cherries (Table G7).— The number of cherry trees of bearing age in 1910 was 11,822,000, while trees not of bearing ago numbered 5,G22,000. The production in 1909 was 4,12G,000 bushels, or 43. G per cent more than that in 1899, 2,873,000 bushels. The cro]) hi 1909 was valued at $7,231,000. The East North Cen- tral was the loading division, both in number of trees and in production, while the Pacific division ranked second in production but third in number of trees not of bearing age and fifth in number of trees of bearing age. CHERRIES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 67 1910 1909 1899 DIVISION OR STATE. Tree.s of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bush- eis). Value. Produc- tion (bush- els). United States 11,822,044 5,621,660 4,126,099 $7,231,160 2,873,499 Geographic divisions: New England 68,236 32,587 14„904 38,424 23,445 Middle .Atlantic 1,851,144 659, 953 791,326 1,541,708 775, 587 East North Central 3, 8.53, 974 1,523,247 1,410,298 2, .362, 344 851,326 West North Central 2,768,659 1,117,533 515,690 935, 537 297,873 South Atlantic 1,063,825 364, 118 327, 706 394,990 391,799 East South Central 453,262 257, 112 94, 873 143, 166 49,457 West South Central 385,502 242,569 9,954 14,401 13,635 Mountain 390, 644 581,641 147,854 300,485 33,9.56 Pacific 986, 798 842, 900 813,494 1,500, 105 436,421 New England: Maine 14,288 6,653 2,403 7, 164 1,550 New Hampshire 9,463 6,326 1,403 4, 133 1,183 Vermont 18, 006 6,659 2,506 7,651 1,069 Massachusetts 13,396 6,776 4,761 10,848 6,043 Rhode Island. . 964 453 214 464 1,329 Connecticut 12,119 5,720 3,617 8,164 12,271 Middle Atlantic: New York. . . 673, 989 342,959 271,597 544, 508 218,642 New Jersey . . 102, 124 36, 743 44,636 87,225 82,005 Pennsylvmiia 1, 075, 031 280,251 475,093 909,975 474,940 East North Central: Ohio 1,144,271 342,328 338,644 657, 406 192, 954 Indiana 815, 742 251, 959 363, 993 508,516 228,485 Illinois 843,283 239,605 287,376 453, 474 204,279 Michipan 760, 183 540,580 338, 945 590,829 194, 541 Wisconsin 290,495 148,775 81,340 152, 119 31,067 West North Central: Minnesota. . . . 25, 139 38,399 1,526 2,973 960 Iowa 908, 764 229, 352 260, 432 455,022 118,743 Missouri 622,332 247, 425 123,314 222, 510 62,708 North Dakota 5, 076 21,484 209 445 4 South Dakota 51,613 76,293 5, 924 12, 981 900 Nebraska 494, 468 267,529 89,876 164, 872 54,047 Kansas 661,267 237,051 34,409 76,734 60,511 South Atlantic: Delaware 16, 145 4,598 2,634 4, 850 8,066 Maryland 82,305 27,774 42,315 60, 121 60,452 District of Columbia 435 4 235 568 248 Virginia 352, 783 83, 323 132, 671 134,428 188,693 West Virginia 332,429 124, 567 79,723 111,043 87,828 North Carolina 108, 065 74,111 5.3,788 60, 453 33,899 South Carolinn . . 60,274 25, 764 10, 987 15,880 6,551 Georgia 50, 723 23, 479 4,979 7,199 5,950 Florida 666 498 374 4^18 112 East South Central: Kentucky 212,118 102, 766 52, 163 74,340 34,258 Tennessee 201,830 128, 406 36,303 60,294 11,688 Alabama 25,566 16,673 3,588 4,783 1,159 Mississippi 13, 748 9,267 2, 819 3, 749 2,352 West South Central: Arkansas . . 60,046 47,556 5,993 8,424 7,889 Louisiana 975 760 527 921 336 Oklahoma 295,042 150,541 2,372 4,393 i 3,221 Texas 29,439 43,712 1,062 663 2, 189 Mountain: Montana 19, 938 24,237 7,497 17,985 807 Idaho 61,881 95,423 22, 609 41, 76(5 12,294 Wyoming 919 4,025 68 251 1 Colorado 203,806 319, 624 88,937 173, 895 5,387 New Mexico 21,925 26,818 6,384 10,684 5,228 Arizona 812 1, 608 476 840 220 U tah 79, 775 109,119 21, 402 54, 170 9,905 Nevada 1,588 787 481 894 114 Pacific: Washington 241,038 229,067 131,392 278,547 52, 114 Oregon 223,456 313,770 181,089 269, 934 65,347 California 522,304 300,063 501,013 951,624 318,960 > Includes Indian Territory. 414 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRK^ULTURE Apricots (Table 08). — The production of apricots is mainly confined to California, which produced 98 per cent of the total cro]) in 1909. In Kansas, Okla- homa, and Texas there are a good many aiiricot trees, blit the ])roduction reported for 1909 was insignificant, perhajis because of temjiorarily unfavorable climatic conditions. The number of trees of bearing age in the United States in 1910, as reported, was 3,070,000. The production in 1909 was 4,150,000 bushels, or 57.1 per cent more than that in 1899. The value of the cro]> in 1909 was $2,884,000. Quinces (Table 08). — The production of quinces is much less important than that of the fruits previously mentioned. The total number of trees of bearing age m 1910 was 1,154,000, and of trees not of bearing age 595,000. The production in 1909, 429,000 bushels, was valued at $517,000, New York, Ohio, and Penn- sylvania being the leading states. This crop was not separately reported at the census of 1900. APRICOTS AND QUINCES— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table G8 STATE. 1910 1909 1899 Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (bushels). Value. Produc- tion (bushels). Apricots, total. . 3,669,714 956,202 4,150,263 $2,884,119 2,642,128 .\nzona 0,665 6,992 0, 849 10, 053 40,678 California 2,992,453 581,524 4,066,823 2,768,921 2,547,064 Colorado 16,841 10, 299 11.403 15,658 2,363 Kansas 187,381 28,134 374 512 4,236 New York 10,050 3,537 9,805 14,490 15,710 Oklahoma 173,515 62,930 1,123 1,270 > 509 Oregon 10,656 18,128 4,016 7,727 1.665 Pennsylvania 10, 363 7,576 2,502 4,497 1,6.34 Texas 60, 533 47,895 1,839 2,364 1,620 Utah 28,978 28,639 12,047 12,037 5,272 Washington 30,088 80, 722 10. 789 17,280 5,254 All other states 124, 191 79,826 22.093 29,310 16, 163 Quinces, total . . . 1,154,399 594, 801 428, 672 517,243 C) California 7(5,979 65,471 32,638 26, 266 Connecticut 9,826 10^ 701 4,627 7,027 Illinois 30, 804 12, 180 6,723 8,037 Indiana 5G, 827 17^858 17,873 22,431 Kentucky 29,893 12,313 11,537 11,757 Maryland 20, 936 9,145 6,359 8, 383 Massachusetts 7,484 4,531 2,863 5,754 Michigan 35 ; 461 15,302 13,484 16,858 New jersey 14,777 8, 134 6,442 10,583 New York 169,031 140,703 132,451 135^345 Ohio 245.040 62,413 81, 101 101,369 Oregon 8,102 5.216 5, 354 5,140 Pennsylvania 176,849 77,071 62, 350 102,431 West Virginia 50,708 22,702 13, 163 18’, 676 All other states 221,682 131,001 31,707 37 , 186 > Includes Indian Territory. 2 Not reported separately. Grapes (Table 69). — The total number of grape- vines of bearing age in 1910 was 223,702,000, and the number not of bearing age 59,929,000. The produc- tion of grapes in 1909, 2,571,065,000 pounds, was nearly twice as great as in 1899. The value in 1909, $22,028,000, represented 0.4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. The value given for 1899, $14,090,000, is not precisely comparable witli that for 1909, since it includes tlie value of such derived products as wine and rai.sins, while the value given for 1909 represents the fruit alone. Since, however, in all states except California, the larger part of the grapes are sold in their natural condition, the values shown for most of the states are probably quite closely comparable. GRAPES— VINES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 69 DIVISION OR STATE. Number of vines of bear- ing age: Number of vines not of bearing age; 1910 PRODUCTION (POUNDS). 1 VALUE. 1910 1909 1899 1909 18991 u. s.... 223,701,522 59,928,644 2,671,065,205 1,300,984,097 $22,027,96l' $14,090,234 Geog.divs.: New. Eng. 207,844 % 92,370 3,413,161 4,324,300 108,348 112,614 Mid. Atl.. 38,676,641 12,613,556 293,527,780 299,058,493 4,945,342 3,484,987 E.N.C... 22,708,296 2, 825,671 194,7.30,671 159,936,481 3, 129,363 2,244,659 W.N.C... 9,222,514 1,740,265 41,088,852 32,439, 760 40, 735, 442 1, 156, 625 870,382 S. Atl 1,903,341 543,306 34,579,571 909,900 721,124 E.S.C.... 1,308,203 265, 641 8,143,715 14,817,562 348,397 356,687 w. S. C... 3,937,376 943,918 8,265,667 14,228,318 304,454 371,965 Mountain . 936,328 537,267 4,858,195 5,286,730 128,532 115,206 Pacific — 144,800,979 40,366,650 1,984,597,404 728,017,200 10,997,000 5,812,610 New Eng.: Me 9,731 1,944 2,31,529 275,800 6,954 7,584 N.B 15,802 3,016 375, 164 487,500 10,926 14,462 Vt 9,318 1,845 203,011 240, 100 6,328 7,035 Mass 58,277 14,261 1,132, 838 1,.308, 300 30,858 35,685 K.X 7,662 9,634 1,52,937 189, 700 9,759 4,736 Conn 107,054 61,670 1,317,682 1,822,900 43,523 43,112 Mil). Atl.: N. Y 31,802,097 3,801,800 253,006,361 247,698,056 3,961,677 2, 763, 711 N.J 1,603,280 558,945 6,501,221 4,2.35,000 132,957 81,758 Pa 5, 271,264 8,252,811 34,020,198 47, 125,437 850, 708 639,518 E.N.Cent.:- Ohio 8,326,800 455, 750 43,933,207 79, 173, 873 858,594 992, 745 Ind 1,049,232 149,441 12,817,353 18,651,380 287,707 350,304 Ill 2,170,340 287, 734 16,582,785 20,009,400 426,468 383, 169 Mich 11,013,576 1,869,648 120,695,997 41,530,369 1,531,057 503,268 15,173 Wis 148,348 63,098 701,329 571,459 25,537 W.N.Cent.: Minn 61,916 35,950 293,805 573, 272 11,021 15,593 Iowa 1,983,465 446, 126 11,708,336 7,403,900 330,078 166,360 Mo 3,026,526 486,044 17,871,816 13, 783, 656 488, 755 314,807 N. Dak 379 1,464 36C 1,500 14 108 S.Dak.... 38,647 46, 891 144,634 16,061 4,789 2, 158 Nebr 1,221,736 380, 788 4,752,217 3.171,034 137,295 74, 707 Kans 2,889,845 343,002 6,317,684 15,786,019 184,673 296,649 S. Atl.; Del 260,963 98,950 1,938,267 1,375,300 43,967 31,701 Md 138,801 44,690 2, 152,382 1,685,900 53, 498 43,282 D.C 5, 196 200 28,530 34,30Q 1,059 539 Va 424, 701 136,026 4,108,694 3,608,903 156,266 87,737 W.Va 284,074 76,465 3,224,751 2,192,147 92,834 50,874 N.C 411,278 120,208 15, U6,92C 12,344,001 3,323,835 336,083 197,202 s.c 79, 708 19,704 2,016,506 88,620 82, 706 Ga. ....... 277,658 38,233 2,767,366 8,330,485 99,216 38,357 170, 603 Fla 20,962 8,830 1, 086, 344 1,684,700 56,420 E.S.Cent.: Ky 605,002 77,626 3,0, SO, 182 5,134,215 137,326 112,350 Tenn 338, 758 76,040 1,979,48( 4,355,122 85,423 120, 199 Ala 287,431 77, 105 1,72;!,49( 4,257,600 81,386 84,861 Miss 77,012 34, 870 760, 56c 1,070,625 44,262 39,277 W.S.Cent.: Ark 805,921 177,624 2,593,727 3,621,100 97,985 104,803 La 31,041 20,936 106,595 176,967 6,099 5,927 Okla 2,388,213 447,489 3,762,727 2 0,344,031 122,045 » 1.34,880 Tex 712, 201 297,869 1,802,618 4,086,220 78,325 126,355 Mountain: 173 Mont 986 1,121 37( 1,330 17 Idaho 68,269 124,806 604,227 277,200 18,814 5,721 Wyo 74 1,147 15( 1,200 32 50 Colo 254,292 101,332 1,0,37,6D 586,300 28,026 17, 174 N. Mex 250, 076 122,367 425, 415 1,515,900 16, 101 33,717 Ariz 131,579 84,510 837, 842 1,697,200 25,371 24,779 Utali 204,445 94,043 1,576,36; 920, 000 28,126 27,736 Nev 20, 607 7,941 376, 205 287,600 12,045 5,856 Pacific: 27,242 Wash ,322, 007 371,733 1,704,005 1,194,700 51,412 Oreg 381,. 302 468,598 3,206, 874 5,389,100 98, 776 162,543 Calif 144,097,670 39,526,319 1,979,686,525 721,433,400 10,846,812 5,622,825 * Includes value of wine, grape juice, raisins, etc. * Includes Indian Territory. California had nearly two-thirds of the total num- ber of vines of bearing age in 1910 and produced more than three-fourths of the total graiie crop of 1909. The value of the California jiroduct, however, in 1909 represented slightly less than half of the total for the country. The two states which laink next in the 415 FARM CROPS j)roductioii of grapes are New York and Michigan, but they are raised to some extent in nearly every state. In California and Michigan the production increased greatly between 1899 and 1909. Tropical and subtropical fruits (Tables 70 and 71).' — ^Thc total value of tro])ical and subtropical fruits })roduced in 1909 was $24,707,000, or nearly three times the value of such fruits produced in 1899. The value of citrus fruits was $22,711,000, of figs $804,000, of pineapples $734,000, and that of olives $405,000, other fruits being represented by relatively insignificant amounts. The value of the separate lands of fruit was not reported for 1899. The production of citrus fruits in 1909 amounted to 23,502,000 boxes, as compared with 7,098,000 boxes in 1899 — an increase of 231.1 per cent. To the value of the citrus fruits in 1909 oranges contributed $17,566,000, lemons $2,994,000, and grapefruit $2,061,000. Much the greater part of the tropical and subtropical fruit produced in the United States is grown in California and Florida, the value of the product of the former state in 1909 constituting 67.8 per cent of the total, and that of the latter 28.7 per cent. Oranges. — In 1910 the number of orange trees of bearing age was 9,738,000, and the number not of bearing age, 4, 327,000. ‘ The production in 1909 amounted to 19,487,000 boxes, or more than three times the number in 1899. The value of the 1909 crop was $17,566,000. Nearly three-fourths of the 1909 crop was produced in California, and most of the remainder in Florida. The production in the latter state in 1909 was about eighteen times as great as in 1899, the crop of the earlier year having been greatly reduced by disastrous frosts. Lemons. — There were 957,000 lemon trees of bearing age in the United States in 1910, and 396,000 not of bearing age. The production in 1909 amounted to 2,770,000 boxes, as compared ^vith 877,000 boxes in 1899 — an increase of 215.9 per cent. The value of the crop of 1909 was $2,994,000, the average value per box being somewhat greater than in the case of oranges. Nearly the entire production of lemons was in Cahfomia. Grapefruit. — No other class of fruit shows so great an increase between 1899 and 1909 as pomelo, or grapefruit. Wliile the crop of 1899 was affected by the frosts in Florida, the leading state in the growing of this fruit, the production during recent years has been very much greater than during even the most favorable years prior to 1900. The total number of grapefruit trees of bearing age in 1910 was 710,000, and of trees not of bearing age 641,000. The produc- tion in 1909 amounted to 1,189,000 boxes, as com- * It should be noted that, as in the case of orchard fruits, the number of tropical and subtropical fruit trees reported as of bearing age in 1900 is believed to have included a good many not of bearing age, and to be, therefore, incomparable with the number for 1910. BY STATES. pared with 31,000 bo.xes in 1899, and the crop was* valued at $2,0(51 ,000. Other citrus fruits. — Tlic other citrus fruits are relatively unimportant. They include limes, tanger- ines, and kumquats, chiefly produced in Florida, and mandarins, chiefly jnoduced in Louisiana. The total production of limes amounted to only about 11,000 boxes, valued at slightly more than $12,000. That of tangarines nearly 39,000 boxes, valued at almost $69,000, while that of mandarins and kumquats was very small. CITRUS FRUITS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 70 STATE. 1910 1909 1899 Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (boxes). Value. Produc- tion (boxes). All citrus fruits > . . 11,486,763 5,400,402 223, 502,122 $22,711,443 7, 098, 488 Oranges, total 9,737,927 4,327,271 19,487,481 17,566,464 6, 167, 891 Arizona 33,373 56,982 32, 247 52,341 11,116 California 6,615,805 2,093,410 14,436, 180 12,951,505 5, 882, 193 Florida 2, 766, 618 1,097,896 4, 852,967 4,304,987 273,295 Louisiana 266, 116 155, 016 149,979 222, 339 1,285 10,452 38, 637 3,779 8, 648 Texas. 42; 384 867, 407 ' 10, 694 22,090 Lemons, total 956,920 396, 111 2, 770, 313 2,993,738 876,876 California 941, 293 379, 676 2, 756, 221 2, 976,571 874,305 Florida 11,740 7,329 12,367 13,753 2,359 Pomeloes (grape- fruith total 710, 040 640, 597 1, 189, 250 2, 060, 610 30,790 California 43,424 25,589 122, 515 143, 180 17,851 Florida 656, 213 600, 049 1,061,537 1,907,816 12,306 Limes, total 45,387 30,239 11,318 12,478 22, 839 Florida 45,369 30,088 11,302 12,457 22,714 Tangerines, total 27,271 3,873 38,752 68,770 (^) 3,637 34 3,581 4, 188 23^234 3,839 34^871 64) 082 Mandarins, total 7,227 1,923 3,896 6,553 (’) 6, 875 1,900 3,340 5,945 Kumquats, total 1,988 358 1,112 2,826 (2) 1,955 222 1,091 2, 768 • Includes a small number of citron trees in 1910 and the value of their product in 1909, also a small amount of product in 1899. 2 Exclusive of a small quantity of citrons. 3 No report. Figs. — The production of figs is somewhat more widely distributed than that of the citrus fruits. The total number of trees of bearing age in 1910 was 822,000, but there was a still larger number not of bearing age. The production in 1909 amounted to 35.060.000 pounds, valued at $804,000; the crop in 1899 amounted to 12,995,000 pounds. The leading state is California, which produced nearly two-thirds of the total crop in 1909. Olives. — The production of olives is practically con- fined to Califorma and Arizona. The crop of 1909, 16.405.000 pounds, was more than tlmee times as great as that of 1899. Pineapples. — The production of pineapples m the United States is virtually confined to Florida. The crop of 1909 amounted tp 779,000 crates. The pro- duction as reportetl for 1899 was expressed in number of pineapples, but on the basis of the average number per crate (about 30) it amounted to aboilt 95,000 crates. 416 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE Other tropical and subtropical fruits. — In addition to tlio fruits already listed, there are a considerable num- ber of other tropical and subtropical fruits produced in small quantities in the United States, mainly in Florida and California. These include bananas, avo- cado pears, guavas, mangoes, pemimmons (Japanese), loquats, pomegranates, and dates. The total nut crop reported for 1909, 62,328,000 pounds, was 55.7 per cent greater than that reported for 1899, and the value, $4,448,000, was 128.1 per cent greater. California is by far the most important state in the production of nuts, and Texas ranks next. No other state reported as much as $100,000 worth of nuts in 1909. NONCITRUS TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. TabBe 71 STATE. 1910 1909 1 1899 Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion.! Value. Produc- tion.! Figs, total 821, 640 1,028,717 35,060,395 $803, 810 12,994, 834 Alabama 62,731 33, 893 1, 773, 126 80,900 140, 970 Arkansas 4,174 2,518 80,707 5,953 14,420 California 269, 001 214,527 22,990,353 260, 153 10,620,366 Florida 12, 784 12,602 474, 287 20,886 66,680 Georgia 49, 424 11,813 1,183,494 50,326 31,880 Louisiana 71,464 102,043 2,025,308 87,009 384, 560 Mississippi 65,397 38,654 1,949,301 107, 609 61,600 North Carolina 21,054 7,783 660,624 22,632 14, 510 South Carolina 24,807 7,325 975, 136 49,169 74, 050 Texas 230, 171 585,396 2,411,876 97,078 611,460 Virginia 10, 136 4,925 234,057 9,652 7,840 Ali other states 10,497 7,238 302, 126 12,383 966, 498 Pineapples, total 2 36,191,389 2 2,602,813 778, 651 734, 090 95,456 Florida 36,190,758 2,602,585 778, 644 734, 069 95,441 Olives, total 846, 175 123,784 16,405,493 404,574 5,053,637 Arizona 9,353 1,773 264,895 3,073 13, 150 California 836,347 121,659 16, 132, 412 401,277 5,040,227 Bananas, total 23, 114 7,515 10, 060 5,661 22; 032 6; 885 10,048 5; 638 Avocado pears: Florida 12,054 23,072 4,920 10, 100 C) Guavas, total 15, 347 3,807 354, 062 11,628 1,677,165 California 7,031 443 95,053 4,018 31,370 Florida 8,293 3,364 258, 709 7,604 1,645,795 Mangoes: Florida 4,904 7, 775 5,278 5,739 (*) Persimmons (Japa- nese), total 16,491 17, 176 6,723 9,087 2,721 California 3,274 8,801 2,696 3,344 1,188 Florida 4,987 3,895 1,615 2,066 1,502 Texas 4,449 2,718 1,175 2, 136 31 Loquats, total 3,791 1,011 4.541 5, 880 (“) California 3,711 1,011 4,516 5, 830 Pomegranates, total . 8,933 9,275 152, 825 4,203 (^) Alabama 1,672 3,552 19, 090 617 776 '347 23,360 477 1,771 2, 745 30’, 075 968 1.308 l’320 27’ 365 920 2,887 541 45, 550 915 Dates, total 4,551 22, 269 9,947 533 (^) > Expressed in pounds for figs, olives, guavas, pomegranates, and dates; in crates for pineapples and avocado pears; in bmiches for bananas; in boxes for mangoes and loquats; and in bushels for persimmons (Japanese). 2 Number of plants. 8 Not reported separately. Nuts (Tables 72 and 73). — Systematic cultivation of nut trees, which is for the most part comparatively recent in the United States, is as yet largely confined to a few states in the South and on the Pacific coast. Throughout large sections of the country, however, there are many wild nut trees, the aggregate produc- tion of which is considerable; but m most cases the nuts obtained from such trees are not looked upon as a commercial crop and are mainly consumed on the farm. Doubtless the production of such wild nuts reported to the Census Bureau is much less than the actual production. NUTS— PRODUCTION AND VALUE. Table 72 STATE. PRODUCTION (POUNDS).! VALUE.’ 1909 1899 1909 1899 Total 62, 328. 010 40, 028, 826 84, 447, 674 $1,949,931 Alabama 439,382 193,670 37,986 6,315 Arizona 35, 834 121,060 4,485 9,328 Arkansas 787,854 533, 700 27,513 8,898 California 28,378,115 17, 775, .505 2,959,845 1,441, 137 Connecticut 137, 987 855,550 5,102 17.432 Florida 382, 535 98,470 47,456 8,453 Georgia 845,553 181,710 61,106 3,997 Illinois 714, 478 360,680 20,. 550 6,520 Indiana 439,644 588,800 7,344 6,254 Iowa 1,721,265 484,850 36,922 7,603 Kansas 402,714 310,830 7,625 6,097 Kentucky 946, 428 403, 270 17,231 8,365 Louisiana 796, 925 665,770 73, 169 51,457 Maryland 318, 148 65,950 5,687 2,055 Mas^chusetts 134,920 462,800 3,671 12, 106 Michigan 961, 137 470,700 18,956 7,436 Mississippi 866, 504 313,620 90,855 17, 158 Missouri 2,823,368 1,747,520 39. 746 19,838 Nebraska 384,325 93,000 8,906 1,595 New Hampshire 254, 521 249,900 3,684 6,329 New Jersey 249,626 947,950 7,116 20,660 New York 2,773,858 3,451,550 74, 420 71,122 North Carolina 1,244,629 244,330 28,535 3,413 Ohio 559, 093 295,250 11,691 4,871 Oklahoma 1,019,238 3 45,330 62,168 » 1,034 Oregon 177,632 42, 980 13,208 2,560 Pennsylvania 3, 795, 804 5,065,500 90,447 91, 149 South Carolina 376,013 213,320 26,888 3,868 Tennessee 783, 570 659, 660 14,041 5,828 Texas 5,945,932 1,836,970 562,542 78,971 Virginia 841,572 376, 440 22, 161 5,109 West Virginia 974,312 502, 900 16,049 4,488 Wisconsin 609, 428 80, 150 18, 196 1,460 All other states 1,205,666 289,240 22,373 7,025 > Does not include coconuts, which are reported by number. 2 Includes value of coconuts. « Includes Indian Territory. ALMONDS, PECANS, AND PERSIAN OR ENGLISH WALNUTS— TREES, PRODUCTION, AND VALUE. Table 73 STATE. 1910 1909 1899 Trees of bearing age. Trees not of bearing age. Produc- tion (pounds). Value. Produc- tion (pounds). Almonds, total 1,187,962 389,575 6,793,539 $711, 970 7, 142,710 Arizona 6,639 845 33, 759 4,193 116,510 Cahfomia 1,166,730 365, 961 6,692,513 700,304 6,992,610 All other states 14, 593 22,769 67,267 7,473 33,590 Pecans, total 1,619,521 1, 685, 066 9, 890, 769 971,596 3,206,850 Alabama 44,683 125, 734 228,341 30,540 60,670 Arkansas 13,958 13,811 249, 955 17,603 86,050 Florida 42, 512 176,207 307, 632 43,962 46,800 Georgia 75,519 325, 779 354, 046 47,845 27,440 Illinois 28,330 8,223 107, 069 10, ,301 41,380 Louisiana 36,527 119,547 723,578 70, 635 637, 470 Mississippi 60, 524 148, 030 637, 29.3 79,936 242,300 Missouri 48, 822 7,214 147, 420 10,467 75, 170 North Carolina 6, 876 20, 781 74,861 8, 194 10,900 Oklahoma 96, 766 6.3, 796 894, 172 59,481 ! 16,580 South Carolina 33,366 43, 639 159, 823 20,442 13,020 Texas 1,087,619 621,550 5,832,367 656,203 1,810,670 -Ml other states 41, 019 20, 755 174,212 15,987 138,400 Persian or English walnuts, total 914,270 806,413 22, 026, 524 2,297,336 10,668,065 California 863,237 646,804 21,432,266 2,247,193 10,619,975 Mississippi 2,705 5,513 (If), 492 6,949 6,670 Oregon 9, .526 177,004 79, 060 8,288 6,110 All other states 48, 802 77, 092 448, 706 34, 906 36,310 ■ Includes Indian Territory. The most important nut crops are Persian or English walnuts, pecans, and almonds, which are the only nuts that are, on any large scale, produced by cultiva- 417 FARM CROPS, BY STATES. tion. The combined value of those three classes of nuts in 1909 amounted to $3,981,00G, or about nine- tenths of the total for all nuts. The crop of Persian or English walnuts in 1909, 22,027,000 pounds, was more tliau twice as great as that in 1899. Most of those nuts were grown in Cali- fornia. The production of pecans in 1909, 9,891,000 pounds, was more than three times as great as that of 10 years earlier. About three-fifths of the crop was grown in Texas, and most of tlie remainder in Okla- homa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida. The ])roduction of almonds, which is mainly confined to California, amounted to 6,794,000 j)ounds in 1909, or somewhat less than in 1899. FRUITS AND NUTS. VALUE, BY STATES; 1909. 72497°— 13 27 418 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. FLOWERS AND PLANTS, NURSERY PRODUCTS, AND FOREST PRODUCTS. Flowers and plants. — Table 74 includes statistics both for flowers and jjlants raised on ordinary farms and for those raised by florists’ establishments devoted exclusively to this branch of industry. Often such establishments have comparatively little land, but raise their products chiefly in greenhouses and by highly intensive methods. The acreage statistics, therefore, have comparatively little significance. The acreage reported for the United States as a whole in 1909 amounted to 18,248. The value of the flowers and plants raised was $34,872,000, an increase of 85.9 per cent as compared with 1899. These products contributed 0.6 per cent of the total value of crops in 1909. The value of flower seeds is not included in this table, but appears, together with that of vege- table seeds, in Table 38. As might be expected, the raising of flowers and plants is most extensively carried on in the neighbor- hood of large cities. New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Ohio are the leading states in this industry according to value of products. The raising of flowers and plants is also an important industry on the Pacific coast. Nursery products. — As in the case of flowers and plants, the statistics presented in Table 74 cover the raising of nursery products not only on ordinary farms, but also by establishments which devote them- selves exclusively to this branch of agriculture, and which employ only intensive methods. The acreage in 1909, 80,618, was 35.5 per cent greater than in 1899, while the value of products, $21,051,000, was more than twice as great as 10 years earlier, and was equal to 0.4 per cent of the total value of farm crops. In value of nursery products the Middle Atlantic division ranked first, the West North Central second, the Pacific third, and the East North Central fourth. New York reported a greater value of such products than any other state, California being next in order. Forest products. — The census schedule for 1910 called for the “value of all firewood, fencing material, logs, railroad ties, telegraph and telephone poles, materials for barrels, bark, naval stores, or other forest products cut or produced in 1909, whether used on farms, sold, or on hand April 15, 1910;” and also, as a separate item, for the “amount received from sale of standing timber in 1909.” The schedifle of the 1900 census was substantially similar, except that it did not specifically mention standing tunber; it is probable that some sales of standing timber were in- cluded in the returns, but that the total value of forest products as reported for 1899 was somewhat lower than it would have been if the schedule had been worded as in 1910. The value of forest products at each census, as shown in Table 74, represents only that derived from farms, which is much less than that de- rived from land not in farms. Most of the forest products of farms are derived from natural forests, as there is yet little systematic planting of forest trees. The total value of the forest products of farms in 1909 was $195,306,283, which is 77.8 per cent greater than that reported for 1899. Of this arnoimt, $102,782,078 was the value of products used or to be used on the farms themselves, $70,800,983 that of products sold or intended for sale, and $21,723,222 the amount received for standing timber. The total value of forest products of farms in 1909 represented 3.6 per cent of the value of all crops. The production of forest products by farmers is widely distributed. In 1909 the South Atlantic divi- sion outranked all others in the value of such products, and was followed by the East North Central and East South Central divisions. The states of North Carolina, New York, and Virginia each reported forest products valued at more than $10,000,000. In total value of forest products, including those not produced on farms, the ranking of the states would be very different. FARM CROPS, BY STATES. 419 FLOWERS AND PLANTS, NURSERY PRODUCTS, AND FOREST PRODUCTS OF FARMS: 1909 AND 1899. Table 74 FLOWERS AND PLANTS. NURSERY PRODUCTS FOREST PRODUCTS OF FARMS. DIVISION OR STATE. Acreage. Value. Acreage. Value. Value. IIHIO 1899 1909 1899 1900 1899 1909 1899 1999 1899 TTnited States 18, 248 9,307 $34. 872. 329 $18,758, 864 80,618 59, 492 $21, 050, 822 $10, 123, 873 $195,306,283 $109,864,774 Geographic mvisiONs: New England 2,281 1,095 4,677,316 2,763,771 2,647 1,800 989,080 547,563 17,664, 763 10, 472,941 Middle Atlantic 6,447 3,182 11,810,076 7,067,038 13,676 13,221 4,355,340 2,523,065 19 110,765 14, 621,-344 East North Central T 3,859 1,952 9,029, 125 4, 488, 500 13,811 12,063 3, 037, 823 1, 794, 842 32,161,851 27,063,648 West North Central 1,185 638 2,642,343 1,246,913 16, 614 12, 377 3,841,690 2,052,847 19,891,878 11,780,719 South Atlantic i 1,485 814 1,932, 426 1,4.50,924 9,963 6,050 1,851,351 851,511 44,010,178 18, 547,791 East South Central 647 387 1, 005, 548 509, 124 8,130 4,894 1, 147, 669 751,319 29,264, 946 14, 784, 182 West South Central 628 290 846,009 229,351 5,734 4,041 1,711,284 612, 413 21,026,984- 7,826,858 Mountain 233 185 753,914 276,269 1,731 963 594, 096 251, 787 2,580,902 740,033 PaciQc 1,483 764 2, 175, 572 726,968 ' 8,313 4,083 3,522, 489 738, 526 9, 594, 016 4,027,228 New England: Maine 112 71 301,005 155, 131 57 107 23,244 46,207 5, 573,763 2,652,252 New Hampshire 93 38 236, 144 108, 161 24 34 11,897 7,012 3,610,178 2,296,265 Vermont 23 38 78, 726 58,575 37 74 11,014 49,625 3,638, 537 2, 108,518 Massachusetts 1,203 584 2, 455, 467 1,639, 760 1,547 894 605,875 260,069 2,668,410 1,944,714 Rhode Island 290 177 558, 543 314,806 212 86 75, 544 42,295 312,022 195,472 Connecticut 560 187 1,047,431 487,338 770 605 261, 506 142, 355 1,861,8.53 1,275,720 Middle Atlantic: New York 2,979 1,496 5,148,949 2,867,673 8,680 8,238 2,750,957 1,642, 107 10,365,651 7, 671, 108 New Jersey 1,436 613 2, 857, 709 1,953,290 2,167 1,782 681,814 339,926 758,515 469,055 Pennsylvania 2,032 1,073 3, 803, 418 2,246,075 2,828 3,201 922, 569 541, 032 7,986,599 6, 481, 181 East North Central: Ohio 1,070 685 2,384,830 1,399,957 4,718 4,699 860,351 538, 012 5,761,941 5,625,897 Indiana 496 174 1,212,891 400, 730 1,850 1,646 411,387 254,893 5, 603, 322 5,235,459 Illinois 1,339 679 3,694,801 1,894,960 3,454 3,142 822,284 578, 306 3,325,259 2,555,890 Michigan 702 220 1, 143, 764 521,987 3,034 1,840 642,774 338, 544 7,911,901 7,530,369 Wisconsin 252 194 592,839 270,872 755 736 301,027 85,087 9, 559, 428 6,116,033 West North Central: Minnesota 163 143 603,935 288,055 3,854 1,127 863,014 383, 105 5, 181,508 2,602,335 Iowa 361 140 657,393 320,407 3, 430 2,905 845,912 619,092 3, 649, 032 3,266,449 Missouri 383 181 653,903 409,890 2,459 2,971 529, 394 349, 449 8, 406, 823 4, 442, 131 North Dakota i 4 2 47,221 2,900 472 131 30,997 7,249 235,386 112,807 South Dakota 19 11 50,008 3,260 399 200 70,827 12, 866 257, 126 106,284 Nebraska 94 86 356, 168 142,636 1,997 1,594 553,053 234, 033 795, 053 412, 746 Kansas 161 75 273,715 79, 765 4,003 3, 449 948, 493 447,053 1,366,950 837,997 South Atlantic: Delaware 44 30 71,429 57,013 182 174 39,057 17,241 ‘346,062 250, 481 Maryland 478 174 597, 001 355,862 4,240 1,275 456,900 123,474 2,349,045 1,170,362 District of Columbia 240 217 303,509 519, 565 (■) 1 150 325 238 50 Virginia 375 143 362, 488 238, 712 569 1,200 159,992 214,988 10,118,851 3,797,116 West Virginia 25 39 78,377 44,384 464 547 79,268 61,700 4,004,484 2,632,980 North Carolina 107 61 126,995 31,163 754 1, 149 266,968 135,084 11,364, 134 4,915,991 South Carolina ' 23 28 52,094 7,920 21 84 4,409 4,416 4,513,092 1,915,280 Georgia 144 77 271, 427 154,888 1,502 957 366, 433 172, 143 8, 938, .390 3,217,119 Florida 49 45 69, 106 41,417 2,231 663 478, 174 122,140 2,375,882 648, 412 East South Central: Kentucky 249 132 392,409 262,288 542 837 115,963 114,749 7,843,142 4, 179,480 Tennessee 239 140 344,579 175,979 3,976 2,838 697,703 474, 133 8, 510, 710 5,086,624 Alabama 120 53 168,239 43,950 3,079 1,038 259,057 131, 132 6, 308, 151 2, 494, 452 Mississippi 39 62 100,321 26,907 533 181 74,946 31,305 6,602,943 3, 023, 626 West South Central: Arkansas 26 25 153, 421 25,830 528 868 198,579 131,045 6,914,262 2,468,718 Louisiana 227 89 126,212 76,628 502 276 87,643 63,593 3,584,340 1,381,867 Oklahoma 40 92,016 2 6, 644 857 »804 171,9,52 2103,264 1,602,720 3 456, 240 Texas 335 167 474, 360 120,249 3,847 2,093 1,253,110 314,511 8,925,662 3,520,033 Mountain: Montana 20 17 104, 001 33,630 341 62 174,427 17,825 541,800 176, 134 Idaho 18 5 43,314 2,805 530 115 143,234 38,431 1,280,512 315, 821 Wyoming 6 5 12,280 2,480 (^) 2 1,680 215 104,259 14,700 Colorado 154 137 468,685 198, 479 241 497 72,090 65,936 305, 719 113,055 New Mexico 8 5 31, 121 4,442 24 32 9,182 5,753 253,822 34,268 Arizona 6 2 11,177 235 18 14 4,535 2,914 45,312 48,877 Utah 20 14 81,116 34,173 577 236 188,455 120,648 6,730 13,325 Nevada 1 (■) 1,620 25 P) 5 493 65 42,748 23,853 Pacific: Washington 340 34 518, 226 50,450 1,342 155 526,681 28, 699 3,754,293 1,002, 126 Oregon 130 58 268,833 95,872 2,168 1,014 783,020 151,498 2,889,991 1,300,724 CaJifornia 1,013 672 1,388,513 580, 646 4,803 2,914 2,212,788 558, 329 2,949,732 1,724,378 I Less than 1 acre. 2 Includes Indian Territory. 3 Reported in small fractions. 7 • ■ '■ ' • ■■Vt1'>«i^‘^i/ VrJ^ly ...1CTi p j|fc*:^W;iiy/;^ ?K: if.r\ '.i''.<.',i, w '• ' ^ ■ f' ■ M (ji ■; ' v'y?s,.?*i)if.,^'1 ■■ Ml ’ :i’:'!K'f' i-? 5 : ■Elhi- I , ' -At 4 > " ■ ■•■■•;£<■ * '■’* <***'* V*iM * . .V'., , ^ I'iV'iV . i",.-' , J. " ‘ ’'■ Vi|f._ ‘ . *. ' I'l’ ' hf' ■ < fc-.l / J ’.‘Ifv '( it I ^ -.. ••T ,'t'.i • i-A ". -^ ■f '< ., t' ,1 ■ " ^ J ’!itk’'' 1 ■ I iO*^ . ;V i? h'' .* 1. 'CvV> '»V •;/V' ;. . ..., , i ■ (•;„;•' ,;>P' I . .(i.r i . ' • ■' 1 ' • #r’:r i« •,, • • ' Vv viTTIi" >;;■■■ i'' f' , '' ’■ y ■ t . If tj! j >’,(<$ .,>'■•-■ I’ ■>* !:• ■-. 1. •<. . ‘I }.»i*.ji,.i i*)-' t ■ ■■■ ‘- ■'^.„ '■MrtftiLisv , . . . 3 ^w»‘v^ ''“ CHAPTEI^ 14. TJniTGATION AND IRRIGATED GROTS. Introduction. — This chapter contains, in condensed form, the jjrincipal data regarding irrigation derived from the Tiiirteenth Decennial Census, taken in the year 1910. An amendment to the Thirteenth Census act, ap- proved February 25, 1910, contained the following clause relatmg to m-igation: Inquiries shall also be made as to the location and character of irrigation enterprises, quantity of land irrigated in the arid region of the United States and in each state and county in that section under state and Federal laws; the price at which these lands, includ- ing water rights, are obtainable; the character and value of crojjs produced on irrigated lands, the amount of water used per acre for said irrigation and whether it was obtainable from national, state, or private works; the location of the various projects and methods of construction, with facts as to their physical condition; the amount of capital invested in such irrigation works. As the Office of Experiment Stations of the United States Department of Agricidture employs a corps of state irrigation agents, an arrangement was made by which these state irngation agents cooperated in the supervdsion in their respective states of the work of the special agents of the Bureau of the Census in collecting statistics of irrigation. The information called for by this law which could be supplied by farm operators was obtained oh sup- plemental schedules by the regular census enumerators as a part of the agricultural census. The remaining data, which were supplied by the owners or officials of irrigation entei’prises, were obtained on special sched- ules by the special agents. The data relating to crops presented here were taken from the supplemental sched- ules filled out by the agricultural enumerators. With the exception of the statistics as to the number of farms irrigated, which were obtained as explained on the following page, all the other data presented here were taken from the special schedules. The law relating to the special irrigation census, quoted above, provided that the inquiry should cover the “arid region of the United States.” For the pur- poses of this report the “arid region” has been held to include all sections of the United States where irrigation is generally practiced in the grovdng of farm crops. As defined in this way, the “arid region” in- cludes the western parts of the tier of states formed by the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and all of the states between these and the Pacific Ocean. In parts of tliis great territory there is abund-- ant rainfall; but in each of the states comprised in it- thero are considerable sections, and hi some very extensive areas, where f aiming is largely dependent upon migation. The special hiquh-y was also extended to the rice growmg districts of Louisiana, Texas, and Ai’kansas, but the rice district has been treated separately in this report. (See p. 431.) In accordance with the law, the enterprises have been classified primarily according to their legal status — that is, according to the state or Federal laws by virtue of which they were created, or according to other features of their legal and economic form. The types of enterprises distmguished are as follows: United States Reclamation Service enterprises, established under the Federal law of June 17, 1902, providing for the construction of irrigation works with the receipts from the sale of public lands. United States Indian Service enterprises, established under va- rious acts of Fongress providing for the construction by that service of works for the irrigation of land in Indian reservations. Carey Act enterprises, established under the Federal law of Au- gust 18, 1894, granting to each of the states in t he arid region 1,000,000 acres of land on condition that the state provide for its irrigation, and under amendments to that law granting additional areas to Idaho and Wyoming. Irrigation districts, which are public corporations established under state laws and empowered to issue bonds and levy and collect taxes for the purchase or construction of inigation works. Cooperative enterprises, which are controlled by the water users combined in some organized form of cooperation under state laws. The most common form of organization is the stock company, the stock of which is owned by the water users. In Arizona and New Mexico many of the fcooperative enterprises are operated under laws regulating “ community ” ditches. Individual and partnership enterprises, which belong to indi- vidual farmer.s, or to groups of farmers associated without formal organization. It is not always possible to distinguish between partnership and cooperative enterprises; but as the difference is slight this is unimportant. Commercial enterprises, incorporated or otherwise, which supply water for compensation to parties who own no interest in the works. Persons obtaining water from such enterprises ai’e usually required to pay for the right to receive water and to pay, in addition, annual charges based in some instances on the acreage irrigated and in others on the quantity of water received. ( 421 ) 422 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. THE ARID REGION AS A WHOLE. Summary. — Table 1 summarizes the principal data for the arid region as a whole as returned at the census of 1910, and includes corresponding data for the preceding census as far as available. Unless otherwise indicated the figures relate to the year in which the census was taken. In the reports of the censuses of 1900 and 1890 data relating to irrigation on Indian reser- vations were excluded fromthe totals for the arid region, but for the later census they are included. Smee the acreage which was irrigated on Indian reservations in 1909 was only 172,912, or 1.3 per cent of the total acreage reported as irrigated, it has not been deemed advisable to eliminate the figures for Indian reserva- tions in making comparisons between the different censuses. The general agricultural statistics given in the table for purposes of comparison cover the entire areas of the states included in the arid region, as defined on the precedmg page, although in some of the states the territory which requires no irrigation vastly exceeds the irrigated territory. The number of farms irrigated is the number of farms on which irrigation is practiced, regardless of the extent of such irrigation, and is equivalent to the term “number of u-rigators” used in previous census reports. The number given for 1909 is made up of the number reported on the supplemental agricultiu’al schedules by the regular enumerators, together with an estimate of the number of farms served by enterprises which were reported by special agents but not by the regular enu- merators. The reports of the special agents stated only the acreage supplied by such enterprises, and the num- ber of farms was estimated on the basis of the average acreage nrigated per farm, as shown by the supple- mental schedules. The acreage irrigated in 1909 is that reported by the special agents from information secured from owners or officials of irrigation enterprises or, in some in- stances, from public records. This acreage is probably in some measure an overstatement. There is a natural tendency for the officials of irrigation enterprises to report as irrigated the entire areas of farms of which only a part is irrigated. Furthermore, some far ms re- ceive water from more than one enterprise, and may be reported as ii’rigated by each, wliich results in duplica- tion. It is believed, however, that the acreage given is within 10 per cent of the correct figure. In addition to information as to the acreage irrigated in 1909 data were collected as to the acreage the enterprises were capable of supplying with water in 1910 and the total acreage which enterprises completed or imder way in 1910 were designed to supply ultimately (designated as “acreage included in projects”)- Table 1 N umber of farms * Approximate land area ‘ Land in farms * Improved land in farms * Number of farms irrigated Acreage irrigated Acreage enterjrrises were capable of irrigating Acreage included in projects CENSUS or— INCREASE. 1910 1900 Amount. Per cent. acres. . acres. . acres. . 1, 440, 822 1, 161, 385, 600 388, 606, 991 173, 433, 957 2 158, 713 2 13, 738, 485 19, 334, 697 31, 111, 142 1, 095, 675 1, 161, 385, 600 348, 780, 221 345, 147 31. 5 39, 826, 770 11.4 119, 709, 592 53, 724, 365 44.9 * 107, 489 51, 224 47. 7 3 7, 518, 527 6, 219, 958 82.7 Number of enterprises Total length of ditches Length of main ditches. . Length of lateral ditches. Number of reservoirs Capacity of reservoirs Number of flowing wells Number of pumped wells Number of pumping plants. . Capacity of power plants miles. . miles. . miles. . acre-feet. . Horsepower. . 54, 700 125, 591 87, 529 38, 062 6,812 12, 581, 129 5, 070 14, 558 13, 906 243, 435 (b (b (b Acreage irrigated with pumped water. Acreage irrigated from flowing wells.. * 477, 625 (b 2 144, 400 (b Cost of irrigation enterprises Average cost per acre Average cost of operation and maintenance, per acre $307, 866, 369 fi $1.5. 92 2 $1. 07 «$66, 962, 275 ^ $8. 91 3 $0. 38 $240, 904, 094 359. 8 (b .$0.69 181.6 I Fifrur&s relate to entire areas of states in the arid region, tho 2 In 1909. ® In 1899. * Not reported, figures for 1900 including Indian Territory. « Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage enterprises wore capalilo of irrigating in 1910. <> Cost of systems operated in 1899. ’ Based on acreage irrigated in 1899. ' ® Figures not coinparaiilo. (See o.xplanation in text.) The number of faims on wliich irrigation was prac- ticed, for purposes otlier than rice growing, in 1909 in the states of the aiid region was 158,713, or 11 per cent of tlie total number of farms in the same states. While the total number of farms in this region, in- cluding the entire area of states in which irrigation is practiced in the western jiart, .increased 31.5 per cent between 1900 and 1910, tiie nuiuber of farms on IRRIGATION AND IRRJCJATED CROPS. 423 which irrigation was ])racticcd increased 47.7 per cent between 1899 and 1909, the irrigated farms forming a larger percentage of all farms in 1909 than in 1899. The acreage reported as irrigated in 1 909 was 1 3,738,485, which constitutes 1.2 ])er cent of the total land area of the same states, 3.5 per cent of the total land in farms, and 7.9 per cent of the improved land in farms. There was an increase of 82.7 per cent in such acreage between 1899 and 1909, a rate of increase much higlier than that in the number of farms irrigated, the average irrigated acreage per farm being greater for 1909 than for 1899. The acreage to which enterprises were ready to supply water in 1910 was 19,334,697, or 5,596,212 acres in excess of the acreage irrigated in 1909, while the acreage included in all projects in 1910, whether completed or in process of development, was 31,111,142, or 17,372,657 acres greater than the acre- age reported as irrigated in 1909. The total length of ditches used for irrigation in 1910 was 125,591 miles. There were 6,812 reservoirs hav- FARMS AND ACI Number of farms irrigated. — Table 2 gives, by states, the number of farms irrigated in 1909, 1899, and 1889, together with the decennial rates of increase. Table Z STATE. FARMS IRRIGATED. - 1909 1899 1889 Dicrease.' 1899-1909 1889-1899 Number. Per cent. Per cent. Total 158, 713 107,489 54, 136 51,224 47.7 98.6 Arizona 4,841 2,981 1,075 1,860 62.4 177.3 California 39,352 25,611 13,732 13,741 53.7 86.5 Colorado 25,857 17,613 9,659 8,244 46.8 82.3 Idaho 1C, 439 8,987 4,323 7,452 82.9 107.9 Kansas 1,006 929 519 77 8.3 79.0 Montana 8,970 8,043 3,706 927 11.5 117.0 Nebraska 1,852 1,932 214 -80 -4.1 802.8 Nevada 2,406 1,906 1,167 500 26.2 63.3 New Mexico 12,795 7,884 3,085 4,911 62.3 155.6 North Dakota 69 54 7 15 (’) (2) 137 124 13 10.5 Oregon 6,669 4,636 3,150 2,033 43.9 47.2 South Dakota 500 606 189 -106 -17.5 220.6 Texas 8 4,150 1,252 623 2,898 231.5 101.0 Utah 19,709 17,924 9,724 1, 785 10.0 84.3 Washington 7,664 3,286 1,046 4,378 133.2 214. 1 Wyoming 6,297 3,721 1,917 2, 576 69.2 94.1 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Per cent not cmculated when base is less than 100. s Exclusive of farms irrigated for rice growing. The total number of farms on which irrigation was practiced in 1909 was 158,713. California contained the lai'gest number of such farms, having about one- fourth (24.8 per cent) of the total number, and Colo- rado the next largest number, nearly one-sixth (16.3 percent) of the total, while Utah ranked thhxl m this re- spect, with about one-eighth (12.4 percent) of the total. The percentage of increase between 1889 and 1899 in the number of farms ifrigated was more than double that during the succeeding decade, but the absolute ing a combined capacity of 12,581,129 acre-feet, or nearly 1 acre-foot of rcseiwolr capacity for each acre irrigated from any source in 1909. Tlie number of pumping plants reported was 13,906 and the acreage supplied by them 477,625. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1, 1910, was $307,866,369, or $15.92 per acre of the land which these enterprises were capable of supplying with water in 1910. The increases in the items relating to cost are the most conspicuous shown. The total cost of irrigation enterprises increased between 1900 and 1910 by 359.8 per cent, and the average cost per acre covered increased also, although much less in degree. (As to the comparability of the figures for this item, however, see the discussion of tliis subject following Table 12.) The average cost of operation and maintenance per acre of land irrigated for the year 1909 shows also a large increase — 181.6 jjer cent — over the cost shown for 1899. It is believed, how- ever, that the cost shown for 1899 is not properly comparable with that for 1909. AGE IRRIGATED. increases during the two decades were approximately equal. Nebraska showed the largest percentage of mcrease during the former period and Texas during the latter period, but in neither state is the actual number of irrigated farms large. In Nebraska and South Dakota there were decreases between 1899 and 1909. The largest absolute increase in both decades was in California. In the period 1899 to 1909 the next lai'gest increase was in Colorado, and in the period 1889 to 1899 in Utah. Acreage irrigated. — ^Table 3 gives, by states, the acreage h-rigated in the arid region in 1909, 1899, and 1889, respectively, with the percentage of increase in each decade. Tabic 3 ACREAGE IRRIGATED. *• Increase. STATE. 1909 1899 1889 1899-1909 1889- 1899 Amount. Per cent. Per cent. Total 13, 738,485 7, 518, 527 3,631,381 6,219,958 82.7 107.0 Arizona 320,051 185,396 65, 821 134,655 72.6 181.7 California 2,661, 104 1,445,872 1,004,233 1,218, 232 84.3 44.0 Colorado 2,792,032 1,611,271 890,735 1,180,761 73.3 80.9 Idaho 1, 430, 848 602,568 217,005 828,280 137.5 177.7 Kansas 37,479 23,620 20, 818 13,859 58.7 13.5 Montana 1,679,084 951, 154 350,582 727,930 76.5 171.3 Nebraska 255,950 148, 538 11,744 107,412 72.3 1, 164. 8 Nevada 701, 833 504, 168 221,403 197,665 39.2 124.7 New Mexico 461,718 203,893 91,745 257,825 126. 5 122.2 North Dakota 10,248 4,388 4,872 2,759 388,310 445 5,376 1,629 110.3 59.0 994.8 Oregon 686; 129 177,944 297, 819 76.7 118.2 South Dakota 63, 248 43,676 15,717 19,572 44.8 177.9 Texas' . 164,283 40,952 18,241 123,331 301.2 124.5 Utah 999,410 629, 293 263,473 370, 117 58.8 138.8 Washington • 3.34,378 126,307 48,799 208,071 164.7 158.8 W yoming 1,133,302 605, 878 229, 676 527,424 87.1 163.8 1 Exclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. 424 ABSTRACT OF THP] CENSUS— AGRICULTURE 'I'lio total ac-roage reported as irrigated iu 1909 was 13,788,485, an increase of 6,219,958 acres, or 82.7 per cent, as compared with 1899. Tlie increase in the preceding decade was 3,887,146 acres, or 107 per cent. In total acu’oage irrigated California ranked fii'st in 1889, Colorado second, and Montana third. In both 1899 and 1909 ('olorado reported tlie largest irrigated acreage, while ('alifornia and ^lontana were second and tim’d, respectively. Idaho followed closely in 1909. From 1899 to 1909 California showed the largest absolute increase, followed by (Colorado, Idaho, and Montana in the order named. In percentage of increase for this decade, however, Texas ranked first, Washington second, Idaho third, and New Me.xico fourth. Acreage irrigated in 1909, acreage enterprises were. capable of irrigating in 1910, and acreage included in projects. — In Table 4 data as to the acreage irrigated in 1909, the acreage enterprises were capable of irri- gating in 1910, and the acreage included in projects arc presented, with classification according to the type of enterprise. Table 4 STATE. ALL CLASSES OF ENTERPRISES. V. S. RECLAMATION SERVICE. U. S. INDIAN .SERVICE. CAREY ACT ENTERPRISES. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irrigating in 1910, Acreage included in projects. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prise.s were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in project.s. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. Total 13.738,485 19,334,697 31,111,142 395, 646 786, 190 1,973,016 172,912 376, 576 879, 068 288.553 1,089,677 2,573,874 Arizona 320,051 387,055 944,090 138, 304 11)4.500 370.000 19, 386 20,974 36,017 2,(m,104 3,619,378 5, 490.360 ' 400 1,200 14,200 3,490 3 U 9 O 3 ' 800 Colorado 2 ; 792, 032 3,990,100 5,917,457 10,000 30! 000 193,000 i;o2o 2^020 20 ! 020 485 0,085 59,480 Idaho 1,430,848 2, ,388, 959 3,549,573 47,500 113,000 295,000 3,420 21,540 51,540 102.418 742, 018 1,098,661 37,479 139.995 161,300 6, 953 10, 677 Montana 1,079,084 2,205,155 3,515,002 14,077 85,245 113,744 07,417 114,340 440,940 9,048 49,500 300,997 255,950 429,225 680. 133 30, 536 WL 241 107,. 520 300 300 600 701,833 840, 962 1,232.142 30 000 90.185 216,185 2,597 3,381 18,060 461,718 1344,970 li 102, 297 13, 398 21,467 30, 267 24,007 24,743 37 ' 455 10,000 10,248 21,917 38,173 1,610 12,090 24,480 Oklahoma 4,388 6.397 8,528 Oregon (»), 129 830, 526 2,527,208 22,000 45,319 185,000 429 439 879 24,7.50 05,500 023. 2tH 63, 248 128,481 201,025 5,613 47,568 101. 967 50 50 100 164,283 340,641 753. 699 Utah 999.410 1 . 250 ! 240 1,947,025 ■ ■ '/ 11,520 86. 600 106,000 5,000 20,000 43,000 334,378 470,514 817,032 55, 690 74,500 143,090 35.000 50,000 100,000 Wyoming 1,133, ,302 1,039,510 2,224,298 12,905 34,869 167.880 4,270 48, 099 63, 657 80,252 205,974 420,472 STATE IRRIGATION DISTRICTS. COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISES, INDIVIDUAL AND PARTNERSHIP ENTERPRISES. COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating In 1910. Acreage included in projects. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enter- prises were capable of irri- gating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. ToUI.. .. 528,642 800,451 1,581,465 4.643.539 6.191,577 8,830.197 6,257,387 7.666,110 10.153,545 1,451,806 2,421.116 5.119.977 101,025 120,559 300,039 01,190 81,422 175.834 80 200 1,(>00 California 173,793 294, 108 606,351 779,020 984,570 1.388,435 901 ; 130 1,131,951 1,. 512, 51 1 746,205 1,204,059 1,905,003 Colorado 115,. 304 207,. 570 487,370 1,273,141 1,870.447 2,430,367 1,226,025 1,, 581, 941 2,039,533 159,4.57 292, 103 081,687 Idaho 140,930 177,900 329,790 028, 102 782,603 993,746 403, (kW 483,940 670,508 44,872 07,352 104,322 27,372 135,200 144,200 3,154 4,795 G, 423 Montana 412 0,040 0.040 333,926 373,022 518,209 l,191,0ti0 1,495,513 1,982,220 02,544 80,895 140,8.52 Nebraska 70,448 77,228 91 , 076 78,005 108,200 240,009 45,227 04, 472 80,305 24,834 52,724 154.023 88,255 129,269 .581,400 W9,841 844,128 8.804 9,300 24,. 500 16.400 2.51.911 3,55, 327 482,0,54 144,212 185,283 295,171 28, 190 58,150 224,9.50 8.638 9,821 13,093 2,000 3.000 3,500 2.388 3’ 397 5 ’. 028 Oregon 1,.500 1 , .500 5. 980 1 19,985 109,944 399 ! 032 410,078 4 , 54 ! 074 019,980 77,387 93,7r)0 092,407 13.001 18,243 22,087 37,084 55,8'20 09,971 0, 300 0,800 0,900 41,186 75,011 146,795 49. 657 05,280 104,044 73,440 200,344 502,800 Utah 8, 455 8, 4.55 10.802 ♦187,260 790,8.55 1,259,3.51 222 , 448 257 ; 200 370, .502 04,727 87,070 151,970 81,122 90.805 115.410 95, 6.55 117,145 192,310 66,911 i:i8,004 200,216 Wyoming 11,800 27.050 27,0.50 116.317 165, 476 189,894 813.823 1,024,137 1,153,378 87,935 133, 305 195,907 ' Kxoliisive of land iirigatod for rico growing. The enter])rises were repoi ti'd in 1910 as capable of irrigating 19,334,697 acres, which is 5,596,212 acres in excess of the acreage actually irrigated in 1909. This excess shows the extent to which the irrigated area can be enlarged without the construction 'of additional works. It does not, however, ropresent land avail- able for settlement in the latter year, as much of the land that was under ditch in 1910 but not irri- gated in 1909 was already taken ii]), being in farms not comjdetely under cultivation. The excess acreage lies principally in Colorado, Idaho, California, Montana, andWjmming, these states ranking in the order named in this respect. Tlie acreage included in projects which w’cre eilher comjdeted or under way July 1, 1910, as reported by the various entciprises — 31,111,142 — was 17,372,657 IRRIGATION AND IRRIGAT1^:D CROPS. 425 acres greater than the acreage irrigated iii 1909. The ligurc would indicate the amount by whicli the irri- gated acreage may bo extended iipon the completion of existing enterprises, were it not probable that the owners of these enterprises in some cases have over- estimated what they can accomplish. It is certain, however, that much additional land will later be provided with a water suj>ply by works that were in process of construction in 1910. The amount of ex- cess of the acreage included in projects over that irri- gated in 1909 is also greatest in the states named in the preceding paragraph and in Oregon. Table 5 shows by percentages the relative im])or- tance of the several classes of enterprises as judged by acreage. Table 5 PER CENT OF TOTAL FOR ARID REGION. CLASS OF ENTERPRISE. Acreage irrigated in 1909. Acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. Acreage included in projects. All classes 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.9 4. 1 6.3 U. S. Indian Service 1.3 1.9 2.8 2.1 8.3 3.8 4.1 5.1 33.8 32.0 28.4 45.5 39.6 32.6 10.6 12.5 16.5 Nearly one-half (45.5 per cent) of the acreage iri’i- gated in 1909 was served by individual and partnershi]) enterprises, and about one-third (33.8 per cent) by cooperative enterprises, which are contiolled by the water users. Irrigation districts, which served 3.8 per cent, are also controlled by the water users. Thus about 83 per cent of the acreage irrigated in 1909 received a water su])])ly from works controlled by the water users. United States Ileciamation Service and Carey Act enterprises, wliich irrigated 2.9 per cent and 2,1 per cent, respectively, of this total acreage, are to be turned over to the water users when the rights are paid for, and manj^ of the commercial enter- prises are operating under a similar arrangement. Acreage irrigated, classified by source of water supply. — In Table 6 the acreage irrigated in the arid region m 1909 is classified according to the source of the water supply. Where a supply is received from more than one source, the land is classified under the source from which the principal supply is derived. In the aggregate considerable areas are supplied with water from more than one source. Thus, in California, large areas receive water both by gra vity diversion from streams and by pumping from wells, while in Texas some of the newer canals on the Rio Grande receive water by gravity when the river is high and by pump- ing when the river is low. In both instances most of this land is classed with the acreage that received water by gravity from streams. Tlie only reservoirs which are treated as independent sources of supply are those filled by collecting storm water or from watercoiuses which are ordinarily dry. WRen reser- voirs are filled from streams or wells, the primary source is considered the source of supply. Table 6 ACKEAGE IRRIGATED IN 1909. Supplied from— Total . . Arizona California Colorado Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico. . North Dakota. Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Texas* Ut^ Washington... Wyoming STATE. Total. Streams. Weils. Reser- voirs. Lakes. Springs. By gravity. By pumping. Flowing. By pumping. By gravity. By pumping. 13, 738, 485 12, 763, 797 157,775 144,400 307,496 98, 193 58,284 12,354 196, 186 320,051 300,067 7,711 1,489 6,096 487 570 3,631 2, 664, 104 2, 216, 757 29,965 74,128 276, 595 16,410 15,896 2,574 31,779 2,792,032 2, 745,035 13, 248 5,171 3,111 16,091 422 634 8, 320 1,430,848 1,383,718 18,685 1,172 705 732 4,622 1,535 19,679 37, 479 35, 469 20 2 1,959 0 27 1,679,084 1,624,656 7,963 207 55 22,614 0,617 5 17,967 255, 950 254, 105 18 139 1,002 686 70i;833 661', 299 463 150 37 '138 500 406 38,840 461,718 397,059 1,533 48,877 5,952 1,272 862 6, 163 10, 248 7,153 1,614 1 1,280 200 4f 388 4, 205 50 69 20 28 16 686, 129 643i 281 3,585 655 805 3,279 22,915 821 10,788 63, 248 47,122 540 1,448 8 13,535 200 395 164,283 75,496 59,196 3, 710 6, 152 6,203 163 295 13,068 999, 410 954,800 2,559 4,100 300 568 1,671 35,412 334,378 301,341 9,085 3, 227 5,437 299 4,698 0,084 4, 207 1,133,302 1,112,2.34 1,540 64 /O 14,261 120 5,008 Total irrigated with pumped water. 477, 625 13, 807 309, 134 16,993 20,925 1,979 8,023 157 906 7, 485 1,615 119 5, 211 548 65,643 2,859 20, 606 1,615 ' Exclusive of land irrigated for rice .growing. More than nine-tenths (92.9 per cent) of the acreage irrigated in 1909 was supplied with water by gravity diversion from streams, and, including cases where water was pumped, streams constituted the source of supply for 94.1 per cent of the total acreage irrigated. Wells supplied the next largest acreage, 3.3 per cent of the total, about one-third of this acreage being watered by flowing wells. Springs furnished the supjily for 1.4 per cent of the total acreage irrigated, and reservoirs and lakes each for less than 1 per cent. Of the total acreage irrigated from wells, California contained 77.6 per cent, and New Mexico 12.1 per cent. In the case of the other sources of su]>ply the acreage irrigated was more generall}^ distributed among the states. 426 ABSTiiACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. IRRIGATION WORKS. Number of enterprises and number and length of ditches. — Table 7 shows the number of irrigation enterprises, and tlie number and length of main and lateral ditches, respectively, reported in 1910. It should be borne in mind that some lateral ditches are juuch larger than so:ne main ditches, and that the distinction is more or less arbitrary. Table 7 STATE. Num- ber of enter- prises. DITCHES. Number. Length (miles). Total. Main. ditches. Lat- erals. Total. Main ditches. Ltit" erals. Total 54, 700 81,837 45,720 36, 117 125; 591 87,529 38,062 Arizona 1,209 1,204 891 313 2,597 1,727 870 California 13, 970 14,733 8,590 6, 143 21, 129 12, 620 8,509 Colorado 9, 005 14,017 8,405 5,612 22, 570 17,564 5,006 Idaho 3,092 6,568 3,209 3,359 12,759 7,662 5,097 Kansas 716 128 89 39 316 274 42 Montana 5,534 14, 980 6,673 8,307 18,934 12, 990 5,944 Nebraska 474 1,458 420 1,038 2,728 1,459 1,269 Nevada 1,347 2,525 994 1,531 3,151 1,938 1,213 New Me.xico 2,786 3,381 2, 101 1,280 5,854 4,664 1,190 North Dakota 49 93 47 46 126 52 74 Oklahoma 114 153 47 106 85 54 31 Oregon 3,745 6,100 3,582 2,518 7,591 5,539 2,052 South Dakota 395 680 348 332 1,256 631 625 Texas > 2,161 1,252 636 616 1,663 941 722 Utah 2,472 3,852 2,495 1.357 7,709 5,887 1,822 W ashington 1,934 2, 780 1,600 1, 180 3,892 2,594 1,298 Wyoming 5,577 7,933 5,593 2,340 13,231 10, 933 2,298 1 Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the irrigation of rice. Reservoirs. — Table 8 gives, by states, the number and capacity of reservoirs used for irrigation in 1910. The acre-foot, used to express capacity, is the quantity of water required to cover 1 acre to the depth of 1 foot, or 43,560 cubic feet. Most of these reservoirs are filled from streams during flood season and in the winter, the stored water being used in the late sum- mer on land wliich receives its earlier supply by gravity diversion from streams. Some, however, store storm water flowing in drainage channels which are ordinarily dry. Table 8 STATE. RESE Number. RVOIRS. Capacity (acre-feet). 6,812 12,581, 129 402 1,349,938 1,583 '743,209 i;084 2,646,593 Idaho '243 1,742' 303 42 31,024 827 580,261 41 2,098 109 325; 953 622 454, 162 North Dakota 22 132, 187 11 22 271 1,024,266 South Dakota 314 '210,205 288 72,051 480 588,317 156 121,5)3 414 2,550,937 * Exclusive of reservoirs suppiying water tor the irrigation of rice. Wells. — Table 9 shows the number and capacity of flowing and pumped wells used for irrigation in 1910. The capacities reported are estimates made by the owners, and arc often not very accurate, as few well owners liave facilities for measuring the discharge of weUs. In the case of pumped wells many of the state- ments of capacity are based on the estimated pump capacity, the capacity of the wells themselves never having been tested. Table 9 STATE. WELLS. Flowing. Pumped. Num- ber. Capacity (gallons per minute). Num- ber. Capacity (gallons per minute). Total 5,070 1, 345, 596 14, 558 6,428, 139 Arizona 214 9,953 470 765,921 California 2,361 477,343 10,724 4,119,675 Colorado 313 41,989 121 53,564 Idaho 62 7,200 24 2,826 Kansas 3 30 939 73,362 Montana 15 22,185 10 5,263 Nebraska 66 3,363 Nevada 19 1,302 6 1,349 New Mexico 673 669,268 466 190,690 North Dakota 1 15 Oklahoma 65 1,791 Oregon 51 3,035 92 20,883 South Dakota 42 14,382 4 24 Texas * 122 36,939 1,412 121,631 Utah 1,138 42,794 27 4,827 Washington 55 18,926 128 60,220 Wyoming 2 250 3 835 * Exciusive of wells supplying water for the irrigation of rice. Pumping plants. — Table 10 gives the number of pump mg plants used for irrigation in 1910, with the capacities of power plants and pumps. The capacities are given as reported by the owners, and in most cases represent the rated capacities claimed by the manu- facturers of the apparatus, which are probably in ex- cess of the capacities obtained in use under ordinary field conditions. Table 10 PUMPING PLANTS. Capacity Capacity of power of pumps Number. plants (gallons (liorse- per power). minute). Total 13,906 243,435 9,947,909 Arizona 429 37,258 851,873 California 9,297 128,143 5,276,298 Colorado 206 7,969 296,937 Idaho 58 7,065 278,569 Kansas 698 1,517 128,276 Montana 125 3,511 281,199 Nebraska 75 140 6,366 Nevada 18 693 24,295 New Mexico 413 14,226 216,355 North Dakota 4 2,038 182,115 Oklahoma 68 107 4,541 Oregon 229 3,095 118,514 South Dakota 8 63 6,289 Texas > 1,784 20,915 1,455,285 Utah 69 2,143 315,057 Washington 391 13,847 365,411 Wyoming 34 705 142,529 * Exclusive of plants supplying water for tlie irrigation of rice. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. COST. 427 Table 11 gives, by states, the total cost of irrigation enterprises in the arid region as reported at the Elev- enth, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Censuses, and also the estimated final cost of enterprises which were either completed or under way on July 1, 1910, the date of the census of irrigation of 1910. Taklo 11 COST OF IRRIGATION ENTERPRISES. Total... Arizona California Colorado Idaho Kansas Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico... North Dakota. Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Texas * * Utah Washington... Wyoming STATE. 1910 Increase. 1899 1889 1899-19101 1889-1899 Estimated final cost. Cost to July 1. Amount. Per cent. Per cent. $424,381,186 $307. 866, 369 $66,962,275 2 $29, 611. 000 $240,904,094 359.8 126.1 24,828,868 17,677,966' 4, 438,352 405,000 1.3,239,614 298.3 854.5 84,392,344 72,580,030 19,181,610 13,005,000 53,398, 420 278.4 47.5 76,443,239 56,630,443 11,758,703 6,369,000 44,877,740 381.7 84.6 58, 451, 106 40,977,688 5, 120,399 1,029,000 35,857,289 700.3 397.6 1,365,563 1,365,563 529,755 (U 835,808 157.8 32,382,077 22,970,958 4,683,073 1,623,000 18,287,885 390.5 188.5 9,485,231 7,798,310 1,310,698 (») 6, 487,612 495. 0 12, 188,756 6,721,924 1,537,559 1,251,000 5, 184,365 337.2 22.9 11,640,091 9, 154,897 4, 165,312 512,000 4,989,585 119.8 713.5 836,482 47,200 39,216,619 836,482 47,200 12,760,214 16,980 21,872 1,843,771 (») 819,502 25,328 10,916,443 4,826.3 115.8 826,000 592.1 123.2 3,800,556 3,043, 140 284,747 (») 2,758,393 968.7 8,613,533 7,346,708 705,608 (’) 6,641,100 941.2 17,840,775 14,028,717 5,865,302 2,780,000 8, 163,415 139.2 111.0 22,322,856 16,219,149 1,525,369 197,000 14,693,780 963.3 674.3 20,425,890 17,700,980 3,973, 165 1,281,000 13,727,815 345.5 210.2 • Increase computed on the basis of the cost to July 1, 1910. 2 Includes $273,000 for Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas, which are not shown separately in the report of the census of 1890, these five states being grouped under the designation of “subhumid region.” f Separate figures not available. * Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the irrigation of rice. The cost of irrigation enterprises up to July 1, 1910, as reported at the Thirteenth Census, includes the cost of construction, the cost of acquirmg rights, and any added costs incident to construction, such as the purchase of land for rights of way, the budding of structures for use in operation and maintenance, and engineering and legal expenses. For all of the larger enterprises the cost is that given by the owners, but it is probable that in many cases this is estimated rather than taken from actual accounts. For some of the smaUer enterprises the cost was estimated by the special agents of the Census Bureau, and in the case of some schedules received by mad the cost has been estimated in the bureau on the basis of the average cost per acre for other enterprises of the same class in the same vicinity. Many of the smaller ditches were budt a number of years ago by their owners without the expenditure of much, if any, money, and many of these have smee changed hands. In such cases the cost given by the present owners is only a rough esti- mate. The data as to cost reported for 1899 and 1889 are probably somewhat less accurate than those for 1910. The figure for cost given in the Twelfth Census report is designated as the "cost of construction of systems operated in 1899.” The figure for cost at the Eleventh Census is an estimate consisting of the sum of the amounts obtained by multiplying the acreage irrigated by the average first cost per acre of obtaining water, or of water rights, as given by the irrigators. Although not specifically stated m the reports for the previous censuses, it is probable that the figures there given include the same items represented in the figure for cost in 1910. The total cost of irrigation enterprises up to July 1, 1910, was reported as $307,866,369, which represents an increase of $240,904,094, or 359.8 per cent over the cost reported at the census of 1900. In no state in the arid region was the increase m cost for this period less than 100 per cent, the highest percentage of increase being m North Dakota and the lowest in Oklahoma. With respect to absolute increase Cali- fornia ranked first, Colorado second, Idaho third, and Montana fourth. The year 1910 was in the midst of a period of great activity in the construction of irriga- tion works, and on July 1, 1910, a large number of works were incomplete. The "estimated final cost” reported, $424,281,186, is the sum of the cost up to July 1 and the estimated cost of completing these unfinished works. Average cost per acre. — Table 12 gives the average cost of irrigation enterprises per acre. The averages for 1889 and 1899 are, with one exception, for the acre- age actually irrigated in the respective years. These averages are probably considerably higher than if they had been calculated on the basis of the acreage the en- terprises were capable of irrigating. At the Thirteenth Census the average cost per acre has been computed by dividing the cost to July 1, 1910, by the acreage which enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. Aver- ages based on the acreage imgated in 1909 and the cost 428 ABSTRACT OF THE (JENSUS- AGIIICULTITKE. to July 1, 1910, arc, however, also presented as a rough basis for comj)arison with the averages for the ])re- vious censuses. In addition, averages based on the estiinatc'd final cost of enterprises and the acreage wliich their owners expect finally to be able to su])ply with water are given. 'Jlicsc latter averages would represent most accurately the true cost of providing works t o supply water for irrigation, were it not for a more or less general tendency to underestimate cost and overestimate the acreage it will be possible to serve. Table 12 • ; average cost ok irrigation ENTKItPKISES per acre. liUO I STATE. Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage enter- prises were capable of irrigating in 1910. Based on cost to July 1, 1910, and acreage iiTigated in 1909. Based on estimated final cost and acreage included in projects. 1899 1889 Total $15.92 $22. 41 $13 64 $8.91 $8.15 Arizona 4o. 00 55.23 26.30 23.94 7.07 Califoniia 20.05 27. 24 15.37 13.27 12.95 Colorado 14. 19 20. 29 12.92 7.30 7. 15 Idaho 17. 15 28.64 16. 47 ' 3.79 4.74 Kansas 9.75 36. 44 S. 47 22. 43 e) Montana 10.42 13.68 9.21 4.92 4.63 Nebraska 18. 17 30. 47 13. 95 8.82 C') Nevada 7.99 9. 58 9. 89 3.05 7. 58 New Mexico 14.19 19.83 10. 56 20.43 5.58 North Dakota Oklahoma 38.17 7.38 81.02 10. 70 21.91 5.53 3.49 7.93 4. 75 (=) Oregon 15.36 18. 60 15.52 4.64 South Dakota 23.69 48. 11 18.85 6.52 (*) Texas 21.57 44.72 11.43 17.23 (2) Utah 11.22 14.04 9. 10 9. 32 10.55 Washington 34. 47 48.51 27.32 112. 08 4.03 W yoming 10.80 15.02 9. 18 0. 0 3.62 ' Based on acreage under ditch in 1899. - Figures for Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas are not shown separately in the report of the census of 1X90, these five states being grouped under the designation of “subhumid region.” The average for the sub- Immid region was $4.07. 3 E.xclusive of land irrigated for rice growing. The average cost per aci-e based on the acreage irri- gated in 1909 was $22.41; that based on the acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910 was $15.92; and that based on the estimated total cost and the acreage included in projects was $13.04. Between 1889 and 1899 there was no marked increase in the average cost of irrigation enterprises joer acre of land irrigated, but in 1910 the average cost per acre was very much higher. The chief reason for this is the fact that, naturall}", irrigation enteiiorises were first undertaken where water could be most easily secured and engineering difficulties were least serious. The enterprises undertaken during more recent years have been of necessity on a much larger scale tlum those built formerly, and, in most cases, of a better and moi'e per- manent tyjie of construction Indeed, much of the cost incurred between 1899 and 1910 was for the im- lirovement of existing works, especially by the addition of reservoirs, which did not provide water for new lands, but rather provided a better supply for land already irrigated. Average cost per acre, by type of enterprise. — Table 13 gives the average cost of irrigation enterprises per acre in 1910, computed in the three ways just sho\vn, for each class of enterjfrises. Table 13 , | average cost of irrigation ENTERPRISES PER ACRE. CLASS OF ENTERPRISE. Based on cost to July 1. 1910, and acreage en- terprises were capa- ble of irri- gating in 1910. Based on cost to July 1,1910, and acreage irrigated in 1909. Based on estimated final cost and acre- age in- cluded in projects. All Classes $15. 92 $22. 41 $13.64 U. S. Reclamation Service 67.52 134. 17 48. 14 U. S. Indian Service 12. 78 27.83 13.33 Carey Act enterprises 30.53 115.30 21.75 Irrigation districts 27.37 41.44 20.33 Cooperative enteiTirises 12.89 17.19 10.07 Individual and partnership enterprises 7.09 8.69 5.22 Commercial enterprises 24.98 41.71 16.79 The highest average cost per acre on each basis is shown for the United States Beclamation Service en- terprises, and the next liighest in each case for Carey Act enterprises. Irrigation districts ranked third and commercial enterprises fourth, except in one case where the order is reversed. These four classes comprise the laige enterprises which are now en- gaged in developing new lauds, and most of their work is of recent date. The works built by indi- \Tiduals or cooperative enterprises, which are smaller and were for the most part built at an earlier period, naturally utilized the sources from which water could be most readily diverted and transported to the land to be irrigated. The larger works of recent date serve land farther from the streams and involve better, more expensive, and more permanent construction, and as a result the average cost per acre is liigher than that for the small works. Average cost per acre, by size groups. — The average cost of irrigation works per acre for enterprises classi- fied by size is shown in Table 1 4. The classification is based on the acreage intended ultimately to be irrigated. It will be noted that in general the cost per acre irrigated increases with the size of enterprises. This condition is due at least in a considerable measure to the fact already noted that most of the larger enter- prises, which aie mainly of recent date, have had to seek water more difficult to obtain than that secured by the smallei' enterprises, and that the}’ represent a better type of work. IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROFR 429 Table 1-1 ENTERPRISES CONTAINING Total. Less than 25,000 1 acres. 2.5,000 to .50,000 acres. .50,000 to 75,000 acres. 75,000 to 100,000 acres. 100,000 acres and over. Number of enterprises of, 700 .54,548 74 28 16 34 Acreage: Irrigated In 1909 13, 738, 485 11,39.5,874 832,024 412, 685 264,096 83.3,806 Enterpri.ses were capable of irrigating in 1910 Included in projects 19,334,697 14,789,46.5 1,281,14.5 728, 795 493,514 2,041,778 31,111,142 20,632,614 2, 420,289 1,623,348 1,309,247 5, 125,644 Cost: To July 1, 1910 $175,308, 121 $23,411,977 $19, .524, 778 $14,420,824 $7.5,200,669 Estimated final 3424,281,186 3207,068,121 $33, 1,54,836 $33,537,574 $21,368,421 $129,152,234 Average cost per acre based on: Acreage irrigated in 1909 and cost to July 1, 1910 322. 41 $15.38 $28. 14 $47. 31 $.54.60 $90.19 Acroageenterprises werecapai)le of irrigating in 1910 and cost to July 1,1910 $15.92 $11.85 $18. 27 $26. 79 $29. 22 $36.83 Acreage included in projects and estimated final cost $13.64 $10. 04 $13. 70 $20. 66 $16. 32 $25.20 Operation and maintenance. — Table 15 gives the average cost per acre for the operation and mainte- nance of irrigation enterprises in 1909. The inqniry as to this item was not extended to individual fyid partnership enterprises, for the reason that farmers owning their own ditches usually clean and repair them at odd times without keeping any record of the time or money expended. In the case of some enterprises of other classes, no reports were received. The sta- tistics for cost of operation reported at the two previous censuses, for various reasons, are not fairly comparable with those for 1909, and consequently are not shown in the table. For the arid region as a whole, the average cost of operation and maintenance per acre irrigated was $1 .07. The abnormal cost shown for North Dakota ($28.40) relates almost entirely to a single large project which supplied water in 1909 to only a small part of the acreage which it is designed to serve. The lowest average is for Oklahoma ($0.51 per acre). Table Ij STATE. Acreage irri- gated in 1909 by enterprises for which cost of opera- tion and maintenance was reported. REPORTED CC ERATION AN NANCE IN V Amount. )ST OF OP- DMAINTE- m. Average per acre for which cost was reiJorted. ToUl 6,379,955 $6,828,433 $1.07 Arizona 230,429 214,358 0.93 California 1,368,247 2,109,431 1.54 Colorado 1,401,670 1,046,268 0.75 Idaho .' 883, 698 560,032 0.63 Kansas 34,255 54,595 1.59 Montana 394,507 349,662 0.89 Nebraska 209,023 227,385 1.09 Nevada 88,976 86,110 0.97 New Mexico 278,439 377,972 1.36 North Dakota 1, 610 45,718 28.40 Oklahoma 1,969 1,000 0.51 Oregon 263,855 198,111 0.75 South Dakota 25.514 16,288 0.64 Texas ' 109,697 356,260 3.25 Utah 689,994 451,283 0.65 Washington 176, 197 543,312 3.08 Wyoming 221.875 190, 648 0.86 ' Exclusive of enterprises supplying water for the irrigation of rice. CROPS. The returns of crops grown on irrigated land, which were made by the regular enumerators of population and agriculture, are somewhat incomplete, for the reason that, owing to the late date at which the pro- visions of law regarding the irrigation census were passed, the enumerators could not be as carefully instructed regarding the special irrigation schedules as regarding the regular agricultural schedules. On many of the schedules the agricultural enumerators reported land as irrigated but failed to return sepa- ratel}’ the crops grown on such land. The total acre- age of crops reported as raised on irrigated land formed 52.7 per cent of the total acreage irrigated in 1909; and while part of the remainder was doubtless in pasture, it is evident that part was in crops not reported as grown under irrigation and a part was probably in crops not harvested. *\1 though the totals are thus incomplete, the returns are sufficiently accu- rate to afford reliable averages of yields and values and to show the relative importance of the various crops. Table 16 gives, by states, the total acreage and total value of crops reported as irrigated in 1909, with the average value per acre. Table \H STATE. CROPS Acreage. IRRIG.VTED IN 1909. Value. Total. Average per acre. Total 7,241,561 $181,617,396 $25. OS Arizona 171,302 4,718, 100 27.54 California 1,196,767 52,057,007 43.50 Colorado 1,650,356 39,478,994 23.92 Idaho 772,684 16,582,213 21.46 Kansas 22,118 477,025 21.57 Montana 909,342 14,5,35,960 15.99 Nebraska 137,211 1,973,860 14.39 Nevada 356,079 5,339,475 15.00 New Mexico 230,0.34 5,705,922 24.80 North Dakota 3,273 56,215 17.18 Oklahoma 2,806 51,995 18.53 Oregon 368,911 7,489,255 20.30 South Dakota 38,438 505,684 . 13. 16 Texas > 58,227 2,645,385 45.43 Utah 579, 744 14,642,792 25.26 Wasliinglon 160,483 7,994,531 49.82 Wyoming 583, 786 7,362,983 12.61 > ExcUisive of rice. The table shows for all crops rejiorted as irrigated an average value per acre of $25.08. The highest average value per acre for crops raised on irrigated land is that for Washington, $49.82, which 430 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. is followed by that for Texas, $45.43 (exclusive of rice), and tliat for California, $43.50. Wyoming showed the lowest average value per acre, $12.61. As is to be expected, the average value per aci’e is higliest ill the states witli large areas of fruits, vegetables, and other s])ccialized crops raised by means of irrigation, while in those where forage croj)s and grains })redomi- nate the average is lower. Fruit crop.s comprised about 12 per cent of the total acreage of irrigated crops in Washington in 1909 and about 21 per cent of the total in California, and vegetables and otber special ci’ops about 21 per cent of the total acreage of irri- gated crops in Texas, exclusive of rice. In Wyoming, on the other hand, more than 32 per cent of the total acreage of irrigated crops in 1909 was in wild grass, and irrigated fruit crops were insignificant. Table 17 shows the reported acreage and value of each important irrigated crop in the arid region as a whole, with the percentage of the total represented by each. Table 17 CROPS IRRIGATED IN 1909. CROP. Acreage. Value. Amount. Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent of total. Total reported 7,241,661 100.0 $181,617,396 100.0 AllaUa 2,216,628 30.6 50, 850, .533 28.0 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses 1, 530, 669 21.1 11,734,258 6.5 Oats 739, 632 10.2 14,055, 424 7.7 Wheat 548, 173 7.6 12,826,982 7.1 Bariev 240,117 3.3 4,399, 445 2.4 Orchard fruits and grapes 236,385 3.3 18,245,182 10.0 Other tame or cultivated grasses 219,701 3.0 2,571,297 1.4 Grains cut green 209, 363 2.9 2,992,570 1.6 Timothy alone 202,817 2.8 3,211,651 1.8 Sugar beets 183, 467 2.5 10,511,467 5.8 Timothy and clover mixed 183, 308 2.5 3,071,9,35 1.7 Potatoes 168,014 2.3 10,085,692 5.6 Corn 133,673 1.8 2, 423, 507 1.3 Tropical and subtropical fruits 99, 431 1.4 15,344,375 8.4 All other 330. 183 4.6 19,293.078 10.6 In acreage alfalfa ranked first, with 30.6 per cent of the total reported; “wild, salt, or prairie grasses” second, with 21.1 per cent; and oats thml, with 10.2 per cent. Forage crops, taken together, occupied about 63 per cent of the total reported acreage, cereals about 23 per cent, sugar beets 2.5 per eent, potatoes 2.3 per cent, fruit crops about 5 per cent, and the crops such as vegetables, root forage, cotton, buckwheat, and others (grouped under the head “all other”) 4.6 per cent. In value also alfalfa was most important, represent- ing 28 per cent of the total amount reported; but orchard fruits and grapes ranked second in this respect among the crops shown separately and trop- ical fruits third, notwithstanding the relatively small acreages in these crops. Average yields per acre. — Table 18 shows for each of the leading crops grown on irrigated land the aver- age yield ])er acre in comparison with the average yield of the same cro]) on unirrigated land in the United States as a whole. Yields for fruit crops an^ not given because of ( he large variety of units in which these yields were ex])ressed and because the general agricultural schedules do not show the acreage in these crops. Table 18 CROP. AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE. EXCESS OF AVER- AGE YIELD ON IRRIGATED LAND OVER THAT ON UN- IREIGATED LAND.* On Irrigated land, arid region. On unir- rigated land, entire United States. Amount. Per cent. Cereals: Com 23.7 25.9 -2.2 -8.5 Oats 36.8 28.5 8.3 29.1 W heat 25.6 15.3 10.3 67.3 Barley 29.1 22.3 6.8 30.5 Hay and forage: Alfalfa tons.. 2.94 2.14 0.80 37.4 Timothy alone 1.73 1.22 0.51 41.8 Timothy and clover mixed . tons. . 1.82 1.26 0.56 44.4 Other tame or cultivated grasses ^ . tons. . 1.53 1.05 0.48 45.7 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses. tons. . 1.06 1.07 -0.01 -0.9 Grains out green 1.46 1.23 0.23 18.7 Sundry crops: Potatoes 153.6 103.8 49.8 48.0' Sugar beets 11.89 9.73 2.16 22.2 1 A minus sign (— ) indicates that the yield on irrigated land Is less than thatoa unirrigated land. 2 Includes millet or Hungarian grass. For each of the crops presented in the table except corn and “wild, salt, or prairie grasses,” the average yield on irrigated land exceeds that on imirrigated land, the percentages of excess ranging from 18.7 for grains cut green to 67.3 per cent for wheat. As cli- matic conditions in the arid region are not favorable to corn, it is not grown to a large extent there. In the case of “wild, salt, or prairie grasses” the average yields on irrigated and unin’igated land are practically equal. A large part of the unirrigated wild grass is cut.on river bottom lands where the soil is likely to be wet, even without irrigation, and consequently a difference in favor of irrigated land is not to be expected. A combined average for all the crops listed m Table 18, each being given a weight corresponding to its acreage, shows an excess yield of 28.6 per cent for the crops grown on irrigated land over those grown on imirrigated land. It i.s, of course, obvious that this difference in no way represents the advantage of irriga- tion over nonirrigation. In some sections where rain- fall is plentiful irrigation would add little to the yield, but in arid sections often little or nothing can be raised without irrigation. Average values per acre. — The average values per acre of the loading irrigated crops reported for the arid region are shown in Table 19 in comparison with averages for the same crojis grown on imirrigated land for the United States as a whole, so far as acreage figures are available for these. Among crops grown on irrigated land in 1909, tropical fruits led in average value j)cr acre by a wide margin, orchard fruits and grapes ranking second. Potatoes followed the fruit crops, with an average value of $60.03, and sugar beets were next of the IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATED CROPS. 431 crops shown separately, the average value being $57.29 per acre. Alfalfa, the most important imgated crop, had an average value per acre of $22.94. In com- paring the average values per acre for different crops it should bo borne in mind that the crops with higher average values often require more expensive methods of cultivation than those with lower average values. Tabic 19 CROP. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. EXCESS OF AVER- AGE VALUE FOR IRRIGATED LAND OVER THAT FOR UNIRRIGATED LAND. On irrigated land, arid region. On imir- rigated land, entire United States. Amount. Per cent. $154. 32 (1) 77. 18 (1) Potatoes 60.03 $44.66 $15.37 34.4 Sugar beets 57.29 51.90 5.39 10.4 Wfieat 23.40 14.75 8.65 58.6 Alfalfa 22.94 16.97 5.97 35.2 Oats 19.00 11.64 7.36 63.2 Barley 18.32 11.81 6.51 55. 1 Com 18. 13 14.62 3.51 24.0 Timothy and clover mixed 16.76 13.13 3.63 27.6 Timothy alone 15. 84 12.76 3 98 24.1 Grains cut green 14.29 14.26 0.03 0.2 Other tame or cultivated grasses 2 11.70 10. 35 1.35 13.0 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses 7.67 5.06 2.61 51.6 58.43 (’) 1 Acreage not reported. 2 Includes millet or Hungarian grass. 3 Comparable figure not available. Each of the crops shown in the table for wliich comparisons are made had a higher average value per acre for irrigated land than is shown for the same crop grown on unirrigated land for the United States. The excess in favor of the products raised on irrigated land, for the crops included in the com- parison, ranged from 0.2 per cent for grains cut green to 63.2 per cent for oats. The average excess for irri- gated crops for the crops for which comparative figures are given in the table, based on the total acreages and total values, is about 43 per cent. It should be noted that the comparison just made does not include the crops with the highest average values per acre, such as fruits and vegetables. Comparison with preceding census. — According to the reports of the Twelfth Census the total acreage of irrigated crops in the arid and semiarid states was 5,932,557, while the acreage of such crops reported at the present census of irrigation was 7,241,561, which represents an increase of 22.1 per cent. The fact that this increase is much smaller than the increase in the acreage reported as irrigated (82.7 per cent) is a IRRIGATION FO: As previously stated, the special inquiry into irri- gation for rice growing was confined to the rice growing districts of Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. The data collected, except those relating to crops, are summarized in Table 21. The number of farms reporting irrigation for rice growing and the acreage irrigated, as reported at the further indication that the crop reports of the census of irrigation for 1910 are incomplete. Because of this incompleteness, the crop figures of the two censuses are not compared directly, but in Table 20 the per- centage wliich the acreage in each irrigated crop formed of the total acreage reported in such cro])s is shown for the two censuses. Table 20 ACREAGE OF IRRIGATED CROPS. 1909 1899 CROP. Per Per Acreage. cent of Acreage. cent of total. totaU Total reported 7, 241,561 100.0 5, 932, 557 100.0 Alfalfa 2,216,628 30.6 1,517,888 25.6 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses 1,530,669 21.1 997, 438 16.8 Oats 739.632 10.2 332,365 5.6 Wheat 548, 173 7.6 775,991 13.1 Barley 240,117 3.3 172,228 2.9 Other tame or cultivated grasses ‘ 219, 701 3.0 .306,298 5.2 209,363 2.9 200, 639 3.4 Sugar beets 183; 467 2.5 9,074 0.2 Potatoes 168,014 2.3 90, 991 1.5 Com 133,673 1.8 149, 799 2.5 Tropical and subtropical fraits 99,431 1.4 87, 071 1.5 Rye 6,054 0.1 7,096 0.1 All other 946,639 13.1 1,285,679 21.7 1 Includes millet or llungarian grass. From Table 20 it appears that at both censuses alfalfa was the leading crop grown under irrigation, but that it occupied a considerably larger proportion of the total acreage reported for irrigated crops in 1909 than in 1899. The crop next in importance in re- spect to acreage in both years was “wild, salt, or prairie grasses, ” which likewise comprised a larger per- centage of the total in 1909 than in 1899. Oats was third in acreage in 1909, followed by wheat, while m 1899 wheat ranked third and oats fourth. Oats covered a much larger percentage of the total acreage of irrigated crops in 1909 than in 1899 and wheat a much smaller percentage in the later than m the earlier year. The most notable relative increase was for sugar beets, the growing of this crop in the irrigated region being largely a development of the last decade. Pota- toes also showed a marked increase in relative im- portance. Tropical and subtropical fruits occupied about the same place in the two censuses. From a comparison of Table 20 with Table 19, it will be seen that, with the exception of “wild, salt, or prairie grasses,” the irrigated crops which are increasing in acreage most rapidly are all among the crops with relatively high values per acre. RICE GROWING. census of 1910, cover the year 1909, while all other data for that census relate to the year 1910. The reports of the agricultural census of 1910 show that 95.5 per cent of the entire acreage of rice harvested in 1909 was in the three states included in the special irrigation inquiry, and that in all the other states a marked decrease occurred between 1899 and 1909 432 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. ill tiic acreage in rice. The ligures given in the table for tlie census of 1910 represent, therefore, in a fairly adequate measure, the extent of irrigation for rice growing in tlie United States. 'The acreage rejiorted on the special irrigation sched- ules as inigated for rice growing in 1909 is greater than the total acreage of rice reported in that year on the agricultural schedules for the territory covered. This difference is due principally to the fact that the irriga- tion schedules show the total acreage watered, while the agricultural schedules show only the acreage harvested. A considerable acreage planted in rice in 1909 was not harvested because of poor stand, short- age of water, and damage by storms. Table 21 Total for specified states. Louisiana. Texas. Arkan- sas. Number of farms reporting irrigation for rice growing 4,010 2, 690 1,088 232 Acreage irrigated for rice growing 694,800 380, 200 286, 847 27, 753 Acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910 950, 706 553,220 350, 350 47, 136 Acreage included in projects 1,134, .822 581,965 499, 474 52,883 Number of enterprises 2,158 1,237 611 310 Total length of ditches miles. . 2,339 1,168 1,040 131 Length of main ditches. ..miles.. 1,398 729 538 131 Length of lateral ditches, .miles. . 941 4:19 502 Reservo u-s; Number 144 104 21 19 Capacity acre-feet. . 21, 795 19,482 2,310 3 Flowing wells: Number 1 1 Capacity gals, i^er min. . 80 80 Pumped wells: Number 1,413 606 500 307 Capacity gals. per min. . 1,822,560 1,108,236 445,495 268,829 Pumping plants: Number 1,897 1,007 575 315 Capacity of pow-er plants, horse- power 118,045 57,426 48, 179 12,440 Capacity of pumps, gals, per min. . 9, 407, 955 5,064, 173 3,907,380 436,402 Cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1, 1910 $13,587,639 $6, 859, 166 $6, 140,639 $587,834 Average cost per acre ' $14.29 $12.40 $17.53 $12. 47 Estimated final cost of existing en- terprises $13,667,639 $6,914,166 $6, 140, 639 $612,834 A verage cost per acre 2 $12.05 $11.88 $l2. 29 $11.59 1 Based on acreage enterprises were capable of irrigating in 1910. 2 Based on acreage included in projects. The total acreage irrigated for rice growing in the three states in 1909 was 694,800-, of which 54.7 per cent was in Louisiana, 41.3 per cent in Texas, and 4 per cent in Arkansas. The enterprises which were completed or under way in 1910 were reported as capable of irri- gating 950,706 acres in that year and of serving ulti- mately a total of 1,134,322 acres. The total cost of irrigation enterprises to July 1, 1910, was $13,587,639, or an average of $14.29 per acre for the land to which they were capable of supplying water in 1910. Upon the basis of the acreage irrigated in 1909, the average cost per acre was $19.56. The estimated total cost of enterprises completed or under way in 1910 was $13,667,639, or $12.05 per acre for the land included in these enterprises. From these figures it appears that the works for supplying water for rice irrigation which were under construction in 1910 were relatively insignificant. In the report on irrigation for the Twelfth Census no information relating t o the irrigation of rice in Arkan- sas is given, because the rice growing industry in that state was insignificant in 1900. In Table 22 comparisons are made for Louisiana ami Texas for the few items that were reported at both censuses. The figures for the Twelfth Census relate to the year 1899. Tabic 2a LOUISIANA. TEXAS, Census of — Per cent of in- crease. (■) Census of— Per cent of increase. 1910 19s, l)indings, corset and shoe laces, and the like. Clothing, men’s, including shirts. — This classification includes the making of men’s and boys’ ready-made clothing; the making of overalls, butchers’ aprons, bathirig suits, and gymnasium clothing; and the manu- facture of all kinds of shirts — cotton, linen, flannel, etc. — as well as shirt bosoms and shirt waists for men and boys. Boots and shoes, including cut stoch and findings . — Under this head are included not only factories making the finished product, but those doing the whole or part of the work on materials furnished by others, as well as shops doing stitching, crimping, fitting, and bottoming, or performing other special operations. The manufacture of footwear not coming strictly under the head of boots and shoes, such as overgaiters, moccasins, and leggings, is also covered by this desig- nation. It does not include the manufacture of rub- ber boots and shoes. Clothing, women’s. — Besides the making of suits, dresses, skirts, and shirt waists, this industry includes the manufacture of women’s underwear and night robes, of infants’ clothing, and of such articles as aprons, linings, belts, dress shields, and hose sup- porters. Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar . — Under this classification are included the manufacture of sugar and of some by-products of the sugar indus- try, such as molasses and sirup, and also the opera- tions of sugar refineries, together with the manufacture of maple sugar. It does not, however, include the small plantation or custom sugar mills. Furniture and refrigerators. — This industry embraces the manufacture of wood and metal furniture of all kinds, store and office fixtures, and refrigerators and ice boxes, except where such products are provided for by a distinct classification, such as show cases. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. — This classifica- tion comprises the manufacture of sheet-metal prod- ucts of copper, tin, and iron, including the prepa- ration of copper, tin, or sheet-iron material for build- ing construction. It includes the factory work on cornices, skylights, roofmg, etc., but does not include the erection or installation of the same. Canning and preserving. — Tliis industry includes the canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables, fish, oysters, clams, etc., and the manufacture of pickles, preserves, jellies, sauces, etc. It includes the prepara- tion of pickled, smoked, and dried fish, and the packing of dried fruits by packing houses which make a spe- cialty of such business, but does not include the drving and packing of fruits by the grower on the farm, nor does it include the canning of meats, soups, and similar products in meat-packing establishments, the statistics for which are included with those for the slaughtering and meat-packing industry. Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations . — Under this liead are included establish- ments making so-called patent medicines, and also some compounds that are not used for medicinal pur- poses, and the manufacture of capsules, extracts, tinctures, and other pharmaceutical preparations, to- gether with perfumery and cosmetics. Chemicals. — This classification includes establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of acids, sodas, potashes, alums, coal-tar products, cyanides, bleaching materials, plastics, compressed or liquefied gases, alkaloids, gold, silver, and platinum salts, chloroform, ether, and other fine chemicals, glycerin, epsom salts, copperas, blue vitriol, and other bases and salts, when they are made as a chief product by the establishment reporting. Chemical substances pro- duced by the aid of electricity are presented in a group by themselves. Chemicals of the class above specified are frequently manufactured as by-products by establishments classified in the census reports under a different head, for example, by establishments making patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ prepa- rations, soap, fertilizers, baking powders, and flavoring extracts ; by refiners of coal tar for use as roofing ma- terial; by smelters and refiners of lead and zinc; and by establishments engaged in the manufacture of sul- phuric, nitric, and mixed acids and of explosives, in wood distillation, and in making tin and terne plate. It will be seen from Table 4 that some of the indus- tries that hold a very high rank in gross value of prod- ucts rank comparatively low in the number of wage earners employed and in the value added by manu- facture. Wliere this is the case it indicates that the cost of materials represents a large proportion of the total value of products, and that therefore the value added by manufacture, of which wages constitute usually the largest item, is not commensurate with the total value of products. Thus the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, which ranks fii-st in gross value of products, and the flour-mill and gristmill in- dustry, which ranks fifth in that respect, both hold a comparatively low rank with regard to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. The blast-furnace industry, the smelting and refinhig of copper, the manufacture and refining of sugar and mo- lasses, the manufacture of butter, cheese, and con- densed milk, the refining of petroleum, and the smelt- ing and refining of lead are other industries which rank much higher in gross value of products than in the number of wage earners or the value added by manufacture. There are several industries the rank of which according to the number of wage earners and the value added by manufacture is decidedly liigher than the rank according to value of products; in other words, the cost of materials is relatively a smaller part of the total value of products for these industries than for 442 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES most others. Amonji; tlie industries of tliis class are the making of wojiien’s clothing, the manufacture of automobiles, furniture, electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, hosiery and knit goods, silk goods, and agricultural implements, and the confectionery and marble and stone work industries. The foundry and macliine-shop industry, the lum- ber industry, the steel works and rolling mills, the printing and pubhshing industry, the manufacture of cotton goods, of men’s clothing, and of boots and shoes all rank among the first 10 industries in the table on each of the three bases shown in the table. The fig- ures for both value of products and value added by manufacture in the case of the brewery and distillery industries include a very large amount of tax paid to the F ederal Government, and are therefore misleading as an indication of the relative importance of these industries from a purely manufacturing standpoint. That importance is best shown by their ranking in number of wage earners; in this respect the brewery in- dustry ranks twenty-fifth among the industries listed, and the distillery industry forty-third. Table 4 WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OF INCREASE.* INDUSTRY. Number of estab- lish- ments. Average number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Amount (e.xpressed in thou- Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Amount (expressed in thou- Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Wage earners (average number). Value of products. Value added by manufac- ture. M a 03 sands). a C3 sands). a C3 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 AU industries 268,491 6,615,046 100.0 $20,672,062 100.0 $8,529,261 100.0 21.0 le.o 39.7 29.7 36.6 30.3 Slaughtering and meat packing 1,041 89, 728 16 1.4 1,370,568 1 6.6 167,740 13 2.0 19.0 8.9 48.6 17.0 51.6 7.3 Foundry and machine-shop products 13,25.1 531,011 2 8.0 1,228,475 2 0.9 688,464 1 8.1 19.8 3.8 39.5 10.3 34.2 17.8 Lumber and timber products 40,071 695,019 1 10.5 1,156,129 3 5.6 648,011 2 7.6 30.5 4.7 30.7 16.2 23.7 32.3 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 446 240, 076 6 3.6 985,723 4 4.8 328,222 4 3.9 15.7 13 3 46.3 12.9 41.0 12.8 Flour-mill and gristmill products 11,691 39, 453 30 0.6 883,584 5 4.3 116,008 18 1.4 0.9 21.4 23.9 42.2 24.7 27.0 Printing and publishing 31,445 258, 434 5 3.9 737,870 6 3.6 536,101 3 6.3 18.0 12.2 33.6 39.8 30.8 40.6 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 1,324 378,880 3 5.7 628,392 7 3.0 257,383 7 3.0 19.9 4.3 39.5 32.8 56.7 1.0 Clothing, men’s, including shirts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and find- 6,354 2.39,696 7 3.6 568, 077 8 2.7 270,562 6 3.2 38.0 10.2 39.7 25. 6 38.5 25.5 ings 1,918 198,297 8 3.0 512,798 9 2.5 180,060 10 2.1 23. 7 6.0 43.4 23.3 36.0 34.: W oolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats . 985 168,722 9 2.6 435,979 10 2.1 153, 101 15 1.8 15.0 12.3 36.5 28.4 33.4 20.9 Tobacco manufactures Cars and general shop construction and repairs 15,822 166,810 10 2.5 416,695 11 2.0 239,509 8 2.8 4.6 20.3 25.8 25.6 16.8 20.0 by steam-railroad companies 1,145 282, 174 4 4.3 405.601 12 2.0 206,188 9 2.4 19.1 36.4 30.9 42.0 29.9 46. ( Bread and other bakery products 23,926 100,216 14 1.5 396,805 13 1.9 158,831 14 1.9 23.3 35.0 47.2 53.7 39.8 41.' Iron and steel, blast furnaces 208 38,429 31 0.6 391,429 14 1.9 70, 791 30 0.8 9.6 -10.6 68.8 12.1 33.9 —29.'; Clothing, women’s 4,558 153,743 11 2.3 384,752 15 1.9 175,964 11 2.1 32.9 38.2 55. 4 55.4 50.5 56.7 Smelting and refining, copper 38 15,628 38 0.2 378,806 16 1.8 45,274 36 0.5 22.6 12.6 57.3 45.8 2.8 2.5 Liquors, malt 1,414 54,579 25 0.8 374, 730 17 1.8 278, 134 5 3.3 13.4 22.0 25.6 25.9 24.5 20.6 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 919 62, 202 23 0.9 327,874 18 1.6 79,595 27 0.9 8.7 9.8 29.8 23.8 29.5 25.: Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar. . 233 13, 526 41 0.2 279, 249 19 1.4 31,666 41 0.4 -0.2 -4. 1 0.7 15.7 -2.7 77.5 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 8,479 18,431 36 0.3 274,558 20 1.3 39,012 39 0.5 18.5 21.5 63.2 28.6 54.4 15.1 Paper and wood pulp 777 75,978 18 1.2 267,657 21 1.3 102,215 21 1.2 15.2 32.9 41.8 48.2 32.0 36.4 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 743 75,721 19 1.1 249, 202 22 1.2 117,556 17 1.4 528.4 437. 7 729.7 532. 6 596.3 473.5 Furniture and refrigerators 3,155 128, 452 13 1.9 239,887 23 1.2 131,112 37,725 16 1.5 12.5 26.0 34.9 36. 1 29.9 37. f Petroleum, refining 147 13,929 40 0.2 236,998 24 1.1 40 0.4 -16.9 37.4 35.4 41.2 5.9 69. ( Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 1,009 87,256 17 1.3 221,309 25 1.1 112,743 20 1.3 44.3 43.9 57.2 52.3 52.4 72.1 Liquors, distilled 613 6,430 43 0.1 204,699 26 1.0 168,722 12 2.0 20.1 44.0 55.9 35.6 59.7 29.4 1,374 129,275 73,615 12 2.0 200,144 199,824 27 1.0 89,903 87, 242 23 1. 1 24. 2 24. 4 40. 0 43.0 49. 1 35. 1 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 4,228 20 1. 1 28 1.0 25 1.0 38.8 38. 4 66.6 53.1 55.8 56.6 Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 852 99,037 15 1.5 196,912 29 1.0 89,145 24 1.0 24. 4 21.7 47.7 24.3 55.2 28. f Smelting and refining, lead 28 7,424 42 0.1 167,406 30 0.8 15,443 43 0.2 -2.0 -9.0 -9.9 5.9 -8.5 -46.1 Gas, illuminating and heating 1,296 37,215 32 0.6 166,814 31 0.8 114,386 19 1.3 21.8 36.1 33.3 65.3 30.0 59.6 Carriages and wagons and materials 5,492 69,928 21 1.1 159,893 32 0.8 77,942 28 0.9 -10.2 5.5 2.6 12.7 -0.5 9.6 Canning and preserving 3,767 59,968 24 0.9 157, 101 33 0.8 55,278 31 0.7 5.3 -0.1 20. 4 31.3 16.8 32.7 Brass and bronze products 1,021 40,618 29 0.6 149,989 147,868 34 0.7 50,761 34 0.6 22.5 22. 1 46. 5 15.5 38. 1 3:1.8 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 817 17,071 37 0.3 35 0.7 28,035 42 0.3 9.9 41.2 53.4 64.2 71.2 20.8 Agricultural implements Patent medicines and compounds and drug- 640 50,551 26 0.8 146,329 36 0.7 86,022 26 1.0 6.7 1.7 30.6 10.7 35.0 11.3 gists’ preparations 3,642 22,895 35 0.3 141,942 37 0.7 91,. 566 22 1.1 11.8 7.6 20.9 32.3 17.5 37.1 Confectionery 1,944 44,638 27 0.7 134,796 38 0.7 53,645 32 0.6 23.2 34.9 54.8 43. 0 40. 1 51.4 Paint and varnish Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations 791 14, 240 39 0.2 124,889 39 0.6 45,873 35 0.5 22.4 20.0 37.5 30.6 47.9 24.9 of railroad companies no 43,080 28 0.7 123,730 40 0.6 44,977 37 0.5 26.5 1.8 11.3 22.8 20.6 23.5 Chemicals 349 23,714 34 0.4 117,689 41 0.0 53,567 33 0.() 19.7 4. 1 .56. 5 20. 1 61.5 18.0 Marble and stone work 4,904 65,603 22 1.0 113,093 42 0.5 75,696 29 0.9 28.4 22.0 33.3 33.3 29.9 38.4 Leather goods 2,375 34,i)07 33 0.5 104,719 43 0.5 44,692 2,084,399 38 0.5 2. 1 10.8 27.5 35.9 18.6 38.6 All other industries 61,887 1,648,441 24.9 4,561,002 22.0 24.4 18.5 23.9 41.8 41.5 36. 6 47.1 > Per cent of increase is based on Tigares in Table 111). A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. The table shows very great difl’erences among the several industries with resjiect to the percentages of increase in the number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture. The great majority of the industries, however, show an increase in each of these items for each of the five- year periods, the exceptions being the sugar industry and the smelting and refining of lead, which show a decrease in one or more items for each five-year period; the refining of petroleum, which shows a STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRII^JS. 443 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF VALUE OF PRODUCTS, BY INDUSTRIES; 1909. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY INDUSTRIES; 1909. PER CENT 0123468739 10 MEAT PACKtNQ fOUNORY ANO MACHINE SHOPS LUMBER STEEL ROLLING MILLS FLOUR MILLS PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING COTTON GOODS CLOTHING, MEN'S SOOTS AND SHOES WOOLEN GOODS TOBACCO RAILROAD SHOPS BAKERIES BLAST FURNACES -CLOTHING, WOMEN'S COPPER SMELTING UQUORS, MALT LEATHER SUGAR ANO MOLASSES BUTTER ANO CHEESE PAPER AND PULP AUTOMOBILES FURNITURE PETROLEUM, REFINING ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. LIQUORS. DISTILLED KNIT GOODS COPPER, TIN. ANO SHEET IRON SILK GOODS decrease in one item, and the manufacture of carriages and wagons, which shows a decrease in two items, for the period 1904 to 1909; and the blast-furnace indus- try and the camiing and preserving industry, wlxich show a decrease in one item each during the period 1899 to 1904. By far the highest percentages of increase are shown for the automobile industry, the gross value of products of wliich increased more than sevenfold during the five years 1904 to 1909, and more than fifty fold during the decade as a whole. Other industries which show exceptionally large increases for both five-year periods in all three items are the making of men’s and of women’s clothing, the bakery and the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industries, the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, and of copper, tin, and sheet-iron products, the distillery in- dustry, the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods and of silk and silk goods, the illuminating-gas indus- try, the manufacture of brass and bronze products, and the confectionery, paint and varnish, and marble and stone work industries. It is interesting to note that the group of “all other industries, ” which in- PER CENT 4 6 6 LUMBER FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOPS COTTON GOODS RAILROAD SHOPS PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING STEEL ROLLING MILLS CLOTHING, MEN'S BOOTS ANO SHOES WOOLEN GOODS TOBACCO CLOTHING. WOMEN'S KNIT GOODS FURNITURE BAKERIES SILK GOODS MEAT PACKING ELECTRICAL APPARATUS PAPER AND PULP AUTOMOBILES COPPER, TIN, ANO SHEET IRON CARRIAGES AND WAGONS MARBLE AND STONE LEATHER CANNING ANO PRESERVING LIQUORS. MALT AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS CONFECTIONERY CARS. STEAM-RAILROAD BRASS AND BRONZE eludes the less important industries of the country, shows greater percentages of increase than all Indus- ^ tries combmed, thus indicating possibly an increased tendency toward diversification in manufacturing industries. The percentage of increase in all three of the items — number of wage earners, gross value of products, and value added by manufacture — was gi-eater during the second five-year period (1904 to 1909) than during the first (1899 to 1904) in the slaughtering and meat- packing and foundry and machine-shop industries, the manufacture of cotton goods, the men’s clothing, boot and shoe, and woolen-goods industries, the smelting and refining of copper, the manufacture of automobiles, silk and silk goods, brass and bronze products, agricultural implements, and paint and varnish, the steel works and rolling mills, and the chemical industry. On the other hand, the percentage of increase in all three items was less during the later five-year period than during the earlier in the flour-mill and gristnfill, rail- road repair shop, bakery, women’s clothing, paper and wood pulp, petroleum refining, furniture, illunfinating gas, carriage and wagon, and leather-goods industries. 444 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS MANUFACTURES. In all the other industries covered hy the table the increases during the second period are in some items greater than during the first period, while in other items they are less, or else the industry shows a decrease during one or both periods. In considering the relative importance of the indus- tries shown in Table 110 and not included in Table 4, it should be noted that there are several industries fisted the figures given for which fall far short of being a complete presentation of the statistics for that branch of manufactures covered by the industiy d*esignation, for the reason that they cover onl}'’ establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing the class of products indi- cated by this designation, wdaile large quantities of the same j)roducts are manufactured incidentally by estab- lishments classified under other heads. Some conspic- uous examples are the manufacture of glue, candles, lard, and fertilizers, and- the d 3 'eing and finishing of textiles. A large proportion of the glue, lard, and fertilizers are manufactured by slaughtering and meat-packing estab- lishments, and quantities of fertilizers are also made in cottonseed-oil mills. The dyeing and fmisliuig of tex- tiles is done largely in the establishments that manufac- ture the fabric. Candles are manufactured in establish- ments classified under the head of "soap” and in those engaged in the manufacture of petroleum products. For reasons of this character the roasting andgrinding of coffee and spice, and the manufacture of fertilizers, food preparations, and rubber goods, and the soap industry, for each of wdiich products valued at over 1100,000,000 were reported, are not shown in Table 4. Summary by states and geographic divisions. — Table 5 on the next page shows, for each state, the popu- lation, also the number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture in 1909, together with the rank of the state with respect to each of these items and the percentage of the total reported from each state. It also shows the percent- age of increase with respect to each of these three items from 1904 to 1909 and from 1899 to 1904, respectively. The states are arranged in the order of their rank with respect to value of products. The first seven states in respect to value of products are also the first seven in respect to number of wage earners and value added by manufacture. Each of these seven states has the same rank in all three respects except that Illinois, which is third in value of products and value added by manufacture, ranks fourth in num- ber of w’age earners, Massachusetts advancing to third place. These seven states together reported over three- fifths of the total value of manufactured products for the United States. Most of the other states show^ approximately the same rank in each of the three items, but there are several state.s in which, becauseof the large proportion which the cost of materials represents of the total value of products, the rank according to value of products is materially higher than that in number of w’age earners or in value added b}^ manufacture. This is particularly true of states in which the flour-mill and slaughtering indus- tries are the most important. The most noteworthy case of this character is Kansas, which ranks four- \ A1;UE OF PRODUFTS OF MANUFACTURES; 1909. 445 STATJ<:S, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. teenth in value of products, but only thirty-third in niunber of wage earners and twenty-eighth in value adiled by manufacture. With oidy one exception all of the states show an increase in each of the three items from 1904 to 1909; in Montana, however, the value added by manufac- ture shows a decrease for this period, due largely to merely teclmical dill’erences in methods of account- ing in the smelting industry, which is the principal one in that state. A few of the states showed a decrease in one or more items for the period 1899 to 1904. The greatest percentages of increase are naturally in those states in which the development of manu- facturing industries is com|)aratively recent. Thus Texas, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Oklahoma, Idaho, North Dakota, and Nevada show exceptionally high rates of increase for both live-year periods. Among the 10 states which are most important in manufac- turing the most conspicuous advances are in Ohio, New Jersey, and Michigan. The absolute increase, as distinguished from the percentage of increase, was greater in New York, the leading manufacturing state, than in any other state. Table 5 STATE. Population. Number of estab- lish- ments. WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OF INCREASE.* -\ver3ge number. « Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Amount (expressed in thou- sands). 03 « Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Amount (expressed in thou- sands). OS Per cent dis- tribu- tion. W age earners (average number). V alue of products. Value added by manu- facture. 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 United States 91,972,266 268,491 6,615,046 100.0 $20,672,052 100.0 $8,529,261 100.0 21.0 16.0 39.7 29.7 3S.S 30.3 New York 9,113,614 44,935 1,003,981 1 15.2 3, 369, 490 1 16.3 1,512,586 1 17.7 17.2 17.9 35.4 32.9 32.7 33.5 Pennsylvania 7,665,111 27,563 877,543 2 13.3 2,626,742 2 12.7 1,044,182 2 12.2 15.0 15.0 34.3 18.5 28.5 17.5 Illinois 5.638,591 18,026 465,764 4 7.0 1,919,277 3 9.3 758, 350 3 8.9 22.8 14.0 36.1 25.8 33.0 29.8 Massachusetts 3,366,416 11,684 584,559 3 8.8 1,490,529 4 7.2 659,764 4 7.7 19.7 11.4 32.6 23.8 32.6 21.7 Ohio 4,767, 121 15, 138 446,934 0 6.8 1,437,936 5 7.0 613, 734 5 7.2 22.7 18.2 49.7 28.3 41.7 27.6 New Jersey 2,537, 167 8,817 326,223 6 4.9 1,145,529 0 5.5 425,496 6 5.0 22.0 24.5 47.9 40.0 40.0 39.2 Michigan 2,810, 173 9,159 231,499 7 3.5 685,109 7 3.3 316, 497 7 3.7 32. 1 12.5 59.7 'i4.2 59.0 38.5 W isconsin 2, 333, 860 9,721 182,583 10 2.8 590,306 8 2.9 M3, 949 9 2.9 20.6 10.1 43.6 25.8 32.7 30.4 Indiana 2, 700, 876 7,969 186,984 9 2.8 579,075 9 2.8 244,700 8 2.9 21.3 10.9 47.0 16.9 41.1 22.2 Missouri 3, 293, 335 8,375 152, 993 11 2.3 574,111 10 2.8 219, 700 11 2.6 14.9 23.6 30.6 39.0 17.3 41.8 California 2,377,549 7,659 115,296 13 1.7 529, 761 11 2.6 204,523 12 2.4 14.9 30.0 44.3 42.7 35.0 63.8 Connecticut 1,114,756 4,251 210,792 8 3.2 490, 272 12 2.4 233,013 10 2.7 16.1 13.7 32.8 17.1 31.1 22.2 Minnesota 2, 075, 708 5,561 84, 767 18 1.3 409,420 13 2.0 127, 798 13 1.5 21.7 7.9 33.0 37.6 31.3 32.6 Kan.sas 1,690,949 3,435 44,215 33 0.7 325, 104 14 1.6 66,220 28 0.8 24.3 31.2 64.0 28.7 58.7 25.4 Maryland 1,295,346 4,837 107, 921 15 1.6 315, 669 15 1.5 116,620 15 1.4 14.6 0) 29.7 15.3 24.9 14.2 Rhode Island 542,610 1,951 113,538 14 1.7 280,344 16 1.4 122, 152 14 1.4 16.7 10.3 38.7 22.1 36.9 15.0 Texas 3,896,542 4,588 70,230 25 1.1 272,896 17 1.3 94,717 19 1.1 43.1 27.1 81.3 62.0 60.7 .53.0 Iowa 2, 224, 771 5,528 61,635 29 0.9 259, 238 18 1.2 88,531 22 1.0 24.6 11.4 61.4 20.8 53.4 22.6 Louisiana 1,656,388 2,516 76, 165 21 1.2 223,949 19 1.1 89,084 21 1.0 36.4 36.6 20.2 67.3 28.5 92.7 Kentucky 2.289,905 4,776 65,400 27 1.0 223,754 20 1.1 111,975 16 1.3 9.4 15.6 40.1 26.3 53.0 23.9 W ashington 1,141,990 3,674 69, 120 26 1.0 220,746 21 1.1 102,858 17 1.2 52.9 43.4 71.4 81.9 64.2 92.5 Virginia 2,061,612 5,685 105,676 16 1.6 219, 794 22 1.1 94,211 20 1.1 31.6 21.2 47.7 37.0 44.5 32.3 North Carolina 2,206,287 4,931 121,473 12 1.8 216,656 23 1.0 94,794 18 1.1 42.3 18.0 52.0 67.1 49.9 56.5 Georgia 2,609,121 4,792 104,588 17 1.6 202,863 24 1.0 85,893 23 1.0 12.8 11.3 343 .59.8 27.4 49.2 Nebraska 1,192,214 2,500 24,336 37 0.4 199,019 25 1.0 47,938 31 0.6 20. 1 8.5 28.5 18.9 .55.3 -10.2 Tennessee 2,184,789 4,609 73,840 22 1.1 180,217 26 0.9 76,201 25 0.9 21.9 31.8 30.6 48.7 30.0 53.5 Maine 742,371 3,546 79, 955 19 1.2 176,029 27 0.8 78,928 24 0.9 6.7 7.2 22.2 27.5 23.4 23.6 New Hampshire 430,572 1,961 78,658 20 1.2 164,581 28 0.8 66,424 27 0.8 20.3 -3.4 33.1 14.9 31.8 6.3 West Virgmia 1,221,119 2,586 63,893 28 1.0 161,950 29 0.8 69,072 26 0.8 46.0 32.3 63.5 47.8 54.8 49.8 Alabama 2, 138,093 3,398 72, 148 24 1.1 145,962 30 0.7 62, 519 29 0.7 16.0 18.0 .33.7 51.4 28.3 42.8 Colorado 799,024 2,034 28,067 .*^6 0.4 130,044 31 0.6 49,553 30 0.6 28.7 11.9 29.9 12.4 33.8 .30.8 South Carolina 1,515,400 1,854 73,046 23 1.1 113,236 32 0.5 46,885 32 0.6 22.9 26.4 42.7 48.8 59.4 28.7 Oregon 672. 765 2,246 28,750 35 0.4 93,005 33 0.4 42,453 35 0.5 55.2 28. 1 67.5 51.7 74.3 57.7 Mississippi 1.797,114 2,598 50,384 31 0.8 80,555 34 0.4 43, 629 34 0.5 30.2 44.4 40.2 70.4 37.8 84.3 Arkansas 1.574,449 2,925 44,982 32 0.7 74,916 35 0.4 39,981 36 0.5 35.9 5.0 39.1 35.0 24.7 48.5 Montana .376,053 677 11,655 41 0.2 73,272 36 0.4 24,092 38 0.3 .30. 1 -9.1 10.3 25.9 -5.5 12.4 Florida 752,619 2,159 57,473 30 0.9 72,890 37 0.4 46,762 33 0.6 36.5 18.7 44.9 47.1 38.5 58.3 Vermont 355,956 1,958 33,788 34 0.5 68,310 38 0.3 33,487 37 0.4 2.1 17.5 8.3 22.5 9.2 22.0 Utah .373, 351 749 11,785 40 0.2 61,989 39 0.3 20,723 40 0.2 46.4 48.8 59.2 116.5 48.2 113.8 Oklahoma 1.657,155 2,310 13, 143 39 0.2 53,682 40 0.3 19,529 41 0.2 140.9 129.1 119.5 200.7 142.1 198.3 Delaware 202,322 726 21,238 38 0.3 52,840 41 0.3 21,902 39 0.3 15.0 -10.2 28.4 -0.4 34.6 -1.9 Arizona 204,3.54 311 6,441 44 0.1 50, 2.57 42 0.2 16.657 42 0.2 34.4 53.3 79.0 37.4 23.5 7.4 District of Columbia 331,069 518 7.707 4.3 0. 1 25, 289 43 0.1 15. 042 43 0.2 22. 4 2.3 37.7 11.8 41.5 18.7 Idaho 325, 594 725 8,220 42 0. 1 22,400 44 0.1 12,480 44 0.1 168.5 97.2 li>5. 4 192.2 165.5 200.9 North Dakota 577,056 752 2,789 48 C-) 19, 138 45 0.1 5,464 46 0.1 58.9 29.2 87.3 63.2 75.0 48.0 South Dakota 583,888 1,020 3,602 40 0.1 17,870 46 0.1 6,394 45 0.1 44.5 12.0 36.6 37.3 45.7 44.1 Nevada 81,875 177 2, 257 . 49 (U 11,887 47 0.1 3,521 49 m 181.4 59. 1 283.9 145. 5 139. 8 145.1 New Mexico 327, ,301 313 4,143 45 0.1 7,898 48 m 4,637 47 0.1 19.1 39.7 38.4 40.5 33.6 68.3 Wyoming 145,965 268 2,867 47 m 6,249 49 (’) 3.611 48 m 56.3 -11.0 77.4 7.8 63.9 17.1 * Per cent of increase is based on figures in Table 111. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Table 6, on page 448, presents similar data for the nine grand geographic divisions of the United States, arranged in the order of their rank in value of products. The states included in each division are shown in Table 111. The three Middle Atlantic states — New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania — together reported more than one-third of the total value of manufactured products 2 Lo,ss than one-tenth of 1 per cent. for the country; the East North Central states, about one-fourth; and the New England states, somewhat over one-eighth. These three divisions together con- tributed 72.6 per cent of the total value of manufac- tured products in 1909; they showed, however, some- what lower percentages of increase during the past decade than the other divisions, in which manufactur- ing is of more recent development. ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES 44 G VALUE OF PEODUCTS OF MANUFACTUKES, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1899. MILUONS OF DOLLARS NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA ILLINOIS MASSACHUSETTS OHIO NEW JERSEY MICHIGAN WISCONSIN INDIANA MISSOURI CALIFORNIA CONNECTICUT MINNESOTA KANSAS MARYLAND RHODE ISLAND TEXAS IOWA LOUISIANA KENTUCKY WASHINGTON VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA GEORGIA NEBRASKA TENNESSEE MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE WEST VIRGINIA ALABAMA COLORADO SOUTH CAROLINA OREGON MISSISSIPPI ARKANSAS MONTANA FLORIDA VERMONT UTAH OKLAHOMA DELAWARE ARIZONA OIST. OF COLUMBIA IDAHO NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH DAKOTA NEVADA NEW MEXICO WYOMING 0 400 000 1200 )600 2000 2400 2000 S200 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 447 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1899. NEW YORK PENNSYLVANIA MASSACHUSETTS ILLINOIS OHIO NEW JERSEY MICHIGAN CONNECTICUT INDIANA WISCONSIN MISSOURI NORTH CAROLINA CALIFORNIA RHODE ISLAND MARYLAND VIRGINIA GEORGIA MINNESOTA MAINE NEW HAMPSHIRE LOUISIANA TENNESSEE SOUTH CAROLINA ALABAMA TEXAS WASHINGTON KENTUCKY WEST VIRGINIA IOWA FLORIDA MISSISSIPPI ARKANSAS KANSAS VERMONT OREGON COLORADO NEBRASKA DELAWARE OKLAHOMA UTAH MONTANA IDAHO DIST. OF COLUMBIA ARIZONA NEW MEXICO SOUTH DAKOTA WYOMING NORTH DAKOTA 0 NUMBER > 120000 240000 ^ 860000 480000 600000 720000 640000 060000 f f NEVADA 448 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Tabic 6 mv isioN. I’opula- tion. Nuiubor. of estah- lish- ments. 1 WAGK EARNKUS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OP INCREASE. Average number. a 03 Per cent dL tribu- tion. Amount (expressed in thou- sands). a C3 Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Amount (expressed in thou- sands). M a d X Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Wage earners (average number). Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. 19(M- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 United States 91,972,266 268,491 6,616,046 100.0 $20,672,062 100.0 $8,629,261 100.0 21.0 16.0 39.7 29.7 36.6 30.3 Middle .Vtlantie 19,315,892 81,315 2,207,747 1 33.4 7, 141,761 1 34,5 2, 982, 263 1 35.0 17.0 17.6 36.9 28.1 ,32.2 28.0 ICaiit North Central 18,250,621 60, 013 1,513.764 2 22.9 5,211,702 2 25.2 2, 177, 230 2 25.5 23.6 14.1 44.6 26.4 39.6 29.4 Now England G, 552, 081 25,351 1, 101,290 3 16.6 2,670,065 3 12.9 1,193.768 3 14.0 17. 1 10.4 31.8 22.0 31.2 20.3 West North Central 11.637,921 27, 171 374,337 5 5.7 1, 803, 899 4 8.7 562,044 5 6.6 19.8 17.4 40.4 32.0 33.0 29.8 South Atlantic 12, 194, 895 28, 088 603, 015 4 10.0 1,381, 186 5 6.7 591, 181 4 6.9 26.9 14.0 41.8 30.8 39.5 34.1 Pacific 4, 192,304 13,579 213, 160 7 3.2 843, 512 6 4. 1 349, 834 6 4.1 29.9 33.2 52.9 51.2 46.3 69.7 East South Central 8, 409,901 15,381 261,772 0 4.0 630, 488 7 3.0 294,325 7 3.4 18.3 24.8 35.8 42.8 38.7 42.8 West South Central 8,784, 534 12,339 204, 520 8 3. 1 625, 443 8 3.0 243,312 8 2.9 42.6 26.5 50.6 i'A. 6 44. 5 70.4 Mountain 2,633,517 5,254 75, 435 9 1. 1 363, 990 9 1.8 135,304 9 1.6 42.9 18.0 42.9 32.8 32.8 33.6 Summary for 50 leading cities: 1909 . — Table 7 {)iesents, for the 50 cities which stand highest in value of manufactured products, arranged in order of rank, data similar to those presented for the geographic divisions in Table 6. It should be particularly noted in considering this table that the figures relate only to the manufacturing establishments situated actually within the boundaries of the several cities. In the case of practically every city listed there are important manufacturing establishments in the immediate vicinity, and in the case of several of the cities such outside establishments, which virtu- ally constitute a part of the city’s industrial in- terests, have a greater value of products than those within the city itself. The most notable instances of this character are Pittsburgh and Boston, which would rank decidedly higher in a table based on metropolitan or industrial districts than they do in the table for cities proper. While the popula- tion of Pittsburgh proper is 533,905, the population of the metropolitan district of Pittsburgh, as defined by the Census Bureau, is 1,042,855. Similarly, the population of the Boston metropolitan district is 1,520,470, as compared with 670,585 for the city proper. Further details regarding the manufactures of the 25 leading cities are given in Table 112. The rank of the cities of the country with respect to manufactures is in many cases decidedly thfferent from their rank in population. Thus Boston ranks fifth in population, but eighth in value of manufac- tured products; Baltimore, seventh in population, but thirteenth in value of manufactured products; and Ix)S Angeles, sixteenth in population, but thirty- second in value of products. Kansas City, Kans., on the other hand, by reason of the large slaughtering establishments there, ranks fifteenth in value of manu- factured products, but is not among the .50 princii)al cities from the standpoint of population. Of the 50 cities in the United States which have over 100,000 inhabitants, 14 are not included among the 50 cities liaving the largest value of manufactures. In the case of some of the cities listed in the table, the rank with respect to the number of wage earners and the value added by manufacture is very different from that with respect to the gross value of products, these differences being dependent upon the character of the predominating industries. It is noteworthy, however, that the 13 cities which rank highest in gross value of products are also the 13 which occupy the lughest rank with respect to wage earners and value added by manufacture, although considered individu- ally these cities do not in all cases hold the same rank in each of the three respects. Conspicuous instances of cities having higher rank in gross value of products than in number of wage earners or value added by manufacture are Kansas City, Kans., South Omaha, Youngstown, Bayonne, and Perth Amboy. On the other hand, cities which lead in the manufacture of textiles, such as Lawi’ence, Fall River, Lowell, New Bedford, and Paterson, have a decidedly higher rank with respect to number of wage earners than with respect to either value of products or value added by manufacture. For every city listed in the table a greater gross value of products and, with the exception of Omaha, a greater value added by manufacture were reported in 1909 than in 1899. Only two cities — San Francisco and New Orleans — showed a loss in gross value in 1909 as compared with 1904, and only San Francisco a loss in value added by manufacture. Between 1899 and 1904, however, decreases in gross value of manu- factures occurred in four cities. In number of wage earners, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, South Omaha, and Peoria showed a decline in 1909 as compared with 1899; several other cities showed decreases fi’om 1899 ] to 1904, but these were more than made up during the second half of the decade. It may be noted that the statistics for the Pittsburgh industrial district, which is more comprehensive than the city, would show de- cided gains and that the decrease in the manufacturing industries in San Francisco is the natural result of the gi’eat earth(|uake and lire. Of the cities reporting products of $200,000,000 or more, Deti’oit showed the greatest percentage 449 STATES, (TTIES, AND INDUSTRIES. of increase in all of the items under consideration and Cleveland the next greatest, with the exception of the number of wage earners, in which it was exceeded by Milwaukee. Among the smaller manufacturing cities included in the table, those showing conspicuous increases are Akron, Perth Amboy, Los Angeles, and Seattle. In the case of most of the cities higher rates of in- crease in all three items are shown for the period 1904 to 1909 than for the period 1899 to 1904. Table 7 CITT. Population. Number of estab- lish- ments. WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OF INCREASE.' Average number. a a Amount (e.\pres.sed in thou- sands). i a P5 Amount (expres-sed in thou- sands). a a « Wage earners (average number). Value of products. Value added by manufacture. 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1904- 1909 1899- 1904 1!M44- 1909 1899- 1901 New York, N. Y i, 766, 883 25, 938 554, 002 1 $2, 029, 693 1 $937,5.38 1 19.2 19.6 33.0 30.2 32.3 31.5 Chicago, HI Philadelphia, Pa 2, 185, 283 9.656 293,977 2 1,281,171 2 487, 701 2 21.5 9.4 34. 1 19.7 33.6 23.5 1,549,008 8,379 251,884 3 746, 076 3 316,984 3 10.0 6.6 26.2 13.7 22.8 14.8 St. Louis, Mo 687, 029 2, f>67 87,371 4 328, 495 4 140,306 4 5.6 27.6 22.9 38.0 8.3 41.0 Cleveland, Ohio 560,663 2, 148 84,728 '5 271,961 5 117,046 6 32.3 15.7 58.2 23.4 57. 4 18.2 Detroit, Mich 465,766 2,036 81,011 6 252, 992 6 122, 774 5 67.1 26.3 97.3 45. 1 99.1 49.1 Pittsburgh, Pa Boston, Mass 533,905 1,659 67, 474 9 243, 454 7 94, 927 8 -5.8 -0.2 15.2 -.3.2 9.5 -3.4 670,585 3, 155 69,637 8 237, 457 8 112,88a 7 17.7 11.9 28.8 13.3 25.8 11.5 Buffalo, N. Y 423,715 1,753 51,412 13 218, 804 9 82,266 12 18.0 27.1 48.5 39.5 39.4 48.7 Milwaukee, Wis 373,857 1,764 59,502 12 208,324 10 87,703 10 37.2 5.2 61.0 24.5 31.1 30.8 Newark, N. J 347, 469 1,858 59,955 11 202,511 11 87,832 11 18.3 18.2 35.0 33.1 26.6 .33.5 Cincinnati, Ohio 363,591 2, 184 60,192 10 194,516 12 92,584 9 2.7 6.6 17.1 17.2 11.8 17.8 Baltimore, Md 558, 485 2,502 71,444 7 186,978 13 79, 954 13 9.8 -2.3 24.5 11.1 14.9 16.2 Minneapolis, Minn 301, 408 1, 102 26,962 25 165, 405 14 45,412 18 24.4 10.5 36.5 28.3 40.7 26.6 Kansas City, Kans 82,331 165 12, 294 42 164,081 15 19, 091 44 16.8 11.0 70.1 20.6 56.4 12.9 San Francisco, Cal 416,912 1, 796 28, 244 21 133,041 16 56, 824 15 -26.5 18.0 -3.4 28.7 -8.1 49.1 Jersey City, N. J 267, 779 745 25, 454 28 128, 775 17 39,458 21 25. 1 17.0 70.0 3.9 46.5 18.9 Indianapolis,^d 233,650 855 31,815 19 126, 522 18 42,371 20 19.0 27.4 53.9 38.6 39. 1 44.8 Providence, K. I 224, 326 1,080 46,381 14 120,241 19 55, 471 16 16.5 3.7 30.7 16.9 32.0 16.3 Rochester, N. Y 218, 149 1,203 39, 108 15 112,676 20 62,002 14 23. 1 13.3 38.9 35.9 43.6 37.4 Louisville, Ky 223,928 903 27,023 24 101, 284 21 47, 156 17 8.2 8.3 21.7 25.9 25.7 20.1 South Omaha, Nebr 26, 259 71 6,306 48 92, 436 22 14, 763 48 11.4 -10.5 37.1 -3.0 79.6 -.3.2 Youngstown, Ohio Lawrence, Mass 79,066 115 10, 498 45 81,271 23 18,979 45 29.7 -6.7 73.5 38.2 62.6 8.3 85,892 162 30, 542 20 79, 993 24 34, 555 23 39.4 4.8 66.5 15.1 85.6 10.2 New Orleans, La 339, 075 848 17, 186 37 78, 794 25 30, 062 28 -1.6 7.9 -3.2 41.7 33.1 32.4 Worcester, Mass Bayonne, N. J 145, 986 580 28,221 22 77, 148 26 34, 547 25 23.8 0.9 47.9 11.4 37.5 7.8 55,545 97 7,519 47 73,641 27 14,709 49 6.5 51.1 21.5 57.1 7.8 184.0 Akron, Ohio Perth Amboy, N. J 69, 067 246 15,831 39 73, 158 28 30,087 27 64.5 16.6 118.0 52.4 128.8 41.4 32, 121 80 5,866 50 73,093 29 9, 161 50 48.5 97.0 110.0 147.5 104.3 65.2 Lynn, Mass 89,336 431 27,368 23 71,503 30 30, 142 26 27.1 31.5 30.0 39.8 34.6 50.5 Paterson, N. J 125,600 702 32,004 18 69, 584 31 34,856 22 12.3 -0.1 27.3 12.7 28.0 16.1 Los Angeles, Cal 319, 198 1,325 17,327 36 68, 586 32 29,673 29 66.2 101.5 97.0 130.0 84.0 128.9 Bridgeport, Conn Fall River, Mass 102, 054 367 25,775 27 65,609 33 27,662 32 32.2 14.4 47.2 32.9 24.3 36.9 119,295 288 37, 139 16 64, 146 34 28, 622 31 38.4 -12.4 47.6 11.2 64.7 -17.4 Peoria, 111 66,950 283 5,981 49 63,061 35 45,288 19 2.5 -2.7 4.4 35.6 1.6 41.2 Toledo, Ohio 168, 497 760 18. 878 34 61,230 36 27. 146 35 20.3 23.1 37.6 39.2 42.6 51.3 Omaha, Nebr 124,096 432 8,023 46 60,854 37 17,439 46 37.8 10.3 12.7 41.8 57.0 -38.8 Dayton, Ohio 116,577 513 21,549 31 60,378 38 32,850 24 26.1 18.6 52.5 27.7 55.7 26.4 Lowell, Mass 106,294 320 32, 575 17 60,271 39 27, 440 34 11.2 0.2 28.6 13.8 37.4 -4.6 Yonkers, N. Y 79,803 158 12,711 41 59, 334 40 16, 132 47 30.0 29.4 76.9 93.9 57.9 31.7 St. Paul, Minn 214, 744 719 19,339 33 58,990 41 28,090 30 34.6 10.3 53.9 27.5 52.4 33.1 Kansas City, Mo 248,381 902 14, 043 40 54, 704 42 23, 742 38 32.6 13.8 53.8 50.8 47.9 45.1 New Bedford, Mass 96,652 207 26. 566 26 53,238 43 24, 674 37 48.8 17.0 80.7 26.0 84.4 15.2 Denver, Colo 213.381 766 12,058 43 51,538 44 20,611 43 24.7 13.8 40.6 -3.3 31.6 16.6 Reading, Pa 96, 071 482 24, 145 29 51, 135 45 21, 287 42 33.7 6.9 67.7 -6.7 54.5 -12.1 New Haven, Conn 133,605 590 23.547 30 51,071 46 26, 752 36 9.8 21.8 28.8 13.7 26.5 12.7 Seattle, Wash 237, 194 751 11,331 44 50,569 47 21,884 39 77.3 43.9 99.0 65.8 98. 1 71.0 Waterburv, Conn Syracuse, N. Y 73, 141 169 20. 170 32 50, 350 48 21,624 41 30.9 16.5 55.6 6.7 48. 1 20.4 137, 249 738 18, 148 35 49, 435 49 27, 659 33 24.7 23.2 42.5 30.7 48.7 32.9 Camden, N. J 94, 538 365 16,527 38 49, 138 50 21, 754 40 30.5 63.5 46.3 86.9 65.3 74.9 ‘ Per cent of Increase is based on figures in Table 113. A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Distribution according to size of conununities. — It is a matter of interest to know the extent to wliich the manufacturing enterprises of the country are located in the larger cities as compared with the smaller cities and rural «districts. Some indication of this is given in Table 8, on page 451, which distributes the total number of establishments, average number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture reported in 1909 and 1899 by classes of places, the classes distinguished being cities of 100,000 inhabitants or over, cities of 25,000 to 100,000 inliabit- ants, cities of 10,000 to 25,000 inliabitants, and the remainder of the country, the latter including the 72497°— 13 29 smaller cities, towns, and other incorporated places and the rural districts. The aggregate population of each group in 1910 and 1900 is also given. Statistics for 1904 are not given because there was no Federal census of population for that year, and it is impos- sible to determine with accuracy what cities belonged to each group. In considering tliis table it should be noted that each place is classed at each census according to its popula- tion at that census, so that the same community may be in one class in 1900 and in another class in 1910; and consequently the change in the totals for any given class of communities from 1899 to 1909 should not be 450 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1909. CITIES HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS CLEVELAND DETROIT PITTSBURG BOSTON BUFFALO MILWAUKEE NEWARK CINCINNATI BALTIMORE MINNEAPOLIS KANSAS CITY. KANS, SAN FRANCISCO JERSEY CITY INDIANAPOLIS PROVIDENCE ROCHESTER LOUISVILLE SOUTH OMAHA YOUNGSTOWN LAWRENCE NEW ORLEANS WORCESTER BAYONNE AKRON PERTH AMBOY LYNN PATERSON LOS ANGELES BRIDGEPORT FALL RIVER PEORIA TOLEDO OMAHA DAYTON LOWELL YONKERS 6T. PAUL KANSAS CITY, MO. NEW BEDFORD DENVER READING NEW HAVEN SEATTLE WATERBURV 0 260 600 760 lOOO 1260 1600 ITQO 2000 451 STATES, crni^:s, and industhies. taken as ineaaui’ing the increase in mannfacturino; business in the same communities. The significant figures are the percentages of the totals reported by eacli class of j)laces at the two censuses. It should be noted further that the statistics of manufactures shown for any given community are those reported from establishments lying strictly within the municipal boundaries. Since in many cases large manufacturing establishments are located just outside of city bound- aries, the pro[)ortion of the manufacturing business of the country as a whole which, in a sense, can be |)ropcrly credited to places of 10,000 or more inhabitants is somewhat greater than can be shown by the statistics in this table. Tablo 8 Year. Aggregate. CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVER. DISTRICTS OUTSIDE OF CITIES AND TOWNS HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVER. Total, 10,000 to 25,000. 25,000 to 100,000. 100,000 and over. Number or amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number or amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number or amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number or amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number or amount. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. 1910 593 365 178 50 1900 436 277 122 37 Population 1910 91,972,266 34,002,692 37.0 5,495,594 6.0 8,204,960 8.9 20,302,138 22.1 57,969,574 63.0 1900 75,994,675 24,052,670 31.7 4,297,118 5.7 5,547,205 7.3 14,208,347 18.7 51,941,905 68.3 Number of establishments 1909 268,491 135,772 50.6 18,936 7.1 27,061 10.1 89,775 33.4 132,719 49.4 1899 207,514 102,918 49.6 15,463 7.5 20, 147 9.7 67,308 32.4 104,596 50.4 Average number of wage earn- 1909 6,615,046 4,316,642 65.3 678,467 10.3 1,126,253 17.0 1 2,511,922 38.0 2,298,404 34.7 ers. 1899 4,712,763 3,044,439 64.6 524,900 11.1 767,293 16.3 1,752,246 37.2 1,668,324 35.4 Value of products 1909 $20,672,051,870 $14,264,878,807 69.0 $1,946,703,215 9.4 $3,582,403,574 17.3 $8,735,772,018 42.3 $6,407,173,063 31.0 1899 11,406,926,701 7,864,564,177 68.9 1,052,639,594 9.2 1,843,124,795 16.1 4,968,799,788 43.6 3,542,362,524 31.1 Value added by manufacture. . 1909 8,529,260,992 6,003,005,285 70.4 801,766,297 9.4 1,431,652,146 16.8 3,760,586,842 44.2 2,526,255,707 29.6 1899 4,831,075,210 3,377,477,927 69.9 458,679,363 9.5 773,117,708 16.0 2,145,680,856 44.4 1,453,597,283 30.1 In 1909 places of more than 10,000 inhabitants, although they included only 37 per cent of the total population of the country, contained a little over one- half of the total number of manufacturing establish- ments in the country. These establishments employed nearly two-thirds of the wage earners employed in manufactures (65.3 per cent), and reported more than two-thirds of the total value of products and of the value added by manufacture, the actual percentages being 69 and 70.4, respectively. It is noteworthy, however, that, whereas commu- nities of this size contained a materially larger pro- portion of the population of the country in 1910 than they did in 1900—37 per cent as against 31.7 per cent — there was only a very slight increase in their pro- portion of the total number of manufacturing establish- ments and of wage earners, and of the total value added by manufacture, and practically no change in their proportion of the total value of products. In other words, while these communities, considered as a group, have perhaps a little more than held their own in relative importance in manufacturing industry, they have not gained in tliis respect commensurately with their gain in population. The foregoing state- ment regarding this group as a whole holds true like- wise for the class of cities having from 25,000 to 100,000 inhabitants and for the class having 100,000 or more inhabitants, except that for the latter group there was a slight decrease in the proportion of the value of products and value added by manufacture. On the other hand, the class of communities having from 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants reported a slight in- crease m its proportion of the total population in 1910 as compared with 1900, and a slightly larger proportion of the total value of products in 1909 than in 1899, although in respect to number of estab- lishments, average number of wage earners, and value added by manufacture, the proportion for such com- munities was slightly lower in the later year than in the earlier. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. Definitions and explanations. — Attention is called to certain differences between the census of 1909 and previous censuses in respect to the manner of collect- ing and presenting statistics of persons engaged in manufacturing industries. At the censuses of 1899, 1904, and 1909 the follow- ing general classes of persons engaged in manufac- turing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks, and (5) wage earners. In the reports for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown accordmg to the tln-ee main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm mem- bers, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. The second group included the tln-ee classes of salaried officers of corporations, superintendents and managers, and clerks. In certahi tables relating ex- clusively to the present census a somewhat different grouping is employed — that into (1) proprietors and officials, (2) clerks, and (3) wage earners. The first 1 5 ‘2 AHSTHACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. group includes ])r()priet.ors and firm members, salaried ollicers of corporations, and superintendents and managers. In comj)arative tables covering the cen- suses of 1899 and 1904 it is of course necessaiy to group the figures for 1909 according to the same classification that was employed in the earlier censuses. At tliis census the number of persons engaged in the industries, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for December 15, or the nearest repre- sentative day. d’he 15th of December was selected as rejiresenting for most industries normal conditions of employment, but where conditions were exceptional, and particularly in the case of certain seasonal indus- tries, such as canning, the December date could not be accepted as typical and an earlier date had to be chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported on December 15 or other repre- sentative day has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not vary much from month to month in a given industry. In the case of wage earners the average is obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on December 15 or other representative day, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported each month by 12. The average thus ob- tained represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were constantly employed during the entire year. Accord- ingly, the importance of any industry as an employer of labor is befieved to be more accurately measured by tliis average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. The number of wage earners reported for the i-epre- sentative day, though given in certain tables for each separate industiy, is not totaled for all industries com- bined, because in view of the variations of date such a total is believed not to be significant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different industries at different times, would not rep- resent the total number employed in all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal industries as compared with industries in continual operation. In particular, totals by sex and age for the wage earners reported for the re])resentative day for all industries combined would be misleading because of the undue weight given to seasonal industries, in some of which, such as canning and ])reserving, the distribu- tion of tlie wage earners by sex and age is materially different from that in most industries of more regular operation. In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and ago distribution of the average number of wage earners for a given state as a whole, the per cent distribution by sex and age of the wage earners in each industry for December 15 or the nearest representa- tive day has been calculated from the actual numbers reported for that date. The percentages thus ob- tained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the 3’ear in that industr^q to determine the average number of men, women, and children employed. These calculated averages for the several industries have been added up to give the average distribution for each state as a whole and for the entire country. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule called for the aver- age number of wage earners of each sex 16 years and over, and the average number under 16 years of age without distinction of sex, for each month, and these montldy statements were combined in an annual average. Comparatively few manufacturing concerns, however, keep their books in such way as to show readily the number of men, women, and children em- ployed on the average each month. These monthly returns by sex and age were, in fact, largelj' estimates. It was believed that a more accurate and rehable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual numbers employed on a single day. Summary for United States: 1909 . — The following table shows, for 1909, the distribution of the persons engaged in manufacturing, each class being distributed by sex, and the average number of wage earners b}' age also: Table 9 CLASS. All classes Proprietors and officials I’roprietors and firm members. Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks Wage earners (average number) . . . 16 years of age and over Under 16 years of age The average number of jiei-sons engaged in manufac- turing industries during 1909 was 7,078,578. Of these, 6,615,046, or 86.1 per cent, were wage earners; 487,173, or 6.3 per cent, projirictom and officials; and 576,359, or 7.5 per cent, clerks. Of the wage earners, 5,163,164 were males 10 years of ago and over; 1,290,389 females 10 years of age and over; and 101,493 children under the age of 10. Statistics of employees for the last three censuses are given for individual industries in Table 110, and for each state and geographic division in Table 111. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. Total. Male. Female, 7,678,678 6,162,263 1,516,316 487, 173 472,914 14,259 273,265 263,673 9,592 80, 735 78,937 l,7a8 133,173 130,304 2,869 576,359 437,056 139,303 6,615,046 5,252,293 1,302,753 6,453,553 5,1153,104 1,290, ,389 161,493 89, 129 72,304 453 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Occupational status by leading industries: 1909. — The following table shows for the 43 leading industries the number of proprietors, oflicers of corporations, superintendents and managers, clerks, and wage earners. respectively, and the percentage which the persons in- cluded in each of the principal groups represent of the total number employed. The figures for wage earners represent the average number for the year. Table 10 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. Proprietors and officials. Per cent of total. INDUSTRY, Total number. Total. Proprie- tors and firm members. Salaried officials of corpo- rations. Superin- tendents and managers. Clerks. Wage earners (average Dumber). Proprie- tors and official.s. Clerks. Wage earners (average num- ber). All industries 7 , 678,678 487,173 273,265 80,735 133,173 676,369 6 , 616,046 6.3 7.5 86.1 Agricultural implements 60,229 2,489 465 569 1,455 7,189 50,551 4.1 11.9 83.9 Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 85,359 2,564 405 758 1.401 7,074 75, 721 3.0 8.3 88.7 215,923 5,752 1,838 1,027 2,887 11,874 198,297 2.7 5.5 91.8 Brass and bronze products 45,441 2,160 828 584 748 2,663 40,618 4.8 5.9 89.4 Bread and other bakery products 144,322 29, 136 26,982 801 1,353 14,970 100,216 20.2 10.4 69.4 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 31,506 10,480 8,019 1,032 1,429 2,595 18,431 33.3 8.2 58.5 Canning and preserving 71,972 6,920 4,244 6,213 968 1,708 5,084 59,968 9.6 7.1 83.3 Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- 82,944 8,844 1,166 1,465 4,172 69, 928 10.7 5.0 84.3 railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad com- 301,273 6,974 2 1,877 5,095 12,125 282,174 2.3 4.0 93.7 paiiies 47,094 1,041 7 241 793 2,967 43,086 2.2 6.3 91.5 Chemicals 27,791 1,086 154 367 505 2,991 23,714 3.9 10.8 85.3 Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s 271,437 12,041 8,502 1,089 2,450 19,700 239, 696 4.4 7.3 88.3 179,021 9,281 6,482 842 1,957 15,997 153,743 5.2 8.9 85.9 Confectionery 54,854 3,362 1,832 766 764 6,854 44,638 6.1 12.5 81.4 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 86,934 7,269 4,423 1,288 1,558 6,050 73,615 8.4 7.0 84.7 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 387,771 4,461 377 1,726 2,358 4,430 378.880 1.2 1.1 97.7 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products 105,600 4,121 439 997 2,685 14,223 87,256 3.9 13.5 82. S 60,054 18,763 14,570 1,486 2,707 7,838 39, 453 28.4 11.9 .59.7 615,485 31,605 9,851 9,348 12,406 52,869 531,011 5.1 8.6 86.3 Furniture and refrigerators 144,140 7,281 2,657 2,170 2, 454 8,407 128,452 5.1 5.8 89.1 Gas, illuminating and heating 51,007 ^986 277 990 1,719 10,806 37,215 5.9 21.2 73.0 Hosiery and knit goods 136, 130 ^308 1,134 799 1,375 3,547 129,275 2.4 2.6 95.0 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 43,061 1,119 48 262 809 3,513 38,429 2.6 8.2 89.2 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 260,762 4,286 47 779 3, 460 16,400 240,076 1.6 6.3 92.1 Leather goods 43,525 4,209 2,552 760 897 4,409 34,907 9.7 10.1 80.2 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 67,100 2,331 784 629 918 2,567 62,202 3.5 3.8 92.7 Liquors, distilled 8,328 1,111 563 217 331 787 6,430 13.3 9.4 77.2 Liquors, malt 66,725 4,362 639 1,819 1,904 7,784 54,579 6.5 11.7 81.8 Lumber and timber products 784,989 68,165 48,825 6,616 12,724 21,805 695,019 8.7 2.8 88.5 Marble and stone work 77,275 8,453 6,026 867 1,560 3,219 65,603 10.9 4.2 84.9 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 21,273 2,167 no 576 1,481 2,035 17,071 10.2 9.6 80.2 Paint and varnish 21,896 2,016 456 793 767 5,640 14,240 9.2 25.8 65.0 Paper and wood pulp 81,473 2,298 250 773 1.275 3,197 75,978 2.8 3.9 93.3 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations. 41,101 5,647 2,802 1,427 1,418 12,5.59 22, 895 13.7 30.6 55.7 Petroleum, refining 16,640 671 42 211 418 2,040 13, 929 4.0 12.3 83.7 Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 388,466 49,332 30,424 7,265 11,643 80,700 258.434 12.7 20.8 66.5 105,238 2,236 664 480 1,092 3,965 99,037 2.1 3.8 94.1 Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper 108,716 3,514 1,659 731 1,124 15,474 89,728 3.2 14.2 82.5 16,832 275 7 53 215 929 15,628 1.6 5.5 92.8 Smelting and refining, lead 8,059 132 44 88 503 7,424 1.6 6.2 92.1 Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar 15,658 789 204 140 445 1,343 13,526 5.0 8.6 86.4 Tobacco manufactures 197,637 21,012 17,634 809 2,569 9,815 166,810 10.6 5.0 84.4 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 175,176 3,192 732 782 1,678 3,262 168,722 1.8 1.9 96.3 All other industries 1,916,361 117,932 59,096 23,811 35,025 149,988 1,648,441 6.2 7.8 80.0 The highest proportion of proprietors and officials shown for any individual industry covered by the table, 33.3 per cent, is for the butter, cheese, and con- densed-milk industry. Many of the establishments in this industry are carried on by cooperative asso- ciations, and the practice in 1909, as at prior censuses, was not to include the members of such associations as proprietors in the totals, but to omit them al- together. From the information contained in the reports, it is impossible, in some instances, to distin- guish such associations from partnerships, and the large number of proprietors and officials shown for this industry indicates the probability that the mem- bers of some associations were inadvertently included as partners. The high percentage of proprietors and officials in the flour-mill and gristmill and tlie bakery industi'ies is explained by the fact that the majority of the establishments are small and the work is to a large extent done by the proprietors or their imme- diate representatives, while in the large flour mills automatic machinery has reduced the amount of labor to a minimum. A factor wliich has much to do with the proportion of clerks among the total number of employees in an industry is the method of marketing tlie product. Thus there are high percentages of clerks in the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations, and in the paint and varnish, ihuminating-gas, and printing and publish- ing industries. In these industries the average num- 454 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. her of customers or patrons for each establishment is large and this necessitates a large force of em- . ployees for soliciting trade, correspondence, account- ing, and collection. In general, though not in all cases, the larger the average size of establislunents in an industiy, the smaller is the proportion of proprietors, officials, and clerks, and the larger tlie proportion of wage earners. Tlius tlie four textile industries — the cotton, woolen, hosiery and knit-goods, and silk-manufacturing in- dustries — which are mainly conducted in large fac- tories, show the largest pi-oportions of wage earners. An unusually large proportion of wage earners is shown also for the paper and pulp mills, the steel works and rolling mills, the construction of steam- railroad cars, the smelting and refining of copper and lead, the tanning and finisliing of leather, boots and shoes, and the repair shops of steam railroads. Comparison with previous censuses as to occupational status. — In order to compare the distribution of per- sons engaged in manufacturing industries according to occupational status in 1909 with that shown at the census of 1904, it is necessary to use the classification employed at the earher census. (See p. 451.) Such a comparison is made in the following table. Com- parable figures for 1899 are not available. Table 11 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. 1909 1904 Per CLASS. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. cent of in- crease, 1904- 1909. Total 7,678,578 . 100.0 6,213,612 100.0 23.6 273,265 790, 2G7 3.0 225,673 519,556 3.6 21. 1 10.3 8.4 52. 1 Wage earners (average number) 6,615,046 86.1 5,468,383 88.0 21.0 A greater percentage of increase is shown for salaried employees than for the other two classes. This is due in part to the changes from individual and firm ownership to corporate organization, a change which frequently involves the transfer of proprietors and firm members to the class of officials. At the same time there is no doubt that the number of clerks here classified with the other salaried employees has in- creased relatively faster than the number of wage earners. This may indicate an increase of tlie practice on the part of the manufacturers of direct sale of goods without the interjiosition of so many middlemen as formerly handled the ])roduct. Sex and age distribution, by leading industries: 1909. — Table 12, on the opposite page, shows, for the 43 lead- ing industries, the number and per cent distribution, by age and sex, of wage earners as reported for December 15, or the neai-est representative day. As a means of judging the true importance of the several industries as employers of labor, the average number employed for the entire year is also given in each case, this num- ber, in the case of seasonal industries, being much smaller than the number on the representative day. The per cent distribution for all industries combined, based on the average number employed as shown in Table 9, is also presented. In all industries combined 78 per cent of the average number of wage earners were males 16 years of age or over, 19.5 per cent females 16 years of age or over, and 2.5 per cent children under the age of 16. The industries for which the largest proportions of males 16 years of age or over are shown are those in which the work is of a nature requiring much physical strength or a high degree of skill. Thus in the smelting and refining of both copper and lead males 16 years of age or over constitute 99.9 per cent of the total number of wage earners, and in the blast furnaces they constitute 99.8 per cent. Other industries in which males of 16 years or over represent more than 99 per cent of the wage earners are the gas industry, construction of steam-railroad cars, steel works and rolling mills, marble and stone work, the repair shops of steam railroads, and the manufacture of cotton- seed oil. The proportion of women and children, naturally, is larger in those industries in which the processes require dexterity rather than strength. In six of the industries covered by Table 12 — the making of men’s and women’s clothing, the confectionery industry, and the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods, of patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations, and of silk and silk goods — more than half of the wage earners are females 16 years of age or over. The proportion of wage earners under 16 years is larger in three of the textile industries — the cotton goods, silk and silk goods, and hosiery and knit-goods industries — than in any other of the jirincipal industries of the country. The proportion is also relatively high in the canning and jireserving, confectionery, and woolen-goods industries. STATPJS, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 455 Table 12 WAGE EARNERS. INDUSTET. Average number. Number Doc. 15, or nearest representative day. Per cent of total. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age an No totals given for reasons explained on page 452. In addition to the industries shown in the above table, which were selected according to their importance with respect to gross value of products, certain others are of interest because of the relatively large number of women and children employed. Table 13, on the following page, shows the sex and age distribution of wage earners in all industries not covered by the preceding table in which there were at least 5,000 women, or in which the women constituted over 40 per cent of the wage earners and numbered not less than 500. The table shows that there are a large number of industries, some of considerable importance, in which women 16 years of age or over represent more than 40 per cent of the total number of wage earners. In the manufacture of corsets, of artificial flowers, feathers, and plumes, and of steel pens, more than 80 per cent * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. of the wage earners are women. Other industries in which female wage earners 16 years of age or over constitute over three-fourths of the total number employed are the manufacture of men’s furnishing goods and of millinery and lace goods, and the grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling of peanuts. Large numbers of women are also- employed in several indus- tries listed in this table in which, however, the propor- tion which these represent of the total number of wage earners is less than 40 per cent. Of the industries shown in Table 13, those in which the proportion of children under 16 years of age ex- ceeds 5 per cent are the manufacture of bags, other than paper; cigar boxes; fancy and paper boxes; horse clothing; cordage and twine; needles, pins, and hooks and eyes; lead pencils; stationery goods, not elsewhere specified; and the cork-cutting industry. 450 y\B8T]lACT OF THl^: CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Table 13 wage earners. INDUSTRY. .\verage number. Number Deo. 15, or nearest representative day. Per cent of total. Total 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years and over. Under 16 years of age. Male Female. Male. Female. ArUficial flowers and featlier.s and plumes 10,016 10, 769 1,416 9,017 336 13.1 83.7 3.1 Awnings, tents, and sails 4,242 4,043 2,264 1, 715 64 56.0 42.4 1.6 Bags, other than paper 7, 968 8,437 2,870 4, 794 773 34.0 56.8 9.2 Jiags, paper 3,212 3,299 1,680 1,561 58 50.9 47.3 1.8 Baking powders and yeast 2,155 2, 273 1,199 1,020 54 52.7 44.9 2.4 Boots and shoes, rubber 17,612 18,528 10,995 7,060 473 59.3 38.1 2.6 Boxes, cigar Ii()xe.s, fancy and paper 6,115 6, 554 2,914 3,260 380 44.5 49.7 6.8 39,514 43. 239 14, 198 25,961 3,080 32.8 60.0 7.1 Bntton.s 16, 427 17,873 10. 721 6,530 622 60.0 36.5 3.6 Carpets and rugs, other than rag 33,307 34, 874 19, 001 13,859 1,414 56.2 39.7 4.1 Clock.s and watches, including cases and mai-erials 23,857 25,574 15, 775 9,262 537 61.7 36.2 2.1 t'lothing, horse 1,648 1,789 580 1,047 162 32.4 58.5 9.1 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods 25,820 26, 941 13,019 12,083 1,839 48.3 44.8 6.8 Cork, cutting 3,142 3,2.39 1,756 1,310 173 54.2 40.4 5.3 Corsets 17,564 IS, 152 2,291 15,234 627 12.6 83.9 3.5 Dyeing and finishing textiles 44, 046 45,841 36, 486 8,269 1,086 79.6 18.0 2.4 Fireworks 1.403 1,380 756 564 60 54.8 40.9 4.3 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 3,572 3,552 1,267 2,192 93 35.7 61.7 2.6 Flavoring extracts 1,229 1,270 722 522 26 56.8 41.1 2.0 Food preparations 14,968 17, 786 12, 070 5,449 267 67.9 30.6 1.5 Fur goods 11,927 14, 450 8,539 5,853 58 59.1 40.5 0.4 Furnishing goods, men’s 38, 482 41,970 9, 153 31,926 891 21.8 76.1 2.1 Gloves and mittens, leather 11,354 12, 188 5,202 6,697 289 42.7 54 9 2.4 Gold and silver, leaf and foil 1,383 1,417 612 756 49 43.2 53.4 3.5 Hair work 3,534 3,885 1,338 2,464 83 34.4 63.4 2.1 Hats, fur-felt 25,064 30,292 21, 182 8,468 642 69.9 28.0 2.1 Hats, straw House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified 8,814 10,328 3,512 6,641 175 34.0 64.3 1.7 4,907 5,371 2,713 2,570 88 50.5 47.8 1.6 .Jewelry 30,347 33,914 23,336 9.645 933 68.8 28.4 2.8 Jewelry and instrument cases 2,070 2,343 1,045 1,239 59 44.6 52.9 2.5 Millinery and lace goods Needles, pins, and nooks and eyes 39, 201 40,522 8,061 31,290 1,171 19.9 77.2 2.9 4,638 4,955 2, 262 2,313 380 45. 6 46.7 7.7 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 19,211 20,500 10, 141 9,707 652 49.5 47.4 3.2 Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling 1,949 2,346 473 1,833 40 20.2 78. 1 1.7 Pencils, lead 4,134 4,412 1,843 2,244 325 41.8 50.9 7.4 Pens, steel 699 729 113 591 25 15.5 81.1 3.4 Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products 56, 168 60. 842 53, 159 6, 799 884 87.4 11.2 1.5 Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified 6,206 6,417 3,405 2,635 377 53. 1 41.1 5.9 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs 4,241 4,440 2. 193 2, 113 134 49.4 47.6 3.0 Umbrellas and canes 5,472 5,837 2,586 3,017 234 44.3 51.7 4.0 Sex and age distribution, by states: 1909. — Table 14 shows, for each geographic division and each state, tlie distribution of wage earners by sex and age and the per cent that each class represents of the total average number of wage earners. Tlie numbers of each sex and each age period are obtained by applying to the average number employed in each industry in each state the percentages of each age and sex in the number of wage earners reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day, and then totaling the result, as more fully explained on page 452. The relative number of males 16 years of age or over, females 16 years of age or over, and children \mder 16 employed in each state depends primarily upon the character of the industries in that state, but the number of persons under 16 employed is also affected by the legislation of the several states with regard to child labor. Tlie largest proportions of female wage earners 16 years of age or over are found in the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, owing chiefly to the importance of the textile and clothing industries in these divisions. Next to these two divisions in this respect ranks the South Atlantic division, and in this division appears the largest pro- portion of wage earners under 16 years of age, 6.3 per cent. This large proportion is due chiefly to the predominance of the textile industries in the South Atlantic states. The proportions of females 16 years of ase or over and of children under 16 are lowest in the West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific divi- sions, where the textile and clothing industries arc relatively unimportant. Among the individual states the largest proportion of female wage earners 16 years of age or over, 32.3 per cent, is found in Rhode Island, and the next largest ])roportion in New Hampsliire, followed closely by Massachusetts and New York. The proportion of children employed is largest in South Carolina, 12.9 per cent, and next largest in North Carolina. Among the Northern states Rliode Island shows the largest percentage of children. 457 STATICS, ( rJMl^:S, AND INDUSTRIES. Table 11 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. PER CENT OF TOTAL. DIVI.SION AND STATE. Total. 1 6 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. 16 years of age and over. Un- der 16 Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. years of age. United States 6,616.046 5,163,164 1,290,389 161,493 78.1 19.6 2.4 Geographic divisions: New England 1,101,290 760,639 307,076 33,575 69.1 27.9 3.0 Middle Atlantic 2,207,747 1,618,967 544,316 44, 464 73.3 24.7 2.0 East North Central 1,513,764 1,271,013 220, 194 22,557 84.0 14.5 1.5 West North Central 374,337 311,140 57,471 5,726 83. 1 15.4 1.5 South Atlantic 663,015 517,456 103,703 41,856 78.0 15.6 6.3 East South Central 261,772 228,788 24,995 7,989 87.4 9.5 3. 1 West South Central 204,520 191,353 9,724 3,443 93.6 4.7 1.7 Mountain 75,435 71,142 3,834 459 94.3 5. 1 0.6 Pacific 213,166 192,666 19,076 1,424 90.4 8.9 0.7 New England: Maine 79, 955 60,612 17,956 1,387 75.8 22.5 1.7 New Hampshire 78,658 53,574 23,888 1,196 68.1 30.4 1.5 Vermont 33,788 28,946 4,631 211 85.7 13.7 0.6 Massachusetts 584,559 390,544 173,280 20,735 66.8 29.6 3.5 Rhode Island 113,538 72,239 36,674 4,625 63.6 32.3 4.1 Connecticut 210,792 154,724 50,647 5,421 73.4 24.0 2.6 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,003,981 702,637 293,525 7,819 70.0 29.2 0.8 New Jersey 326,223 236,499 82,186 7,538 72.5 25.2 2.3 Pennsylvania 877,543 679,831 168,605 29,107 77.5 19.2 3.3 East North Central: Ohio 446,934 372,694 68,996 5,244 83.4 15.4 1.2 Indiana 186,984 161,117 22,255 3,612 86.2 11.9 1.9 Illinois 465,764 382,691 76, 156 6,917 82.2 16.3 1.5 Michigan 231,499 197,777 31,205 2,517 85.4 13.5 1.1 Wisconsin 182,583 156,734 21,582 4,267 85.8 11.8 2.3 West North Central: Minnesota 84,767 73,038 11,423 306 86.2 13.5 0.4 Iowa 61,635 51,128 9,460 1,047 83.0 15.3 1.7 Missouri 152,993 119,980 29,195 3,818 78.4 19.1 2.5 North Dakota 2,789 2,489 243 57 89.2 8.7 2.0 South Dakota 3,602 .3,099 457 46 86.0 12.7 1.3 Nebraska 24,336 20,763 3,356 217 85.3 13.8 0.9 Kansas 44,215 40,643 3,337 235 91.9 7.5 0.5 South Atlantic: Delaware 21,238 17,205 3,504 529 81.0 16.5 2.5 Maryland 107,921 72,416 28,957 6,548 67.1 26.8 6.1 District of Columbia 7,707 6,861 827 19 89.0 10.7 0.2 Virginia 105,676 63,893 88, 191 13,863 3,622 83.5 13.1 3.4 West Virginia 58,335 4,505 1,053 91.3 7.1 1.6 North Carolina 121,473 86,082 21,693 13,698 70.9 17.9 11.3 South Carolina 73,046 50,848 12,793 9,405 69.6 17.5 12.9 Georgia 104,588 83,998 14,549 6,041 80.3 13.9 5.8 Florida 57,473 53,520 3,012 941 93.1 5.2 1.6 East South Central: Kentucky 65,400 55,072 9,495 833 84.2 14.5 1.3 Tennessee 73,840 63,016 8,379 2, 445 85.3 11.3 3.3 Alabama 72, 148 63,413 5,082 3,653 87.9 7.0 5.1 Mississippi 50,384 47,287 2,039 1,058 93.9 4.0 2.1 West South Central: Arkansas 44,982 43,763 694 525 97.3 1.5 1.2 Louisiana 76, 165 70, 153 4,473 1,539 92.1 5.9 2.0 Oklahoma 13, 143 12,345 675 123 93.9 5.1 0.9 Texas 70,230 65,092 3,882 1,256 92.7 5.5 1.8 Mountain: Montana 11,655 11,436 189 30 98.1 1.6 0.3 Idaho 8,220 8,035 155 30 97.7 1.9 0.4 Wyoming Colorado 2,867 2,810 45 12 98.0 1.6 0.4 28,067 25,808 2,094 165 92.0 7.5 0.6 New Mexico 4,143 3,995 82 66 96.4 2.0 1.6 Arizona 6,441 6,366 38 37 98.8 0.6 0.6 Utah 11,785 10,470 1,205 110 88.8 10.2 0.9 Nevada 2,257 2,222 26 9 98.4 1.2 0.4 Pacific: Washington 69,120 66,042 2,812 266 95.5 4.1 0.4 Oregon 28,750 26,406 2,246 98 91.8 7.8 0.3 California 115,296 100, 218 14,018 1,060 86.9 12.2 0.9 Comparison with previous censuses as to sex and age , — The following table shows, for all industries combined, the distribution of the average number of wage earners according to age periods, and in the case of those 16 years of age or over according to sex, for 1909, 1904, and 1899. As already explained (p. 452), the distribution for 1909 is estimated on the basis of the actual proportions reported for a single represent- ative day, while the figures for the other two censuses represent averages computed from the number of each class reported for each month of the year. Table 15 CLASS. AVERAGE .NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 1904 1899 Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Total 6,616,046 100.0 6,468,383 100.0 4,712,763 100.0 16 years of age and over. 6, 453,553 97.6 5,308,498 97.1 4,551,487 96. 6 Male 5,163,164 78. 1 4,242,643 77.6 3,632,977 77.1 Female 1,290, 389 19.5 1,065,855 19.5 918,510 19.5 Under 16 years of age.. 161,493 2.4 159,885 2.9 161,276 3.4 From an examination of this table it will be seen that, wliile the numbers of men and women workers increased at each census, the number of children under 16 years of age has been comparatively stationary. For all industries combined there was a shght net increase during the 10 years in the number of cliildren employed, although from 1899 to 1904 the number decreased. The percentage which children represent of the total number of wage earners, however, de- creased from census to census. The proportion of adult female wage earners has been the same at each census, while the proportion of adult males has increased slightly. Comparison of sex and age distribution in selected industries: 1909, 1904, and 1899. — Table 16 shows, in percentages, the distribution of wage earners accord- ing to sex and age periods, in 1909, 1904, and 1899, for all industries of any importance in wliich the pro- portion of women and children is relatively high or in which the absolute number of women and children is large. The percentages for the three years are com- parable though not precisely parallel, for the reason that those for 1909 relate to the number employed on December 15, or the nearest representative day, which in the case of many establishments in some industries was in another month than December, while those for 1904 and 1899 (in wliich years reports w’ere made for each month of the average number of wage earners by sex and age) are based upon the average number in each group for the month of December. Nevertheless, the figures should be very closely comparable for nearly all industries. In about three-fifths of the 61 industries shown in this table the number of females 16 years of age or over and of cliildren under the age of 16, taken together, formed a smaller proportion of the wage earners reported for December in 1909 than in 1899, or, in other words, the proportion of males 16 years of age or over increased during the decade. In the cotton-goods industry, in which the number of women and children is greater than in any other industry, each of these classes represented a smaller 458 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES, porceiitage of the total number of wa"e earners in 1909 than in 1899. Similar chan<>;es have occurred in the men’s clothin" and the hosier}'^ and knit-goods indus- tries, both of which arc important as employers of women and children. In the silk and woolen industries the proportion of women has increased slightly, but the proportion of children under 1(5 has deci’eased. For the tobacco-products industry, in which the ])roportion of children has likewise decreased, a marked increase is shown in the proportion of women employed. Among the 61 industries listed in the table there were 22 in which the percentage of children was higher in 1909 than in 1899, but most of these are relatively unimportant industries. The most conspicuous in- crease in the proportion of children employed is in the manufacture of bags, other than paper. 'I'ablo 1 G PER CENT OF ALL WAGE EARNERS EMPLOYED.! 16 years of age and over. INDUSTRY. Under 16 years of age. Male. Female. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1!)01 1899 1909 1904 1899 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes 13.1 14. 1 12.9 83.7 80.7 79.1 3.1 5.2 8.0 Awnings, tents, and sails 56.0 59.5 65.1 42.4 39 4 34.0 1.6 1.2 0.9 Bags, other than paper 34.0 34.0 31.3 56.8 60.2 65.3 9.2 5.9 3.4 Bags, paper 50.9 52.0 53.6 47.3 45.2 45.4 1.8 2.7 1.0 Baking powders and yeast 52.7 47.0 49.9 44.9 51.3 48.4 2.4 1.7 1.7 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 62.6 63.4 63.6 33.3 33.2 33.4 4.1 3.4 3.1 Bools and shoes, rubber 59.3 57.1 60.3 38.1 39.8 38.2 2.6 3.1 1.5 Boxes, cigar 44.5 44.5 46.4 49.7 50.0 49.4 5.8 5.5 4.2 Boxes, fancy and paper 32.8 29.3 27.9 60.0 64.5 65.9 7.1 6.2 6.2 Bread and other bakery products 81.3 79.6 79.2 16.7 18.1 17.7 2.0 2.3 3.1 Buttons 60.0 50.8 47.4 36.5 45.9 47.2 3.5 3.3 5.4 Canning and preserving 43. 1 48.2 55.6 49.8 45.7 40.0 7.1 6.1 4.4 Carpets and rugs, other than rag 56.2 51.0 48.4 39.7 43.3 44.1 4. 1 5.7 7.5 Clocks and watches, including cases and materials 61.7 61.8 63.8 36.2 36.9 34.4 2.1 1.4 1.8 Clothing, horse 32.4 36.8 25.2 58,5 56.6 65.5 9.1 6.6 9.3 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 42.4 37.6 33.9 55.5 60.0 63.4 2.0 2.4 2.6 Clothing, women’s 35.8 34.9 29.6 63 3 64.4 69.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 Cofiee and spice, roasting and grinding 59.4 60.3 51.9 39.1 38.3 46.1 1.4 1.4 2.0 Confectionery 35.9 35.9 44.7 58.1 59.3 49.8 6.0 4.8 5.4 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products ... 84.6 85.0 86.7 12.3 12.4 9.2 3.0 2.6 4.1 Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods 48.3 57.6 55.2 44.8 35.6 36.8 6.8 6.7 8.1 Cork, cutting 54.2 45. 1 43.8 40.4 46.7 48.2 5.3 8.3 8.0 Corsets 12.6 10.9 9.9 83.9 86.3 87.4 3.5 2.8 2.7 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 50.9 46.6 44.8 38.7 40.5 41.9 10.4 12.9 13.3 Dyeing and finishing textiles 79.6 80.2 81.9 18.0 15.9 14.4 2.4 3.9 3.7 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 76.4 80.6 82.8 22.7 18.3 15.8 0.9 1.0 1.5 Fireworks 54.8 55.7 54.7 40.9 39.0 36.7 4.3 5.3 8.6 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 35.7 32.8 28.2 61.7 65.6 68.9 2.6 1.6 2.9 Flavoring extracts 56.8 51.7 51.2 41. 1 46.5 46.5 2.0 1.8 2.3 Food preparations 67.9 59.0 65.6 30.6 39.2 31.7 1.5 1.8 2.7 Foundry and machine-shop products 97.3 97.3 97.7 2.0 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 Fur goods 59. 1 57.3 45.3 40.5 42.3 53.9 0.4 0.4 0.7 Furnishing goods, men’s 21.8 14.1 14.7 76. 1 84.3 83.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 Gloves and mittens, leather 42.7 39.6 30.9 54.9 58.3 67. 1 2.4 2. 1 2.0 Gold and silver, leaf and foil 43.2 45.5 51.0 53.4 51.8 46.8 3.5 2.8 2.2 Hair work 34.4 17.8 13.9 63.4 80.5 85.8 2.1 1.7 0.4 Hats, fur-felt 69.9 70.3 70.2 28.0 27.6 28.4 2.1 2. 1 1.4 Hats, straw 34.0 33.4 64.3 65.6 1.7 0.9 Hosiery and knit goods 27.4 ■24.2 25.0 64.5 66.2 64.5 8.1 9.6 10.5 House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified 50.5 56.0 57.3 47.8 41.5 40.5 1.6 2.5 2.3 Jewelry 68.8 71.9 67.2 28.4 26. 1 31.0 2.8 2.0 1.8 Jewelry and instrument cases 44.6 47.7 48.5 52.9 51.0 47.5 2.5 1.3 4.0 81.8 79.7 84.4 15.7 17.3 12.3 2.5 3.0 3.3 Mattresses and spring beds 79.9 79.7’ ■77.0 18. 4 18.8 20.4 1.7 1.5 2.6 Millinery and lace goods 19.9 13.4 16.9 77.2 85.1 81.9 2.9 1.5 1.2 Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes 45.6 47 5 .50.9 46.7 46.5 44.0 7.7 6.0 5.1 Paper and. wood pulp 87.1 85.9 83.2 12,6 13.7 16.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 49.5 41.5 46 0 47.4 55.3 51.6 3.2 3.2 2.4 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations 46.6 42.2 44.5 51.3 55.4 53.9 2.1 2.4 1.6 20.2 19 7 78-1 75.4 1.7 4.9 Pencils, lead.. . .”. T. 41.8 42,1 35.8 50.9 54.0 51.9 7 4 3.8 12.3 Pens, steel 15.5 9.3 13.6 81 1 83.7 78.8 3.4 7.0 7.6 Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products 87.4 85.8 87 2 11.2 11.8 10.5 1.5 2.4 2.3 Printing and publishing 75. 1 74.5 74 8 22.4 22.9 20.6 2.4 2.6 4.7 Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 35.0 34.1 36 6 57. 1 56.7 53.4 8.0 9.2 10.0 Slaughtering and meat packing 93. 1 92.0 93. 1 6.3 6.7 4.5 0.6 1.2 2.4 Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified 53.1 49.6 42.9 41.1 46.5 50,7 5.9 3.9 6.4 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs 49.4 48.4 54.3 47.6 49 8 40.3 3.0 1.8 5 1 Tobacco manufactures 49.9 54. 1 57.8 46.5 41.3 37. 6 3.6 4.6 4.7 Umbrellas and canes 44.3 .39.3 39 9 51.7 56.0 56.0 4.0 4.7 4.1 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 53.0 52.8 53 0 41.3 39.6 39.7 5.7 7.0 7.2 1 P'or 1904 and 1S99 the percentages are based on the average numbers reported for the month of December; for 1909, on the number employed on Deo. 15, or the nearest representative day. Comparison of sex and age distribution, by states: 1909, 1904, and 1899. — Table 17 shows, for each geographic division and state, for 1909, 1904, and 1899, respectively, the percentage of the average num- ber of wage earners em|)loyed during the year repre- sented by males 16 years of age or over, females 16 STATIOS, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 459 years of ago or over, and cliildiTii under 16 years of age. For 1909 the {)er(‘entages have been eomputed from the returns for a rei)resentativo day in the man- ner described on page 452; for the other two years the bases of calculation are average numbers computed for the year from the returns made for each month. Table 17 PER CENT OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. DIVISION AND STATE. 16 years of age ant over. Under 16 years Male. Female. of age. 1909 1904 1890 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 TTnlted States 78.1 77.6 77.1 19.S 19.5 19.5 2.4 2.9 3.4 Geographic divisions: New England 69.1 69.1 68.4 27.9 28.0 28.7 3.0 2.9 2.9 Middle Atlantic 73.3 73.9 73.3 24.7 23.5 23. 4 2.0 2.7 3.3 East North Central 84.0 83.8 84.4 14.5 14.5 13.2 1.5 1.7 2.4 West North Central 83.1 83.6 83.4 15.4 14.2 13.6 1.5 2.3 3.0 South Atlantic 78.0 75.4 74.7 15.6 17.0 17.4 6.3 7.6 7.9 East South Central 87.4 88 9 86.2 9.5 9.7 9.0 3.1 4.3 4.8 West South Central 93.6 92.6 91.3 4.7 5.5 6. 4 1.7 1.9 2.4 Mountain 94.3 93.6 94.4 5.1 5.2 4.2 0.6 1.3 1.3 Pacific 90.4 88.6 85.5 8.9 10.3 12.6 0.7 1.2 1.9 New England: Maine 75.8 75.6 72.1 22.5 22.4 24.8 1.7 2.0 3.1 New Hampshire 68.1 68.1 67.1 30.4 30.5 30.4 1.5 1.5 2.4 Vermont 85.7 85.5 85.0 13.7 13.8 14.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 Massachusetts 66.8 66.9 66.6 29.6 30.1 30.6 3.6 3.0 2.8 Rhode Island 63.6 63.0 62.7 32.3 31.6 31.6 4.1 5.4 5.7 Connecticut 73.4 73.1 72.3 24.0 24.5 25.6 2.6 2.4 2.1 Middle Atlantic: New York 70.0 70.4 69.3 29.2 28.6 29.0 0.8 0.9 1.7 New Jersey 72.5 73.4 73.3 25.2 23.6 23.1 2.3 3.0 3.7 Pennsylvania 77.5 77.9 77.7 19.2 17.6 17.4 3.3 4.5 4.9 East North Central: Ohio 83.4 83.4 84.0 15.4 15.2 14.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 Indiana 86.2 85.3 86.0 11.9 12.5 11.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 Illinois 82.2 82.8 82.6 16.3 15.9 14.4 1.5 1.3 3.0 Michigan Wisconsin 85.4 84.3 86.2 13.5 13.8 12.2 1.1 1.9 1.6 85.8 85.4 86.0 11.8 11.9 9.9 2.3 2.7 4.0 West North Central: Minnesota 86.2 87.4 88.5 13.5 12.1 10.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 Iowa 83.0 83.0 83.1 15.3 14.8 12.9 1.7 2.2 4.0 Missouri 78.4 79.5 78.1 19.1 17.1 18.5 2.5 3.4 3.5 North Dakota 89.2 86.7 90.7 8.7 11.3 6.8 2.0 2.0 2.5 South Dakota 86.0 87.4 91.4 12.7 11.2 3.6 1.3 1.3 4.9 Nebraska 85.3 85.5 86.9 13.8 12.5 9.2 0.9 2.0 3.9 Kansas 91.9 90.4 89.9 7.5 7.6 7.2 0.5 2.0 2.9 South Atlantic: Delaware 81.0 80.5 79.8 16.5 16.0 16.1 2.5 3.5 4.1 Maryland 67.1 67.4 65.5 20.8 26.7 28.6 6.1 5.9 6.0 District of Columbia 89.0 89.1 87.1 10.7 9.7 11.7 0.2 1.2 1.2 Virginia 83.5 81.0 79.5 13.1 14.9 14.9 3.4 4.0 5.5 West Virginia 91.3 90.0 89.0 7.1 7.4 8.5 1.6 2.6 2.4 North Carolina 70.9 64.9 65.0 17.8 21.4 20.9 11.3 13.6 14.1 South Carolina 69.6 63.3 61.9 17.5 20.2 20.1 12.9 16.4 18.0 Georgia 80.3 78.5 80.4 13.9 13.6 12.1 5.8 7.9 7.5 Florida 93.1 94.2 94.8 5.2 5.0 4.3 1.6 0.8 0.9 East South Central: Kentucky 84.2 82.8 84.1 14.5 13.9 11.8 1.3 3.3 4.2 Tennessee 85.3 85.4 85.1 11.3 10.9 10.6 3.3 3.6 4.3 Alabama 87.9 86.0 87.0 7.0 7.3 6.6 5.1 6.6 6.5 Mississippi 93.9 91.4 90.8 4.0 5.3 5.4 2.1 3.3 3.8 West South Central: Arkansas 97.3 96.9 96.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 2.0 Louisiana 92.1 89.4 85.0 5.9 8.2 12.3 2.0 2.4 2.7 Oklahoma 93.9 92.0 94.7 5.1 6.0 3.2 0.9 2.0 2.1 Texas 92.7 93.3 93.2 5.5 5.1 4.4 1.8 1.7 2.4 Mountain: Montana 98.1 97.7 98.1 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 Idaho 97.7 95.8 96.5 1.9 2.9 2.1 0.4 1.3 1.4 Wyoming 98.0 97.8 98.5 1.6 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 Colorado 92.0 92.4 93.4 7.5 6.2 5.5 0.6 1.4 1.0 New Mexico 96.4 97.4 96.5 2.0 1.5 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.0 Arizona 98.8 98.9 98.0 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 1. 1 Utah 88.8 84.9 86.1 10.2 12.6 10.7 0.9 2.4 3.2 98.4 98.5 95.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.5 3.4 Pacific: Washington 95.5 96.9 97.2 4.1 2.9 2.0 0.4 0.2 0.8 Oregon 91.8 90.9 90.4 7.8 8.0 7.7 0.3 1.1 1.9 California 86.9 84.4 79.7 12.2 14.0 17.9 0.9 1.6 2.4 In every geographic division except New England, children under 16 years of age constituted a smaller proportion of the average number of wage earners in 1909 than in 1899, while the proportion in New Eng- land rose slightly, wholly on account of increased proportions in Massachusetts and Connecticut. The proportion of children decreased during the decade in all but five of the states, the exceptions being Massa- chusetts, Connecticut, Maryland (where there was very little change), Florida, and New Mexico. In the Mid- dle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, East South Central, and Mountain divisions women 16 years of age or over represented a larger proportion of the total in 1909 than in 1899, but in the other divisions they constituted a somewhat smaller pro- portion. Most of the individual states show com- paratively little change in the proportion of women, the most conspicuous increases being in certain states where the manufacturing industries are still compara- tively undeveloped, such as South Dakota and Ne- braska. Marked decreases in the proportion of women took place in Louisiana and California. Wage earners employed, by months. — The following table gives the number of wage earners employed on the 15th of each month during the year 1909 for all industries combined. For purposes of comparison figures for 1904 are also given, but these are on a slightly different basis, since at that census each estab- lishment was asked to report the average number employed for each month rather than the number employed on a specified day of each month. Table 18 WAGE EARNERS IN ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. > MONTH. Number. Per cent of maximum. 1909 1904 1909 1904 January 6,210,063 5,262,472 88.6 92.7 February 6,297,627 5, 330, 471 89.9 93.9 March 6,423,517 5, 450, 736 91.7 96.0 April 6,437,633 5,493,343 91.9 96.8 May 6,457,279 5,512,373 92.2 97.1 June 6,517,469 5, 463, 804 93.0 96.2 July 6, 486, 676 5, 323, 966 92.6 93.8 August 6, 656,933 5,420,618 95.0 95.5 September 6,898,765 5,608,412 98.5 98.8 October 6, 997, 090 5, 676, 920 99.9 100.0 Nov'ember 7,006,853 5,587,028 100.0 98.4 December 6,990,652 5, 490, 453 99.8 96.7 ‘ The numbers for 1909 represent the number employed on the 15th of each month, or the nearest representative day; those for 1904, the average number em- ployed during each month. In 1909 the largest numberof wage earners, 7,006,853, was employed in November, and the smallest number, 6,210,063, in January, this number being equal to 88.6 per cent of the maximum. In 1904 the largest num- ber was employed in October and the smallest number in January, the minimum representing 92.7 per cent of the maximum. In 1909 a fairly constant increase in employment was shown from January to November, except that the number employed in July was a little lower than in June. The figures for employment by months for all indus- tries combined fail to show fully the variations in employment, since a variation in one direction in one industry may be offset by a variation in the opposite direction in another industry. Except for distinctly 460 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. seasonal industries, liowcver, tlio employment in most of the im])oi tant industries of the country appears to have been comparatively steady throughout the year 1909. The following table shows the amount of varia- tion in certain industries. It gives (1) the 14 industries which re])orted the largest average number of wage earners, including all re])orting 100,000 or more, and (2) the 12 industries which show the greatest variations in employment, including all (exce})t one or two em- jdoying less than 1,000 wage earners each) in which the number for the month of least activit}'" is less than one-half that for the month of greatest activity. Table 19 WAGE EARNERS. INDUSTRY. Maximum number. Minimum number. .\verage number. Month. Number. Month, Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Principal industries. Lumber and timber products. . Foundry and machine-shop products 695,019 Nov... 739, 100 Jan... 649,239 87.8 531,011 Dec... 597,234 Jan 482,080 80.7 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 378,880 Dec... 383,529 Jan. . . 374, 433 97.6 Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by steam-railroad companies . . . 282. 174 Dec . . . 301,538 May... 268,700 89. 1 Printing and pubUshing 258, 434 Dec. .. 269,884 July... 251,757 93.3 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 240,076 Dec.. . 283,629 Mar... 215,076 75.8 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 239,696 Dec... 251,340 Jan 230,650 91.8 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 198,297 Dec . . . 207,452 May... 190,382 91.8 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 168,722 Nov... 173,943 Jan 1.58,318 91.0 Tobacco manufactures 166,810 Dec... 176,369 Jan 161,563 91.6 Clothing, women’s 153,743 Oct. . . 167,525 July... 135,034 80.6 Hosiery and knit goods 129,275 Nov... 134,540 Jan 123,308 91.7 Furniture and refrigerators 128, 452 Nov... 136,615 Jan 120, 524 88.2 Bread and other bakery prod- ucts 100, 216 Oct. . . 102,770 Jan 96,639 94.0 Industries showing large variation. Brick and tile 76,528 July... 104,930 Jan 38,312 36.5 Canning and preserving 59,968 Sept... 154,800 Jan 19,998 12.9 Fertilizers 18,310 Mar. . . 29,310 July... 14,264 48.7 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 17,071 Nov... 29,334 July... 5, 174 17.6 Ice, manufactured 16,114 July... 22,872 Jan 9,847 43.1 Artificial stone 9,957 Aug. . . 12,884 Jan 4,856 37.7 Hats, straw 8,814 Mar. . . 11,488 July... 4,700 40.9 Beet sugar 7,204 Nov... 16,807 Feb... 2,206 13.1 Sugar and molasses 4,127 Nov.. . 15, 761 Feb... 559 3.5 Vinegar and cider 1,542 Oct ... 3,464 Mar... 886 25.6 Grindstones 1,394 May... 1,665 Jan 795 47.7 Rice, cleaning and polishing. . . 1,239 Oct. . . 2,017 July... 436 21.6 Considering first the principal industries, it will be seen that the greatest regularity of employment was in the manufacture of cotton goods, in which the number employed during the month of least activity, January, was equal to 97.6 per cent of the number employed in the month of greatest activity, Decem- ber. Other industries in which the number for the month of least activity was more than 90 per cent of the number for the month of greatest activity are the manufacture of boots and shoes, bakeries, the men’s clothing industry, the tobacco-products industry, the manufacture of woolen goods and of hosiery and knit goods, and ])rinting and publishing. Among the princi- pal industries the greatest variation appears in the steel works and rolling mills, in which the number employed during March, the month of least activity, was only 75.8 per cent of the number employed during Decem- ber, the month of greatest activity. The women’s clothing and foundry and machine shop industries also show a comparatively large degree of variation in the number employed. The lumber industry, as already stated, includes logging camps as well as sawmills, and also includes planing mills and wooden packing-box factories. The variation in emi)loyment in all of these branches taken together for the country as a whole is not very great, the number employed during the month of least activity being 87.8 per cent of the number employed during the month of greatest activity. For the log- ging camps alone, however, there is greater variation, the number employed during July, 170,587, being only 76.6 per cent of the number employed in December, which was 222,564. Furthermore, since in different sections of the country the active season in the woods covers different months, if the operations of the logging camps in each geograpliic division are considered sep- arately, a much wider variation appears in the number employed, this being particularly true in the Northern states. There are a number of industries wliich are con- spicuously seasonal in character. In the case of some of these the weather will not permit work except at certain seasons, and in others the raw material used is available only at certain seasons and must be handled immediately, while in the case of the remainder the demand for the products is conspicuously seasonal. The most variable large industry is canning and pre- serving, which naturally is confined mainly to the period at which fruits and vegetables arc harvested. The industry includes the canning and preserving of fish and oysters, which is carried on in the winter months; if this were excluded tliore would necessarily be a much greater variation in the numbei’s employed. In this industry the number employed during Janu- ary, the montli of least activity, formed only 12.9 per cent of the number employed during September. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 401 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Summary for United States. — The table that follows has for its purpose the presentation of conditions in respect to the character of ownersliip, or legal organi- zation, of manufacturing enterprises. Comparative figures are given, covering all industries combined, for the censuses of 1909 and 1904. Similar data for 1899 are not available. Table 20 COARACTEB OF OWNERSHIP. Number of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. AU classes: 1909 268,491 6,615,046 820,672,061,870 38,529.260,992 1904 216,180 6,468,383 14,793,902,663 6,293,694,763 Average per es- tablishment— 1&09 26 76,993 31,767 29,113 1904 26 68,433 Individual: 1909 140,605 804,883 2,042,061,500 968,824,072 1904 113,946 755,923 1,702,830,624 824,292,887 Average per establish- ment — 1909 6 14,523 6,890 7,234 951,383,741 1904 7 14,944 Firm: 1909 54,265 794,836 841,242 2, 184, 107, 632 1904 47,934 2, 132,536,604 930, 143,823 Average per establish- ment — 1909 15 40,249 44,489 16,341,116, 634 17,532 19,405 6,582,207,117 1904 18 Corporation: 1909 69,501 5,002,393 1904 51,097 3,862,698 10,904,069,307 4,526,055, 153 Average per establish- ment — 1909 72 235, 121 94,721 88,578 26,846,062 1904 76 213,399 104, 766, 104 •other; 1909 4, 120 12,934 1904 3,203 8,520 54,466,028 13,202,890 Average per establish- ment — 1909 3 25,429 6,516 4,122 1904 3 17,005 Per cent of total— 1909 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1904 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual: 1909 52.4 12.2 9.9 11.4 1904 52.7 13.8 11.5 13.1 Firm: 1909 20.2 12.0 10.6 11.2 1904 22.2 15.4 14.4 14.8 Corporation: 1909 25.9 75.6 79.0 77.2 1904 23.6 70.6 73.7 71.9 Othe • 1909 1.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 1904 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 The most important distinction shown is that be- tween corporate and all other forms of ownership. Of the total number of establishments reported as en- gaged in manufacturing industries in 1909, 25.9 per cent were under corporate ownership. The corre- sponding figure for 1904 was 23.6 per cent. Wliile cor- porations thus controlled only about one-fourth of the total number of establishments, they gave employ- ment to a large proportion of all wage earners reported, namely, 75.6 per cent in 1909 and 70.6 per cent in 1904. The value of the products of the factories operated by corporations represented 79 per cent of the total value of products for all establishments in 1909 and 73.7 per cent in 1904. These figures show that even during this short period of five years the corporate form of ownership increased so greatly that it represented an appreciably larger proportion of the manufacturing interests of the country in 1909 than in 1904. Partnerships (including limited partnersliips) con- trolled about one-fifth of the total number of manu- facturing establishments in 1909, and individuals rather more than one-half of the total number. These two classes of establishments were about equal in vol- ume of business, each reporting in the neighborhood of one-eighth of the total number of wage earners and one-tenth of the total value of products in 1909. Dur- ing the five years from 1904 to 1909 partnersliips lost ground, relatively, to a greater degree than indi- vidual ownership, presumably because of the incor- poration of many concerns previously operated by firms. In 1909 there were 4,120 establisliments operated by cooperative companies and other miscellaneous forms of ownership that could not be classified as indi- vidual, firm, or corporate ownersliip. These establish- , ments gave employment to only two-tenths of 1 per cent of the wage earners, and the value of their prod- ucts was only five-tenths of 1 per cent of the total value reported for all establishments. From 1904 to 1909 the average number of wage earners per establishment decreased for all three prin- cipal classes of ownership, while the average value of products per establishment decreased for the estab- lishments under individual and firm ownersliip but in- creased for corporate ownership. Proportion of business done by corporations in the principal industries: 1909 and 1904. — Table 21, on the following page, shows, for the principal industries, the number of manufacturing establishments operated by corporations in 1909 and 1904, and the percentage which they represent of the entire number of establish- ments; also the value of the manufactured products made in establishments under corporate ownership and the percentage which this represents of the total value. The figures as to total value, on which the percentages are based, will be found in Table 110. Two important mdustries, the repair shops of steam railroads and the smelting and refhiing of copper, are not shown separately in this table, as to do so would disclose the operations of individual establishments. This table shows tliat in industries where a large investment in plant and machinery is necessary to the proper conduct of the business, the estabUsh- ments are as a rule operated by corporations, it being easier under this form of ownersliip to obtain the necessary capital. All of the estabUshments en- gaged in the smelting and refining of lead in 1909 were operated by corporations, and more than 90 per cent of the blast furnaces, steel works and rolhng mills, cottonseed-oil mills, and establishments manufactur- ing steam-railroad cars were under this form of ownership. The general tendency has been toward an increase in the proportion of the establishments operated by corporations, and 35 of the 41 selected 462 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. industries show uu increase in this respect. In 24 of the 41 selected industries, less than 50 per cent of the establishments were operated by corporations. As a rule corpoiations control a much larger pro- portion of the output of manufactures than they do of the number of establishments. In 16 of the 41 indus- tries the value of the products reported by corporations formed in 1909 more than 90 per cent of the value reported for all establishments, and in all but 5 of the industries the corporations reported more than 50 per cent of the total value of products. In only 1 of the selected industries, the manufacture of women’s clotliing, did the proportion of the total value of prod- ucts reported by corporations fall as low as one-fourth. In this industry it formed only 2.3.6 per cent of the total value reported for 1909. Table 2 1 INDUSTRY. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATED BY CORPORATIONS. Total. Operated by corporations. .Amount. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1!K)4 IIH)!* 1904 1909 1904 AU Industries 268,491 216,180 69,501 61,097 26.9 23.6 $16,341,116,634 $10,904,069,307 79.0 73.7 Agricultural implements 640 648 349 327 54.5 50.5 140,663,575 105, 325, 880 96.1 94.0' Automobiles including bodies and parts 743 178 478 113 64.3 63.5 235, 802, 964 26, 4,54,851 94.6 88.1 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and lindings 1,918 1,895 734 561 38.3 29.6 365, 716, 678 210, 493, 693 71.3 58.8 Brass and bronze products 1,021 813 417 271 40.8 3,3.3 134,981,702 89,004,043 90.0 86.9 Bread and otner bakery products 23,926 18,226 838 483 3.5 2.6 140,238, 713 86, 595, 177 35.3 32.1 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 8, 479 8,926 1,313 1,385 15.5 15.5 113, 493,555 61,309,538 41.3 36.5 Canning and preserving 3,767 3, 168 1,167 940 31.0 29.7 116,496,603 78, 308, 836 74.2 60.0 Carriages and wagons and materials 5,492 5, 588 884 806 16.1 14.4 109,348,007 96, 894, 926 68.4 62.2 Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies no 73 104 67 94.5 91.8 120, 480, 355 109,079,572 97.4 98.1 Chemicals 349 275 266 207 76.2 75.3 115,290,377 65, 786, 129 98.0 87.5 6, 354 5, 145 824 538 13.0 10,3 187,167,188 32.9 Clothing, women’s 4,558 3,351 583 319 12.8 9.5 90; 696; 932 46, 168, 946 23.6 18.6 Confectionery 1,944 1,348 595 384 30.6 28.5 96,821,995 52,802,483 71.8 60.6 Copper, tin. and sheet-iron products 4,228 2,540 1,034 591 24.5 23.3 149,640,465 80, 398, 170 74.9 67.0 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 1,324 1,154 1,113 922 84.1 79.9 598, 770, 236 417,926,307 95.3 92.8 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 1,009 784 720 524 71.4 66.8 213,088,053 133, 777, 339 96.3 95.0 Flour-mill and gristmill products 11,691 10,051 2,271 1,732 19.4 17.2 588, 189, 883 429,736,098 66.6 60.3 Foundry and machine-shop products 13, 253 10, 765 6,408 4,542 48.4 42.2 1,082,715,968 724, 924, 320 88.1 82.3 Furniture and refrigerators 3,155 2,593 1,499 1,128 47.5 43.5 192,097,264 128,051,4.59 80.1 72.0 Gas, illuminating and heating 1,296 1,019 1,091 931 84.2 91.4 165, 108, 539 123, 788, 392 99.0 98.9 1,374 1, 144 651 47 G 47. 4 41.6 142,021,832 71.0 Iron arid steel, blast furnaces 208 190 195 182 93.8 95.8 386', 361, 856 226, 518, 168 98.7 97.7 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 446 415 424 385 95.1 92.8 980,546,617 666, 630, 620 99.5 98.9 Leather goods 2,375 1,918 569 403 24.0 21.0 61,527, 700 39,869,140 58.8 48.5 I^eather, tanned, curried, and finished 919 1,049 454 391 49.4 37.3 250, 296, 374 168, 736, 401 76. 3 66.8 Liquors, distilled 013 805 229 178 37.4 22.1 180, 427, 167 116,399,668 88.1 88.7 1, 414 1,530 996 930 70.4 60.8 338, 480, 960 263,219,137 90.3 88.2 I.uinber and timber products 40, 671 25, 153 6,969 4, 900 17.1 19.5 793 ; 810, 129 536; 795 ; 071 68.7 60.7 4 964 2, 608 811 467 16.3 17.9 54, 859, 987 48. 5 Oil, cottonseed, and cake.. 817 715 756 677 92.5 94.7 141 ; 730, 982 93,817,578 95.8 97.3 Paint and varnish 791 a 39 526 360 66.5 56.3 106, ,349, 811 75,473,279 85.2 83.1 Paper and wood pulp 777 761 633 587 81.5 77.1 248,435,331 169, 665, 695 92.8 89.9 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ prep- arations 3, 642 2, 777 1,610 1,161 44.2 41.8 111,493,887 81,831,451 78.5 69.7 Petroleum, refining 147 98 131 83 89.1 84.7 232, 539, 909 109, 548, 502 98.1 96.9 Printing and publishing 31,445 27, 793 7,184 5,354 22.8 19.3 516, 400, 736 368, 729,392 70.0 66.7 Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 852 624 468 315 54,9 50.5 134, 495, 867 92, 403, 120 68.3 69.3 Slaughtering and meat packing 1,641 1,221 488 298 29.7 24.4 1,215, 428,015 793,971,346 88.7 88.1 Smelting and refining, lead 28 32 28 28 100.0 87.5 167, 405, 050 185,366,977 100.0 99.8 Sugar and molasses, not including heet sugar 233 344 114 112 48.9 32.6 255, 895, 127 223, 854, 504 91.6 80.7 Tobacco manufactures 15, 822 16, 827 722 563 4.6 3.3 277, 102, 771 188, 186,069 66.5 56.8 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 9.85 1.074 578 518 58.7 48. 2 363, 283, 846 239,816,937 83.3 75.1 All other industries 63,070 49, 923 22, 277 15,9.58 35.3 32.0 4, 425, 400, 968 3,136, 410,027 82.8 83.3 Proportion of business done by corporations, by states : 1909 and 1904.— Table 22 shows, for the geo- graphic divisions and for each state, the number of manufacturing establishments operated by coi-pora- tions in 1909 and 1904, and the percentage which they represent of the entire number of establishments; also the value of the manufactured products made in establishments under corporate ownership, and the percentage which this represents of the total value. The figures as to total value for each of the states, on which the iiercentages are based, will bo found in Table 111. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTJUES 463 Table 22 DIVISION AND STATE, NUMllI Total. :r of establishments. Operated liy corporations. VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS OPERATED BY CORPORATIONS. .\mount. I'er cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. 1909 1904 i;m)9 1904 IiM)9 1904 liH)9 1!H)4 liMia 1901 United States 268,491 216,180 69,501 51,097 25.9 23.6 $16,341,116,634 $10,904,069,307 79.0 73.7 Geographic divisions: New England 25,351 22,279 7,300 5,572 28.8 25.0 2,173,070,560 1,509,457,541 81.4 74.5 Middle Atlantic 81,315 67,099 17,785 12, 460 21.9 18.4 5,133,389,739 3, 417,242,-344 71.9 65.5 East North Central 60,013 51,754 17,755 14,093 29.0 27.2 4,4.34,329,994 2,913,000,832 85.1 80.8 West North Central 27, 171 21,492 6,649 4,816 24.5 22.4 1,513,583,331 1,044,005,587 83.9 81.3 South Atlantic 28,088 19,564 6,765 4,820 24.1 24.7 1,059,302,614 701,534,357 76.7 72.0 East South Central 15,381 10,311 3,558 2,672 23.1 25.9 494,623, 131 349,227,144 78.5 75.2 West South Central 12,339 8,279 3,403 2,298 27.6 27.8 509, 339, .325 315,2.36,430 81.4 75.9 Mountain 5,254 3,610 1,743 1,114 33.3 30.9 328,652,051 230,401,412 90.3 90.5 Pacific 13,579 11,192 4,543 3,252 33.5 29.1 695,018,111 423,992,759 82.4 76.9 New England: Maine 3,546 3,145 861 671 24.3 21.3 136,156,275 101,575, 154 77.3 70.5 New Hampshire 1,961 1,618 424 338 21.6 20.9 126,642,602 88, 159,093 76.9 71.3 Vermont 1,958 1,699 372 309 19.0 18.2 42,641,046 36,373,592 62.4 57.7 Massachusetts 11,684 10,723 3,483 2,555 29.8 23.8 1,182,9.35,652 810,54.3,002 79.4 72.1 Rhode Island 1,951 1,617 659 512 33.8 31.7 243,426,998 158,322,601 86.8 78.3 Connecticut 4,251 3,477 1,501 1,187 35.3 34.1 441,267,987 314,484,099 90.0 85.2 Middle .Vtlantic: New York 44,935 37, 194 9,345 6,086 20.8 16.4 2,108,026,670 1,396,924,211 62.6 56.1 New Jersey 8,817 7,010 2,560 1,834 29.0 26.2 971,904,531 617,236,276 84.8 79.7 Pennsylvania 27,563 23,495 5,880 4,540 21.3 19.3 2,053,458,538 1,403,081,857 78.2 71.7 East North Central: Ohio 15, 138 13,785 5,123 4,008 33.8 29.1 1,249,778,444 777,392,416 86.9 80.9 Indiana 7,969 7,044 2,363 1,915 29.7 27.2 495,570,090 317,481,228 85.6 80.6 Illinois 18,026 14,921 5,209 4,145 28.9 27.8 1,646,518,916 1,179,028,840 85.8 83.6 Michigan 9,159 7,446 2,638 2,044 28.8 27.4 571, 102, 107 328,185,756 83.4 76.5 Wisconsin 9,721 8,558 2,422 1,981 24.9 23.1 471,360,437 310,912,592 79.8 75.6 West North Central: Minnesota 5,561 4,756 1,326 922 23.8 19.4 330,924,567 234,013,794 80.8 76.0 Iowa 5,528 4,785 1,317 1,041 23.8 21.8 189, 182,389 116,246,585 73.0 72.4 Missouri 8,375 6,464 2,447 1,847 29.2 28.6 508,761,173 379,405,293 88.6 86.3 North Dakota 752 507 133 81 17.7 16.0 13,586,608 5,146,817 71.0 50.4 South Dakota 1,020 686 216 112 21.2 16.3 9,870,131 6,003,547 55.2 45.9 Nebraska 2,500 1,819 487 359 19.5 19.7 175,621,402 138,623,975 88.2 89.5 Kansas 3,435 2,475 723 454 21.0 18.3 285,637,061 164,565,576 87.9 83.0 South Atlantic: Delaware 726 631 202 1 160 27.8 25.0 36,071,988 ‘ 28,921,912 68.3 70.3 Maryland 4,837 3,852 873 650 18.0 16.9 207,102,289 147,744,248 65.6 60.7 District of Columbia 518 482 122 91 23.6 18.9 16,544,835 10,150,928 65.4 55.3 Virginia 5,685 3,187 1,099 702 19.3 22.0 163,780,071 109,546,390 74.5 73.6 West Virginia 2,586 2,109 813 638 31.4 30.3 140,385,264 78,951,053 86.7 79.7 North Carolina 4,931 3,272 1,339 879 27.2 26.9 182,140,664 113,510,110 84.1 79.6 South Carolina 1,854 1,399 564 464 30.4 33.2 102,403,671 70,493,378 90.4 88.8 Georgia 4,792 3,219 1,252 931 26.1 28.9 165,057,980 114,976,572 81.4 76.1 Florida 2,159 1,413 501 1308 23.2 21.7 45,815,852 > 27,239,766 62.9 54.2 East South Centr.al: Kentucky 4,776 3,734 1,147 862 24.0 23.1 178,650,245 117,046,726 79.8 73.3 Tennessee 4,609 3, 175 1,068 785 23.2 24.7 133,750,538 97,285,799 74.2 70.5 Alabama 3,398 1,882 788 578 23.2 30.7 123,502,394 92,725,327 84.6 84.9 Mississippi 2,598 1,520 555 447 21.4 29.4 58,719,954 42, 169,292 72.9 73.4 West South Central: Arkansas 2,925 1,907 640 518 21.9 27.2 55,585,992 38,724,917 74.2 71.9 Louisiana 2,516 2,091 910 700 36.2 33.5 183,303,633 138,977,223 81.8 74. 6 Oklahoma 2,310 1,123 501 1242 21.7 21.5 39,390,339 1 17,401,144 73.4 71.1 Texas 4,588 3,158 1,352 839 29.5 26.6 231,059,361 120, 133, 146 84.7 79.8 Mountain: Montana 677 382 203 118 30.0 30.9 68, 458, 197 63,369,703 93.4 95.4 Idaho 725 364 200 105 27.6 28.8 16,982,034 6, 136, 137 75.8 70.0 Wyoming 268 169 168 1 55 25.0 32.0 14,664,800 > 2,751,358 '74.6 78.1 Colorado 2,034 1,606 698 478 34.3 29.8 116,991,543 89,377,091 90.0 89.2 New Mexico 313 199 196 1 53 30.4 25.6 16,253,689 > 4,645,600 79.2 81.4 Arizona 311 169 1122 71 38.6 42.0 1 48,305.675 27, 135, 784 96.1 96.6 Utah 749 606 294 203 39.3 33.5 56,234,329 34,7a5,530 90.7 89.3 Nevada 177 115 170 34 37.3 29.6 110,761,784 2,220,209 90.5 71.7 PAaric: Washington 3,674 2,751 1,444 920 39.3 33.7 185,171,875 103,215,882 83.9 80.1 Oregon 2,246 1,602 640 409 28.5 25.5 70,781,269 40,034,288 76.1 72.1 California 7,659 6,839 2,459 1,917 32.1 28.0 439,064,967 280,742,589 82.9 76.5 1 Includes establishments operated under other forms of ownership, to avoid disclosing individual operations. There were eight of these establishments in 1909 and seven in 1904 which were Included in the total for geographic divisions but are not included in the total for the United States. 464 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 'I'ablo 22 shows that ia most of the states in 1909 the number of manufacturing establishments owned by corporations represented between one-fifth and one-third of the total number of manufacturing estab- lishments. Vermont, North Dakota, Nebraska, Maiy- land, and Virginia were the only states in which less than one-fifth of the establishments were owned by corjiorations, and Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ohio, Louisiana, and five states in the western part of the country were the only ones in which over one- third were under this form of ownership. In a large majority of the states the proportion of es- tablishments operated by corporations was larger in 1909 than in 1904, the exceptions being Nebraska, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ala- bama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Idaho, Wyo- ming, and Arizona. In most of the states between three-fifths and nine- tenths of the total value of manufactured products in 1909 was reported by establishments under corporate SIZE OF ESI Summary for United States.— The tendency for manufacturing to become concentrated in large estab- lishments, or the reverse, is a matter of interest from the standpoint of industrial organization. In order to throw some light upon it. Table 23 groups the establishments in all industries combined according to the value of their products, and shows for each group, for 1909 and 1904, the number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture, together with the percentage of the respective totals represented by each group. It also gives the average size of establishments as measured by these three items; the changes in this average are, however, much less significant than the changes in the percentages for the several groups. Of the 268,491 establishments reported as engaged in manufacturing industries in 1909, there were 3,060, or 1.1 per cent, whose products were valued at more than $1,000,000 each. The corresponding figures for 1904 were 1,900 establishments out of 216,180, or nine-tenths of 1 per cent. Wilde these establishments represented a comparatively small proportion of the total number of establishments, they gave employment to a much larger projiortion of all the wage earners reported, namely, 30.5 per cent in 1909 and 25.6 per cent in 1904. The value of protlucts of such estab- lishments represented 43.8 per cent of the total value of products in 1909 and 38 per cent in 1904. The figures indicate that establishments of this class produced a considerably larger proportion of the manu- factures of the country in 1909 than in 1904. It should be noted that the increased proportion is due partly to the fact that certain establishments included m the other groups in 1904 were included in this group in 1909 as the result of an increase in the value of their output. ownership. The only state in which the proportion was less than three-fifths was South Dakota, while in Connecticut, South Carolina, Montana, Colorado, Ari- zona, Utah, and Nevada the proportion was nine- tenths or more. Among the great manufacturing states, New York is conspicuous for the comparatively small proportion, 62.6 per cent, of the value of its prod- ucts contributed by this class of establishments. In almost every state a larger percentage of the total value of products was reported by such establishments in 1909 than in 1904, thus indicating that the tendency toward the incorporation of manufacturing concerns, particularly the larger concerns, is general and to a considerable degree independent of variations in state legislation regarding corporations. The only states in which the proportion of the total value produced by corporations was less in 1909 than in 1904 are Nebraska, Delaware, Alabama, Mississippi, Montana, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Arizona, and the difference in each case was slight. Table 23 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Number of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. All classes: 1909 268,491 6,615,046 5,468,383 $20,672,051,870 14,793,902,563 $8,529,260,992 6,293,694,753 1904 216,180 L-ess than $5,000: 1909 93,349 71,147 142,430 106,353 470,006 419,466 222,463,847 176,128,212 904,645,664 144,246,008 114,781,124 509,907,934 424,129,643 1,258,317,991 1,090,271,887 3,572,746,038 2,782,641,883 3,044,043,021 1,881,870,216 1904 $5,000 and less than $20,000: 1909 86,988 1904 72,791 57,270 751 ',047; 759 2,544,426,711 2,1-29,257,883 7.946,935,255 6,109,012,538 $20,000 and less than $100,000; 1909 1,090,449 1,027,047 1904 48; 096 27,824 22,246 3,060 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: 1909 2,896,532 2,515,064 2,015,629 1,400,453 1904 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 9,053,580,393 5,628,456,171 1904 1,900 Per cent of total: 1909 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1904 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000: 1909 34.8 2.2 1. 1 1.7 1904 32.9 1.9 1. 2 1.8 $5,000 and less than $20,000 : 1909 32. 4 7. 1 4. 4 6.0 1904 33. 7 7. 7 6. 1 6. 7 $20,000 and less- than $100,000: 1909 21.3 10.5 12.3 14.8 1904 22. 2 18.8 14.4 17.3 $100,000 and loss than $1,000,000: 1909 10. 4 43.8 38.4 41.9 1904 10.3 46.0 41.3 44.2 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 1.1 30.5 43.8 35.7 1904 0.9 38.0 29.9 Average por estab- lishmont: 1909 25 $76,99:1 68,433 $31,767 29,113 1904 25 1 In 1909 establishments with a ])roduct valued be- tween $100,000 and $1,000,000, gave employment to 43.8 per cent of the wage earners, and the value of their products formed 38.4 j)er cent of the total. Establish- ments with a product valued between $20,000 and $100,000 gave employment to about one-sixth of the wage earners, and the value of their products formed about one-eighth of the total. The establishments which STAT1^:S, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. had a product valued between $5,000 and $20,000, con- stituted about one-third of the whole number, but gave employment to only 7.1 per cent of the wage earners, and the Vidue of their products formed oidy 4.4 per cent of the total. Establishments that had a product in 1909 valued at less than $5,000 also formed about one- third of the total number, but they gave employment to only 2.2 per cent of the wage earners au The statistics for two establishments omitted, to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. > The statistics for one establishment omitted, to avoid the disclosure of individual operations. 72497°— 13 30 466 ABSTllACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 'I'lio total value of j)ro(]ucts for cadi industry as a wJiole, from whidi the percentages in the last two col- umns are calculated, ajipears in Table 110. Three important industries, the manufacture of leather goods, marble and stonework, and sugar and molasses, are not shown in the table in order to avoid the dis- closure of individual operations. While the gross value of products is in some respects not the best criterion of the relative irnjiortance of dilfercnt industries or of different states or sections in res fleet to manufacturing business, it is a fairly satis- factory standard for comparing different classes of establishments within the same industry. Table 24 shows, as might be expected, exceedingly wide varia- tion among the different industries in respect to the proportion of large establishments, and in I’espect to the proportion of the total value of products which is reported by such establishments. The industry in which establishments reporting products to the value of .11,000,000 or more constitute the largest propor- tion of the total number of establishments is the smelting and refining of copper, followed, in order, bj^ the smelting and refining of lead, steel works and rolling mills, blast furnaces, the refining of petroleum, and the construction of steam-railroad cars. In each of these industries in 1909 establishments of this class consti- tuted more than one-fifth of the total number, and in the smelting and refining of copper they constituted about five-sixths of the total. In these industries, moreover, establishments of this size reported exceptionally high proportions of the total value of products. The smelt- ing and refining of lead and of copper ranked Ifighest in this respect, with 99.2 and 99 per cent, respectively, of the total value of products I’eported by estabhshments with a value of products above .11,000,000. The slaugh- tering and meat-packing industry, also, though its pro- portion of large establishments is not conspicuously high, shows a very high proportion of the total value of products, 85.8 per cent, reported from such estab- lishments. On the other hand, there are a number of industries in which the smaller establishments predominate and in which only a very small proportion of the total value of products is contributed by establishments manufacturing products to the value of .11,000,000 or more. In the bakery, butter, cheese, and condensed- milk, women’s clothing, furniture, and lumber indus- tries the proportion of the total value of products reported by such establishments is less than 10 per cent, and there are several other industries of impor- tance in which the proportion is less than 20 per cent. In practically every industry named in the table the number of establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more increased materially from 1904 to 1909, and constituted a larger proportion of the total number of establishments in the later year than in the earlier. In the same way the value of the products of such establishments in nearly every indus- try constituted a larger proportion of the total value in 1909 than in 1904, the only exceptions being in the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, the construction of railroad cars, the illuminating-gas industry, the distillery industry, and the refining of petroleum. Relative importance of large establishments, by- states: 1909 and 1904. — Table 25 presents, by states grouped according to geographic divisions, statistics showing the relative importance of the establishments having a product valued at $1,000,000 or over for the census years 1909 and 1904. Certain states are not shown separately, as to do so would disclose indi- vidual operations. The differences among the several states with re- spect to the extent to which manufacturing is carried on in large establishments are dependent in part upon the character of the industries predominant in each state. It also depends in part upon the degree to which those industries have been develo])ed; in those states in which manufactures are extensive the large estabhshments are likely, other conditions being equal, to do a greater proportion of the manufacturing than in states where manufactures are relatively unimportant. The state in wliich establishments manufacturing products to tlie value of $1,000,000 or more represented the largest proportion of the total number of estab- lishments in 1909 was Rhode Island, with 3.5 per cent, followed by Arizona and Massachusetts, in the order named. The proportion in New York, the leading man- ufacturing state, was comparatively low, 1 per cent. There are several states in which such establishments represented only a small fraction of 1 per cent of the total number. In most of the states the large establishments con- tributed a very considerable proportion of the entire value of manufactured products. The state in which this proportion was the highest in 1909 is Arizona, with 84.1 per cent, followed by Nebraska, Montana, Kansas, New Jersey, Illinois, Utah, and Pennsylva- nia, in each of which states the products of establish- ments of this class represented more than one-half of the total value. The predominance of the smelting and refining of copper and lead in the Mountain states named, of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry in Kansas and Nebraska, of the slaughtering and the iron and steel industries in Illinois, of the iron and steel industry in Pennsylvania, and of the smelting and refm- ing of copper and the relining, of petroleum in New Jersey serve in a large measure to ex})lain these high STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES 467 percentages. In New York, the most important manu- facturing state, 37 per cent of the total value of products was reported by establishments of the class under con- sideration, this com])aratively low percentage being the result in part of the great magnitude in that state of the clothing industries, which are mostly conducted in small establishments. Of the states given in the table tliose in which the proportion of the total value of products reported by large establishments is less than 10 per cent are Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida. Table 25 STATE. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTINO PRODUCTS VALUED AT $1,000,000 OR OVER. Total. Reporting proc $l,000,00t Number. iucts valued at or over. Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent of total. 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 1909 1904 United States 268,491 216,180 3,060 1,900 1.1 0.9 $9,053,580,393 $5,628,456,171 43.8 38.0 New England: Maine 3,546 3,145 25 17 0.7 0.5 57,2.50,905 32,815,822 32.5 22.8 New Hampshire 1,961 1,618 34 20 1.7 1.2 80,784,016 45,369,594 49.1 36.7 Vermont 1,953 1,699 4 6 0.2 0.4 7, 195,281 8,475,059 10.5 13.4 Massachusetts 11,684 10, 723 293 191 2.5 1.8 719,811,362 458, 142,511 48.3 40.8 Rhode Island 1,951 1,617 69 41 3.5 2.5 135,285,205 80,055,916 48.3 39.6 Connecticut 4,251 * 3, 477 93 65 2.2 1.9 241,562,058 157,691,418 49.3 42.7 Middle Atlantic: New York 44,935 37, 194 470 294 1.0 0.8 1,245,968,072 816,099,837 37.0 32.8 New Jersey 8,817 7,010 194 121 2.2 1.7 649,848, 742 384,853,547 56.7 49.7 Pennsylvania 27,563 23,495 400 284 1.5 1.2 1,331,111,312 901,539,525 50.7 46.1 East North Central: Ohio 15, 138 13,785 245 136 1.6 1.0 666,243,771 331,720,477 46.3 34.5 Indiana 7,969 7,044 92 45 1.2 0.6 272,679,094 134,974,371 47.1 34.3 Illinois 18,026 14,921 273 168 1.5 1.1 1,078,746, 101 755, 157, .389 56.2 53.5 Michigan 9, 159 7,446 88 41 1.0 0.6 258,341,090 100, 138, 469 37.7 23.3 Wisconsin 9,721 8,558 86 58 0.9 0.7 228,084,707 124,948,292 38.6 30.4 West North Central: Miimesota 5,561 4,756 65 39 1.2 0.8 198,507,729 132,541,419 48.5 43.1 Iowa 5,528 4,785 29 11 0.5 0.2 95,585,315 41,089,284 36.9 25.6 Missouri 8,375 6,464 94 68 1.1 1.1 271,595,930 189,336, 754 47.3 43.1 Nebraska 2,500 1,819 17 9 0.7 0.5 137, 133, 162 110,013,438 68.9 71.0 Kansas 3,435 2,475 34 21 1.0 0.8 204,385,280 114, 177,287 02.9 57.6 South Atlantic: Delaware 726 631 7 9 1.0 1.4 16,892,803 13,711,604 32.0 33.3 Maryland 4,837 3,852 41 34 0.8 0.9 124,586,041 95,606,842 39.5 39.3 District of Columbia . . 518 482 3 (i) 0.6 5,012,734 (1) 19.8 Virginia 5,685 3,187 26 15 0.5 0.5 59 ; 124 ; 982 34,071,439 26.9 22.9 West Virginia 2,586 2,109 33 14 1.3 0.7 62, 481,895 25, 154,989 38.6 25.4 North Carolina 4,931 3,272 22 9 0.4 0.3 58,668,316 30,411,650 27.1 21.3 South Carolina 1,854 1,399 17 13 0.9 0.9 24,887,694 17,817,606 22.0 22.4 Georgia 4,792 3,219 18 10 0.4 0.3 34,054,085 20,664,194 16.8 13.7 Florida 2, 159 1,413 4 0.2 4, 450, 669 6. 1 East South Central: Kentucky 4,776 3,734 29 17 0.0 0.5 62, 164,920 38,590,336 27.8 24.2 Tennessee 4,609 3,175 17 11 0.4 0.3 30,567,045 18,796,261 17.0 13.6 Alabama 3,398 1,882 22 14 0.6 0.7 42,048,999 25,070,580 28.8 23.0 West South Central: Arkansas 2,925 1,907 4 (') 0.1 5,443,573 (I) 7.3 Louisiana 2;516 2 ; 091 23 13 0.9 0.6 75 ; 417 ; 505 54,118, 186 33.7 29.0 Oklahoma 2,310 1,123 4 0.2 4,884,270 9. 1 Texas 4,588 3 ; 158 36 17 0.8 0.5 102 ; 054, 306 39,030,054 37.4 25.9 Mountain: Montana 677 382 6 6 0.9 1.6 49,871,216 52, 545,498 68.1 79.1 Colorado 2,034 1,606 20 16 1.0 1.0 58,645,700 50,670,463 46.1 50.6 Arizona 311 169 9 7 2.9 4.1 42,276,901 22,761,981 84.1 81.0 Utah 749 606 7 5 0.9 0.8 33, 100, 176 20,978,066 53.4 53.9 PAaFic: Washington 3,674 2,751 20 13 0.5 0.5 42,379,727 28,001,570 19.2 21.7 Oregon 2,246 1,602 8 5 0.4 0.3 14,398,817 7,873,317 15.6 14.2 California 7, 659 6,839 71 31 0.9 0. 5 202,103,929 105,272,449 38.2 28.7 All other states ’ 5,853 3,560 8 6 0.1 0.2 17,938,958 8, 162, 677 10.8 8.0 > Excluded to avoid disclosures of Individual establishments, but Included In the total for the United States. *A11 other states embrace Idaho, Mississippi, Nevada, North Dakota, and Wyoming in 1909 and Arkansas, Dl^rict of Columbia, Mississippi, and New Mexico in 1904. In a large majority of the states, establishments manufacturing products to the value of $1,000,000 or more represented a larger proportion of the total number of establishments in 1909 than in 1904, and reported a larger proportion of the total value of products in the later year than in the earlier. The only states where this was not true with respect to the value of products are Vermont, Delaware, South Carolina, Nebraska, Montana, Colorado, Utah, and Washington. 468 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES Establishments grouped according to number of wage earners: 1909. — In sonic respects, and especially from the standpoint of conditions under which persons en- gaged in manufactures work, the best classification of estahlishmcnts to bring out the feature of size is a classification according to the number of wage earners employed, wliich is shown by Table 26. Table 26 ESTABUSHMENTS, WAGE EARNERS, AND PER CENT OF TOTAL. ESTABUSHMENTS EMPLOYING— Number Average number of wage earners. Per cent of total. of estab- lishments. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Total 268, 491 27,712 136,289 57,198 23,544 10.964 6,615, 046 100.0 100.0 10.3 311,704 640, 793 50.8 4.7 21.3 9.7 764,408 8.8 11.6 782, 298 4.1 11.8 8,116 1,258,639 3.0 19.0 2,905 1,006,457 1.1 15.2 1,223 540 837,473 0.5 12.7 1,013,274 0.2 15.3 Of the 268,491 establishments reported for all in- dustries, 10.3 per cent employed no wage earners; 50.8 per cent, from 1 to 5; 21.3 per cent, 6 to 20; and 8.8 per cent, 21 to 50. The most numerous single group consists of the 136,289 establishments employing from 1 to 5 wage earners, and the next of the 57,198 estab- lishments employing from 6 to 20 wage earners. There were 4,668 establishments that reported the employment of over 250 wage earners ; 540 of these employed over 1,000. The single group having the largest number of wage earners was the group comprising the establishments employing from 101 to 250. This group employed 1,258,639 wage earners, or 19 per cent of the total number. Table 27 shows, for 1909, for all industries combined and for 43 industries individually the number of estab- lishments and average number of w'age earners, by groups, and the percentage of wage earners in each group for these industries. Table 27 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOTTNO — INDUSTRY. All Industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. . Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies Chemicals Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products — Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill [products Foundry and machine-shop products. . . Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. . Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, iniduding throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelt ing and refining, copper .Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and mola.sses Tobacco manufactures - Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats Ml other indusiries Total. No wage earn- ers. 1 to 20 wage earners. 21 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 500 wage earners. Over 500 wage earners. Per cent wage earners in establishments employ- ing specified number form of total. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners (average number). Estab- lish- ments. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage eamem. Estab- lish- ments . Wage earners. 1 to 20 wage earn- ers. 21 to 100 wage earn- ers. 101 to 500 wage earn- ers. Over 500 wage earn- ers. 208, 491 6, 615, 046 27,712 193, 487 952, 497 34, 508 1, 546,706 11, 021 2(265,096 1,763 1 , 850, 747 14.4 23.4 34.2 28.0 640 50,551 40 372 2,067 133 6,406 77 17,902 18 24,176 4.1 12.7 35.4 47.8 743 75, 721 12 393 2,716 195 9,483 108 23, 768 35 39, 754 3.6 12.5 31.3 52.5 1,918 198, 297 49 839 6,176 538 27, 268 414 97,691 78 67, 162 3.1 13.8 49.2 33.9 1,021 40, 618 56 717 4,421 174 7,416 61 12, 422 13 16,359 10.9 18.2 30.6 40.2 23,926 100,216 3,643 19,751 60,112 426 17,977 101 17,880 5 4,247 59.9 17.9 17.9 4.2 S 47Q 18, 431 1,025 7, 332 12,634 115 4,852 945 68.5 26.3 5.1 3, 767 59,968 92 3 ; 015 17, 575 571 24,519 86 15, 459 3 2,415 29.3 40.9 25.8 4.0 5,492 69, 928 440 4,462 23, 141 484 21, 765 98 17, 729 8 7,293 33.1 31.1 25.3 10.4 1,145 282, 174 251 2,409 310 16,841 418 101,068 166 161,856 0.9 6.0 35.8 57.4 110 43,086 1 12 130 36 1,886 39 9,669 22 31,401 0.3 4.4 22.5 72.8 349 23,714 11 203 1,432 88 4,004 36 8,626 11 9,652 6.1 16.9 36.4 40.7 6,354 239, 696 191 3,713 33, 185 2, 045 85, 702 353 70,846 52 49,963 13.8 35.7 29.5 20.8 4, 558 153, 743 68 2, 438 23,813 1,754 74,965 292 51,014 6 3,951 15.5 48.7 33.1 2.6 1,944 44, 638 136 1,.376 7,194 313 14,547 115 20,145 4 2, 752 16.2 32.6 45.1 6.2 4,228 73,615 183 3, 498 17,635 407 16, 962 124 26,931 16 12,087 23.9 23.1 36.6 16.4 1,324 378,880 3 139 1,418 405 22,851 573 135,735 204 218,876 0.3 6.0 35.9 57.7 1,009 87, 256 22 607 3,988 243 11,357 117 23,885 20 48,026 4.5 1.3.0 27.4 55.0 11,691 39, 453 1,849 9, 587 26,023 239 9,326 13 2,124 3 1,980 65.9 23.6 5.4 5.0 13, 253 531,011 639 8,561 54, 963 2,902 1.33,613 1,009 203, 427 142 139,008 10.3 25.2 38.3 20. 1 3,155 128, 452 95 1, 655 11,569 1,106 53, 607 287 53, 458 12 9,818 9.0 41.8 41.6 7.6 1,296 37,215 108 939 4,811 180 8, 377 58 11,529 11 12,498 12.9 22.5 31.0 33.6 1,374 129,275 31 466 4,386 521 26, 620 323 68,059 33 30, 210 3.4 20.6 52.6 2,3.4 208 38,429 11 125 78 5,082 105 22, 454 14 10,763 0.3 13.3 58.4 28.0 446 240,076 26 287 94 5,683 187 49,965 139 184,141 0. 1 2.4 20.8 76.7 2, ,375 34,907 107 1,876 9,818 333 14,390 58 10,061 1 638 28.2 41.3 28.8 1.8 919 62,202 30 379 2, 664 350 17,76.5 142 26,890 18 14,883 4.3 28.5 43.2 24.0 613 6, 430 41 487 1,798 76 3, 132 9 1,5(X) 28.0 48.8 2.3.3 1,414 54, 579 23 752 7 ; 078 55i 24 ; 630 80 15,034 8 7,831 12.9 45.2 27.6 14.4 40,671 695, 019 909 33,902 186,140 4,559 196, 704 1,214 241 , 234 87 70,941 20.8 28.3 34.7 10.2 4,964 65,603 264 4,010 19, 650 595 24,955 92 17, 176 3 3, 822 30.0 38.0 26.2 5.8 fi17 17,071 511 5, 703 301 10,772 596 38. 4 63. 1 3.5 79i 14, 240 38 602 3 ', 073 117 5 , 139 33 5, 397 1 631 21.5 30. 1 37.9 4.4 777 75,978 193 2,231 352 17,849 215 43,930 17 11,968 2.9 23.4 57.9 15.8 3, 642 22, 895 1,051 2, 396 8, 193 165 0, 757 27 4,971 3 2, 974 3 . 5.8 29.5 21.7 13.0 147 13, 929 75 718 43 1,810 2.3 6, 295 6 5, 106 5.1 13.0 4 . 5.2 36.6 31,445 258, 434 6,940 22 , 254 93,683 1,877 79,316 344 63, 240 30 22, 195 36.3 30.7 24.4 8.6 '852 99,037 3 243 2,512 335 1 7, 604 21,3 52, 830 28 26,091 2.6 17.8 53. 3 20.4 1,641 89, 728 86 1,206 6, 096 247 11,404 62 13,911 40 58,317 6.8 12.8 15.5 65.0 38 15,628 453 19 12 10,832 2.9 27.8 69. .3 28 7,424 5 56 3 167 16 4, 940 4 2,261 0.7 2.2 06.5 30.5 914 4 127 150 1,463 62 2, 208 2 360 35. 1 55. 7 8.9 15,822 160,810 4, 995 9 , 823 34 ; 483 695 ,30,070 2.58 55 , 483 51 46,774 20.6 18.0 33.3 28.1 985 168, 722 30 219 1,578 346 10,924 .334 67, 460 56 79, 760 1.0 11.8 40.0 47.2 61,900 1,657,840 4, .501 44,041 243, 350 10,137 4.50, 4,52 2, 844 ,566, 70ii 38.3 397, 330 469 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. In 17 of the 43 industries listed separately in the table, establishments employing from 1 to 100 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total num- ber employed in eaeh industry. In 5 of these in- dustries, establishments employing from 101 to 500 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total number, while 8 establishments employing over 500 wage earners reported more than one-half of the total. The highest j)roportion (76.7 per eent) of wage earners employed by establishments reporting an average of more than 500 was in the steel works and rolUng mill braneh of the iron and steel industry. Table 28 shows, for 1909, for geographie divisions and states, the number of establishments and average number of wage earners, by groups, and the percent- age of wage earners in each group, for these divisions and states. Table 28 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING — DIVISION AND STATE. TOTAL. No wage earn- ers. 1 to 20 wage earners. 21 to 100 wage earners. 101 to 500 wage earners. Over 500 wage earners. Per cent wage earners in establishments employ- ing specified number form of total. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. Estab- lish- ments. Wage earners. 1 to 20 wage earn- ears. 21 to 100 wage earn- ers. 101 to 500 wage earn- ers. Over 600 wage earn- ers. trnlted States 26S, 491 6, 615, 046 27,712 193, 487 952,497 34. 508 1,546,706 11,021 2.265.036 1,763 1,850,747 14.4 23.4 34.2 28.0 Geographic divisions: New England 25,351 1,101,290 2,132 17,116 91,068 4,012 183,104 1,699 363,839 392 403,279 8.3 16.0 33.0 42.1 Middle Atlantic 81,315 2,207, 747 8,918 55,764 291,378 12,427 556, 007 3,632 742, 393 574 617, 969 13.2 25.1 33.6 28.0 East North Central 60,013 1,513,704 7, 274 42, 252 192, 201 7,411 340, 201 2,647 540, 595 429 440, 767 12.7 22.5 35.7 29.1 West North Central 27,171 374,337 3,667 20,787 78,209 2,051 90, 275 574 117,981 92 87, 872 20.9 24.1 31.5 23.6 South Atlantic 28,088 663,015 1,669 21,271 118,935 3,854 169, 759 1,135 231,455 159 142, 866 18.0 25.6 34.9 21.5 East South Central 15,381 261,772 911 12, 270 62, 682 1,710 74, 579 447 89,188 43 35,323 23.9 28.5 34.0 13.5 West South Central 12, 339 204,520 1,028 9, 645 49, 180 1,202 53, 546 373 74,471 31 27,323 24.1 26.2 36.5 13.3 Mountain 5,254 75,435 677 4,079 16,775 360 16,232 119 25,988 19 16, 440 22.3 21.5 34.4 21.8 Pacific 13, 579 213,166 1,436 10,303 52 ; 069 1,421 63,003 395 79 , 186 24 18', 908 24.4 29.5 37.1 8.9 New England: Maine 3,546 79,955 298 2, 716 12, 363 387 18,190 123 25,207 22 24,195 15.5 22.8 31.6 30.2 New Hampshire 1,961 78,658 158 1,409 7,201 256 11,326 114 24,621 24 35,510 9.1 14.4 31.3 45.1 Vermont 1,958 33,788 131 1,514 7,023 255 10,343 55 11,852 3 4,570 20.7 30.6 35.1 13.5 Massachusetts 11,684 584,559 943 7,548 43, 134 2,109 95, 989 867 185,876 217 259, 560 7.3 16.4 31.8 44.4 Rhode Island 1,951 113,538 158 1,196 7,046 359 17,352 195 45,366 43 43, 774 6.2 15.3 39.9 38.5 Connecticut 4,251 210, 792 444 2,733 14,301 646 29,904 345 70,917 83 95,670 6.8 14.2 33.6 45.4 Middle Atlantic: New York 44,935 1,003,981 4,667 31,323 169, 732 7,107 307,812 1,637 321,531 201 204,906 16.9 30.7 32.1 20.4 New Jersey 8,817 326,223 712 6,088 32, 544 1,354 64,402 557 119,964 106 109,313 10.0 19.7 36.7 33.5 Pennsylvaiiia 27,563 877,543 3, 539 18,353 89, 102 3,960 183, 793 1,438 300,898 267 303,750 10.1 21.0 34.2 34.6 East North Central: Ohio 15, 138 446,934 1,521 10,483 52,358 2,162 99, 140 834 168,458 138 126,972 11.7 22.2 37.7 28.4 Indiana 7,909 186, 984 692 5,966 26,681 956 44,434 299 60,492 56 55, 377 14.3 23.8 32.3 29.6 Dlinois 18,026 465, 704 2,518 12,361 60,101 2, 287 102,346 735 149, 670 125 153,647 12.9 22.0 32.1 33.0 Michigan 9,159 231,499 1,200 6, 297 28,054 1,154 54,516 447 91,443 61 57, 486 12.1 23.6 39.5 24.9 Wisconsin 9, 721 182,583 1,343 7,145 25,007 852 39, 759 332 70, 532 49 47,285 13.7 21.7 38.6 25.9 West North Central: Minnesota 5j 501 84, 767 603 4,352 16,648 448 20,096 131 26,590 27 21,433 19.6 23.8 31.4 25.3 Iowa 5,628 61,635 643 4,340 16, 072 443 19,412 92 18.845 10 7, 306 26.0 31.5 30.6 11.8 Missouri 8,375 152, 993 1.123 0, 183 20,287 764 33,819 268 55,632 37 37,255 17.2 22.1 36.4 24.4 North Dakota 752 2,789 125 601 1,010 24 932 2 247 57.7 33. 4 g 0 South Dakota 1,020 3,602 146 850 2, 291 21 827 3 484 63. 6 23. 0 1.^ 4 Nebraska 2,500 24'. 330 481 1,869 6,295 121 5,3,58 23 4,989 6 7,094 25.9 22.0 20.5 31.6 Kansas 3,435 44, 215 546 2,592 9, 006 230 9,831 55 11,194 12 14, 184 20.4 22.3 25.3 32.1 South Atlantic: Delaware 726 21,238 46 534 3,222 101 4,216 34 6,807 7 6,993 15.1 19.9 32.1 32.9 Maryland 4,837 107,921 504 3,538 18, 629 5% 26, 209 169 34.176 30 28, 847 17.2 24.3 31.7 26.7 District of Columbia 518 7,707 75 351 1,937 83 3,665 8 1,547 1 558 25.1 47.5 20.1 7.2 Virginia 5,685 105,676 270 4,689 25,491 502 25,570 138 27,112 20 27,503 24.2 24.1 25.7 2a 1 Weit Virginia 2,586 63,893 200 1,920 8, 726 323 15,183 125 20,191 18 13, 793 13.6 23.7 41.0 21.6 North Carolina 4,931 121,473 171 3,852 21,027 654 30,288 232 47,013 22 23,145 17.3 25.0 38.7 19.0 South Carolina 1,854 73, 046 60 1,411 7,990 209 9,394 145 33,110 29 22,546 11.0 12.9 45.3 30.9 Georgia 4,792 104,588 231 3,589 22,164 779 33,430 175 34, 448 18 14,546 21.2 32.0 32.9 13.9 Florida 2,159 57, 473 112 1,387 9,749 547 21, 744 105 21,045 8 4,935 16.9 37.8 36.6 8.6 East South Central: Kentucky 4,776 65,400 403 3,801 16,724 462 20, 780 102 19,830 8 8, 066 25.6 31.7 30.3 12.3 Tennessee 4,009 73,840 306 3,679 18,017 471 21,27) 143 20,348 10 7,004 25.2 28.8 35.7 10.3 Alabama 3,398 72, 148 131 2, 714 14,877 411 17, 098 127 26, 505 15 13,068 20.6 24.5 36.8 18.1 Mississippi 2,598 50,384 71 2,076 12, 464 366 14,830 75 10, 505 10 6,585 24.7 29.4 32.8 13.1 West South Central: Arkansas 2,925 44,982 169 2,368 12,493 308 12, 843 73 14,087 7 5,559 27.8 28.6 31.3 12.3 Louisiana 2,516 76,165 118 1,799 11,797 430 18,873 157 33,497 12 11,998 15.5 24.8 44.0 15.8 Oklahoma 2,310 13,143 262 1,949 7,039 88 3,462 10 1,888 1 754 53.5 26.4 14.3 5.7 Texas 4,588 70, 230 479 3,529 17,851 430 18,368 133 24,999 11 9,012 25.4 26.1 3 . 5.6 12.9 Mountain: Montana 677 11,655 92 513 2, 000 52 2,286 17 3,854 3 3,515 17.1 19.6 33.1 30.2 Idaho 725 8,220 56 617 2,402 41 1,780 8 1,014 3 2, 418 29.3 21.7 19.6 29.4 Wyoming 268 2,867 40 216 603 3 164 8 1,347 1 753 21.0 5.7 47.0 26.3 Colorado 2, 034 28, 067 325 1,511 6, 859 147 6, 942 48 10, 887 3 3,379 24.4 24.8 38.8 12.1 New Mexico 313 4,143 31 256 1,003 17 756 8 1,701 1 683 24.2 18.3 41.1 16.5 Arizona 311 6,441 36 245 940 16 786 12 3,172 2 1,543 14.6 12.2 49.3 24.0 U tah 749 11,785 74 582 2,478 71 2,825 17 2, 970 5 3,512 21.0 24.0 25.2 29.8 Nevada 177 2, 257 23 139 490 13 687 1 443 1 637 21.7 30.5 19.6 28.2 Pacific: Washington 3,674 69,120 322 2,713 15,858 483 21,821 153 28,931 3 2,510 22.9 31.6 41.9 3.7 Oregon 2,246 28,750 232 1,759 7,695 200 8,954 52 10,279 3 1,822 26.7 31.1 35.8 6.3 California 7,059 115, 296 882 ' 6,831 28,516 738 32,228 190 39,976 18 14,576 24.7 27.9 34.6 12.7 470 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENSES. Expenses in leading industries. — As stated in the Introduction, the census does not puij)oit to furnish figures tlmt can be used for determining the total cost of manufacture and consequently the profits. Facts of interest can, however, be brought out concerning the relative imj)ortanco of those classes of expenses which are reported. The following table shows in percentages the distribution of these expenses among tlie classes indicated, for all industries combined and for the 43 principal industries separately. Table 29 PER CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. INDUSTRY. Sala- ries. Wages. Mate- rials. Mis- cellane- ous ex- penses. All Industries 6.1 18.6 66.8 10.5 Agricultural implements 8.6 24.3 51.1 16.0 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 4.5 23.1 62.5 9.9 Boots and slioes, including cut stock and findings. 3.9 20.6 69.6 5.9 Bra.ss and bronze products 4.1 17.3 72.6 6.0 Bread and other bakery products 4.0 17.4 69.9 8.6 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 1.4 4.3 91.0 3.3 Canning and preserving 5.6 13.5 72.0 9.0 Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by 5.7 27.0 58.9 8.4 steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of 4.3 44.7 49.2 1.8 railroad companies 4.3 23.0 66.7 6.0 Chemicals 6.5 15.0 68.2 10.3 Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s 5.2 20.7 57.9 16.2 6.0 23.0 61.1 9.9 Confectionery 7.6 13.1 67.9 11.4 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 5.8 22.4 63.7 8.1 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 2.6 24.0 66.9 6.5 Electricral machinery, apparatus, and supplies. . . 10.0 24.5 53.8 11.7 Flour-mill and gristmill products 1.5 2.6 92.8 3.1 Foundry and machine-shop products 8.7 29.8 50. 1 11.4 Furniture and refrigerators 7.3 30.8 51.0 10.9 Oas, illuminating and heating 10.9 18.4 46.2 24.5 Hosiery and knit goods 4.4 25.5 62.7 7.4 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 1.8 6.8 88.4 3.0 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 2.9 18.3 73.9 4.8 Leather goods 7.2 19.3 64.6 8.9 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 2.2 10.5 81.2 6.1 Liquors, diitilled 1.0 1.6 18.4 79.0 Liquors, malt 7. G 13. 7 32.2 46.5 Lmnber and timber products 4.8 32.0 51.0 12.2 Marble and stone work 6.7 44.8 39.4 9.1 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 3.1 4.3 87.7 4.9 Paint and varnish 9.3 7.4 71.1 12.2 Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ 4.0 17.2 69.7 9.1 preparations 14.9 8.7 44.1 32.4 Petroleum, refining 1.8 4.4 89.6 4.2 Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throw.sters 16.7 26.6 32.6 24.1 4.2 21.8 (U).8 13.2 Slaughtering and meat packing 1.5 3.9 91.3 3.3 Smelting and refining, copper 0.7 3.8 94.4 1. 1 Smelting and refining, lead 0.9 3.4 94.8 0.9 Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar 'robacco manufactures 0.9 2.8 92.6 3.7 4.6 19.0 48.4 28.0 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. . 2.6 18.7 72.9 5.8 All other industries 6.4 21.1 62. 1 10.5 This table shows that, for all industries combined, 65.8 per cent of the total expenses reported were in- curred for materials, 23.7 per cent for services (that is, salaries and wages), and 10.5 per cent for other pur- poses. As would be expected, these pro])ortions vary greatly in the different industries. The item of sala- ries takes on large proportions in such industries as the gas industry, the manufacture of patent medi- cines, and ])rinting and publishing, which require a large force of employees for accounting and collecting. The industries for which the liighest percentages for wages are shown — in each case over 30 per cent — are marble and stone work, steam-railroad repair shops, the lumber and timber industry, and the furniture industry. The cost of materials constituted over 90 per cent of the expenses reported in the smelting and refining of copper and lead, flour and grist milling and the manufacture of sugar and molasses, slaughtering and meat pacldng, and the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry. Miscellaneous expenses, which are made up principally of rent, taxes, insurance, and advertising, are relatively largest in the distillery and brewery industries, the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds, and the tobacco- products industry, all of which are subject to internal- revenue taxes; they are also large in the gas and the printing and publishing industries. Expenses, by states. — Table 30 shows, for each geo- graphic division and each state, the per cent distri- bution in 1909 of the total expenses reported among the principal items. The variation among the several divisions and states in the percentage of the total expenses which is represented by each class follows closely the varia- tion in the character of the predominating industries. Thus the percentage of expenses incurred for materials is highest and that incurred for wages lowest in the West North Central division, this condition being due to the predominating importance in those states of the flour-milling and the slaughtering industries, in which materials contribute the greater part of the value of products. The proportion of expenses ineurred for materials is also high in the Mountain division, on account of the influence of the smelting and refining industries. Wages represent the highest percentage of the total expenses, 23.7, in the New England division, where the textile and other highly elaborative industries predominate. Among the individual states the highest percentage for materials is shown for Kansas and the next highest for Nebraska, wliile tliis percentage is lowest in Florida; the highest percentages for wages are shown for Wyoming, New Mexico, and Florida, in the order named. Among the great manufacturing states of the East and North there is no very great variation in the distribution of expenses among the various items. Of the 10 most important manufacturing states, Massachusetts has the higliest proportion for wages and is among the lowest for miscellaneous expenses. The exeeptionally high percentage for miscella- neous expenses in Kentucky, 25.8, is due to the importance there of the distillery industry, in the miscellaneous expenses of which are included very large sums paid as internal-revenue tax. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRII^:S 471 Tublc 30 PER CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES PER CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. UEPOP.TED. DIVISION .AND STATE. United States Geographic divisions: New Kuglaiid Middle Atlantic East North Central... West North Central. South A tlantic East South Central West South Central. . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri... North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Salaries. W ages. S.l 18.6 4.8 23.7 5.4 18.6 5.4 17.8 4.2 12.4 4.7 20.1 5.2 18.3 4.5 17.4 3.9 17.8 4.9 20.4 3.7 24.3 2.8 24.3 4.7 28.9 4.8 22.8 4.4 22.8 6.0 25.6 6.2 18.7 4. 7 16. 4 4.7 19.3 5.6 19.1 5.0 18.2 5.3 15.8 5.9 20.1 4.9 17.9 4.1 12.6 4.7 13.9 5. 6 15. 5 3.6 10.3 3.9 14.6 3.0 7.6 2. 4 8. 5 Mate- rials. 65.8 62.6 65.3 65.1 75.1 64.9 60.2 68.1 71.6 65.4 62.7 65.8 58.2 62.9 65.3 59.8 62.2 69.7 67.2 64.2 63.7 67.0 62.3 65.9 74.9 73.2 67.9 79.1 72.7 82.3 84.7 Miscella- noous expenses. 10. S 8.9 10.8 11.7 8.3 10.3 16.2 9.9 6.7 9.3 9.2 7.1 8.3 9.5 7.5 8.6 12.9 9.2 8.8 11.0 13.1 12.0 11.6 11.4 8.4 8.2 11.1 6.9 8.9 7.1 4.4 DIVISION AND STATE. Salaries. Wages. Mate- rials. Miscella* neous expenses. South Atlantic: Delaware 4.9 21.9 65.9 7.2 Maryland 4.8 15.9 69.6 9.7 District of Columbia 9.0 24.4 .50.0 16.6 Virginia 4.6 19.4 04.0 11.9 West Virginia 3.9 22.8 64.2 9.0 North Carolina 3.7 18.4 65.4 12.5 South Carolina 3.9 20.9 68.1 7.1 Georgia 5.1 19.8 66.4 8.7 Florida 7.8 36.4 41.3 14.5 East South Central: Kentucky 4.8 13.9 55.6 25.8 Tennessee 5.8 17.8 05.4 11.0 Alabama 5.1 21.1 64.6 9.2 Mississippi 5.3 27.3 53.7 13.6 West South Central: Arkansas 5.3 29.5 53.9 11.3 Louisiana 4.4 16.4 66.1 13.1 Oklahoma 4.3 15.3 72.3 8.0 Texas 4.4 15.5 72.8 7.3 Mountain: Montana 3.1 16.3 73.6 7.0 Idaho 5.2 29.1 52.5 13.2 Wyoming 5.6 37.2 46.6 10.6 Colorado 4.9 17.4 70.2 7.5 New Mexico 5.4 36.8 46.3 11.5 Arizona 1.9 13.4 81.7 3.0 U tah 3.6 15.5 76.1 4.8 Nevada 3.4 17.9 75.5 3.2 Pacific: Washington 5.0 25.4 60.1 9.6 Oregon 4.9 24.2 61.6 9.3 California 4.8 17.7 68.3 9.2 ENGINES AND POWER. Summary for United States: 1909, 1904, and 1899. — The following table shows for all industries combined the number of engines or motors employed by manu- facturing concerns and their horsepower at the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. The figures for the total primary power used exclude duphcations and represent the primary power of engines, water wheels, etc., owned by the manufacturing establishments themselves plus the electric or other power rented from outside concerns. A separate presentation is made of the number and horsepower of electric motors operated by current generated within the establish- ments, which, of course, as it represents secondary power, is not included in the totals. This item plus the electric power rented makes up the total for electric powder, which is shown separately. Table 31 POWER. NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. PER CENT DISTRIBUTION OF HORSEPOWER. 1909 1901 1899 1909 1901 1899 1909 1904 1899 Primary power, total 408,472 231,363 168,143 18,675,376 13,487,707 10,097,893 100.0 100.0 100.0 209,163 169, 774 168, 143 16,802,706 12,854,805 9,778,418 90.0 95.3 96.8 Steam 153,525 34,356 20,079 1,203 127, 267 21,515 130,710 14,334 23,099 (') 14,199,339 /51,186 10,825,348 289,423 1,641,949 8,139,579 134,742 76.0 80.3 80.6 4.0 2.1 1.3 Water wheels 19,595 1,397 1,807; 439 15,449 1,454,112 9.7 12.2 14.4 Water motors 5; 931 92, 154 (') 49,985 319,475 0. 1 (^) 0.7 0) 0.5 29; 293 1,872,670 0.2 Rented 199,309 61,589 (') 632,902 10.0 4.7 3.2 Electric 199,309 61,589 (') 1,749,031 123,639 441,589 182,562 136,913 9.4 3.3 1.8 Other 19i;313 0.7 1.4 1.4 Electric motors 388,854 134,708 16,891 4,817,140 1,592,476 492,936 100.0 100.0 100.0 Run by current generated by establishment 189,545 199,309 73,119 61,589 16,891 (‘) 3,068,109 1,749,031 1,150,886 441,589 310,374 182,562 63.7 72.3 63.0 36.3 27.7 37.0 I Not reported. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The total horsepower of manufacturing establish- ments was 18,675,376 in 1909, as compared with 13,487,707 in 1904 and 10,097,893 in 1899. In 1909, 90 per cent of the horsepower was that of engines or motors owned by the manufacturing establishments themselves, and 10 per cent was rented power, mostly electric. Especially striking is the increase in the use of gas engines and of electric power, both that rented 472 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES from outside concerns and that generated by tlie manu- facturing concerns tliemselvcs. The total liorsepower of electric motors in 1899, including both those oper- ated by purchased current and those oj)erated by current generated in the establishment, was 492,936; in 1909 it was 4,817,140, or nearly ten times as great. The practice of renting electric power is rapidly becom- ing more common among small establislunents and even among large establishments, while the large concerns more and more tend to use electric motors for the purpose of applying the power which they themselves generate. The amount of water power owned by manufactur- ing establishments shows only a comparatively moder- ate rate of increase during the decade, but not a little of the electric power rented by manufacturers is gener- ated in the first instance by utilizing water power. Horsepower, by leading industries. — The following table shows, for the 43 leading industries, the amount of each of the several kinds of power used in 1909: Table 33 INDUSTRY. AU industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operationsof railroad companies. Chemicals Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Cotton goods, including cotton small wares Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Hosiery and knit goods Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil, cottonseed, and cake Paint and varnish Paper and wood pulp Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations Petroleum, refining Printing and publishing Silk and silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, copper Smelting and refining, lead Sugar and molasses, not including beet sugar Tobacco manufactures Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries Total horse- power (excluding duplica- tion). OWNED BY ESTABUSHMENTS REPORTING — RENTED. ELECTRIC MOTORS. Steam engines. Gas engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Other. Electric motors. Other. Total. 1 Run by current generated by estab- lishment. 18,675,376 14,199,339 751,186 1,807,439 15,449 29,293 1,749,031 123,639 4,817,140 3,068,109 100,601 71,394 4,433 8,387 3 500 15,684 200 38,905 23,221 75,550 39,325 7,000 287 27,641 1,297 41,829 14,18S 96,302 60,772 3; 532 2,798 17 17,381 11,802 32,381 15,000 106, 120 78, 101 4,890 3,370 4 18, 399 1,356 33, 462 15,063 65,298 25,506 8,166 251 83 3 31, 160 129 39,795 8,635 101,349 90,802 3,373 1,403 62 131 5,366 212 8,276 2,910 81,179 70,362 4,519 304 34 30 5,469 401 8,728 3,259 126,032 82,911 13, 120 4,604 63 17 24, 969 348 39, 424 14,455 293,361 254,942 3,140 138 312 898 33,786 145 161,288 127, 502 97, 797 89,123 1, 148 370 700 6,456 61,060 54,604 208, 604 103, 273 1,147 10, 913 153 215 92,057 846 156, 699 64,642 42, 725 16,003 5,259 1,335 45 6 18,816 1,261 22, 894 4,078 22,294 4, 112 1,958 190 16 15, 175 843 16,085 910 35,870 25,090 1,408, 8 12 8,607 745 16, 983 8,376 62,366 34,650 8,572 416 4 5 17, 898 821 30, 771 12, 873 1,296,517 869,838 2,812 302, 288 736 7,363 108,512 4, 968 235, 902 127,390 158, 768 99,883 0,753 1,078 36 14 50,045 959 164,540 114,495 853, 584 473,303 62,681 259, 138 4,993 208 49.901 3,300 67,066 17, 165 869,305 546,200 96, 966 18,341 361 2,754 192, 977 11,700 623, 914 430,937 221,451 184,425 5,830 6,743 105 612 20,420 3,316 43,252 22, 832 128,350 115,332 7,128 2,755 59 182 2,723 171 17, 336 14,613 103, 709 74, 560 1,235 12,015 23 200 13,286 2,390 25,485 12, 199 1, 173 422 1,033,033 125,230 294 15 14,850 135, 143 120,293 2, 100,978 1,955,346 79,391 5,829 1,500 58; 797 115 716, 609 657', 812 28, 148 10, 028 1,381 1,337 36 14,946 420 16, 663 1,717 148, 140 131,311 7,231 1,546 10 140 6,487 1,415 35, 919 29,432 46, 120 44,623 321 252 150 708 66 3,786 3,078 347, 726 330, 705 1,261 116 224 1,065 14. 190 165 66,519 52,329 2, 840, 082 2,587, 487 38, 628 139, 392 1,111 836 62,200 10, 428 130, 707 68, 507 187,680 132, 230 10, 874 9,4.51 167 241 32,062 2,655 53, 748 21,686 192,342 183, 440 1,674 12.5 50 189 6,394 470 10,855 4,461 56, 162 42, 166 3,290 2,004 2 25 7,814 861 17, 037 9,223 1,304,265 469, 089 0,675 785,961 2, 185 275 38,610 1,470 130, 120 91,510 25,659 15,938 1,712 250 14 121 6,882 742 11,175 4,293 90, 268 83, 707 5,870 378 28 285 8,808 8, 780 297, 763 59,240 32, 152 600 1,720 94 197, 692 6,265 229, 312 31,020 97,947 72,059 1,277 8, 3&3 10,354 5,874 23, 758 13,404 208, 707 190; 636 2,208 30 16 30 15,047 '740 78, 677 63,030 158 126 114 862 1, 107 12,725 19 29,413 55,229 25,816 26 954 23,090 35 3^829 12, 166 8, 337 160 603 158 682 395 210 1,316 18, 730 17,414 28,514 21,929 795 243 2 7 5; 307 171 11; 203 5,836 362, 209 201,304 2,077 78,909 341 13, 7811 5,735 79,223 65,440 3,046,423 2,868,395 172, 532 122,808 2,439 10,163 431,534 38,552 1,085, 678 654, 144 ' Includes the horsejwwer of motors run by rented current and also of those run by current generated by the establishment. This table shows very wide differences among the industries with respect to the relative importance of the several kinds of power. These differences are due partly to differences in the geographic location of the industries, which alFect the character of power avail- able, and partly to differences in the character of machinery used, which affect the adaptability of the different kinds of power. The power developed by the use of gas engines represents a larger proportion of the total power employed in establishments engaged in the manu- facture of carriages and wagons, flour mills and grist- mills, foundries and machine shops, blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, lumber mills, and print- ing and publishing establishments than in any of the other industries listed. The largest absolute amount of power derived from gas engines is reported for the blast furnaces, and the next largest for the foundries and machine shops. A very large proportion of the total power derived from water wheels is used in four industries, namely, the manufacture of cotton goods, (lour mills and grist- 473 STATES, CTTIES, AND INDUSTRIES. mills, the lumber and timber jiroducts industry, and the manufacture of paper and wood ])ulp. In the last-mentioned industry the horsepower developed by water wheels amounts to 785,961, about 60 per cent of the total power used in that industry. The extent to wliich electric motors are utilized in applying the power employed varies considerably in the different industries. In a considerable number of industries the electric power, including that gen- erated by the manufacturing establisliments them- selves and that rented from other concerns, is equal to more than one-half of the total primary power. These industries are the manufacture of automobiles, bread and other bakery products, the construction of steam-railroad cars, the repair shops of steam- railroad companies, the chemical industry, the making of men’s and of women’s clothing, the manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, the foundry and macliine-shop industry, the manufacture of leather goods, and the printing and publishing industry. In the electrical-machinery industry the horsepower of electric motors installed is greater than the total primary power; this may be accounted for by reason of the provision of motors for the operation of machinery which is not in constant use. The largest absolute amount of electric power is reported by the steel works and rolling mills, and the next largest, by the foundries and machine shops. In the former the electric power is equal to a little over one-third of the total amount of primary power and in the latter to nearly three- fourths. Horsepower, by states: 1909. — Table 33 shows, by states grouped according to geographic divisions, the amount of each of the several kinds of power used in manufacturing industries in 1909. The rank of the states with respect to the amount of power used in manufacturing industries is some- what different from that with respect to value of products and other leading items in the statistics of manufactures. Although New York ranks first among the states in most of the leading items, Penn- sylvania outranks it in respect to the amount of power used in manufacturing industries. New York stands second, Ohio third, Massachusetts fourth, and Illinois fifth. The relative total amount of power used is largely dependent upon the character of the industries predominant in each division or state. The relative extent to winch the different kinds of power are used in the several divisions and states is also dependent in part upon the character of the industries and in part upon the situation of each state with reference to supplies of coal, petroleum, and gas, and with reference to the availability of water power. In every division — in fact in every state, except Maine and Vermont — steam engines are the most im- portant source of power. The proportion winch power generated by gas engines represents of the total power is larger in the East North Central division than in any other division, partly on account of the ])roximity of gas wells. The Middle Atlantic states rank next in the proportion of the total power which is developed by gas engines. With resf)ect to power obtained from water wheels owned by the manufacturing establish- ments, New England ranks far ahead of the other divi- sions both in the absolute amount of power and in the proportion which water power represents of the total. More than two-fifths of the total power derived from water wheels owned by manufacturing establishments is found in New England, and more than one-fourth of the total power utilized by the factories of New England is derived from water wheels. The Middle Atlantic division ranks next in this respect. The largest absolute amounts of power utilized by means of electric motors (including both those operated by pur- chased current and those operated by current generated in the establishment) are reported from the Middle Atlantic division, the East North Central division, and New England, in the order named, and in these three divisions also the proportion which electric power rep- resents of the total is unusually large, no very great difference appearing among the three divisions in tins respect. The proportion of electric power is also liigh in the Mountain, Pacific, and West North Central divisions. The individual states which lead in the use of gas engines to develop power are Pennsylvania, Indiana, Oliio, New York, Ilhnois, Kansas, and New Jersey, in the order named. The absolute amount of power of this character is greatest in Pennsylvania, and the pro- portion winch such power represents of the total power used is greatest in Indiana. The power derived from water wheels owned by manufacturing establishments is greater in New York than in any other state, but the proportion which such power represents of the total power is greatest in Maine. Other leading states in respect to the absolute amount of such water power are Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Hampsliire, Ver- mont, Connecticut, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Oregon, Virginia, North Carolina, and Miclugan; the leading states in respect to the proportion which it represents of the total power are Vermont, New Hampsliire, Oregon, Wisconsin, New York, Minnesota, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Virginia, and Montana. In the absolute amount of electric power utilized for manufacturing, Pennsylvania leads and is followed by New York, Oliio, Massachusetts, Illinois, Inchana, and New Jersey, in the order named. With respect to the proportion wliich electric power represents of the total Nevada ranks first, and is followed by California, Utah, Illinois, New York, Montana, Arizona, Indiana, and Massachusetts in the order named. In Nevada the power of electric motors forms 54.1 per cent and in California 40.3 per cent of the total power reported for these states. 474 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES Table :i:i DIVISION AND STATE. Total horse- power (excluding dupl ica- tion). OWNED BY ESTABLISHMENTS REPORTING— RENTED. ELECTRIC MOTORS. Steam engines. Gas engines. Water wheels. Water motors. Other. Electric motors. Other. Total.' Run by current generated by estab- lishment. United States 18,675,376 14,199,339 751,186 1,807,439 15,449 29,293 1,749,031 123,639 4,817,140 3,068,109 Gisogkapiiic divisions: New Kngland 2,715,121 1,050,911 41,801 753,920 3,412 2,055 218,642 38,380 003, 143 444,501 Middle Atlantic 5,531,502 4,151,662 274,274 406,541 3,947 11,730 568,723 54,019 1,737,230 1,168,513 Kast North Central 4,382,070 3,491,418 283,450 200,393 2,048 4,766 375,876 18,119 1,297,447 921,571 West North Central 1,101,990 818,988 57,434 82,791 3,539 939 115,002 3,297 266,534 151,532 South Atlantic 1,832,001 1,431,423 30,441 182,070 1,082 5,321 171,146 4,512 343,393 172,247 Hast South Central 1,036,500 953,511 12,270 29,040 275 1,090 38,580 1,194 108,409 69,829 West South Central 873,350 805,640 29,291 3,060 48 2,513 31,807 991 78,893 47,086 Mountain 400, 7C6 306,780 4,188 21,345 198 224 66,'956 1,069 113,984 47,028 Pacific 802,010 503,000 12,037 02,273 900 49 162,299 1,458 208, 101 45,802 New England: Maine 459,599 168,595 3,933 256,480 1,912 179 27,203 1,297 54,266 27,063 New Hampshire 293,991 139, 128 1,238 127, 490 521 30 21,209 4,375 45,351 24,142 Vermont 159,445 64,252 2, 100 78,881 181 415 12,917 039 21,233 8,316 Massachusetts 1,175,071 834,701 18,320 185,996 520 895 109,990 24,037 402,492 292,496 Khode Island 226, 740 175,293 3,300 31,376 41 39 13,697 2,994 42, 130 28,433 Connecticut 400,275 274, 942 12,844 73,697 237 497 33,020 4,438 97,671 64,051 Middle Atlantic: New York 1,997,662 1,080,877 99,899 394,221 1,397 3,583 389,945 27,740 689,976 300,031 New Jersey 612,293 529,668 20,867 18,558 1,118 180 33, 157 8,745 182,475 149,318 Pennsylvania 2,921,547 2,541,117 153,508 53,762 1,432 7,973 145,621 18, 134 864,785 719,164 East North Central: Ohio 1,583, 155 1,362,134 103,801 15,777 330 1,586 93,592 5,935 417,844 324,252 Indiana 633,377 448,528 109, 105 7,446 447 599 65,548 1,704 233, 193 167,645 Illinois 1,013,071 838,199 37,025 12, 178 513 1,433 117,007 6,716 398,621 281,614 Michigan 598,288 405,520 13,988 41,442 577 16 74,270 2,475 133,064 58,794 Wisconsin 554, 179 377,037 19,531 129,550 181 1,132 25,459 1,289 114,725 89,266 West North Central: Minnesota 297, 070 199,777 7,174 50,631 2,939 25 30,297 827 52,212 21,915 Iowa 155, 3?4 121,882 8,025 6,326 85 147 18,4a3 456 40,736 22,273 Missouri 340,467 280,489 11,159 3,532 206 5 44,056 1,020 100, 941 62,885 North Dakota 13,196 10,170 1,304 530 1,164 28 1,698 534 South Dakota . . 17,666 12,257 2,784 927 12 1,683 3 2; 084 401 Nebraska 64,406 44,806 4,408 7,361 75 76 7,530 210 15,942 8,412 Kansas 213,141 169,607 22,580 7,484 222 686 11,809 753 46,921 35,112 South Atlantic: Delaware 52,779 42,266 766 5,183 12 4,502 50 17,910 13,408 Maryland 218,244 181,326 5,736 11,953 121 1,069 17,108 931 44,921 27,813 District of Columbia 16,563 12, 169 1,073 775 43 2,433 70 4,527 2,094 Virginia 283,928 221,303 3,664 45, 122 33 38 13,356 412 42,043 28,687 217,496 184.591 16,705 10,546 71 5,330 253 28,543 23,213 North Carolina 378,556 271,944 2,356 41,619 307 1,035 00,044 1,251 86,002 25,958 South Carolina 270,378 193,052 1,264 38,422 75 2,400 41,130 35 67,620 26,490 Georgia 298,241 240,264 3,380 28,288 460 536 23,890 1,423 44,264 20,374 Florida 89,816 84,508 1,497 168 3 200 3,353 87 7,563 4,210 East South Central: Kentucky 230,224 207,591 4,724 5,320 57 915 11,314 303 31,208 19,954 Tennessee 242,277 215,338 1,853 9,670 107 4 14,666 639 29,586 14,920 Alabama 357,837 328,275 4,016 13,812 111 732 10,104 187 39,928 29,824 206, 222 202,307 1,077 238 39 2, 490 65 7,627 5,131 West South Central: Arkansas 173,088 108, 152 1,374 639 35 52 2,581 255 7,417 4,836 Louisiana 340, 052 331,370 3,496 65 10 2,401 9,077 233 27, 139 18,002 Oklahoma 71,139 56, 643 8,076 470 2 5,281 67 7,887 2,606 Texas 282,471 249,475 15,745 1,886 1 60 14,808 436 36,450 21,582 Mountain: 90,402 49,654 223 13,583 03 26,504 375 27,301 797 Idaho 42.804 35,529 242 2,403 4 4,000 20 8,409 3,803 7,628 6, 467 182 456 9 514 801 287 Colorado 154,615 135,645 1,404 1,377 49 105 15,874 101 35,944 20,070 15,465 11,781 365 74 3,245 4,580 1,341 39,140 34, 193 1,285 129 19 3,314 200 15, 100 11,786 Utah 42,947 28,984 226 2,920 71 100 10,592 48 15,402 4,810 Nevada 7,705 4,533 201 397 2 2,307 325 0,441 4,134 I'ACTnc: Washington 297,897 257,230 1,494 7,842 223 19 30,951 138 43,615 12.664 175,019 112,244 428 47,041 397 14,811 98 20,802 5,991 California 329, 100 193,526 10,115 7,390 280 30 110,5.37 1,222 143,684 27, 147 ■ Includes the horsepower of motors run by rented current and also of those run by current generated by the ostabllshincnt. 475 STATES, CUTES, AND INDUSTRIES. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA REGARDING IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES. (With statistics tor laundries and custom sawmills and gristmills.) For certain industries the Census Bureau collects, by means of special schedules, details regarding the quan- tity and value of materials and products and other information for securing which no provision is made on the general schedule. Data of this character are here presented for a number of important industries. As far as possible the statistics are grouped according to the character of the finished products. The statistics in each table relate to the United States as a whole, not mcluding Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, or other outl 3 ''ing possessions. FOOD AND B3NDRED PRODUCTS. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — The following table presents statistics for the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry. The figures cover only the manufacture of the factory ‘products. The statistics for this class of products made on farms are not avail- able for 1909; in 1899, however, 1,071,620,056 jiounds of butter and 16,372,318 pounds of cheese were made on farms, of which 518,042,767 pounds of butter and 14,692,542 pounds of cheese were sold. The value of the factory products of this industry more than doubled during the period 1899-1909. Condensed milk, for which the ratio of increase was highest, nearly trebled in value, while butter more than doubled. Since 1899 the increase in prices has been quite })ronounced in tliis industry, as shown by the fact that the butter product increased 113.5 per cent in value and only 48.7 per cent in quantity, and the output of cheese 63 per cent in value and only 10.3 per cent in quantity. As shown by the note to the table, considerable quantities of butter, cheese, and condensed milk were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Table 34 1909 1904 1899 1909 19W 1899 MATERIALS. PRODUCTS— continued . Total cost $235,546,064 $142,920,277 $108,841,200 Cheese — Continued. Milk; Skimmed — 9,888,727,303 $118,675,613 12,147,304,550 $99,729, 745 11,678,082,821 $91,256,436 7,770,812 $429, 519 3,459,582 $148,568 (■) 0 ) Value Cream: other kinds— 1,406,143,908 588,186,471 203, 673, 958 $8,154,068 5.441.730 74,032,656 $6,438,339 56,196,219 $5, 156, 352 '$95,025,507 $28,371,040 Value $805,332 Skimmed milk: Condensed milk: 56,974,760 $110, 469 36,071,335 (■) 0 ) Pounds 494,796,544 $33, 563, 129 308,485,182 186,921,787 $11,888,792 $59,398 Value $20, 149 ; 282 Sugar: Sweetened— 78,457,978 $3,674, 174 67,810,031 $3,315,892 50,873,859 $2, 589, 687 Pounds 214,518,310 $17,345,278 198,355,189 $13,478,376 (‘) (‘) Value U nsweetened — $18,060,301 $11,444,202 $6,841,009 Pounds 280,278,234 $16,217,851 110,129,993 $6, 670, 906 (') (*) PRODUCTS. Cream sold; Pounds 81,211,374 28,131,914 $2,3M,407 61,764,552 $4,435,444 Total value 2 $274,557,718 3 $168,182,789 $130,783,349 $ 9 ; 828, 972 Butter: Skimmed milk sold; 624,764,653 $179, 510, 619 531,478, 141 $113,189, 453 420,126.546 352, 594, .574 $629, 135 1,161,414,4.57 $1,368,738 2,253,494,156 $2,531,460 $84,079,754 Packed solid— Casein dried from skimmed milk; Pounds 410,692,616 364, 432, 996 $74,483,306 328,956,590 $63,961,893 Pounds 13,018.298 $795, 644 11,581,874 12. 298, 405 Value $ 115 ; 098, 056 $554,099 $383, 581 Prints and rolls — Pounds 214,072,037 $64,412,563 167,045,145 $38,706,147 91,169,956 $20,117,861 All other products $6, 990,395 $1,945,050 $944, 489 Value Cheese: EQUIPMENT. Pounds 311,126,317 $43,239,924 317,144,872 $28, 611,760 281,972,324 $26,519,829 Value 5,624 8,842 9,701 Full cream — Pounds 287,110,383 $40,817,073 10,803,392 $1,188,000 Value 1 239,652,634 1 $22,024,853 225, 776, 105 $21,363,477 Part cream- pounds Value 1 1 Not reported separately. 2 In addition, 2,381,212 pounds of butter, to the value of $664,171; 49,413 pounds of part cream cheese, to the value of $5,745; 401,300 pounds of condensed milk, to the value of $24,078; and other dairy products to the value of $25,3^ were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 8 In addition, 1,971,120 pounds of butter, to the value of $448,729, and other dairy products to the value of $71,588 were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Canning and preserving. — Table 35 includes statis- tics for establishments engaged in the various branches of the canning industry and also for those manufac- turing pickles, preserves, and sauces. The table does not include meats and other products canned in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments (see Table 38). The total value of all classes of products of canning and preserving establishments in 1909 was $157,101,201 and in 1899, $99,335,464, the increase for the decade being 58.2 per cent. Of the two groups of products listed separately in the table, fruits and vegetables show the largest ratio of increase in value from 1899 to 1909, 88.3 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS - MANUFACTURES. 476 ])er cent. Fish and oysters show an increase of 47 })er cent. 'Fhe statistics for dried fruits cover the product of fruit diyiti" and packing estahlislinients wliicli buy the fruit or do drying and packing for otliers, and of cooperative associations, hut do not include fruits dried by the grower on the farm. Tlie hulk of the product is from California, the value of the factory dried-fruit product of that state in 1909 being $16,137,716, or 81.3 per cent of the total value of this class of products. Table 35 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value 1 $157,101,201 2 $130,465,976 $99,335,464 Fruits and vegetables. Value $84, 347, 783 $72, 998, 756 $44, 802, 665 Canned vegetables: Cases 32, 752,469 29,579,010 19. 323, 730 Value $51,568,914 $45, 610, 993 $28, 734, 598 Tomatoes— Cases 12, 909, 986 9,411,084 8, 700, 538 Value $18, 747, 941 $14,020, 846 $13,606, 500 Com — Cases 7, 451,265 11,209,597 6,336, 984 Value $10,332, 136 $15, 952, 386 $8, 191, 383 Peas— Cases 5, 901,703 4,694,492 2, 543, 722 Value $10. 247, 363 $7,928, 791 $4, 405, 073 Beans — Cases 3, 392, 864 2,588,015 1.493,517 Value $6, 013, 098 .$4, 133, 810 $2, 025, 123 Asparagus— Cases 228, 559 Value $1, 975, 775 m Pumpkins— 240, 557 Cases 440, 303 138,078 Value $576, 043 $346,497 $202, 404 Sweet potatoes — Cases 347, 286 lO'1, 997 83.520 Value $531,651 $284, 385 $124, 245 All other— Cases 2, 080, 503 1,230,874 27,305 Value $3, 144, 907 $2, 944, 278 $59, 210 Canned fruits: Cases 5, 501,404 4,628,241 4,467,817 $11,311,062 Value $12, 938, 474 $11,722,979 Peaches— Cases 1,467,213 1,304,807 1,449,350 Value $3,753,698 $3, 902, 441 $4, 283, 105 Apples— Cases 1,205, 724 490,341 645, 702 Value $1, 898, 720 $738, 013 $1, 125, 119 Apricots — Cases 630, 185 539,815 531, 048 Value $1,825,311 $1,041,919 $1,583, 252 Pears— Cases 637, 782 7.89, 130 672, 485 Value $1,833,214 $2, 192,910 $2, 188, 201 Berries — Cases 815,851 489, 637 000,419 Value $1, 754, 927 $1,058, 659 $1, 092, 975 Cherries— Cases 390, 351 319,350 114,307 Value $1,019,013 $825, 522 $307, 788 All other — Cases 354, 280 695,111 453, 780 Value $853,591 $1,303,515 $730, 562 Dried fruits: Pounds 400, 328, 767 343, 579, 623 85, 439, 400 Value $19, 840, 395 $15, 004, 784 $4, 757, 005 Raisins — ' Pounds 111,774,767 121,409,881 14,984,221 Value $4,837,933 $6, 349,381 $1,002, 208 Pmnes — Pounds 138,498, 490 117,808, 181 25, 413, 763 Value $5, 130,412 $3, 299, 628 $970, 927 Apples — Pounds 44, 568, 244 40, 737, 089 .33, 212, 309 Value $3, 098, 095 $1,758,010 $1,900, 042 Peaches— Pounds 46, 843, 391 2.5,861,074 5, 602, 390 Value $2, 423, 083 $1,702, 205 $312,495 Apricots — Pounds 29,205,569 19, 559, 573 $1,410, 838 5,405,217 Value $2, 277, 177 $455, 394 All other— Pounds 29, 438, 306 18, 203, 825 701,509 Value $2,073,095 $1, 144, 122 $49,270 Table 35— Cont’d. PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Fish and oysters. Value $27,648,289 $22,194, 636 $18,807,642 Canned fish and oysters: Rounds 235,418,713 $17, 573,311 207, 077, 97G Value $ 13 ; 531 ; 786 $12,8(i8,S72 Salmon — Rounds 99, 831, 528 $8, 723, 505 48, 128, 926 $4,251, 387 62, 662, 792 $5, 079, 324 Value Sardines: Rounds 90,694,284 $4, 931, 831 87, 224, 524 $4,380,498 44,951,244 $4, 212, 351 Value Oysters— Rounds 28, 192, 392 $2, 443, 101 59,249 043 (‘) $2, 054, 800 Value $ 3 , 799,412 All other— Pounds 16, 700, 509 $1, 474, 814 12, 475, 483 $1, 100, 489 9, 625, 825 $922, 097 Value Smoked fish: Pounds 39, 814, 989 $2, 900,417 30,617,904 $2, 528, 240 21, 108,066 $957, 741 Value Herring— Pounds 21,369, 856 19,737, 537 $631,352 12, 576, 429 $330, 590 Value $93i; 611 Salmon— Pounds 6, 8.36, 099 $950, 540 6, 833, 560 $831, 184 1, 975, 647 $136, 331 Value Finnan haddie — Pounds 4,513, 222 3, 014, 100 $174, 234 1, 360, 600 $75,360 Value $304', 020 All other— Pounds 7. 095, 812 $713,640 7, 032, 047 $891, 470 5, 195, 490 $415, 460 Value Salted fish: Pounds 128,539,299 $7, 174,501 111,728,605 $0, 134,609 117,780,031 $4, 981, 229 Cod— Pounds 49, 494, 338 $3, 077, 612 48, 757, 819 $3, 013, 320 04,731,210 $3, 081, 045 Value Mackerel — 9.045, 469 8, 326, 566 $078, 326 10, 458,313 $662,008 $740; 513 Herring— Pounds 21,718, 467 $461, 287 15,824, 192 $409,223 13, 933, 426 $332, 220 Value Haddock- Pounds 7, 873, 156 $319, 248 4. 737, 975 G. 927, 919 $2i3; 394 $ 197 ; 300 All other— 40, 407, 809 $2, 575, 901 34,082,113 $1,820,346 21, 729, 163 $708, 596 A U other products, including pickles, pre- serves, and sauces. Value $45, 105, 129 $35,272,585 $35,725,257 ' In addition , products to the value of $5,423,199 were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, as follows: Number. V alue. $5, 423, 199 Canned vegetables cases. . Canned fruits cases.. Dried fruits pounds. . Canned fish pounds . . Smoked fish iiounds. . Salted fish pounds. . 769,017 27, 474 1,007,033 531,054 924,785 4,630, 322 1,714,909 76,964 53,159 19,049 38,841 143,540 3,376, 137 ^ In addition, 140,293 cases of fniits and vegetables, to the value of $288,138; 1,847,025 poundsof fish, to the value of $274,403; and oysters, to the value of $12,900, were canned and preserved by establishments engaged primarily in Uie manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 3 Not reported separately. < Not reported. Flour-mill and gristmill products. — Table 36 presents statistics for flour-mills and gristmills, hut does not include data for establishments engaged ex- clusively in custom grhnling (see table on p. 513). The total quantity of all kinds of grain milled in 1909 was 806,247,961 bushels, as compared with 729,061,820 hushcls in 1899, an increase of 10.6 per cent. The largest increases were in wheat and corn, 477 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTJilES. the former showing a gain of about 25,000,000 bushels and the latter a gain of about 29,000,000 bushels. The increase in the value of all products of Hour mills and gristmills for the period 1899-1909 was 76.2 per cent. This gain was due mainly to advances in price, for the increases in quantity were relatively much smaller. 'The value of the wheat Hour produced increased 64.7 per cent, but its quantity only 6 per cent, while the production of rye Hour increased 54 per cent in value and only 6.2 per cent in quantity. The figures in the table indicate that higher unit values prevailed for all classes of products during 1909 than during the two prior census years. For the decade as a whole the percentage of increase in cost of materials, which constitutes by far the greater J part of the value of products, was, however, even 1 higher than that in value of products. Table 36 1909 1901 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $767,576,479 $619,971,161 $428,116,757 Grain ground or milled, bushels 806, 247, 961 754,945,729 729,061,820 Wheat 496,480,314 494, 095, 083 178,217,321 471,306,986 Corn 209,281,237 180,573,076 Rye 11,503,969 11,480,370 10, 088, 381 Buckwheat 7, 156, 002 6,531,305 5, 490, 156 Barley 24,509, 770 18,628,552 10,067,348 Oats 50, 241, 598 45,381,009 47, 175, 766 Other •. 7, 075, on 612, 089 4, 360, 107 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $883,584,405 2 $713,033,395 $501,396,304 Wheat flour: Barrels 105, 756, 645 104,013,278 99, 763, 777 Value $550,116,254 $480,258,514 $333, 997, 686 White— Barrels 105, 321, 969 $548, 017, 654 103,608,350 (*) Value $478, 484, 601 (^) Graham — Barrels 434, 676 404, 928 (^) Value $2, 098, 600 $1,773,913 (’) Rye flour: Barrels 1, 532, 139 1,503,100 1,443,339 Value $6, 383,538 $5, 892, 108 $4,145,565 Buckwheat flour: Pounds 176,081,891 175,3.54,002 143,190,724 Value $4, 663, 561 $4,379,359 $3, 190, 152 Barley meal: Pounds 28,550,952 68. 508, 655 91,275,646 Value $486, 000 $922,884 $963,710 Com meal and corn flour: Barrels 21, M2, 737 23, 624, 693 27,838,811 $52, 167, 739 Value $66,941,095 $56, 36$, 556 Hominy and grits: Pounds 827, 987, 702 756,861,398 291,726,145 Value $12, 509, 493 $8, 455, 420 $2,567,084 Feed: Tons (2,000 pounds) 5, 132, 369 3, 456, 786 3,993,080 Value $140, 541, 915 $76, 096, 127 $63,011,421 Offal: Tons (2,000 pounds) 4,104,042 4, 468, 626 3,164,408 Value $89, 814, 427 $76,105,532 $36, 679, 196 All other cereal products— “breakfast foods,” oatmeal, rolled oats, etc $4, 720, 106 (^) e) All other products $7,408,016 $4, 554, 895 $4,673,751 ■ In addition, merchant-ground products, valued at $1,637,228, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The items covered by this amount were wheat flour, 105,477 barrels, valued at $014,952; corn meal, 32,804 barrels, valued at $87,507; rye flour, 2,620 barrels, valued at $12,330; feed, 33,765 tons, valued at $907,165; and offal, 627 tons, valued at $15,274; and in addition, “breakfast foods,” to the value of $36,978,613, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of food preparations. See note to table on page 513, for custom ground by-products. 2 In addition, “ breakfast foods,” to the value of $23,904,952, wore made by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of food preparations. 3 Not reported separately. Rice, cleaning and polishing. — The following table presenting statistics for the cleaning and polishing of rice includes the quantity of rice milled, whether on a custom or exchange basis or in merchant mills. In 1909 there were 974,747,475 pounds of rice treated, as compared with 398,602,018 pounds in 1899, an increase of 144.5 per cent. The amount for 1909, however, was a little less than that for 1904. In 1909 there were only 3,873,735 pounds of foreign rough rice treated, as against 39,414,459 pounds in 1899. At- tention is called to the fact that in 1909 whole rice formed 76.3 per cent of the total quantity of cleaned rice and broken rice 23.7 per cent, whereas in 1904 whole rice formed 65.9 per cent and broken rice 34.1 per cent of the cleaned-rice product. Table 37 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Rough rice milled, pounds 974,747,475 999,727,650 398,602,018 ) lomestic 970,873,740 990,473,625 359, 187,559 Foreign 3,873, 735 9,254,025 39,414,459 PRODUCTS. Total value I $22, 371, 457 $16,296,916 $8,723,726 Clean rice: Pounds 026,089,489 023, 900, 245 243,031,200 Value $20, 085, 982 $15,357, 133 (^) Whole — Pounds 477,589,004 411,208,943 (“) Value $17,398,736 $12,077,124 (2) Broken — Pounds 148,500,485 212,691,302 (“) Value $3,287,246 $3,280,009 (“) Polish: Pounds 29,821,813 33,290,331 15,1.34,648 Value $362,052 $267, 647 m Bran: Pounds 91,208,529 120, 694, 130 69,265,012 Value $736,215 $501, 193 (^) Hulls and waste $106,147 $116,300 (n All other products $421,061 $54,583 (=) > In addition, 48,150 pounds of clean rice, valued at $1,449, were produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Slaughtering and meat packing. — Table 38 presents statistics for the wholesale slaughtering and meat- packing industry. It includes the manufacture of sausage when done in connection with slaughtering or meat packing or when carried on in independent establishments, but it does not include the rendering of lard in independent establishments or the opera- tions of retail butchers. The cost of all materials reported for the industry was $1,202,827,784 in 1909 and $685,310,099 in 1899, an increase of 75.5 per cent. The total value of products increased from $788,367,647 in 1899 to $1,370,568,101 in 1909, or 73.8 per cent. A portion of the dressed meat reported as material was obtained from slaughtering establishments in- cluded in the tabulation, and therefore is duplicated in the total value of products. On account of the higher prices in 1909, the per- centages of increase in value from 1899 to 1909 for the different kinds of products are somewhat greater than the percentages of increase in quantity. This is 478 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES espocially marker! in the case of pork, which shows an increase of only 16,421,398 pounds, or less than 1 per cent, from 1899 to 1909, while tlie value of the product increased $1 66,376,042, or 51.9 percent. The quantity of lard increased 223,785,765 pounds, or 21.9 per cent, while its value increased S73,256,353, or 119.8 per cent. Table 38 11M)9 1904 1899 MATEICFALS. Total cost $1,202,827,784 $811,425,562 $685,310,099 Animals slaughtered $960, 725, 581 $075,893,670 $.570, 183,432 lloeves Number 8,114,860 $392, 127,010 7.147,835 5,525,824 Cost $289,040,930 $247,146,262 Weiglit, pounds— On tiiG hoof 8,265,991,8.36 7, 485, 407, 944 5,908,165,706 Dressed 4,409,718,922 4,066,264,877 3,222,733,617 Calves - Number 2, .504, 728 $25,030,014 1,. 568, 1.30 88.3,857 Cast $12,065,557 $7,252,545 Weight, pounds— On the hoof 419,604,080 261,683,572 124,354,340 Dressed 262,315,076 161,049,581 79,498,483 Sheep— Number 12, 255, 501 10.875,3.39 9,110,172 Cost $59,924,931 $44,359,804 $36,859,832 tVeight, pounds— On the hoof 987, 566, 521 9.30, 168,367 764,269,802 Dressed 490,640,869 404,872,621 389,132,046 Hogs— Number 33,870,616 30,977.639 30,595,522 Cost $483,383,848 $329,765, 480 $278,370,494 Weight, pounds — On the hoof 6,856,832,417 6,586,349,782 6,670,709,331 Dressed 5,201,902,778 5,048,832,850 5, 203, 280, 487 Goats and kids— Number 33,224 (■) (■) Cost $121,230 (■) (‘) All other $138,548 $61,905 $554, 299 Dressed meat, purchased $93,409,286 $53,114,957 $54,247,986 All other materials $148,692,917 $82,416,929 $60,878,681 PEODUCTS. Total value $1,370,568,101 $922,037,528 $788,367,647 Beef:* Pounds 4,335,674,330 3.884,9.52,074 3,055,241,979 Value $339,742,608 $255, 204, 676 $220,495, 401 Fresh - Pounds 4,209,196,668 3,748,055,377 2,917,653,476 Value $327,583,456 $247,090,724 $210,833,647 Salted or cured — Pounds 126,477,662 136,896,697 137,588,503 Value $12, 159, 152 $8,107,952 $9,661,754 Veal, fresh: Pounds 252,997,078 1.54,212,652 84,548,128 Value $25,058,886 $12,856,369 $7,709,772 Mutton, fresh: Pounds 495,457,894 460,7.54,244 400,812,014 Value $50,735,116 $36,880, 455 $.32,681,457 Pork: * Pounds 4,377,127,187 4,147,834,872 4,360,705,789 Value $486,845, 161 $340,586,644 $320,469,119 Fresh — Pounds 1,547,494,184 1,224,932,910 $91,749, 323 1,222.007,411 V alue $158,714,862 $83,934,324 1909 1904 PEODUCTS— continued . Pork *— Continued . Salted — Pounds 9.52,130,557 $95,959,048 1,558,886,256 Value $116,626,710 Hams— Pounds 789,861,744 V alue $101,089,390 Shoulders— Pounds 346,294,769 1,364,015,706 Value $33,225,458 $132, 210,611 Bacon and sides — Pounds 741,345,933 Value $97,856,403 Sausage, fresh or cured $59,564,582 $33,179,235 All other fresh meat: I’ounds 257,809,083 124,307,681 Value $16,392,768 $9,579,718 Canned goods: Pounds 121,376,837 (') Value $15,345,543 $16,114,665 Lard: Pounds 1,243,567,604 1,169,086,400 Value $134,396,587 $82,540,964 Tallow or oleo stock: Pounds 202,844,139 (’) Value $13,499,659 (') Oleo oil: Gallons 19,692,172 19,454,799 Value $16,475,726 $10,201,911 Other oils: Gallons 11,343,186 4,893,133 Value. $6,350,745 $2, 595, 951 Oleomargarine: Pounds 42,912,466 (') Value $5,963,981 (■) Stearin: Pounds 54,957,997 (') Value $0,871,935 (■) Glue and gelatine: Pounds 27,936,035 17,526,456 $1,087,719 Value $1,944,338 Fertilizers and fertilizer materials: Tons (2, 000 pounds) 362, 136 369,074 Value $8,726,818 $7,204,061 Hides: N umlicr 9, 560, 138 8,039,204 Pounds 504, 563, 930 456,443,857 Value $68,401,515 $44,206, 107 Sheep pelts: Number 11,691,308 11,344,544 Value $11,404,556 $8,964,643 Goat and kid skins: N umber 33,359 (■) Value $20,679 (■) Wool: Poimds 21,858,926 16,377,333 Value $8,, 327, 095 $5,229,521 Amount received for custom or contract work $1,329,739 $198,825 All other products $93,170,064 $5,5,406,064 1899 1,371,384,591 *88,363,629 1,767,313,787 $148,171,166 $25,982,709 80,387,411 $7,810,553 112,443,021 $9,166,931 1,019,781,839 $61, 140, 234 19,111,120 $11,482,542 8,240,569 $3,438,358 ■) 9 168,505 $3,300,042 6,249,414 335,968,207 $33,883,026 (> (‘ (> (‘ 13,176,686 $3,334,439 $141,154 $47,331,910 > Figures not available. * Includes only the products specified. Sugar. — Tables 39, 40, and 41 show the quantity and value of the products made from sugar beets and sugar cane of domestic growth, and the quantity of beets grown and the acreage devoted to this crop. They do not include statistics for maple sugar and sirup, or for sirup produced on farms from sugar and sorghum cane, or the data for establishments engaged primarily in the refining of cane sugar or molasses. The value of products of the domestic beet- sugar and cane-sugar mills amounted to $77,991,683. In 1909 the value of products of the refineries above mentioned aggregated $248,628,659. Of this value the cost of materials, which consist chiefly of raw sugar imported from Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philipjiines, represented 90.9 per cent. The combined value of products of all establishments producing raw or refined sugar was $326,620,342 in 1909. This amount includes some duplication in the case of raw sugar produced by cane miUs and used as material for the refineries. As shown by Tables 39, 40, and 41, the total pro- duction of sugar in 1 909 from beets and cane of domestic growth was 828,540 tons, of which beet sugar consti- tuted 60.6 per cent and cane sugar 39.4 per cent. The output of beet sugar increased more than five- fold in quantity since 1899, while the production of cane sugar, for which statistics for previous censuses can not bo presented in comparable form, has in- creased but slightly. The ion of 2,000 poimds is used in showing (juantitics. STATES, CTTIIOS, AND INDUSTRIES 479 Table 30 PRODUCT. 1909 Tons. Value. Total $77,991,683 48,122,383 29,869,300 828,540 501,082 326,858 72,033,302 45,9.37,629 26,095,073 5.958,381 2, 184, 754 3,773,627 The followiii" table presents the statistics for the beet-sugar industry for the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899: Table 40 1909 1901 1899 Acreage of sugar beets, total planted. 415,964 240,767 135,305 Directly by factory 29, 459 20, 484 10, 239 By tenants of factory 18, 166 20, 223 13, 074 On contract by others than tenants of factory i 368, 339 200,050 111,992 Beets used, tons 3,965,356 2,175,417 794,658 Grown directly by factory 266, 768 169,839 23,241 Grown by tenants of factory 163, 843 210,247 95,071 Grown on contract by others than tenants of factory 3, 534, 745 1,795,331 076,346 PRODUCTS. Total value $48,122,383 $24,393,794 $7,323,857 Sugar; Granulated — Tons 496, 807 248,309 57, 843 Value $45, 645, 810 $23,493,373 $5,580,527 Raw — Tons 4,875 5,612 23, 886 Value $291,819 $431, 229 $1,642,054 Molasses or sirup: Gallons 20, 812, 747 9, 609, 542 > 3,551,856 Value $1, 129, 905 $221,097 $25, 102 Beet pulp All other products $795, 900 $202, 070 $21,822 $258, 949 $46,025 $54,352 > Includes quantities for which no value could he given; also wastage. The statistics for cane mills for 1909 are shown in detail in Table 41. Table 41 PRODUCT. 1»09 Total value Sugar: * Tons Value Vacuum pan — Tons Value Brown (open-kettle process) — Tons Value Molasses (liquid product from which more or less sugar has been extracted); Gallons Value Sirup (liquid product from which no sugar has been extracted): Gallons Value 3 ‘$30,620,738 320, 868 $20, 095, 073 323, 180 $25,794,287 3,078 $.301,380 24,587,581 $2, 845, 559 1, 449, 800 $305, 032 All other products ^ $1,313,874 ‘ Does not include the operations of four establishments which manufacture sugar, two of which were operated in connection with penal institutions and two of which were engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The output of these establishments was 7,281 tons of sugar and 093,302 gallons of molasses. 2 Cane sugar manufactured direct from cane, not including the refining of raw sugar purchased. 3 The value of sirup produced by establishments which manufacture no sugar is included under “All other products.” TEXTILES. Statistics are presented for several branches of the textile and allied manufacturing industries, designated as follows: Carpets and rugs, other than rag; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods; cotton goods, in- cluding cotton small wares; hats, fur-felt; hosiery and kni t goods; oilcloth and linoleum; shoddy; silk and silk goods, including throwsters; and woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats. Table 42 shows the development of the textile industry since 1850. It covers all the industries mentioned above except the manufacture of fur-felt hats and of oilcloth and linoleum, for which statistics are shown in separate tables, and also includes the dyeing and finishing of textiles. Table 4Z CENSUS. Number of estab- lish- ments. NUMBER ENGAGED IN INDUSTRT.i Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manufacture. Salaried employees. Wage earners (average number). 1909 (census of 1910) 5,352 31,208 881,128 $1,841,242,131 $49,123,634 $335,398,736 $992,635,299 $1,684,636,499 $695,001,200 1904 (census of 1905) 4,737 24,372 742,529 1,351,451,715 32,862,121 250,514,233 753,174,981 1,225,686,444 472,511,463 1899 (census of 1900) 4,521 17,024 664,429 1,049,636,201 23,532,773 210,069,411 527,209,771 940,052,688 412,842,917 1889 (census of 1890) 4,420 2 10,851 520, 196 772,673,605 2 12,743,405 169,422,053 454,272,489 768,357,254 314,084,765 1879 ( census of 1880) 4,143 ‘ 387,557 414,179,946 (2) 105,642,824 306,495,799 538,401,222 231,905,423 1869 (census of 1870) 4,855 M 275,655 298,611,518 (2) 86,784,211 354,452,813 522,312,413 167,859,600 1859 (census of 1860) 3,058 h) 194,394 150,205,852 (2) 40,410,946 113,082,036 215,166,444 102,084,408 1849 (census of 1850) 3,025 (*) 146,877 112,513,947 (2) (^) \ 76,715,959 128,769,971 52,054,012 1 Not including proprietors and firm members. * Includes proprietors and firm members with their salaries. * Not reported separately. < Includes 2,115 offleers and clerks whose salaries were not reported. s Not reported fully. The combiaed products of the industry in 1909 were valued at $1,684,636,499, an increase of $744,583,811, or 79.2 per cent, over the total for 1899. The total includes considerable duplication of values, but probably no more, relatively, than at previous censuses. The percentage of increase since 1899 is the highest for any decade since that from 1859-1869. In 1909 cotton goods contributed 37.3 per cent of the value of all products represented in the total; the products of the woolen industries, including carpets and rugs, 30.1 per cent; hosiery and knit goods, 11.9 per cent; silk goods, 11.7 per cent; cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, 3.6 per cent; shoddy, four-tenths of 1 per cent; and the dyeing and finishing of textiles by independent establishments, 5 per cent. 480 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES The following table gives the number of producing spindles in active textile mills at the time of each cen- sus from 18G1) to 1909, inclusive. It does not include spindles in establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of ])roducts other than textiles, nor spin- dles employed on (lax, hei7ip, jute, and allied fibers, of which latter class 142,109 were returned in 1909. I’abSo IS CENSUS. NUMUER OF SPINDLES. Total. Cotton. SUk. Woolen. Worsted. 1909 (censusof 1910) . . 1904(censusof 1905). . 1899 (censusof 1900) . . 1889 (census of 1890) . . 1879 (census of 1880). . 1809 (census of 1870). . 33,800, 479 28,721,7-42 23,901,557 1 18,092,133 > 13,170,743 ‘ 9,338,953 28,178,802 23, 672, 004 19,403,984 14,384, 180 10,053,435 7, 280, 800 1,777,962 1,394,020 1,213,493 718,360 202, 312 12, 040 2, 156,849 2,456,389 2,229,181 2,332,209 1.915,070 1, 845, 490 1,752,806 1, 199, 209 994, 899 657, 324 339, 926 200,617 ' Includes some accessory spindles, except for silk. The percentage of increase in the total number of spindles was greater from 1899 to 1909 than for any other decade shown. In 1909 cotton spindles formed 83.2 per cent of the total number, silk spindles 5.2 per cent, and woolen and worsted spindles combined 11.5 per cent. In 1909 cotton spindles represented a slightly larger proportion of all spindles than in 1904 and 1899 and woolen and worsted spindles a slightly smaller proportion. The loom equipment of active estabhshments at the time of the several censuses, beginning with that of 1869, is presented in the following table. It does not include looms in establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than textiles, nor looms employed on flax, hemp, jute, and similar fibers. Cotton looms operated by power formed 80.6 per cent of the total number of power looms in 1909; silk looms, 9.1 per cent; and those employed in the woolen industry, which includes the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods and carpets and rugs, 10.2 per cent. In 1899 the corresponding percentages were 79.5 for cotton looms, 7.7 for silk, and 12.8 for those in the woolen industries. Table 44 NUMBER OF LOOMS. CLASS OF LOOMS AND CENSUS. Used in the manufacture of— Total. Cotton goods. Silk goods. Woolen goods. Worsted goods. Carpets and rugs. Power: 1909 (census of 1910) . 825,478 605,052 75,406 33, 148 39, 470 11,796 1904 (census of 1905) . 696,785 5.59,781 59,775 38, 104 28, 123 11,002 1899 (census of 1900) . 573,214 455,7.52 44,257 36,734 26 , rao 9,841 1889 (census of 1890). 412,441 324, 866 20,822 38,523 19, 929 8,301 1879 (census of 18.80) . 285, 494 227, 383 5,321 32, 955 11,703 8, i;i2 1869 (census of 1870) . 200,791 157,748 1,281 34,183 0, 128 1,451 Hand: 1909 (census of 1910) . 248 (2) 41 207 1904 (census of 1905) . 1,039 1,311 (•) 283 66 090 1899 (census of 1900) . (') 173 83 1,055 1889 (census of 1890). 4,823 (') 1,747 44S 2,628 1879 (censusof 1880). 7,929 (>) 3,153 781 3,995 1869 (census of 1870) . 4,103 (‘) 188 (') 3,975 ■ Not reported. 2 Included with power looms. Table 45 MATEEUI.S. Total cost Wool, iu condition purchased: Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured con- uilion, pounds Animal hair: Pounds Cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Partly manufactured materials not made in mili reporting: Waste and noils — Pounds Cost Yarn.s— Woolen — Pounds Cost Worsted — Pounds Cost Cotton- Pounds Cost Linen- Pounds Cost Jute, ramie, and other vegetable fiber — Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestuffs All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Carpets: Square yards Value Axminster and Moquette — Square yards Value Wilton- Square yards V alue Brussels — Square yards Value Tapestry velvet — Square yards Value Tapestry Brussels — Square yards Value Ingrain — Square yards Value Rugs, woven whole: Square yards Value Axminster and Moquette — Square yards Value Wilton— Square yards Value Brussels — Square yards Value Tapestry velvet— Square yards Value Tapestry Brussels — Square yards Value Ingrain art squares— Square yards Value Smyrna— Square yards Value Other- Square yards Value All other products M.t.CIIINERY. Sets of cards Woolen Worsted Cotton Spindle.s F^roducing Doubling and twisting ._ Looms, all classes .' 1909 1904 1899 $39,563,004 $37,947,954 $27,228,719 64, 135,020 61,320,521 51,871,334 $11,752,396 $10,431,146 $8, 104, 107 51,474,353 31,651,895 37,560,231 5,400,944 6,805,802 6, 189,757 $474,057 $593,588 $549,610 5, 147, 130 1,997,369 1,943,942 $533, .302 $251, 112 $129,449 2,732,034 2,172,481 2,325,054 $513,392 $341,309 $305, 733 25,718,747 32,431,400 32,996,316 $5,0.36,118 $6,048,001 $5,030,654 11,292,749 11,355,993 9,218,267 $5,588,915 $5,405,072 $3,544,860 26, 166, 241 27,421,831 19,823,561 $4,772,594 $4,757,850 $2,744,928 8,792,876 8,228,200 8,388,211 $1,606,009 $1,355,892 $1,164,826 55,592,343 49,119,558 38,846,413 $3,926,694 $3,404,516 $2,476,029 $1,729,492 $1,467,476 $1,151,726 $3,630,035 $3,291,992 $2,026,797 $71,188,162 ‘ $61,586,433 $48,192,351 57, 176, 729 66,426,033 64,238,761 $48,475,889 $43,991,125 $35,405,926 12,507,261 6,413,686 5,026,778 $13, 680, 806 $0, 368, 757 $4, 762, 269 4,576,368 1,297,872 2 3, 587, 126 $8,737,768 $2, 726,667 2 $4, 030, 842 3,960,626 3,024,162 2,686,493 $5,216,607 $3, 898, 675 $2,979,867 2 6, 927, 198 2 8,033,288 4,280,066 2 $5, 514, 130 2 $7, 754, 681 $3,743,353 11,405,514 14,099,074 8,737,449 $8,576,900 $9,955,043 $5,520,665 17,799,762 33,557,951 39,920,849 $0, 749, 672 $13,287,302 $14,368,930 24,042, 152 16,244,810 12,171,289 $18,490, 449 $12,870,650 $8, 145,232 3.184,097 1,767,920 327,598 $3,691,900 $2, 107,383 $342,262 767,248 1,097, 186 339,784 $1,381,562 $1,983,777 $545,967 475,831 $333,582 « 3,732,972 (3) (») $3,513,063 h (’) 5,672,962 2,009,834 18,750 $4,422,427 $1,509,673 $9,000 6,131,862 7,135,540 2,722,323 $2, 408,960 $2,785,457 $1,175,951 1,400,233 3,828,282 3,651,661 $1,000,322 $4,134,500 $3,680,618 2, 676, 947 •106,042 5,111,173 $1,078,633 $349,860 $2,391,434 $4,221,814 $4,724,658 $4,041,193 745 686 < 468 450 389 180 238 109 59 252,090 255,3-17 209,206 211,472 211,331 167, 12:1 40,024 44,010 42,083 12,271 13,853 12,511 Carpets and rugs. — The following table presents statistics for the manufacture of carpets and rugs, exclusive of r In addition, in 1909 carpets and rugs, to the value of $179, Ifd, and in 1901, to the value of $70,0(X), were made by e.stabli.shraents engaged primarily In the manufaeturo of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes Wilton velvet. 2 Not reported .separately. * Not reported fully. 481 STATES, CITIES, AND INI)USTRII«. The aggregate production of carpets and rugs increased from 76,410,050 square yards in 1899 to 81,218,881 square yards in 1909, or only 0.3 per cent, but the value of the output increased from .143,551,158 in 1899 to .$66,960,338 in 1909, or 53.8 per cent. The increase has been in all classes of rugs except Smyrna and "other rugs” and in all classes of carpets exce{)t ingrain. The cost of materials used increased at a rate almost equal to that of the value of products. The total carpet product decreased 11 per cent in quantity during the decade, but increased 36.9 per cent in value. The output of pile carpets increased 61.9 per cent in quantity and 98.3 per cent in value, while that of woven ])ly or ingrain carpets decreased 55.4 per cent in quantity and 53 per cent in value. The production of rugs woven whole increased 97.5 per cent in quantity and 127 per cent in value. More than two-thirds of the fiber material used in the manufacture of carpets is yarn purchased, and to the extent that this yarn is manufactured by carpet mills there is a duplication in the products. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. — Table 46 presents statistics for the manufacture of cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, including nets and seines, but does not include the figures for these classes of goods produced in penal institutions or in establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of prod- ucts other than those covered by the industry desig- nation. The principal products manufactured in this coun- try from flax, hemp, and jute fibers are twine, rope, and thread, and yarns for sale to establishments using chiefly cotton, wool, and silk fibers. The production of linen toweling and other linen woven goods increased decidedly between 1899 and 1909, but this item is not shown separately in the table, because a very large proportion of the total product is manufactured by one establishment. The output of gunny bagging decreased from 74,090,760 square yai’ds in 1899 to 69,311,288 square yards in 1909, while its value increased from $3,462,479 to $3,507,482. The aggregate rope and twine product in 1909 was 504,020,697 pounds, valued at $42,864,658, as compared with 343,656,384 pounds, valued at $31,250,468, in 1899. In 1899 cotton rope and twine formed 3 per cent of the total output of the cordage and twine industry, and in 1909, 7.4 per cent. This class of products increased 260.6 per cent in quantity and 372.9 per cent in value during the dec- ade, while rope and twine of all other fiber increased 40 per cent in quantity and 21.6 per cent in value. In addition to the cotton rope and twine product included in the figures given above, 21,319,678 pounds, valued at $3,581,917, were made in 1909 in mills engaged primarily in the manufacture of cotton goods. 72497°— 13 31 Table 4 $61,019,986 $49,077,629 Rope and binder twine $33,930,306 $26,909,027 Sisal— Pounds 225,756,526 172,238,291 Value $15,960,280 $14,005,566 Manila — Pounds 150,169,682 123,. 584, 201 Value $12,892,347 $12,192,798 Cotton rope — Pounds 16,760,763 .1,615,824 Value $3,011,613 $247,250 Jute rope — Pounds 27,749,512 10,012,165 Value $1,566,160 $463,413 All other — Pounds 7,767,561 m Value $499,906 (^) Twine, not including binder $8,934,352 $4,341,441 Cotton — Pounds. . .*. 20,412,631 8,691,707 Value $3,518,036 $1,133,640 Jute — Pounds 35,516,217 1,679,127 Value $2,557,744 $117,539 Hemp — Pounds 8,013,349 9,065,024 Value $1,091,291 $1,019,590 Flax— Pounds 2,967,053 3,845,978 Value $830,969 $969,469 Flax or hemp mixed with jute — Pounds 8,907,403 12,924,067 Value $936,312 $1,101,203 Yams for sale $5,434,037 $4, 455, 734 Jute — Pounds 62,512.247 54,271,860 Value $4,361,550 $3,230,835 Flax and hemp — Pounds 5,486,891 $982,742 8,259,653 Value $1,125,971 Other— Pounds 732, 120 $89,745 946,567 Value $98,928 Linen thread: Pounds 6,530,503 4,021,044 Value $3,407,008 $2,332,287 Gunny bagging: Square yards 69,311,288 74.090,760 Value $3,507,482 $3,462,479 Jute carpets and mgs: Square yards 2,206,114 $549,221 2,953,658 $357,568 Value All other products $5,257,580 $7,219,093 1 In addition, cordage and twine and jute and linen goods to the value of $890,629 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. * Not reported. 482 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES Cotton goods, including cotton small wares. — Table 47 presents the statistics for cotton manufactures, not including cotton liosiery and knit goods. The aggregate value of cotton woven goods manu- factured, exclusive of narrow weaves, such as ta])e and webbing, was .^56,089,401 in 1909, compared with .1243,253,155 in 1899, an increase of 87.5 per cent for tlio decade. Tlie rate of increase, however, in quan- tity was very much less, 6,348,568,593 square yards of woven goods being rej)orted in 1909, compared with 4,523,430,616 in 1899, an increase of 40.3 per cent. The output of almost every class of woven goods increased during the decade. The total production of yarn in cotton mills in 1909 was 2,040,290,743 pounds, of which 470,370,995 pounds, valued at $109,314,953, were made for sale. Part of this yarn was sold to other cotton mills, thus involving duplication in the total value of prod- ucts for the industry. Some of it was sold to woolen and silk mills and a large quantity to knitting mills. Tabled? IDOO 1904 1899 1909 190-t 1899 MATERIALS. PRODUCTS — continued . Total cost $371,009,470 $286,255,303 $176,551,527 Woven goods — Continued. Cotton: Pounds 2.335,344,906 1.876,437,150 1,817,643,390 Napped fabrics — 305, 655, 864 330.808,140 26R 8.59! 716 Cost $274,724,210 $222,212,749 $125, 169, 616 Value..' $25,695,367 $26,108,315 $18,231,044 Domestic— Corduroy, cotton, velvet, and I’oimds 2,259,312,974 1,832,736,744 1,761,798,458 plush— Cost $201,547,820 $214,615,844 $119,098,443 19,70(i,438 16,014,556 7 961 Ft92. Foreign— Value..' $6,965,634 $ 4 ; 790,’ 573 $2,682,017 Pounds 76,031,032 43,700,406 55,844,932 Mosquito and other netting— Cost $13,170,390 $7,596,905 $6,071,173 59,100,819 36,232,918 41,885,023 Cotton yarn: Value.. $2, 103! 560 $ 794,953 $875,868 Pounds 120,707,003 105,411,516 94,692,864 Upholstering goods — Cost $34,384,791 $24,611,200 $17,622,668 94,840,051 65,592,212 51,314,609' Cotton waste: Value.."! $14, 882; 842 $ 12 , 111 ; 698 $8,705,384 Pounds 80,044,061 76,678,645 41,234,900 Tapestries (piece goods and Cost $4,225,790 $3,814,290 $1,515,591 curtains)— Starch; Square yards 10,657,385 9,605,006 10,166,538. 71,774, 574 54,480,534 53.800,734 $4,723,907 $4,242,506 $4,158,600 Cost $2,114h56 $1,506,804 $1,2'27,010 Lace and lace curtains— Square yards 81,007,314 53,511,222 37,825,198 Chemicals and dyestuffs $4,886,514 $4,573,375 $5,718,107 $8,922,082 $7,208,211 $3,^, 138 All other materials $50,673,409 $29,536,885 $25,298,635 Other — Square yards 3,175,352 2,475,984 3,322,873 PRODUCTS. Value $1,236,853 $660,981 $961,646 Bags and bagging— Total value 1 $628,391,813 $450,467,704 $339,200,320 63,107,568 57.067.663 32,739,616 Woven gopds: Value $4,862,451 $3,953,732 $ 2 ; 554 ; 192 Square yards 6,348,568,593 5,110,308,812 4,523,430,616 Cotton towels and toweling— $456,089,401 $324,747,837 $243,253,155 52,778. 170 40. 280, 292 (*) Plain cloths for printing or con- Value..' $6,037,075 $4,365,470 (=) verting — 2,224.677,848 1,818,216.172 1,581,613,827 $5,531,674 $4,060, 488 $2,521,402 Value $111,097,889 $80,311,612 $57,780,940 Y arns lor sale: Brown or bleached sheetings and Pounds 470,370,995 364,634,7.53 332,302,621 shirtings— Value $109,314,953 $79,939,687 $55,216,066 Square yards 1,484,353,529 1,172,309,182 1,212,403,048 Thread: Value $88,802,985 $61,253,376 $55,513,032 Pounds 23,700,957 17,103,741 15,907,058. Twills and sateens — Value $20,516,269 $15,043,043 $11,908,671 Square yards 388,314,961 366,142,513 235,860,518 Twine: Value $34,274,107 $23,701,305 $14,301,302 Pounds 13,715,771 7,301,589 11,642,718. Fancy woven fabrics — Value $2,417,391 $1,4-28,994 $1,546,611 Square yards 426,710,359 306,2^,685 237,841,003 Cordage and rope: $47,498,713 $28,486,342 $21,066,310 Pounds 7,603,907 (“) (*) Ginghams — Value $1,164,526 (^) (*) Square yards 537,430,463 302,316,132 278,392,708 Cotton waste for sale: $37,939,040 $■22,471,867 $16,179,200 Pounds 310,513,348 247.049,640 270,862,613 Duck— Value $10,874,386 $10,062,057 $5,563,570 Square yards 162,476,322 122,601,212 1'29,234,076 $27,485,892 $17,005,982 $14, '263, 008 All other products $22,483,213 $15,185,598 $19,190,845 DriUs— Square yards 238,869,407 194,735,303 237,200,540 MACHINERY. Value $17,750,151 $12,596,063 $11,862,794 Ticks, denims, and stripes— Producing spindles, number 27.425,608 23,195,143 19,050,952 264,870,508 256,375,486 181.800,853 Looms, all classes, number 605, 049 559,291) 455,752 Value..'. $27,350, 162 $23,797,578 $16,440,633 Cottonades— Square yards 25,676,286 25,362,346 26,323,947 Value $3,343,533 $2,998,971 $2,791,431 > In addition, cotton goods to the value of $2,224,090 were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Felt goods. — Table 48 covers the statistics for Jill establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of felt goods except those maldng hats. The aggre- gate value of products of the three felting indus- tries — the manufacture of felt goods, fur-felt hats, and wool-felt hats— was $64,099,667 in 1909, $48,035,213 in 1904, and $37,864,818 in 1899, the increase in value from 1899 to 1909 being 69.3 jier cent. The value of products for the felt-goods industry, exclusive of the making of felt hats, was $11,852,626 in 1909 and $6,461,691 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 83.4 per cent. The increase in the production of endless belts during the decade was particularly large, amounting to 191 per cent in quantity and 215.1 per cent in value. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES 483 Tabic 48 looy 1004 MATERULS. Total cost Wool, in condition purchased; Pounds Cost Equivalent of above in scoured condition, pounds Animal hair, etc.: Pounds Cost Cotton: Pounds Cost Shoddy, mimgo, and wool extract: Pounds Cost Waste and noils: Pounds Cost Chemicals and dyestuffs All other materials PRODUCTS. Total value Felt cloths: Square yards Value Trimming and lining felts, felt skirts, etc.: Square yards Value Saddle felts: Pounds Value Endless belts: Pounds Value Boot and shoe linings: Square yards Value Hair felting: Square yards Value All other felts All other products MACHINERY. Sets of cards Woolen Cotton Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting Looms, all classes 1899 $6,967,206 $5,764,026 $3,801,028 12,409,820 $3,927,393 11,868,238 $3,388,588 9,606,203 $2, 196, 440 9,308,172 8,131,082 6,468,097 8,144,011 $239,244 6,974,634 $373, 797 2,819,521 $125,803 1,375,070 $155,815 1.982,624 $217,200 1,225,850 $77,083 2,530,243 $261,878 1,532,127 $157,031 712,373 $80, 737 4,874,712 $1,220,110 1,948,969 $452,509 2,053,590 $552,992 $219,891 $942,875 8189, 750 $975, 151 $128,296 $639,077 $11,852,626 $8,948,594 $6,461,691 3,764,408 $1,381,854 3,689,610 $1,830, 627 2,056,002 $548,543 5,953,410 $1,329,686 1,650,991 $575,849 1 5,145,340 f $1,188,908 2,469,830 $796, 718 3,243,0.34 $3,417,822 1,770, 124 $1,707,216 1,114,357 $1,084,835 1,661,090 $514,450 2,823,137 $781, 450 1,052,538 $540, no 1,159,999 $531,045 605,214 $191,998 « 125,000 $56,950 $3,549,876 $552,038 $2,592,894 $655,501 $2,261,918 $1,172,617 473 472 463 451 >302 1 12 30,353 29,463 890 408 17,817 17,457 360 265 24,286 23,235 1,051 284 * Not fully reported. Hats, fur-felt and wool-felt. — The total output in 1909 of establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of fur-felt or wool-felt hats was 42,962,508 hats of all varieties, valued at $47,089,253; in 1904 it was 36,695,952 hats, valued at $36,604,304; and in 1899, 32,325,564 hats, valued at $28,546,867. Fur-felt hats, generally known as felt hats, formed 83.5 per cent of the total number in 1909 and 69.9 per cent in 1899, while wool-felt hats, generally known as wool hats, formed 16.5 per cent of the total in 1909 and 30.1 per cent in 1899. There is some duplication in value of products, due to the use of felt hat bodies and hats in the rough made at one estabhshment as material at another. The following table gives the quantity and value of the materials and products of the fur-felt hat industry in 1909, 1904, and 1899. The products increased in value 72.1 per cent during the decade, and the number of finished hats increased 58.8 per cent. Table 49 1900 1901 1890 MATERIALS. Total cost $22,109,231 $16,975,206 $13,613,668 Hatters’ fur; I’ounds 8,645,576 6,718,359 $0,743,936 6,160,269 Cost $9,278,922 $6,376,991 Fur-felt hat bodies and hats In the rough; Dozens 406, 447 211,760 148,212 Cost $2,575,248 $1,351,372 $882,986 Chemicals and dyestuffs $843,587 $1,140,281 $666,794 All other materials $9,411,474 $6, 739, 617 $5,596,897 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $47,864,630 I $36,629,363 $27,811,187 Fur-felt hats: Dozens 2,989,252 2,611,875 1,882,372 $25,385,606 Value $43,442,466 $34,314,234 Fur-felt hat bodies and hats in the rough: Dozens 366,370 88,986 $060,959 165,010 Value $2, 703,738 $992,730 All other products $1,164,872 $1,093,361 $560,799 $941,032 Work on materials for others $553,554 $491,919 > In addition, in 1909. fur-felt hats, to the value of $806,601, and in 1904, to the value of $333,441, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The statistics for the manufacture of wool-felt hats are given in the following table. The increase in the total value of aU products for the decade was 22.1 per cent. The output of finished wool hats in 1909, though greater than in 1904, showed a decrease of 27.2 per cent as compared with 1899. Table 60 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost Wool, in condition purchased: $2,472,263 $1,369,810 $2,042,202 Pounds 1,203,498 1,633,525 2,713,374 Cost Equivalent of above in scoured con- $404, 127 $495,594 $788,973 dition, pounds 989,110 1,231,576 1,898,605 Wool waste and noils; Pounds 1,281,764 $661,172 287,363 $119,407 862,982 Cost Wool-felt hat bodies and hats in the $370,792 rough: Dozens 21,864 12,089 4,939 Cost $83,0'20 $25,997 $13,920 Chemicals and dyestuffs $104,503 $63,905 $108,502 All other materials $1,219,441 $664,907 $760,015 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $4,382,411 $2,457,266 $3,691,940 Wool-felt hats: Dozens 590,957 446,121 811,425 Value Wool-felt hat bodies and hats in the $3,646,787 $2, 290,070 $3,161,361 rough: Dozens 53,896 18,587 56,006 Value $309, 492 $100,491 $120,262 All other products $426,132 $66,705 $310,317 1 In addition , wool-felt hats, to the value of $904,643, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Hosiery and knit goods. — Table 51, presenting the statistics for hosiery and knit goods, includes hand- knit as well as machine-knit goods. The total cost of materials in the hosiery and knit- goods industry was $110,241,053 in 1909, $76,789,348 in 1904, and $51,195,330 in 1899. The cost of cotton and cotton yarn represented 51.7 per cent of the total cost of material used in 1909, 52.4 per cent in 1904, and 50.3 per cent in 1899. A portion of the yarn re- ported as material was purchased from other establish- 484 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES meiits included in this classification and is therefore duplicated in the value of prod ucts. The increase in the total cost of materials in 1 909 over the cost for 1 899 was 1 1 5.3 per cent, and the increase in the total value of products was 108. 8 per cent. Of the total value of the products, shirts and drawers contributed 34.8 per cent in 1909 and 47.7 j)er cent in 1899, while hosiery contributed 34.3 j)er cent in 1909 and 28.6 per cent in 1899. The hosiery product increased in value from 127,420,029 in 1899 to $68,721,825 in 1909, or 150.6 per cent, and shirts and drawers from $45,675,594 to $69,592,817, or 52.4 per cent. Sweaters, cardigan jackets, etc., show the largest relative increase in value for the decade, and combination suits the next largest, the value of the former increasing from $3,498,837 to $22,430,817, or moi-e than fivefold, and that of the latter from $3,691,847 to $14,853,536, or about threefold. 'H'uSilo 5 1 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $110,241,053 $76,789,348 $51,195,330 Cotton: I’ound.s 75,416,023 50, 586, 760 49,451,301 Cost .$8, 803, 509 $5,869,317 $3,561,592 Wool, in condition i)urcha.sed: Pounds 7. 068, 788 17,300,616 17,953.907 Cost $2,919,055 $0, 153, 858 $5, 262, 135 Equivalent of above in scoured condition, pounds 5, 582, 839 13,909, 144 13,031,308 Shoddy, purchased; Pounds 7,482,553 7, 489, 358 3,770,626 Cost $919,970 $923, 719 $488, 792 Wool waste and noils, purchased: Pounds 8,586, 261 6, 020, 459 5,276. 454 Cost $2,813,129 $1,711,669 $1,487,907 Yarns, purchased: Cotton — Pounds 216,987,611 161,500, 466 131,820, 068 Cost $48. 165, 749 $34,372,910 $22,204,918 Worsted— Pounds 10, 370, 004 8, 789, 570 5,823,215 Cost $10,116,325 $7, 457, 690 $4, 865, 304 Woolen — Pounds G, 140, 265 4,839,343 2.621,893 Cost $3.8,34,094 $2, 798, 454 $1,257,587 Merino — Pounds 4,014,609 2, 568, 890 1.981,484 Cost $2, 667,051 $1, 118,999 $642, 535 Silk and sputi silk — Pounds.'. 982, 753 320, 671 266. 247 Cost $3, 606, 599 $1, 200, 259 $946, 801 Chemicals and dyestuffs $2,541,939 $1.677,2.52 $1,023,161 All other materials $23, 853, 633 $13,505,221 $9, 454, 598 Yarns made in mill for use therein. Cotton, pounds 69, 171,277 39, 954, 890 40,845,889 Woolen, pounds 8,316,349 (') Worsted, pounds 223, 404 0) (') Merino, pounds 20, 856, 989 (') 0) PRODUCTS. Total value « $200,143,527 2 $137,076,454 $95,833,692 Hosiery: Dozen pairs 62,82,5,069 44,186,063 29, 903, 899 Value $08,721,825 $44,113,260 $27, 420, 029 Cotton, merino, and woolen — Hose — Dozen pairs 34,499,562 25,999,813 16,641,769 Value $.37,903,011 $26, 152,043 $16,203,372 Cotton — Dozen pairs 32, 499, 104 24, 169, 804 15,028,173 Value $34, 078, 622 $22, 764, 799 $13, 275.732 Merino or mixed — Dozen pairs 834,029 746, 226 4.36, 891 Value $1,466,283 $1. 182, 164 $659,959 Woolen or worsted— Dozen pairs 1,166.429 1,083,783 1, 176,705 Value $2,358, 106 $2, 205, 080 $2, 267, 681 Half ho.se— Dozen pairs 27.891,093 18, 144, 185 13, 249, .558 Value $27,218,398 $17, 4.38, 914 $11,030, 244 Cotton — Dozen pairs 24,805,917 15,223,243 11,3.52,081 Value $21,831,365 $11,821,830 $7,906,945 Merino or mixed — Dozen pairs 2,023,641 1,611,066 957, 520 Value $3,299,912 $2,214,678 $1, 384, 764 Woolen or worsted — Dozen pairs 1,061,535 1,309,876 939, 957 Value $2,087, 121 $3,402,406 $1,738, 535 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS — continued. Hosiery— Continued . Silk— Dozen pairs 434,414 42,065 12,572 Value $3,600,416 $522, 303 $186, 413 Shirts and drawers; Dozens 25,337,779 19, 723, 141 15, 873, 700 Value $69, 592, 817 $56, 643, 860 $45,675,594 All cotton — Dozens 22,567, 121 17, 107, 958- 12,058,431 Vaiue $50,007,598 $39,658,762 $26,882,902 Merino or mixed — Dozens 2, 536, 473 2,113,810 2, 675, 416 Value $17,055, 624 $13, 031, 754 $13, 293, 829 All wool — Dozens 178, 163 485,328 1, 085, 040 Value $1,820,521 $3, 647, 934 $4, 980, 818 Silk and silk mixed — Dozens 56, 022 16, 045 54,807 Value $709,074 $305, 410 $518,045 Combination suits: Dozens 2. 473, 103 1,440,420 986, 855 Value $14,853,536 $6,793,947 $3,691,847 All cotton — Dozens 2, 047, 637 1,260,301 824, 632 Value $9, 713,597 $4, 478, 664 $2, 240,566 Merino or mixed — Dozens. 364, 387 105, 242 139,994 Value $4,217,432 $1,199,949 $1, 133, 328 .\11 wool— Dozens 50, 102 68, 067 9,501 Value $683, 289 $965, 132 $201,667 Silk or silk mixed — Dozens 10. 977 6,810 12, 728 Value $239,218 $150, 202 $116, 286 Sweaters, cardigan jackets, etc.: Dozens 2,221,410 811,629 594.090 Value $22,430,817 $8, 345, 369 $3, 498, 837 Gloves and mittens: Dozen pairs 2,527,889 2, 260, 508 1,898,587 Value $7,296,887 $5,556, 260 $4, 244, 046 Hoods, scarfs, nubias, etc.: Dozens 888. 223 589.315 343.429 Value $3,217,985 $1,774,862 $1, 002, 392 Shawls: Dozens 218,923 435, 306 157, 622 Value $916, 294 $1,293,348 $328, 720 Boot and shoe linings; Square yards 9, 726, 770 11,768.961 10, -406, 440 Value $1, 209, 464 $1,249, 401 $2, 205, 003 Yarns for sale $1,785,531 $1,000,083 $498, 790 Cotton— Pounds 7,4.57,412 3,304,615 2, 419, 282 Value $1,568,417 $654, 234 $422, 100 Woolen, worsted, and merino — Pounds 488, 322 491.559 134,529 $217,114 $345,849 $76. 690 All other products $10,118,371 $10,306,064 $7, 268, 434 MACHINERY. Sets of cards 2,681 2,001 1,161 Cotton 1, 827 1,000 0) Woolen 844 977 1,161 Worsted 10 24 (■) Spindles 736, 774 603, 180 521,871 Producing 729, 935 596, 362 510, 172 Doubling and twisting 6,a39 6,818 11,699 Knitting machines, all cla.s.ses 115,019 88, 374 89,047 Sewing machines, all classes 43,885 30,410 24,535 > iNOi. reijuri.eu. .. 2 In addition, in 1909, liosiery and knit goods, to the vaine of $2,975,7-19, and in 1904, to the vaiue of $1,579,033, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Oilcloth and linoleum. — Table 52 presents the sta- tistics of the production of oilcloth, linoleum, and artificial leather. Artificial leather, which at former censuses was included under upholstering materials, was reported separately for the first time at the census of 1909. At the census of 1899 oilcloth and linoleum were not reported in detail, but the tot.al value of the.se products was $11,402,620. This had increased to $13,977,137 in 1904 and to $22,525,940 in 1909. The production of oilcloth in 1909 was in the aggregate 96,862,068 square yards and in 1904 71,057,684 square yards, an increase for tlie five years of 36.3 per cent. The linoleum product increased rela- tively much more; it amounted to 30,676,254 square yards in 1909 and 16,891,462 square yards in 1904, an increase of 81.6 ]ier cent. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 485 Table 52 PRODUCT. 1909 1994 Total value 1 $26,253,796 $14,792,246 Oilcloth $11,081,012 $8,-648,337 Floor - Square vards 18,354,851 21,456,615 Value $3,776,660 $3,565,689 Enameled — Square yards 17,338,440 11,574,986 $1,542,407 Value $2, 205, 140 Table- Square yards 01,108,777 38,026,083 Value $5,639,206 $3,540, 181 Linolouin $10,844,928 $5,328,800 Linoleum, Including cork carpet— Square yards 20,215,979 14,765,284 $4,223, 992 Value $7,850,437 Inlaid linoleum— Square yards 4,400,275 2, 126, 178 $1,104,808 Value $2,994,491 Artificial leather; Square yards 11,869,875 (*) Value $3, 448, 617 (’) $815, 109 All other products $279, 239 > In addition, products to the value of $33,328 were reported by establishments encaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. The production of artificial leather is included under “up- holstering materials” in Table 110. * Figures not available. Shoddy. — The statistics given in the following table relate only to establishments primarily engaged in the manufacture of shoddy, mungo, and wool extract, and do not include those for spinning and weaving mills and hosiery and knit-goods factories which manu- facture shoddy for their own use or for sale. MiUs engaged in the cutting of flocks and the cleaning and garnetting of waste are included, as in previous cen- suses. The total cost of materials used was $5,000,706 in 1909, and the total value of the products was $7,446,364, both of these amounts being somewhat larger than in 1899 but smaller than in 1904. The total output of the products specifically classified was 57,888,999 pounds in 1909, 63,787,770 pounds in 1904, and 47,684,714 pounds in 1899. Table 53 1999 1994 1899 ?4ATERIALS. Total cost $5,000,706 $6,055,731 $4,875,192 Tailors’ clippings, rags, etc.: Pounds 64,561,713 68,921,097 79,623,312 Cost $3,051,045 $4,295,641 $3,. 558, 706 Waste and noils of wool, mohair, camel’s hair, etc.: Pounds 7,567,579 $917,976 8, 177,846 $909,754 4,230,028 Cost $693,972 Wool, in condition purchased: Pounds 237,097 $98,032 597,492 422,349 Cost $127,927 $127,099 Equivalent of above in scoured con- dition, pounds 196, 097 421,492 242,997 Chemicals and dyestuffs $138,241 $142,455 $111,095 All other materials $795,412 $579,954 $384,320 PRODUCTS. Total value ' $7,446,364 $8,406,425 $6,730,974 Shoddy and mungo: Pounds 48,375,724 54,401,295 39,014,601 Value $5,699,260 $6,831,689 $5,388,378 Wool extract: Pounds 5,637,514 6,375,768 4.980,825 Value $865,528 $727,912 $620,504 Waste: Pounds 2,237,748 $275,545 42,504 1,608,470 Value $1,544 $148,043 Flocks: Pounds 1,638,013 2,968,203 2, 080, 758 Value $107,697 $143,536 $131,894 All other products $268, 708 $365,805 $151,494 Work on materials for others $229,626 $335,939 $290,661 MACHINERY, Pickers, number Garnett machines, number 346 317 (’) 158 116 > In addition, shoddy to the value of S3C7,278 was made for sale by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 iNot reported. Silk and silk goods. — The following table, which presents statistics for the manufacture of silk and silk goods, includes data for establishments that make a specialty of throwing and winding silk: Table 5-1 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $107,766,916 $76,861,188 $62,406,666 Silk: Raw— Pounds 17,472,204 11,572,783 9, 760, 770 Cost $07,787,037 $45,318,410 $40,721,877 Spun— Pounds 2,212,972 1,951,201 1,5.50,291 Cost $4,848,789 $4,310,061 $3,406,069 Artificial— Pounds 914,494 466, 151 0,056 Cost $1,926,894 $1,023,473 $10,380 Organzine and tram, purchased— Pounds 3,377,972 3,230,744 2,338,404 Cost $14,679,719 $14,552,425 $10,539,632 Fringe and floss, including waste, noils, etc., purchased— Pounds 2,402,960 $1,637, 187 149,811 1 $187, 159 1,735,179 Cost $1,008,947 Yarns, other than silk: Cotton, including mercerized — Pounds 14,111,878 $5,811,582 9,018,295 6,664,069 Cost $3,057,989 $1,996,233 Woolen or worsted— Pounds 610,588 443, 155 239,461 Cost $765,939 $409,867 $107, 770 Mohair — Pounds 710, 108 138,389 104,810 Cost $640,529 $137, 097 $107, 365 All other — Pounds 353,780 130,930 108,388 Cost $456,597 $108, 841 $134,986 Chemicals and dyestuffs $1,062,313 $666, 992 (*) All other materials $8, 150,280 $5,488,868 $4,313,416 PRODUCTS. Total value ’$196,911,667 $133,288,072 $107,256,258 Broad silks: Yards 185,707,310 $107,881,146 124,871,215 87,636,883 Value 866,917,762 $52, 152,816 Plain and fancies— All silk— Yards 81,934, 158 68,393,042 53,573,488 Value $53,282, 704 $40, 741,480 $33, 852, 111 Sflk mixed— Yards 24,742,556 9,061,025 $5,343,472 8,963,315 $5, 450,710 V'alue $14,207,861 Jacquard- All silk— Yards 13,249,090 8, 143,091 7,532,229 Value $9,835,345 $5,927,063 $5,379,001 Silk mixed— Yards 6,043,086 2,336,120 1,677,466 Value $3,473,799 $1,229,648 $1,260,321 Piece-dyed— All silk— Yards 19,093,393 21,334,584 7,331,501 Value $11,353,242 $9, 270, 445 $3, 342, 167 Silk mixed — Yards 40,044,433 15,003,353 8,558,884 $2,868,500 Value $15, 728, 195 $4,399,654 Velvets: Yards 10,093,58:3 7,202,315 5, 122, 249 $2,479,903 Value $4,707,990 $3, 101,206 Plushes: Yards 2,759,411 2, 547, 367 3,848,684 Value $2, 104, 768 $1,340,815 $2,480,068 Tapestries and upholstery: Yards 226, 717 1,766,210 1,333,119 Value $382, 820 $1,559,982 $1, 009, 835 Ribbons 832, 744, 873 $21,890,604 $745,489 $18, 467, 179 Laces, nets, veils, veiling, etc $1,350,850 $803, 104 Embroideries $485,322 $112,362 $57,625 Fringes and gimps $824,527 $1,010,954 $44-1, 787 Braids and bindings 84,483,248 $3,493,977 $1,522,565 Trimmings $3,850,448 $3,107,697 $2, 034, 076 Machme twist: Poimds 1,088,780 932,998 987,917 Value $0,341,719 $5,521,055 $5,997,974 Sewing, embroidery, wash, fringe, and floss silks: Pounds 747,240 811,711 739, 301 Value ; . . $4, 179,355 $4,625,016 $4,248,216 Organzine and tram, for sale: Pounds 2,740,319 812,550,510 2,025,645 2,408,387 Value $9, 190,650 $11, 167, 191 Spun silk, for sale: Pounds 779,462 570,529 437, 459 Value $2, 104, 066 $1,660,647 $1,020,227 .Ml other products 84,495,075 $5,227,800 $1,027,472 Work done on materials for others $8,364,350 $3, 716, 050 $2,337,220 > Does not include waste, noils, etc. ^ Not reported separately. s In addition, silk and silk goods to the value of $1,218,101 were made by estab- lishmentsengaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. 486 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Tho increase in tlie cost of materials and in the value of products for the period 1899-1909 was 72.7 and 8.3.0 i)er cent, respectively. Considerable duplication occurs in the total cost of materials and in the total value of j)roducts shown in tho preceding table. To eliminate this duplication the following method may be used: (1) organzine and tram, reported as material and ])roduct, is deducted from both materials and products, respectively; (2) spun silk, reported as a product, is deducted from both materials and prod- ucts; (3) fringe and lloss, reported as material, is de- ducted from both materials and products; and (4) amount received for contract work, reported as product, •is deducted from products. The total production of broad weaves in 1909 was 198,787,027 running yards, single width, valued at .1115,136,724, compared with 97,940,935 yards, valued at .$58,122,622, in 1899^ the increase in quantity being 103 per cent and that in value 98.1 per cent. Broad silks formed over nine-tenths of all broad weaves in 1909, the increase in the output between 1899 and 1909 being 1 1 1 .9 per cent. The increase in the output of all other broad weaves combined — velvets, plushes, tapestries, and upholsteries — was only 26.9 per cent. In 1899 all-silk goods constiUited 78.1 per cent of the broad-silk product, and silk-mixed goods 21.9 per cent, whereas in 1909 the proportion for the latter had risen to 38.1 per cent and that for the former had fallen to 61.9 per cent. The change was due to an increase during the decade of 268.9 per cent in the output of silk-mixed broad silks, while that for all-silk was only 67.9 per cent. Between 1899 and 1909 the rate of increase in the output of broad woven silk goods was much greater than that for either broad woven cotton or broad woven woolen goods, the increases for the three classes being 103, 40.3, and 33.8 per cent, respectively. Woolen and worsted goods. — The following table presents statistics for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods. The total value of products for the industry involves considerable duplication, due to the use of partly finished products of some estabhshments as material for others. In 1909 the establishments in this in- dustry produced 570,743,797 square yards of woven goods, exclusive of upholstery goods and sundries, compared with 505,821,956 square yards in 1904 and 426,572,856 in 1899, the increase for the decade being 33.8 per cent. The value of these goods was $296,447,594 in 1909, $234,737,036 in 1904, and $183,306,664 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 61.7 per cent. The highest rate of increase was reported for the all-wool woven group, the output of wliich increased 49.3 per cent in quantity. The output of unions decreased decidedly, while that of cotton-warp woven goods increased 37.6 per cent in quantity. The all-wool yardage constituted 56.6 per cent of the total in 1909 and 50.7 per cent in 1899, while the union yardage constituted 6.6 per cent of the total in 1909, as compared with 13.4 per cent in 1899. Cotton-warp fabrics formed about the same proportion of the total in both years— somewhat over one-third. There has thus been a considerable shift during the decade from the manufactiue of cotton- mixed to that of all-wool goods. Table 55 1909 1901 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $273,438,570 $197,489,306 $148,087,178 Wool: In condition purchased — Pounds 474, 7.55,. 366 418,703,811 330. 178, 5.52 Cost $136,606,917 $105,433,451 $78,803,830 Domestic- Pounds 310,602, 279 319,800,490 250,393,205 Cost $85,018,238 $78, 673, 136 $59,046,1.58 Foreign — Pounds 164,153,087 98, 90.3, 321 79, 785, .347 Cost $51,648,679 $20,700,315 $19,757,072 Equivalent in scoured condition, ^unds 290,706,970 241,280,06,5 192,705,519 Mohair, camel, alpaca, and vicuna hair: Pounds 7,805,422 6,507,631 5,003,966 Cost $2, 399, 123 $1,957,581 $1,857,707 Cow and other animal hair: Pounds 17,. 3.56, 100 22, 987,. 3.32 20, .535, 079 Cost $932,911 $1,369,776 $1,170,756 Cotton: Pounds 20,024,061 32,613,408 40,244,710 Cost $2, 515, 409 $4,072,907 $.3,280,000 Tailor’s cUpping.s, rags, etc.: Pounds 40, 402, 460 79,367,290 (') Cost $2, 856,966 $5,068,634 (‘) Shoddy, mungo, and wool extract purchased: Pounds 21,4.54,187 .31,919,4,56 3.3,0.36,767 Cost $.3,058,214 $1,472,601) $4,070,8:16 Waste and noils of wool, mohair, camel’s hair, etc., purchased: Pounds 26, 473,311 26,0.32,838 15,714,171 Cost $7, .523, 283 $6,056,227 $3,891,3()9 Tops purchased: Pounds 20,828,245 9,100,929 5, .566, 108 Cost $14,614, .527 $5,07.3,078 $2, 865, .546 ‘ Not roportffi separately. ’ In adclilion, in 1909, woolen and worsted goods, to the value of $1,281,292, and ii manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 1909 1904 1899 M.4TERIALS — Continued. Yarns purchased: Woolen— Pounds 931,222 5,7.50,088 5,906,862 Cost $558,270 $2,622,882 $2,675,143 W orsted - Pounds 59,148,771 31,047,516 25,110,939 Cost $56,033,701 $24,904,511 $19,495,251 Merino I’ounds 1,971,709 2,458,085 3,634,679 $664,527 Cost $.318,456 $5,81,107 Cotton— Pounds 39, 169, .388 32, .598, 072 35,342.726 Cost $10,492, 185 $8,03'2,773 $6,814,279 Silk and spun silk — Pounds 282,5,36 412, ,307 131,915 Cost $1. 142,063 $1,679,883 $.529,789 All other— Pounds 1,046,7.35 411,779 1,127,926 Cost $40, 739 $21,118 $05,434 Chemicals and dyestuffs $8,820,928 $7, 4,56, .550 $18,086,162 $6,595,160 All other materials $25, 464,278 $15, .307, 551 PRODUCTS. Total value 2 $419,743,521 2 $307,941,710 $238,744,502 All-wool woven goods: Square yards .322, 944,. 365 260,567,488 216,3,59,702 Value $219,853,767 $158,:t90,330 $117,757,169 Wool cloths, doeskins, cassi- meres, cheviot-s, etc. — Square yards 40,843,979 42, 487, 566 34,298,426 Value $29,291,0.59 $29, 556, ’252 $22,645,869 Worsted coatings, .serges, and suitings - Square yards 119,6.55,069 59,592,811 54,033,679 Value $101,903,153 $.56,731,196 $43,003,550 1904, to the value of $:W2,9()f), were made by establishments engaged primarily in the STATES, CITIES, AND INJ)ITSTRIES 487 Tahio SS— Continuoil. PRODUCTS— cont liiueii . All-wool woven goods— Cont inued . Woolon ovorc'oatiugs, cloakings, korseys, etc. — Square yards Value Worsted overcoatings and cloak- ings— Square yards Value Wool dress goods, sackings, tri- cots, etc., and opera and similar flannels - Square yards Value W orsted dress goods, cashmeres, se^es, bunting, etc. — Square yards Value Carriage cloths— Square yards Value Flannels for underwear— Square yards Value Blankets— Square yards Value Horse blankets — Square yards Value W oven shawls — Square yards Value All Other- Square yards Value Union, or cotton mixed, woven goods: Square yards V'alue Unions, tweeds, cheviots, eassi- meres, etc. — Square yards Value Overcoatings and cloakings — Square yards Value Sackings, tricots, dress goods, and opera and similar flannels— Square yards Value Flannels for underwear — Square yards Value Blankets— Square yards Value All other — Square yards Value Cotton-warp woven goods: I Square yards Value Wool filling cassimeres, doe- skins, jeans, tweeds, coatings, etc. — Square yards Value Worsted filling cassimeres, doe- skins, jeans, tweeds, coatings, etc.— Square yards Value Wool filling overcoatings and cloakings — Square yards Value Satinets and linseys — Square yards Value l!)09 1»(U 1899 14,097,770 $11,230,850 22,411,530 $16,934,112 18,729,194 $16,1.31,709 054, 404 $821,088 1,057,008 $546, 170 877, 133 $567,390 29,099,950 $10,385,498 48,874,396 $19,826,017 33,594,212 $12, 976, 489 105,801,349 $54,030,370 06,428,825 $27,802, 181 57,712,086 $16,316,392 1,782,855 $947,802 1,741,765 $904, 557 1,220, 408 $696,999 3,850,-353 $1,257,271 8,710,1.31 $2,045,858 9,324.720 $2,344,559 5,137,903 $3,228,797 7,. 316, 179 $2,751,029 5, 454, 173 $2,316,968 247,395 $185,430 740, 237 $418,219 514, 952 $256,211 704,153 $404,583 895.777 $557,370 600, 104 $500,523 403, 179 $107,194 310,603 $257,375 615 $510 37,453,351 $14,327,973 63, 197, 407 $20,288,407 57,334,570 $23, 111,696 18,917,478 $7,780,854 35, 103,110 $15,050,726 30,767,915 $13,695,830 4,281,739 $2,303,381 5,373,053 $3, 353, 758 6,087,366 $3, 518, 613 4,319,539 $1,770,721 11,690,740 $4,926,590 11,176,752 $3, 669,584 7,003,572 $1,308,309 7,273,761 $1,528,928 6,217,094 $1,284,578 1,717,758 $650, 714 3,114,110 $1, 198, 706 1,. 530, 696 $561,649 1,153,265 $447, 934 642,633 $229, 693 1,554,747 $381, 442 210,346,081 $02,205,854 182,057,061 $50,058,293 152,878,584 $42, 437, 799 45,244,800 $12, 107, 320 34, 602, 165 $10,877,081 37,160,449 $11,024,538 29,220,252 $15,009,081 16,688,620 $6,969,402 12,663,719 $7,267,508 2,075,502 $771,879 8, 198, 406 $2,478,878 3,917,498 $1,430, 430 5,102,400 $912, 182 22,339,112 $4,074,800 13,051,729 $2,873, 181 PRODUCTS— continued. Cotton-warp woven goods— Contd. Worsted filling dress goods, cash- meres, serges, mohairs, etc. — Square yards Value Wool filling dress goods, and repellents— Square yards Value Uomett flannels and shirtings— Square yards Value Linings, Italian cloths, and last- ings — Square yards Value Blankets— Square yards Value Horse blankets— Square yards Value Carriage robes — Square yards Value All other — Square yards Value Upholstering goods and sundries Woolen and worsted — Square yards Value All other Partially manufactured products for sale Yarns: Woolen- Pounds Value Worsted — Pounds Value Woolen, union or merino — Pounds Value Worsted, union or merino — Pounds '. Value All other — Pounds Value I Worsted tops and slubbing — Pounds Value Noils— Pounds Value W aste — Pounds Value All other products Work on materials for others MACHINERY. Sets of cards Woolen Worsted Cotton Spindles Producing Doubling and twisting Looms, all classes Wool-combing machines IlNIU 1901 I8»9 65,112,981 49,-300,369 45,784,011 $14,798,905 $12,711,554 $10,423,206 12,910,060 12,139,080 7,496,898 $2,741,810 $.3,2:10,561 $1,890,488 4,. 571, 705 4,285,8.38 4,555,013 $911,907 $769, 476 $970, 465 28, 928, 148 17,619,325 10,157,039 $9,008,799 $1,505,927 $2,228,434 9,746,841 9,207,144 11. 107, 104 $2,684,919 $2,218,243 $2,241,342 4,210,098 6,307,836 5,702,315 $1,676,942 $1,083, 154 $1,252,824 2,889,444 1,309, 166 1,250,233 $1,396,595 $1,139,217 $815,233 •327, 664 32,570 $245, 389 $14, 150 $1,986,330 $1,625,233 $3,259, 727 1,176,542 1,060,739 447,568 $1,528,648 $908,937 $742, 121 $457,682 $716,296 $2,517,606 $115,032,485 $06,466,672 $47, ,589, 422 28,520,493 42,878,320 32,699,851 $7,505,412 $9,993,894 $6,804,626 88,323,953 55.475,235 143,003,343 $80,395,543 $40, 142,077 I $30, 081, 425 10,249,625 8,824,064 $2,143,416 $2,538,018 1 15,974,567 3,761,737 3,314,549 I $4,668,125 $3,522,812 $2,460,558 J 3,195,553 2,799,060 4,536, 105 $974,570 $1,162,795 $1,451,390 11,321,279 4,772,582 0) $8,027,231 $2,855, 171 (‘) 27,479,293 15,379,600 12,176.843 $8,938,589 $4,865,976 $3,354,187 24,057,580 17,946,076 8,163,294 $3,524,912 $2,448, 183 $1,229,669 $3,250,857 $3,924,232 $3,019,900 $3,026,255 $1,188,537 $1,568,783 6,315 6,990 25,695 4,500 5, 178 1^581 1^387 234 425 4,287,640 3,747,934 3,277,607 3,553, 194 3,228,423 2,873,528 7.34, 446 519,511 404,079 72, 532 63,867 61,395 1,978 1,440 1,317 1 Worsted tops and slubbing included with worsted yarn. mON AND STEEL. i Tables 56 to 61, inclusive, present statistics for blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, tin and terne plate plants, and wire mills. In many establishments other industries are carried on in connection with the operations of steel works and rolhng mills. In these ! cases a separation of the data for the industries as de- | fined by the Census Bureau was secured by taking j separate reports for the different departments of the i respective estabhshments. In this way the statistics i for blast furnaces operated in connection with steel * Cards not fully reported. works were segregated and combined with those for furnaces independently operated, and the statistics for the tin and terne plate dipping departments of estab- lishments which also roll the black plate were sepa- rated and combined with those for establishments wliich dip only purchased plate. Statistics for the finished wire products of mills which roll wire rods as well as draw wire and manufacture wire nails, fencing, etc., were secured and are given in combination with those for wire mills which manufacture only from pur- chased wire rods. The finished wire products manu- 488 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. facturcd in rollin" mills are, however, included in the ])roducts of these mills, so that the statistics for wire mills and roiling mills to this extent duplicate each other. It should also he exj)lained that the rolling- jnill departments of tin and tome plate establishments are credited with their entire output of black plate, as if it were produced for sale instead of for further treatment at the same establishment. Blast furnaces. — The statistics for the blast-furnace industry are given in the following table. In 1909, 25,651,798 tons of pig iron, valued at $387,830,443, were produced and in 1899, 14,447,791 tons, valued at $206,512,755, the increase in quantity during the decade being 77.5 per cent and that in value 87.8 per cent. Since 1904 was a year of par- tial depression in the iron and steel industry and the pig-iron product was less in that year than in 1903 or 1902, neither the small increases shown in quantity and value for 1904 as compared with 1899 nor the large increases shown for 1909 as compared with 1904 are representative of the normal rate of growth for the industry. Features in the development of the industry are the increase in the proportion of pig iron produced for consumption in other departments of the works of the producing company and the increase in the proportion of the product passed on in a molten condition to undergo further processes with- out being cast into pigs. The ton of 2,2Jf.O founds is used in showing quantities except when otherwise stated. Table 5G 1909 1904 1 1899 1 MATEEIALS. Total cost $320,637,889 $178,941,918 $131,503,655 Iron ore: Tons 48, 353, 677 30, 032, 862 25,366,894 Cost $187, 264, GOl $100, 945, 369 $65, 902, 922 Domestic — Tons 46, 605, 930 29, 202, 944 24,612,511 Cost $177,589,789 $96, 206, 246 $01, 795, 473 Foreign— 754, 383 Tons 1, 747, 747 829,918 Cost $9, 674, 812 $4, 739, 123 $4, 107, 449 Mill cinder, scrap, etc.: Tons 1, 982, 530 1,865,385 1,600,313 Cost .$5, 544, 859 $3, 830, 961 $3, 772, 385 Fluxes; Tons 13,570,845 8. 325, 209 7, 324, 743 Cost $12,239,493 $6, 888, 647 $5,054,725 Fuel, 2 $105,994,112 $62,802,060 $44, 199, 382 Coke — Tons (2,000 pounds) 31,430,530 19,739,671 16,461,533 Cost $102,134,423 $57,126,997 $38,976,770 Charcoal— Bushels 38,032,618 337 , 273,509 30, 677, 585 Cost $2,787,026 3 $2,521,887 $1,823,881 Anthracite coal 2 — Tons 265.401 560,037 886, 564 Cost $904,102 $1,812,779 $2,297,419 Bituminous coal 2 — Tons 102, 833 801.040 832,235 Cost $168,501 $1,340,997 $1,101,312 All other materials $9, 594, 824 $4,474,281 $12,574,241 PRODUCTS. Total value $391,429,283 $231,822,707 $306,756,657 Pig iron; Tons 25,051.798 16,623,025 14,447.791 Value $387,830,443 $228,911,110 $206, 512, 755 All other products $3, 598, 840 $2,911,591 $243, 802 Pig iron, classified according to fuclused: Bituminous, chiefly coke — Tons < 24, 608, 572 14, 909, 029 12,253,818 Value $309, 684, 030 $203,814,049 $173,763,091 Anthracite coal and coke mixed and anthracite alone — Tons 670, 991 1,305,094 1.841,857 Value $10,962,150 $18. 103, 982 $20,678,705 Charcoal — Tons 372, 235 409, 502 6 352,116 Value $7, 183, 657 $6, 993,085 $6,070,959 Pig iron, classified according to dispo- sition: Produced for con.sumption in works of company reporting — 15,858,203 9,926,545 (') Tons Value $239,387,017 $138,867,686 m 1909 1904 1 18991 PRODUCTS— continued. Pig iron, classified according to dispo- sition — Continued . Produced for sale — Tons 9,793,595 6,097,080 (') Value $148, 443, 426 $90,043, 530 (‘) Pig iron, classified by grades (tons): Bessemer, (0.04 to 0.10 per cent in phosphorus) 10, 147, 052 8,894,584 8,475,530 Low phosphorus (below 0.04 per- cent in phosphorus) 248. 720 192,795 («) Basic 7,741,759 2,553,940 937, 439 Foundry 5,539,410 3,675,310 3,510,300 Forge or mill 586, 085 601,677 1,057, 616 Malleable Bessemer 934,211 316, 904 (*) White, mottled, and miscellane- ous 110,810 98, 027 208,323 Direct eastings 16, 181 9,469 7,123 ' FeiToalloys 326, 970 280,259 251,460 Spiegeleisen 142, 223 169,630 163,672 Ferromanganese 82, 208 57,072 51,878 FerrosilicoUj including Besse- mer ferrosilicon (7 per cent or over in silicon) and fer- rophosphorus 102,539 53,557 35,910 Pig iron, classified by method of delivery or casting (tons): Delivered in molten condition. . . 12,197,686 5,898,744 {•) Sand cast 7,655,568 6,078,844 («) Machine cast 5, 096, 797 4, 307, 108 (') Chill cast 685,560 329, 460 (*) Direct castings 16, 181 9, 409 7,123 EQUIPMENT. Furnaces in active establishments; Completed stacks at end of year — Number 388 343 343 Daily capacity, tons 101,447 78, 180 54,425 Active during the year— Number .370 317 325 Daily capacity, tons In course of construction at end of year — Number 98, 973 73, 884 (•) 10 4 16 Daily capacity, tons 4,100 1,375 7,275 Pig-casting machines, number 104 (') («) Granulated slag pits; Number 85 47 («) Annual capacity, ton.s 5,699, 259 3, 338, 200 (•) Gas engines operated with blast-fur- nace gas: Number 85 (•) Horsepower 198,040 («) («) ' Not. including the statistics for a blast furnace operated by a penal institution. 2 The figures for 1909 cover fuel for smelling only; those for 1904 and 1899 include fuel for steam raising. 3 Not including 2,486,700 bushels of charcoal and its value, the cost of stumpago and labor being reported as expense. < Coal and coke mixed, 86,420 tons; balance coke. • Includes 52,992 tons of mixed charcoal and coke pig iron. 6 Not reported. Steel works and rolling mills. — Table 57 jucsents comparative statistics of steel works and rolling mills, including those of forges and hloomerics. vSection I of the table deals with materials. The second section deals with products. It shows separately each of the products projierly designated as rolled and forged steel and iron, but contains also a miscellaneous item, which includes the value added to such products in their conversion into more highly manufactured ai’ticlos by the same establishment, so that the total includes the entire value of output of the establishments in the industry. Tliis total and also the separate total for STATES, (^ITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 489 rolled and forged products alone include no duplica- tion of quantity or value of products within any given establishment itself, but there is considerable dupli- cation duo to the use of the product of one establish- ment as raw material for another establishment, whether the latter bo owned by a separate concern or by the same compan 5 ^ Section III of the table, headed “ Steel,” gives the entire quantity of crude steel produced by the steel works, including that subjected to further processes of manufacture whether by the establishment in which produced or by other establishments. The value of tliis steel appears, therefore, distributed among various items under Section II. Section IV of the table gives in detail the quantity and value of the more highly elaborated products made by the rolling mills them- selves from the rolling-mill products specified in Sec- tion II. The entire value of these products appears in Section II, either as part of the various items of rolled products or in the miscellaneous item of value added to rollmg-mill products by further manufacture. The fifth section of the table deals with products sold for export by rolling-mill concerns; it includes only the products so sold directly by the establishments producing them and not such as may be sent abroad by others who purchase from the manufacturer. The sixth section deals with equipment. In 1909 the rolled, forged, and cast-steel products specifically classified aggregated 26,723,274 tons, valued at $863,342,711, and in 1899, 15,055,626 tons, valued at $510,906,040, the increase in tonnage being 77.5 per cent and in value 69 per cent. The ton of 2,240 pounds is used in showing quantities except when otherwise stated. Table 57 1909 1904 1899 I. MATERIALS. Total cost Iron and steel : ^ For furnaces and hot rolls — $667,500,856 $441,204,432 $390,895,277 Tons 30,388,755 22,235,082 18,414,717 Cost Pig iron and ferroalloys — $515,769,588 $349,971,512 $315,726,895 Tons 19,076,889 12,191,228 10,411,281 Cost Pig iron— $297, 471, 122 $172, 101, 436 $151,064,348 Tons 18,712,304 (’) Cost Ferroalloys — spiege 1 ei s e n , ferromanganese, etc. — $282,663, 740 (2) Tons 364,585 (2) Cost Scrap, including old rails not in- tended for rerolling — $14,807,382 (*) (*) Tons 4,803,617 5, 124, 277 4,126,980 Cost Ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rerolling rails, and sheet and tin-plate bars — $72, 722,831 $67,601,248 $66,852,621 Tons 6,508,249 4,920,177 3,876.456 Cost Rolled forms for f urther manufacture — Skelp — $145,575,635 $110,268, 828 $97,809,926 Tons 176,717 259,643 (*) Cost Wire rods — $5,704,856 $7,331,935 Tons 146, 425 161,914 136,725 Cost Iron ore: $4, 252, 695 $4,774,383 $5, 419, 617 Tons 835,338 549,995 346,310 Cost $4,292,963 $2,396,792 $1,348,809 All other materials $127, 480, 754 $76, 729, 810 $68,399,956 For footnotes Tablo 5 7 — Continued. II. PKOnUCTS. Total value Rolled, forged, and other classified products, steel and iron: Tons Value Rails— Tons Value Bessemer steel— Tons Value Open-hearth steel, basic — Tons V alue Rerolled or renewed rails — Tons Value Rail fastenings (splice bars, tie- plates, fishplates, etc.) — Tons Value Structural shapes, not including plates used for making girders- Tons Value Steel- Tons Value Open-hearth — Tons Value Bessemer— Tons Value Iron — Tons Value Bars and rods, including mer- chant, shovel, finger, and horse- •shoe bars, spike, chain bolt, and nut rods, etc. (but not in- cluding wire rods, sheet and tin- plate bars, splice bars, and bars for reenforced concrete): Tons Value Bars for reenforced concrete: Tons yalue Wire rods: Tons Value Plates and sheets, not including black plates or sheets for tin- ning, nail and tack plates, tie- plates, fishplates or armor plates: Tons Value Black plates, or sheets, fortinning: Tons Value Skelp, flue and pipe: Tons Value Hoops, bands, and cotton ties: Tons Value Nail and tack plates: Tons Value Axles, car, locomotive, automo- bile, wagon, carriage, etc., rolled or forged: Tons Value Armor plates, gun forgings, and ordnance: Tons Value Blooms, billets, and slabs, pro- duced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company : Tons Value Rolled forging blooms and billets produced for sale or fortransferto other works of same company: Tons Value Sheet and tin-plate bars produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value Muck and scrap bar produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value All other rolled steel or iron: Tons Value ‘ $985,722,634 26,723,274 $863,342,711 2,858,599 181,128,295 1,643,527 $44, 727, 515 1,21.5,072 $30, 400, 780 106,352 $2,683,017 396,911 $14,488,412 2, 123,630 $65,564,593 2, 102,300 $64,853,466 6 1,934,230 $59,789,948 168,070 $5, 063, 518 21,330 $711,127 3,784,248 $121,488,423 191,358 $5,588,963 2, 295, 279 $61,947,958 3,332,733 $133,272,393 631,435 $30,955,967 2,084,286 $64,514, 728 341,043 $10,429,681 68,557 $2,540,022 102,348 $3,831,344 26,845 $10,649,079 4,887, 796 $108,514, 747 84,383 $2,247,133 1,652,761 $37,745,269 174,496 $4,986,211 566,627 $39,570,061 » $ 673 , 965,026 18,218,233 $585,288, 243 ' 2, 194, 605 $58,250,750 2,065,024 $54,627,488 128, 681 $3, 608, 562 99,530 $2,480,328 174,055 $5,663,052 954, 537 $32,730, 901 950,062 $32,585,701 618,391 $21,496,531 331,671 $11,089,170 4, 475 $145, 200 1899 2,442,810 $84,069,122 1,792,704 $52,995,031 1,856,469 $77,802,001 504,025 $25,297,079 1,557,690 $46, 780,202 337,223 $12,760,010 86,601 $2,462, 076 83,585 $2,875,829 94 i*?*? $10, 549’ 620 4,823,585 $109, 611,104 $ 597 , 211,716 15,0.55,026 $510,906,040 < 2, 251,. 337 $46, 533, 1,59 2,2,50,457 $46,501,979 150,926 $3,940,998 377, 665 $16, 743, 727 (>) (’) (^) 856, 983 $29,361,522 829,892 $28,309,966 506,092 $19,928,249 263,800 $8,381,717 27,091 $1,0.51,556 2,493,159 $100,597,221 916,587 $35,529,529 1,488,066 $68,109,223 394,014 $20,967,806 1,195,189 $49, 159,747 97,664 $3,116,558 102,606 $4,482,937 15,302 $7,526, 479 4,172,286 $96,321,887 203,681 $5,940,587 506,880 $19,202,606 see page 490. 490 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS-MANUFACTURES TalHo 5 7— Continued. II. rnoDUCTs— contlnuod. Rolled, forged, and other cla-sslfied products, steel and iron— Continued. Ingots produred for sale or for Iraii.s- ler to other works of same com- pany: 'tons Value Direct steel castings: Tons Value All other forged steel and iron, not including remanufactures of roll- ing-mill products: Tons Value All other products Miscellaneous steel and iron prod- ucts not rolled, including value added to iron and steel rolling- mill products by further manufac- ture Scrap steel or iron produced for sale or for transfer to other works of same company: Tons Value All products other than steel and iron in. STEEL. Total production: Tons V'alue (included above) Classified according to process: Open-hearth — Tons Value Basic- Tons Value Acid— Tons Value Bessemer — Tons Value Cinicible and miscellaneous— Tons Value Classified according to form: Ingots — Tons Value Castings— Tons Value Duplex proem— open-hearth steel partly purified in Bessemer converters before | finishing in open-hearth furnaces (in- | eluded above), tons Alloyed steels, nickel, tungsten, titanium, ' chrome, vanadium, etc. (included j Classified according to process; j Basic i Bessemer [ Crucible and miscellaneous Classified according to form,- Ingots i Castings [ rV. MANUFACTURES FROM ROLLTNG-MILL PRODUCTS. I (Made in mill producing, value pre- viously included.) Wire and wire products: Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Pipes and tubes: Wrought welded — Tons Value Seamless, hot-rolled or drawn— Tons Value All other, including clinched, rivet- ed, etc., but not including cast: Tons Value Bolts, nuts, rivets, forged spikes, washers, etc. : Kegs (200 pounds) Value Cut nails and spikes: Kegs (too pounds) Value 1909 ItHlI 1899 142,745 196, 404 i 103, 707 $3,593,726 $3,98.5,310 $2,781,145 .504,8.56 287,325 177,1.56 $38, 862, 448 $20,600,136 $14,009,893 365,986 274,061 81,009 $18,740, 241 $15,084,967 $6, 665,741 $122,379,823 $88, 676,783 $86,305,676 $86,534,369 $61,977,284 (2) 1,238,554 877,177 (H $18,163,624 $11,079,831 (’) $17,681,830 $15,619,668 (’) *23,473,718 6 13,066,408 10,685,000 $478,736,988 $260,884,712 $212,538,875 14,192,278 $293,528,201 5,817,957 3,044,356 $120,322,707 $71,855,172 13,210,419 $262,529,822 5,062,152 2,153,835 $94,390,927 $43,509,506 981,8.59 755,805 890,521 $30,998,379 $25,931,780 $28,345,-600 9,174,067 7,768,141 7,532,028 $177,064,776 $134,549,580 $132,113,984 107,373 80,310 108,616 $8,144,011 $6,012,425 $8,569,719 22,968,862 13,379,083 10,507,844 $439,874,540 $240,284,576 $197,928,982 504,856 287,325 177,156 $.38,862,448 $20,600,136 $14,609,893 522,682 (') (') 158,216 (') (') 100,335 (') (’) 86,242 (') (') 14,093 (') (') 45,324 0) (') 12,557 (0 0) 151,300 (') : 6,916 (0 ■ ! ^) 1,634,855 1,410,494 879,290 $71,624,024 $07,551,443 $47,728,784 1,314,771 849,047 (') $68,471,573 $43,985,728 (’) 54,273 $5,650,739 20,030 C) $2,290,234 (’) 17,561 $986,699 4,471,985 3,105,827 $13,854,635 (') $20, .538, 858 (H 1,009,319 1,311, .549 1,658,443 $2,218,207 $2,394, laS $3,292,063 1900 1904 1899 IV. MANUFACTURES FROM ROLLING-MILL PRODUCTS— continued. Horse and mule shoes: Kegs (200 pounds) Value Springs, car, furniture, and ail other, not including wire springs: Tons Value Switches, frogs, crossings, etc.: Tons Value Galvanized plates or sheets: Tons Value Stamped ware: Tons Value Shovels, spades, scoops, etc 996,383 $7,202,897 0,191 $374,924 28,008 $2,471,008 431,058 $25,912,050 24,012 $2,296,707 $540,321 V. PRODUCTS SOLD FOR EXPORT. (By establishments producing.) Total tons Rails Rail fastenings Pipes and tubes, wrought welded Sheet and tin-plate bars Plates and sheets Galvanized plates or sheets Structural shapes Bars and rods Wire rods Biooms, billets, and slabs Skelp Miscellaneous VI. EQUIPMENT. Steel plants: Daily capacity of steel fur- naces and converters, tons of steel, double turn Open-hearth furnaces — N umber Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Basic- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Acid- Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Converters, Bessemer or modified Bessemer— Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn Crucible furnaces — Number N umber of pots that can be used at a heat Daily capacity, tons of steel, double turn All other steel furnaces— Number Daily capacity, tons of steel, doiible turn Metal mixers — Number Capacity, tons Rolling mills: Daily capacity of rolled steel and iron, double turn, tons 867,646 317,455 20,118 89,377 85,123 80,706 79,246 69,764 48,938 18,738 18,021 10,703 29, 457 108.716 687 61,601 549 55,273 138 6,328 101 48,823 257 3,840 840 16 292 59 14,343 150, 403 768,253 $5,483,137 22,022 $1,708,632 C) C) C) $292,923 $410,500 (') h (') (') (’) (0 (’) 76, 482 481 34,243 339 26,902 142 7,341 81 41,448 146 2,457 693 36 98 (’) (•) 105,591 (’) a) (H (’) (') (’) C) C) C) 53,745 307 18,245 168 12, 151 139 6, 094 70 34,925 159 2,528 575 C) (') C) 56 86, 964 1 Includes materials purchased or transferred to the establisliment reporting from other works of the company. 2 Not reported separately. 3 In addition, steel castings and rolled steel valued at $6,627,039 in 1909 and $:347,204 in 1904 were produced by establishments engaged primarily in tlie manu- facture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. < Includes 900 tons of iron rails, valued at $20,700, in 1904, and 880 tons, valued at $31,180, in 1899. * Includes 149,688 tons of steel, valued at $4,537,625, not distributable by kind into open-hearth or Bessemer. 1 In addition, 49,481 tons of steel, valued at $4,140,344. in 1909, and 4,184 tons, valued at $347,264, in 1904, distributed as to tonnage as indicated below, were pro- duced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation: 1909 1904 49,481 ' 36,099 6,060 7,316 5,102 44,379 4, 184 2, 440 774 970 Classified according to process: Classified according to form: 4, 184 I Not reported. 491 STATES, (CITIES, AND LNDUSTRII^:S. The following table gives, for lOOD, statistics of materials consumed, classified as purchased or as pro- duced by the establishment consuming, and statistics of jiroducts, classified as sold or as consumed b}^ the establishment producing. This information was not secured at former censuses. Eighty per cent of tlie pig iron used was made in blast furnaces operated by the consumer. The difference between the 15,252,736 tons of pig-iron material reported as produced by the consumer and the 15,858,203 tons reported in the table for blast furnaces as made for consumption in works of the producer — a little over 600,000 tons — represents the consumption in foundries and other shops owmed by the producing companies but not covered by the preceding table. Table 58 QUANTITY (TONS). MATERIAL. Produced by the company reporting— Total. In the works where con- sumed. Trans- ferred from other works of the company. Pur- chased. Produced and purchased. Pig iron and ferroalloys 19,076,889 18,712,304 15,252,736 15, 108,244 3.824,1.53 3,604,060 Pig iron Ferroalloys — spiegeleisen, fer- romanganese, etc Scrap 364, 585 9,929,710 5, 126,093 144, 492 773,843 220,093 4,029,774 Ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar, rerolling rails, and sheet and tin-plate bars, not pro- 6, 508, 249 1,578,290 3,080,672 35,221 3,427,577 Skelp 1,401,573 ' 14i;496 Wire rods 1,465,221 1,318,796 128,291 18,134 QUANTITY (TONS). PRODUCT. For consumption — Total. In the works pro- ducing. Trans- ferred to other works of the company For sale. Consumed and sold. Steel ingots 22,968,862 22,826,117 112,301 30, 444 Open-hearth 13,725,783 13,626,241 72, 4.33 27,109 Basic 12,952,840 12,864,514 69,815 18,511 Acid 772,943 761,727 2,618 8,598 Bessemer 9, 145, 542 9, 103,816 39,726 2,000 Crucible and miscellaneous. . . 97,537 96,060 142 1,335 Blooms, billets, and slabs Rolled forging blooms and billets . 16,263,418 11,375,622 3,045,977 1,841,819 160,997 76,614 84,383 Muck and scrap bar 1,366,324 1,191,828 20,065 154,431 Sheet and tin-plate bars Bars and rods 2,094,398 3,784,248 2,295,279 441,637 632, 679 1,318,796 27,353 1.62.5,408 3,151,569 511,322 Wire rods 46^ iei Plates and sheets Black plates and sheets 3,332,733 631,435 463,665 61.954 2,807,114 56,275 580,686 25,867 393,377 Skelp .'. Nail and tack plates 2,084,286 68,557 462,071 1,401.573 42,690 102^027 Miscellaneous rolled iron or steel.. 66,581 2,113 Miscellaneous forged iron or steel. . 365,986 64, 548 301,438 Scrap 6,364,647 5, 126,093 398,436 840. 118 Tin and terne plate. — The statistics for the tin and terne plate industry are given in the following table. Nearly 98 per cent of the black plates dipped were rolled by the establishment reporting. The value of all products was $47,969,645 in 1909 as com- pared with $31,892,011 in 1899, an increase of 50.4 per cent. The development of the tin and terne plate industry has taken place almost entirely within the last 20 years, the production in 1891 being only about 2,236,000 pounds, or less than one five-hun- dredth of the 1909 output. Tabic 59 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $41,889,434 $31,376,714 $26,728,150 Black plates or sheets; Pounds 11,321,071,691 2 1,019,008,657 *827,91.5, .599 Cost $28,981,151 $22,992,006 $20,668,848 Produced by the establishment reporting; Poimds 1,291,048, 109 943,798,583 Cost $28, 245, 234 $21,154,388 Purchased: Pounds 30,023,582 6 75,810,074 Cost $735, 917 $1,837,618 Coating metals: Pounds 40,927,759 32, 445, 104 27, 154,258 Cost $9,670,037 $7,075,722 $4,927,090 Tin, including tin contents of terne mixture purchased — Pounds 31,077,651 24,243,851 20,282,778 Cost $9,235,718 $6, 709, 164 $4,528,473 Lead, including lead contents of terne mi.xture purchased — Pounds 9, 850, 108 8,201,253 6,871,480 Cost $434,319 $366,558 $398,617 In condition purchased — Pig tin — Poimds 28,586, 267 («) («) $8, 490, 794 Pig lead — Pounds 2, 708, 496 («) («) $117,656 Terne mixture — Pounds 9,632,996 («) (‘) $1,061,587 All other materials $3,238,246 $1,307,986 $1,132,212 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $47,969,645 $35,283,360 $31,892,011 Tin and terne plates: Pounds 1,315,313, 132 1,026,384,851 849,004,022 Value $45,815,146 $34,549,543 $31,284, 145 Tin plates — Pounds 1,123,968,875 867,526,985 707,718,239 Value $38, 259,885 $28,429,971 $25,553,021 Terne plates — Poimds 191,344,257 158,857,866 141,285,783 Value $7,555,261 $6,119,572 $5,731,124 Other sheet iron or sheet steel tinned or terne-plated, taggers tin, etc.: Pounds 19, 400, 934 6,555,855 1,000,473 Value $520,465 $217, 476 $86,492 All other products $1,634,034 $516,341 $.521,374 EQUIPMENT. Tin or terne sets at end of year: Completed — N umber 563 598 *585 Usually employed on tin plates 450 478 (<) Usually employed on terne plates 113 120 (<) Daily capacity, single turn. pounds 2, 795, 972 3,261,298 2,732.901 Tin plates 2,055,915 2,694,115 2,003,538 Tenie plates 740,057 667, 183 729,363 Daily capacity as operated. whether on single, double. or triple turn, pounds 7,016,293 7, 121,350 (0 Building, number 49 (<) *53 Black-plate department of establish- merits making their black vlatcs: Hot black-plate mills at end of year— Completed— Number 335 315 *332 Annual capacity on triple turn, long tons 1,042,088 707,405 641,450 Building— Number 20 (') 8 23 Annual capacity on triple turn, long tons 36,600 (') 51,275 Cold mills, completed, number 268 272 *308 ' Domestic; no foreign plates reported; includes 8,726,538 pounds of iron plates; balance steel, not distributable by kind of steel. 2 Includes 83,900 pounds of foreign plates, costing $3,769; the domestic plate,s reported were distributed by kind as foilows; Bessemer steel, 911,603,989 pounds; open-hearth steel, 106,911,401 pounds; iron, 949,367 pounds. 2 Includes 2,358,607 pounds of foreign plates, costing $78,282. < Not reported. 5 Consumption of establisliments not equipped for the manufacture of black plates. « Terne mixture purchased not reported separately; contents reported as tin and lead. 1 In addition 8,389,200 pounds of tm and terne plate and taggers tin, valued at $398,143, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 8 Includes idle establishments. 492 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Wire. — The followin'^ table presents the statistics for wire manufactures in 1909. (bmparable statistics in detail for 1904 and 1899 are not available for the total wire production, as special reports were not se- cured prior to the present census from wire mills draw- inj^ wire from purchased I’ods. The total value of the steel and iron wire j)roduct more than doubled from 1899 to 1909. The total value of all wire and manufac- tures of wire reported in 1909 was $173,349,614, of which 69.6 per cent represents the value of products made from steel and iron, 27.2 per cent that of products made from copper, and 3.2 per cent that of products made from other metal, chiefly brass. Estab- lishments rolling wire from rods manufactured by them reported 54.3 per cent of the wire products in value, and mills tlrawing wire from purchased rods produced 45.7 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table GO Total. Wire mills (wire rods purchased). Wire depart- ments of rolling mills 1 (wire rods rolled). PRINCIPAL MATERIALS. Metal used, cost $116,655,427 $51,240,373 $64,415,054 Wire rods $112,799,516 $50,810,983 $01,988,533 Steel — Tons 2,514,501 850,729 1,06.3,775 Cost $07,439,887 $23,021,807 $44, 418,020 Open-hearth— Tons 1,359,256 285,961 1.073,295 Cost $38,532,177 $8, 536,. 361 $29,995,816 Basic— Tons 1,255,747 2.33,105 1,022,642 Cost $35,040,100 $6,695,310 $28,350,796 Acid — Tons 103,. 509 52,856 50,653 Cost $3,480,071 $1,841,051 $1,645,020 Bessemer— Tons 1,148,353 558,048 590,305 Cost $28,340,445 $13,936,178 $14,404,267 Crucible and other steel — Tons 0,895 6,720 175 Cost $567, 205 $549,328 $17,937 Iron— Tons 4,849 1,0.55 3,794 Cost $207,846 $62,203 $145,643 Copper — Tons 151,951 102,394 49,557 Cost $40,916,084 $27,462,312 $13,4.53,772 Other metal— 2 Tons 17,944 935 17,009 Cost $4,235,099 $264,601 $3,971,098 Purchased wire, plain or coated; Tons 57,922 8,943 48,979 Cost $2,855,911 $429,390 $2,426,521 PRODUCTS. Total value $180,083,622 $84,486,518 $95,597,004 Wire, and manufactures of wire $173,349,614 $79,249,869 $94,099,745 Steel and iron — Tons 2,471,858 821,929 1,649,929 Value $120,585,037 $47, 934, 204 $72,651,433 Wire drawTi for sale — Tons 820,451 343,905 482, 546 Value $.38,845,081 .$18,823,035 $20, 022, 046 Plain — Tons 472,046 188,846 283.200 Value $22,032,230 $11,349,868 .$11,282,362 Coated — Tons 354,405 155, 199,346 Value $10,212,851 $7,473,107 $8,739,084 Wire nails and spikes— Kegs (100 pounds) 13,920,861 3,449,753 10,477,108 Value $27,575,774 $7,142,047 $20,433,727 Wire brads, tacks, and staples— Tons 2,8,125 7,334 20,791 Value $1,324,170 $320, 224 $1,003,946 I Total. Wire mills (wire rods purchased). Wire depart- ments of rolling mills* * (wire rods rolled). PRODUCTS— continued. W ire and manufactures of wire— Contd. Steel and iron— Continued. Barb wire— Tons 323,565 76,268 247,297 Value $13,881,517 $3,343,856 $10,537,661 Woven wire, fencing, and poul- try netting— Tons 422, 127 115,889 306,238 Value $21,419,170 $6,724,077 $14,695,093 Wire rope and strand — Tons 45, 303 34,140 11,163 Value $6,683,771 $5,450,064 $1,233,707 Other manufactures— springs, bale ties, cold-rolled flat wire, etc.— Tons 129,945 71,906 58,039 Value .$10,856,154 $6,130,901 $4,725,253 Copper- Tons 154,231 102,604 51,627 Value $47,184,164 $30,831,646 $16,352,518 Wire drawn for sale — Tons 139, 482 102,418 37,064 Value $42,336,274 $30,736,728 $11,599,546 Manufactures of wire — Tons 14, 749 180 14,563 Value $4,847,890 $94,918 $4,752,972 Other metal — * Tons 17,407 1.048 16,359 Value $5,579,813 $484,019 $5,095,794 W ire drawn for sale — Tons 15,583 1,008 14,575 Value $4,993,376 $459,583 $4,533,793 Manufactures of wire — Tons 1,824 40 1,784 Value $586,437 $24, 436 $562,001 All other products $6,733,908 $5,236,649 $1,497,259 Wire drawn, whether for consumption or for sale, tons : Steel and iron 2,389,136 787,322 1,601,814 Copper 147,156 101,890 45,266 Other metal 2 17,411 1,051 16, 360 EQUIPMENT. Wire-drawing blocks: Number 3 43,697 28,119 15,578 Annual capacity, tons 3,213,574 1,065,250 2,148,324 Wire-nail machines: Number 4.428 1,207 3,221 Annual capacity (kegs of 100 pounds) 18, 756, 995 4,693,513 14,063,482 IVoven-wire fence machines: Number 446 198 248 Annual eapacitv, tons 481,373 134,803 346,570 1 Includes the wire departments of iron and steel; copper, and brass rolling mills. 2 Brass, bronze, Oerman silver, zinc, do., chiefly brass. * Includes rod, redrawing, and fine wire blocks. The comparative statistics for steel and iron wire products, 1909, 1904, and 1899, are as follows: Table G 1 PRODUCT, 1909 1904 1899 Total value $120,585,637 $47,934,204 1,649,929 $72,651,433 $83,353,956 $15,802,513 1,416,494 $67,551,443 $52,871,387 $5,142,603 879. 296 .$47,728,784 Wire departments of rolling mills: LEATHER AND ITS PRODUCTS. The prhnary or underlying industry of this group is the converting of liides and skins into leather by the various processes of tanning, tawing, currying, and finishing. The designation emjiloyed for this indus- try is “leather, tanned, curried, and finished.” The group also includes the manufacture of boots and shoes and the manufacture of leather gloves and mittens. 493 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Leather. — Tlie following table gives the statistics of the leather industry in detail for 1909, 1904, and 1899. The number of hides and skins treated, including those treated as custom work for others not tanners, curriers, or finishers, as well as those used in further manufacture by the establishments treating them, was 140,328,586 in 1909 and 131,011,956 in 1904. Comparative figures for this aggregate for 1899 are not available. Exclusive of custom work, 116,040,980 hides and skins, costing $195,058,557, were treated by tanneries in 1909, and 99,709,343, costing $123,545,969, in 1899, the increase in number being 16.4 per cent and that in cost 57.9 per cent. The increase for the decade in the number of hides used was 15.9 per cent; that in calf and Idp skins, 120.0 per cent; that in sheepskins, 0.4 per cent; and that in goatskins, less than 1 })er cent. The cost of })urchased rough leather used increased 43.4 per cent and that of all other materials, which include tanning and finishing materials, 76.1 per cent. The value of leather manufactured in 1909 was $306,476,720, as compared with $194,202,063 in 1899, an increase of 57.8 per cent, which is practically the same as the percentage of increase in the cost of hides and skins treated. There is considerable duplication in the value of products, due to the sale of leather in the rough as product of one establishment and its use as material in another. Table 62 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $248,278,933 $191,179,073 $155,000,004 Hides* (all kinds): Number 2 18,300,415 17.581,613 15,838,862 Cost $119,410, 767 $89,126,593 $77, 784, 760 Skins; * Number 97,680.571 90,625,064 83, 870, 481 Cost $75,047,790 $56, 341, 332 $45,701,209 Calf and kip — Number 19,732,038 12,481,221 8,944,454 Cost $31,790,572 $15,725,616 $10,792,485 Goat — ‘ Number 4S.077,0l>l 47,665,003 48,046,897 Cost $27,833,214 $26,756,012 $24,950,223 Sheep — Number 26.082,060 27,492,359 24, 507, 542 Cost $12,231,618 $10,547,883 $8, 457, 995 All other — ‘ Number 3 3, 788, 209 2,985,881 2,371,488 Cost $3,792,386 $3,311,821 $1,560,506 Rough leather purchased $9,556, 257 $10,852,655 $6,663,395 Whole sides — Number 1,468,213 2,414,102 1.086,592 Cost $4,967,781 $8, 136, 661 $3,534,097 Grains— Sides 525, 780 342, 332 16.5,938 Cost $1,201,842 $980, 260 $467, 125 Splits $1,442,505 $1,108,243 $1,320,589 All other $1,944,129 $627, 491 $1,341,584 AH other materials $43, 604, 119 $34,858,493 $24, 790, 640 PRODUCTS. Total value <$327,874,187 < $252,620,986 $204,038,127 Leather $306, 476, 720 $236,765,803 $194,202,063 Sole $88,331,713 $69,205,600 $55,481,625 Hemlock — Sides 7,903,728 9, 929, 964 9.810,996 Value $32,237,151 $32, 676. 015 $29,305,561 Oak— Sides 3,805,861 3, 607. 963 2,. 562, 814 Value $20,083,793 $19,157,805 $13,359,836 Union — Sides 5.756,227 4, 400,011 3,096,162 Value $28,375,815 $17,371,780 $12,807,262 Chrome— Sides 279, 436 (^) 2,100 Value Upper, other than calf or kip $1,634,954 (^) $8, 966 skins Grain, satin, pebble, etc. (side leather) — $39,951,460 $24,815,835 $25,311,838 Sides 7,946,769 6,850,469 8,141,093 Values $24, 198, 993 $15,487,252 $17,478,802 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued. Leather— Continued. U pper — Continued . Finished splits — Number 8, 134, 229 6,205,050 8,790,382 Value $7,410,740 $5,993,231 $6,740,502 Patent and enameled shoe — Sides 2,705,291 1,356,777 236,943 Value $8,341,727 $3,335,352 $1,092,534 Horsehides and coltskins — Number 1,342,938 1,529,395 223,378 Value $4,953,145 $4,596,065 $843,118 Calf and kip skins, tanned and finished — Number 19,012,064 12,014,223 8,264,272 Value $42,412,256 $22,508,335 $14,619,150 Grain finished — Number 17,516,910 10,211,885 7,112,859 Value $39,982,447 $18,996,551 $12,127,439 Flesh finished — Number 1,495,154 1,802,338 1,151,413 Value $2,429,809 $3,511,784 $2,491,711 Goatskins, tanned and finished — N umber 47,907,211 45,691,492 47,043,932 $35,672,981 Value $40,882,640 $37,887,349 Black — Number 40,351,192 40,019,614 38,176,810 Value $33,949,575 $.32,822,282 $29,050,886 Colored — Number 7,556,019 5,671,878 8,867,116 Value $6,933,065 $5,065,067 $6,622,095 Sheepskins, tanned and finished — Number 19,665, 155 20, 597, 598 20,290,985 Value $12,236,687 $11,168,829 $8,353,755 Belting— Sides 1,042,070 859, 564 1,472,016 Value • $6,995,133 $4,754,456 $7,092,778 Harness— Sides 3,946,235 4,369,561 3,444,616 V alue $24,802,734 $20, 274, 188 $16,712,056 Carriage, automobile, and furni- ture — Hides 1,398,842 827, 104 619,741 Value $14,266,742 $7,780,804 $5,748,387 Trunk, bag, and pocketbook Bookbinder’s $6, 198, 544 $4,920,750 $2,611,326 $2, 450, 155 $2,283,761 $1,688,413 Glove $4,913,543 $3,344,614 $3,084,837 Sold in rough ; . . $6,335,599 $10,180,949 $6,864,345 All other $11,746,369 $13,044,268 $10,117,454 All other products $8,&32,689 $7,665,223 $5,514,395 Work on materials for others $12,764,778 $8,189,960 $4,321,669 > In addition, in 1909, 1,903,278 hides and 27,930,887 skins and in 1904, 901,431 hides and 21,792,110 skins, were treated for others, not tanners, curriers, or finishers; and in 1909, 252,039 hides and 194,790 skins and in 1904, 12,453 hides and 39,285 skins were treated by establishments using the leather for further manufacture. 2 Cattle hides only, s Includes horsehides. < In addition, in 1909, leather to the value of $0,231,374, and in 1904 to the value of $154,932, was tanned, curried, or finished and consumed by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ^ Not reported separately. Boots and shoes. — The full designation for this in- dustry is “boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. The total value of products was $512,797,642 in 1909, as compared with $357,688,160 in 1904 and $290,047,087 in 1899, an increase for the decade of $222,750,555, or 76.8 per cent. In addi- tion, in 1909 there were boot and shoe products to the valueof $1,439,280, and in 1904 to the value of $89,000, 494 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. made by cstaldishmeiits engaged primarily in the manufacture of })roducts other than tliose covered l)y the industry designation. The schedule employed did not call for segregation of value of products. The following table sliows tlie number of pairs of the dih’erent kinds of shoes and slippers reported at each of the last three censuses. Table g:( KINO. NUMBER OF PAIR.S. ItKItl !!)04 1899 Boots and shoes 247,643,197 210,0.39,401 195,. 589, 173 Men’s 93,888,892 83,434,322 67,742,839 Boys’ and youths’ 2.3,8.38,620 21,717,236 21,0.30,479 Women's 86.595,314 09,470,876 64,972,653 Misses’ and children’s 43,320,365 41,416,907 41,843,202 Slippers 17,507,834 17,518,291 17,092,841 Men’s, boys’, and vouths’ 4,802,841 4,403,097 4,446,965 Women’s, misses’, and children’s 12,704,993 13,115,194 12,645,876 Infants’ shoes and slippers 15,000,721 0) (') All other 4,865,429 8,552,343 5,283,405 1 Not reported separately. There were 247,643,197 pairs of boots and shoes manufactured in 1909, 216,039,401 pairs in 1904, and 195,589,173 pairs in 1899, the increase being 26.6 per cent for the decade and 14.6 per cent for the 1904- 1909 period. In 1909 men’s boots and shoes formed 37.9 per cent of the total number of boots and shoes; women’s, 35 per cent; misses’ and children’s, 17.5 per cent; and boys’ and youths’, 9.6 per cent. The total output of slippers reported for 1909 was 17,507,834 })airs, practically the same as at each of the two preceding censuses. The figures indicate a con- siderable decrease since 1904 in women’s, misses’, and children’s slippers, but it is probable that infants’ shoes and slippers, reported separately in 1909, were to some extent included with children’s slippers in 1904. The number of pairs of the different kinds of boots, shoes, and slippers manufactured by the various meth- ods was reported for the first time in 1 909, and is shown in the next table. Of the total number manufactured, 43.2 per cent were of the McKay type, 35.3 per cent machine or hand welt, 10.6 per cent turned, 8.8 per cent wire-screw or metal-fastened, and 2.1 per cent wooden-pegged. Table «t NUMBER OF PAIRS. KIND. Total. Machine or hand welt. Turned. McKay. Wooden- pegged. Wire-screw or metal- fastened. Boots and shoes 247,643, 197 87,391,763 26,317,990 107,063,644 5,226, 161 21,043,639 Men’s 93,888,892 53,212,450 989,240 20,438,585 3,921,652 15,326,965 Boys’ and youths’ 23,838,626 4,423,934 50,377 15,016,611 567,939 3,779,765 Women’s 86, 595, 314 25,871,899 14,281,764 44,518,966 533,579 1,389,106 Misses’ and children’s 43, 320, 365 3,883, 480 10, 996, 609 27,089,482 202,991 1,147,803 Slippers 17,507,834 1,318,995 7,611,748 8,396,874 28,918 151,299 Men’s, boys’, and youths’ 4,802,841 648,007 1,733,742 2,286,652 16,851 117,589 Women’s, misses’, and children’s 12,704,993 070,988 5,878,006 6,110,222 12,007 33, 710 Infants’ shoes and slippers 15,000,721 1,979,593 11,447,508 1,520,072 41,731 11,817 All other 4, 865,429 1,429, 249 1,189,742 1,280,281 321,082 639,075 Gloves and mittens, leather. — The quantity and value of the different kinds of products reported for this branch of the leather industry for 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: 65 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value ■ $ 23 , 630,598 1 $ 17 , 740,385 1 $ 16 , 926,156 Gloves, mittens, and gauntlets: Dozen pairs 3,308,055 3,, 370, 146 5 2, 895, 661 Value $22,525,861 $17, 122,772 2316,0.39. 168 Men’s — Dozen pairs 2,585,977 2.915,415 2, 267, 327 Value $17,060,797 $14,515,770 $12,418,258 Lined — Dozen pairs 921,259 1,317,08,3 9,52,820 Value $5,222,174 $6,333,081 $4,959,902 Unlined— Dozen pairs 1,664,718 1,598,3.32 1.. 314, ,507 Value $11,838,023 $8, 182, (»9 $7,458,356 Women’s and children’s: Dozen jjairs 782, 678 4.54,731 604,330 Value $5, 4()5, 064 $2,607,002 $3,470,2,58 Lineil— Dozen pairs 365. 477 241,, 361 267,140 Value $1,718,198 $1,0,30.843 $1,247,916 Unlined— Dozen pairs 417,201 213.. 370 .3.37,181 Value $3,740,866 $1.576,1.59 $2,222,342 All other products $1,104,7.37 $617,613 $^880,988 1 In aIc «(>— ■ Contd. rnoDucT. Chemicals not elsewhere speclfjed— Continued. Copixjriis— rounds Value Phosphates of soda — I'ounds Value Tin salts— Pounds V aluo Zinc salts — Pounds Value Other chemicals By-products and residues soid to other" industries 1!)09 1904 1899 24,199,526 $71,081 8,815,059 $28,061 14,097,905 $58,581 35, 178, ,354 $634,292 12,018,815 $243,822 3, 478,350 $104,554 12, 992, 233 $1,194,546 9,573,719 $904,679 4, 677, 471 $470, 159 43, 204, 652 $1,477,486 $21,207,939 $4,530,024 (0 (U $13,289,416 $5, 743,070 (0 (’) 1 $15, 786, 497 ™ ' In J^^WBion, products to the value of $9,105,458 were produced by establish- ments engaged prirnarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, including the following: Acids: Acetic Hydrofluoric Muriatic Oleic Stearic Other a Sodas: Sal soda tons. . Othert tons. . Potashes -Mums Coal-tar distillery products Bleaching materials: Hydrogen per- oxide Bisulphite Other Pounds. 4,9.59,985 2,051,951 74,805,743 2,959,346 5,094,774 10,822 75,902 14,293,552 49,450,260 521,851 3,062,000 Value. $200,740 79,722 587,253 165,091 399,386 49,530 184,297 1,835,292 525,054 443,513 1,610,792 20, 124 23,650 20,703 ? Not including acids reported by manufacUirers of explosives and fertilizers izers reported by manufacUirers of paints and varnishes and fertil- coke including 4,871,014 pounds, value $448,455, reported by manufacturers of d Not including 52,518,919 poimds, value $6,790,264, reported by manufacturers ot so&p. 2 In addition, products to the value of $3,003,397 were produced by establish- engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the mdustry designation, including the following: Acids: Muriatic Stearic Hydrofluoric Other Sodas: Sal soda tons. . Caustic tons. . Other tons.. Alums Coal-tar distillery products Pounds. 47,018,080 1,750,000 1,217,578 1,763 14 14,200 33,074,349 Value. $431,938 140,000 71,668 146,716 29,561 068 363,765 532,185 238,645 Pounds. Bleaching materials: Bisulphite., tons. Glycerin 536 520,000 193,628 1,350,000 107,160 81,816 1,103,222 Ether Epsom salts Blue vitriol Copperas Tin salts Other chemicals $11,937 53,000 92, 466 13,500 5,994 586 188,301 742,467 3 See Table 80 for sulphmic, nitric, and mixed acids. ’ Not reported separately. produeT substances produced by the aid of electricity for additional 6 Not reported. Coke. — Table 67, whicli presents the statistics for the manufacture of coke, does not incliido those for gas-house coke, which are shown in Table 71. The total production of coke, including gas-house coke sold and that made and consumed in gas manufacture, was 41,947,949 tons in 1909 as compared with 27,857,441 tons in 1904, an increase of 50.6 jier cent. The gas- house coke included in these figures formed 6.3 per cent of the total product in 1909 and 9.9 per cent in 1904. The value of all products of the coke industry proper was $98,078,383 in 1909, $51,728,647 in 1904, and $35,585,445 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 175.6 percent. A marked feature of the industry is the increasing use of retort ovens. Although tho retort coke product was not reported separately in 1899, the by-products of this branch of the industry were given and aggregated $952,027 in value. In 1909 the value of the retort by-products was $8,112,900, The value of tho coke and by-products made by retort ovens constituted 29.1 per cent of the total value of all products of the industry in 1909. Of the total value of the products made by retort ovens, two-fifths is contributed by the by-products. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 67 MATERIALS. 1 Pounds. Value. Pyroxylin plastics.. $282,560 Compressed or liq- uefied gases; Anhydrous am- moniac 107,710 40,923 Carbon dioxide.. . 454,354 19,262 Laughing gas 24,500 4,900 Oxygen gais. . 23,826,325 79,319 Other 9,072 4,779 Chloroform 8,250 Acetone 2,007,560 210,287 Glycerin d 1,022,920 123,472 Blue vitriol 37,185,585 1,496,645 Copperas 3,031,566 53,372 Phosphates of soda. 310.588 27,034 Zinc salts 4,312,988 103,503 Other chemicals 505,183 Total cost Coal charged into ovens: Tons Run of mine — Unwashed AV ashed Slack — Unwashed AA' ashed Cost All other materials. PRODUCTS. Total value Coke: 3 Tons Value Made in beehive ovens— Tons Value Tons Value ’ ’ By-products obtained from retort or by- product ovens — Gas made, cubic feet (thousands) . Used in process or wasted, cubic feet (thousands) Sold— Cubic feet (thousands) Value Tar- Gallons Value !!!!!. Ammonia, sulphate or reduced to equivalent in sulphate — Pounds Value ^ Anhydrous ammonia — Pounds Value Ammonia liquor — Gallons Value All other EQUIPMENT. Ovens, number in existence at end of year Building at end of year Abandoned during the year 1909 1904 . i$65,.388,124 $29,884,532 . ‘59,354,937 36, 781,006 40,594,842 24.872,731 6,007,760 2,649,251 6, 926, 484 4,414,326 5,825,851 4,844,698 . 1162,203,382 $28,360,121 $3, 184, 742 $1,524,411 ‘$98,078,383 2$51, 728,647 39,315,065 24,733,063 $89, 965, 483 $49,002,051 33,060,421 22,516,280 $69, 530, 794 $42,885,773 6,254,644 2, 216, 783 $20,434,689 $6, 116, 278 76,590, 763 18, 761, 101 60,799,543 14,878,301 15,791,220 3,882,800 $2, 609,211 $684, 464 60.126,006 23,074,225 $1,408,611 $551,836 123,111,197 26,0,50,713 $3,227,316 $681, 427 4, 871,014 (0 $448, 455 (0 (‘) 4,339,679 0) $697, 644 $419, 307 $111,225 103, 982 76, 099 2, 950 2,127 201 178 1899 $19,665,532 30,157,829 20, 844, 637 1, 457, 961 5,036,675 2,818,556 $18,355, 252 $1,310,280 $35,585,445 19, 640, 798 $34,633, 418 (6 (<) (9 (9 (9 1,171,943 $225,022 10, 468, 733 $207,952 11,984,931 $330, 921 (9 1,572, 325 $180,642 $7, 490 47, 142 (9 (9 ■ I ■ Includes coal and coking products produced by establishments engaged prima- rily m the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry desig- unwashed, 566,539 tons, cost, $1,363,597; products valued at $2,381,761, comprising retort coke, 415,472 tons, valued at $1,464,162; tar, 4,398,576 pllons, valued at $87,639; ammonium sulphate, 9,952,744 pounds, valued at $235,605; gas sold, 2,100,915 thousand cubic feet, valued at $534,075; and of'.er prod- ucts, $60,280. 2 In addition, 410,225 tons of coke, valued at $1,302, .572, wore produced by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 The statement for coke made in gas establishments will be found in detail under thecla-ssification “Gas, illuminating and healing.”, I Not reported. s Reported in part as anhydrous ammonia and in part as ammonium sulphate or reduced equivalents. Dyestuffs and extracts. — The statistics for dyestuffs and extracts giA^en in Table 68 cover tho products of establishments manufacturing the same for sale, and do not include those made by dye and })rint works or tanneries and consnmotl by tho same in further pro- cesses of manufacture. The total value of products Avas $15,9.54,574 in 1909 and $7,350,748 in 1899, an increase of 117 por cent. Tho chief products were oak and chestnut extract, 497 STATES, CITU^:S, AND INDUSTPJl’^S. which togetlior increased almost ninefold in quantity and oven more in value during the decade. Artificial dyestuffs nearly doubled in quantity and in value, hut the production of natural dyestuffs (included under "All other products”) has fallen off greatly, the value of the product being $1,035,711 in 1899 and only $233,935 in 1904. It was materially less in 1909, but can not bo shown separately without disclosing individual operations. The census report on Forest Products for 1909 gives 386,817,895 pounds as the total consump- tion of tanning extracts in that year, which quantity exceeds the quantity of oak, chestnut, hemlock, and su- mac extracts here reported by over 83,000,000 pounds. This difference can be taken as representing approxi- mately the amount of tanning extract imported or made and consumed in tanning establishments. Table 68 PRODUCT. 190!) 1899 Total value 1 $15,354,574 •$10,893,113 $7,350,748 Artificial ilyestufis: Pounds Value Extracts: Hemlock- Pounds Value Logwood- Pounds Value Oak and chestnut- 12,267,399 $3, 402, 436 12, .588, 078 $280, 487 22,317,248 $991,974 4,600,462 81,764,454 18,8.33.450 $406,619 29, 799, 606 $1,472,047 6,581,850 $1,806, 730 26,011,714 $563,591 39,252,743 $1,485,971 Pounds, Value.. . Sumac- Pounds Value.. , Ground sumac: Pounds Value Ground bark: 287,908,285 $6,061,162 3,148,790 $107, 456 554,032 $24,531 156,520,123 $2,411,184 4,09.3,619 $95,958 5,061,333 $65, 190 28,983,0.36 $529,670 .4,349,742 $103,085 9,284,000 $114,660 Pounds Value Ground and chipped wood: Pounds Value 25, 142,076 $176,510 15,046,954 $143,720 38,001,017 $249, 101 9,999,906 $95, 237 27,028,000 $149,365 12.690,037 $201,931 Gums and dextrins: Pounds Value Iron liquors: Pounds Value Mordants: Pounds Value Sizes: Pounds Value Tannic acid; Pounds V alue Turkey-red oil; 16,148,931 $010,999 3,079,418 $30,282 1,7.35,887 $69, 515 .54,0.54,711 $1,735,600 5,085,748 $249, 297 6,6.51,731 $231,708 1,860.744 $.30,757 733,245 $64, 656 7,812,433 $217,859 5, 165,500 $200, 136 954,240 $7,525 734,000 $85,466 101,920 $2,548 1,326,515 $149,662 Pounds Value Other tanBing liquors: Pounds Value 1,048,719 $72,053 9,285,048 $.365,304 3,022,470 $159,666 44,418,929 $1,704,243 2,210,000 $14,757 16, 144, 292 $405,659 All other products $1,573,248 $1,724,298 $1,730,128 ‘In addition, dyestuffs and extracts, to the value of $8.34,102, in 1909 and $19,111 in 1904, were produced by establLshraents engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Including a small production of natural dyestuffs in 1909, a production in 1904 valued at $233,935, and a production in 1899 valued at $1,035,711. Note.- The following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: 1909 1904 Ground and chipped wood pounds. . 936, 578, 482 524, 505, 744 Ground bark pounds. . 293,062, 168 40,390,640 Groimd leaves pounds. . 1,955,040 3,586,171 Explosives. — Table 69 presents the statistics for the explosives industry. The value of all products was $40,139,661 in 1909 as compared with $17,125,418 in 1899, an increase of 134.4 per cent. 72497°— 13 32 The production of explosives in the industiy proper was 469,481,252 pounds in 1909, 360,980,734 pounds in 1904, and 215,980,720 ])ounds in 1899, an increase for the decade of 117.4 per cent. If the explosives made by establishments operated by the Federal Government and by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of other products be added, the total production in 1909 was 471 ,181,650 pounds. The output of dyna- mite formed about three-eighths of the total output of explosives, and itswilue approximately one-half of the total value of explosives reported. The most important product in respect to quantity of output was blasting powder, including "permissible explosives.” Permis- sible explosives, known in Pennsylvania as safety ex- plosives, were reported separately for the first time in 1909. They are specially designed for use in dusty and gaseous coal mines. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Tahle 69 1909 1904 1899 MATERIALS. Total cost $22,811,548 $17,203,657 $10,334,974 Nitrate of soda: Tons 188,889 133,034 88,524 Cost $7,892,336 $5,608,557 $2,902,866 Acids: Mixed — Pounds 51,764,694 105,552,404 66,906,140 Cost Nitric— $1,512,626 . $3,093,429 $1,505,754 Pounds 7,591,756 2,699,500 467,587 Cost $541,:314 $122,047 $17,171 Sulphuric— Tons 22,501 18,298 7,864 Cost $406,204 $247,301 $1.30,699 Sulphur or brimstone: Tons 17,389 19,574 12,742 Cost $367,866 $507,469 $317,383 All other materials $12,091,202 $7,624,804 $5,461,101 PRODUCTS. Total value >$40,139,661 2 $29,602,884 $17,125,418 Djmamite: Pounds 177,155,851 130,920,829 85,846,456 Value $18,699,746 $12,900, 193 $8,247,223 Nitroglycerin, sold as such: Pounds 28,913,253 7,935,930 3,618,692 Value $3, 162, 434 $1,620,117 $783,299 Blasting powder: Kegs (25 pounds) 9.. 339, 087 8,217,448 .3,907,012 Value $9, 608, 265 $7,377,977 $3,857,974 Permissible explosives; Pounds 9,607,448 {“) Value $863,209 (=) (’) Gunpowder: Pounds .’ '12,862,700 10,383,944 25,638,804 Value $1,736,427 $1,541,483 $1,452,377 Other explosives: < Pounds 7,464,825 0,303,825 3,201,468 Value $3,913,787 $4.256, 193 $2,610,103 All other products $2,155,793 $1,900,921 $174,442 ' In addition, 1,481,042 pounds, to the value of $802,948, were made by Federal establishments, and 219,3.56 pounds, to the value of $135,979, by establishments en- gaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the in- dustry designation. 2 In addition, 1,104,532 pounds, to the value of $690,032, were made by Federal establishments and by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 3 Not reported separately. ' Includes smokeless powder and guncotton or pyroxylin, to avoid disclosing operations of individual establishments. Note.— T he following products were made and consumed in the establishments where produced ; 1909 1904 Saltpeter pounds. . 12,0,50,225 3, 559, 376 N itroglycerin 70,289,067 44,077,828 Sulphuric acid tons. . 42, 555 .30,994 Nitric acid 31,484 18,988 Charcoal bushels. . 737,884 5, 000, 220 1,156,918 Nitrate of ammonia pounds. . 10,904,319 6,299,3i7 498 AJ3STR,ACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACrrURES. Fertilizers. — The following table giving statistics fertile fertilizer industry does not include the ])roduet of estahlislunents engaged primarily in the manufacture of jiroducts other than fertilizers, chief of which are slaughtering and meat-packing establishments and cottonseed-oil mills. The value of all jiroducts of the industry jirojier, which includes some that ai’c not fer- tilizers, was .flOd, 900,213 in 1909, as coinjiared with $44,0.57,385 in 1899, an increase of 132.8 jier cent. Including the fertilizer by-jiroducts of other indus- tries, the total production of fertilizers in 1909 was 5,018,234 tons, valued at $100,089,971. During the jieriod 1899-1909 the tonnage of the fertilizer prod- ucts of the establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of fertilizers increased 87.5 per cent. Some of the materials, such as sulphuric acid, are the products of establishments engaged in this industry, and therefore are dujilicated in the total value of ]:)roducts. The ton of 2,000 founds is used in showing quantities. Table 70 190!) 1904 1899 1909 1904 MATERIALS. PRODUCTS. $69,521,920 $39,287,914 $28,958,473 3$I03,960,213 3$56,541,253 .\mmoniates: Fertilizers: Tods 778, (139 Tons 5,240, 164 3,267, 777 $16,065,978 >$9,915,648 >$9,934,145 $92; 369, 631 $.50,460; 694 Ammonium sulphate: Superphosphates from minerals. Tons ('i3,381 10,540 4, 120 bones, etc.— Cost S3, 640, 592 $000,856 $186, 609 Tons 1,201.354 766, 338 Kainit: Value $13', 318, 529 $7, 515, 257 Tons 322, 720 190, 493 54,700 Ammoniated — $2, 783, 658 $1,891,073 $520, 833 472. 757 775,987 Nitrate of soda: Value $10,061,193 $12,90i:057 Tons 85.714 42,213 19,518 Concentrated phosphate— $3,730, 070 $1,760, 432 $709,841 313, 888 (2) Phosphate rock: Value $3, 638: 210 (') Tons 1,529, 124 888,571 787, 927 Complete — $8,621,094 $4,244,554 $3,554,174 2,717, 797 1,329, 149 Potash salts: Value $57, 243', 899 $25, 673, 511 Tons 257, 766 122, 107 (’) Other — $7,327,549 $3,606,701 $3, 098, 400 Tons 534,3(>8 394, 703 Pyrites: Value $8, 107: 800 $4,370;869 Tons 456, 574 342, 962 288, 778 Sulphuric acid (reduced to 50° Baum6): $2,831,994 $2, 020, 759 $1, 466, 285 Tons 153,057 24, 502 Sulphuric acid: Value $923, 492 $194,578 Tons 603, 672 197,865 231,527 Other acids — $3,312, 687 $1,084,304 $1,355,382 Tons 30,651 45.689 Sulphur or brimstone: Value $611,288 $241,506 Tons 4,236 4,210 12, 728 $68, 924 $92, 234 $268, 670 All other products $10,055,802 $5,644,475 Superphosphates: Tons 415,656 320,559 286, 898 Cost $3,946, 440 $2,912,010 $2,176,245 Fish $3, 031, 437 $847, 142 $183, 542 All other materials $14,161,497 $10,312,201 $5,. 504, 347 1899 $44,657,385 2, 794, 705 $40,545,601 923, 198 $8, 471,943 142, 898 $2,449,388 (») (9 1, 436. 682 $25,446,046. 291,927 $4, 178, 284 71,176 $437, 925 0 ) $17, 872 $3, 655, 927 > Includes for 1904, 125,888 tons of ammoniates classified as such, valued at $2,445,051; cottonseed meal, valued at $2,376,448; and bones, tankage, and offal, valued at $5,094,149; and for 1899, cottonseed meal, valued at $167,410; and bones, tankage, and offal, valued at $9,706,735. 2 Not reported. 3 In addition, in 1909, 231,287 tons of complete fertilizer, valued at $4,800,832; 49,632 tons of ammoniated fertilizer, valued at $943,197; 22,615 tons of superphos- phates, valued at $426,302; 63,581 tons of “other” fertilizer, valued at $1,365,931; 10,955 tons of concentrated phosphate, valued at $178,078; and other products to the value of $190,928; and in 1904, fertilizers, to the value of $2,069,714, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Note. — T he following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced: 1909 1904 .Void phosphate Sulphuric acid fon.s. . tons. . 1.838,865 841,935 884.211 692,904 Gas, illuminating and heating. — The statistic.s for the gas industry jiresented in Talile 71 include onU those establishments which made gas as their main product. The total jiroduction of gas made for sale by such establishments and by retort coke ovens combined — but not including the by-jiroducts of establishments outside these two ind.ustrif's — was in 1909, 166,627,013 thousand cubic feet, valued at $141,224,520; in 1904, 116,432,779 thousand cubic feet, valued at $113,347,032; and in 1899, 68,265,496 thousand cubic feet, valued at $69,657,604. The in- crease in quantity for the jieriod 1899-1909 was thus 144.1 per cent, and that in value 102.7 |)er cent. In addition to the jiroduct above rejiorted for 1909, 1,730,563 thousand cubic feet were made and con- sumed in gas jilants and 60,799,543 thousand cubic feet were made and consumed or wasted by retort coking establishments. There is also a large con- sumjition of jiroducer gas and blast-furnace gas by establishments in other industries wliich produced the gas themselves. The value of jiroducts of the illuminating-gas indus- try jirojier aggregated $166,814,371 in 1909 as com- pared with $75,716,693 in 1899, an increase of 120.3 jier cent. Only aliout four-lifths of this value rejire- sents that of the gas itself. The industry shows a jirogressive decrease from census to census in unit values for all kinds of gas with theexcejitionof acetylene gas. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used for showing (juantities. STATI^]S, (^ITIKS, AND INDUSTHII^^S. 499 Table 71 1900 1904 18it9 MATERIALS. Total cost $52,427,844 1 $37,180,066 $20,605,356 Coal; Tons 4,940,598 4, 431 , 774 2,487,287 Cost $16, 304,832 $14,607,485 $7,164, 472 Oil; Gallons 579,057,152 410,989,564 194,857,296 Cost Coke; $17,345,750 $15,015,602 $8, 168, 657 Tons ,591,919 435, 534 217,354 Cost $2,667,706 $1,602, 762 $726, 736 All other materials $16,109,556 $5,954, 217 $4,545,491 PRODUCTS. Total value : $166,814,371 $125,144,945 $75,716,693 Gas; s Cubic feet (thousands) 150,835,793 112,549,979 67,093,553 Value $138, 615, 309 $112,662,568 $69. 432, 582 Straight coal — Cubic feet (thousands) 19,985,2,53 12,693.034 C) Value $18,065,841 $12,868,604 (0 Straight water— Cubic feet (thousands) 1,726,082 715,550 (<) Value $1,289,031 $832, 440 C) Carburetted water— Cubic feet (thousands) 79,418,486 54,687,418 (0 Value $69, 513, 749 $48,071,180 W Mixed coal and water— Cubic feet (thousands) 40,775,283 40,980,414 C) Value $36,953, 543 $45, 605, 263 (') Oil— Cubic feet (thousands) 8,688,860 3,441,3,52 (^) Value $12,111,458 $5,141,460 (‘) Acetylene — Cubic feet (thousands) 25,186 7,881 C) Value $361,348 $104, 267 (<) All other— Cubic feet (thousands) 216,643 24, 330 (*) Value $320,339 $39, 354 W Coke; Bushels 82,049,683 89, 146, 434 Value $5,723,215 $5, 195, 461 Tar; Gallons 5 78, 339, 880 67,515,421 ■ $4,283,204 Value $1,875,549 $2,064, 343 All other products '$13,556,908 $972, 992 Receipts from rents and sales of lamps and appliances $7,043,390 $4, 249, 581 $2,000,907 1 Does not include $4,013,885 paid for lamps and appliances. 2 In addition, products of gas manufacture to the vaiue of $261,802 were pro- duced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. The items covered by these products were 27,558 (thousands) cubic feet of coal gas, valued at $29,419; 13,070 thousands) cubic feet of acetylene gas, valued at $224,618; 44,347 bushels of coke, valued at $3,399; 38,370 gallons of tar, valued at $1,372; and receipts from sale of lamps and appliances to the amount of $2,994, 2 Statistics of the gas made in coke establishments are shown in detail under the classification “Coke,” < Not reported ,separately. s In addition, there were 13,813,058 gallons for which no value was reported, « Includes 49,720,220 gallons of ammonia liquor, valued at $725,702, and 1,154,319 pounds of hydrocarbons, valued at $44,509, Note.— T he following products were made and consumed in establishments where produced; 1909 1904 Coke Tar Gas, cubic feet bu.shels. . gallons. . thousands. . 49,550,153 31,590,178 1,730,563 302, 994 46,561,185 14,772,878 1,363, 757 Glucose and starch. — Statistics are presented in Table 72 for the glucose and starch industry for the years 1909 and 1904. Corn is the principal material used. The value of all products of the industry was $48,799,311 in 1909 and $32,649,836 in 1904, the increase for the five-year period being 49.5 per cent. The starch product (gross, including duplication), increased in quantity 89.9 per cent and in value 60.3 per cent, the entire gain being in cornstarch. Tlie percentages of increase in the value of glucose, grape sugar, and corn oil are large, notably that for corn oil. In 1899 the produc- tion of starch (in part estimated) was 543,040,000 pounds, greatly exceeding the figures for 1904. The decrease in production from 1899 to 1904 was due in large measure to the decrease m the export trade of this commodity. Some establishments included in the industry am engaged juimarily in rejirocessing starch, resulting in a diqilication of products. In 1909 105,299,010 pounds of cornstarch were used as material by such factories, 104,597,648 pounds of cornstarch being^ olitained as products. Tlie deduction of this duplica- tion from the total gives the quantity of marketable cornstarch produced in 1909 as 534,227,718 pounds. Table 72 1909 19(M MATERIALS. $36,898,771 $25,518,876 Com; Pounds 2, 240, ,508, 915 $26,674,779 (*) $19,074, 728 Cost Wheat and roots; 1,940,000 $21,435 (^) Potatoes; 210,608,127 $541,359 209,372,649 $563,651 Cornstarch; 105,299,010 $1,763,173 (’) Wheat flour; 19,545,824 $482,263 $7,415,762 (*) h) $5,880,497 PRODUCTS. Total value $48,799,311 '$32,649,836 starch; Pounds 677,535,647 $17,514,823 356,695,335 $10,927,538 Corn — Pounds 638, 825,, 366 $15,962,916 311,140,814 $8,878,450 Value Wheat and root — Pounds 12,127,686 $626,337 17,845, 121 $1,124,612 Potato — 26,582,595 $925,570 27, 709, 400 $924, 476 Value Glucose, including all simps; Pounds 769,660,210 $17, 922, 514 (') $12,352,616 Value Grape sugar; 1.59,060,478 $3,620,816 0) $2, 254, 745 Com oil; Gallons 8.164,175 $2,802,768 $6,013,968 $924. 422 (‘) $1,164,466 $4, 446, 479 $1,503,992 .\11 other ijroducts > Not reported. ■ Not reported separately. 3 In addition. 1.3('9,691 pounds of cornstarch, valued at $48,0.59, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. Cottonseed, oil and cake. — The following table pre- sents the statistics for cottonseed products: Table 73 19091 1904' 1899 Cotton seed crushed tons. . 3,798,549 3,308,930 2,479,386 PRODUCTS. Total value $147,867,894 157, 115, 689 1,661,734 1,2.58,612 174,620,099 $96,407,621 132,051,801 1.343,977 1,201,079 110,707,298 $58,726,632 93,325,729 884,391 1,169,286 57,272,053 Primary products manufactured, whether for sale or for further use; Oil gallons. . Meal and cake tons. . Hulls tons. . Linters pounds. . 1 In addition, products to the value of $2,017,305 were proiluced by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation; these establishments crushed 2,8,7,52 tons of seed and produced 1,212,852 gallons of crude oil, 12,811 tons of meal and cake, 8,926 tons of hulls, and 1,152,978 pounds of linters. ® In addition, establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than tho.se covered by the industry designation crushed 36,440 tons of seed and produced 1,765,971 gallons of crude oil, 16,195 tons of meal and cake, 12,265 tons of hulls, and 1,085,671 pounds of linters. The amount of seed crushed in mills engaged primarily in the industry increased from2,479,386 tons in 1899 to 3,798,549 tons in 1909, or 53.2 per cent, while the value 500 ABSTIlACn^ OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES of all products, including fertilizer, ice, feed, etc., wliere carried on in connection with the manufacture of cottonseed products, increased from $58,726,632 to $147,867,81)4, or 151.8 per cent. A marked feature of the industiy is the progressive increase in quantity of oil, meal, and (inters, nnd decrease in quantity of hulls [)er ton of seed crushed. The ton of 2,000 founds is used for showing quantities. Oil, essential. — The j)roducts of the essential-oil in- dustry, given in the following table, increased in value from $813,495 in 1899 to $1,737,234 in 1909, or 113.6 per cent. 'Phe output of natural oils increased in value 58.2 per cent, and of witch-hazel over sevenfold. Table ^.l. PRODUCT. 1!K)9 1904 189!) Total value 1 $1,737,234 1 $1,464,662 $813,493 Natural oils $1,108,003 $1,023,937 $700, 709 Peppermint— Pounds 305,781 130,022 202,550 Value $519,079 $470, 037 $188,559 Black birch — Pounds 07,0.53 (=) (9 Value $102,045 (9 (9 Spearmint— Pounds 33,400 (9 (9 Value $83,283 (9 (9 Wintergreen — Pounds 22,281 4,737 2,166 Value $08, 983 $15,579 $3,638 other- Pounds 327, 90S 638,024 \-alue $.335, 213 $538,321 $508,512 Witch-hazel: Gallons 079, 190 797, 700 $307. 873 110,260 Value $412,322 $54,649 AH other products $210, 309 $72, 8.52 $58, 137 1 In addition, essential oils to the value of $117,489 in 1909 and $14,500 in 1904 wore produced by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. ‘ The products classified under this head include 49,327 pounds, valued at $44,494; quantities not reported for the remainder. Paint and varnish. — The inquiry at the present cen- sus in regard to specific materials used in the manu- facture of paints and varnishes was confined to pig lead and alcohol, tlie comparative statistics for which, including establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, are as follows: Table MATERIAL. 1909 1904 18!«t Pig lead: Tons {2,(XX) pounds) 14.5.917 129, 029 99. 052 Cost $12, 014,8.59 $11,214,961 $K. .585, 688 Alcohol: Gallons 1.683.382 1,416, 746 $928, 946 388, 368 Cost $920, 086 $161,417 Wood— Gallons 1,327, 157 1,357,682 310,0.59 Cost $693,3(i2 $790, 243 $28.5,510 Grain— Gallons 356, 225 59, 004 78, 309 Co.sl $226, 724 $138,703 $175,907 The statistics for paint and varnish jiroducts are given in the following table, which does not include the pigments ground in estalilishments classified as en- gaged in the manufacture of kaolin and ground earths, the blacks made by tistablishments classified as engaged in tiie manufacture of bone, carbon, and lamp black, nor lead or zinc oxide made by lead and zinc smelters. During the |)eriod 1899 to 1999 the value of all products increased from $(>9,562,235 to $124,889,422,01-79.5 percent. Paints in oil constitute the most important group. The output of pigments, including white lead in oil, increased 141.9 per cent, and that of varnishes and japans 69 per cent in value. Ta ble PRODUCT. 1909 19»t 1899 Total value >$124,889,422 1 $90,839,609 $69,562,236 Pigments $16,985,588 $11,965,806 « $13, 319, 487 White lead, dry — Pounds 85,234,414 62,395,868 2 116, 102,316 Value $3,921,803 S2, 877, 109 $4,211, 181 Oxides of lead— Pounds 63,404,846 49, 734, 330 50, 759, 623 Value $3, 662, 062 $2. 591-, 772 $2. 550. 340 Lampblack and other blacks — Pounds 1,810,445 757, 244 1,065,000 Value $105,063 $49, 869 $60,250 Iron oxides and other earth colors — Pounds 111,674.675 48,345,978 33, 453, 896 Value $876, 331 $.331, 416 $318,242 Other dry colors — Pounds 162, 409,565 98,194,081 Value Barytes — $6, 874, 333 $5,066,083 \ 167,479,090 Pounds 49, 498, 025 22,299,980 I $5,317,943 Value $268, 757 $134, 174 j Pulp colors, sold moist — Pounds 28,4.35.722 25,351,515 20,000,935 Value $1,277,239 $915, 383 $861,531 Paints in oil $56, 763. 296 $40, 390, 059 White lead in oil — Pounds 246,567,570 216, 496, 4.50 (’) Value $15,234,411 $11,228,889 (^) Paste — Pounds 162, 356, 330 131,940,464 306,410,398 Value $11,279,459 $8, 713, 183 $17,601,459 Already mixed for use — Gallons 33,272,0.3.3 22, 379, 020 16,879,595 Value $>30, 249, 426 $20,447,987 $14, 864, 126 Varnishes and japans $31,262,535 $22, 871,486 $18,502,219 Oleoresinou.s varnishes — Gallons 18,476,523 j Value $17,350, 113 1 Damar and similar turpentine and 1 17,162,719 14,282,85) benzine varnishes — f $15,702,997 $14,333,5.54 Gallons 3,481,231 1 Value $2, 836, 341 J Spirit varnishes not turpentine— Gallons 1.181,746 1,553,562 549,811 Value $1,408,048 $2, 180, 713 $905,229 Pyroxylin varnishes — Gallons 1,880, 141 148,320 160,127 Value $2,351, 425 3162, 163 $178, 826 Dryers, japans and lacquers — Gallons 9, 474. 939 0> 0) Value $5,094,973 $3. 346, 355 $3,084,610 All other $2, 221, 635 $1.479, 258 (2) Fillers $3. 126, 271 $2, 344, 636 (2) Liquid — Gallons 1.159.569 1.051,148 (’) Value $823, OOit $785, 617 (2) Paste — Pounds 14. 050. .329 Value $887, 948 Dry— Pounds .50. 983, 472 68,761,174 (2) Value $295,728 $1,559,019 b) Putty — Pounds 63,502,048 Value $1. 119,5,32 Vt’ater paints and kalsoinine: Dry or in paste — Pounds 47. 405, 26.5 27, 932, 447 (2) Value $1,917,038 $924, 807 b) Already mixed for use — Gallons 522, 283 123, 400 (2) Value $61,969 $9, 230 (2) Limseed oil: Gallons 3.477,004 (*) (2) Value $1,912,594 (^) b) Bleached shellac: Pounds 3,014, 195 (2) Value $.578. 650 b) (2) All other products $12,281,481 $12,333,585 $5,274,944 1 In addition, piiint.sa.nd varni.she.s, to the value of $2,583,397 in 1909 and $1,221 ,338 In 1904, were made by eatablisliments engaged primarily in the manufacture of product.^ other tlian tho.se covered by I he. industry d&signation. 2 IiK'lude.s wliile lead in oii. ^ Not reported separately. * Not reported. Note. — Tlio following products were made and oon.sumorl in establishinent.s wliere produced: 1909 190^1 White lead, dry pounds.. Lead oxides.. .’. [munds. . Varnishes gallons. . Drying japans and dryers gallons. . Collodion and other cellulose nitrate solu- tions gallons.. Pyroxylin and oilier cellulose nitrates pounds. . 162,702.0,89 4. 526, 425 4.407.312 3, 090, 756 20, mx) 24, 750 11,631,006 122,288,484 13,589, 147 1.202.674 988,979 1,576, 442 12, (XXI STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 501 Petroleum refining.— The products of the j)etroleum- refhiing industry, statistics for which are presented in the following table, aggregated $23(5,997,659 in value in 1909 as compared with $123,929,384 in 1899, the increase during the decade being 91.2 per cent. This conforms closely to the increase in the cost of crude petroleum used, which was 89.4 per cent. The crude petroleum used increased in quantity from 52,011,005 barrels of 42 gallons in 1899 to 120,775,439 barrels in 1909, or 132.2 per cent, and the refined-oil products aggregated 40,290,985 barrels of 50 gallons in 1899, 46,454,062 barrels in 1904, and 89,082,810 barrels in 1909, an increase for the decade of 136.2 per cent. Table 77 1909 1904 1899 Crude petroleum used: Barrels (42 gallons) 120,775,439 66,982,862 52,011,005 Cost $152,307,040 $107,487,091 $80,424,207 PRODUCTS.! Total value $236,997,659 $175,005,320 $125,929,384 Oils: Illuminating — Barrels (50 gallons) 33,495, 798 $94,547,010 27,135,094 25,171,289 Value $91,366,434 $74,694,297 Fuel (including gas oils) — Barrels 34,034,577 7,209,428 6,095,224 Value $36,462,883 $9,205,391 $7,550, 664 Lubricating — Barrels 10,745,885 6,298,251 3,408,918 Value $38,884,236 $23,553,091 $10,897,214 Naphtha and gasoline (including gas naphtha) — Barrels 10,800,550 5,811,289 5,615,554 Value $39, 771,959 $21,314,837 $15,991,742 Paraffin wax — Barrels 946,830 794,068 774,924 Value $9,388,812 $10,007,274 $7,791,149 Oil asphaltum — Tons (2,000 pounds) 233,328 C*) (^) Value $2, 724, 752 (*) (?) Residuum or tar — Barrels 1,787,008 3,187,921 596,615 Value $2,215,623 $3,138,361 $688, 455 Greases (lubricating, etc.)— Barrels 138,302 202,439 572, 140 Value $1,567,647 $1,394, 130 $2,454,617 Coke and black naphtha — Value $507,695 $149,653 $176,281 Sludge acid — Tons (2,000 pounds) 133,215 165, 104 (*) Value $402,295 $400,480 (*) All other products $10,524,747 $14,475,669 $3,684,965 •r EQUIPMENT. Stills, number 2,395 1,907 1,774 Heated by steam — Number 451 282 290 Capacity (barrels 42 gallons) 424,664 (’) (') Heated by superheated steam — Number 16 15 26 Capacity (barrels 42 gallons) 6,200 (3) (?) Heated by fire — Number 1,928 1,610 1,458 Capacity (barrels 42 gallons . . . 1,656,534 (?) (?) Agitators, number 529 374 327 Chilling houses for paraffin, number 79 67 48 Hydraulic or other presses, number 357 311 510 Storage tanks for crude petroleum: Number 678 304 257 Capacity, gallons 242,590,505 245,760,493 (’) Storage tanks for refined petroleum: Number 6,476 3,575 2,869 Capacity, gallons 1,041,627,444 576,458,825 (’) Cooper shops, number 53 64 48 Tin shops, number 14 17 13 ‘ In 1909, 48,580 tons of sulphuric acid, and in 1904, 49,379 tons, were made and consumed in establishments where produced. 2 Not reported separately. s Not reported. The largest gain was that in the output of fuel oils, which increased from 7,209,428 barrels in 1904 to 34,034,577 barrels in 1909, as the result of the increase in the refining of low-grade, crude oils. The output of lubricating oils and naphtha also increased very rapidly. The decrease in the value of "all other prod- ucts” in 1909 as compared with 1904 is duo in part to the fact that the products of the box, cooperage, tinware, and paint shops ojierated by the refineries were included in 1904, but when possible separate reports were obtained for these departments in 1909 and the statistics for them were included with those for other industries at this census. Salt. — The statistics for the salt industry are given in the following table.* The value of all products increased from $7,966,897 in 1899 to $11,327,834 in 1909, or 42.2 per cent. The production of salt in- creased from 15,187,819 barrels in 1899 to 29,933,060 barrels in 1909, or 97.1 per cent, while the value of the product increased from $5,809,362 to $8,311,729, or 41.6 per cent, the average value per barrel decreas- ing from 39 cents in 1899 to 28 cents in 1909 on account of the greatly increased proportion of the lower grades of salt manufactured. The harrel of 280 founds is used in showing quantities. Table -7 8 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value $11,327,834 1 $9,437,662 $7,966,897 Salt: Barrels 29,933,060 17,128,572 15,187,819 Value $8,311,729 $6, 955, 734 $5,869,362 Bromine: Poimds 2 728,875 261,665 279, 437 Value $92, 735 $72, 584 $64, 921 All other products $2, 923, 370 $2, 409, 344 $2, 032, 614 Salt, classified by grade (barrels). Table and dairy 3,042,824 3,119,091 1,866,058 7,745,204 6, 254, 293 1,878,666 6,866jl26 Common coarse 2, 843, 393 2,635,282 Packers 385,802 498,943 182,930 Coarse solar 1,109,396 1,677,182 910,974 Rock salt, mined 5,938,721 3,416,835 2,543,679 Milling, other grades, and brine 8,867,720 283, 562 182, 770 Process em ployed. Total number of establishments 124 146 159 Number reporting: Solar 46 63 (’) Kettle 1 7 (q Grainer 50 70 (*) Open pan 11 12 (*) Vacuum pan 21 20 (’) 1 In addition, 25,043 barrels of salt, to the value of $8,415, were produced by estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of nroducts other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes potassium bromide. 3 Not reported. Soap. — The statistics for the soap industry given in Table 79 for 1909 and 1904 include those for the soap factories operated by the owners of slaughter- ing and meat-packing establishments as well as for establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of soap. In 1899 the manufacture of soap and of candles was reported as one industry,' the value of products being $53,231,017. In 1904 the value of the combined products of these industries was $72,164,062 and in 1909, $114,488,298. The cost of the materials used m the soap industry was $72,179,418 in 1909 and $43,625,608 in 1904, the * The statistics differ from tliose published by the United States Geological Survey, which include Hawaii and Porto Rico. 502 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. incrcuso, lor Mio livo-yciir period being 65.5 per cent. The viilue of nil ])ro(lucts wns $1 1 1,.357,777 in 1.909 and .f 63,274,700 in 1904, the increase for the five-year ]) In addition, the following products were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation: 1909 1904 .4cids: Sulphuric (50°) — Tons - 621,801 $4,465,263 433, 377 $3,655,899 Nitric— 18, 929, 620 15.957,526 $804,473 $857, 795 Mixed— 11,820,542 $422,312 $511,53-2 22, 518, 433 $735, 061 * Includes the equivalent of 27,602 tons of oleum. 3 Includes the equivalent of 13,268 tons of oleum. Note,— In 1909, 1,271,.535 tons of sulphuric acid (50°) and 110,760,619 pounds of nitric acid, and in 1904, 968,455 tons of sulphuric acid (50°) and 62,116,306 pounds of nitric acid were made and consumed in establishments where produced. Including by-products from establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, the total production of these acids for sale in 1909 and 1904 was as follows:* Tit bic 8! KIND. 1909 1904 Sulphuric acid (.5(1°): 1 , 476, 992 $10,084,759 27, 325, 946 $1,357,098 57. 182, 168 $1,860, 787 900,991 $7, 942,211 46, 264, 081 $2,250,944 66,331,327 $1,957,356 Nitric acid: Mixed acids: A large amount of sulphuric acid made and con- sumed in the establishments where manufactured, particularly in fertilizer factories, must be taken into 503 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. accouiil in considering tlio total production. The following table gives the total production for the three census years: Table SULPHURIC ACID. 190!» 1904 1899 Total, reduced to 50® UauiutS acid tons. . For sale 2, 748, 527 1,47(>,9<.)2 1,271,535 1,869,437 900, 992 968, 4-15 1,548, 123 783,768 764,355 For consumption Turpentine and rosin. — The products of the turpen- tine and rosin industry for which statistics are ])re- sented in the following table increased in value from $20,344,888 in 1899 to $25,295,017 in 1909, or 24.3 per cent, but the gain was due wholly to the great in- crease in the price of rosin. The turpentine product decreased in both quantity and value during the decade. The output of rosin also decreased 24.9 per cent, but its value increased 145.2 per cent. The average value of rosin per barrel increased from $1.18 in 1899 to $3.85 in 1909. Table PRODUCT. 1909 19W 1899 Total value Turpentine: >$25,295,017 28,988,954 $12,654,228 3,263,857 $12, 576,721 $64,068 $23,937,024 30,687,051 $15,170,499 3,508,347 $8,725,619 $40,906 $20,344,888 38,488, 170 $14,960,235 4,348,094 $5, 129,268 $255,385 Value Rosin: Barrels (280 pounds) Value Dross and other products > In addition, 682,702 gallons of turpentine, valued at $243,491, was produced by wood distUlation. CLAY, GLASS, AND STONE PRODUCTS. Under this general head are assembled the indus- tries using clay, sand, and stone as basic materials, namely, the manufacture of brick, tile, pottery, terra- cotta, and fire-clay products, and that of cement, glass, and lime. The statistics for all these industries, except glass manufacture, were collected m 1909 in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, and the tables include, except as otherwise stated, the respective products made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other products as well as those establishments making such products as their principal business. Brick and tile, and pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products.* — Table 84 summarizes the statistics in regard to the products of the brick and tile, pot- tery, and terra-cotta and fire-clay products indus- tries. The total value of these classes of jiroducts was $168,895,365 in 1909 and $95,533,862 in 1899, the increase during the decade being 76.8 per cent. Of the total value of products in 1909, that of brick formed 57.5 per cent, that of tile and allied products 23.2 per cent, and that of pottery 18.4 per cent. The percentages were practically the same in 1904 and 1899. Some of the classes show large ratios of in- * The statistics differ from those published by the United States Geological Survey, which include Porto Rico. crease, notably jiorcelain electrical sufiplies and build- ing terra cotta, including architectural terra cotta, fireproofing, and tiling. Table y.j PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 $168,895,365 $136,387,840 $135,352,854 $109,003,306 $95,633,868 $76,551,645 Brick and tile, terra-cotta, and fire- clay products Brick $97,137,844 $78,728,083 $58,040,228 Common— Thousand 9, 787, 671 8,683,897 7,654,528 $39,674,749 Value $57, 216, 789 $51,239,871 Fire— Thousand 838, 167 678,362 800,862 Value $16,620,695 $11,752,625 $8,636,562 Vitrified, paving, etc. — Thousand 1,023,6.54 715,559 590,720 Value $11,269,586 $7,256,088 $4,828,456 Front, including fancy colored and fancy or ornamental — Thousand 821,641 626, 142 451,420 Value $9,886,292 $7,335,511 $5, 170,492 Sand lime $1,150,580 $698,003 (') Enameled $993,902 $445,985 $329,969 Drain tile $9,798,978 $5,522, 198 $3,662, 184 Sewer pipe $10,322, 324 $8,416,009 $4,560,334 Architectnra! terra cotta $6, 251, 625 $3,792^763 $2,027,532 Fireproofing, terra-cotta lumber and hollow building tile, or blocks $4,466,708 $4,317,312 $1,665,031 Tile, not drain $5,291,963 $2,725,717 $1 276,300 Stove lining $423,583 (>) $416,235 Other $2,694,821 $5, .501, 224 $4,303,801 Pottery $31,048,341 $25,8.34,513 $17,222,040 White ware, including C. C. ware, white granite, semiporcelain ware, and semivitreous porce- lain ware $13,728,316 $9, 195, 703 $6,376, 351 Sanitary ware $5,989,295 $3,932,506 $2,211,877 Stoneware and yellow and Rock- ingham ware $3,993,859 $3,481,521 $2, 130, 263 Porcelain electrical supplies China, bone china. Delft and Bel- $3,047,499 $1,500,283 $470,355 leek ware ’ $1,766,766 $3,478,627 $1,297,978 Red earthenware $804,806 $821,695 $762,260 Other $1,717,800 $3,424, 178 $3,972,956 All other products $1, 459, 178 $515,035 $1, 760, 177 > Not reported separately. ’ Product of Ohio included in “other” pottery. Cement. — The statistics of products for the cement industry for 1909 and 1904, given in the following table, show a total value of $63,205,455 in 1909 as compared with $29,873,122 in 1904, tlie rate of increase for the five-year period being 111.6 per cent. In 1899 the statistics for the lime and cement industries were combined, the products aggregating $28,673,735 in value. The value of the combined lime and cement product in 1909 was $81,157,442, the increase for the decade being 183 per cent. During the period 1904-1909 the output of cement increased 110.5 per cent in quantity, all of the in- crease being in Portland cement, while the output of natural cement and of puzzolan cement decreased greatly. Portland cement formed 97.5 per cent of the total in 1909, as compared with 83.7 per cent in 1904. TabJe PRODUCT. 1909 1904 Total value $63,205,455 $29,873,122 Cement: Barrels 66,689,715 31,675, 257 Value $53,610,563 $26,031,920 Portland — Barrels 64,991,431 26,505,881 Value $52,858,354 $23,355,119 Natural— Barrels 1.537,638 $652, 756 4,866,331 Value $2,450,150 Puzzolan — Barrels 160,646 303,045 Value $99,453 $226,651 All other products •. . . . $9,594,892 $3,841,202 504 ABSTRACrr OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. Glass. — The followinfi; table [)resents comparative statistics for the glass industry, giving the total cost of materials and the total value of [)roducts, together with the (piantities of the princij)al materials and products, for the years 1909, 1904, and 1899. There was an increase of 02.9 })er cent in the value of all products for 1909 as compared with 1899. The increase in the value of building glass amounted to 53.9 percent; that in the value of pressed and blown glass to 60.4 per cent; and that in the value o/ bottles and jars to 66.2 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used in showing quantities. Table 8<; 190!) 1904 1899 PRINCTPAL MATERIALS. Total cost $32,119,439 $26,145,522 $16,731,009 Glass sand, tons 1,004,086 769, 792 581,720 Soda a.sh (carbonate of soda), tons 373, 764 215, 462 157,779 Salt cake (sulphate of soda), tons 76, 540 53,905 53, 257 Nitrate of soda, tons 19,676 11,915 10,770 Limestone, tons 156,377 115,055 91,015 Lime, bushels 1,256,117 1,166,342 993,349 Arsenic, pounds 3,140,720 2,676.650 2,349,261 Carbon, tons 5,480 3,750 4,155 Manganese, pounds Litharge and red lead, pounds 3,882,465 3,096,939 1,493,, 538 11,653,149 9,613,649 8,386,106 Potash or pearlash, pounds 6,938,355 5,446,338 4,406,211 Grinding sand, toAs 706,689 410,856 265, 438 Rouge, pounds 1,383, 182 1,098,566 837,536 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $92,095,203 5 $79,607,998 $56,539,712 Building glass $26,308,438 $21,697,861 $17,096,234 Window — 50-foot boxes 6,921.611 4,852,315 4,341,282 Value $11,742,959 $11,610,851 $10,879,355 Plate — Total cast, square feet 60,105,694 34,804,986 21,172,129 Polished — Square leet 47,370,254 27,293,138 16,883,578 Value $12,204,875 $7,978,253 $5,158,598 Rough, made for sale— Square feet 205,690 17,784 628,684 Value $37,431 $3,529 $75,887 Cathedral— Square feet 7,405,980 6,615,093 8,846,361 Value $569,848 $293,623 $567,252 ISO!) PEODucTs— continued . Building glass— Continued. Skylight- Square feet Value All other Pressed and blown glass Tableware, 100 pieces Jellies, tumblers, and goblets, dozen. Lamps, dozen Chimneys, dozen Lantern globes, dozen Globes and other electrical goods, dozen Shades, globes, and other gas goods, dozen Blown tumblers, stem ware, and bar goods, dozen Opal ware, dozen Cut ware, dozen Bottles and jars Prescriptions, vials, and druggists’ wares, gross Beer, soda, and mineral, gross Liquors and flasks, gross Milk jars, gross Fruit jars, gross Battery jars and other electrical goods, ^oss Patent and proprietary, gross Packers and preservers, gross Demijohns and carboys, dozen .\11 other products 15,409,966 $788, 726 $964, 599 $27, 398, 445 1,286,056 11.687,0.36 322,482 6,652,967 952,620 11,738, 798 1,541,449 9,182,060 3,095,666 206,336 $36,018,333 3,624,022 2,345,204 1,887,344 440, 302 1,124,485 9.981 1,637,798 1,237,175 122, 570 $2, 369, 987 1904 15,255,541 $678,391 $1,133,214 $21,956,158 1,283,974 7,346,214 487,017 7,039,756 1,765,247 1,901,415 878, 244 6,282,606 1,091,208 83,736 $33,631,063 3,202,586 2,351,852 2,157,801 253,651 1,061,829 19,974 1,657,372 1,237,065 64,450 $2,322,916 1S99 3,679,694 $165,086 $250,056 $17,076,125 655. 141 8,544,050 807,765 6,901,192 1,044,816 (’) 2,673,854 6,127,367 3,750,443 134, 726 $21,676,791 2,423,932 1,351,118 985,374 146. 142 789, 298 (=) 1,296,131 784,588 83,243 $090,562 ' In addition, 42,639 gross of bottles and jars, valued at $90,490, were made by estabUshments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ’ In addition, giassware to the vaiue of $9,663 was made by establishments engaged primariiy in the manufactme of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ’Not reported. Lime.' — The total value of the lime reported as manu- factured in 1909 was .$1.3,763,604 as compared with $9,951,4.56 in 1904, an increase for the five-year period of 38.3 per cent. The cjuantity reported in 1909 was 3,467,523 tons (2,000 pounds), of which 1,904,202 tons was used for building or structural purposes; 591,792 tons for fertilizing; and the remainder in various manufacturing establishments, such as paper mills, tanneries, sugar factories, and alkali works. The value of all products reported by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of lime was .$17,951,987 in 1909 and $14,751,170 in 1904. VEHICLES FOR LAND TRANSPORTATION. Under the above heading are given statistics for the manufacture of automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles, and carriages and wagons, and the construction of steam and electric railroad cars, and also for the operations of the construction and repair shoj)s of railroads. Automobiles. — The statistics for automobiles are presented in Table 87. Under "all other products” are included the products of establishments engaged ' The statistics differ from those published by the United States Geological Stirvey, which include Hawaii and Porto Rico. in the manufacture of automobile bodies and parts, which are sold largely to automobile manufacturers, as well as the value of bodies and parts made and sold separately by automobile manufacturers. The total value of products for the industry thus in- volves considerable dujilication. The growth of the automobile industry has been phenomenal. In 1899 the general statistics for the industry were included with those for carriage and wagon manufacture, and only 3,897 automobiles were reported. In 1904 the total number, including automobiles made by con- cerns classified under other industries, was 22,830, while in 1909 the number’ was 127,287, or nearly thirty-three times the number reported in 1899. The value of all products of the industry projier was $249,202,075 in 1909 and $30,033,536 in 1904. Gasoline machines formed 95.1 per cent of the total number made in 1909 and 86.2 per cent in 1904. Of the total number manufactured in 1909, 3,226, or 2.5 per cent, were rated at 50 horsepower or more; 51,218, or 40.5 per cent, at from 30 to 49 horse[)Ower; 35,257, or 27.8 [)er cent, at from 20 to 29 horsepower; 29,353, or 23.2 ])er cent, at from 10 to 19 horsepower; and 7,539, or 6 per cent, at less than 10 horsepower. Passenger ve- hicles constituted 97.4 per cent of the total number and business vehicles 2.6 per cent. 505 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTIUES. TmI>|4> S7 1909 1904 N inn l)er. Value. N umber. Value. > $249,202,075 > $30,033,536 Automobiles 126, 503 104.209,324 21,692 23, 751,234 tiasolino 120,393 153,529,653 18,699 10,566,941 Electric 3,826 7,259,430 1,425 2, 496, 255 Steam 2,374 3, 480, 241 1,568 1,688,038 Passenger vehicles (pleasure, fam- ily, and public conveyiinces).. 123, 338 159,039,301 21,281 22,804,287 (iasoline 117,633 149,530,232 18,504 19,300,654 Electric 3,331 6,028, 828 1,211 1,819,595 Steam 2,374 3. 480, 241 1,566 1,684,038 4,582 2,391.250 0) 4,314 2,039,129 (a) 268 352, 121 Runabouts 36, 204 28,030, 479 12,131 8,831,504 Gasoline 35, 347 27,116,901 10,999 7,976,821 Electric 496 648, 630 455 453, 304 Steam 361 264, 948 677 401,379 Touring cars 76,114 113.403,188 7,220 11.781,521 Gasoline 73, 883 109,844,295 6,444 10,576,023 Electric 243 387, 526 39 55,038 Steam 1,988 3,171,367 737 1,150,460 Closed (limousine, cabs, etc.). . 5, 205 12, 729, 304 3,290 8, 762, 768 (2) 1,915 3,966,536 (4 All other (omnibuses, sight- seeing wagons, ambulances, patrol wagons, etc.) 1,233 2,485,080 1,930 2, 191.262 Gasoline 799 1,767,139 1,061 747,810 Electric 409 674,015 717 1,311,253 Steam 25 43,926 152 132, 199 Business vehicles (merchandise) 3,255 5, 230, 023 411 946,947 Gasoline 2, 760 3,999,421 195 266,287 Electric 495 1, 230, 602 214 676, 660 Steam 2 4,000 Delivery wagons 1,862 1,918,856 251 455,457 Gasoline 1,645 1,474,063 140 215,897 Electric 217 444, 793 109 235,560 Steam 2 4,000 Trucks 1,366 3,165,512 160 491,490 Gasoline 1,090 2,384,703 55 50, 390 Electric 276 780, 809 105 441.100 AU other 27 145,655 (*) 25 140.655 (4) Electric 2 5,000 (*) All other products, including bod- ies and parts 6 78,584,753 5,431,249 Amount received for custom work and repairing 6,317.998 851,053 ' In addition, 694 automobiles, valued at $830,080, and bodies and parts valued at $4,415,266, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. 2 In addition, 1,138 automobiles, valued at $879,205, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 3 Not reported separately. * None reported. 6 Includes custom work and repairing by establishments manufacturing bodies and parts. Bicycles and motorcycles, and parts. — The following table presents the comparative statistics of products for the bicycle and motorcycle industiy. It does not include children’s bicycles and tricycles. A marked feature is the decime in the manufacture of bicycles and tricycles and the increase in the manufacture of motoxcycles. Table gg PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value 1 $10,698,567 1 $5,163,240 < $31,915,908 Bicycles: Number 168,824 225,309 1,112,880 $22,127,310 Value $2,436,996 $3,203,505 Tricycles: Number (U 32 328 Value $3,350 $17,261 Motorcycles: Number 18,628 2,300 ICO Value $3,015,988 $354, 980 $.33,674 All other products, including parts $5,245,583 $1,591,405 $9,737,663 1 In addition, the following products were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation: In 1909, 64,883 bicycles, valued at $791,193, and other products, includ- ing parts, etc., valued at $579,927; in 1904, 25,178 bicycles, valued at $537,418; 28 motorcycles, valued at$4,200; and other products, including parts, valued at $34,341; and in 1899, 69,811 bicycles, valued at $1,529,177, and other products valued at $24,000. 2 None reported. Tlie total value of products of the industry decreased from $31,915,908 in 1899 to $5,153,240 in 1904, but by 1909 it liad risen again to $10,698,507, or more than double the figures for 1904. Carriages and wagons and materials. — The following table ])rescnts statistics for the manufacture of car- riages and wagons, including under “All other prod- ucts” the products of establishments engaged in the manufacture of carriage and wagon materials, but not inchnling children’s carriages and sleds. The total value of products increased from $138,261,763 in 1899 to $159,892,547 in 1909, or 15.6 per cent. The value of v/agons increased $8,852,172, or 28.5 per cent, though the number manufactured was very little larger in 1909 than in 1899. The carriages reported were both fewer in number and lower in value in 1909 than in 1899. Public conveyances also show a decrease in value, but a slight increase in number. In each of these three classes the decreases that appear for the decade as a whole have taken place entirely since 1904, in which year the numbers and values reported exceeded those for 1899. The decreases are presumably due to the growth of the automobile industry. Table g9 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value > $159,892,547 2 $155,868,849 $138,261,763 Carriages (family and pleasure): Nuinter 828,411 937, 409 904,639 Value $47,756,118 $55,750,276 $51,295,393 \V agons: Number 587,685 643. 755 570, 428 Value $39,932,910 $37, 195, 230 $31,080, 738 Business — Number 154, 631 133, 422 Value $16,440,816 (*) Fann — Number 429,9.52 505,025 (•) Value $22,615,875 (») (^) Government, municipal, etc.— Number 3,102 5,308 (•) Value $876, 219 (^) (») Public conveyances (cabs, hacks, hansoms, hotel coaches, omnibuses. etc. ) : Number 2,243 2, 711 2,218 Value $939, 267 $1,314,952 $1,114,090 Sleichs and sleds: Number - 100,899 127, 455 117,006 V'alue Automobiles;' $2,065, 850 $2, 694, 560 $2,290,903 Number 544 199 174 Value $569,119 $235, 675 $129,053 All other products, including parts, and amount received forrepairwork. $68,629,283 $58, 678, 156 $.52,351,586 1 In addition, 14,908 carriages, valued at $1,078,935; 42,112 wagons, valued at $2,093,288; 104 public conveyances, valued at $5,615; 8,209 sleighs and sleds, valued at $165,917; and parts and I'naterials, valued at $1, 184,256, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 In addition, carriages and wagons, valued at $612,173, were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, 2 Not reported separately, < Automobiles manufactured in establishments devoted primarily to the manu- facture of carriages and wagons. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. — Table 90 presents sta- tistics of the work done by construction and repair shops operated by steam-railroad companies, not in- cluding roundhouses where running repairs are made. The total value of such work was $405,600,727 in 1909 and $218,238,277 in 1899, the rate of increase ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. oOfi for the decade beiri" 85.9 per cent. Most of the value rejn’csents that of repaiis, comparatively little repre- senting new construction. Table CLASS OF WORK. 1909 1901 18991 Total value $405,600,727 $309,775,089 $218,238,277 Motive power and machinery depart- ment $184,971,870 $149,643,953 $94, 447, 260 Locomotives built: Number 215 148 272 Value $8, 289, 140 $1, 853, 939 $3, 276, 393 Repairs to locomotives, motors, etc $127,928, 773 $101,326,805 $57, 383, 143 Work for other corporations $4,735,004 $5,681,307 $3,338,589 .411 other products or work $49, 018, 953 $40, 781, 902 $30, 449, 135 Car department $199, 768, 939 $149, 748, 820 $118,376,552 Cars built $13,326, 171 $12,990,011 $16,521,352 Passenger - Number 218 414 390 Value $1,291,354 $2,337,977 $1, 441, 733 Freight— Number 13, 972 14, 7-42 26, 543 Value $11,767,664 $10, 006, 642 $15,079,619 Other — Number 359 2,000 (2) Value $267, 153 $645,392 Repairs to ears of all kinds $147,194,065 $105,319,032 $74, 665, 500 Work for other corporations $8,784,239 $6, 946, 990 $7, 084, 857 All other products or work $30, 464, 464 $24, 492, 787 $20, 104, 843 Bridge and building departments (shopwork) $2, 799, 898 $5,096,141 $5,414,465 Repairs and renewals $1,906,737 $46, 496 $4,351,487 $3,937,170 Work for other corporations $40,581 $241,626 All other products or work $846, 665 $704, 073 $1,235,669 All other products and work, not clas- sifled $18,060,020 $5,286, 175 (’) ‘ Includes Alaska. > None reported. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies. — The following table pre- sents statistics of the operations of the construction and reptiir shops of street-railroad companies, includ- ing all electric systems and interurban electric lines — all railroads, in fact, except steam roads. The work done, which consists almost wholly of repairs, was not reported in detail in 1899, but its aggregate value in that year was $9,370,811, as compared with $1 3,437,121 in 1904 and $31,962,561 in 1909, an increase for the decade of 241.1 per cent. Table CLASS OF WORK. 1909 1904 $31,362,561 $13,437,121 Motive power and machinery department $4,510, 3.32 $4, 1104, ,336 $510,946 Work for other corporations SS8, 070 $2,626 .Ml other products or work > $417,926 $.508,320 Car department $25, 835, 463 $12,581,365 Cars built $626, 752 $605, 144 Passenger — Number 129 288 Value $498, 709 $580, 669 Freight— Number 63 13 Value $59, 102 $11,. 366 Other — Number 51 9 Value $68,941 $13, 109 Repairs to cars of all kinds $22,869,777 $11,254,505 Work for other corporations $624,805 $30,714 All other products or work $1,714,129 $685, 002 Bridge and building department (shopwork) $330, 948 $327, 855 Repairs and renewals $273,581 $5, 093 $253, 133 All other products or work $.52, 274 $74,722 All other products and work not classified $1,285,818 $10,955 * Includes value of three electric locomotives. Cars, steam-railroad. — The statistics of establish- ments constructing steam-railroad cars given in the following table do not include the work of steam- railroad companies in their repair shops or that of concerns primarily engaged in the construction of street cars. The total value of products of this in- dustry was $123,729,627 in 1909, as compared with $90,510,180 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 36.7 per cent. The freight cars made in 1909 were fewer in number and lower in aggregate value than those made in either 1904 or 1899, and the cars for passen- ger service made in 1909 were fewer in number and lower in aggregate value than those made in 1904. In fact, while there are a number of classes of prod- ucts, such as passenger cars (day coaches) and ore cars, which show an increase in number and value for the five-year period 1904-1909, the increase in value for the total is more than covered by the in- crease in the value of “ all other products.” Table PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value 1 $123,729,627 » $111,176,310 $90,610,180 Steam-railroail cars: Passenger service — Total number 1,601 2,030 979 Value $13,829,607 $18,140,293 $7,368,299 Baggage and express— Number 216 199 72 Value $1,105,779 $896, 185 $238,554 Mail— Number 95 95 42 Value $600,912 $576,230 $197,465 Passenger— Number 957 428 331 Value $7,209,425 $2,955,517 $1,975,469 Chair, during and butlet, parlor, sleeping, and all other— Number 333 1,308 534 Value $4,913,491 $13,712,361 $4,956,811 Freight service— I'otal number 73, 177 100,616 116,590 Value $61,691,825 $69,148,955 $62,161,013 Box — Numlier 29,728 38, 184 47,838 Value $23,982, 446 $28,508,6:32 $26,. 562, 893 Coal and coke— Number 11,473 27,998 28,857 Value $9,419,055 $21,367,218 $18,414,718 Flat— Number 3,232 5,412 4,525 Value $2,033,801 $2,893,154 $1,923,525 Fruit— Number 900 2,840 1,020 Value $784,476 $1,727,771 $565,354 Furniture- Number 90 801 1,717 Value $70,515 $.505,000 $1,148,265 Gondola or ore — Number 19,607 9,518 11,821 Value $18, 128, 186 $5,518,084 $6,873,145 Refrigerator- 2,354 Number 2,618 3,353 Value $2,747,957 $3,042,835 $1,9,56,097 Stock — Number 2,349 4,2.35 2,760 Value $1,586,008 $2,453,123 $1,426,800 Caboose — Number 537 160 193 Value $525, 605 $150,977 $184,865 Other — Number 2, 643 8, 115 14,905 Value $2,413,176 $2,982,161 $3,005,351 Street-railroad cars: Number 603 418 935 Value - $2,023,922 $994,0.54 $1,090,854 Passenger— 902 Number 558 331 Value $1,903,317 $930,791 $1,002,172 Other — Number 45 87 33 Value $120,605 $63,863 $28,082 All other products $46, 1.S4, 273 $22, 891, -108 $19,890,014 > In addition, 8,977 cars, v.aluod at $0,921,871, and parts and repairs to the value of $210,487. wore reported by ostablishmonts e.nRaged primarily in tho manufacturo of products other t han tho.so covered by tlio industry designation. 2 In a Products were not shown in detail for 1899; the total value was $7, 305, 368. 2 In addition, 607 cars, valued at $2,033,922, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. ~ » In addition, 418 cars, valued at $994,654, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. * Includes 38 horse cars, valued at $29,182. Summary for railroad cars. — The following table assembles the statistics of all railroad cars con- structed, including those made in establishments not engaged primarily in the construction of railroad cars ; Table 94 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 $102,137,396 $94,874,287 $110,249,222 $100, .346, 912 Steam-railroad cars $80,050,664 Passenger service Number 1,819 2,446 1,309 Value $15, 120,961 $20,486,260 $8,810,032 Freight service ■— Number 96,648 117,494 143,133 Value $79,753,326 $79,860,652 $77, 240, 632 Street-railroad cars: * Number 2,772 4,694 in Value $7,263,109 39,902,310 (*) 1 Including all service not pas.senger. ’ Chiefly electric. 3 Not reported separately: the total value of products of "establishments en- gaged primarily in the construction of street-railroad cars amounted to $7,305,368. MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES. Statistics for all industries that can not properly be classified with any of the groups before presented, on account of the character either of the products or of the raw materials used, are given under the above head. Agricultural implements. — Table 95 presents com- parative statistics of the production of agricultural implements. The value of all products increased from $101,207,428 in 1899 to $146,329,268 in 1909, or 44.6 per cent. This includes the value of miscellaneous agricultural implements and jiarts not classifiable under either of the four groups shown separately and of a large number of products not distinctively agricultural, but made by manufacturers of agricultural imple- ments, such as windmills, carriages and wagons, en- gines, presses, castings, lawn swings, etc. In 1909 the aggregate value of the four groups of agricultural im- plements — seeders and planters, implements of culti- vation, harvesting implements, and separators — was $94,524,494, compared with $79,335,400 in 1904, an increase of 19.1 per cent. Table 95 PRODUCT. 1909 1904 Total value 1 $146,329,268 1 $112,007,344 Implements of cultivation $35,246,030 $.30, 607, 960 Seeders and planters $13, 679, 921 $11,225, 122 Harvesting implements $34, 568, 131 $30, 802, 435 Seed separators $11,030,412 $6, 639, 883 All other products $48,690,082 $.30,703,648 Amount received for repair work $3,114,692 $1,908,296 Principal kind of implements, by number. Implements of cultivation: Cultivators — Beet 3,172 3,459 Small 469, 696 239, 173 Wheeled 435.429 313,088 Cotton scrapers 20, 180 22,519 Harrows — Disk 193, 000 104,323 Spring-tooth 112,832 86, 408 Spike-tooth 394, 988 262, 442 Plows — Disk 22, 132 39, 146 Ctang 91,686 in Shovel 254,737 121,899 Steam 2,355 1,599 Sulky or wheel 134, 936 138,899 Walking 1,110,006 956, 898 Seeders and planters: Seeders — Broadcast 38,007 1 33, 546 Combination 23, 963 Corn planters— Hand 96, 465 86,553 Horse 122, 780 90.929 Listers 44. 840 23,012 Cotton planters 79,271 127, 052 Potato planters 23,092 35,756 Drills— Corn 20. 137 28,228 Disk 21,292 in Grain 68,611 76, 929 All other 32,507 606 Seed sowers 7,847 59, 910 Harvesting implements: Grain cradles 22, 635 30,056 Harvesters— Bean 1,409 665 Com 19, 693 6,924 Grain 129,274 108, 810 Harvesters and thrashers com- bined 543 in Other 1,707 3, 101 Hay carriers 45, 064 85, 121 Hayforks, horse 43, 675 62,801 Hay loaders 34,705 27, 174 Hayrakes, horse 266, 260 236, 297 Haystackers 17,212 8,670 Hay tedders 34, 396 35, 745 Mowers 359, 264 273, 385 Potato diggers, horse 25, 632 11,703 Reapers 58,294 60, 996 Seed separators: Clover huhers 437 ,351 Com buskers 372 1,327 1,240 Corn shellers — Hand 74,223 47. 189 Power 9,049 6,082 Fanning mills 33, 805 22, 994 Thrashers — Horsepower 822 2,237 Steam power 23,586 7,950 1899 $101,207,428 $98, 010, 506 $3, 196,922 2,008 207, 171 295, 799 15,230 97, 261 380,259 17,345 ( 2 ) 102, 320 207 136, 105 819, 022 30, 862 129,515 78,335 26,995 45,575 25, 338 21,940 (9 91,635 5,302 83,283 36, 163 1,425 20,707 233,542 (“) 6, 283 54.303 51.770 7,273 216, 345 12, 069 14,510 398, 616 in 35,945 661 10,726 106,381 8,185 30,369 1.314 3,651 ' In addition, agricultural implements, to the value of $2,989,276, in 1909, and to the value of $1,349,679, in 1904, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than tho.se covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. — Table 96 summarizes the statistics of the output of electrical machiner}^, apparatus, and supplies, and 508 . ABSTIlAC^r OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. includes figures for such {)ro(lucts made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the juanufacture of other [)roducts, as well as for all products of establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of electrical machinery, api)aratus, and supplies. The value of all products was $24d,9G5,()!)3 in 1909, as compared with $105,831,865 in 1899, an increase for the decade of 130.5 per cent. Amotig the leading groups the highest rate of increase is for incandescent lamps, the value of wliich was $3,515,1 18 in 1899 and $15,714,809 in 1909. 'H'a hie !)<> PRODUCT. Total value Dynamos: Number Kilowatt capacity Value Dynainotors, motor generators, boost- ers, rotary converters, and double cuiTent generators Transformers Switchboards, panel boards, and cut- out cabinets Motors: Total number Horsepower Value For power— Number Horsepower Value For automobiles— Number Horsepower Value For fans — Number Horsepower Value For elevators— Number Horsepower Value For railways, and miscellaneous services, including value of parts and supplies— Number Horsepower Value Storage batteries, including value of parts and supplies: Weight of plates in pounds Value Primary batteries, including value of parts and supplies: Number Value Arc lamps: Number Value Searchlights, projectors, and focusing lamps Incandescent lamps Carbon filament Tungsten Gem, tantalum, glower, and vacuum and vapor lamps Decorative and miniature lamps, X-ray bulbs, vacuum tubes, etc Sockets, receptacles, bases, etc Electric-lighting fixtures of all kinds. . Telegraph apparatus Telephone apparatus Insulated wires and cables Electric conduits Annunciators — domestic, hotel, and office Electric clocks and time mechanisms. Fuses Lightning arresters Rheostats and resistances Heating, cooking, and welding appa- ratus Electric flatirons Electric measuring in.struments Electrical therapeutic apparatus Magneto-ignition apparatus, sparks, coils, etc Electricswitches, signals, and attach- ments Circuit fittings of all kinds All other products 1909 HKH 1899 ' $243,965,093 1 $159,551,402 ‘$105,831,865 16,791 1,405,950 $13,081,048 15,080 996, 182 $11,084,234 10,527 578, 124 $10,472,576 $3,154,733 $8,801,019 .$1,740,5.34 $4,408,567 $379,747 $2,962,871 $5,971,804 $3,766,044 $1,846,624 .504,030 2,733,418 $32,087,482 206, 343 1,493,012 $22,370,626 159,780 1,221,482 $19,505,504 243, 423 1,083,677 $18,306,451 79,877 678,910 $13, 120,948 35,004 515, 705 $7,551,480 2,796 12,471 $294, 152 1,819 19,907 $152,685 3,017 8,220 $192,030 199,113 178,0.33 $2,450,7.39 102,5.35 30,796 $1,168,254 97,577 12, 766 $1,055,369 4,988 63,585 $1,188,653 1,333 13,398 $638,473 385 6,730 $2,523,901 53, 710 795,652 $9,847,487 20,779 750,001 $7,290,266 23, 197 678,061 $8, 182, 724 23,119,331 $4,678,209 16,113,073 $2,045,749 (>) $2,559,001 34,333,531 $5,934,261 6,623, 162 $1,598, 144 2,654,765 $1,119,444 123, 985 $1,706,959 195, 157 $1,574,422 158, 187 $1,827, 771 $935, 874 $114,795 $225,635 $15,714,869 $6, 157,066 $6,241,133 $6,953,205 i $6,703,454 $3,515,118 $3, 442, 183 $2,715,991 ) $600, 619 $249, 751 $72,935 $4,521,729 $6, 128,282 $1,957,432 $14,259,357 $51,024,737 $5,098,264 $2,010,860 $3,294,606 $1,111,194 $15,803,698 $34,519,099 $2,416,245 $593, 929 $3, 750, 670 $1,642,266 $10,512,412 $21,292,001 $1,066,163 $235,567 $352,513 $1,001,719 $940, 171 $2,674,903 $185,870 $373, 926 $868,079 $587, 124 $932, 925 $224,885 $132, 149 1 $595, 497 $1,003,038 $951,074 $7,800,010 $1,107,8.58 } $.395,827 $5,004,763 $1,0.36,962 1 $1,186,878 $1,842, 135 (*) $6,092,343 $078,077 m $.5,, 377, 843 $1,080,287 $1,451,337 $3,525,440 $1,129,891 $39,091,708 $28,978,444 $17,448,098 ' Includes values of electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies made by estab- i llshmcnts engaged primarily in the manufactureof products other than tho.se covered by the Indu.stry designation, as follows: 1909, $22,050,530; 1904, $18,742,033; and | 189fl, $13,307,430. 1 > Not reported separately. ' Ice, manufactured. — Table 97 includes the product of all establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing ice for sale, but does not include establislunents making ice for their own use. Ice made for sale by establishments engaged cliiefly in some other business, such as breweries, is reported in a footnote. The value of all products of the industry proper increased from $13,874,513 in 1899 to $42,953,055 in 1909, or 209.6 per cent. The quantity of ice produced increased at about the same rate, and amounted to 12,647,949 tons in 1909. Table 97 1909 1994 1899 MATERIALS. Ammonia used $1,021,913 $613, 138 $359,549 Compressor system — Anhydrous — Pounds 3,097,191 1 1,944,266 946, 666 Cost $826,222 ‘ $493,524 $249,838 Aisorption system — Anhydrous — Pqunds 369,093 136,604 109,869 Cost $100,283 $37,506 $29,842 Aqua — Pounds 1,070,698 1,347,561 1,323,454 Cost S95, 408 $82, 108 $79,869 PRODUCTS. Total value “$42,953,055 “$23,790,045 “$13,874,513 Ice: Tons (2,000 pounds) 12,647,949 7,199,448 4,294,439 Value (2,000 pouds) $39,889,263 $22,450,503 $13,303,874 Can — , Tons (2,000 pounds) 11,071,547 6, 695, 789 4,135,764 Value (2,000 pounds) $37,085,533 $21,020,547 $12,863, 160 Plate— Tons (2,000 pounds) 976, 402 503,659 154,675 Value (2,000 pounds) $2,803,730 $1,429,956 $440,714 All other products $3,063,792 $1,339,542 $570,639 ' Includes 148,373 pounds of aqua ammonia, costing $8,755. ^ In addition, in 1909, 1,582,259 tons of ice, valued at $4,249,790, and in 1904, 814,689 tons, valued at $1,899,912, were produced by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than ice. 3 Includes, for purposes of comparison, products valued at $93,535, not included in the general tables for this Industry at census of 1900. Lumber and timber products. — Beginning with 1906 an annual canvass of forest products has been made by tlie Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture. The statistics for the year 1909 given in the following table are compiled from tliis annual report; those for 1904 and 1899 are from the regular census reports. The totals for 1909 include statistics for some smal neighborhood mills sawing chiefly or exclusively for local consumption, also a relatively small numher of establishments using logs or bolts as material and engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the classified lumber and timber products industry, which classes are not rejire- sented in the totals for the other two years. Detailed statistics for the lumber and other forest-products industries will be found in the several annual reports published by the Bureau of the Census. The figures given in Table 98 can not be com])ared with those given in Table 110 because in the latter table the statistics cover not only the products of the sawmills, shingle and lath mills, but also the ])roducts of jilaniiig mills operated independently of sawmills, logging cam])s, veneer mills, and box factories. STATES, (TTIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 509 Table PRODUCT. 1909 1901 1899 Total value $724,706,760 $465,153,662 $414,058,487 Lumber: Total quantity (M feet, board measure) 44,509,761 34, 135, 139 ‘ ,35, 084, 166 Total value $684, 479, 859 $435, 708, 084 1 $:i90, 489, 873 Softwoods — 27, ,353, 3 12 $319,835,746 26, 153, 063 Quantity 33,896,959 Vaiue $477,345,046 $268,481,112 Yellow pine— Quantity 16,277,185 11,521,781 9,658,548 Value $206,505,297 $114,780,600 $81,740, 300 Western pine— Quantity 1,499,985 1,290,526 944, 560 Value $23,077,854 $14,586, 149 $9, 163,256 White pine— Quantity 3,900,034 5,332,704 7,742,391 Value $70,830,131 $79,594,717 $98,002,555 Douglas fir — 1,736,507 Quantity 4,856,378 2, 928, 409 Value $60, 435, 793 $27,862,228 $15,050,638 Hemloclf— Quantity 3,051,399 3,268,787 3, 420, 673 $34, 136, 892 Value $42,580,800 $38, 938, 154 Spruce— Quantity 1,748,547 1,303,886 1,448,091 Value $29,561,315 $18,289,327 $16,322,666 Cypress— 495, 836 Quantity 955,635 749,592 Value $19, 549,741 $13,115,339 $6, 604, 495 Redwood — Quantity 521, 630 519,267 360, 167 Value $7, 720, 124 $6,661,499 $3,645,608 Cedar — Quantity 346, 008 223,035 232, 978 Value $6, 901,948 $3,201,331 $2,542,818 All other— . Quantity 740, 158 215, 325 113,312 Value $10, 182,043 $2, 806, 402 $1,271,884 Hardwoods — Quantity 10, 612, 802 6, 781, 827 8,634,021 V alue $207,134,813 $115,872,338 $116,817,192 Oak— Quantity 4,414,457 2,902,855 4,438,027 Value Maple- Quantity $90,512,069 $50,832,303 $61.174, 129 1,106,604 587, 558 633, 466 Value $17,447,814 $8, 780, 727 $7,495,052 Red gum— Quantity 706, 945 523, 990 285, 417 Value $9, 334, 268 $5, 693, 555 $2, 747, 680 Chestnut — Quantity 663, 891 243.5.37 206,688 Value $10,703, 130 $3,356,054 $2,764,089 Birch — Quantity 452, 370 224,009 132, 601 Value $7. 666, 186 « $3,459,501 $1, 657, 621 Basswood — Quantity 399, 151 228, 041 308,069 Value $7,781,563 $3,845,885 $3, 954, 625 Ehn— Quantity 347, 456 258,330 456,731 Value $6,088,098 $3,732,609 $5,240,530 Cottonwood — Quantity 265, 600 321, 574 415, 124 Value $4, 794, 424 $4,797,779 $4,303,544 Ash— Quantity 291,209 169, 178 269, 120 Value $7,116,089 $3, 174, 861 $4,263,599 Hickory — Quantity 333,929 106, 824 96,636 Value $10,283,776 $2,557,601 $1,814,500 Walnut— Quantity 46, 108 31,455 38,681 Value $1,972,835 $1,435,509 $1,411,611 Sycamore— Quantity 56,511 18,002 29,715 Value $834, 612 $236, 856 $327,933 All other — Quantity 1,528,571 1, 166, 474 $23,969,098 1,323,746 Value $32,599,949 $19,662,279 Lath: ■ Quantity (thousands) 3,703,195 2,647,847 2,523,998 Value $9,963,439 $5, 435, 968 $4, 698, 909 Shingles: Quantity (thousands) 14,907,371 14,547,477 12,102,017 Value $30,262,462 $24,009,610 $18,809,705 ‘ Includes 297,082 M feet of lumber, board measure, valued at $5, 191,569, reported as “other sawed products,” and not ny kinds of wood. Pianos and organs and materials. — Table 99 includes the statistics for pianos and organs, and materials therefor, but does not include the products of estab- lishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of other musical instruments. The value of all products increased from $41,024,244 in 1899 to $89,789,544 in 1909, or 118.9 per cent, the increase being almost wholly in the value of pianos and player attachments for pianos. A marked feature is the gain in the num- ber of pianos with player attachments manufactured, the output of which increased during the period 1904 to 1909 from 1,868 to 34,495, or seventeen fold. A large decrease occurred between 1904 and 1909 in the number of reed organs made. Table C^C) PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value ‘ $89,789,544 1 $66,092,630 ‘ $41,024,244 Pianos: Number .374, 154 261,197 171,011 Value $.59,501,225 $41,476,479 $27,002,8.52 Upright— Number 365,413 253,825 166,760 Value $55,462,556 $37,815,056 $25,301,432 Without player attachment — Number 3.30,918 251,957 166,536 Value $40, 187,555 $37,397,674 $25,256,687 For or with player attach- ment — Number 34, 495 1,868 224 Value $9,275,001 $417,382 $44,745 Grand— Number 2 8, 741 7,372 4,251 Value $4,038,669 $3, 661, 423 $1,701,420 Player attachments made separate from pianos: Number 10,898 20,391 6,158 Value $l,474,fi30 $2,004,266 $607,873 Organs; Number 65,335 113,966 107,258 Value $5,309,016 $6,152,032 $5,217,261 Pipe — Number 1,224 901 564 Value $2, 713,587 $1,989,979 $1,177,021 Reed — Number 64,111 113,065 106,694 Value $2,595,429 $4,162,053 $4,040,240 Parts and materials All other products $20, 417, 762 $3, 086, 911 $12, 626, 892 $3,832, 961 1 $8,196,258 1 In addition, in 1909, parts and materials to the value of $680,188; in 1904, 1,695 organs, valued at $149,114; and in 1899, 250 pianos, valued at $37,610; and 1,144 organs, valued at $59,508, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Includes a fey pianos with player attachments. Paper and wood pulp. — Table 100 includes statistics for all establishments engaged in the manufacture of wood pulp and in the manufacture of paper, either separately or in conjunction. The total production of wood pulp in 1909 was 2,495,523 tons; in 1904, 1,921,768 tons; and in 1899, 1,179,535 tons. The percentage of increase for the decade was 111.6. Sulphite fiber shows the highest rate of increase, 144.6 per cent. An increasing propoidion of the wood pulp is made by establishments which themselves consume it in making paper; in 1909, 63.5 per cent was so consumed by the establishments making it. The value of all products, which includes some duplication, increased from $127,326,162 in 1899 to $267,656,964 in 1909, or 110.2 per cent. The output of paper products increased from 2,167,593 tons in 1899 to 4,216,708 tons in 1909, or 94.5 per cent, and their value from $107,909,046 to $232,741,049, or 115.7 per cent. Paper stock used for which quantities are re- ported aggregated 4,588,160 tons in 1909, of which wood pulp formed 61.6 per cent; old and waste paper, 21.4 per cent; rags, 7.8 per cent; straw, 6.6 jier cent; and manila stock, 2.6 per cent. The ton of 2,000 pounds is used for showing quantities. 510 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES Xablu lOO laott 1!M)4 1899 MATEniAI.S. Total cost $165,442,341 $111,251,478 $70,530,236 I’ulp wood $22, 772, 475 $20,800,871 $9,8.37. 516 Wood i)ulp, purclia.sed; Tons 1.241,914 R77, 702 644,006 Cost $13,861,357 $27, 033, 164 $1,3,369,404 Ground — Tons 452,849 317.286 201,962 (’osl $9,487,508 J5. 754,259 $4,361,211 Soda fiber— 'I’ons 154,620 120.978 94,042 Cosi, $6,802,804 $5,047,105 $3,430,809 Sulphite fiber— 'foils 020. 029 433,160 27.3.191 Co.st $27,184,720 $16, .567. 122 $10,112,189 other chemical fiber — 'Pons 8,410 6.278 14.808 Cost $320,259 $264,078 $465, 2.55 Kags, including cotton and iia.x waste and sweepings: 'tons 357.470 294.5.52 234,514 (tost $10,721,559 $8,804,007 $0,595,427 Old and waste paper: 'fons 983,882 588, 543 356, 193 Cost $13,691,120 $7,430,335 $4,809,409 Manila stock, including jute bagging, rope, waste, threads, etc.: Tons 117,080 107,029 99,301 Cost $3,560,033 $2,502,3.32 $2,437,250 Straw: Tons 303, 137 304.585 367,305 Cost $1,400,282 $1,502,880 $1,395,659 All other materials $58,375,515 .$42, 517. 283 $27,025,505 PRODUCTS. Total value 1 $267,656,964 $188,715,189 $127,326,162 News paper: In rolls for printing— Tons 1,091,017 840,802 454, 572 Value $42,807,064 $32,763,308 $15,754,992 In sheets lor printing — 'fons 84.. 537 72.020 114.640 Value $1,048,490 $3,143,152 $4,336,882 Book paper: Book — Tons 575.016 434, 500 282,093 Value $42,840,074 $31,150, 728 $19,466,804 Coated— 'fons 95.213 f) (*) Value $9,413,961 (6 (’) Plate, lithograph, map, wood- cut, etc. — Tons 6,498 19, 8.37 22, 366 Value $.555,352 $1,458,343 $2,018,958 Cover- Tons 17,578 22,150 18,749 Value $1,982,853 $2,023,986 $1,665,376 Cardboard, bristol board, card mid- dles, tickets, etc. — Ton.s 51,449 39,060 28.494 Value $3,352,151 $2,764,444 $1,719,813 Fine paper: Writing- Tons 169. 125 131.934 90,204 Value $24,900,102 $19,321,045 $12,222,870 All Other- Tons 29,088 14,898 22,, 503 Value • $4,110,530 $2,928,125 $3,673,104 Wrapping papdr: Manila (rope, jute, tag. etc.)— Tons 73,731 86.826 89,419 Value $0,989,430 $6,136,080 $5,929,764 Heavy (mill wrappers, etc.) — Tons 108., 501 96,992 82.875 Value $4,380,794 $4, 035. 588 $4,143,240 Straw- Tons 32, 988 .54,2.32 91,794 Value $870, 419 $1,389,348 $2,027,518 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCTS— continued . Wrapping jiapcr— Continued. Bogus or wood manila, all grades— 'I’ons 367, 932 228, 371 203,826 Value $19,777,707 $10,099,772 $9,148,677 All other— 'fons 179,855 177,870 67,338 Value $10,202,0.35 $8, 774,804 $3, 293, 174 Boards: Wood pulp— 'foils 71,036 00,863 44, 187 Value $2, 639, 496 $2,347,250 $1, 406, 130 Straw — Tons 171,789 167,278 157,534 Value $.3,750,851 $4,367,560 $3, 187,342 News— 'Tons 74, 006 38,560 .32,119 Value $2,215,469 $1,174,216 $9.30,531 All other— 'Tons 514.208 253, 950 131,777 Value $17,539,768 $9,070,531 $4,829,316 Other paper products: Tissues— Tons 77,745 43, 925 28,406 Value $8,553,654 $5,056,4.38 $3,486, 662 Blotting— Tons 9,577 8,702 4,351 $580,750 Value $1,186, 180 $1,040,790 Building, roofing, asbestos, and sheathing — 96, 915 Tons 225, 824 145,024 Value $9,251,368 $4,845,628 $3,025,967 Hanging— 'fons 92, 158 62. 606 54,330 Value $4,431,514 ■ $.3. (U 3, 404 $2,265, 345 Miscellaneous — Tons 90,577 106, 296 49,101 Value $6,869,169 $6,729,820 $2,795,841 Wood pulp made lor sale or for con- sumption in mills other than where produced: Ground— Tons 310,747 273, 400 280,052 Value $o, 649, 466 $4,323,495 $4,433,699 Soda fiber— Tons 155,844 130, 366 99,014 Value $6,572. 152 $5,159,615 $3,612,602 Sulphite fiber — Tons 444,255 370, 940 271,585 Value $17,9.55,748 $13,661,464 $10,451,400 Another products $4,738,549 $1,924,195 $919,415 ll’ood pu/p. Quantity produced (including that used in mills where manufac- tured), total tons 2,495,523 1,921,768 1,179,535 Ground, tons 1,179,266 9G8, 976 586,374 Soda filler, tons 298, 626 196, 770 177,121 Sul phi le fiber, tons 1,017,031 750,022 416,037 EQUIPMENT. Paper machines: Total number 1,4.80 1,369 1,232 Capacity, yearly, tons 5, 293, 397 3,857,903 2,782,219 Fourdrinier — N umlier 804 752 663 Capacity per 24 lioiirs, tons. . 10,508 8,569 (’) Cylinder — N umber 676 017 569 Capacity per 24 hours, tons. . 6,310 4,740 (») I’ulp: Grinders, number. 1,435 1,362 1,168 Digesters, total number 542 517 426 Sulphite fiber, number 348 309 (“) Soda fiber, numlier 194 208 (*) Capacity, yearly, tons of pulp 3,405.621 2. 644, 7,53 1,536,431 Ground, tons 1,809,685 1,515,088 m Sulphite, tons 1 , 250, 98.3 885,092 m Soda, tons 344,953 244,573 > In addition, paper and wood pulp to the vaiue of $2,567,207 was made by estabiishraents engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Not reported. Phonographs and graphophones. — The following table gives comparative statistics for the manufacture of phonograjihs and graphophones. Tlie value of all prod- ucts increased from $2,246,274 in 1899 to $11,725,996 in 1909, or over fivefold, the bulk of the increase being in the first luilf of the decade. An important feature of the industry is the manufacture of records and blanks, the value of which formed 42.7 percent of the total value of products in 1909, 45.7 per cent in 1904, and 24 per cent in 1899. Tit bio J0I PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1.899 Total value >$11,725,996 $10,237,075 $2,246,274 Phonographs and graphophones: (*) (») Number 344,681 Value $5,406,684 $2,960,343 $1,240,503 Records and blanks: Number 27,183,959 (H (») Value $5, 007, 10-1 $4,078,547 $539, 370 All other products $1,312,208 $2,692, 185 $466, 401 > In addition, records and parts to the value of $.21,889 were made by establish- ments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Indu.stry designation. > Not reported. 511 STATES, ('nT]^:S, ANE INDUS^J'RIES. Printing and publishing. — The statistics for printing and publishing given in the following table include book and job printing and publishing; the printing and publishing of music; newspa 2 )ers and periodicals; bookbinding and blank-book making; engraving, in- cluding plate printing; and lithogra{)hing. Under the head of job printing is included the job printing done by news})aper, periodical, and other establishments, as well as that of regular job-printing establishments. The value of products reported for the bookbinding and blank-book industry includes the value of all products of concerns engaged primarily in these branches, as well as the value of bookbinding and blank books reported by printing and publishing establishments. In like manner there is included under electrotyping, engraving, and lithographing the value of all products of establishments engaged primarily in these branches. The value of all products was S737,876,087 in 1909, $552,473,353 in 1904, and $395,180,629 in 1899, the rate of increase for the period 1899-1909 being 86.7 per cent. The income of newspapers and periodicals from subscriptions, sales, and advertising was $337,- 596,288 in 1909, as compared with $175,789,610 in 1899, the rate of increase for the decade being 92 per cent. Of the total income from these sources, that from advertising formed 00 per cent in 1909 and 54.5 per cent in 1899, having increased much faster than that from subscrij)tions and sales. Newspapers and periodicals increased in number from 18,793 in 1899 to 22,141 in 1909, or 17.8 per cent, and their aggregate circulation increased 53.9 per- cent. The average circulation per issue was 7,428 in 1909, as compared with 6,866 in 1904 and 5,688 in 1899. The greatest relative increases in circulation during the decade were reported for dailies and month- lies. In the circulation of the latter, however, there was a decrease between 1904 and 1909. 1909 1904 1899 PRODUCT. 1909 19) Trade journals generally — $50,624,341 Number 6S5 627 $53,978,853 Aggregate circulation 3, 572, 441 3,428,596 General 'literature, including $2,293,077 (') monthly and quarterly maga- zines — Number 340 328 $62,930,394 $.53,312,492 Aggregate circulation 31,322,035 30, 615, 577 Medicine and surgery — $10,209,509 (‘) Number 197 192 .Vggregate circulation 931,584 1,054,948 Law — $5,510,698 $4,673,685 $219,397,019 Number 56 81 Aggregate circulation 151,346 194,035 $1,000,966 (‘) .Science and mechanics — Number 139 S3 Aggregate circulation 1, 421, 955 525, 523 $207,940,227 $149, 262, 070 Fraternal orgainizations — $50,552,808 $40,788,708 Number 419 450 Aggregate circulation 6, 982, 235 5,356,427 .$47,956,979 $.35,018,234 Education and history — $11,885, 141 $12,601,822 Number 202 173 .\ggregate circulation 1,879,383 2,119, 797 Society, art, music, fashions, etc. — Number 164 155 22,141 21,848 18,793 Aggregate circulation 13, 445, 661 15, 289, 431 164,463,040 ■150,009,723 106,889,334 College and school periodicals— Number 271 178 Aggregate circulation 330, 705 248,240 2,600 2,452 2,226 Miscellaneous — 24,211,977 19,632,603 15, 102, 156 Number. .1 139 538 Aggregate circulation 1,087,937 4, 860, 518 520 494 507 13,347,282 12,022,341 (’) By language; English — 708 703 699 Number 20, 744 20, 599 2,648,308 3,233,658 3,061,478 Aggregate circulation 155, 432,243 142, 441,068 Foreign (including foreign and 15,097 15,006 12, 979 English) — 40,822,965 30,226,717 34,242,052 Number 1,397 1,249 .\ggregate circulation 9,030,797 7, 568, 655 2,491 2,500 1,817 French— 63, 280, 535 64,306, 155 37,869,897 Number 39 46 -\ggregate circulation 446, 739 252, 135 725 693 505 German— 20, 151,973 14,588,249 16,613,751 Number 692 700 .\ggregate circulation 4, 434, 146 3, 922, 227 Italian— Number 104 63 Aggregate circulation 500, 475 319, 450 17,698 17,032 15,506 Scandinavian — 61,074,990 53,355,893 (•) Number 161 162 Aggregate circulation 1,118,601 1,149,619 1,251 1,287 952 Letto Slavic — 29, 523, 777 22,383,631 (>) Number 169 128 -Aggregate circulation 917, 649 605, 9.S7 ■Vll other — 316 360 307 Number 232 150 11,327,253 8, 106,275 (>) .Aggregate circulation 1 , 613, 187 1,319,2.37 Table 103 Total value Publications: Newspapers and periodicals. Subscriptions and sa! Advertising Newspapers Subscriptions and sales. . . Advertising Periodicals Subscriptions and sales. . . Advertising Ready prints, patent insides and outsides Books and pamphlets— Published, or printed and published Printed for publication by others Sheet music and books of music — Published or printed and published Printed for publication by others Products for sale and in execution of orders: Job printing Book binding and blank books .. Electrotyping, engraving, and lithographing All other products NEWSP.^PERS AND PERIODICALS. Number Aggregate circulation By period of issue; Daily (exclusive of Sunday) — Number Aggregate circulation Sunday — Number .Aggregate circulation Semiweekly and triweekly — Number Aggregate circulation Weekly- Number Aggregate circulation Monthly — Number Aggregate circulation All other — Number Aggregate circulation ; . By character: News, politics, and family read- ing— Number Aggregate circulation Religious — Number Aggregate circulation Agricultural, horticultural, dairy, stock raising, etc. — Number Aggregate circulation 1899 (') (’) (“) (S) ( 3 ) (?) (’) ( 3 ) (3) (2) ( 3 ) 190 520 239 111 62 66 200 120 88 139 293 (5) (^) (=) (») (^) (») (*) (») 17,761 1,032 633 35 115 75 143 : Not reported separately. ’ Included with circulation of dailies. • Not reported. 512 MiSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. The statistics in regard to the number of books and pamphlets published in 1909, classified by character, ar(( given below. Comparative statistics for earlier censuses are not available. Xublo JO:i BOOKS AND BAMPlILKTS. Titles or editions. Volumes. Copies. Total number published 46,739 54,620 161,361,844 Biography, corro.spondenc(‘ 554 616 657, 464 Description, geography, travel 847 952 4,540,647 Domeiitic and rural 330 336 2,023,193 Education 10,390 12, 159 41,6.36,847 Fiction 14,606 15,772 46, 942, 399 Eine arts, illustrated gift books 541 587 2, 849, 371 History 613 954 2, 923, 187 Humor and satire 208 211 885,262 Juvenile 4, 167 4,202 10, 184, 030 Law 535 862 1,496, 194 Literature and collected works 2,047 3, 841 5,037,972 Medical, hygiene 681 738 1,519,4.80 Philosophy 222 252 265,077 Physical and mathematical science 291 307 356, 413 Poetry and the drama 1,387 1,574 1,980,824 Political and social science 658 689 1,862,429 Scientific and similar associations 1,082 1,141 1,258,562 Sports and amusements Theology and religion 412 423 2,430,074 5,096 6,539 23,608,230 Useful arts 512 538 1,104,599 Works of reference 1,560 1,927 7,799,590 Shipbuilding, including boat building. — The follow- ing table shows the value of work done on the different classes of water craft during the several census years, not including that done in Government establishments, and also the value of repair work and all other prod- ucts of the shipbuilding industry. The total value of products was lower in 1909 than in 1904 or 1899. Table 104 PRODUCT." 1909 1904 1899 » $73,360,316 42,310, 925 37,718,018 4,592,907 20,800 3, 155, 375 1,416,732 26,678,643 4,370,747 » $82,769,239 56, 121,227 53,119,935 3,001,292 $74,532,277 37,719, 308 35,750,473 1,968,835 Work done during the year on vessels Vessels of 5 gross tons and over. . . Boats of less than 5 gross tons Motor, gasoline, electric, and 1, 879, 288 1,122, 004 22,829,040 3, 818, 972 1,059,365 909, 470 23, 134, 436 13,678,533 Sailboats, rowboats, canoes, 1 Not including work done in Governraentsliipyards, valued in 1909 at $25,872,033; in 1904, at $17,265,469; and in 1899, at $11,022,312. 2 In addition, the following items were reported by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the industry designation: Work done on vessels of 5 tons and over, launched, $418,905; vessels building but not launched, $30,184; boats of under 5 tons, $145,155; and other boat products and repairs, $182,462; or a total of $776,706. 3 In addition, the following items were reported by establishments engaged pri- marily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation: Work done on vessels of 5 tons and over, launched, $463,018; boats of under 5 tons, $147,542; and other boat products and repairs, $46,782; or a total of $6.57,342. The value of the products of governmental shipyards in 1909 was $25,872,0.33; in 1904, $17,265,469; and in 1899, $11,022,312. Thus the total value of products reported for all establishments, governmental and pri- vate, was $99,232,348 in 1909, $100,034,708 in 1904, and $85,554,589 in 1899. The increase of $13,677,759, or 16 per cent, shown for the period 1899-1909, was due entirely to work of governmental establishments. The following table shows the number of vessels of each class launched during the census years 1909, 1904, and 1899. These figures are not strictly comparable with those giving values presented in the preceding table, since the former cover all work done during the year, both on vessels launched during the year and on those not yet launched at its close. The number of vessels of nearly every class was less in 1909 than at the two preceding censuses, but the number of boats increased greatly, the number made by all establish- ments aggregating 8,577, of which number 97.3 per cent were gasoline motor boats. Table 105 CLASS OF VESSELS. 1909 1904 1899 Vessels ol 5 gross tons and over launched dur- ing the year: " N umber 2 1,584 8 2,114 2,081 Gross tons 407,219 504,020 687, 159 Net tons 381, 198 424,708 542,324 Steel vessels— Number 158 155 134 Gross tons 254,986 154,314 262, 516 Net tons 193, 144 106,826 186,509 Steam— N umber 96 122 123 Gross tons 219,617 140.047 237,379 Net tons 159, 297 93,365 104,313 Motor — Number 15 2, 466 Net tons 2.078 Sail, with and without auxiliary — Number 3 8 6 Gross tons 2,046 4,779 21,085 Net tons 1,735 4,591 18,348 Unrigged— Number 44 25 5 Gross tons 30,857 9,488 4,052 Net tons 30,034 8,870 3,848 Wooden vessels — Number 1,426 1,959 1,947 Gross tons 212,233 349, 706 424,643 Net tons 188,054 317,882 355,815 Steam— N umber 85 186 396 Gross tons 15,016 35,048 48,932 Net tons 9,662 23,365 32,845 Motor — Number 430 307 Gross tons 6,923 3,157 Net tons 5,146 2.333 Sail, with and without aii.xiliary— Number 116 341 642 Gross tons 15,413 59,836 59,209 Net tons 12,955 50,483 51,772 Unrigged— Number 795 1,125 909 Gross tons 174,881 251,665 316, 502 Net tons 160,291 241,701 271,198 Boats of less than 5 gross tons, number < 5 8, 577 8 3, 499 1,687 8 Motor 8, 569 3, 499 1,687 Gasoline 8.342 (') Electric 12 {') G Other 215 (') (’) > Not including vessels launched in Government shipyards as follows; In 1909, 3 steel ami 28 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 350 gross tons and the wooden a total of 1,709 gross tons, and in 1904, 17 steel and 14 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 23,8.50 gross tons and the wooden a total of 3,402 gross tons. 2 In addition, there were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of products other than those covered by the industry designation, 8 steel and 14 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 5,429 gross tons and the wooden a total of 7,106 gross tons. 3 In addition , there were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manu- facture of products other than those covered by the industry de.sigiiatioii, 3 steel and 131 wooden vessels, the steel vessels having a total of 408 gross tons and the wooden a total of 21,919 gross tons. < Not including .53 boats built in Government shipyards In 1909 and 52 In 1904. ® In addition, 412 boats were built by establishments engaged primarily In the manufacture of producl.s oilier than those covered by the indu.stry designation. « In addition, ;i6.5 boats were built by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the Industry designation. 7 Not reported separately. 513 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. j Laundries.— Steam laundries are not j^enerally con- sidered as manufacturing establishments, and there- fore statistics for them have been excluded from I prior censuses. Since the iiulustiy has, however, j dovelo])cd so rapidly, large amounts of capital now i being invested, and many wage earners being em- ployed, it should no longer be omitted from the indus- trial census. The establishments are conducted according to factoiy methods, and therefore the sta- tistics are associated with those for the manufacturing industries of the Thirteenth Census. They are not included, however, m the general tables or in the totals for manufacturing industries. During the year 1909 there were in the United States 5,186 laundries operated by the use of mechanical power. The capital reported by these establishments as mvested in the industry amounted to $68,935,000. In addition, such establishments rent a great deal of property, the annual rental paid by laundries for plant and equipment amounting in 1909 to $2,277,000. The value of the work done was $104,680,086. In addition to ascertaining the average number of wage earners employed during the entire year, the census calls for the actual number of wage earn -rs, by sex and age periods, employed on December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day. On that date there were employed 112,064 wage earners, of whom 31,947, or 28.5 per cent, were men; 79,152, or 70.6 per cent, women; and 965, or 0.9 per cent, children under 16 years of age. The following statement summarizes the statistics: Number of establishments 5, 186 Capital invested $68, 935, 000 Cost of materials used $17, 696, 000 Salaries and wages, total $53, 007, 747 Salaries $8, 180, 769 Wages $44,826,978 Miscellaneous expenses $14,483,497 Value of products or amount received for work done. . $104, 680, 086 Employees: Number of salaried officials and clerks 9, 170 Average number of wage earners employed dur- ing the year 109, 484 Actual number of wage earners employed on Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day.. 112,064 Men 16 years and over 31, 947 Women 16 years and over 79, 152 Children under 16 years — Male 274 Female 691 Primary power used, horsepower 123, 477 The number of wage earners employed each month and the per cent which this number represented of the greatest number employed in laundries hi any month were as follows: 72497°— 13 33 Table lOG MONTU. WAGE KAHNERH. MONTH. WAGE EAKNERM. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Nuniljer. Per cent of maxi- mum. January Febniary March April May Juno 101, 741) 103,937 104,970 100, 422 108, 149 111,313 90.0 90.7 91.0 92.9 94.4 97.2 July August September Octol)or November December 114,211 114,.539 113,738 111,500 110,479 110,805 99.7 100.0 99.3 97.3 9(i.5 96.7 The different kinds of primary power, the number of engines, and the horsepower used in laundries during 1909 are shown in the following tabular statement: Table 107 KIND. Number of engines or motors. Horse- power. Primary power, total 123,477 109,870 105,272 4,073 456 4,527 4,119 379 Steam Gas 18 Water motors 11 G9 Rented 13,607 2,401 11', 157 2,450 The kind and amount of fuel used in laundries are shown in the following statement: Table 108 ^ind. Unit. Quantity. Tons (2.240 lbs.) .. Tons (2,000 lbs.) . . Tons (2,000 lbs.) .. Cords 178,640 886,734 14, 785 94,723 372,586 2,729,324 Bituminous coal Oil Barrels 1,000 feet Small custom sawmills and gristmills. — Statistics for small custom sawmills and gristmills are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manufactur- ing industries, but are presented in the following sum- mary. The cost of materials and value of products for gristmills include an estimate of the grain ground, but it was impossible to estimate the value of tha lumber sawed in the custom sawmills. Table 109 Small custom sawmills. Small custom gristmills. 4,133 11,961 12,836 5,702 44 22,596 15,435 147 Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) 7,090 7,014 272,763 Primary horsepower... . T 93,280 $5, 655, 145 2,160,271 $21,258,510 48,110,565 1,186,540 > 46,314,808 0)09, 157 Services 1,696, 152 97.574 366; 545 4,515,881 255 , 115,553 1 Includes estimated value of all grain ground. 2 Includes estimate of value of products from all grain ground. In addition, custom ground products, valued at $1,170,751, were made by establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of products other than those covered by the indus- try designation. 514 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Notes.— Tlio figures for some in(Iustrie,s do not represent tlie total production, bosause important establishments that manufacture the same class of products may iK) included in other induslrlos. (See Introduction.) i’riinary liorsepower includes power generated in manufacturing establishments plus electric and other power renteti from outside sources; it does not include electric power generated by primary units of the establishments reporting. In the statistics of power for 1809 there is a difference of 1.54,72:1 horsepower between the total and the sum of the figures for the various Industries. This is due to the lmi)ossibility of making correct revision of the figures for each industry for comparison with 1904 and 1909. [.\ minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Tabic 1 lO INDUSTRY. Con- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. 1 Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. W ages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE, Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners ( average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. All Industries 1909 268,491 7,678,578 273,265 790,267 6,615,046 18,675,376 $18,428,270 $938,575 $3,427,038 $12,142,791 $20,672,052 $8,529,261 21.0 39.7 1904 216,180 6,213,612 225,673 519,556 5,468,383 13,487,707 12,675,581 574,439 2,610,445 8,500,208 14,793,903 6,293,695 16.0 29.7 1899 207,514 364,120 4,712,763 10,097,893 8,975,256 380,771 2,008,361 6,575,851 11,406,927 4,831,076 Agricultural implements. 1909 640 60, 229 465 9,213 50,551 100,601 256,281 10, 140 28, 609 60, 307 146. 329 80, 022 6.7 30.6 1904 648 55, 089 496 7,199 47,394 89, 738 196, 741 7,573 25, 003 48. 281 112,007 03, 726 1.7 10.7 1899 715 10,040 46,582 157, 708 8, 363 22,451 43, 945 101,207 57, 262 .Artificial flowers and 1909 412 11.583 520 1,047 10,016 334 9,693 1,160 3, 974 13,627 23,981 10, 354 130.6 357.0 feathers and plumes. 1904 213 4,913 289 281 4,343 184 2,568 232 1,397 2,014 5,247 3,233 -18.5 -16.6 1899 224 285 5, 331 113 3,633 291 1,561 2, 703 6,293 3, 530 -Artificial stone ' 1909 3,439 15,202 4,208 1,037 9,957 12,185 16,010 785 5, 342 7,043 18,596 11,553 297.3 350.5 1904 477 3,417 571 340 2,506 2,776 3,316 261 1,403 1,430 4,128 2,698 Artists’ materials 1909 46 865 25 182 658 1,628 1,730 202 307 1,360 2,340 980 140.1 105.4 1904 28 372 30 68 274 568 876 67 137 687 1,139 452 37.0 129.2 1899 21 32 200 289 377 38 79 249 497 248 Automobiles, including 1909 743 85, 359 405 9,233 75,721 75, 550 173,837 9,479 48,694 131,646 249,202 117,556 528.4 729.7 bodies and parts. 1904 178 13,333 103 1,181 12,049 10,109 23,084 1,257 7,159 13,151 30.034 16,883 437.7 532.6 1809 57 268 2,241 5,769 295 1,321 1,804 4, 748 2, 944 .Awnings, tents, and sails. 1909 621 5,747 648 857 4,242 2,022 7,865 809 2,188 8,377 14, 499 6,122 23.6 28.7 1904 390 4, 406 442 532 3,432 1J05 4,793 507 1,757 6,670 11,269 4,599 2.9 23.2 1899 340 416 3,335 921 3, 537 325 1,569 5,228 9, 144 3,916 .Axle grease 1909 38 334 13 145 176 492 935 155 88 828 1,481 653 47.9 68.5 1904 25 196 22 55 119 210 608 65 62 368 879 511 -6.3 22.4 1899 29 85 127 181 577 83 55 360 718 358 Babbitt metal and solder. 1909 109 1,491 66 528 897 2,293 7.418 739 561 16,270 19,768 3,498 57.6 50.9 1904 75 882 70 243 569 1.138 4,129 265 338 10, 864 13,100 2, 236 6.4 42.5 1899 61 145 535 999 3,116 172 295 7,998 9, 191 1,193 Bags, other than paper.. . 1909 109 8, 838 72 798 7, 968 6.855 24.625 1,068 2,942 46,364 .54,882 8,518 39.3 40.7 1904 79 6, 308 54 532 5,722 4.522 12,387 602 1,829 30,758 37, 399 6,641 45.9 90.3 1899 73 336 3,922 1,755 7,418 379 1,102 16,439 19, 652 3,213 Bags, paper 1909 74 3. 683 42 429 3,212 3,885 10. 780 714 1,306 10,355 15,698 5,343 29.9 55.6 1904 62 2, 886 53 360 2,473 2,927 11,441 405 930 6, 595 10.087 3,492 24.3 48.4 1890 63 340 1,989 2,148 6,917 369 628 4,499 6, 799 2,300 B aking powders and yeast . 1909 144 3.531 110 1,266 2.155 3,335 33, 647 1,710 1,046 9, 338 20. 775 11,437 -12.0 9.1 1904 164 3,355 150 756 2,449 2,965 13,233 939 1,042 8,940 19.043 10, 103 26.4 30.7 1899 191 749 1,938 2,446 8, 338 835 717 7,127 14.568 7, 441 Baskets, and rattan and 1909 4,56 5,419 476 279 4, 664 7.196 4.199 244 1,747 2,335 5,695 3. 360 -8.7 9.8 willow ware. 1904 486 5,867 525 236 5, 106 6,2.52 3, 600 203 1.731 1,803 5, 187 3.384 21.1 42.7 1899 454 182 4,217 5,997 2, 844 140 1,213 1,335 3, 636 2.301 Beet sugar 1909 .58 8,389 1 1,184 7, 204 57. 202 129, 629 1,769 4,808 27, 265 48, 122 20,857 81.8 97. .3 1904 51 4,72f) 763 3,963 35.490 55.923 1,005 2,487 14,487 24,394 9,907 101.2 233.1 1899 30 350 1,970 14.460 20, 142 357 1,092 4,804 7, 324 2,520 Belting and hose, leather. 1909 139 4,370 100 1,264 3,006 5, 638 17, 457 1,502 1.861 1,5,623 23,692 8,069 43.7 66. 6 1904 117 2.800 94 614 2,092 3,220 10,785 787 1,165 9,317 14.220 4,903 25.5 33.9 1899 104 443 1,667 2,162 7, 408 485 914 7,500 10,623 3,123 Belting and hose, woven 1909 46 7,304 11 974 6,319 20, ,547 24,260 1,384 2,956 14,505 24,729 10, 224 43.9 39.0 and rubber. 1904 39 5,019 15 614 4, .390 13, 491 15,909 984 2,0.57 10, 787 17,791 7,004 116.8 158.4 1899 25 231 2,025 5,612 6,020 380 982 4,528 G, 886 2,358 Bicycles, motorcycles, and 1909 95 .5,017 78 502 4,437 5,932 9,780 582 2,908 5,083 10,699 5,616 33.7 107.6 parts. 1904 101 3, 761 81 361 3,, 319 5,730 5, 883 351 1,971 2,628 5,1.53 2,525 -81.1 -83.9 1899 312 2,034 17,525 19,847 29,784 1,753 8,190 16,792 31,916 15,124 Billiard tables and ma- 1909 54 1,776 48 233 1,495 2,642 4,705 3,52 1,011 3,369 5,878 2,509 87.8 164.4 terials. 1904 48 964 52 116 796 631 1,618 151 ,501 937 2,223 1,286 75.7 34.9 1899 74 88 453 277 884 105 278 729 1,648 919 Blacking and cleansing 1909 ,501 4,407 434 1,556 2,417 3,977 7,557 1,780 1,140 6,962 14, 679 7,717 35.6 69.7 and polishing prepara- 1904 294 2,786 281 72,3 1,782 2,708 4, 560 774 738 4,, 383 8, 651 4,268 1.4 29.2 1899 275 686 1,758 1,873 3,602 713 634 3,152 6, 698 3,540 Bluing 1909 82 545 94 138 313 242 656 112 114 494 1,074 580 51.9 58,2 1904 56 306 53 47 206 284 570 45 77 266 079 413 -0.4 17.9 1899 05 54 220 116 415 41 79 245 676 331 Bone, carbon, and iamp 1909 27 302 7 67 228 1,023 1,842 78 149 445 1,093 048 14.0 6,8.7 black. 1904 25 2.58 11 47 200 1,085 1 , 663 48 105 203 648 445 135.3 80.0 1899 15 21 85 3G5 782 24 46 106 300 254 Boots and .shoes, includ- 1909 1,918 215,923 1,838 15, 788 198,297 96,302 222, .324 18, 629 98, 463 332, 738 512, 798 180,000 23.7 43.4 ing cut stock and find- 1904 1,895 171,940 2,128 9, .51 8 160,294 63,908 136,802 9,412 73,072 225, 288 ,3,57,688 132, 400 0.0 23.3 ings. 1899 2, 253 8, .348 151,231 .55,489 110,363 8,169 61,924 191,450 1 290,047 98, .591 ' Included in “marble and stone” in 1899. STATES, CnT]^:S, AND INDUSTRIES. 515 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [So 0 explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table no— Centd. INnilSTRY, Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- iish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. i Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of p-oducts. Value added Ijy manu- facture (value of [iroducts less cost of mate- rials). 1 PER CENT OF 1 INCREASE. 1 Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- j bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Boots and shoes, rubber. . 1909 22 18,899 1,287 17,612 25,903 $43,905 $1,415 $8,544 $29,577 $49,721 $20,144 -7.3 -29.0 1904 22 19,815 2 822 18,991 26,084 39,442 874 8,867 32,000 70,065 .38,065 32.0 70.5 1899 22 483 14,391 25,017 33,668 597 6, 427 22,683 41,090 18. 407 Boxes, cigar 1909 274 6,852 301 436 6,115 6,049 5,403 471 2,234 4,313 8, 491 4,178 -2.7 9.1 1904 297 7,036 384 370 6,282 5,548 4,457 333 2,120 3,810 7,786 3,976 36.3 32.9 1899 315 216 4,609 4,274 3,288 172 1,440 3,061 5,857 2,796 Boxes, fancy and paper. . 1909 949 43,568 815 3,239 39,514 23,323 35, 475 3,709 14,015 25,716 54, 450 28,734 23.2 47.7 1904 796 35, 194 786 2,326 32,082 15,117 22,691 2,313 10, 208 10,686 36,867 20, 181 16.0 35.0 1899 729 1,368 27,653 9,286 14,979 1,209 8, 152 27,316 15,551 Brass and bronze prod- 1909 1,021 45, 441 828 3,995 40,618 106, 120 109,319 5,540 23, 677 99, 228 149,989 50, 761 22.5 46.5 nets. 1904 813 36,952 784 3,000 33,168 69.494 77, 438 3,778 17,666 65, 653 102, 407 36, 754 22.1 15.5 1899 695 1,813 27,166 47, 257 51,120 2,297 13,599 61,189 88,654 27, 465 Bread and other bakery 1909 23,926 144,322 26, 982 17,124 100,216 65,298 212,910 13,764 59, 351 238,034 396, 865 158,831 23.3 47.2 products. 1904 18,226 109, 673 20,037 8,358 81,278 37,241 122, 353 6,273 43.172 155,989 269,583 113,594 35.0 53.7 1899 14,836 9,167 60, 192 22, 472 80,902 6,063 27, 864 95,052 175,369 80,317 Brick and tile 1909 4,215 85, 764 4,285 4,951 76, 528 341,169 174,673 5,439 37, 139 23,736 92, 776 69,040 15.9 30.4 1904 4,634 75,006 5,295 3,690 66,021 255,362 119,957 3,530 28,646 16,317 71,152 54,835 6.5 38.8 1899 5,423 2,426 61,979 176, 700 82,086 2, 025 21,883 11,006 51,270 40, 264 Brooms and brushes 1 1909 1,282 15,143 1,451 1,539 12, 153 8,800 18,982 1,661 5.404 15,578 29,126 13,548 6.4 38.0 1904 1,316 13,958 1,551 982 11,425 6,441 12,0.52 925 4,380 10,999 21,104 10, 105 10.4 14.2 1S99 1,523 900 10,346 4,482 1 9,616 758 3,788 9,544 18, 484 8,940 Butter, cheese, and con- 1909 8, 479 31,506 8,019 5,056 18, 431 101,. 349 71,284 3, 591 11,081 235,546 274,558 39,012 18.5 63.2 densed millr. 1904 8,926 25, 865 6,801 3,507 15, 557 93,845 47, 256 1,376 8,413 142, 920 168, 183 25, 263 21.5 28.6 1899 9,242 2, 818 12, 799 88, 062 36, 303 912 6,146 108, 841 130, 783 21,942 Butter, reworking 1909 24 418 10 113 295 1,471 3,543 128 186 7,424 8,200 776 -27.0 12.8 1904 35 526 32 90 404 1,084 1,719 85 252 6,247 7,271 1,024 173.0 243.8 1899 10 29 148 631 256 30 68 1,345 2,115 770 Buttons 1909 444 18,004 519 1,058 16,427 12,831 15,640 1,299 6,789 9,541 22,708 13,167 55.5 104.0 1904 275 11,637 302 768 10,567 6,982 7,784 711 3,680 4,144 11,134 6,990 21.7 44.7 1899 238 339 8, 685 4, 165 4, 213 296 2, 826 2,803 7, 696 4,893 Calcium lights 1909 10 26 7 4 15 53 55 4 11 24 52 28 -63.4 -61.5 1904 22 85 28 16 41 132 144 12 24 35 135 100 -25.5 13.4 1899 19 6 55 80 95 6 24 35 119 84 Candles* 1909 16 649 7 103 539 799 2,959 101 246 2,176 . 3, 130 954 -33.9 -19.5 1904 17 930 25 89 816 931 3, 004 135 294 2, 911 3,889 978 Canning and preserving. . 1909 3,767 71,972 4, 244 7,760 59,908 81,179 119,207 7,864 19,082 101,823 157,101 55, 278 5.3 20.4 1904 3,168 66,022 3,450 5,628 56,944 60,831 79, 246 5,231 16, 336 83,147 130, 466 47,319 -0.1 31.3 1899 2 , 570 4,199 57,012 38, 024 55, 481 3,479 13,705 63, GC8 99, 335 35,667 Card cutting and design- 1909 68 702 79 98 525 269 684 93 238 374 1,031 657 -24.6 -4.8 ing. 1904 60 834 72 66 696 222 488 52 261 478 1,083 605 114.2 75.2 1899 43 25 325 219 338 22 135 313 618 305 Carpets and rugs, other 1909 139 34, 706 134 1,265 33,307 38,553 75,627 2, 209 15,536 39, 563 71,188 31,625 0.3 15.6 than rag. 1904 139 34,393 149 1,023 33, 221 33,945 56, 781 1,397 13,724 37,948 01,586 23,638 16.9 27.8 1899 133 687 28,411 26, 740 44, 449 881 11,121 27,229 48, 192 20, 903 Carpets, rag 1909 428 2,688 489 217 1,082 2,651 1,546 182 860 689 2,568 1,879 14.2 33.9 1904 363 2,331 458 137 1,736 1,667 1,100 87 675 489 1,918 1,429 31.7 9.3 1899 805 57 1,318 599 867 30 443 622 1,755 1,133 Carriages and sleds, chil- 1909 84 5, 769 50 419 5, 300 5,281 6,883 490 2,217 4,129 8,805 4,076 32.4 38.2 dren’s. 1904 78 4,379 52 324 4,003 3,633 4,336 341 1,783 2, 840 6,371 3,531 46.8 48.5 1899 172 2,726 2, 462 2, 907 159 1,090 1,996 4,290 2, 294 Carriages and wagons and 1909 5, 492 82,944 6,213 6,803 69,928 126,032 175, 474 7,960 37, 595 81,951 159,893 77, 942 -10.2 2.6 materials. 1904 5,588 90,751 6,575 6, 294 77,882 106,159 152, 345 6,581 38, 363 77,528 155, 809 78,341 5.5 12.7 1899 6, 792 5,026 73,812 83,771 128,962 4,759 33, 565 66,772 138, 262 71, 490 Cars and general shop con- 1909 1,145 301,273 2 19,097 282, 174 293, 361 238,317 17,3,39 181,344 199,413 405, 601 206, 188 19.1 30.9 structidn and repairs by 1904 1,140 250, 199 13,329 230,870 107,973 146,886 11,920 142, 153 151,105 309, 775 158,670 36.4 42.0 1899 1,292 7,094 173,595 95,087 119,473 0,208 96,007 109, 472 218,114 108,642 panics. Cars and general shop con- 1909 541 23,699 1,281 22,418 35, 794 38,899 1,204 14,480 15,168 31,963 16,795 102.8 137.9 struction and repairs by 1904 86 11,551 499 11,052 3,154 12, 906 543 7,013 5,463 13,437 7,974 57.3 43.4 1899 108 201 7,025 6,443 10, 782 194 4,405 4,337 9,371 5,034 panics. Cars, steam-railroad, not 1909 no 47,094 7 4,001 43,086 97, 797 139,805 5,138 27,135 78, 753 123, 730 44,977 26.5 11.3 including operations of 1904 73 36, 367 G 2,303 34, 058 55, 994 88, 179 2. 855 20, 2-18 75, 657 111,175 35,518 1.8 22.8 1899 05 1,360 33,453 33, 395 88, 324 1,538 16, 987 61.743 90,510 28, 767 Cars, street-railroad, not 1909 14 4,005 1 421 3,583 15,101 14, 168 594 2,177 4.260 7,810 3, .550 -24.2 -28.0 including operations of 1904 14 4,997 3 264 4,730 7,054 12. 976 398 2, 840 5.341 10. 844 5,503 31.9 48.4 1899 20 144 3, 585 4,865 7, 615 235 1.951 3, 967 7. 305 3, 338 Cash registers and calcu- 1909 50 9,249 7 1,777 7, 465 6, 944 27, 224 2,736 5,312 3.552 23, 70S 20, 156 83.0 140.1 lating machines. 1904 32 5,012 10 923 4, 079 4,139 7,588 1,109 2,442 1,516 9,875 8,359 97.3 74.0 1899 18 327 2,067 1,340 5,242 329 1,250 921 4.^754 Cement * 1909 135 29,511 17 2, 719 26, 775 371,799 187, 398 3,653 15, 320 29, 344 63, 205 33, 861 53.2 111.6 1904 129 18,887 26 1,383 17,478 149,004 85,759 1,858 8, 814 12, 215 29, 873 17,658 Charcoal 1909 76 731 75 25 631 165 641 23 253 448 872 424 -31.6 -32.5 1904 74 1,025 77 25 923 355 717 22 343 642 1,202 650 -48.3 13.9 1899 183 23 1,786 164 811 16 431 405 1,134 729 ■ Includes 898 establishments reported as “ brooms” and 384 as ” brushes” in 1909. * Inciuded in “soap” in 1899. 3 Included in “lime” In 1899. 516 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— CK)ntinued. [Sec explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] 'I'ulilo llO -Conld. INDUSTRY. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary bor.se- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. Uon- sus. Num- ber of estab- lisli- ments. Total. Pro- prie.- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average numt)er). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Chemicals > 1909 349 27, 791 1.54 3, 923 23. 714 208, 604 $1,55,144 $6. 137 $14,085 $64, 122 $117, 689 $53,567 19.7 56.5 1904 275 22,707 123 2, 778 19,806 132,262 96.621 4,048 10,790 42. 063 75,222 33, 159 4.1 20.1 1899 433 2, 123 19,020 90, 349 89, 009 2, 923 9,393 34, 546 62, 637 28,091 China decorating 1909 40 436 45 63 328 18 559 80 191 311 786 475 45.8 140.4 1904 28 273 30 18 225 6 261 16 99 108 327 219 -24.5 -32.6 1899 49 31 298 269 21 122 207 485 278 Chocolate and cocoa 1909 27 3,404 10 568 2,826 10, 593 13, 685 970 1,269 15,523 22, 390 6 867 35.2 55,8 products. 1904 25 2, 396 15 291 2, 090 5,217 8,379 463 822 9,723 14, 390 4,667 59.1 48.9 1899 24 289 1,314 2,756 6,891 371 526 6. 877 9.666 2,789 Clock.s and watches, in- 1909 120 25,439 53 1,529 23, 857 14,957 57,500 2, 181 12, 944 11,131 35,197 24,066 5.7 18.2 eluding cases and mate- 1904 97 23, 891 63 1,249 22, 579 10, 731 42, 189 1,6.38 11,892 9.872 29.790 19.918 31.0 34.7 1S99 109 676 17, 155 7.251 31,514 8,315 8,819 22,110 13,291 Cloth, sponging and re- 1909 57 1, 167 67 125 975 704 629 127 651 85 1,544 1,459 22.6 46.6 finishing. 1904 55 922 68 59 795 322 401 62 504 39 1,053 1,014 48.9 86.0 1899 46 39 534 109 289 35 268 17 566 549 Clothing, horse 1909 33 1.830 40 142 1,648 1,454 3,279 171 492 2,773 4, 135 1,362 55.0 93.2 1904 29 1, 168 32 73 1,003 656 1.499 72 342 1,329 2.140 811 84.9 64.0 1899 26 55 575 271 654 47 177 848 1.305 457 Clothing, men’s, button- 1909 146 1,031 181 20 8.30 176 225 12 389 105 781 .676 -8.1 11.8 holes. 1904 141 1.075 164 8 903 137 262 5 380 95 700 605 -4.3 2.8 1899 149 11 944 113 247 6 332 98 681 583 Clothing, men’s, includ- 1909 6, 354 271,437 8.502 23,239 239, 696 42, 725 275,320 26.723 106, 277 297,515 568.077 27'0,562 38.0 39.7 ing shirts. 1904 5,145 196,366 7,006 15,671 173, 689 29,829 176,557 15,740 68. 459 211,433 406, 768 195,3:15 10.2 25.6 1899 6, 419 11,906 157,549 20,457 140, 191 12, 032 56,391 168. 169 323. 8.39 155. 670 Clothing, women’s 1909 4,558 179,021 6,482 18, 796 153, 743 22. 294 129, 301 20,418 78,568 208, 788 384, 752 175. 964 32.9 55.4 1904 3, 351 131,5.38 4.913 10, 920 115,705 14,916 73. 948 9,976 51, 180 130, 720 247, 662 116,942 38.2 55.4 1899 2,701 6. 715 83, 739 9,962 48, 432 6,574 32,586 84, 705 159, 340 74. 6.35 Coffee and spice, roasting 1909 007 13, 516 497 5.529 7,490 22.334 46,042 6,596 3,676 83, 205 110.533 27.328 25.7 31.3 and grinding.* 1904 421 9,245 442 2,844 5, 9.59 15, 703 38,735 .3, 216 2,830 65,847 84. 188 18,341 -3.7 21.1 1899 458 2,749 6, 3S7 16.270 28, 437 2,951 2, 487 55, 112 69, 527 14,415 Coffins, burial cases, and 1909 284 11,448 161 1,948 9, .339 16, 490 25, 843 2,411 4.633 11,964 24, 526 12,562 10.3 21.0 undertakers’ goods. 1904 239 9, 797 168 1,161 8.468 13, 178 18, 5.32 1,345 4,120 9,501 20, 200 10, 765 23.8 45.3 1899 217 948 6, 840 8, 927 13.585 1,023 3.077 6,94*' 13,952 7,007 Coke 1909 315 .31.226 101 1,852 29. 273 62, 602 152, 321 2,072 15, 454 64,025 95, 097 31, 672 54.2 85.0 1904 278 20, 440 73 l,.3Sfi 18,981 66,669 90. 713 1,247 9,304 29,885 51,729 21,844 11.7 45.4 1899 241 915 16,999 34 767 36, 503 797 7,086 19,G(>6 35, 585 15,919 Confectionery 1909 1.944 54,854 1,832 8,384 44,638 35,870 68,326 9, 137 15, 615 81,151 134, 790 53, 045 23.2 .54.8 1904 1,.348 42, 729 1,,300 5,124 36, 239 24, 292 43, 125 4. 840 11.699 48,810 87, 087 38. 277 34.9 43. 6 1899 962 4,304 26, S66 19 410 26,319 3, 525 8,020 35. 354 60. 644 25, 290 Cooperage and wooden 1909 1,693 29,717 1.760 1,688 26, 269 65, 108 50, 342 2,047 11,715 36,928 60, 24,8 23, 320 -5.3 4.0 goods, not elsewhere 1904 1,719 31,133 1.853 1.537 27. 743 56, 988 36, 756 1,752 11,843 34,971 57, 950 22, 985 9.6 37.9 1899 1,798 969 25, 323 38 462 25 602 963 9.860 23.619 42,025 18, 406 Copper, tin, and sheet- 1909 4,228 86, 9.34 4,423 8,896 73,615 62,366 217, 532 10,288 .39, 501 112.582 199,824 87, 242 38.8 66.6 iron products. 1904 2,540 60. 71.3 2.851 4,827 53,035 30, 229 147, (i08 6,070 26, 209 63. 921 119,9.33 56,012 38.4 53.1 1899 1, 985 9 . 924 38, 31 7 98 S9Q 49 A7Q 2, 810 16, 924 42. ()02 78, 359 Cordage and twine and 1909 164 27.214 80 1,314 25,820 78, 549 76,020 1,863 9,133 40,915 01,020 20, 105 1.9 -5.6 jute and linen goods. 1904 145 26. 442 6)0 1,050 25,332 66, 244 56, 467 1,597 8,824 46,031 64, 664 18, 033 17.0 31.8 1899 160 682 21 651 47 QQQ 4.3 U'^,3 1,021 6,554 33,004 49, 078 16,014 Cordials and sirups 1909 117 1,6,38 94 449 1,095 1, 1.54 4,804 627 503 5, .341 9. 002 4,321 65.9 175.3 1904 63 899 68 171 660 782 1,666 242 2.36 2, 119 3,510 1,301 82.3 66.6 1899 39 112 3li2 573 1 121 117 1.505 2. 107 602 Cork, cutting 1909 62 .3,376 49 185 3,142 3, 746 5, .327 267 1,098 3, 43,5 5. 940 2,505 8.5 32.3 1904 ,50 3,080 49 1.36 2,895 2. 589 4,009 198 888 2,459 4.491 2, 032 23.7 2.3 1KQ9 02 136 9 .'140 1 9 . A.84 195 fi88 2 404 4. 392 1,988 Corsets 1909 1.38 19,611 91 1,950 17. 564 4,581 18,033 2,871 6, 404 15,640 .33,257 17.017 00.0 123,8 1901 109 11,948 96 877 10,975 3, 284 9, ,589 1.010 ,3, 000 0. 135 14,802 8,727 -10.8 a.8 IVOO 13.8 Ri r^ 19 9Q7 7 Mn 960 .3 Tvl.*! 6 357 14 451 8,094 Cotton goods, including 1909 1,324 .387,771 377 8, .514 378,880 1,296, 517 822, 2.38 14,412 1.32, 8.59 371,009 028, 392 257, ,383 19.9 39.5 cotton small wares. 1904 1. 154 323.287 4.32 6. 981 .315,874 986, 604 613, 111 10,2.38 90, 200 280, 255 450, 408 104, 213 4.3 32.8 1,809 1 055 4 902 309 xrj 7Q.5 834 467 240 7,350 86, 690 176, 552 339, 200 162,618 Crucibles 1909 12 398 4 59 .335 816 2,051 1.30 180 1,089 1,849 700 19.6 37.7 1904 11 340 57 2S0 027 1 . .577 116 159 702 1,343 .581 -58,3 -48.5 1809 11 89 071 ym 1 844 154 251 1,673 2,607 934 Cutlery and tools, not 1909 9,59 37,161 814 3,351 32. 99(; 68, 294 67.380 4, 182 17, .581 18, 279 ,'•.3, 260 34,987 20.0 36.5 elsewhere specified. 1001 838 29, 004 827 1,989 26, 188 .54,, 397 43. 729 2, 333 13. 125 13, 278 .39,022 25, 744 33.3 ,38.6 1800 721 1 404 19 642 .18 9x:i 30 152 1, 606 9, 434 0,748 28,116 18, 398 Dairymen’s, poulterers’. 1909 233 6, 4,31 206 1,3.54 4,871 6,898 15, 188 1,416 2, 071 6,089 15, 403 9,374 80.8 1.36. 3 and apiarists’ supplies.* 1901 176 3.273 165 500 2, 608 3, 994 5,030 359 1,107 3, 203 6, 545 3,342 Dentists’ materials 1909 87 1,982 09 340 1,573 805 6, 258 54,5 744 8,101 10,836 2,7:15 - I S. 2 38.7 1904 80 2,291 79 290 1,922 1,113 4,681 .334 949 5,5 U) 7,810 2,:ioo 89.0 109. 9 1899 68 182 1.017 375 2,112 184 509 2. 109 3,721 1.012 • Inelmles “sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acid.s” and “wood distillation, not including turpentine and rosin” in 1899. ’ Includes “peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and .shelling” in 1899. ’ Included in other clas-sifications in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 517 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Tabic 1 lO-Contd. Num- ber of e.stab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages, Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of proflucts loss cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. INDUSTRY. Cen- sus. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Dnjg grinding 1909 25 1,152 16 214 922 3,322 $5, 187 $268 $464 $3,4,54 $6,007 $2,553 -6.0 16.7 1904 27 1,111 23 107 981 2,866 4,991 155 483 3, 024 5,146 2, 122 52.3 19.5 26 102 644 4,697 2, 8:j8 127 292 3,315 4,308 993 Dyeing and finishing tex- 1909 420 47,303 318 2,939 44,046 107,746 114,093 5,035 21,227 35,261 83, 556 48,295 23.8 64.3 tiles. 1904 360 38,071 310 2, 196 35,565 84,868 88,709 3,407 15,469 19,621 50,850 31,229 19.4 13. 1 1SQ0 298 1,318 29,776 69,238 60,643 2,267 12,726 17,958 44,963 27,005 Dyestuffs and extracts. .. 1909 107 3,015 65 553 2,397 22 , 213 17,935 942 1,291 9,684 15,955 6,271 -11.5 46.5 1904 98 3,150 82 '361 2,707 17,671 14,904 609 1,264 6,829 10,893 4.064 64.4 48.2 1899 77 229 1,647 11,409 7,839 312 788 4,746 7,351 2,605 Electrical machinery, ap- 1909 1,009 105,600 4.39 17,905 87,256 158, 768 267.844 20, 193 49,381 108,566 221,309 112, 743 44.3 57.2 paratus, and supplies. 1904 784 71,485 400 10,619 60, 466 105,376 174,066 11,091 31,842 66,837 140,809 73,972 43.9 52.3 189Q 581 5,067 42,013 43,674 83, 660 4,632 20,579 49, 458 92,434 42,976 Electroplating 1909 461 3,558 554 287 2,717 4,461 2,324 243 1,652 1,205 4,510 3,305 39.8 52.1 1904 312 2,458 371 144 1,943 2,588 1,287 132 1,093 747 2,965 2,218 -6.9 9.0 1899 302 115 2,086 2,933 1,322 93 949 784 2,720 1,936 Emery and other abrasive 1909 51 2,446 20 483 1,943 4,005 6,231 657 1,156 2,651 6,711 4,060 142.6 225.5 wheels. 1904 34 1,000 11 188 801 1,965 2,249 217 451 705 2,062 1,357 46.7 49.2 1899 34 125 546 1,044 1,490 127 303 509 1,382 873 Enameling and japan- 1909 108 2,418 105 188 2, 125 1,695 2,880 204 922 1,496 3,316 1,820 -78.7 -79.7 ning.i 1904 124 10,657 99 595 9,903 7,856 18,571 814 3,830 7,394 16,316 8,922 27.2 60. 1 1899 167 307 7,835 3,052 9,302 309 2,334 5,522 10, 194 4,672 Engravers’ materials 1909 18 189 13 47 129 549 393 68 96 609 921 312 163.3 438.6 1904 10 68 13 6 49 135 98 11 31 96 171 75 -35.5 -39.4 1899 11 13 76 105 101 22 45 142 282 ■140 Engraving and diesinking 1909 253 1,782 300 174 1,308 768 1,449 168 821 351 2,250 1,899 -16.8 -7.1 1904 305 2, 100 352 175 1,573 1,032 1,211 160 1,032 376 2,422 2,046 63.2 65.0 1899 277 75 964 616 720 63 543 203 1,468 1,265 Engraving, wood 1909 82 480 89 73 318 39 193 82 259 126 711 585 -5.9 9.7 1904 114 505 129 38 338 45 185 42 245 60 648 588 0.6 5.5 1899 144 22 336 47 231 23 206 63 614 551 Explosives 1909 86 7,058 21 763 6,274 28,601 50,168 1,134 4,304 22,812 40, 140 17,328 8.2 35.6 1904 124 7,113 24 1,289 5,800 29,665 42,307 1,797 3,309 17, 204 29,603 12,399 28.8 72.9 1899 97 768 4,502 19, 195 19,466 914 2,384 10,335 17, 125 6,790 Fancy articles, not else- 1909 494 14, 194 477 1,526 12, 191 8,310 15,768 1,728 5,096 10,361 22,632 12,271 19.5 28.6 where specified . 1904 435 11,748 483 1,066 10, 199 5,886 9,501 1,037 4,080 7,537 17,594 10,057 20.7 36.4 1899 496 875 8,451 4,386 6,854 739 3,023 5,943 12,896 6,953 Fertilizers 1909 550 21,950 323 3,317 18,310 64,711 121,537 4,406 7,477 69, 522 103,960 34 , 438 29. 1 83.9 1904 399 16,091 294 1,613 14, 184 47,989 68,917 1,934 5,127 39, 288 56,541 17,253 22.5 26.6. 1899 422 1,712 11,581 38,680 60, 686 2, 125 4,185 28.958 44,657 15.699 Files 1909 57 4,521 47 316 4, 158 7,383 10,413 338 1,978 1,596 5,691 4,095 26.9 29.6 1904 62 3,450 65 109 3 ; 276 5 ; 697 5,866 170 i;514 1,311 4,392 3 ; 081 3.7 29.0. 1899 86 127 3, 160 4,835 3, 858 154 1,277 1, 166 3, 404 2, 238 Firearms and ammuni- 1909 66 16,042 30 1,297 14,715 17,840 39,377 1,920 8,427 17,021 34, 112 17,091 7.9 20.9 tion. 1904 62 14,400 38 728 13,634 21,408 22. 493 1, 100 7,755 12,339 28,206 15,867 40.4 52.7 1899 65 432 9,713 7,470 13, 635 614 5, 103 8,742 18, 472 9, 730 Fire extinguishers, chem- 1909 31 300 10 95 195 215 527 134 127 305 754 449 9.6 29.6 ical. 1904 35 267 23 66 178 140 338 59 108 229 582 353 178. 1 167.0 1899 17 47 64 26 137 39 33 71 218 147 Fireworks 1909 42 1,567 22 142 1,403 517 2,209 217 579 896 2,269 1,373 -5.2 14.2 1904 34 1,637 25 132 1,480 347 1,543 141 536 769 1,987 1,218 -9.6 11.3 1899 46 136 1,638 219 1,086 146 507 628 1,785 1, 157 Flags, banners, regalia. 1909 211 4,522 207 743 3,572 1,173 5,781 710 1,489 3,810 8,114 4,304 24.4 44.7 society badges, and em- 1904 171 3,517 169 476 2,872 949 3,916 482 1,128 2, ,506 5,608 3, 102 38.2 37.2 blems. 1899 145 306 2,078 435 2, 406 259 620 2, 144 4,088 1, 944 Flavoring extracts 1909 420 2,634 377 1,028 1,229 1,060 5,341 1,082 558 4,458 8, 828 4,370 -20.4 13.6 1904 377 2,599 384 672 1, 543 873 4,405 698 653 3,936 7,772 3,836 23.3 23.2 1899 350 594 1,251 704 3,314 654 478 3, 291 6, 308 3,017 Flax and hemp, dressed . . 1909 10 216 22 30 164 1 , 147 785 29 64 336 467 131 -23.4 34.6 1904 17 246 17 15 214 600 239 9 60 233 347 114 1.4 118.2 1899 4 12 211 187 72 7 46 91 159 68 Flour-mill and gristmill 1909 11,691 66,054 14,570 12,031 39, 453 853,584 349,152 12,517 21 , 464 767, 576 883,584 116,008 0.9 23.9 products. 1904 10,051 59, 623 13,098 7,415 39,110 775,318 265, 117 7,352 19,822 619,971 713, 033 93,062 21.4 42.2 1899 9,476 5, 522 32,226 670,719 189,281 5, 258 16, 285 428,117 501, 396 73, 279 Food preparations 1909 1,213 20, 965 1,131 4.866 14,968 55 , 166 64,685 5 , 805 7,043 83,942 125,331 41,, 389 .32.1 104.9 1904 766 14, 739 749 2,657 11,333 28, 162 51,784 2,999 4,398 37, 668 61, 180 23,512 38.0 53.6 1899 645 1,538 8,214 15, 485 21,401 1,495 3,099 24, 777 39, 837 15, 0()0 Foundry and machine- 1909 13,253 615,485 9,851 74, 623 531,011 869, 305 1,514,332 93, 795 321,521 540,011 1,228,475 688, 464 19.8 39.5 shop products.^ 1904 10, 765 502, 185 9,370 49, 406 443,409 606, 165 1,034, 1,35 59 , 703 246, 573 367,412 880, 514 513, 102 3.8 10.3 1899 11,046 34,286 426, 985 443,085 790, 741 39,318 219,870 363, 036 798, 454 435, 418 Foundry supplies 1909 49 710 27 219- 464 4,995 2,688 255 276 1,272 2,298 1,026 47.3 117.0 1904 34 414 22 77 315 3,543 1,516 73 156 625 1,059 434 13.3 ->6.2 1899 30 75 278 3,505 982 79 136 628 1,129 501 Fuel, manufactured 3 1909 11 112 2 22 88 1,290 432 22 50 155 311 156 ! 1 ' Totals for 1899 and 1904 include some establishments classed as “ copper, tin, and sheet-iron products,” in 1909. 2 Includes “locomotives, not made by railroad companies,” and “stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves,” in 1899. * None reported in 1904 or 1899. 518 ABSTRACT OF THE CJ^NSUS -MANUFACrrURES. (XJMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— CS 21 , 424 9. 956 5S.3 100.9 2,300 6,0.30 487 2, 434 5,510 10,357 4,8-17 ‘ Included Inolhor olas-sldcatlons In l!)0f ari'l 1899. * Includes “hats, straw,” in 1899. ’ Included in “hats and cap.s, other than felt, straw, and wool,” in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIIOS. 519 (.’OMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, RY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See e.\planatory notes on the first pat:o of this table.] Table 110 — Contd. INDUSTRY. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estal)- lish- mcnts. PERSONS ENG.\QED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of l^roducts. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OK INCREA.SE, Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber) . Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Hones and whetstones... 1909 IS 173 13 8 152 677 *382 $6 $72 $110 $268 $158 -30.9 -13.0 1904 17 251 12 19 220 684 42:! 20 94 103 308 205 16.4 57.1 1899 18 19 189 593 217 6 73 64 196 132 Horseshoes, not made in 1909 19 360 60 293 1,045 1,,396 99 166 356 1,015 659 26.3 -27.0 steel works or rolling 1904 8 273 1 40 232 1,014 1,227 54 127 256 799 543 0.4 00.4 mills. 1899 7 18 231 545 463 36 117 211 498 287 Hosiery and knit goods. . . 1909 1,374 1.36. 1.30 1,134 5,721 129,275 103,709 163,041 7,691 44, 740 110,241 200, 143 89,902 24.2 46.0 1904 1,144 109,489 1,067 4,330 104,092 78. 769 100, 94.3 4,455 31,615 76, 789 137,070 60,287 24.4 43.0 1899 1 , 00(i 2,831 83, 691 57,346 82,066 3,138 24, 434 51,195 95, 834 44, 639 House-furnishing goods, 1909 200 5,916 236 773 4,907 9,328 12, 784 1,007 2,035 12,371 18, 509 6, 138 2.7 2.3.3 not elsewhere specified. 1904 237 5,555 234 543 4,778 8,748 9,872 582 1,880 9,627 15,011 5,384 -8.3 5.1 1899 209 584 5,212 8,531 10,634 628 1,838 9,198 14,278 5,080 Ice, manufactured 1909 2,004 21,107 1,066 3,927 10,114 317,789 118,641 3,868 9,779 11,317 42,953 31,636 59.5 80.6 1904 1,320 13, 179 746 2,332 10,101 191,660 66, 592 2,001 5,549 6,011 23, 790 17,779 46.8 72.0 1899 1,531 6, 880 100, 421 38,020 1,226 3,403 3,312 13, 781 10, 469 Ink, printing 1909 71 1,854 38 695 1,121 5,857 7,144 1,092 773 4,175 8,865 4,690 57.7 53.5 1904 60 1,117 45 361 711 3,384 4. 610 530 475 2,613 5,774 3,161 41.4 87.5 1899 60 253 503 1,895 2 , 945 298 1,536 3,080 1,544 Ink, writing 1909 47 824 37 282 505 169 2,114 376 203 1,078 2,505 1,427 17.4 33.2 1904 42 607 36 141 430 224 1,287 191 170 858 1,881 1,023 50.9 45.5 1899 44 148 285 359 877 134 114 573 1,293 720 Instruments,professional 1909 263 6,175 222 1,136 4, 817 4,856 11,724 1,233 2,925 2,918 10,504 7,586 40.2 95.3 and scientific. 1904 225 4,145 200 508 3,437 2,110 5,383 532 1,823 1,350 5,378 4,028 23.9 10.8 1899 261 389 2,775 2.471 4, 476 402 1,429 1,363 4,853 3,490 "Iron and steel, blast fur- 1909 208 43,061 48 4,584 38, 429 1, 173, 422 487, 581 6,525 24, 607 320,638 391,429 70, 791 9.6 68.8 naces. 1904 190 37,335 26 2,231 35,078 773,278 236, 146 2,891 18, 935 178, 942 231,823 52,881 -10.6 12.1 1899 223 1,757 39,241 497, 272 143, 159 2, 304 18, 484 131, 504 206, 757 75, 253 .dron and steel, steel works 1909 446 260, 762 47 20, 639 240,076 2, 100, 978 1,004,735 26, 191 163, 201 657,501 985, 723 328, 222 15. 7 46.3 and rolling mills. 1904 415 221, 956 64 14,330 207, 562 1,649,299 700, 182 17,860 122, 492 441,204 673, 965 232, 761 13.3 12.9 1899 445 7, 454 183, 249 1,100,801 430, 232 9,433 102, 336 390, 895 597,212 206, 317 Iron and steel, bolts, nuts. 1909 108 12, .395 38 1,012 11,345 22.113 30, 250 1,373 5,793 12,804 24, 485 11,681 40.2 66.7 washers, and rivets, not 1904 88 8, 771 49 632 8,090 13.825 18,913 912 3,642 7,807 14,687 6,880 5.6 5.1 made in steel works or 1899 72 420 7, 660 9,165 10,800 571 2,992 8,071 13, 978 5,907 rolling mills. Iron and steel, doors and 1909 29 1,816 18 197 1,601 1,997 3,045 224 874 1,283 3,006 1,723 129.0 103.5 shutters. 1904 24 811 19 93 699 969 1,120 117 407 602 1,477 875 497.4 361.6 1899 13 20 117 223 262 19 86 116 320 204 Iron and steel forgings 1909 172 9, 193 90 935 8,168 27, 803 27, 755 1,300 5,003 10,240 20,293 10, 053 44.2 67. 6 1904 138 6,347 77 605 5,665 16,069 28, 246 824 3, 428 5,752 12,110 6,358 20.8 16.0 1899 90 322 4,688 7,697 9,676 411 2,559 5,213 10, 438 5,225 Iron and steel, nails and 1909 57 3, 239 42 432 2,765 7, 723 8,898 562 1,353 3,972 8, 192 4,220 -24.9 -8.2 spikes, cut and 1904 76 4,147 60 406 3,681 10, 5,33 8,742 454 1,684 4,686 8,923 4, 237 -17.8 -39.6 wrought, including 1899 102 431 4, 477 12, 853 10, 751 444 2,042 8,562 14, 777 6, 215 wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel pipe. 1909 28 7,309 17 475 6,817 20, 656 22, 266 657 3,963 22,942 30, 886 7, 944 2.5.9 77.5 wrought. 1904 27 5, 723 11 296 5,410 15,094 13,053 309 2, 473 12,747 17,401 4, 654 -2.2 -18.3 1899 19 193 5, 536 11,717 18,344 266 2, 496 15, 524 21,292 Jewelry 1909 1,.5.37 36, 992 1,846 4,799 30, 347 11,204 63,811 5,838 18,358 36,675 80,350 43,675 37.4 51.0 1 1904 1,023 26,119 1,436 2,603 22, 080 7,872 39, 679 2, 939 12, 593 24, 177 53, 226 29, 049 7.9 15.4 1899 851 1,806 20, 468 6,656 27, 872 1,842 10,644 22, 235 46, 129 23,894 .Tewelry and instrument 1909 120 2, 441 139 232 2,070 527 1,841 232 954 1,221 3,116 1,895 23.5 36.0 oases. 1904 97 1,923 126 121 1,676 359 1, 4.38 107 624 843 2,292 1,449 104.6 98.1 1899 63 52 819 208 548 35 323 436 1,157 721 Kaolin and ground earths 1909 119 2,351 53 308 1,990 20,920 13,226 417 897 2,042 4,681 2.639 -7.7 5.5 1904 131 2,501 91 253 2.157 17, .325 10, 196 329 899 1,869 4.439 2,570 3.0 19.3 1899 145 232 2,094 18, 404 12,212 2.57 821 1 6.^1 3, 722 2 071 Labels and tags 1909 96 2,880 85 482 2,313 1,589 3,857 541 1,123 1,910 4,670 2,760 71.6 89.7 1904 67 1,610 65 197 1,348 919 2,118 258 609 957 2, 462 1,505 78.8 122.8 1899 47 96 754 392 848 120 289 388 1, 105 717 l apidary work 1909 77 886 90 169 627 679 4,808 195 889 6, 5()0 9,173 2,613 23.7 20.0 1904 54 681 72 102 507 554 2,384 109 657 6,224 7, 047 1,423 1.8 32.2 1899 60 43 498 212 3,087 51 499 4,656 5,786 1, 130 Lard , refined , not made in 1909 7 515 6 110 399 72,3 1,434 108 180 9,631 10, 326 695 -9.5 68.5 slaughtering and meat- 1904 9 528 10 77 441 598 1,163 108 219 5,040 6,129 4S9 -11.6 -29.0 packing establishments. 1899 19 54 499 714 1,336 80 238 7,497 8,631 1 . 134 Lasts 1909 00 2,029 47 254 1,728 3,386 3,001 412 1, 203 1,324 4,159 2,835 43. 0 65.0 1904 55 1,453 59 186 1,208 2, 865 2,009 223 798 768 2,520 1,7.52 6.8 34.0 1899 97 1.131 1,951 1 485 108 650 527 1,880 1 .35.3 Lead , bar, pipe, and sheet . 1909 33 1.044 8 234 802 3,179 20, 587 360 510 7.412 9,145 1,733 24.3 -1.4 1904 32 834 11 177 640 2,487 5,015 239 405 7,910 9,277 1,367 6.8 24.1 1899 34 151 605 2,007 3,949 202 322 6.280 7,478 1,198 Leather goods 1909 2,375 43,525 2, .552 6,066 34, 907 28, 148 69,814 0,701 17,921 60,027 104,719 44, 692 2. 1 27.5 1904 1,918 40,508 2,148 4,171 34, 189 16,257 50,919 4,148 15, 707 44,435 82, 121 37,686 16.8 35.9 1899 1,568 3,207 29,274 10,947 33,895 2,829 11,892 33, 195 60,414 27,219 520 AliS^rilACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, I5Y SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899-Continucd. fSee explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Xablo 1 lO— Contd. INDUSTRY. ('on- sus. Num- ber of cstab- lish- menl.s. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mom- .Salaried em- ployees. W a^e earners | (average nuinliGr). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). V'alue of prod- ucts. bers. Expressed in thousands. Leather, 1 aimed, curried, 1909 919 07, 100 784 4,114 62,202 148,140 $332. 727 $6, 744 *:32, 103 $248, 279 $.327, 874 $79,. 595 8.7 29.8 au(i finished. 1904 1,049 61 . 6.02 1,112 3,251 57,2:19 117,450 242, 584 4,452 27,049 191,179 252,621 61,442 9.8 23.8 1899 1,300 2.442 52, 109 88, 860 173,977 3, 159 22,591 155, 000 204, 038 49, 038 Lime > 4 1909 S.W 15, 0.59 704 968 13, 897 27,671 32. 520 1,080 5, 980 6,731 17,952 11,221 24.0 21.7 1904 520 12,383 500 731 11,152 18, 198 22,596 703 4,597 5,437 14,761 9,314 -41.0 -48.6 1899 998 1,406 19,085 93,540 48,787 1,416 7,741 11,040 28, 674 17, 634 Liquors, distilled 1909 613 8, ,328 503 1,335 6,430 46, 120 72,450 1,988 3,074 35,977 204.699 168,722 20.1 55.9 1904 805 7,229 794 1,080 5,. 355 42. :i49 50, 101 1,.393 2,657 25,626 131,270 105,644 44.0 35.6 1899 905 661 3,720 31,427 32,540 890 1,733 15,145 96, 794 81,649 Liquors, malt 1909 1.414 00,725 039 11,507 54,579 .347,726 671,158 22,804 41,206 96,596 374,730 278, 134 13.4 25.6 1!104 1, 5,30 58,008 876 9,055 48. 137 266, 159 515, 6.:i0 17,316 34, 541 74,907 298,346 223, 439 22.0 25.9 1899 1,507 7, 146 39,459 197,901 413,767 13,038 25, 776 51,598 236,915 185,317 Liquors, vinous 1909 290 2,720 236 579 1,911 6,771 27,908 863 972 6,626 13,121 6,495 -0.1 18.2 1904 435 2,801 396 492 1,913 6, 713 17,775 573 1,002 5, 693 11.098 5,405 04. 5 69.5 1899 359 344 1,163 3,416 9,838 365 446 3,689 6,547 2 , 858 Locomotives, not made 1909 16 16.945 7 2,029 14,909 35,102 52,060 2,297 8,914 1.5,060 31,582 16,522 -39.9 -47.0 by railroad companies.* 1904 15 25, 979 9 1,164 24,806 29, 806 38,421 1,675 15, 798 27,703 59, 552 31,849 Looking-glass and pic- 1909 437 7,470 431 1,018 6,021 5, 3.30 9,058 1,119 3,261 5.525 13,475 7,950 -9.1 1.5 ture frames. 1904 442 8.076 467 984 6,025 4.653 7,634 955 3,315 4.975 13,270 8,295 9.9 22.3 1899 362 884 6,029 3,357 789 2,550 4,729 10,847 6,118 Lumber and timber prod- 1909 40,671 784, 989 48,825 41,145 695,019 2,840.082 1,176,675 47.428 318.739 508.118 1,1.56,129 648,011 30.5 30/7 ucls. 1904 25, 153 593, 342 30, 738 30,038 532,566 1,886, 624 733, 708 31,737 245, 834 360, 325 884, 267 523,942 4.7 10.2 1899 28, 133 20, 940 508,766 1.658, 594 541,595 18,715 188, 395 364. 904 760, 992 396,028 Malt 1909 114 2.237 52 425 1,760 26,441 60,286 884 1,348 30, 464 38,252 7.788 -14.3 26.3 1904 141 2.594 90 444 2,054 20,288 47, 934 747 1,457 23, 621 30,289 6, 668 3.2 50.3 1899 146 290 1,990 13,834 39, 288 471 1,183 14,817 19,374 4,557 Marble and stone work *. . 1909 4,964 77,275 6,026 5,646 65,603 187, 686 114,842 6,386 42,546 37,397 113,093 75, 696 28.4 33.3 1904 2,608 67,866 3,300 3,456 51,110 102,887 79,170 4,000 31,899 26, 569 84,844 58,275 22.6 33.3 1899 2, 952 2,606 41,686 83,119 52, 982 2, 440 22,843 21,546 63,667 42,121 Matches 1909 26 4,220 46 543 3,6.31 6,224 11,953 723 1,390 4,599 11,353 6, 754 14.0 101.0 1904 23 3,308 7 176 3,185 3,. 539 5,334 178 1,101 3,285 5,647 2,362 55.6 -0.0 1899 22 66 2,047 2, 666 3,893 87 613 3,421 6,006 2,585 Mats and matting 1909 12 1,040 18 85 937 1,433 4,051 95 385 1,067 2,432 1,365 49.9 95.7 1904 12 696 13 58 625 1,524 839 67 249 574 1,243 669 -47.8 6.7 1899 9 42 1,197 1,733 994 31 237 516 1,165 049 Mattresses and spring beds 1909 930 14,109 869 1,918 11,322 17,689 23, 735 2,039 5,771 20,483 35,783 15,300 8.6 28.9 1904 716 12,438 757 1,254 10,427 13,220 14,514 1,2.53 4,816 15,326 27, 755 12,429 30.3 54.6 1899 589 Sol 7, 649 7,980 7, 999 770 3,102 10, 227 17,956 7,729 Millinery and lace goods. . 1909 1,579 46,301 1,934 5,100 39,201 7,918 35, 705 5,381 16,308 45,040 85,894 40,854 42.5 09.2 1904 860 31,417 1,163 2, 754 27,500 4,737 17,850 2,296 10, 307 26,259 50, 778 24,519 03.0 72.3 1899 591 1,592 16, 871 1,852 10,765 1,393 5,818 15,654 29,469 13,815 Mineral and soda waters . . 1909 4,916 22,060 5,743 3,170 13,147 19,392 42,305 2, 846 6,902 16,466 43,508 27,042 20.8 43.8 1904 3,468 16, .554 4,099 1,570 10,879 12, 214 28,098 1,393 5,488 10,002 '30,Z51 20,249 23.8 30.0 1899 2, 763 1,423 8, 788 8, 037 19, 727 1,101 4, 080 8, 565 23,269 14, 704 Mirrors 1909 148 3,509 131 384 2,994 3,862 4,890 450 1,763 5,905 9,571 3,666 13.0 25.9 1904 119 3,068 117 302 2,6.49 2,795 3,859 332 1,375 4,587 7,005 3,018 3.7 -5.0 1899 103 269 2 333 3,184 277 1,232 4, 996 8,004 3,008 Models and patterns, not 1909 709 5,450 840 439 4,171 5,486 5,576 490 2,929 2,876 8,808 5,992 50.0 95.1 including paper pat- 1904 547 3, 678 656 242 2,780 4,358 2,896 238 1,788 922 4,545 3,623 6.6 18.5 1899 530 118 2,607 3 0511 2, 250 113 1,565 825 3,834 3,009 1909 16 718 207 506 486 19,428 396 335 2, 192 4,206 2, 014 Muciiage and paste 1909 127 901 108 2,55 538 2,335 2,717 353 286 3,283 4,918 1,635 14.5 38.3 1904 111 728 100 158 470 1,,505 2,430 166 237 2,301 3,556 1,255 2.0 39.1 1899 no 1G6 458 1 426 1,220 155 193 1,613 2, 550 943 Musical instruments and 1909 187 2, 269 187 260 1,822 1,423 3,298 343 992 890 3,228 2,338 -14.8 -7.3 materials , not specified . 1904 181 2,554 1 190 225 2, i:i9 1 , 603 3, 743 252 1,162 1,130 3,482 2,3.52 -11.1 2.6 1899 229 158 2, 405 1 417 3,896 142 1,232 1,205 3,395 2,190 Musical instruments. 1909 507 41,882 297 3,565 38, 020 41,623 103,234 6,552 22, 762 43, 765 89, 790 46, 025 14.9 35.9 pianos and organs and 1904 444 36,106 303 2,722 33,081 30, 1,34 6vS,482 3,728 18,527 27,987 66,093 38,106 55.2 61.1 materials. 1899 390 1,518 21 , 309 20, 789 43,810 2,015 11,543 17,371 41,024 23,053 Needles, pins, and hooks 1909 49 4,978 ! 27 313 4, 6^8 4,. 542 6, 705 .393 2,064 2,329 0, 094 4,30,') 17.0 40.9 and eyes. 1904 40 4,196 31 200 3,96.5 2, 440 5,332 2.53 1,596 1,584 4, 751 3,167 49.5 46.7 189Q 52 1.3.5 2, fi.53 2 103 4,618 147 1,007 1,228 3,238 2,010 Oakum 1909 6 129 - 9 113 280 ,342 14 42 232 3.38 106 -20, 4 -6.4 1904 6 158 5 11 142 ,36.7 488 14 49 241 361 120 -17.0 -18. 0 1899 7 10 171 375 410 17 51 284 440 156 Oil. castor 1909 4 70 4 12 54 385 1,0.38 27 32 601 905 241 2.5. 0 40.7 1904 4 .57 14 43 500 625 27 28 487 643 156 -12.2 62.8 1899 3 12 40 200 539 17 29 293 305 102 Oil, cottonseed, and cake. 1909 817 21,273 no 4, 092 17, 071 192, 342 01,086 4,295 5, R3."> 119,833 147,868 28, 0,1.5 9.0 5.1. 4 1904 715 18,832 63 3, 22<) 1.5, .540 150, 246 7.3, 770 3,002 4,838 80 , o:io 06, 408 IC), 378 41.2 61 2 1899 369 1,560 n , 007 73, 071 34,451 1,579 3, 143 45. 160 58, 727 13. ,561 1 Includes “cement” and “wall plaster” in 1S99. ^ Ineliided in “foundry and maohine.shop prodilets” in 1899. * Include.s “artlHcial stone” in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTKIES. 521 COMPAHATIVE SUMMAR^" FOR THE UNITED STATES, HY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Coiitiiiuod. [See oxplaimtory notes on Iho first page of this table.] Tabic I lO-Contd. INDUSTRY. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Oil, essential 1909 68 1904 52 1899 47 Oil, linseed 1909 29 1904 30 1899 48 Oil, not elsewhere speci- 1909 189 lied. 1904 186 1899 201 Oilcloth and linoleum — 1909 31 1904 27 1899 27 Oleomargarine 1909 12 1904 14 1899 24 Optical goods 1909 217 1904 122 1899 91 Paint and varnish 1909 791 1904 639 1899 600 Paper and wood pulp 1909 777 1904 761 1899 763 Paper goods, not else- 1909 403 where specified. 1904 308 1899 246 Paper patterns 1909 27 1904 26 1899 15 Patent medicines and 1909 3,642 compounds and drug- 1904 2,777 gists’ preparations. 1899 2,154 Paving materials 1909 49 1904 54 1899 99 Peanuts, grading, roast- 1909 46 ing, cleaning, and shell- 1904 30 ing. 1 Pencils, lead 1909 11 1904 8 1899 7 Pens, fountain, stylo- 1909 65 graphic, and gold. 1904 49 1899 45 Pens, steel 1909 5 1904 5 1899 3 Petroleum, refining 1909 147 1904 98 1899 67 Phonographs and graph- 1909 18 ophones. 1904 14 1899 11 Photographic apparatus 1909 103 and materials. 1904 130 1899 153 Photo-engraving 1909 313 1904 223 1899 203 Pipes, tobacco 1909 62 1904 68 1899 98 Pottery, terra-cotta, and 1909 822 fire-clay products. 1904 873 1899 1,000 Printing and publishing . . 1909 31,445 1904 27, 793 1899 23,814 Pulp goods 1909 14 1904 17 1899 22 PKBSONS KNGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Value added tiy Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. facturo (value of nroducts loss cost of mate- rials). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. 408 73 45 290 1,218 $1,365 $61 $123 $1,255 $1,737 $482 119.7 18.6 237 68 37 132 849 723 40 70 1,111 1,465 354 -21.4 80.2 39 168 1,048 576 25 61 589 813 224 1,753 9 292 1,452 13,211 18,932 740 893 31,035 36, 739 5,704 7. 6 33.2 1,518 13 156 1,349 9,473 9,850 423 786 23,153 27,577 4,424 l.G 1.4 285 1,328 8, 491 15, 461 446 693 24,396 27, 184 2, 788 3, 144 118 1,311 1,715 5,772 18,441 1,923 1,060 21,407 30, 865 9,458 31.4 34.6 2,116 148 663 1,305 5,207 11,229 882 752 14,438 22,923 8.485 -10.4 23.2 810 1,456 3,432 9,889 991 738 10,975 18,612 7, 637 5,557 11 345 5,201 16, 125 ■ 19,634 649 2; 826 15,550 23, 339 7,789 33.9 57.8 4,112 12 217 3,883 10,112 13,803 361 1,944 10,050 14. 792 4,742 20.2 29.7 153 3, 230 7, 561 8, 879 295 1,628 7,550 11,403 3.853 773 1 166 606 2.408 3,558 276 413 6.497 8,148 1,651 16.1 46.2 730 2 206 522 1,560 1,551 253 316 4,398 5,574 1,176 -51.8 -55.4 394 1,084 1,356 3,024 412 534 7,640 12,500 4.860 7,809 163 1,248 6,398 5,725 10. 147 1,157 3,394 4,187 11,735 7,548 47.8 91.8 4,742 96 316 4,330 3,410 5,381 427 1,923 2,320 6,117 3,797 16.6 17.4 375 3, 715 2,544 4,212 287 1,599 2, 101 5,211 3,110 21, 896 456 7,200 14,240 56, 162 103,995 10, 378 8,271 79.016 124,889 45, 873 22.4 37.5 16,480 439 4,408 11,633 41,288 75, 486 5,677 6,264 59. 827 90. 840 31.013 20.0 30.6 3,710 9,697 30, 443 60. 053 5,017 4,926 44,739 69, 562 24,823 81,473 250 5,245 75, 978 1,304,265 409,348 9,510 40, 80S 165.442 267,657 102,215 15.2 41.8 70,051 309 3. 778 65,964 1,093,708 277, 444 6.097 32,019 111.252 188, 715 77. 463 32.9 48.2 2, 935 49,646 762,118 167, 508 4,501 20, 746 70, 530 127,326 56,796 22,385 228 2,946 19,211 27,067 48,662 3.701 8, 169 31.249 .55, 171 23.922 30.5 62.5 16,696 236 1,734 14, 726 16, 226 27, 345 1,993 5,577 19, 645 33, 946 14,301 51.4 39.4 1,092 9,727 10,421 18, 152 1.342 3,658 14,191 24.355 10. 164 1,755 22 812 921 751 4,578 675 407 646 2,611 1,965 -14.9 15.3 1,790 15 693 1,082 38 2,237 490 445 337 2,2a5 1,928 29.6 303.0 92 835 9 256 72 262 125 562 437 41,101 2,802 15, 404 22,895 25, 659 99,942 17,007 9,897 50,376 141,942 91,566 11.8 20.9 32,248 2,293 9,483 20, 472 17,008 75,607 9,975 7,913 39, 494 117, 436 77,942 7.6 32.3 8,094 19,028 12, 707 56 173 8 265 6, 910 31,950 88,791 56 841 1,731 31 281 1,419 5,757 11,410 373 750 3,478 6,229 2, 751 -26. 1 23.8 2, 106 30 157 1,919 5, 156 5,218 197 953 2, 666 5,0.33 2,367 -21. 2 27.9 173 2, 436 34, 397 13,464 184 1,144 1,582 3,936 2,354 2.177 35 193 1,949 2,827 3,646 200 351 8,612 9,737 1,125 43.7 34.1 1,490 18 116 1,356 1 602 1,169 122 205 6 324 7,261 937 4,513 4 375 4,134 3,448 7,867 697 1,712 3,596 7,379 3,783 34.9 66.7 3,351 3 283 3,065 2,625 4,981 396 1,059 1,804 4, 426 2. 622 41.8 99.2 81 2,162 1,360 2,227 112 683 1,031 2, 222 1,191 1,820 51 544 1,225 569 3,121 554 712 2,246 4,739 2, 493 31.3 70.8 1,196 39 224 933 349 1,545 198 533 1,166 2,774 l,f4)8 34. 1 62.6 146 696 527 1,087 148 371 664 1,706 1,042 755 56 699 244 804 86 230 95 577 482 5. 4 21.7 736 1 72 663 2f)4 576 60 205 103 474 371 40.2 61.2 13 473 138 3.'j7 21 138 52 294 242 16,640 42 2,669 13,929 90,268 181,916 3, 929 9,830 199,273 236,998 37,725 -16.9 3,5.4 18,708 24 1,974 16, 770 46,019 136,281 2,724 9,989 139,387 175.00.5 35,618 37.4 41.2 1,201 12, 199 36,127 95, 328 1,811 6, 717 102, 859 123,929 21,070 5,928 2 727 5, 199 6,371 14,363 945 2, 841 3,099 11,726 8,627 53. 0 14.5 3,940 6 537 3,397 2,522 8,741 666 1,684 4,161 10,2;J7 6,076 168.1 355.8 144 1,267 1,082 3,348 179 608 828 2, 246 1,418 6,596 59 1,342 5,195 8,637 18,918 1,462 3,037 6,708 22,561 15,853 36.3 73.2 5,041 74 1,155 3,812 5,061 7,720 1,100 1,796 4,162 13,023 8,861 10.7 67.0 469 3,444 3,412 .5.518 453 1,443 3^ 378 7,799 4,421 7,277 233 1,701 5,343 2,638 u, 5,474 1,849 4, 7.50 2,134 11,624 9,490 37.8 .59.9 5,071 227 968 3,876 1,925 4,071 934 2,916 1,303 7,268 5,965 44.0 73.5 484 2,691 1,040 1,904 450 1,750 72.5 4,190 3,465 3,090 70 245 2,775 1,506 3,528 283 1,2.55 2, 4,59 5,312 2,853 42.5 87.4 2,111 82 82 1,947 1,058 1,256 81 831 1,354 2,8.34 1,480 22.8 14.6 120 1,585 855 1,111 109 738 1,106 2, 472 1,366 61,022 452 4,402 56, 168 110,017 141,3.50 .5,813 29, 753 21,911 76,119 54, 208 7.1 18.6 50, 730 550 3,752 52, 428 104,918 110,926 4,628 25,178 16,591 64,201 47,610 19.9 45.0 2, 777 43,714 75, 802 65, 952 3, 012 17,692 11,915 44, 263 32, 348 388,466 30, 424 99, 608 258, 434 297, 763 .588,346 103, 458 164,628 201.775 737,876 536, 101 18.0 33.6 316,047 28, 368 68,592 219,087 166,380 432,854 67, 748 127, 196 142,514 552,473 409,959 12.2 39.8 40,685 195, 2G0 119,77.'> . 1.^1 06 .*^ .^ 0 , 47.5 99,816 103, 654 395), 1 87 291,533 882 1 98 783 3.125 2,680 124 377 971 1.770 799 12.5 20.7 759 7 56 696 2,368 3, 198 83 284 719 1,467 748 0.7 15.8 75 691 1.314 2,317 92 284 647 1,267 620 PER CENT OP INCREASE. I Included in “coffee and spice, roasting and grinding,” in 1899. 522 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, RY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] ruble IK) -(’ontfi. INDUSTRY. (’cn- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERHONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- jjower. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. Total. l^ro- l)rie- tors ami firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. W age earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Pumps, not including 190!) 102 2,623 87 400 2, 136 4 , 214 $6,018 $420 $1,258 $2, 487 $5,583 $3, 096 52. 1 95.7 steam pumps. 1904 115 1,721 113 204 1,404 2, 569 3, 2,30 215 719 1,193 2.853 1,660 122.2 112.6 1899 130 95 632 1,245 1.261 84 247 638 1,342 704 Rico, cleaning and pol- 1909 71 1,777 38 500 1,239 19,519 13,347 613 564 19,501 22,371 2,870 -17.0 37.3 isiiing. 1904 74 1,961 33 436 1,492 15, 866 8,821 549 641 13,315 16, 297 2, 982 129.2 86.8 1899 80 169 651 7, 546 2, 601 182 266 7,576 8, 724 1, 148 Roofing materials 1909 117 3, 530 40 1,019 2,465 9, 431 15,349 1,381 1,339 12,458 19, 204 6,746 -72.0 -3.4 1904 307 10, 162 314 1,029 8, 819 23, 022 16, 925 1,162 4,008 10, 842 19,871 9,029 16.1 45.1 1899 267 695 7,593 18,217 10,814 6G3 3,072 6, 886 13,691 6,805 Rubber goods, not else- 1909 227 31,284 102 4, 661 26, 52h 79, 062 98, 507 5, 406 14,120 82, 192 128, 436 46,244 25.2 103.9 where specified. 1904 224 23, 651 103 2,364 21,184 48, 381 46, 298 2,857 9, 412 38,912 62, 996 24,084 3.8 19.7 1899 261 1,825 20, 404 40,835 39,302 2, 216 8, 082 33, 482 52, 622 19, 140 Rules, ivory and wood . . . 1909 9 127 9 9 109 167 104 11 61 31 144 113 -26.8 -42.2 1904 13 177 13 15 149 318 253 15 55 55 249 194 -30.0 19.7 1899 11 14 213 303 203 12 73 208 135 Safes and vaults 1909 42 4, 060 8 709 3,343 5,546 8,944 1,058 2,072 3,443 8,491 5,048 -4.2 8.0 1904 31 3,918 15 415 3,488 4,090 7,326 723 2,162 3,211 7,861 4,650 71.0 100.1 1899 35 272 2,033 2,209 5,480 283 1,017 1,689 3,928 2, 239 Salt 1909 124 5,580 74 570 4, 936 27, 263 29,012 719 2,531 5,203 11,328 6,125 5.8 20.0 1904 146 5,171 87 418 4, 666 19,4.34 25, 586 487 2, 066 4,166 9, 4.38 5.272 -2.3 18.5 1899 159 406 4,774 23,865 27,123 500 1,911 3,336 7,967 4.631 Sand and emery paper 1909 10 779 9 159 on 3,351 4.400 210 370 2,382 4, 358 1,976 100.3 195.1 and cloth. 1904 8 356 11 40 305 1,133 1,206 78 183 1,055 1.477 422 11.3 25.6 1899 9 63 274 898 1,372 98 144 681 1, 176 495 Saws 1909 96 5,757 84 841 4,832 11,852 14,855 966 2,856 4,912 11,536 6,624 3.9 17.5 1904 83 5,301 75 570 4,650 7,491 11,288 623 2,707 4,036 9,820 5,784 44.6 52.4 1899 96 312 3,215 5,493 8,509 329 1,693 2,600 6,444 3,844 Scales and balances 1909 87 4,275 44 672 3,559 6,183 10,183 815 2,186 2,704 8,786 6,082 13.6 46.4 1904 85 3,641 77 431 3, 1.33 3,251 8,513 477 1,755 1,633 6,003 4,370 12.9 14.6 1899 86 305 2,775 2,466 6, 308 297 1,437 1,533 5,240 3,707 Screws, machine 1909 43 1,863 32 164 1,667 3,319 3,728 199 970 1,160 3, 014 1,854 -15.2 11.1 1904 26 2,189 15 209 1,965 3,201 4, 133 244 942 951 2,712 1,761 26.2 31.7 1S99 25 108 1,557 1,407 2, 467 126 703 797 2.059 1,262 Screws, wood 1909 11 3, 7.58 1 293 3,464 5,618 9,570 375 1,454 2,309 0, 199 3,890 132.8 190.5 1904 7 1 , 647 1 158 1,488 3,715 5,969 193 556 732 2,134 1,402 -24. 5 -17.9 1809 8 139 1,970 3,490 5,465 169 721 923 2,600 1,677 .Sewing machines, cases, 1909 47 20,5,56 14 1,246 19,296 19, 426 33.104 1.423 11,102 11,455 28,262 16,807 12.7 8.1 and attachments. 1904 54 18,004 10 924 17,121 17, 162 32,583 1,152 9,493 10,701 26, 142 15,441 28.1 23.7 1899 64 704 13,365 10, 069 20.804 933 7,331 9,458 21, 125 11,667 Shipbuilding, including 1909 1,353 44,949 1,463 2,980 40,506 88,063 126,118 4,035 25,268 31,214 73,360 42, 146 -20.2 -11.4 boat building. 1904 1,097 .54,424 1,190 2,480 50,754 78, 127 121,624 3,340 29,241 37, 463 82, 769 45.306 8.6 11.1 1899 1.107 1,405 46,747 61,797 77.341 2.007 24,825 33,475 74,532 41,057 Shoddy 1909 88 2,320 83 196 2,041 13, 820 6,887 290 907 5.001 7,446 2,445 -2.3 -11.4 1904 97 2,371 110 172 2,089 12,244 5,804 245 835 6,0.50 8,406 2,350 8.5 24.9 1899 105 139 1,926 11.455 5,273 167 749 4.875 0,731 1,856 Show cases 1909 149 3,943 154 399 3,, 390 4,746 5,369 .505 2,017 3, 140 7.167 4,027 10.0 25.3 1904 141 3,, 522 135 305 3,082 4,087 3, 143 330 1,681 2,374 5,722 3,. 348 120. 1 131.8 1899 102 ' 106 1.363 1,232 1,153 88 708 1,058 2,468 1,410 1909 288 7/277 211 1,.526 5,540 3,790 9,047 1.476 3,10.5 4,709 13,546 8.8:17 1 novelties.' Silk and silk goods, in- 1909 852 105,238 604 5.. 537 99,037 97,947 152, 158 7,527 38.. 570 107, 767 196,912 89,145 24. 4 47.7 eluding throwsters. 1904 624 84, 153 525 4,027 79,601 71.760 109,557 4,742 20,768 75,801 13,3,288 57,427 21.7 24.3 1899 483 2,657 65,416 57,397 81,082 3,134 20,9.82 02, 407 107,256 44,849 Silverware and plated 1909 183 18,774 114 2,050 10,610 15,1.8.3 46, 7.59 2,745 10, 282 18,332 42.229 23,897 11.8 28.6 ware. 1904 1.58 16,305 120 1,324 14,861 12,873 37.732 1,730 8, 625 14,4.59 .32,840 18,381 21.8 25.8 1899 169 1, 129 12.205 8,486 30.628 1.457 6,531 11.659 26.114 14,455 Slaughtering and meat 1909 1.641 ; 108,716 1,6,59 17,329 89, 728 208, 707 383,249 20,0.54 51,045 1,202,828 1.370,568 107.740 19.0 48.6 packing. 1904 1.221 i 88.819 1.324 12,096 75,399 119,311 240, 119 13,453 41,067 811,426 922,0.38 110,612 8.9 17.0 1899 1.080 i 10,317 69. 264 87,060 190, 209 10.211 33,846 685,310 788,368 10:i,058 Smelting and refining. 1909 38 1 16,832 7 1,197 15,628 1.58,126 111,443 2,419 13,396 .3, 33.. 5.32 378.. 806 45,274 22.6 57.3 copper. 1904 40 i 13,, 502 1 809 12,7.52 76, .524 76,825 1,.527 10, 827 190,737 240, 780 44,04,3 12.0 45.8 1899 47 ' 488 11 324 61 , 630 53,06.3 955 8.529 122,174 165,1.32 42,958 Smelting and refining. 1909 28 i 8,0.59 63.5 7,424 20,9.54 132,310 1 , 476 5,431 151.963 107,406 15,44.3 -2.0 -9.9 lead. 1904 32 8, 102 5 524 7,573 25,667 a3,823 888 5,375 168,9.58 185.827 16,869 -9.0 5.9 1899 39 425 8,319 16,342 72,149 755 5,089 144,195 175,406 31,271 Smelting and refining. 1909 29 . . 7, 1.56 3 498 6, 6.55 21,4.57 27,760 993 1,210 25,2.30 ,34,206 8,976 1.9 .38.0 zinc. 1904 31 6. 884 2 354 0,528 18,404 23,702 581 3,8.56 17.028 24,791 7,763 34.1 .30.3 1899 31 208 4,869 11,145 14,142 440 2,356 13/286 18, 188 4,902 Smelting and refining. 1909 89 2,. 596 73 376 2,117 10.70.5 13,,S34 570 1,281 23, 162 28,072 4,910 25. 4 61.3 not from the ore. 1904 65 1,994 57 22.5 1,712 17.111 9,, 807 354 995 13,700 17,403 3,643 74.2 123.5 1899 01 203 983 8,63,3 5,201 229 532 5,900 7,785 1,885 1 Included in other clas-sificatlons in 15)04 end 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUS^rHIES. 523 OOMPAIIATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Table llO— ConUl. INDUSTRY. Oon- sus. Num- ber of ostab- listi- mcnts. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary liorso- power. Capital. Sala- ries. \V ages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. Total. Pro- prie- tors and finn mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- lior) . Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Soap • 1909 420 18,393 329 5,065 12,999 28, .300 $71,951 $5 , 506 $6,227 $72, 179 $111,. 358 $39, 179 17.7 6,3.1 1904 4;iG 14,501 399 3,058 11,044 20,228 .54,816 3,503 4,763 43,026 08,275 24, 649 16.4 28.3 1899 558 2,738 9,487 17,514 38,068 2,777 3,755 33, 143 53,231 20,088 Soda-water apparatus 1909 03 2,399 40 562 1,797 2,894 8,589 624 1,239 2,443 6,556 4,11 22.3 41.5 1904 37 1,829 27 333 1,469 1,533 3,415 296 835 1,924 4,634 2,710 52.5 5.3.7 1899 30 227 963 1,183 4,202 244 550 997 3,015 2,018 Sporting and athletic 1909 ISO 5,993 155 517 5,321 3,243 0,017 617 2, 165 5,565 11,052 5,487 24.9 57.2 goods. 1904 152 4,757 136 361 4,260 2,995 4,249 319 1,641 2,963 7,0;32 4, 009 91.5 93.8 189Q 143 168 2, 225 1, 133 2,015 167 810 1,802 3,628 1,826 Springs, steel, car and 1009 5)4 3,573 24 353 3,196 7,349 8.784 590 1,853 4,727 9,00,5 4,278 29. 1 56.9 carriage. 1904 52 2,774 28 270 2, 476 5,510 4,016 353 1,243 2,742 5,741 2, 999 17.8 0.9 1899 48 16G 2. 102 3, 185 4,684 275 1,061 3,025 5,690 2,665 stationery goods, not 1909 153 7,938 103 1,629 6,206 6,842 13,508 1,897 2,736 7,744 16, 647 8,903 44.5 87.7 elsewhere specified. 1SK)4 143 5,095 115 685 4,295 3,396 6, 929 751 1.500 3,920 8. ,S07 4,947 41.7 75.0 1899 113 453 3,032 1,706 4, 495 412 958 2, 128 5, 066 2, 938 Statuary and art goods ^ 1909 194 2, 172 275 198 1,699 462 2,221 225 1,339 680 3,442 2, 762 12.7 42.4 1904 135 1,812 191 114 1,507 466 1,669 127 1.030 392 2.417 2, 025 Steam packing 1909 153 4,968 82 1,238 3,648 11,129 14, 126 1,356 1,811 6, 650 12, 160 5.510 33.4 3,5.8 1904 106 3,240 56 450 2.734 8,846 12, 253 594 1,273 3,896 8, 952 5,0.56 138.4 156.2 1899 97 290 1,147 4,488 2,691 326 525 1,540 3,494 1,948 Stereotyping and electro- 1909 174 3,661 133 678 2.850 4.076 3,826 800 2,312 1,765 6,384 4,619 6.4 27.6 typing. 1904 146 3,301 132 490 2,679 2,878 3,298 517 1,993 1,032 5,005 3,973 11.3 32.7 1889 140 330 2.408 1,470 2,389 312 1,459 767 3, 772 3,005 Stoves and furnaces, in- 1909 576 42, 921 244 5, 547 37. 1.30 45,524 86, 944 6, 975 22, 944 29,338 78,8,53 49,515 11.2 26.9 1904 494 37,292 306 3,582 33, 404 32,017 62, 953 4,499 19.770 22, 271 62, 133 39, 862 stoves.® Sugar and molasses, not 1909 233 15,658 204 1,928 13,526 160, 603 153. 167 2,392 7,484 247, 583 279, 249 31,666 -0.2 0.7 Including beet sugar.* 1904 344 15, 799 364 1.886 13,549 140, 650 165, 468 2, 154 7, 576 244, 753 277, 285 32,532 -4.1 15. / 1899 657 1,867 14, 129 152, 569 184, 033 1,682 6,918 221,385 239,711 18,326 Sulphuric, nitric, and 1909 42 2,582 330 2,252 6, 494 18, 726 551 1,495 5,386 9,884 4,498 -8.0 9.2 1904 32 2, 757 2 308 2, 447 5,416 12, 762 556 1,505 4,973 9, 0.53 4,080 Surgical appliances and 1909 324 5,805 316 1,248 4,241 5,752 11,045 1,488 2, 129 5,372 12,399 7,027 34.5 70.6 artificial limbs. 1904 284 4,049 289 607 3,153 3,214 5,825 594 1,370 2,866 7,269 4,403 76.3 55.3 1899 306 440 1,788 1,254 2,778 414 767 1,418 4,682 3,264 Tin plate and temeplate . 1909 31 5,846 4 490 5,352 8, 154 10, 995 620 3,315 41,889 47, 970 6, 081 10.4 36.0 1904 36 5, 132 1 284 4,847 8,990 10,813 310 2,383 31,376 35,283 3,907 32.0 10.6 1899 57 333 3, 671 3,515 6,650 291 1.890 26, 728 31,892 5, 164 Tin foil 1909 10 762 8 71 683 1,699 2,505 92 304 2,277 3,419 1,142 -10.8 22.3 1904 14 847 11 70 706 1,388 1,918 86 303 1,888 2, 795 907 1 31.6 75.5 1899 15 45 582 854 2,094 59 228 1,074 1,593 519 Tobacco manufactures. . . 1909 15,822 197,637 17,034 13,193 166,810 28,514 245, 660 16, 779 69, 355 177, 186 416,695 239, 509 4.6 25.8 1904 16,827 187,652 19,011 9,235 159,406 24, 604 323,982 8,800 62, 639 126, 086 331,111 205,025 20.3 25.6 1899 14,959 7,836 132,526 22, 296 111,517 8,593 47, 975 92,867 263, 713 170,846 Toys and games 1909 226 6,072 185 582 5,305 5,323 6,541 661 2,227 3, 554 8, 264 4,710 22.5 48.2 1904 161 4,792 133 329 4.330 4. 757 4,831 366 1,615 2, 289 5,578 3,289 30.6 39. 1 1899 169 204 3,316 3,155 3,279 184 1,119 1,665 4,010 2,345 Turpentine and rosin 1909 1,585 44, .524 2, 567 2. 440 39,511 4,129 12,401 1,655 9, 363 4,911 25, 295 20,384 18.4 5.7 1904 1,287 37,526 1,997 2,147 33,382 1,175 6,961 1,152 8,383 3,775 23,937 20, 162 -20.3 17.7 1899 1,503 1,889 41.864 11,848 779 8,394 6,186 20, 345 14, 159 Type founding and print- 1909 122 2,597 78 493 2,026 1,948 6,793 560 1,191 1,772 4,703 2,931 12.4 19.5 ing materials. 1904 98 2,255 84 368 1,803 1.497 5,926 387 1,123 1.119 3,935 2.816 -9. 1 0.1 1899 92 247 1,984 1,331 274 1,036 1.270 3,931 2,661 Typewriters and supplies 1909 89 12,101 34 2. 489 9,. 578 6,845 26. 309 2,707 6,221 4,077 19,719 15,642 53.7 85.3 1904 66 7,509 29 1,248 6,232 4,455 16, 642 1,246 3,469 1.870 10. 640 8,770 43.3 53.5 1899 47 532 4.340 2,272 8.400 480 2,404 1,402 0, 932 5,530 Umbrellas and canes 1909 256 6, .505 299 734 5,472 2,413 9,. 5.56 915 2,253 10.056 15,864 5,808 1.6 19.3 1904 204 0, 155 242 527 5. 386 2, 122 8,951 474 1,826 8. 2.50 13, 296 5,040 -4.5 -2.7 1899 202 587 5, 640 1,457 4,005 504 1 . 869 8.381 13,6t;9 5,288 Upholstering materials. . . 1909 230 4,777 214 496 4,067 17,456 10, 297 587 1,689 8,069 13,054 4.985 -13.7 3.0 1904 236 5,405 244 449 4,712 15,604 9,293 526 1,867 7,977 12.678 4.701 -7.0 26.2 1899 270 358 5,098 11,351 7,594 364 1, 715 5,882 10.048 4, 166 Vault lights and ventila- 1909 37 453 27 99 327 234 607 109 228 338 957 019 47.3 97.7 tors. 1904 24 278 28 28 222 174 241 31 1.54 161 484 323. 60.9 43.2 1899 14 11 138 103 121 13 81 141 338 197 Vinegar and cider 1909 963 3,073 1,050 481 1,542 16, 681 10, 879 539 723 4,964 8,448 3,484 0.9 16.3 1904 568 2,514 645 341 1,528 10, 556 7,520 359 725 3,852 7, 265 3,413 -1.9 22.5 1899 613 451 1,557 16,849 5,630 391 652 3, 134 5,932 2 798 Wall paper 1909 45 4, 746 10 099 4,037 5,680 14, 153 1,054 2,039 7,623 14,449 0,826 3.2 14.3 1904 44 4,425 15 497 3,913 4,807 12,354 692 1,868 6,658 12,637 5,970 -0.2 IS. .'i 1899 51 512 4,172 4,573 8,890 817 2,074 6,073 10, 663 4.590 ‘ Includes “candles” in 1899. > Included In other classifications in 1899. s “ Stoves and furnaces, not including gas and oil stoves,” included in “foundry and machine-shop products” in 1899. ‘ Includes 214 establisliments reported as “sugar and molasses” and 19 as “sugar, refining, not including beet sugar,” in 1909. * Included in “chemicals” in 1899. 524 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES (X)MrAHATlVlC SUMMARY FOR TilE UNITED STATES, BY SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory notes on the first page of this table.] Xal»lo 1 I O INDUSTRY. Con- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. V alue of products. V alue added by manu- facture (.value of products less cost of mate- rials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. Total. Pro- prie- tors and finn mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. Wall pliistcr’ 1909 198 5,624 60 773 4,791 25,892 $16,885 $1,049 S2.391 $6,007 $12,804 $6, 797 27.5 26.0 1904 176 4, 4.59 72 629 3,758 20,054 13,204 620 1,890 4,726 10.164 5,438 Washing niachmes and 1909 100 2, 294 76 383 1,835 3,351 5,318 466 904 2,837 5,825 2,988 13.1 51.7 clothes wringers. 1004 92 1,861 68 171 1,622 3,564 2, 952 148 684 2, 213 3,839 1,626 7.5 2.8 1899 118 104 1,509 2,732 2,405 104 549 2,175 3, 735 1,560 Waste 1909 53 2, 129 41 191 1,897 4,286 6,125 290 716 8,837 11,398 2.561 21.7 36.6 1904 41 1,716 41 116 1,559 3,863 3.586 164 495 6,825 8,343 1.518 42.9 71.0 1899 25 58 1,091 2,193 2,437 85 327 4,000 4,880 880 Wheelbarrows 1909 24 775 17 94 664 1,486 1,510 81 321 715 1,625 910 13.7 37.9 1904 26 605 12 09 584 1,282 1,045 76 296 494 1,178 684 81.9 159.5 1899 15 31 321 762 514 27 127 180 274 Whips 1909 57 1,946 90 310 1,546 1,321 3,900 323 704 1,585 3,949 2,364 -0.5 25.5 1904 58 1,771 43 174 1,554 1,068 3,368 184 603 1,253 3,147 1,894 20.7 15.1 1899 60 228 1,287 818 1,894 246 478 1,278 2,734 1, 456 Windmills 1909 34 2,742 18 387 2,337 3,301 5,636 479 1,403 3,331 6, 677 3,346 21.2 39.2 1904 53 2,341 25 387 1,929 3,694 5,837 392 969 2,308 4,795 2,487 -5.7 10.1 1899 08 281 2, 045 2;214 4,309 250 940 2,172 4,354 2,182 M'indow shades and fix- 1909 219 4,770 194 646 3,930 5,737 10. 3.34 807 1,918 12,653 18,571 5,918 49.8 107.9 ture.s. 1904 144 3, 165 132 409 2,624 2,705 5,977 480 1,086 5,947 8,931 2,984 45.7 10.6 1899 96 292 1,801 1,927 5,184 323 752 5,575 8,072 2,497 Wire 1909 56 19,945 15 1,846 18.084 71,959 60, 157 2,199 10,316 60,543 84,486 23,943 281.8 122.8 1904 25 5.325 7 581 4,737 25,856 14, 899 793 2,859 30,063 37,914 7,851 195.5 302.4 1899 29 94 1,603 9,979 4,242 136 860 7,014 9,421 2,407 Wirework, including wire 1909 611 14,994 484 2,162 12,348 20, 131 34,970 2,674 6,331 24, 394 41,938 17,544 -7.7 26.9 rope and cable. 1904 649 15, 967 652 1,936 13,379 18, 280 26, 894 2,117 6, 100 17,856 33,038 15, 182 46.3 66.5 1899 596 995 9,142 12,772 16,345 940 3,894 10,813 19,840 9,027 Wood carpet 1909 10 9911 9 28 184 269 423 33 138 228 490 262 -50.7 --38.8 1904 20 445 22 50 373 473 330 45 269 351 801 450 -38.7 -24.2 1899 31 49 608 412 35 362 418 1,057 639 Wood distillation, not in- 1909 120 3,095 56 318 2,721 9,854 13,017 355 1,463 5.876 9,737 3,861 19.8 24.6 eluding turpentine and 1904 141 2,655 82 301 2,272 4,620 10, 507 298 1,067 4,848 7,813 2,965 rosin. 2 Wood preserving 1909 53 2,875 1 471 2, 403 10,647 12,408 617 1,066 9,328 14,099 4,771 226.1 318.6 1904 26 859 7 115 737 3,439 2,935 158 315 2,403 3,368 905 54.2 40.6 1899 21 54 478 1,007 1,230 57 205 1,825 2,396 571 Wood, turned and carved. 1909 1,0,50 16,243 1,097 1,007 14,139 48, 447 18,334 1,045 6,213 9, 744 22, 199 12,455 -3.7 10.1 1904 1,097 16, 837 1,226 924 14, 687 47, 595 16, 842 829 0,031 8,578 20, 169 11,591 27.1 40.9 1899 1,166 11.558 31, 133 10, 280 488 4,371 5,830 14,318 8,488 Wool pulling 1909 37 759 37 91 631 1,366 3,248 132 387 4,103 5,181 1,078 -7.3 487.4 1904 34 786 40 65 681 1,324 2,534 74 365 104 882 778 43.4 66.1 1899 34 35 475 820 945 35 248 54 531 477 M'ool scouring 1909 28 1,262 18 102 1,142 6, 782 3,258 143 558 2,122 3, 289 1,167 46.6 212.3 1904 27 852 18 55 779 3,478 1,188 78 398 215 1,053 838 8.2 18.3 1899 25 720 2,900 1,061 72 339 194 890 696 Woolen, worsted, and felt 1909 985 175,176 732 5,722 168,722 362, 209 430,579 10,097 72, 427 2S2, 878 435,979 153,101 15.0 36.5 goods, and wool hats. 1904 1,074 152,306 958 4,593 146, 755 288, 969 314,081 6, 781 57,073 204, 613 319,348 114,735 12.3 28.4 1899 1,281 3,808 130,697 244,825 265, 730 5,574 46. 812 153,930 248, 798 94, 868 All other industries 2 1909 8 132 11 25 96 136 254 39 67 115 390 275 -78.0 -6.3.1 1904 15 494 8 50 430 1,767 3,860 59 263 386 1 , 058 072 -64.1 -00.1 1899 17 97 1,215 2,354 4,078 113 687 988 2, 650 1.602 ' Included in “lime and cement” in 1899. * Included in “chemicals” in 1899. * All other industries embrace “Millstones,” 1 establishment; “ordnance and accessories,” 2; “pulp, from fiber other than wood, ”2; “.straw goods, not elsewhere specified,” 2; and “whalebone cutting,” 1, in 1909. “Millstones,” 2; “ordnance and accessories,” 4 ; “pulp, from fiber other than wood,” 1; “straw goods, not elsewhere specified,” 6; “whalebone cutting,” 2, in 1904. “Millstones,” 3; “ordnance and accessories,” 4; “pulp, from liber other than wood,” 3; “straw goods, not elsewhere specified,” 4; “ whalebone cutting,” 3, in 1899. STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. 525 COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, RY STATES: 1900, 1904, AND 1899. Note. — Primary horsepower includes power generated in manufacturing establishments plus electric and other power rented from outside sources; it does not include eleetrlc power gonorated by primary units of the establishments reporting. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) Tal»Io 111 DIVISION AND STATE. United States.... Geographic divi- sions; New England. Middle Atlantic East North Central . W est North Central. South Atlantic . . . East South Central . West Southcentral. Mountain. Pacific. New England: Maine New Hampshire. . Vermont. Massachusetts Rhode Island. Connecticut. Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio Indiana. Cen- sus. Illinois. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1009 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 268,491 216,180 207, 514 25,351 22,279 22,576 81,315 67,099 65,834 00,013 51,754 50,521 27,171 21,492 20, 732 28,088 19, 564 19, 144 15,381 10,311 10,058 12, 339 8, 279 7,174 5,254 3,610 3,146 13,579 11,192 8,329 3, 546 3,145 2, 878 1,961 1,618 1,771 1,958 1,699 1,938 11,684 10, 723 10,929 1,951 1,617 1,678 4,251 3,477 3,382 44, 935 37,194 35,957 8,817 7,010 6, 415 27,563 23,495 23, 462 15, 138 13,785 13,868 7,969 7,044 7,128 1 . 8,026 14,921 14,374 PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY, Total. 7 , 678, 578 6 , 213,612 1 , 212,158 1 , 023,708 2 , 576, 677 2 , 148,379 1 , 786,808 1 , 415,888 464, 400 , 374,787 745,830 578, 989 305, 465 249, 892 240,902 166, 040 89,862 61,812 256,416 195,517 88, 476 82, 109 84,191 69, 758 38, 580 37,015 644,399 532, 481 122, 641 104,299 233,871 198,046 1 , 203,241 996, 725 371,265 296, 262 1 , 002,171 855,392 523,004 417,946 218, 263 170,227 561,044 447,947 Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. 273,265 225, 673 24,171 22, 698 85,516 74, 525 57,271 50, 531 26, 683 21,394 30,783 21, 745 17, 208 11,449 12,944 8,299 4,849 3,302 13,840 11,730 3, 661 3,379 2,014 1,726 2,113 1,856 11,194 11,258 1,721 1,501 3,408 2,918 47,509 41,766 Salaried em- ployees. 790, 267 519,556 364, 120 86, 697 60,258 45 , 402 283,414 187,289 127,326 215,773 140, 829 103,350 63, 440 41.032 30,606 52.032 34,633 24,368 26, 485 17,214 11,204 23, 438 14,871 8,255 9,578 5,720 3,486 29,410 17,710 10,123 4,800 3,772 3,103 3,519 2,066 2,068 2,679 2, 053 1,695 48,646 32,824 25,256 7,382 5,420 4,022 19,611 13, 523 9,258 151,691 98,012 68,030 8,204 \ 36,838 6,730 23,196 ! 15,361 94, 885 66,081 43,935 29,743 26, 029 14,719 13,657 7,674 7, 191 17,357 13,990 61,351 39,991 28, 109 23,605 14, 862 10, 447 77,923 54,521 40,964 Wage earners (average number). 6 , 615,046 5 , 468,383 4 , 712,763 1 , 101,290 940,752 851, 903 2 , 207, 747 1 , 886, 565 1 , 004,844 1 , 513,704 1 , 224,528 1 , 073,322 374,337 312,361 266,051 663,015 522,611 458,344 261,772 221,229 177, 208 204, 520 143, 470 113,388 75,435 52, 790 44, 497 213,166 164,077 123, 206 79,955 74,958 69,914 78,658 65,366 67, 646 33,788 33, 106 28,179 584, 559 488,399 438, 234 113,538 97,318 88, 197 210,792 181,605 159,733 1 , 003,981 856, 947 726,909 326, 223 260,336 213,975 877, 543 703,282 663,960 446,934 364,298 308, 109 186,984 154, 174 139,017 465, 764 379, 436 332,871 Primary horse- power. 18 , 675,376 13 , 487,707 10 , 097, 893 2 , 715,121 2 , 125,815 1 , 792,342 5 , 531,502 4 , 255,264 3 , 139, 128 4 , 382,070 3 , 120, 369 2 , 401,808 1 , 101,990 753,700 605, 098 1 , 832.001 1 , 221,040 851,050 1 , 036,560 753,928 513, 425 873, 350 555,717 397, 471 400,766 241,825 123,012 802,016 460,049 274,559 459,599 343,627 259, 232 293, 991 218,344 200,975 159, 445 140,616 126, 124 1 , 175,071 938,007 790,061 226, 740 181,017 153,019 400,275 304,204 256,331 1 , 997,662 1 , 516 , .592 1 , 099,931 612,293 436,274 322, 503 2 , 921,, 547 2 , 302,398 1 , 716, 094 1 , 583, 155 1 , 116,932 783, 665 633,377 380, 758 325,919 1 , 013,071 741,555 559, 347 Capitai. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materiais. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of materials). E.xpressed in thousands. $ 18 , 428,270 12 , 675,581 8 , 975,256 2 , 503 , 8.54 1 , 870,995 1 , 507,630 6 , 505, 675 4 , 742 , .357 3 , 450, 619 4 , 547,225 2 , 895,446 2 , 056,117 1 , 171,572 857,904 577, 453 1 , 368,475 930, 420 583,328 586, 276 405, 301 234,014 547,739 328, 906 193,969 348, 977 220, 509 126, 724 848, 477 423,623 245, 402 202,200 143, 708 114,008 139,990 109, 495 92,146 73,470 62,659 43,500 1 , 279,687 905,949 781,868 290. 901 215.901 176. 901 517,546 373,283 299,207 2 , 779,497 2 , 031,460 1 , 523,503 977, 172 715,000 477,301 2 , 749,006 1 , 995,837 1 , 449,815 1 , 300,733 856,989 570,909 508,717 312,071 219,321 1 , 548,171 975, 845 732,830 $ 938, 575 574,439 380,771 112,284 72, 799 53,396 345, 266 213,371 141,943 250,508 151,992 101,500 69, 504 41.303 29, 127 57, 272 34,201 22,408 29,008 17,417 10,385 25,382 15, 190 7,334 12,522 7,541 3,897 36,829 20,625 10,781 5, 797 3,989 3,051 4, 191 2,972 2,200 2,803 2, 103 1,610 63,279 39, 654 29,480 10, 577 7,041 5,300 25, 637 17,040 11,755 180,032 111,145 76,740 48,337 28,957 19,058 110,897 73,269 46, 145 72,147 43, 435 28, 151 26, 305 15,029 9,971 91,449 60,560 40, 549 $ 3 , 427,038 2 , 610,445 2 , 008,361 557,031 439, 050 367, 674 1 , 182, 568 926, 145 729, 365 827 152 615, 643 473,040 204,792 157,843 117,209 244, 378 175, 461 130,864 102, 191 83. 942 56,003 97, 646 67,128 42, 715 56,870 39,046 27,714 153,810 106, 187 03,777 37, 632 32. 692 25,731 36, 200 27.693 25,850 17, 272 15,221 11,426 301,174 232,389 195,278 55, 234 43,113 35,995 110,119 87,942 73,394 557,231 430,015 337,324 169,710 128, 169 95, 165 455,627 367,961 296,876 245, 450 182, 429 130, 428 95, 510 72,058 59,280 273, 319 208, 405 159, 104 $ 12 , 142,791 8 , 500,208 6 , 575,851 1 , 476,297 1 , 116,273 904, 037 4 , 159,498 2 , 961,995 2 , 311,404 3 , 034, 472 2 , 045,537 1 , 647,577 1 , 241,855 862,011 647, 565 790,005 550, 102 395,686 336, 163 252, 156 176, 506 382, 131 246,832 153,510 228, 692 152,813 115,606 493,078 312, 489 223,960 97,101 80,042 61,210 98, 157 73,216 60, 163 34,823 32, 430 26,385 830,765 626, 411 498,655 158, 192 112,872 87,952 257,259 191,302 109,672 1 , 856,904 1 , 348,603 1 , 018,377 720,034 470, 449 334,726 1 , 582 , 51)0 1 , 142,943 958, 301 824, 202 527,637 409,303 334,375 220,507 195, 163 1 , 160,927 840,057 681,450 $ 20 , 672,052 14 , 793,903 11 , 406,927 2 , 670,005 2 , 025, 999 1 , 060,348 7 , 141,761 5 , 218,266 4 , 074,719 5 , 211,702 3 , 005,368 2 , 853,056 1 , 803,899 1 , 284,446 972,969 1 , 381,186 974,028 711,800 630,488 404, 336 325, 086 625, 443 415, 232 252, 314 363,996 254, 663 191,825 843,512 551 , 565 364,810 170, 029 144, 020 112,959 164,581 123, 611 107,591 68,310 63,084 51,515 1 , 490,529 1 , 124,092 907, 627 280, 344 202, no 165,550 490, 272 369,082 315, 106 3 , 309,490 2 , 488,346 1 , 871,831 1 , 145, 529 774,369 553,006 2 , 626,742 1 , 95 . 5,551 1 , 049,882 1 , 437,936 900,812 748, 671 579, 075 393,954 337,072 1 , 919,277 1 , 410,342 1,120,868 $ 8 , 529,261 6 . 293, 695 4 , 831, 076 1 , 193,708 909, 726 750.311 2 , 982,203 2 , 256 , 27.1 1 , 763,315 2 , 177, 230 1 , 559,831 1 , 205,479 562,044 422,435 325, 404 591,181 423,926 316,114 294,325 212, 180 148, 580 243.312 108, 400 98,804 135,-304 101.850 76,219 349,834 239,076 140.850 78, 928 63, 978 51,749 66, 424 50,395 47,428 33,487 30, 654 25, 130 659,764 497,681 408,972 122, 152 89,238 77, 598 233,013 177,780 145, 434 1 , 512,586 1 , 139,743 853,454 425, 495 303,920 218,280 1 , 044,182 812,008 691,581 613,734 433,175 339,368 244,700 173, 447 141,909 758,350 570,285 439, 418 PER CENT OE INCREASE. Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 21.0 16.0 17.1 10.4 17.0 17.6 23.6 14.1 19.8 17.4 26.9 14.0 18.3 24.8 42.6 26.5 42.9 18.6 29.9 33.2 6.7 7.2 20.3 - 3.4 2.1 17.5 19.7 11.4 10.7 10.3 16.1 13.7 17.2 17.9 22.5 24.5 15.0 15. 0 22.7 18.2 21.3 10.9 22.8 14.0 Value of prod- ucts. 39.7 29.7 31.8 22.0 36.9 28. 1 44.0 26.4 40.4 32.0 41.8 36.8 35.8 42.8 50.0 64.6 42.9 32.8 52.9 51.2 22.2 27.5 33.1 14.9 8.3 22.5 32.0 23.8 38.7 22.1 32.8 17.1 35.4 32.9 47.9 40.0 34.3 18.5 49.7 23.3 47.0 16.9 36.1 25.8 52G A15STJlA("r OF (CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMrARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES; 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued, [See explanatory nolo on the fust page of (his table.) I'uble 1 1 l--Contcl. DIVISION AND STATK Ka.st Noiitii Centkai. — Continued. Michigan Wisconsin We.st North Centrai,: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia . Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Floriila East South Central: Kentucky T 'iinessee Alabama Mississippi Cen- sus. Niiin- her of eslab- lish- iiient.s. ' PKRSONS KNGAQED IN INDUSTRY. Primary hoi'.se- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of materials). PER CENT OP INCREASE. Total. Pro- prie- tors and Arm mem- bers. Salaried em- |)loyees Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expre.ssed in thousands. 1909 9,159 271,071 8,905 30,007 231,499 598, 288 8.583. 947 $.34,870 $118,968 $368,612 $685, 109 $316,497 32.1 59.7 1904 7,446 200, 196 7,732 17,235 175,229 440,890 337,894 17,470 81,279 230,081 429, 120 199,039 12.5 34.2 1899 7,310 13,350 165, 800 368, 497 246, 996 12,336 62, 532 175,966 319, 692 143,726 1909 9,721 213,426 8, 5.56 22, 287 182, 583 554, 179 605, 6.57 25, 737 93,905 346,356 590, 305 243, 949 20.6 43.6 1904 8, 5, 58 173,572 7,961 14,220 1.51,391 440, 234 412,647 15, 498 71,472 227, 255 411,140 183,885 10.1 25.8 1899 7,841 10, 480 137,525 364,380 286,061 10, 493 55, 696 185, 695 326, 753 141,058 1909 5, 561 104, 406 5,376 14,263 84, 767 297,670 275,416 15,451 47,471 281,622 409,420 127,798 21.7 33.0 1904 4,7,'j6 83, 301 4,524 9. 141 69,636 220,934 184,903 9, 033 35,843 210,5.54 307,858 97,304 7.9 37.6 1899 4,096 6,625 64,557 180,124 133,077 6,064 29,029 150, 299 223, 693 73,394 1909 5,528 78,360 5.323 11,402 61,635 155,384 171,219 10,972 32,542 170,707 259, 238 88,531 24.6 61.4 1904 4,785 61,361 4,758 7,122 49, 481 118,005 111,428 5,948 22,997 102,844 160,572 57,728 11.4 20.8 1899 4,828 44, 420 106, 664 85, 668 4,233 18, 021 85,779 132,871 47,092 1909 8,375 185,705 8,226 24, 486 152,993 340,467 444,343 28,994 80,843 354,411 574,111 219,700 14.9 30.6 1904 6, 464 156,585 6,299 17,119 133, 167 247,861 379,369 19,002 66,644 252, 258 439, 549 187, 291 23.6 39.0 1899 6,853 12, 474 107,704 189,117 223,781 13,295 46,714 184, 189 316,304 132,115 1909 752 4,148 723 636 2,789 13,196 11,585 629 1,787 13,674 19,137 5,463 58.9 87.3 1904 507 2,545 494 296 1,755 9,873 5,704 258 1.032 7,096 10,218 3,122 29.2 63.2 1899 337 152 1,358 7,351. 3,512 130 671 4, 151 6,260 2, 109 1909 1,020 5.226 942 682 3,602 17,666 13,018 616 2,297 11,476 17,870 6,394 44.5 36.6 1904 686 3,582 049 441 2.492 11,1,54 7,585 294 1,422 8,697 13,086 4,389 12.0 37.3 1899 624 288 2,224 11,775 6,051 175 1,130 6,484 9,530 3,046 1909 2,500 31,966 2, 522 5,108 24,336 64, 466 99,901 5,491 13,948 151,081 199,019 47,938 20.1 28. 5 1904 1,819 25,356 1,904 3,192 20,260 46,372 80, 235 3,075 11,022 124,052 154,918 30, 866 8.5 18.9' 1899 1,695 2,296 18, 669 41,825 65, 906 2,107 8,842 95, 925 130,302 34,377 1909 3,435 54,649 3,571 6,863 44,215 213,141 156,090 7,351 25,904 258,884 325, 104 66, 220 24.3 64.0 1904 2, 475 42,057 2,766 3,721 35, 570 99,441 88,680 3,693 18,883 156, 510 198, 245 41,735 31.2 2S.7 1899 2,299 3,612 27,119 68, 242 59, 458 3,123 12,802 120, 738 154,009 33,271 1909 726 23, 984 722 2,024 21,238 52,779 60,906 2,322 10, 296 30,938 52, 840 21.902 15.0 28.4 1904 631 20, 567 641 1,451 18,475 49. 490 50,926 1,629 8,158 24,884 41,160 16,276 -10.2 -0.4 1899 633 1, 189 20, 562 40,134 38, 791 1,337 8, 457 24,725 41,321 16, 596 1909 4,837 125, 489 5,376 12,192 107,921 218,244 251,227 13,617 45, 436 199,049 315,669 116,620 14.6 29.7 1904 3,852 107,. 303 4,505 8,624 94,174 165, 449 201.878 8,844 36,144 150,024 243, 376 93,352 (*) 15.3 lvS99 3,886 6,741 94, 170 132,052 149,155 6,845 32,414 129,355 211,076 81,721 1909 518 9,758 475 1,570 7.707 16, 563 30, 553 1,840 4,989 10,247 25, 289 15,042 22.4 37.7 1904 482 7,778 473 1,006 0, 299 12, 692 20. 200 1,207 3,659 7.732 18.359 10, 627 2.3 11.8 1899 491 6, 155 10,255 17,961 872 3,023 7,475 16,426 8, 951 1909 5, 685 120,797 6,570 8,551 105, 076 283,928 210,392 9,101 38,154 125, 583 219,794 94,211 31.0 47.7 1904 3. 187 88,898 3, 643 4,970 80, 285 170,998 147,989 4,875 27,943 83.649 148,857 65,208 21.2 37.0 1899 3, 186 3,828 66, 223 136,696 92, 300 3,630 20, 274 59,360 108, 644 49,284 1909 2,586 71,463 2, ,599 4,971 03, 893 217,496 150.922 5,710 33, 000 92,878 161,949 69.071 46.0 03.5 1904 2,109 48, 880 2,230 2,892 43, 758 138,578 86,821 2,899 21,153 64,419 99.041 44, 622 32.3 47.8 1899 1.824 1,744 33,080 91 , 894 49, 103 1,519 12,640 37,228 67,007 29,779 1909 4,931 133, 453 5. 451 6, 529 121,473 378,550 217,185 0,903 34, 355 121.861 216,056 94,795 42.3 52.0 1904 3,272 93. 142 3,731 4,072 85,339 216, 622 141,001 3, 795 21,375 79, 268 142, 521 63, 253 18.0 67.1 1809 3. 4(>5 2,894 72,322 154.4(i7 68,283 2,395 14,052 44,854 85,274 40, 420 1909 1,854 78, 040 1,737 3, 257 73, 046 276,378 173,221 3,756 20,361 06, 351 113,236 40,885 22.9 42.7 1904 1 . 399 63,071 1,241 2, 389 59,441 197.479 113,422 2. 3.55 13, 869 49, 969 79, 376 29, 407 26.4 48.8 1899 1 . 369 1.419 47,025 112,607 62. 750 1.307 9, 130 30, 486 53,. 336 22, 850 1909 4.792 118,036 5.141 8, 307 104, .588 298,241 202,778 9, 062 34,805 116,970 202, 863 85, 893 12.8 34.3 1904 3,219 102,365 3,512 6. 104 92, 749 220,419 135,211 5, 927 27,393 83, 625 151,040 67,415 11.3 69.8 1899 3,015 3,815 83 336 136,499 79, 303 3,204 19,958 49,356 94,532 45,176 1909 2. 1.50 64.810 2.712 4.625 57,473 89,816 65, 291 4,9,55 22, 982 20,128 72.890 46, 702 36.5 44.9 1904 1.413 46, 985 1.71)9 3, 125 42,091 4.3,413 32,972 2, 670 15,707 10,532 50, 298 33. 766 18.7 47.1 1899 1.781 35, 471 25, 682 1,299 10,916 12, 847 34. 184 21,337 1909 4,776 79,060 .5, 0.50 8,610 0,5, 400 230, 224 172,779 9, (i03 27,888 111,779 223, 754 111,975 9. 4 40.1 1904 3,734 69, 755 4,108 5, 853 .59, 794 174,625 147.282 5. 871 24,439 . 86, .545 159,754 73,209 15.6 26.3 IKQ9 3,048 4 . 356 51 735 144 161 K7,99n 4,185 18, 454 67,406 126,509 59, 103 1909 4, 609 87,672 5,415 8,417 73, 840 242,277 167,924 9. 186 28. 251 104,016 180,217 76.201 21.9 30.6 mi 3, 17.5 69,287 3, 805 4,910 CiO, 572 175,780 102,440 5. 081 22,806 79,3.52 137.961 58, 609 31.8 48.7 1899 3, 116 3, 329 45 ‘»f;3 i:in 6.3 140 :En4,H 14,727 54, 5.59 92, 749 38,190 1909 3,398 81 . 972 3,769 6 , 055 72.148 357,8.37 173, 180 0. 565 27,284 83,442 145,962 62, ,520 1 6.0 3.3,7 1904 1 . HH2 (i7,884 1 , '148 3,763 62, 173 293, 185 105, 383 3.867 21,878 60, 4,58 109, 170 48,712 18.0 51. 4 1899 2, 000 2, 259 52,711 173,208 60, 106 2, 059 14,912 37,998 72. no 34,112 1909 2, .598 56,761 2, 974 3,403 50, 384 200, 222 72,393 3, 0.54 18,768 36, 926 80, 5.55 43,629 ,30. 2 40.2 1904 1 , 520 42,966 1 , 588 2.688 38, 6<)0 110,338 60, 250 2, 598 14,819 25, 801 57,4.51 31 , 650 44. 4 70.4 1899 1,294 1 , 26)0 26, 799 65, 738 22,712 1,093 7,910 10, 643 33,718 17,175 ' Less than ono-tenth of 1 per cent. 527 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES; 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See e.xplamitory nolo on the first page of thts table.] Table 1 1 1— Contd. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERvSONS ENGAGE!) IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of prod ucts less cost of materials). PER CENT OF INCREASE. niVISION AND STATE. Ceu- sus. Total. Pro- jirie- tors and firm mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. We.st South Central: Arkansas 1909 2,925 51,730 3, 4,55 3,293 44, 982 173,088 $70, 174 $3, 461 $19,113 $34,935 $74,910 $39,981 35.9 39. 1 1904 1,907 37, 557 2,140 2,328 33, 089 109, 509 46, 306 2,310 14,544 21, 799 53,805 32,066 5.0 3.5.0 1899 1,740 1,549 31,525 79, 560 25, 385 1,262 10, 184 18,288 39, 888 21,600 Louisiana 1909 2,516 86,563 2,295 8, 103 76,165 346, 652 221,816 9,008 33,386 134,865 223, 949 89,084 36.4 20.2 1904 2,091 63,735 1,899 5,977 55,859 251,963 150,811 6,044 25,316 117,035 186, .380 69,345 36.6 07.3 1899 1 , 826 3,570 40, 878 190, 182 100, 875 2, 934 14, 725 75,404 111,398 35,994 Oklahoma 1909 2,310 18,034 2,698 2,193 13.143 71,139 38, 873 2,045 7, 240 34, 153 53,682 19,529 140.9 119.5 11904 1,123 7,456 1,187 813 5,456 29,608 16,124 718 2,799 16,394 24. 459 8,065 129.1 200.7 U899 495 2G9 2, 381 11,572 4,054 219 894 5,430 8,134 2, 704 Texas 1909 4,588 84,575 4,496 9,849 70,230 282, 471 216,876 10,868 37,907 178,178 272, 896 94,718 43. 1 81.3 1904 3,158 57,892 3,073 5,753 49,066 164,037 115,665 6,118 24, 469 91,604 150,528 58,924 27.1 62.0 1899 3, 107 2,861 38,604 116,157 2,919 16,912 54, 388 92, 894 38,506 Mountain: Montana 1909 677 13,694 659 1,380 11,655 90,402 44,588 2,054 10,901 49, 180 73,272 24,092 30.1 10.3 1904 382 10,190 334 905 8,957 46,736 52, 590 1,506 8,652 40,930 66,415 25,485 -9.1 25.9 1899 395 508 9,854 43, 679 38, 225 786 7,377 30,068 52, 745 22, 677 Idaho 1909 725 9,909 831 858 8,220 42, 804 32, 477 984 5,498 9,920 22, 400 12, 480 168.5 155.4 1904 364 3,791 371 359 3.061 16,987 9, 689 379 2,059 4.069 8,769 4,700 97.2 192.2 1899 287 92 1,552 5,649 2, 130 66 818 1,4,39 3,001 1,562 Wyoming 1909 268 3,393 263 203 2,867 7,628 6,195 311 2.081 2,608 6.249 3,641 56.3 77.4 1904 169 2, 163 150 179 1,834 3,604 2,696 206 1,261 1,301 3,523 2,222 -11.0 7.8 1899 139 87 2,060 3,820 2,048 91 1,209 1,370 3,268 1,898 Colorado 1909 2,034 34,115 1,722 4,326 28, 067 154,615 162, 668 5,648 19,912 80, 491 130,044 49,553 28.7 29.9 1904 1,606 25,888 1,398 2,677 21,813 124,907 107, 664 3,549 15,100 63,114 100,144 37,030 11.9 12.4 1899 1,323 1,870 19,498 43, 434 58, 173 2, 059 11,708 60, 751 89,068 28,317 New Mexico 1909 313 4,706 288 335 4,143 15, 465 7,743 383 2,591 3,261 7,898 4,637 19.1 38.4 1904 199 3,891 189 224 3,478 5,948 4,638 264 2,153 2, 236 5,706 3,470 39.7 40.5 1899 174 88 2, 490 3,658 2,161 91 1,199 1,999 4,061 2,062 Arizona 1909 311 7,202 201 500 6,441 39, 140 32, 873 798 5, .505 • 33,600 50,257 16, 657 34.4 79.0 1904 169 5,217 133 291 4,793 21,412 14,396 472 3,969 14,595 28,083 13,488 53.3 37.4 1899 154 205 3,126 8,537 9,517 269 2, 287 7,877 20, 439 12, 562 Utah 1909 749 14,133 688 1,600 11,785 42,947 52,627 1,906 8,400 41.266 61,989 20, 723 46.4 59.2 1904 606 9,650 619 979 8,0.52 19,. 397 26,004 1,039 5,158 24,940 38,927 13,987 48.8 116.5 1899 575 599 5,413 12,674 13,219 501 2,763 11,440 17,982 6,542 Nevada 1909 177 2,650 137 256 2,257 7,765 9,806 378 1,982 8,306 11,887 3,521 181.4 283.9 1904 115 1,016 108 106 802 2,834 2,892 126 094 1,628 3,096 1,468 59.1 145.5 1899 99 37 504 1,561 1,251 34 353 662 1,261 599 Pacific: Washington 1909 3,674 80,118 3,264 7,734 69, 120 297,897 222,261 9,827 49, 766 117.888 220,746 102, 858 52.9 71.4 1904 2,751 51,459 2,602 3,658 45, 199 168,342 96,953 4.093 30,087 66, 166 128,822 62, 656 43.4 81.9 1899 1,926 2, 103 31,523 87, 601 41,575 2, 064 17, 065 38, 277 70,831 32, 554 Oregon 1909 2,240 34, 722 2,499 3,473 28,750 175.019 89,082 4,047 19,902 50, 552 93,005 42, 453 55.2 67.5 1904 1,602 22,018 1,726 1,769 18,523 81,. 348 44,023 2,133 11,443 30,597 55, 525 24,928 28.1 51.7 1899 1,406 1,143 14, 459 60,005 28, 359 1,222 6, 822 20, 789 36, 593 15,804 California 1909 7,659 141,576 8,077 18, 203 115,296 329.100 537, 134 22,955 84,142 325,238 529,761 204, 523 14.9 44.3 1904 6,839 120,040 7,402 12,283 100,355 210,359 282,047 14,399 64,657 215,726 367,218 151,492 30.0 42.7 1899 4,997 6,877 77,224 126,953 175,468 7,495 39,890 164, 894 257,386 92, 492 1 Includes Indian Territory. 528 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. COMPARATIVE SUiMMARY FOR THE 25 PRINCIPAL CITIES: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Notk.— T ho flgiiros for .somo oilios do not aitroo with those published in i904 because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establish- uionls located within tho corporate limits of the cities. [A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.] Xablo 1 1^. CITY. Cen- sus. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Sala- ries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture (value of products less cost of ma- terials). PEE CENT OF INCREASE. Total. Pro- prie- tor.s and finn mem- bers. Salaried em- ployees. Wage earners (average number). Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. New York, N. Y 1909 25,938 680,510 29,0.55 97, 453 554,002 429,003 $1,364,353 $122,074 $323,698 $1,092,155 $2,029,693 $937, 538 19.2 33.0 1904 20, 839 552,952 24,650 63,586 464,716 1,042,946 73,028 248, 128 818,029 1,526,523 708, 494 19.6 30.2 1899 19, 243 43, 783 388,586 853,238 51,656 196,656 634, 210 1,172,870 538, 660 Chicago, 111 1909 9,656 356,9.54 8, 150 54,821 293,977 525,236 971,841 65,925 174,112 793,470 1 281,171 487,701 21.5 34.1 1904 8, 1.59 289,529 7,209 40,276 241,984 637, 743 45, 601 136,405 589,914 955,036 365, 122 9.4 19.7 1899 7,608 32,406 221, 191 511,249 32,068 108,727 502,222 797,879 295,657 Philadelphia, Pa 1909 8,379 294,498 9, 162 33,452 251,884 365,950 691,397 39,446 126,381 429,092 746,076 316,984 10.0 26.2 1904 7,087 259, 878 8,140 22,839 228,899 520, 179 25,396 107, 640 333,352 591,388 258,036 6.6 13.7 1899 7.503 17, 498 214, 775 445,725 18,931 94,737 295, 175 519,982 224,807 St. Louis, Mo 1909 2,667 104.587 1,869 15,347 87,371 103,615 269,392 19,671 48,535 188, 189 328,495 140,306 5.6 22.9 1904 2,482 95,962 1,883 11,381 82, 098 265,937 13, 475 42,642 137, 740 267,307 1'29,567 27.6 38.0 1899 2,046 8,867 04,832 150,526 10,079 29, 145 101,838 193, 7.33 91, 895 Cleveland, Ohio 1909 2,148 98,686 1,718 12,240 84, 728 199,898 227,397 15,506 48,053 154,915 271,961 117,046 32.3 58.2 1904 1,616 72,362 1,445 6,876 64,041 156,321 8,299 33, 450 97,578 171,924 74,346 15.7 23.4 1899 1,350 5,064 55, 341 101,243 5,453 26,518 76,465 139, 356 62,891 Detroit, Mich 1909 2,036 95,841 1,804 13,026 81,011 114, 190 190, 125 15,260 43,007 130,218 252,992 122, 774 67.1 97.3 1904 1,362 55,718 1,312 5.923 48, 48:1 91,038 6. 126 22, 558 66,581 128,247 61,666 26.3 45.1 1899 1,259 4,947 38,373 67,224 4,720 15,317 47,007 88,366 41.359 Pittsburgh, Pa 1909 1,659 79,025 1,553 10,598 67,474 307,666 283, 139 12. 083 39,973 148,527 243, 454 94,927 -5.8 15.2 1904 1,562 81,407 1,516 8,273 71,618 260, 765 9,753 39,805 124,581 211,259 86,678 -0.2 -3.2 1899 1.301 5,850 71,794 211,774 6,351 37,635 128,458 218, 198 89.740 Boston, Mass 1909 3, 155 85,158 2,873 12,048 09,637 68,419 175, 182 15,041 39,910 124,577 237,457 112,880 17.7 28.8 1904 2,747 71,421 2,833 9,428 59, 160 131,563 10, 464 31,873 94,603 184,351 89. 748 11.9 13.3 1899 2,878 7,691 52,853 130, 143 8, 180 28,209 82,295 162, 765 80,470 Buffalo, N. Y 1909 1,753 61,246 1,489 8,345 51,412 121,791 193,041 9,347 28,727 136,538 218,804 82,266 18.0 48.5 1904 1,538 50,390 1,559 5,264 43,567 137,023 5,542 21,622 88,367 147,378 59,011 27.1 39.5 1899 1,478 3,767 34,275 95, 740 3,429 15,678 65, 939 105,627 39,688 Milwaukee, Wis 1909 1,764 08, 933 1,472 7,959 59,502 94,254 219,391 9,405 31,437 120.621 208,324 87,703 37.2 51.0 1904 1,527 49,843 1,393 5,084 43,306 101.494 5,837 20,809 71,103 137,995 06,892 5.2 24.5 1899 1,419 4,077 41,220 105, 504 4,. 305 17, 102 59,694 110,854 51,160 Newark, N. J 1909 1,858 69,986 1,704 8,327 59, 955 78,263 154,233 11,777 33,076 114,679 202,511 87,832 18.3 35.0 1904 1.600 57,463 1,631 5,135 50,697 119,026 6,685 25,622 80,689 150,055 69,366 18.2 33.1 1899 1.573 4,146 42,878 97, 182 5,256 20,365 60, 772 112,728 51,956 Cincinnati, Ohio 1909 2, 184 72,488 2,015 10.281 60, 192 88,597 150, 254 12, 759 31,101 101,932 194,516 92,584 2.7 17.1 1904 2,171 68,954 2, 180 8,190 58, 584 1.30, 272 9,077 27,390 83,258 166,059 82,801 6.6 17.2 1399 2,454 6, 164 54, 942 103,464 6.437 23, 104 71,391 141,678 70,287 Baltimore, Md 1909 2,502 83, 473 2,660 9,369 71,444 76,764 164,437 10,571 31,171 107,024 186,978 79, 954 9.8 24.5 1904 2,158 74, 234 2,432 6,752 65,050 146,961 6,997 25,507 80,555 150, 171 69,616 -2.3 11.1 1899 2,274 5,501 66,571 107,217 5y871 23,493 75, 223 135, 108 59,885 Minneapolis, Minn 1909 1, 102 33,923 1,012 5,949 26,962 89, 247 90,382 6,277 15,638 119.993 165, 405 45,412 24.4 36.5 1904 876 26,045 847 3,527 21,671 66,135 3,536 11,418 88,882 121, 163 32,281 10.5 28.3 1899 789 2, 158 19,020 50, 177 2,113 9,383 68,910 94,408 25, 498 Kansas City, Kans 1909 165 14,333 142 1,897 12,294 31,885 42,817 2,138 7,027 144,390 16-1,081 19,691 16.8 70.1 1904 100 11,761 82 1, 150 10,529 27,773 1,216 5,449 83,883 96,473 12, 590 11.0 20.6 1899 114 2,003 9,483 18, 236 1,911 4,259 68,875 80,023 11,148 San Francisco, Cal 1909 1,796 36,910 2,544 6,122 28,244 49,934 133, 824 8,086 22,381 76,217 133,041 56,824 -26.5 -3.4 1904 2,251 46, 666 3,047 5,190 38,429 102,362 6,630 25,015 75,946 137, 788 61,842 18.0 28.7 1899 1,748 3,413 32,555 69, 643 3,929 17, 259 65,535 107,024 41,489 Jersey City, N. J 1909 745 30, 239 614 4,171 25, 454 35,917 79, 794 5,049 13,216 89,317 128, 775 39,458 25.1 70.0 1904 628 23, 312 580 2,379 20,353 82, 395 2,990 10,021 48, 799 75,741 26,942 17.0 3.9 1899 53G 1,614 17,391 78,612 2,039 7,905 50,266 72,930 22,664 Indianapolis, Ind 1909 855 37, 929 031 5,483 31,815 50, 872 76, 497 6, 494 16,557 84,151 126,522 42,371 19.0 5.3.9 1904 810 31,431 591 4, 115 26, 725 53,420 4,096 12, 020 51,763 82,228 30. 46.5 27.4 38.6 1899 697 2,325 20, 985 34,736 2,248 8,844 38,287 59,322 21,0.35 Providence, R. I 1909 1,080 51,667 1,017 4,269 46,. 381 56,410 118,512 5,6.50 24, 449 64.770 120,241 55,471 16.5 30.7 1904 881 43,748 893 3,051 39,804 95,666 3,819 19.555 49.073 91,981 42,008 3.7 16.9 1899 929 2,493 38,308 79,686 3,053 16,931 42,551 78, 657 36, 106 Rochester, N. Y 1909 1,203 46, 017 1,042 6, 407 39, 108 39, 277 95, 708 7.7.34 21,518 .50.674 112.676 62, 002 23.1 38.9 1904 1. 109 37, 128 1,084 4,205 31,779 69, 807 4.. 529 14, 702 37.918 81, 109 43, 191 13.3 35.9 1899 1.221 3,061 28,049 45,210 3, 131 11,366 ^8,245 59, 669 31,424 Louisville, Ky 1909 903 32, 397 069 4,705 27,023 49,926 79,437 5,533 12, 460 ,54,128 101,284 47. 1.56 8.2 21.7 1004 842 28,817 706 3, 120 24, 985 79, 999 3,367 10,812 45,682 811, 204 .37,522 8.3 25.9 1899 860 2,491 23, 002 44,016 2,595 8. 436 34,876 66,110 31,934 South Omaha, Nebr... 1909 71 7,659 63 1,290 6,. 306 11,859 19,877 1,5,59 3,544 77,673 92, 436 14,763 11.4 37.1 1904 41 6,571 34 875 5,062 20.564 950 3,210 ,59, 193 67,415 8,222 -10.5 -3.0 1899 41 709 (>,327 16,382 736 3. 115 61.018 69,509 8,491 Youngstown, Ohio 1909 115 11,851 94 1,259 10, 498 140, 907 87, 160 1,593 7,8.35 62,292 81,271 18,979 29.7 73.5 1904 113 8, 903 86 722 8,095 40. 956 870 5,460 .35, 1,83 46, 853 11.670 -6.7 38.2 1899 103 414 8.679 22, 064 478 4,730 23, 133 33, 908 10,775 Lawrence, Maas 1909 102 31,589 145 902 .30,542 73, 060 79, ,5.50 1,.581 13,787 45, 438 79, 993 34,5.55 .39. 4 66.'5 1904 187 22, 720 183 633 21,910 60, 063 971 8,908 29,416 48,037 18,621 4,8 15.1 1899 107 (348 20,899 48, 827 997 8. 197 24,842 41,742 16,900 New Orleans, La 1909 848 20, 938 754 2,998 17, 186 .38, 145 50, 934 3,240 8,020 48,732 78,794 30, 062 - 1 . () -3.2 1904 690 20, 406 600 2,3.32 17,468 56, 995 2,386 7,. 390 58,828 81,411 22,. 58:1 7.9 41.7 1S99 688 1 . 579 16, 18.5 42,858 1,667 6, 176 .in,:i8.5 57,446 17.061 529 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Note.— The figures for some cities do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to Include data only fer those establishments located withta the corporate limits of the cities. Figures lor 1904 and 1899 are available lor cities which had between 8,000 and 10,000 inhabitants In 19W and are included, l)ut lor cities having less than 8,000 inhabitants In 1900 comparative data are not available. Table 113. axY. NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS 1 LESS COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 194>1 1899 1909 19 1909 1904 1890 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Ii,uNoi.s: Altx>n (19 62 59 2,429 3,069 2,174 $10,096 $8, 697 $4,250 $2,834 $3,274 $1,778 Aurora 105 103 97 5,095 4,078 3,949 10,954 7,329 5,638 5,373 3,791 3,046 Belleville 119 96 89 1,872 1,765 1,335 4,615 4,357 2,873 2,291 2,570 1,938 Bloomington 107 81 68 2,077 2,275 1,671 4,868 5,777 3,012 2,341 2,285 1,417 Cairo .56 57 53 1,237 1,435 1,501 4,440 4,382 3,116 1,483 1,544 1,216 ('an ton 33 1,262 2,942 1,759 Champaign 42 36 33 273 289 245 '846 486 354 '427 328 222 Chicago 9, (i5G 8, 159 /,668 293,977 241,984 221,191 1,281,171 955,036 797,879 487, 701 365, 122 295,657 ('hicago Heights 79 3,953 10, 839 5,227 Cicero town' 7 '658 l',461 128 Danville 76 70 72 1,744 1,884 *57 3,351 3,304 1,914 1,921 1,639 867 Decatur 157 116 108 2,699 2,340 1,920 9,768 8,667 5, 134 3,850 3,074 1,775 East St. Louis 139 91 58 5,252 4,505 3,106 18,228 10,586 6,241 6,788 4,890 2,563 Elgin 115 76 80 6,094 4,885 4,376 11,120 9,349 6,386 6 582 5,259 3,772 Evanston 60 33 27 837 738 400 3,778 2,551 830 1,428 968 468- Freeport 69 61 51 2,853 1,516 1,333 7,811 3,109 2,708 3,394 1,686 1,394 Galesburg 62 58 39 1,465 1,447 1,070 2,919 2,218 1,450 1,503 1,282 830 Jacksonville 57 55 55 947 899 1,066 2, 299 1,982 1,684 992 880 834 JoUet 137 104 135 6,383 5,792 5,792 38,817 32,897 26, 132 11,059 11,638 8 , 9.39 Kankakee 55 49 36 1,349 1,038 377 2,723 2,089 649 1,230 1,063 360 La Salle 29 24 26 1,293 1,197 917 5,308 3,158 3,309 2,380 1,280 912 Lincoln 40 39 36 220 236 188 570 784 375 280 409 219 Mattoon 35 34 39 948 1,022 632 1,434 1,309 764 765 787 418 Mohne 66 62 55 5,449 3, 987 4, 138 20,892 13, 158 9,302 9,703 6,263 4,704 Oak Park village 23 282 1,118 727 Ottawa 54 57 1,127 1,020 2,078 1,738 1,305 987 Peoria 283 263 291 5,981 5 ; 834 5,996 63,061 60,420 44,569 45,288 44,585 31,584 Quincy 235 234 198 4,032 4,602 3,815 11,436 10,748 7,919 5,644 5,560 3,568 Rock Island 74 72 66 1,754 1,703 1,885 5,387 5,333 4,622 2,569 2,753 1,939 Rockford 205 180 159 9,309 7,239 5,851 22,266 15,276 11,022 11,684 7,210 4,820 Springfield 171 122 106 3,652 3,071 2, 199 8,497 5,797 3,467 4,293 3,307 2,055 Streator 45 34 42 1,275 1,544 1,283 2,137 1,889 1,245 1,320 1,305 883 Waukegan 59 41 32 3,090 825 495 19,984 3,962 733 5,820 1,004 395 Lnduna; 2 Anderson 116 102 96 4,393 3,079 3,537 13,765 8, 181 8,296 5,638 3,321 3,856 East Chicago 16 2, 370 5,483 2,423 Elkhart...” 69 58 57 3,010 2,265 2, 123 6; 932 4,345 3,933 3,911 2,329 2,051 Elwood 37 32 46 2,073 1,779 2,745 8,408 6,111 9,433 2, 159 1,714 2,678 Evansville 299 268 273 8,997 7,758 6,284 22,929 18,091 12, 168 10,135 7,969 5,623 Fort Wayne 230 193 178 10,298 7,729 6,519 23,687 14,011 11,263 12,272 6,992 .5,231 Hammond 49 38 21 3,841 1,548 2,683 15,580 7,671 25,070 8,929 5,126 4,868 Huntington 33 36 30 1,376 1,311 1,246 2,228 2,081 1,725 1,098 985 758 Indianapolis 855 810 697 31,815 26, 725 20,985 126,522 82, 228 59,322 42,371 30,465 21,035 Jeffersonville 35 33 34 766 1,492 1,516 1,916 4,526 3,772 833 1,699 1,336 Kokomo 72 61 62 2,051 1,917 1,355 5,451 3,651 2,062 2,469 2,057 1,052 Lafayette 69 80 85 1,660 1,786 1,343 5,542 4,631 3,514 2,096 1,928 1,524 Laporte 41 1,674 3,972 2, 158 Logansport 68 61 68 2,169 1,720 1.316 4,201 2,956 2,100 2 ; 219 1,394 1,074 Marion 89 96 81 2,269 2,219 2,843 4,442 4,034 4,593 2,118 2,290 2,394 Michigan Citv 48 52 41 2,887 3,140 2,912 8,290 6,314 6,032 2,925 2,334 2,071 42 3,445 10,883 5,613 Muncie 102 97 90 4i033 2,855 3,848 9,684 5,891 7,042 4,210 2,571 3,194 New Albany 95 93 95 1.910 2,240 2,137 3,493 3,835 3,638 1,607 1,794 1,522 Peru 31 43 39 619 912 1,136 1,097 1,343 1,338 615 718 667 Richmond 107 98 88 3,621 2,970 2,688 10,374 6,732 4,754 5,256 3,731 2,523 South Bend 218 156 131 11,789 8.997 7,678 27,854 15,180 12,960 12,601 7,010 6,119 Terre Haute 170 178 143 4,3.59 4,044 4,679 21, 793 18,008 26,296 13, 1.36 10,361 18,927 Vincennes 84 62 48 1,233 1,354 906 4, 234 3,029 1,979 1,818 1,288 1,038 Iowa: Boone 34 34 35 330 367 485 682 714 629 399 415 315 Burlington 128 109 125 4,190 2,915 2,054 8,443 5,779 4,450 3,798 ,3,073 2,008 Cedar Rapids 153 134 89 3,565 3,259 2,374 24,824 16,280 11,136 6,174 4,000 2,973 Clinton 69 83 81 2,414 2, 153 2,502 7,480 4,906 6,203 2,8,50 2,260 2,293 Council Blulls 101 71 74 1,434 1,001 788 3,769 1,924 1,692 1,812 994 868 Davenport 2.32 173 KB 4,231 3,840 3,403 18,802 13,696 9,872 7,231 4,857 3,815 Des Moines 387 291 218 5,383 4,155 3,479 23,585 15,085 8,397 10,020 6,441 4,259 Dubuque 156 156 161 5, 168 4,274 4, 6)58 15,376 0,279 9,651 6,266 4,573 4,293 Fort Dodge 44 42 30 1,115 961 390 2,975 3,026 1,006 1,163 1,324 327 44 282 805 465 Keokuk 91 80 88 1,54! 1,5.33 1,362 7,399 4, 226 3,049 2,715 1,992 1,458 Marshalltown 49 44 44 1,3(>5 888 1,112 4,822 3,090 3,957 1,643 950 1,161 49 807 2,881 1,085 Muscatine'. 113 107 105 3, 496 2,76)3 2,589 6, 166 5,040 5,220 3,428 2,025 1,705 Ottumwa 93 62 61 2,650 2,304 1,820 14,838 10,374 8,683 2, 672 1,841 1,783 Sioux City 136 106 123 3,7.50 2, 299 2,463 37, 425 14,761 14,227 7,037 3, 3('>5 4,097 Waterloo 108 90 55 3,124 1,674 804 8,999 4, 694 2,088 4,357 1,945 7 15 Kansas: Atchison 68 60 39 824 798 583 4,405 3,8'29 2,093 1,268 873 591 47 1 , 069 4,752 1,260 Fort Scott 36 46 32 266 244 389 1,010 786 714 340 323 335 Galena 19 i:jo 114 797 421 109 105 Hutchinson ()7 44 42 510 536 3,614 2,031 1,541 941 644 503 31 252 757 365 Kansas City 165 100 114 12,294 10,529 9, 483 164,081 96, 473 80,023 19,691 12,590 11, 148 Lawrence 49 39 39 422 402 461 1,653 658 1,239 49S 341 347 I.eavenworth 79 89 89 1,311 1, 321 1,141 4,875 4. 1,52 3,251 1,677 1,564 1,270 25 1, 130 1 , (i2r> 891 I'ittsburg 49 34 33 '972 919 882 i;8i7 1,494 1,434 1,093 H4K 523 Topeka 202 154 145 4,244 3,9.'-)3 2,874 17,821 14,449 8,3.57 5,562 4,216 3,079 Wichita 225 110 103 2,783 1,262 863 22,564 7,390 3,329 5,579 1,96)3 973 • While the population for 1900 was In exees.9 of 10,000, statistics for that census arc not available. * Docs not include statistics for (lory. 531 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899- Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 1 1 3— Continucil. | CITY. NUMBER OF P:STAB- LI 8 HMKNTS. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Expressed in t VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (value of products LESS COST OF MATERIALS). loiLsands. 1909 j 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 llMIt 1899 1909 19(14 1899 Kentucky: ('ovlngton 196 199 204 3,942 3,703 3,212 $8,712 $6, 100 $.5,479 , $4,241 $3,490 $2, 962 Frankfort 31 30 34 537 525 281 3.083 1,747 1,327 1 1,115 614 498 Henderson 43 34 26 1,088 459 352 2,932 1,365 1,032 ; 1,210 603 451 Lexington 85 84 88 1,032 1,114 797 2,851 2,775 1,889 i 1,602 1,389 903 Louisville 903 842 860 27,023 24,985 23,062 101,284 83,204 66, 110 47, 156 37,522 31,234 Newport 144 105 134 2,632 1,958 1,955 6,491 5,231 3,548 ! 3, 125 2,259 2,075 Owensboro 69 00 51 1,064 1,392 890 3,505 3,319 1,740 1,253 1,504 825 Paducah 91 84 70 2,613 2,841 2,061 4,967 4,443 2,977 2,619 2,598 1,642 Louisiana: .d 30 513 1,279 681 Baton Rouge 33 37 13 357 620 329 '658 1,383 ns 322 785 331 33 736 2,251 982 23 681 1,255 710 New Orleans 848 690 688 r , 186 17,468 16, 185 78,794 81,411 57,446 30,062 22,583 17,061 Shreveport 61 63 46 1,114 1,162 736 3,643 2,838 1,556 ' 1,554 1,554 655 Maine; Auburn 83 72 67 3,452 2,652 2,749 8,843 6,407 5,965 3,053 1,990 1,978 Augusta 40 44 52 2,096 1,860 2,018 4,662 3,887 3,313 2, 178 2,000 2,101 Bangor 122 87 101 1,327 1,496 1,511 3,346 3,408 3,336 1,499 1,671 1,431 46 64 1,950 2,097 3,654 3,697 1,672 1,759 Biddeford 43 33 39 5,076 4 ; 764 4 ; 375 9,012 6,949 5, 472 4,114 2,813 2,. 506 Lewiston 83 81 84 6,788 6, 167 6,677 10, 475 8,528 7,779 5,200 3,811 4,061 Portland 271 243 234 4,902 4,345 3,763 11,950 9,133 7,334 5,941 4,778 3,731 Waterville 33 40 29 1,812 2,011 1,926 3, 179 3,069 2, 284 1,408 1,296 1,238 Maryland: Baltimore 2,502 2,158 2,274 71,444 65,050 66,571 186,978 150, 171 135,108 79,954 69,616 59,885 Cumberland 71 72 56 1,936 2,276 1,643 4,534 4,595 2,900 1,858 1,917 1,226 Frederick 55 56 54 1,026 1,032 939 2,911 1,938 1,438 836 715 ,519 Hagerstown 76 67 80 1,718 2, 210 1,515 3,197 3,027 1,820 1,399 1,376 721 Massachusetts; Adams town 31 23 26 3,991 3,994 3,182 6,410 5,492 3.894 3,328 2,804 2, 181 19 18 12 283 209 122 695 493 256 384 267 144 Attleborough town 128 108 108 6,429 5,044 4,811 15,160 10,050 8, 751 8,347 5,399 4,955 Beverly 63 71 73 4,487 2,083 2,275 8,653 4,101 3,781 5,362 1,778 1,632 Boston 3 ; loo 2,747 2,878 09,637 59,160 52,853 237, 457 184.351 162,765 112,880 89, 748 80,470 Brockton 196 201 186 14,737 13,889 10,296 45,972 37,791 24,855 17, 407 15,238 9,522 Brookline town 16 13 8 340 495 324 532 733 485 336 462 266 Cambridge 275 202 243 15,260 14,586 11,070 44,227 42, 407 29,092 20,661 17,290 12,319 Chelsea 110 130 120 5,954 4,939 2,959 17,003 13,879 9,519 6,434 5,572 4,058 Chicopee 58 40 4 (i 7,260 4,670 4,085 19, 219 7,716 5,389 8,267 3,386 2,689 Clhiton town 39 35 22 4,123 3,482 3,836 7,845 5,458 5,043 3,629 2,050 2,328 Everett 62 51 52 2,680 2, 186 1,877 8,747 6,136 4,437 4,241 3,013 1,963 Fall River 288 234 240 37, 139 26,836 30,646 64, 146 43, 473 39, 103 28,622 17,377 21,033 Fitchburg 122 107 115 8,497 6,498 6,218 23,252 15,391 13,008 8,810 5,970 5,528 Framingham town 27 36 34 3,069 2,484 2,207 6,917 4,174 3,007 3,506 1,657 1,315 Gardner town 52 50 40 3,617 3, 168 2,896 6,485 5,019 4,386 3,652 2,449 2,102 Gloucester 102 132 137 2,181 1,763 2,367 7,753 6,921 6,293 2,983 2,239 2,061 Greenfield town 47 1,251 2,801 1,767 Haverhill 346 320 390 1 L 689 9,574 9,761 35; 377 24,447 23, 419 13,691 10, 190 8,425 Holyoke 187 179 158 16,513 14,685 12,519 40,097 30,731 24,093 17,796 14, 152 11,387 Hyde Park town 40 40 33 4,320 3,991 2,483 7,336 6,739 4,384 3,985 3, 158 1,877 I>awrence 162 187 167 30,542 21,910 20,899 79,993 48,037 41,742 34,555 18,621 16,900 Leominster town 94 65 70 5,601 4,127 3,412 10,531 7,502 5,397 4,955 3,538 2,628. Lowell 320 256 286 32,575 29,303 29,254 60,271 46,879 41,203 27,440 19,968 20,924 Lynn 431 431 423 27,368 21,540 16,377 71,503 55,003 39,347 ,30, 142 22,387 14,876. Malden 86 59 53 2,900 2,954 2,416 8,206 11,236 6,602 3,818 7,191 2.518 Marlborough 59 40 50 4,265 3,479 2,524 10,382 7,469 4,498 4,007 2,883 1,664 Medford 40 37 36 560 484 575 2,045 872 1,132 795 486 592 Melrose ^ 25 24 16 1,038 1,571 1, 180 2,825 9,451 3,416 1,236 6,536 1,270 Methuen town 19 1,572 3,476 1,250 Milford town 53 44 50 1,801 1,782 1,357 4,442 3,390 2,552 2,053 1,614 1,086 New Bedford 207 176 171 26, 566 17,855 1.5,203 53,238 29,469 23,397 24, 674 13,378 11,614 Newbui-yport 74 69 64 3 ; 215 2' 955 2,801 6,931 6,810 5,141 3 ; 150 2 , 548 2,090 Newton 46 48 45 2,174 1,893 1,823 6,279 4,141 3,679 2,896 1,899 1,785 North Adams 00 58 68 5,414 5,502 6,312 10,315 8,036 10,741 4,739 4.025 5,694 Northampton 71 77 66 3,150 2,963 2,635 6,999 5,756 4,707 3,836 2,714 2, 167 Peabody town 74 76 86 4,850 3,953 2,661 15, 549 10,237 6,944 5,357 3,489 1,870 Pittsfield 71 44 69 6,353 4,455 3, 198 15,215 8,577 5. 754 6,687 3,948 2, 676 Plymouth town 32 35 27 2,912 2,300 1,511 11,618 11,116 5,530 3,143 2,548 1,966 Quincy 183 161 153 5,492 5,371 2, 128 10,505 8.982 3,012 6, 661 5,278 2,103 Revere town 14 12 17 101 125 87 407 355 156 115 106 105 Salem 155 143 162 6,338 5,945 5, 025 14,576 12,202 10,711 5,936 4,281 4.127 Somerville 114 78 85 5,280 3,474 3,528 38,687 22,955 20,065 6,764 3,779 3.344 Southbridge town 36 32 32 4,037 3.223 2,687 6,269 4,202 3,512 3,144 1,922 1,730 Springfield 346 296 278 11,855 10,523 8,152 31,773 25,860 18, 155 17, 410 13, 480 9,263 Taunton 146 127 114 7,407 6,608 6,590 15,380 13,645 11.544 7,605 5,958 6.004 Wakefield town 23 22 25 2,230 1, 804 1,436 5,527 4,808 2,647 2,692 1,970 1 393 altham 80 60 74 6,037 6,208 4. 861 7,814 7,150 5. 890 5,370 .5,083 4,001 Watertown town 25 20 27 4,335 3, 322 1,935 11,546 15,525 5,330 5,083 9,990 1,831 AVebster town 23 16 20 3,409 3,107 2,377 11,296 5,868 4,008 3,476 1,927 1.546 Westfield town 91 86 97 3,060 2,634 2, 370 7. .362 5,818 4,441 4, 494 3, ,567 2, S .56 AVeymouth town 41 46 51 1,991 1,841 1,922 6, 627 4,922 5, .389 2,423 1,924 2,211 AA'inthrop town 7 7 42 17 Woburn 59 52 47 1,653 1,482 1,3.', 6 .5, 40 S 4,654 4, ( K13 2,294 1,846 1,124 AVorcester 580 470 465 28,221 22,796 22, .593 77 , 148 52, 145 46,793 34,547 25,134 23,323 / 532 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CTTIKS OF 10, 000 INIIAIIITANTS OH OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE; 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (SCO explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Tabic 1 1 S— Continued. CITY. NUMBER OV ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE 1 VALUE ADDED BY MANUPAO VALUE OF PRODUCTS. j TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS j LE.SS COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. IWHi li)(H 1899 1909 19(M 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 199 147 117 4,797 3,967 3,715 14,006 8,348 6,710 5,8.38 4,076 2,902 Kalamazoo 193 157 129 6,272 5,666 3,870 17,904 13, 142 7,186 8,399 6,246 3,293 Lansing 169 98 74 5,285 2,982 1,425 16,567 6,887 2,942 7,765 3,414 1,310 Manistee 64 ■ 47 56 2,125 2,084 2, 103 3,344 3,257 3,625 2,055 1,983 2,249 Marquette 34 31 29 498 738 836 1,254 2,364 1,585 698 972 772 Menominee 52 45 38 1,700 1,489 1,703 3,728 2,974 4,076 2,071 1,601 2,239 Mnskegon 101 70 67 4,522 3,078 3,078 9,648 6,319 4,528 4,710 2,793 2,2.59 Pontiac 42 47 47 1,739 1,290 1,092 5,894 3,047 2,471 2,654 1,312 869 Port Huron 82 74 78 1,580 2, 136 2,026 3,588 3,715 3,627 1,639 1,968 1,875 Saginaw 203 179 184 5,990 4,445 4,205 18,833 10,079 8,653 8,424 4,712 3,569 Sault Ste. Marie 47 38 33 1,005 895 317 4,619 2,412 728 1,496 985 449 Traverse City 61 46 36 1,220 1,108 909 2,289 2, 177 1,201 1,106 1,079 686 Minnesota: Duluth 194 163 126 6,083 3,987 3,658 17, 180 10,139 7,811 8,336 5,505 4, 152 Mankato 63 54 47 807 724 520 3,723 3,422 1,887 995 893 532 Minneapolis 1,102 876 789 20,962 21,671 19,620 165, 405 121,163 94,408 45, 412 32,281 25,498 St. Cloud 69 39 30 626 414 507 2,299 1,800 1,561 957 583 484 St. Paul 719 614 537 19,339 14,363 13,019 58,990 38,319 30,056 28,690 18,831 14,144 Stillwater 38 36 32 688 955 829 2,686 2, 784 1,801 1,038 1,300 751 Virginia 21 188 519 357 Winona 99 86 72 2, 032 1,953 1, 965 11.199 7,850 6,013 3,869 2,576 2,012 Mississippi: Hattiesburg 29 648 1,251 626 Jackson. . 45 799 3,113 1,145 Meridian 54 53 42 1,524 1,346 834 4 ; 238 3,267 1,924 1,764 1.215 809 Natchez 27 24 16 428 316 648 1,114 820 1,115 425 317 534 Vicksburg 47 32 24 1,202 1,031 987 2.229 1.888 1,368 1,081 895 652 Missouri: Hannibal 66 58 66 2,445 1,811 1,238 6,195 3,564 2,699 1,879 1,408 964 Jefferson City 35 45 41 1,336 262 299 5,446 3,927 3,061 1,794 1,440 930 Joplin 77 56 45 830 680 682 4, 136 3,006 2,325 1,778 1,046 769 *■ Kansas City 902 612 585 14,643 11,039 9,699 54,704 35,573 23,588 23,742 16,048 11,0.57 Moberly 31 28 32 999 496 656 1,984 801 792 892 402 432 St. Joseph 261 219 184 5,390 4,663 5,095 17,626 11,574 11,362 6,573 4,754 4,420 St. Louis 2,667 2, 482 2,646 87,371 82,698 64,832 328, 495 267,307 193, 733 140,306 129,567 91,895 Sedalia 75 50 57 935 974 909 2,333 1,692 1,283 1,117 867 608 Springfield 108 82 79 2,131 2,158 1,710 5,382 5,293 3,4.34 2,334 1.901 1,443 Webb City 25 19 12 170 138 126 1 ( 4 638 354 264 243 140 Montana: i 13 97 591 434 Billings 37 226 1,243 478 Butte” 66 54 56 662 478 411 2,464 1,760 1,.517 1,544 1, 192 739 Helena 44 34 27 420 349 264 1,303 1,163 776 810 <35 440 26 428 1,171 769 Nebraska: 44 616 1,8:17 826 Lincoln 167 128 81 2, 140 1,617 1,104 7,010 5,222 2,764 3,146 2, 531 1,168 Omaha 432 318 307 8, 023 5,822 5,276 60,854 54,004 38,074 17,439 11,111 18,146 South Omaha 71 41 41 6,306 5, 662 6,327 92, 4.36 67, 415 69, ,509 14,763 8 222 8,491 Nevada: 40 310 1,862 691 New Hampshire: Berlin 20 17 17 1,790 2,282 2,810 5,897 5,989 5,985 2,243 2,324 2,874 Concord 111 80 86 2,693 2,654 2, 4.32 6, 477 5,374 4,211 2,931 2, 543 2,123 Dover 51 42 40 3,030 2,859 2, 797 6,370 6, 043 5, 440 3,134 2,173 2, 167 Keene 64 50 57 1,769 1,685 1,576 3,483 2,691 2,584 1,646 1,314 1,138 Laconia 43 55 53 2,146 1,957 1,535 3,818 3,097 2, 152 1,805 1,377 958 Manchester 175 1.55 166 24,735 17,579 17,862 46, 812 30,697 24, 628 16,315 11,990 10,825 Nashua 104 78 72 7,312 6, 1.59 5,777 17,326 12,858 10,096 6,947 4,375 3,970 Portsmouth :i6 27 38 992 638 1,323 2,871 2,602 3,961 1,510 1.714 2,086 New Jersey: 27 264 602 .308 Atlantic City 94 62 36 726 381 305 2,2IHJ 975 608 1,124 610 327 Bayonne 97 .58 63 7,519 7,0.57 4.670 73,641 60,634 38, 601 14,709 13,650 4,807 Bloomfield town 45 33 39 2,9.57 1,893 1,612 5,895 4,645 3,371 3, 594 2,895 1,005 Bridgeton 74 61 62 2, 387 2,276 2,182 4,070 2,964 2,2,59 2,073 1,725 1,216 Camden 365 298 322 16, ,527 12,661 7,742 49, i:i8 33,587 17,970 21,754 13, 164 7,528 East Orange 42 17 22 1,:386 854 ()9() 3,725 2,327 2,087 1,957 1,219 1,176 Elizabeth 163 124 141 12, 737 12,335 9, 498 29, 147 29. :!01 22,861 12,718 I2,;i20 9,948 25 2,530 8, 894 2,919 Hackensack town 46 23 21 738 812 487 1 , 978 1,188 782 1,079 801 411 Harri.son town 54 41 41 6, .500 4,0.10 2,8.59 13,1-12 8, 409 6,087 7, 729 4, 780 2,885 Hoboken 244 279 194 8,100 7,227 6,712 i 20,413 14,077 10,483 10,944 7, 497 5, 457 Irvington town 51 540 3,018 675 I Does not include statistics for Great Falls. 533 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. (SCO explanatory nolo on the first page of this table.) Table 1 13— Continued. CITY. NVMRKR OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LES.S COST OF MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 New Jersey— Continued. Jersey City 745 628 536 25, 454 20,353 17,391 $128,775 $75,741 $72,930 $39, 458 $26,942 $22, 664 Kearny town 18 11 16 2,820 1,,303 986 8,306 4,428 1,607 3,043 923 623 lyong Aranch 34 26 11 415 294 96 1,117 577 281 5;« 370 172 Millville 39 35 18 2, 761 2,767 2, 239 4,182 3, 719 2,514 2,583 2,335 1,595 Montclair town 23 19 23 252 151 169 1,026 621 664 357 202 278 Morristown town 31 26 22 201 307 252 724 705 .596 355 406 286 New Brunswick 93 71 72 5,264 4,590 3,836 10,005 8,917 5,791 5, 4.56 4,759 2,797 Newark 1,858 1,600 1,573 59, 955 50,697 42,878 202,511 150,055 112,728 87,832 69,366 51,956 Orange 85 66 74 4,383 2,450 1,640 9,176 6,151 2,996 5,488 3,509 1,416 Passaic 169 95 70 15,086 11,000 6, 399 41,729 22, 783 12,805 17,394 9,673 ^387 Paterson 702 513 487 32,004 28,509 28, 542 69, 584 54,673 48,502 34,856 27, 232 23, 447 Perth Amboy 80 53 47 5,866 3,950 2,005 73,093 34,800 14,061 9,161 4, 484 2,714 Phillipsburg town 39 32 34 3,432 3,148 2,216 9,150 6,684 4,585 4,380 3,118 1,782 I’lainneld 60 49 32 1,758 1,986 1,384 3,649 3, 572 2,437 2,119 2, 418 1,624 Trenton 340 311 246 18, .543 14,130 13,138 49,009 32,360 28,458 21,336 14,809 11,877 Union town 83 77 57 2,894 1,856 1,376 7,941 3,512 3, 403 4,402 2,120 1,995 West Hoboken town 137 95 65 2,782 3,562 2,733 5,577 5,947 4,769 3,089 2, 825 2,240 66 1,508 9,274 1,865 10 '476 '748 349 New Mexico: 31 587 1,288 704 New York: ‘ Albany 395 490 511 9,861 8,976 8,106 22,826 20,209 17,269 12,305 10,832 9,762 Amsterdam 97 89 98 10;284 7,993 6; 261 22,440 15,007 10; 643 9; 254 6,154 4; 653 140 111 120 6,497 6,660 5,895 15,961 13, 421 9,575 7,024 5,176 4,363 Batavia village 59 51 54 2; 007 1,603 i;573 4,401 3,589 2; 573 2; 620 1,805 li327 Binghamton 266 241 219 6,823 5,636 5,011 17,114 13,907 10,539 8,388 7,486 5,177 Buffalo 1,753 1,538 1,478 51,412 43,567 34, 275 218,804 147,378 105,627 82, 2(i6 59,011 39,688 Cohoes 103 98 112 8,209 6,910 8,273 14,831 10,290 11,031 6,655 4,006 5,123 Coming 45 57 49 2,074 2,355 1,600 3,050 3,084 2,273 2,186 2,009 1,353 Cortland 51 53 46 2,356 2,282 1,412 6,395 4,574 3,01.4 2,821 1,976 1,268 Dunkirk 57 38 41 2,756 3,395 2,533 6,576 9,909 5,226 3,368 5,160 2,211 Elmira 154 142 144 3,647 3,208 3,570 8,067 6,308 6,597 4,477 3,307 2,695 Fulton 2, 799 7,867 3,010 Oeneva 56 54 49 1,526 1,580 1,180 5; 154 4,952 2,716 2,163 1,956 1,066 Glens Falls 68 49 57 2,774 2,052 3,101 4,877 2,825 3,994 2, ,568 1,533 2,135 Gloversville 187 180 183 5,741 5,048 7,813 14,171 9,341 9,070 6,109 4,089 3,816 Homell 45 45 48 2,183 2,200 1,549 3,648 3, 163 2.431 1,770 1,699 1,123 Hudson 45 48 45 1,302 1,524 1,132 3,506 4,116 2,604 1,443 2,038 1,270 Ithaca 81 67 62 873 873 861 1,920 2,080 1,501 1,080 1,261 845 Jamestown 156 149 108 6, 789 5,237 4,528 14,720 10,350 7,731 7,336 6,099 3,937 Johnstown 138 ICO 115 2,589 2,426 3,695 6,574 4,543 5,123 2, 649 1,982 2,138 Kingston 99 96 109 3,281 2,636 2,042 5,986 4,812 3,952 3,404 2,700 2,049 Little Falls 55 49 52 4,211 2, 621 2,980 8,460 4, 471 4,071 3,537 1,936 1,838 Lockport 109 109 124 2,138 2, 323 2,359 8,168 5,808 5,353 2,818 2, 492 2,256 Middletown 59 SO 51 1 , 7:13 1,596 1,396 4,658 3,356 2,155 1,753 1,400 830 Mount Vernon 90 54 37 1,207 670 438 3,376 1,877 910 2,090 1,092 582 Newburgh 104 79 93 4, 344 4,013 3,074 9,928 7,036 5, 358 5,085 3, 760 2, 710 New Rochelle 42 28 25 735 517 198 1,669 1,103 508 855 641 230 New York 25,938 20, 839 19,243 554,002 464, 716 388, 586 2,029,693 1,526, 523 1,172,870 937,538 708, 494 538,660 Niagara Falls 156 85 93 6,089 4,574 2,840 28,652 16,916 8,540 14,381 7,724 3,652 North Tonawanda 81 38 34 2,824 2,025 1,656 9,600 6,499 6,294 3,211 1,965 2,050 Ogdensburg /o 55 74 1,2S'9 929 809 4,948 3,057 2, 261 1,440 794 760 Glean 54 41 47 2,259 1,175 1,793 10,005 4,677 6,210 2,277 1,380 1,395 Ossining village 34 356 1,329 863 Oswego" 81 77 75 3,817 3,746 3, 457 10; 413 7,592 7,487 4,310 2,875 3,175 PeekskiU village 52 46 37 2,055 1,957 1,281 7,888 7,252 1,783 4,946 4, 970 1,022 Plattsbiu-g 41 39 39 1,049 750 621 3,137 1,057 1,043 1,.392 547 519 Port Chester village 34 2,122 6,243 1,689 Poughkeepsie ....“. 111 108 118 3; 299 3,775 2,810 9; 151 7,207 5,576 5,284 3,674 2,595 Rensselaer 33 763 2,296 1,130 Rochester 1,203 1,109 1,221 39, 108 31,779 28,049 112,676 81,109 59,669 62; 002 43, 191 31,424 Rome 119 89 87 3,633 3,209 2,274 14,423 8,631 5,549 4,219 2,937 2,087 Saratoga Springs village 39 35 44 833 590 602 2,337 1,709 1,334 1,454 1,007 656 Schenectady 134 103 83 14,931 14,316 8,494 .38, 165 33,084 17, 605 16,213 16,587 7,680 Syracuse 738 637 630 18,148 14,554 11,809 49, 435 34,687 26,546 27,659 18,605 13,998 Troy 363 311 327 20,020 19,114 22.9.33 37,980 31,861 28, 7:19 22, 354 18.115 17,277 Utica 317 333 311 1,3,153 10,882 8.898 31.199 22,880 16, 479 14,553 10,106 8,285 Watertown 107 85 91 3,291 3,020 3,223 8,527 7,251 6,888 4,706 3,909 3,180 Watervliet 36 36 41 753 1,111 1,000 1,669 1,738 1,507 853 899 774 V^ite Plains village 33 249 816 444 Yonkers T 158 106 107 12, 711 9,779 7,555 59, 334 33,549 17, 304 i6,i:i2 10,219 7,762 North Carolina: Asheville 52 45 37 984 792 804 3,250 1,918 1,.300 955 671 479 Charlotte 108 73 57 4,199 2,234 2,787 10,460 4,850 4,187 3,929 1,981 1,583 Durham 61 3,718 23, 271 13,461 Greensboro 61 63 43 '952 1,098 677 2,031 1,744 926 925 766 418 Raleigh 55 42 39 1,023 585 549 2,376 1,087 947 1,100 575 514 Wilmington 64 53 50 1,213 1,594 1,.553 3,005 2,904 2,283 1,102 1,189 891 Winston 52 47 30 6,708 4,850 2,894 16,778 11,353 4,888 9,882 7,510 3,255 North Dakota: Fargo 61 47 36 510 386 307 2,477 1,161 1,231 1,067 606 448 Grand Forks 38 350 1.910 659 1 Does not include statistics for Lackawanna. ABSllUCT OF THE CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. CITfES OF ](),0()0 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1009, 1904, AND 1899— Continued, (See explanatory note on the fir^t page of this table.] Table 1 I H— Continue 52 49 1,934 1,995 1,474 4,788 3,707 2,749 2,498 2,125 1,486 Middletown 41 47 41 2,576 1,814 1,578 16,517 8,538 5,800 8,567 4,846 3,327 Newark 72 78 69 3,913 3,627 2,075 7,851 5,613 2,879 3,869 3,180 1,699 49 3,907 9,684 6,6G3 Piqua 82 70 68 2 ; 683 2,044 1,955 6;931 4,036 5,552 3,079 2,128 1,942 Portsmouth 75 81 100 3,728 4,072 4,153 7,277 6,645 6,6.59 3,383 3,125 3,254 Sandusky 91 93 81 2,118 2,323 1,453 5,947 4,879 2,834 3,112 2,743 1,627 Springfield 195 157 164 7,405 6,258 6,299 19,246 13,382 12,116 10,327 7,620 6,827 Steubenville 55 72 54 4,267 4,184 1,773 21,187 12,370 4,547 6,744 4,127 2,141 Tiffin To 87 75 1,632 1,645 1,238 3,254 2, 434 1,902 2,002 1,434 1,094 Toledo 760 697 445 18,878 15,697 12,747 61,230 44,501 31,976 27,146 19,035 12,579 Warren 68 53 44 1,798 1,505 1,832 5,988 4,414 4,585 2,924 2,366 2,042 Youngstown 115 113 103 10, 498 8,095 8,679 81,271 46,853 33,908 18,079 11,670 10,775 109 99 115 3,150 3,098 3,405 9,145 6,347 5,708 3,641 3,056 2,622 Okl.vhom.v: 30 364 1,867 582 05 303 2 , 453 646 Guthrie 34 34 33 282 333 241 1,443 1,200 649 496 499 312 29 180 451 256 04 381 2,279 801 Oklahoma City 171 89 36 1,398 720 220 7 ; 868 3,671 845 2,722 1,309 328 40 1,014 2,081 918 '462 Lscs 689 Oregon: Portland 649 437 408 12,214 8,171 5,380 46,801 28,651 16,904 20,785 11,627 6,727 02 597 2,208 1,031 Pf.nn.sylvania: Allentown 274 257 216 11,481 8,984 7,355 26,263 16,841 14,990 10,682 6,908 6,013 Altoona . 44 73 57 8,409 9,, 540 0,573 16,763 14,3.50 11,273 7,629 7,102 4, .390 Beaver Falls borough 44 42 47 2,180 2,232 2,174 6,400 4,908 6,229 3,385 2,666 2,370 49 1,583 3,712 1,382 Braddock borough 41 38 30 l',040 1,225 815 5 ; 094 4,125 4,091 i;747 1,387 1,526 Bradford 82 80 05 1,318 1,490 1,200 3,887 3,102 3,125 1,445 1,599 1,490 Butler borough 01 48 41 2,823 2,093 792 11,058 6,832 1,403 3, 464 2,172 883 Carbondale 34 32 26 1,503 1,475 1,023 2,523 2,316 1,146 1,270 1,203 676 Carlisle borough 50 48 39 1,334 1,340 1,121 2,496 1,98G i,708 1,065 857 661 19 422 3,099 6.58 Chambersburgljorough 57 47 44 1,364 843 612 2,4.56 1,085 815 1,286 516 337 Chester 128 131 121 6,986 7,061 6,972 19,373 16,645 14,940 7,797 6,223 6,369 Columbia borough r 47 44 53 2,773 3,034 2,519 4,807 3,887 4,214 2,136 1,434 1,042 39 1,035 1,971 1,154 Dubois borough 37 34 24 1,015 1,057 817 Esoo 2,607 1,708 904 882 015 Dunmore borough 18 15 18 1,308 1,133 614 1,851 1,460 1,132 1,181 910 642 Easton 126 97 106 3,388 2,720 3,202 6,015 5,050 6, 425 3,491 2,375 2, 232 Erie 391 261 260 9,796 8,415 8,032 24, 226 18,639 16,493 12,162 9,212 8,28,5 47 310 726 396 Harrisburg' 199 175 175 9,743 7,955 6,439 22,725 16,571 14,996 8,042 6,244 5,991 77 02 45 2,082 1,400 822 4,707 2,186 999 2,005 1,0.56 * 706 Homestead borough 26 27 15 171 '307 164 ' C.59 713 266 337 448 165 Johnstown 97 82 6, .500 3,322 2, 1.59 2,477 1,475 Pittsburgh 1,659 1,562 1,301 67,471 71,618 71,794 243,454 211,2,50 218, 198 94,927 .86,678 89,740 Pitlston 40 40 27 792 aso 357 1,969 1 , 475 998 902 747 375 ‘ I >oi's not include statistics for Lakewood. - U bile the population for 1900 was In excess of 10,000, statistics for that census are not available. 535 STATES, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Table 1 1 3 Continued. CITY. NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LE.S3 COST OF M.VTERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 19(M 1899 Pennsylvania— Continued . Plymouth borough 23 23 24 908 827 756 *1,179 *860 *533 *475 *413 *■292 Pottstown borough 78 77 65 3,6,50 3,457 2,681 12,505 8, 145 7,357 3, 506 2,707 2,512 Pottsville borough 91 79 77 2,872 1,904 1,699 9,138 5,806 4,830 3,211 1,781 1,400 Reading 482 402 403 24, 145 18,053 16,892 51,135 30,491 32,682 21,287 13,782 15,686 Scranton 293 258 247 12,851 10,912 11,139 26,385 20,453 24,742 12,083 9,200 7,522 Shamokin borough 39 48 46 1,623 897 762 3,544 1,444 1,147 1,415 418 447 Sharon borough 45 37 35 3,316 1,812 1,827 9,881 5,671 3,765 3.198 1,880 1,.501 Shenandoah borough 29 30 22 242 170 107 888 595 302 552 414 208 South Bethlehem borough 49 46 38 7,985 5,754 4,645 26, 417 15,275 9,964 10,450 8,014 5,102 18 18 4,656 4,762 15,746 14,034 4,996 4,098 Sunbury borough 39 32 29 2,069 i;457 908 4,450 2 ; 593 i;868 2,222 891 '710 41 335 1,347 '968 Warren borough..". 72 63 43 1,489 1,174 1,050 5 ; 744 4,666 3,681 2,068 1,947 1,527 75 2,126 4,837 2,390 West Cfiester borough 35 35 35 916 849 497 2 ; 146 2,121 859 1,479 i,447 543 Wilkes-Barre 176 129 138 7,553 5,920 4,749 13,526 11,000 8,617 7,093 5,735 4,308 Wilkinsburg borough 24 30 16 185 184 100 538 472 246 276 237 120 Williamsport 159 115 142 5,641 5,296 4,717 13,348 11.367 9,726 6,288 5,351 4,125 York 218 228 241 10,492 7,952 6,851 18,622 13,333 10,560 9,756 6,853 5,100 All other cities * 99 18,283 103,288 25,328 Rhode Island: Central Falls 43 33 36 2,475 2,443 2,372 5,471 5,091 4,511 2,090 1,761 1,785 Cranston 28 13 13 1,711 587 493 5,625 1,639 1,403 2,738 1,043 790 Cumberland town 29 19 10 5,359 4,574 1,500 9,827 5,965 1,756 5,209 2,858 1,164 East Providence town 26 21 15 2,041 1,381 836 7,146 5,544 5,347 2,086 1,290 1,059 Newport 54 46 43 726 849 881 1,379 1.347 1,.575 809 791 922 Pawtucket 217 186 191 15,275 12,054 10,712 37,696 25.847 19,272 16,156 11,735 9,295 Providence 1,080 881 929 46,381 39,804 38,368 120,241 91,981 78,657 55,471 42,008 36.106 W arwick town 49 37 27 6,471 6,153 5,465 10,589 7,052 6,020 5,195 3,204 3,579 Woonsocket 130 103 10.4 10,703 8,672 7,591 28,218 19,261 14,745 11,456 8,682 7,576 South Carolina: Charleston 116 108 104 2,874 3,450 3,187 6,951 6,007 5,713 2,722 2,259 2,206 Columbia 55 41 41 2,522 2,393 2,091 5,872 4,677 3,134 2,294 2,035 1,286 Greenville 41 36 22 1,182 1,204 770 2,142 1,677 967 914 576 249 Spartanburg 36 35 28 1,773 1,650 1,361 3,276 2,127 1,591 1,191 583 685 South Dakota: Aberdeen 37 295 1,575 564 Sioux Falls 83 61 48 677 465 311 2 ; 889 1,898 884 1,260 832 562 Tennessee: Chattanooga 185 177 149 6,410 6,420 4,729 16,036 14,261 10,518 7,602 6,787 4,097 Jackson 42 42 33 1,405 1,268 1,018 2,710 2,318 1,577 1,495 1,135 884 Knoxville 159 138 102 2,773 2,999 4,203 8,149 6,699 6,202 3,048 2,598 2,650 Memphis 329 289 223 7,927 7,374 6,626 30,242 20,043 14,233 12,391 8,704 6,354 Nashville 384 257 237 9,721 8,032 6,726 29,650 21,567 15,301 12,194 9,085 6,274 Texas: Austin 108 02 84 754 641 495 2,845 1,569 765 1,218 798 308 Beaumont 56 40 30 863 732 1,005 4,831 2,610 1,913 1,387 1,098 816 Brownsville 9 51 121 75 Cleburne 24 825 1,577 718 Dallas 305 247 177 4,882 3,445 2,842 26; 959 15,628 9,488 9,993 6,421 4,090 Denison 29 25 29 833 725 668 1,314 1,235 840 721 044 461 El Paso 88 54 38 1,752 1,158 716 3,637 2,378 1,213 2,141 1,247 674 Fort Worth 147 102 68 2,0.59 1,423 943 8,661 5,668 3,488 3,395 2,479 1,.341 Galveston 81 67 100 1,094 761 1,422 6,308 2,997 3,675 2,041 1,398 1,650 Homston 249 209 145 5,338 5,056 3,188 23,015 13,564 7,492 8,694 5,947 3,297 Laredo 23 18 14 213 515 372 221 454 331 147 258 192 Marshall 22 977 1,787 984 Palestine 20 17 19 745 544 48i i;3i3 735 704 691 430 355 Paris 45 29 27 541 210 263 1,4.30 855 743 568 327 282 San Angelo 26 115 318 185 San Antonio 194 141 iis 3,105 2,457 2,683 13,435 7,402 5,989 6,483 3,661 3,038 Sherman 36 39 31 273 307 314 4,676 2,641 1.461 629 492 391 Temple 37 366 1,346 512 Tyler 23 21 16 484 368 431 '996 629 682 4.59 318 330 Waco 92 76 80 1,033 947 1,004 4,769 2,980 2,294 1,804 1,201 968 Utah: Ogden 68 63 51 1,323 1,013 678 3,713 2,507 1,242 1,648 1,109 563 Salt Lake City 245 192 1.54 4,287 2,776 2,154 13,351 7,544 4,279 6,736 4,029 2,302 Vermont: Barre 139 105 146 2,340 2,198 1,875 3,852 3,373 2,761 2, 744 2,464 1,978 Burlington 82 67 78 2,371 2,300 2,232 6,800 6,356 6,066 2,477 2,552 2, 772 Rutland 63 51 61 1,636 1,803 1,496 2,680 2,523 1,9,59 1,473 1,361 1,124 Virginia:* Alexandria 54 51 57 1,470 1,291 859 4,420 2,187 1,539 1,689 1,195 869 Danville 52 34 46 3,076 3,018 2,933 5,389 4,775 3,694 2, 153 2,009 1,827 Lynchburg 82 55 61 4,026 2,534 1,487 10, 188 4,965 2,994 3,720 2,0^ 1,469 Norfolk 215 121 140 4,749 2,935 2,638 10,341 5,739 4,692 4,859 2,537 2, 150 Petersburg 72 72 77 3,887 3,288 3,608 8,896 5,891 5,293 3,137 2,097 2, 178 Portsmouth 31 28 22 842 551 471 1,528 945 960 752 459 346 Richmond 380 300 276 14,849 12,444 13,715 47,358 27,745 24,669 23, 106 13,982 13,184 Roanoke 62 54 38 3,544 3,089 2,431 i 7,261 5,545 5,398 3,217 2,313 1,805 Staunton 44 339 1.223 327 > Included in “all other cities” for 1909. • Includes: Coatesville, Duquesne, Monessen, North Braddock, Old Forge, South Sharon, and Steelton boroughs, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. • Does not include statistics for Newport News. 536 ABSTRACT OF TIIP: CENSUS— MANUFACTURES CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR OVER— NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS, AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, AND VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE: 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. [See explanatory note on the first page of this table.] Vatile 1 1 3— Continued. CITY. NUMBER OF ESTAB- LISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER EARNERS. OF WAGE VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFAC- TURE (VALUE OF PRODUCTS LESS COST OP MATERIALS). Expressed in thousands. 1909 1904 1899 1!H)9 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Washington: Aberdeen 43 1,509 $3, 590 418 Bellingham 96 73 47 1,566 1,314 1,502 ■4', 600 $3,294 $2,629 2,178 $1,643 $1,076 Everett 94 2,375 7,423 3,564 North Yakima 36 '602 2', 175 1,225 Seattle 751 467 352 11,331 6,390 4,440 50,569 25, -106 15,323 21; 884 11,048 6,459 Spokane 280 188 84 3,989 2,428 1,060 18,880 8,831 3,756 8,637 4, 131 1,723 Tacoma 276 236 174 5,765 4,457 3,552 22, 450 14,264 10,301 8,734 6,107 3,960 Walla Walla 48 33 34 388 242 213 2,317 1,486 964 932 557 343 West Virginia: Bluefield 15 670 1,465 576 Charleston 03 54 48 951 887 686 3', 235 2,101 1,262 1,098 1,103 603 Huntington 67 44 29 3,156 2,229 1,717 6,511 4,407 3,642 3,129 1,731 1,144 Martinsburg 39 1,420 2,516 1,239 Parkersburg 75 68 72 i;495 1,444 1,237 5,499 3,778 3,101 1,939 1,290 1,215 f. Wheeling 176 195 178 7,809 7,127 6,190 27,077 21,797 15,074 11,052 9,308 6,668 Wisconsin: Appleton 97 108 88 2,125 2,486 1,561 6,734 6,673 3,861 2,477 2,647 1,504 Ashland 38 37 41 1,116 1,361 1,812 2,748 4.210 3,600 1,262 2,018 2,084 Beloit 51 44 43 2,986 2,471 1,845 5,886 4,485 2,800 3,447 2,650 1,462 Eau Claire 75 73 64 2,524 1,985 1,758 5,856 3,602 3,876 2,881 1,803 1,764 Fond du Lae 97 85 74 2,707 2,566 1,520 8,227 5,600 2,861 3,153 2,289 1,226 Green Bay 102 103 79 2,579 2,111 1,427 6,235 4,873 2,709 2,342 2,177 1,346 Janesville 78 73 72 1,451 1,348 1,398 5,156 3,846 3,184 2,279 1,790 1,415 Kenosha 62 45 38 6,449 4,354 3,090 23,182 12,363 7,334 8,409 4,971 2,311 La Crosse 151 150 131 3,329 2,644 2,763 14, 103 8,139 7,677 6,306 3,414 3,032 Madison 116 84 69 1,792 1,476 1,365 5,467 3,291 2,689 3,130 1,998 1,551 Manitowoc 80 76 62 1,525 1,321 975 5,939 4,428 1,935 1,976 1,488 1,099 Marinette 43 37 45 1,491 1,645 2,485 3,309 3,633 4,411 1,606 2,052 2,697 Milwaukee 1,764 1,527 1,419 59,502 43,366 41,220 208,324 137,995 110,854 87,703 66,892 51,160 Oshkosh 159 134 129 5,778 4,840 4,226 14,739 8,652 8,081 7,658 4,220 3,799 Kacine 142 148 135 8,381 6,504 6,138 24,673 16, 459 11,676 13,161 9,316 5,750 Sheboygan 109 96 80 5,988 5,903 4,992 11,299 9,751 6,907 5,210 4,198 3,195 Superior 99 72 75 1,847 1,343 1,765 6,574 6,357 6,836 2,302 1,709 1,810 Wausau 67 58 56 2,092 1,945 1,716 6,287 4,645 3,381 2,962 2,096i 1,473 Wtoming: Cheyenne 22 18 17 853 552 423 1,577 925 722 970 617 433 All other cities > 142 54 71 16,331 8,401 6,892 82,537 22,346 15,272 22,218 11,389 6,666 1 Includes Gary, Ind., Great Falls, Mont., Lackawanna, N. Y., Lakewood, Ohio, and Newport News, Va., in 1909, and Great Falls, Mont., and Newport News, Va. in 1904 and 1899. MINES AND QUARRIES Chapter 16.— STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES FOR INDUSTRIES AND STATES. (537) i f .««• • I ('ll A I' THU IG. STATIiSTlOS OF IIIMCS AM) (H'AHKIES FOI! INDUSTRIES AND STATES. Introduction. — Tliis chapter contains a summary of tho statistics of mining for the United States for the (Calendar year 1909, as showni the Thirteenth t’ensus. The statistics relate both to mines in the narrower sense and to quarries and petroleum and gas wells, but for brevity all these enterprises are often called mines,” using the term in its broad sense. The principal statistics of mining industries derived from the census inquiry are given in a series of general tables at the end of the chapter. Table 25 gives a ■comparative summary of the results of the inquiries of 1909 and 1902, comparing for each geographic divi- sion and state the expenses of operation and develop- ment, the primary power, and the value of products. Table 26 gives a similar comparative summary for teach industry. Table 27 gives for the several geo- graphic divisions and for each state the number of operator; the number of mines, quarries, or wells; •capital; expenses of operation and development; num- ber of persons engaged in the industry; acreage of land ■controlled; primary power; and value of products. Table 28 gives similar information for each industry. Table 29 gives information similar to that contained in Table 28 for nonproducing mines, quarries, and •wells, in wliich operations are as yet confined to devel- opment work. The explanatory text deals almost exclusively with the producing mines, quarries, and wells, and gives for all mining industries combined and for a number of the more important industries separately further statistics amphfying the figures given in the general tables, together with averages, percentages, etc., derived from the figures in those tables. In order to avoid any misapprehension as to the significance of the statistics here published, it seems advisable to offer a few brief explanations of the terms used in the census of imning industries. Scope of census. — The Thirteenth Census covered all classes of onines and quarries that were in operation during any portion of the year 1909, both those which were producing and those whose •operations were confined to development work, and petroleum and gas wells that were in operation at the end of that year. Mines, •quarries, or wells that were idle during the entire year 1909 were •omitted from the cauvass. The following operations were likewise omitted from the canvass: Prospecting; the digging or dredging of sand and gravel for the construction of roads and for building •operations; the production of mineral waters; and the operation of small bituminous coal banks producing less than 1,000 tons an- ^lualh^ l\Tiere the mineral products are not marketed in their crude condition, but are dressed or washed at the mine or quarry^ the statistics of mining cover the entire work of obtaining the crude material and its preparation for the market. Period covered. — The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year’s operations, except for enterprises which began or discontinued business during the year. Number of operators. — As a rule, the unit of enumeration was the “operator.” Every individual, firm, or corporation was required to furnish one report for all mines, quarries, or wells which were operated under the same management, or for which one set of books of account was kept. Where several mines, quarries, or wells managed separately were owned by the same operator, it was optional with the operator to furnish one report for all his operations, or a separate report for each of his properties. Separate reports were obtained for all properties operated in different states, even where they were owned by the same operator. Likewise, where the operations of one individual, firm, or corporation covered more than one class of mines and quarries, such as coal, iron, limestone, etc., a separate report was received for each industry. The total number of operators, accordingly, as shown by the original returns, included a small amount of duplication. As far as practicable, all duplications of this character within the same industry were eliminated by the consolidation of the reports for the same operator. All such duplications have been eliminated for the coal, petroleum and natural gas, iron, and copper industries. Number of mines, quarries, and wells. — This figure represents the total number of mines and quarries in operation or in the course of development at any time during the calendar year 1909, or the business year that corresponds most nearly to that calendar year, and the number of completed petroleum and natural gas wells in operation on December 31, 1909. In most mining and quarrying industries the number of mines or quarries varies liut little from the number of operators, the principal variations being found in the mining of anthracite coal, iron, and copper, with an average of more than two mines per operator; in the mining of tungsten, with an average of more than five mines per operator; and in the quanying of gypsum, with an average of nearly three quarries per operator. In the production of petroleum and natural gas there was an average of more than twenty wells to one operator. Expenses of operation and development. — A certain amount of development work is incident to the operation of every mine. The expenses reported for producing mines include the cost both of operation and of development work which was done in connection with operation. Wages. — The amount shown as wages includes only the com- pensation of regular wage earners hired by the day, week, or month, or under the piecework system. There Ls a class of miners variously known under the local names of “leasers,” “block lessees,” etc., who are compensated by a share of the product. The compensation of such miners is included under the pajunents for ‘ ‘ Contract work ” in the general tables. Supplies and materials. — This item includes the cost of lumber and timber used for repairs, mine supports, track ties, etc.; iron and steel for blacksinithing; rails, frogs, sleepers, etc., for tracks; (. 539 ) 540 ABSTRACrr OF THE CENSUS— MINING. reripwalflof tools and machinery and materials for repairs; and sup- plies, explosives, oil, etc., as well as the cost of fuel and the rent of power. The schedule called only for the cost of such BU})plie8 and materials as haIies to the figures lor other months, some of which were reported for 1908 and others for 1910. The statistics of the number of wage earners must, therefore, be regarded as ajiproximations; they are sudiciently close, however, for juiriioses of general comparisou. ers in mining operations jtroper. It will be noted, moreover, that the rejtorted mimber of boys under 16 years of age, 8,151, is less than 1 per cent of the whole number of wage earners employed. Table lO CLASS. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PRODUCING enterprises: U)09 Total. Male. Female. AU classes Proprietors and officials Proprietors and firm members Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Cierks and other salaried employees 1,139,332 1.135,528 3.804 49,374 47,931 l,44:t 29, 922 5,657 13, 795 24, 675 1.065,283 28, 571 5,577 13, 783 22,314 1,06.5,283 1,351 80 12 2,361 16 years of age and over Under 16 years of age 1,057,132 8,151 1,057,132 8,151 Distribution by industrial status. — Table 11 shows for I all mining industries and for the nine most important j industries separately the distribution of the persons j engaged in producing enterprises according to general I character of occupation or industrial status, together with the percentage that each class forms of the total. [ Table 1 1 PERSON.S EXG.^GED IN PRODUCING ENTERPRISES: 1909 Number. Per cent of total. INDUSTRY. Total. Pro- prie- tors and offi- cials. Clerks and other sala- ried em- ploy- ees. W age earn- ers. Pro- prie- tors and offi- cials. Clerks and other sala- ried em- ploy- ees. Wage earn- ers. All Industries ... 1.139,332 49,374 24.675 1,085,283 4.3 2.2 93.5 Coal 770,681 12. 935 14,453 743, 293 1.7 1.9 96.4 Anthracite 178,004 1.315 3,185 173,504 0.7 1.8 97.5 Bituminous Petroleum and natural 592,077 11,020 11,268 569,789 2.0 1.9 9ti.l gas 62, 172 19.353 2,988 39,831 31.1 4.8 64.1 Copper 55,2,58 661 1,454 53,143 1.1 2.7 96.2 Iron 55, 176 1.109 1.837 52,230 2.1 3.3 94. I> Precious metals 43,191 4,508 868 37,815 10.4 2.0 87.6 Lead and zinc 24,397 2,525 269 21,603 37,695 10.4 1.1 88.5 Limestone 41,029 2,645 689 6.4 1.7 91.9 Granite 22,211 1.'248 402 20,561 5.6 1.8 92.6 Phosphate rock 8, .573 214 173 8,186 2.5 2.0 95.5 Of the whole number of jiersons engaged in produc- ing enterprises, 4.3 per cent were proprietors and officials, 2.2 per cent were clerks and other salaried employees, and 93.5 per cent were wage earners. The proportion of projirietors and officials ranges, among the industries given, from 1.1 per cent in the copper industry to 31.1 jier cent in the petroleum and natu- ral gas industry. lairge ])ro])ortions for jiroprietoi-s and ollicials occur also in the production of the pre- cious metals and of lead and zinc. In the anthracite branch of the coal industry ])roprietors and officials formed only 0.7 ])er cent of all persons engaged in the industry. The range of difference with res|)ect to the proportion of clerks is much less than with respect to the proportion of projuietors and officials. INDlISI’llIlOS AND OTATJ^:S. 549 Proprietors performing manual labor, — Table 12 gives, for the principal mining industries, the number of ])ropriotors and firm nu'imbcrs compared with the number and i)ercontage who j)erform manual labor. Table 12 PROPRIETORS AND FIRM MEMBERS IN PRODUCING enterprises: ltM)9 INDUSTRY. Total. Performing manual labor. Number. Per cent. All Industries 29,922 8,861 29.6 Coal, 'biturainoiis 3.';39 1,713 45.8 Petroleum and natural gas 16,213 2,155 13.3 Precious metals: Placer mines 951 673 70.8 Deep mines 2,011 951 47.3 Lead and zinc 1,947 1,171 60.1 Limestone 1,634 640 39.2 730 318 43.6 Mine operators of the (dd type who operate their mines v'ithout the assistance of hired help or with little help are still quite numerous, as appears from the fact that out of a total of 29,922 proprietors and firm members in 1909, 8, SOI, or lu^arly tbree-tenlhs, wore personally performing manual labor in or about their enterprises. The industries in which proj)rietors of this type were relatively the most numerous include bituminous coal mining, in which 45.8 ])er cent of the proprietors and firm members were performing manual labor; lead and zinc mining, and placer mining (surface gold washing), in each of which industries a majority of the proj)rietors were working in their own mines; and deep gold and silver mines, in which nearly one-half of all proj)rietors belonged to this class. There are also a considerable number of proprietors and firm members performing manual labor in the petroleum and natural gas industry, but as the whole number of proprietors and firm members is very large, they constitute a comparatively small percentage of the total. Wage earners by occupation. — Table 13 gives for all mining industries and for the nine most important industries separately the number of wage earners in producing mines classified by specific occupation and by age group, distinguishing those who work above and those who work below ground. Table 13 CLASS OF wage EARNERS. All mining industries. COAL. Petro- leum and natural gas. Copper. Iron. Precious metals. I.ead and zinc. Lime- stone. Granite. Phos- phate rock. Total. 1 Bitu- [ minous. Anthra- cite. All wage earners (producing enterprises only) 1,065,283 743,293 569,789 173.504 39.831 53.143 52,230 37, 815 21,603 37,695 20,561 8.186 Men 16 years of age and over 1,057,132 736,325 566,068 170,257 39, 820 53,077 51,741 37,803 21,573 37,572 20, 474 8,119 103, 519 42,098 29,820 12,272 27,063 6,860 7,073 5,710 3, 745 3,224 1,921 3,049 Miners, ininers’ helpers, quarrymen, and 627,513 467,179 384, 023 83,156 28, 570 24,926 21,855 12,552 25,748 14,290 4,375 .A. 11 other wage earners 326; 100 227 ; 048 152 ', 219 74,829 12,757 17 ; 647 19 ; 742 10 ; 238 5 ; 276 si 600 4 ; 263 2 ; 695 Boys under 16 years of age 8,151 6,968 3,721 3,247 11 66 489 12 30 123 87 67 Above ground, total 366,962 142,843 94,090 48, 753 39,831 22,481 24,889 15,333 8,062 37,695 20, 561 7,925 Men 16 years of age and over 361,928 138,792 93, 273 45,519 39,820 22,420 24,569 15,324 8,037 37,572 20,474 7,858 Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc 93,586 34, 141 24,389 9,752 27, 063 0, 238 6,597 5,112 3,584 3,224 1, 921 1,049 Miners, miners’ helpers, quarrymen, and 78,380 1,269 4,736 2, 870 427 25, 748 14,290 4,117 All other wage earners 189', 962 104,651 68,884 35,767 12,757 14 ; 913 13 ; 236 7 ; 342 4,026 8; 600 4,263 2 ; 692 Boys under 16 years of age 5,034 4,051 817 3,234 11 61 320 9 25 123 87 67 698, 321 600, 450 475, 699 124, 751 30, 662 27, 341 22, 482 13,541 261 695', 204 597 ; 533 472, 795 124 ; 738 30l 657 27^172 22 ) 479 13)536 261 9, 933 7,957 5, 437 2 , 520 '622 ' 476 '598 ' 161 549 ; 133 467,179 384,023 SS^ISG 27,301 20,190 18,985 12,125 258- 136', 138 122,397 83^335 39^062 2 , 734 6)506 2 ) 89() 1)250 3 3,117 2 ; 917 2 ; 904 13 5 '169 3 This table gives further information in regard to the employment of boys under 16 years of age. Only eight-tenths of 1 per cent of the wage earners in all mining industries were boys under 16 years of age, and of these only three-eighths were employed below ground. The largest number of boys under 16 years of age (3,721) were employed in bituminous coal mining, though 3,247 were employed' in the anthracite coal- mining industry, where they formed nearly 2 per cent of the whole number of wage earners — a higher per- centage than in any other industry shown in the table. Most of the boys in the anthracite coal indus- try, however, were employed above ground. In none of the other industries shown in the table did the ])ro- portion of boys under 16 3*ears ci age reach 1 percent of the whole number of wage earners. Miners and miners’ helpers, quarry men, and stone- cutters constitute the most numerous class of wage earners, forming, in 1909, 58.9 per cent of the whole number employed in all industries combined. The proportion of miners and miners’ helpers reached 67.4 per cent in the bituminous coal industry and 47.9 per cent in anthracite coal mining. It was about the same in the iron mines, but somewhat greater in the other industries employing miners. In tbe limestone and granite industries quarrymen and stonecutters are naturally the largest numerical group. The wage earners included under the heading of “Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc.,” constituted 9.7 per cent of all wage earners employed in mining in 1909. The ])roportion was lowest in the coal in- dustry, where such wage earners formed 5.7 per cent 550 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. of tlie total, and liighest in tlio petroleum and natural gas industry, where they constituted G7.9 ))er cent. The miscellaneous group “All other wage earners,” which is composed mostly of unskilled laborers, com- prised 30. G j)cr cent of all wage earners em])loycd. The ])ro})ort ion in this class was largest in anthracite coal mining (43.1 per cent) and smallest in the granite industry (20.7 j)er cent). In all mining industries about one-third of (he wage earners (34.4 ])er cent) were employed above ground and about two-thirds (G.'i.G j)er cent) below ground Idle two branches of the coal-mining industry have a larger proportion of their wage earners below ground than any other mining industry. In the phosphate rock industry only 3.2 per cent of the wage earners were employed below ground, while tliree of the indus- tries named in the table — the ])etroleum and natural gas, hmestone, and granite industries — are exclusively surface industries. Contract work. — In addition to the work performed by wage earners regularly engaged in mining and by the proprietors who contribute their own labor to the operation of the mines, a portion of the work inci- dent to mining is done by contract. The number of wage earners employed by contractors can not be ascertained, because the work is temporary and the same men after completing one job are shifted to another place. A special form of contract work com- mon in certain metalliferous mines is the workmg of mines in return for a share of the product. Under this system a miner “leases” a block in a mine on a royalty basis; the product is delivered by him to the mine owner, who disposes of it, deducts the royalty, and pays the “lessee” his share. In the operation of petroleum and natural gas wells, httle labor is required. This condition has called into existence a special class of mechanics who contract with individual operators to take care of their properties, devoting to each prop- erty only a part of their time. The relative importance of work done under con- tract, as compared wdth the work performed by regu- lar wage earners, is shown by a comparison of the total amount paid out in wages with the total expenditure for contract work. WTiile the total wages paid in the United States in 1909 amounted to .f58G,774,000, the total expenditure for contract work amounted to $28,888,000, which included $3,798,000 paid to miners compensated by a share of the product, and $1,035,000 paid to part-time men for taking care of petroleum and natural gas wells. There were 3,2G1 operators, or 1G.4 per cent of the total number in the United States, whose properties were operated exclusively by contract work, as delined above. This form of operation was more or less general with operators of petroleum and natural gas wells, of whom 3,021, or 38.8 per cent, belonged to this class. Next in point of numbers wei’c 104 opei’ators of deep mines of pre- cious metals, or G.5 per cent of all operators engaged in that industry, who employed contract labor exclu- sively. In all other industries combined this class in- cluded only 13G o{)erators, or 1.3 per cent of the total. Number of persons employed, by months. — Table 14 shows the number of wage earners reported for the 15th of each month in producing enterprises in all mining industries combined and^in coal mining sep- arately, the latter industry, as already noted, includ- ing nearly 70 per cent of all wage earnem in producing enterprises. Table 14 WAGE E.AKNEBS IN PRODUCING ENTERPRISES: 1909 MONTH. All mining industries. Coal. 1 All other mining industries. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. January 940,119 91.9 691,244 94.8 248, .875 80.7 February 936, 418 91.5 686,322 94.1 250,096 81.2 March 943, 493 92.2 679,791 93.2 263,702 85.5 AprQ 928,503 90.8 649,870 89.1 278, 693 90.4 May 937,002 91.6 646,592 88.7 290,410 94.2 June 949,615 92.8 652,894 89.5 296,721 96.2 July 961,940 94.0 659, 434 90.4 302,506 98.1 August 971,263 95.0 667, 146 91.5 304,117 98.6 September 993,075 97.1 685, 234 94.0 307,841 99.8 October 1,013,326 99.1 704,939 96.7 308, 387 100.0 November 1, 022, 885 100.0 720,341 98.8 302, 544 98.1 December 1,013,895 99.1 729, 273 100.0 284,622 92.3 For all industries combined the largest number of wage earners, 1,022,885, was reported for November and the smallest, 928, 5G3, or 90.8 per cent of the maxi- mum, for April. The figure for April, however, is only slightly below the figures for the three preceding months of the year. From April to November the number increased gradually, but December showed a slight falling off. In coal mining the month of greatest activity was December, and that of least activity was May, when the number employed was equal to 88.7 per cent of the number employed in December. From May to December there was a steady increase in the number of wage earners employed. It should be noted that the figures in this table furnish only a most unsat- isfactory indication of the regularity of employment. In the coal-mining industry in })articular many mines operate only part of the days each week or each month, and while the number of wage earners on the rolls on the 15th of the month (which is more often reported than the number actually drawing pay) may be sub- stantially the same from month to month, yet the average number of days each miner works during the year may be much less than the ])ossible number of working days. In other words, there is a good deal of unemployment so distrihuted through the year as not to cause much fluct uation in (he monthly returns. For the princij)al industries Table 15 shows the month of maximum and of minimum emjiloyment, the number rej)orted for each of these months, and the j)ercentagc which the minimum represents of the maximum. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 551 Table 15 WAGE EARNERS IN PRODUCING ENTERPRISES: INDUSTRT. Maximum. Minimum. Month. Number. Month. Number. Per cent of maxi- iiiuin. AU industries Nov . . . 1, 022. 885 Apr 928,563 90.8 Coal Dec 729, 27:i May 640, 592 88.7 Anthracite Mar 173,025 Aug.... 165, 740 95.8 Bituminous Dec 500, 089 May 478, 455 85. 4 Petroleum and natural gas Nov 39.9.32 Feb.... 33,521 8,3.9 Copper Oct 53,148 Dec 50, 151 94. 4 Iron Oct.... 51,055 Jan 43, 491 85.2 Precious metals July.... 33,809 Dec 30,751 90.8 Lead and zinc Dec 18, ,374 Jan 15,330 83.4 Limestone Sept. .. 37,209 Jan 17,908 48,1 Granite Sept . . . 21,899 Jan 13,732 62.7 Phosphate rock July.... 8,114 Oct 7,610 93.8 The coal industry is divided in this table into its two constituent branches. Anthracite mining shows greater regularity of employment from month to month than bituminous mining. It will be noted that the months of maximum and minimum employment for the two branches do not correspond. For the remaining industries the month of maximum employ- ment is generally in the fall of the year except in the case of the production of precious metals and of phos- phate rock, where it is July. The quarrying indus- tries, limestone and granite quarrying, show a wide divergence between the months of maximum and mini- mum employment, due to the fact that they are sur- face industries and much affected by weather condi- tions. For both industries the smallest number of wage earners was reported for January. Prevailing hours of labor. — ^In Table 16 producing mines and quarries have been classified according to the prevailing hours of labor per day in each enterprise. Petroleum and natural gas wells are not included in this table, because many of them are operated without hired labor, or by men who give to each enterprise only a part of their time. Neither are those enter- prises included in which all labor is performed by contractors. The table shows the percentage of the total number of enterprises falUng into each group, and a percentage distribution in which each enterprise has been given a weight according to the total number of wage earners employed on December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day. It should be clearly borne in mind that these latter percentages do not show pre- cisely the proportion of the total number of wage earn- ers working the specified number of hours per day, since in many cases some of the employees work a greater oi* less number of hours than those generally prevailing in the enterprise. The table shows that about one-haif of the enterprises have adopted the 8-hour day, while the other half are operated on a 9-hour or 10-hour basis. There is considerable variation in this respect among the several mining industries. The prevailing hours are 8 or less per shift in more than nine-tenths of the deep gold and silver min es, more than five-sixths of the copper mines, about three- fourths of the lead and zinc mines, more than two- tliirds of the bituminous coal mines, about three-fifths of the placer mines, and slightly less than one-half of the granite quarries. The 9-hour sliift is predominant in anthracite coal mines and the 10-hour day in iron mines, limestone quarries, and the phosphate rock in- dustry. In very few mines do the prevailing hours exceed 10 per sliift, the only conspicuous exception being the phosphate rock industry, in wliich 11 or 12 hours per sliift constitute the prevailing hours for over one-fourth of the enterprises. Table 16 ENTERPRISES. Percent distribu- INDUSTRY AND HOURS PER DAY. Number. Per cent. tion of enter- prises weighted according to num- ber of wage earners. All Industries 12,192 6,876 1,822 100.0 100.0 48.2 44.5 9 hours 14.9 26.9 10 hours 4,393 31 36.0 27.5 0.3 0.3 70 0.6 0.8 Coal, anthracite 353 100.0 100.0 8 hours and under 13 3.7 1.7 9 hours 289 81.9 97.9 10 hours 50 14.1 0.4 12 hours 1 0.3 0 ) 100.0 Coal, bituminous 4,284 2,922 554 100.0 8 hours and under 68.2 59.5 9 hours 12.9 13.9 804 18.8 25.7 4 0.1 0.9 Copper 200 100.0 100.0 8 hours.*.”. 170 85.0 81.8 17 8.5 12.5 12 6.0 5.3 1 0.5 0.3 Iron 293 100.0 100.0 8 hours 15 6.1 3.9 9 hours 19 6.5 3.9 10 hours 254 86.7 90.4 11 hours 4 1.4 1.5 12 hours 1 0.3 0.3 Precious metals. Deep mines 1,302 1, 192 100.0 100.0 8 hours and under 91.6 95.4 9 hours 49 3.8 2.7 45 3.5 1.7 12 hours 16 1.2 0.2 Precious metals. Placer mines 485 100.0 100.0 8 hours and under 288 59.4 69.5 9 hours 46 9.5 12.2 10 hours 138 28.5 15.0 11 hours 4 0.8 1.6 12 hours 9 1.9 1.7 Lead and zinc 807 100.0 100.0 597 74.0 82. 1 9 hours 130 16.1 8.0 70 8.7 9.6 11 hours 1 0.1 0.2 12 hours 9 1.1 0.1 Limestone 1,544 120 100.0 100.0 7.8 3.4 187 12.1 6.3 10 hours 1,231 4 79.7 88.8 11 hours 0.3 0.4 12 hours 2 0.1 1.1 Granite 692 100.0 100.0 8 hours 332 48.0 54.6 171 24.7 18.5 188 27.2 26.7 11 hours 1 0.1 0.2 69 100.0 100.0 1 1.4 0 ) 67.5 50 72.5 8 11.6 11.8 10 14.5 20.7 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 552 ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. LAND TENURE. In mining, as in agriculture, the land is the source from wliich wealth is drawn, and the control of land is an important factor in mining operations. The Thii'tecnth Census was the first at which the inquiry into land tenure was extended to all branches of the mining industry. Table 17 gives, for all mining indus- tries combined and for the nine most important in- dustries separately, statistics of the land controlled, distinguishing the character of the land and also the form of tenure. Tabic 17 ACREAGE OF LAND CONTROLLED BF PRODDCrNG ENTERPRISES: 1!>09 INDUSTRY. .4,11 land. Mineral and oil land. Timber land. Other land. Total. Owned. TIeld under lease. Per cent owmed. Total. Owned. Held under lease. All industries 24,215,611 1 9,389,121 1 14, 838, 179 38.8 21,414,662 2 6,920,673 2 14,504,964 1,138,901 1, 662, 048 8, 182, 749 46.5, 1.34 > 5,9.52,110 1 316, 867 I 2,242,328 1 159,9,56 6,847,545 274,359 2 4,7.32,556 2 183,144 2 2,125,964 2 102, 190 43.5,216 71,851 899,988 118,924 Anthracite 68. i Bituminous 7,717,615 5,63.5,243 2,082 372 73.0 6,573,186 4,549,412 2,023,774 363,365 781,064 Petroleum and nattual gas Copper 12,694,838 275,598 686, 268 270, 771 12,008,570 4,827 5.4 98.2 12,694,838 126,851 686,268 122, 798 12,008.570 4,053 57,781 90,966 Iron 1,313,214 1,064,227 248.987 81.0 387,608 282,661 104, 947 456,682 468,924 Precious metals 588,263 • 461, 158 127, 10.5 78.4 469,455 397,097 72,358 33,745 85,063 Lead and zinc 125,322 102,569 22, 753 .81.8 103,55.5 81,418 22, 137 29,378 7,513 10, 120 11,647 128, 495 51.398 96,084 42,960 32,411 74.8 88,152 39,548 58,774 32,035 9,176 3,266 31, 167 8,584 Granite 8' 438 83.6 Phosphate rock 340,697 327, 726 12,971 96.2 243, 221 230,405 12,816 92,580 4,896 ‘ Inclusive of 11.689 acres reported both in acreage owned and acreage held under lease. 2 Inclusive of 10,975 acres reported both in acreage owned and acreage held under lease. Tlie total acreage of all land controlled by producing enterprises was 24,216,000 acres. Of course, not all of this area was in actual use, large tracts being held in reserve. The greater part of this land was mineral and oil land, but there were 1,139,000 acres of timber land and 1,662,000 acres of other land. Under these two headings are comprised land which had not been prospected and whose mineral resources were still un- known, as well as some land used for building and other purposes. In comparing the statistics of land controlled for different industries or different states, it should be noted that the area of land is not necessarily an index of the importance of the holdings, as some land is far more rich in minerals than other land. Of the total area controlled by operators of mining enterprises in 1909, more than one-half was connected with the petroleum and natural gas industries. Of the remainder, by far the largest part Avas reported for the coal industry. Tlie holdings of the bituminous mines are far more extensive in comparison witli the value of the products of those mines than tliose of the anthracite mines. The holdings of land by operators of iron mines are also very considerable. Some indication of the amount of reserve land lield in the different industries is afforded by the propor- tion reported under the description of “Timber land” and “Other land.” This proportion is greatest in the iron industry. Of the total amount of land controlled by mine operators, 38.8 per cent was owned by the operators themselves and the remainder held under lease. The petroleum and natural gas industry, in which most of the land is held under lease, presents a marked con- trast to all the other industries shown in the table. Excluding the land controlled in the jietroleum and natural gas industry, operators in other mining indus- tries controlled 11,521,000 acres, of which 8,703,000 acres, or 75.5 per cent, were owned by the operators. The two industries showing the ividest departure from this proportion are the copper industry, in which the operators owned 98.2 per cent of the land controlled, and the phosphate rock industry, where the proportion of land owned was 96.2 per cent. The proportions owned in the coal industry and its two branches — 72.7 per cent for the industry as a whole, 68.1 per cent for the anthracite branch, and 73 per cent for the bituminous branch — fell somewhat below the propor- i tion given above for all mining industries exclusive of I (he petroleum and natural gas industry. FORM OF ORGANIZATION. Table 18 on the next page has for its purpose the presentation of conditions with respect to the form of organization of producing mining enterprises for all mining industries combined and the nine leading industries separately. The most important distinction brought out by the table is that between corporate and all other forms of organization. Among 19,915 operators of producing mines, quarries, and wells, 7,041, or 35.4 per cent, were corporations. These iiKjorporated enterprises, INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 553 howe,vcr, employed 90.6 per cent of the Wii"e earners engaged in mining enterprises, and reported 91.4 per cent of the total value of products. Individuals formed 32.1 per cent of tlie whole number of o])erators, hut they employed only 3.9 per cent of the wage earners and are credited with oidy 3 per cent of the total value of ])roducts. The proportions for firms differ hut little from those for individuals, being slightly less in the case of the number of operators and slightly greater in the case of the number of wage earners and the value of products. Moreover, it may be noted that while the average value of products was SI 60,832 per operator for corporations, it was only S9,136 for firms and only S5,723 for individuals. Corporations constituted a majority of the opera- tors in the phosphate rock industry (88.2 per cent), the iron industry (73.3 per cent), the copper indus- try (67.4 per cent), and the coal industry (52.6 per cent). In the copper industry corporations employed 99 per cent of the total number of wage earners. Other industries where a very large percentage of the wage earners were employed by corporations are iron muiing (98.1 per cent), the phosphate rock industry (95.8 per cent), and coal mining (93.6 per cent). More than 90 per cent of the total value of products in the mining industry as a whole was cred- ited to corporations. The largest percentages for the individual industries were as follows: The iron industry, 99.6 per cent; the copper industry, 99.1 per cent; the phosphate rock industry, 96.4 per cent; the coal-mining industry, 94.4 per cent; and the precious metal industries, 92.2 per cent. The two quarrying industries — the limestone and gi’anite industries — are the only ones shown in the table in which as much as 25 per cent of the total value of products is credited to other than corporate enterprises. SIZE OF e: The tendency toward concentration in the mining industries can be measured by a classification of mine operators according to the number of wage earners employed or according to the value of the products per operator. Classification according to number of wage earners. — Table 19, on the next page, gives, for all mineral indus- tries combined and for the most important individual industries, a classification of producing enterprises according to the number of wage earners employed, and shows for each class the number of operators and the number of wage earners. It does not include those mines and quarries which were worked on contract or for a share of the product, nor does it include the petroleum and gas wells which were cared for by part-time employees. It is worthy of note that the most numerous type of mine operator is the small producer, about three-fifths of all operators employing only from 1 to 20 men each, Table 18 INIIURTHY AND FORM OF ORGANIZATION. PRf)r>ucrNG ENTERrmsEs: llHlit PER CENT TOTAL. OF Num- ber of oper- ators. Number of wage earners. Value of products. Number of op- erators. Wage earners. Value of prod- ucts. Total. Per operator. All industries 19,915 1, 065, 283 $1,238,410,322 $62. 185 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 6,387 41,908 36,551,114 5,723 32.1 3.9 3.0 Firm 6,202 .50,777 57,209,620 9,136 31.4 4.8 4.7 Corporation 7,041 965,483 1,1.32,418,758 160,832 35.4 90.6 91.4 other 225 7,115 12,230,830 54,359 1.1 0.7 0.9 Coal 3,695 743,293 577,142,935 156, 193 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 1,058 17,475 10,490,068 9,915 28.6 2.4 1.8 Firm 664 24, 699 17,111,132 25, 770 18.0 3.3 3.0 Corporation 1,942 695,985 544,885,641 280,585 52.6 93.6 94.4 Other 31 5, 134 4,656,094 MO, 197 0.8 0.7 0.8 Petroleum and nat- ural gas 7,793 39,831 185,416, 684 23,793 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 2,298 2,020 9,662,086 4,204 29.5 5.1 5.2 Firm 3,360 3,085 18,954,985 5,641 43. 1 7.7 10.2 Corporation 1,966 32,636 149,368,498 75,971 25.2 81.9 80.6 Other 169 2,090 7,441,115 44,030 2.2 5.3 4.0 Copper 161 53, 143 134,616.987 836,130 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 26 168 163,908 6, 304 16.3 0.3 0.1 Firm 26 344 1,038,831 39,955 16.3 0.7 0.8 Corporation 109 52,631 133,414,248 1,223,984 67.4 99.0 99.1 Iron 176 52, 230 106.947, 082 607, 654 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 23 481 222,946 9,693 13. 1 0.9 0.2 Firm 24 536 201,411 8,392 13.6 1.0 0.2 Corporation 129 51,213 106,522,725 825, 757 73.3 98.1 99.6 Precious metals 2, 282 37, 815 94, 123,180 42, 146 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 622 2,591 3,228,424 5, 190 27.3 6.9 3.4 Firm 674 2,783 3, 997,463 5,931 29.5 7.4 4.2 Corporation 976 32,232 86,750,458 88,884 42.8 85.2 92.2 other 10 209 146,835 14,684 0.4 0.5 0.2 Lead and zinc 977 21,603 31,363,094 32.101 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 89 779 824, 504 9,264 9.1 3.6 2.6 Firm 522 2,926 3,601,589 6,899 53.4 13.5 11.5 Corporation 366 17,898 26,937,001 73,598 37.5 82.9 85.9 Limestone 1,665 37, 695 29, 832. 492 17,917 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 911 7,781 4,181,655 4,590 54.7 20.7 14.0 Firm 295 5,178 3,486,343 11,818 17.7 13.7 11.7 Corporation 451 24,551 22,061,746 48,917 ; 27. 1 65. 1 74.0 Other 8 185 102, 748 12,844 0.5 0.5 0.3 Granite 707 20, 561 18,997,976 26,871 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 323 3,745 3,029,150 9,378 45.7 18.2 16.0 Firm 166 3,225 2,967,938 17,879 23.5 15.7 15.6 Corporation 215 13, 490 12,923,039 60, 107 30.4 65.6 68.0 OtlTer 3 101 77,849 25,950 0.4 0.5 0.4 Phosphate rock. . . . 51 8.186 10,781,192 211,396 100.0 100.0 100.0 Firm 6 346 389 207 64. 868 11.8 4.2 3.6 Corporation 45 7,840 10,391,985 230,933 88.2 95.8 96.4 while more than one-tenth of all operators employed no wage earners at all. On the other hand, more than one-half of the total number of mine workers were employed by operators emplojfing more than 500 men each, although such operators constituted only 1.7 per cent of the total number of operators. The degree of concentration varies in different industries. In anthracite coal mining over five-sixths of all wage earners were employed by the 18 largest operators, each of whom employed 1,000 or more men. Copper mining follows next, three-fourths of the wage earn- ers in this industry being employed by the 12 largest operators, with a force of over 1,000 men each. Iron mining holds the third place, with 9 operators of this class employing more than one-half of the wage earners. There is also a large degree of concentration in bituminous coal mining, where 77 operators of this class, constituting 2.2 per cent of the total num- ber, employed nearly one-half of the wage earners. r)r)4 ABSTRACT OF THE In the production of petroleum and natural gas the degree of concentration is not as high as in the min- ing of coal, iron, and coj)per; the 8 largest operators, however, employed over two-fifths of the wage CENSUS— MINING. earners. On the other hand, in precious metal mining, lead and zinc mining, and stone quarry- ing, small-scale production is still the predominant type. 'I'ahln It) PRODUCING enterprises: 11M)9 INDUSTRY AND NUMBER OF WAGE earners! per operator. Operators. Wage earners.' Number. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. 16, 657 2,187 0,292 100. 0 1,065,283 100.0 13. 1 1 to 5. r. 37.8 14,788 1.4 31837 23.0 43i083 64,327 71,045 242,999 110,191 518,850 4. 0 1^973 11.8 G.0 51 to 100 '983 5.9 0.7 101 to 500 1,105 6.6 22.8 601 to 1,0(X) ' 155 0.9 10.3 125 0.8 48.7 192 100. 0 173,504 100.0 7 3.G 1 to5.r. 39 20.3 102 0. 1 6 to 20 28 14.0 317 0.2 21 to 50 19 9.9 612 0.3 51 to 100 19 9.9 1,459 0.8 101 to 500 44 22.9 12 ; 082 11,857 147,075 569,789 7.0 501 to 1,0(X) 18 9.4 6.8 18 9.4 84.8 3,476 23 100. 0 100.0 0. 7 1 to 5. 000 17.3 2,162 0. 4 6 to 20 939 27.0 lOi 183 1.8 21 to 50 575 16.5 is; 988 33,820 3.3 51 to 100 460 13.4 5.9 101 to 500 093 19.9 156,523 73,517 274,596 39, 831 27.5 501 to 1,000 103 3.0 12.9 Over 1,000 2.2 48.2 4,772 1,324 2,749 100.0 100.0 27. 7 1 to 5. 57.6 4,875 5,313 3,144 12.2 6 to 20 '519 10.9 13.3 21 to 50 104 2.2 7.9 51 to 100 40 0.8 2 ; 823 5,687 7. 1 101 to 500 28 0.6 14.3 8 0.2 17, 989 45.2 158 100. 0 53, 143 100.0 8 5. 1 1 to 5. r. 48 30.4 144 0.3 6 to 20 30 19.0 360 0. 7 21 to 50 17 10.8 579 1. 1 51 to 100 16 10. 1 1,248 2.3 101 to 500 19 12.0 4 ; 998 5,508 40, .306 9.4 501 to 1,000 8 5.1 10.4 12 7.6 75. 8 INDUSTRY AND NUMBER OF WAGE earners! per operator. PRODUCING EN Operators. TERPRISES: 1909 Wage earners.' Numljer. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Iron 173 100. 0 52,230 100.0 No wage earners 4 2.3 1 to 5. r 12 6.9 39 0.1 6 to 20 30 17.4 374 0.7 21 to 50 36 20.8 1,227 2.4 51 to 100 24 13.9 1,742 3.3 101 to 500 49 28.3 11,399 21.8 501 to 1.000 9 5.2 7,132 13.7 Over 1,000 9 5.2 30,317 58.0 Precious metals 2,169 100.0 37, 815 100.0 No wage earners 378 17.4 1 to 5.“ 913 42.1 2,330 6.2 G to 20 527 24.3 5,802 15.3 21 to 50 203 9.4 6,648 17.6 Over 50 148 6.8 23,035 60.9 Lead and zinc 950 100.0 21,603 100.0 No wage earners 133 14.0 1 to 5. r. 293 30.9 814 3.8 6 to 20 289 30.4 3,500 16.2 21 to 50 184 19.4 5,910 27.4 51 to 100 39 4.1 2,691 12.4 101 to 500 5 0.5 825 3.8 501 to 1,000 4 0.4 3,346 15.5 Over 1,000 3 0.3 4,517 20.9 Limestone 1,642 100.0 37, 695 100.0 96 5.9 1 to 5 565 34.4 1,453 3.8 6 to 20 526 32.0 6,168 16.4 21 to 50 282 17.2 9,201 24.4 51 to 100 104 6.3 7,432 19.7 Over 100 09 4.2 13,441 35.7 Granite 704 100.0 20,561 100.0 10 1.4 1 to 5 199 28.3 638 3.1 0 to 20 265 37.6 3,069 14.9 21 to 50 132 18.8 4,367 21.3 51 to 100 53 7.5 3,830 18.6 Over 100 45 6.4 8,657 42.1 Phosphate rock 51 100.0 S. 186 100.0 1 to 5 wage earners 2 3.9 17 0 .^ 6 to 20 11 21.6 179 2.2 21 to 50 11 21.6 403 5.7 51 to 100 6 11.8 1,024 12.5 Over 100 21 41.2 6,503 79.4 ' Based on nuraljer reported for Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representative day. A marked distinction with respect to the degree of concentration exists between regular producing mines, quarries, and wells, on the one hand, and nonproducing properties on the other. The latter includes for the most part enterprises which are still in the develop- ment stage, as well as others which have had a product in the past but whose present operations are confined to the maintenance of the property, or to development work with a view to resuming production. About two-thirds of all the wage earners engaged in nonproducing mining properties were employed by operators employing not exceeding 20 wage earners each. The largest enterprises in this class were repre- sented by 12 operators employing from 101 to 500 vvage earners each. On the other hand, more than one-half of all wage earners engaged in producing mines were employed by operators with a working force of 500 men or over. Table 20 shows the distribution of operators accord- ing to the number of wage earners for producing and nonproducing properties separately. Table 20 WAGE EARNERS ' PER OPERATOR. PRODUCING ENTERPRISES. NONPRODUCING ENTERPRISES. Operators. Wage earners.' Operators. Wage earners.' Num- ber. Per cent dis- tril)"- tion. Number. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Total No wage earners. 1 to 5 6 to 20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 500 501 to I 000 16, 657 2, 187 6,292 3,837 1,973 983 1, 10.5 1.55 125 100.0 13. 1 37.8 2.3. 0 11.8 5.9 6.6 0. 9 0.8 1,065,283 100.0 3,396 l'.)6 2,253 779 127 28 12 100.0 5.8 66.4 23.0 3.7 0.8 0.3 21,499 100.0 14,788 43,083 64,327 71,045 242,999 110,191 518,850 1.4 4.0 6.0 6.7 22.8 10.3 48.7 6,207 7, 0.50 3,751 1,961 1,921 28.9 .35.6 17.5 9. 1 8.9 > liascd on number reported for Dee. 15, liK)9, or nearest representative day. INDUSTRIES AND STATES. Classification according to value of products. — Table 21 gives, for all mining industries and for the most important industries separately, a classifica- tion of the operators according to value of products per operator, and shows, for each class, the number of operators and the total value of products. 'Table INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS PER OPERATOR. PRODUCING enterprises: 1909 Operators. Value of products. Number. Percent distri- bution. Amount. Percent distri- bution. All Industries 19,915 100.0 $1,238,410, 322 100.0 Less than $5,000 11, list 57.2 18,518,939 1.5 $5,000 to $20,000 4,276 21.5 43,997,158 3.6 $20,000 to $100,000 2,840 14.3 128,309,227 10.4 $100,000 to $1,000,000 1,251 6.3 335,247,982 27.1 $1,000,000 and over 104 0.8 712,277,016 57.5 Coal 3,695 100.0 577,142,935 100.0 Less than $5,000 1,175 31.8 2,921,829 0.6 $5,000 to $20,000 919 24.9 9,557,288 1.6 $20,000 to $100,000 885 23.9 44,005,693 7.6 $100,000 to $1,000,000 631 17.1 172, 161,675 29.8 $1,000,000 and over 85 2.3 348,496, 450 60.4 Anthracite coal 192 100.0 149, 180, 471 100.0 Less than $5,000 59 30.7 95,226 0.1 $5,000 to $20,000 24 12.5 288,261 0.2 $20,000 to $100,000 38 19.8 2, 153,644 1.4 $100,000 to $1,000,000 54 28.1 21,020, 422 14.1 $1,000,000 and over 17 8.9 . 125,622,918 84.2 Bituminous coai 3,503 100.0 427,962,464 100.0 Less than $5,000 1,116 31.9 2,826,603 0.6 $5,000 to $20,000 895 25.5 9,269,027 2.2 $20,000 to $100,000 847 24.2 41,852,049 9.8 $100,000 to $1000,000 577 16.5 151,141,253 35.3 $1,000,000 and over 68 1.9 222,873,532 52.1 Petroleum and natural gas 7,793 100.0 185,416,684 100.0 Less than $5,000 5,446 69.9 8,890,708 4.8 $5,000 to $20,000 1,506 19.3 14,812,243 8.0 $20,000 to $100,000 638 8.2 26,924,025 14.5 $100,000 to $1,000,000 184 2.4 49,198,036 26.5 $1,000,000 and over 19 0.2 85,591,672 46.2 Copper 161 100.0 134, 616, 987 100.0 Less than $5,000 68 42.2 83,082 0.1 $5,000 to $20,000 32 20.0 337, 175 0.2 $20,000 to $100,000 18 11.2 725, 467 0.5 $100,000 to $1,000,000 22 13.7 8, 708, 533 6.5 $1,000,000 and over 21 13.0 124,762,730 92.7 INDUSTRY AND VAI.UE OF PRODUCTS PER OPERATOR. Iron Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20 ,000 to $100 ,000... $100,000 to $1,000,(XX1. $1,000,000 and over. . Precious metals Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $1,000,000... $1,000,000 and over Lead and zinc Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000. . . $100,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over. . Limestone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000. . . $100,000 to $1,000,000. Granite Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000. . . $100,000 to $1,000,000. Phosphate rock Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 and over PRODUCING enterprises: 190!> Operators. Value of products. Number. Per cent distri- bution. Amount. Percent distri- bution. 176 100.0 106, 947, 082 100.0 42 23.9 54,063 0.1 34 19.3 363, 050 0.3 47 26.7 2,416,815 2.3 38 21.6 14,023,823 13.1 15 8.5 90,089,331 84.2 2,282 100.0 94, 123, 180 100.0 1,571 68.8 1,775,238 1.9 347 15.2 3,599,027 3.8 208 9.1 9,226,301 9.8 140 6.2 38,704, 156 41.1 16 0.7 40,818,458 43.4 977 100.0 31, 363, 094 100.0 531 54.4 901,363 2.9 231 23.6 2,407, 108 7.7 173 17.7 7,776,942 24.8 38 3.9 7,3.39,203 23.4 4 0.4 12,938, 478 41.2 1,665 100.0 29, 832, 492 100.0 940 56.5 1,370,409 4.6 401 24.1 4, 177,822 14.0 270 16.2 12,318, 129 41.3 54 3.2 11,960,072 40.1 707 100.0 18,997, 976 100.0 276 39.0 585,023 3.1 235 33.2 2,590,945 13.6 149 21.1 6,415,992 33.8 47 6.7 9,406,016 49.5 51 100.0 10, 781, 192 100.0 9 17.6 21, 132 0.2 11 21.6 106, 680 1.0 8 15.7 445,855 4.1 23 45.1 10,207,525 94.7 The relative importance of small-scale and large- scale production in mining can be seen from the fact that the 11,384 operators reporting products valued at less than $5,000, though they constituted 57.2 per cent of the total number of operators, reported only 1.5 per cent of the total value of products, while the 164 operators reporting products valued at more than $1,000,000, though they formed less than 1 per cent of the whole number of operators, reported 57.5 per cent of the total value of products. The degree of con- centration varies in the different industries, operators reporting products of more than $1,000,000 in value contributing 92.7 per cent, as measured by value, of the copper product, 84.2 per cent of the iron ore, 84.2 per cent of the anthracite coal, 52.1 per cent of the bitumi- nous coal, 46.2 per cent of the petroleum and natural gas, 43.4 per cent of the precious metals, and 41.2 per cent of the lead and zinc. In the phosphate rock industry which reported a total value of products of $10,781,192 there was one operator whose products were valued at more than $1 ,000,000. The other mining industries do not show so high a degree of concentration. EXPENSES. The census does not purport to furnish figures which can be used for determining profits or exact cost of production. Table 22 shows, however, for 1909, in percentages, the distribution of expenses in producing enterprises by classes for all mining industries combined and for the most important industries separately. This table shows that for all industries combined 61.4 per cent of the total expenses were incurred for services — that is, salaries and wages — 23.8 per cent for sup- plies, materials, and fuel, 6.1 per cent for royalties and rent of mines, and 8.7 per cent for all other purposes. Table 2'i PER CENT OF TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED FOR PRODUCING ENTERPRISES.! INDUSTRY. Salaries. Wages. Supplies, materials, and fuel. Royal- ties and rent of mines. Miscella- neous. All industries Coal: 5.1 56.3 23.8 6.1 8.7 Anthracite 3.2 66.3 19.2 5.7 5.6 Bituminous 5.5 74.3 12.1 3.1 5.0 Petroleum and natural gas 5.3 20.0 37.8 15.7 21.2 Copper 3.4 45.9 44.2 1.7 4.8 Iron 4.6 40.1 23.3 20.5 11.5 Precious metals 5.6 44.4 37.7 1.7 10.6 Lead and zinc 4.1 43.2 37.6 9.4 5.7 I.imestone 7.2 59.0 22.0 2.0 9.7 Granite 6.6 68.6 16.6 1.2 7.0 Phosphate rock 8.0 43.3 30.4 4.7 13.6 > For absolute figures on which these percentages are based, see Table 28, p. 562. ABST]IA(T OF THE (CENSUS— MINING. As would l)e expected, the proportions vary con- siderably in the difl’erent industries. Tlie largest per- centage for services (79.8) is shown for the bituminous branch of the coal-mining industiy, the smallest per- centage (2.'). 3) being reported for the petroleum and natural gas industiy. The projiortion for supplies, materials, and fuel varies from 44.2 per cent for the Table 23 shows, for all mining industries and for the most important industries separately, the number of (uigines or other motors, according to their character, employed in generating power (including electric copper industry to 12.1 per cent for bituminous coal mining; the jiropoilion for royalties and rent of mines, from 20.5 per cent for iron mining to 1.2 per cent for granite quarrying; and the proportion for miscellane- ous expenses, from 21 .2 per cent for the petroleum and natural gas industry to 4.8 per cent for the copper industry. motors operated by purchased current), and their total horsepower. It also shows separately the num- ber and horsepower of electric motors which were run by current generated by the same establishment. Table ‘2.'i PRODUCING enterprises: 1909 Primary power. INDUSTRY. 04vnad. Electric motors Electric motors run by current generated by same Aggregate horse- power. Total .Steam engines. Gas or gasoline engines. AVater wheels. operated by rented current. establishment. horsepower. Number. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power, Num- ber. Horse- power. Number. Horse- power. Number. Plorse- power. All industries 4,608,253 4,402,554 70, 573 3, 786, 552 1,874,001 23.296 518, 542 908 97.460 4,770 205, 699 26, 704 14,203 493, 721 375, 386 Coal 1,904,154 1,877,450 19,318 374 3,101 9 348 872 10,869 Anthrapite Bituminous 676,753 1,227,401 675,343 1,202,107 7,580 11,738 674,571 1,199,4.30 25 349 772 2,329 9 348 32 840 1,410 25,294 1.1.52 9,717 46,088 329,298 Petroleum and natural gas Copper 1.221.909 376. 404 1,221,809 324, 178 36,928 699 746,6,58 303,848 21,762 71 475,151 2,325 15 18. 005 6 819 160 52,286 454 536 8,589 25,888 Iron 346,634 342,069 3,563 326, 753 27 2.6.51 30 12.665 55 4,465 326 13,295 Precious metals 228,244 144,502 1,074 84,953 429 9.696 704 49.853 2,142 83, 742 574 16,054 Lead and zinc 110,559 107,276 2.158 94,220 214 12,987 3 69 59 3,283 361 12,048 Limestone 125,024 115.573 2, 166 112,390 119 2,911 9 272 206 9,451 170 5,291 Granite. 01,095 54,213 1,346 .52.549 65 1.142 6 522 159 6,882 57 1.346 Phosphate rock 50,526 50, 420 549 46,817 32 3,609 1 100 339 21,388 Of the total primar}' power used in mining, 4,402 554 horsepower, or 95.5 per cent, was owned by the mine operators, only 205,699 hor-sepower, all of which was electric power, being rented. The total amount of electric power used, including that generated at the mines, aggregated 699,420 horsepower. Nearly three- fourths of the total rented power was reported from the Mountain and Pacific statics, where the abundance QUANTITY ( The statistics relating to quantity of minerals were collected in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, but the results given in Table 24 vary slightly from those published by that bureau. The latter relate in every case to the calendar year 1909, whereas the census data are for the business year of each establishment, to accord with the statistics of jiersons einjiloyed in mining industries as well as with the expenses incurred. Moreover, the figures jiresentcd in the table deal with products sold or used by the mine ojierators, whereas the statistics of the United States Geological Survey in many cases show the quantities actually jiroduced during the calendar year. of water power and the scarcity of coal makes the transmission of electric power ])rofitable. The owner- slfip of water power by mine operators was insignifi- cant, except in the production of the ])recious metals, which is mainly confined to the group of states above mentioned. Of the horsepower generated by gas or gasoline engines, 91 .6 per cent was utilized in the petro- leum and natural gas industry. MINEEALS. For metalliferous, other than iron, mines the United States Geological Survey jiublishes the (piantities of metals recovered by refineries which the ore ultimately reaches, whereas Table 24 relates to the crude prod- ucts sold by mine operators. Thus the gold content of all domestic ore mined in continent al ITnited Stat es, and sold in the crude state, together \\’ith the assay content of mill and placer bullion, as given in the table, aggregated 3,876,943 fine ounces, whereas the ju'oduc- tion of refined gold in continental United States, as estimated by the United States Geological Survey in cooj)cration with the Director of the Mint, was 3,837,773 ounces; the dill'crence does not exceed 1 INDUSTRIJ<:S AND S'l’ATES por cent of the total production. Likewise, the assay content of all silver ore and mill and placer bullion ])roduced in the Ignited States, as reported by mine operators, was 57,294,492 ounces, whereas the total production of refined bullion in the United States, in- cluding' Alaska, as estimated by the Director of the Mint and rei)orted by refineries to the Bureau of the t'ensus, aj'gref'ated in round figures 54, 500, ()()() fine ounces, the variance being due in greater part to losses in recovery. No ([uantities for structural materials are presented in the table below, by reason of the great diversity in the units of measure, depending on quality as well as on the uses for wliich the stone is intended. The only com- mon measure for the jiroduction of building stone is value. Where the products of a given industry were mar- keted by some establishments in crude state and by others in dressed or refined state, the figures below are presented as re])orted by the ojierators. 24 I Unit of PRODUCT. I measuie. Fuels: Coal, anthracite Coal, bituminous Petroleum Natiural gas Peat Metals: ' Iron Gold, total 2 Continental U. S. Alaska Silver Copper, total Lake ^ Western * Lead: Argentiferous < Nonargentiferous . Zinc: Argentiferous < . . . Nonargentiferous . Quicksilver Manganese Tungsten Tons, 2,000 lbs Tons, 2,000 lbs Barrels M cubic feet . . Tons, 2,000 lbs Tons, 2,240 lbs Fine ounces. . . Fine ounces. . . Fine ounces. . . Fine ounces. . . Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Tons, 2,000 lbs5 Pounds Tons, 2,000 lbs5 Pounds net. . . Tons, 2,240 lbs Tons, 2,000 lbs > See explanation in the text. Total. 80,968, 130 376, 865, 510 171, 557, 485 430,956, 466 15, 671 Crude. Dressed or refined. 171, 557, 485 1,254 14,417 50, 521, 208 4, 860, 871 3, 876, 943 983, 928 57,294,492 1,089,800,000 234, 137, 051 855, 662, 949 50,521,208 -t 234, 137, 051 855,662,949 434,880,257 249,935 434, 880,257 249,935 98, 882, 379 818,821 1, 563, 675 1,544 1,619 98, 882, 379 818, 821 1,544 1,619 1,563,675 PRODUCT. Unit Of measure. Total. Crude. Dressed or refined. Miscellaneous: Asbestos Tons, 2,000 lbs . 3,233 2,330 903 Barytes Tons, 2,000 lbs . 48,984 42,979 6,005 Bauxite Tons, 2,000 lbs . 142, 341 136, 641 7,700 Clay Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs . 2, 159, 647 1,580 2, 159, 647 628 Corundum and emery. 952 Feldspar Toils, 2,000 lbs . 76,539 31,037 45, 502 Fluorspar Tons, 2,000 lbs . 48,750 46,319 2,431 , Fullers’ earth Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs . 43, 169 19,861 23,308 Garnet 2,932 90 2,842 Graphite Tons, 2,000 lbs . 16,222 13,248 2,974 Gypsum Toms, 2,000 lbs . 1,845,000 346,069 1,498,931 Mica: Pounds 1,809,582 4,090 268 1,809,582 Scrap Tons, 2,000 lbs . 4,000 268 Monazite and zircon . . Tons, 2,000 lbs . Phosphate rock Tons, 2,240 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs . Tons, 2,240 lbs . Tons, 2,000 lbs . 2, 320,623 15, 103 247,070 117,578 2,320, 623 15,103 Pyrite 247,070 106,248 Quartz 11,330 Tons, 2,000 lbs . 268, 029 268,029 30, 898 'falc and soapstone . . . Tons, 2,000 lbs . 120; 837 89,939 - Assay content of mill bullion and ore shipped. ' Assay content of ore. ^ Concentrate. 3 Metallic copper. PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS ‘—COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1909 AND 1902. Table 25 PRINCIPAL EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, Primary horse- power. GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION AND STATE. Census. Salaries aud wages. Supplies, ma- terials, and fuel. 2 Royalties and rent of mines. Contract work. Value of products. 2 TTnited States * 1909 ^625,610,088 $208,771,046 $62,456,760 $24,091,986 $1,175,475,001 4, 556, 170 1902 401,225,547 114,515,832 34,476,227 20,638, 127 771,486,926 2,663,964 Geographic divisions: New England 1909 11,093, 136 3,903,951 190,947 120,440 19,312,271 60, 120 1902 10,484,388 2,638,713 178,812 1,853 16,608,690 43,670 Middle Atlantic 1909 212,534, 186 54,917,283 15,928,491 6,048,025 5,959,507 353,775,070 1,748, 375 1902 127,847,369 31,582,205 11, 190,610 240,305,682 1,191,487 East North Central 1909 129,342,721 34,944,431 12,338,469 5,882,397 233,002,528 919,427 1902 89,261,566 25,966,245 9,024,550 4,959,358 172,894,450 609,641 West North Central ! 1909 55, 134,454 21,116,725 14,720,084 2,709,833 129,023,910 371,548 1902 33,998,514 9,936,373 5,691,630 770,773 72,257,703 120,421 South Atlantic 1909 53, 154,421 18,226,801 8,638, 145 4, 665,497 102,375,877 532,824 1902 31,916,461 11,496,991 4,544,772 5,374,382 69,202, 161 292,981 East South Central 1909 31,848,088 0,843,506 1,374,027 976,571 46,394,609 180,503 1902 22,559,863 3,941,987 765,974 661,402 34,820,772 58,122 West South Central 1909 9,221,489 4,368,820 1,608, 985 303,002 22,400,222 55,199 1902 4,976, 130 1,216,670 358,555 l,491,2(ki 9,857,364 21,873 Mountain 1909 82,758,040 36,741,950 1,880,957 728,712 770,931 170,306,955 399,398 1902 57,029,455 20,390,291 1,593,738 112,270,912 220,774 Pacific 1909 28,627,961 21,956,212 2,973,092 803,039 523,057 71,076,741 184, 172 1902 18, 128,437 6,557, 854 570,016 36,092,355 85,203 PER CENT OF INCREASE. Salaries and wages. Royal- ties and rent of mines. Value of prod- ucts. Horse- power. 55.9 81.2 52.4 71.0 5.8 6.8 16.3 37.7 66.2 42.3 47.2 46.7 44.9 3g.7 34.8 50.8 62.2 158.6 78.6 208.5 66. 0 90.1 47.9 81.9 41.2 79.5 33.2 210.6 85.3 348.7 127.2 152.4 45.1 1.8.0 51.7 80.9 57.9 270.2 90.9 116.2 ‘ Exclusive of governmental institutions, and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures for the lime industry. 2 Exclusive of duplications resulting from the use of products of some enterprises as materials for others within the same industry. 2 Embraces Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and South Carolina for both years and the District of Columbia for 1909. These states are not shown sepaiately nor are they included in the totals for their respective geographic divisions, becau.se to do so would disclose individual operations. < Exclusive of the amount paid to miners compensated by a share of the product for both years, and also of the wages of part-time employees for the petroleum and natural gas industries for 1909, which are included under “ Contract work” in other tables for 1909. 558 ABSTRACT OF THP: CENSUS— MINING PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS ‘—COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR TUE UNITED STATES, BY STATES 1909 AND 1902 — Continued. Table 26— Continued. GEOGRAPHIC DIVI.SION AND STATE. New Knodand: Maine Now Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts (’onnecticut Middle .\tlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Iliinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryiand Virginia West V’irginia North Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Texas Mountain: Idaho Colorado All other ‘ Pacific: Washington Oregon California PRINCIPAL EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Census Salaries and waKCS. Supplies, ma tcrials, and fuel.* Royalties and rent of mines. Contract work. UK)9 $1,690,617 $1,032,965 $22,279 $14,448 l'.K)2 2, 478, (K)3 470,904 12, 7U 190!) ' 979 ; 840 155 ; 358 i, 271 9,246 1902 875, 4C)5 134,128 2,372 1!K)9 4,899,736 1,386,827 85 ; 632 64,988 1!)02 3,490,476 1,076,14,3 101,546 1909 2, 516, .534 854,090 58,589 18,6.37 1902 2,739,230 727,665 44,325 1,853 1909 1,000, 409 474,711 20,176 13, 121 1902 900,614 223,813 17,855 . 1909 ! 5,693,286 2,647,861 468,646 374.435 1902 4,517,851 1,627,489 357, ()37 350,663 1909 3, 155,929 1,067,226 101,523 40,799 1902 2,277,652 892,030 110,163 10,770 . 1909 203,684,971 51,202,196 15,358,322 5,632,791 1902 1 121,051,866 29,062,686 10,722,810 5, 598,074 1909 30,226,878 8,850,679 3,668,862 2,745,089 1902 25,479,977 9,836,370 4, 190, 544 2,692,557 1909 16,092,3.59 2,557,423 595,475 265,259 1902 11,819,897 3,389,898 1,807,948 2, 159,980 1909 49,838,660 9,973,037 3,579,960 2,360,424 1902 28,539,154 3,315,552 474, 475 26,016 1909 29,344,947 11,898,749 4,04.8,981 472,605 1902 21,277,047 8,637, 172 2,311,479 77,047 1909 3,839,877 1,664,543 445, 191 39,020 1902 2,145,491 787,253 240, no 3,758 1909 13,592,568 8, 904, .544 10,732,309 2, 157,108 1902 6,887,017 2,839,332 3,678,964 339,244 1909 11,461,923 1,561,553 349,470 40,791 1902 7,279,272 961,414 220,698 48, 106 1909 15,667,995 7,071,069 1,955,492 135,384 1902 9,989,027 2,856,858 1,398,827 172,514 1909 426,910 108, 187 10,647 1,325 1902 231,014 86,467 1,407 2,795 1909 3,446,944 1,496,495 4,776 50 1902 3,593,242 1,962,937 8,736 406 1909 186,582 57,493 1,551 5,494 1902 103,936 11,173 823 1909 10,351,532 1,917,384 1,665,839 369,681 1902 5,91.5,006 1, 218, 192 382, 181 207, 708 1909 287,742 178, 432 4,392 5,800 1902 250,669 45,361 16, 187 1909 3,816,561 714,571 136,772 11,148 1902 4,696,260 807,796 141,570 8,499 1909 5, .501,588 1,855,201 421,863 119,043 1902 3,876,5,56 837, 287 318,763 35,964 1909 38,177,028 12,801,951 7,796,597 4,307,288 1902 19,90,5,757 8,513,767 3,874,780 5,194,279 1909 1,005,826 268,315 21,412 3,340 1902 599,9,59 118,494 19,971 9,000 1909 1,495,562 41.5,841 .59,317 1,187 1902 1,276,:J62 556, 229 42,008 122, 619 1909 2,870,113 1,992,490 197, 792 217,691 1902 1,310,898 618,057 131,493 4,021 1909 8,800,326 1,.537, 544 422, 702 165,913 1902 5,802,221 1,110,291 156, 562 219,627 * 1909 8,054,131 1,638,019 618,177 43, 623 1902 5,483,714 835, 754 414,367 174,496 1909 14,993,631 3,667,943 333, 148 767,035 1902 11,273,928 1,995,942 195,045 267, 279 1909 3,325,154 585,357 194, 179 111,974 1902 2, 137, 007 244,379 40,818 860 1909 1,199, 658 1, 586, 427 496,198 60,310 1902 41,977 7, 354 23,207 105,858 1909 4,696,677 2, 197, 036 918,608 130, 778 1902 2,797,146 964,937 294, 530 1,384,548 1909 4,444,259 2, 225, 762 27, 632 22, 665 1902 4,480,194 1,626,1.53 28, 103 43, 442 1909 19, 959, 195 7, 273, 927 1,017,847 123,828 1902 21,518,169 6, 969,796 1,064,653 393, 985 1909 58,3.54,586 27, 242, 261 835, 478 582, 219 1902 31,031,092 11,794,342 500,982 333, 504 1909 6, 342, .392 1, 196, 670 141,231 23, 849 1902 4,063,773 615,807 56, 5.58 29, (iOO 1909 854,979 296, 489 16, 935 3,240 1902 1,222,178 408,112 60, 499 19,522 1909 21, 4,30, .590 20,463,0.53 2,814,926 496, 568 1902 1 2, 842, 486 5,5.33,935 685,982 520,894 PER CENT OF INCREASE.* Value of products.* $3,270,766 3,656,134 1,308,597 1,176,312 8,471,725 5,904,705 4,3.32,218 4.499.401 1,928,965 1,372,144 13,849,494 9,682,457 8,548,858 4,042,047 .331,376,718 226,641,178 59,931,837 56,340, 184 22,324,647 26,896,393 77,214,343 37,377,226 64,956,299 48,022,962 8.575.402 4,257,685 58,975,781 25,620, 677 13,979,4.53 9,659,330 30,378,747 20, 279, 481 564,812 325,967 6,415,788 6,697,797 322,517 148,391 18,386,812 9,526,060 516,213 448,467 6, 164, 122 7,162,113 8,999,920 6,280, 148 73,4.52,935 48,362,664 1,402,765 924, 676 2,924,741 3,080,287 8,915,181 2,943,806 12, 100, 005 8,304,706 11,803,400 9,268,074 22,491,204 17, 247,992 4, 764, 784 2,840,:i4I 6, .539, 850 279,327 11, 095, .588 6, 737, 696 8, 749, 650 8,214,671 39, 397,8.59 40,508,286 122, 159, 446 63, 547, 955 10, 826, .503 5,393,659 1,237,292 2,087,389 .59,012,946 28,611,307 Primary horse- power. Salarie, and wages. Royal- ties am rent of j mines. i -- Value of prod ucts. Horse- power. 8,. 345 0,939 3,771 2,617 25,916 14,979 15,620 11,170 6,468 7,965 102,540 63,953 18,390 13,008 1,627,445 1,114,526 298,635 204,341 95,929 120,511 226, 124 88,500 271,891 184,278 26.848 12,011 152, 153 28,492 23,528 14,673 109,971 46,384 2,025 839 15,648 12,265 815 296 67,408 17,472 1,480 1.396 19,060 12,400 35,554 15,539 417,282 240, 170 6,225 3,746 10.848 9,373 42.375 10,357 53,480 18,682 34.376 12,007 92, 647 27, 433 14,217 7.396 8, 445 4, 440 32, 537 10,037 26, 363 18, 703 98, 777 83,0.39 274, 2,58 119, 032 -31.5 1 75.2 -10.5 20.3 11.9 80.1 11.2 44.1 40.4 -15.7 43.5 73.0 -8.1 32.2 -3.7 39.8 11.1 13.0 40.6 -t18.8 26.0 31.0 43.0 60.3 38.6 -7.8 111.5 41.4 68.3 43.2 46.2 46.0 18.6 -12.4 6.4 46.1 36.1 -67.1 -17.0 -20.4 74.6 654.5 106.6 155.5 37.9 75.2 35.3 47.5 79.0 85.4 101.4 123.5 97.4 191.7 130.2 434.0 57.5 58.3 44.7 60.4 56.9 39.8 4i'8 137.1 84.8 656.7 73.3 141.3 -4.1 -45.3 -4.2 27.6 79.5 88.4 117.3 175.3 75.0 335.8 93.0 285.8 14.8 -72.9 15.1 6.0 -18.7 -3.4 -13.9 53.7 41.9 32.3 43.3 128.8 91.8 101.2 51.8 73.7 67.6 7.2 51.7 66.2 17.2 41.2 -5.0 15.7 118.9 50.4 202.8 309.1 51.7 170.0 45.7 186.3 46.9 49.2 27.4 186.3 33.0 70.8 30.4 237.7 55. 6 375.7 67.8 92.2 2 , 757.9 !,038. 1 1,241.3 90.2 67.9 211.9 64.7 204.2 -0.8 -1.7 6.5 41.0 -7.2 -4.4 -2.7 19.0 88.1 66.8 92.2 130.4 20,987 11,910 8,070 3, 761 15.5,115 69.532 56.1 149. 7 100.7 76.2 -;k). 0 — 72. 0 -40.7 114.6 66.9 310.3 106. 3 123.1 ' Exclusive of governmental institutions, and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures for the lime industry. 2 Exclusive of duplications resulting from tlio use of products of some enterprises as materials for others within the same industry. * A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. < Includes a small production of bituminous coal for Georgia. * Embraces Arizona, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. INDUSTRIES AND STATES 559 PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS '—COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909 AND 1902. Table 26 INDUSTRY. All Industries <• Fuels: Coal, total Anthracite Bituminous Petroleum and natural gas. Metals: Iron Copper Precious metals, total. Deep mines Placer mines Lead and zinc Quicksilver Manganese Tungsten Stbuctubal matebials; Limestone Granite and traprock.. Sandstone Marble Slate Miscellaneous: Asbestos Asphaltum and bituminous rock. Barytes Bauxite. Buhrstones and millstones. Clay Corundum and emery. Feldspar Fluorspar Fuller’s earth Garnet. Graphite Grindstones and pulpstones. Gypsum Marl. Mica. Mineral pigments . Phosphate rock . Precious stones.. Quartz Sulphur and pyrite. Talc and soapstone.. Census. PRINCIPAL EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Value of products.’ Primary horsepower. Salaries and wages. Supplies, materials, and fuel . 2 Royalties and rent of mines. Contract work.’ 1909 $625,610, 068 $208, 771, 046 $62,456,760 $24,091,986 $1, 175, 475, 001 4, 656, 170 1902 401,225,547 114,515,832 34, 476, 227 20, 638, 127 771, 486, 926 2, 663, 964 1909 399,697,241 72,043,898 20, 016,639 3,893,257 550,513,866 1,904,154 1902 237,557,596 37,517,821 11,799,559 1,650,535 366,642,015 909, 160 1909 96,900,963 26,697,966 7,980,739 1,701,514 149, 180, 471 676,753 1902 41,623,406 12,740,780 4,359,051 406, 421 76,173,586 416,012 1909 302,796,278 45,345,932 12,035,900 2, 191,743 401,333,395 1,227,401 1902 195,934,190 24,777,041 7,440,508 1,244,114 290,468,429 493, 148 1909 34,333,531 41,391,608 21,282,820 15,700,864 175,527,807 1,221,969 1902 20, 962,116 24,320,573 11,463, 786 17,389,696 102,034,590 1,008,710 1909 33,121,418 17,229,717 15,174,735 2,698,842 106,947,082 346,534 1902 23,641,599 8,973,168 6,503,908 422,044 65,460,985 103,974 1909 45,060,017 23,104,451 259,245 406,999 99,493,799 297,769 1902 22,919,861 11,083,175 130,215 188,768 51,178,036 193,272 1909 37,766,098 22,075,916 1,305,701 318,303 87,671,553 228,244 1902 41,154,265 16,699,768 1,423,399 626,090 82,482,052 181,819 1909 34,665,751 19,205,870 1,163,985 225, 147 77,434,301 200,966 1902 39,011,089 15,908,782 1,277,632 606, 137 77,154,326 173,961 1909 3,100,347 2,870,046 141,716 93, 156 10,237,252 27,278 1902 2, 143, 176 790,986 145,767 19,953 5,327,726 10,858 1909 11,190,925 6,895,892 2,301,850 166,985 28,568,547 109,544 1902 5,155,598 2,511,657 1,525,368 108,607 14,600,177 39,374 1909 486, 125 185,378 5,268 4,197 868, 458 784 1902 1,035,494 322,267 7,078 23, 164 1,550,090 1,748 1909 17,088 3,959 20,435 175 1902 84; 319 17 ; 228 1,996 177,911 354 1909 211,486 94,203 1,375 2,400 563,457 486 1902 1,260 210 5,975 220 1909 22,860,012 11,992,659 549,096 254,312 47,784,479 152,651 1902 16,496,501 5,378,932 422,693 36,381 30,278,877 63,182 1909 15,067, 785 3,976,162 476, 850 123, 808 24, 576, 293 90,306 1902 12, 168, 784 2,447,761 194,892 18,042,943 46,441 1909 5,352,818 1,389,149 154,513 44, 340 9,290,829 36,556 1902 7,011,437 1,328,466 204,517 600 10,954,634 27,575 1909 3,462,130 806,016 47,911 27,344 6,239,120 21,779 1902 2,553,661 825,822 65,385 5,044,182 14,161 1909 4, 494, 132 849, 158 271,252 28,962 6,054,174 29,777 1902 3,512,338 680,361 269,267 5, 696, 051 25,269 1909 41,329 23,520 45 400 65, 140 380 1902 10, 878 8,233 46,200 105 1909 173,106 79; 757 1,517 15,546 466, 461 828 1902 127,803 21,928 2, 856 10,060 236, 728 720 1909 110,493 28,224 14,232 3,576 224,766 262 1902 145, 444 7,772 27,300 1,000 203, 154 no 1909 230, 759 55,289 6,909 670, 829 1,565 1902 92 ; 993 40 ; 019 2 ; 090 500 128; 206 '624 1909 16,850 508 271 34,441 1902 44^244 1,809 636 59, 808 1909 1,586,509 389,342 85,403 44,318 2 , 945 ; 948 8,868 1902 1,109,397 272,823 59,387 13, 241 2,061,072 3,985 1909 4, 719 260 708 18, 185 1902 38,831 26,114 1,091 104 ; 605 no 1909 135,356 56, 744 9,238 8,681 271, 437 993 1902 127,539 50, 278 10,584 250, 424 1,204 1909 193, 118 59, 109 1,917 949 288,509 1,179 1902 137,313 31,374 7,900 300 275,682 669 1909 156,979 83,807 582 67 315, 762 1,739 1902 43, 775 28,966 4,021 98, 144 460 1909 44,654 25, 286 6,850 101,920 315 1902 68,810 10 , 128 1,341 132,820 420 1909 186,083 105,523 5,765 4,000 344, 130 2,647 1902 95,653 51,840 520 900 227,508 769 1909 174, 268 114,032 3,348 25,597 413,296 1,648 1902 112,640 31,349 2,003 667, 431 1,235 1909 2, 372, 766 1,560,117 74,916 16,558 5,812,810 17,685 1902 1,059,678 341,760 49,912 406 2,089.341 7,319 1909 67, 102 23,619 3,587 2, 430 172, 157 581 1902 17,698 2,297 1,050 55,994 410 1909 13,512 2, 988 13,307 105 1902 6^869 2 , 755 12^741 50 1909 139, 188 22, 769 5,684 206' 794 463 1902 57 ', 487 11 ; 961 3 ', 142 118; 849 185 1909 60, 856 22, 485 3,469 15,288 151,015 849 1902 159,680 58,073 13,326 360,885 1,790 1909 74,967 11,558 1,061 6,622 206,028 448 1902 43, 077 7,662 475 113,968 193 1909 3,806,651 2, 259,025 345,568 251,849 10,781,192 50,526 1902 2,285,297 799, 414 212, 350 157, 402 4,922,943 14,144 1909 134,841 31,461 315,464 109 1902 116,704 17 ; 781 437 328, 450 150 1909 94, 774 29,526 2,959 16,351 231,025 1.219 1902 81,406 19,592 7,638 187, 294 760 1909 898, 208 1, 180, 447 887 3,091 5, 109, 050 8,872 1902 448, 760 217,262 7,048 3,587 947, 089 5,935 1909 607, 128 262,393 31,287 3,550 1,174,516 9,433 1902 342, 796 125,932 31,364 1.138, 167 3,945 PER CENT OF INCREASE.* Salaries and wages. Royal- ties and rent of mines. Value of prod- ucts. Horse- power. 55.9 81.2 52.4 71.0 68.3 69.6 50.2 109.4 132. 8 83.1 95.8 62.7 54.5 61.8 38.2 148.9 63.8 85.7 72.0 21.1 40.1 133.3 63.4 233.3 96.6 99.1 94.4 54.1 -8.2 -8.3 6.3 23.5 -11.1 -8.9 0.4 15.5 44.7 -2.8 9^2 151.2 117.1 50.9 95.7 178.2 -53.1 -25.6 -44.0 -55.1 -79.7 -88.5 -50.6 16,684.6 9,330.2 120.9 38.6 29.9 57.8 141.6 23.8 144.7 36.2 94.5 -23.7 -24.4 -15.2 32.6 35.6 -26.7 23.7 53.8 28.0 0.7 6.3 17.8 279.9 41.0 261.9 35.4 -46.9 97.0 15.0 -24.0 -47.9 10.6 138.2 148.1 230.6 423.2 150.8 -61.9 -57.4 -42.4 43.0 43.8 42.9 122.5 -87.8 -35.1 -82.6 6.1 -12.7 8.4 -17.5 40.6 -75.7 4.7 76.2 258.6 221.7 278.0 -35.1 410.8 -23.3 -25.0 94.5 1,008.7 51.3 244.2 54.7 67.1 -38.1 33.4 123.9 50.1 178.2 141.6 279.2 241.6 207.5 41.7 96.7 4.4 110.0 142.1 80.9 74.0 150.3 -61.9 -74.0 -58.2 -52.6 74.0 123.4 ^.8 132.1 66.6 62.7 119.0 257.2 15.5 -4.0 -27.3 16.4 -61.3 23.3 60.4 100.2 -87.4 439.4 49.5 77.1 -0.2 3.2 139.1 > Exclusive of governmental institutions and of the coke and cement industries, but including figures for the lime industry. * Exclusive of duplications resulting from the use of the products of some enterprises as materials for others within the same industry. 2 Exclusive of the amount paid to miners compensated by a share of the product for both years, and also of the wages of part-time employees for the petroleum and natural gas industry for 1909, which are included under “Contract work” in other tables lor 1909. * A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ‘ The totals for all industries include, besides those specified, a few industries which could not be separately shown without disclosing the operations of individual operators. The value of products of those industries was less than 0.1 per cent of the total for all industries in 1909 and 0.3 per cent in 1902. 5()() ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS— MINING. PRODUCING MINIIS, QUARRIES, AND WELLS— CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, PERSONS ENGAGED Table a7 DIVISION AND STATIi. United States tlEOQRAPHIC divisions; New England Middle Atlantie East North Central . . . West North Central. . . South Atlantic East Soul h Central . . . West South Central. . . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine..! New Hampsliire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central; Kentucky Teimessee Alabama West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona I'tah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon California Num- ber of oper- ators. Num- ber of mines and (1 Har- ries. Number of wells. Capital. EXPENSES OF OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Total. Services. Supplies, Saiaried officers of corpora- tions, super- intendents, and man- agers. Clerks and other salaried employees. V^'age earners. Suppiies and materials. 1 19,915 18. 164 166,320 2 $3.380, 525, 841 $1,042,642,693 3 $32. 823, 748 3 $20, 569, 803 $586,774,079 $173,411,438 510 586 27,950,080 14,696,118 603,790 293,492 9,814, 166 1,847,736 6,333 3,903 71,122 919,992, 103 315, 473, 663 8,066,471 5,961,915 204,992, 523 47,736,970 4, 152 2,662 56,379 409,041,901 200,211,992 5,986, 494 3,434,660 118,672,711 28,179,361 2,:300 2,603 3,450 321,757,330 101,600,234 2,570,135 1,789,303 50,566,348 15,605,588 1,358 1,652 15, 146 341,053,471 96, 151,345 3, 463, 174 2, 267, 740 49,886, 136 14,722,485 830 1,109 1,110 145,688,421 46, 133, 257 2,217,967 1,413,822 29,443,806 5,386,232 1,229 452 14, 700 110,680,029 40,200,158 1,647,442 802,375 15,671,675 7,922,941 1,972 3,728 97 709,074,649 166,586,458 4,863,504 3,004,691 82,081,073 32, 190, 652 1,538 1,610 4,316 275,819,077 61,589, 468 2,481,872 956,406 25,64.5,641 19,819,473 97 102 3,825,931 1,876,341 87, 779 31,847 1,332,242 219, 579 45 53 1,546,503 1,204,966 45,619 7,869 926,352 100,931 137 182 13,992,096 6,795,268 227,650 142,587 . 4,449,315 905, 157 139 147 5,054,093 2,987, 175 153,683 59,675 1,966,997 363,698 21 27 567,015 673, 877 29,948 27,941 409,883 130,947 71 75 2,964,442 1, 158,491 59,111 23, 573 729,377 127,424 1,351 752 11,342 45,171,232 9,987,768 495,776 212,089 4,717,595 1,886,937 131 151 8,613,663 4,507,940 183,690 79,491 2,801,066 674,962 4,851 3,000 59, 780 866,207,208 300,977,955 7,387,005 5,670,335 197,473,862 45, 175,071 1,876 964 35,067 161,324,529 53,852,530 1,749,762 1,025, 222 26,769,229 7,360,280 1,010 480 10,373 59,764,947 20,312,752 736,347 365, 174 14,782,488 1,823,904 915 759 10,918 116,959,707 68,718, 121 2,058, 102 1,054,553 46,378,727 8,472,837 83 173 21 119,331,987 51,819,838 1,255,559 917,963 27,660,908 9,800,415 268 286 11,660,731 5,508,751 186,724 71,748 3,081,359 721,925 153 250 176,950,369 38,574, 180 694,277 874,463 11,907,049 6,736,806 373 431 8,481,483 13,694,714 320,951 220,024 10,870,446 1,307,919 1,021 1,224 39 60,549,081 27,515, 101 993, 190 281,730 14,393,570 4,730,342 53 53 6 1,058,649 570, 140 34, .372 28,217 364,321 95,352 39 43 3 32,697,991 5, 154,263 113, 109 94,028 3,224,675 1,054,532 18 20 222, 428 260,049 12,900 3,745 169, 937 35,474 643 582 3,402 41,797,329 15,831,787 401,336 287,096 9, 636,350 1,645, 163 9 9 959,078 508,937 61,900 8,115 217,727 152,054 126 173 25, 169,678 5,006, 157 196,tk)9 131,838 3,339,682 478, 555 1.50 244 55,992,693 8,863,954 357,255 255,366 5,229,787 1, 173,866 798 718 15, 146 219,466,909 71,347,631 2, 197,617 1,631,267 35,980,736 11,647,711 118 130 5,985,112 1,416,075 81,646 41,396 862,762 152,714 29 32 1,209,390 1,034,823 55,065 27, 175 626, 429 124,618 92 109 11,475,710 2,064,236 146,888 43,018 1,278, 159 254,021 36 96 20,794,901 5,909,532 366, 194 129,565 2,350,854 738,946 437 442 1,109 26,786,640 11,721,722 667,739 297,409 7,827,514 1,322,406 216 365 1 33,819,977 11,969,257 609,021 379,267 7,358,583 1,571,612 177 302 85,081,804 22,442,278 941,207 737, 146 14,257,709 2,492,214 96 146 62 7,200,417 4,309,211 162,502 75,965 3,026, 140 368,207 33 2 246 13,207,2.32 6,641,555 148,386 178,645 872,627 859,456 864 212 12, 113 70,696,411 21,071,609 972,829 369,728 7,775,413 4,897, 176 236 92 2,279 19,575,969 8, 177, 783 363, 725 178,037 3,997,495 1,798,102 373 543 145,135,510 46,520,545 718,596 694, 477 21,361,400 9,837,503 174 370 48,892,888 7, 198, 763 269,251 88, 627 4,045,547 1,847,458 66 95 21 9,505,365 9,053,467 255,635 191,772 6,266,787 1,385,594 672 1,575 76 144,639,558 38,630,288 1,441,869 671,071 18,463,296 5, 459, {KKi 98 285 40, 125,674 5,553,423 234, 187 210,947 3,529,356 805, 487 135 251 119,772,781 28,608,216 577,885 440,295 13,502,760 5,559,367 188 235 81,000,043 16,606,028 755,233 442,294 8,986,851 3,920,414 266 374 120,002,830 14,415,728 610,848 265,208 5,925,070 3,375,163 93 170 13,074,691 ■ 7,800,722 213, 198 131,468 5,891,007 843,0-25 116 161 9,166,834 1,223,468 91,387 33,446 705, 192 186,796 1,329 1,279 4,316 253,577,552 52,565,278 2, 177,287 791,492 19,049,442 18,789,652 Purchased ore and natimal gas (duplica/- tion in product). $29,318,316 3, 164,839 5,656,650 1,919,554 893,664 170, 135 173, 100 14,577,714 2,762,660 65,656 '3,'699,‘i^' 5,376,075 22,595 101,980 156,000 1,471,553 '‘55,i39 '392,'862 893,664 41,959 128, 176 7,200 130,587 35,313 6,559,820 4,930,144 1,370,391 106,910 1,610,449 2,762,660 Fuel and rent of power. $45,136,550 753,714 7,327,680 7,399,712 5,190,869 3,418,805 1,912,689 1,505,758 14, 509, 236 3,118,087 84,683 54,4^ 362,438 153,258 26,991 71,917 585,161 319,329 6,423, 190 892,671 551,821 1,325,880 4, 193,347 435,993 2,024,606 221,740 2,220,657 12,835 421,048 22,019 267, 964 26,378 104, 156 484,527 1,212,825 103,319 117,899 146,666 1,223,035 218,489 645,376 1,048,824 138,987 726,971 384, 186 255,614 3,628,050 356, 1S)9 376, 187 1,955,984 203,083 5,603,989 1,074,119 1,311,625 245,852 96,592 2,775,643 1 Exclusive of dujilications, 307 operators liaving reported in two or more states. Such duplications Iravo not lieen excluded in the totals for the several geograpliio divisions. 2 Includes $59,468,780 wlucli could not be distributed among tlie several states. 3 In some cases the same operator conducted enterprises in two or more states, all such enterprises being managed tlirough one central administrative othco. lu such cases it was impossible to assign the corporate officers and t he central office force to any particular state; this was also the case in respect to contract work and taxes, which were reported in a lump sum for all properties. The total central office expenses were accordingly apportioned among the several states pro rata (o the total expenses reported for each state and the estimated amounts of such administrative expeu-sos wore added to “ Sundry expenses.” In the totals for the United Statas, however, the number of olficors and salaried employees, as well as their salaries, and uio amount of contract work aud taxes, appear under the prmror heads. The amounts thus included in the item of “ Sundry expenses ” for individual states aud distributed lu the totals for the United Stales are as follows: Officers, $922,899; clerks, $645,399; taxes, $142,240; and contract work, $61,801. INDUSTRIES AND STATES 561 IN MINING INDUSTRIES, LAND CONTROLLED, AND POWER, FOR TUE UNITED STATES, RY STATES: 1009. 1 EXPENSES OP OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT — COntd. 1 Value of products. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES. Land controlled (acres). Primary horse- power. Miscellaneous. Aggregate. Proprietors and olPicials. Clerks and other salaried em- liloyees. Wage earners Dec. 15, or nearest representa- tive day. Royalties and rent of mines. Taxes. Contract work. Rent of offices and other sundry expensas. Total. Proprie- tors and flnu members Salaried officers of corpora- tions, superin- tendents, and managers. $63, 973, 685 • $17, 796, 783 >$28,887,898 >$43,950,513 $1,238,410,322 >1,139,332 49,374 29, 922 < 19,452 > 24, 675 1, 065, 283 24,215.611 4, 608, 2S3 2 185,637 154,826 110,705 932,052 17,327,242 19, 590 938 515 423 398 18,254 07,575 61,259 3 15,945,607 5,920,800 6,533,563 9,823,280 370,742,262 427,091 16,325 11,520 4,805 7,829 402,937 5,874,701 1,738,613 4 12,335,880 3,332,106 6,154,644 9,059, 774 237,534,170 229,255 11,301 7,451 3,850 4,294 213,660 4,139,440 913,857 5 14,718,304 3,280,168 2,762,943 3,197,022 130,252,538 95,637 5,230 3,547 1,083 1,949 88,458 1,425,461 370,390 6 8,639,760 1,307,777 4,862,717 6,689,087 105,714,462 124,512 3,509 1,350 2,159 2,997 118,006 6,503,321 636,648 7 1,373,504 376,047 1,006,660 2,832,395 49, 143, 289 75,004 2,184 501 1,683 1,964 70,856 2,368,739 179,650 8 4,391,962 456,134 2,469,045 5, 159, 726 47,530,937 31,387 2,156 1,056 1,100 979 28,252 1,844,933 149,602 9 3,410,506 2,143,200 4,308,511 5,497,371 205,053,900 99,711 4,158 2,023 2,135 2,481 93,072 1,022,459 407,184 10 2,972,425 683,456 617,309 2,532, 139 75,111,522 36, 171 3,263 1,959 1,304 1,120 31,788 968,982 191,050 11 16,302 16,241 6,728 80,940 2,056,063 2,686 168 98 70 47 2,471 11,655 8,141 12 4,271 5,251 9,246 51,000 1,308,597 1,610 75 42 33 15 1,520 7,979 3,771 13 84,332 72, 147 64,698 486,944 8,221,323 8,901 311 160 151 202 8,388 35,327 25,668 14 55,409 40,187 16,272 177,996 3,467,888 3,805 222 121 101 75 3,508 8,077 15,031 15 8,552 3,343 36,272 897,606 737 37 18 19 23 677 659 2,350 16 16,771 17,657 13,761 98,900 1,375,765 1,851 125 76 49 36 1,690 3,878 6,298 17 465,454 173,989 513,042 872,069 13,334,975 14,230 2,641 2,294 347 286 11,303 495,579 101,759 18 101,026 47,354 44,489 256,533 8,347,501 7,176 227 96 131 148 6,801 26,809 18,048 19 15,379,127 5,699,466 5,976,032 8,694,684 349,059,786 405,685 13,457 9,130 4,327 7,395 384,833 5,352,313 1,618,806 20 3,667,382 856,766 2,970,544 3,184,599 63,767,112 62,874 4,333 3,064 1,269 1,356 57,185 2,135,777 294,763 21 595,274 176,369 295, 982 962, 798 21,934,201 31,292 3,259 2,628 631 474 27,559 522, 176 95,039 22 3,579,472 287,460 2,376,956 3,082,154 76,658,974 86,389 2,643 1,425 1,218 1,310 82,4.36 990, 389 225,330 23 4,048,606 1,948,756 470, 205 1,524,079 67,714,479 42,133 680 118 562 1,056 40,397 452,602 273,861 24 445,146 62,755 40,957 306,144 7,459,404 6,567 386 216 170 98 6,083 38,496 24,864 25 10,731,959 2,824, 161 2,157,108 623,751 58,664,852 19,596 547 169 378 935 18,114 337,792 151,834 26 349,440 43,574 40,836 319,784 13,877, 781 19,904 668 423 245 226 19,010 81,458 23,453 27 1,954,092 158,086 162,084 1,149,797 31,667,525 32,462 2,450 1,783 667 336 29,676 339,077 109,672 28 10,647 4,300 1,325 18,771 564,812 960 79 51 28 21 860 34,695 2,025 29 4,776 102,003 50 84,843 6,432,417 3,987 75 31 44 46 3,866 31,933 15,648 30 1,551 414 5,593 8,416 322,517 527 28 16 12 8 491 1,038 815 31 1,665,839 147,570 395,947 991,660 18,722,634 18,201 1,383 1,074 309 377 16,441 598,868 66,943 32 4,392 1,624 5,800 30,947 516,213 671 30 9 21 13 628 642 1,480 33 133,786 88,559 8,303 524,669 5,782,045 8,201 279 101 178 177 7,745 109,419 18,118 34 418,353 150,074 119,028 675,698 8,795,646 17,596 329 86 243 374 16,893 294,416 34,630 35 7,796,172 965,443 4,465,926 4,556, 270 76,287,889 82,808 2,236 909 1,327 2,168 78, 404 5,569,353 416,282 36 20,212 7,565 37,386 109,075 1,358,617 3,094 231 165 66 38 2,825 75,296 6,062 37 10,336 10,783 6,680 .55,838 1,252,792 2,079 45 13 32 20 2,014 47,899 7,012 38 58,717 13,236 1,903 121,628 2,874,595 4,267 186 58 128 67 4,014 136, 129 10,698 39 197,792 70,493 217,691 614,962 8,846,665 5,796 173 9 164 140 5,483 270, 167 42,366 40 422,579 96, 122 184,903 684, .561 12, 100,075 23,393 870 338 532 490 22,033 710,636 53.203 41 617,097 94,575 54,372 597,;i95 12,692,547 18,968 482 87 395 458 18,028 807, 131 34,523 42 333,828 185,350 767,385 1,550,439 24,350,667 32,643 832 76 756 1,016 30,795 850,972 91,924 43 193,990 18,084 117, 195 208, 141 4,603,845 6, 739 215 75 140 102 6,422 110,526 14,080 44 496, 198 67,501 62,440 3,222, 131 6,547,050 1,163 131 72 59 79 953 102, 251 8,445 45 2,783,975 308,216 2, 137,314 1,312,185 25,637,892 15,842 1,349 648 701 573 13,920 1,211,893 95,074 46 917,799 62,333 152,096 417,209 10, 742, 1,50 7,643 461 261 200 225 6,957 420,263 32,003 47 1,822,875 453,386 394,499 1,049,933 54,991,961 21,791 769 604 265 519 20,503 119,642 174,389 48 27,632 158, 145 23,036 382,868 8,049,342 3,940 284 169 115 64 3,592 48,920 26,278 49 107,834 61,409 61,542 346, 707 10,572, 188 8,983 306 202 104 178 8,499 85,550 30,338 50 1,017,447 542,972 2,996,083 1,151,7.56 45,680, 135 26,783 1,411 647 764 603 24,769 213,875 98,777 51 78,995 40,410 132,535 318,423 5,587, 744 6,112 210 86 124 220 5,682 397, 174 16,042 52 8,256 431,829 238,982 874, 462 34,217,651 14, 104 301 100 201 352 13,451 44,217 47,272 53 71,911 211,920 265,060 771,310 22,083,282 11,735 390 102 288 341 11,004 74,650 47,228 54 275,556 243,129 196,768 601,912 23,271,597 6,263 487 213 274 204 5,572 38,431 26,862 55 141,231 93,593 14,462 226,886 10,537,5.56 7,653 162 48 114 148 7,343 107,989 20,742 56 16,935 12,917 7,717 72,486 1,191,512 1,299 174 112 62 38 1,087 33,708 8,070 57 2,814,259 576,946 595, 130 2,232,767 63,382,454 27,219 2,927 1,799 1,128 934 23,358 827,28.5 162,238 < The follovring numbers of persons, which could not be distributed by states, are included under the proper headings in the United States totals: Aggregate, 074; salaried ofhcers of corporations, superintendents, and managers, 310; and clerks, 004. 72497°— 13 36 5(;2 ABSTRACT OF TllC: CENSUS— MINING. PK(H)U(:iNG MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS— LAND CONTROLLED, CAPITAL, EXPENSES, VALUE OF PRODUCTS, 23 ! ’ruble aH EXPENSES OF OPE Num- ber of mines, quar- ries, and wells. Services. INDUSTRY. Num- ber of oper- ators. Land controlled (acres). Capital, 'I’otal. Salaried officers of corpora- tions, superin- tendents, and managers. Clerks and other salaried employees. All Industries (U. S.) .. 19,915 24,215,611 $3,380,525,841 $1,042,642,693 $32,813,748 $20,569,803 Fuels: Coal, anthracite 192 423 405, 134 240,928,078 139,324,407 2,317,223 2,206,081 Coal, bituminous 3,50.3 6,01.3 7,717,615 1,002, 197,083 395,907,020 12,724,418 9,070,477 Petroleum and natural gas. 7,793 166,320 12,694,838 08.3,208,497 135,038,044 4,848,224 2,393,657 Feat 10 10 1,629 318,024 96,034 17, 178 3,018 Metals: Iron 170 483 1,313,214 300,73.5,917 74,071,830 1,749,989 1,039,973 Copper 101 368 275,598 301,890,296 107,679,212 1,928,167 1,785,801 Precious metals — Deep mines 1,004 2,845 374,685 443,71.5,258 08,704,692 2,816,900 980,474 Placer mines 678 880 213,578 56,840,870 6,810,482 359,370 71,. 397 Lead and zinc 977 1, 142 12.5,322 62,027,935 24,453,299 896,722 195,844 Quicksilver 12 12 22,837 2,718,812 718,801 63,441 15, 140 Manganese 3 8 3,457 960, 000 21,725 4,020 29,901 480 Tungsten 22 116 7,624 1,468,428 365,780 3,240 Structural materials 3,988 4, 003 341,695 1 132,041,780 63,041,585 2 3,042,297 2 1, 504, 442 Limestone 1, ()G5 1,916 128,495 44,089,470 23,87.5,507 1,227,7.58 490,238 Granite 707 820 51,398 25,422,307 16, 192, 138 741,171 328,301 Sandstone 595 077 05,580 15,758,455 0,620,438 398, 383 132,086 Marble 77 108 43.445 20,272,755 4,842,835 281,018 102,089 Slate 185 219 19,897 12,177,350 5, 831, '250 300,899 98, 580 Traprock 196 220 18, 085 8,745,553 5, 090, .538 244,777 102,317 Bluestone 503 037 14, 795 1,299,789 1,182,873 53,052 8,446 Miscellaneous: Asbestos 5 20 3,045 88,000 72,747 7,940 2,200 Asphaltiim and bitumi- 12 19 7, 137 2,557,273 301,673 39,809 4,320 nous rock. Barytes 23 42 14,079 472,751 176,967 13,623 6,560 Bauxite 10 10 14,214 3,023,414 310,221 24,878 7,008 Buhrstonesand millstones. 14 14 506 9, 085 18,354 225 Clay 261 336 59,053 0,780,077 2,289, 198 180,863 44,024 Corundum and emery 4 0 1,553 310,909 7,459 1,044 Feldspar 22 28 3,556 505,709 238, 896 25,307 3,336 Fluorspar 1.3 15 3,434 19.5,215 319,426 19,649 5,024 Fuller’s earth 16 21 6.644 1,362,427 274,770 33,8.80 4,470 Garnet 3 4 5,390 181,858 98,206 3, 5.50 900 Graphite 19 20 5,984 1,505,708 328, 090 23,588 2,426 Grindstones 13 25 2,004 304,. 324 339, 261 20, 572 5,373 Gvpsum 78 222 54,215 10,213,284 4,905,062 288,954 262,935 Infusorial earth 14 10 2,305 147,900 61,083 4,990 120 Magnesite 6 13 2,309 89,016 62, 444 5,338 2,105 Marl 3 3 2,250 70, 140 17,812 2,895 1,0.30 Mica 73 78 12,255 1,261,780 182,828 13, 570 900 Mineral pigments 23 26 1,337 50,5.50 380, .501 11.5,800 15,082 1,800 Monazite and zircon 4 4 63,000 50,909 3,100 GOO Oilstones, scythestones, 21 45 3,928 247, 478 99, '259 4,083 1,000 and whetstones. Phosphate rock 51 153 340, 697 30,042,656 7,421,4.30 430,523 100,407 Precious stones 2,3 27 2,858 701,945 195,908 36,109 2,700 4 320 4,400 6,0.S7 734,355 90 Pvrite 11 12 9,179 1,717,410 34,573 20,329 Quartz 14 14 1,877 343,883 155,418 10, 447 2,679 Sulphur 4 4 6,747 5, 293, 900 4,538,3,89 64,290 46,059 Talc and soapstone 39 46 11,576 8,0.59,744 1,036,371 42,493 71,3,34 31,678 Tripoli 4 7 874 170,800 6,000 840 All other indu.stries < 10 27 27,843 6, 891,. 550 1 740,874 38,950 12,086 Wage earners. $586,774,079 $173,411,438 Supplies, materials, and fuel. Supplies and materials. $29,318,318 92,317,059 294, 190, 488 27,091,050 40,313 29,7.31,450 49,382,979 30,808,371 2,669,574 10,477,657 407, 544 11,988 178,345 39,661,871 14,082, 185 11,112,195 3,993,340 3,079,023 4,088,053 2,538,904 707,511 31,189 128,977 90,310 198, 273 10, 025 1,361,022 3, 075 100, 653 108,445 118,029 40,204 160,009 148,323 1,820,877 27,027 32, 479 9,687 124, 058 43,974 5, 040 69,884 3,215,061 95,972 4,778 408, 419 81,648 324, 538 504,116 22, 657 373,269 23,504,740 40,064,899 39,947,013 6,490 12,597,428 23,718,373 14,100,017 2,194,444 4,836,023 130,847 3,401 85,555 8,800, 184 3,754, 125 1,921,912 909,955 544, 327 .521,701 1,018,090 130,014 23, 120 66, 159 21 , 2li 280, 40, .34, 35, 19, 69, 99, 980, 4, 0, 1 , 10, 14, 1 , 4, 898, 30, 1,52, 17 , 248, 196, 7, Purchased ore and natural gas (duplica- tion in product). 433,801 9,888,877 10,596,964 0, 451, 627 '1,947,047 125,340 Fuel and rent of power. $46,136,550 3,193,226 7,509,947 1,444,595 17,974 4,632,289 13,324,157 5, 105,253 075,602 2,400,724 54,5.31 498 8,648 3,482,054 1,507,628 757,078 319,961 261, 089 327,. 397 279,083 29,219 400 13,598 408 024 25 389 6 , 33, 108, 15, 24, 48, 5 , 35, 11 , 573, 9 , 7, 1 12 , 7, 6 , 892 414 010 795 922 502 459 235 556 525 392 775 0 001 1,360,368 1,012 71,. 537 12,065 708,384 06, .3.39 2, 006 138,929 1 Includes $4,876,095 which can not be distributed among the several industries. 2 In some cases the same operator conducted two or more quarries producing different kinds of stone, all quarries being managed through one central administra- tive oflice. In such Instances it was Impossible to assign the corporate officers and the central office force to any particular quarry; this was also tho case in respect to taxes, which were reported in a lump sum for all properties. Tho total central office expenses wore accordingly apjwrtioned among tho sever, ,1 industries in proportion to the total expenses of each, and the estimated amounts of such administrative expenses were added to “.Sundry expenses’’ for each industry. In the totals for “ Structural materials.’’ however, the number of officers and salaried employees, as well as their salaries, and the amount of taxes, appear under tho proper heads. The amounts thus included in the item of “ Sundry expenses ’’ for individual industries and distributed in the totals for “ Structural materials ’’ are as follows; Officers, $389,239; clerks, $242,325; and taxes, $27,767. / INDUSTRIES AND STATES. 563 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES, AND POWER, FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909. EXPENSES or OPICUATION .VND UEVELOPMENT— Continued. 1 Value of products. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES. Miscellaucoiis. j Per cent of total. ‘ Aggre- gate. Proprietors and officials. Clerks and other salaried em- ployees. Royalties and rent of mines. Taxes. Contract work. Rent of oificcs and other sundry expenses. Serv- ices. Sup- plies. Mis- cella- neous. Total. Proprietors and firm members. Salaried ollicers of cor- pora- tions, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Total. Num- ber per- forming manual labor. 1 $63, 973, 585 $17, 796, 763 $28, 887, 898 $43,950,513 61.4 23.8 14.S $1,238,410,322 1,139, 332 49,374 29,922 8,861 19,452 24,675 2 7,980,739 2,681,877 1,701,514 3,361,408 69.5 19.2 11.3 149,180,471 178,004 1,315 188 72 1,127 3,185 3 12,082,488 4,481,816 2,209,672 13,127,020 79.8 12.1 8.1 427,962,464 592,677 11,620 3,739 1,713 7,881 11,268 4 21,282,820 2,576,986 10,736,510 9, 428,. 312 25.3 37.8 36.9 185,416,684 62,172 19,353 16,213 2, 155 3, 140 2,988 800 907 9, 354 63.0 25.5 11.5 109, 047 203 15 1 14 6 15,174,735 3,970,355 2,698,842 1,876,703 44.7 23.3 32.0 106,947,082 55 , 176 1,109 70 24 1,033 1,837 7 1,789,656 1,934,158 644,562 2,574,335 49.3 44.2 6.5 134,610,987 55,258 661 79 42 582 1,454 8 1,163,985 1,084,576 3,603.984 2,588,899 50.4 37.3 12.3 83,885,928 37, 755 3,359 2,011 951 1,348 780 9 141,716 119,369 99,582 479, 422 45.5 42.2 12.3 10,237,252 5,436 1,149 951 673 198 88 10 2, 301,850 167, 188 197,259 1,032,985 47.3 37.6 15.1 31,363,094 24,397 2,525 1,947 1,171 578 269 11 5,208 6,957 9,878 25, 255 67.6 25.8 6.6 868, 458 640 27 3 24 15 12 678 78.7 18.2 3.1 20. 435 7 4 1 3 1 13 1,375 3,213 40,976 14,527 57.8 25.8 16.4 563,457 227 45 32 20 13 5 14 1,439,445 2 496, 235 463,590 2 4,151,467 70.4 19.3 10.3 75,992,908 3 101,129 3 0,744 4,106 1,827 3 2,638 3 2,035 15 488,919 161,117 201,880 1,961,657 60.2 22.0 11.8 29,832, 492 41,029 2, 645 1,634 640 1,011 689 16 194,349 113,097 65,744 958, 231 75.2 16.6 8.2 18,997,976 22, 211 1,248 730 318 518 402 17 97,604 53,075 73,359 648, 675 68.3 18.5 13.2 7,702,423 11,025 913 587 215 326 204 18 47,911 70, 610 27, ,344 428,818 71.5 10.6 11.9 6,239,120 6,049 188 49 6 139 148 19 271,252 33,192 28,962 154, 560 77.1 14.5 8.4 6,054,174 10,121 499 221 70 278 184 20 282,501 32,301 60,204 532, 302 56.7 25.5 17.8 5,578,317 6,748 317 116 22 201 171 21 56,909 5,070 6,097 126,555 70.0 13.5 16.5 1,588,406 3,020 827 709 556 58 18 22 846 400 6, 607 56.8 32.3 10.9 65,140 88 5 5 4 23 1,517 5,694 15,546 20, 053 57.4 26.4 16.2 466,461 241 20 20 6 34 14,232 1,967 14,346 7,705 62.5 15.9 21.6 224,766 372 35 23 11 12 7 25 6, 909 3,993 19, 271 73.0 17.0 9.5 670, 829 726 27 1 1 26 9 26 271 28 '097 91.8 2.8 5.4 34,441 79 19 18 1 27 85,403 25,147 48,068 154, 729 69.3 17.0 13.7 2 , 945 ; 948 4,351 404 244 77 160 76 28 708 11 1,761 63.3 3.5 33.2 18,185 19 2 2 29 9,238 1,473 8,681 27 ; 404 56.7 23.7 19.6 271', 437 363 28 11 7 17 10 30 1,917 1,012 949 63,321 60.5 18.5 21.0 288,509 376 27 8 4 19 7 31 582 2,863 67 30,478 57.1 30.5 12.4 315, 762 380 27 3 3 24 8 32 6,850 4,809 16,547 45.5 25.7 28.8 101,920 120 7 5 2 2 1 33 5,705 3,401 4,000 23,918 56.6 32.1 11.3 344, 130 436 26 2 2 24 6 34 3,348 2, 134 25,597 19,882 51.4 33.6 15.0 413, 296 430 16 5 2 11 6 35 74,916 39,002 10,558 842,243 48.4 31.8 19.8 5,812, 810 4,215 163 6 4 157 274 36 735 813 2,430 10, 701 53.6 22.4 24.0 75,503 99 23 10 1 7 1 37 253 252 8,179 63.9 22.2 13.9 68, 403 84 8 3 2 5 2 38 247 1,065 75.8 16.8 7.4 13,307 38 7 4 3 2 39 5,684 852 6,036 8', 299 76.1 12.5 11.4 200; 794 008 133 116 63 17 2 40 3,469 1,255 20,388 7,407 52.5 19.4 28 . 1 151,015 246 35 20 2 15 2 41 100 303 30,500 2,740 17.2 5.0 77.8 64,472 34 8 6 2 1 42 1,061 1,211 6,622 3,840 75.5 11.7 12.8 206,028 232 25 19 9 6 1 43 345,568 86,859 251,849 671,478 51.3 30.4 18.3 10,781,192 8,573 214 17 197 173 44 1,746 27, 860 68.8 16. 1 15. 1 315, 464 145 33 5 28 5 45 190 '490 80.0 8.8 11.2 30i 097 25 5 5 3 2 46 887 6, 145 2,730 37,592 63.1 30.5 6.4 676; 984 1, 160 22 4 18 27 47 2,959 1,512 16,351 10,296 61.0 19.0 20.0 231,025 208 18 7 11 6 48 53,606 361 3,092,768 9.6 21.1 69.3 4, 432, 066 460 13 13 39 49 31,287 is; 501 3,550 116,512 58.6 25.3 16.1 1 ', 174 ; 516 1,452 64 16 2 48 52 50 2, 662 713 208 69.4 22. 1 8.5 66,557 73 11 4 7 2 61 2, 152 8,933 500 40, 715 57.3 35.7 7.0 778, 938 560 20 4 3 16 13 Wage earners Dec. 15, or nearest repre- sentative day. 1,065,283 Primary horse- power. 4,608,253 173,504 569,789 39,831 182 52,230 53, 143 33,616 4,199 21,603 598 57 177 92,350 37,695 20,561 9,908 6,313 9,438 6,260 2,175 79 215 330 690 60 3,871 17 325 342 345 112 404 408 3,778 75 74 29 473 209 25 206 8,186 107 18 1,111 184 408 1,336 60 527 676,753 1,227,401 1,221,969 1,416 346,534 376,464 200,966 27,278 110,559 784 175 486 303,443 125,024 61,095 33,487 21,779 29,777 29,211 3,069 380 828 263 1,565 8,868 993 1,179 1,739 315 2.647 1.648 17,685 316 126 105 463 849 45 443 50,526 109 5,758 1,219 3,114 9,433 265 3,141 3 The following numbers of persons, which could not be distributed among the several industries, are included under the proper headings in the totals for building stone; Aggregate, 326; officers of corporations, 107; and clerks, 219. * Includes enterprises as follows: Antimony, 1; bismuth, 1; borax, 2; chromite, 2; manganiferous iron, 2; nickel and cobalt, 1; and tin, 1. AliSTRACJT OF THE CENSUS— MINING r)()4 NONPRODUOING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS— PERSONS ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES LAND CONTROLLED, POWER, (lAPITAL, AND EXPENSES: 1909. Table :29 INDU.STRY. Num- ber of ojicr- ators. All Industries i United States! 3,749 Fcel.s; Coal, antliracite Coal, bituminous Petroleum and natural gas. Metals: Iron Copper Precious metals: Deep mines Placer mines Lead and zinc Quicksilver Manganese llmgsten 6 38 260 20 13 3,078 132 63 18 5 12 Steuctural materials; Limestone Granite Marble Slate Miscell.aneous: Asbestos Clay Fluorspar Graphite Gypsum Mica Oilstones, scythestones, and ivhetstones Phosphate rock Precious stones 9 3 11 9 5 6 3 S 4 4 4 5 All other industries * 29 ! Num- ber of mines, quar- ries. ana wells. PER.SON3 ENGAGED IN MINING INDUSTRIES. Land controlled (acres;. Primary horse- power. Capital. Aggre- gate. I’roprietors and officials. Clerks and other salaried em- ployees. Wage earners Dec. 15, or near- est rep- resenta- tiveday. Total. Propriet ors and firm members. Offi- cials. Total. Num- ber pier- forming manual labor. 27,616 5,494 3,769 1,076 1,725 623 21,499 1,969,067 91,657 $282, 001.223 6 327 6 6 321 1 513 1,945 99 728 55 765 50 9 5 41 30 685 89,700 2 ; 609 9,402,665 1 128 1,917 396 207 19 189 70 1,451 1, 115, 101 8,577 14, 166,314 21 804 1 23 5 2 18 28 753 30,420 3,471 4,850,839 13 799 39 39 54 706 15,579 4,248 1 1 , 07.3, 777 1 8,352 20, 453 4,426 3, 135 881 1,291 399 15,628 598,832 59 , 224 233, 123, 939 192 772 199 152 103 47 5 568 54, 154 5,001 3,364,271 71 494 150 123 28 27 8 336 4,737 3,486 1,094,711 28 139 27 19 9 8 1 111 9,139 120 893,800 9 42 9 6 3 33 4,016 248 105 650 84 109 14 7 1 94 3,470 127 459 , 602 9 159 19 17 2 4 136 3,024 879 273, 121 3 18 6 5 1 12 76 13,990 20 81 19 13 6 1 61 4, 136 206 486,352 10 94 16 12 5 4 78 395 390 166,081 76 25 4 1 4 2 19 2, 455 264 7.34 6 46 16 14 1 2 30 '973 20 34 , 760 3 14 4 3 1 10 147 10 116,500 6 35 6 1 3 5 3 26 11,005 85 258,018 6 25 4 3 2 I 21 1,230 10 46,741 4 29 5 3 3 2 24 165 13,708 4 13 6 6 1 7 240 50 2,600 33 137 ' s 2 4 6 2 127 3, 765 455 132,000 a 27 11 11 2 16 261 22,125 54 292 31 16 7 15 15 246 15,534 496 1,612,197 expenses op operation and development. INDUSTRY. Total. .Services. Supplies, materials, and fuel. Contract work. Miscellaneous expenses. Salaried officers of corporations, superintend- ents, and managers. Clerks and other salaried employees. Wage earners. Supplies and materials. Fuel and rent of power. All Industries (United States) $31,548,736 $2,092,650 $392,277 $12,931 910 $10,877,732 $1,366,862 $1,802,560 $2. 084. ’,45 Fuels: Coal, anthracite 263, 501 7, 151 3,009 173, 438 58,956 2,563 1,351 17,033 Coal, bituminous 748,867 :i7,795 14,878 229,028 164,677 2,137 214,310 86,042 Petroleum and natural gas 7,044,383 191,155 25,543 1,002,383 4,937,764 198,552 303, 162 385,824 Metals: Iron 862,301 18,068 15,962 310,530 237,882 83,674 63,775 126,410 Copper 900,252 57,882 .34,566 475, 123 167,906 75,113 12,698 76,974 Precioas metals— Deep mines 20,321,074 1,630,738 276, ,360 10,080, 470 5,017,908 951,148 1,089,536 1,268,914 Placer mines 506, 426 49,685 1,375 243,3,36 145,138 6,219 27, 487 33, 186 Lead and zinc 241,450 16,501 2, 712 86,442 39,205 24,161 63,336 9,093 96,904 7,050 900 69,354 10,367 1,970 7,263 19i 167 2^203 12; 324 2 \ 168 1,262 1,210 83; 877 15,412 816 •12; 204 14;960 565 9,920 Structural material- : Limestone 77,112 874 2,592 22,612 42,424 679 4,420 3,511 4,574 600 2,395 1,510 69 Marble 43,531 7,380 600 19; 054 8, .379 2,206 1,800 4,112 29,175 3,890 19,532 2,625 2, 427 701 Mlscellaneous: 36,893 8,177 1,420 14, an 1,422 11,, 563 6’ 996 '900 3^773 uooo 40 1,283 4^218 t 1,320 2,010 449 245 194 Graplute 62,801 iLioo 1,508 14,577 2,225 108 11,028 22,255 6,290 120 4,1.30 1,6,35 5 400 5; 343 600 2,378 70S 1,102 500 55 1,805 937 165 70 633 37; 567 4,825 350 24,673 1,421 3,828 2,470 2,227 1,811 301 115 All other indu.stries ? l42,(Kr2 10,224 7,318 64, 755 10,143 9,9,30 9,117 1.5,615 ' Exclusive of wells not completed on Dec. 31, 1909. z Includes enterprises as follow-: Antimony, 1; a.sj>baltnin and bituminous rock, 2; bhie.slone, 1; borax. 1; ebromile, 1: feldsiiar, 1; garnet, 1; griiulstones, 1 : infii.sorlal earth, 1; lithographic stone, 2; lithium, 1; magnesite, I, mineral iiigmcnts, 2; molybdenum, 4; mouaiite and zircon, 1; imut, 2; iiyrile, J; ipiarlz, 1; tin, 1; titanium, 1; uranium, 1; and vanadium, 1. SUPPLEMENT EOR ILLINOIS POPULATION AGRICULTURE MANUFACTURES MINES AND QUARRIES Ji HOH ^■HH^/■yLn!!,] DA'i^fKAM Part taken to form part of Delta precinct In 1900. t Organized from parts of Clear Creek and Elco precincts in 1900. ® Parts taken to form parts of Delta and Tamms precincts in 1900 and 1900, respectively. * Olive Branch precinct organized from parts of Goose Island and Unity pre- cincts in 1900. ® Part taken to form part of Tamms precinct In 1906. MINOR aVIL DIVISION. Bond County— Continued. Central township. Including GreenvlUeclty Greenville city Ward 1 Wards TFordS Lagrange township Mills township Mulberry Grove township. Including Mulberry Grove village Mulberry Grove village Old Ripley township. Including Old Ripley village Ota Ripley village ® Pleasant Mound township. Including Smith- boro village Smilhboro village Shoal Creek township. Including Sorento village and parts of Donnellson and Panama villages. Donnellson village (part of) Total for Donnellson village ‘® in Shoal Creek township, Bond County, and East Fork and Grisham townships, Montgomery County. . Panama village (part of) Total for Panama village * in Shoal Creek township, Bond County, and Grisham township, Montgomery County Sorento village Tamalco township, including part of Keyesport village Keyesport village (part of) Total for Keyesport village in Tamalco town- ship, Bond County, and Irishtown town- ship, Clinton County Boone County. Belvldere township, including Belvidere city... Belvidere city B’ard 1 Wards Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Bonus township Boone township. Including Capron village and part of Poplar Grove village Capron village Poplar Grove village (part of) Total for Poplar Grove village in Boone and Caledonia townships Caledonia township, including part of Poplar Grove village Poplar Grove village (part of) Flora township Le Roy township Manchester township Spring township Brown County. Buckhom township Cooperstown township Elkhorn township Lee township, including Mound Station town. , Mound Station town Missouri township Mount Sterling township, including Mount Sterling city Mount Sterling city Ward 1 Ward S Ward S Pea Ridge township Ripley township. Including Ripley town Ripley town Versailles township. Including Versailles town., Versailles town Bureau County. Arlsple township. Including part of Tlskllwa village Tiskilwa village (/part of) Total for Tiskilwa village in Arispie and Indianto7on townships Berlin township, including Malden village and part of Dover village Dover village (part of) Total for Dover village in Berlin and Dover townships Malden village 1910 1900 1890 4,370 3,467 2,793 3,178 S,604 1,868 1,S99 ' 96 S 9S7 1,153 1,364 1,401 937 994 1,084 2, 132 2,168 2,008 716 6SS 1,156 1,061 1,099 146 1,385 1,466 1,573 SOI S14 S9S 2,932 2,725 2,170 20 405 S68 SIS 708 1,018 1,000 6S8 1,230 1,282 1,076 SSO S49 670 600 16,481 16,791 12,203 8, 417 8,347 4,832 7,S63 6,9S7 S,867 1,682 1,533 1,231 1,439 1,368 1,006 1,114 1,015 1,563 1,469 1,474 66S 60S 4S6 1S7 ISS 89 S97 SSS SSS 1, 125 1,176 1,227 170 SOI 143 891 937 869 750 842 868 730 884 935 999 1,022 983 10,397 11,667 11,961 786 1,025 1,013 1, 193 1,411 1,466 975 1, 128 1,274 931 1, 108 1,277 194 178 S19 683 786 873 3,023 3, 138 2,822 1,986 1,960 1,666 752 550 684 838 946 1,012 397 491 496 SS4 S98 304 1, .571 1,624 1,718 667 6S4 617 43,976 41,112 36,014 1,094 1,209 1,043 4S6 496 S6S 867 966 801 1,009 1,052 1,126 S4 S7 SO 181 S47 SSO S55 SG9 319 ® Organized from parts of Elco and Sandusky precincts In 1906. ' Inconioratod in 1905. 8 Returned In 1900 as in Bond County only. ® Incorporated in 1906. >» Returned In 1900 as In East Fork and Grisham townships, Montgomery County, only. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 575 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continual. (The word "precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MIMOB CIVIL DIVISION. Bureau County— Continued. Bureau township Clarion township Concord township, Inciudlng Buda and Shef- field villages Btida village Sheffield village Dover township. Including part of Dover village. Dover village (part of) Fairfield township Gold township Greenville township Hall township, including Dalzell, Ladd, Mar- quette, and Seatonvlile villages and Spring Valley city Dalzdl village > Ladd village Marquette village » Seatonville village Spring Valle]/ city Ward 1 Ward ! Ward S Ward 4 Wards Indiantown township, Including part of Tls- kUwa village Tiskilwa village (part of) La MoiUe township. Including La MolUe village. La Moille village Leepertown township. Including Bureau vil- las Bureau village Macon township Manlius township. Including Manlius village Manlius village « Milo township Mineral township, Including Mineral village Mineral village Neponset township, including Neponset village. Neponset village Ohio township. Including Ohio village Ohio village Princeton township, including Princeton city. .. Princeton city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Selby township, Including Depue and Holloway- vllle villages Depue village Hotlowayviue village * Walnut township. Including Walnut village Walnut village Westfield township, including Arlington and Cherry villages Arlington village Cherry village ’ Wheatland township Wyanet township, including Wyanet village... Wyanet village Calhoun County . Belleview precinct Carlin precinct Crater precinct. Including KampsvUIe village . . Kampsville village Gilead precinct Hamburg precinct, including Hamburg village. Hanmirg village Hardin precinct. Including Hardin village Hardin village Point precinct, including Brussels village Brussels village Rlchwoods precinct, including Batchtown vil- lage Batchtown village Carroll County. Cherry Grove township .’ EUrhom Grove township Fairhaven township, including part of Chad- wick village Chadwick village (part of) Total for Chadwick village e in Fairhaven and Salem townships Freedom townsliip Lima township Mount Carroll township. Including part of Mount Carroll city Mount Carroll city (part of) Total for Mount Carroll city in Mount Car- roll and Salem townships 1910 735 611 2,554 m 1,009 896 147 797 646 1,006 12,493 949 1,910 494 1,S70 7, OSS 642 1,188 7S3 2,918 1,SS9 1,093 43! 1,289 SSS 654 SS4 743 912 218 741 1,018 S49 1,267 S42 1,353 S27 5,227 4,131 1,320 78S 1,061 96S 2,418 1,339 196 1,420 763 1,991 370 1,048 343 1,665 872 8,610 18,035 794 431 1,278 S19 S27 589 323 1,797 897 1,7S0 1900 761 705 2,965 873 1,26S 1,076 210 921 766 1,123 9,844 'i‘,S24 909 6,214 1,271 469 1,345 S76 715 64S 692 793 731 1,258 339 1,224 sie 1,322 461 4,886 4,023 1,662 488 207 1,501 791 1,118 400 369 1,803 902 8,917 1,366 634 773 330 682 1,217 308 9.'>4 494 1,932 270 1,3.59 360 18,963 874 488 1,373 SOS SOS 631 362 1,951 1,009 1,96S 1890 779 792 2,759 990 993 1,188 190 847 499 946 5,683 SS6 3,837 1,277 439 1,312 S18 556 363 731 810 792 905 188 1,209 S42 1,197 364 4,491 3,396 1,565 4SS 1,368 60S 1,224 436 405 1,510 670 7,652 1,168 548 580 172 64; 963 801 31 1,741 228 1,203 18,320 988 506 1,146 682 421 2,977 1,836 1,836 umoB crviL division. Carroll County— Continued. Rock Creek township, including Lanark city.. Lanark city Wardl Ward 2 Ward 3 , Saiem township, including parts of Chad- wick village and Mount Carroll city Chadwick village’’ (part of) Mount Carroll city (part of) Savanna township, including Savanna city Savanna city Wardl Ward 2 Wards Shannon township, including Shannon village. Shannon village Washington township Woodland township Wysox township, including Milledgeville vil- lage Milledgeville village York township. Including Thomson village Thomson village Cass County. Arenzvlllo precinct, Including Arenzvllle village. Arenzmlle village Ashland precinct including Ashland village Ashland village Bluff Springs precinct Chandlerville precinct. Including ChandlervlUe village Chandlerville village East Beardstown precinct. Including parts of wards 1 and 2 of Beardstown city Beardstown city (part of) Total for Beardstown city in East and West Beardstown precincts Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Hickory precinct Indian Creek precinct Monroe precinct Oregon precinct Philadelphia precinct Princeton precinct Richmond precinct Virginia precinct, including Virginia city Virginia city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 West Beardstown precinct Including wards 3 and 4 and parts of wards 1 and 2 of Beardstown city Beardstown city (part of) Champaign County. Ayers township. Including Broadlands village and part of .Allerton village Allerton village (part of) Total for Allertoh village^ in Ayers township, ^ Champaign County, and Sidell township, Vermilion County Broadlands village 8 Brown township, Including Fisher village Fisher village Champaign township. Including Champaign city ; Champaign cily^ Wardl Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 Wards Wards Ward 7 Colfax township Compromise township Condit township Crittenden township East Bend township Harwood township Hensley township Kerr township Ludlow township. Including Ludlow village and part of Rantoul village Ludlow village Rantoul village ■'> (part of) Total for Rantoul village’” in Ludlow and Rantoul townships > Incorporated In 1903. • Incorporated in 1907. • Incorporated in 1905. • Returned as Holloway In 1900. ‘Returned In 1900 as in Fairhaven township only. ‘ County total includes population (4,434) of Beardstown city and that part of county not returned by precincts In 1890. I Exclusive of population of Beardstown city. 8 Incorporated in 1902. 8 Part of Urbana township annexed in 1907. >8 Returned in 1900 as in Rantoul township only. 1910 1!)00 1890 1,849 2,09.3 2,144 1,175 1,306 1,296 SSS 4S6 406 1,498 1,657 803 8 862 956 4,357 3,938 3,445 3,691 3,326 3,097 1,175 1,295 1,221 '927 1,066 979 633 678 591 581 687 598 794 914 878 1,334 1,442 1,352 630 633 U6 1,483 1,487 1,401 487 467 374 17,372 17,222 ‘15,963 1,222 1,263 1,135 518 462 356 1,452 1,629 1,477 1,096 1,201 1,04s 624 669 716 1,274 1,439 1,408 884 940 910 2, 163 1,985 ’ 405 1,684 1,341 6,107 4,827 4,226 l\SS7 1\1SS t,9S5 '401 386 396 361 408 392 368 387 312 630 725 753 546 633 644 275 335 321 854 898 978 2,397 2,588 2,534 1,601 1,600 1,602 647 497 467 4,805 3,877 '58 4,423 3,486 51,829 47,622 42,159 929 865 719 16 S79 4S0 1,396 1,544 1.3.12 850 614 13,353 9,966 6,619 12,421 9,098 5,839 1,806 1,964 1,990 1,524 1,423 1,997 1,718 '800 901 914 1,5,57 1,576 1,650 689 777 750 683 820 932, 879 1,113 1,122. 737 750 761. 596 610 642 418 427 366. 1,530 1,060 1,152- SOS 306 298 62S 1,384 1,207 1,074 570 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table •!.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (Tlio word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see ' Keports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOR avil. DIVISION. Champaign County— Continued. Mahomet township, Including Mahomet village. Mahomet village Newcomb township Ogden township. Including Ogden village Ogden village Posotiun township. Including Pesotum village . Pesotum village * Philo township. Including Philo village Philo village Ilantoul township. Including Thomasboro vil- lage and part of Rantoul village Thomasboro village ^ Rantoul village (part of) Raymond township, including Longview vil- lage Longview village > Sadorus township, Including parts of Ivesdale and Sadorus villages Ivesdale village (part of) Total for IvesdeUe village* in Sadorus town- ship, Champaign County, and Bement township, Piatt County Sadorus village (part of) Total for Sadorus village in Sadorus and Tolono townships St. Joseph township. Including St. Joseph vil- lage St. Joseph village Scott towiLship Sidney township. Including Sidney village Sidney village Somer township South Homer township. Including Homer vil- lage Homer village Stanton township Tolono township, including Tolono village and part of Sadorus village Sadorus village (part of) Tolono village Urbana township,^ including tJrbana city Crbana city Ward! Ward £ Ward S Ward 4 Ward B Christian County. Assumption township, including Assumption city A ssumption city » Ward I Wards Wards Bear Creek township, including Palmer town.. . Palmer town Buckhart township, including Edinburg village. Edinburg village Greenwood township Johnson township King township, including part of Harvel village. ilarvel village (part of) Total for Harvel village in King township, Christian County, and Harvel township, Montgomery County Locust township, including Owaneco village Owaneco village May townstiip Mosquito township Mount Auburn township, including Mount Au- burn village Mount Auburn vill^e Pana township, including Pana city Panacity Ward! Ward S Wards Ward 4 Wards Prairieton township Ricks township. Including Morrisonville village. Morrisonville village Rosemond township South Fork township Stonington township, including Stonington vil- lage Stonington village Taylorville township, including Taylorville city Taylorville city Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 1910 1900 1890 1,329 1,277 1,247 47S B6B BIB 744 854 959 1,389 1,392 419 1,433 m 834 1,096 1,094 1,038 1,239 1, 175 1,240 pi BBS BOS 1,995 2,365 2,391 861 1,207 1,074 1,052 1,093 1,204 257 1,688 1,757 476 1,656 4S9 S23 4S8 476 S2S S99 284 277. sse S40 277 1,406 681 1,491 1,699 6S7 BB2 984 1,026 978 1,303 481 1,452 B64 1,623 681 866 940 1,072 1,655 1,821 1,669 1,086 1,080 917. 759 865 847 1,379 S7 1,663 56 l,7JI 760 845 902 9,378 8,S4B 1,800 1,962 1,066 1,81B 1,602 34,594 6,948 6,728 4,488 S,B11 32,790 30,531 2,803 2,670 2,095 1,918 1,702 1,076 506 65t 701 1,243 1,239 1,321 4S2 404 299 2,047 2,671 2,408 918 1,071 806 797 952 1.075 838 937 983 787 882 926 98 95 S96 S57 246 1,150 1,225 1,254 365 255 832 885 864 1,134 1,175 1,377 1,634 463 1,440 1,546 S3B 222 7,297 0,561 6,143 6,0BB 1,258 1,276 B,6S0 8,077 l\S64 1,279 '978 888 1,028 i,0C7 1,789 1,675 1,652 1,126 9S4 844 1,058 1,069 1,180 1,169 1,395 1,506 1,915 1,261 4S8 1,096 1,118 270 7,213 5,725 4,038 B,446 4,248 2,829 1,758 1,027 1,480 1.181 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Clark County. Anderson township Auburn township Casey township, including Casey city Casey city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Uarwln township Holson township Douglas township Johnson township Marshall township, including Marshall city Marshall city:. MartinsvUle township, including Martinsville city Martinsville city t Melrose township Orange townshfp Parker township Wabash township Westfield township, including Westfield village. - Westfield village York township, including York village. . . Yorh village Clay County. Bible Grove township Blair township Clay City township, including Clay City village. Clay City village Harter township, including Flora city Flora city Ward 1 Wards IFard S Hoosier township, including part of Sailor Springs village Sailor Springs village (part of) Total for Sailor Springs village in Hoosier and Pizley townships Larkinsburg township Louisville township, including Louisville village. Louisville village Oskaloosa township Pixley to%vnship, including part of Sailor Springs village Sailor Springs village (part of) Songer township Stanford township Xenia township, mcluding Xenia village Xenia village Clinton County. Breese township, including Breese village Breese village Brookslde township, including parts of wards 3 and 5 of Centralia city Centralia city (part of) Total for Centralia city in Broohside township, Clinton County, lliid Centralia township, Marion County Ward 1 Wards Wards Ward 4 : Ward B Carlyle township, including Carlyle city Carlyle city Ward I Wards Ward S Clement township, including Huey village Huei/ village East Fork township Germantown township. Including Gennan- town village Oermantown village Irishtown townsliip, including part of Keycs- port village Kryesport village heart of) [For total, see Tamalco township. Bond County.] Lake township Looking Glass township, including New Baden and New Memphis villages New Baden village New Memphis village Meridian township St. Rose township Santa Fe township. Including Bartelso village. . Bartelso village 1910 1900 1890 1 1 23,617 24,033 21,899 1,102 1,341 1,293 49'4 561 655 3,490 2,907 2,286 2,157 I, BOO 844 624 777 756i 872' 1,152 1,103 1,01^. 1,197 1,191 389 45? 53l 1,381 1,440 1,205 3,626. 3,166. 2,931 2,889 2,077 1,900 2,63^ 2,299 2,056. 1,500 1,000 779 935 1,222 1,262 975 1,210 1,109 888* 854 73§ 2,892 3,301 3,017 1,3S9 1,503 1,190 927 820 BlQ 1,456 1,532 1,272 169 SBS 294 18,661 19,653 16,772 1,133 1,265 1,112 1,191 1,220 1,025 1,574 1,790 1,505 837 907 4,062 3,773 2,987 2,704 S,S11 1,696 860 1,056 '788 1,226 1,394 1,214 62 ISS S88 479 1,405 1,498 1,246 2,026 1,910 1,605 670 646 087 1,039 1,139 1,043 1,769 1,920 1,600 S26 840 855 886 877 1,340 1,492 1,245 1,041 1,266 1,314 634 800 878 22,832 19,824 17,411 3,580 2,614 1,827 2,128 1,B71 808 1,423 1,039 797 829 1S9 9,680 6,721 4,708 2,051 1,795 1,899 2,235 1,700 2; 273 2,271 2,066 1,982 1,874 1,784 692 699 591 598 730 623 205 267 828 868 789 1,482 1,432 1,353 711 6B5 6S7 1,(159 952 829 SBO 251 806 800 627 2,907 2,070 1,806 1,872 BIO 24.3 249 844 821 852 1,034 1,068 1,022 760 681 494 S44 274 > Incorporated In 1906. * Incorporated In 1900. » Incorporated In 1903. * Returned In 1900 as In Champaign County only. * Part annexed to Champaign olty In 1907. •Incorporated as a city In 1902. I Incorporated as a city in 190t. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 577 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Tlio word “precinct,” wbereused, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for tliose between 1890 and 1900 , see Reports of tlie Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MmOR CmL DIVISION. 1010 Clinton County— Continued. Sugar Creek township, including Aviston village and Trenton city AviHon village Trenton city Ward I Ward i Ward S Wade township, including Beckemeyer village.. Beekemeyer village * Wheatfield township Coles County. Ashmore township, Including Ashmore village. . Ashmore village Charleston township, including Charleston city. . Charleston city Ward! Ward S Ward S Ward 4 Ward S East Oakland township. Including Oakland city Oakland city Humboldt township, including Humboldt village r. . . . Humboldt village Hutton township Lafayette township Mattoon township, > Including Mattoon city ifatloon city^ Ward 1 Ward t Ward S Ward 4 Ward B Ward 6 Ward 7 Morgan township North Okaw township Paradise township Pleasant Grove township. Including Lema village Lerna village Seven Hickory township Cook County. Barrington township. Including part of Bar- rington village Barrington village (part of) Total for Barrington village in Barrington township, Cook County, and Cuba town- ship, Lake County Berwyn township,* coextensive vrtth Berwyn city Berwyn city; * Ward!, ..6 Wardi Ward S Ward 4 Bloom township, including Chicago Heights city, Qlenwood and South Chicago Heights villages, and parts of Homewood and Steger villages Chicago Heights city • Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Ward B Qlenwood village' Homewood village > (part of) Total for Homewood village • fn Bloom and Thornton townships South Chicago Heights village » Steger village (part of) Total Jar Steger village in Bloom township, Cook County, and Crete township. Will County Bremen townshifp. Including Tinley Park vil- las and part o Posen village Posen village (part of) Total for Posen village i* fn Bremen and Thornton towrtships Tinley Park village 3,079 S97 1,694 62S BIO BSI 1,414 764 745 34,617 1,831 BlI 6,902 B,884 1.509 1,070 1,005 945 1,BBB 2,067 1,159 1,699 S56 1,611 1,220 12,401 11,456 1,410 1,6/7 1,678 1.509 1,632 2,022 1,988 1,042 1,643 868 1,840 S91 1,393 2,406,233 1,953 9S9 1,4U 6,841 916 1,039 1,504 2,S82 18,339 14,525 S,879 1,636 2,692 2,188 4,130 581 174 713 552 919 2,161 1,898 309 343 309 1900 3,000 387 1,706 681 '797 34,146 2,081 476 6,760 5,488 2,403 1,198 1,761 319 1,984 1,246 10,583 9,622 1,165 1,848 900 1,914 396 1,501 1,838,736 1,814 770 1,162 7,120 5,100 352 357 712 1,881 300 1890 2,761 381 1,384 746 '820 30,093 2,101 446 5,450 4,135 2,243 995 1,732 279 2,180 1,276 7,790 6,833 1,046 1,822 1,062 1,935 'i,’456 1,191,922 1,742 586 848 ■1,514 1,453 » Incorporated in 1906. * Parts of Mattoon township annexed to Mattoon city In 1904, 1905, and 1907. « Organised from part of Cicero township in 1902. * Incorporated in 1902. * Part annexed to Homewood village In 1901. ' Incorporated as a city in 1901. ’ Incorporated In 1903. ' Retomed In 1900 as In Thornton towmship only. Part of Bloom township annexed in 1901. MINOR ervn, DIVISION. Cook County— Continued. ' Calumet township, including parts of Blue Island, Morgan Park, and Riverdale villages. . Blue Island village (part of) Total for Blue Island rAUage in Calumet and Worth townships Morgan Park village (part of) Total for Morgan Park village in Calumet and Worth townships Riverdale village (part of) Total for Riverdale village in Calumet and Thornton townships Chicago city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 Ward 6 Ward 7 Ward 8 Ward 9 Ward 10 Ward 11 Ward 12 Ward IS Ward 14 Ward 15 Ward 16 Ward 17 Ward 18 Ward 19 Ward 20 Ward 21 Ward 22 Ward 23 Ward 24 Ward 25 Ward 26 Ward 27 Ward 28 Ward 29 Ward SO Ward 31 Ward 32 Ward 33 Ward 34 Ward 35 Cicero township,” coextensive with Cicero town Elk Grove township Evanston township Hanover township, including Bartlett village and parts of wards 3 to 5 ofElgin city Bartlett village Elgin city (part of) Total for Elgin city » in Hanover township. Cook County, arid Elgin township, Kane County Ward 1 Wards Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 Wards Ward 7 Lemont township, including Lemont village.. . . Lemont village Leyden township. Including Franklin Park and River Grove ■villages Franklin Park village River Grove village Lyons township,'* including Hodgkins, La Grange, and Summit villages, and parts of Brookfield, Lyons, Riverside, Spring Forest, and Western Sprinw villages Brookfield village (part of) Total for Brookfield village fn Lyons, Proviso, and Riverside townships Hodgkins village La Grange village Lyons village (part of) Total for Lyons village'* in Lyons and River- side townships Riverside village (part of) Total for Riverside village in Lyons and River- side townships Spring Forest village (part of) Total for Spring Forest village'* in Lyons and Palos townships Summit village Western Swings village (part of) Total for Western Springs village in Lyons and Proviso townships 1910 8,881 3,589 8,043 3,434 3,694 587 917 2, 185,283 29,628 42,801 ,135 ,650 ,131 ,121 ,423 ,810 ,801 ,707 46 , 49 , 57, 75, 90, 65, 44 51, 67, 91, 58, 52, 60, 65, 70, 26, 58, 61, 47 , 43 , 44 , 52, 99, 74 , 112 , 68 , 81, 61, 78, 70, 70, 67, 69, 14, 1 , 1,649 408 223 2,813 683 4I8 11,289 732 2, 186 480 5,282 1,394 1,483 54 1,702 314 334 943 898 905 1 j 1900 1 / 1890 6, 162 2,601 6,114 2,157 2,329 320 558 1,698,675 9,021 1,309 3,329 1,027 1,027 1,099,850 16,310 1,208 18,721 1,657 380 187 22,433 10,204 1,160 13,059 1,501 263 17,823 4,441 2,443 2,270 483 333 8,350 pi 1,111 195 3,969 951 951 37 1,551 378 378 647 653 662 5,539 1,558 287 6,096 2,314 732 732 451 pi * Incorporated In 1907. '* Incorporated in 1900. >1 Parts taken to form Berwyn and Oak Park townships in 1902 and part of Stickney township in 1901. “ Part taken to form part of Ridgeville township in 1905. '• Part of Elgin township, Kane County, annexed in 1903. '• Part taken to form part of Stickney township In 1901. i» Name changed from Grossdale In 1905. >' Returned in 1900 as In Lyons township only. 578 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Tho word "precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes: for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOE ova DIVISION. Cook County — Continued. Maine township. Including Des Plaines, Edison Park, and Rlvervlew villages, and Park Ridge dty be$ Plaines village Edison Park village Park Ridge city • Riverview village New Trier township,^ Including Glencoe, Gross Point, Kenilworth, Wilmette and Wlnnetka villages Glencoe village Gross Point village Kenilworth village Wilmette village Wlnnetka village Niles township,* Including Morton Grove, Niles, Niles Center, and Tessville villages Morion Grove village Niles village Niles Center village Tessville village » Northfleld township, including Glen View and Shermerville villages Glen View village Shermerville village < Norwood Park township Oak Park township,* coextensive with Oak Park village « Orland township, including Orland Park village. Orland Park village Palatine township, including Palatine village. . . Palatine village Palos township, mcluding part of Spring Forest village Spring Forest village * (part of) Proviso township, including Bellwood, Forest Park, Hillside, La Grange Park, Maywood, Melrose Park, and River Forest viUi^es and E arts of Brookfield and Western Springs vil- Bellwood village * Brookfield village (part of) Forest Park village • Hillside village La Orange Park village Maywood village Melrose Park village River Forest village r Western Springs village (part of) Rich township, including Matteson village Matteson village Ridgeville township,'' coextensive with Evans- ton city Evanston city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward! Ward 6 Ward 6 Ward? Riverside township. Including parts of Brook- field, Lyons, and Riverside villages Brookfield village (part of) Lyons village t (part of) Riverside village (part of) Schaumberg township Stickney township '* Thornton township, including Burnham, Dol- ton, Lansing, Phoenix, South Holland, Thorn- ton, and West Hammond villages, Harvey city, and parts of Homewood, Posen, and Riverdale villages Burnham village Dolton village Harvey city Ward I Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Ward 6 Homewood village (part of) Lansing village Phoenix village ® Posen village (part of) Riverdale village (part of) South Holland village Thornton village * West Hammond village Wheeling township^ Including Arlington Heights and Wheelmg villages Arlington Heights village Wheeling village 1910 1900 1890 7,193 2,S48 S4S 2,009 St2 5,161 1,666 S44 1,S40 4O6 7,299 1,020 669 3,258 986 987 12,532 1,899 1,008 881 3,703 669 3S6 4,943 s,m 2,300 1,8SS 1,468 1,079 4,203 8S6 4,030 664 SI4 629 2,727 669 668 869 2,675 662 2,323 1,855 ut 5,261 3,447 3,472 19,444 1,230 S69 1,296 866 1,163 2,147 1 ,IU 2,074 1,020 2,049 891 1,405 20 1,074 998 26,921 943 15,498 6,331 1,296 687 6,694 S28 4,086 JylSl 780 8, OSS 4,806 2,466 7 4,632 2,692 1,639 9 1,391 461 24,978 24,978 8,618 4,496 2,264 4,476 4,S80 2,978 2,878 1,980 168 1,421 449 1,435 323 19,269 1,652 93 1,056 89 1,648 954 962 1,614 1,003 948 22,067 S28 14,933 5,201 1,869 7, 227 1,229 6,S96 1,110 1,611 2, OSS 1,844 667 1,080 6S9 852 1,060 679 8S0 S4 sso 288 1,066 1,0S0 766 1,006 4,948 3,845 1,94s 260 2,936 2,984 1,380 SSI 2,623 1,424 811 HmoB crvn, division. Cook County — Continued. Worth township. Including Evergreen Park, Mount Greenwood, and Oak Lawn villages, and parts of Blue Island and Morgan Park villages Blue Island village (part of) Evergreen Park village Morgan Park village (part of) Mount Greenwood village Oak Lawn village '* Crawford County Honey Creek township, including part of Flat Rock village Flat Rock village (part of) Total for Flat Rock village in Honey cireek and Montgomery townships Hutsonville township, '* Including HutsonvUle village Hutsonville village Lamotte township, including Palestine village.. . Palestine village Licking township '*. i Martin township Montgomery township, including part of Flat Rock village Flat Rock village (part of) Oblong township, Including Oblong and Stoy villages Oblong village Stoy village '* Robinson to wn^p, including Robinson city Robinson city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Southwest township Cumberland County Cottonwood township Crooked Creek township Greenup township, including Greenup village. . . Greenup village Neoga township, mcluding Neoga village Neoga village Spring Point township Sumpter township, including Toledo town Toledo town Union township W oodbury township, including Jewett village . . . Jewett village Dekalb County A Ron township Clinton township, including Waterman village. . Waterman village Cortland township, including Cortland village.. Cortland village Dekalb township, including Dekalb city Dekalb city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Wards Franklin township, including Kirkland village.. Kirkland village Genoa township, including Genoa village Genoa village Kingston township, including Kingston village. Kingston village Malta township, including Malta town Malta town Mayfield township Milan township Pawpaw township Pierce township Sandwich township. Including Sandwich city.. Sandwich city Ward 1 Wards Ward S 1910 1900 1890 7,354 6,031 3,406 4AU 3,613 2,020 424 446 200 172 276 190 287 26,281 19,240 17,288 2,721 2,148 2,184 611 241 161 840 SIS 161 1,950 2,602 2,217 722 74s 682 2,739 2,404 2,229 1,399 979 732 1,452 2,160 1,940 2,023 1,666 1,383 2,181 1,954 1,938 229 U 4,376 2,386 2,069 1,482 743 390 488 1,449 6;912 3,428 2,990 3,863 1,683 1,387 947 1,886 1,030 478 492 333 14,281 16,124 15,448 1,209 1,476 1,490 1,136 1,320 1,260 2,848 3,143 2,804 1,224 1,086 868 2,622 2,824 2,710 1,074 1,126 829 1,460 1,649 1,693 2,246 2,364 2,171 900 818 676 1,787 2,191 2,174 1,074 1,157 1,141 366 322 336 33,457 31,756 27,066 732 750 691 1,129 1,113 1,174 398 368 SSI 989 1,189 1,262 207 261 SIS 9,191 6,769 3,475 8,102 6,904 2,679 Jy448 u'420 2,187 l’,600 U447 i;4S5 1,564 1,441 686 636 410 1,957 1,968 1,409 1,267 1,140 634 1,051 1,219 1,214 294 SOS 296 1,091 1,204 1,197 460 607 461 766 780 TSI 714 808 784 717 821 850 647 754 778 2,862 2,837 2,667 2,620 2,616 712 l,0tl 834 » Incorporated as a city in 1910. * Part taken to form part of Ridgeville township in 1905. * Incorporated in 1910. ‘ Incorporated In 1901. e Organized from part of Cicero township in 1902. * Incorporated in 1902. ’ Returned in 1900 as In Lyons township only. * Incorporated in 1900. " Name changed from Harlem in 1907. '» Incorporated in 1905. " Organized from parts of Evanston, New Trier, and Niles townships and made coextensive with Evanston city in 1905. '* Organized from parts of Cicero and Lyons townships in 1901. Incorporated in 1907. '< Incorporated in 1909. '* I'ralrie towmshlp organized from parts of Hutsonville imd Licking townships in 1903. 579 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 1 .— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [The word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census; 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 Dekalb County — Continued. Bhabbona township, including Shabbona vil- lage and part of Lee village 1,448 1,626 1,439 Xee village {part of) ISS 1S6 111 Total for Lee village in Shabbona township, De- kalb County, and Willow Creek township, Lee County SOS S87 264 Shabbona village 694 687 602 Somonaiik townsliip, including Somonauk vil- lage 1,023 1,080 3,842 Somonauk village 691 6S0 468 South Grove township 704 728 711 Squaw Grove township, including Hinckley village 1,442 1,390 1,314 Hinckley village 661 687 496 Sycamore township, including Sycamore city... 4,785 4,509 3,929 Sycamore city S,9S6 S,66S 2,987 1,021 Wards 868 Wards 1 , 10 s Ward 4 '934 Victor township 724 747 769 Dewitt County 18,906 18,972 17,011 Barnett township 962 1,089 1,205 Clintonia township, including Clinton city 6,414 5,496 3,463 Clinton city 6, 165 4,46S 2,698 Ward 1 1,387 Warde 1,477 i,bii i,S90 Creek township 1,022 1,144 1,214 Dewitt township. Including Dewitt village 863 942 1,031 Dewitt village 2S0 S6S 266 Harp township 805 935 992 Nixon township, including Weldon village 1,077 1, 144 1,087 621 636 Rutledge township 492 538 588 Santa Aima township, including Farmer City . . 2,288 2, 427 2, 181 Farmer City 1,603 1,664 1,367 681 Wards 611 311 Texas township 687 800 861 Tunbridge township, including Keimey village. 1,408 1,496 1,521 Kenney village .- 670 684 497 Wapella township, Including Wapella village. . . 1,198 1,151 1,122 Wapella village 498 S71 Waynesville township, including Waynesville village 1,119 1,200 1,134 Waynesville village 646 6S8 368 Wilson township 571 610 612 Douglas County 19,591 19,097 17,669 Areola township, including Areola city 3,326 3,440 3, 198 Areola city S,100 1,996 1,733 Ward 1 700 Ward 2 600 Wards 800 Bourbon township, including part of Arthur village 1,953 1,942 1,665 Arthur village (part of) 619 S95 261 Total for Arthur village in Bourbon town- ship, Douglas County, and Lowe township, Moultrie County 1,080 858 636 Bowdre township, including Hinds boro village. . 1,788 1,760 1,896 Hindsboro village 498 S4S 288 Camargo township, including Camargo and Villa Grove villages 2, 974 1,335 1,445 Camargo village * 323 Villa Orove village ^ 1,8S8 Garrett township, including Garrett village and part of Atwood village 1,954 2,125 1,884 Atwood village (part of) S89 295 210 Total for Atwood village in Garrett township. Douglas County, and Unity township. Piatt County 669 698 630 Garrett village 2 290 Murdock township 915 1,176 1,035 Newman township, including Newman city 2,004 2,110 2,026 Newman city 1,864 1,166 990 Wardl 371 Wards 407 Ward 3 486 Sargent township 1,036 1,261 1,319 Tuscola township, including Tuscola city 3,641 3,948 3,201 IJC Tuscola city S,45S 2,569 1,897 Ward / ... ^4 Wards 667 Ward S 91S minor civil division. 1910 1900 1890 Dupage County 83,432 28,196 22,551 Addison township, including Addison, Ben- senvllle, and Itasca villages, and part of Elm- hurst city 2,652 2,518 2,190 A ddisoh village 679 591 486 Bensenville village 443 374 295 Elmhurst city^ (part of) 166 Total for Elmhurst city 3 in A ddison and York townships 2,360 1,728 1,050 Itasca village 333 256 Bloomingdale township, including Blooming- dale village 1,483 1,521 1,497 Bloomingdale village 462 235 463 Downers Grove township, including Downers Grove and Hinsdale villages 7.38A 7,007 4,843 Downers Grove village 2,601 2,103 960 Ward 1 790 Ward 2 614 Wards 716 Ward 4 68S Hinsdale village 2,451 2,578 1,584 Lisle township, including ward 1 and part of ward 3 of Naperville city 2,892 2,127 1,794 Naperville city (part of) 1,626 1,044 736 Total for Naperville city in Lisle and Naper- ville townships 8,449 2,629 2,216 Ward 1 1,081 Wards 1,246 Wards 1,123 Milton township, including Glen Ellvn village and Wheaton city 6,352 4,103 2,895 Glen Ellyn village 1,763 793 473 Wheatori city 3,423 2,346 1,622 Ward 1 1,048 Ward 2 1,034 Ward 3 1,641 Naperville township, including ward 2 and part of ward 3 of Naperville city 2,848 2,635 2,470 Naperville city (part of) 1,823 1,685 1,481 Wayne township 1,157 1,138 1,097 Winfield township, including West Chicago city 3,753 3,399 2,786 West Chicago city * 2,378 1,877 1,606 Ward 1 832 Ward 2 723 Wards 823 York township, including Lombard village and part of Elmhurst city 4,911 3,748 2,979 Elmhurst city (pari of) 2,194 1,728 1,060 Lombard village 883 690 616 Edgar County 27,336 28,273 26,787 Brouilletts Creek township . . . i 940 1,165 1,371 Buck township, including part of Redmon town. 768 1,064 930 Redmon town (part of) 14 s 282 99 Total for Redmon town Sin Buck and Embar- rass townships 210 282 99 Edgar township 1,320 1,641 1,700 Elbridge township 1,312 1,466 1,450 Embarrass township, including Brocton village and part of Redrnon town 1,877 2,022 1,729 Brocton village 558 613 292 Redmon town & {part of) 97 Grandview township '. 1,391 1,645 1,653 Hunter township 824 884 1,039 Kansas township, including Kansas village 1,809 1,999 1,983 Kansas village 945 1,049 1,037 Paris torvnship, including Paris city 8,737 7,305 6,260 Paris city 7,664 6,105 4,996 Ward 1 1,671 Ward 2 1,654 Ward S 1,78'4 Ward 4 1,353 Ward 6 1,202 Prairie township '900 984 1,078 Ross township, including Chrisman city 1,971 1.687 1,591 Chrisman city 1,19S 905 820 Ward 1 386 Ward 2 401 Wards 4 O 6 Shiloh township 1,093 1,314 1,328 Stratton township, including Vermilion village. . 1,095 1,259 1,301 Vermilion tillage 287 305 325 Symmes township 1,243 1,561 1,521 Young Americatownshlp, including Hume and Metcalf villages 2,056 2, 277 1,853 Hume village 572 698 433 Metcalf village 449 429 244 Edwards County 10,049 10,345 9,444 Albion precinct,® including Albion city 2,195 2,407 2, 180 Albion cityt 1,281 1,162 937 Wardl . 486 Wards 397 Ward 3 398 * Incorporated In 1904. * Incorporated In 1903. ' Returned In 1900 as In York township only. Incorporated as a city In 1910. < Incorporated as a city In 1906. 5 Returned in 1900 as in Buck township only. « Part taken to form part of Ellery precinct in 1902. ’ Incorporated as a city in 1908. 580 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. |Tlie word "precinct,” wliero used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Heports of the Twelfth Census; 1900, Vol. 1, Tables.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Edwards County— Continued. Bone Gap precinct, including Bone Gap viliage. . Hone Oap village Browns precinct, including Browns village Browns village Dixon precinct! Ellery precinct^ French Creek precinct, including ward 1 of Gray ville city Orayville city (part of) , Total for Orayville city in French Creek pre- cinct. Edwards County, and Gray township, White County Ward I Ward 2 Wards Salem precinct, including West Salem town West Salem town Shelby precinct Effingham County. Banner township, including Shumway village.. Shumway village Bishop township, including Dieterich village... Dielerich village Douglas township, including Effingham city Effingham city Ward t Ward 2 Wards WardJ, Jackson township Liberty township. Including Beecher City vil- lage Beecher City village Lucas township Mason township, including Edgewood and Mason towns Edgewood town Mason town Moccasin to^vnship Mound township, Including Altamont town A Itamont town St. Francis township, Including Montrose village , Montrose village Summit township Teutopiolls townsnip, including Teutoiiolis vil- lage Teutopolis village Union township Watson township, including Watson village Watson village West township Fayette County. Avena township. Including St. Elmo city St. Elmo city ^ Bear Grove township Bowling Green township Carson township Hurricane township, including Bingham village, Bingham village Kaskaskia township. Including Shobonier vil- lage Shobonier village * La Clede township, including Farina town Farina town Lone Grove township. Including St. Peter vil- lage St. Peter village * Loudon township Otego township, including Brownstown village Brownslown village * Pope township Ramsey township, including Ramsey village. . Ramsey village Sefton township Seminary township Sharon township Vandalia townsnip, including Vandalia city... Vandalia city Ward t Ward 2 Wards Wheatland township Wilberton township Ford County. Piper City village Button township Dlx township, including Elliott village. Elliott village ‘ 1910 1900 1890 1,114 1,178 981 B17 498 873 915 764 419 421 563 670 739 383 1,529 1,624 1,495 817 78S 614 1,940 1,948 1,999 817 684 439 1,962 2,066 1,811 72B 700 478 1,430 1,585 1,474 20,066 20,465 19,368 651 662 612 291 258 1,126 1,092 967 49S S82 4,858 4,716 4,211 S,S98 S,774 S,260 89B 669 1,845 '792 1,053 1,186 1,149 819 805 783 355 340 862 935 980 1,597 1,707 1,595 419 412 255 S45 S89 425 897 898 950 2,363 2,446 2,225 1,SS8 1,SS5 1,044 896 926 897 S47 SOO 908 876 941 983 869 1,048 B92 498 1,045 1,152 924 1,232 1,329 1,175 SSO S41 S28 735 866 901 28,076 28,066 23,367 2,364 2,020 1,428 1,227 1,050 SB4 1,128 1,189 1,128 909 949 951 572 649 628 1,929 1,951 1,457 191 27S 178 1,173 1,257 931 306 1,688 1,579 1,451 774 898 618 1,078 1,106 947 313 1,941 2,042 1,795 1,401 1,239 1,061 415 900 849 030 2,023 2,390 1,990 769 747 598 1,561 1,684 1,431 1,378 1,406 1,100 1,846 2.000 1,621 4,098 3, 040 2,787 2,974 2,685 2,144 730 976 1,262 '986 937 920 1,040 1, 178 1,105 17,096 18,359 17,036 1,.355 1,377 1,315 6SS 577 480 760 876 862 1,366 1,436 1,450 S71 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Ford County— Continued. Drummer township, including Gibson city Gibson city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Lyman township, including Roberts village Roberts village Mona township, including part of Kempton vil- lage Kempton village (part of) Total for Kempton village in Mona and Rog- ers townships I’atton township, including Paxton city Paxton city Ward I Wards Wards Ward 4 Peach Orchard township, including Melvin vil- lage Melvin village Pella township Rogers townsnip, including parts of Cabery and Kempton villages Cabery village (part of) Total for Cabery village in Rogers township. Ford County, and Norton township, Kan- kakee County Kempton village (part of) Sullivant township, including Sibley village Sibley village Wall township Franklin County. Barren township Benton township, including wards 1 and 3 and part of ward 2 of Benton city Benton city (part of) Total for Benton city‘ in Benton and Brown- ing townships Ward 1 W ard 2 Ward S Browning township, including part of ward 2 of Benton city Benton city “ (part of) Cave township , including Thompsonville village Thompsonville village Denning township, including ward 3 of West Frankfort city West Frankfort city (part of) Total for West Frankfort city ’ in Denning and Frankfort townships Ward I Wards Wards Eastern township, including Akin village Akin village^ Ewing township, including Ewing village Ewing village Frankfort townshij), including wards 1 and 2 of West Frankfort city West Frankfort city (part of) Goode township, including Sesser village Sesser village t Northern township, including part of Macedonia village Macedonia village (part of) Total for Macedonia village in Northern town- ship, Franklin County, and Knight Prairie township, Hamilton County Six Mile township, including Royalton village. . . Royalton village * Tyrone township. Including Christopher village. Christopher village ‘ Fulton County. Astoria township. Including Astoria town Astoria town Banner township Bernadotte township Buckheart township. Including Bryant and St. David villages Bryant village St. David village Canton township. Including Canton city and part of Norris village Canton city Ward 1 Wards Ward S Ward 4 Ward B Norris village (part of) Total for Norris village in Canton and Far- mington townships 1910 1900 1890 3, 165 3,304 2,997 2,088 2,054 1,80S 686 650 750 1,248 1,413 1, 298 488 448 S25 850 853 756 221 205 127 269 409 201 4,100 4,425 3,559 2,912 S,038 2, 187 752 718 759 685 953 1,017 1,008 509 550 491 624 734 860 695 809 851 197 245 207 S21 S85 S42 48 204 74 1,185 1,397 1,322 S85 444 404 T29 718 757 26,943 19,676 17,138 1,047 1,062 846 4,810 2,984 2,312 2,620 1,841 939 2,675 1,841 989 1,233 ’720 722 2,063 1,422 1,267 55 2,006 2,i^ 2,i59 57S 598 309 1,707 1,381 1,161 695 2,111 '826 590 695 1,588 1,944 1,832 200 1,553 1,841 1,570 S/7 „19 290 2,892 1,754 1,609 1,416 i,m 809 751 1,292 1,337 1,725 1,574 85 97 285 S15 1,.303 1,000 775 357 3,640 1,687 1,282 1,825 49,649 46,201 43,110 2,324 2,834 2,660 1,S57 1,684 1,567 903 1,002 953 970 1,112 1,216 2,942 2,329 2,076 2S7 S55 509 915 481 12,369 8,780 6,807 10,45S 6,564 5,604 2,586 1,814 1,938 2,390 1,725 60 560 > Part taken to form part of Ellery precinct In 1902. > Organized from parts of Albion and Dixon precincts In 1902. » Incorporated as a city in 1903. * Incorporated in 1909. ‘ Incorporated In 1903. • Returned In 1900 as In Benton township only ’ Incorporated In 1900. * Incorporated In 1901. » Incorporated In 1907. •" Incorporated In 1908. Incorporated os a city In 1902. 581 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. ITlie word "precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Folton County— Continued. Cass township, including Smlthfleld village Smithfield village Deerfleld township Elllsville township, including Ellisville village. . . Ellisville village Fairview township, including Fairview village. . Fainie w village Farmer township, including part of Table Grove village Table OTOvevillage (part of) Total for Table Orove village ' in Farmer and Vermont townebips Farmington township, including Farmington city and part of Norris village Farmington city Norris villt^e (part of) Harris township. Including Marietta village Marietta village * Isabel township Joshua township Kerton township Lee township Lewistown township, including Lewlstowncity. Lewistown city Liverpool township Orion township Pleasant town^p, including Ipava village Ipava village Putman township, including Cuba city Cuba city Union township, including Avon village Avon village Vermont township, including Vermont village and part of Table Grove village Table Orove village * (part of) Vermont village Waterford township Woodland township Young Hickory township, including part of London Mills village London Mills village (j^rt of) Total for London Mills village* in Young Hickory township, Fulton County, and Chestnut township, Knox County Gallatin County Asbury township Bowlesvllle township Eagle Creek township Equality township, mcludlng Equality village . Equality village Gold Hill township. Including Junction village. Junction village* New Haven township. Including New Haven village New Haven village North Fork township Omaha township, including Omaha village Omaha village Rld^ay township, Including Rldgway village. Ridgway village Shawnee township. Including Shawneetown city. Shawneetown city Word / Word* Word S Greene County Athensvllle township Bluffdale township, mcludlng Eldred village... Eldred village * Carrollton township, including Carrollton city.. Carrollton city Ward! Wards Words Kane township. Including Kane village Kane village Linder township Patterson township. Including Hlllvlew and Wilmington villages Hillview village'' Wilmington village Rockbridge township, Including Greenfield city and Rockbridge village Greenfield city Wordl Word 2 Words Rockbridge village 1910 1900 1890 1,406 1,593 1,377 m 420 806 835 930 494 539 591 218 219 255 1,269 1,257 1,355 482 501 492 1,202 1,425 1,288 421 376 544 376 4,723 3,171 2,654 2,421 1,729 1,375 600 1,085 1,283 1,260 55P 662 780 785 1,058 976 1,088 541 535 534 767 948 918 3,198 3,515 3,246 2,312 2,504 2,166 1,008 1,206 1,176 1,058 1,268 1,289 1,632 1,753 1,843 652 749 667 2,835 2,131 2,136 2,019 1,198 1,114 1,501 1,569 1,486 865 809 692 1,975 2,149 2,111 12S 1,118 1,195 1,158 321 484 531 1,395 1,566 1,609 1,045 1,161 1,291 537 528 661 555 528 661 14,628 15,836 * 14,935 701 943 1,019 1,267 1,060 1,213 2,180 1,982 1,180 898 622 1,299 1,388 soo 1,239 1,307 514 429 336 1,227 1,623 1,365 1,554 586 569 428 2,247 2,405 1,054 839 523 2,291 2,154 1,863 1,698 563 612 788 22,363 * 23,402 23,791 1,065 ■ 1,240 1,425 1,183 1,195 1,113 241 3,163 3,342 3,289 2,323 2,355 2,258 883 676 814 1,546 1,768 1,765 521 588 551 760 905 991 1,597 1,603 1,385 309 204 213 2,411 2,460 2,737 1,161 1,085 1,131 449 390 322 275 RRR R66 ' Returned in 1900 as in Farmer township only. * Incorporated in 1909. » Returned in 1900 as in Fulton County only. * No comparison of population for 1890 can be made; information as to changes In minor civil divisions incomplete. 75100°— 13- MINOB CIVIL DIVISION. Greene County— Continued. Roodhouse township, including Roodhouse city. Roadhouse city Ward t Ward S Word S Rubicon township W aUcerville township White Hall township, including White Hall city. White Hall city Ward! Ward S Word S Woodville township Wrights township Grundy County Aux Sable township, including Minooka village. Minooka village Braceville township, including Braceville village. Central City, and parts of Coal City and Dia- mond and Godley villages Braceville village Central City Coal City (part of) Total for Coal City in Braceville and Felix townships Diamond village (part of) Total far Diamond village in Braceville and Felix townships Oodley vill(Me(part of) Total for Oodley village in Braceville town- ship, Grundy County, and Reed township, Will County Erienna township Felix township, including Carbon Hill and Eileen villages, and parts of Coal City and Diamond village Carbon Hill village Coal City (■part of) Diamond village (part of) Eileen village* Garfield township,* including Gardner village. . . Gardner village Goodfarm township Goose Lake township Greenfield township,* including East Brooklyn and South Wilmington villages East Brooklyn village' South Wilmington village Highland township, including Kinsman village. Kinsman village Maine township Mazon township, including Mazon village Mazon village Morris township, including Morris city Morris city Ward t Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Nettle Creek township Norman township Saratoga township Vienna township, including Verona village Verona village' Wauponsee township Hamilton County Beaver Creek township Crook township Crouch township, Including Belle Prairie vil- lage Belle Prairie village Dahlgren township. Including Dahlgren village. Dahlgren village Flannigan township Knight Prairie township. Including part of Macedonia village Macedonia village (part of) [For total, see Northern township, Franklin County.] McLeansboro township. Including McLeans- boro city McLeansboro city Word! Word 2 Wards Mayberry township, Including Broughton vil- lage Broughton village Twigg township 1910 1900 1890 3,127 3,528 3,636 2,171 2,351 2,360 662 701 818 740 906 932 936 1,023 1,057 3,873 3,192 3,244 2,854 2,030 1,961 960 744 1,160 i;045 1,142 1,228 917 1,098 989 24,162 24,136 21,024 855 970 809 361 424 360 4,204 5,224 5,638 971 1,669 2,150 287 290 673 2,273 2,208 1,672 2,667 2,607 1,672 74 277 255 672 27 66 194 329 296 312 245 292 2,711 3.474 1,720 820 1,252 394 399 181 395 677 1,338 '946 1,036 1,094 759 849 899 406 449 3,287 2,579 2,010 446 2,403 711 980 1,013 1,026 219 174 129 337 341 1,163 1,176 1,117 471 447 4,601 4,328 3,745 4,563 4,273 3,653 942 801 1,795 1,026 '697 794 824 257 308 354 805 880 971 844 865 939 188 606 641 620 18,227 20,197 17,800 1,282 1,429 1,147 1,333 1,516 1,548 2,081 2,311 1,703 87 129 2,619 2,812 2,427 654 452 301 1,998 2,434 2,446 1,516 1,771 1,580 200 218 2,819 2,897 2,552 1,796 1,758 1,355 547 600 1 .... 749 2,238 2,224 1,981 470 327 2,341 2,803 2,416 * Townships returned as precincts in 1900. » Incorporated in lOOS. ' Incorporated in 1903. * Incorporated in 1901. « Garfield township organized from part of Greenfield township in 1903. 582 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS; 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. IThe word “precinct,” where u.s (part of) Total for Elvaston village^ in Montebello and Prairie townships Hamilton city Ward 1 Ward S Wards Nauvoo township, including Nauvoo city Nauvoo city Ward 1 Ward S Wards Pilot Grove township Pontoosuc township. Including Pontoosuc vil- la^ Pontoosuc village Prairie township, including part of Elvaston village Elvaston village (part of) Rock Creek township, including Ferris village. . Ferris village Rocky Run township St. Albans township, including West Point vil- lage West Point village St. Mary township, including Plymouth village. Plymouth village Sonora township Walker township Warsaw township, coextensive with Warsaw town Warsaw town Wilcox township W ythe township Hardin County Battery Rock precinct Cave in Rock precinct, including Cave in Rock village Cave in Rock village * McFarlan precinct, mcluding Elizatethtown village Elizabethtown village Monroe precinct Rock Creek precinct Rosiclare precinct, including Rosiclare village. . Rosiclare village Henderson County Bald Bluff township Biggsville township, mcluding Blggsville village Biggsville milage Carman township Gladstone township, including Gladstone village Qlbdslone village 1910 30,638 722 1,889 l,H8 935 S55 3,111 S,S7S 8S9 801 7SS 1,436 1,371 I,0S8 t,S88 S5S 685 451 787 985 769 938 89 1,990 1,S49 481 453 4S5 2,324 11 S50 1,6S7 646 676 S07 1,068 1,0S0 S7S 6S6 SIS 959 715 S86 881 S39 1,128 S99 610 1,089 S9S 1,576 8S9 966 978 2,254 S,S54 392 765 7,018 830 1,030 S06 1,333 6SS 1,460 959 1,403 609 9,724 688 1,057 400 438 1,072 386 1900 32,218 837 1,923 1,149 978 S18 2,908 S, 104 1,388 6S8 1,147 776 970 826 1,038 926 1,006 1S8 2,324 1,691 2,104 S08 1,SU 1,372 1,SS1 1,010 791 S99 1,004 S08 1,110 S69 760 1,207 S77 1,626 864 1,094 1,164 2,335 S,S36 478 859 7,448 980 1,086 1,262 668 1,980 1,226 914 S78 3 10,036 417 'ps 1890 31,807 800 1,847 1,077 983 SS7 2,536 1,654 1,296 S76 1,021 66S 747 840 1,095 894 1,011 144 1,865 1,113 2,129 sm 1,S01 1,249 1,208 1,086 742 249 1,088 S07 1,217 S06 704 1,263 1,501 710 1,098 1,361 2,721 3,246 975 7,234 896 1,020 1,170 652 1,822 1,254 1,072 S74 > 9,876 487 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Henderson County— Continued. Lomax township. Including ward 1 of Dallas City Dallas City (part of) [For total, see Dallas township, Hancock County.] Media township, including Media village and part of Strongnurst village Media village* Stronghurst village (partof) Total for Stronghurst village in Media and Stronghurst townships Oquawka township, including Oquawka village. Oquawka village Raritan township Rozetta township Stronghurst township, including part of Strong- hurst village Stronghurst village (part of) Terre Haute township Henry County Alba township Andover township, including Andover village . . . Andover village Annawan township, including Anna wan village . Annawan village Atkinson township, including Atkinson village. Atkinson village Bums township Cambridge township, including Cambridge vil- lage Cambridge village Clover township, including Woodhull village.. Woodhull village Colons township , including Colona village Colona village^’ Cornwall township Edford township Galva township, including Galva city Galva city « TFara 1 Ward 2 Ward S Geneseo township. Including Geneseo city Oeneseo city Ward 1 Ward S Wards Ward 4 Hanna township Kewanee township, including Kewanee city Kewanee city Ward 1 Wards Ward S Ward 4 Wards Loraine township Lynn township Munson townsnip Osco township Oxford township, including Alpha village Alpha village Pheni.x township Weller township, including Bishop Hill village. . Bishop Hilt village Western towmship, mcluding Orion village Orion village Wethersfield township, including Wetliersfield village •. Wethersfield village'' Yorktown township Iroquois County .* Artesia township, including Buckley village Buckley village Ash Grove township Ashkura township, including Ashkum and L’Erable villages Ashkum village L’ Erable village Beaver towmship, including Donovan village and part of Beaverville village Beaverville village (part of) Total for Beaverville village > in Beaver and Papineau townships Donovan village^ 1910 1900 1890 820 252 195 94 845 226 48 76S 762 1,117 907 1,010 804 748 1,444 '714 762 685 41,736 40,049 33,338 407 436 412 1,012 1,104 1,228 222 SS8 269 1,089 1,203 1,164 S98 428 387 1,456 1,515 1,187 805 762 534 742 785 845 2,035 2,229 1,826 1,272 1,S46 940 1,336 1,483 1,329 69S 774 608 856 886 983 217 725 759 658 586 682 752 3,170 3,379 3,142 2,498 2,682 2,409 841 780 877 4,045 4,336 4,069 , S, 199 S,366 3,182 796 725 923 757 438 485 537 14,088 11,244 5,988 9,307 8,382 4,569 1,461 i,771 1,276 2,030 2, 769 ■543 577 532 731 811 858 770 862 844 743 778 841 973 1,081 949 S68 365 509 549 557 1,150 1,322 1,353 SS9 345 330 1,417 1,303 1,393 665 584 624 2,226 1,484 1,210 1,593 689 756 681 35,543 38,014 « 86,167 1,617 1,770 1,687 495 490 433 1,452 1,511 1,558 1,805 2,011 1,837 4I6 429 300 145 135 1,563 1,683 1,500 199 222 401 395 S46 > Returned in 1900 as in Prairie township only. 3 Incorporated in 1901. 3 Township organization adopted in 1907. No comparison of population can be made. * Incorporated In 1907. ‘ Incorporated in 1903. ® Incorporated as a city in 1906. ' Incorporated in 1904. 8 County total Includes population (2.017) of Watseka city, returned Independ- ently In 1890. » Name changed from St. Mary in 1904. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 583 Table 1 .— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. ITbo word "precinct, ” where used, means election precinct. For clionges in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Keports of the Twolftli Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Iroquois County— Continued. Belmont township, including Woodland village and parts of wards 1 and 3 of W atseka city Watseka city (part of) Totalfor Watseka city in Belmont and Middle- port townships Ward 1 , Wardi Wards Woodland village Chebanse township, including Clifton village and part of Chebanse town Chebanse town (part of) Total for Chebanse town in Chebanse town- ship, Iroquois County, and Otto township, Kankakee County Clifton village Concord township, including Iroquois village. .. Iroquois village Crescent towrship, including part of Crescent City village Crescent City village (part of) Totalfor Crescent City village in Crescent and Iroquois townships Danforth township, including Danforth village. Danforth village Douglas township, including Gilman city Oilman city Wardi Ward B Fountain Creek township Iroquois township, Including part of Crescent City village Crescent City village (part of) Loda township. Including Loda village Loda village Lovejoy township, including W elllngton village. Wellington village ^ Martin ton to wnship,incIudingMartln ton village . Martinton village Middleport township. Including ward 2 and parts of wards 1 and 3 of W atseka city Watseka city (part of) Milford township, including Milford village Milford village Milks Grove township Onarga township, including Onarga village Onarga village Paplneau tovrashlp, including Paplneau village and part of Beaverville village Beaverville village (part o() Paplneau village Pigeon Grove township. Including Clssna Park village Cissna Park village Prairie Green township Ridgeland township. Including Thawvllle vil- lage Thawville village^ Sheldon township, including Sheldon village Sheldon village Stockland township Jackson County. Bradley township. Including Ava city and Campbell Hill village A va city * Ward 1 Ward B Ward S Campbell Hill village Carbondale township, including Carbondale city Carbondale city Ward 1 Ward B Ward S Ward It Degognla township De Soto townsliip, including De Soto village l)e Soto village Elk township, including ElkvlUe village Elkville village Fountain Bluff township Grand Tower township, including Grand Tower city Grand Tower city Kinkald township Levan township Makanda township, including Makanda village. Makanda village 1910 1,487 il7 B,J)76 888 890 698 B95 2,179 SIS 690 es4 1,016 B86 996 BI6 541 1,413 410 2,164 1,S05 907 S98 990 839 1B6 1,328 60S 847 B95 1,297 SIB 2,764 B,059 2,245 1,S16 595 2,263 l.BTS 1,048 BOB 183 1,304 66B 720 827 318 1,819 1,143 965 35,143 2,179 780 S74 300 B06 414 6.508 6,411 1,B90 1.509 1,169 1,45s 824 1,662 6U 1,766 7SB 940 1,485 87S 764 990 1,899 400 1900 1,570 357 B,605 331 2,356 S8B 656 66S 1,176 4S7 1,157 260 371 1,574 407 2, 358 l.Ul 1,022 909 IBl 1,521 668 865 1,332 319 2,955 3,148 2,203 1,077 668 2,390 1,B70 1,084 17S 188 1,435 6BS 808 874 1,901 1,103 881 33,871 2,633 984 497 4,464 3,318 1,004 1,589 660 1,562 465 758 1,490 881 941 1,232 2,333 628 1890 * Exclusive of population of Watseka city. * Incorporated in 1902. 3 Incorporated In 1903. * Incorporated as a city in 1901. » Returned in 1900 as in Murphysboro township only. » Incorporated In 1907. 1995 2,017 2,282 474 616 474 1,086 393 1,002 1,644 2,051 1,11B 990 857 1,323 698 874 1,099 125 1 770 1,999 957 741 2,145 994 1,267 '"iXi 1,072 ”’9i5 786 1,770 910 900 27,809 2,427 807 280 3,599 B,S8B 845 1,468 376 894 145 671 1,312 624 813 1,117 2,154 344 MtNOE CIVIL DIVISION. Jackson County— Continued. Murphysboro township, including wards l,and 3 to 6, and part of ward 2 of Murphysboro city.. Murphysboro city (part of) Total for Murphysboro city ^ in Murphysboro and Somerset townships f Ward 1 Ward B Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 Ora township, including Sato village Sato village Pomona township Sand Ridge to wnship,including Fordyce vUlIage . Fordyce village^ Somerset township, including part of ward 2 of Murphysboro city Murphysboro city * (part of) V ergennes township^ncludlng Vergennes village. Vergennes village Jasper County. Crooked Creek township,’ including Hidalgo and Rose Hill village Hidalgo village * Rose Hill village^ Fox township Grandville township ’ Grove township HuntCity township,’ including Hunt City village Hunt City village^ North Muddy township, including Wheeler village •. Wheeler village Ste. Marie to wnship, including Ste.Marie village. Ste. Marie village Smallwood township South Muddy township Wade township, including Newton city Newton city Ward 1 Ward B Ward 3 Willow Hill to^vnship,’ including Willow Hill village . , Willow Hill village , Jefferson County. Bald Hill township Blissville township Casner township, mcluding part of Woodlawn village Woodlawn village (part of) Totalfor Woodlawn village in Casner and Shiloh townships Dodds township Elk Prairie township Farrington township Field township Grand Prairie township McClellan township Moores Prairie township Mount Vernon town^ip, mcluding Mount Vernon city Mount Vernon city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 .'. Pendleton township, including BeUeRive town. Belle Rive town Rome township, including Rome village Rome village Shiloh township, including part of Woodlawn village Woodlawn village (part of) Spring Garden township, including Ina town. . . Irui town Weber township Jersey County. Elsah township, including Elsah village Elsah village English township Fidelity township, including Fidelity town. Fidelity town 1910 9,001 7,372 7,486 1,200 1,367 1,369 1,713 1,836 946 49 1,720 1,291 392 1,973 113 1,195 342 18,167 2,190 190 229 973 1,355 1,199 1,144 1,517 255 1,460 460 1,075 1,310 4,283 2,108 709 634 765 1,651 4U 29,111 1,381 886 1,177 111 316 1,172 1,139 1,452 1,286 1,105 1,108 941 9,660 8.007 1,290 1,096 2.008 1,707 1,906 1,432 312 1,463 233 1,374 BO4 2, 104 484 1,431 13,964 795 267 872 966 211 1900 8,314 6,483 6,463 1,310 162 1,889 894 2,081 1,377 4I6 20,160 2,756 1,101 1,956 1,418 1,777 206 1,643 408 1,221 1,477 4,283 1,630 2,528 499 28,133 1,262 985 1,203 100 360 1,181 1,252 1,518 1,457 1,182 1,234 1,258 7,262 6,216 1,546 370 1,534 229 1,498 260 2,213 317 1,548 14,612 838 220 995 997 222 1890 5,738 3,880 3,880 1,629 1,546 758 1,771 1,167 276 18,188 2,631 913 1,821 1,332 1,583 1,242 318 1,141 1,352 3,915 1,42a 2,258 22,690 936 996 1,033 1,018 1,114 1,156 1,151 913 1,105 1,164 4,696 3,233 1,511 1,527 186 1,344 '’i,’673 "i,'353 14,810 1,024 271 1,154 1,080 ’ Hunt City township organized from parts of Crooked Creek, Grandville, and Willow Hill townships in 1901. * ® Incorporated in 1900. s Incorporated In 1901. 10 Name changed from Liberty in 1901. Returned as a town in 1900. 584 SUPPLEMENT EOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS; 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued . (The word “precinct," where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Keports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOB CIVIL DIVLSION. Jersey County— Continued. Jersey township, including Jersey viile city JerseyvUle city Ward I Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Mississippi township Otter Creek township, including Otterviiie town. OUervillt town Piasa township, including part of Brighton vil- lage Brighton village {part of) Total for Brighton village in Piasa township, Jersey County, and Brighton township, Macoupin County Quarry township, including Grafton city Qrafton city * Ward I Wards Wards Rich wood township, including Fieldon town... Fieldon town Rosedale township Ruylc township Jo Daviess County Apple River township, including Apple River village A pple River village Berreman township Council Hill township Derinda township ; Dunleith township, including East Dubuque city East Dubuque city East Galena township, including ward 1 of Galena city Oalena city {part of) Total for Oalena city in East and West Galena townships Ward! Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards Elizabeth township, including Elizabeth town.. Elizabeth town Guilford township Hanover township, including Hanover village.. Hanover village Menominee township Nora township, including Nora village Nora village Pleasant Valley township Rawlins township Rice township Rush township Scales Mound township, including Scales Mound village Scales Mound village Stockton township, including Stockton village. . Stockton village Thompson township Vinegar Hill township Wards Grove township Warren township, including Warren viliage Warren village West Galena township, including wards 2 to 5 of Galena city Oalena city {part of) Woodbine township Johnson County Belknap township, including Belknap village. . . Belknap village Bloomfield township Burnside township, including New Burnside village New Burnside village Cache township, including Cypress village Cypress village ’ Elvira township Gorevilletownsnip,including Goreville village. . Ooreville village Grantsburg township Simpson township, including Simpson village.. . Simpson village Tunnel Hill township .Vienna township, including Vienna city Vienna city Ward I Wards Wards 1910 1900 1890 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 Kane County 91,862 78,792 66,061 6,045 4,656 4,346 Aurora township, including Aurora city, Mont- 4, IIS 3,617 S,S07 gomery village, and part of North Aurora 1,067 34,163 27,566 22, 2.5Q 1,074 29,807 24,147 19,688 i,00't Ward 7 4,301 971 Ward 2 « 3, 763 1,011 1,139 1,016 Ward S 6,604 857 1,198 1,190 Ward 4 s', 132 179 SOS 173 Ward 5 2,964 Ward 6 3,757 1,004 1,120 1,274 Ward 7 6,386 41 54 45 Montgomery village 'S71 350 263 North Aurora village {part of) 316 Total for North A urora village * in A urora 695 660 74s and Batavia townships 352 1,486 1,416 1,333 Batavia township, including Batavia city and 1,116 988 9S7 part of North Aurora village 5,251 4,642 4,292 S68 Batavia city 4i436 3,871 3,543 S87 Ward 1 "988 S61 1,363 843 971 1,031 Ward S ’954 SS7 S69 S9S Ward 4 l,isl 522 659 640 North Aurora village {part of) 36 553 623 692 Big Rock township. .” 919 879 808 Bl^kberry township, including Elbum village. 1,399 1,420 1,290 Elburn village 613 606 584 Burlhigton township, including Burlington 22,667 24,633 26,101 village 930 920 810 Campton township 1,037 1,040 938 808 935 950 Dundee township, including CarpentersvUle, 581 576 67S East Dundee, and W est Dundee villages 4,864 4,937 3,876 391 483 561 CarpentersvUle village 1,128 1,002 754 315 371 429 Eas't Dundee village 1,405 1,417 1,160 646 717 743 West Dundee village 1,SS0 I,S48 873 Elgin township ,1 including South Elgin village 1,446 1,364 1,282 and wards 1, 2,0, and 7, and parts of wards 1,S5S 1,146 1,069 3 to 5 of Elgin city 27,246 23,600 19,183 Elgin city * {part of) 26,75S 22,246 17,823 1,482 1,613 1,910 [For total, see Hanover township. Cook 918 OSS 1,128 County.) South Elgin village 680 615 505 4,835 6,006 5,655 Geneva township. Including Geneva city 3,634 3,106 2,030 918 Geneva city 2, 461 2,446 1,692 720 Ward 1 1,052 91^9 931 1,072 468 1,176 Hampshire township, including Hampshire vil- 1,245 1,429 1,283 lage .'. .” ! 1,524 1,689 1,618 70S 669 495 Hampshire village 697 760 696 636 808 933 Kaneville township 834 818 833 1,441 1,640 1,666 Plato township, including part of Pingree Grove 650 785 74s village 1,014 1,144 1,114 614 670 744 47 724 888 851 Total for Pingree Grove village <> in Plato and 251 312 309 135 746 855 859 [ Rutland township, including Gilberts village 202 207 264 1 and part of Pingree Grove village 1,169 1,178 1,140 563 577 488 268 222 802 915 1,067 88 I St. Charles township, including St. Charlescity . . 5,027 3,706 2,678 692 778 686 j St. Charlescity 4,046 2,675 1,690 388 4I8 1,088 1,843 1,804 1,352 Ward 2 l’,664 i,096 '946 '379 l',S94 '658 748 955 Sugar Grove township '885 823 816 360 400 507 Virgil township, including Maple Park village. .. 1,366 1,.324 1,376 435 405 404 ! Maple Park village S89 391 382 1,723 1,801 1,587 l,SSl 1,3S7 1,172 i Kankakee County 40,762 37,164 28,738 4,051 4,232 4,683 S,917 4,08S 4,607 1 Aroma township, including Waldron village 1,009 1,142 1,093 834 893 897 ' Waldron village 261 296 308 Bourbonnais township, including Bourbonnais and Bradley villages 3,556 3,093 1,623 611 695 14,331 16,667 16,013 1,942 1,618 Essex township, including Clarke City and Essex 1,204 1,111 1,080 villages 1,251 1,765 1,439 404 372 358 230 621 1,215 1,463 1,600 Essex village.. .'. S4S 385 266 Ganeer township, including ward 1 of Momenco 1,672 2,008 2,205 city 1 , 761 1, 564 1,471 S69 468 696 Momence city {part of) 776 681 608 1,167 907 783 Total for Momence city in Oancer and Mo- 311 2,201 2,026 1,635 1 347 1 2r>ri 1 (125 Ward 1 776 1 7q.5 2 114 l’,494 949 554 ' 4O6 476 1,308 1,534 1,262 Kankakee township, including Kankakee city. .. 17,654 13,860 9,285 1,199 1,511 1,524 Kankakee city 13,986 13,695 9,025 161 187 Ward / . . . 2,426 1 94fi 1 457 1 57.3 Ward 2 1,635 Ward S 2,237 1' 19./, 1,S17 ’828 Ward 4 1,831 9R1 Ward 5 1,845 402 Ward 6 2, 636 S71 Ward 7 1,578 1 1 Incorporated as a city in 1907. 2 Incorjxirated in 1905. * Incorporated in 1906. ■* Part of Elgin township annexed to Elgin city in 1903. '■ Incorporated in 1907. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 585 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. IThe word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] 1010 1000 1890 836 876 796 1,956 1,672 1,398 1,229 932 627 2,228 2,077 1,546 1,426 1,346 1,027 1,616 f,761 1,658 B7S 124 140 136 246 239 288 261 1,064 1,321 1,297 217 173 142 74 m 512 246 1,406 1,434 1,292 461 384 224 789 850 941 2,010 1,870 1,433 1,066 1,000 718 824 964 963 162 166 160 710 782 918 1,663 1,605 1,545 692 442 S40 10,777 11,467 12,106 1,283 1,411 1,461 107 133 197 279 406 410 390 1,136 1,070 1,211 S94 427 970 1,178 1,168 142 190 212 22S 286 SOI 1,318 1,365 1,322 4S1 413 375 1,005 1,087 1,112 90 148 2,220 2,360 2,728 1,627 1,634 1,825 696 62S 608 660 726 736 1,432 1,532 1,538 600 618 641 747 738 830 46,169 2 43,612 2 38,752 2,543 2,220 1,574 1,832 1,376 799 2,464 2,022 1,321 710 912 449 393 748 877 919 18 799 923 910 96 66 78 SS4 329 308 619 725 775 23,118 <951 <708 22,089 18,607 15,264 e, 103 2, 484 3', 717 3,740 3,247 3,214 1 S.68L 1 MINOR aviL DIViaiON. Kankakee County — Continued. Limestone toivnship Manteno township. Including Manteno village . . Manteno village Uomenoe township, including wards 2 and 3 of Moinence city Momence city (part of) Norton township, including Buckingham vil- lage and parts of Cabery and Reddick villages, Buckingham village * Cabery village (part of) (For total, see Rogers township. Ford County.] Reddick village (part of) Total for Reddick village in Norton township, Kankakee County, and Round Orove town- ship, Livingston County Otto township, including Irwin village and part of Chebanse town Chebanse town (part of) [For total, see Chebanse township, Iroquois County.] Irwin village^ Pembroke township Pilot township, including Herscher village Herscher village Rockville township St. Anne township, including St. Anne village. St. Anne village Sallna township, including Bon&eld village Bonfield village Sumner township. Yellowhead township, including Grant Park village Grant Park village Kendall County. Big Grove township, including Newark village and part of Lisbon village Lisbon village (part of) Total for Lisbon village in Big Orove and Lis- bon townships Newark village Bristol township, including Bristol village Bristol village Fox townsliip, including part of Millington vil- lage Millington village (part of) Total for Millington village in Fox township, Kendall County, and Mission township, La Salle County Kendall township, including YorkvlUe village.. Yorkville village Lisbon townsliip, including part of Lisbon vil- lage Lisbon village (part of) Little Rock township, Including Plano city Plano city Ward I Ward 2 Ward S Naausay township Oswego township, including Oswego village Oswego village Seward township Knox County. Cedar township, including wards 1 and 2 and parts of wards 3 and 4 of Abingdon city Abingdon city (part of) Total for Abingdon city in Cedar and Indian Point townships Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Chestnut township, including part of London Mills village London Mills village s (part of) [For total, see Young Hickory township, Fulton County.] Copley township, including part of Victoria vil- lage Victoria village (part of) Total for Victoria village in Copley and Vic- toria townships Elba township Galesburg township, including Galesburg city. . ’Jburg city Galesburg city. Wardt... Ward 2... Ward S. . . Ward4... Ward 5... Ward 6... Ward?... MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Knox County — Continued. Haw Creek township Henderson township, including Henderson town Henderson town IndianPoint township, including St. Augustine village and parts ofwards 3 and 4 of Abingdon city A bingdon city (part of) St. Augustine village Knox township, including East Galesburg vil- lage and Knoxville city East Galesburg village Knoxville city Wardl Ward 2 Wards I/ynn townshi IP Maquon township, including Maquon village. . Maquon village Ontario township, including Oneida city Oneida city Ward 1 Ward 2 Orange township Persifer township Rio township Salem township, including Yates City viUage. . Yates City village Sparta township, including Wataga village Wataga village Truro township, including WUliamsfleld village . Williamsfield village Victoria township, including part of Victoria village Victoria village (part of) Walnut Grove township, including Altona vil- lage Altona village LaSalle County. Adams township, including Leland village. .. Leland village Allen township, including Ransom village Ransom village Brookfield township Bruce township, including wards 1, 3 to 7, and part of ward 2 of Streator city Streator city (part of) Total for Streator city in Bruce and Eagle townships Ward 1 Wards Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Ward 6 Ward! Dayton township Deer Park township Dlmmlck township Eagle township, including Kangley viUage and part of ward 2 of Streator city Kangley village Streator city (part of) Earl township, including Earivllle city Earlville city Eden township, Including Cedar Point and Tonlca villages Cedar Point village ® Tonka village Fall River township Farm Ridge township, including Grand Ridge village ^ Grand Ridge viUage Freedom township Grand Rapids township Groveland township, including Dana and Rut- land villages Dana village Rutland village Hope township, including Lostant village Lostant village La Salle township, including La Salle and Port- land cities La Salle city Wardl Ward 2 Wards.... Ward4.... Ward 6 Wards.... Ward!.... Portland city ». 1910 1900 1890 826 876 951 1,076 1, 162 1,218 171 170 163 1,616 1,607 1,496 632 646 522 187 229 256 3,263 3,366 2,677 753 663 1,818 1,867 1,728 712 631 676 673 719 742 1,187 1,250 1,330 472 475 501 1,262 1,405 1,337 689 785 699 300 289 791 868 851 881 759 711 899 886 925 1,416 1,579 1,677 686 660 687 1,102 1,298 1,293 4U 645 586 1,194 1,129 865 480 U7 1,047 1,126 1,179 238 273 230 1,209 1,280 1,350 528 633 654 90,132 87,776 80,798 1,278 1,453 1,328 646 634 554 956 922 1,052 370 339 338 812 825 881 14,486 14,529 12,261 13,635 13,449 10,800 14,253 14,079 11,414 2,040 2,037 1,785 2,001 1,674 2,080 2,636 '644 800 761 827 851 802 750 814 851 1,715 2,478 2,368 380 1,004 934 618 630 6I4 1,816 1,957 2,020 1,069 1,122 1,058 1,817 1,382 1,410 545 483 m 473 416 406 395 1,068 1,119 1,110 403 392 328 916 1,039 1,025 673 639 798 1,622 1,986 1,601 254 310 221 764 893 509 1,174 1,351 1,054 458 480 378 17,239 13,361 11,620 11,537 10,446 9,865 1,477 1,174 1,364 1,901 i,89S 1,997 1,741 3,194 1 Incorporated in 1902. 2 County totals include population (18,607 in 1900; 16,264 in 1890) of Galesburg City township, returned as coextensive with Galesburg city in 1900 and 1890. * Returned in 1900 as in Fulton County only. * Exclusive of population of Galesburg city. 6 Incorporated in 1907. 6 Incorporated in 1903. 586 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. • Tadle 1.— population OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (The word “precinct,” whore used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes: for those tetween 1890 and 1900 see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] ’ MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 La Salle County — Continued. Manlius township, Including Grotty village and ward 1 and part of ward 2 of Marseilles city 3,090 2,771 2,683 Orolly village 1,005 1,036 1,190 Marseilles iily (part of) 1,68S 1,399 1,105 Total hr Marseilles city in Manlius and Rul- land townships 3,S9t 3,559 3,310 Ward 1 9S6 Ward 2 t,S14 Ward S iyOi'l Mendota township, Iticludlng wards 1, 2, and 4, and part of ward 3 of Mendota city 4,510 4,438 4,285 Mindota city (part of) 3,766 3,685 3,490 Total for Mendota city in Mendota and Troy Orove townships 3,806 3,736 3,543 1,067 IFord^ '869 li'ordS 807 Ward 4 1,07$ Meriden township '647 745 797 Miller township 794 880 1,016 Mission township, including Sheridan village and part of Millington village 1,350 1,384 1,394 Millington village (part of) 81 96 89 [For total, see Fox townslilp, Kendall County.) Sheridan village 506 485 435 Northville townsliip 768 799 857 Ophir township 898 911 843 Osage township, including East W enona village. 1,088 1,062 1,036 867 Ottawa township, including wards 2 to 7 of Ot- tawa city 8,620 9,693 9,464 Ottawa city (part of) 7,977 8,953 8,807 Total for Ottawa city in Ottawa and South Ot- tawa townships 9,535 10,588 9,985 1,568 1,193 IFardS 1,460 Wardi l',220 Wards 1,619 671 Ward 7 U814 Otter Creek townsliip 1,167 1,143 1,085 Peru township, including Peru city 8,390 7,256 5,883 Peru city 7,9Si 6,863 5,560 Ward 1 2,836 Ward 2 l',577 • l\tl5 i,206 1,752 Richland township, including Leonore village. . '835 844 712 208 277 Rutland township, including ward 3 and part of ward 2 of Marseilles citv 2,308 1,909 1,779 Marseilles city (part of) 1,608 1,360 1,105 Serena township 947 96l 919 South Ottawa township, including ward 1 of Ottawa city 2,178 2,254 1,729 Ottawa city (part of) 1,558 1,635 1,178 Troy Grove township. Including Troy Groye village and part of ward 3 of Mendota city 1,078 1,263 1,313 Mendota city (part of) 40 51 53 Troy Grove village m 316 383 Utica township, including North Utica village. . 1,342 1,582 1,568 North Utica village 976 1,150 1,094 Vermilion township 507 550 556 W allace townshi p 568 656 644 Waltham township 839 760 898 Lake County 65,058 34,604 24,236 Antioch township, including Antioch village and part of Lake Villa village 2,308 1,941 1,704 Antioch village 683 623 SOS 165 Total for Lake Vilfa village ^ In A ntioch and 342 Avon township, including Grayslake, Haines- ville, and Round Lake villages, and part of Lake Villa village 1,785 1,434 1,081 608 4 16 66 177 183 Benton township, including Winthrop Harbor village and Zion city 5,641 725 620 489 4,789 Loss WardZ 3,736 • Incorporated in 1908. * Incorporated in 1901. 2 Incorporated in 1902. < Returned as East Deerflcid in 1900. ‘ Name changed from Fort Sheridan in 1 904. Incorporated as a city in 1902. « Returned in 1900 as In Shields township only. ’ Incorporated in 1909. 8 Incorporated in 1906. MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 Lake County — Continued. Cuba township, including part of Barrington village 1,310 606 1,109 S93 4,654 3,806 956 263 2,890 3,183 Barrington village (part of) [For total, see Bairingtoh township, Cook County.) Deerfield township,^ including Highland Park and High wood cities and part of ward 2 of Lake Forest city 7,502 4,309 88S Highland Park city Ward 1 '. Ward 3 1,819 1,002 Ward 3 Ward 4 1,005 1,219 Highwood city ’> 1,575 451 Ward 1 270 Ward 3 799 Wards 160 Lake Forest city s (nart of) 88 Total for Lake Forest ' city « in Deerfield, Shields, and West Deerfield townships Wardl S,S49 945 1,1 S5 3,315 1,303 Ward 3 Wards 1,269 Ela township, including Lake Zurich village Lake Zurich village i;34i S04 1,079 68 1,243 215 1,296 Fremont township, including part of Rocke- feller village 1,086 1,065 Rockefeller village (part of) Total for Rockefeller village'^ in Fremont and Libertyville toionships 868 Grant township, including Fox Lake village Fox Lake village * 829 400 3,076 • 638 511 Libertywille township, including Libertyville village and part of Rockefeller village 2,148 1,694 650 LiBertyville village ” 1,724 290 864 Rockefeller village (part of) Newport township . 1,171 1,145 1,164 Shields township^ including Lake Bluff village and ward 1 and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Lake Forest city and ward 3 and part of ward 2 of North Chicago city 5,567 726 3,625 1,751 Lake Bluff village '490 3,215 595 Lake Forest city (part of) 8,218 1,303 North Chicago city (paii of) 1,143 S,S06 1,S16 1,091 Total for Tforth Chicago city ® in Shields and W'a^lkegan townships 1,150 Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards '899 Vernon township 1,235 1,153 1,172 1,198 1,077 1,097 1^265 Wauconda township, including Wauconda 1,033 1,083 897 W^uconda village '868 368 Waukegan township, including Waukegan city and ward 1 and part of ward 2 of North Chicago 18,982 10, 466 655 5,348 North Chicago city {part of) 3, 16S 16,069 5,537 3,776 1,6SS 3,636 S.U7 1,046 476 48 22,661 9,426 4,915 Wardl Wards Wards Ward 4 West Deerfield townsliip, including Deerfleid village and part ot ward 3 of Lake Forest city. . . Deerfield village w 770 783 Lake Forest city ® {part of) Lawrence County 16,623 » 14,693 Allison township 1,013 1,019 1,010 Bond township, including Birds village i;865 1,822 i;458 Birds village '882 SS5 Bridgeport township, including Bridgeport city. Bridgeport city *3 3,533 2,708 634 487 13 650 474 Ward 1 714 882 Ward 2 Wards 1,107 Christy township, Including Sumner city 2,383 1,41s 348 58S 2,387 1,368 2,063 1,0S7 Sumner city \ Ward i Ward 3 Wards 583 Denison township. Including St. Francisvillo city 3,878 2,708 691 2,253 St. Francisville ciiy^* 1,891 4S3 If'ord f '. 44s 581 Ward 3 '' Wards S67 » Incorporated as a city in 1909. 1" Incorporated in lOO.!. " County total includes population (474) of Rrldgoport town, returned independ- ently in 1.S90. 12 Exclusive of population of Bridgopert town. >8 Incorporated as a city In 1908. Incorporated as a city In 1907. 587 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. IThe worJ “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For clianges in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of tlio Twelfth Census; 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.J MINOR aviL DmaiON. 1910 1900 1890 Lawrence County— Continued. Lawrence township, including LawrencovUle city 4,713 2,734 1,826 Lawrenceville city S,2SS 1,S00 865 1,127 Ward 2 710 Ward 3 SOS S95 Lukin township 1,600 1,715 1,765 Petty township 2, 491 1,876 1,694 Russell township. Including RussoUvlUe village. 1,185 1,328 1,500 Russellville village 257 253 284 Lee County 27,760 29,894 26,187 Alto township, including Steward village 916 924 923 $6S Amboy township, including Amboy city 2,600 2,726 3, 139 Amboy city Ward I 1,749 711 1,828 2,257 Wards 4O6 Wards 642 Ashton township, including Ashton village 1,069 1,125 1,031 Ashton village 779 756 680 Bradford township 689 677 720 Brooklyn township, including Compton and West Brooklyn villages 1,365 1,347 1,154 Compton village S87 428 234 268 279 China township, including Franklin Grove village 1,174 1,315 1,361 Franklin Grove village 672 681 788 Dixon township, including Dixon city 8,691 9,128 6,804 Dixon city 7,216 7,917 5,181 Ward 1 1,628 1,S40 Wards 1,296 1,SS5 1,718 East Grove township 698 653 659 Hamilton township 469 498 329 Harmon township, Including Harmon village... 764 936 840 162 Lee Center township 871 876 789 Marion township 654 741 750 May township 613 657 703 Nachusa township 699 886 913 Nelson township 539 586 454 Palmyra township 880 1,019 1,016 Reynolds township 643 743 674 South Dixon township 797 854 841 Sublette township, including Sublette village... 963 1,004 1,000 Sublette village, 287 S06 V iola township .”. 604 694 598 Willow Creek township, including part of Lee village 886 959 1,034 Lee village (part of) 170 151 15S (For total, see Shabbona township, Dekalb County.) W yoming township, including Pawpaw village. 1,366 1,546 1,465 Pawpaw village 709 766 Livingston County 40,466 42,035 38,466 Amity township. Including Cornell village 1, 173 1,226 1,252 Oornell village 6S8 621 437 Avoca township 719 814 876 Belle Prairie tpwnship 461 603 584 Broughton township, including parts of Campus and Emington villages 881 992 964 Campus village {part of) 49 U Total for Campus village in Broughton and Round Grove townships 241 226 Emington village (part of) ISS 147 129 Total for Emington village in Broughton and Union townships 190 206 129 Charlotte township 691 725 747 Chatsworth township, including Chatsworth town 1,717 1,754 1,578 Chatsworth town 1,112 1,038 827 Dwight township, including Dwight village 2,843 2,800 2, 174 Dwight village 2,156 2,015 1,354 Eppards Point township 831 958 976 Eimen town.ship 742 793 768 Fayette township, including Strawn village 682 668 648 Strawn village 277 224 233 Forrest township, including Forrest town 1,708 1,803 1,891 Forrest town 967 952 1,021 Gemianville township 366 490 '494 Indian Grove township, including Falrbury city 3,499 3,448 3,117 Fairbury city 2,505 2,187 2,324 Ward 1 764 Ward 2 1,002 Ward S '7S9 Long Point township. Including Long Point village 966 1,067 1,129 Long Point village 2S9 284 MINOR CTVIL DIVISION. Livingston County — Continued. Nebraska township, including Flanagan village. Flanagan village Nevada township Newtown township Odell township, including Odell village Odell village Owego township Pike township Pleasant Ridge township Pontiac township, inciuding Pontiac city Pontiac city Ward I Ward 2 Ward S Wardi Reading township Rooks Creek township Round Grove township, includtngCardiff village and parts of Campus and Reddick villages Campus village (part of) Cardiff village * Reddick village (part of) [For total, see Norton township, Kankakee County.) Saunemin township, including Saunemin village Saunemin village Sullivan township, including Cullom village Cullom village Sunbury township Union township, including part of Emington village Emington village (part of) Waldo township Logan County Aetna township Atlanta township, including Atlanta city Atlanta city Ward t Ward 2 Wards Broadwell township, including Broadwell vil- lage Broadwell village Chester township Corwin township, including Middleton village . . Middleton village » East Lincoln township, s including wards 1, 2, and 5 and part of ward 3 of Lincoln city Lincoln city (part of) Total for Lincoln city > in East and West Lin- coln townships Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Ward 6 Elkhart township. Including part of Elkhart village Elkhart village (part of) Total for Elkhart village in Elkhart and Hurl- hut townships Eminence township Hurlbut township, including part of Elkhart village Elkhart village (/part of) Laenna township, including Latham village Latham village Lake Fork township Mount Pulaski township. Including Mount Pu- laski city Mount Pulaski city Ward t Ward 2 Ward S Oran township Orvil township, including Hartsburg village and part of Emden village Emden village (part of) Total for Emden village in Orvil and Prairie Creek townships Hartsburg village Prairie Creek township. Including parts of Em- den and San Jose villages Emden village (part of) San Jose village (part of) Total for San Jose village in Prairie Creek township, Logan County, and Allin Grove township. Mason County Sheridan township. Including New Holland village New Holland village West Lincoln township. Including ward 4 and part of ward 3 of Lincoln city Lincoln city (part of) 1910 1900 1890 1,498 1,468 1,481 690 509 384 732 818 833 679 809 1,589 1,692 1,792 1,658 1,036 1,000 800 703 758 877 690 778 873 685 727 705 7,073 7,048 4,066 6,090 4,266 2,784 1,460 1,279 i,89l 1,460 1,713 1,875 1,513 890 1,020 1,135 1,895 1,484 983 192 212 1,031 ' i2 22 1,154 1,258 1,466 357 360 386 1,437 1,480 1,283 579 458 200 825 892 902 681 844 841 57 69 839 943 1,052 30,216 28,680 25,489 949 999 946 1,849 1,781 1,698 1,367 1,270 1,178 421 488 468 811 775 849 248 202 231 808 837 854 1,454 1,138 1,032 761 6, 776 5,641 4,480 5,883 4.623 3,510 10,892 8,962 6,725 1,902 1,769 1,693 3,648 2,0W 1,356 1,378 1,400 3U 471 381 4I8 553 414 1,010 1, 136 1,155 542 556 632 82 63 1,059 1,123 964 7,38 429 265 399 430 438 2,878 3,013 2,606 1,611 1,643 1,357 Ui 619 448 903 948 943 1,624 1,632 1,503 400 330 411 330 360 289 269 896 984 1,035 11 i'T 53 448 479 sort 1,094 1,117 968 387 358 5,808 5,192 4,086 6,009 4,339 3,215 > Part of East Lincoln township annexed to Lincoln city in 1901. > Incorporated In 1903. * Incorporated in 1900. 588 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (The word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between lb90 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] VIINOB CIVIL DIVISION. UoDonongh County. Bethel township Blandinsville township, including part of Blan- dinsvllle village Blandinsville village (part of) Total for Blandinsville village in Blandins- ville and H ire townships Bushnell township, including Bushnellcity Bushnell city Ward 1 Wards Ward S Chalmers township Colchester townslup, Including Coichester city . . Colchester city Ward / Ward 2 Wards Eldorado township Emmet township Hire township, including part of Blandinsvilie viilage Blandinsville village (part of) Industry township, including Industry village. Industry villape Lamoine township Macomb City township,* coextensive with Macomb city Macomb city:^ Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Wardi Macomb township, including part of Bardolph village Bardolph village (part of) Total for Bardolph village^ in Macomb and Mound townships Mound township, including part of Bardolph village Bardolph village (part of) New Salem township Prairie City township, including Prairie City village Prairie City village Sciota township, including Sciota village and part of Good Hope village Good Hope village (part of) Totalfor Good Hope village in Sciota and Wal- nut Grove townships Sciota village Scotland township Tennessee township, including Tennessee vil- lage Tennessee village Walnut Grove township, including part of Good Hope village Good Hope village (part of) McHenry County. Alden township Algonquin township, including Algonquin end Cary villages and part of Crystal Lake village. Algonquin village Cary village Crystal Lake village (part of) Total for Crystal Lake village in A Igonquin and Burton township, including part of Spring Grove village Spring Grove village (part of) Total for Spring Grove village * in Burton and Richmortd townships Chemung township, including Harvard city Harvard city...\ Ward 1 Wards Ward S Coral township, including part of Union village. . Union village (part of) Total for Union village • in Coral and Seneca townships Dorr township, including Woodstock city Woodstock city Ward I Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Dunham township Grafton township, including Huntley village. . . Huntley village Greenwood township Hartland township Hebron township, including Hebron village Hebron village 1910 26,887 972 1,584 m 987 2, 961 2,619 998 874 747 787 2,092 1,44s 42s 4S9 681 798 913 933 95 1,450 680 854 5,774 7,578 1,687 1,12s 1,686 1,048 27S 286 907 12 1,051 1,072 719 1, 107 24s S61 160 819 851 274 914 118 32,609 1,026 3,675 642 679 976 1,242 451 172 20s 4,101 S,008 1,018 898 1,092 1,432 406 452 5,335 4, SSI 1,4S0 961 757 1,20s 849 1,589 775 908 905 1,430 644 1900 28,412 1,130 1,710 977 996 2,805 2,490 809 2, 3S9 1,636 880 1,001 1,011 78 1,504 46S 1,015 5,375 1,186 558 587 1,014 19 1,168 1,142 878 1,304 500 450 258 868 1,033 527 948 ISO 29,759 1,015 3,048 5-50 598 800 950 400 3,814 2,602 1,451 522 522 3,470 2,502 8.59 1,484 606 901 874 1,4.30 611 1890 891 2,505 1,643 883 1,037 1, 148 95 1,419 452 1,096 4,052 1,221 426 447 1,145 21 1,155 1,214 812 ‘1,031 558 258 874 1,017 SIS ‘781 26,114 1,014 2,512 664 781 296 3,057 1,967 1,354 2, 790 7,585 919 1,437 660 899 9(K) 1,167 MINOB CIVIL DIVISION. McHenry County— Continued. McHenry township, including McHenry village McHenry village Marengo township, including Marengo city Marengo city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Nunda township, including North Crystal Lake village, and pai-t of Crystal Lake village Crystal Lake village (part of) North Crystal Lake village ’ Richmond township, including Riclimond vil- lage and part of Spring Grove village Richmond village Spring Grove village (part of) Riley township Seneca township, including part of Union village Union village « (part of ) McLean County. AUin township, including Stanford viilage Stanford village Anchor township Arrowsmith township. Including Arrowsmith viliage Arrowsmith village Bellflower township, including Bellflower vil- las Bellflower village Bloomington township,® including wards 1 to 4, and 7 and parts of wards 6 anal 6 of Bloom- Inrton city Bloomington city (part of) Total fur Bloomington city * in Bloomington and Normal townships Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Ward 6 Wards Ward 7 Blue Mound township, including CooksvUie vil- lage CooksvUie village • Cheney Grove township, including Saybrook village Saybrook village Chenoa township. Including Chenoa city Chenoa city Il’ard 7 Trord2 Wards Cropsey township Dale township Danvers township. Including Danvers village. . . Danvers village Dawson township Downs township Dry Grove township Empire township, including Leroy city Leroy city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Funks Grove township Gridley township, including Gridloy town Gridley town Hudson township, including Hudson town Hudson town Lawndale township Lexington township, including Lexington city. . Lexington city. Unro ' hrd 7 Il'ard 2 Ward S Martin township, including Colfax village Colfax village Money Creek township Mount Hope township. Including McLean vil- lage McLean village Nonnal township, including Normal town and parts of wards 5 and 6 of Bloomington city Bloomington city (part of) Normal town Oldtown township Randolph township. Including Heyworth vil- lage Heyworth village Towanda township, including 'I'owanda village. Towanda village West township White Oak township Yates township •County total Includes population (368)of Good Hope village, returned independ- ently in 1890. * Macomb city, coextensive vdth Macomb City township. Incorrectly reported as in Chalmers, Emmet, Macomb, and Scotland townships in 1900 and 1890. • Owing to physical disability, the enumerator for Bardolph village failed to fully canvass all the territory assigned to him and, according to a local census, between 50 and 60 persons were thereby omitted from the enumeration, but the oirilsslon was discovered at too late a date to pennit of a change in the population of Bardolph. 1910 2,679 1,031 2,702 1,936 647 70S 686 2,110 267 689 1,472 554 SI 822 1,023 26 68,008 1900 1890 2,673 1,013 2,859 2,005 2,555 979 2,255 7,445 1,963 160 6O4 1,498 676 1,805 127 4S8 1,212 4I6 915 1,105 830 1,046 67,848 63,086 1,197 1,302 1,209 626 601 589 932 957 903 1,013 1,081 1,090 S66 317 1,167 1,241 1,294 S94 555 24,032 23, 528 19,743 22,007 21,278 17,623 26, 768 23,286 20,484 S,690 $,816 4,082 $,987 $,464 $\ '467 S, $7$ 1,176 1,158 1,057 S32 1,557 1,723 1,849 806 879 861 2,117 2,219 2,004 1,S14 1,612 1,226 $3$ 617 464 531 544 543 1,022 1,063 1,010 1,543 1,760 1,665 69S 607 606 1,235 1,275 1,264 1,278 1,330 1,330 903 1,218 1,092 2,635 2,&39 2,325 1,702 1,629 1,268 670 669 473 791 916 777 1,833 1,836 1,699 760 716 474 1,095 1,277 1,269 575 578 *75 755 840 945 2,211 2,498 2,174 1,818 1,416, 7,787 488 490 340 Ltioi 1,911 1,428 966 1,163 753 843 882 1,486 1,361 1,432 707 6S2 500 8, 605 6,659 7,312 5,757 2,008 2,961 4,024 5,795 S,469 946 970 906 1,829 1,891 1,833 587 683 666 1,210 1,242 1,255 404 467 402 999 1,035 1,136 692 607 694 864 919 1,017 ‘ Exclusive of population of Good Hope village. ‘ Incorporated in 1902. ‘ Returned In 1900 as In Coral township only. 1 Name changed from Nunda in 1908. •* Parts of Bloomington township annexed to Bloomington city In 1900, 1902i 1904. and 1905. ® Incorporated In 1901. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 589 Table 1 .— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 189(>-Continued. (The word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1010. see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] HINOB CIVIL DIVISION. Macon County Austin township Blue Mound township Decatur township, * Including Decatur city Decatur city > Ward I Wards Ward S WardJi Ward 5 Bard e irard? Friends Creek township, Including Argenta town Argenta town Harrlstown township Hickory Point township lUlnl township. Including Warrensburg town... Wan ensburg town Long Creek township Maroa township, Including Maroa city Maroa city Milam township Mount /.Ion township. Including Mount Zion town Mount Zion town Nlantic township. Including Niantlc village Niantic village Oakley township Pleasant View township. Including Blue Mound town Blue Mound town South Macon township, Including Macon village. Macon village South Wheatland township Whitmore township Macoupin County Barr township, including part of Hettick village. Hettick village (part of) Total for Hettick village in Barr and South Palmyra townships Bird township Brighton township, including part of Brighton village Brighton village (part of) [For total, see Piasa township, Jersey County.) Brushy Mound township Bunker Hill township, including Bunker Hill city and Woodburn town. Bunker Hill city North ward South ward Woodburn town Cahokia to\vn.ship, including Benld village and part of ward 2 of Gillespie city Benld village^ Oillespie city^ (part of) Total for Gillespie city s in Cahokia and Gilles- pie townships Ward 1 Wards Ward S Carlinville township, including Carlinville city. Carlinville city Wardl Wards Ward S Ward 4 Chesterfield township, including Chesterfield village and part of Medora village Chesterfield village Medora village (part of) Total for Medora village in Chesterfield and Shipman townships Dorchester township, including part of Dorches- ter village Dorchester village (part of) Total for Dorchester village in Dorchester and Oillespie townships Gillespie to wnship, including part of Dorchester village and wards 1 and 3 and part of ward 2 of Gillespie city Dorchester village (part of) Oillespie city (part of) Girard township, mcluding Girard city Girard city Wardl Wards Wards Hillyard township Honey Point township 1910 1900 1890 64,186 44,003 38,083 712 765 733 1,049 1,265 1,183 35,739 24,862 18,684 SI, 140 SO, 7 64 16,841 £y974 483 4,660 4,894 4,379 6,368 4,40s 1,506 1,686 1,561 619 BS5 808 799 797 1,060 1,021 1,080 1,198 1,246 1,185 504 503 1,109 1,293 1,353 2,004 2,066 2,084 1,160 1,S1S 1,164 489 543 632 1,286 1,320 1,334 SSO 370 1,270 1,243 1,259 685 654 6S9 969 1,020 1,070 1,604 1,479 1,392 900 714 696 1,479 1,431 1,675 683 705 819 914 969 1,015 990 995 1,046 60,686 42,256 40,380 1,046 1,186 1,088 117 116 306 S69 775 808 873 1,388 1,555 1,749 BB4 606 697 746 845 849 2,126 2,516 2,748 1,046 1,S79 1,S69 663 484 175 SOS SS6 3,978 1,108 1,171 1,91S '693 S,S41 873 948 639 914 688 4,443 4,389 4,226 S,616 S,60S 3,203 1,061 '798 998 769 1,386 1,433 1,498 364 377 374 S94 S99 337 444 449 470 918 913 1,049 50 S4 4S lOS 104 3,075 1,716 1,775 BS 0 ) 6S 1,B48 87S 948 2,580 2,223 2,139 1,891 1,661 1,BS4 847 445 699 908 1,025 1,020 874 837 895 MINOB crvn, DIVISION. 1910 , 1 , Macoupin County— Continued. Mount Olive township, including Mount Olive, Sawyervllle, and White City villages Sawyerville village ‘ White City village^ Nilwood township, including part of Nilwood village Nilwood village (part of) Total for Nilwood village in Nilwood and South Otter townships North Otter township North Palmyra township, including Modesto village and part of Palmyra village Modesto village Palmyra village (part of) Total for Palmyra village in North and South Palmyra townships Polk township Scott ville township, including Scottville village. . Scottville village Shaw Point township Shipman township, mcluding Shipman village and part of Medora village Medora village (part o ) Shipman village South Otter township, including part of Nil- wood village Nilwood village (part of) South Palmyra township, including parts of Hettick and Palmyra villages Hettick village (part of) Palmyra village (part of) Staunton township, mcludmg Staunton city . . . Staunton city Ward I Ward S B'ard S Ward 4 Virden township, mcluding Virden city Virden city B'ard 1 Wards B'ard S B'ard 4 W estem Mound township 5,058 S,B0t 44B 4S1 1,396 S99 401 783 1,524 S9S 408 873 722 1,113 SOI 881 1,334 ISO SOS 910 S 1,536 189 46S 5,837 S,048 1,660 1,SSS l,S3S 80S 4,573 4,000 994 1,0S8 889 1,079 775 1900 1890 3,481 S,9SB 1,341 4S0 1,247 4S4 840 961 1,606 1,446 S99 S75 S98 81S 867 1,293 S64 950 BOB 890 1,365 S63 995 1,484 ISO S98 1,521 ISS 410 1,104 4 1,104 1,519 14s 438 3,385 2,786 1,527 S07 5,285 S,S09 2,909 2,038 S,S80 1,610 917 921 Madison County ....j A Ihambra to wnship , including A lhambra village . Alhambra ville^e Alton township,® including Alton city Alton city • B'ard 1 Wards B'ard 3 B'ard 4 B'ard 5 B'ard 6 B'ard 7 Chouteau township Collinsville townsnip. Including Coliinsville city and Maryville village Collinsville city Ward 1 Wards B'ard 3 B'ard 4 B'ard B Maryville village^ Edwardsville township, including Edwardsville city and Glen Carbon village Edwardsville city B'ord 1 B'ard S B'ard 3 B'ard 4 Glen Carbon village Fort Russell township, including part of Beth- alto village Bethalto village (part of) Total for Bethalto village in Fort Russell and B'ood River townships Foster township,® including Fosterburg town... Fosterburg town Godfrey township, including Godfrey village.. Godfrey village Hamel township Helvetia township, including parts of wards 1 to 3 of Highland city Highland city (part of) Total for Highland city in Helvetia and Saline townships B'ard 1 B'ard S B'ard 3 89,847 64,694 61,835 1,216 433 17,828 17,SS8 3,030 1,245 308 15,241 14,210 1,122 11,057 10,294 S,5G6 1,9BS S,86S 2,187 2,581 2,356 768 875 954 10,607 7,478 1,350 1,198 1,611 1,4S9 1,880 7S9 5,812 5,224 4,021 3,498 8,705 5,014 888 1,S98 1,486 1,S4S 1,SS0 6,907 4,844 4,157 3,561 1,548 1,067 113 1,093 90 1,787 68 1,078 1,214 126 477 1,203 ISO 1,666 29 1,103 1,284 468 879 1,318 110 2,040 238 1,205 3,247 2,234 3,060 1,777 3,162 1,857 2,675 1,117 874 684 1,970 1,857 ' Parts of Decatur township annexed to Decatur city In 1901, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1907, and 1909. 2 Incorporated In 1904. ® Returned in 1900 as in Gillespie township only. Incorporated as a city in 1907. * Not returned separately in 1900. ® Incorporated In 1907. 6 Part of Alton township (North Alton village) annexed to Alton city In 1907. 4 Incorporated in 1902. ® Returned as Fosterburg In 1900. 590 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [The word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in l)oundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of tlie Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] MINOn CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 Madison County -Continued. Marlon County— Continued. Jarvis township, including Troy city Ttoi/ cihj Lcef townislup, including jiart of Saline village. . Saline village (part of) Total for Saline villagein Leef and Saline town- ships Marino townsliip, including Marine village Marine village Moro township Naraooki township, Including parts of wards 2 and 3 of Granite city and part of Madison vlilage Granite citv (part of) Total for Oranite city 'in Nameokiand Veniee townships Ward / 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward/, Ward 6 Madison village * (part of) Total for Madison village 2 in Nameoki and Venice townships New Douglas township, including New Douglas village New Douglas village Olive township, including Livingston and Wil- liamson villages Livingston village ' Williamson village* Omphghent township, including W orden village Worden village Pin Oak township St. Jacob township, including St. Jacob village. . St. Jacob village Saline township, including parts of wards 1 to 3 of Highland city and parts of Millers- burg and Saline villages Highland city (part of) Millcrsburg village s (part of) (Pierron P.O.). [For total, see Burgess township. Bond County.} Saline village (part of) Venice township, including Venice city, and wards 1, 4, and 5, and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Granite city, and part of Madison vil- lage Granite city (part of) Madison village (part of) Venice city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Wood River township, including BenbowCity, East Alton, East Wood River, and Wood River villages. Upper Alton city, and part of Bethalto village fienbow City village* Bethalto village (part of) East A lion village East Wood River village^ Upper Alton city Wood River village ' 2,828 l,U7 (H,6 61 112 1,.')1.5 685 907 2,298 1,080 741 91 161 1,053 606 1,008 2, 190 826 790 1,050 637 1,107 6,050 4,255 2,834 1,316 1,558 9,903 564 3,160 2,202 2,031 1,966 150 5,046 3,122 1,979 948 499 931 1,024 469 655 2,627 1,092 648 2,002 1,082 933 1,428 534 773 1,499 su 1,026 1,400 464 697 1,472 522 1,119 1,648 476 1,487 w 81 1,348 193 1,142 51 60 14,421 6,648 4,896 3,718 591 597 2,630 6,335 1,807 1,979 2,450 1,463 932 6,579 205 334 584 400 2,918 84 4,402 3,459 351 454 411 2,373 1,803 Marlon County Alma township, including Abna village Alma village Carrigan township Centralia township, including Central City vil- lage and wards 1, 2. and 4, and parts of wards 3 and 5 of Centralia city Central City village Centralia city (part of) (For total, see Brookside township, Clinton County.) Foster township Haines township luka township, including luka vlilage luka village Kdnmundy township. Including Klnmundy city. Kinmundy city Wardl ;... Ward 2 Ward 3 Meachara township , Odin township, including Odin village Odin village Omega township Patoka township. Including Patokaand Vernon villages Patoka village Vernon villaget Raccoon township Roinine township 35,094 30,446 24,341 1,004 1,180 8G2 380 418 876 891 774 11,923 8,638 6,000 1,179 615 304 9,351 6,682 4,763 885 939 821 1,246 1,427 1,003 1,435 1,332 1,197 364 421 362 1,800 2,046 1,735 997 1,221 1,045 426 W 287 973 1,073 790 1,890 1,727 2, 390 1,400 1,180 817 1,145 1,129 1,031 1,740 1,713 1,501 676 640 602 SS3 1,093 1,215 1, 1.37 1,465 1,401 1,135 Salem township. Including Salem city Salem city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Sandoval township, including Sandoval village. . Sandoval village Stevenson township Tonti township 3,497 2,669 987 767 925 2,160 1,663 897 909 Marshall County 16,679 Bell Plain township, including I^a Rose village. . La Rose village Bennington township, including Toluca city Toluca city Wardl mrd2 Ward 3 Evans township, including Wenona city Wenona city Henry township, including Henry city Henry city Hopewell township Lacon township, including Lacon city Lacon city East ward North ward South ward La Prairie township Richland township Roberts township, including Varna village Varna village Saratoga township Steuben township, including Sparland village.. Sparland village Whimfleld township 870 165 3,230 2,407 838 1,004 665 2,284 1,44S 1,954 1,687 544 1,753 1,495 471 615 609 790 665 983 406 763 1,115 461 728 Mason County 17,377 Allen Grove torvnshlp, including part of San Jose village San Jose village (part of) [For total, see Prairie Creek township, Logan County.] Bath township, including Bath village Bath village Crane Creek township Forest City township, including Forest City village Forest City village Havana township, including Havana city Havana city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 KUboume township, including Kil bourne village. Kilbourne village * Lynchburg toivnship Manito townsliip, including Manito village Manila village Mason City township, including Mason City.... Mason City Ward 1 IPiird 2 Ward 3 Pennsylvania township Quiver township, including Topeka village Topeka village Salt Creek township Sherman townsldp, including Easton village Easton village 1,132 399 1,501 475 729 855 306 4,373 3,526 1,141 1,033 1,351 975 424 794 1,384 696 2,595 1,842 560 600 682 760 596 ISO 643 1,010 407 Massac County 14,200 Benton precinct Brooklyn precinct, including Brookport city Brookport city * Ward I Ward 2 Ward 3 Georges Creek precinct Grant precinct Hillerman precinct, including Joppa village Joppa village Jackson precinct Logan precinct Metropolis precinct. Including Metropolis city.. Metropolis city Wardl..'. Wards Wards Ward 4 Washington precinct 713 2,152 1,US 419 626 498 698 1,243 1,470 734 1,330 788 4,950 4,656 1,529 897 1,412 817 850 1,235 426 1,316 330 776 864 309 4,191 3,268 1,034 774 1,323 661 2,648 1,890 885 694 160 705 1,046 335 13,110 1900 1890 1 2,250 1,493 1,696 1,258 813 918 16,370 ssl 762 954 13,653 944 146 3,422 2,629 958 919 2,408 1,486 2,019 1,637 597 1,903 1,601 1,898 1,063 1,865 1,512 624 2,035 1,649 808 725 1,069 403 681 1,075 459 719 17,491 860 805 1,065 398 779 1,024 471 821 16,067 811 1,702 866 838 1,300 1,018 1,423 671 4,436 4,069 911 1,108 307 1,303 SSI 706 888 3,510 2,625 792 668 1,187 2,606 1,869 837 718 141 835 909 11,313 795 924 216 823 1,201 1,645 1,288 3,815 5,573 803 • ' Through a misunderstanding of the boundaries of his district, an enumerator In Granite city failed to canvass a part of the territory assigned to liim and.acconi- Ing to a local census, about 000 persons were thereby omitted from the enumeration, but tlie omissioti was discovered at too late a date to permit a change in the po[)ula- tion of Granite citv. 2 Rcturneii in 1900 as in Venice tow'nship only. •i incorporated in 1905. * Incorporated in 1907. <> Keturned in 1900 as in Burgess township. Bond County, only. ' Incorporated in 1909. ’ Incorporated in 1908. » Incorporated lu 1903. » Name chan,ged from Brooklyn in 1903. Incorporated ns a city in 1903. "> incorporated in 1901. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 591 Table 1 .— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (Tlio word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.J irrNOR CIVIL DIVISION. Menard County Athens precinct, including Atliens city Athens city Ward t Wards Ward S Atterbury precinct » Fancy Prairie precinct Oreenview precinct,* Including Oreenview village Oreenview village Indian Creek precinct Irish Grove precinct < Oakford precinct, including Oakford village Oakford village Petersburg precinct, inciuding Petersburg city. . Petersburg city . 1 Ward I Wards Wards Rock Creek precinct Sandridge precinct Sugar Grove precinct * Tsliula precinct, including Tallula village Taltula village Mercer County Abington township, including Seaton village. . . Seaton village * Duncan township Eliza township Greene township, including Viola village Viola village Keithsburg township, including Keithsburg city Keithsburg city Ward 1 Wards Wards Mercer township, including Aledo city Aledo city Ward 1 Wards Ward 3 Millersburg township, including Joy village Joy village'' New Boston township, including New Boston city New Boston city North Henderson township, including part of Alexis village A lexis village ® (part of) Total for A lexis village ^ in North Henderson and Suez townships, Mercer County, and Spring Orove township, Warren County Ohio Grove township Perryton township, including part of Reynolds village Reynolds village * {part of) Total for Reynolds village ® in Perryton town,- ship, Mercer County, and Edgin^on town- ship, Rock Island County Preemption township Richland Grove township. Including Cable, Sherrard, and Swedona villages Cable village Sherrard village Swedona village Rivoli township, including Windsor village Windsor vitl^e {New Windsor P. O.) Suez township, including part of Alexis village. . Alexis village {part of) Monroe County Bluff precinct Columbia precinct, Including Columbia town . . . Columbia town Harrisonvilie precinct Mltchie precinct, including Maeystown village. . Maeystown village i* Moredock precinct New Design precinct. Including Burksvilie vil- lage Burksvilie village •> New Hanover precinct 1910 1900 1890 12,796 14,336 1 13,120 2,185 2,585 l,Stfi 1,5S5 9U 470 476 532 436 443 1,253 1,855 9S1 1,019 1,106 629 694 681 644 1,030 S/7 SS8 3,607 3,932 S,6S7 S,807 s,s4s 94s 676 969 511 668 485 585 522 771 1,467 1,241 74s 639 445 19,723 20,945 18,545 908 1,016 832 S26 691 778 733 833 902 670 2,123 2,289 1,640 760 55S 4S1 1,726 1,812 1,747 1,515 1,566 1,484 S47 48S 685 2,810 2,866 2,330 S,144 S,081 1,601 798 65S 693 1,324 1,379 1,248 616 1,531 1,546 1,285 718 70S 445 855 932 912 14 8S9 915 56S 800 898 909 705 817 913 10 S67 SS9 944 829 854 2,275 2,709 2,410 S60 697 1,S76 906 8S6 97 111 159 1,118 1,145 1, 2-47 660 47S 477 1,020 1,027 815 S58 S46 13,508 13,847 12,948 777 838 821 2, 129 2,157 2,108 S,076 1,197 1,S67 892 606 683 1,077 1,079 1,016 S84 666 633 677 1,322 1,451 1,087 187 527 6i7 674 1 Not returned by precincts In 1890. 2 Name changed from Little Grove in 1902. * Part taken to form part of Irish Grove precinct in 1900. * Organized from parts of Greenview and Sugar Grove precincts in 1900. * Returned as Sweetwater in 1900. Part taken to form part of Irish Grove nre- cinct In 1900. 0 Incorporated in 1907. ’ IncoiTiorated In 1901. * Returned in 1900 as in Suez township, Mercer County, and Spring Grove town- ship, Warren County, only. “ Returned in 1900 as in Edgington township, Rock Island County, only. MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Monroe County— Continued. Prairie du Long precinct, Including Hecker vil- lage Hecker village Renault precinct, including Renault village. . . Renault village Waterloo precinct, including Waterloo city Waterloo city Ward 1 Wards Wards Montgomery County Audubon township Bois d’Arc townsnip, including Farmersville village Farmersville village Butler Grove township, including Butler village. Butler village East Fork township, including Coffeen and Schram City villages, and part of Donnellson village Coffeen village Donnellson village {part of ) [For total, see Shoal Creek township. Bond County.) Schram City village^ Fillmore township, including Fillmore village.. Fillmore village Grisham township, including parts of Donnellson and Panama villages Donnellson village {part of) Panama village's {part of) [For total, see Shoal Creek township. Bond County.) Harvel township, including part of Harvel vil- lage Harvel village {part of) [For total, see King township, Christian County.) Hillsboro township, including HUlsboro city and Taylor Springs village Hillsboro city Taylor Springs village n Irving township, including Irving village Irving village Nokomis township, including Nokomis city and part of W itt village Nokomis city Wardl Ward S Ward S Witt village {part of) Total for Wilt village in Nokomis and Witt townships North Litchfield township, including wards 3, 4, and 5 of Litchfield city Litchfield city {part of) Total for Litchfield city in North and South Litchfield townships Wardl Ward S Ward 3 Ward 4 Ward 5 Pitman township, Including Waggoner village. . Waggoner village , Raymond township, including Raymond vil- lage Raymond village Rountree township South Litchfield township, including wards i and 2.of Litchfield city Litchfield city {part of) Walshville township, including Walshville vil- lage Walshville village Witt township, including part of Witt village. . . Witt village {part of) Zanesville town^ip Morgan County Alexander precinct Arcadia precinct Centerville precinct " Chapin precinct, including Chapin village, Chapin village 1910 1900 1890 1,264 187 1,802 S4I 3, 152 2,091 674 620 797 35,311 1,3.38 200 1,774 217 3,354 2,114 1,287 1,564 3,031 1,880 30,836 30,003 1,343 1,389 1,319 1,696 1,452 1,280 6SS St5 847 937 982 sss 292 Sit 2,934 2,543 2,190 980 963 518 154 too 516 1,955 2,209 2,051 499 500 1,265 812 896 SSI 168 395 676 6.57 723 S98 262 246 4,608 2,948 2,691 3,424 1,9S7 S80 1,624 i,^3 1,546 678 675 630 2,918 2, 132 2,186 1,872 1,371 1,305 584 6SS 606 11 14 2,170 428 4,344 4,536 1*1,039 S,465 3,587 5,971 5,918 5,'811 1,458 1,048 1,111 1,SS7 1,117 '988 1,007 919 270 268 1,533 1,574 1,642 881 906 841 724 823 842 3,191 3,102 '*894 2,506 2,331 870 884 994 169 ISO 167 2,919 1,230 1,057 2,159 414 876 918 941 34,420 85,006 1*32,636 1,021 1,002 962 693 699 1,143 437 1,179 1,216 1,241 552 514 "> Incorporated in 1905. “ Incorporated in 1904. 12 County total Includes population (5,811) of Litchfield city,retumed independ- ently in 1890. 1* Incorporated in 1906. 11 Incorporated in 1909. 1* Exclusive of population of Litchfield city. i» County total includes population (1,411) of Yatesville precinct, taken to form Prentice and Sinclair precincts and part of Literbeiry precinct between 1890 and 1900. 1’ Organized from parts of Franklin and Waverly precincts in. 1905. 592 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [The word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Ueports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] HiNOB crm DivimoN. 1910 im 1890 Morgan County— Continued. Concord precinct 1,002 989 1,051 Franklin precinct,* Including Franklin village.. 1,690 2,027 2,260 Franklin village 696 687 678 Jacksonville precinct. Including Jacksonville city 18,014 17,628 15,899 Jacksonville city 76,558 16,078 1S,9S6 S,V02 Wards S,Ji06 Wards s' bto Ward 4 5\S9If ' bffii 647 LynnvlUe precinct. Including Lynnville village. 498 644 824 Lynninlle village H 176 Mark^ain precinct 359 417 Meredosia precinct, including Meredosia village. . 1,793 1,662 1,349 Meredosia village • 951 700 621 Murrayville precinct, including Murray ville vil- lage 1,356 1,454 1,812 Murrayville village 460 487 4SS 810 930 Plsgah precinct 611 641 541 Prentice precinct 604 696 Sinclair precinct 609 744 Waverly precinct,* Including Waverlyclty 2,315 2,731 2,819 Waverly city 7,658 7,675 7,557 Ward 1 402 Ward t eii Wards 525 Woodson precinct, including Woodson village. . 965 1,079 1,324 257 255 Moultrie County 14,630 16,224 14,481 Dora township. Including Dalton City village. . 1,294 1,345 1,310 Dalton City village 400 585 SS4 EastNelsontownshlp,lncludlngAllenville village 1,304 1,337 1,290 A llenville village ^ 245 Jonathan Creek township 990 1,151 1,118 Lovlngton to wnship, including Lovington village . 2,011 2, 134 2,245 Lovington village 1,011 816 787 Lowe township, inciuding part of Arthur vUiage. 1,606 1,534 1,470 Arthur village (part of) 661 46S 575 [For total, see Bourbon township, Douglas County.! Marrow bonetownshlp,lncluding Bethany village 1,750 1,922 1,888 Bethany village 859 875 688 Sullivan township, including Sullivan city 4,290 4,345 3,840 Sullivan city S,6S1 S,S99 1,4S8 Ward 1 809 Ward 2 IyOI9 Wards '79s Whitley township, Including Gays village 1,385 1,456 1,320 Qays village^ S22 Ogle County 27,864 29,129 28,710 Brookville township 486 600 620 Buffalo township, including Polo city 2,632 2,773 2,653 Polo city 1,8S8 1,869 7,758 Byron township, including Byron city 1,632 1,813 1,490 Byron cityt’ Ward 1 9S2 SI4 1,016 698 Ward S 297 Wards S21 Dement township, including Creston village 874 9.30 978 Creston village 555 587 S29 Eagle Point township 526 579 599 Fla^g township, including Rochelle city 3,454 2,781 2,495 Rochelle city 5,755 5,075 1,789 Ward 7 679 Wards 1,166 Wards '897 Forreston township, including Forreston village. 1,815 2, 101 2,217 Forreston village 870 1,047 1,118 Grand Detour township 357 391 400 Lafayette township 308 326 338 Leaf River township. Including Leaf River village 1,394 1,543 1,479 Leaf River village 469 607 SS9 Lincoln township 872 1,045 1, 183 Lynnville township 756 831 759 Marion township 1,209 1,250 1,332 Maryland township, including Adeline village. . 1,033 1,147 1,270 Adeline village 156 5/8 S56 Monroe township 806 977 928 Mount Morris township, including Mount Mor- ris village 1,882 1,914 1,875 Mount Morris village 1,1 SS 1,048 896 Nashua township 392 400 488 Oregon township, including Oregon city 2,712 2,3,57 1,951 Oregon city S,I80 7,677 1,666 Ward 1 740 Wards 759 Wards 681 umoB ciyn. division. 1910 1900 1890 Ogle County— Continued. Pine Creek township. . Pine Rock township... Rock vale township Scott township Taylor township White Rock township Woosung township 851 843 691 826 276 813 424 1,055 1,064 975 1,032 801 867 866 983 317 314 885 887 466 506 Peoria County Akron township, including part of Princeville village Princeville village (part of) Total for Princeville village in Akron and Princeville townships Brlmfield township, Including Brlmfield town. . Brimfield town ChllUootne township, Including Chllllcothe city and North ChUlicothe village ChiUicothe city Ward 1 Wards Wards North ChUlicothe village Elmwood township, Including Elmwood town.. Elmwood town Hallock township Hollis township Jubilee township Klckapoo township Limestone township. Including Bartonville vil- lage Bartonville village » Logan township Medina township Millbrook township Peoria City townsnip,' comprising wards 1, 3, 4, 6 to 8, and parts of wards 2 and 6 of Peoria city Total for Peoria city,^ comprising Peoria City township andpartsof Peoria and Richwoods townships Ward I .'. Wards Ward S Ward 4 Ward 5 Ward 6 Ward 7 Ward 8 Peoria township,^ Inciuding part of ward 5 of Peoria city Peoria city {part of) Prlncevilie township. Including part of Prince- viile village Princeville village (part of) Radnor township Richwoods township, IK including A very villeand Peoria Heights villages, and part of ward 2 of Peoria city Averyville village Peoria Heights village Rosefleld township Timber township, including Olasford and Kingston Mines villages Olasford village Kingston Mines village '• Trlvoll township 100,256 88,608 70,878 1,070 197 1,009 ns 1,023 98S 1,255 676 848 641 1,426 1,589 677 719 3,206 1,851 487 874 490 911 2,084 7,590 1,003 1,107 655 1,376 2,585 2,451 1,699 l,6St 417 2,330 7,685 1,150 2,451 1,648 1,084 1,388 1,265 744 785 1,611 1,638 6,147 7,558 1,374 788 843 3, 461 3,046 1,424 760 929 1,332 738 966 65,030 66,950 6,8St 7,976 7,649 6,964 9,166 9,64S 7,4SO 1S,6SS 66,100 41,OS4 I 1,723 858 1,728 786 1,095 57,678 43,254 1,717 7S6 1,247 1,663 641 1,096 6,765 S,668 68S 1,06S 1,073 6,171 7,675 S09 2,244 1,160 1,116 2,009 6S6 49s 924 1,913 409 609 1,015 1,636 sea 1,101 Perry County Beaucoup precinct Cutler precinct. Including Cutler village Cutler village Duquola precinct, including Duquoin city and St. John village Duquoin city Ward 1 Ward S Wards Ward 4 Ward 6 St. John villageo Paradise precinct Plncknoyvlllo precinct. Including Pinckney vlllo city Pinckneyville city Ward! Wards Wards Southwestern precinct, including Wllllsvlllo village milisville village 22,088 19,880 17,629 1,269 1,157 SS4 1, 176 949 1,216 1,076 8,132 6,454 1,044 941 1,S68 1,186 1,0S6 570 516 7,066 7,063 4,565 4,065 611 820 6,269 5,755 758 7,560 748 6,098 3,874 5,567 7,598 1,939 7,085 1,285 598 737 • Part taken to form part of Centerville precinct in 1905. s Returned as a town In 1900. •Incorporated In 1906. • Incoiporated In 1905. • Incorporated as a city in 1904. • Incorporated In 1903. ’ Organized In 1907. • Parts of Peoria township (Including part of North Peoria village) annexed In 1900, 1902, and 1909 and parts of Richwoods township (Including part of North Peoria village i annexed In 1900 and 1909. * Parts annexed to Peoria city In 1900, 1902, and 1909. >» Parts annexed to Peoria city In 1900 and 1909. Name changed from Kingston In 1908. *• Incorporated In 1907. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 593 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (The word "precinct, ” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1000 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOR CmL DIVISION. Perrj Coonty— Continued. Swan wick precinct Tamaroa precinct, Including Tamaroa village.. Tamaroa village Ward I Ward S Platt County. Bement township, including Bement village and part of Ivesdale village Bement village Ivetdale village ■ (vart of) (For total, see Sadorus township. Cham- paign County.] Blue Ridge township, including Mansfield village Mansfield village Cerro Gordo township, including Cerro Gordo village Cerro Oordo village Goose Creek township, including DeLand village De Land village Monticello township, including Monticellocity.. Monticello city Sangamon township Unity township. Including Hammond village and part of Atwood village Atwood village (part of) [For total, see Garrett township, Douglas County.) Hammond village Willow Branch township, including Cisco vil- lage Cisco village Pike County. Atlas township Barry township, including Barry city. Barry city.. — rd t . War, Wards Chambersburg township Cincinnati township Derry township, including El Dara village. ElDara village Detroit township. Including Detroit village Detroit village Falrmount township Flint township GriggsviUe township, including Griggsville city. Origgsville city Hadley township Hardin township, including Time village Time village Einderhook township, including Hull and Kin- derhook villages Hull village Kinderhook village Levee township Martlnsburg township Montezuma township. Including Milton village. Milton village Newburg town^p New Salem township, including Baylis and New Salem villages Baylis village New Salem village Pearl township, including Pearl village Pearl villewe Perry township. Including Perry village Perry village Pittsfield township, including Pittsfield city... Pittsfield city Pleasant Hill township, including Pleasant Hill village Pleasant Hill village Pleasant Vale township. Including New Canton town New Canton town Ross township Spring Creek township, including Nebo village Nebo village Pope County. Alexander precinct Columbus precinct EddyylUe precinct. Including Eddyvllle village. Eddyville village Golconda precinct. Including Golconda town. . . Oolconda town Ward 1 Ward S Ward S Grand Pier precinct 1910 1,392 2,414 910 m BSt 16,376 2,517 1,5S0 7 1,792 681 2,703 876 1,452 608 2,951 1,981 1,254 2,189 870 498 1,518 879 28,622 1,769 2,457 A, 647 860 797 649 345 962 196 840 187 777 420 1,941 A, 868 770 793 168 4,637 ' 641 ■ 871 256 1,063 1,252 880 1,027 1,337 886 880 1,565 848 1,306 649 3,037 ^ 8,096 1,264 676 1,283 478 528 1,344 680 11,215 861 737 964 146 2,706 1,088 861 818 414 437 1900 1,066 2,313 868 17,706 2,547 1,484 2,023 708 2,796 1,008 1,577 411 3,130 1,988 1,601 2,453 408 481 1,579 880 31,695 1,887 2,789 1,848 680 379 1,055 849 847 149 934 408 2,306 1,404 882 896 186 1,748 500 870 407 1,157 1,420 480 1,127 1,433 840 890 1,518 788 1,546 648 3,353 8,898 1,490 800 1,406 476 470 1,557 608 13,586 1,066 713 1,138 168 3,051 1,140 713 1890 984 2,026 17,062 2,487 1,189 1,925 688 2,822 989 1,610 2,832 1,643 1,606 2,232 880 1,548 31,000 1,558 2,322 1,864 720 345 1,176 841 833 181 968 345 2,284 1,400 1,007 1,051 146 1,626 496 1,186 1,360 415 1,060 1,595 868 807 1,256 988 1,680 705 3,270 8,896 1,411 810 1,446 484 415 1,590 468 14,016 1,072 805 1,132 818 3,327 1,174 645 MINOR ClVTh DIVISION. Pope County— Continued. Jackson precinct, including Hamletsburg village. Hamletsburg village , Jefferson precinct Logan precinct Monroe precinct Polk precinct Union precinct Washington precinct Webster precinct Pulaski County. America precinct Burkvllle precinct, including Mounds city Mounds city • Wardl Wards Ward 8 Grand Chain precinct, including New Grand Chain village New Orand Chain village Mound City precinct, including Mound City Mound City Ward 1 Ward 8 Ward 8 Ohio precinct, including Olmsted village Olmsted milage Pulaski precinct, including Pulaski village Pulaski village -. UUln precinct, including Ullin village UUin village > Villa Ridge precinct Wetaug precinct, including Wetaug village Wetaug village ‘ Putnam County. Granville township, including Granville, Mark, and Standard villages Oranville village Mark village * Standard village Hennepin township, including Hennepin village. Hennepin village Magnolia township, including Magnolia village.. Magnolia village Senachwine township Randolph County. Baldwin precinct, including Baldwin village... Baldwin village Blair preciilct Bremen precinct Brewerville precinct Central precinct Chester precinct, including Chester city Chester city Wardl Ward 8 Ward 8 Coulterville precinct, including CoulterviUe town Coulterville town Ellis Grove precinct,® including Ellis Grove village Ellis Orove village Evansville precinct, including Evansville town. Evansville town Kaskaskiaprecinct, including Kaskaskia village. Kaskaskia village Palestine precinct Percy precinct, including Percy village Percy village Prairie du Rocher precinct, including Prairie du Rocher village Prairie du Rocher village Redbud precinct, including Redbud city Redbud city Rockwood precinct, Including Rockwood village. Rockwood village Ruma precinct, including Ruma village Ruma village Sparta precinct, including Sparta city Sparta city Wardl Ward 8 Wards Steeleville precinct including Steeleville village Steeleville village Tllden precinct, including Tilden village Tilden village’’ Wine Hill precinct 499 3,028 1,686 660 669 467 1,859 490 3,087 8,887 889 687 1,881 1,405 888 1,680 698 1,574 670 1,554 964 818 7,561 1,332 868 456 623 1,141 807 5,-027 8,747 898 1,176 1,174 1,501 9P 1,017 868 1,465 668 738 148 540 1,558 1,083 1,329 611 2,251 1,840 788 140 837 138 4,603 3,081 1,886 677 1,179 1,111 708 1,265 774 731 569 2,028 864 1,748 461 2,834 8,706 1,335 868 1,653 484 1,611 1,987 789 4,746 1,453 881 556 648 1,167 895 4,993 8,888 1,182 650 1,020 880 1,487 668 830 177 518 1,095 660 1,288 847 2,089 1,169 962 169 956 161 4,251 8,941 1,027 668 739 845 > Returned in 1900 as in Champaign County only. r Name changed from Beechwood in 1908. Incorporated as a city In 1908. ’ Incorporated in 1900. < Incorporated In 1905. ® Incorporated in 1907. " Returned as Florence In 1900. ’ Incorporated in 1904. 1910 1900 1890 819 968 919 816 880 552 564 633 &i4 769 862 720 959 1,030 736 1,018 873 824 1,187 1,168 564 609 655 651 ' 830 895 15,660 14,554 11,355 4,193 1,391 1,086 793 1,379 880 1,270 148 1,226 JfOl 1,431 1,417 674 683 1,490 1,257 1,326 868 864 887 652 679 717 29,120 28,001 25,049 651 1,078 1,675 1,396 808 1,435 1,057 1,481 617 4,730 1,353 898 502 668 939 792 4,344 8,708 1,075 698 682 1,276 407 862 632 1,396 408 2,262 1,176 946 932 3,415 1,979 1,557 401 622 796 594 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Tho word “prednct,” where used, moans election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Keports of the Twelfth Census; 1900, Voi. I, Table 5.] MINOR civil. DIVISION. Richland Comity Bonpas township Claremont township, including Claremont town Claremont town Decker township Denver township German township Madison township, Including Parkersburg town *. Parkersburg town Noble township, including Noble village Noble village Olnw township, including OIney city Olrug eity Wardl Ward 2 Wards Ward i Preston township Rock Island County Andalusia township, including Andalusia vil- lage Andalusia village Blackhawk township, including Milan village... Milan village Bowling township Buffalo Prairie township Canoe Creek township Coal Valley township, including Coal Valley village Coal Valley village Coe township Cordova township, including Cordova village. . . Cordova village Drury township Edgington township, including part of Rey- nolds village Reynolds village (.part of) [For total, see Perryton township, Mercer County.] Hampton township, including Carbon Cliff, Hampton, Rapids City, Silvis, and Water- town villages and part of ward 3 of East Mo- line city Carbon Cliff village^ East Moline city (part of) Total for East Moline city ^ in Hampton and South Moline townships Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward 3 Hampton village Rapids City village Silvis village‘s Watertown village « Moline township, coextensive with Moline eity. . Moline city:^ Ward I Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Wards TVard? Port Byron township, including Port Byron village Port Byron village Rock Island township, coextensive with Rock Island city Rock Island city: Wardl Wards Ward 3 TVard 4 Wards Ward 8 Wardl Rural township .South Moline township,^ including wards 1 and 2 and part of ward 3 of East Moline city East Moline city (part of) South Rock Island township, including Scars village Sears village , Zuma township 1910 1900 1890 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. 1910 1900 1890 15,970 16,391 16,019 St. Clair County 119,870 86,685 66,671 1,178 1,374 1,331 Belleville township, coextensive with Belleville city 21,122 17,484 15,361 1,313 1,450 1,552 Belleville city; ’ 18G 228 212 Ward 1 4,491 1,106 1,318 1,094 Ward 2 1,977 '856 911 843 Ward 3 s', 828 964 1,028 981 Ward 4 3,284 Ward 6 2,969 1,532 1,083 1,444 Ward 8 2,044 ' 2S8 211 198 Ward 7 2,529 1,080 1,817 1,616 Canteen township* '777 '618 '697 424 Caseyville township, including Caseyville vil- 6,125 6,438 4,951 lage 2,316 2,010 2,160 6,011 4,260 3,831 Caseyville village 613 449 476 1,631 Centerville township » 1,940 4,795 3,761 1,022 East St. Louis township, coextensive with East 1,626 St. Louis city T. 68,547 29,655 16,169 '833 East St. Louis city: lo 1, 136 1,366 1,307 Ward 1 4,482 Ward 2 7,661 Wards 6,406 Ward 4 7', 379 Wards 6,520 70,404 66,249 41,917 Wards 9,672 Ward?. 8 Sin Wards 9,118 617 050 637 Englemann township '642 717 768 299 328 281 Fayetteville township, including Fayetteville 1,342 1,337 1,197 and St. Lihory villages 1,443 1,457 1,544 727 719 692 Fayetteville village 228 282 312 747 763 738 St. Libory village. S2S 220 994 1,020 991 Freeburg tov^hip, including Freeburg village. 2,367 2, 193 1,757 442 455 389 Freiburg village 1,397 1,214 848 Lebanon towmship, including Lebanon city and 630 726 700 Summerfield village 3,137 3,169 3,172 190 269 207 Lebanon city 1,907 1,812 1,636 825 950 908 Ward 1 652 699 802 828 Ward 2 668 324 414 443 587 1,048 1,125 1,130 Summerfield village 337 360 667 Lenzburg township, including Lenzhurg village. 1,006 997 914 1,134 1,160 1,220 Lenzburg village 463 343 268 So7 329 Marissa township, including Marissa and Old Marissa villages 3,140 2,051 1,765 Marissa village 2,004 1,086 878 Old Marissa. village 314 216 Mascoutah township,’ including Mascoutaheity. 3,174 3,239 3,m Mascoutah city 2,081 2,171 2,032 5, 915 »2.962 12,164 Ward 1 792 '366 Ward 2 641 661 Ward 5 648 Millstadt township, including Millstadt village.. 2,640 2,900 2,952 2, 665 Millstadt village 1,140 1,172 1,186 '781 New Athens township, including New Athens 723 village / 1,762 1,616 1,400 1,161 New Athens village 1,131 '856 '624 348 374 341 O’ Fallon township, including O’Fallon village... 3,306 2,550 2,113 143 212 288 O’ Fallon village 2,018 1,267 866 1,163 Prairie du Long to^vnship 939 1,036 1,106 '625 St. Clair tovmship,” Including Swansea village. 3, 937 3,899 2 ; 741 24, 199 17,248 12,000 $89 '735 Sliiloh Valley torvnship, including Shiloh Val- 2,878 ley village 1,476 1,414 1,286 2,487 Shiloh Valley village ^ 395 2. 194 Smithton township, includmg Smithton village. 1,539 1,791 1,753 2,635 Smithlon village. 380 405 411 4,621 Stites township," comprising Brooklyn and 4,900 National City* villages’ T ’ 1,822 1,145 793 4,684 Brooklyn village 1,689 1,019 National City village^ 263 683 6 783 6 855 stookey township “ . 1,137 1,322 1,423 642 732 776 Sugar Loaf township, including Dupo and East Carondolot villages 1,702 1,185 1,378 24,335 19,493 13,634 455 Eak Caroiidclet village 212 222 404 2,906 3,462 4,420 Saline County 30,204 21,686 19,342 2,837 Brushy township 1,139 1,467 1,693 3,413 Carrier Mills township, hicluding Carrier Mills 5, '153 village * 3,024 2,025 1,879 615 814 806 1,568 4£7 Cottage township 902 989 1,029 2,977 2,470 1,959 East Eldorado township, including Eldorado 2,004 citv 6,487 3,163 2,347 3,366 t',445 2,575 1,854 1,232 1,379 ' 2S6 186 Ward 2 1,093 627 647 029 Ward 3 894 ' Exclusive of population of that part of Rapids City village returned as In Port Byron township in 1900. 2 Incorporated in 1900. 2 Incorporated in 1907. * Incorporated in 1905. 2 Parts of South Moline township annexed to Moline city in 1905, 1908, and 1910. ® Includes txipulatlon of part of Rapids City village. ’ Parts of Centerville, St. Clair, and Stookey townships annexed in 1906. 8 Organized from part of Centorvlllo township In 1910. » Name changed from Centerville Station in 1910. Part taken to form Canteen townshij) in 1910, parts annexed to East St. Louis city in 1902, 1908, and 1909, and part annexed to Belleville city in 1906. "> Parts of Centerville township (including Wlnstanloy Park and Edgomont villages) annexed in 1902, 1908, and 1909. “ Part annexed to Belleville city In 1900. 595 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (Tbe word "precinct,” where used, moans election precinct. For changes in boundaries, otc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Hoports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Tnble 6.] MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Saline County — Continued. Galatia township. Including Galatia village Oalatia village Harrisburg townsldp. Including Dorrisvllle, Gaskins City, and Ledford villages and Harrisburg city Vorrisviile village > Gaskim City village > Harrisburg city Ward I Wards Wards Ward 4 Wards Ledford villages Independence township Long Branch township Mountain township Raleigh township, including Raleigh village Raleigh village Rector township Stonefort township. Including part of Bolton village Bolton village (part of) Total for Bolton village in Stonefort township. Saline County, and Stonefort township, Wil- liamson County Tate township Sangamon County Auburn township, including Auburn city and Thayer village Auburn city* Ward I Wards Ward S Thayer village <> Ball township Buffaio Hart township Capital township, coextensive with Springfield city Sprir^^ield city : « Ward S Ward S Ward! WardA Wards Ward 7 Cartwright township, including Pleasant Plains village Pleasant Plains village Chatham township, including Chatham village. Chatham village Clear Lake township, including Riverton and Spaulding villages Riverton village Spaulding village > Cooper township Cotton Hill township Curran township Divernontownsnip, including Divemon village. Bivernon village'' Fancy Creek township, including Contrail vil- lage Cantrall village Gardner township lUiopolis township, including lUiopolis village... llliopoUs village Island Grove township. Including Berlin village. Berlin village Lanesville township Loami township, including Loami village Loami village Maxwell township Mechanicsburg township, induing Buffalo, Dawson, and Mechanicsburg villages Buffalo village Dawson village Mechanicsburg village New Berlin township, including New Berlin village New Berlin village Pawnee township, including Pawnee village Pawnee village Rochester township, including Rochester village. Rochester village Salisbury township Springfield toivnship » Talkington township 1910 1900 1890 1,443 1,394 1,311 74S 64S 619 10,749 4,082 3,150 1,184 '686 6,309 s,sos 1,7SS 940 t,4S6 1,386 '856 70S 699 1,504 1,714 1,506 652 885 928 1,192 1,431 1,227 1,787 1,778 1,694 SS8 SSS 684 941 890 768 860 818 SS4 SS9 188 486 479 464 873 956 970 91,024 71,593 61,195 3,851 2,363 2,204 1,814 1,S81 874 800 6SS 1,012 898 1,013 1,082 464 579 602 51,678 34,159 24,963 s, soo 6,024 8,618 9,777 6,682 10',S64 3,086 1,831 1,775 1,911 6S6 675 618 1, 437 1,337 1,392 666 6S9 48S 3,473 3,071 2,488 1,911 1,611 1,1S7 308 808 920 947 840 983 1,140 1,001 1,023 994 2,013 986 1,619 1,498 1,407 1,282 318 396 1,103 1,185 1,249 1,635 1,615 1,507 849 744 689 928 974 968 S51 S66 S80 756 760 809 992 1,095 1,542 630 481 383 435 479 2,390 2,393 2,073 475 631 620 674 417 476 428 1,241 1,177 1,081 690 633 494 1,947 1,191 1,404 1,399 695 1,384 1,278 1,332 444 365 476 589 506 2,881 3,769 4,702 821 896 923 MINOR CTVIL DIVISION. Sangamon County — Continued. Williams township, including Barclay and Wil- llainsville villages Barclay village “ Williamsville village Woodside township ■» Schuyler County Balnbrldge township Birmingham township Brooklyn township Browning township. Including Browning town . . Browning town Buena Vista township, including parts of wards 1 and 3 of Rushville city Rushville city {part of) Total for Rushville city in Buena Vista and Rushville townships Ward I Wards Ward S Camden township Frederick township Hickory township Huntsville townsnip Littleton township Oakland township Rushville township, including ward 2 and parts of wards 1 and 3 of Rushville city Rushville city (part of) Woodstock tovraship Scott County Alsey precinct Bloomfield precinct Bluffs precinct, including Bluffs village Bluffs village Exeter precinct, including Exeter village Exeter village Glasgow precinct. Including Glasgow village Glasgow village Manchester precinct, including Manchester village Manchester village Merritt precinct Naples precinct, including Naples town Naples town North Winchester precinct, including parts of wards 1 and 2 of Winchester city Winchester city (part of) Total for Winchester city in North and South Winchester precincts Tf'ard 1 Ward S Ward S OxvlUe precinct Point Pleasant precinct Sandy precinct South Winchester precinct, including ward 3 and parts of wards 1 and 2 of W inchester city. . . Winchester city (part of) Shelby County Ash Grove township Big Spring township Cold Spring township Dry Point township, including Cowden village.. Cowden village Flat Branch township Herrick toivnship, inciuding Herrick village Herrick village Holland township, including Fancher village... Fancher village Moweaqua township, Including Moweaqua viil^e Moweaqua village Oconee township, including Oconee village Oconee village Okaw township, including part of Findlay village Findlay village (part of) Total for Findlay village in Okaw and Todd Point townships Penn township Pickaway township 1910 1900 1890 2,011 2,011 1,678 S6S 600 673 444 2,232 2,565 2,356 11,852 16,129 i> 16,013 918 1,210 1,252 818 894 951 1,022 1,173 1,138 1,535 1,480 1,432 661 465 1,434 1,651 ‘*1,138 566 629 2,433 2,292 2,031 789 813 8S0 1,104 1,278 1,247 622 628 421 462 586 541 906 976 984 1,045 1,092 1,137 1,011 1,192 1,301 2,978 2,893 ‘*1,265 1,867 1,663 997 1,076 1,175 10,067 10,455 ‘* 10,304 521 646 419 459 1,191 949 766 639 421 682 771 SOI 233 344 806 889 215 236 187 990 1,004 480 430 408 486 551 630 598 467 398 462 1,531 1,549 927 933 1,639 1,711 1,642 606 664 479 528 540 460 485 400 429 1,423 1,585 712 778 31,693 32,126 “ 31,191 1,166 1,348 1,437 898 961 1,015 978 1,133 2,021 2,396 2,520 2,409 711 751 702 851 991 1,147 1,018 887 618 421 1,885 1,883 1,724 215 167 1,801 1,802 1,252 1,613 1,478 848 1,553 1,691 1,660 293 318 332 1,617 1,408 1,129 670 378 827 479 534 541 615 777 890 824 ■ Incorporated in 1906. » Incorporated in 1906. * Incorporated in 1907. * Incorporated as a city in 1905. * Incorporated in 1901. « Parts ol Woodside township annexed in 1904, 1908. and 1909 and parts of Spring- field township (including Ridgely and East Springfield villages) annexed in 1907 and 1909. ’ Incorporated in 1900. * Parts annexed to Springfield city in 1907 and 1909. * Incorporated in 1904. Parts armexed to Springfield city in 1904, 1908, and 1909. >1 County total Includes population (2,031) of Rushville city, returned independ- ently in 1890. >2 Exclusive of population of Rushville city. * 3 Not returned by precincts in 1890. County total includes population (3,162) of Shelbyville city, returned inde- pendently in 1890. 596 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. (The word "precinct,” whore used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes: for those between 1890 and 1900 i Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 5.] UINOB CIVIL DmaiON. Shelby County— Continued. Prairie townsliip, including Stewardson town Stewardaon town Rlchliuid township, including Strasburg village. Straaburg village Ridge township Rose township, including parts of wards 2 and 3 of Shelby ville city Shelbyville city (part of) Total for Shelbyville city in Koae and Shelby- ville townshipa Ward I Ward i Wards Wardi Rural township Shelbyville township, Including wards 1 and 4 and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Shelbyville city. . Shelbyville city (part of) Sigel township, including Sigel village Sigel village Todd Point township, including part of Find- lay village Findlay village (part of) Tower Hill township, including Tower Hill village Tower Hill village Windsor township, including Windsor city Windaor city Stark County. Elmira townsliip Essex township, including ward 3 of Wyoming city.. Wyi Vyoming city (part of) Total for Wyoming city in Easez and Toulon townahips Ward 1 Wards Wards Goshen township, including Lafayette village and part of ward 3 of Toulon town Lafayette village Toulon town (part of) Total for Toulon town in Goshen and Toulon townahips Wardi Wards Wards Osceola township, including Bradford village. . Bradford village Penn township Toulon township, including wards 1 and 2 and part of ward 3 of Toulon town and wards 1 and 2 of W yoming city Toulon town (part of) Wyoming city (part of) Valley township West Jersey township Stephenson County. Buckeye township, including part of Cedarville village C^arvitle village (part of) Total for Cedarville village in Buckeye. Har- lem, and Lancaster townshipa Dakota township, including Dakota village Dakota village Erin township Florence township Freeport township, 3 coextensive with Freeport city Freeport city’’ Ward I Wards Wards Harlem township,* Including part of Cedar- vllle village Cedarville village (part of) Jefferson township Kent township Lancaster township,* including part of Cedar- ville village Cedarville village (part of) Loran township, including Pearl City village Pearl City village Oneco township, including Orangeville village. . Orangeville village Ridott township. Including Baalton and Ridott villages Baalton village'' (German 'Valley P.O.) Ridott village 1910 2.094 7S0 1,377 6S6 1.095 1,3.35 S64 S,S90 670 1,217 84S 900 844 4,220 s.sse 892 SOS 698 267 1,832 1,040 1,832 987 10,098 841 1, 131 49S 1,606 6I4 499 49S 1,145 £87 1S9 1,208 set 426 422 1,577 770 931 2,834 1,069 1 , 01 s 821 818 36,821 1,279 238 SI I 662 227 507 944 17,567 17,687 4,966 6,tOS 6,499 954 41 430 920 1,334 54 1,298 486 1,303 S70 1,632 m 17S 1900 2,096 677 1,350 S92 1,084 1,415 SSO 3,646 867 4,304 S,216 980 293 629 101 1,538 615 1,808 866 10,186 893 1,188 468 1,277 1,212 2SS 124 1,057 1,663 77S 998 2,553 933 809 788 891 34,933 1,403 278 S77 780 269 571 950 13,572 13,268 1,782 48 522 1,051 1,151 61 1,311 437 1,387 S4S 1,812 212 1890 2,267 617 1,241 268 1,088 > 1,199 3,162 934 > 1,058 934 268 600 1,549 54 s 1,920 888 9,982 884 1,210 416 1,116 1,017 260 945 1,484 6O4 1,022 2,579 945 701 810 976 * 31,338 1,490 S26 839 283 625 1,044 (‘) 10,189 1,208 635 1,058 1,070 1,226 1,453 S 47 1,870 1 Exclusive of population of Shelbyville city. 2 County total includes population (10,189) of Freeport city, returned as in Lan- caster and Silver Creek townships In 1890. • Part annexed to Freeport city In 1908. ' Not returned separately In 1890. ‘Parts of Harlem (including West Freeport village) and Silver Creek town- ships annexed In 1907 and that part of Freeport township outside of Freeport city and part of Lancaster town^lp annexed in 1908. MINOR aVlL DIVISION. Stephenson County— Continued. Rock Grove township Rock Run township, including Davis and Rock City villages Davis village Rock City village Silver Creek township ‘ Waddams township W est Point township, including Lena town Lena town Winslow township, including Winslow village. . Winslow village Tazewell County. Boynton township Cincinnati township Deer Creek township, including Deer Creek vil- lage Deer Creek village Delavan township, including Delavan city Delavan city Wardi Ward 2 Ward S Dillon township Elm Grove township, including part of Tre- mont village Tremont village (part of) Total for Tremont village in Elm Grove and Tremont townshipa Fondulac township, Including East Peoria vil- lage East Peoria village Groveland township Hittle township, including Armington village. . Armington village^ Hopedale township, including Hopedale village Hopedale village Little Mackinaw township. Including Mlnler village Minier village Mackinaw township. Including Mackinaw town Mackinaw town Malone township Morton township. Including Morton village Morton village Pekin township. Including Pekin city Pekin city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Wards Ward 6 Ward 7 Sand Prairie township Spring Lake township Tremont township. Including part of Tremont village Tremont village (part of) Washington township. Including Washington city Washington city Union County. Alto Pass precinct, Including Alto Pass village. . A llo Pass village Anna precinct. Including Anna city Anna city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Cobden precinct. Including Cobden village Cobden village Dongola precinct, including Dongola village Dongola village Jonesboro precinct. Including Jonesboro city — Jonesboro city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards I.Ick Creek precinct Mill Creek precinct. Including Mill Creek village. Mill Creek village Mlsenhelmer precinct Preston precinct Reynoldsvllle precinct Rich precinct Stokes precinct Union precinct Western Saratoga precinct 1910 821 1,523 S62 122 1,494 1,197 2,042 1,168 1,014 426 34,027 669 619 940 SS2 2,037 1,176 40 s S12 460 790 1,137 86 782 1,983 1,49S 1,682 998 S27 1,396 686 1,429 690 1,482 726 605 1,848 1,004 10,058 9,897 1,297 1,640 1,8SS 872 1,058 1,221 2,026 1,125 796 1,503 697 2,9.30 1,630 21,856 1,522 661 5,979 2,809 774 710 610 816 3,200 988 2,545 702 2,561 1,169 428 S84 S67 797 ' 627 221 403 341 601 591 876 911 902 1900 886 1,726 S98 174 1,370 1,347 2,272 1,262 1,041 405 33,221 701 752 941 298 2,312 1,804 988 1,153 61 768 1,460 899 1,656 990 1,492 600 1,570 746 1,485 869 704 1,759 894 8,645 8,4k) 1,157 937 1,591 707 2,928 1,469 > 22,610 1,870 618 3,611 2,618 3,610 I.OS4 2,516 681 2,199 1,1S0 1,118 677 273 440 .366 5.39 662 1,005 640 1,149 1890 973 1,884 465 148 1,217 1,344 2,389 1,270 924 SS2 29,556 802 758 893 126 2,140 1,176 957 1,178 47 508 864 S92 1,457 942 1,409 471 1,551 664 1,474 64 s 731 1,661 667 6,537 6,347 1,036 928 1,280 461 2,9.58 1,S0I • 21.549 2, 186 S89 1,597 2,295 4,106 994 2,550 7SS 2,091 995 570 585 315 451 822 922 1,168 « Part annexed to Freeport city in 1907. ' Incorporated In 1907. ® Incorporated In 1904. . „ • County totals Include population (2.208 In 1900: 3,191 In 1890) of Hess precinct (now a part of Anna precinct), returned separately In 1900. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 597 Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. ITlie word "precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes In boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.J UINOB CIVTL DIVISION. Vermilion County. Blount township Butler township, including Rankin village. Rankin village Indianola village Catlin township. Including CatUn village Catlin village Danville township, i Including Brookvllle, HU- lerv, Tilton, and parts of Belgium and West- vllle villages and wards 1 to 6 and part of ward 7 of Danville city Belgium village (part of) Total for Belgium village > in Danville and Oeorgelown townships Danville city (part of) Danville city < in Danville and Total for Newell townships Ward 1 Ward S Ward S Wardi Ward 6 Ward 6 Ward 7 Eillery village 6 Tilton village Westville village (part of) Total for Westville village in Danville and Georgetown townships Elwood township,® Including Ridge Farm village Ridge Farm village Georgetown township. Including Georgetown city and parts of Belgium and Westville villages Belgium village part of) Georgetown city t Westville village (part of) Grant township, mcludlng Hoopeston city Hoopeston city Wardl Ward a TTarii S Ward 4 Jamaica township Love township « Mlddlefork towndilp, including Marysville village Marysville village Newell township,® Inclu ding part of ward 7 of Danville city Danville city (part of) Oakwood township, including Fithlan, Muncie, and Oakwood villages Fithian village Muncie village Oakwood vilUige > Pilot township Ross township. Including Alvin, Henning, and Rossvllle villages Alvin village Henning Allage w Rossville village Sidell township. Including Sidell village and part of Allerton village Allerton villageti (part of) (For total, see Ayers township. Champaign County.] Sidell village Vance township, including Falimount village. . Fairmount village Wabash County. Bellmont precinct,'* Including Bellmont village. Bellmont village Coffee precinct,’* including Keensburg village Keensburg villagei^ Compton precinct **. Frlendsville Be precinct, Lancaster precinct Lick Prairie precinct Mount Carmel precinct, including Mount Car- mel city Mount Carmel city Ward 1 Ward a Ward S Ward 4 Wards W abash precinct 1,357 650 776 405 689 1,017 820 631 8,061 6,934 l,4t5 1,695 1,547 1,199 1,068 1,562 1,424 624 1,535 1,161 956 529 6,536 4,311 1,442 1,493 487 1,540 1,104 933 684 4,700 3,376 1,512 1910 1900 1890 77,996 66,636 49,906 1,576 2, 454 858 1,361 365 2,262 952 1,848 2,435 754 1,455 381 2,614 697 1,836 2,084 314 1,714 472 2,069 275 35,638 161 26,457 17,768 433 S98 27,176 16,354 11,491 27,871 2,964 3,634 3,699 6,322 3,914 S,99S 16,364 11,491 4,448 S61 710 30 474 161 474 2,607 1,832 967 1,605 2,646 933 2,748 757 8,817 m 5,804 2,636 2,307 2,577 6,434 4,698 1,228 988 1,464 6,653 3,823 662 3,719 1,911 1,108 988 1,S74 695 764 668 2,150 742 2,260 764 2,291 186 2,462 695 2, 141 1,995 2,772 386 3,318 309 2,873 251 324 423 1,199 1,549 1,685 3,786 319 3,879 368 3,129 364 1,422 1,436 . 879 1,881 364 741 1,884 1,583 776 2,110 847 2,028 928 1,875 61,9 14,913 12,683 11,866 ’ Parts aimexed to Danville city in 1906, 1907, and 1909 and part annexed to Brookville village in 1908. * Incorporated in 1908. * Part of Danville township (Grape Creek village) annexed in 1908. * Parts of Danville township (including Germantown and South Danville vil- lages) annexed in 1906, 1907, and 1909 and part of Newell township annexed in 1907. ® Incorporated in 1907. * Love township organized from part cf Elwood township in 1902. * Incorporated as a city in 1909. * Part aimexed to Danville city In 1907. > Incorporated in 1903. 75100°— 13- -39 MINOB CTVIL DIVISION. Warren County Berwick township Coidbrook township Ellison township Floyd township Oreenbush township Hale township Kelly township Lenox township Monmouth township, including Monmouth city. Monmouth city Wardl Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Ward 5 Point Pleasant township Roseville township, including Roseville village. Roseville village Spring Grove township, including part of Alexis village Alexis village (part of) [For total, see North Henderson township, Mercer County.! Sumner township, including Little York village. Little York village Swan township Tompkins township,includingKlrkwood village. Kirkwood village Washington County Ashley township, including Ashley city Ashley city Beaucoup township Bolo township Covington township, including part of New Min- den village New Minden village (part of) Total for New Minden village in Covington and Hoyleton townships Dubois township, including Dubois village Dubois village Hoyleton township, including Hoyleton village and part of New Minden village Hoyleton village New Minden village (part of) Irvington township, including Irvington village. Irvington village Johannisburg township Lively Grove township Nashville towmship, including Nashville city . . . Nashville city Oakdale township Okawville township. Including Okawville vil- lage and part of Addieviile village A ddieville village (part of) Total for Addieviile village^* in Okawville and Plum Hill townships Okawville village Pilot Knob township Plum Hill township, including part of Addie- viile village Addieviile village '* (part of) Richview township, including RIchvlew village. Richview village Venedy township, Including Venedy village Venedy village Wayne County Arrington township,'® including Sims village. . . Sims village ” Barnhill township Bedford township,’® including Olsne village Cisne village Berry township ’» Big Mound township, including parts of wards 2 and 3 of Fairfield city Fairfield city (part of) Total for Fairfield city in Big Mound and Grover townships Ward 1 Wards Wards Elm River township Four Mile township Garden Hill township 1910 1900 1890 23,813 23,163 21,281 739 826 798 847 928 936 894 999 996 827 844 841 675 802 819 669 776 805 734 809 882 773 885 837 10,298 8, 682 7,081 9, 128 7,460 5,936 1,956 i,SS0 1,906 1,862 S, 074 '680 718 812 1,4.35 1,664 1,475 882 1,014 788 1,272 1,540 1,425 657 669 562 997 1,029 891 358 334 836 1,003 1,016 1,637 1,658 1,667 926 1,008 949 13,769 19,626 19,262 1,488 1,662 1,668 913 953 1,035 867 977 934 1,069 1,103 1,107 799 930 930 91 97 71 245 226 217 1,460 1,401 1,271 351 335 304 1,641 1,694 1,775 451 352 361 154 129 148 1,317 1,366 1,263 223 240 901 943 990 945 876 807 2,770 2,874 2,788 2, 135 2,184 2,084 904 887 954 1,811 1,900 1,811 173 190 117 269 190 117 679 544 472 781 836 776 882 905 902 96 617 705 750 366 4U 465 607 667 637 160 177 193 26,697 27,626 u 23,806 881 2,026 1,808 S99 1,105 1,209 1,181 1,215 1,973 1,688 373 400 1,217 1,534 1,679 1,284 236 285 169 2,479 2,338 1,881 779 882 818 1,118 1,208 1,114 1,635 1,659 1,435 672 639 ■® Incorporated In 1904. ” Incorporated in 1902. •• Compton precinct returned with Bellmont and Coffee precincts in 1900. I* Incoqiorated in 1906. ” Returned in 1900 as in Okawville township only. 1® County total includes population (1,602) of Brush Creek township, taken to form Garden Hill and Orchard townships between 1890 and 1900. ’® Berry township organized from part of Arrington township in 1905. ” Incorporated in 1909. ’® Part taken to form part of Keith township in 1900. 598 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. [Ttie word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Reports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOn civil. DIVISION. WaTne County— Continued. Grover township, imduding ward 1 and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Fairfield city Fairfield City {part of) Hickory Hill township Indian Prairie townstiip,* including Johnson- viile village Johnsonville village Jasper township Keith township 2 Lamard township, including Jeffersonville vil- lage Jeffersonville village Leech township, including Golden Gate village. Golden Gate village Massilon township Mount Erie township, including Mount Erie viilage Mount Erie village Orchard township Orel township, including Wayne City village. . . Wayne City village Zif township White County Burnt Prairie township Canni township, including Canni city Carmi city Ward 1 Ward S Ward S Emma township, including Maunie village Maunie village^ Enfield township, inciuding Enfield town Enfield town Gray township, including wards 2 and 3 of Grayville city Grayvillecity (part of) [For total, see French Creek precinct, Ed- wards County.] Hawthorne township Heralds Prairie township Indian Creek township, including Norris City village Norris City village Mill Shoals township, including Mill Shoals and Springerton villages M ill Shoals village * Springerton village Phillips township, including Crossville and Phillipstown villages Crossville village Phillipstown village Whiteside County Albany township, including Albany village Albany village Clyde township Coloma township, including Rock Falls city. . . Eock Falls city Ward I Ward 2 Wards Erie township. Including Erie village Erie village Fenton township Fulton township, including Fulton city Fulton city Ward 1 Ward 2 Wards Garden Plain township Genesee township Hahnaman township Hopkins township Hume township Jordan township Lyndon township, including Lyndon village.. . Lyndon village Montmorency township Mount Pleasant township, including wards 1 and 2 and part of ward 3 of Morrison city Morrison city (part of) Total for Morrison city‘> in Mount Pleasant and Union Grove townships Ward 1 Wards Ward S ; Newton township 1910 1900 18!I0 2,885 2,802 2, 454 2,24S 2,0BS 1,712 1,322 1,590 1,306 1,363 2,057 1,812 22B 288 1,071 1,199 1,088 913 1,286 1,469 1,327 237 286 SBS 2,011 2,031 1,560 Sit S4B 729 812 697 1,376 1,615 1,413 299 SOS 286 1,441 1,700 1,607 1,604 1,586 620 B22 316 448 451 23,052 26,386 25,005 1,792 2,157 2,051 4,073 4,337 4,361 S,8SS 2,9S9 2,785 SS4 964 1,63S 2,114 2,159 1,861 612 1,895 2,164 2, 108 927 971 870 1,752 2,040 2,211 I,12S 1,16B 1,S8B 1,389 1,686 1,902 1,809 2,041 2,342 2,983 3,159 2,806 1,0BB 868 22 s 2,895 3,107 2,642 700 669 221 418 U4 2,350 2,536 2,721 B74 BBS lOB 100 34,607 34,710 30,864 840 833 792 618 629 611 831 945 882 3, 2.50 2,643 2,104 2,657 2, 176 1,900 929 7S6 993 1,081 1,078 809 804 768 B3B 725 686 735 2,527 3,012 2,390 2, 174 2,68B 2,099 649 785 740 1,077 1,134 1,098 1,045 1,202 1,272 653 750 615 1,058 1,148 1,115 527 572 534 910 1,0.50 1,078 947 1,064 963 S90 430 461 617 687 586 3,302 3,347 3,080 2,371 2,S08 2,088 2,410 2,S08 2,088 664 653 1,093 745 791 794 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Whiteside County— Continued. Portland toWnsliip Prophetstown township, including Prophets- town village Prophetstown village Sterling township, including Sterling city Sterling city Ward I Wards Ward S Ward /, Ward B Tampico township, including Tampico village. . Tampico village Union Grove township, including part of ward 3 of Morrison city Morrison city<‘ (part of) Ustick township Will County Channahon township, including Channahon village Channahon village Crete township, including Crete village and part of Steger village Crete village Steger village (part of) [For total, see Bloom township. Cook County.] Custer township Dupage township, including part of Romeoville village Romeoville village (part of) Total for Romeoville village in Dupage and Lock port townships Florence township, including Symerton village. Symerton village^ Frankfort township, including Frankfort and Mokena villages Frankfort village Mokena village Green Garden township Homer township Jackson township. Including Elwood village Elwood village Joliet township, including Joliet city and Rock- dale village Joliet city Ward 1 Ward 2 Ward S Ward 4 Ward B Wards Ward 7 Rockdale village ’’ Lockport township, including Lockport city and part of Romeoville village Lockport city ^ Wardi Wards Ward S Romeoville village (part of) Manhattan township, including Manhattan vil- lage Manhattan village Monee township, including Monee village Monee village New Lenox township Feotone township, including Peotone village Peotone village Plainfield township, including Plainfield village. Plainfield village Reed township, including Braidwood city, To- rino village, and part of Godley village Braidwood city Ward I Ward 2 Wards Ward 4 Godley village (part of) [ For total, see Braceville township, Grundy County.] Torino village ’ Troy township Washington township, including Beecher vil- lage Beecher village Wesley township Wheatland township Will township 1910 .. 1900 1890 690 850 782 1,951 2,022 1 , 14 s 1,568 1,08S 694 8,344 7,505 6,655 7,467 1,4S0 1,808 1,623 6,309 B,824 1,238 1,368 1,443 849 1,458 989 807 429 994 996 981 39 860 931 1,032 84,371 74,764 62,007 936 959 1,095 208 261 3,278 840 2,239 760 SBB 1,688 642 1,242 533 610 545 1,013 1,194 1,254 76 79 98 113 724 759 774 157 1,609 1,562 1,648 273 2B0 431 SB9 281 364 758 889 1,003 9(k) 1,051 1,067 1,036 1,155 1,180 24S_ 211 244 50,640 34,670 10,001 S,0B9 5,755 3,694 3,192 3,879 5,575 1,101 40,537 29, SBS 27,438 23,264 5,095 4,973 4,088 2 , 44 s 2,BBB 2,6B9 972 B34 1,049 34 22 1,118 1,131 1,061 44 s 393 267 1,121 1,216 1,309 411 1,183 462 1,204 1,942 1,810 1,569 1,207 . 1,003 717 1,885 1,793 1,779 1,019 920 8B2 2,841 3,811 5,208 1,9B8 624 BOS 3,279 4Ml 360 481 167 263 296 BI 4 843 907 895 1,082 B4S 1,586 410 1,574 342 628 628 646 927 904 926 792 860 816 ' Part taken to form part of Keith township in 1906. * Incorporated in 1904. 2 Organized from parts of Bedford and Indian Prairie townships in 1906. ’ Incorporated in 1902. 2 Incorporated in 1901. * Incorporated as a city in 1904. * Returned as a town In 1900. • Incorporated in 1905. 5 Returned in 1900 as in Mount Pleasant township only. 599 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 1.— POPULATION OF MINOR OIVIL DIVISIONS: 1910, 1900, AND 1890-Con tinued. IThe word “precinct,” where used, means election precinct. For changes in boundaries, etc., between 1900 and 1910, see footnotes; for those between 1890 and 1900, see Iteports of the Twelfth Census: 1900, Vol. I, Table 6.] MINOR CIVIL DIVLSION. will County— Continued. Wilmington township, including Wilmington city. Wilmington city Ward 1 Wards Wards Wilton township Williamson County Blairsville township, including Bush, Hurst, and Reeves villages, and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Herrin city Bush milage 2 Berrin city (part of) Total for Herrin city in Blairsville and Herrin townships Wardl Wards Wards Wardi Hurst village^ Reeves village > CarterviUe township, including Carterville city and Crain ville village Carterville city .' Wardl Wards Crainville viUage Corinth township Crab Orchard township Creal Springs township, including Creal Springs city Creal Springs city East Marlon township, including Spillertown village, part of Pittsburg village, and wards 3 and 4 of Marlon city Marion city (part of) Total for Marion city in East and West Marion townships Ward 1 Ward S Ward S Ward i Pittsburg village (part of) Total for Pittsburg village < in East Marion and Lake Creek townships Spillertown village Grassy township Herrin township, including parts of FordvUle and White Ash villages, wards 1 and 4 and parts of wards 2 and 3 of Herrin city and part of Johnston city Fordville village (part of) Total for Fordville village •’ in Herrin and West Marion townships Herrin city (part of) Johnston city (part of) Total for -Johnston city in Herrin and Lake Creek townships White Ash village (part of) Total for While Ash village^ in Herrin and Lake Creek townships Lake Creek township, including parts of John- ston city and of Pittsburg and White Ash villages Johnston city (part of) Pittsburg village (part of) White Ash village (part of) Southern township Stonefort township, including part of Bolton village Bolton village (part of) [For total see Stonefort township, Saline County .] West Marion township, including part of Ford- ville village and wards 1 and 2 of Marion city. Fordville village (part of) Marion city (part of) 1910 2,036 1,460 411 668 48S 791 46,098 5,718 666 87 6,861 1,760 1,986 1,968 1,14s 846 668 4,841 9,971 1,878 1,698 44s 1,210 1,409 2,022 936 4,631 8,066 7,093 1,908 s,m i,m 1,836 83 m 949 1,163 10,873 970 0 886 6,774 1,685 8,948 15 863 3,599 1,683 194 838 1,516 1,561 981 6,495 115 4,098 1900 2,065 1,490 921 1 27,796 1,659 1,749 990 940 9,610 1890 2,293 1,676 987 1 22,226 969 639 1,338 348 787 940 976 MINOR CIVIL DIVISION. Winnebago County Burritt township Cherry Valley township, including Cherry Val- ley village Cherry Valley village Durand township, including Durand viUage Durand village Guilford township Harlem township Harrison township Laona township New Milford township Owen township Pecatonica township, including Pecatonica vil- lage Pecatonica village Rockford township,® including Rockford city... Rockford city^ Ward 1 Ward 9 Ward 3 Ward 4 - Ward 5 Rockton township, including Rockton village. . Rockton village Roscoe township Seward township Shirland township Winnebago town^p, including Winnebago vil- lage Winnebago village ; Woodford County Cazenovia township, including Washburn vil- lage Washburn viUage : Clayton township, including Benson village... Benson village Cruger township El Paso township, including El Paso city and Krapa village El Paso city Ward 1 Ward 9 Ward 8 KaTrpa viUage Green township Kansas township Linn township Metamora township, including Metamora village. Metamora viUage Minonk tovraship, mcluding Minonk city Minonk city Ward 1 Ward 9 Ward 3 Montgomery township Olio township, including Eureka city Eureka aty Ward 1 Ward 9 Ward 8 Palestine township, including Secor village Secor village Panola township, including Panola village Panola viUage Partridge township Roanoke township, mcluding Roanoke village. . Roanoke village Spring Bay township, including Spring Bay village Spring Bay viUage Worth township 1910 1900 1890 63,163 47,846 39,938 581 658 733 1,069 1,014 1,106 433 349 1,114 1,250 1,223 697 671 489 1,298 1,042 969 709 695 783 466 550 577 500 577 6t)4 909 761 865 560 667 702 1,590 1,677 1,796 1,099 1,045 1,059 48,405 33,818 25,202 45,401 31,051 23,584 8,348 8', 361 9,600 7,946 2,253 1,561 1,492 841 936 899 1,100 811 894 948 1,022 960 439 520 491 1,212 1,216 1,422 415 4O6 464 20,606 21,822 21,429 1,662 1,557 1,436 777 703 598 1,228 1,194 1,266 369 867 838 370 439 481 2,082 2,149 2,058 1,470 1,441 1,363 649 453 468 149 176 751 823 828 348 424 458 763 871 903 1,532 1,653 1,710 694 758 768 2,867 3,595 3,398 9,070 9,546 9,316 808 676 691 951 993 911 2,200 2,251 2,091 1,696 1,661 1,481 606 489 630 1,055 1,164 1,270 358 373 379 889 1,023 971 108 148 139 377 470 505 2,2.37 1,930 1,878 1,311 966 831 320 342 339 119 198 147 808 944 926 < Township organization adopted in 1908. No comparison of population can be made. 2 Incorporated in 1905. 2 Incorporated In 1904. « Incorporated in 1909. ‘ Incorporated in 1907. ® Parts of Rockford township annexed to Rockford city in 1903 and 1905, 600 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890. CITY, TOWN, OB VILLAGE. Abingdon city Addieviiio vifiage. Addison viilago. . . Adeiino viliago Akin viilago Albany village Albion city Alodo city Alexis village Algonquin village. Alhambra village. Allenville village. . Allerton village. . . Alma village Alpha village Altamont town . . Alto Pass viliago. Alton city Altona village Alvin village Amboy city Andalusia village. Andover village. . . Anna city Annawan village. . Antioch village Apple River village . Areola city Arenzvillo village. . . Argenta town Arlington village Arlington Heights village. Annington village Arrowsmith village Arthur village Ashkum village. Ashland village.. Ashley city Ashmore village. Ashton village.., Assumption city. Astoria town.... Athens city Atkinson village. Atlanta city County. Knox Washington. Oupago Ogle Franklin Whiteside. Edwards. . Mercer 1 Mercer \ Warren McHenry . . Madison Moultrie ICham^ „ \ Vermilion Marion Henry. Effingham. U nion Madison Knox Vermilion.. Lee Rock Island. Henry Union Henry Lake Jo Daviess. . , Douglas Cass Macon Bureau.. Cook Tazewell. McLean. . /Douglas. . \Moultrie. Iroquois Cass Washington. Coles Lee Christism. Fulton... Menard. . Henry Logan..., /Douglas..., \riatt Sangamon. Hancock . . , Atwood village Auburn city Augusta village Aurora city Kane.. Avacity Jackson Peoria.. Clinton. Fulton., Averyville village Aviston village Avon village Baalton village (German Valley P, O,) Baldwin village Barclay village... Bardolph village. Barrington village. Barry city Bartelso village Bartlett village Bartonville village. Basco village Batavia city Batchtown village.. Bath village Baylis village Beardstown city Beaverville village. . Beckemeyer village . Beecher village Beecher City village. Belgium village Belknap village Belle Prairie village. Belle Rive town Belleville city Bellflower village. Bellmont village. . Bcllwood village. . Belvidero city Bement village Benbow City village. Benld village Bensonville viilago. . . Benson village Stephenson . Randolph.. Sangamon . . . McDonough. /Cook (Lake Pike Clinton Cook Peoria . . . Hancock. Kane Calhoun.. Mason Pike Cass Iroquois. Clinton.. Will Effingham. Vennilion.. Johnson Hamilton. . Jefferson. .. St. Clair., McLean.. W'abash.. Cook Boone.... Piatt Madison... Macoupin. Dupage. ,. Woodford. 1910 1900 1890 2,464 2,022 1,321 269 190 117 579 591 485 155 216 256 200 618 629 611 1,281 1, 162 937 2, 144 2,081 1,601 829 915 562 642 550 433 368 245 379 380 418 358 355 1,328 1,335 1,044 551 518 389 17,528 14, 210 10,294 528 633 654 319 368 1,749 1,826 2,2.57 299 326 281 222 238 259 2,809 2,618 2,295 398 428 387 682 522 303 581 576 572 2, 100 1,995 1,733 518 462 356 519 525 .370 400 436 1,943 1,380 1,424 327 366 317 1,080 858 536 416 429 300 1,096 1,201 1,045 913 953 1,035 511 476 446 779 756 680 1,918 1,702 1,076 1,357 1,684 1,357 1,340 1,535 944 805 762 534 1,367 1,270 1,178 659 698 530 1,814 1,281 874 1,146 1, 149 1,077 29,807 24, 147 19,688 780 984 807 2,688 1,573 397 387 381 865 809 692 144 358 381 298 252 285 387 447 1,444 1,162 848 1,647 1,643 1,354 344 274 408 360 263 1,536 '255 318 327 4,436 3,871 3,543 300 360 475 330 384 385 340 368 6,107 4,827 4,220 401 395 764 543 410 342 355 340 433 404 .372 358 87 129 312 370 21,122 17,484 15,301 394 356 550 624 487 943 7,253 0,9.37 3,867 1,630 1,484 1,129 209 1,912 '443 374 295 362 367 338 CITY, TOWN, OE VILLAGE. Bentley city Benton city Berlin village . . . Berwyn city Bethalto village. Bethany village Blggsville village. . . Bingham village. . . Birds village Bishop Hill village. BlandlnsvlUe village. Bloomlngdale village. Bloomln^on city Blue Island village. County. Hancock . . . Franklin. . , Sangamon. Cook Madison Moultrie Henderson. Fayette Lawrence . . Henry McDonough. Dupage McLean Cook. Blue Mound town Macon. Bluffs village Bolton village Bone Gap village. Bonfield village. . Bourbonnals village. Bowen village Bracevllle village Bradford village Bradley village Braid wood city.. Breese village Bridgeport city . . Brighton village. , Brimfield town... Bristol village Broadlands village. Broadwell village. . Brocton village Brookfield village. . Browns village Brownstown village. , Brussels village Bryant village Buckingham village., Buckley village.. Buda village Buffalo village... Bimker Hill city. Bureau village... Burksville village. . Burlington village. Burnham village. . Bush village BushneU city Butler village. . Byron city Cabery village.. Cable village... Cairo city Camargo village Cambridge village Camp Point village Campbell Hill village. Campus village Canton city Cantrall village Capron village Carbon Cliff village. Carbon Hill village. , Carbondale city Cardiff village Carlin ville city Carlyle city Carmi city Carpentcrsvlllo village. Carrier Mills village Carrollton city. Cartervllle city. Carthage town . Cary village — Casey city Caseyville village Catlln village Cave in Rock village. Scott /Saline IWllliamson. Edwards Kankakee... Kankakee. Hancock.. Grundy Stark Kankakee. Will Clinton... Lawrence . /Jersey (Macoupin. Peoria Brooklyn village Brookport city Brook ville village (Grape Creek P.O.) Broughton village Browning town Kendall Champaign. Logan Edgar Cook St. Clair.. Massac. . . Vermilion. Hamilton. Schuyler.. Edwards.. Fayette Calhoun Fulton Kankakee. Iroquois Bureau Sangamon. Macoupin . . Bureau Monroe Kane Cook Williamson.. McDonough. Montgomery. Ogle /Ford ( Kankakee Mercer -Alexander Douglas Henry Adams Jackson Livingston. Fulton Sangamon... Boone Rock Island. Grundy Jactaon Idvingston. Macoupin.. Clinton. White.. Kane... Saline... Greene Williamson. Hancock McHenry... Clark 81. Clair... Vermilion. Hardin 1910 1900 1890 89 138 144 2,675 1,341 939 251 256 260 5,841 447 477 879 859 873 688 400 417 487 191 273 178 382 335 289 345 330 987 995 877 462 235 463 25,768 23,286 20,484 8,043 6,114 3,329 900 714 696 760 539 421 485 479 464 517 496 162 165 150 611 595 606 528 376 971 1,669 2,150 770 773 604 1,942 1,518 1,958 3,279 4,641 2, 128 1,571 808 2,703 487 474 595 660 742 570 677 719 394 427 480 246 202 558 613 292 2,186 1,111 1,569 1,019 1,443 865 216 398 422 470 327 551 455 419 421 , 415 283 270 228 237 355 309 272 495 490 433 887 873 990 475 531 1,046 1,279 1,269 534 545 363 187 282 328 565 2,619 2,490 2,314 233 292 311 932 1,015 698 321 385 342 360 697 1,276 14,548 12,606 10,324 323 1,272 1,345 940 1,148 1,200 1,150 414 497 280 241 226 10,4.53 6, 664 5,604 318 390 502 602 436 3GG 820 1,262 5.411 3,318 2,382 1,031 3 ; 610 3,502 3,293 1,982 1,874 1,784 2,8.33 2,9.39 2,785 1,128 1,002 754 1,558 427 2,323 2,355 2,258 2,971 1,749 969 2, .373 2,104 1,654 079 398 2, 157 1,.500 844 013 449 475 9.52 697 276 300 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. 601 CITY, TOWN, OR VnXAOE. Cedar Point village. Cedarvllle vlUage... Central City Central City vlUage, Centralla city County. La Salle Stephenson Grundy Marlon Clinton.... Marlon Cerro Gordo vlUage. , Chadwick village Champaign city CbandlervUle village Channahon vUlage.. Piatt CarroU Champaign, Cass WUl Chapin viUan... Charleston city... Chatham village. Chatsworth town Chebanse town... Morgan.... Coles Sangamon. Livingston. (Iroquois.... ^Kankakee. Chenoa city Cherry vUlage Cherry VaUey vlUage. ChestCT city Chesterfield vlUage... McLean Bureau W tunebago. Randolph. . . Macoupin... Chicago city Chicago Heights city ChlUlcothe city Chrisman city Christopher vlUage. . Cook Cook Peoria.... Edgar.... Franklin. Cicero town Cisco vlUage Clsne vlUage Clssna Park vlUage. Claremont town Cook Platt Wayne... Iroquois.. Richland. Clarke City vlUage, Clay City vlUage.. Clayton vUlage Clifton vUlage Clinton city Kankakee. Clay Adams Iroquois... Dewitt Coal City Coal Valley vUlage Coatsburg village.. Cobden village Cofieen vUlage Gnuu^ Rock I^and. Adams Union Montgomery Colchester city. Colto vUlage.. CoUinsvUle city. Colona VlUage. . Columbia town , McDonough, McLean Madison Henry Monroe Columbus vUlage. ^mpton vUlage. CooksvUle vlUage, Cordova vlUage. . Cornell vlUage. . . Adams Lee McLean Rock Island. Livingston. . Cortland vUlage. . CoultervUle town . Cowden vUlage... Cralnville vUlage. Creal Springs city Dekalb Randolph.. Shelby Williamson W illiams on Crescent City vUlage, Creston vlUage Crete vUlage CrossvUle VlUage Crotty vUlage Iroquois. Ogle WUl White... La SaUe. . Crystal Lake vUlage Cuba city CuUom vlUage Cutler vUlage Cypress vUlage McHenry. . Fulton Livingston. Perry Johnson... Dahlgren vlUage. . . Dakota village DaUasCity Dalton City village, Dalzell vUlage HamUton.. Stephenson (Hancock... (Henderson. Moultrie... Bureau Dana vUlage Danforth vUlage. Danvers vUlage. DanvUle city Davis vUlage La Salle Iroquois McLean VermUlon.. Stephenson, Dawson village De Land vUlage... De Soto vUlage Decatur city Deer Creek vUlage. Sangamon. Platt Jackson... Macon TazeweU. . Deerfield vUlage.... Dekalb city Delavan city Depue vUlage Des Plaines vUlage. Lake Dekalb.. Tazewell, Bureau.. Cook.... 1910 1900 1890 545 311 377 326 287 290 673 1,179 615 304 1 9,680 6,721 4,763 876 1,008 939 527 506 12,421 9,098 884 940 910 208 261 662 614 6,884 6,488 4,136 666 629 482 1,112 1,038 827 1 i590 655 616 1,314 1,612 1,226 1,048 433 349 2,747 2,832 2,708 364 377 374 2,185,283 1,698,676 1,099,850 14,626 5,100 1,851 1,699 1,632 1,193 906 820 1,825 14,667 16,310 10,204 379 360 373 400 662 623 186 226 212 230 621 837 907 940 996 1,033 634 652 474 6,166 4,462 2,598 2,667 2,607 1,672 190 269 207 262 321 308 988 1,034 * 994 980 963 518 1,445 1,635 1,643 965 1,163 7,478 4,021 3,498 217 2,076 1,197 1,267 134 196 201 387 428 234 332 324 414 443 636 521 437 207 261 313 949 660 598 711 761 702 446 290 936 940 639 341 371 323 381 329 840 760 642 674 523 1,005 1,036 1,190 1,242 950 781 2,019 1,198 1,114 579 456 200 324 311 654 452 301 227 269 283 } 1,288 970 747 400 383 334 949 254 310 221 410 407 693 607 506 27,871 16,354 11,491 352 398 455 620 574 503 411 644 560 376 31,140 20,754 16,841 332 298 126 476 8,102 5,904 2,579 1,175 1,304 1,176 1,339 488 456 2,348 1,666 986 CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAOE. County. Detroit village .. Dewitt vUlage... Diamond village. Dieterlch village. Dlvemon vUlage. Pike Dewitt Grundy... Effingham Sangamon. Dixon city Dolton village Dougola vUlage. . . Donnellson vUlage Donovan village... Lee Cook Union (Bond (Montgomery Iroquois Dorchester vUlage Dorrlsvllle vUlage Dover vUlage Downers Grove village, Dubois vUlage Macoupin... Saline Bureau Dupage Washington. Dupo vUlage... Duquolncity.. Durand vUlage. Dwight village. EarlvUlecity.. St. Clair.... Perry Winnebago Livingston. La Salle East Alton vUlage East Brooklyn village. East Carondelet village East Dnbuque city East Dundee village. . . Madison. . Grundy... St. Clair... Jo Daviess Kane East Galesburg village East Moline city East Peoria vUl^e East St. Louis city East Wenona village.. Knox Rock Island. Tazewell St. Clair.. .. La Salle East Wood River village. Easton village Eddyville village Edgewood town Edinburg vUlage Madison. . Mason Pwe Effingham Christian.. Edison Park village. Edwardsville city . . , Effingham city Eileen village El Dara village Cook Madison. . Effingham Grundy . . Pike El Paso city.. Elbum vUlage Eldorado city. Eldred vUlage. Elgin city Woodford Kane Saline Greene Cook Kane Elizabeth town Elizabethtown village. Elkhart vUlage Elkville vUlage Elliott village Jo Daviess Hardin Logan Jackson... Ford Ellis Grove village, Ellisville village... Elmhurst city Elmwood town . . . Elsah village Randolph Fulton Dupage. . Peoria Jersey Elvaston village. , Elwood village. . . Emden village. . . Emington vUlage Enfield town Hancock.. Will Logan Livingston Ti^'te } Equality village, Erie village Essex village — Eureka city Ev.anston city. . Gallatin... Whiteside. Kankakee. Woodford. Cook Evansville town Evergreen Park village. Ewing village Exeter vlUage Fairbuiycity Randolph. Cook Franklin. . Scott Livingston Fairfield city Fairmount village. Fairview village. . Fancher village. . . Farina town Wayne.... Vermilion. Fulton Shelby Fayette.. , Farmer City FarmersvUle viUage. Farmington city FayettevUle village. Ferris viUage Dewitt Montgomery. Fulton St. Clair Hancock Fidelity town. . , Fieldon town. . . FUbnore viUage, Findlay viUage. Fisher vUlage. . , Jersey Jersey Montgomery Shdby Champaign.. 1910 1900 1890 127 149 161 220 253 265 266 672 493 382 1,619 7,216 7,917 6, 161 1,869 1,229 1,110 702 681 733 405 268 346 102 104 1,184 181 247 220 2,601 2,103 960 351 335 304 433 6,454 4,353 4,052 627 671 489 2,166 2,015 1,354 1,069 1,122 1,058 584 454 446 212 222 404 1,253 1,146 1,069 1,405 1,417 1,150 753 663 2,665 i;493 899 392 58,647 29,655 15,169 367 400 407 335 145 162 212 419 412 256 918 1,071 806 543 344 5,014 4,167 3,561 3,898 3,774 3,260 677 195 249 241 1,470 1,441 1,353 613 606 584 3,366 1,445 241 25,976 22,433 17,823 703 659 495 633 668 652 418 553 414 732 465 145 371 252 280 218 219 255 2,360 1,728 1,050 1,390 1,582 1,548 267 220 271 250 308 '307 211 244 243 411 330 190 206 129 927 971 870 1,180 898 622 804 768 535 342 385 266 1,525 1,661 1,481 24,978 19,259 562 663 407 424 445 317 419 290 201 233 244 2,505 2,187 2,324 2,479 2,338 1,881 847 928 649 482 501 492 215 157 774 693 618 1,603 1,664 1,367 533 315 2,421 1,729 1,375 228 282 312 299 269 305 211 222 227 259 292 499 500 827 479 850 614 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. 60 t> CITY, TOWN, OB VaLAQK. Fithian villago... Flanagan village. Flat Kock villago Flora city Fordvillo villago. Vermilion... Livingston.. Crawford . . . Clay Williamson. Fordyco villa|!e Forest City village. Forest Park village Forrest town Foneston village . . Jack.son Mason Cook Livingston Ogle Fosterburg town Fox Lake village Frankfort village Franklin village Franklin Grove villago Madison Lake WUl Morgan. Lee Franklin Park villago Freeburg village Freeport city Fulton city Galatia villago Cook St. Clair... Stephenson Whiteside. . Saline Galena city.... Galesburg city . Galva city Gardner village Garrett village. Jo Daviess Knox Henry.... Grundy. . . Douglas. . . Gaskins City village. Gays village Geneseo city Geneva city Genoa village Saline. . . Moultrie Henry. . Kane Dekalb.. Georgetown city . . . . Germantown village. Gibson city Gilberts village Gillespie city Vermilion Clinton Ford Kane Macoupin, Gilman city Girard city Gladstone village. Glasford village.. Glasgow village.. Iroquois... Macoupin . Henderson. Peoria Scott Glen Carbon village Glen Ellyn village.. Glen View village.. Glencoe village Glenwood village... Madison, Dupage. Cook Cook Cook Godfrey village Qodley village Qolconda town Golden village Golden Gate village Madison /Gnmdy \ \Will 1/ Pope Adams tVayne Good Hope village. . GorevlUe village Grafton city Grand Ridge village. Grand Tower city. . . McDonough, Johnson Jersey LaSalle Jackson Granite city Grant Park village, Granville village.., Grayslake village.., Qrayvilleclty Madison. . Kankakee, Putnam... Lake (Edwards. . (White Greenfield city Greenup village.. Greenview village Greenville city Grldley town Greene Cumberland Menard Bond McLean Griggsville city Gross Point village. Hainesville village . Hamburg village. . . Hamilton city Pike.... Cook Lake Callioun . Hancock Hamletsburg village Hammond village... Hampshire village. . Hampton village Hanover village Pope Piatt Kane Rock Island, Jo Daviess. . Hardin village. . . Harmon village. . Harrisburg city. . Hartsburg village Harvard city Harvel village. Harvey city... Havana city.., Hebron village Hecker village. Calhoun Lee Saline Logan McHenry. . . Christian Montgomery Cook Mason McHenry Monroe 1910 386 690 8t0 2,704 385 392 306 6,594 967 870 90 400 273 696 572 683 1,.397 17,567 2,174 745 4,835 22,089 2,498 946 290 685 322 3,199 2,451 1,257 2,307 711 2,086 268 2,241 1,305 1,891 385 625 215 1,220 1,763 652 1,899 581 68 194 1,088 579 311 361 554 1,116 403 873 9,903 692 1,391 603 1,940 1,161 1,224 921 3,178 750 1,262 1,008 66 335 1,627 215 492 697 348 650 654 162 5,309 : i 50 3,008 396 7,227 3,525 644 187 1900 309 509 315 2,311 309 4,085 952 1,047 130 250 687 081 483 1,214 13,258 2,085 042 5,005 18,607 2,682 1,036 3,356 2,446 1,140 988 655 2,054 222 873 1,441 1,661 433 409 235 1,348 793 1,020 29 329 1,140 516 345 430 406 988 392 881 3,122 442 320 416 1,948 1,085 1,085 1,019 2 , .504 716 1,404 669 308 1,.344 280 481 760 374 785 494 2,202 269 2,002 357 5,395 3,268 611 200 1890 384 151 1,095 1,021 1,118 110 431 578 736 848 10, 189 2,099 519 5,635 15,204 2,409 1,094 3,182 1,692 634 662 537 1,803 948 1,112 1,524 268 187 473 '509 228 296 1,174 466 368 927 328 624 340 148 1,999 1,131 858 1,106 1,808 474 1,400 1,301 096 341 743 311 1,723 209 1,907 246 ' 2,525 CITY, TOWN, OB VILLAOK. Henderson town . , Hennepin village. Henning village.. Henry city Herrick village. . . Herrin city Herscher village... Hettick village Hey worth village. Hidalgo village Highland city Highland Park city. Highwood city Hillery village Hillsboro city Hillside village Hill view village... Hinckley village. . Hindsboro village. Hinsdale village... Hodgkins village Holloway viUe village . Homer village Homewood village . . . . Hoopestown city Hopedale village. Hoyleton village. Hudson town Huey village Hull village Humboldt village. Hume village Hunt City ^lage. Huntley village... Hurst village Hutsonvllle village. HUopolls village Ina town Indlanola village Industry village Ipava village Iroquois village. . Irving village Irvington village. Irwin village Itasca village luka village Ivesdale village Jacksonville city Jeffersonville village. Jerseyvllle city Jewett village Johnson ville village. Johnston city Joliet city Jonesboro city Joppa village Joy village Junction village Kampsville village. Kane village Kangley village. .. Kankakee city Kansas villago Kappa village Kaskaskia villago. Keensburg village. . . Keithsburg city Kempton villam) Kenilworth village . Kenney village Kewanee city Keyesport village. . . Kilbourne villago. . . Kinderhook village. Kingston villago Kingston Mines village. Kinmundy city Kinsman villago Kirkland villago Kirkwood villago Knoxville city La Grange village La Grange Park villago. La Ilarpe city I.a Mollio village County. Knox Putnam... Vermilion. Marshall.. Shelby Williamson. Kankakee. . . Macoupin... McLean Jasper Madison . . . . . Lake Lake Vermilion..., Montgomery. Cook Greene. . Dekalb.. Douglas. Dupage. Cook Bureau Champaign. Cook Vermilion... Tasewell Washington. McLean Clinton Pike Coles Edgar Jasper McHenry... Williamson. Crawford Sangamon... Jefferson. ... Vermilion... McDonough. Fulton Iroquois. .. . Montgomery, Washington. Kankakee .. l^upage Marlon |Champalgn. Morgan Wayne Jersey Cumberland. Wayne Williamson., Will Union Massac. . . Mercer... Gallatin.. Calhoun., Greene.., La Salle Kankakee. Edgar Woodford. Randolph. Wabash... Mercer Ford Cook Dewitt Henry.. /Bond. . . \Cllnton . Mason.. Pike.... Dekalb. Peoria.., Marlon. . Grundy. Dekalb.. Warren. Knox Cook Cook Hancock. Bureau.. 1010 1900 1890 171 170 163 451 523 674 364 1,687 1,637 1,512 618 421 6,861 1,559 461 384 224 306 259 681 083 666 190 2,675 1,970 1,867 4,209 2,806 2,163 1,219 1,575 451 351 3,424 1,937 328 309 601 687 496 498 343 288 2,451 2,578 1,684 480 195 198 207 1,086 1,080 917 713 352 4,698 3,823 1,911 586 600 471 451 352 361 375 378 273 205 267 541 600 356 319 279 572 598 433 235 773 606 550 345 722 743 582 849 744 689 484 317 365 381 472 580 463 432 652 749 667 286 427 363 678 675 630 223 240 74 333 256 364 421 362 436 476 323 15,326 15,078 12,935 2,37 286 256 4,113 3,517 3,207 366 322 335 225 268 3,248 787 34,670 29,353 23,264 1,169 1,130 734 516 300 506 330 172 521 588 651 380 1,004 934 13,986 13,595 9,025 945 1,049 1,037 142 175 142 177 405 1,515 1,566 1,484 269 409 201 881 336 570 584 497 9,307 8,382 4,660 670 500 424 371 370 294 306 29 S 492 609 997 1,221 1,045 219 174 129 685 036 410 926 1,008 949 1,818 1,867 1,728 6,282 3,969 2,314 1,131 730 1,340 1,691 1,113 556 676 510 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. 603 aiY.TOWN, OB VILLAGE. County. 1910 1000 1890 CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE. County. 1910 1900 1890 187 182 194 Maryville village Madison 729 155 146 Mascoutah city St. Clair 2,081 2, 171 2,032 11,637 10,446 9,855 Mason City ..1 l’842 L890 1^809 1,496 liOOl 1,649 Mason town '345 '369 '425 1,910 1,324 Matteson village 461 449 323 287 283 250 Mattoon city Coles 11,450 9,622 6,833 726 490 Maunie village White '512 Lake 3,349 2,215 1,203 Maywood viHage Cook 8,033 4,532 Lake 342 Mazon village Grundy ’ 471 '447 Lake 304 215 Mechanicsbmg village 417 476 426 Carroll 1,175 1,306 1,295 Media village Henderson 226 1,060 '830 Medora village 444 449 470 '438 429 265 Melrose Park village 4,806 2,592 3,235 1,300 865 Melvin village Ford 509 '550 491 145 135 Mendon village 640 627 (>40 469 507 339 Mendota city La Salle 3,806 3, 736 3,542 Lebanon city. . T St.Ciair 1,907 1,812 1,636 Meredosia village Morgan 951 700 '621 '599 Metamora village 694 758 758 IDekalb 1 303 287 264 Metcalf village.” Edgar 449 429 244 \Lee Metropolis city Massac 4,655 4,069 3,573 545 634 554 Middleton village Logan 751 2,284 2,449 Milan village. . 727 719 692 i;i68 1,252 1,270 Milford village 1,316 1,077 957 '463 343 '266 Mill Creek village ' 221 '273 203 277 700 669 221 391 396 MilledgeviUe village Carroll 630 633 446 Leroy city McLean 1,702 1,629 1,258 Millersburg vlllage(Plerron P.O.) . /Bond 2' 31 2 2i.*>04 2,166 1 417 3U5 Lexington city McLean 1,318 1,415 1,187 /Kendall 1 223 286 301 Liberty ville village 1,724 864 550 '797 280 251 Millstadt village St. Clair 1,140 1,172 1,186 Milton village Pike 330 420 ' 415 10, 892 8, 962 6, 725 ' 197 '279 Mineral village 349 339 188 Litchfield city 5, 971 5,918 5,811 Minier village Tazewell 690 746 664 '358 '334 Minonk city 2,070 2,545 2,316 1,092 361 424 '360 Modesto village 298 299 530 481 383 Lockx)ort city Will 2, 555 2,659 2,449 Mokena village Will 359 281 364 Loda* village' '603 668 '598 Moline city . 24,199 17, 248 12,000 Lombard 'Ullage 883 590 516 Momence city 2^201 2^026 1,635 (Fulton j- 555 528 661 Monee village Will '411 '462 '445 Monmouth city 9, 128 7,460 5, 936 Long Point village 239 284 Montgomery village 371 350 263 Longview village^. 257 Montieello city. . .T 1,981 1,982 1,643 Loraine villager 417 349 327 Montrose village 347 300 Lostant villare 458 480 378 Morgan Park village 3,694 2, 329 1,027 Louisville village Clay 670 646 637 Morris city 4,563 4,273 3^653 Lovington village Moultrie 1,011 815 767 Morrison city 2,410 2, 308 2, 088 Ludlow village Champaign . . '305 306 298 Morrisonville village L126 '934 '844 Lyndon village Whit^ide 390 430 461 Morton village . . . 1^004 894 657 L^n ville village Morgan 94 176 Morton Grove village 836 564 Lyons village . Cook 1,483 951 732 Mound City T 2, 837 2,705 McHenry village McHenrv 1,031 1,013 979 Mound Station town 194 178 219 McLean village McLeanI 707 632 600 Mounds city 1,686 854 Me Leansboro city Hamilton 1,796 1,758 1,355 463 235 222 (Franklin Mount Carmel city. Wabash 6,934 4,311 3,376 \Hamllton Mount Carroll city 1,759 1,%5 1,836 Mackinaw town 725 859 545 Mount Erie village Wayne 299 308 266 Macomb city McDonough 5, 774 5, 375 4, 052 276 190 Macon village '683 '705 '819 1 132 1 048 895 Madison village Madison 5, 046 1,979 Mount Olive village 3,501 2,935 1,986 Maeystown village Monroe '284 Mount Pulaski city 1,511 i;643 i;357 Magnolia villager 368 264 287 Mount Sterling city. 1,986 1,960 1,655 Mahomet village Champaign 565 515 473 s’ 007 . 5 ' 216 3,233 Makanda village Jackson. T 400 528 344 330 370 Malden village Bureau 255 309 319 Shelby 1 513 1,478 848 Malta town Dekalb 450 507 461 716 632 Manchester village 480 , 430 408 Manhattan village Will 443 393 257 Muncie village Vermilion 251 324 Manito village Mason 696 561 444 Manlius village Bureau 218 Mansfield village Platt 681 708 533 ’’457 398 452 Manteno village 1,229 932 627 391 382 Nashville city Washington 2,135 2, 184 2,084 National City village St. Clair 253 Nauvoo city Hancock 1,020 i,32i 1,208 329 Nebo village Pike 520 508 453 666 637 1 riSR Neoga village Cumberland 1,074 1,126 829 Marion city 7 093 Neponset village Bureau 542 516 542 9 004 i;086 '876 Newark village Kendall 406 410 390 Mark villageT l! 025 New Athens village St. Clair 1,131 856 624 Maroa city”. 1 160 1,213 1,164 New Baden village Clinton 1,372 510 Marquette village 494 New Berlin village Sangamon 690 533 494 Marseillescity La Salle 3,291 2,559 2,210 71S 70S 44.5 Marshall City Clark 2,509 2'077 l’900 369 4r)S .^96 Martinsville City Clark L500 1,000 779 Pike 473 476 424 Martinton village Iroquois 312 '319 125 4QQ 469 555 Marysville village Vermilion 742 764 186 New Grand Chain village Pulaski 490 45i V 604 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE. County. 1910 1900 1S90 Gallatin 514 429 336 387 358 243 249 245 226 217 Pike...r 200 290 307 Douglas 1,264 1,166 990 2 , 108 1, 630 1,428 Macon ' 685 '654 '639 569 514 568 529 401 424 618 597 424 1,872 1,371 1,305 '251 '312 '309 4,024 3, 795 3,459 560 Norris City villaRB \V hite 1,055 868 223 *352 3,306 1,150 North Chillicbtho village 911 '417 North Crystal Lake village McHenry 689 604 438 976 1,150 1,094 287 19,444 '317 338 1, 159 1,198 995 423 Oblong villager Crawford 1,482 743 390 Oconee villa^ Shelby 293 316 332 Odell village Livingston 1,035 1,000 800 L400 1480 817 St. Clair 2 , 018 1,267 865 428 ' 419 334 O&io village Bureau 527 461 364 Okawville village Washington 579 544 472 314 216 Old KIpley village Bond 146 Pulaski 288 268 203 Richland 5,011 4.260 3,831 Omaha village Gallatin 586 569 428 1,273 1,270 994 '689 '785 699 907 1,010 Orangeville village Stephenson 370 '343 347 Oregon city Ogle 2,180 1,577 1,566 Orion village Henry 655 '584 624 369 366 Oswego village. . .T Kendall 600 618 641 9,535 10,588 9, 985 Otterville town Jersey 179 208 173 Cliris'tian 365 255 Palatine village Cook 1,144 1,020 891 Palestine village 1,399 '979 732 Christian '404 299 432 Palmyra village Macoupin 873 813 505 Pana city Christian 6, 055 5,630 5,077 Panama village ( Bond \Montgomery 1 708 Panola village Woodford 108 148 132 183 188 141 Fid gar 7,664 6,105 4,996 Park Ridge city CocTk 2,009 L340 987 Parkersburg town Richland 238 211 196 Marion 676 640 502 Lee 709 765 Pawnee village Sangamon 1,399 595 Ford 2^912 3,036 2,187 Adams 467 465 Pike 842 722 928 Stephenson 485 437 Pecatonica village Winnebago 1,022 1,045 1,059 Pekin city T Tazewell 9^897 8,420 6^347 Peoria city Peoria 66,950 56,100 41 ; 024 Peoria '582 309 Will 1,207 1,003 717 Percy village Randolph 1,033 060 Pike '(i49 642 705 LaSalle 7,984 6,8G3 5,550 376 2,587 2,807 2,342 White 105 100 Champaign 502 502 491 679 Perry 2,722 2,367 1,298 Pingree Grove village Kane 135 aiT, TOWN, OB VILLAGE. County. 1910 1900 1890 Piper City village 663 577 460 Pittsburg' village Williamson 227 Pittsfield city Pike 2,095 2,293 2,295 Plainfield village WUl li019 '920 '852 Plainville village Adams '251 296 Plano city Kendall 1,627 1,634 Pleasant Hill village Pike '676 '390 310 Pleasant Plains village 625 675 518 Plymouth village...” Hancock 829 854 710 Pocahontas vill^e Bond 749 482 372 Polo city Ogle 1,828 1,869 1,728 Pbntiac'city 6^090 41266 2^784 Pontoosuc village '285 299 249 Poplar Grove village 297 323 232 Port Byron village. Rock Island 642 732 775 Portland city La Salle 3,194 Posen village Cook '343 Prairie City village McDonough 719 818 812 Prairie du Roeher village Raadolphu 611 347 408 Princeton cltv T. 4, 131 4,023 3, 396 Prlncevllle village Peoria 982 848 641 Prophetstown village Whiteside 1,083 1,143 694 Pulaski village...... '692 '424 Quincy city.”. 36, 687 36,252 31,494 Raleigh village Saline '238 '333 Ramsey village Favette 769 747 598 Rankin village Vermilion 858 754 314 Ransom village La Salle 370 339 338 Rantoul village Champaign.. 1,384 1,207 1,074 Rapids City village Rock Isl^d. . . . 143 '212 '288 Raymond village Montgomery 881 906 841 Redbud city . . .”. Randolph..’ 1,240 1,169 1, 176 /Kankafee } 288 261 \Livlngston Redmon town 240 282 99 Reeves village 658 Renault village Monroe 241 217 ) Mercer } 367 329 \Rock Island Richmond village McHenrv 654 676 416 Rlchvlew village 366 444 465 Ridee Farm village 967 933 767 RIdewav vlllaee 1,054 839 623 Ridott villager 173 212 Ripley town Brown 234 298 304 2,456 1,539 River Grove village 418 '333 287 Rlverdale village Cook 917' 558 Riverside village Cook 1,702 1,551 Riverton village Sangamon L911 1,511 1,127 312 '406 Roanoke vlUag^. 1,311 966 831 Roberts village Ford 466 446 325 Robinson city 3,863 1,683 1,387 Rochelle city 2, 732 2i073 1,789 Rochester village '444 '365 Rock City village 122 174 148 Rock Falls city 2,657 2,176 1,900 Rock Island city 24^335 19, 493 13,634 Rockbridge village '276 '588 336 Will 1,101 358 ' Rockford city Winnebago. . . 45, 401 31,051 23,584 Rockton village Winnebago '841 '936 892 Rockwood village Randolph 140 169 Rome village 233 229 186 Will 98 113 Roodhouso city Greene 2, 171 2,351 2,360 '229 Roseville village W arren 882 1,014 788 Rosiclare village Hardin 609 278 274 Rossvillo village Vermilion 1,422 1,435 879 182 Royalton village 367 138 151 2, 422 2, 292 2,031 Russellville village Lawrence '257 253 284 Rutland village La Salle 754 893 509 Sadorus village Champaign 336 340 277 Clay.!.. ' 388 479 St. Anne village Kankakee 1,066 1,000 718 187 229 255 St. Charles city Kane 4,046 2,676 1,690 '915 ’481 St. Elmo city Fayette 1,227 1,050 364 St. Francisville city Lawrence 1,391 691 432 St. Jacob village. Madison 534 461 475 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES: 1910, 1900, AND ISOO-Continued. 605 aTY, TO^ OB TILLAGE. County. St. John village Perry St. Libory village St. Clair St. Peter village Fayette Marion Madison San Jose village ^ Logon Marion Dekalb Jackson Livingston Carroll Macoupin McLean Jo Daviess Schram City village Montgomery McDonough Macoupin Sears village Rock Island Seaton village Mercer Bureau Woodford Sesser village Franklin Dekalb Shannon village Carroll Gallatin Bureau Shelby Iroquois LaSalle Cook Mercer St. Clair Shipman village Macoupin Shohonier village Fayette Effingham Ford Vermilion Champaign Sigel village Shelby SlTvls village Rock Island Simpson village Johnson Sims village. .T Wayne Bond Fulton St. Clair Dekalb Sorento village Bond South Chicago Heights village Cook South Wilmington village. Gnmdy Marshall Randolph Sangamon WilHamson Woodford Cook McHenry Spring Valley city Bureau White Sangamon Putnam McLean Staunton city Macoupin /Cook . .*. Sterling oitv \Will Steward village Stewardson town Shelby Stoy village Strasburg village Strawn village Streator city Stronghurst village Snblette village Lee Sullivan city Sununerfield village St. Clair Summit vlUage. . T Sumner city. Swansea vill^e St. Clair Swedona village Mercer 1910 1900 1890 370 681 637 652 328 313 220 450 406 318 2,069 1,642 1,493 112 151 446 479 307 1,663 1,258 834 2,657 2,520 2,616 49 162 357 350 366 3,691 445 3,325 3,097 805 879 851 388 616 418 160 238 238 301 364 363 236 326 186 1,370 909 536 358 1,292 594 373 379 687 502 633 878 591 1,863 1,698 1,009 1,265 993 3,590 3,546 3,162 1,143 1,103 910 506 441 485 425 906 395 826 392 306 396 410 291 258 385 444 404 741 776 481 564 581 308 1,163 293 258 161 187 399 301 314 393 389 420 380 405 411 591 630 468 1,018 552 1,000 538 580 515 505 1,065 766 1,005 2,403 711 461 459 471 3,081 308 2,941 1,979 249 348 119 128 147 334 203 378 7,035 6,214 3,837 418 444 51,678 793 34, 159 24,963 525 601 389 5,048 2,786 2,209 708 562 401 2, 161 712 7, 467 353 6,309 5,824 720 677 617 1,096 946 379 1,118 488 438 270 526 392 258 277 224 233 14,253 14,079 11,414 762 762 287 306 2,621 2,399 1,468 337 360 557 949 547 1,413 1,268 1,037 889 735 97 111 i59 OTT, TOWN, OR VILLAOE. Sycamore city Symerton villape Table Grove vlllape Tallula village Tamaroa village Tamms village Tampico village Taylor Springs village.. . Taylorvlile city .' . . . Tennessee village Tessvllle village Teutopolis village Thawvllle village Thayer village Thebes village Thomasboro village Thompsonville village. . Thomson village Thornton village Tllden village . Tilton village Time village Tlnley Park village Tlskllwa village Toledo town Tolono village Toluca city Tonica village Topeka village Torino village Toulon town Towanda village Tower Hill village Tremont village Trenton city Troy city Troy Grove village Tuscola city Ullin village Union village Upper Alton city Urhana city Vandalia city Varna village Venedy village Venice city Vergennes village Vermilion village Vermont village Vernon village Verona village Versailles town Victoria village Vienna city Villa Grove village Viola village Virden city Virginia city Waggoner village Waldron village Walnut village Walsh ville village Wapella village W arren village Warrensburg town Warsaw town Washburn village Washington city Wataga village Waterloo city Waterman village Watertown village Watseka city Watson village Wauconda village Waukegan city Waverly city Wayne City village Waynesville village Weldon village Wellington village Wenona city West Brooklyn village. . West Chicago city West Dundee village West Frankfort city West Hammond village. Coimty. 1910 1900 1890 Dekalb 3,926 3,663 2,987 Will 157 Fulton 644 376 Menard 742 639 445 Perry 910 853 Alexander 400 Whiteside 849 807 429 380 Christian...' . 5,446 4,248 2,829 McDonough 274 327 313 Cook 359 Effingham 592 498 IroqiTois* 318 Sangamon 1,012 Alexander '717 417 Champaign 321 FrankllnT 673 398 309 Carroll 487 467 374 Cook 1,030 Randolph '774 Vermilion 710 474 474 Pike 158 125 146 309 300 Bureau 857 965 801 Cumberland 900 818 676 Champaign 760 845 902 2, 407 2,629 La Salle '483 '497 473 Mason 130 160 141 WiU 514 Stark 1,208 1,057 945 McLean 404 467 402 Shelby 1,040 615 543 Tazewell 782 768 508 Clinton 1,694 1,706 1,384 Madison 1,447 1,080 826 La Salle 289 316 283 Douglas 2,453 2,569 1,897 670 432 322 Madison 2,918 2,373 L803 Champaign 8,245 6,728 1511 Fayette 2,974 2,665 2 , 144 Marshall 406 403 398 Washington 160 177 193 Madison 3,718 2,450 932 Jackson 342 416 275 Edgar 287 305 325 Fulton 1,118 1, 195 1,158 333 188 Brown 557 524 517 Knox 334 329 308 Johnson 1,124 1,217 828 1,828 Mer^r '760 552 421 Macoupin 4,000 2,280 1,610 Cass 1,601 1,600 1,602 270 268 Kankakee..' 261 295 308 Bureau 763 791 605 Montgomery . . . i . 169 130 167 Dewitt 498 442 371 Jo Daviess 1,331 1,327 1,172 504 603 Hancock 2,264 2,335 2,721 Woodford 777 703 598 Tazewell 1,630 1,459 1,301 Knox 444 545 586 Monroe 2,091 2,114 1,860 Dekalb 398 358 351 525 Iroquois 2,476 2,505 2,017 Effingham 330 341 326 Lake 368 397 368 Lake 16, 069 9,426 4,915 Morgan 1,538 1,573 1,337 620 522 Dewitt 546 528 368 Dewitt 521 536 296 Marshall 1,442 1,486 1,063 26G 279 Dupage 2,378 1,877 1,606 Kane 1,380 1,348 873 2.111 Cook 4,948 2,935 600 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 2.— POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES; 1910, 1900, AND 1890— Continued. CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE. West Point village West Salem town Western Springs village, Westfield village Westvllle village Wetang village Wethersfield village Wheaton city Wheeler village Wheeling village White Ash village White City village White Hall city Willlamsfield village Williamson village Williams ville village Willis ville village Willow Hill village Wilmette village Wilmington city Wilmington village W Inchester city County. 1910 1900 1890 Hancock 292 277 Edwards 725 700 476 Cook 905 662 451 Clark 927 820 510 Vermilion 2, 007 1,005 Pulaski 218 ] 1 enry 1,593 Dupage 31423 2,345 i,622 Jasper 255 206 Cook 200 331 811 Williamson 353 Macoupin 421 Greene' 2,854 2,030 1,961 Knox 480 447 Madison 648 Sangamon 600 573 444 Periy 1,082 398 Jasper '444 499 Cook 4,943 2,300 1,458 Will 1,450 1,420 1,576 Greene 204 213 Scott 1,639 1,711 1,542 I I CTTY, TOWN, OB VILLAGE. Windsor city Windsor village (New Windsor P. O.) Winnebago village Winnetka village Winslow village Winthrop Harbor village Witt village Wood River village Woodbum town Woodhull village Woodland village Woodlawn village Woodson village Woodstock city Worden village W yanet village Wyoming city Xenia village Yates City village York village Yorkville village Zion city County. 1910 1900 1890 Shelby 987 866 888 Mercer 660 473 477 Winnebago 415 405 464 Cook 3,168 1,833 1,079 Stephenson 426 405 332 Lake 439 Montgomery 2, 170 428 Madison....' 84 Macoupin 175 203 236 Henry 692 774 608 Iroquois 295 331 Jefferson 315 350 Morgan 257 255 McHenry 4,331 2,502 1,683 Madison 1,082 544 522 Bureau 872 902 670 Stark 1,506 1,277 1,116 Clay 634 800 878 Knox 586 650 687 Clark 169 353 294 Kendall 431 413 375 4,789 0 n APT K 11 2. COMPOSITION AND CIIAKACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. Introduction. — The first chapter having given the number of inhabitants of Illinois by counties and mhior civil divisions, the decennial increase and the density of population, and the proportions urban and rural, the present chapter deals with the composition and characteristics of the population. The two chap- ters cover all the principal topics of the population census except occupations and ownership of homes. Description of the tables. — The greater part of this chapter consists of five general tables, which present statistics of color, nativity, parentage, sex, citizenship, illiteracy, school attendance, and dwellings and families, as follows: Table I for the state and counties; Table II for cities of more than 25,000 inhabitants; Table III for places of 10,000 to 25,000; Table IV for places of 2,500 to 10,000; and Table Vfor wards of cities of more than 50,000. A series of summary tables (numbered 1 to 16) reproduces from the general tables the more important state and city totals, and presents also certain addi- tional data relative to state of birth, age, and marital condition. On account of the wide differences in characteristics among the different classes of the population, the sta- tistics on each subject are shown accordmg to race, and for the whites according to nativity and parentage. Classification according to nativity and parentage is scarcely necessary for the other races, smce nearly all negroes and Indians are native born of native par- entage, and nearly all Chinese and Japanese either foreign born or of foreign parentage. The white population is divided mto four groups: (1) Native, native parentage — that is, having both parents born in the United States; (2) native, foreign parentage — having both parents born abroad; (3) native, mixed parentage — havmg one parent native and the other foreign born ; (4) foreign born. As the second and third classes do not differ greatly hi characteristics, they are combined in some of the tables ; in a few cases all three native white classes are combined. Since marked differences often exist between urban and rural communities with respect to the composition and characteristics of the population, the two classes are distinguished m comiection with several of the subjects. Urban population, as defined by the Bureau of the Census, includes that of all incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, the remainder being classified as rural. The census inquiry as to school attendance was merely as to whether the person enumerated had attended any khid of school at any time between September 1, 1909, and the date of enumeration, April 15, 1910. The Census Bureau classifies as illiterate any person 10 years of age or over who is unable to write, regard- less of ability to read. Color and nativity (Table 1). — Of the total popula- tion of Illinois, 2,600,555, or 46.1 per cent, are native whites of native parentage; 1,723,847, or 30.6 per cent, are native wliites of foreign or mixed parentage; 1,202,560, or 21.3 per cent, are foreign-born whites; and 109,049, or 1.9 per cent, are negroes. The corre- sponding percentages in 1900 were 47.1, 31.1, 20, and 1.8, respectively, only slight changes in the composi- tion of the population having taken place durmg the decade. In most of the 102 counties, the proportion of foreign-born whites is small, being less than 5 per cent in 40 counties, and exceeding 25 per cent in only 6. More than two- thirds of the foreign-born whites are m Cook County, in which both this class and the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage constitute a larger proportion of the total population than in any other county (35 and 41.5 per cent, respectively). (See maps on page 615.) Of the urban population, 32.3 per cent are native whites of native parentage; of the rural, 68.4 per cent. The correspondmg proportions for native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are 36.5 and 21.1 per cent, respectively. The percentage of foreign-born whites is 28.7 in the urban population and 9.5 in the rural; the percentage of negroes is 2.5 in the urban and 1.1 in the rural. Sex (Tables 2 and 12). — In the total population of the state there are 2,911,674 males and 2,726,917 fe- males, or 106.8 males to 100 females. In 1900 the ratio was 105.3 to 100. Among native wliites the ratio is 101.5 to 100, and among foreign-born whites 127.3 to 100. In the urban population there are 104.9 males to 100 females, and m the rural, 109.9. State of birth (Tables 3 and 4). — Of the total native population — that is, population born in the United States — 76.8 per cent were born in Illinois and 23.2 per cent outside the state; of the native white population, 22.1 per cent were born outside the state, and of the native negro, 66.8 per cent. Persons born outside the state constitute a much larger proportion of the native population in urban than in rural communities. ( 607 ) 608 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Foreign nationalities (Tables 5 and 1.^). — Of the foreign-born white poj)ulation of Illinois, ])ersons born in Geijnany represent 2().5 ])er cent; Austria, 13.6; Russia, 12.4; Sweden, 9.6; Ireland, 7.8; Italy, 6; England, ,5; ('anada, 3.7; Hungary, 3.3; Norway, 2.7; all other (‘.ountries, 9.2 per cent. Of the total white stock of foreign origin, which includes persons horn abroad and also natives having one or both parents born abroad, Germany contributed 34.7 per cent; Ireland, 11.3; Austria, 9.6; Sweden, 7.9; Russia, 7.8; England, 5.8; Italy, 4; Canada, 3.7; Norway, 2.3; Scot- land, 1.8; Hungary, 1.8; Denmark, 1.1; Holland, 1.1. Voting and militia ages (Table 6). — The total num- ber of males 21 years of age and over is 1,743,182, rep- resenting 30.9 per cent of the population. Of such males, 39.5 per cent are native whites of native parent- age, 23.4 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 34.7 per cent foreign-horn whites, and 2.3 per cent negroes. Of the 604,524 foreign-born white males of voting age, 317,339, or 52.5 per cent, are naturalized. Males of militia age — 18 to 44 — number 1,330,556. Age (Tables 7, 8, and 13). — Of the total population, 10.6 per cent are under 5 years of age, 18.9 per cent from 5 to 14 years, inclusive, 19.9 per cent from 15 to 24, 31 per cent from 25 to 44, and 19.3 per cent 45 years of age and over. The foreign-born white popu- lation comprises comparatively few children, only 5 per cent of this class being under 15 years of age, while four-fifths (80 per cent) are 25 years of age and over. Of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, only 39.5 per cent are 25 and over, and of the native whites of native parentage, only 43.3 per cent. The urban population shows a smaller proportion of children than the rural and a larger proportion of per- sons in the prime of life. Migration to the city ex- plains this at least in part. Of the urban population, 33.5 per cent are from 25 to 44 years of age, inclusive, and of the rural population, 27 per cent. School attendance (Table 9). — The total number of persons of school age — that is, from 6 to 20 years, inclu- sive — is 1,615,914, of whom 1,025,053, or 63.4 per cent, attended school. In addition to these, 19,085 children under 6 and 20,208 persons 21 and over attended school. For boys from 6 to 20 years, inclusive, the percentage attending school was 63.8; for girls, 63.1. For children from 6 to 14 years, inclusive, the percentage attending school was 87.8. The percentage for children of this age among native whites of native {)arentage was 88.2; among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 88; among foreign-born whites, 83.8; and among negroes, 83. (See Table I.) There is little difference between urban and rural communities as regards the percentage attending school for the ages from 6 to 14, but of persons from 1 5 to 20 years of age, 35.8 per cent in rural com- munities attended school and 23.5 per cent in urban. Illiteracy ('Pahle 10). — There are 168,294 illiterates in the state, representing 3.7 per cent of the total pop- ulation 10 years of age and over, as compared with 4.2 ])er cent in 1900. The ])ercentage of illiteracy is 1.3 among native whites, 10.1 among foreign-bom whites, and 10.5 among negroes. For all classes combined, the percentage of illiter- ates is 4.1 in urban communities and 3.2 in rural. For each class se{)arately, however, exccjjt the foreign-bom whites, the percentage is liigher in the rural population than in the urban. For persons from 10 to 20 years of age, inclusive, ' whose literacy depends largely upon present school facilities and school attendance, the percentage of illiteracy is 1.1. (See Table I.) Marital condition (Tables 11 and 14). — In the popu- lation 15 years of age and over, 39.3 per cent of the males are single and 30.4 per cent of the females. The percentage married is 55.2 for males and 58.6 for fe- males, and the percentage widowed 4.2 and 10.1, re- spectively. The percentages of those reported as divorced, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively, are believed to be too small, because of the probability that many di- vorced persons class themselves as single or widowed. That the percentage single is so much smaller for women than for men is due partly to the excess of males in the total population and partly to the fact that women marry younger. Thus 8 per cent of the females from 15 to 19 years of age are married, as compared with 0.6 per cent of the males, and 46.2 per cent of the females from 20 to 24 years of age are married, as compared with 20.3 per cent of the males. In the next age groiq), 25 to 34 years, the percentages are 74.4 and 61.1, while in the age group 35 to 44 the dilTerence practically disappears. That there Is a lar- ger ])roportion of widows than of widowers maj^ indi- cate that men more often remarrj" than women, but, since husbands are generally older than theii- wives, the marriage relationship is more often broken by death of the husband than by death of the wife. For the main elements of the population the per- centages of married j^ersons among those 15 years of age and over arc as follows: Foreign-born whites, 63.9 for males and 67.7 for females; native whites of native parentage, 54.6 and 58.2, respectively; native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 46.1 and 51; negroes, 51.7 and 57.7. These percentages by no means indicate the relative tendency of the several classes as regards marriage. To determine that, the comparison shoidd be made by age periods, since the j)roportion married in any class is determined largely by the ])roportion who have reached the marrying age. Similarly, the ]>roportion widowed depends largely on the proportion past mid- dle life. The ])ercentage married, for males and for females, is higlier in rural than in url)an communities. Dwellings and families. — The total numher of dwellings in Illinois is 1,006,848, and the total number of families 1,264,717, there being 125.6 families to each too dwellings. (See Table I.) The average niimher of persons ])er dwelling is 5.6, and the average number per family, 4.5. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 609 Table 1 .— COLOR, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, CLASS OK POPULATION. THE STATE. Total population White Negro Indian Chinese Japanese All other » Total native Total foreign bom Native white, total N ati ve parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-born white URBAN POPULATION. Total White Negro Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other. Native white, total Native parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-born white RURAL POPULATION. Total White Negro Indian, Chinese, and Jap- anese. Native white, total Native parentage Foreign parentage Mixed parentage Foreign-born white NUMBER. PER CENT OF TOTAL. 1910 1900 1890 1910 1900 1890 5,638,591 4,821,550 3,826, 352 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,526,962 4,734,8'’3 3,768,472 98.0 98.2 98.5 109,0,9 85,078 57,028 1.9 1.8 1.5 188 16 98 (1) <,'} 2,103 1,503 740 w ‘ 285 80 14 (1) P) 0) 4 0) 78.6 4,433,277 3,854,803 2,984,005 79.9 78.0 1,205,314 966,747 842,347 21.4 20.1 22.0 4,324,402 3,770,238 2,927,497 76.7 78.2 76.5 2,600,555 2,271,765 1,882,693 46.1 47.1 49.2 1,232,155 1,070,211 767,377 21.9 22.2 20.1 491,692 428,262 277,427 8.7 8.9 7.3 1,202, .560 964,635 840,975 21.3 20.0 22.0 3,4’6,929 2,616,368 1,710,172 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,388,881 2,553,855 1,675,337 97.5 97.6 98.0 85,538 60,993 34,076 2.5 2.3 2.0 2,510 1,520 759 (■) (■) (') 2,390,991 1,810,. 542 1,099,025 68.8 69.2 64.3 1,122,044 798,865 503,825 32.3 30.5 29.5 945, 291 323,656 |l,011,677 595,200 / 27.2 \ 9.3 }■ 38.7 34.8 997,890 743,313 576,312 28.7 28.4 33.7 2, 161, 662 2,205,182 2,116,1 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,138,081 2,181,018 2,093,155 98.9 98.9 98.9 23,511 24,085 22,952 1.1 1.1 1.1 70 79 93 0) (■) 0) 1,933,411 1,959,696 1,828,472 89.4 88.9 86.4 1,478,511 1,472,900 1,378,868 68.4 66.8 65.2 286,864 168,036 j- 486,796 449,604 / 13.3 \ 7.8 1 22.1 21.2 204,670 221,322 264,663 9.5 10.0 12.5 • Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Includes 3 Filipinos and 1 Hindu. Table 2.— SEX, FOR THE STATE. [See also Tables 7 and 8.] CLASS OF POPULATION. 1910 1900 Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Total population 2,911,674 2,726,917 106.8 2,472,782 2,348,768 105.3 White 2,852,386 2,674,576 106.6 2,426,113 2,308,760 105.1 Negro 56,909 52, 140 109.1 45,121 39,957 112.9 Ind., Chi., Jap., and 2,379 201 1,183.6 1,548 51 (■) all other. Native white, total.... 2, 178, 791 2,145,611 101.5 1,908,465 1,861,773 102.5 Native parentage 1,324,922 1,275,633 103.9 1, 160. 843 1,110,922 104.5 Foreign parentage. . . 611,275 620,880 98.5 535,114 535. 097 100.0 Mixed parentage 242, 594 249,098 97.4 212,508 215, 754 98.5 Foreign-born white 673, 595 528, 965 127.3 517, 648 446, 987 115.8 Urban population 1,779, 839 1,697,090 104.9 1,319,130 1,297,238 101.7 Rural population 1,131, 835 1,029,827 109.9 1,153,652 1,051,530 109.7 • Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. Table 3.— NATIVE POPULATION, DISTINGUISHED AS BORN IN STATE OR OUTSIDE STATE. CLASS OF POPULATION. 1910 1900 1890 Urban: 1910 Rural: 1910 Total native population 4,433,277 3,854,803 12,984,004 2. 476, 463 1,956,814 Bom in state 3,406,638 2, 893, 857 2, 196, 288 1,800,126 1,606,512 Bora outside stated 1,026.639 960,946 787,716 676, 337 350,302 Per cent outside state 23.2 24.9 26.4 27.3 17.9 Native white population 4,324.402 3, 770, 238 2,927,497 2,390,991 1,933,411 Born in state 3,370.568 2,863,798 2, 172, 851 1,775,258 1,595,310 Born outside state- 953,834 906, 440 754,646 615, 733 338, 101 Per cent outside state 22.1 24.0 25.8 25.8 17.5 Native negro population 108, 121 84,468 3 56, 507 84,7.58 23,363 Born in state 35,917 30,022 23,437 24, 730 11,187 Born outside stated 72, 204 54.446 33, 070 60,028 12. 176 Per cent outside state 66.8 64.5 58.5 70.8 52.1 * F.xclusive of 1 Indian, not classified according to state of birth. ’ Includes persons born in United States, state not specified ; persons born in out- lying possessions, or at sea under United States flag; and American citizens born abroad. 3 Includes native Indians and Chinese, but the numbers are small. Table 4,— STATE OR DIVISION OF BIRTH, PLACE OF BIRTH. NUMBER. PER CENT OK TOTAL. 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total native 4,433,277 3,854, 803 100.0 100.0 Illinois 3,406,638 2,893,857 76.8 76.1 Other states 1,026,639 960,940 23.2 24.9 Indiana 143, 188 128, 155 3.2 3.3 Ohio 122, 391 137, 101 2.8 3.6 New York 92,300 111,078 2.1 2.9 Missouri 85, 161 69,211 1.9 1.8 Pennsylvania 78, 116 78,046 1.8 2.0 Kentucky 74, 543 62,209 1.7 1.6 Wisconsin 67, 296 54,071 1.5 1.4 Iowa 57, 948 48,096 1.3 1.2 Michigan 40,419 39, 184 1.0 1.0 Tennessee 30, 939 32,471 0.8 0.8 Kansas 19,008 18,229 0.4 0.5 Virginia 17, 300 19,218 0.4 0.5 Massachusetts 16, 280 17,916 0.4 0.5 Minnesota 12, 753 9, 448 0.3 0.2 Nebraska 11,908 10, 820 0.3 0.3 New Jersey 10,434 11,883 0.2 0.3 All other • 134,535 113, 150 3.0 2.9 DIVISIONS. New England 37,533 46,845 0.8 1.2 Middle Atlantic 180, 850 201, 607 4. 1 5.2 East North Central 3,785,932 3,252,428 85. 4 84.4 West North Central 190,546 158,914 4.3 4.1 South Atlantic 51,057 51,413 1.2 1.3 East South Central 125,716 104,386 2.8 2.7 West South Central 18, 108 13,034 0.4 0.3 Mountain 7, 728 4,546 0.2 0.1 Pacific 6,357 4,588 0.1 0.1 Other' 29,450 17,042 0.7 0.4 1 Includes persons bora in United States, state not specified; persons born in outlying possessions, or at sea under United States flag; and American citizens born abroad. Table 5.— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY. FOREIGN COUNTRY IN WHICH BORN, OB, IF NATIVE, IN WHICH PARENTS WERE BORN. All countries. Austria Belgium Canada— French Canada — Other . Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey, Asia... Turkey, Europe Wales All other WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR FOREIGN parentage: 1910 For- eign- Total. Foreign born. Native. bom white Per cent. Per cent. Both One popu- lation: Number. Number. parents foreign born. parent foreign born. 1900 2,926,407 100.0 1,202,560 100.0 1,232,155 491,692 964, 635 280,844 9.6 163,020 13.6 104, 101 13,723 67,072 14,858 0.5 9,399 0.8 4,241 1,218 4,394 23, 577 0.8 7,440 0.6 8,529 7,608 9,102 86,092 2.9 37,793 3.1 11,331 36,968 41, 128 33,519 1. 1 17,368 1.4 11,551 4,600 15,684 168,396 5.8 60,333 5.0 44,758 63,305 64,364 3, 182 0.1 2,390 0.2 720 72 859 21,757 0.7 7,966 0.7 6,216 7,575 7,783 1,014,408 34.7 319, 182 26.5 489,502 205,724 369,649 11, 178 0.4 10,030 0.8 851 297 1,570 32,404 1.1 14, 402 1.2 12,966 5,036 11,916 62,764 1.8 39,857 3.3 11,860 1,047 6,734 330, 434 11.3 93,451 7.8 160,879 70, 104 114, 553 1 6,6&5 4.0 72, 160 6.0 41,371 3, 151 23,521 68,438 2.3 32,913 2.7 26,572 8,953 29,979 6,382 0.2 4, 306 0.4 1,025 61 312 227, 960 7.8 149,016 12.4 72,882 6,062 45,790 53,609 1.8 20, 752 1.7 15,754 17, 103 20,021 230, 131 7.9 115,422 9.6 94,830 19,879 109, 142 21,658 0.7 8,660 0.7 6,434 6,564 9,033 3,282 0.1 2,690 0.2 528 64 1 286 2,572 0. 1 2,453 0.2 101 18 11,637 0.4 4,091 0.3 3,540 4,006 4,364 > 111,640 3.8 7,466 O.G ' 101,013 2,561 7,379 I Includes native whites whose parents were born in different foreign countries; for example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. Table 6.— MALES OF VOTING AND MILITIA AGES. MALES OF VOTING AGE- 21 AND OVER. MALES OF MILITIA AGE— 18 TO 44. CLASS OF POPULATION. Number. Per cent. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 1,743,182 1,401,456 100.0 100.0 1,330,558 1,091,472 White 1,701,042 1,370,209 97.6 97.8 1,297,202 1,065,605 Negro 39,983 29, 762 2.3 2.1 31,702 24,671 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other. 2,157 1,485 0.1 0.1 1,652 1,196 Native white 1,096,518 903,086 62.9 64.4 894, 868 771,351 Native parentage . . . 689, 200 586, 773 39.5 41.9 527,411 455, 457 For. or mixed par. . . 407,318 316,313 23. 4 22. 6 367,457 315,894 Foreign-born white. . . 604,524 467, 123 34.7 33.3 402,334 294, 254 610 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 7.— AGE, FOR THE STATE. AGE PEltlOI). TOTAL POPULATION. NATIVE WHITE. N-BORN TE. NEGRO. INDIAN, CHI- NESE, JAP- ANESE, AND ALL OTHER. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. wu 1010 1900 Male. P'emale. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. All ages, number. 5,638,591 4,821,550 2,911,674 2,726,917 1,324,922 1,275,633 853,869 869.978 673, 595 528. 965 56,909 52,140 2,379 201 Under 5 years 597,989 550,035 / 302, 702 295, 287 176,302 171,227 US, 126 115,605 4,244 4,173 3,997 4,251 33 31 Under 1 year 125,159 114,392 63, 255 61,904 36,606 35,803 25,532 25,032 239 241 869 819 9 9 6 to y years 546,868 543, 770 275, 742 271,126 157,0,39 154, 108 101,749 100,474 13,0.50 12,534 3,881 3,992 23 18 10 to M years 520,955 494,880 262,007 258,948 141,388 1.39,369 103,233 102, 495 13,525 13, 129 3,832 3,936 29 19 15 to ly years 544,891 460,168 270,700 274,191 135,197 135,654 104,8.36 109,224 26,320 24,815 4,256 4,475 91 23 20 to 21 years 577,168 454,982 293,602 283,666 126,759 126,946 89,602 96,285 72,025 54. 493 5,878 5,914 238 28 25 to 2y years 5:10, 920 436,481 279, 166 251,754 109,593 106,609 71,743 76,549 90,547 62,206 6,917 6,475 366 15 30 to 31 years 450, 303 396,896 238,535 211,768 89,298 85,117 60,997 64,673 81,487 56,478 6,424 5,481 329 19 35 to 3y yciirs 412,904 352,375 218,277 194,627 80,938 74,802 57,962 60,650 72,878 54, 181 6,172 4,972 327 22 40 to 11 years 354,859 288,900 189,494 165, 365 68, 137 62,006 47,031 47,635 69,563 52,207 4,423 3,506 340 11 45 to ly years 296,898 215, 606 158, 154 138,744 55,582 51,494 37,639 37, 626 61,412 46,870 3,240 2,750 281 4 60 to 61 years 245,779 179,406 132,820 112,959 51,928 45,570 29,384 27,924 48, 737 37,399 2,602 2,064 169 2 65 to 50 years 168.341 136,596 88,926 79,415 38,100 34,808 14,898 14,352 34, 172 28,935 1,669 1,318 87 2 60 to 64 years 132, 467 109,522 67,919 64,548 30,313 29,065 7,633 7,552 28, 754 26,924 1,183 1,005 36 2 65 to 74 years 170,305 137,688 86,713 83, 592 40,301 39,069 6,672 6,580 38,300 36, 772 1,432 1,168 8 3 75 to S4 years 63, 137 46,437 31,387 31,750 14,437 15,055 1,568 1,559 14, 958 14,715 422 420 2 1 85 to 04 years 9,525 6,214 4,427 5,098 1,994 2,395 223 241 2,117 2,342 91 120 2 95 years and over 407 300 161 246 56 84 13 9 67 ' 108 25 44 1 Age unknown 14,875 11,294 11,042 3,833 8,560 2,355 560 645 1,439 684 465 249 18 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 10.6 11.4 10.4 10.8 13.3 13.4 13.8 13.3 0.6 0.8 7.0 8.2 1.4 15.4 6 to 0 years 9.7 11.3 9.5 9.9 11.9 12.1 11.9 11.5 1.9 2.4 6.8 7.7 1.0 9.0 10 to 14 years 9.2 10.3 9.0 9.5 10.7 10.9 12.1 11.8 2.0 2.5 6.7 7.5 1.2 9.5 15 to 19 years 9.7 9.5 9.3 10.1 10.2 10.6 12.3 12.6 3.9 4.7 7.5 8.6 3.8 11.4 20 to 24 years 10.2 9.4 10. 1 10.4 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.1 10.7 10.3 10.3 11.3 10.0 13.9 25 to 34 years 17.4 17.3 17.8 17.0 15.0 15.0 15.5 16.2 25.5 22.4 23.4 22.9 29.2 16.9 35 to 44 years 13.6 13.3 14,0 13.2 11.3 10.7 12.3 12.4 21.1 20.1 18.6 16.3 28.0 16.4 45 to 64 years 15.0 13.3 15.4 14.5 13.3 12.6 10.5 10.1 25.7 26.5 15.3 13.7 24.1 6.0 65 years and over 4,3 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 1.0 1.0 8.2 10.2 3.5 3.4 0.5 2.5 Table 8.— AGE, FOR URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION. AGE PERIOD . TOTAL . NATIVE WHITE . FOREIGN-BORN WHITE . NEGRO . Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban. Rural. Urban, Rural. All ages, number 1,779,839 1,131,835 1,697, 090 1, 029, 827 1,180,516 998, 275 1,210,475 935,136 552,987 120, 608 444,903 84, 062 44,015 12, 894 41,523 10,617 Under 5 years 175, 747 126,955 172, 698 122, 589 169, 242 125, 186 165, 997 120, 835 3,650 594 3,032 541 2, 823 1,174 3,038 1,213 Under 1 year 37, 601 25, 654 36, 870 25, 034 36, 763 25, 375 36,064 24,771 211 28 209 32 619 250 588 231 6 to 9 years 1.54, 652 121,090 153,002 118, 124 140, 739 118,049 139, 243 115,339 11,222 1,828 10, 889 1.645 2,671 1,210 2,852 1,140 10 to 14 years 147,416 114,591 149,061 109, 887 133,092 111,529 134, 854 107,010 11,649 1,876 11,453 1,076 2,650 1,182 2, 737 1,199 15 to 19 years 158, 896 111,804 169, 934 104,257 132, 997 107,036 143,793 101,085 22, 758 3,562 22, 819 1.996 3,053 1,203 3,303 1,172 20 to 24 years 192, 171 101,331 191,393 92, 273 123,614 91,747 136,351 86, 880 63, 6,50 8,375 50,097 4,396 4,676 1,202 4,918 996 25 to 34 years 351,548 166, 153 311.862 151,660 189,350 142, 281 196, 686 136, 162 150,317 21,717 104,877 13,807 11,197 2, 144 10, 266 1,690 85 to 44 years 205,427 142,344 236,141 123,851 1.36, 157 117,911 137,541 107, 562 119,822 22, 619 91.344 15,044 8,794 1,801 7,225 1,253 45 to 64 years 266, 761 181,058 244, 563 151,103 124,414 141,063 125,969 122, 422 135, 191 37, 884 112,877 27, 251 6,596 2,098 5,708 1, 429 65 years and over 58,461 64, 227 65,534 55, 152 23, 741 41,523 27. 937 37,055 33, 548 21,894 36,334 17,603 1, 162 808 1,259 493 Age unknown 8,760 2,282 2,902 931 7,170 1,950 2, 104 796 1,180 259 581 103 393 72 217 32 All ages, per cent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 5 years 9.9 11. 2 10.2 11.9 14.3 12.5 13.7 12.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 6.4 9.1 7.3 11.4 5 to 9 years 8.7 10.7 9.0 11.5 11.9 11.8 11.5 12.3 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.0 6. 1 9.4 10.7 10 to 14 years 8.3 10.1 8.8 10.7 11.3 11.2 11. 1 11.4 2. 1 1.6 2.6 2.0 6.0 9.2 6.6 11.3 15 to 19 years 8.9 9.9 10.0 10. 1 11.3 10. 7 11.9 10.8 4. 1 3.0 5. 1 2.4 6.9 9.3 8.0 11.0 20 to 24 years 10.8 9.0 11.3 9.0 10.5 9.2 11.3 9.3 11.5 0.9 11.3 5.2 10.6 9.3 11.8 9.4 25 to 34 years ... . 19.8 14.7 18.4 14. 7 16.0 14.3 16.2 14.6 27.2 18.0 23.6 16.4 25. 4 16.6 24.7 15.9 35 to 44 years 14.9 12.6 13.9 12.0 11.5 11.8 11.4 11.5 21.7 18.8 20.5 17.9 20.0 14.0 17.4 11.8 45 to 64 years 15.0 16.0 14.4 14. 7 10.5 14.1 10.4 13. 1 24.4 31.4 25. 4 32,4 15.0 16.3 13.7 13.5 65 years and over 3.3 5.7 3.9 5.4 2.0 4.2 2.3 4.0 6.1 18.2 8.2 20.9 2.6 6.3 3.0 4.6 Table 9.— SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. AGE PERIOD. TOTAL. NATIV Native parentage. E WHITE. Foreign or mixed parentage. FOREIGN-BORN AVIIITE. NEGRO. Num- ber. Attending school. Number. Attending school. Number. Attending school. Number. Attending school. Num- ber. Attending school. Number. Per cent. Niunber Per cent Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. THE STATE. 6 to 20 years, inclusive 1,615,914 1, 025, 053 63.4 849,975 585, 043 68.8 619.352 379. 164 61.2 121,517 46,138 38.0 24, 825 14.672 58.7 Male 808,263 515,724 63.8 425,773 293,. 5.53 68.9 307,414 191,086 62. 2 62, 780 23, 983 38.2 12, 10.5 7,008 57.9 Female 807,65! 509,329 03.1 424,202 291,490 68.7 311,938 188,078 60. 3 58,731 22,155 37.7 12, 720 7,564 69.5 6 to 9 years 432,853 354,775 82,0 244,993 201,0,34 82. 1 159,9.55 131,982 82. 5 21,621 16, 999 78.6 6,262 4,734 75.7 10 to 14 years 520,955 482, 944 92.7 280, 757 262, 575 9.3.5 205, 728 189,971 92.3 26, 23,449 88.0 7,768 6,902 88.9 15 to 17 years 319,838 147,328 46. 1 163, 122 93,794 67.5 130,881 47,170 36.0 20,883 3,978 19. 0 4,900 2,3,52 48.0 342,268 40,000 11.7 161,103 27,640 17.2 122,788 10,041 8.2 62.359 1.712 3.3 6,905 584 9.9 19 085 9,367 8,638 850 2'28 20,208 ll’lOl 5,098 3. 463 378 Total attending school 1.064' 346 605,601 392,900 50, 451 16,178 URBAN POPULATION. : 6 to 14 years 539,644 474,746 88.0 203,495 180,. 395 88.6 284, ,5.30 2.50, 779 88.1 41,766 35,069 84.0 9,792 8,439 86.2 15 to 20 years 404,075 94,859 23.5 134, 647 46,129 34.3 195,835 41,664 21.3 65,564 4,989 7.6 7,972 2,017 25.3 RURAL POPULATION. 6 to 14 years 414,164 .362,973 87.6 322,255 283,214 87.9 81,15.3 71,174 87. 7 6,519 5, .379 82. 5 4,228 3,197 75. H 15 to 20' year.s 258,031 92, 475 35.8 189,678 75,306 .39.7 57,8.34 16, 547 26. 9 7,678 701 0. 1 2,8,i3 <)10 3’/. 4 STATISTICS OF POPULATION. 611 Tablk 10.— illiterate PERSONS JO YEARS OF AGE AND OVER CLASS OF POPULATION. BOTH SEXES. MALE. FEMALE. CLASS OF population. BOTH SEXES. MALE. FEMALE. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. THE STATE. URBAN POPULATION. Total illiterate, 1910 168,294 3.7 86,729 3.7 81,565 3.8 Total illiterate, 1910 116,287 4. 1 67, 662 4.0 57, 625 4.2 40^480 1.3 21^506 1.3 18,980 1.2 Native white 9^774 0.6 4,530 0.5 5,244 0.6 32 ; 83() 1.7 17 ; 594 1.8 15^242 1.6 Native parentage 6; 293 0.7 2 ; 979 0.7 3;314 0.8 Foreign’ or mixed parentage. . 7,650 0.6 3;912 0.0 3,738 0.6 Foreign' or mixed parentage . . 3 ; 481 0.4 1,651 0.4 i;930 0.4 117,751 10. 1 (M),238 9.2 57,513 11.2 98,958 10.2 50, 105 9.3 48,853 11.4 9 ; 713 10.5 4 ’ 652 9.5 5^061 11.5 Negro 6;224 8.4 2 ; 706 7.0 3 ; 518 9.9 Total illiterate, 1900 157,958 4.2 74 . 752 3.9 83,206 4.6 RURAL POPULATION. 58,037 2.1 29,601 2.2 28,436 2.1 Total imterate, 1910 63,007 3.2 29,067 3.3 23,940 3.0 48,080 2.9 24, 678 2.9 24,002 3.0 Native white 30,712 2.1 16,976 2.2 13,736 2.0 Foreign or mixed parentage. . 9,357 0.9 4 ; 923 1.0 4,434 0.9 Native parentage 26,543 2.4 14 ; 615 2.6 li;92S 2.3 Foreign-born white 80,068 9.1 38,676 7.6 47,992 10.9 Foreign or mixed parentage. . 4, 169 1.1 2,361 1.2 1,808 1.0 12,903 18.1 6,138 16.0 6, 765 20.6 Foreign-born white 18, 793 9.4 10,133 8.6 8,660 10.6 Negro 3,489 18.6 1,946 18.5 i;543 18.7 Table 11.— MARITAL CONDITION OF PERSONS 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. MALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. Total.' Single. Married. Wid- Di- Total.' Single. Married. Wid- Dl- Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. owed. vorced. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. owed. vorced. THE STATE. Total, 1910 2,071,223 813,770 39.3 1,143,793 55.2 86, 077 11,008 1,901,556 577, 197 30.4 1,113.992 68.6 191,345 13, 172 To/al, 1900 1,674,164 681,250 40.7 907,961 54.2 71,655 6,181 1,558,701 482,552 Sl.O 900,138 57.7 165,333 7,636 15 to 19 years 270, 700 267,065 98.7 1,554 0.6 44 13 274, 191 249,912 91.1 22,061 8.0 271 150 20 to 24 years 293,502 231, 148 78.8 59,562 20.3 683 371 283,666 148,656 52.4 130, 967 46.2 1,894 1,180 25 to 34 years 517,701 191, 460 37.0 316,568 61. 1 5,532 2,524 463,522 103, 183 22.3 344, 780 74.4 10,805 4,053 35 to 44 years 407,771 70, 193 17.2 321, 783 78.9 11,643 3,235 359,992 41,467 11.5 290,283 80.6 24, 172 3,674 45 years and over 570,507 51,884 9.1 442,835 77.6 67,906 4,812 516,352 32,948 6.4 324,590 62.9 153,757 4,090 Age unknown 11,042 2,020 18.3 1,491 13.5 269 53 3,833 1,031 26.9 1,311 34.2 446 25 Native white: Native parentage ^ 850, 193 331,991 39.0 464,248 54.6 36,580 5, 740 810,929 251,523 31.0 471,887 58.2 77,633 6,723 15 to 24 years 260,956 226,610 86.8 31,977 12.3 435 227 262,600 183,006 69.7 76,370 29. 1 1,178 776 25 to 44 years 347, 966 85,542 24.6 250,857 72. 1 7,495 3,000 328, 434 53,509 16.3 257,691 78.5 12,887 3,840 45 years and over 232,711 18,816 8.1 180,592 77.6 28,502 2,481 217,540 14, 475 6.7 137,065 63.0 63,361 2,090 Foreign or mixed parentage 2 530,761 269,592 50.8 244,414 46.1 12,241 2,352 551, 404 234,596 42.5 281,090 51.0 30,759 3,279 15 to 24 years 194,438 178,536 91.8 14,329 7.4 133 84 205,509 164,334 80.0 39,269 19. 1 416 338 25 to 44 years 237,733 78,464 33.0 153, 312 64.5 3,968 1,418 249,507 60,094 24.1 177,200 71.0 9,723 2, 140 45 years and over 98,030 12,313 12.6 76,608 78.1 8,114 845 95,843 9,921 10.4 64,438 67.2 20,573 799 Foreign-bom white 2 642,776 193,323 30.1 410,953 63.9 33,998 2,277 499, 129 82, 172 16.5 337,893 67.7 75,766 2,479 15 to 24 years 98,345 84,350 85.8 13,242 13.5 91 44 79, 308 45,273 57.1 33,351 42.1 287 115 25 to 44 years 314, 475 89,090 28.3 219,245 69.7 4, 443 924 225,072 28,422 12. 6 185,638 82.5 9,536 1,280 45 years and over 228,517 19,287 8.4 178, 105 77.9 29,400 1,299 194,065 8,256 4.3 118,644 61.1 65,808 1,079 Negro 2 45, 199 17, 441 38.6 23,361 51.7 3,232 635 39,961 8,860 22.2 23,051 57.7 7,172 690 15 to 24 years 10, 134 8,409 83.0 1,549 15.3 68 29 10,389 5,922 57.0 4,020 38.7 284 101 25 to 44 years 23,936 7,665 32.0 14,491 60.5 1,257 416 20, 434 2,613 12.8 14,489 70.9 2,821 467 45 years and over 10,664 1,253 11.7 7, 179 67.3 1,876 184 8,889 295 3.3 4,435 49.9 4,010 121 URBAN POPULATION. Total 1,302,024 524, 929 40.3 712, 210 54.7 47, 873 6,970 1,222,329 393,377 32.2 687, 173 56,2 128,472 9.808 15 to 24 years 351,067 311,014 88.6 37,200 10.6 389 249 361,327 264,466 73.2 92,866 25.7 1,367 950 25 to 44 years 616,975 183, 798 29.8 417,237 67.6 10, 693 3,955 548,003 106, 829 19.5 407,614 74.4 26,947 5,997 45 years and over 325,222 28,638 8.8 256, 770 79.0 36,654 2,727 310,097 21,292 6.9 185,760 59.9 99,839 2,840 Age unknown 8,760 1,479 16.9 1,003 11.4 137 39 2,902 790 27.2 933 32.2 319 21 Native white — Native parentage 376,072 150, 422 40.0 201,598 53.6 14,225 3,013 373, 148 126,918 34.0 200, 735 53.8 39,578 4,327 Native white— Foreign or mixed par.. 361,371 196,436 54. i 154,588 42.8 7,313 1,681 397,233 183, 934 46.3 186, 973 47.1 22,505 2,669 Foreign-bom white 526, 466 162,862 30.9 336,361 63.9 23,884 1,778 418,929 75,381 18.0 280,592 67.0 60, 155 2,187 Negro 35,871 13,813 38.5 18,857 52.6 2,431 495 32,896 7, 103 21.6 18,807 57.2 6,219 624 RURAL POPULATION. Total 769, 199 288, 841 37.6 431,583 56.1 38, 204 4,038 679, 227 183. 820 27.1 426,819 62.8 62, 873 3,364 15 to 24 years 213, 135 187, 199 87.8 23,916 11.2 338 135 196,530 134, 102 68.2 60, 162 30.6 798 380 25 to 44 years 308, 497 77,855 25.2 221,114 71.7 6,482 1,804 275,511 37,821 13.7 227, 449 82.6 8,030 1,730 45 years and over 245,285 23,246 9.5 186,065 75.9 31,252 2,085 206,2.55 11,656 5.7 138,830 67.3 53,918 1,250 Age unknown 2,282 541 23.7 488 21.4 132 14 931 241 25.9 378 40.6 127 4 Native white— Native parentage 474, 121 181,569 38.3 262,650 55.4 22,355 2,727 437,781 124,605 28.5 271, 152 61.9 38,055 2,396 Native white — Foreign or mixed par.. 169,390 73, 156 43.2 89,826 53.0 4,928 671 154, 171 50,662 32.9 94,117 61.0 8,254 610 Foreign-bom white' 116,310 30, 461 26.2 74,592 64. 1 10, 114 499 80,200 6,791 8.5 57,301 71.4 15,611 292 Negro 9,328 3,628 38.9 4,. 504 48.3 SOI 140 7,065 1,757 24.9 4,244 60. 1 953 66 > Total includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. » Totals include persons of unknowu age. Table 12.— SEX, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. [See also Table 13.] CITY. 1910 1900 CITY. 1910 1900 Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Male. Female. Males to 100 females. Aurora Bloomington Chicago Danville Decatur East St. Louis 15,118 12,321 1, 125, 764 13, 721 15, 443 32,363 14,689 13,447 1,059,519 14, 150 15,697 26,184 102.9 91.6 106.3 97.0 98.4 123.6 11,683 11,256 863, 408 8,026 10,030 16,045 12, 464 12,030 835, 167 8, 328 10, 724 13, 010 93.7 93.6 103.4 96.4 93.5 117.9 Elgin Joliet Peoria Quincy Rockford Springfield 12,290 18,417 34,362 17, 879 23, 302 25,488 13, 686 16,253 32, 588 18, 708 22,099 26, 190 89.8 113.3 105. 4 95.6 105. 4 97.3 10,589 15,300 28, 724 17,505 15, 169 16, 582 11,844 14,053 27,376 18, 747 15, 882 17,577 89.4 108.9 104.9 93.4 95.5 94.3 612 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 13.— AGE, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. AGK PERIOD. TOTAL. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN- BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Aurora 15.118 14,689 11,050 11,759 3,925 2,777 140 153 Uuiicr years 1,310 1,302 1,275 1,275 28 18 7 9 U III lor 1 year 271 259 263 258 6 2 1 6 to It years 1,235 1,201 1,185 1, 124 48 56 5 21 10 to 14 years 1, 165 1,274 1, 121 1,204 32 63 12 17 15 to 10 years 1,449 1,201 1,337 168 102 14 10 20 to 24 years , r)t)5 1,5H4 1,151 1,334 401 234 12 10 25 to 34 years 2, 795 2,435 1,83C 1,871 934 537 31 27 35 to 44 years 2, 168 2,112 1,345 1,529 795 561 26 22 45 to i;4 years 2,545 2, 424 1,493 1,589 1,034 812 18 23 05 years and over. . 714 854 347 458 359 389 8 7 Age unknown 235 54 102 38 12G 15 7 1 Bloomington. . . 12,321 13,447 10, 198 11,348 1,708 1,699 409 400 Under 5 years 1,013 1,044 971 1,000 5 9 37 35 Under 1 year 203 218 191 211 12 7 5 to 9 years 931 965 884 906 22 25 25 34 10 to 14 years 1,030 1,006 9S1 1,007 18 18 31 41 15 to 19 years 1,111 1,353 1,044 1,270 32 40 35 37 20 to 24 years 1,238 1,442 1,092 1,277 101 113 45 52 25 to 34 years 2, 101 2,330 1,772 1,992 237 257 91 81 35 to 44 years 1,778 1,951 1,401 1,615 296 283 78 53 45 to 04 years 2,311 2,425 1,611 1,738 649 638 49 49 65 years and over. . 753 856 411 523 325 316 17 17 Age unknown 55 15 31 14 23 1 1 Chicago 1, 125,764 1, 059, 519 673,250 684,590 427, 860 353, 357 22,685 21,418 Under 5 years 112,937 110,830 108,800 10b, (H)9 2,885 2,880 1,218 1,254 Under 1 year 24,766 24,307 24,327 23,866 154 168 279 265 5 to 9 years 96, 134 95, 100 85,980 8A255 9, 106 8,777 1,033 1,114 10 to 14 years 92, 635 93, 164 81,981 82,032 9,572 9,433 1,062 1,088 15 to 19 years 100,363 108,005 80,819 ^862 18,265 19,714 1,203 1,415 20 to 24 years 125,665 125, 152 72,531 79,971 50,621 42,616 2,330 2, 541 25 to 34 years 231,202 200,486 104,867 108,774 119, 113 ^640 6,641 6,046 35 to 44 years 169, 563 148,210 69,874 69,875 93, 884 74,013 5,241 4,294 45 to 64 years 162, 858 144,553 65,733 54,435 103, 282 8L092 3,363 3,018 65 years and over. . 28,051 32, 177 7,168 8,862 20, 515 22,776 360 537 Age unknown 6,356 1,782 5,491 1,255 617 416 234 111 DanviUe 13.721 14, 150 11,913 12,482 1,042 956 753 712 Under 5 years 1,270 1,227 1,208 1,157 1 4 61 66 Under 1 year 256 253 248 237 8 10 5 to 9 years 1,270 1,303 1,209 1,247 5 7 56 49 10 to 14 years 1,215 1,175 1,159 1,109 10 11 46 55 15 to 19 years 1,241 1,391 1,166 1,297 16 22 59 72 20 to 24 years 1,246 1,457 1,122 1,329 45 40 78 88 25 to 34 years 2,401 2,634 2,087 2,329 144 151 165 154 35 to 4-4 years 2, 120 2,067 1,759 1,760 211 189 147 118 45 to 64 years 2,262 2,258 1,723 1,815 426 345 109 98 65 years and over. . 687 628 476 431 184 186 27 11 Age unknown 9 10 4 8 1 5 1 Decatnr 15,443 15,697 13,790 14,142 1,251 1,171 392 384 Under 5 years 1,397 1,347 1,357 1,308 12 14 28 25 Under 1 year 291 266 285 262 1 6 3 6 to 9 years 1,304 1,355 1,242 1,296 29 32 33 27 10 to 14 years 1,317 1,312 1,268 1,248 21 34 28 30 15 to 19 years 1,420 1,528 1,336 1,479 49 18 35 31 20 to 24 years 1,539 1,673 1,430 1,658 60 69 49 46 25 to 34 years 2,771 2,803 2,434 2,494 252 219 77 90 35 to 44 years 2, 199 2,238 1,93S 1,975 205 208 65 55 45 to 64 years 2,711 2,609 2,205 2, 171 434 374 71 64 65 years and over. . 730 817 531 600 187 203 12 14 Age unknown 55 15 49 13 2 4 2 East St. Louis. . 32,363 25,184 22,632 20,614 6,479 2,921 3,233 2,649 Under 5 years 3,032 3,020 2,739 2,702 55 45 238 273 Under 1 year 664 626 595 573 13 4 56 49 5 to 9 years 2,6.53 2,563 2,315 2,195 118 110 220 2,58 10 to 14 years 2,280 2,305 2,012 2,031 89 79 179 195 15 to 19 years 2,694 2,644 2,161 2,231 287 170 246 243 20 to 24 years 3, 956 3,138 2,588 2,428 960 344 408 366 25 to 34 years 7,609 5,214 4,513 3,783 2,140 745 949 686 35 to 44 years 5,318 3,620 3,331 2,734 1,433 520 549 366 45 to 64 years 4,123 3,037 2,652 2,188 1,096 622 368 227 65 years and over. . 636 620 292 307 278 285 66 28 Age unknown 62 23 29 15 2,3 1 10 7 AGE PERIOD. TOTAL. NATIVE WHITE. FOREIGN- BORN WHITE. NEGRO. Male. Female. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Elgin 12, 290 13,686 9,369 10.764 2,823 2,838 87 84 Under 5 years 975 934 957 916 8 13 10 5 Under 1 year 219 201 215 200 4 1 6 to 9 years 1,019 926 974 890 40 32 5 4 10 to 14 years 1,033 1,088 994 1,038 32 46 7 4 15 to 19 years 1,134 1,311 1,058 1,266 71 38 5 7 20 to 24 years 1,129 1,41.5 977 1,258 141 148 10 9 25 to 34 years 2,003 2,386 1,508 1,838 478 535 13 13 35 to 44 years 1,816 2,136 1,199 1,473 601 650 12 13 45 to 64 years 2,490 2,656 1,362 1,625 1,107 1,006 19 25 05 years and over. . 647 786 301 418 342 364 4 4 Age unknown 44 48 39 42 3 6 2 Joliet 18,417 16,253 11,585 12,135 6.562 3,879 261 236 Under 5 years 1,865 1,873 1,807 1,811 44 39 13 22 Under 1 year 429 430 425 423 1 3 3 4 5 to 9 years 1,646 1,590 1,524 1,479 107 99 15 11 10 to 14 years 1,447 1,486 1,317 1,370 111 94 19 22 15 to 19 years 1,596 1,606 1,308 1,435 272 155 16 16 20 to 24 years 2,119 1,805 1,211 1,350 892 418 15 37 25 to 34 years 3,789 2,899 1,737 1,858 1,968 977 80 63 35 to 44 years 2,823 2,137 1,260 1,347 1,507 755 55 35 45 to 64 years 2,561 2,179 1,200 1,221 1,315 934 45 24 65 years and over. . 553 667 210 258 341 404 2 5 Age unknown 18 11 11 6 5 4 1 1 Peoria 34, 362 32,588 28,549 28, 002 4,926 3,884 867 702 Under 5 years 2,650 2,688 2,588 2,622 17 18 45 48 Under 1 year 466 517 484 504 2 10 13 5 to 9 years 2,513 2,489 2,406 2,397 47 48 60 44 10 to 14 years 2,626 2, 620 2,515 2,515 64 49 47 56 15 to 19 years 2,896 3,138 2,744 2,969 98 108 54 61 20 to 24 years 3,581 3,657 3,139 3,335 335 241 103 81 25 to 34 years 7,178 6,133 5,871 5,241 1,057 716 246 176 35 to 44 years 5,749 5,012 4,497 4,154 1,090 733 154 125 45 to 64 years 5,712 5,267 4,029 3,930 1,545 1,251 134 86 65 years and over. . 1,385 1,540 696 806 666 712 23 22 Age unknown 72 44 64 33 7 8 1 3 Quincy 17,879 18,708 15,213 16, 124 1,849 1,792 804 792 Under 5 years 1,430 1,408 1,384 1,343 3 3 43 62 Under 1 year 268 279 261 266 7 13 5 to 9 years 1,394 1,419 1,334 1,367 6 10 54 42 10 to 14 years 1,559 1,459 1,482 1,393 6 3 71 63 15 to 19 years 1,714 1,951 1,629 1,869 17 12 67 70 20 to 24 years 1,869 1,892 1,733 1,761 58 31 75 100 25 to 34 years 2,927 3,178 2,647 2,889 134 151 145 138 35 to 44 years 2,544 2,748 2, 191 2,428 215 207 133 113 45 to 64 years 3,224 3,420 2,308 2,598 759 673 154 149 65 years and over. . 1, 192 1,208 486 463 649 698 57 47 Age unknown 26 25 19 13 2 4 5 8 Rockford 23,302 22, 099 15,294 16,074 7,907 6,921 93 104 Under 5 years 1,939 1,889 1,892 1,830 42 63 5 6 Under 1 year 412 373 407 370 3 2 2 1 6 to 9 years 1,877 1,857 1,738 1,715 135 138 4 4 10 to 14 years 1,844 1,886 1,719 1,783 120 97 5 6 15 to 19 years 2,066 2, 121 1,751 1,874 312 239 3 11 20 to 24 years 2,772 2,422 1,704 1,882 1,056 622 12 18 25 to 34 years 4,650 3,938 2,473 2,583 2, 150 1,328 24 27 35 to 44 years 3,261 2,995 1,686 1,786 1,556 1,197 18 12 45 to 64 years 3,785 3,731 1,826 2,003 1,940 1,715 15 13 65 years and over. . 1,084 1,239 491 605 587 629 6 5 Age unknown 24 18 14 13 9 3 1 2 Springfield 25,488 26,190 20,274 21,625 3,699 3,201 1,600 1,461 Under 5 years 2,394 2,361 2, 259 2, 226 24 25 111 110 Under 1 year. 466 466 447 447 2 1 17 18 5 to 9 years 2,335 2,319 2, 148 2,112 91 84 96 123 10 to 14 years 2, 107 2, 159 1,895 1,950 90 87 122 122 15 to 19 years 2,150 2,457 1,923 2, 210 96 123 130 123 20 to 24 years 2,368 2,859 1,959 2,479 258 222 149 168 25 to 34 years 4,839 4,955 3,716 4,021 804 621 315 312 35 to 44 years 3,947 3,626 2,925 2,887 758 519 261 220 45 to 64 years 4,133 4, 131 2,818 2,954 1,049 966 261 210 65 years and over. . 1, 166 1,286 594 658 524 .549 48 79 Age unknown 49 37 37 28 5 6 7 4 STATISTICS OF POPULATION 613 Table 14.— MARITAL CONDITION, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. [ Por cent not shown where base Is less than 100.) CLASS OP POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. MALES 15 YEARS OF AQE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AQE AND OVER. Total.' Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced Total.' Single. Married. Wid- Di- vorced Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- l>er. Per cent. owed. Aurora Total 11.406 4,572 40.1 6,239 54.7 432 41 10,912 3,435 31.5 6,152 56.4 1,245 62 15 to 24 years 2,948 2,602 88.3 329 11.2 3 1 3,033 2,276 75.0 738 24.3 10 4 25 to 44 years 4,963 1,584 31.9 3,262 65.7 74 26 4,547 920 20.2 3,413 75.1 182 30 45 years and over 3,259 260 8.0 2,625 80.5 354 14 3,278 216 6.6 1,981 60.4 1,047 28 235 120 53.6 23 9.8 1 54 23 20 6 Native white— Native parentage 4,213 1,558 37.0 2,420 57.4 142 26 4,199 1,380 32.9 2,257 53.8 522 31 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 3,256 1,557 47.8 1,003 49.2 74 9 3,957 1,676 42.4 2,028 51.3 228 19 Foreign-bom white 3,817 1,411 37.0 2, 157 56.5 210 4 2,650 356 13.4 1,804 68.1 476 11 Negro 116 45 38.8 57 49.1 6 2 106 23 21.7 63 59.4 19 1 Bloomington Total 9,347 3,326 35.6 5,491 58.7 452 51 10,372 3,437 33.1 5,516 53.2 1,319 83 15 to 24 years 2,349 2,040 86.8 300 12.8 2 2 2,795 2,145 76.7 631 22.6 13 5 25 to 44 years 3,879 1,034 26.7 2,725 70.3 85 28 4,281 1,034 24.2 2,981 69.6 213 47 45 years and over 3,064 224 7.3 2,454 80.1 365 20 3,281 257 7.8 1,894 57.7 1,091 31 55 28 12 1 15 1 10 2 Native white— Native parentage 4,990 1,743 34.9 2,974 59.6 217 33 5,583 1,855 33.2 2,970 53.2 700 46 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 2,372 1, 135 47.9 1,176 49.6 50 9 2,852 1,267 44.4 1,365 47.9 200 19 Foreign-bora white 1,663 315 18.9 1,184 71.2 160 2 1,647 236 14.3 1,034 62.8 360 13 Negro 316 128 40.5 156 49.4 25 7 290 79 27.2 147 50.7 59 5 Chicago Total 824,058 343,206 41.6 442, 081 53.6 27,586 3,949 760, 365 251,715 33.1 423, 839 55.7 76, 813 5,890 15 to 24 years 226,028 201,958 89.4 22,527 10.0 200 111 233, 157 172,811 74.1 58, 164 24.9 737 480 25 to 44 years 400,765 122,526 30.6 268,728 67.1 6,455 2,292 348,696 67,275 19.3 259,312 74.4 18,014 3,731 45 vears and over 190,909 17,991 9.4 150,302 78.7 20,874 1,533 176,730 11, 138 6.3 105,835 59.9 57,909 1,669 Age unknown 6,356 731 11.5 524 8.2 57 13 1,782 491 27.6 528 29.6 153 10 Native white— Native parentage 150,055 64,271 42.8 74,303 49.5 5,057 1,251 141,917 52,623 37.1 71,771 50.6 14,742 1,963 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 246,428 143,653 58.3 96,514 39.2 4,300 1,056 268, 117 132,330 49.4 119,386 44.5 13,810 1,814 Foreign-bom white 406,297 126,504 31.1 260,460 64. 1 16,983 1,361 332,267 62,930 18.9 222,646 67.0 44,504 1,757 Negro 19,372 7,631 39.4 10,076 52.0 1,232 279 17,962 3,800 21.2 9,978 55.6 3,746 355 Danville Total 9,966 3,222 32.3 6,190 62.1 435 109 10,445 2,768 26.5 6,333 60.6 1,175 160 15 to 24 years 2,487 2,104 84 6 363 14. 6 9 6 2,848 1,924 67.6 865 3a 4 32 25 25 to 44 years 4,521 950 2L0 3,401 75.2 106 63 4,701 708 15 1 3,630 77.2 266 95 45 years and over 2,949 168 5.7 2,422 82 1 319 39 2,886 136 47 1,835 63.6 870 40 9 4 1 1 10 3 7 Native white — Native parentage 6,615 2, 172 32 8 4,104 62 0 256 79 6,943 1,798 25.9 4,270 6L5 749 119 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage.. . . 1,722 680 39.5 970 56 3 61 6 2,026 751 37. 1 1,128 55.7 130 15 Foreign-bom white 1,026 166 16 2 778 75. 8 76 6 934 118 12 6 593 63.5 211 12 Negro 590 194 32 9 335 56 8 42 18 542 101 15 6 342 63. 1 85 14 Decatur Total 11,425 4,031 35.3 6,748 59.1 511 100 11, 683 3,426 29.3 6,783 58.1 1,369 95 15 to 24 years 2,959 2,576 87. 1 357 12 1 5 5 3,201 2,295 7L7 873 27.3 16 12 25 to 44 years 4,970 1,209 24 3 3,590 72 2 109 58 5,041 924 18 3 3,801 75.4 255 59 45 years and over 3,441 228 66 2,783 80.9 392 35 3,426 204 6.0 2, 104 6L4 1,093 23 55 18 18 5 2 15 3 5 5 1 Native white — Native parentage 8,060 2,896 35. 9 4,720 58 6 341 74 8,263 2,470 29.9 4,784 57.9 926 76 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 1,863 773 4L5 1,019 54. 7 52 13 2,027 771 38.0 1,082 53.4 160 11 Foreign-bom white 1, 189 234 19.7 863 72 6 88 4 1,091 113 la 4 753 69.0 222 3 Negro 303 118 38.9 146 48 2 30 9 302 72 23.8 164 543 61 5 East St. Louis Total 24.398 9,950 40.8 13,261 54.4 950 176 18, 296 4,548 24.9 11,792 64.5 1,798 142 15 to 24 years 6,650 5,660 86 1 938 14. 1 26 8 5,782 3,485 60.3 2,211 38 2 58 25 25 to 44 years 12,927 3,704 28. 7 8,761 67.8 328 no 8,834 944 10. 7 7,255 82 1 533 96 45 years and over 4,759 559 11. 7 3,547 74.5 589 58 3,657 114 3. 1 2,315 63.3 1,204 21 Age unknown 62 27 15 7 23 5 11 3 Native white — Native parentage 10, 892 4,736 43.5 5,642 5L8 399 89 9,080 2,617 28.8 5,637 62 1 749 68 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 4,674 1,946 4L 6 2,552 54. 6 133 36 4,606 1,332 25 9 2,865 62. 2 371 35 Foreign-bom white 6,217 2,250 36.2 3,676 59. 1 254 18 2,687 264 9.8 1,953 72 7 456 13 Negro ; 2,596 1,004 36 7 1,386 53.4 164 33 1,923 335 17.4 1,337 69.5 222 26 Elgin Total 9,263 3,353 36.2 5,378 58.1 375 75 10,738 3,778 35.2 5, 546 51.6 1,212 130 15 to 24 years 2,263 1,991 86 0 248 ILO 1 3 2,726 2, 151 75 9 544 20.0 4 7 25 to 44 years 3,819 1,073 26 1 2,633 68 9 61 33 4,522 1,243 27.5 2,967 65.6 213 81 45 years and over 3,137 283 9.0 2,490 79.4 311 39 3,442 375 ia9 2,022 58 7 990 42 Age unknown 44 6 7 2 48 9 13 5 Native white — Native parentage 3,343 1,243 37.2 1,889 56 5 131 34 3,996 1,528 35 2 1,877 47.0 491 57 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 3,101 1,479 47. 7 1,521 49.0 63 16 3,924 1,808 46. 1 1,818 46.3 246 36 Foreign-bom white 2,743 601 2L9 1,928 76 3 177 24 2,747 429 15 6 1,813 68 0 459 33 Negro 65 21 38 4 1 71 13 38 16 4 Joliet Total 13, 459 5,717 42.5 7, 113 52.8 414 70 11,304 3,757 33.2 6,319 55.9 1,106 63 15 to 24 years 3,715 3,234 87. 1 347 9.3 2 4 3,411 2,493 73. 1 851 249 6 6 25 to 44 years 6,612 2, 164 32 7 4,307 65. 1 . 88 42 5,036 1,046 20.8 3,758 74 6 195 36 45 years and over 3,114 313 10. 1 2,453 78 8 323 24 2,846 217 7.6 1,705 59.9 901 21 Age unknown 18 6 6 1 11 1 5 4 Native white — Native parentage 3,052 1,371 449 1,546 56 7 105 24 3,122 1,284 4L 1 1,541 49.4 274 19 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 3,885 2,092 53. 8 1,639 42 2 73 20 4,353 1,974 453 2,038 48 8 279 25 Foreign-bora white 6,300 2, 157 34 2 3,817 60.6 225 23 3,647 463 12 7 2,620 7L8 533 13 Negro 214 92 43.0 108 50.5 11 3 181 ■ 36 19.9 119 65.7 20 6 I Total Includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. 75100°— 13 40 614 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Tadle M.— marital condition, FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE— Continued. CLASS OF POPULATION AND AGE PERIOD. MALE.S 15 YEAB.S OF AGE AND OVER. FEMALES 15 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER. Total. I Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced Total.' Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Num- ber. Per cent. Peoria 1 1 Total 26,6'’3 11,110 41.8 13,581 61.1 1,314 380 24, 791 8,185 33.0 13,301 53.7 2, 830 346 15 to 21 years 6,477 5,o80 86. 2 751 IL 6 7 14 6, ”95 4,949 72 8 1,688 24.8 19 45 25 to 41 years 12,927 4,752 36.8 7,571 58. 6 345 225 11,145 2,650 23.8 7,688 69.0 583 209 45 years and over 7,097 743 10.5 5,242 73.9 959 140 6,»07 677 8.5 3,914 57.5 2,215 92 72 29 17 3 1 44 9 11 13 Native while — Native parentage 13,678 6,076 44. 4 6,666 48 7 599 209 12,294 4,234 34. 4 6,533 53. 1 1,229 214 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 7,362 3,268 44. 4 3,673 49. 9 270 no 8, 1”4 3, 1”1 38 8 4,228 5L 7 657 87 Foreign-born white 4,798 1,424 29.7 2,918 60.8 395 48 3, ”69 643 17. 1 2, 217 58 8 874 27 Negro 715 328 45. 9 318 44.5 50 13 554 137 24. 7 323 58 3 70 18 Quincy Total 13,496 5,329 39.5 7,320 64.2 704 89 14,422 5,099 35.4 7,431 51.5 1,720 127 15 to 24 years 3,583 3,184 88.9 372 10.4 4 2 3,'^3 2,986 77.7 796 20.7 19 16 25 to 44 years 5,471 1,693 30.9 3,604 65.9 108 54 5,926 1,639 27.7 3,944 66.6 258 74 45 years and over 4,416 445 10.1 • 3,331 75.4 592 32 4,628 472 10.2 2,675 57.8 1,440 37 Ago unknown 26 7 13 1 25 2 16 3 Native white — Native parentage 6,143 2,866 46.7 2,977 48.5 228 45 6,331 2,573 40.6 3,119 49.3 539 77 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 4,870 1,977 40.6 2,695 55.3 166 22 5,690 2,179 38.3 3,029 53.2 430 34 Foreign-born white 1,834 247 13.5 1,300 70.9 259 13 1,776 198 11.1 920 51.8 650 7 Negro 636 229 36.0 345 54.2 51 9 625 149 23.8 363 58.1 101 9 Rockford Total 17, 642 7,386 41.9 9,493 53.8 644 97 16,467 5,462 33.2 9,192 55.8 1,672 120 15 to 24 years 4,838 4,390 90.7 439 9.1 2 4,5*»6 3,627 77.6 986 21.7 15 10 25 to 44 years 7; 911 2; 627 33.2 5,114 64.6 114 49 6;a33 i;522 22.0 5,110 73.7 229 70 45 years and over 4,869 361 7.4 3,931 80.7 527 47 4,970 411 8.3 3,087 62.1 1,426 40 Age unknown 24 8 9 1 1 18 2 9 2 Native white— Native parentage 5,400 2,071 38.4 3,060 56.7 206 55 6, .523 1,848 33.5 2,979 53.9 626 62 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 4,545 2,463 54.2 1,954 43.0 100 22 5,223 2,602 49.8 2,324 44.5 259 30 Foreign-born white 7,610 2,818 37.0 4,433 58.3 332 20 6,633 980 17.4 3,843 68.2 778 27 79 31 41 6 88 32 46 9 1 Springfield Total 18, 652 6,988 37.5 10,536 56.5 851 161 1 19,351 6,271 32.4 10, 580 54.7 2,230 191 15 to 24 years 4,518 3,901 86.3 539 11.9 12 6 6,316 3,777 71.0 1,435 27.0 28 34 25 to 44 years 8,786 2,558 29.1 5,879 66.9 221 95 8,581 1,958 22.8 6,025 70.2 464 115 45 years and over 5,299 509 9.6 4,106 77.5 617 60 5,417 530 9.8 3,107 57.4 1,732 42 Age unknown 49 20 12 1 37 6 13 6 Native white— Native parentage 9,246 3,527 38.1 5,175 56.0 372 98 i 9, ”99 3,295 33.6 5,309 54.2 1,016 126 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 4,726 2,111 44.7 2,447 61.8 112 33 5,438 2,231 41.0 2, 771 51.0 384 32 Foreign-born white 3,494 903 25.8 2,284 65.4 268 21 1 3,005 492 16.4 1,889 62.9 609 11 Negro 1,171 439 37.5 623 53.2 99 9 1,106 252 22.8 609 55.1 221 22 1 Total includes persons whose marital condition is unknown. Table 1,5.— FOREIGN WHITE STOCK, BY NATIONALITY, FOR CHICAGO. FOREIGN COUNTRY IN WIUCH BORN, OR. IF NATIVE, IN WHICH PARENTS WERE BORN. WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR FOREIGN PARENTAGE: 1910 For- eign- born white popu- lation: 1900 FOREIGN COUNTRY IN WHICH -BORN, OR, IF NATIVE, IN WHICH PARENTS WERE BORN. WHITE POPULATION OF FOREIGN BIRTH OR FOREIGN PARENTAGE: 1910 For- eign- horn wlute popu- lation: 1900 Total. Foreign bom. j Native. Total. Foreign born. Native. Number. Per cent. 100.0 13.5 0.2 0.8 3.2 1.2 3.7 0.1 0.4 29.6 0.4 1.2 2.2 Number. Per cent. Both parents foreign born. One parent foreign born. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Both parents foreign liorn. One parent foreign bom. All countries .... Austria Belgium Canada — French Canada— Other Denmark England Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary 1.693,918 227,958 3,931 12,873 53, 580 20, 772 63,054 1,.569 7,138 501,832 7,4.54 20,456 37, 990 781.217 1.32,059 2,665 4,633 26,313 11,484 27,890 1,191 3,0.30 182,281 6, 564 9,632 28,938 100.0 16.9 0.3 0.6 3.4 1.5 3.6 0.2 0.4 211.3 0.8 1.2 3.7 705. 019 85,208 904 4,507 7,202 7,020 14,860 339 1,845 244,185 697 8,070 8,280 207. 682 10,691 362 3, 7.33 20,065 2,268 20,304 39 2, 263 75, 366 193 2,754 766 585,420 57,676 1,160 5,287 29, 189 10, 164 29, 286 416 2,986 203, 728 1,493 8, .555 4,946 Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey in Asia Turkey in Europe.. Wales All other 204,821 74, 943 47,235 4,, 322 184,757 22,840 116,740 7,192 1,486 758 4,686 ’ 65,531 12.1 4.4 2.8 0.3 10.9 1.3 6.9 0.4 0.1 (*) 0.3 3.9 65,963 45, 169 24,186 3, 344 121,786 10,303 63,035 3, 493 1,175 711 1,818 3, .554 8.4 5.8 3.1 0.4 15.6 1.3 8.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 99,346 27,737 18,156 931 58,417 6,279 46,321 2,033 284 36 1,467 "60, 889 39,512 2,037 4,893 47 4,554 6,258 7,384 1,666 27 11 1,401 1,088 73,908 16,006 22,011 287 39,204 10,347 58,831 3,251 1 180 1,818 4,691 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Includes native whites whose parents were horn in diflercnt foreign countries; tor example, one parent in Ireland and the other in Scotland. Table 16.— INDIAN, CHINESE, AND JAPANESE POPULATION FOR PRINCIPAL COUNTIES. COUNTY. INDIAN. CHINESE. JAPANESE. COUNTY. INDIAN. CHINESE. JAPANESE. 1910 1900 1890 1010 1900 1890 1910 1900 18tK) 1910 IttOO I8!HI 1910 1900 18!»0 1910 ItKM) 18!»0 16 I gs 1 740 80 14 3 11 10 2 1 'i G 19. ID 2 1 1 13 4 15 4 7 2 Peoria 1 2 18 15 21 2 1 139 g 20 1 M9. 1 2.').'? 571 242 74 ' 0 11 0 10 3 3 0 8 20 19 4 3 1 14 12 3 8 3 13 5 0 8 10 1 0 1 12 2 2 1 4 3 1 15 Will 1 M 10 5 McLean 1 2 0 4 15 4 Remainder of state 32 7 41 110 108 77 11 1 4 > Includes 1 Indian specially enumerated in 1S90, not credited to any county. o » cb H a. p n M h-l o o M P Pj o P^ o ® s O) w ^ CH •• ►H 03 mh gB B§ gg ga W M w ^ Szi P« 0 p 1 p l-H P P o (zi O o t-f H P o p o p p 610 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE [ Per cent not shown where base is less than 100. SUBJECT. The State. Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. Bureau. Calhoun. Carroll. Cass. POPULATION Total population, 1910 5,638.591 64,588 22, 741 17,075 15,481 10, 397 43,975 8,610 18,035 17,372 1900 4,821,560 67,058 19,384 16,0’'8 15, 791 11,557 41,112 8,917 18,963 17,222 1890 « 3,826,352 61,888 16,563 14,550 12,203 11,961 35,014 7,652 18,320 15,903 1880 3,077,871 59, 135 14,808 14,868 11,508 13,041 33,172 7,467 16,976 14,493 1870 2,539,891 56,362 10,564 13, 152 12,942 12,205 32,415 6,662 16,705 11,580 Increase, 1900-1910 817,041 -2,470 3,357 997 -310 -1,160 2,863 -307 -928 150 I’or cent of Increase 16.9 -3.7 17.3 6.2 -2.0 -10.0 7.0 -3.4 -4.9 0.9 Increase, 1890-1900 996, 19$ 5,170 2,821 1,528 3,588 -394 6,098 1,265 643 1,259 Per cent of increase 26.0 8.4 17.0 10.5 29.4 -3.3 17.4 16.5 3.5 7.9 Land area (square miles) 56,043 842 226 388 293 297 881 256 453 371 Population per square mile, 1910 100.6 76.7 100.6 44.0 52.8 36.0 49.9 33.6 39.8 46.8 Rural population per square mile, 1910 38.6 33.3 36.3 35.8 28.1 35.0 37.2 33.6 31.7 30.4 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 -Places of 2,600 or more in 1910 3,476,929 36,587 14,548 3,178 7,253 11,166 3,691 6,107 .Same places in 1900. t 2,666,333 36,252 12,566 2,504 6,937 10, 237 3,325 4*827 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 30.4 0.9 15.8 26.9 4.6 9.1 11.0 26.5 Koral, 1910— Kemainder of county in 1910 2,101,662 28,001 8, 193 13, 897 8,228 10,397 32,809 8,610 14,344 11, 2M Same territory in 1900 2,155,217 30,806 6,818 13,574 8,854 11,557 30,875 8,917 15,638 12,395 Percent of increase, 1900-1910 0.3 -9.1 20.2 2.4 -7.1 -10.0 6.3 -3.4 -8.3 -9.1 Urban, 1900 — Piaces of 2,500 or more in 1900 2,616, 368 36,252 12,566 2, 504 6, 937 10, 237 3,325 4,827 Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 2,205, 182 30,806 6,818 13,574 8,854 11,557 30,875 8,917 15,638 12; 395 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 61.7 56.6 64.0 18.6 46.9 25.4 20.5 35.2 Percent in places of 2,600 or morej 1900 54.3 54.1 64.8 15.6 43.9 24.9 17.5 28.0 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 5,526,962 62, 694 14,960 16,914 15,438 10,391 43,752 8,610 18,021 17,368 Number in 1900 i,7Si,873 64, 736 13,063 16,863 15, 734 11,642 40,813 8,917 18,938 17,218 Number in 1890 8,708,472 69,836 11,672 14,284 12, 161 11,939 34, 741 7,651 18,314 15,962 109,049 1,880 7,775 160 43 6 223 13 4 85,078 2\8i2 6,318 2U 62 16 299 26 s Number in 1890 67,028 2,044 4,878 266 42 11 271 i 6 1 Black 72,221 1,335 5,322 93 17 1 216 ...... . 13 4 36,828 545 2,453 67 26 5 7 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16). . 2,580 14 6 1 1 Native white— Native parentage 2,600,555 39,463 12,397 13,931 7,352 8,991 19,177 6,493 11,838 13, 175 Number in 1900 2,271,765 36,634 10,085 12,549 7,637 9,698 18,832 6,169 12,094 11,886 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 1,723,847 17,930 1,945 2,311 5,415 1,182 14,441 1,742 4,526 3,327 Number in 1900 1,498,473 20,367 2,197 2,577 6,231 1,464 13,081 2, 133 4,954 4.049 Native white — Foreign parentage 1, 232, i55 11,284 1,139 1,336 3,503 618 10,584 950 2,680 1,964 Native white— Mixed parentage 491,692 6,646 806 975 1,912 564 3,857 792 1,846 1,363 Foreign-bom white 1,202,560 ■•6,301 618 672 2,671 218 10, 134 375 1,657 866 Number in 1900 964,635 7,735 781 737 2,866 390 8,900 615 1,890 1,283 Per Cent of Total Popit-ation. Native white— Native parentage 46.1 61.1 51.5 81.6 47.5 86.5 43.6 75.4 65.6 75.8 Per cent in 1900 47-1 54.6 52.0 78.1 48.4 8S.9 45.8 69.2 63.8 69.0 Native white— Foreign qr mixed parentage 30.6 -« 27.8 8.6 13.5 35.0 U.4 32.8 20.2 25.1 19.2 Per cent in 1900 31.1 30.4 It. 3 16.0 33,1 12.6 31.8 23.9 26.1 23.5 Foreign-born white 21.3 8.2 2.7 3.9 17.3 2.1 23.0 4.4 9.2 5.0 Per cent in 1900 20.0 11.5 4.0 4.6 18.1 3.4 21.6 6.9 10.0 7-4 1.9 2.9 34.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 (•) 1.8 3.4 32.6 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 (•) FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— 163,020 16 5 40 17 395 6 84 3 9^399 1 2 1 466 6 7’ 440 17 5 2 15 6 6 22 1 Canada— Other 37; 793 102 38 10 146 8 130 4 86 15 17,368 13 2 49 301 1 74 4 England , 60;333 243 17 50 408 18 654 11 117 52 France 7,966 46 15 37 3 3 178 7 8 3 Germany 319, 182 4,042 215 264 709 117 1,368 272 833 582 10,030 35 6 1 5 85 4 10 14^402 13 2 9 40 3 72 1 39^ 857 17 5 27 1 37 1 18 Ireland.’ 93,451 418 144 20 249 65 420 25 146 114 72,100 43 17 91 55 2,529 3 73 2 32^913 13 5 1 214 12 7 2 4,306 7 2 149,016 36 46 13 23 1,494 1 9 4 20’ 752 42 9 8 97 2 348 42 19 Sweden 115,422 55 12 13 640 4 1,510 5 36 44 8,660 69 8 88 15 18 23 14 9 6,143 41 44 3 62 2 4’ 091 5 2 49 7 9,856 27 24 15 1 40 2 3 1 Native White: Both parents horn in— 104.101 12 4 26 12 317 34 1 8,529 8 2 4 4 G 26 3 Canada— Otlier ii;33i 33 16 4 64 2 42 66 2 11,551 2 29 371 71 1 England 44,758 228 17 55 401 33 619 10 128 m France 6, 216 36 18 91 4 8 100 C 14 2 Germany 489,. 502 9,395 465 742 1,047 323 2,564 780 1,559 1,378 Holland 12,966 12 4 2 6 24 2 117 lliSlK) 1 1 10 67 Ireland 160,879 895 304 63 648 227 O.W 65 316 2!>6 Italy 41,371 47 21 46 6 1,468 ■ 4 7 9 20, 572 3 1 2 277 14 7 2 72,882 22 38 16 8 1,198 6 1 Scotland \b,77A 48 19 17 184 3 366 6 66 32 Sweden 94,830 37 12 15 016 1 1,485 2 40 67 Switzerland 6, 434 34 7 114 1 21 18 10 7 All otlicrs of foreign parentage a 112,619 471 210 i:« ;u)o 966 Ol 224 102 ' State total inoliulcs 1 VP n specially enumerated in 1890, not credited to any county. ’ Loss than one-tenth oi \ per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 617 POPULATION P^OR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease.) SUBJECT. SEX Total.. .Male Female White.. .Male Female Negro... Male Female MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Number in 1900 Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreim parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Negro Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown ILLITERACY K Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900 Native white^ number illiterate Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate Per cent illiterate .tegro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons lO Years Old and Over. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Native white^ number Number illiterate Per ceot illiterate Foreign-bom white, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number N umber illiterate Percent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years N umber attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white — Native parentage, number Number attending school Percent attending school Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreign-bom white, number N umber attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number The State. Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. Bureau. Calhoun . Carroll. Cass. 2,9U,6’’4 33, 120 11,847 8,691 8,007 5,264 23,322 4,629 9,247 8,983 2,726,917 31, 468 10, 894 8,384 7,474 5,133 20, 653 3,981 8,788 8,389 2,852,386 32,131 7,858 8,612 7,987 5,259 23,208 4,629 9,238 8,783 8,981 2,6'’4,o'’6 30,563 7, 102 8,302 7,451 5,132 20, 544 3,981 8,387 56,909 975 3,983 3,792 78 20 5 114 8 2 52; i40 905 82 23 1 109 5 2 I, ’ia, 182 1,1,01,^60 21,056 7,260 - , 4,^01 4,881 3,104 13,490 2,444 5,724 5,305 20,497 5,729 4,204 5,0S8 3,222 12, 698 2,438 5,730 4,966 689,200 10,828 3,574 3,419 1,944 2,510 5,034 1,450 3,275 3,534 586, 773 9,282 2,702 2,908 2,095 2,502 4,984 1,357 3,222 2,987 407, 318 6,641 765 868 1,493 467 3,052 777 1,534 1,298 S16, SIS 6,174 729 824 1,402 616 2,728 724 1,506 1,296 304,029 4,760 505 597 1,094 286 2,260 515 1,034 891 103,289 1,881 260 271 399 181 792 262 500 407 604,524 2,883 332 357 1,431 125 5,332 217 909 472 467, m 4,S06 429 411 1,523 200 4,757 357 998 680 39,983 S9, 762 2, 157 39.5 692 2,583 1,866 6 56 13 2 72 6 1 125 60 17 4 129 5 / 12 1 51.4 49.2 72.7 39.8 80.9 37.3 59.3 57.2 66.6 23.4 31.5 10.5 18.5 30.6 15.0 22.6 31.8 26.8 24.5 34.7 13.7 4.6 7.6 29.3 4.0 39.5 8.9 15.9 8.9 2.3 3.3 2,219 35.6 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.1 301 317,339 169 168 1,027 84 3,352 141 636 43,482 25 14 50 102 1 186 6 19 3 174,581 87 552 50 31 186 981 6 147 8 69; 122 99 108 116 40 813 64 107 160 79,433 616 767 1 / 141 74 199 683 178 146 143 4.6 2.9 10.6 3.0 1.5 6.4 5.1 7.3 2.6 2.7 4.8 5.4 17.2 4.2 1.4 6.6 6.2 10.6 2.0 4 -& 18,863 332 183 105 24 189 83 167 46 114 1.7 1.9 4.2 2.4 0.7 6.3 1.0 7.5 1.0 2.4 55,907 146 16 22 49 10 586 11 100 29 9.2 5.1 4.8 6.2 3.4 8.0 11.0 5.1 11.0 6.1 4,349 10.9 132 567 14 1 14 19.1 22.0 4,493,734 53,749 18,260 / 13, 250 12,612 8,284 34, 130 6,343 14,658 13,843 168,294 1,208 1,688 281 158 346 1,282 350 278 257 3.7 2.2 9.2 2.1 1.3 4.2 3.8 5.5 1.9 1.9 3,229,772 46, 819 11,147 12,464 9,949 8,062 24,207 5,968 13,005 12,978 40, 486 592 413 209 41 318 164 322 89 195 1.3 1.3 3.7 1.7 0.4 3.9 0.7 5.4 0.7 1.5 1,168,559 5,277 615 654 2,630 218 9,747 375 1,640 86e 117,751 342 39 47 115 28 1,094 28 187 62 10.1 6.6 6.3 7.2 4.4 12.8 li.2 7.5 11.4 7.2 92,928 9,713 10.5 1,639 268 6,492 131 33 4 176 12 3 1,235 25 2 24 2 16.4 19.0 19.1 13.6 1,183,061 13, 191 4,687 4,027 3,230 2,223 9,319 1,971 3,622 3,759 12, 936 36 145 15 14 19 85 24 21* 8 1.1 0.3 3.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.2 1,615,914 17, 505 6,433 5,519 4,388 3,084 13,088 2,810 4,959 5,121 1,026,053 11,019 3,635 3,804 2,927 2,263 8,454 1,916 3,499 3,536 63.4 62.9 56.5 68.9 66.7 73.4 64.6 68.2 70.6 69.0 432,853 4,314 1,746 1,492 1,158 861 3,769 839 1,337 1,362 354, 775 3,571 1,104 1,248 935 748 3,039 673 1,148 1,141 520, 955 5,674 1,991 1,816 1,433 1,037 4,235 948 1,661 1,733 482, 944 5,236 1,693 1,686 1,365 994 3,853 887 1,583 1,661 319,838 3,620 1,289 1,111 908 605 2,542 534 988 1,019 147,328 1,649 656 677 493 414 1,257 288 612 591 342,268 3,897 1,407 1,100 889 581 2,542 489 973 1,007 40,006 563 182 193 134 107 305 68 156 143 953, 808 9,988 3,737 3,308 2,591 1,898 8,004 1,787 2,998 3,095 837, 719 8,807 2,797 2,934 2,300 1,742 6,892 1,560 2,731 2', 802 87.8 88.2 74.8 88.7 88.8 91.8 86.1 87.3 9i.l 90.6 525, 750 7,990 2,326 3,015 1,442 1,811 3,961 1,625 2,324 2,738 463,609 7,083 1,735 2,671 1,284 1,663 3,460 1,423 2, 104 2,485 88.2 88.6 74.6 88.6 89.0 91.8 87.4 87.6 90.5 90.8 365,683 1,733 198 242 1,078 85 3,462 162 647 352 321,953 1,499 176 219 955 77 2,973 137 603 314 88.0 86.5 88.9 90.5 88.6 85.9 544 84.6 93.2 26 89.2 4 48,275 24 12 24 64 40, 448 21 11 21 50 427 23 2 83.8 78.5 37 14,020 241 1,201 27 7 2 1 1 11,636 204 875 23 5 2 32 1 1 83.0 84.6 72.9 1,006,848 13,933 5,055 3,984 3,652 2,586 ^ 9,859 1,884 4,502 4,052 1,264,717 15, 120 5,471 4,052 3,732 2,606 U0,078 1,923 4,601 4,192 * Native whites having both parents bom in coimtries other than specified, and also those havin.g both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 618 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. POPULATION Total population, 1910 im)(» 1890 1880 1870 iQcreaso, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910 Urban and Rural Territort. Urban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910, Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Rural, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910.. Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900— Places of 2,500 or more in 1900. . Rural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY White Number in i'JOO Number in 1890 Negro Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Black Mulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 1 Native white— Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-born white »■ Number in 1900 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 Fereign-bom white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria Belgium Canada — French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany Greece.; Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries N ative White: Both parents born in— Austria Canada— French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage ’ Cham- paign. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Coles. Cook. Crawford. Cumber- land. Dekalb. 51, 829 47,622 42, 159 40, 863 32, 737 4,207 8.8 5,463 13.0 1,043 49.7 29.9 20, 666 14,826 39.4 31, 163 32, 796 -5.0 14, 826 32, 796 39.9 31. 1 34,594 32, 790 30,531 28, 227 20,363 1,804 5.5 2,259 7.4 700 49.4 33.0 11,501 9, 778 17.6 23,093 23,012 0.4 9,778 23,012 33.2 29.8 23, 517 24,033 21, 899 21,894 18, 719 -516 -2. 1 2,134 9.7 493 47.7 42.5 2,569 2,077 23.7 20,948 21,956 -4.6 18,681 19,o53 16, 772 16, 192 15,875 -892 -4.6 2,781 16.6 462 40.4 34.5 2,704 2,311 17.0 15,957 17,242 -7.5 22,832 19,824 17, ',11 18, v] 4 16,285 3,008 15.2 2,413 13.9 483 47.3 46.6 1329 ‘139 136.7 22,503 19,685 14.3 ‘139 19,685 1.4 0.7 34,517 34, 146 30,093 27,042 25,235 371 1.1 4,053 13.5 525 65.7 32.7 17,340 15, 110 14.8 17, 177 19,036 -9.8 15, no 19,036 60.2 44.3 2,405,233 1,838,735 1, 191,922 607,524 349,966 566, 498 30.8 646,813 54.3 933 2, 578. 0 89.7 2,321,589 1,775,515 30.8 83,644 63,220 32.3 1,769,053 69,682 96.5 96.2 26, 281 19,240 17,283 16, 197 13,889 7,041 36.6 I, 957 II. 3 453 58.0 49.5 3,863 1,683 129.5 22,418 17,557 27.7 14,281 16, 124 15, 443 13, 759 12,223 -1,843 -11.4 681 4.4 353 40.5 40.5 14,281 16, 124 -11.4 33,457 31,756 27,066 26,768 23,265 1,701 5.4 4,690 , 17.3 638 52.4 29.6 14,585 12,077 20.8 18,872 19,679 -4.1 12,077 19, 679 43.6 38.0 24,033 10.9 19, 553 14.5 19,240 14.7 16, 124 50,857 34,411 23,442 18,635 22,547 34,308 2,356,379 26,243 14,274 33,297 47, 067 32,625 23,988 19,504 19, 493 33,844 1,805,561 19,219 16, 106 31,672 41,746 30,430 21,856 16,715 17,119 29,805 1,176,419 17,246 15,418 26,996 950 181 74 26 285 201 46,627 38 7 151 551 165 40 49 331 299 31,838 21 17 79 411 98 43 56 £87 284 14,910 57 25 69 774 119 62 23 226 127 27,511 38 1 125 176 62 12 3 59 74 19, 116 6 26 22 2 1 s 2, 227 9 38, 672 25,397 21,923 17,410 12,077 31,188 515,223 2^,233 13,504 15,620 SS, 225 24,282 22, 005 17, 732 8,604 SO, 169 597, 8I4 18,649 14,996 14,841 9,063 5,950 1,248 985 8,160 2,412 998,505 801 646 10, 854 9,867 5,914 1,590 1,422 8,314 2,823 783,643 468 901 10,466 5,048 3,605 623 393 4,825 1,219 766, 131 335 318 7,204 4,015 2,345 625 592 3,335 1,193 232,374 466 328 3,650 3,122 3,064 271 240 2,310 708 842,651 209 124 6,823 3,975 2,429 393 350 2,575 852 624, 104 102 209 6,365 74.6 73.4 93.2 93.3 52.9 90.4 21.4 96.0 94.6 46.7 69.8 74.1 91.6 90.7 43.4 88.4 21.6 96.9 93.0 46.7 17.5 17.2 5.3 5.3 35.7 7.0 41.5 3.0 4.5 32.4 20.7 18.0 6.6 7.3 41.9 8.3 42.6 2.4 5.6 55.0 6.0 8.9 1.2 1.3 10.1 2.1 35.0 0.8 0.9 20.4 8.3 I- 4 1.6 1.8 13.0 2.5 33.9 0.5 1.3 20.0 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.6 1.9 0.1 (=) 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.7 0.9 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 16 225 85 1 138,513 4 296 1 87 1 2 2,761 6 1 1 7 31 2 2 5 5,027 4 2 51 135 50 25 12 18 59 28,714 26 1 290 59 19 6 4 3 12, 223 3 212 378 296 25 29 71 81 3i;257 37 12 620 26 421 6 8 33 4 3,279 1 .... 69 1,508 879 143 135 1,772 255 203,315 30 66 998 30 14 1 3 6,947 15 67 16 1 2 4i3 1 11,414 5 7 7 110 5 1 30; 091 3 12 512 250 41 21 39 192 68,688 26 27 424 86 117 13 49, 7U 6 150 31 19 1 5 25,731 3 563 1 1 3,383 2 34 276 7 6 98 9 128,369 20 350 77 169 5 6 49 21 11,415 9 2 106 122 26 1 2 13 11 68,775 6 3 2,007 24 32 16 7 52 10 3,829 3 4 30 13 3 1 20 1,972 24 21 32 2 4 1,9(W 3 31 18 7 2 1 3 9 5,236 2 3 513 4 174 33 3 89. 78 6 42 2 1 n 4,900 1 35 28 19 8 5 30 7,970 12 1 126 47 11 1 G 7, 464 1 1 161 288 229 33 33 64 92 17,022 29 18 608 22 137 7 63 9 1,990 5 1 85 2, 664 1,427 360 265 4,083 522 275, 178 115 227 1,717 7 2 1 27 2 10, 047 1 3 82 1 1 8,563 2 1,230 640 133 47 100 375 102; 884 88 44 927 32 4 14 30, 101 10 5 1 1 19’ 073 660 15 9:u 1 44 7 61,125 5 128 74 106 14 2 28 22 7, 006 15 6 89 139 29 1 27 14 .50,281 5 2 1,840 31 1(> 14 4 00 10 2, 2.35 4 3 10 374 423 00 29 279 100 71,250 54 15 825 ' Population of part oMCentralla city; total population of city. In Clinton and Marlon Counties. 9,080 in 1910, and 6,721 In 1900. 3 l.es 3 than one-tenth of I per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 619 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT. Cham- paign. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Coles. Cook. Crawford. Cumber- land. Dekalb. SEX Total.. . Male 26, 634 17,848 11,884 9,406 11,885 17, 540 1,239,892 13,756 7,297 17,490 Female 25, 195 16,746 11, 633 9,255 10,947 16,977 1, 165,341 12,525 6,984 15,967 White.. .Male 26, 136 17,752 11,846 9,396 11,738 17,441 1,213,922 13, 734 7,292 17,396 Female 24, 721 16,659 11,596 9,239 10,809 16,867 1,142,457 12,509 6,982 15,901 Negro... Male 476 94 37 10 147 93 23,915 22 5 85 Female 474 87 37 16 138 108 22, 712 16 2 66 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 15,571 10,167 6,552 4,949 6,208 10,005 767,537 7,643 3,886 10,974 Number in 1900 13,922 9,209 6,456 4,956 6,169 9,727 551,113 4,971 4,138 9,879 Native white— Native parentage 10,667 6, 774 5,840 4,446 2,035 8,642 142, 182 7, 154 3,541 4,337 Number in 1900 9,027 6,275 5,589 4,298 1,339 8,208 113,992 4,699 3,695 4,087 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 2,934 1,788 549 355 2,879 900 193, 479 348 270 2,828 Number in 1900 2,62Jt 1.5i9 627 434 2,283 973 132,272 199 313 2,376 Native white— Foreign parentage 1,983 1,151 291 175 2,110 510 153, 436 173 146 2, 018 Native white — Mixed parentage 951 637 258 180 769 384 40, 043 175 124 810 Foreign-born white 1,649 1,546 146 139 1,228 392 411,320 123 72 3,747 Number in 1900 2,093 1,337 224 204 1,441 P9 290,581 67 124 3,381 Negro 304 57 17 9 66 67 18,694 18 3 56 Number in 1900 tu 48 IS 20 96 104 13,025 6 5 30 17 2 4 1,862 6 Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 68.5 66.6 89.1 89.8 32.8 86.4 18.5 93.6 91.1 39.5 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 18.8 17.6 8.4 7.2 46.4 9.0 25.2 4.6 6.9 25.8 Foreign-bom white 10.6 15.2 2.2 2.8 19.8 3.9 53.6 1.6 1.9 34.1 Negro 2.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.5 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized 1,088 933 100 94 836 251 207, 262 45 49 2, 142 39 102 1 3 70 9 33, 281 2 243 Alien '. . .* 138 286 4 1 91 33 133, 330 21 3 881 Unknown 384 225 41 41 231 99 37.447 55 20 481 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number illiterate 402 447 254 172 123 234 40,045 185 161 226 Per cent illiterate 2.6 4.4 3.9 3.5 2.0 2.3 5.2 2.4 4. 1 2.1 Per cent in 1900 3.0 5.0 6.0 6.1 S.7 3.6 4.0 6.9 6.2 4.0 Native white, number illiterate 203 246 242 161 70 204 891 184 158 23 Percent illiterate 1.5 2.9 3.8 3.4 L4 2.1 0.3 2.5 4.1 0.3 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 164 189 11 11 49 20 38,324 1 3 190 9.9 12.2 7.5 7.9 4.0 5. 1 9.3 0.8 5. 1 33 12 1 4 10 586 8 10.9 3.1 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 41,018 27,037 18,150 14,033 17,160 27,028 1,943,931 19,872 10,834 27,176 Number illiterate 849 909 498 363 265 462 87, 686 388 299 453 Per cent illiterate 2.1 3.4 2.7 2.6 1.5 1.7 4.5 2.0 2.8 1.7 Native white, number 37, 136 23,989 17,823 13, 769 14, 735 26, 150 1,082,713 19,628 10,704 20,337 Number illiterate 413 481 468 341 150 403 2,676 383 289 58 Per cent illiterate 1. 1 2.0 2.6 2.5 1.0 1.5 0.2 2.0 2.7 0.3 Foreign-bom white, number 3,085 2,892 267 239 2,229 705 817.480 207 124 6,707 Number illiterate 364 404 22 21 106 39 83,026 4 10 376 Per cent illiterate 11.8 14.0 8.2 8.8 4.8 5.5 10.2 1.9 8.1 5.6 Negro, number 775 154 59 25 196 167 41,602 37 6 123 70 24 8 1 9 20 1,713 1 13 9.0 15.6 4.6 12.0 4. 1 10.6 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive Total number 10,891 7,589 5,279 4,275 5,500 7,479 489,073 5,601 3,286 6,561 Number illiterate 38 53 31 25 15 31 7,164 28 7 41 Per cent illiterate 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years. Inclusive 14,969 10,527 7,372 6,067 7,713 10,354 657,732 8,005 4.684 8,976 Number attending school 10, 349 7,180 5,389 4,332 4.428 6,708 389, 321 5,777 3,315 6,974 Per cent attending school 69. 1 68.2 73.1 71.4 57.4 64.8 59.2 72.2 70.8 66.6 Number 6 to 9 years 4,078 2,938 2,093 1,792 2, 213 2,875 168,659 2, 404 1,398 2,415 Number attending school 3,402 2,412 1,778 1,388 1,667 2,286 139,081 2,062 1,117 2,077 Number 10 to 14 years 4,834 3,419 2,536 2,055 2,671 3,402 207, 181 2,621 1,568 2,816 Number attending school 4,511 3,260 2,402 1,915 2,285 2,992 191,148 2, 452 1,483 2,6.57 Number 15 to 17 years 2,791 2,069 1,398 1,153 1,472 1,981 131,523 1,465 893 1,808 Number attending school 1,695 1,189 939 805 399 1,098 46,822 948 585 973 Number 18 to 20 years 3,266 2,101 1,345 1,067 1,357 2,096 150,369 1,515 825 1,937 Number attending school 741 319 270 224 77 332 12, 270 315 150 267 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 8,912 6,357 4,629 3,847 4,884 6,277 375, 840 5,025 2,966 5,231 Number attending school 7,913 5,672 4,180 3,303 3,952 5,278 330, 229 4,514 2,600 4,734 Per cent attending school 88.8 89.2 90,3 85.9 80.9 84.1 87.9 89.8 87.7 90.5 Native white — Native parentage, number 7,359 5,117 4, .522 3,724 3,596 6,013 94,609 4,949 2, 912 2,884 Number attending school 6,523 4,549 4,080 3, 194 2,880 5,056 84, 195 4,446 2,551 2,009 Per cent attending school 88.6 88.9 90.2 85.8 80. 1 84. 1 89.0 89.8 87.6 90.5 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number 1,366 987 86 119 1,129 229 240,629 66 52 2, 156 Number attending school 1,230 901 82 105 931 198 211,647 61 48 1,955 Per cent attending school 90.0 91.3 88.2 82. 6 86.5 88.0 90. 7 Foreign-bom white, number 48 221 2 85 8 36, 359 7 1 166 Number attending school 38 193 2 77 7 30,605 6 147 Per cent attending school . . . ; 87.3 84.2 88.6 Negro, number 139 32 19 4 74 25 4,179 3 1 25 N umber attending school 122 29 16 4 64 15 3,724 1 1 23 Per cent attending school 87.8 89. 1 D W JbiLiLiJN J?'A Dwellings, number 11,964 8,062 5,635 4,302 4,733 8,111 285, 957 6,083 3,389 7.862 Families, number 12,3.37 8, 177 5,736 4,363 4,846 8,300 518, 191 6,219 3,441 8, 143 8 Native whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom In different countries. 620 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage. Edgar. Edwards. Effing- ham. Fayette. Ford. Franklin. Fulton. POPULATION Total population, 1910 18,906 19,591 33, 432 27,336 10,049 20, 055 28,076 17,096 25,943 49, 549 1900 18,972 19,097 28, 196 28,273 10,345 20, 465 28,065 18,359 19, 675 46,201 1890 17,011 17,669 22, 551 26, 787 9, 444 19, 358 23,367 17,035 17,138 43,110 1880 17,010 15,853 19, 161 25,499 8,597 18,920 23,241 15,099 16, 129 41,240 1870 14,768 13,484 16,685 21,450 7,565 15,653 19,638 9, 103 12,652 38,291 Increase, 1900-1910 -66 494 5,236 -937 -296 -410 10 -1,263 6,268 3,348 Per cent of increase -0.3 2.6 18.6 -3.3 -2.9 -2.0 (■) -6.9 31.9 7.2 Increase, 1890-1900 1,961 1,428 5, 645 1,486 901 1,107 4,698 1,324 2,537 3,091 Per cent of increase 11.5 8.1 25.0 5.5 9.5 5.7 26.1 is 14.8 i2 Land area (square miles) 415 417 345 621 238 511 729 500 445 884 Population per square mile, 1910 45.6 47.0 96.9 44.0 42.2 39.2 38.5 34.2 58.3 56.1 Rural population per square mile, 1910 33.1 47.0 69.4 31.7 42.2 31.6 34.4 28.4 52.3 44.2 Urban and Rural Territory. TTrban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 5,166 9,473 7,664 3,898 2,974 2,912 2,675 10, 463 Same places in 1900 4, 452 7, 077 0 , 105 3^774 2 ' 665 3, 036 1^341 6,564 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 16.0 33.9 25.5 3.3 11. 6 —4. 1 99.5 69.2 Rural, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910 13, 741 19,591 23,959 19,672 10,049 16, 157 25, 101 14, 184 23,268 39,096 Same territory in 1900 14,520 19, 097 21,119 22, 168 10,345 16, 691 25,400 15, 323 18,334 39,637 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 -5.4 2.6 13.4 -11.3 -2.9 -3.2 -1.2 -7.4 26.9 -1.4 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 4,452 2, 569 5,207 6, 105 3, 774 2,665 3,036 9,068 Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 14,520 16,528 22|989 22, 168 10,345 161 691 25,400 15,323 19,675 37| 133 27.3 28.3 28.0 19. 4 10.6 17.0 10.3 21. 1 Percent in places of 2jS00 or morel 1900 23.5 13.5 18.5 21.6 18.4 9.5 16.5 19.6 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 18, 840 19,533 33,252 27,022 9,963 20,032 28,056 17,009 25,924 49,300 Number in 1900 18,884 19,017 28,021 27,979 10,242 20,447 28,052 18,260 19,669 45,988 Number in 1890 16,947 17,601 22,436 26,539 9,371 19,333 23,349 16,898 17, 114 42,934 Negro 65 58 171 312 86 23 19 87 19 248 Number in 1900 85 77 165 292 103 18 13 99 16 213 Number in 1890 64 68 111 246 73 26 18 136 U 173 Black 55 42 130 227 61 14 9 60 6 141 Mulatto 10 16 41 85 25 9 10 27 13 107 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) 1 9 2 1 Native white— Native parentage 16,564 17,391 14,255 25,418 7,916 14,408 24,648 9,348 22,651 40,076 Number in 1900 16, m 16,676 10,112 25,969 7,648 13,694 23, 701 8,837 18,896 39.634 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 1,753 1,658 12, 821 1,295 1,745 4,353 2,672 5,328 1,542 5,471 Number in 1900 1,948 1,772 11,356 1,565 2, 148 5,123 3,323 6,246 612 4,513 Native white— Foreign parentage 848 877 8,595 635 725 2, 422 1,388 3,528 1,004 3.102 Native white — Mixed parentage 905 781 4,226 660 1,020 1,931 1,284 1,800 538 2,369 Foreign-bom white 523 484 6,176 309 302 .’1,271 736 2,333 1,731 3,753 Number in 1900 679 669 6,553 455 446 1,630 1,028 3, 178 151 1,841 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage 87.6 88.8 42.6 93.0 78.8 71.8 87.8 54.7 87.3 80.9 Per cent in 1900 85.7 87.3 35.9 91.8 73.9 66.9 84.6 48.1 96.0 85.8 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 9.3 8.5 38.3 4.7 17.4 21.7 9.5 31.2 5.9 11.0 Per cent in 1900 10.3 9.3 40.3 5.5 20.8 25.0 11.8 34.0 3.1 9.8 Foreign-born white 2.8 2.5 18.5 1.1 3.0 6.3 2.6 13.6 6.7 7.6 Per cent in 1900 3.5 3.0 23.2 1.6 4.3 8.0 3.7 17.3 0.8 4.0 Negro 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.5 8.1 0.5 Per cent in 1900 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.1 (') 0.5 0.1 0.6 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria 1 7 290 1 5 12 4 233 585 Belgium 9 1 2 21 58 Caimda — French 1 44 1 3 3 4 2 2 45 28 227 16 22 13 50 15 80 3 6 70 2 7 5 135 20 England 102 53 528 54 131 32 64 168 178 878 7 5 18 5 14 3 5 61 31 Germany 89 289 3,729 99 150 972 504 742 126 276 Greece 23 8 25 6 2 4 7 4 4 120 1 36 1 7 5 1 1 2 53 1 2 29 141 Ireland.” 173 55 190 78 8 39 38 126 13 156 9 8 83 4 117 4 3 489 539 6 1 94 12 1 1 1 221 4 1 1 1 1 6 2 90 3 2 13 456 163 Scotland 11 9 124 5 2 7 5 27 47 286 35 6 477 7 5 4 798 2 200 Switzerland 10 2 62 7 5 25 59 2! 4 8 2 2 2 1 1 2 63 Wales 3 8 2 1 21 84 3 16 4 2 6 2 8 26 56 Native White: Both parents born inr - 11 171 6 14 4 90 299 Canada — French 2 4 8 1 8 1 14 2 3 Canada — Other 11 6 86 4 5 2 17 5 31 2 3 53 2 1 146 14 England 109 48 468 59 370 38 39 248 51 630 10 8 15 8 16 8 16 40 21 Germany 194 532 6,094 226 287 2, 165 1,027 1,261 202 489 1 3 15 1 5 6 2 2 12 33 2 1 21 71 Ireland 399 172 349 238 14 64 84 270 31 377 35 9 4 2 200 243 4 46 8 2 279 2 2 10 46 1 11 245 119 Scotland 13 11 89 6 6 4 7 35 21 199 26 6 373 4 1 1 977 197 Switzerland 5 2 34 4 2 13 87 24 4 7 All others of foreign parentage * 70 61 680 66 46 87 108 224 90 388 > Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 621 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. Total... Male Female . SEX White... Male.... Female. Negro... Male Female . MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Number in 1900. Native white— Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreim parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Negro Number in 1900 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized Having first papers Alien Unknown ILLITEBACT Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate . Per cent illiterate Per cent in 1900. . Native white^ number illiterate . Per cent illiterate Foreign-bom white, number illiterate. Per cent illiterate Negro, number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number Number Illiterate . Per cent illiterate . . Native white^ number. . Number illiterate. . . Per cent illiterate . . . Foreim-bom white, number. Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Negro, number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number Number illiterate Per cent illiterate SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Per cent attending school Number 6 to 9 years Number attending school Number 10 to 14 years Number attending school Number 15 to 17 years Number attending school Number 18 to 20 years Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white— Native parentage, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number. Number attending school Per cent attending school Foreim-bom white, number Number attending school Per cent attending school Negro, number Number attending school Per cent attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage. . Kdgar. Edwards. Effing- ham. Fayette. Ford. Franklin. Fulton. 9,780 9,126 9,745 9,095 34 31 9,934 9,657 9,905 9,628 29 29 17,022 16,410 16,938 16,314 75 96 13,979 13,357 13,834 13, 188 143 169 5,023 5,026 4,969 4,994 54 32 10, 199 9,856 10, 186 9,846 13 10 14,352 13, 723 14, .341 13,715 11 8 8,834 8,262 8,791 8,218 43 44 13,569 12,374 13,559 12,365 10 9 25, 544 24, 005 25,412 23, 888 131 117 5,729 5,672 9,827 8,085 2,739 5,559 7,387 5,061 6,873 14,953 B,S89 6,lfi7 7,863 8,977 9,667 6,914 7,119 6,990 4,649 IS, 109 4,732 4,814 3,. 330 7,290 1,781 3,219 5,952 2, ,348 5,576 11,229 i,S67 It, 696 9,979 7,317 1,699 9,906 6,670 9,306 4,360 10,733 672 562 3,205 529 760 1,601 1,016 1,432 322 1,542 619 607 9,979 697 781 1,460 986 1,944 199 1,349 384 348 2,516 284 348 1, 107 620 1,069 150 829 288 214 689 245 412 494 396 363 172 713 298 275 3,242 168 168 731 411 1,251 970 2,087 S78 398 3,967 961 946 869 568 1,649 91 977 26 21 41 96 30 8 8 30 5 94 99 S3 Ifi 100 31 8 6 98 6 67 1 9 2 1 82.6 84.9 33.9 90.2 65.0 57.9 80.6 46.4 81.1 75.1 11.7 9.9 32.6 6.5 27.7 28.8 13.8 28.3 4.7 10.3 5.2 4.8 33.0 2.1 6.1 13.1 5.6 24.7 14.1 14.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 158 200 1,925 125 132 422 278 1,008 202 916 2 3 116 9 1 10 4 34 127 143 38 23 394 7 * 2 100 12 55 458 727 100 49 807 27 33 199 117 154 183 301 127 140 124 225 88 146 477 80 486 546 2.2 2.5 1.3 2.8 3.2 2.6 6.5 1.6 7.1 3.7 S.5 S.S 9.0 6.9 4.1 6.3 7.4 9.6 11.1 4.3 96 no 18 202 81 120 427 32 297 314 1.8 2.0 0.3 . 2.6 3.2 2.5 6.1 0.8 5.0 2. 1 27 28 103 7 4 26 48 42 189 212 9.1 10.2 3.2 4.2 2.4 3.6 11.7 3.4 19.5 10.2 3 2 3 16 3 2 6 19 14,969 15, 268 26,794 21,627 7,782 15,441 20,927 13,587 18,646 38,763 255 318 298 446 167 322 988 208 1,010 1,049 1.7 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.7 1.5 5.4 2.7 14,395 14, 739 20,546 21,062 7,407 14, 156 20, 175 11, 198 17,050 34,991 206 251 49 390 153 259 864 61 696 625 1.4 1.7 0.2 1.9 2.1 1.8 4.3 0.5 4.1 1.8 522 483 6,093 308 302 1,266 734 2,316 1,580 3,572 43 61 239 22 7 63 121 138 312 391 8.2 12.6 3.9 7.1 2.3 5.0 16.5 6.0 19.7 10.9 51 46 146 255 73 19 18 73 16 199 5 6 10 34 7 3 9 2 32 6.8 13.3 16. 1 4,054 4,289 7,458 5,853 2,248 4,661 6,770 3,842 5,882 10,285 23 21 24 22 9 27 79 5 90 52 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.5 0.5 5,612 5,898 10,186 8,059 3,144 6,484 9,533 5.222 8,593 14, 363 4,008 4,070 6,671 5,663 2,325 4,482 6,641 3,474 5,599 9,931 71.4 69.0 65.5 70.3 74.0 69.1 69.7 66.5 65.2 69.1 1,558 1,609 2,728 2,206 896 1,823 2,763 1,380 2,711 4,078 1,361 1,320 2,195 1,916 772 1,543 2,231 1,060 1,783 3,525 1,863 2,009 3,474 2,690 1,062 2,264 3,231 1,744 2,754 4,693 1,754 1,822 3,142 2,517 1,013 2, 126 2,998 1,674 2,505 4,422 ,1,090 1,103 2,031 1,572 604 1,295 1,851 1,018 1,575 2,821 702 703 996 975 407 703 1,112 582 994 1,578 1,101 1,177 1,953 1,591 582 1,102 1,688 1,080 1,553 2,771 191 225 338 255 133 no 300 158 317 406 3,421 3,618 6,202 4,896 1,958 4,087 5,994 3,124 5,465 8,771 3,115 3, 142 5,337 4,433 1,785 3,669 5,229 2,734 4,288 7,947 91.1 86.8 86.1 90.5 91.2 89.8 87.2 87.5 78.5 90.6 3,218 3,380 3,228 4,747 1,836 3,543 5,648 1.982 5,000 7,643 2,928 2,926 2,814 4,297 1,669 3,192 4,925 1.691 3,992 6,928 91.0 86.6 87.2 90.5 90.9 90.1 87.2 85.3 7^8 90.6 191 230 2,844 107 109 533 341 1, 107 284 854 176 210 2,412 99 105 469 299 1,012 188 785 92.1 91.3 84.8 92.5 96.3 88.0 87.7 91.4 66.2 91.9 1 99 4 4 2 26 m 82 4 2 2 25 104 s>on 59.4 83 7 12 7 31 38 13 7 3 9 6 35 11 6 29 33 11 6 3 6 4 34 4,517 4,586 7,081 6,655 2,435 4,495 6,221 3,916 5,597 11,836 4,580 4,654 7,441 6,750 2,476 4,556 6,360 3,984 5,659 12,055 • Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 622 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. Gallatin. Greene. Grundy. Hamilton. Hancoek. Hardin. Hender- son. Henry. Iroquois. Jackson. POPULATION Total population, 1910 14,628 22,363 24,162 18,227 30,638 7,015 9,724 41,736 35, 543 35,143 1900 15,830 23,402 24, 136 20, 197 32,215 7,448 10,836 40,049 38,014 33,871 1890 14,935 23,791 21,024 17,800 31,907 7,234 9,876 33,338 35, 167 27,809 1880 12,861 23,010 16,732 16,712 35,337 6,024 10, 722 36,597 35,451 22, 505 1870 11,134 20,277 14,938 13,014 35,935 5,113 12,582 35, 566 25,782 19,634 Increase, 1900-1910 —1,208 —1,039 26 —1,970 —1,577 —433 — 1 112 1 687 —2 471 1^272 Per cent of increase -7.6 -4.4 0.1 -9.8 -4.9 -5.8 -10.3 4.2 -6.5 3.8 Increase, 1890-1900 901 -389 3,112 2,397 308 214 960 6,711 2,847 6,0«2 Per cent of increase 6.0 -1.6 , 14.8 13.5 1.0 3.0 9.7 20.1 8.1 21.8 Land area (square miles) 338 515 433 455 780 185 376 824 1,121 588 Population per square mile, 1910 43.3 43.4 55.8 40.1 39.3 37.9 25.9 50.7 31.7 59.8 Rural population per square mile, 1910 43.3 37.9 39.1 40.1 39.3 37.9 25.9 35.5 31.7 37.8 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 2,854 7,230 12,506 12, 896 Same places in 1900 2,030 6,880 11,738 9^781 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 40.6 6. 1 6.6 31.8 Rural, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910 14, 628 19,609 16,932 18,227 30,638 7,016 9,724 29,230 35,543 22,247 Same territory in 1900 15,836 21,372 17,256 20, 197 32,215 7,448 10,836 28,311 38,014 24,090 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 -ie -8.7 -1.9 -9.8 -4.9 -5.8 -10.3 3.2 -6.5 -‘1.7 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 6, 880 14, 420 2,505 9,781 Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 15,836 23,402 17,256 20, 197 32,215 7,448 10,836 25,629 35,509 24', 090 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 12.8 29.9 30.0 36.7 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 28.6 , 36.0 6.6 28.9 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 14, 022 22,300 24,081 18, 224 30,578 6,875 9,709 41,560 35,371 32,444 Number in WOO 15, 197 SS,2S0 24,035 20, 160 32, 120 7,255 10,814 39, 857 37,817 31,747 Number in 1S90 14,«74 23,622 20,989 17, 750 31,777 8,972 9,860 33,249 34,976 26,253 Negro 606 62 78 3 59 140 15 175 172 2,696 Number in 1900 6S9 118 99 37 95 195 22 191 197 2, 122 Number in 1890 eei 169 63 60 ISO 262 16 86 191 1,566 Black 482 57 65 3 43 116 9 119 161 2,008 124 5 13 16 24 8 56 11 688 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) 1 3 1 1 3 Native white — Native parentage 13,200 19, 474 7, 102 17, 335 24, 372 6,592 7,710 17,509 20,810 27,386 Number in 1900. H,ou 19,655 e,5i2 18,896 24,496 6,836 8,242 , 15, 479 19,955 26,792 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 710 2.272 10, 279 725 4,825 234 1 445 15,067 10,728 3, 879 Number in 1900 T 983 2,782 10,316 1,016 5,709 339 1,798 15,007 12,408 4,423 Native white — Foreign parentage 316 1,175 7,746 345 2,759 91 855 10, 350 6,675 1,984 Native white — Mi.xed parentage 394 1,097 2,533 380 2,066 143 590 4,717 4,053 1,895 Foreign-born white 112 554 6,700 164 1,381 49 654 8,984 3,833 1, 179 Number in 1900 190 843 7,177 248 1,915 80 774 9,371 5,454 1,622 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage 90.2 87.1 29.4 95.1 79.5 94.0 79.3 42.0 58.5 77.9 Per cent in 1900 88.7 84.0 27.1 93.6 76.0 91.8 76.1 38.6 52.5 76.1 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 4.9 10.2 42.5 4.0 15.7 3.3 14.9 36.1 30.2 11.0 Per cent in 1900 6.1 11.9 42.7 6.0 17.7 4.6 16.6 37.5 32.6 13.1 Foreign-bom white 0.8 2.5 27.7 0.9 4.5 0.7 5.7 21.5 10.8 3.4 Per cent in 1900 l.S 5.6 29.7 1.2 5.9 1.1 7.1 23.4 14. S 4.6 Negro 4.1 0.3 0.3 (') 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 7.7 Per cent in 1900 4-0 0.5 0.4 O.B O.S 2.6 0.2 0.5 0.5 6.3 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria 4 768 2 >7 13 189 20 72 Belgium 1 97 1 1, 193 86 4 Canada — French 4 9 12 1 3 316 15 Canada— other 1 12 121 6 34 2 5 105 112 32 Denmark 2 179 8 3 42 184 7 England 11 102 693 23 107 9 47 571 211 135 France 6 2 130 3 85 3 23 79 49 Germany 70 271 492 97 800 37 96 1,552 1,873 422 Greece 67 52 21 22 2 Holland 2 2 9 323 100 2 3 144 1 17 6 Ireland. 17 107 298 25 85 111 275 246 87 Italy 2 1,935 27 23 27 225 708 5 1 16 42 1 Roumania 1 3 2 3 1 220 4 628 24 31 Scotland 2 6 450 1 17 2 107 25 48 Sweden 19 236 1 50 262 3,787 323 6 1 13 28 2 54 1 15 126 10 13 34 3 2 82 1 4 32 6 28 other foreign countries 1 3 27 1 20 1 6 21 5 30 Native White: Both parents born in— 770 8 55 4 71 Canada — French 2 3 3 709 14 3 38 9 2 33 134 12 Denmark 187 1 1 28 176 3 England 12 98 720 27 123 10 61 621 288 114 13 4 57 5 107 2 33 69 88 Germany 206 60? 799 248 1,874 78 213 2,528 3,282 1,063 1 2 3 1 175 125 1 5 146 46 36 331 742 47 304 254 737 595 149 1 1,621 8 17 9 155 916 1 2 1 17 59 136 470 12 17 Scotland 12 13 500 1 29 1 4 139 31 62 11 213 47 266 4,095 367 13 2 12 17 67 8 148 7 All others of foreign parentage 2 35 93 882 14 184 2 60 1,345 667 218 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 623 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Goiitimied. SUIUECT. (lallatin. Greene. Grundy. Hamilton. Hancock. Hardin. Hender- son. Henry. Iroquois. Jackson. SEX Total.. .Male 7,596 11,470 12, 852 9,370 15, 289 3,662 5,070 21,554 18, 540 17,997 Female 7,032 10,893 11,310 8,857 15,349 3,353 4,654 20, 182 17,003 17, 146 White... Male 7,282 11,436 12, 803 9,368 15, 257 3,587 5,059 21,459 18, 4.51 16, 636 Female 6,740 10,864 11,278 8,856 15, 321 3,288 4, 650 20, 101 16,920 15,808 Negro... Male 314 33 46 2 31 75 11 94 89 1,358 Female 292 29 32 1 28 65 4 81 83 1,338 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 3,767 6,609 6,976 4,516 9,213 1,776 2,845 12, 920 10, 188 9,544 Number in 1900 S,89S 6,687 6, 970 4,733 9,396 1,769 3, 196 19,113 10,838 8,886 Native white — Native parentage 3, 245 5,376 1,608 4, 100 6,597 1,608 2,040 4,361 4,933 6,688 Number in 1900 3, 969 5, lU 1,617 4,91,3 6,374 1,565 9,948 4,085 4,915 6,084 Native white— Foreign or mi.\ed parentage 292 895 1,945 309 1,840 103 492 3,812 3, 139 1,287 Number in 1900 SS8 906 1,709 398 1,899 108 604 3, 163 9,779 1,951 Native white— Foreign parentage 153 544 1,534 168 1,163 48 316 2,875 2,336 748 Native white — Mixed parentage 139 351 411 141 677 55 176 937 803 539 Foreign-born white 55 312 3,387 107 755 29 302 4,678 2,061 702 Number in 1900 104 501 3,604 151 1,034 50 440 4,768 9,875 888 Negro 175 25 34 20 36 5 68 55 864 ''Number in 1900 169 39 38 11 96 46 4 106 76 669 1 2 1 1 3 Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 86.1 81.3 23.1 90.8 71.6 90.5 71.9 33.8 48.4 70.1 Native white — Foreign or mi.xed parentage 7.8 13.5 27.9 6.8 20.0 5.8 17.3 29.5 30.8 13.5 Foreign-born white 1.5 4.7 48.6 2.4 8.2 1.6 10.6 36.2 20.2 7.4 4.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.5 0.5 9.1 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized 29 218 2, 133 77 474 12 186 2,978 1,424 401 3 1 186 4 1 28 243 52 22 1 10 818 1 84 31 871 103 123 Unknown 22 83 250 29 193 16 57 586 482 156 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number illiterate 399 296 367 292 196 225 91 569 279 721 Per cent illiterate 10.6 4.5 5.3 6.5 2.1 12.7 3.2 4.4 2.7 7.6 Per cent in 1900 11.8 8.3 7.1 9.9 9.7 19.3 3.9 5.7 4.9 9.8 Native white, number illiterate 329 267 20 286 155 209 68 56 156 466 Per cent illiterate 9.3 4.3 0.6 6.5 1.8 12.2 2.7 0.7 1.9 5.8 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 3 28 336 6 37 5 20 508 114 75 9.0 9.9 5.6 4.9 6.6 10.9 5.5 10.7 67 1 11 4 11 3 4 9 179 Per cent illiterate 38.3 20.7 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 10,799 17,719 18, 148 13,307 24,832 5,146 7,539 33,338 27,406 26. 550 Number illiterate 872 598 752 639 346 576 153 1,236 581 1.638 Per cent illiterate 8.1 3.4 4.1 4.8 1.4 11.2 2.0 3.7 2.1 6.2 Native white, number 10, 194 17, 112 11,658 13, 142 23, 401 4,994 6,980 24, 375 23,448 23,187 Number illiterate 728 531 58 629 273 530 108 151 304 1,098 Per cent illiterate 7.1 3.1 0.5 4.8 1.2 10.6 1.5 0.6 1.3 4.7 Foreign-bom white, number 111 551 6,423 164 1,379 49 548 8,806 3,818 1, 165 Number illiterate 9 63 680 10 64 11 42 1,069 259 154 Per cent illiterate 8.1 11.4 10.6 6.1 4.6 7.7 12.1 6.8 13.2 Negro, number! 494 55 64 1 51 103 11 156 140 2, 195 135 4 14 9 35 3 15 18 385 Per cent illiterate 27.3 34.0 9.6 12.9 17.6 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 3,571 4,943 5,387 4,488 6,376 1,782 2,078 8,589 7,957 8,317 Number illiterate 95 34 53 60 23 102 11 70 25 179 Per cent illiterate 2.7 0.7 1,0 1.3 0.4 5.7 0.5 0.8 0.3 2.2 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 5,025 6,681 7,666 6,461 8,668 2,519 2,944 11,833 11,160 11,598 Number attending school 3,361 4,583 5,160 4,381 6,423 1,658 2,184 7,928 7,429 7,596 Per cent attending school 66.9 68.6 67.3 67.8 74.1 65.8 74.2 67.0 66.6 65.5 Number 6 to 9 years 1,454 1,738 2,279 1,973 2,292 737 866 3,244 3,203 3,281 Number attending school 1,153 1,431 2,008 1,366 2,024 532 774 2,818 2,510 2,521 Number 10 to 14 years' 1,568 2,235 2,527 2,095 2,853 856 981 3,904 3,741 3,799 Number attending school 1,420 2, 104 2,339 1,893 2,744 745 943 3,699 3,520 3,482 Number 15 to 17 years' 1,017 1,322 1,496 1,269 1,763 484 570 2,323 2, 147 2,308 Number attending school 595 821 683 827 1,244 291 390 1,102 1,161 1,272 Number 18 to 20 years' 986 1,386 1,364 1,124 1,760 442 527 2,362 2,069 2,210 Number attending school 193 227 130 295 411 90 77 309 238 321 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 3,022 3,973 4,806 4,068 5,145 1,593 1,847 7, 148 6,944 7,080 Number attending school 2,573 3,535 4,347 3,259 4,768 1,277 1,717 6,517 6,030 6,003 Per cent attending school 85.1 89.0 90.4 80.1 92.7 80.2 93.0 91.2 86.8 84.8 Native white — Native parentage, number 2,842 3,738 1,670 4,012 4,688 1,537 1,610 3,704 4,679 5,998 Number attending school 2,434 3,321 1,502 3,206 4,3.53 1,237 1,495 3,372 4.042 5,105 Per cent attending school 85.6 88.8 89.9 79.9 92.9 80.5 92.9 91.0 86.4 85.1 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number 62 223 2,737 56 437 15 222 3,172 2, 196 613 Number attending school 59 202 2,491 53 403 15 208 2,913 1,931 513 Per cent attending school 90.6 91.0 92.2 93.7 91 8 87.9 R.3 7 Foreim-bom white, number 4 386 8 13 248 41 25 Number attending school 4 341 4 12 211 33 18 Per cent attending school 88.3 85. 1 Negro, number 118 8 13 12 41 2 24 98 444 Number attending school 80 8 13 8 25 2 21 24 afi7 Per cent attending school 67.8 82.7 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 3.107 5,348 5,046 3,930 7,736 1,506 2.306 9,902 8, 190 7,630 Families, number 3,174 5,398 6, 151 3,962 7,861 1,531 2,338 10,077 8,231 7,856 •Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bom in different countries. 624 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS, Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. Jasper. Jeflerson. Jersey. Jo Daviess. Johnson. Kane. Kankakee. Kendall. Knox. La Salle. POPULATION Total population, 1910 18, 157 29,111 13,954 22, 657 . 14,331 91,862 40, 752 10,777 46, 159 90, 132 1900 20,1(50 28,133 14,612 24,633 15,667 78, 792 37,154 11,467 43,612 87,776 1890 18, 188 22,590 14,810 25, 101 15,013 65,061 28,732 12,106 38, 752 80, 798 1880 14,515 20,086 15,542 27,628 13,078 44,939 25,047 13,083 38,344 70,403 1870 11,234 17,864 15,054 27,820 11,248 39,091 24,352 12,399 39,522 60,792 Increase, 1900-1910 -2,003 978 -668 -1,876 -1,336 13,070 3,598 -690 2,647 2,356 Per cent of increase -9.9 3.5 -4.5 -7.6 -8.5 16.6 9.7 -6.0 5.8 2.7 Increase, 1890-1900 1,972 5,543 -198 -568 654 13, 731 8,422 -639 4,800 6,978 I’er cent of increase 10.8 24.5 -1.3 -2.3 4.4 21.1 29.3 -5.3 1^5 8.6 Land area (square miles) 508 603 367 623 348 627 668 324 711 1,146 Population per square mile, 1910 35.7 48.3 38.0 36.4 41.2 174.3 61.0 33.3 64.9 Vs. 6 Rural population per square mile, 1910 35.7 35.0 26.8 28.6 41.2 62.8 40.1 33.3 33.9 31.9 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,600 or more in 1910 8,007 4,113 4,835 64,042 13,986 22,089 53,600 5,216 3,517 6,005 52,939 13’ 595 IS 607 48 271 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 53.5 16.9 -3.4 21.0 2.9 18.7 11.0 Rural, 1910— Remainder of coimty in 1910 18,157 21,104 9,841 17, 822 14,331 27, 820 26,766 10,777 24,070 36,532 Same territory in 1900 20,100 22,917 11,095 19,528 15,667 25,853 23,559 11,467 25,005 39,505 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 -9.9 -7.9 -11.3 -8.7 -8.5 13.6 -6.0 -3.7 -V.5 5,216 3,517 5,005 52, 939 13,595 18 607 48 271 Rural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 20,100 22,917 li;095 19; 628 16,667 25,853 23', 559 11,467 25,005 39,505 27.5 29.5 21.3 69.7 34.3 47.9 59.5 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 18.5 24. 1 20.4 67.2 36.6 42.7 65.0 . . COLOR AND NATIVITY White 18,080 28, 733 13,865 22,637 14,167 91,082 40,432 10, 721 45,388 89, 815 Number in WOO 20,076 27,814 14,460 24,504 15,408 78, 165 36,916 11,424 42,758 87, 539 Number in 1890 18,084 22,420 14,653 25,043 14, 795 64,490 28,623 12,038 37,862 80,661 Negro 09 378 89 20 164 760 315 51 770 311 Number in 1900 84 S17 151 29 259 612 231 43 862 228 Number in 1890 104 170 155 68 218 668 107 68 888 119 Black 10 333 77 14 no 556 232 44 510 281 Mulatto 53 45 12 6 54 ■ 204 83 7 260 30 2 20 5 6 1 6 Native white — Native parentage 10,413 26,400 10,156 11,185 13,888 35,285 20,348 5,144 29,204 34,638 Number in 1900 17,950 25,458 9,765 10,695 15,079 28,968 14,973 5,440 26,238 30,960 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 1,429 1,793 2,976 8,657 188 34,374 13,540 3,773 10,307 35,916 Number in 1900 1,782 1,713 3,556 10,047 263 30, 012 14,326 3,928 10,312 36, 131 Native white — Foreim parentage 099 972 1,712 5,439 74 23,922 8,753 2,447 6,924 25,226 Native white — Mi.xed parentage 730 821 1,264 3,218 114 10, 452 4,787 1,326 3,383 10,690 Foreign-bom white 244 540 733 2,795 91 21,423 6,544 1,804 5,877 19, 261 Number in 1900 S94 643 1,139 3,862 66 19, 185 7,617 2,056 6,208 20,448 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage 90.4 90.7 72.8 49.4 96.9 38.4 49.9 47.7 63.3 38.4 Per cent in 1900 89.0 90.5 66.8 43.2 96.2 36.8 40. 3 47.4 60.2 35.3 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 7.9 6.2 21.3 38.2 1.3 37.4 33.2 35.0 22.3 39.8 Per cent in 1900 8.6 6.1 24.3 41.0 1.7 38.1 58. 6 34.3 23.6 41.2 Foreign-born white 1.3 1.9 5.3 12.3 0.6 23.3 16.1 16.7 12.7 21.4 Per cent in 1900 2.0 2.3 7.8 16.7 0.4 24.3 20.5 17.9 I4.H 23.3 Negro 0.4 1.3 0.6 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.7 0.3 Per cent in 1900 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 2.0 0.3 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— 6 13 31 37 518 230 6 100 2,960 1 10 434 39 5 177 0 1 2 17 136 1,071 g 14 39 Canada— Other 4 28 14 75 8 834 251 49 127 306 1 3 4 13 548 238 78 57 198 Eijgland 11 52 79 388 11 1,328 396 128 345 1,756 9 4 6 48 144 106 7 18 334 Germany 183 359 364 1,408 20 7,464 2,188 416 256 6,004 2 2 5 163 49 2 44 65 Holland 1 1 53 1 73 135 2 4 22 2 3 1 979 30 14 336 Ireland.". 19 18 193 357 10 1,058 452 68 422 1,463 1 2 134 322 255 56 198 1,387 1 1 15 543 180 764 26 i;284 1 5 629 2 11 14 2 15 1,081 345 16 44 1,213 Scotland 2 7 7 29 1 340 103 51 139 031 Sweden 4 15 12 48 1 4,201 352 120 3,877 693 Switzerland 1 8 23 93 1 346 78 12 19 82 1 4 21 3 75 104 W'alesr 2 9 2 29 1 165 11 16 8 131 1 8 2 17 96 30 4 85 65 Native Wihte: Both parents born in— % 1 11 26 27 257 128 1 2 2,389 9 20 198 1,970 13 5 46 2 7 6 34 297 '237 19 53 89 1 5 9 435 228 72 36 129 England 20 49 96 799 10 1,086 302 108 290 1,651 33 12 9 42 103 67 5 20 361 Germany 531 716 934 2,758 29 11,594 3,396 730 677 10,185 1 4 23 51 187 1 2 26 114 2 3 214 Ireland.'. 48 58 460 973 20 2,175 909 150 1,083 3,664 1 2 1 106 92 1 41 640 2 3 14 428 125 865 15 1,553 7 1 40(> 136 7 20 667 Scotland 1 8 15 34 1 325 52 50 144 698 6 5 14 1 3,915 184 64 4,298 618 9 8 23 95 208 48 11 1 38 All others of foreign parentage* 45 80 120 595 13 2,224 630 284 334 2,308 • Native whites having both parents born In countries other than spocUled, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born In diHureut countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 625 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT. Jasper. Jefferson. Jersey. Jo Daviess. Joimson. Kane. Kankakee. Kendaii. Knox. Iai Salle. SEX Total.. .Male 9,324 14,787 7,243 11,559 7,327 46, 603 20,917 5,595 23,550 46,715 Female 8,833 14,324 6,711 11,098 7,004 45,259 19,835 5,182 22, 609 43,417 White... Male 9,288 14,608 7,197 11,5.51 7,231 46,211 20,746 5, .561 23,163 46,550 Female 8,798 14, 125 6,668 11,086 6,936 44,871 19,686 5,160 22,225 43, 265 Negro. . . Male 35 179 46 8 96 374 166 29 386 159 Female 34 199 43 12 68 386 149 22 384 152 MAXES OF VOTING AGE Total number 4,727 7,668 4,247 7,113 3,635 28,684 12,615 3,382 14,723 26,947 Number in 1900 i,874 7,031 4,078 7,168 3,636 23,016 11,100 3,402 13,046 25,226 Native white — Native parentage 3,997 6,638 2,601 2,324 3,436 9,510 4,807 1,303 8,378 8,325 Number in 1900 4,076 6,106 2,298 2,068 3,445 7,790 3,519 1,372 7,254 7,611 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 564 615 1,211 3,197 81 7,862 4,282 1,094 2,943 8,538 Number in 1900 556 479 1,133 3,133 86 5,823 3,619 978 2,395 7,402 Native white— Foreign parentage 331 358 810 2,338 36 6,014 3,195 810 2,170 6,525 Native white — Mixed parentage 233 257 401 859 45 1,848 1,087 284 773 2,013 Foreim-born white 146 309 405 1,586 68 11,072 3,396 964 3, 131 9,974 Number in 1900 219 356 608 1,956 38 9,204 3,865 1,039 3,098 10,230 Negro 19 106 30 6 50 223 125 19 270 104 Number in 1900 23 88 38 11 67 185 90 13 297 74 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 1 17 5 2 1 6 Pee Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 84.6 86.6 61.2 32.7 94.5 33.2 38.1 38.5 56.9 30.9 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 11.9 8.0 28.5 44.9 2.2 27.4 33.9 32.3 20.0 31.7 Foreign-bom white 3.1 4.0 9.5 22.3 1.9 38.6 26.9 28.5 21.3 37.0 Negro 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.4 Citizenship of Foreign-Bokn White. Naturalized 120 223 287 1,126 15 6,075 1,908 630 1,980 6,103 Having first papers 6 7 52 656 69 30 130 409 Alien *. . .' 1 12 7 237 40 2,363 337 135 472 2,337 Unknown .' 25 68 104 171 13 1,978 1,082 169 549 1,125 ILLITERACY Illiteeate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate 211 379 222 169 250 838 585 67 328 1,463 Per cent illiterate 4.5 4.9 •• 5.2 2.4 6.9 2.9 4.6 2.0 2.2 5.4 Per cent in 1900 5.8 9.0 7.5 2.8 12.8 4.7 7.4 4.7 3.6 6.1 Native white, number illiterate 191 341 173 62 235 65 191 11 97 180 Per cent illiterate 4.2 4.7 4.5 1.1 6.7 0.4 2.1 0.5 0.9 1.1 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 16 17 43 107 2 742 370 52 211 1,269 Per cent illiterate 11.0 5.5 10.6 6.7 6.7 10.9 5.4 6.7 12.7 Negro, number illiterate 4 21 6 13 27 24 3 20 14 'Per cent illiterate 19.8 12.1 19.2 7.4 13.5 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 13,563 21,818 11,185 18, 447 10,521 75, 865 32, 309 8,729 38,036 70,731 Number Illiterate 401 748 450 354 620 1,880 1,137 149 694 2,995 Percent illiterate 3.0 3.4 4.0 1.9 5.9 2.5 3.5 1.7 1.8 4.2 Native white, number 13,274 20,973 10,376 15,645 10,297 54,210 25,577 6,883 31,564 51,701 Number illiterate 366 663 324 133 585 160 337 18 162 367 Per cent illiterate 2.8 3.2 3.1 0.9 5.7 . 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 Foreign-bom white, number 243 535 729 2,784 89 20,976 6,461 1,798 5,812 18,767 Number illiterate 29 40 109 219 4 1,665 751 127 481 2,600 Per cent illiterate 11.9 7.5 15.0 7 9 7.9 11.6 7.1 8.3 13.9 Negro, number 44 310 80 18 135 659 266 44 659 257 Number illiterate 6 45 17 2 31 51 49 3 51 28 Percent illiterate 14.5 23.0 7.7 18.4 7.7 10.9 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 4,380 6,813 3,055 4,644 3,539 19,381 8,219 2,282 9,317 19,616 Number illiterate 34 36 24 16 69 92 59 13 54 177 Percent illiterate 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.3 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years. Inclusive 6,204 9,650 4,152 6,345 5,012 25, 707 11,446 3,098 12,427 26,957 Number attending school 4,605 6,764 2,732 4,457 3,700 15,945 7,211 2,052 8.132 16,565 Per cent attending school 74.2 70.1 65.8 70.2 73.8 62.0 63.0 66.2 65.4 61.4 Number 6 to 9 years 1,824 2,837 1,097 1,701 1,473 6,326 3,227 816 3,110 7,341 Number attending school 1,500 2,286 852 1,515 1,180 5,107 2,623 680 2,317 5,894 Number 10 to 14 years. 2,172 3, 196 1,384 2,128 1,602 8,327 3,603 1,043 4,152 8,543 Number attending school 2,080 3,004 1,290 2,030 1,524 7,488 3,354 975 3,866 7,904 Number 15 to 17 years 1, 1.59 1,920 855 1,296 1,025 5,498 2,257 615 2,502 5,351 Number attending school 789 1,175 481 725 744 2,598 999 325 1,462 2,219 Number 18 to 20 years 1,049 1,697 816 1,220 912 5,556 2,359 624 2,663 5,722 Number attending school 236 299 109 187 252 752 235 72 487 548 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 3,996 6,033 2,481 3,829 3,075 14,653 6,830 1,859 7,262 15,884 Number attending school 3,580 5,290 2, 142 3,545 2,704 12,595 5,977 1,655 6, 183 13, 798 Per cent attending school 89.6 87.7 86.3 9^6 87.9 86.0 8/. 5 89.0 85.1 86.9 Native white — Native parentage, number 3,827 5,659 2,200 2,863 3,039 6,489 4,596 1,068 5,128 7,535 Number attending school 3,422 4,979 1,895 2,652 2,674 5,637 4,038 957 4,372 6,640 Per cent attending school 89.4 88.0 86.1 92.6 88.0 86.9 87.9 89.6 85.3 88.1 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number 154 297 262 945 11 7,431 2,077 767 1,929 7,568 Number attending school 144 252 229 876 10 6,401 1,814 679 1,665 6,513 Per cent attending school 93.5 84.8 87 4 99 . 7 S6 1 87 % 88 .<1 Sfi.a K8 1 Foreign-bom white, number 11 2 18 593 123 14 104 722 Number attending school 7 2 14 438 96 9 73 593 Per cent attending school 73 9 78 n 70 2 82 1 Negro, number 15 66 17 3 25 139 34 7 101 59 Number attending school 14 52 16 3 20 118 29 7 73 52 Per cent attending school 84.9 72.3 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 4,079 6,648 3,228 5,475 3,059 19,191 8,291 2,613 10,964 19,388 Families, number 4,103 6,741 3,283 5,538 3,100 20,668 8,684 2,629 11,403 20,069 626 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Tahi.e I.— composition AND CIIARAcrTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. ^ Lake. Lawrence. Lee. Living- ston. Logan. Mc- Donough. McIIenry. McLean. Macon. Macoupin. POPULATION Total population, 1910 55,058 22,661 27,750 40,465 30.216 26,887 32. 509 68. 008 54,186 50, 685 1000 34, 504 16,523 29,894 42,035 28,(i80 28,412 29,769 67,843 44,003 42,256 1890 24,235 14,093 26, 187 38,4,55 25, 489 27, 467 26,114 03,036 38,083 40,380 1880 21,296 13,663 27,491 38,4.50 25,0.37 27,970 24,908 60,100 30,665 37,692 1870 21,014 12,533 27,171 31,471 23,053 26,509 23, 762 53,988 26, 481 32,726 Increase, 1900-1910 20, 5.54 6,138 -2,144 -1,570 1,536 -1,525 2,750 165 10,183 8,429 Per cent of increase .• 59.6 37.1 -7.2 -3.7 5.4 -5.4 9.2 0.2 23.1 19.9 Increase, 1890-1900 10,269 1,830 3,707 3,580 3,191 945 3,045 4,807 5,920 1,876 Per cent of increase 42.4 12.5 14.2 9.3 12.5 3.4 14.0 7.6 15.5 4.6 Land area (square miles) 455 3.58 742 1,043 617 588 620 1,191 585 860 Population per square mile, 1910 121.0 63.3 37.4 38.8 49.0 45.7 52.4 57.1 92.6 58.9 Rural population per square mile, 1910 51.3 40.7 27.7 30.6 31.3 31.5 40.6 32.1 39.4 40.1 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910— Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 31,722 5,938 7,216 8,595 10,892 8,393 7,339 29, 792 31,140 16, 165 Same places in 1900 15, 597 1,787 7,917 6,453 8,902 7,865 5,104 27,081 20,754 11,503 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 103.4 232.3 -8.9 33.2 21.5 6.7 43.8 ib.o 50.0 40.5 Rural, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910 23,336 16,723 20, 534 31.870 19,324 18, 494 25,170 38,216 23,04() 34, 520 Same territory in 1900 18,907 14,736 21,977 35,582 19,718 20, 547 24,655 40,762 23,249 30, 753 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 23.4 13.5 -6.G -10.4 -2.0 -10.0 2.1 -6.2 -0.9 12.2 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 12,232 7,917 4,266 8,962 5, 375 5,104 27.081 20, 754 9,223 Rural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 22,272 16, 523 21,977 37, 769 19,718 23,037 24,655 40,762 23,249 33,033 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 57.6 26.2 20.0 21.2 36.0 31.2 22.6 43.8 57.5 31.9 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 35.5 20.5 10.1 31.2 18.9 17.2 39.9 47.2 21.8 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 54,547 22 372 27,688 40,068 29,836 26, 762 32,476 06,883 53,270 50,499 Number in 1900 3^,318 16,251 29,823 41,532 28,366 28, 232 29,735 66,778 45,344 41,947 Number in 1890 24, 132 14,311 26, 121 38,098 25,205 27,280 26,069 62,085 37,468 39,881 Negro 491 289 62 397 377 123 29 1,118 906 186 Number in 1900 185 272 70 498 314 180 34 1,057 658 S06 Number in 1890 102 382 63 353 281 186 45 934 605 499 Black 339 229 56 323 325 72 20 848 588 165 Mulatto 152 60 6 74 52 51 9 270 318 21 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) 20 • 3 2 4 7 10 Native white — Native parentage 20,956 21,199 16,761 22, 112 19,780 23,542 14,507 46,660 42,545 28,839 Number in 1900 13,311 15,302 16,503 20,717 18,383 24, 132 13,249 44,366 33,430 25,858 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 19,003 982 7,973 12,910 7,081 2,419 12,222 13,993 7,536 13,671 Number in 1900 12,787 811 9,436 I4,W 6,962 2,998 10,700 15,141 6,944 10,896 Native white — Foreign parentage 12,848 366 5,018 8,3.33 4,476 1,289 8,284 8,929 4,530 9,165 Native white — Mixed parentage 6,155 616 2,955 4,577 2,605 1,130 3,938 5,064 3,006 4,506 Foreign-bom white 14,588 191 2,954 5,046 2,975 801 5,747 6,230 3, 189 7,989 Number in 1900 8,218 138 3,894 6,374 3,021 1,102 6,786 7,371 2,980 5, 194 Per Cent of Tot.al Population. Native white — Native parentage 38.1 93.5 60.4 54.6 65.5 87.6 44.6 68.6 78.5 56.9 Per cent in 1900 38.6 92.6 55.2 49.3 64. 1 84. 9 44- S 65.2 75.9 61.2 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 34.5 4.3 28.7 31.9 23.4 9.0 37.0 20.6 13.9 27.0 Per cent in 1900 37.1 4.9 SI. 6 34.4 24. s 10.6 36.0 22. S IS. 8 25.8 Foreign-bom white 26.5 0.8 10.6 12.5 9.8 3.0 17.7 9.2 5.9 15.8 Per cent in 1900 23.8 0.8 13.0 15.2 10.5 3.9 19.4 10.9 6.S 12.3 Negro 0.9 1.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.1 1.6 1.7 0.4 Per cent in 1900 0.5 1.6 0.2 ■ 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.1 1.6 1.5 0.7 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria 1,752 3 38 281 159 5 304 73 35 1,612 127 1 1 14 1 3 4 6 21 79 1 11 12 4 17 19 18 4 Canada — Other 704 28 164 86 34 19 156 165 132 49 Denmark 470 2 64 395 7 2 222 29 22 10 England '. 1,348 25 200 587 217 271 298 497 308 816 France 62 5 59 81 17 6 16 82 23 51 Germany 2,713 62 1,172 1,814 1,701 149 2,932 3, 172 1,909 2,734 Greece 91 5 32 15 5 5 9 40 26 Holland 230 5 17 12 2 55 24 11 6 Hungary 194 98 25 141 2 10 160 3 312 Ireland.'. 789 40 484 574 314 90 538 834 363 299 535 88 297 49 12 187 114 49 881 319 277 152 11 1 107 27 13 16 23 4 3 3 7 7 1 Rus,sia 1,912 5 13 62 112 10 109 79 59 441 Scotland 371 8 45 158 50 56 95 136 76 514 Sweden 1,647 3 118 118 42 144 543 489 54 14 Switzerland 105 3 88 276 8 5 27 157 42 68 Turkey 294 5 8 3 1 2 09 1 27 Wales." 41 2 5 32 4 8 26 34 6 59 Other foreign countries 782 3 10 22 11 4 25 50 19 28 Native White: Both parents born in — 946 11 354 93 1 251 34 19 1,071 74 4 7 23 24 21 2 1 Canada — Other 225 7 87 35 10 7 58 27 39 14 Denmark 346 2 42 382 5 1 138 10 11 4 England 914 21 198 688 109 319 336 402 252 MU France '. 41 9 118 99 15 18 35 87 23 43 Germany 4,380 139 2,418 3,247 2,976 319 4,763 4,897 2,683 4,330 120 2 - 2 42 2 19 n 7 9 54 14 18 59 5 38 4 276 Ireland.'. 1,482 114 1,228 1,563 612 231 1,200 1,850 853 687 104 12 213 24 21 12 15 476 225 300 229 31 1 151 14 11 3 Ru.ssia 8r,i 3 7 72 100 4 36 43 30 289 Scotland 252 12 40 109 70 94 123 121 82 293 Sweden 1,095 1 108 80 88 141 482 544 03 13 Switzerland 34 3 56 230 12 11 22 122 34 37 All others of foreign parentage ' 1,086 49 358 889 270 142 560 C90 402 776 1 Native whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in dillorent countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 02 7 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT. Lake. Lawrence. Lee. Living- ston. Logan. Mc- Donough. McHenry. Mcl>ean. Macon. Macoupin. SEX Total. ..Male 29,651 11,802 14,084 20,988 15,461 13,479 16,987 34,061 27,379 26,293 Female 26,507 10,869 13, 666 19,477 14,765 13,408 15,522 33,947 26, 807 24, 392 Wluto...Malo 29,303 11,665 14,053 20,705 15,266 13,416 16,966 33,488 26,911 26,211 Female 25,244 10,707 13,635 19,363 14,570 13,346 15,510 33,395 26,359 24,288 Negro... Male 230 137 31 283 192 62 17 566 458 82 Female 201 152 31 114 185 61 12 552 448 104 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 18.408 6,616 8,602 11,961 8,740 7,934 10,087 20,459 16,396 14,750 Nuvtber in 1900 10,900 4,^2 9,011 11,969 8,247 8,157 9,191 19,893 12,620 11,636 Native white— Native parentage 5,908 5,900 4,269 5,336 5,153 6,626 3,738 12, 773 12,245 7.131 Number in 1900 S,S97 3,768 4,352 4,976 4,814 6,592 3,582 12,222 9,145 6,245 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 4,565 450 2,670 3,873 1,983 844 3,225 4, 138 2, .307 3,403 Number in 1900 5,m S57 2,669 3,494 1,750 925 2,582 3,648 1,864 2,581 Native white — Foreign parentage 3,200 193 1,936 2,821 1,412 500 2,466 3,007 1,495 2,453 Native white— Mixed parentage 1,305 257 734 1,052 571 344 759 1, 131 812 950 Foreign-born white 7,753 113 1,539 2,604 1,493 424 3,107 3,183 1,538 4,163 Number in 1900 4, SOS 78 1,963 3,322 1,592 587 3,015 3,690 1,405 2, 717 Negro 104 93 24 148 108 39 13 358 295 53 Number in 1900 72 79 26 173 91 53 12 325 203 89 18 3 1 4 7 10 Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 32.1 90.1 50.2 44.6 59.0 83.5 37.1 62.4 74.7 48.3 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 24.8 6.8 31.4 32.4 22.7 10.6 32.0 20.2 14.1 23.1 Foreign-born white 42.1 1.7 18.1 21.8 17.1 5.3 30.8 15.6 9.4 28.2 Negro 0.9 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.1 1.7 1.8 0.4 Citizenship of Foe{:ign-Born WiniE. Naturalized 3,251 69 1,123 1,833 935 277 2,150 2, 166 947 2, 147 Having first papers 545 2 24 50 69 5 121 84 74 476 Alien 2,608 5 236 339 92 22 446 319 142 900 Unknown 1,349 37 156 382 397 120 390 614 375 640 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Uliterate 997 220 167 283 433 183 198 346 363 779 Per cent illiterate 5.4 3.3 2.0 2.4 5.0 2.4 2.0 1.7 2.2 5.3 Per cent in 1900 6.6 8.3 2.4 3.6 6.0 2.8 2.6 4-4 3. 3 4.9 Native white, number illiterate 51 203 54 87 322 140 34 1 201 233 275 Percent illiterate 0.5 3.2 0.8 0.9 4.5 1.9 0.5 1.2 1.6 2.6 Foreign-born white, number illiterate 934 7 109 171 92 38 160 114 89 491 Per cent illiterate 12.0 6.2 7.1 6.6 6.2 9.0 5.1 3.6 5.8 11.8 Negro, number illiterate 12 10 4 25 19 10 1 31 37 13 7.3 16.9 17.6 8.7 12.5 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 43,819 17,090 22,461 32, 101 23,946 21,536 25,889 55, 135 43,657 38, 789 Number illiterate 1,763 463 318 636 1,206 369 394 767 757 1,558 Per cent illiterate 4.0 2.7 1.4 2.0 5.0 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.7 4.0 Native white, number 29,233 16,683 19,475 26,784 20,768 20,644 20, 185 48,051 39,793 31,083 Number ilUterate 113 434 95 180 945 286 67 405 474 540 Per cent illiterate ! 0.4 2.6 0.5 0.7 4.6 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.7 Foreim-born white, number 14, 147 188 2,922 4,903 2,874 785 5,674 6, 152 3,082 7,547 Number illiterate 1,613 12 215 414 217 66 322 279 201 988 Per cent illiterate 11.4 6.4 7.4 8.3 7.6 8.4 5.7 4.5 6.5 13.1 Negro, number 419 219 54 354 301 105 26 925 772 159 Number illiterate 37 17 8 42 44 17 2 83 78 30 8.8 7.8 11.9 14.6 16.2 9.0 10.1 18.9 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 10,618 4,833 0,886 9,119 7,088 5,602 6,821 14,478 11,527 11,029 Number illiterate 151 49 10 23 371 14 26 57 40 87 Per cent illiterate 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 5.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 14,894 6,895 7,987 12,286 9,606 7,652 9,370 19,402 15.653 15.552 Number attending school 9,324 4,826 6,696 8,386 6,327 5,678 5,907 12,995 10,171 10, 783 Per cent attending school , 62.6 70.0 70.1 08.3 65.9 74.2 63.0 67.0 65.0 69.3 Number 6 to 9 years 4,276 2,062 2,101 3,167 2,518 2,050 2,549 4,924 4, 126 4,523 Number attending school 3,378 1,628 1,831 2,623 2,114 1,812 1,980 4,101 3,539 3,763 Number 10 to 14 years 4,753 2,225 2,636 3,909 3,281 2,565 3,168 6,443 5,006 5,240 Number attending school 4,339 2,094 2,556 3,699 2,955 2,456 2,861 5,938 4, ()ol 4,967 Number 15 to 17 years 2,815 1,277 1,614 2,424 1,918 1,498 1,851 3,945 3,134 3,000 Number attending school 1,313 850 943 1,414 962 1,076 842 2,205 1,543 1,694 Number 18 to 20 years 3,050 1,331 1,636 2,786 1,889 1,539 1,802 4,090 3,387 2, 789 Number attending school 294 253 265 650 296 334 224 751 438 359 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 9,029 4,287 4,737 7,076 5,799 4,615 5,717 11,367 9,132 9,703 Number attending school 7,717 3,722 4,387 6,322 5,069 4,268 4,841 10,0.39 8, 190 8,730 Per cent attending school 85.5 86.8 92.6 89.3 87.4 92.5 84.7 88.3 89.7 89.4 Native white — Native parentage, number 4.271 4,167 3,556 4,708 4,246 4,308 2,971 8,772 7,670 6, 459 Number attending school 3,697 3,627 3,296 4,183 3,749 3,985 2,528 7,096 6,876 5,765 Per cent attending school 86.6 87.0 92.7 88.8 88.3 92.5 85.1 87.7 89.6 89.3 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number 4,103 68 1,123 2,227 1,349 271 2,621 2, .300 1,203 2,716 Number attending school 3,476 58 1,039 2,010 1.153 250 2,215 2, 102 1,092 2,450 Per cent attending school 84.7 92.5 90.3 85.6 92.3 84.5 91.4 90.8 90.2 Foreim-bom white, number 592 8 61 95 151 20 124 113 129 548 Number attending school 492 7 47 87 123 17 98 103 113 480 Per cent attending school 83.1 81.5 79.0 91.2 87.0 87.6 Negro, number “ 63 44 7 46 53 15 1 182 130 40 Number attending school 52 30 5 42 . 44 15 138 109 35 Per cent attending school 75.8 83.8 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 10,655 5, 116 6,511 9, 183 6,500 6,706 7,260 15,844 12,474 11,381 Families, number 11,619 5; 310 6,626 9,263 6,594 6,805 7,491 16,313 12,969 11,666 628 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. Madison. Marlon. Marsliall. Mason. Massac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Mont- gomery. Morgan. POPULATION Total population, 1910 89,847 35,094 15, 679 17,377 14,200 12,796 19,723 13, 508 35,311 34,426 1900 64,694 30, 446 16,370 17, 491 13,110 14,336 20, 945 13,847 30,836 35,006 1890 51,535 24,341 13,653 16,067 11,313 13,120 18,545 12,948 30,003 32,636 1880 60,126 23,686 15,055 16,242 10, 443 13,024 19,502 13,682 28,078 31,514 1870 44,131 20,622 16,956 16, 184 9,581 11,735 18,769 12,982 25,314 28,463 Increase, 1900-1910 25, 153 4,648 -691 -114 1,090 -1,540 - 1,222 -339 4,475 -588 Per cent of Increase 38.9 15.3 -4.2 -0.7 8.3 -10.7 -5.8 -2.4 14.5 -1.7 Increase, 1890-1900 13, 159 6,105 2,717 1,424 1,797 1,216 2,400 899 833 2,370 Per cent of increase 25.5 25.1 19.9 8.9 15.9 9.3 12.9 6.9 2.8 7.3 Land area (square miles) 737 569 396 655 240 317 540 389 689 576 Population per square mile, 1910 121.9 61.7 39.6 31.3 69.2 40.4 36.5 34.7 51.2 59.8 Rural population per square mile, 1910 48.3 40.6 39.6 25.0 39.8 32.2 36.5 34.7 37.6 33.1 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 64,280 12,020 3,625 4,655 2,687 9,396 16,326 Same places in 1900 35' 186 8,224 3 268 4,069 2,807 7,855 la' 078 Per cent of Increase, 1900-1910 5^3 46.2 7.9 14.4 -l8 19.6 i.6 Rural, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910 36, 667 23,074 15,679 13,852 9,545 10,209 19,723 13, 608 26,916 19,094 Same territory In 1900 29,508 22,222 16,370 14,223 9,041 11,529 20,945 13,847 22,981 19,928 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 20.5 3.8 -4.2 - 2.6 6.6 -li.4 -5.8 -2.4 12.8 -4.2 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more In 1900 25,510 6,582 2,629 3,268 4,069 2,807 5,918 15,078 Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 39', 184 23; 864 13,741 14,223 9; 041 li;529 20,945 13,847 24,918 19; 928 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 60. 4 34.3 20.3 32. S 20.2 26.6 44.5 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 39.4 21.6 16.1 18.7 31.0 19.6 19.2 43.1 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 86, 689 34.442 15,635 17,366 11,616 12,689 19,682 13,495 35,073 33,052 Number in 1900 61.861 99.994 18,963 17,473 10 . 94 s 14,903 90, 798 13,894 30,669 33,898 Number in 1890 49,088 93,948 13,634 16,037 9,769 13,033 18,618 19,896 99, 794 31,830 Negro 3,146 651 41 10 2,584 107 34 13 238 1,361 Number in 1900 9,817 699 114 18 9,154 133 143 93 971 1,179 Number in 1890 9,449 390 17 99 1,647 86 99 63 979 996 Black 2,648 326 18 10 1.440 77 29 2 193 800 498 325 23 1, 144 30 5 11 45 561 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables land 16) 12 1 3 1 7 7 Native white— Native parentage 44,385 29,338 8,085 13,491 10,082 9,327 12,970 7,622 25,203 24,772 Number in 1900 99,934 96, ISO 8,039 19,870 9, 187 9,933 13,390 6,391 99,359 94,033 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 26, 758 3,565 4,845 2,952 1,275 2,315 4,490 4,772 6,510 6,290 Number in 1900 93, 714 3,466 6,076 3,363 1,419 9,733 4,849 6,909 6,098 7,097 Native white — Foreign parentage 16,721 2,048 3,411 1,649 711 1,397 2,760 2,893 4,068 3,422 Native white — Mixed parentage 10,037 1,517 1,434 1,303 564 918 1,730 1,879 2,442 2,868 Foreign-bom white 15,546 1,539 2,705 923 259 1,047 2,222 1,101 3,360 1,990 Number in 1900 8,913 1,339 S, 138 1,960 S44 1,637 9,688 1.694 9,189 9,698 Per Cent or Total Population. Native white— Native parentage 49.4 83.6 51.6 77.6 71.0 72.9 65.8 56.4 71.4 72.0 Per cent in 1900 46.9 89.6 49.1 73.5 70.1 69.3 63.9 46.6 79.6 68.7 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 29.8 10.2 30.9 17.0 9.0 18.1 22.8 35.3 18.4 18.3 Per cent in 1900 56.7 11.3 31.0 19.9 10.8 19.1 93.1 49.7 19.6 90.3 Foreign-bom white 17.3 4.4 17.3 5.3 1.8 8.2 11.3 8.2 9.5 5.8 Per cent in 1900 13.8 4-4 19.9 7.1 9.6 10.7 19.3 11.6 7.1 7.7 Negro 3.5 1.9 0.3 0.1 18.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 4.0 Per cent in 1900 4-4 1.7 0.7 0.1 16. 4 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 3.3 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Barnin— 2 757 47 321 1 16 120 6 358 18 53 18 10 2 4 10 6 19 2 25 7 2 1 3 7 7 Canada— Other 135 44 48 20 7 34 37 3 50 57 27 15 14 33 6 1 7 England 830 131 131 72 14 102 329 9 556 483 France 165 32 32 7 1 9 4 8 40 10 Germany 4,523 697 717 667 222 515 182 908 1,002 567 217 5 1 3 2 2 37 45 6 Holland 26 13 3 14 1 27 4 5 4 961 6 5 2 3 14 2 128 29 Ireland.'. 477 60 197 69 3 68 180 49 296 401 879 189 660 1 6 51 402 17 Norway 10 2 3 2 1 10 3 1 1 8 61 1 4 Russia 1,212 142 144 11 1 76 14 4 132 43 Scotland 190 49 116 6 1 33 93 6 207 38 Sweden 70 12 273 27 3 128 1,065 3 19 68 Switzerland 575 38 11 7 3 1 10 7 4;» 21 1, 182 5 1 46 7 6 294 10 9 4 1 35 27 7 Other foreign countries 877 17 7 4 1 5 37 5 15 191 Native White: Both parents born in — 1.294 47 234 3 1 71 2 151 13 5 3 1 2 1 11 35 11 3 8 1 13 18 6 10 10 13 10 19 1 4 England 796 109 150 67 13 70 308 39 285 625 France 149 40 30 9 1 4 1 11 20 11 Germany 9, 121 1,144 1,366 1,267 628 802 421 2,560 2.037 1,095 Holland 9 12 3 5 1 3 6 2 2 4 258 6 1 1 5 13 118 Ireland 1,259 148 454 144 12 156 436 186 560 825 499 115 372 5 3 6 2 214 7 8 1 1 1 20 7 3 4 717 92 149 2 74 6 79 45 Scotland 137 42 131 14 4 22 82 4 109 41 Sweden 43 5 278 23 1 106 1. 1.50 1 15 75 715 31 7 2 1 14 7 40 10 All others of foreign parentage > 1,666 229 217 102 44 97 220 79 428 642 * Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than spociflcd, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bora in dilTorcnt countries. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 629 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT. Madison. Marion. Marshall. Mason. • Massac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Mont- gomery. Morgan. SEX 48,763 17,886 8,253 8,997 7,269 6,609 10, 340 7,104 18,128 17, 064 Female 41,084 17,208 7,426 8,380 6,931 6, 187 9,383 6,404 17, 183 17,366 While... Male 47,068 17,555 8, 227 8,989 5,945 6,554 10,319 7,099 18,005 16,369 Female 39, 621 16,887 7,408 8,377 5,671 6, 1.35 • 9,303 6,396 17,068 16,683 Negro, . . Male 1,683 330 23 7 1,324 55 17 5 123 679 Female 1,463 321 18 3 1,260 52 17 8 115 682 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 29, 252 9,775 4,786 5,173 3,999 3,763 6,196 3,853 10,376 10,351 liumberin 1900 18, 7 £9 8,060 4,972 6,066 8,409 4,068 6,287 S,fi7S 8,436 10,167 Native white — Native parentage 10, 533 7,746 2,093 3,601 2,540 2,548 3,687 1,174 6,465 0,633 NmnbeT in 1900 6, no 6,268 2, 128 S,S72 2,160 2,626 8,617 628 6,680 6,808 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 8,414 1,050 1,261 1,057 547 613 1,256 2,0.32 2,067 2,267 Number in 1900 6,776 908 1,140 994 628 684 1,176 2,067 1,666 2,161 Native white — Foreim parentage 6,006 654 929 702 363 400 870 1,436 1,452 1,465 Native white — Mixed parentage 2,408 396 332 3.55 184 213 386 596 615 802 Foreign-bom white 9,247 808 1,416 510 133 668 1,238 645 1,772 1,000 Number in 1900 4,88S 741 1,667 688 176 818 1,886 872 1,179 1,862 Negro 1,046 170 13 4 779 34 14 2 71 445 ~ Number in 1900 8S4 w S4 6 647 86 66 6 69 840 12 1 3 1 1 6 Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 36.0 79.2 43.7 69.6 63.5 67.7 59.5 30.5 62.3 64.1 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 28.8 10.7 26.3 20.4 13.7 16.3 20.3 52.7 19.9 21.9 Foreign-bora white 31.6 8.3 29.6 9.9 3.3 15.1 20.0 16.7 17.1 9.7 Negro 3.6 1.7 0.3 0.1 19.5 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.7 4.3 Citizenship of Foreion-Born White. Naturalized 3,346 473 914 356 93 421 763 445 924 560 Having first papers 655 34 54 10 15 16 69 8 156 14 Alien 3,905 112 294 16 1 68 151 57 414 37 Unknown 1,341 189 154 128 24 73 255 135 278 389 ILLITERACY • Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate 1,217 341 226 166 322 die 110 87 405 461 Per cent illiterate 4.2 3.5 4.7 3.2 8.1 3.1 1.8 2.3 3.9 4.5 Per cent in 1900 i.i 4.6 S.6 8.7 10.9 4-8 8.1 6.8 6.6 6.7 Native white, number illiterate 318 287 49 133 120 87 64 65 266 272 Per cent illiterate 1.7 3.3 1.5 2.9 3.9 2.8 1.3 2.0 3.1 3.1 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 781 42 175 33 3 23 45 22 124 101 Per cent illiterate 8.4 5.2 12.4 6.5 2.3 4.0 3.6 3.4 7.0 10.1 117 12 2 199 6 1 15 85 11.2 7.1 25.5 19.1 Persons lo Years Old and Over. Total number 70, 664 26,847 12,258 13,688 10,880 10,098 15,769 10,414 27,484 28,304 Number Illiterate 2,438 695 441 381 748 240 212 181 799 914 Per cent illiterate 3.5 2.6 3.6 2.8 6.9 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.9 3.2 Native white, number 53,158 24, 856 9,609 12, 763 8,588 8,978 13, 554 9,304 24,112 25, 193 Number illiterate 690 588 108 294 303 169 104 122 492 496 Per cent illiterate 1.3 2.4 1.1 2.3 3.5 1.9 0.8 1.3 2.0 2.0 Foreign-bom white, number 14,995 1,482 2,615 914 259 1,025 2,180 1,099 3,174 1,968 Number illiterate 1,463 86 328 87 13 65 105 58 273 233 Per cent illiterate 9.8 5.8 12.5 9.5 5.0 6.4 4.8 5.3 8.6 11.8 Negro, number 2,499 508 31 10 2,033 95 30 11 198 1,136 Number illiterate 284 21 5 432 16 3 1 34 181 Per cent illiterate 11.4 4.1 21.2 17.2 15.9 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 19, 262 7,877 3,308 3,876 3,197 2,84f 4,078 3,291 7,480 7,174 Number illiterate 175 50 30 33 ,59 16 8 9 42 35 Per cent illiterate 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years. Inclusive 26,561 11,084 4,624 5,289 4,438 3,890 5,643 4,566 10, 532 9,556 Number attending school 16,476 7,500 3,094 3,740 2,874 2,659 4,048 2,698 7,363 6,884 Per cent attending school 62.0 67.7 66.9 70.7 64.8 68.4 71.7 59.1 69.9 72.0 Number 6 to 9 vears 7,299« 3,207 1,316 1,413 1,241 1,043 1,565 1,275 3,052 2,382 Number attending school 6,179 2,475 1,160 1,207 860 854 1,337 940 2,645 2,035 Number 10 to 14 year£ 8, 470 3,634 1,520 1,807 1,382 1,322 1,834 1,530 3,391 3,210 Number attending school 7,865 3,399 1,409 1,703 1,277 1,259 1,745 1,370 3,209 3,074 Number 15 to 17 years 5,131 2,205 872 1,054 920 784 1,137 920 2,027 1,969 Number attending school 2,022 1,317 412 657 599 443 723 337 1,200 1,313 Number 18 to 20 years. 5,661 2,038 916 1,015 895 741 1,107 841 2,062 1,995 N umber attending school 410 309 113 173 138 103 243 51 309 462 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 15, 769 6,841 2,836 3,220 2,623 2,365 3,399 2,805 6,443 5,592 Number attending school 14,044 5,874 2, 569 2,910 2,137 2,113 3,082 2,310 5,854 5, 109 Per cent attending school 89.1 85.9 90.6 90.4 81.5 89.3 90.7 82.4 90.9 91.4 Native white — Native parentage, number 10,308 6,066 1,671 2,820 2,088 1,869 2,462 2,441 6,218 4,677 Number attending school 9,240 5,227 1,522 2,529 i;697 1,660 2,224 2,026 4,758 4,265 Per cent attending school 89.6 86.2 91.1 89.7 81.3 88.8 90.3 83.0 91.2 91.2 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number 4, 168 544 1,008 388 98 448 886 360 977 685 Number attending school 3,702 459 913 369 89 409 815 282 888 640 Per cent attending school 88.8 84.4 90.6 9.*i 1 91 ^ 92 0 78 3 90.9 93.4 Foreign-bom white, number 753 89 148 11 32 43 1 213 37 Number attending school 643 72 127 11 30 37 176 32 Per cent attending school 85.4 85.8 82.6 Negro, number 540 142 9 1 437 16 4 3 35 193 N umber attending school 459 116 7 1 351 14 2 2 32 172 Per cent attending school 85.0 81.7 80.3 89.1 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 17,884 8,049 3,622 4,142 3, 200 2,978 4,787 2,734 8,316 7,659 Families, number 19,309 8,229 3,657 4,195 3,341 3,005 4,841 2,852. 8, 471 7,853 75100°— 13 41 630 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. POPULATION Moultrie. Ogle. Total population, 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 14, 630 15,224 14,481 13,699 10,385 27, 864 29,129 28,710 29,937 27,492 V Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase. Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase, -594 -3.9 743 5.1 -1,205 -4.3 419 1.5 Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910, 338 43.3 35.5 756 36.9 33.2 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more In 1910. Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Rural, 1910— Remainder of county in 1910 . , Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1900.. Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY 2,621 2,399 9.3 12,009 12,825 -6.4 15,224 17.9 2,732 2,073 31.8 25, 132 27,056 -7.1 29,129 9.8 White Number in 1900. Number in 1890. 14,626 15,Z1S 14,477 27,826 19,075 28,625 INegro Number in 1900. Number in 1890. Black Mulatto 4 11 4 4 33 51 82 32 1 Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16). 5 Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. . . Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white — Mixed parentage Foreign-born white Number in 1900 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white — Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage. . . Per cent in 1900 Foreign-born white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES 13,762 17,531 13,916 17,677 667 6,893 1,015 7,44S 312 4,409 355 2,484 197 3,402 282 3,955 94. 1 62.9 91.4 60.7 4.6 24.7 6.7 25.6 1.3 12.2 1.9 13.6 (') 0. 1 0.1 0.2 Foreign-Born White: Born in — Austria Belgium Canada — French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy .“. .. Norway Roumania Russia Scotland 1 35 5 11 13 239 25 44 306 2 8 54 1,536 13 47 2 3 59 201 93 250 17 8 93 Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White: Both parents born in — Austria Canada— French Canada— Other Denmark England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage ^ 2 4(‘>4 4 20 9 4 6 4 21 27 9 3 94 12 25 226 4 8 127 2,465 22 120 492 5 225 1 1 100 1 449 3 7 28 267 Peoria. Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope. Pulaski. Putnam. Ran- dolph. Richland. 100, 255 88,608 70,378 55,355 47,540 11,647 13.1 18, 230 25.9 636 157.6 48.2 69,618 60,031 16.0 30,637 28,577 7.2 56,100 32,508 69.4 63.3 22,088 19,830 17,529 16,007 13,723 2,258 11.4 2,301 13.1 451 49.0 30.8 8, 176 6,710 21.8 13,912 13, 120 6.0 4,353 15,477 37.0 22.0 16.376 17,706 17,062 15,583 10,953 -1,330 -7.5 644 3.8 451 36.3 36.3 28, 622 31, 595 31,000 33,751 30,768 -2,973 -9.4 595 1.9 786 36.4 36.4 11,215 13,585 14,016 13,256 11,437 -2,370 -17.4 -431 -3.1 385 29.1 29.1 15,650 14,554 11,355 9,507 8,752 1,096 7.5 3,199 28.2 190 82.4 67.4 2,837 2,705 4.9 12,813 11,849 8.1 2,705 11,849 18.1 18.6 7,561 4,746 4,730 5,554 6,280 2,815 59.3 16 0.3 173 43.7 43.7 29, 120 28,001 25,049 25,690 20,859 I, 119 4.0 2,952 II. 8 587 49.6 39.7 5,828 5,773 1.0 23,292 22,228 4.8 5,773 22,228 20.0 20.6 15.976 16,391 15,019 15,545 12,803 -421 -2.6 1,372 9.1 357 44.7 30.7 5,011 4,260 17.6 10,959 12, 131 -9.7 4,260 12,131 31.4 26.0 16,376 ‘ 17,706 -7.5 28,622 31,595 - 9.4 11,215 13,585 -17.4 7,561 4,746 69.3 17,706 31,595 13,585 4,746 98,497 21,273 16,361 28,460 10,692 9,739 7,551 27, 592 15,955 87,058 19,111 17,660 31,290 12,896 8,728 4,728 26,666 16,379 69,388 16,839 17,013 30,698 13,281 7,052 '4,703 23,922 15,010 1,737 814 12 162 523 5,911 10 1,525 16 1,535 715 44 305 689 5,826 18 1,332 12 986 690 49 302 724 4,303 27 1,124 a 1,131 659 12 147 321 3,863 2 1,201 8 606 155 15 202 2,048 8 264 7 21 1 3 3 58,499 14,744 14,459 25,517 10,089 8,623 2,998 17,965 13,924 46,610 12,975 15, 161 27,232 11,982 7,590 2,689 15,938 13, 777 27,561 4,695 1,413 2,394 489 888 2,479 7,584 1,652 27,979 4,565 1,818 3,213 716 970 1,364 8,256 2,0Jfl 17,431 2,806 758 1,185 275 380 1,799 4,198 803 10, 130 1,889 655 1,209 214 508 680 3,386 849 12,437 1,834 489 549 114 228 2,074 2,043 379 12,469 1,571 681 81,5 198 368 675 2,472 559 58.4 66.8 88.3 89.2 90.0 55.1 39.7 61.7 87.2 52.6 65.4 86.6 86.2 88.2 60.8 56.7 56.9 84.1 27.5 21.3 8.6 8.4 4.4 5.7 32.8 26.0 10.3 31.6 23.0 10.3 10.2 5.3 6.7 28.7 29.5 12. S 12.4 8.3 3.0 1.9 1.0 1.5 27.4 7.0 2.4 14.1 7.9 3.8 2.7 1.5 2.5 14.2 8.8 S.| 1.7 3.7 0.1 0.6 4.7 37.8 0.1 5.2 0.1 1.7 3.6 0.2 1.0 5. 1 40:0 0.4 4.8 o.t 433 76 3 5 138 33 2 131 10 1 14 6 37 2 3 3 4 1 400 12 25 20 2 15 19 13 9 78 3 7 3 3 132 5 1,236 219 75 157 2 10 64 140 32 179 28 1 2 1 22 42 8 5,028 776 168 196 104 113 237 1,286 164 90 1 22 1 1 1 44 1 1 12 5 646 17 14 13 1,310 79 119 120 1 30 38 107 22 326 457 1 10 4 1 925 31 4 42 3 9 1 8 4 20 6 476 70 2 1 6 166 44 3 244 37 17 7 1 G 86 172 2 824 11 35 15 3 185 17 3 321 8 8 0 10 4 28 127 103 2 3 4 2 70 16 3 1 4 16 1 399 11 2 3 6 13 171 37 1 4 126 8 24 1 3 4 1 114 5 5 14 3 7 4 1 51 1 4 1 96 5 1 1,315 191 76 215 3 15 61 9() 49 207 30 2 3 2 8 9 79 5 8,786 1,608 309 533 251 215 480 3,037 405 40 3 1 1 3 1 124 9 4 3,178 173 251 308 11 75 92 414 72 50 413 1 386 7 23 3 6 1 3 1 1 228 41 3 1 6 138 18 2 292 52 10 13 2 3 46 170 5 814 8 16 13 4 212 7 1 224 11 9 5 2 4 1 44 185 1,790 233 63 74 3 38 132 300 75 I Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 03 1 POPULATION FOR THK STATE AND FOR ('OUNTIES— (’ontiiiuecl. SUMJECT. Moultrie. Ogle. Peoria. Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope. Pulaski. Putnam. Ran- dolph. Richland. SEX Total... Male Female White.. .Male Female Negro.. .Male Female 7,421 7,209 7,419 7,207 2 2 14, 173 13,691 14,151 13,675 17 16 51.990 48,265 51,000 47, 497 969 768 11,268 10, 820 10,857 10,416 410 404 8,472 7,904 8, 464 7,897 5 7 14, 661 13, 961 14,584 13,876 77 85 5,733 5,482 5,453 5,239 280 243 8, 123 7, 527 5,106 4, 633 3,017 2,894 4,102 3,459 4,095 3, 456 7 3 15,423 13, 697 14,430 13, 156 984 541 8,027 7,943 8,023 7,932 4 11 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 4,091 8,751 34,117 5, 855 4,868 8,496 2,819 4,225 2,348 8, 840 4,452 Number in 1900 4 , 14 s 8,879 27,642 5, 127 5,281 8,848 3,150 3,928 1,485 8,164 4,226 Native white — Native parentage 3,721 4,951 17,771 3,235 4,075 7, 128 2,415 2, 191 785 4,046 3,543 Number in 1900 S,62S 5,075 12,774 2,827 4,286 7, 152 2,637 1,802 758 3,679 3,218 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 251 1,935 8,844 1,444 525 1,011 201 322 417 2,934 695 Number in 1900 350 1,771 8,002 1,235 583 1,137 228 312 329 2,555 694 Native white — Foreign parentage 143 1,360 6,228 941 320 579 140 167 318 1,892 376 Native white — Mixed parentage 108 575 2,616 503 205 432 61 155 99 1,042 319 Foreign-born white 117 1,848 6,757 956 261 308 64 137 1, 142 1, 137 213 Number in 1900 185 2,014 6,219 855 387 488 109 238 390 1,384 SIO Negro 2 12 725 219 5 49 139 1,575 4 720 1 Number in 1900 6 16 6SS 208 23 73 176 1,574 8 54s 6 5 20 1 2 3 Pee Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 91.0 56.6 52.1 55.3 83.7 83.9 85.7 51.9 33.4 45.8 79.6 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 6.1 22.1 25.9 24.7 10.8 11.9 7.1 7.6 17.8 33.2 15.6 Foreign-bom white 2.9 21.1 19.8 16.3 5.4 3.6 2.3 3.2 48.6 12.9 4.8 Negro (') 0.1 2.1 3.7 0.1 0.6 4.9 37.3 0.2 8.1 (') Citizenship of Foeeign-Born White. Naturalized 56 1,309 3,632 493 163 172 37 87 515 788 165 2 83 286 62 3 4 1 4 57 30 2 252 1,465 116 27 12 9 515 65 3 Unknown 57 204 i;374 285 .68 120 26 37 55 254 45 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate 117 125 629 339 72 394 219 616 143 500 130 Per cent illiterate 2.9 1.4 1.8 5.8 1.5 4.6 7.8 14.6 6.1 5.7 2.9 Per cent in 1900 S.8 2.5 2.7 9.5 2.8 5.0 12.7 20.7 2.9 6.7 5.9 Native white, number illiterate 113 47 246 167 52 364 187 156 21 262 118 Per cent illiterate 2.8 0.7 0.9 3.6 1.1 4.5 7.1 6.2 1.7 3.8 2.8 Foreign-born white, number illiterate 3 77 319 143 19 23 3 4 121 67 12 2.6 4.2 4.7 15.0 7.3 7.5 2.9 10.6 5.9 5.6 1 1 60 29 7 29 456 1 170 8.3 13.2 20.9 29.0 23.6 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 11,203 22 , 527 83, 640 16,351 12, 886 22,610 8,271 11,753 5,587 22,638 12,498 Number illiterate 251 263 1,356 733 130 758 610 1,393 259 978 264 Per cent illiterate 2.2 1.2 1.6 4.5 1.0 3.4 7.4 11.9 4.6 4.3 2.1 Native white, number 11,005 19, 125 69,847 13,987 12,394 21,925 7,755 7,044 3,596 19,329 12, 109 Number illiterate 242 114 536 366 101 690 511 367 44 555 232 Per cent illiterate 2.2 0.6 0.8 2.6 0.8 3.1 6.6 5.2 1.2 2.9 1.9 Foreign-bom white, number 194 3,369 12,249 1,748 478 547 114 225 1,983 2,018 379 Number illiterate 8 144 697 284 28 51 14 9 213 154 32 Per cent illiterate 4.1 4.3 5.7 16.2 5.9 9.3 12.3 4.0 10.7 7.6 8.4 Negro, number 4 28 1,523 615 12 138 402 4,484 8 1,288 10 1 5 118 83 17 85 1,017 2 268 7.7 13.5 12.3 21. 1 22.7 20.8 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 3,266 5,649 19, 402 5,055 3,598 6, 130 2,759 3,651 1,495 6,509 3,640 Number illiterate 17 21 64 56 11 70 113 104 18 53 17 Per cent illiterate 0.5 0.4 0.3 1. 1 0.3 1.1 4.1 2.8 1.2 0.8 0.5 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 4,539 7,714 25, 878 7,286 4,984 8,468 3,917 5,159 2,195 9,144 5,046 Number attending school 3,155 5.146 16, 226 4,913 3,494 6,024 2,602 3,338 1,144 6, 149 3,512 Per cent attending school 69.5 66.7 62.7 67.4 70.1 71.1 66.4 64.7 52.1 67.2 69.6 Number 6 to 9 years 1,273 2,065 6,476 2,231 1,386 2,338 1,158 1,508 700 2,635 1,406 Number attending school 984 1,690 5,466 1,802 1, 179 1,897 792 1,031 251 2, 142 1,075 N umber 10 to 14 years 1,505 2,466 8,353 2,349 1,631 2,877 1,315 1,610 689 3,071 1,704 Number attending school 1,417 2,341 7,762 2,191 1,510 • 2,710 1, 164 1,498 658 2,874 1,598 Number 15 to 17 years 857 1,587 5,242 1,411 955 1,649 742 1,021 386 1,778 1,015 Number attending school 575 867 2,370 747 611 1,103 487 647 191 915 669 Number 18 to 20 years 904 1,596 5,807 1,295 1,012 1,604 702 1,020 420 1,660 921 Number attending school 179 248 628 173 194 314 159 162 44 218 170 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 2,778 4,531 14,829 4,580 3,017 5,215 2,473 3,118 1,389 5,706 3,110 Number attending school 2,401 4,031 13,228 3,993 2,689 4,607 1,956 2,529 909 5,016 2,673 Per cent attending school 86.4 89.0 89.2 87.2 8^.1 88.3 79.1 81.1 65.4 87.9 85.9 Native white — Native parentage, number 2,710 3,147 10,349 3,496 2,832 5,022 2,300 1,798 651 4,623 2,990 Number attending school 2, 339 2, 771 9,218 3,074 2,513 4,431 1,822 1,505 511 4,071 2,568 Per cent attending school 86.3 88.1 89. 1 87.9 88.7 88.2 79.2 83.7 78.5 88. 1 85.9 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number. . . 64 1,323 4,007 824 172 165 48 104 632 815 116 Number attending school 58 1,208 3,609 714 165 148 41 81 346 734 102 Per cent attending school 91.3 90. 1 86.7 95 9 89 7 77 9 54 7 90. 1 87.9 Foreign-bom white, number 4 57 270 99 12 1 2 105 42 1 Number attending school 4 48 235 83 10 1 2 51 32 1 Per cent attending school 87.0 48.6 Negro, number 4 203 161 1 27 125 1 914 1 226 3 Number attending school 4 166 122 1 27 93 Q41 1 179 2 Per cent attending school 81.8 75.8 74. 4 77.5 79.2 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 3, 450 6,898 21,274 4,906 3,890 7,105 2,412 3,506 1,541 6, 133 3,739 Families, number 3, 491 7,001 22, 490 4,964 3,916 7,221 2, 447 3,564 1,642 6,283 3,823 * Native whites having both parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 632 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. POPULATION Total population, 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 Increase, 1900-1910 Per cent of increase Increase, 1890-1900 Per cent of increase Land area (square miles) Population per square mile, 1910 Rural population per square mile, 1910 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 Same places in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Rural, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910 Same territory in 1900 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,.500 or more in 1900 Rural, 1900— Remainder of county in 1900 Per cent In places of 2,500 or more, 1910 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1900 COLOR AND NATIVITY White Number in 1900 Number in 1890 Negro Number in I9(J0 Number in 1890 Black Mulatto Ind., Chi., Jap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) Native white — Native parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Number in 1900 Native white — Foreign parentage Native white— Mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Number in 1900 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white— Native parentage Per cent in 1900 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Per cent in 1900 Foreign-born white Per cent in 1900 Negro Per cent in 1900 - FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria Belgium Canada— French Canada— Other.. Denmark England France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Roumania Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland Turkey Wales Other foreign countries Native White: Both parents born in — Austria Canada— French Canada — Other Denmark England France Germany Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Russia Scotland Sweden Switzerland All others of foreign parentage ^ Rock Island. St. Clair. Saline. Sanga- mon. Schuyler . Scott. Shelby. Stark. Stephen- son. Tazewell Union. 70,404 119, 870 30, 204 91, 024 14, 852 10, 067 31,693 10,098 36, 821 34, 027 21. 856 55,249 86,685 21,685 71,593 16,129 10,455 32,126 10, 186 34,933 33,221 22,610 41,917 66,571 19,342 61,195 16,013 10,304 31,191 9,982 31,338 29,556 21,549 38,302 61,806 15,940 52,894 16,249 10,741 30,270 11,207 31,963 29,666 18, 102 29,783 51,068 12,714 46,352 17,419 10,530 25,476 10,751 30,608 27,903 16,518 15,155 33, 185 8,519 19,431 -1,277 -388 -433 -88 1,888 800 -754 27.4 38.3 39.3 27.1 -7.9 -3.7 -1.3 -0.9 5.4 2.4 -3.3 13,332 20,114 2,343 10,398 116 151 935 204 3,595 3,665 1,061 31.8 30.2 12. 1 17.0 0.7 1.5 3.0 2.0 11.5 1Z4 4.9 424 663 399 876 432 249 772 290 559 647 403 166.0 180.8 75.7 103.9 34.4 40.4 41. 1 34.8 65.9 52.6 54.2 45.3 60.6 54.0 44.9 34.4 40.4 36.4 34.8 34.4 37.3 47.3 51,199 79,669 8,675 51,678 3,590 17,567 9,897 2 80Q 36l 741 iS', 194 3,647 35^328 3,540 141296 8l420 2, 618 39. 4 65.3 137.9 46.3 i. 2 22.9 17.5 t.3^ 19, 205 40, 201 21,529 39,346 14,852 10,067 28, 103 10,098 19,254 24, 130 19,047 18,508 38,491 18,038 36, 265 16,129 10,455 28,580 10, 186 20,6-37 24,801 19,992 3.8 4.4 19.4 8.5 -7.9 -3.7 -i.7 -0.9 —6. 7 -2.7 -4.7 36,741 47,139 34,159 3,546 13, 258 8,420 2 ,r>is 18; 508 39 ; 546 21,685 37 ; 434 16,129 10,455 281580 10, 180 21 ',675 24 ', 801 19,992 72. 7 66.5 28. 7 56. 8 11.3 47.7 29. 1 12 9 66.5 54. 4 47. 7 11.0 38.0 25.3 11.6 60,574 111,740 29, 283 87,370 14,846 10. 052 31,618 10, 089 36, 734 33,993 21,644 54,648 82,679 20,816 68,480 16. 122 10,421 82,058 10. 180 34.871 33 , 193 22,416 41,589 64, 129 18 . 549 58, 848 16,003 10,279 31,091 9,968 31, 325 29,489 21,283 822 8,110 918 3,633 6 15 75 9 82 25 211 601 3,987 868 3,106 7 34 68 6 60 U 194 879 2, 480 792 2,889 10 25 100 14 12 60 260 603 6,135 534 2,336 4 3 51 9 74 17 98 219 1,975 384 1,297 2 12 24 8 8 113 8 20 3 21 5 9 1 29, 494 61,893 26, 271 54,079 13, 661 8,213 27,488 7,529 20 , 504 20 , 891 20, 159 !0. 629 87,461 20, 104 42. 962 14,511 8,163 27. 170 7,334 17,956 18,598 20 , 54 s 23,774 34,247 1,476 21,484 985 1,484 3,139 1,964 11,742 9,614 1,125 20, 781 83, 466 592 17,310 1,816 1,726 3,750 2, 102 11,708 10, 193 1,365 16,856 21,341 891 14, 162 439 781 1,658 1,022 7,580 5,715 515 6,918 12, 906 585 7,322 546 703 1,481 942 4,162 3,899 610 16,. 306 15, 600 1,536 11,807 200 355 991 596 4.488 3,488 360 13,288 11,752 120 8,208 295 ■ 532 1, 188 744 5,207 4,402 608 41.9 51.6 87.0 59.4 92.0 81.6 86.7 74.6 55.7 61.4 92.2 37.8 48.2 92.7 60.0 90.0 78. 1 84.6 72.0 51.4 56.0 90.9 33.8 28.6 4.9 23.6 6.6 14.7 9.9 19.4 31.9 28.3 5.1 87.6 88.6 2.7 24.2 8.2 16.5 11.7 20.6 33.5 30.7 6.0 23.2 13.0 5.1 13.0 1.3 3.5 3.1 5.9 12.2 10.3 1.6 24.0 13.6 0.6 11.5 1.8 5.1 8.5 7.8 14.9 13.3 e.i 1.2 6.8 3.0 4.0 (') 0.1 0.2 0. 1 0.2 0.1 I.O /. 1 4.6 4.0 4-3 0) 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 205 2.048 137 833 1 41 42 38 27 2,837 16 12 60 10 3 8 3 28 18 1 19 2 1 4 15 9 293 207 9 206 10 9 28 39 133 63 14 253 31 47 13 12 16 4 5 518 810 205 1,548 44 111 no 113 180 161 24 77 295 43 242 5 100 1 35 69 3 3,188 5,781 109 3, 181 68 161 487 137 2,996 2,509 207 804 129 57 39 6 3 55 14 1 117 24 1 34 12 135 8 2 45 1,871 153 483 2 9 1 11 52 717 1,095 23 1,338 56 58 59 116 244 144 27 185 208 49 935 2 35 3 154 118 5 221 18 61 2 51 7 1 3 35 27 6 734 1.826 505 1,656 2 22 5 34 6 13 171 174 195 531 1 3 12 61 19 34 7 5,644 93 5 158 3 27 90 79 58 4 122 190 2 78 2 3 15 5 190 160 15 23 445 50 70 13 48 84 21 160 1 2 5 1 5 3 1 73 202 9 121 2 4 2 10 15 4 53 738 57 442 43 1 26 14 19 15 13 1 7 2 7 2 8 2 122 70 1 46 3 3 7 17 58 9 8 180 16 35 11 9 4 3 2 568 892 93 1,157 77 221 107 131 224 144 19 80 401 16 134 10 1 31 2 30 103 6 5,. 347 13,775 170 5,037 193 336 1,050 228 5,760 4,414 350 61 22 2 16 1 16 1 90 8 2 31 289 21 200 1 16 1 11 . 1,731 2 , 400 54 2,954 117 1.53 162 303 67!) 323 43 51 105 10 513 . 15 9 58 . 151 10 63 65 6 . 555 584 318 1. 166 1 10 4 24 7 . 124 172 58 376 3 9 16 100 20 36 10 5, 559 41 3 135 1 1 20 109 79 25 . 142 160 48 . 9 24 10 130 104 3 2,086 1,.593 87 1,783 31 47 123 104 363 44H 53 > Less than one-tenth of I per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 633 POrULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT. Rock Island. St. Clair. Saline. Sanga- mon. Schuyler. Scott. Shelby. Stark. Stephen- son. Tazewell. Union. SEX Total. . .Male 37,747 63, 947 15, 818 46,371 7, 668 6,152 16,202 6,103 18, 637 17, 364 11, 011 Female 32, 657 55, 923 14,386 44,653 7, 194 4,915 16, 491 4,995 18,184 16, 663 10,845 White... Male 37, 281 59, 462 15, 296 44,484 7,655 5, 147 16,103 5,090 18,586 17,348 10,903 Female 32, 293 52,278 13,987 42,886 7,191 4,905 15,455 4,993 18, 148 16,645 10,741 Negro... Male 465 4, 465 519 1,869 3 5 39 7 47 8 107 Female 357 3,645 399 1,764 3 10 36 2 35 17 104 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 24,774 38,788 8,200 27,839 4,269 2,924 8,974 3,002 11,638 9,971 5,914 Number in 1900 16,915 25,471 5, 152 21,181 4,342 2,939 8,658 3,025 10,205 9,356 5,906 Native white — Native parentage 8,675 14,561 6,651 14,934 3,688 2, 143 7,294 2,031 5,434 6, 145 5,137 Number in 1900 5,i7B 7,1SS 4,680 11,741 3,638 2,064 6,840 1,965 4,536 4,539 5,087 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 0,592 12,237 376 5,790 458 601 1,127 648 3,705 2,951 484 Number in 1900 4,469 10,512 188 4,330 523 595 1,160 649 3,078 2,618 470 Native white — Foreign parentage 5,053 8,590 187 4, 132 217 367 686 401 2,744 2,062 269 Native wliite — Mixed parentage 1,539 3,647 189 1,658 241 234 441 247 961 889 215 Foreign-born white 9, 169 8,883 871 5, 870 111 176 530 317 2,365 1,862 215 Number in 1900 6,7S0 6,463 82 4,145 177 273 639 4O6 2,543 2,187 280 Negro 337 3,087 299 1,228 2 4 23 6 30 7 77 Number in 1900 £41 1,S44 201 958 4 7 19 5 40 8 69 Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 1 20 3 17 4 6 1 Per Cent of Total. Native white— Native parentage 35.0 37.5 81.1 53.6 86.6 73.3 81.3 67.7 47.1 51.6 86.9 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 26.6 31.5 4.6 20.8 10.8 20.6 12.6 21.6 32.1 29.6 8.2 Foreign-bom white 37.0 22.9 10.6 21.1 2.6 6.0 5.9 10.6 20.5 18.7 3.6 Negro 1.4 8.0 3.6 4.4 (•) 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.3 Citizenship of Foeeiqn-Boen White. Naturalized 4,862 3,631 210 3,377 81 123 339 209 1,626 1,256 118 Having first papers 658 553 147 449 1 4 21 13 78 41 1 Alien 2,480 2,917 396 969 2 2 42 26 335 205 10 Unknown 1,169 1,782 118 1,075 27 47 128 69 326 360 86 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number illiterate 833 1,975 881 1,629 197 143 287 44 188 263 611 Per cent illiterate 3.4 6.1 10.7 ^9 4.6 4.9 3.2 1.5 1.6 2.6 10.3 Per cent in 1900 S.l 5.9 12.8 5.4 7.3 7.3 5.3 3.3 2.1 3.1 10.8 Native white, number illiterate 159 255 560 455 188 131 245 28 65 121 566 Per cent illiterate 1.0 1.0 8.0 2.2 4.5 4.8 2.9 1.0 0.7 1.5 10.1 Foreign-born white, number illiterate 633 1,267 254 979 9 11 40 15 112 138 16 Per cent illiterate 6.9 14.3 29.2 16.7 8.1 6.3 7.5 4.7 4.7 7.4 7.4 Negro, number illiterate 41 450 64 185 1 2 1 11 2 29 “Per cent illiterate 12.2 14.6 21.4 15. 1 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 58, 376 95,278 22, 123 72, 275 11, 546 7,932 24, 580 8,034 30,217 26, 808 16, 562 Number illiterate 1,653 3,856 1,800 3,344 365 259 668 80 403 488 1.242 Per cent illiterate 2.8 4.0 8.1 4.6 3.2 3.3 2.7 1.0 1.3 1.8 7.5 Native white, number 41,763 73,391 19,997 57,876 11,340 7,565 23,562 7,435 25,694 23,324 16,011 Number illiterate 368 694 1,262 833 350 231 503 62 154 238 1, 150 Per cent illiterate 0.9 0.9 6.3 1.4 3.1 3.1 2.4 0.7 0.6 1.0 Foreign-bom white, number 15,912 15, 104 1,410 11,326 200 355 960 590 4,446 3,455 360 Number illiterate 1,206 2,203 419 2,060 15 26 103 27 234 245 25 Per cent illiterate 7.6 14.6 29.7 18.2 7.5 7.3 10.7 4.6 5.3 7.1 6.9 Negro, number 696 6,763 713 3,052 6 12 58 9 72 20 190 Number illiterate 79 956 116 441 2 2 1 15 3 67 Per cent illiterate 11.4 14.1 16.3 14.4 35.3 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 13,567 25, 154 6,984 18,333 3,365 2,250 7,145 2,135 7,512 7,539 4,983 Number illiterate 79 289 149 188 26 15 51 2 23 27 79 Per cent illiterate 0.6 1.1 2.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.6 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 18,207 34,568 10, 049 25, 540 4,667 3,071 9,920 2,918 10, 035 10 . 404 6,979 Number attending school 11,513 20,318 6,541 15,985 3,392 2,089 7,030 2,020 6,801 7,011 4,851 Per cent attending school 63.2 68.8 65.1 62.6 72.8 68.0 76.9 69.2 67.8 67.4 69.5 Number 6 to 9 years 4,640 9,414 3,065 7,207 1,292 821 2,775 783 2,523 2,865 1,996 Number attending school 4,030 7,835 2, 143 5,703 1,069 676 2 ; 352 666 2,210 2, 465 i;546 Number 10 to 14 years 5,724 10,957 3,231 8, 190 1,595 1,045 3,347 961 3,369 3,497 2, 279 Number attending school 5,365 9,914 2,966 7,537 1,531 973 3 ; 163 890 3, 196 3,291 2 ; 116 Number 15 to 17 years 3,566 6,850 1,833 4, 871 909 615 1,929 564 2,085 2,038 1,380 Number attending school 1,642 2, 181 1,092 2,164 622 359 1,214 355 1,093 1,030 906 Number 18 to 20 years 4,277 7,347 1,920 5,272 861 590 1,869 610 2,058 2,004 1,324 Number attending school 476 388 340 581 170 81 301 103 302 225 '283 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 10,364 20,371 6,296 15,397 2,887 1,866 6, 122 1,744 5,892 6,362 4,275 Number attending school 9,395 17,749 5, 109 13,240 2,600 1,649 5,515 1,562 5,406 5,756 3,662 Per cent attending school 90.7 87.1 81.1 86.0 90.1 88.4 90.1 89.6 91.8 90.5 85.7 Native white — Native parentage, number 5,432 14, 706 5,723 10,332 2,823 1,706 5,648 1,471 4, 124 4, 632 4,167 Number attending school 4,926 12,944 4,681 8,860 2 ; 543 1,508 5,083 1,327 3,818 4, 184 3,565 Per cent attending school 90.7 88.0 81.8 85.8 90.1 88.4 90.0 90.2 92.6 90.3 85.6 Native white — Foreign or mixed pai entage, number . . . 4,371 3,962 241 3,787 62 157 418 265 1,698 1,670 90 Number attending school 3,981 3,436 189 3,297 65 141 387 228 i;528 1,525 88 Per cent attending school 9i. 1 86.7 78.4 87. 1 89.8 <12 fi ^6 0 90 n 91 .? Foreim-bom white, number 608 152 690 2 40 7 63 57 Number attending school 397 502 119 576 2 34 6 53 44 Per cent attending school 87.1 82.6 78.3 83.5 Negro, number 101 1,095 180 .^88 3 16 1 7 2 Number attending school 88 867 120 507 11 1 7 2 9 Per cent attending school 87.1 79.2 66.7 86.2 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES; Dwellings, number 14,663 25,000 6,453 19,859 3,455 2,371 7,523 2,430 8,708 7,667 4,459 Families, number 15, 794 26, 797 6,661 20, 695 3,516 2,397 7,562 2,453 8; 936 7,802 4 ; 537 * Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bora in different countries. 634 SUPPLEMENT FOP ILLLNOIS Table I.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT. Ver- milion. Wabash. Warren. Wash- ington. Wayne. White. White- side. Will. William- son. Winne- bago. Wood- ford. POPULATION Total population, 1910 77, 996 14,913 23,313 18,759 25,697 23,052 34, 507 84,371 45,098 63, 153 20,506 11)00 65, ()35 12,583 2 : 1 , 163 19, .526 27,626 25,386 34,710 74,764 27,796 47,845 21,822 1890 49,905 11,866 21,281 19,262 23,806 25,005 30,854 62,007 22,226 39,938 21,429 1880 41,588 9,945 22,933 21,112 21,291 23,087 30,885 53,422 19,324 30,505 21,620 1870 30,388 8,841 23, 174 17,599 19,758 16,846 27,503 43,013 17,329 29,301 18,956 Increase, 1900-1910 12,361 2,330 150 -767 -1,929 -2,334 -203 9,607 17,302 15,308 -1,316 I’er cent of increase 18.8 18.5 0.6 -3.9 -7.0 -9.2 -0.6 1^8 62.2 32.0 -6.0 Increase, 1890-1900 15,730 717 1,882 264 3,820 381 3,856 12,757 5,570 7,907 393 Per cent of increase 31.5 6.0 8.8 1.4 . 16.0 1.5 12.5 20.6 25. 1 19.8 1.8 Land area (square miles) 921 220 546 561 733 507 679 844 449 529 528 Population per square mile, 1910 84.7 67.8 42.7 33.4 35.1 45.5 50.8 100.0 100.4 119.4 38.8 'iKural population per square mile, 1910 46.5 36.3 26.0 33.4 35.1 39.9 35.9 55.9 55.5 33.6 38.8 Urban and Rural Territory. Urban, 1910 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1910 35,176 6,934 9,128 2, 833 10,124 37, 225 20,173 45,401 Same places in 1900. 24^462 41311 7,460 2 ' 939 8,485 22,012 6^ 605 31,051 Percent of increase, 1900-1910 43.8 60.8 22.4 — i 6 19.3 16.3 205.4 46.2 Rural, 1910 — Remainder of county in 1910 42,820 7,979 14, 185 18,759 25,697 20,219 24,383 47,146 24,925 17,752 20,506 Same territory in 1900 41,173 8,272 15,703 19,526 27,626 22, 447 26,225 42,752 21,191 16.794 21,822 Per cent of increase, 1900-1910 4.0 -3.5 -9.7 -3.9 -7.0 -9.9 -7.0 16.3 17.6 h.7 -6.0 Urban, 1900 — Places of 2,500 or more in 1900 20,177 4,311 7,460 2,939 8,994 35 291 2 510 31,051 2 .54.5 Rural, 1900 — Remainder of county in 1900 45 ; 458 8,272 15,703 19,526 27,626 22^447 25,716 39,473 25,286 16,794 19,277 Per cent in places of 2,500 or more, 1910 45. 1 46.5 39. 2 12. 3 29.3 44. 1 44. 7 71.9 Per cent in places of 2,.500 or more, 1900 30.7 34.3 32,2 11.0 2 . 5.9 47.2 9.0 64.9 11.7 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 75, 945 14,868 22, 730 18, 685 25, 686 22,582 34,445 83,222 44,227 62 , m 20. 467 Number in 1900 64,509 12,530 22, 784 19,41t6 27,621 24,840 34, 656 73, 504 27, 185 47,603 21,716 Number in 1890 49, U7 11,775 20, 878 19, 127 23,800 24,412 30,811 61,499 22, 029 39, 765 21,309 Negro ; 2,038 45 576 73 11 470 62 1.134 866 257 37 Number in 1900 1,124 5S 376 79 5 545 64 l,3U 610 238 103 Number in 1890 456 91 40 s 135 6 593 40 503 197 170 120 Black 1,784 42 514 40 5 362 42 756 633 213 30 Mulatto 254 3 62 33 6 108 20 378 233 44 7 Ind., Clii., .Tap., and all other (see Tables 1 and 16) 13 7 1 15 5 8 2 Native white — Native parentage 58,835 13, 172 17,829 9, 774 24, 530 20, 906 19,836 26, 653 36, 782 24,660 11,219 Number in 1900 49,849 10,4^2 17,381 8,630 26,066 22,514 19,364 22,353 25, 018 18,511 10,562 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage io, 6i5 1,422 3, 412 6,861 970 1,420 10, 082 34, 505 3,733 21, 697 6,621 Number in 1900 9 , 14 s 1,723 3,632 8, 062 1,298 1,879 10, 186 31,437 1,538 16, 779 7,531 Native white — Foreim parentage 6,879 615 2,080 4,400 384 612 6,591 25, 138 2,424 15,985 4,066 Native white — Mixed parentage 3,736 807 1,332 2,461 586 808 3,491 9,367 1,309 5,712 2,555 Foreign-bom white 6,495 274 1,489 2,050 186 256 4, 527 22, 064 3,712 16, 531 2,627 Number in 1900 5,512 385 1,771 2 , 754 257 447 5, 106 19 , 714 629 12,313 3,623 Per Cent of Total Population. Native white — Native parentage 75.4 88.3 76.5 52.1 95.5 90.7 57.5 31.6 81.6 39.0 54.7 Per cent in 1900 75.9 82.8 75.0 44- S 94.4 88.7 56.8 29.9 90.0 38.7 48.4 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 13.6 9.5 14.6 36.6 3.8 6.2 29.2 40.9 8.3 34,4 32.3 Per cent in 1900 IS. 9 13.7 15.7 41.3 4.7 7.4 29.3 42.0 5.5 35.1 34.5 Foreign-bom white 8.3 1.8 6.4 10.9 0.7 1.1 13.1 26.2 8.2 26.2 12.8 Per cent in 1900 8.4 3.1 7.6 14.1 0.9 1.8 14.7 26.4 2.3 25.7 16.6 Negro 2.6 0.3 2.5 0.4 (') 2.0 0.2 1.3 1.9 0.4 0.2 Per cent in 1900 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.4 (') 2.1 0.2 1.7 2.2 0.5 0.5 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in — Austria 375 17 6 29 2 1 59 4,368 144 148 47 380 2 3 4 24 24 52 18 15 1 5 16 61 1 37 4 Canada — Other 154 3 48 4 5 9 174 573 20 535 27 68 1 40 3 5 93 211 4 190 4 England 60S 38 - 163 20 47 30 279 1,288 556 833 165 France 280 3 8 8 1 4 11 89 112 33 192 Germany 1,533 177 168 1,862 82 180 1,588 4,991 168 1,168 1,512 33 8 10 222 6 41 2 12 1 1 2 991 38 33 9 207 1 58 2,010 17 9 35 Ireland 414 11 222 41 18 20 387 1,430 48 583 145 426 6 22 161 1.847 1.607 1,138 201 27 4 41 188 2 420 1 18 1 1 1 4 2 2 1. 125 1 6 39 1 39 1.171 573 R88 36 Scotland 143 5 40 7 12 4 127 666 298 367 37 397 673 1 5 443 2. 4,51 6 10, 050 10 Switzerland 41 5 6 20 6 1 20 137 10 57 176 140 30 2 1 50 27 3 55 1 1 1 3 113 64 25 Other foreign countries 44 4 36 9 3 2 22 122 24 119 6 Native White: Both parents barn in — 336 3 5 35 5 21 3,076 77 67 34 22 8 1 10 81 4 38 1 Canada — Other 44 1 14 2 1 1 62 200 4 220 5 56 28 2 68 173 2 95 England ■521 50 151 12 86 58 356 1,228 230 853 192 France 102 6 9 25 3 6 11 85 31 22 150 Germany 2, 609 457 280 4,0,50 177 449 2, 578 8.630 399 2,116 2.657 3 4 2 1 1,407 47 31 4 115 4 693 5 1 14 Ireland 799 34 509 108 35 48 985 3.4:ts 81 1,675 267 174 10 6 25 1,090 838 408 75 24 2 3 27 171 1 334 4 845 1 17 2 34 559 336 176 48 Scotland no 2 75 7 14 4 168 699 174 4.SS 40 384 1 803 1 461 2, ,589 3 8, 463 10 Switzerland 17 5 2 14 7 2 22 135 7 32 205 All others of foreign parentage ^ 718 44 182 125 52 44 352 2,214 232 1 , 063 360 < Less than one-tentli of ) per cent. STATISTICS OF POPULATION 635 POPULATION FOR THE STATE AND FOR COUNTIES— Continued. SUBJECT . Ver- milion. Wabasli. Warren. Wash- ington. W ayne. White. White- side. Will. William- son. Winne- bago. Wood- ford. SEX Total. . .Male 41.423 7,584 11,921 9,662 12.947 11.710 17, 774 45,191 23,474 32.566 10,533 Female 36,573 7,329 11,392 9,097 12, 750 11, 342 16,733 39, 180 21, 624 30,587 9,973 White.. -Male 40,237 7,. 560 11,618 9,621 12,942 11,467 17,739 44,476 22,981 32,431 10,511 Female 35,708 7,308 11,112 9,064 12, 744 11,115 16,706 38,746 21,246 30,4.57 9,956 Negro... Male 1,173 24 296 40 5 243 35 704 4S9 127 20 Female 8fi5 21 280 33 6 227 27 430 377 130 17 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 25,358 4,171 7,341 6,016 6,466 6, 104 10,550 27,464 12,430 20,563 5.862 Number in 1900 90,465 S,S9S 8,916 4,962 6,673 6,456 10,350 22,721 7,122 14,005 6,071 Native white— Native parentage 18,093 3,396 5,248 1,604 5,967 5,219 5,462 6,225 9,375 6,978 2,582 Number in 1900 14,446 2,4S9 4,948 1,539 6,094 5,377 5,423 5,151 6,084 4,877 2,444 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 2,755 590 1,078 2,269 392 612 2,706 8,349 792 4,961 1,877 Number in 1900 9,S4S 601 908 1,873 428 681 2,390 6,634 424 3,291 1,771 Native white— Foreign parentage 1,834 290 735 1,701 164 313 1,926 6,450 472 3,738 1,340 Native white— Mixed parentage 921 294 343 568 228 299 780 1,899 320 1,223 537 Foreign-born white 3,631 167 811 1,113 105 145 2,357 12,301 1,963 8,517 1,391 Number in 1900 S,91S 2S6 940 1,522 151 252 2,519 10,354 4 O 6 5,742 1,818 Negro 866 18 197 29 2 128 25 579 297 99 10 Number in 1900 462 19 117 27 2 145 18 568 207 91 35 13 7 1 10 3 8 2 Per Cent op Total. Native white — Native parentage 71,4 81.4 71.5 32.0 92.3 85.5 51.8 22.7 75.4 33.9 44.0 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 10,9 14.1 14.7 45.2 6.1 10.0 25.6 30.4 6.4 24.1 32.0 Foreign-born white 14,3 4.0 11.0 22.2 1.6 2.4 22.3 44.8 15.8 41.4 23.7 Negro 3,4 0.4 2.7 0.6 (') 2.1 0.2 2.1 2.4 0.5 0.2 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized 2,171 101 629 848 57 70 1,673 6,287 633 4,984 882 240 25 7 3 81 677 360 657 49 Alien.” 816 13 108 19 1 5 331 4,424 659 1,964 154 Unknown 404 53 149 246 40 67 272 1,013 311 912 306 ILLITERACY Illiterate Males of Voting Age. Total number Illiterate 1,543 121 179 201 329 396 224 1,622 860 500 116 Per cent illiterate 6,1 2.9 2.4 4.0 5.1 6.5 2.1 5.9 6.9 2.4 2.0 Per cent in 1900 7.1 4-4 2.5 5.7 7.0 8.6 2.4 6.1 8.8 1.9 4.4 Native white^ number illiterate 452 112 68 121 319 355 66 89 561 29 44 Per cent illiterate 2.2 2.8 1.1 3.1 5.0 6.1 0.8 0.6 5.5 0.2 1.0 Fmeign-bora white, number illiterate 948 5 77 73 9 14 155 1,473 227 458 71 Per cent illiterate 26.1 3.0 9.5 6.6 8.6 9.7 6.6 12.0 11.6 5.4 5.1 135 4 34 7 1 27 3 60 70 12 15.6 17.3 21.1 10.4 23.6 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 61, 758 11,284 19, 033 14, 328 18, 934 17, 279 27,586 66, 899 32, 964 52,100 15, 896 Number illiterate 2,827 288 322 450 659 874 500 2,848 1,965 994 234 Per cent illiterate 4.6 2.6 1.7 3.1 3.5 5.1 1.8 4.3 6.0 1.9 1.5 Native white, number 53,694 10,971 17,060 12,224 18,738 16,672 23, 068 44,294 28,846 35,735 13,289 Number illiterate 908 266 130 243 643 793 132 186 1,385 62 96 Per cent illiterate 1.7 2.4 0.8 2.0 3.4 4.8 0.6 0.4 4.8 0.2 0.7 Foreign-born white, number 6,328 274 1,479 2,040 186 258 4,468 21,588 3,434 16,126 2,576 Number illiterate 1,649 17 115 192 14 25 365 2,561 444 912 135 Per cent illiterate 26.1 6.2 7.8 9.4 7.5 9.8 8.2 11.9 12.9 5.7 5.2 Negro, number '. 1,723 39 -487 63 10 351 50 1,005 680 231 29 Number illiterate 262 5 77 15 2 56 3 101 134 19 2 15.2 15.8 16.0 10.0 19.7 8.2 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 15,701 3,297 4,819 4,597 6,203 5,327 7,188 17,637 9,832 12,600 4,709 Number illiterate 170 39 24 23 38 74 25 149 169 76 8 Per cent illiterate 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.2 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 22, 010 4,653 6,491 6,432 8,795 7,593 9,869 24, 337 14,225 16. 896 6, 502 Number attending school 14.684 3.237 4,532 3,948 6,413 5.127 6,760 15,684 9.849 10,291 4,391 Per cent attending school 66.7 69.6 69.8 61.4 72.9 67.5 68.5 64.4 69.2 60.9 67.5 Number 6 to 9 years 6,309 1,356 1,672 1,835 2,592 2,266 2,681 6,700 4,393 4,296 1,793 Number attending school 5,312 1,124 1,478 1,179 2,176 1,748 2,404 5,695 3,582 3,382 1,556 Number 10 to 14 years 7,162 1,569 2,130 2,216 2,957 2,465 3,208 7,891 4,562 5,443 2,137 Number attending school 6,733 1,438 2,031 2,049 2,751 2,211 3,059 7,449 4,307 4,998 1,981 Number 15 to 17 years 4,221 862 1,300 1,278 1,709 1,491 1,978 4,708 2,633 3,257 1,317 Number attending school 2,106 539 776 605 1,136 934 1,007 2,117 1,561 1,415 702 Number 18 to 20 years 4,318 866 1,389 1,103 1,537 1,371 2,002 5,038 2,637 3,900 1,255 Number attending school 533 136 247 115 350 234 290 423 399 496 152 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 13,471 2,925 3,802 4,051 5,549 4,731 5,889 14,591 8,955 9,739 3,930 Number attending school 12,045 2,562 3,509 3,228 4,927 3,959 5,463 13,144 7,889 8,380 3,. 537 Per cent attending school 89.4 87.6 92.3 79.7 88.8 83.7 92.8 90.1 88.1 86.0 90.0 Native white — Native parentage, number 10,802 2,783 3,131 2,874 5,460 4,496 3,757 6,291 7,676 4,419 2,607 Number attending school 9,673 2,435 2,887 2,325 4,843 3,778 3,480 5,739 6,766 3,837 2,348 Per cent attending school 89.5 87.5 92.2 80.9 88.7 84.0 92.6 91.2 88.1 86.8 90.1 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number .. . 2,136 135 576 1,146 86 130 2,043 7,513 799 4,795 1,238 Number attending school 1,897 120 535 879 81 104 1,900 6,762 718 4,118 1,124 88.8 88.9 92.9 76.7 80.0 93.3 90.0 89.9 85.9 90.8 284 1 25 18 81 656 347 500 80 251 1 24 15 69 530 290 403 60 Per cent attending school * 88.4 80.8 83.6 80.6 Negro, number T 249 6 70 13 3 105 8 131 133 25 5 Number attending school 224 6 63 9 3 77 8 113 115 22 5 90.0 73.3 86.3 86.5 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 17,615 3,336 5,642 4,113 5,671 5,298 8,260 16,142 10,049 13,101 4,. 597 FamiUes, number 18, 141 3,476 5,753 4,158 5,712 5,410 8,385 17,796 10,208 14, 793 4,654 ’ Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 636 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table II.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP THE [Per cent not shown where base is less than 100.) iSUIUECT. Total, CITIES NAMED. Aurora. Bloom- ington.' Chicago. Dan- ville.' Deca- tur.' East St. Louis.' Elgin.' Joliet. Peoria.' Quincy. Rock- ford.' Spring- field.' POPULATION Total population, 1910 2,619,678 29, 807 25,768 2,185,283 27, 871 31, 140 58, 547 25, 976 34,670 66, 950 36,587 45,401 51,678 1900 2,022, 119 24, 147 23,286 1,698,575 16,354 20,754 29, 655 22, 433 29,353 56, 100 36,252 31,051 34, 159 1890 *. 1,345, 67,5 19,688 20, 484 1,099,850 11,491 16,841 16, 169 17,823 23,264 41,024 31,494 23,584 24,963 1880 668,546 11,873 17,180 503, 185 7,733 9,547 9,185 8.787 11,657 29,259 27,21)8 13,129 19,743 1870 430,303 11,162 14,590 298,977 4,751 7,161 5,644 5, 441 7,263 22,849 24,052 11,049 17,364 Increase, 1900-1910 597,550 5,660 2,482 486, 708 11,517 10,386 28,892 3.543 5,317 10,850 335 14,350 17,519 I’er cent of increase 29.6 23.4 10.7 28.7 70.4 60.0 97.4 15.8 18.1 19.3 0.9 46.2 61.3 Increase, 1S90-1900 076, 444 4,459 2,802 598,725 4,863 3,913 14,486 4,610 6,089 15,076 4,7.58 7,467 9,196 Per cent of increase 50.3 22.6 13.7 54.4 42.3 23.2 95.5 25.9 26.2 36.7 15.1 31.7 36.8 COLOR AND NATIVITY White 2, 557, 103 29,511 24, 953 2, 139,057 26,393 30,354 52, 646 25, 794 34, 161 65, 361 34,978 45, 196 48,699 Number in 1900 1,980,020 23, 929 22,681 1,687,140 15,714 20,131 27,842 22,238 28,688 54,684 34,213 30,836 31,925 Number in 1890 .* 1,S2S,4S9 19,462 20,001 1,084,998 11,243 18,322 14,389 17,659 22,934 40 , 136 29,720 23,438 23, 157 Negro 60,319 293 809 44, 103 1,465 776 5,882 171 497 1,569 1,596 197 2,961 Number in 1900 40, 724 211 699 30, 150 638 620 1,799 187 650 1,402 2,029 212 2,227 Number in 1890 21,650 217 460 14,271 246 610 772 162 327 864 1,771 14 s 1,798 Black 37,051 223 625 25,760 1.306 503 4,070 92 286 999 1,104 166 1,917 Mulatto 23,268 70 184 18,343 159 273 1,812 79 211 570 492 31 1,044 Indian 118 1 108 1 1 7 Chinese 1,892 2 5 1,778 12 7 19 10 12 17 12 7 11 242 1 233 3 1 2 1 1 All other 4 4 Native white — Native parentage 663,703 12,232 14,642 445, 139 19,521 22,566 30,447 10,346 9,753 36,615 19,103 15,395 27,944 502, 158 9,657 12 , lift 854,379 11,185 18,997 14,455 fi 569. 8,288 26,498 15,778 10,226 17, 102 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 1,038,973 10,577 e^ooi 912 ; 701 4,874 51366 12 ; 799 9,787 13i 967 19, 936 12,234 15, 973 13;856 Number in 1900 834,738 9,205 6,935 727,341 3,146 4,200 9,484 8,265 11,940 19,264 13,492 11,278 10, 188 Native white — Foreim parentage 791,019 7,207 4,682 705,019 3,089 3,399 8,i36 6,733 10,342 13,114 7,887 12, 297 9,114 Native white — Mixed parentage 247,954 3,370 2,222 207,682 1,785 1,967 4,663 3,054 3,625 6,822 4,347 3,676 4,741 Foreign-born white 854,427 6,702 3,407 781,217 1,998 » 2,422 9,400 5,661 10,441 8,810 3,641 13,828 6,900 Number in 1900 643 , 126 5,067 3,604 585,420 1,433 1,934 3,903 6,411 8,610 8,927 4,948 9,332 4,637 Peb Cent of Total Population. Native white — Native parentagd 25.3 41.0 56.8 20.4 70.0 72.5 52.0 39.8 28.1 54.7 52.2 33.9 64.1 Per cent in 1900 24-8 40.0 52.1 20.9 68.1 67.4 48.7 38.2 28.1 47.2 43.5 32.9 50.1 Native white — Foreigner mixed parentage 39.7 35.5 26.8 41.8 17.5 17.2 21.9 37.7 40.3 29.8 33.4 35.2 26.8 Per cent in 1900 41.3 38.1 29.8 42.8 19.2 20.2 32.0 36.8 40.7 34.3 37.2 36.3 29.8 Foreign-born white 32.6 22.5 13.2 35.7 7,2 7.8 16. 1 21.8 30.1 13.2 10.0 30.5 13.4 Per cent in 1900 31.8 21.0 15.6 34.5 8.8 9.3 13.2 24.1 29.0 15.9 13.6 30.1 13.6 Negro 2.3 1.0 3.1 2.0 5.3 2.5 10.0 0.7 1.4 2.3 4.4 0.4 5.7 Per cent in 1900 2.0 0.9 2.8 1.8 3.9 3.0 6.1 0.8 2.2 2.5 5.6 0.7 6.5 SEX Total... Male 1,346.468 15.118 12.321 1.125,764 13,721 15,443 32,363 12, 290 18,417 34, 362 17, 879 23. 302 25, 488 Female 1,273,210 14, 689 13,447 1, 059, 519 14, 150 15,697 26, 184 13, 686 16, 253 32,588 18, 708 22.099 26, 190 White... Male 1,313,148 14.975 11,906 1,101,110 12,955 15,041 29,111 12. 192 18,147 33, 475 17,062 23,201 23,973 Female 1,243,955 14.536 13,047 1,037,947 13, 438 15,313 23,535 13, 602 16,014 31,886 17,916 21,995 24,726 Negro... Male 31,224 140 409 22,685 753 392 3,233 87 261 867 804 93 1,500 Female 29,095 153 400 21,418 712 384 2. 649 84 236 702 792 104 1,461 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Boen White: Born in— Austria 138,040 213 46 132,059 22 22 1,672 92 2,921 354 15 137 487 2,957 67 2,665 23 5 9 5 6 121 27 2» Canada — French 4,886 94 8 4,633 6 13 12 20 26 28 11 20 16 Canada — Other 28,571 293 112 26,313 83 100 181 297 312 285 fi5 377 153 Denmark 12,037 48 12 If, 484 12 20 24 143 42 53 6 167 26 England 32,316 377 286 27,890 185 195 328 468 548 599 135 579 726 France 3,631 72 26 3,030 19 17 134 37 38 119 33 29 77 Germany 203,631 2, 554 1,568 182,281 1,042 1,523 1,427 2,282 1,577 3,739 2,840 671 2, 127 Greece 7,048 42 8 6,564 22 22 122 31 54 84 26 41 32 Holland 9,788 5 6 9,632 2 10 12 23 9 36 12 15 26 Hungary 33,872 631 158 28,938 4 2 1,807 309 1,273 585 11 9 145 Ireland 72,078 386 523 65,963 162 267 998 308 770 1,035 237 417 1,012 Italy 48,103 66 34 45, 169 32 31 80 77 1,043 185 43 1,067 276 Norway 25,098 1,55 18 24, 186 9 10 13 248 82 25 4 295 63 4,076 626 7 3,344 5 34 3 3 20 6 2 26 Russia 126,885 319 50 121,786 66 48 1,690 165 596 401 35 678 1,051 Scotland 11,751 88 78 10,. 303 63 55 66 137 267 155 27 266 246 Sweden 75, 229 5,50 369 63,035 190 31 64 761 679 494 24 8,916 116 Switzerland 4,347 60 36 3, 493 14 30 88 200 40 243 47 38 58 2,623 3 34 1,886 3 444 18 40 103 41 3 48 W ales. 2,141 21 17 1,818 17 4 29 11 69 51 2 22 80 Other foreign countries 5,319 32 11 4,745 17 17 166 26 46 95 21 52 91 Native White: Both parents born in— Austria 88,236 122 24 85,208 17 9 505 30 1,865 153 12 49 242 Canada — French 4,795 151 7 4,. 507 12 2 6 23 29 17 7 28 6 Canada — Other 7,965 143 21 7,202 28 26 64 73 119 81 26 145 37 Denmark 7,325 23 7 7,020 4 10 13 87 26 .38 1 77 19 England 18,723 347 207 14,860 152 166 306 394 439 649 105 512 586 France 2,428 47 15 1,845 20 14 194 25 40 125 29 14 60 Germany 281,877 3, 969 2,336 244, 185 1,858 2,050 3,048 3,518 2,741 6,749 6,589 1,286 3,548 Holland 8,199 5 1 8,070 2 6 12 21 8 35 11 14 14 9,260 75 38 8,286 4 4 200 29 384 109 1 70 Ireland. 113,673 768 1,131 99,346 467 667 2, 1.55 700 1,902 2,555 621 1,137 2,224 Italy 28,945 55 10 27, 737 22 5 41 13 479 35 47 378 123 Norway 18,870 173 12 18, 156 4 6 7 169 80 20 2 194 47 Russia 60,716 128 33 58,417 33 23 513 107 .301 225 21 169 746 Scotland 7,608 81 50 6,279 62 65 69 121 282 203 36 262 169 Sweden 56,710 473 421 46, 321 168 37 32 645 633 593 19 7,265 103 Switzerland 2, 506 42 14 2,0.33 5 32 66 112 33 148 24 22 36 W ales 1,744 28 23 1,467 26 5 41 18 56 23 2 8 47 All others of foreign parentage • 71,319 577 332 64,080 215 272 804 648 625 1,356 336 736 1,038 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 648. STATISTICS OF POPULATION G37 POPULATION FOR CITIES OF 25,000 OR MORE. [I’er cent not shown where base is less tlian 100.] SUBJECT. Total, CITIES NAMED. Aurora. Bloom- ington.' Chicago. Dan- ville.' De- catur.' East St. Louis.' Elgin.' Joliet. Peoria.' Quincy. Rock- ford.' Sliring- lield.' MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 842, 465 9,711 8,009 700, 590 8,514 9,703 21, 005 7,910 11,477 23, 054 11,388 15, 014 16, 090 Number in 1900 608, m 7,04i 6,828 511,048 6,016 6,057 9,841 6,353 8,932 18, 104 10,276 ^8,856 9,913 Native white — Native parentage 188,406 3,537 4,212 125, 703 5, .533 6,766 8,930 2,788 2,426 11,482 4, 785 4,497 7,747 Number in 1900 14 s, S5S S, 6 W S,4S9 103,674 S,228 3,966 3,883 2,264 1,972 7,714 3,399 2,760 4.469 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 209,965 2,505 1,907 175,397 1,437 1,540 4,041 2,404 2,971 6,248 4,230 3,333 3,952 Number in 1900 147,661 1.942 1,515 121,804 808 1,034 3,014 1,628 2,250 5,476 3,815 1,809 2,668 Native white — Foreim parentage 164, 698 1,922 1,422 139, 335 1,013 1,036 2,790 1,831 2,267 4,529 3,112 2, 600 2,841 Native white— Mixed parentage 45,267 583 485 36,062 424 504 1,251 573 704 1,719 1,118 TX3 1,111 Foreign-born white 418,343 3,566 1,612 379,850 1,005 1,127 5, 729 2,651 5,877 4,661 1,807 7,102 3,356 Number in 1900 £99,909 2,409 1,672 271,962 733 870 2.281 2,402 4,430 4,304 2,464 4,m 2,168 Negro 23,8.34 100 272 17,845 526 260 2,286 56 195 644 555 74 1,021 Number in 1900 16,066 75 196 12,414 245 194 649 51 265 597 588 79 70S Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and all other 1,917 3 6 1,795 13 10 19- 11 8 19 11 8 14 Per Cent of Total. Native white — Native parentage 22.4 36.4 ■ 52.6 17.9 65.0 69.7 42.5 35.2 21.1 49.8 42.0 30.0 48.1 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 24.9 25.8 23.8 25.0 16.9 15.9 19.2 30.4 25.9 27.1 37.1 22.2 24.6 Foreign-born white 49.7 36.7 20.1 54.2 11.8 11.6 27.3 33.5 51.2 20.2 15.9 47.3 20.9 Negro 2.8 1.0 3.4 2.5 6.2 2.7 10.9 0.7 1.7 2.8 4.9 0.5 6.3 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized 210, 739 1,795 1,152 190.693 727 694 1,613 1,608 2, 483 2,598 1,342 4,094 1,940 Having first papers 33,772 171 53 31,585 46 63 3''4 127 284 191 21 625 242 Alien 135,009 1,150 137 124,553 60 no 2,701 280 2,671 1,020 51 1,822 454 Unknown 38,823 450 270 33,019 172 270 1,041 636 439 852 393 561 720 ILLITERACY ILUTERATE MALES OF VOTING AGK. Total number illiterate 40,793 245 103 35,636 227 142 1,493 242 964 286 198 360 897 Per cent illiterate 4.8 2.5 1.3 5.1 2.7 1.5 7.1 3.1 8.4 1.2 1.7 2.4 5.6 Per cent in 1900 4.0 4.6 3.7 4-0 4.0 2.2 7.1 4.2 8.2 2.3 3.8 1 . 0 4. 7 Native white, number illiterate 1,349 21 37 717 109 64 82 26 29 72 61 9 132 Per cent illiterate 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.1 Foreign-bom white, number illiterate 37,865 213 45 34, 145 46 56 1,067 199 912 163 51 345 623 Per cent illiterate 9.1 6.0 2.8 9.0 4.6 5.0 18.6 7.5 15.5 3.5 2.8 4.9 18.6 Negro, number illiterate 1,314 11 21 546 64 28 341 13 23 47 81 5 134 5.5 11.0 7.7 3.1 12.2 10.8 14.9 11.8 7.3 14.6 13.1 Persons 10 Years Old and Over. Total number 2,130,082 24,756 21,815 1,770,"222 22, 801 25, 737 47, 279 22, 122 27, 696 56.610 30.936 37, 839 42. 269 Number illiterate 90,405 494 260 79,911 544 330 2,614 615 1,619 724 552 761 1,981 Per cent illiterate 4.2 2.0 1.2 4.5 2.4 ■ 1.3 5.5 2.8 5.8 1.3 1.8 2.0 4.7 Native white, number 1,245,652 17,950 17, 785 971,130 19,574 22,729 33,295 16,396 17,099 46,538 25,909 24, 193 33,054 Number illiterate 3,807 45 80 2,260 255 130 236 72 59 197 168 22 283 Per cent illiterate 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.? 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.9 Foreim-bom white, number 829,010 6,552 3,346 757, 569 1,981 2,335 9,072 5,568 10,152 8,680 3,619 13, 460 6,676 Number illiterate 82,972 427 120 75,802 115 139 1,660 515 1,514 423 188 729 1,340 Per cent illiterate 10.0 6.5 3.6 10.0 5.8 6.0 18.3 9.2 14.9 4.9 5.2 5.4 20.1 Negro, number 53,251 251 678 39,484 1,2.33 663 4,893 147 436 1,372 1,395 178 2,521 Number illiterate 3,334 22 60 1,595 166 57 715 24 46 99 191 9 350 Per cent illiterate 6.3 8.8 8.8 4.0 13.5 8.6 14.6 16.3 10.6 7.2 13.7 5.1 13.9 Persons 10 to 20 Years, inclusive. Total number 527,931 5,892 5,077 443, 003 5.499 6,244 11,265 5,038 6,936 12, 660 7, 473 8,960 9,884 Number illiterate 7,171 24 11 6,541 24 14 229 26 87 36 9 60 110 Per cent illiterate 1.4 0.4 0.2 1.5 0.4 0.2 2.0 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.7 1.1 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 707,581 7,817 6,576 594, 012 7,529 8,372 15,349 6,578 9,507 16,651 9,727 11, 885 13,578 Number attending school 417,598 4,517 4,269 349. 037 4,983 5, 199 8, 519 4.274 5,863 10. 124 5,729 7,020 8,064 Per cent attending school 59.0 57.8 64.9 58.8 66.2 62.1 65.5 65.0 61.7 60.8 58.9 59.1 59.4 Number 6 to 9 years 179,650 1,925 1,499 151,009 2,030 2,128 4,084 1,540 2,571 3,991 2,254 2, 925 3,694 Number attending school 148,806 1,552 1,289 125, 108 1,811 1,855 3,219 1,375 2, 180 3,373 1,860 2,272 2,912 Number 10 to 14 years 221,252 2,439 2,096 185, 799 2,390 2,629 4,585 2,121 2,933 5,246 3,018 3,730 4,266 Number attending school 204, 203 2,181 1,974 171,658 2,252 2,411 4,139 1,971 2, 746 4,851 2, 749 3,422 3,849 Number 15 to 17 years 142,056 1,583 1,440 119,177 1,545 1,713 2, 956 1,416 1,810 3,453 2,073 2,288 2,602 Number attending school 50,997 615 729 41,580 711 690 987 695 767 1,501 776 947 999 Number 18 to 20 years 164,623 1,870 1,541 138,027 1,564 1,902 3,724 1,501 2, 193 3,961 2,382 2, 942 3,016 Number attending school 13,592 169 277 10,691 209 243 174 233 170 399 344 379 304 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 400,902 4,364 3,595 336,808 4,420 4,757 8,669 3,661 5,504 9,237 5,272 6,655 7,960 Number attending school 353,009 3,733 3,263 296,766 4,063 4,266 7,3.58 3,346 4,926 8,224 4,609 5,694 6,761 Per cent attending school 88.1 85.5 90.8 88.1 91.9 89.7 84.9 91.4 89.5 89.0 87.4 85.6 84.9 Native white — Native parentage, number 117,618 2,121 2,305 79, 064 3,436 3,634 5,770 1,703 2,059 6,059 3,847 2,552 5,068 Number attending school 104,552 1,836 2,094 70, 540 3,157 3,255 4,962 1,566 1,894 5,374 3,383 2,186 4,305 Per cent attending school 88.9 86.6 90.8 89.2 91.9 89.6 86.0 92.0 92.0 88.7 87.9 85.7 84.9 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage, number. 240,930 2,025 1,097 219, 774 770 912 1,786 1,803 3,008 2,792 1,193 3,647 2,123 Number attending school 212,604 1,742 995 193,994 710 830 1,513 1,648 2,675 2,526 1,028 3,137 1,806 Per cent attending school 88.2 86.0 90.7 88.3 92.2 91.0 84.7 91.4 88.9 90.5 86.2 86.0 85.1 Foreign-bom white, number 36,319 169 77 34,078 31 103 361 136 372 199 22 439 332 Number attending school 30,581 120 71 28, 760 29 90 280 116 297 172 19 357 270 Per cent attending school 84.2 71.0 84.4 87.4 77.6 85.3 79.8 86.4 81 3 81 8 Negro, number ~ 5,983 49 116 3,840 183 108 752 19 65 187 210 17 437 Number attending school 5,224 35 103 3,424 167 91 603 16 60 152 179 14 380 Per cent attending school 87.3 88.8 89.2 91.3 84.3 80.2 81.3 85.2 87.0 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 337,813 6,235 6,082 246, 744 6,793 7,131 11,628 5,383 6,005 14,111 7,685 8,802 11,214 Famihes, number 573,685 6,864 6,455 473, 141 7,167 7,588 12,888 6,024 7,199 15,225 8,792 10, 437 11,905 > Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but bora in different countries. 638 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Tahle TII.— C0MP0SITK)N AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 10,000 TO 25,000, SUBJECT. Total, PLACES NAMED. Alton.’ Belle- ville.’ Cairo. Canton. Cham- paign.’ Chicago Heights. Cicero. Evans- ton. Free- port.’ COLOR AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 331, 285 17,528 21,122 14,548 10, 453 12,421 14, 525 14,557 24,978 17, 567 1000 2;j0,405 14,210 17, 484 12, 566 6,564 9,098 5,100 16,310 19,259 13,258 Native white — Native parentage 1.52, 708 10,090 9,840 6,875 7,8.37 8,373 3,664 1,677 10, 165 9,247 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 102, 185 4,772 8,565 1,693 1,391 2,337 4,671 6,801 7,912 5,957 Foreign-bom white 6:1,581 1,.504 2,500 540 1, 122 948 6,077 6,072 5,700 2,290 12, 696 1,160 216 5,434 lai 759 104 7 1, 160 68 115 2 1 6 4 9 41 5 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreign-Born White: Born in— Austria 6,256 48 100 5 195 10 923 1,688 200 37 2, 134 2 4 49 1 4 9 4 Canada — French '698 8 4 3 1 4 5 sV 14 13 Canada — Other 2,032 37 12 33 36 59 90 82 446 89 753 9 2 6 17 15 34 111 9 England 4,115 151 230 13 208 145 106 144 612 111 France 399 16 49 15 3 6 25 17 50 20 Germany 15,792 685 1,841 194 59 386 612 1,746 1,097 1,419 Greece 919 31 7 5 113 9 182 1 10 54 Holland 383 1 8 1 5 6 143 25 19 Hungary 969 7 5 5 19 3 219 241 43 10 Ireland 3,603 184 31 140 44 147 76 160 465 173 Italy 3,920 88 34 9 45 53 2,240 223 79 84 1, 170 3 3 2 4 37 32 433 19 Russia". 5,685 62 36 45 72 21 1,013 1,251 285 24 Scotland 1,231 35 59 7 35 20 56 50 192 14 Sweden 11,098 23 13 9 96 31 402 161 1,545 62 409 58 44 8 9 14 14 24 59 739 11 42 63 1 33 3 - 16 70 Other foreign countries 1,376 45 21 3 76 17 23 44 144 10 Native White: Both parenu born in— Austria 3,954 12 94 4 72 2 412 1,247 35 26 865 3 3 2 3 11 22 15 5 659 9 9 7 11 41 26 128 38 453 3 1 10 19 13 72 2 England 3,588 214 307 16 154 92 95 75 301 134 France 343 12 77 14 2 4 13 17 10 19 Germany 27,601 1,627 4,315 416 99 627 1,057 2,341 1,821 2,632 Holland 335 2 9 3 5 1 7 138 17 9 Ireland 7,996 557 100 292 133 367 168 264 506 500 Italy 1,760 38 22 17 21 49 984 89 49 9 785 2 1 8 39 23 235 15 Russia 2,862 30 23 38 52 12 351 672 80 14 Scotland 1.001 31 37 16 28 12 37 24 114 16 Sweden • 9,918 6 4 10 93 27 265 146 852 64 354 50 45 7 12 17 6 16 31 All others of foreign parentage 2 7,739 261 316 184 116 137 307 552 845^ 267 SEX Total.. -Male 168,349 8,911 10,578 7,420 5.335 6,170 8,746 7,953 11,592 8,696 Female 162, 936 8,617 10, 544 7, 128 5,118 6,251 6,779 6, 604 13, 386 8,871 White... Male 161,839 8,286 10,445 4,722 5,284 5,783 8,673 7,949 10,997 8,658 Female 156, 635 8, 080 10, 460 4,386 5,066 5,875 5,739 6,601 12, 780 8,836 Negro. . .Male 6,420 623 132 2,692 51 383 64 4 568 34 Female 6,276 537 84 2,742 52 376 40 3 592 34 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 104,723 5,373 6,140 4,904 3,428 4,068 5,512 4.277 7,236 5,618 Native white — Native parentage 41,541 2,513 1,779 2, 135 2,289 2,609 1,173 353 2,733 2,525 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 25,985 1,705 3,047 659 404 758 738 726 1,607 1,859 Foreign-bom white 32,817 764 1,227 272 703 454 3,539 3, 196 2,501 1,209 Negro 4,305 389 86 1,832 32 243 54 2 378 21 Citizenship of Foreign-Born Wihtb. Naturalized 18,951 484 770 152 244 300 1,135 1,354 1,349 778 Having first papers 1,962 25 58 8 39 13 152 257 228 31 9,238 132 70 27 334 45 1,847 1,279 632 210 Unknown 4,666 123 329 85 86 96 405 306 292 190 ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over 270, 065 14,230 16, 837 12,223 8.558 10, 467 11.110 10, 402 20, 665 14,660 Number illiterate 11,942 479 321 970 172 247 2,857 610 296 192 Native white 10 years old and over 197,313 11,795 14,202 6,996 7,385 8,905 5,182 4,548 14,085 12,328 Number illiterate 2, 009 225 102 83 68 41 30 15 16 38 Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over 61,931 1,479 2, 450 537 1,094 934 6,826 5,849 5,605 2,269 Number illiterate 8, 404 126 201 31 92 149 2, 813 595 232 147 Negro 10 years old and over 10.719 954 184 4, 684 79 624 93 5 941 68 Number illiterate 1,514 128 18 855 12 55 6 47 7 Illiterate males of voting ago 5,982 207 98 403 96 113 1,826 318 158 80 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 89, 563 5,069 6,261 3,728 2. 690 3,115 3,742 4,486 6,378 4,406 Number attending schooi 56, 073 3,151 3,608 2,315 1,770 2, 199 2, 001 2,606 4,489 2,769 Persons 6 to 14 Year.s, inclusive. Total number 51,6.34 2,899 3,674 2, 089 1,6.50 1,7.34 2,204 2,958 3, 667 2, 484 Number attending school 45, 105 2, 646 3,218 1,813 1,42.5 1,558 1,755 2,412 3,338 2, 241 Native white— Native parentage, number 28,574 2, 188 2,680 1,184 1,321 1,299 653 414 1,680 1,661 Number attending school 2.5, 246 2,000 2,349 1,062 1,212 1, 167 51,8 :i70 1,5.59 1,521 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number 19,071 495 892 161 180 305 1,187 2,217 1,720 788 Number attending sctiool .' 16,. 590 453 773 151 171 273 974 1,779 1,557 691 Foreign-bom white, number 2,215 35 75 9 34 16 355 325 89 29 Number attending school 1,786 25 71 8 28 14 257 262 71 23 Negro, number 1,759 181 27 7,35 15 114 9 2 170 0 Number attending school 1,471 162 25 592 14 104 6 1 145 6 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 67, 781 3,649 4,593 3, 256 2,541 2,882 2,0.15 1,081 4,299 4,075 Families, number 75,210 3,975 4,903 3,651 2,651 3, 124 2, 784 2, 776 5,315 4,256 For changes in bonndaries, etc., see page 648. Native whites having belli parents born in countries other than specified, and also those having both parents of foreign birth but born in different countcies. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. G39 TAni,E III.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION EOR PLACES OF 10,000 TO 25, 000— Could. SUUJLCT. Gales- burg. Jackson- ville. Kanka- kee. La Salle. Lincoln.* Mat- toon.* Moline.* Oak Park.* Rock Island. Streator. Wauke- gan. COLOR AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 22. 089 15,326 13,986 11,537 10, 892 11,456 24,199 19,444 24,335 14,253 16,069 KNW) 18,607 15,078 13,595 10,446 8,962 9,622 17,248 19,493 14,079 9,426 Native white — Native parentage 12,072 9,734 6,934 2,413 6,486 9,716 8,008 9,454 10,385 4,868 4,870 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 5,725 3,164 4,532 5,680 2,749 1, 152 8,699 6,535 8, 623 5,756 5,471 Foreign-bom white 3,590 1,178 2,312 3,442 1,377 415 7,211 3,325 4,922 3,432 5,624 701 1,245 204 278 166 281 116 397 190 101 1 5 4 2 2 7 14 8 1 3 FOREIGN NATIONALITIES Foreiqn-Boen White; Born in — Austria 95 15 54 793 152 1 20 83 60 880 897 5 2 15 20 1 1,349 7 614 6 42 Canada— French 9 5 395 1 1 4 5 41 17 1 33 Canada— Other 85 38 100 32 23 40 85 375 154 73 143 Denmark 11 4 54 5 5 1 124 106 59 31 ISO England 161 220 123 131 151 53 137 481 176 678 184 14 9 36 18 4 15 20 47 23 12 Germany 192 300 892 1,418 602 129 728 868 1,427 625 572 Greece 35 6 37 8 10 3 210 21 143 17 17 4 4 1 3 48 45 30 4 36 Hungary 12 27 4 16 137 1 5 12 26 64 113 Ireland 265 276 105 224 145 115 119 237 330 199 168 Italy 93 14 120 325 14 2 15 20 129 217 116 Norway 15 4 20 2 6 2 120 257 82 31 98 Russia 27 41 225 328 86 5 203 19 488 44 1,410 Scotland 56 23 26 52 19 13 61 186 65 203 59 Sweden 2,406 53 69 40 6 9 3,921 434 946 136 746 Switzerland 5 14 27 6 2 6 7 22 69 7 14 72 6 1 20 2 9 7 99 284 Other foreign countries 28 117 8 23 10 11 37 82 53 94 530 Native White: Both parents born in — Austria 2 12 30 350 91 3 18 59 20 1,097 368 3 11 689 2 10 45 12 29 Canada— Other 34 6 31 20 io 18 41 126 57 13 34 14 4 42 5 4 72 57 38 15 82 England 137 223 112 140 68 54 146 375 194 588 163 France 11 7 25 24 2 5 17 9 50 17 8 Germany 411 483 1,214 2,366 924 225 1,302 1,470 2,328 990 953 Holland 2 3 5 1 2 1 22 65 19 2 22 Ireland 658 607 224 657 288 220 311 461 859 476 448 Italy 30 7 26 173 24 11 3 27 43 91 47 Norway 12 3 16 5 19 1 81 179 53 25 68 Russia 17 44 92 202 90 7 66 4 396 29 643 Scotland 57 23 14 54 39 11 35 186 58 163 46 Sweden 2,502 55 57 50 35 9 3,756 269 1,017 123 578 6 21 2 4 5 11 26 76 13 6 All others of foreign parentage * 173 401 241 425 219 50 722 679 749 546 549 SEX TotaL..Male 10, 983 7,127 6,912 6,037 5,361 5,708 13,274 8,964 12,487 7,259 8,836 Female 11, 106 8,199 7,074 5,500 5,531 5,748 10,925 10, 480 11,848 6,994 7,233 White.. .Male 10,634 6,512 6,804 6,035 5,219 5,623 13,120 8,902 12,262 7,151 8,780 Female 10,753 7,564 6,974 5,500 5,393 5,660 10,798 10,412 11,668 6,905 7, 185 348 610 104 140 80 154 49 224 107 53 . 353 635 100 138 86 127 67 173 89 48 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 7,122 4,607 4,207 3,344 3,000 3,423 8,869 5,540 8,220 4, 152 6,683 Native white— Native parentage 3,501 2,630 1,750 475 1,625 2,728 2,555 2,438 3,057 1,274 1,399 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 1,531 1,035 1,237 1,145 701 408 2, 121 1,670 2,466 1,106 1,962 Foreign-bom white 1,844 540 1, 134 1,722 597 228 4,089 1,380 2,537 1,705 3,176 245 397 82 75 56 104 41 159 66 43 Citizenship of Foreign-Born White. Naturalized 1,192 294 747 888 304 156 2,229 934 1,491 1,063 1,087 Having first papers 80 5 34 56 52 4 357 45 166 61 291 303 23 176 497 25 25 1,115 124 499 346 1,529 Unknown 269 218 177 281 216 43 388 277 381 235 269 ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over 18,609 13,237 11,255 8,832 8,923 9,174 20, 175 16,265 20,430 11,312 12, 701 Number illiterate 374 488 542 435 894 131 339 58 547 697 1,293 Native white 10 years old and over 14,454 11,031 8,824 5,529 7,409 8,615 12,921 12,831 15,307 7,781 7,185 Number illiterate 26 176 133 28 741 85 49 9 42 79 23 Foreim-bom white 10 years old and over 3,555 1, 162 2,255 3,301 1,295 412 7,025 3,310 4,784 3,365 5,424 Number ilUterate 306 139 368 407 124 26 260 41 475 601 1,265 Negro 10 years old and over 599 1,039 172 217 142 229 110 335 165 89 "Number illiterate 42 170 41 29 20 24 8 30 17 5 Illiterate males of voting age 164 219 271 194 259 54 160 10 278 318 . 756 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, Inclusive 5.684 3,917 3, 881 3,589 3,589 3,214 6,105 5,126 6,196 4,316 4,071 Number attending school 3,615 2,821 2,300 2,037 2, 101 1,741 3,778 3,649 3,899 2,589 2,635 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Total number 3,212 2, 137 2, 191, 2,098 2, 107 1,959 3,344 2,953 3,483 2,439 2,452 Number attending school 2,693 1,964 1,930 1,774 1,690 1,419 3,098 2,661 3,139 2, 167 2, 164 Native white— Native parentage, number 1,9,86 1,602 1,386 603 1,396 1,824 1,342 1,739 1,827 879 910 Number attending school 1,665 1,470 1,234 540 1, 143 1,317 1,242 1,579 1,654 801 837 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage, number 1,008 334 716 1,308 550 106 1,763 1,168 1,442 1,393 1,278 Number attending school T ~ '913 310 630 1,090 417 84 1,648 1,040 1,297 i; 221 1, 112 Foreim-bom white, number 64 23 68 187 118 7 204 40 157 '127 253 Number attending school 47 19 48 144 96 6 176 36 141 no 204 Negro, number 94 178 21 43 20 35 5 53 40 n Number attending school 68 159 18 34 10 32 5 44 35 11 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 5,142 3,160 3,024 2, 167 2,217 2,774 4,830 3,818 5,357 3, 146 2,825 Famihes, number 5,489 3,303 3,321 2,323 2,277 2,854 5,467 4,367 5,743 3,246 3,385 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 648. * Native whites having both parents bom in countries other than specified, and also those having both patents of foreign birth but born in different countries. 640 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Taulk IV.— composition AND CnAIlACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 lUOO Male Feinulo Native wliite— Native parentage W^ative wliite — Foreign or mixed parentage -^' oreign-born white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white— Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Peesons 6 TO 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-born white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Families, number Total, PLACES NAMED. Anna. Avery- villo. Bata- via. Beards- town. Bclvi- dere. Benton. Ber- wyn.! Blue Island. Bridge- port. Bush- nell. Carbon- dale. Carlin- viUe. CarmL 525,960 2,809 2,668 4,436 6,107 7,253 2,675 5, 841 8,043 2,703 2,619 5.411 3,616 2.833 384, 005 2,618 1,573 3,871 4,827 6,937 1,341 6,114 487 2,490 3,318 3,602 2,939 205,022 1,313 1,370 2,211 3, 135 .3, .509 1,346 2,8,54 4, 155 1,480 1,205 2,614 1,675 1,355 200, 944 1,496 1,298 2,225 2,972 3, 744 1,329 2,987 3,888 1,223 1,354 2, 797 1,941 1,478 305, 033 2,581 1,.580 1,495 4,515 3,793 2,209 1,740 2,528 2, 468 2,228 3, 868 2,178 2, 218 127,789 183 704 1,626 1,239 2,349 232 2,522 3,593 170 269 325 1,029 287 79.882 41 319 1, 256 353 1,070 229 1,570 1,903 45 110 77 358 78 12, .523 3 5 56 41 5 7 13 20 12 1,140 51 250 139 1 3 2 6 1 160,252 748 827 1,359 1,925 2,289 739 1,571 2,388 948 849 1,600 1,030 806 82, 109 649 431 395 1,251 1,069 560 402 555 855 686 1,073 504 579 31,900 75 212 298 484 663 55 414 809 65 100 102 323 114 42, 040 22 181 645 190 644 122 751 1,015 23 58 41 191 44 21,888 17 127 412 109 405 17 536 625 14 22 21 147 8 3,964 1 3 18 13 2 2 3 5 5 383 12 69 420, 683 2,190 2,092 3,661 4.947 6,108 2,001 4,404 6,352 2,079 2,249 4,344 2,979 e,27* 12,940 148 45 58 95 90 135 • 98 286 63 24 276 61 163 332, 805 2,145 1,771 2,365 4,596 5,024 1,788 2,876 4,466 2,017 2,134 3,323 2,580 2,017 3,958 143 15 8 58 19 71 5 21 68 18 98 37 128 77, 556 41 317 1,247 351 1,052 208 1,520 1,874 43 103 73 358 78 7,582 3 30 48 37 69 64 91 265 3 6 22 17 8 10, 184 3 4 46 32 5 6 6 19 12 947 41 184 1,376 2 2 2 2 156 7 32 6,088 55 16 11 47 28 62 17 165 30 8 108 26 68 146,575 805 748 1,235 1,680 1.869 803 1,817 2,446 692 630 1,517 1,039 801 95, 934 589 516 827 1,122 1,221 388 1,223 1,550 452 439 1,056 723 520 81,832 498 465 693 972 1,024 457 1,135 1,435 428 349 684 593 440 72, 182 457 436 626 888 893 272 984 1,256 381 317 604 652 372 3,222 2 29 2 26 21 68 41 6 7 1 2, 702 2 26 2 22 8 4G 26 6 6 1 2,050 16 7 1 3 4 169 12 52 1,744 15 5 3 4 149 11 42 118,701 688 616 1,013 1,410 1,820 614 1,182 1.509 605 697 1,221 895 768 120,067 713 657 1,070 1,523 1,894 614 1,272 1,746 658 726 1,308 918 786 SUBJECT. Carter- vUle. Centra- lia. Charles- ton. Ches- ter. Clin- ton. Coal City. Collins- ville. De- kalb. Dixon. Down- ers Grove. Du- quoin. East Moline.' Ed- wards- ville. EfBng- ham. SEX, COLOR. AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 2,971 9,680 5,884 2.747 5,165 2,667 7,478 8,102 7.216 2,601 5,454 2,665 5,014 3,898 1900 1,749 6, 721 5, 488 2,832 4,452 2, 607 4,021 6,904 7,917 2, 103 4, 353 4, 157 3,774 Male 1,442 4,815 2,834 1,295 2.617 1,406 3,990 4,304 3,329 1,265 2,693 1,752 2, 486 1,917 J'emale 1,529 4,865 3,050 1,452 2, 648 1,261 3,488 3,798 3,887 1,336 2,761 913 2,528 1,981 Native white — Native parentage 2,546 6,791 5,330 1,650 4,285 310 3,100 2,883 4,438 1,189 3,226 785 2,542 2,779 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 314 1,622 415 754 635 1,317 2, .574 2,617 2,016 955 1, 107 632 1,512 809 Foreign-bom white 111 673 113 178 201 1,037 1,552 2,584 719 452 537 1,232 591 307 593 25 165 43 3 250 13 43 4 684 16 368 3 1 1 1 2 5 1 1 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 798 2,764 1,722 770 1,682 698 2,249 2.796 2,210 722 1,498 1,202 1,480 1,143 Native white — Native parentage 632 1,806 1,495 357 1,297 52 688 821 1,235 288 7('i0 216 672 704 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 94 452 159 274 254 157 625 492 624 190 308 122 529 265 Foreign-born white 72 3.52 58 87 112 487 854 1,478 336 240 272 851 276 173 Naturalized 42 221 33 50 59 330 367 637 293 210 148 134 132 54 Negro 153 9 52 18 2 80 2 15 3 158 13 102 1 ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over 2,214 7,574 4,827 2,214 4,240 1,893 6,637 6,546 6, 170 2,067 4,218 2, 143 4,009 3,167 Number Illiterate 112 94 99 86 69 77 327 173 75 52 132 81 132 54 Native white 10 years old and over 2, 104 6,459 4,694 1,916 4,005 912 3,962 4,010 5,421 1,615 3,285 941 3,171 2,862 Number illiterate 105 57 94 41 35 4 40 8 9 1 49 6 14 37 Foreign-born white 10 years old and over 110 652 113 178 201 978 1,491 2,522 711 447 490 1,187 560 302 Number Illiterate 7 25 5 14 28 73 276 161 63 51 43 74 96 17 4G2 19 120 33 3 182 9 38 4 443 15 277 3 12 31 5 11 3 40 1 21 Illiterate males of voting age 44 37 45 21 34 26 143 103 30 26 43 61 60 17 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 916 2,918 1,667 807 1,338 904 2,246 2,068 1,807 760 1,672 650 1,415 1,111 Number attending school 644 1,901 1,201 515 881 615 1,266 1,401 1,200 544 1,111 356 869 739 Peesons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number 682 1,640 968 452 790 507 1,261 1,114 1,028 469 840 275 707 632 Number attending school 648 1,428 887 383 681 484 1,000 1,067 900 422 746 256 612 680 1 28 87 72 74 10 8 47 61 38 3 1 22 77 54 68 9 6 42 41 30 1 128 2 24 7 44 1 4 113 78 1 “Number attending school 107 2 18 6 29 1 4 95 70 1 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 704 2,208 1,460 6.56 1,285 567 1,,5,58 1,6.59 1.843 .594 1,287 463 1,136 904 Families, number 720 2,299 1,532 680 1,316 669 1,064 1,848 1,913 617 1,305 493 1, 190 927 • For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 648. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. Table IV.— COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 641 2,500 TO 10,000— Contd SUBJECT. Eldo- rado. Fair- bury. Flora. Forest I’ark.i Galena. (jcno- soo. Gran- ite. Green- ville. Harris- burg. Har- vard. Har- vey. Ha- vana. Herrin. High- land. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 3,366 2,505 2,704 6.594 4, 835 3,199 9,903 3,178 5,309 3,008 7,227 3,525 6,861 2,675 190(» 1,445 2,187 2,311 4,085 5,005 3,356 3,122 2,504 2,202 2,602 5,395 3,268 1,559 1,970 Male 1,714 1,168 1,308 3,316 2,287 1,432 6,139 1,476 2,717 1,497 3,924 1,731 3,608 1,2.38 Female 1,652 1,337 1,396 3,278 2,548 1,767 3,764 1,702 2,592 1,511 3,303 1,794 3,253 1,437 Native white— Native parentage 2,886 1,553 2,499 1,097 2, 157 1,605 4,914 2,636 4,400 1,568 3,022 2,6M 4,741 1,161 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 210 5o4f 165 3,325 2,023 1,040 2,185 377 349 969 2,203 629 1,040 1,101 Foreign-born white 270 331 4(J 2,160 642 554 2,784 100 295 464 1,784 224 1,080 413 67 8 13 18 65 262 6 215 7 4 2 3 1 3 1 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 953 800 733 1,908 1,494 955 4,149 901 1,567 971 2,444 1,079 1,918 710 Native white — Native parentage 766 453 649 199 393 405 1,555 690 1,192 444 905 752 1,237 138 Native white — Foreign or mLxed parentage 54 172 59 650 774 308 716 134 101 271 501 215 114 367 Foreign-born white 133 153 25 1,053 323 242 1,863 53 180 251 974 107 565 205 Katuralized 38 131 19 821 266 174 344 28 49 143 385 70 205 160 22 3 4 13 24 91 4 62 4 ILLITERACY / Total number 10 years old and over 2,491 2, 180 2,088 5,156 4,046 2,770 8,016 2, 632 4, 101 2,504 5,735 2,876 4,908 2,184 Number illiterate 140 44 54 34 70 47 512 38 270 51 112 68 90 56 Native white 10 years old and over 2,259 1,797 2,048 3,006 3,395 2,218 5,297 2,476 3,593 2,042 3,865 2,648 3,877 1,772 Number illiterate 121 13 46 1 27 15 50 22 161 4 4 36 44 16 Foreign-born white 10 years old and over 232 325 40 2,140 640 552 2,699 100 284 455 1,703 220 1,031 412 Number illiterate 19 21 8 31 41 32 462 3 68 47 101 32 46 40 58 6 11 18 56 221 6 164 7 10 2 13 38 7 Illiterate males of voting age 64 13 22 19 27 14 342 19 129 22 53 21 45 13 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 1,034 576 798 1,963 1,179 782 2,478 881 1,621 775 1.954 963 2,036 793 Number attending school 687 392 543 1,122 852 570 1,389 495 1,006 534 1,260 672 1,395 512 Persons 6 to 14 Ye.4rs, inclusive. Native white, number 601 291 507 1,137 704 448 1,205 470 892 431 1,041 561 1,226 456 Number attending school 525 274 428 974 660 425 1,106 338 744 402 927 507 1,091 431 40 6 46 3 5 111 11 12 96 7 79 2 33 6 37 3 4 93 8 9 90 7 71 2 14 3 11 48 47 1 13 3 9 45 46 1 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 745 714 651 1,164 1,264 939 1,436 797 1,148 720 1,329 903 1,532 595 Families, number 771 720 671 1,528 1,288 957 1,974 832 1,250 746 1,594 921 1,575 641 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 1900 Male.... Female. Native white — Native parentage Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-born white Negro Indian, Chinese, and Japanese MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number Native white — Native parentage Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign-born white Naturalized Negro ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over Number illiterate Native white 10 years old and over Number illiterate. Foreign-born white 10 years old and over., Number illiterate Negro 10 years old and over Number illiterate Illiterate males of voting age. SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive Number attending school Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclustve. Native white, number Number attending school Foreign-born white, number Number attending school Negro, number Number attending school DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number Feimilies, number High- land Park. 4,209 2,806 2,008 2,201 1,906 1,399 864 34 6 1,222 511 353 341 120 13 3,465 31 2,573 5 853 26 33 1,076 630 623 482 19 14 1 1 810 869 Hills- boro. 3,424 1,937 1,697 1,727 2,648 441 260 75 1,020 714 147 138 64 21 2,708 47 2,400 17 242 14 64 16 23 930 638 547 499 19 17 10 10 Hoopes- town. 4,698 3,823 2,316 2,382 3,879 534 238 47 1,404 1,120 145 119 79 20 3,823 58 3,559 38 231 18 38 2 26 1,304 793 732 616 6 6 4 3 832 858 1,180 1,216 Jersey- ville. 4,113 3,517 1,970 2,143 3,033 784 224 72 1,227 800 290 113 57 24 3,447 102 3,161 59 223 30 63 13 45 1,166 776 648 556 1 1 15 14 1,005 1,032 Johns- ton. 3,248 787 1,726 1,522 2,056 494 696 968 516 72 379 131 2,276 173 1,639 59 636 114 64 890 654 538 494 65 61 719 722 Ke- 9,307 8,382 4,782 4,525 4,063 2,972 2,186 85 1 3,009 1,108 713 1,155 617 32 7,575 380 5,368 24 2H29 ^48 77 7 195 2,367 1,509 1,256 1,142 85 72 8 7 2,187 2,268 La Grange. 5,282 3,969 2,462 2,820 2,663 1,605 910 1,504 705 343 414 295 38 4,331 21 3,336 4 904 12 85 5 13 1,387 1,049 789 757 11 8 10 10 1,071 1,186 Lake Forest. 3,349 2,215 1,575 1,774 969 1,123 1,106 145 6 1,001 257 211 478 251 49 2,739 45 1,538 3 1,075 29 120 13 18 823 615 472 4.53 30 28 21 18 602 664 Law- rence- ville. 3,235 1,300 1,655 1,580 2,966 184 44 41 1,004 874 78 32 19 20 2,529 57 2,452 55 44 1 33 1 31 912 647 558 518 710 776 Litch- field. 5,971 5,918 2,920 3,051 4,336 1,100 429 106 1,778 1,193 347 204 107 34 4,865 162 4,350 95 428 54 87 13 64 1,639 1,053 991 858 3 1 17 15 1,535 1,582 Lock- port. 2, 555 2,6.59 1,237 1,318 999 989 473 94 755 226 258 239 201 32 2, 120 33 1,575 2 470 30 75 1 17 741 523 416 392 7 7 21 16 638 045 Ma- comb. 5,774 5,375 2,707 3,067 4,817 623 223 109 2 1,660 1,316 203 108 87 32 4,813 85 4,500 52 220 17 91 16 38 1,518 1,122 857 813 3 3 15 15 1,506 1,540 Madi- son. 5,046 1,979 3,471 1,575 1,440 704 2,512 381 3 2,562 456 118 1,845 60 140 4,189 76 1,458 6 2,421 35 307 35 39 1,166 656 453 420 161 148 49 39 Marion. 7,093 2.510 3.511 3,. 582 6,146 388 294 263 2 2,019 1,675 118 140 31 84 5,487 277 5,004 168 267 72 214 35 113 673 784 2,087 1,466 1,226 1,118 34 33 38 32 1,698 1,745 For changes in boundaries, etc., see page 648. 042 SUPPLEMENT FOP. ILLINOIS. T/vulk tv.— composition AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION FOR PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000— Contd. Mar- Mar- May- Melrose Men- Metrop- Mon- Morgan Mound Mount Mount Mount Mur- seillcs. shall. wood. Park. dota. oils. mouth. Park. City. Carmel. Olive. Vernon. phys- boro. SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 3,291 2,669 8,033 4,806 3,806 4,655 9,128 3,694 4,563 2,837 6,934 3,501 8,007 7,485 1900 2,559 2,077 4,532 2,592 3,736 4,069 7,460 2, .329 4, 273 2,705 4,311 2,935 5,216 6,463 Male 1,752 1 , 22,5 3,997 2,688 1,761 2,279 4, .526 1,916 2,317 1,408 3,464 1,809 3,879 3,718 Female 1,530 1,344 4,036 2,118 2,045 2,376 4,602 1,778 2, 246 1,429 3, 470 1,692 4, 128 3,767 Native white— Native parentage 1,963 2,238 2,836 537 1,809 3,307 6,585 1,761 1,920 1,492 5,976 740 7,100 5, 184 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 847 232 3,053 1,939 1,426 341 1,344 1,171 1,577 231 783 1,759 456 1,205 Forcign-boni white 479 61 2,053 2,294 537 81 655 662 1,046 49 151 1,002 123 402 2 38 86 36 34 926 537 99 17 1,065 24 328 5 7 1 3 2 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 1,071 757 2,282 1,603 1,135 1, 406 2,991 1,063 1,427 817 2,068 928 2,190 2,127 Native white — Native parentage 508 625 725 89 399 926 2, 055 486 468 396 1,655 91 1,841 1,317 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 229 94 580 218 453 154 425 240 409 84 315 316 181 368 Foreign-tiom white 273 28 947 1,284 271 38 321 310 539 27 87 521 75 217 Naturalized 182 16 515 413 234 29 235 230 257 20 51 354 43 135 Negro 1 10 27 12 12 288 183 26 9 310 11 93 223 ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over 2,644 2,105 6,257 3,642 3,231 3,768 7,805 2,970 3,732 2,252 5,359 2,542 6,223 5,882 Number illiterate 47 57 98 424 59 225 175 13 129 262 75 88 114 2U Native white 10 years old and over 2,175 2,014 4, 198 1,386 2,667 2,936 6,697 2, 244 2,703 1,348 5,186 1,569 5,832 4,904 N umber illiterate 11 51 9 6 17 88 36 5 7 48 65 7 83 84 Foreign-bom white 10 years old and over 467 61 1,983 2,229 535 81 647 649 1,010 46 151 973 122 401 Number illiterate 36 3 88 417 39 1 68 8 119 2 9 81 2 35 Negro 10 years old and over 2 30 71 27 29 751 454 76 16 858 22 269 575 3 1 1 3 136 71 3 212 1 29 91 Illiterate males of voting age 31 20 37 213 21 86 90 6 90 114 28 33 54 83 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 893 687 2,336 1,413 977 1,280 2,294 1,170 1,252 853 1,898 1, 179 2,343 2,293 Number attending school 546 507 1,561 854 634 869 1,497 901 842 596 1,297 783 1,526 1,441 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number 496 419 1,328 718 533 615 1,146 673 701 320 1,189 737 1,329 1,227 N umber attending school 432 392 1,205 652 468 552 1,050 616 608 300 1,075 688 1, 155 1,111 17 117 118 3 19 11 40 2 1 31 3 4 15 99 98 2 18 9 32 2 1 30 3 2 9 13 9 5 128 67 20 1 178 3 55 114 'Number attending school 7 12 9 5 119 61 18 1 157 3 45 89 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 753 653 1,549 643 996 1,093 2,202 686 1,044 688 1,606 706 1,926 1,664 Families, number 794 679 1,810 924 1,025 1,188 2,292 736 1,086 713 1,714 743 1,985 1,746 SUBJECT. Naper- ville. Nor- mal. North Chicago. OIney. Ottawa. Pana. Paris. Paxton. Pekin. Peru. Peters- burg. Pinck- ney- ville. Pon- tiac. Port- land.' SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1910 3,449 4,024 3,306 5,011 9,535 6,065 7,664 2,912 9,897 7,984 2,587 2,722 6,090 3,194 1900 2 629 3, 795 1 150 4 200 10, 588 5,530 6, 105 3,036 8,420 6, 863 2 , 807 2,357 4,266 Male 1,677 1,899 1,847 2,415 4,664 2,977 3,723 1,393 4,958 4,002 1,271 1,309 3,2.38 1,884 Female 1,772 2, 125 1,459 2,596 4,871 3,078 3,941 1,519 4,939 3,982 1,310 1,413 2,852 1,310 Native white— Native parentage 1,789 3,210 600 4, 162 4,548 3,493 6,651 1,515 5,548 1,048 1,775 2,000 3,795 472 Native white — Foreign or mixed parentage 1,069 448 1,366 600, 3,452 l,4fK) 508 850 2, 996 4, 198 505 518 1,449 1,214 Foreign-bom white 589 162 1,325 186 1,502 1,098 154 631 1,343 2, 135 219 192 545 1,506 204 15 3 30 4 289 16 8 3 88 11 301 2 2 3 2 2 1 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 1,084 991 1,012 1,498 2,886 1,751 2,308 913 3,051 2,077 793 710 1,864 1,104 Native white— Native parentage 505 699 146 1,160 1,106 930 1,935 456 1,399 263 511 435 999 98 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 299 144 120 240 1,023 303 205 197 919 764 139 170 483 147 Foreign-bom white 278 90 738 98 745 516 78 250 728 1,048 115 99 209 859 Naturalized 174 50 240 76 532 287 61 227 449 703 97 16 186 279 58 8 9 2 88 10 3 2 28 113 ILLITERACY Total number 10 years old and over 2,832 3,292 2,271 4,115 7,909 4,736 6,330 2,482 7,935 5,999 2,177 2,036 5,223 2,268 Number illiterate 51 47 43 62 126 242 165 85 194 369 63 16 91 271 Native white 10 years old and over 2,271 2,962 983 3,927 6,400 3,700 5,936 1,939 0,601 3,903 1,877 1,844 4,411 853 N umber illiterate 15 22 47 24 63 112 8 70 15 36 12 35 17 Foreign-l)om white 10 years old and over 559 162 1,274 186 1,473 1,032 153 528 1,326 2,093 218 184 539 1,413 Number illiterate 36 8 43 15 100 179 14 77 120 354 12 3 28 254 Negro 10 years old and over 168 14 2 24 4 239 15 G 3 82 7 273 2 'Number illiterate 17 2 29 2 15 28 Illiterate males of voting age 21 16 33 26 59 118 62 24 123 175 27 4 37 103 SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE Total number 6 to 20 years. Inclusive 877 1,368 943 1,336 2,604 1,756 2,049 749 2,745 2,590 691 841 1,797 887 Number attending school 618 759 455 912 1,646 1,169 1,428 519 1,745 1,476 611 665 1,316 606 Persons 6 to 14 Years, inclusive. Native white, number 494 758 563 767 1,425 978 1,189 449 1,048 1,470 381 521 751 450 N umber attending school 458 475 375 692 1,211 871 1,002 414 1,448 1,232 ,366 456 676 392 ForeiCTi-bom white, number 27 55 30 92 3 1 20 90 2 8 6 106 N umber attending school 22 44 24 79 3 1 14 82 2 7 6 86 40 1 1 7 ] 34 14 2 28 20 1 1 0 1 31 13 1 25 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 773 923 638 1,233 2,24t 1,426 1,968 737 2, 284 1,576 674 642 1,372 540 Families, number 838 926 656 1,310 2,307 1,470 2,027 775 2, 365 1,689 085 655 1,410 586 ' For changes in boundaries, etc., s i,k V.— C()MP0SIT[0N AND CIIARACTERISTrCS OF THE POPULATION FOR WARDS OF CITIES OF 50 000 OR MORE — Continued. ’ S 1* B I N G F I E L I>. SUBJECT. The City. 1 1 2 3 WARD. 4 5 6 7 SEX, COLOR, AND NATIVITY Total population, 1310 51.678 8,360 6,024 8,516 9,777 5,682 10, 254 3,065 Mule 25,488 4,432 2,866 4, 153 4,505 2,704 5,201 i;627 Female 26, 190 3,928 3,158 4,363 5,272 2,978 5,053 1,438 Native white— Native parentage 27,944 2, 784 3,206 4,931 6,393 3,916 5,046 1,668 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 13,855 2,530 1,945 2,390 2,. 322 1,228 2,712 '728 Foreign-horn white 6,900 1,858 810 977 812 447 1,469 527 Negro 2,961 1,186 60 218 249 91 1,026 131 Indian and Chinese 18 2 3 1 11 Foreign-Born White; Born in— Austria 487 170 25 21 26 4 233 8 Canada 168 12 32 30 44 26 17 7 England 726 183 121 84 124 59 127 28 i ranee 77 33 8 6 1 5 21 3 Germany 2, 127 439 178 456 272 117 496 169 Greece 32 3 0 5 Hungary 145 72 5 3 16 4 37 8 Ireland 1,012 193 175 169 90 126 209 50 Italy 276 62 46 42 2 2 20 102 Norway 53 3 15 12 8 9 4 2 Russia 1,051 575 49 32 87 17 183 108 Scotland 246 13 44 40 71 25 47 6 Sweden 116 5 16 22 28 24 17 4 Switzerland 58 4 17 8 9 5 12 3 Turkey 48 17 2 1 g 5 Wales 80 15 17 8 12 6 19 3 Other foreign countries 198 61 45 35 20 12 18 7 MALES OF VOTING AGE Total number 16,090 2,598 1,822 2,586 2,893 1,931 2,979 1,281 Native white— Native parentage 7,747 697 832 1,273 1,700 1,260 1,277 708 Native white— Foreign or mixed parentage 3,952 543 576 754 716 436 680 247 Foreign-bom white 3,356 933 390 485 406 191 706 245 Naturalized 1,940 466 231 297 271 83 439 153 Negro 1,021 423 23 74 71 44 315 71 ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Total number 10 years old and over 42,269 6,441 5,039 6,978 8,114 5,030 7,893 2,774 Number ilUterate 1,981 723 133 150 142 63 581 189 Illiterate males of voting age 897 337 62 56 71 27 248 96 Total number 6 to 20 years, inclusive 13,578 2,430 1,624 2,301 2,452 1.216 2,994 561 Number attending school 8,004 1,430 1,008 1,337 1,576 706 1,773 234 DWELLINGS AND FAMILIES Dwellings, number 11.214 1,720 1,288 1,888 2,299 1,157 2,341 521 Families, number . 11,905 1,848 1,344 2,023 2,398 1,274 2,421 597 NOTES REGARDING CHANGES IN BOUNDARIES, ETC., OF INCORPORATED PLACES. Alton. — Part of Alton township (North Alton village) annexed in 1907. Belleville. — Parts of Centerville, St. Clair, and Stookey townships annexed in 1906. Berwyn.— Incorporated in 1902. Bloomington.— Parts of Bloomington township annexed since 1900. Champaign.— Part of Urbana township annexed in 1907. Danvh-LE.— Parts of Danville township (including Germantown and .South Danville villages) annexed in 1906, 1907, and 1909, and part of Newell township annexed in 1907. Decatur.— Parts of Decatur township annexed since 1900. East Moline.— Incorporated in 1907. East St. Louis. — Parts of Centerville township (including Winstanley Park and Edgemont villages) annexed in 1902, 1908, and 1909. Elgin.— Part of Elgin township, Kane County, annexed in 1903. Forest Park.— Name changed from Harlem in 1907. Freeport. — Parts of Harlem (including West Freeport village) and Silver Creek townships annexed in 1907 and that part of Freeport township outside of Freeport city and part of Lancaster township annexed in 1908. Lincoln.— Part of East Lincoln township annexed in 1901. Mattoon. — Parts of Mattoon township annexed in 1904, 1905, and 1907. Moline.— Parts of South Moline township annexed in 1905, 1908, and 1910. Oak Park.— Incorporated in 1902. Peoria.— South Peoria and West Peoria villages annexed between 1890 and 1900; parts of Peoria township (including part of North Peoria village) annexed in 1900, 1902, and 1909, and parts of Itichwoods township (including part of North Peoria village) annexed in 1900 and 1909. Portland.— Incorporated in 1903. Rockford.— Parts of Rockford township annexed in 1903 and 1905. Springfield.— Parts of Woodside township annexed in 1904, 190.8, and 1909, and parts of Springfield township (including Ridgely and East Springfield villages) annexed in 1907 and 1909. Zion.— I ncorporated in 1902. Ohaptkh 3. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE STATE AND ITS COUNTIES. Introduction. — This chapter presents a complete statement of the statistics of agriculture for Illinois collected at the census of 1910. Statistics of farms and farm property relate to April 15, 1910; those of farm products, expenses, and receipts are for the calendar year 1909. Definitions. — To assist in securing comparability for its statistics of agriculture, the Bureau of the Census provided the enumerators with certain definitions and instructions, the more important of which were essen- tially as given below. Farm. — A “farm” for census purposes is all the land which is directly farmed by one person managing and conducting agricul- tural operations, either hy his own labor alone or with the assist- ance of members of his household or hired employees. The term “agricultural operations” is used as a general term referring to the work of growing crops, producing other agricultural products, and raising animals, fowls, and bees. A “farm” as thus defined may consist of a single tract of land, or of a number of separate and distinct tracts, and these several tracts may be held under different tenures, as where one tract is owned by the farmer and another tract is hired by him. Further, when a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a “farm. ” In applying the foregoing definition of a “farm” for census purposes, enumerators were instructed to report as a “farm” any tract of 3 or more acres used for agricultural purposes, and also any tract containing less than 3 acres which produced at least $250 worth of farm products in the year 1909. Farmer. — A “farmer” or “farm operator,” according to the cen- sus definition, is a person who directs the operations of a farm. Hence owners of farms who do not themselves direct the farm opera- tions are not reported as “farmers.” Farmers are divided by the Bureau of the Census into three general classes according to the character of their tenure, namely, owners, tenants, and managers. Farm owners include (1) farmers operating their own land only, and (2) those operating both their own land and some land hired from others. The latter are sometimes referred to in the census reports as “part owners, ” the term “owners” being then restricted to those owning all their land. Farm tenants are farmers who, as tenants, renters, or croppers operate hired land only. They were reported in 1910 in three classes: (1) Share tenants — those who pay a certain share of the products, as one-half, one-third, or one-quarter; (2) share-cash tenants — those who pay a share of the products for part of the land rented hy them and cash for part; and (3) cash tenants — those who pay a cash rental or a stated amount of labor or products, such as $7, 10 bushels of wheat, or 100 pounds of seed cotton per acre. Managers are farmers who are conducting farm operations for the owner for wages or a salary. Farm land. — Farm land is divided into (1) improved land, (2) woodland, and (3) all other unimproved land. The same classi- fication was followed in 1880. At former censuses, except that of 1880, farm land was divided into improved land and unimproved land, woodland being included with unimproved land. Improved land includes all land regularly tilled or mowed, land pastured and cropped in rotation, land lying fallow, land in gardens, orchards, vineyards, and nurseries, and land occupied by farm buildings. Woodland includes all land covered with natural or planted forest trees, which produce, or later may produce, firewood or other forest products. All other unimproved land includes brush land, rough or stony land, swamp land, and any other land which is not improved or in forest. The census classification of farm land as “improved land,” “woodland,” and “other unimproved land” is one not always easy for the farmers or enumerators to make, and the statistics therefore must be considered at best only a close approximation. Total value of farm products. — No attempt has been made at this census to compute or even to estimate approximately the total value of farm products. Among the numerous difficulties which stand in the way of obtaining a total which would be at once comprehensive, free from duplication, and confined exclusively to the products of a definite period of time are the following: (1) The duplication resulting from the feeding of farm crops to farm live stock, when the value both of the products derived from such live stock and of the crops are included in the same total. In 1900 an attempt was made to eliminate this duplication by means of an inquiry as to the total value of the products of each farm fed to the live stock on that farm, but, aside from the fact that this would not eliminate the duplication where the products of one farm are fed to the live stock of another farm, it is believed that the farmers were unable to make even approximately accurate answers to the inquiry, and it was accordingly not included in the schedule for 1910. (2) The fact that farmers may huy domestic animals during the census year which are subsequently sold or slaughtered during the same year and that it is impossible to eliminate the duplication accurately; and the further fact that the value of domestic animals sold or slaughtered, or of forest products cut, during a given year (as well as some other minor items) does not usually represent a value created wholly during that year, and that it is quite impos- sible to ascertain the value created during the year. (3) The fact that the returns for some products are incomplete. The returns for all products are to a considerable extent estimates made by the farmers. Special difficulty was encountered in cases where the person in possession of the farm in April, 1910, when the census was taken, was not in possession of it during the crop year 1909. In such cases the farmer was not always able to report com- pletely and accurately the products of the land for the preceding year. It is probable that the returns for the principal crops are in general fairly accurate, but that those for minor crops and for dairy and poultry products are frequently understatements, particularly because the home consumption was disregarded or underestimated . In the belief that no accurate result could be obtained from sueb an inquiry, the Bureau of the Census did not even attempt to ascertain the total quantity and value of certain by-products, such as straw and cornstalks, which are of considerable importance, the schedule calling only for the value of such by-products sold. (649) o O w t=> < ((ir)()) STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 651 FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY. Illinois ranks twenty-second in area and third in population among the states and territories of conti- nental United States. It has juxssod out of the class of states that are adding materially to their total farm areas, having, in fact, a little less land in farms than it had in 1900, and only a little more than in 1880. The state of Illinois occupies the north central portion of the low plateau region which constitutes the upper por- tion of the Mississippi Basin. The surface of the state varies considerably in its different portions. The low- est altitudes are found in the alluvial bottoms at the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers in the vicin- ity of Cairo, where the elevation is approximately 300 feet above sea level. The plateau rises thence gradu- ally northward, altitudes of 700 and 800 feet being at- tained in the central portion of the state, while the highest altitudes, slightly in excess of 1,000 feet, are found in the extreme northern and northwestern por- tions along the Wisconsin hne. All of Illinois except the northwestern portion of the state and the extreme southern counties near the con- fluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers has been glaciated one or more times. Repeated glaciations have covered the central and northern portions of the state with a covering of glacial till, varying in thickness from 10 or 15 feet to depths of more than 200 feet. The glaciated plateau region occupying a considerable tract in the east central portion of the state and again in the northern portion, consists of an undulating to ridged upland intersected by deeply cut stream chan- nels which are not infrequently bordered by alluvial bot- toms. In the west and west central portion of the state this glaciated upland is covered by a deep layer of brown or yellow silty loam known as the loess. This material borders the course of the Mississippi River from the extreme northwestern portion of the state to the junction of the Ohio. The great southeastern portion of Ilhnois is chiefly occupied by a shallow covering of loess-hke material wliich overlies the deposits of one of the older periods of glaciation. This shallow loess is gray or ash colored, compact and dense, differmg in this respect from the browq or yellow, well-drained, and friable loess of the deeper areas. The soils of the glaciated plateau consist of brown to almost black loams and silty loams which occupy the ridges, the gentle slopes, and all except the most depressed areas. All these soils are suited to the pro- duction of the principal staple crops of the climate. The soils of the deep loess in the west central portion of the state are prevailingly brown silty loams, deep, well-drained, and of undulatmg surface configuration, well suited not only to the production of the staple crops, but also in many instances to the raising of orchard fruits. A veiy largo proportion of the total land area of the state is topographically suited to the best forms of agricultural occupation, while the great variety of soil, the wide range of climatic conditions, and the favor- able location of the state with respect to transporta- tion and to markets have made possible a diversified and profitable agriculture. The two maps on the opposite page show, for the different counties, the proportion of the total land area which is in farms and the average value of farm land per acre. Of the state’s entire land area over nine- tenths is in farms, and as shown by the firet map only one county has less than three-fifths and only four other counties have less than four-fifths of their land in farms. The counties in the central and northern parts of the state have in the greater number of cases from 90 to 95 per cent of their land in farms and a compara- tively large number have over 95 per cent. The southern counties show in frequent instances from 80 to 90 per cent of their total area in farms. The average value of farm land per acre for the whole state is $95 . 02 . The second map shows that in 20 counties, mainly grouped in the east central part, the average value per acre is $125 or over. Bordering t his group and mainly included in a belt just north of it are the counties in which the average value per acre ranges from $100 to $125. Most of the southern third of the state consists of counties which show an aver- age value per acre of from $25 to $50, while the northern and western portions are fairly evenly divided between the counties in which the average value ranges either from $50 to $75 per acre or from $75 to $100 per acre. Progress during the decade 1900 to 1910. — Between 1900 and 1910 there was an increase of 817,041, or 16.9 per cent, in the population of the state, while there was a decrease of 12,279, or 4.6 per cent, in the number of farms, and of 271,791 acres, or 0.8 per cent, in the area of farm land. As a result of the greater relative decrease in the number of farms, as compared with the total area of farm land, the average size of farms increased about 5 acres. Farm property, which includes land, buildings, im- plements and machinery, and live stock (domestic ani- mals, poultry, and bees), has shown an increase in value during the decade which approaches $2,000,000,000. This great increase was chiefly made up of increases of over $1,576,000,000 in the value of land and of $180,- 914,000 in the value of buildings. There was also an in- crease of $143,793,000 in the value of farm equipment, including implements and machinery and live stock, of which more than four-fifths represents the gain in the value of live stock. In considering the increase of 652 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. values ill agriculture the general increase in the prices of all commodities in the last 10 years should be borne in mind. The average value of a farm with its equipment in 1900 was about $7,000, while 10 years later it was $15,505. The average value of land rose from $46.17 per acre in 1900 to $95.02 in 1910, this advance being accompanied by increases in the average value per farm of implements and machinery and of live stock. The following table summarizes for the state the more significant facts relating to population and land area, the number, value, and acreage of farms, and the value of all other farm property in 1910 and 1900: NUMBER, AREA, AND VALUE OF FARMS. 1910 1900 INCREASE. (April 15) (June 1) -Amount. Per cent. Population 5, 638, 591 4, 821, 550 817,041 16.9 Number of all farms 251, 872 264, 151 -12,279 -4.6 Approximate land area of the state acres. . Land in farms acres. . 35, 867, 520 32, 522, 937 35, 841, 280 32, 794, 728 2 26, 240 -271,791 -0.8 Improved land in farms acres. . 28, 048, 323 27, 699, 219 349, 104 1.3 Average acres per farm 129. 1 124. 2 4.9 3.9 Value of farm property: Total $3, 905, 321, 075 $2, 004, 316, 897 $1, 901, 004, 178 94.8 Land 3,090,411, 148 1,514,113, 970 1,576, 297, 178 104. 1 Buildings 432, 381, 422 251, 467, 580 180, 913, 842 71.9 Implements and machinery 73, 724, 074 44,977,310 193, 758, 037 28, 746, 764 63.9 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees. . . 308, 804, 431 115, 046, 394 59.4 Average value of all property per farm $15, 505 $7, 588 $7,917 104.3 Average value of land per acre $95. 02 $46. 17 $48. 85 105.8 I A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. * Due to drainage of lakes and swamps. Population, number of farms, and farm acreage : 1850 to 1910 . — The table following presents, for the state as a whole for each census from 1850 to 1910, inclusive, a statement of the total population, the number of farms, and the acreage of farm land and of improved land in farms. It also gives the percentage of the land area in farms, the percentage of farm land improved, and the percentage of increase during each decade in the number of farms and in the land in farms. CEN- SUS TEAR. Popula- tfon. FARMS. LAND IN FARMS. Per cent of land area in farms. Per cent of farm land im- prov- ed. Num- ber. Per cent of in- crease.' All land. Improved land (acres). Acres. Per cent of in- crease,' 1910... 5, 638, 591 251,872 -4.6 32, ,522, 937 -0.8 28,048,323 90.7 86.2 1900... 4,821,550 264, 151 9.8 32, 794, 728 7.5 27,699,219 91.5 84.5 1890... 3, 826, 352 240,681 -5.9 30,498,277 -3.7 25,669,060 85.0 84.2 1880... 3,077,871 255,741 26. 1 31,673,645 22.4 26,115,154 88.3 82.5 1870... 2,539,891 202, 803 41.5 25,882,801 23.8 19,329,952 72.2 74.7 1860... 1,711,951 143,310 88.1 20,911,989 73.7 13,096,374 58.3 62.6 1850... 851,470 76,208 12,037,412 5, 039, 545 33.6 41.9 * A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. In the 60 years since 1850 the population of the state has increased by 4,787,121, or nearly six times. There are 251,872 farms in Illinois, or more than three times as many as in 1850. The increase was very rapid from 1850 to 1880, averaging 5,984 per year. From 1880 to 1890 there was a considerable decrease in the number of farms, but between 1890 and 1900 the number increased 23,470, or 9.8 per cent, the total number in 1900 being the largest reported at any census. During the last decade, however, the number decreased from 264,151 to 251,872, or 4.6 per cent. The decrease during the last decade was quite general throughout the state, as only 22 counties show even slight increases. The land surface of Illinois is approximately 35,867,520 acres. Of this area 32,522,937 acres, or 90.7 per cent, are included in farms, while 28,048,323 acres, or 86.2 per cent of the total farm acreage, are reported as improved land, representing 78.2 per cent of the total land area of the state. The total acreage of farm land decreased 0.8 per cent during the last decade. Since the I’eported acreage of improved land increased from 1900 to 1910, while the total acreage in farms decreased, the percentage of farm land im- proved was higher in 1910 than in 1900. The table preceding shows also the rapid increase from 1850 to 1880 in the total farm acreage and in the acreage of improved land. The proportion of the total land area of the state which was occupied by farms rose during this period from 33.6 to 88.3 per cent; since 1880 there has been little change in this propor- tion. The proportion which improved land formed of the total land in farms increased from 41.9 to 82.5 per cent between 1850 aud 1880. Between 1880 .and 1890 there was a decrease in the total faim acreage as well as in that of improved land. In each decade since 1890 improved land increased in acreage. The pro- portion of farm land improved reached 86.2 per cent in 1910. Values of farm property: 1850 to 1910 . — The agri- cultural changes in Illinois since 1850, as reflected in the values of the several classes of farm property, are s-hown in the table which follows. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. f)53 FAIIM PROPERTY. CENSUS YEAR. Total. band and buildings. Implements and machinery. nomastic animals, poultry, and bees. Value. Per cent of increase. Value. Percent of increase. Value. Per cent of increase. Value. i Per cent of ! increase. 1910 $3,905,.821,075 94.8 $3,522,792,570 99.5 $73, 724, 074 63.9 $308,804, 431 59.4 1900 2,004,316,897 3,5.6 1, 1G5, 581, 5.50 39.8 44,977,310 30.5 193, 758, 037 7.4 1890 1, 477, 759, 187 25. 7| 1,262,870, 587 25.1 34,456,938 2.1 180, 431, 602 30.2 1880 1, 175, 772,293 33.0 1, 009, 594, 580 37.1 33, 739, 951 22.0 132, 437, 762 10.5 18701.... 883,871,705 77. 21 736,405,077 80. 1 27,661,270 60.5 119,805,358 65.2 1860 498, 680, 730 293.4; 408, 944, 033 325.4 17, 235, 472 169.1 72, ,501, 225 199. 5 1850 126, 748, 109 90, 133, 290 6, 405, 561 24, 209, 258 * Computed gold values, being 80 per cent of the currency values reported. The total wealth in the form of farm property is over $3,900,000,000, of which 90.2 per cent is repre- sented by land and buildings, 1.9 per cent by imple- ments and machinery, and 7.9 per cent by live stock. The total value of farm property increased from 1900 to 1910 by over $1,900,000,000, or 94.8 per cent. This was a greater absolute increase than that of the pre- ceding half century, and a greater relative increase than during any other decade since 1860. The rate of increase of total value of farm property fell off at each census from 1860 to 1890. There have been very marked fluctuations in the decennial increases in value of domestic animals, the lowest increase being from 1890 to 1900. Average acreage and values per farm: 1850 to 1910. — The changes which have taken place during the past 60 years in the average acreage of Illinois farms and in the average values of the various classes of farm property, as well as in the average value per acre of land and buildings, are shown in the following table: 1 CENSUS TEAK. Average acres per farm. AVERAGE VALUE PER FARM.l Average value of land and build- ings per acre. All farm property. Laud and buildings. Imple- ments and ma- chinery. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees. 1910 129.1 $15,505 $13, 986 $293 $1,226 $108. 32 1900 124.2 7,588 0,684 170 734 53. 84 1890 126.7 6,140 5,247 143 750 41.41 1880 123.8 4,598 3,948 132 518 31.87 1870 2 127.6 4,358 3,631 136 591 28.45 1860 145.9 3, 480 2,854 120 506 19.56 1850 158.0 1,663 1,261 84 318 7.99 1 Averages are based on “all farms” in state. ’ Computed gold values, being 80 per cent of the currency vaiues reported. The average size of the Illinois farm decreased from 158 acres in 1850 to 123.8 acres in 1880. Since 1880 there has been a net increase of 5.3 acres. The average farm now contains 129.1 acres, and is larger than at any earlier census since 1860. The average value of an Illinois farm, including its equipment, has grown during the last decade from $7,588 to $15,505, of which about $14,000 represents the value of land and buildings, $1,226 the value of live stock, and $293 the value of implements and machinery. During the last decade the average value of land and buildings per acre of land has increased $54.48, or, in other words, has a little more than doubled. The value per farm of equipment, which includes implements and machinery and live stock, is nearly four times as great as it was 60 years ago. Farm tenure: 1880 to 1910. — The following table shows the distribution of the farms of the state accord- ing to character of tenure at each census since 1880: TENURE. 1910 1900 1890 1880 Number of all farms Farms operated by owners and man- agers 251,872 264, 151 240,081 255, 741 147, 493 107,300 37,807 2,386 160,453 124, 128 34,375 1,950 158,848 (‘) (') (') 175, 497 (D (‘) Farms consisting of owned land only. Farms consisting of owned and hired F arms operated by managers , . . . Farms operated by tenants Share tenants Share-cash tenants * Cash tenants Tenure not specified » Per cent of farms operated by— Owners and managers 104, 379 43, 551 23,665 32,120 5,043 103, 698 1 65,525 1 38,173 81, 833 52, 651 29, 182 80,244 59,624 20,620 58.6 41.4 26.7 14.8 60.7 39.3 24.8 14.5 66.0 .34.0 21.9 12. 1 68.6 31.4 23.3 8.1 Share and share-cash Cash and nonspecified 1 Not reported separately. 2 ShareK'ash tenants were doubtless largely included with share tenants in 1900, 1890, and 1880. 8 Prior to 1910 nonspecified tenants were included with cash tenants. It is significant that the decrease of 12,279 in the total number of farms during the last decade is due entirely to a decrease of 12,960 in the number of farms operated by owners and managers, the number of those operated by tenants having increased 681. In 1880 about thirty-one out of every one hundred Illinois farms were operated by tenants. This propor- tion increased during the following decades, and in 1910 about forty-one out of every one hundred farms were thus operated. Of these 41 tenant farms almost 15 were operated by cash tenants, including those with nonspecified tenure, and about 26 by share tenants and share-cash tenants. Throughout the 30-year period, 1880 to 1910, the proportion of all farms operated by cash tenants (including those for which the form of tenure was not reported) has been increasing. Share tenants and share-cash tenants also show a net increase in proportion, though much less than cash tenants. In actual number of farms operated, cash tenants in- creased rapidly from 1880 to 1900, then decreased somewhat during the last decade. Share tenants’ and share-cash tenants’ farms, however, decreased con- siderably in number between 1880 and 1890, increased greatly during the next decade, and somewhat in the last 10 years. In 1880 share tenants and share-cash tenants were almost three times as numerous as cash tenants, including those with nonspecified tenure, and in 1910 they were considerably less than twice as numerous. The next table shows the acreage, improved acre- age, and value of land and buildings for farms op- erated by owners (including part owners), managers, and tenants, respectively. 654 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. FARMS OPKIIATEI) BY— ALL LAND IN FARMS (acres). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 19 1890 a Amount. I’er cent. Number 3fi,938 $454, 857, 222 $115,799,040 25.5 $12,314 $3, 135 $9,179 58, 700 $2.85,700,170 $98,940,9.35 34.0 $4, 802 $1,084 $3, 178 Value— band and buildings Amount of mortgage debt I’er cent of debt to value Average value per farm Average debt per farm Average equity per farm $7, 4.52 $1,451 $0,001 153.3 80.2 188.8 ' Includes only farms consisting wholly of owned land and reporting value of farm and amount of debt. Includes all owned farm homes, estimates being made of value of farms and amount of debt for all defective reports. The average debt of mortgaged farms increased in 20 years from $1,684 to $3,135, or 86.2 per cent, while the average value of such farms rose from $4,862 to $12,314, or 153.3 per cent, so that the owner’s equity increased on the average from $3,178 to $9,179, or 188.8 per cent. As a result of the greater relative increase in farm value than in farm debt, the mortgage indebtedness, which was over a third of the value of the farms in 1890, had decreased in 1910 to slightly more than a quarter of this value. Farms by size groups: 1910 and 1900 . — The follow- ing table shows the distribution of farms by size groups at the censuses of 1910 and 1900: SIZE GROUP. NUMBER OF FARMS. INCREASE.l PER CENT OF TOTAL, 1910 1900 Niunber. Per cent. 1910 1900 Total. 251, 872 264, 151 -12,279 -4.6 100.0 100.0 Under 3 acres 845 1,854 -1,009 -54.4 0.3 0.7 3 to 9 acres 9, 191 7,221 1,970 27.3 3.6 2.7 10 to 19 acres 10,258 10,560 -302 -2.9 4.1 4.0 20 to 49 acres 33,322 41,160 -7,838 -19.0 13.2 15.6 50 to 99 acres 57,917 65,851 -7,934 -12.0 23.0 24.9 100 to 174 acres 80, 539 81,338 -799 -1.0 32.0 30.8 175 to 259 acres 38,315 35,579 2,736 7.7 15.2 13.5 260 to 499 acres 19,440 18, 255 1,185 6.5 7.7 6.9 500 to 999 acres 1,842 2,051 -209 -10.2 0.7 0.8 1,000 acres and over 203 282 -79 -28.0 0.1 0.1 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Nearly one-third of the Illinois farms have an acre- age of between 100 and 174; next in impor^nce are the farms with 50 to 99 acres which comprise 23 per cent of the total. The farms with an acreage between 175 and 259 constitute 15.2 per cent of all Illinois farms. These three classes, ranging from 50 to 259 acres, together comprise seven-tenths of all farms. The number of places “under 3 acres,” where agriculture is carried on, was reported as less than half as great in 1910 as 10 years ago. This decrease may be due to a different interpretation by the enumerators as to what to include as a small farm, or may repre- sent an actual decrease in that type of farm. Farms with an acreage of between 3 and 9 increased 27.3 per cent in number from 1900 to 1910. The number of all the sizes of farms with an acreage of between 10 I and 174 has decreased. The larger farms, having an acreage of between 175 and 499, have increased in number, while the farms with over 500 acres, which formed less than 1 jier cent of all farms at either census, decreased by 288. Farms between 3 and 19 acres and farms between 100 and 499 acres constitute a larger pro])ortion of all farms in 1910 than in 1900, while the proportion of farms between 20 and 99 acres in size fell off. The following table shows the total and improved acreage and the value of land and buildings for farms of various size groups, consolidating into one group the farms of less than 20 acres (numbering in all 20,294), and also the farms of between 175 and 499 acres (numbering 57,755) : SIZE GROUP (ACRES). ALL LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). IMPROVED LAND IN FARMS (ACRES). VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total... Under 20 20 to 49 32, 522, 937 186,520 1,129,398 4,337,599 10,964,517 14,446,916 1,135,951 322,036 32,794,728 194,355 1,431,732 4,979,857 11,065,345 13, 481, 125 1,258,084 384,230 28, 048, 323 169,516 973,3.39 3,795,685 9, 672, 197 12,384,215 849,906 203,465 27, 699,219 175,937 1,215,414 4,278,063 9,612,946 11,287,392 908,205 221,262 $3,522,792,570 59,074,577 111,860,899 405,785,654 1,174, 168,111 1,627,581,457 116,284,511 28,037,361 $1,765,581,550 36, 409, 650 75,032,560 249,377,060 598,552, 120 731,723,640 59,889,620 14,596,900 50 to 99 100 to 174.... 175 to 499. . . . 500 to 999. . . . 1,000 andover The following table shows the per cent distribution, by size groups, of the items presented m the preceding table, and also of the number of farms: PEE CENT OF TOTAL. SIZE GROUP. Number of farms. All land in farms. Improved land in farms. V alue of land and buildings. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 20 acres 8.1 7.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.7 2.1 20 to 49 acres 13.2 15.6 3.5 4.4 3.5 4.4 3.2 4.2 50 to 99 acres 2.3.0 24.9 13.3 15.2 13.5 1.5.4 11.5 14.1 100 to 174 acres 32.0 .30.8 33.7 33.7 34.5 34.7 33.3 33.9 175 to 499 acres 22.9 20.4 44.4 41.1 44.2 40.7 46.2 41.4 500 to 999 acres 0.7 0.8 3.5 3.8 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.4 1 ,000 acres and over 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Of the total farm acreage of the state in 1910, 44.4 per cent was in farms of 175 to 499 acres, and 33.7 per cent in farms of 100 to 174 acres, these two being from the standpoint of aggregate acreage the most impor- tant size groups. Between 1900 and 1910 the pro- portion of the total acreage in farms of 175 to 499 acres hicreased somewhat, the proportion in farms of 100 to 174 and also that in farms of less than 20 acres remained the same, while the proportion in farms of all the other size groups decreased. In general, as shown by the next table, the percent- age of farm land improved diminishes as the size of the farms increases. Owing to the fact that buildings have normally a higher value in proportion to farm acreage on small than on large farms, the average value of land and buildings is very much higher for. farms of under 20 acres than for those in any other group ; the 656 SUPPLEM1^]NT FOR ILLINOIS. average value is higher in farms of tlie three size groups of between 1 00 and 999 acres, however, than in tliose of the two size groups of between 20 and 99 acres. SIZE GROUP. PER CENT OP FARM LAND IMPROVED. AVERAGE VALUE OP LAND AND nUILDINGS. Per farm. Per acre. 1910 1900 1910 1900 1910 1900 Total Under 20 acres 20 lo to acres .W lo 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 17.5 to 499 acres 500 to 9!t9 acres 1,000 acres and over 86.2 90. 9 80.2 87.5 88.2 85.7 74.8 63.2 84.5 90. 5 84.9 85.9 86.9 83.7 72.2 57. 6 $13,986 2,911 3,357 7,000 14., 579 28, 181 63. 129 138, 115 $6,684 1,8.54 1 , 823 3,787 7,3.59 13, ,592 29,200 51,762 $108. 32 316. 72 99.04 93. 55 107. 09 112. 66 102. 37 87.06 $53. 84 187. 34 52.41 50.08 54.09 54. 28 47. 00 37.99 Color and nativity of farmers: 1910. — Prior to the Thirteenth Census no attempt was made to secure information on the farm schedules concerning the nativity of farmers. Over six-sevenths of the Illinois farmers were native whites, and nearly one-seventh foreign-born whites, only 1,42.5, or 0.6 per cent, being other than white, com- prising 1,422 negroes, 2 Indians, and 1 Chinese. Of the DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Domestic animals on farms: 1910. — The census of 1910 was taken as of April 15, and that of 1900 as of June 1. Since a great many domestic animals are born during the six weeks' between Ajull 15 and June 1, and on the other hand a considerable number of older animals are slaughtered or die during the same period, the numbers of the dilTerent classes of animals for the two censuses are not closely comparable, and the same is true in somewhat less degree of the values. For this reason the figures for 1900 are not j)resented in this chapter, but in the general reports of the census the figures for the several states will be presented and the extent to wliich their comparability is affected by the change in the date of enumeration will be dis- cussed. Of the total number of farms enumerated, 246, .353, or 97.8 per cent, report domestic animals of some kind, the number without any domestic animals being only 5,519. Of all the farms in the state, 91.7 jier cent report cattle, 90.6 per cent “dairy cows,” and only 23.7 per cent “other cows.” About 1 per cent of the farms reporting cattle have no daily cows. The total num- ber of cows increased somewhat during the decade, while the average value of daily cows increased from $34.02 to .139.22. The farms reporting daily cows show an average of nearly 5 jier farm. The census of 1900 was taken as of June 1 , after all the spiing calves were born, wliile that of 1910 was taken as of April 15, before the close of tlie calving season and when the calves on hand were on the native whites, 41.9 per cent were tenants, as compared with 38.2 per cent among foreign-born whites and 43.4 per cent among the nonwhites. Of the 33,394 foreign-born white farmers in Ilhnois in 1910, 17,811 were born in Germany, 4,267 in Sweden, 2,422 in England, 2,185 in Ireland, 998 in Holland, 982 in Norway, 878 in Denmark, 679 in Canada, and 626 in Switzerland. Other European countries were represented by a total of 2,473 farm- ers, and non-European countries, other than Canada, by 73. The table which follows shows the color and nativ- ity of farm operators by character of tenure for 1910: FARM OPERATORS. Total. Per cent of total. NATivrry. Num- ber. Pet cent dis- tribu- tion. Owners. Ten- ants. Man- agers. Own- ers. Ten- ants. Man- agers. Total 251, 872 100.0 145,107 104, 379 2,386 57.6 41.4 0.9 Native white 217,053 80. 2 123,907 91,014 2,132 57.1 41.9 1.0 Foreign-born white. Negro and other 33,394 13.3 20,411 12,747 236 61.1 38.2 0.7 nonwhite 1,425 0.6 789 618 18 55.4 43.4 1.3 POULTRY, AND BEES. average younger than at the enumei'ation of 1900. As a result, the calves enumerated were fewer in number and of lower average value in 1910 than in 1900, the number decreasing from 723,322 to 324,079, and the average value decreasing from $9.95 to $7.64. Horses are reported by 93.5 per cent of all the fai'ins in the state, while 33.3 per cent report colts born in 1909 and 15.4 per cent report spring colts. The average value of mature horses is reported jis $120..55. More than one farmer out of eveiy five reports mules. The average values of mules of the dilTerent age groups are somewhat higher than those of horses of the corresponding age groups. Sheep and lambs are reported from 26,262 farms, or 10.4 per cent of all the farms in the state. Of these 26,262 farms, 84.5 per cent report spring lambs, the number of the latter beuig equal to 68.8 per cent of the number of ewes. Ewes are reported from all but 962 of the farms rejiorting sheej), and for the farms rejiorting the average is 23 ewes jier farm. The farms reportuig rams and wethers show an average of over 6 ])er farm. Of all farms, 75.8 j^er cent report swine, the average number bcuig over 24 per farm reporting. The average value of (he swine reported as “hogs and pigs born before Januaiy 1, 1910,” is $12.45, while that of spring pigs is about one-seventh as much. 4’he next table summarizes the statistics of domestic animals on farms for the state, recorded as of A|)ril 15, 1910. Cattle and slice]) arc divided into ago and sex STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. G57 gi’oups, while horses, mules, and swine are j)resented by age groups only. REPORTING. ANIMALS. AOE AND SEX GROUP. Percent Aver- Number. of all Number. Value. ago farms. value. Totrtl 246,353 97.8 $296, 619, 153 Cattle 231,000 91.7 2,440,577 73,454,745 $30. 10 Dairy cows (cows aiiu heifers kept for milk, born boforo Jan. 1, 1909). 228,267 90.6 1,050,223 41,189,997 39.22 other cows (cows and heifers not kept for milk, born before Jan. 1 1909) 59,588 109,463 23.7 281,957 8,436,327 5,346,736 29.92 Heifers liorn in 1909 Calves born after Jan. 1, 43.5 306,969 17.42 1910 121,031 48.1 324,079 2,476,015 7.64 Steers and bulls born in 1909 58,558 23.2 205,564 4,289,719 20.87 Steers and bulls born be- 30, 627 14.5 271,785 11,715,951 43.11 235,407 93.5 1,452,887 163,363,400 112.44 Mares, stallions, and gold- ings born before Jan. 1, 1909 234, 217 83,916 93.0 1,264,202 138,447 152,396,336 9,210,361 120. 55 33.3 66.53 Colts bom after Jan. 1, 1910 38,685 15.4 50,238 1,756,703 34.97 54,572 21.7 147,833 18,140,335 122. 71 Mules born before Jan. 1, 1909 45,925 10,762 18.2 121,450 19, 181 16,396,322 1,467,711 135. 00 Mule colts born in 1909 . . . Mnle colts born after Jan. 4.3 76. 52 1, 1910 6, 179 2.5 7,202 276,302 38.36 1,381 0.5 2,863 568,194 198. 46 Swine 191, 028 75.8 4,686,362 36, 210, 179 7.73 Hogs and pigs born be- fore Jan. 1, 1910 185,547 73.7 2,603,062 32,416,805 12.45 Pigs bom after Jan. 1, 1910 103,909 41.3 2,083,300 3,793,374 1.82 26, 262 10.4 1,059,846 4,843,736 4.57 Ewes born before Jan. 1, 1910 25,300 10.0 583,487 3,500,953 6.00 Rams and wethers born before Jan. 1. 1910 11,793 4.7 74,997 463,735 6.18 Lambs bom after Jan. 1, 1910 22, 192 8.8 401,362 879,048 2. 19 2,040 0.8 12,435 38,564 3.10 Poultry on farms: 1910 and 1900. — The following table gives the numbers of the various kinds of poultry reported in 1910 and 1900, together with their value and the number of farms reporting each kind in 1910: KIND. 1910 (April 15) 1900 (June 1) Farms reporting. Number of fowls. Value. Number of fowls. Number. Percent of all farms. Total 237, 165 94.2 21,409,835 $11,696,650 17,737,262 Chickens 237,067 94.1 20,563,850 10,941,491 16,000,728 Turkeys 43,324 17.2 189,411 374,544 446,020 Ducks 37,424 14.9 201,350 109, 124 382,857 Geese 42,759 17.0 226, 491 217,111 307,657 Guinea fowls 14,206 5.6 84,057 25,547 (‘) Pigeons 6,703 2.7 144,268 27,445 (’) All other’ 69 (6 408 1,388 (*) * Included with chickens. * Not reported. * 47 farms report 151 peafowls, valued at *381; 9 farms report 155 wild ducks, valued at $475; 7 farms report 40 pheasants, valued at $274; 4 farms report 55 wild geese, valued at $183; 2 farms report 7 wild turkeys, valued at $75. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The increase in the number of fowls on Illinois farms during the last decade is 20.7 per cent, while the value shows an increase from .|G,4J .'5,000 to .f 1 1,097,000, or 82. .3 jier cent. This increase in number results from a gain in the number of chickens suJIicient to oll'set a decrease in the number of turkeys, ducks, and geese. The number of farms reporting poultry decreased from 247,034 to 237,16.5, but the average number of fowls ])er farm reporting incrciised from 72 to 90. The value of poultry and the number of farms reporting w'ere obtained in 1900 for the total of all fowls only, and not for each kind as in 1910. Bees on farms : 1910 and 1900. — The number of farms reporting bees has decreased from 34,932 in 1900 to 29,741 in 1910, or 14.9 per cent. The number of col- onies of bees decreased from 179,953 to 155,846, or 13.4 per cent, and their value increased from $486,164 to $487,733, or 0.3 per cent. The average value of bees per farm reporting was $13.92 in 1900 and $16.40 in 1910. About one farm in every eight reports bees. Domestic animals not on farms: 1910. — Most of the domestic animals not on farms are found in cities, towns, and villages. Statistics for such animals are shown below. No provision was made by law to secure data pertaining to poultry and bees not on farms. In the next table age grouiDs are omitted for the sake of brevity. Number ANIMALS. KIND. closures reporting. Number. Value. Average value. Total 130,179 $34, 791, 066 3,223,121 2, 338, 728 All cattle 41,068 77,255 51,192 $41.72 40; 138 106,719 2, 730 45.69 Horses 2;14, 629 28, 833; 742 1,523,689 94, 263 914,690 191,308 10, 253 L22. 89 Mules . lo', 838 412 140. 59 '298 228. 79 Swine 11,771 70, 973 12. 89 Sheep ' 261 31,069 1,900 6. 16 1,107 5.40 As would be expected, horses are by far the most important class of domestic animals not on farms, both in number and in value; cattle, nearly two-thirds of which are dairy cows, rank next in imjiortance. Domestic animals on farms and not on farms : 1910. — The following table gives the total number and value of domestic animals, distmguishing those on farms from those not on farms: KIND. DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Total. On farms. Not on farms. Number. Value. Number. Value. Num- ber. Value. Total $331, 410, 219 76, 677, 866 43, 528, 725 192, 197, 142 19,664,024 662, 457 37, 124, 869 5,035,044 48, 817 $296, 619, 153 73,454,745 41,189, 997 163,363,400 18, 140, 335 568, 194 36,210, 179 4,843,736 38,564 $34, 791, 066 3,223,121 2,338,728 28, 833, 742 1,523,689 94,263 914, 690 191.308 10,253 All cattle Dairy cows Horses Mules Asses and burros . Swine Sheep Goats 2,517,832 1, 101,415 1,687,516 158, 671 3,275 4,757,335 1,090,915 14,335 2,440,577 1,050,223 1,452,887 147, 833 2,863 4,686,362 1,059,846 12,435 77,255 51, 192 234, 629 10, 838 412 70, 973 31,069 1,900 The total value of all domestic animals in the state in 1910 was $331,410,000, of which the value of animals not on farms constituted 10.5 per cent. • 658 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. LIVE STOCK The returns for live stock products obtained at the census of lOlO, like those for crops, relate to the activities of the calendar year 1909. It is impossible to (five a total representing the annual production of live stock j)roducts for the reason that, as shown else- where, the total value of })roducts from the business of raising domestic animals for use, sale, or slaughter can not he calculated from the census retui'ns. Even if this value could be ascertained and were added to the value of the crops the sum would not correctly re])resent the total value of farm products, because, as already more fully explained, duplication would re- sult from the fact that part of the crops are fed to the live stock. Dairy products: 1909 and 1899. — The following table shows the principal statistics i-elative to dairy products in 1909, with certain comparative statistics for 1899: FARMS REPORTING. VALUE. Num- ber. Per cent of all farms. Number or quantity. Unit. Total. Av- erage per unit. Dairy COWS on farms April 15, 1910 228, 267 202, 336 90.6 1,050,223 969,993 849,951 320,240,399 46,609,992 81,918 Head . On farms reporting dai- ry products in 1909 . . On farms reporting milk produced in 1909 80.3 Head . 184,993 73.4 Head . Specified dairy products, 1909: Gals . . 168,485 379 66.9 Lbs... $10, 493, 217 8,396 $0.23 Cheese made 0.2 Lbs... 0.10 Milk sold 31,674 12.6 158,031,333 2,104,352 4,637,745 24,442,251 54,502 Gals.. 18,314,172 1,515,676 1,210, 748 5,674,830 5,423 26,720,849 31,542,209 0.12 7,157 6.649 2.8 Gals . . 0.72 2.6 Lbs... 0.26 114,723 173 45.5 Lbs . . . 0.23 Cheese sold 0.1 Lbs... 0. 10 Total receipts from sales, 1909 Total value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold and bu tter and cheese made, 1909 Specified dairy products, 1899: 180,084 600 70.4 52, 493, 450 323,485 26,395,166 Lbs... 0.2 Lbs.. . Lbs. . . 4,306,553 24,850 0.16 263,237 Lbs... 0.09 The number of farms reporting dairy cows on A])ril 15, 1910, was 228,267, but only 202,336 reported dairy products in 1909. That th'ere should be this differ- ence is not surprising. Doubtless some farmers who had dairy cows in 1910 had none in 1909, while other farmers neglected to give information for the preced- ing year, or were unable to do so, perhaps because the farm was then in other hands. Dairy products in general are somewhat less accurately reported than the principal crops. This is particidarly the case as regards the quantity of milk produced. The number of farms which made any report of milk produced dur- ing 1909 was 184,993 (considerably less than the total number reporting dairy products), and the number of dairy cows on such farms on April 15, 1910, was PRODUCTS. 850.000. The amount of milk reported was 320,240,- 000 gallons; assuming that there were the same num- ber of cows in 1909 as in 1910, this would represent an average of 377 gallons per cow. In considering this average, however, it should be borne in mind that the quantity of milk reported is probably deficient and that the distinction between dairy and other cows is not always strictly observed in the census returns. By reason of the incompleteness of the returns for milk produced, the Census Bureau has made no attempt to determine the total value of dairy products for 1909. For convenience a partial total has been pre- sented, comprising the reported value of milk, cream, and butter fat sold and the reported value of butter and cheese made, whether for home consumption or for sale. The total thus obtained for 1909 is $31,- 542.000, which may be defined as the total value of dairy products exclusive of milk and cream used on the farm producing. About one-half of the milk produced in Illinois in 1909 was sold as such. A comparatively large quantity of milk and cream was sold on the butter fat basis. The butter made on farms was valued at $10,493,000. Comparisons are made between 1909 and 1899 for but few of the census items relating to dairy products, for the reason that in 1899 estimates were made for farms with incomplete reports, which was not done at the census of 1910. The figures for milk produced and milk sold are particularly affected, but those for butter and cheese are approximately comparable. The table shows a material decrease between 1899 and 1909 in the amount of butter made and a still greater relative decrease in the production of cheese. Wool: 1909 and 1899. — The next table gives sta- tistics as to the pi’oduction of wool on farms, the figures being partly based on estimates.^ The total number of sheep of shearing age in Illinois on April 15, 1910, was 658,000, representing an increase of 4.7 per cent as compared with the number on June 1, 1900 (629,000). The approximate production of wool during 1909 was 682,000 fleeces, weighing 4,971,000 pounds and valued at $1,299,000. Of these totals ‘ Farmers should be able, in general, to report the production of wool more accurately than that of dairy producte. There were, however, 9,543 farmers who reported the possession of 180,881 sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, without reporting any wcwl produced in 1909. Probably in a large proportion of cirses this failure was due to the fact that they dief not have these sheep, or did not occupy the same farm, during the preceding year. The returns of farms reporting wool in 1909 but no sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, would partially make up this deficiency, but it is believed that in many cases enumerators, having found that a farm had no sheep in 1910, omitted the inquiry as to wmil produced in 1909 and thus missed more or less wool actually produced. It is a fairly safe iussumption that the entire production of wool in 1909 bore tiie same relation to the entire number of sheep of shearing age on April 15, 1910, as the production of wool on those farms reporting noth production and sheep bore to the number of sheep- reported on such farms. Statistics for this group of farms are given in the table, and the total wool jiroduct, estimateci on the basis of the above assumption, is also given. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 659 about ono-sixili rcpi'esonts estimates. The number of fleeces produced in 1909 was 1.1 per cent greater than in 1899. The average weight per fleece in 1909 was 7.3 pounds, as compared with 7.1 pounds in 1899, and the average value per pound was 26 cents, as com- pared with 20 cents in 1899. Number of farms report- ing. Sheep of shearing age. WOOL PRODUCED. Fleeces (num- ber). Weight (pounds). Value. Sheep of shearing age on 25,504 17^714 15,961 1,753 658,484 Wool produced, as reported, 1909 560,654 494,904 65,750 682,337 674,625 7,712 1. 1 4,051,170 3, 605, 776 445,394 4,971,380 4, 799, 742 171, 638 3.6 $1,058,609 942,332 116,277 1,299,218 966, 746 332, 472 34.4 On farms reporting sheep April 15, 1910 477,603 Total production of wool (partly estimated): 1909 1899 Goat hair and mohair: 1909 and 1899. — Although 2,040 farmers reported 12,435 goats on their farms Aprfl. 15, 1910, only 184 reported the production of goat hair or mohair during 1909. These farmers reported 4,117 fleeces, weighing 14,922 pounds and valued at $4,008. Although the production is still unimportant, an increase is shown over that in 1899. Many farmers who have goats do not produce goat hair or mohair, but it is believed that the report is somewhat short of the actual production. Poultry products: 1909 and 1899. — The statement below gives data relative to the production and sale of eggs and poultry; Number of farms report- ing. N umber of fowls on hand. PRODUCT. Quantity. Value. Fowls on farms April 15, 1910. . . On farms reporting eggs pro- 237,165 214, 100 23,065 214,863 21,409,835 20,061,542 1,348,293 Eggs produced, as reported", 1909. Total production of eggs (partly estimated): 1909 Dozem. 93,554,983 100,119,418 86,402,670 13,716,748 15.9 62,036,857 $17,698,603 18,940,454 8,942,401 9,998,053 111.8 11,745,315 1899 198,309 216,529 20,636 218,132 Fowls on farms April 15, 1910: On farms reporting poultry 20,270,103 1,139,732 Poultry raised, as reported, 1909. Total poultry raised (partly es- timated): 1909 No. of fowls. 30,630,613 32,352,888 14,584,010 15,404,028 11,307,599 4,096,429 36.2 6,335,037 1899 Fowls sold, as reported, 1909 178,866 12,096,388 The total number of fowls on Illinois farms on April 15, 1910, was 21,410,000. Of the 237,165 farms reporting fowls, 23,065 did not report any eggs pro- duced in 1909, and 20,636 did not report any poultry raised in 1909. The production of eggs actually re- ported for the year 1909 was 93,555,000 dozens, valued at $17,699,000. According to the Twelfth Census rej)orts the j)roduction of eggs in 1899 was 86,403,000 dozens, the value being $8,942,000. The latter fig- ures, however, are somewhat in excess of the actual returns at that census, because they include estimates made to cover those cases where the schedules reported fowls on hand without reporting the production of eggs. In order to make the returns for 1909 com- parable with those published for 1899 similar esti- mates have been made, the method of estimate and the justification therefor being substantially the same as in the case of wool. The total production of eggs in 1909, including these estimates, was 100,119,000 dozens, valued at $18,940,000. The total production of poultry in 1909, including estimates made on the same basis as for eggs, was 32,353,000 fowls, valued at $15,404,000. , Honey and wax: 1909. — Although, as noted else- where, 29,741 farms reported 155,846 colonies of bees on hand April 15, 1910, 16,726 of these farms, with 61,304 colonies on hand April 15, 1910, made no report of honey or wax produced in 1909. The actual returns show the production of 1,428,640 pounds of honey, valued at $194,625, and 26,240 pounds of wax, valued at $6,138. The true totals are doubtless somewhat above these figures. Sale or slaughter of domestic animals on farms : 1909 and 1899. — The following statement presents statistics relating to the sale or slaughter of domestic animals by Illinois farmers during the year 1909, with certain items for 1899: FARMS REPORTING. VALUE. Number. Percent of all farms. Number of animals. Total. Aver- age. 190^A11 domesticanimals: Sold . . . $132,622,547 14,438,127 3,078,769 471,079 44,336,655 1,011,427 22,581,045 6, 447, 779 114,391 53,218,325 12,927, 677 2,833,972 27,350 11,611 594 Calves: Sold 89,410 11, 125 35.5 410,590 81,079 1,029,835 38, 466 $7.50 4.4 5.81 Other cattle: Sold 106,050 19, 120 42. 1 43.05 7.6 26.29 Horses: Sold 62,018 16,876 363 24.6 165,925 52,426 2,028 3,745,309 762, 545 534,030 4,284 4,232 199 136.09 Mules: Sold 6.7 122.99 Asses and burros: Sold 0.1 56.41 Swine: Sold 139,516 172, 486 12,948 1,649 55.4 14.21 Slaughtered 68.5 16.95 Sheep: Sold 5. 1 5.31 Slaughtered 0.7 6.38 Goats: Sold 373 0.1 2.74 Slaughtered 97 (*) 2.98 1899 — All domestic animals: Sold 2 69, 462,993 10, 154,596 ' Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Schedules called for receipts from sales of animals raised on the farms reporting. The total value of domestic animals sold during the year was $132,623,000 and that of animals slaugh- tered on farms $14,438,000, making an aggregate of $147,061,000. This total, however, involves consider- able duplication resulting from the resale or slaughter of animals which had been purchased by the farmers during the same year. 660 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. The value of the swine sold during 1909 represented about two-fifths of the total value of animals sold, and the value of the cattle (including calves) sold repre- sented about onc-tldrd of the total. The census of 1900 called for the receipts from the sale of all domestic animals raised on the farms report- ing and the value of those slaughteixid in 1899, which Summary: 1909 and 1899. — The following table simimarizes the census data relative tp all of the farm cro])s of 1909 and 1899. It includes not only general farm crops, but also flowers and plants, nursery prod- ucts, and forest products of farms. In comparing one year with the other it should be borne in mind that acreage is, on the whole, a better index of the general amounted, respectively, to $69,463,000 and $10,155,000. The item of sales is not closely comparable with that for 1909, when the inquiry covered all sales whether of animals raised on the farms reporting or elsewhere. It is believed, however, that in many cases the returns for 1899 also included receipts from sales of animals not actually raised on the farms reporting. changes or tendencies of agriculture than either the quantity or the value of the crops, since variations in quantity may be due largely to temporarily favorable or unfavorable clunatic conditions, and variations in the value of the crops are largely affected by changes in prices. (See also discussion of “Total value of farm products.”) ACRES. PER CENT OP IMPROVED LAND OCCUPIED. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1909 1899 Increase.! 1909 1899 Increase.' Per cent of total. Amount. Per cent. 1909 1899 Amount. Per cent. 1909 1899 $372,270,470 $214,832,706 $157,437,764 73.3 100.0 100.0 Crops with acreage reports 20,273,916 20,519,034 -245,118 -1.2 72.3 74. 1 362, 464. 951 207,355,825 155,109,126 74.8 97.4 96.5 Cereals 16,536,457 16,769,010 -232,553 -1.4 59.0 60.5 297,523,098 164,784,437 132,738,661 80.5 79.9 76.7 Other grains and seeds 46,607 19,564 27,043 138.2 0.2 0. 1 341,347 178,421 162, 926 91.3 0. 1 0.1 Hay and forage 3,349,435 3,343,910 5,525 0.2 11.9 12.1 40,660,220 25,568,619 14,991,601 58.6 10.9 11.9 Tobacco 1,313 2,242 -929 -41.4 m 80, 389 85,411 -5,022 -5.9 (n (>1 Broom com 38, 452 95, 137 -56,685 -59.6 0. 1 0.3 1,457,172 2,357,066 -899,894 -38.2 0.4 1.1 Sugar crops 16,220 10,528 5,692 54. 1 0. 1 (n 573.846 259,507 314,279 121. 1 0.2 0.1 Sundry minor crops 5 3,185 -3,180 -99.8 (') (^) 1,393 45,231 -43,838 -96.9 (*) <■‘‘1 Potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams. 148,620 143,998 4,622 3.2 0.5 0.5 6,908,358 5,005,671 1,902,687 38.0 1.9 2.3 other vegetables 120,291 110,8*15 9,446 8.5 0.4 0.4 9,392,296 5,304,903 4,087,393 77.0 2.5 2.5 Flowers and plants and nursery products 4,793 3,821 972 25.4 m 4,517,085 2,473,266 2,043,819 82.6 1.2 1.2 Small fruits 11,723 16,794 -5,071 -30.2 0. 1 1,109,747 1,293,233 -183,486 -14.2 0.3 0.6 9,805.519 7,476, 881 2,328,638 31.1 2.6 3.5 1,914,046 '721,919 1, 192, 127 165. 1 0.5 0.3 4, 304, 847 *4,168,500 136, 347 3.3 1.2 1.9 23, 502 9,841 13, 661 138.8 (*) ^l2 3,325,259 2,555,890 769,369 30. 1 0.9 Miscellaneous 237,865 20, 731 217; 134 1,047.4 0. 1 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. ’ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ’ Includes value of raisins and other dried fruits, wine, cider, vinegar, etc. The total value of crops in 1909 was $372,270,000. Of this amount, 97.4 per cent was contributed by crops for which the acreage as well as the value was reported, the remainder consisting of the value of by-products (straw, garden and grass seeds, etc.) derived from the same land as other crops reported, or of orchard fruits, nuts, forest products, and the like. The com- bined acreage of crops for wliicli acreage was reported was 20,273,916, representing 72.3 per cent of the total improved land in farms (28,048,323 acres). Most of the remaining improved land doubtless consisted of improved pasture, land lying fallow, house and farm yards, and land occupied by orchards and vineyards, the acreage for which was not reported. The general character of Illinois agriculture is indi- cated by the fact that about four-fifths (79.9 per cent) of the total value of crops in 1909 was contributed by the cereals, and about one-tenth (10.9 per cent) by hay and forage. The remainder, representing in value about 9 per cent of the total, consisted mainly of po- tatoes and other vegetables, flowers and plants, nursery products, fruits and nuts, and forest products. The total value of crops in 1909 was 73.3 per cent greater than that in 1899. This increase was clearly due to higher prices. There was a decrease of 1.2 per cent in the total acreage of crops for which acreage was reported, the principal decreases being in the acre- age of cereals and broom corn, which were offset in part by increases for most of the other crops. General farm crops, minor grains and seeds, and snndry minor crops: 1879 to 1909. — The leading crops shown in the next table, in the order of their importance as judged by their value, are corn, $198,350,000; oats, $59,694,000; hay and forage, $40,560,000; wheat, $38,001,000; potatoes, $6,402,000; and broom corn, $1,457,000. It will bo observed, however, that several crops, statistics for which ap- pear elsewhere, are more inqiortant than several of the crops mentioned. By far the most important crop is corn, the acreage being nearly two and one-half t imes as great and the value over three times as great as the acreage and value of oats, which ranks second in both res{)ects. Ilay and forage is third in both acreage and value, STATISTICS OF ACJIUCULTURE. 661 having approximately one-third the acreage and one- fifth the value of corn. Wheat, with an acreage about two-thirds as great as that of hay and forage, has a value almost nineteen-twentieths as great as the latter crop, 'fhe cereals combined are about five times as great in acreage and over seven times as great in value as all hay and forage. Of the hay and forage crops, “timothy alone” ranks first in both acreage and value, constituting in each respect nearly one-half of the total. Second in rank is “timoth}' and clover mixed,” with an acre- age a little less than one-fourth and a value a little more than one-fourth those of all hay and forage. Following in order of acreage are “clover alone,” “coarse forage,” “other tame or cultivated grasses,” and “wild, salt, or prairie grasses.” In value these crops rank in similar order, except that “wild, salt, or prairie grasses” precedes “other tame or cultivated grasses.” The following table presents statistics for 1909 re- garding cereals, other grains and seeds, hay and for- age, potatoes, tobacco, broom corn, and sundry minor cro’ps : CROP. Farms report- ing. Acres harvested. QUANTITY. V alue. Amount. U nit. 16,536,457 580,954,423 Bu... $297, 523, 098 Com 226,954 lo’, 045; 839 390',218;676 Bu... 198, 350, 496 Oats 139, 156 4,176,485 150,386,074 Bu... 59,693,819 Wheat, total 76,434 2,185,091 37,830,732 Bu... 38,000,712 Common winter . . . 73,335 2, 165,513 37,442,094 Bu... 37,617,431 Common spring 3,297 19,267 383,431 Bu... 378, 347 Dumm or macaroni 43 311 5,207 Bu... 4,934 Emmer and spelt 232 1,633 41,999 Bu... 20,754 Barley 7,074 63,325 1,613,559 Bu... 880, 706 Buckwheat 566 4,696 68,125 Bu... 48,040 Rye 4,643 58,973 787,519 Bu... 523,374 Kafir corn and milo maize 174 415 7,739 Bu... 5, 197 other grains and seeds with acreage report, total 46, 607 247, 971 Bu... 341, 347 Dry edible beans 627 L 153 6, 866 Bu... 12,842 Peanuts 230 109 1,792 Bu... 2,111 Dry peas 4,534 41,076 185,020 Bu... 273,373 Broom com seed 2 30 1,011 Bu... 5,050 Flaxseed 19 115 1,156 Bu... 1,548 Sorghum cane seed 5 155 3,122 Bu... 1,884 Sunflower seed 548 3,969 49,004 Bu... 44. 539 Seeds with no acreage 0) 1,914,046 Timothy seed 2,875 w 153, 160 Bu... 234, 055 Clover seed 8,098 115,674 Bu... 793. 049 Alfalfa seed 6 74 Bu... 800 Millet seed 69 (>) 14,898 Bu... 12, 684 Other tame grass seed . . 4,014 (>) 1,006, 184 Bu... 678, 832 Flowerand gardenseeds 87 (') 194. 626 Hay and forage, total . . . 176,355 3,349,435 4,354,466 Tons. 40,560,220 Timothy alone 109, 050 1,587,219 1,947,572 Tons. 20,028,646 Timothy and clover mixed 46,913 827,625 1, 123, 2,54 Tons. 11,177,121 Clover alone 34,037 427,957 539, 790 Tons. 4, 61)0, 696 Alfalfa 3,116 18,344 52, 284 Tons. 583,476 Millet or Hungarian grass 6,852 33,968 46,918 Tons. 346, 109 other tame or culti- vated grasses 6,631 128,258 122,888 Tons. 742,637 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses 6,415 112,978 128, 531 Tons. 891, 138 Grains cut green 10, 426 80,220 99, 828 Tons. 832. 987 Coarse forage 12,230 132,827 293, 108 Tons. 1,295, 227 Root forage 34 33 293 Tons. 2, 183 Potatoes 189,903 138,052 12, 166,091 Bu... 6,401,598 Sweet potatoes and yams. . 19, 675 10,568 1,050,932 Bu... 500, 760 Tobacco 1,652 1,313 1,029,016 Lbs.. 80,389 Broom com 1,854 38,452 19,309,425 Lbs.. 1, 457, 172 Sundry minor crops, total* 5 1,393 5 (’) 770 Willows 5 5 20,000 Lbs.. 600 > The entire acreage from which these seeds were secured is believed to be included in the acreage given elsewhere for hay and forage crops, flowers and plants, etc. * Includes small amounts of hemp and hops. 3 Less than 1 acre. Potatoes, broom corn, and dry peas are impor- tant both in acreage and value, varying from 1.38,052 acres for potatoes down to 38,452 for broom corn, and in value from SO, 402, 000 for potatoes down to S273,000 for dry peas. Sweet potatoes and yams also are a croj) of considerable importance. In value “clover seed,” “timothy seed,” and “other tame grass seed” show important amounts. The fluctuations in the acreages of some of the prin- cipal crops during the past 30 years are shown in the following table: CROP YEAR. ACRES HARVESTED. Com. Oats. Wheat. Barley. Hay and forage. Pota- toes. 1909 10,045,839 4, 176, 485 2, 185,091 63,325 3,349,435 138,052 1899 10,266,335 4,570,034 1,826, 143 21,375 3,343,910 136, 464 1889 7,863,0-25 3,870,702 2,240,932 41,390 3,522,884 170, 726 1879 9,019,381 1,959,889 3,218,542 55,267 2, 467, 302 (■) ' Not reported. The acreage in com, the leading crop in 1909, ex- ceeded that in 1879 by over a million. From 1879 to 1889 there was a loss of more than a million acres, fol- lowed during the next 10 years by a gain of 2,403,310 acres, and in the following decade by a loss of nearly a quarter of a million acres. The acreage of oats nearly doubled during the first decade, made a gain of 699,332 acres during the next 10 years, and a decrease of 393,549 during the last decade, the acreage in 1909 being a little more than double that of 30 years before. Wheat decreased in acreage during the two decades following 1879 and increased during the last 10 years, showing in 1909 an acreage about two-thirds as great as in 1879. The acreage of barley decreased rapidly be- tween 1879 and 1899, but nearly trebled during the last decade, maldng the acreage in 1909 greater than in 1879. Barley, however, is not an important crop as compared with the others shown in the above table. For hay and forage the greatest acreage was reached in 1889, followed by a decrease during the next 10 years and again by a slight increase during the last dec- ade, the acreage in 1909 being one-third greater than in 1879. The following table shows for 1909 and 1899 the per- centage which the farms reporting specified crops represented of all farms, the percentage of improved land devoted to these crops, and the percentage of increase or decrease in the acreage of each crop during the decade, together with the average yields and aver- age values per acre for 1909: CROP. PER CENT OF FARMS REPORTING. PER CENT OF IMPROVED LAND. Per cent of increase in acres; 1899 to 1909* AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE. AVERAGE VALUE PER ACRE. 1909 1899 1909 1899 1909 1909 Corn 90.1 93.1 35.8 37.1 -2.1 38.8 Bu. $19. 74 Oats 55.2 59.8 14.9 16.5 -8.6 36.0 Bu. 14.29 Wheat 30.3 25.7 7.8 6.6 19.7 17.3 Bu. 17.39 Barley 2.8 0.8 0.2 0.1 196.3 25.5 Bu. 13.91 Hay and forage 70.0 68.7 11.9 1-2.1 0.2 1.30 Tons. 12.11 Fofatoes 75.4 68.9 0.5 0.5 1.2 88.1 Bu. 46.37 > A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. TSIOO”— 13 43 662 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Of every 100 farms 90 report corn, 75 report ])()tatoes, 70 rcj)ort hay and forage, 55 report oats, and 30 report wlieat. It will be noticed that the percentages ret)orting corn and oats have de- creased tluring tlie ])ast decade, while the proportions reporting other cro|)S enumerated in the preceding table have increased. These six crops together occupy about 71 per cent of the improved land of the state. The average value per acre of cereals combined is $17.99, corn ranking above tliis average, other cereals below it. The average value per acre of hay and forage is about two-thirds that of the combined cereals. The average value per acre of potatoes is over two and a half times the average value of the combined cereals. While the production of corn is very general over the state, the greatest aci'eages are in the central counties. Within tliis district a small group of counties in the north central part of the state show increases for the past 10 years. Increases are also shown for nearly all the counties in the southern part of the state. The largest percentages of decrease are in Jo Daviess, Mason, Madison, Cass, Schujder, Menard, Cumberland, Winnebago, Macoupin, and Stephenson Counties. Oats are grown throughout the state, though in very small amounts in the southern counties. A decrease in the oat acreage is reported from the greater portion of the state, increases being shown in only a few scattered counties. Wheat, which is grown princi- pally in the western and southern parts of the state, shows very great increases in the western counties during the last 10 years, but decreases in the acreages of this crop are recorded for most of the southern and for a few of the northern counties. The hay and forage acreage is very evenly distributed over the state. About one-third of the counties show decreases in acreage of this crop, the largest relative losses being reported for Hancock, Livingston, Kendall, Lawrence, and McDonough Counties. Alfalfa has thus far made httle headway, although grown in every county except two. Over half of the alfalfa acreage of the state is reported from the six counties of Lake, McIIenr}^, Alexander, Kane, Peoria, and Cook. vegetables, flowers and plants, and nursery prod- ucts: 1909 and 1899. — In 1909 the total acreage of potatoes and other vegetables was 268,911 and their value $16,300,654. Excluding (so far as reported sepa- rately 0 potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, the acreage of vegetables was 120,291 and their value $9,392,000, both acreage and value being materially greater than in 1899. The table distinguishes be- tween farms which make the raising of vegetables a business of some importance (having produced vege- * It, is probable that some of the potatoes and sweet j)otatoe8 and yams raised in farm gardens were not reported separately by farm- ers, but were included in their returns for vegetables. tables valued at $500 or more in 1909) and other farms, on most of which vegetables are raised mainly for home consumption. There were, in 1909, 2,227 farms in the first class, representing about three-tenths of the total acreage of vegetables and more than one-third of the total value, the average acreage of vegetables per farm for these farms being 16.5 and the average value of product per acre $89.45. The raising of flowers and plants and of nursery pro- ducts is also comparatively important in Illinois, 4,793 acres being devoted to them in 1909, and the prod- uct being valued at $4,517,085. Most of the product was raised on a few farms where these branches of agriculture were carried on as an important business. The table which follows shows details with regard to vegetables (not inelucUng potatoes and sweet potatoes and yams, whieh appear elsewhere), and also with regard to flowers and plants and nursery products: CROP. FARMS reporting: 1901) ACRES. VALUE OF PRODUCTS* Num- ber. Per cent of all farms. 1909 1899 1909 1899 Vegetables, other than po- tatoes and sweet pota- toes and yams, tot^ Farms reporting a product of $500 or 1186,248 2, 227 184,021 670 581 89 258 95 163 73.9 0.9 73. 1 0.3 0.2 m 0.1 (9 0.1 120,291 36,796 83,495 1,339 110,845 $9,392,290 3,291,585 6, 100,711 3,694,801 3,680,973 13,828 822,284 803,343 18,941 $5,304,903 AU other farms Flowers and plants, total . . Farms reporting a product of $250 or over 679 1,894,960 AU other fai'ms Nursery products, total Farms reporting a product of $250 or 3,454 3, 142 578,306 AU other farms ■ Does not include 33,046 farms which reported that they had vegetable gardens, but gave no information as to their products. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Small fruits: 1909 and 1899. — The following table shows data with regard to small fruits on farms : Number of farms ACRES. Quantity Value: 1909 CROP. report- ing: 1909 1909 1899 (quarts): 1909 Small fruits, total 11,723 16.794 13, 602, 676 $1, 109, 747 013,917 2,37,058 191,401 21,863 10,311 14.138 8, 156 3.635 6.410 7,113 5,032 2,909 640 8,031,824 2,915,473 1,834,337 205, 858 Blackberries and dewberries. . Raspberries and loganberries. . 3,503 1,945 252 8,131 G03 491 541 ,-498 13,418 44^238 16G 10 1 1^248 I {■) 608 '268 22 1 Less than 1 acre. Strawberries are by far the most imj)ortant of tlio small fruits grown in Illinois, with blackberries and dewberries and raspberries and loganberries ranldng second and third, respectively. The total acreage of small fruits in 1909 was 11,723 and in 1899, 16,794, a decrease of 30.2 jicr cent. The production in 1909 STATISTK^S 01^ ACilUClJLTURE. 663 wfts 13,603,000 (juarts as compared with 26,120,000 ({uarts in 1809, and the value $1,110,000, as compared j with $1,203,000. Orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits : 1909 and 1899. — Tlio following table presents data with regard to orchard fruits, grapes, nuts, and tropical fruits. The acreage devoted to these products was i not ascertained. In comparing one year with the other the number of trees or vinos of hearing age is on the whole a better index of the general changes or tendencies than the quantity of })roduct, but the data for the censuses of 1910 and 1900 are not closely comparable and the product is therefore compared, although variations may be due largely to temporarily favorable or unfavorable climatic conditions. CROP. TREES OR VINES OF BEARING age: mo TREES OR VINES NOT OF BEARING age: 1910 PRODUCT. 1909 1899 Farms re- port- ing. Number. Farms re- port- ing. Number. Quan- tity.* V'alue. Quan- tity.* Orchard fruits, 16,033,743 3,919,267 4,939,211 $3, 857, 743 9,767,211 Apples 160,215 9,900,627 00,631 2,548,301 3, 093 ; 321 2,111,866 9,178,150 Peaches and nectarines 114,165 2,860,120 34,411 739,358 1,222,570 999, 516 66,805 Pears 68, 556 786,349 25,593 234,037 249,365 202,965 133, 745 Plums and prunes 69,352 600,087 18,468 141,480 78,566 80,384 157,941 Cherries 104,808 843,283 30, 137 239,605 287,376 453, 474 204, 279 Apricots 4,996 12,328 1,514 4,246 1,250 1,457 1,437 Quinces 7,560 30,804 2,547 12,180 6,723 8,037 Mulberries 17 145 1 60 40 44 (2) 3 24,854 Grapes 75, 818 2, 170,340 11,469 287,734 16, 582, 785 426,468 20, 009,400 4 85,428 <35,666 < 714,478 < 20,550 360,680 Persian or Eng- lish walnuts. . 87 772 12 1,045 3,497 331 Pecans 755 28,330 218 8,223 107,066 10,301 41,380 Black walnuts. 1,792 44,159 280 24,698 530,730 7, 411 (“) Butternuts 4S 253 3 17 3,515 76 (*) Chestnuts 5S 678 22 1,315 4,833 321 e) Hickory nuts. . 363 10,805 16 223 60,124 1,954 Unclassified . . . 3319,300 Tropical fruits, & 271 6 237 <• 86 23 Figs 21 124 11 201 1,008 26 23 1 Expressed in bushels for orchard fruits and pounds for grapes, nuts, and figs. 2 Included with “unclassified.” 3 Consists of products not separately named by the enumerator, but grouped under -the designation “all other.” * Includes almonds, hazelnuts, Japanese walnuts, filberts, beechnuts, Siberian nuts, and other nuts. 6 Includes Japanese persimmons. The total quantity of orchard fruits produced in 1909 was 4,939,000 bushels, valued at $3,858,000. Apples contributed about three-fifths of this quantity; peaches and nectarines ranking next in imjiortance. The production of grapes in 1909 amounted to 16,583,000 pounds, valued at $426,000, and that of nuts to 714,478 pounds, valued at $20,550. The production of all orchard fruits together in 1909 was 49.4 per cent less in quantity than in 1899, and the production of grapes also declined. The value of orchard fruits, however, increased from $3,779,000 in 1899 to $3,858,000 in 1909, and that of grapes from $383,000 in 1899 to $426,000 in 1909. It should be noted in this connection that the values for 1899 include the value of more advanced products derived from orchard fruits or grapes, such as cider, vinegar, dried fruits, and the like, and may therefore involve some duplication, while the values shown for 1909 relate only to the products in their original condition. The following table shows the quantities of the more advanced products manufactured by farmers from orchard fruits and grapes. Values were not called for on the schedule. PRODUCT. FARMS reporting: 190i> QUANTITY produced. Num- ber. Percent of all farms. Unit. 1909 1899 Cider Vinegar Wine and grape juice Dried fruits 7,335 3,841 5,009 1,809 2.9 1.5 2.2 0.7 Gals Gals Gals.... Lbs.... 678, 437 207, 242 247,951 128,376 2,365,304 602, 752 223, 819 1,526,420 Sugar crops : 1909 and 1899. — The table below shows data with regard to maple trees and their products, and for sugar beets and sorghum cane. The total value of sorghum cane and sirup produced in 1909 was $496,000 and in 1899, $223,000; the total value of sugar beets produced in 1909 was $77,732 and in 1899, $36,223, and that of maple sugar and sirup pro- duced in 1909 was $23,502, as compared with $9,841 in 1899. PRODUCT. FARMS REPORTING. Acres. PRODUCT. Num- ber. Percent of all farms. Amount. Unit. Value. Maple sugar and sirup: Total, 1909 557 89 548 248 0.2 (**) 0.2 0.1 *48,098 $23,502 1, 113 22,389 9,841 478 9, 363 77, 732 36,223 496, 114 360 490,569 223,344 14, 257 209,087 Sugar made Sirup made Total, 1899 5,366 18, 492 Lbs.... Gals.... 4,090 9,357 14,981 9, 109 Lbs Sir\ip made Gals Tons. . . Tons.. . .Sugar beets: 1909 3 1899 Sorghum cane: Total, 1909 < 293 78 0.1 (=*) 1,181 1,370 Cane grown Cane sold as such. . . Sirup made Total, 1899 21,971 1 21,908 8.7 8.7 15,039 90,287 240 977, 238 Tons... Toils... Gals.... Cane grown Cane sold as such . . . 16,203 6.1 1 9, 158 84,326 5, 165 625,939 Tons... Tons. . . Gals 1 Number of trees. ^ Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * Includes beets used as root forage. < Includes cane used as coarse forage. Forest products : 1909 and 1899. — The census sched- ules for 1910 called for the "value of all firewood, fencing material, logs, railroad ties, telegraph and tele- phone poles, materials for barrels, bark, naval stores, or other forest products cut or produced in 1909, whether used on farm, sold, or on hand April 15, 1910 ;” and also, in a separate item, for the “ amount received from sale of standing timber in 1909.” There were 54,618 farms in Illinois (21.7 per cent of all farms in the state) which reported forest products in 1909, the 664 SUPPLJi^MENT FOR ILLINOIS. total value of such products beiuf^ $3, .‘125, 259, as com- pared with .|2,555,8iK) in 1899, au increase of .30.1 per cent. Of the value in 1909, $2,178,103 was reported as that of products used or to he used on the farms themselves, $976,210 as that of products sold or for sale, and $170,940 as the amount received for standing timher. It should be noted that forest products not produced on farms are not included in this report. Miscellaneous crops; 1909. — Straw and cornstalks derived as by-products from the production of grain and corn have a considerable value for feed and other purposes. They are, however, mainly consumed on the farms producing them. The Census Bureau made no attempt to ascertain the total quantity or value of these ])roducts, but the schedules called for the quan- tity and value of those sold during the year 1909. The returns show that 5,61.3 farmers in Tllmois sold, during 1909, 59,602 tons of straw, for which they received $214,603, and that 637 farmers sold 7,831 tons of corn- stalks and leaves, for which they received $23,262. SELECTED FARM EXPENSES AND RECEIPTS. Farm expenses: 1909 and 1899. — The next table shows the number of farms reporting expenditures for labor, feed, and fertilizer at the census of 1910, as well as the sums expended in 1909 and 1899: EXPENSE. 1909 1899 INCREASE.' Farms reporting. Amount. Amount, Amount. Per cent. Number. Percent of all farms. Labor Feed 1.39,941 94, 143 11,207 55. 6 37.4 4.4 S.36,308,376 13,915,628 615,594 $22, 182, 550 830, 660 $14,125,826 63.7 Fertilizer -215,066 -25.9 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 2 Not reported at the census of 1900. Over half of the farmers hire labor, and the average amount expended b}' those hiring is $259. Of the total spent for labor, 22.9 per (“ent is in the form of rent and board. During the decade the total ex- pended for labor increased 63.7 per cent. At prior censuses no tabidation was made of the number of farmers reporting expenditures for labor. About three farmers out of every eight report some expenditure for feed, while less than 1 out of 20 re- ports the purchase of fertilizer. About three-fourths as much was spent for fertilizer in 1909 as in 1899, the average expenditure in 1909 for fertilizer per farm reporting being $54.93. Receipts from sale of feedable crops: 1909. — An effort was made at the census of 1910 to secure as com- plete a statement as possible of the sales as well as of the production of the more important feedable crops (that is, crops ordinarily fed to live stock). Tha fol- lowing table summarizes the data reported: FARMS REPORTING. QUANTITY SOLD. CROP. Number. Per cent of all farms. Amount. Unit. Amount received. Total $104,425,194 70,454,460 28, 182, 106 164, 764 Corn 102, 733 80, 222 1,403 40.8 128,518,179 69,981,451 305,044 565, 217 Bu 31. 9 Bu Bariev 0. 6 Bu Hay and coarse forage 40,654 16. 1 Tons. . . 5,623,864 While the total amount expended by Illmois farmers for the purchase of feed in 1909 was $13,916,000, the total receipts from sales of feed by those reporting sales amounted to $104,425,000. STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. « COUNTY TABLES. 665 Tables 1 to 0, wlucli follow, present by counties the more important agricultural data collected at the Thirteenth Census, 1910. Table 1 shows the population, munber of farms, land and farm area, value of farm property, and number and Vidue of domestic animals and of poul- try and bees, as of April 15, 1910. Comparative data for Juno 1, 1900, are given in italics for certain items. Table 2 gives the number of farms, the farm acre- age, anti the value of farm property operated by owners, tenants; and managers, collected as of April 15, 1910. Statistics of farm mortgages are included in this table. (See ex])]anation in text.) Comparative data for June 1, 1900, are given in italics for certain items. Table .3 gives statistics pertaining to the products of live stock on farms (dairy products, poultry and eggs, honey and wax, and wool and mohair) ; also the num- ber and value of domestic animals sold or slaughtered on farms for the year 1909. Table 4 shows the total value of farm crops and the principal classes thereof, together with the acreage (or trees of bearing age) and production of the principal crops for the year 1909. Table 5 gives statistics relating to selected farm ex- penses for 1909 and also shows the receipts from, the sale of feedable crops. .Table 6 shows the number and value of domestic animals in barns and inclosures not on farms, by classes, together with the number of dairy cows and mature horses and mules, on April 15, 1910. 1 2 3 4 5 f) 7 S <) 10 II 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 01 62 63 64 65 60 67 68 09 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 ; SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1 .— FAllMS AND FARM PROPERTY, (Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics.] The State. Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. Population 5, 638, .591 64,588 22, 741 17, 075 15, 481 10, 397 Population in 1900 4,8$ 1,550 67, 068 19,384 16,078 15, 791 11,567 Number of all farms 251, 872 4,030 698 1,9.58 1,322 1,516 Number of all farms in 1900 $64, 161 4,224 772 1,908 1,321 1,605 Color and nativity of farmers: Native white 217, 053 3,629 577 1,816 8.58 1,460 Koreign-born white 33, 394 393 14 124 464 56 1,425 14 107 18 Number of farms, classlfled by size: Under 3 acres 845 10 3 2 1 3 3 to 9 acres 9, 191 1,87 15 40 37 58 10 to 19 acres 10, 258 231 19 73 31 60 20 to 49 acres 33, 322 493 200 299 87 225 50 to 99 acres 57,917 922 204 582 302 393 100 to 174 acres 80, 539 1,316 142 591 * 582 481 175 to 259 acres 38, 315 572 51 2.50 212 181 260 to 499 acres 19, 440 280 47 113 69 103 500 to 999 acres 1,842 22 12 8 1 11 203 3 5 1 LAND AND FARM AREA Approximate land area 35,867,520 538, 880 144,640 248, 320 187,520 190,080 Land in farms acres.. 32, 522, 937 495, 864 82, 896 223, 286 172,312 181,939 Land in farms in 1900 acres.. 32, 794, 728 495, 762 89, 758 218. 794 173,674 180,953 Improved land in farms 28, 048, 323 388,573 49, 893 197, 909 146,091 132, 404 Improved land in farms in 1900 acres. . 27,699,219 387,497 50,914 188, 184 143,371 120,575 Woodland in farms 3,147,879 79,118 28, 315 16, 697 10, 437 35,902 Other unimproved land in farms acres.. 1,. 326, 735 28, 173 4,088 8,680 15, 784 13,573 Per cent of land area in farms 90.7 92.0 57.3 89.9 91.9 95.7 Per cent of farm land improved 86.2 78.4 60. 2 88.0 84.8 72.8 Average acres per farm 129. 1 122.9 118.8 114.0 130.3 120.0 Average improved acres per farm 111. 4 90.3 71.5 101. 1 110.5 87.4 VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property dollars. . 3,905,321,075 45, 275, 196 3, 809, 774 14, 306, 009 20, 849, 153 15,905,363 All farm properly in 1900 2,004,316,897 25,309,025 2, 236, 872 7,058,670 12,675,793 7,639,165 Percent increase, 1900-1910 94.8 78.9 70.3 102.7 64.5 108.2 Land dollars. . 3,090, 411,148 33, 150, 464 2,824,712 10,144, 138 14,531,088 11,795,422 Land in 1900 1,514,113,970 18,318,240 1,842,110 4, 732, 970 8,849,830 5,246,740 Buildings 432,381,422 6, 588, 908 496, 2,S9 1,884,830 3, 509, 500 1,981,265 Buildings in 1900 251,467,580 3,853,990 286,110 1,161,700 2,097,590 1,141,830 Implements and machinery dollars. . 73, 724, 074 1,012,537 115,645 291,476 537, 432 321, 591 Implements, etc., in 1900 dollars. . 44,977', 310 597,320 95, 180 212,960 312,320 192, 500 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees dollars. . 1 .308, 804, 431 4,517,287 373,128 1,98.5,505 2,211,133 1,807,085 Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 193, 758, 037 2,539, 475 213, 472 951,040 1,416,053 1,058,095 Per cent of value of all property in— Land 79.1 73.2 74 1 70.9 69.7 74.2 Buildings 11. 1 14.6 13.0 13.2 17.1 12.5 Implements and machinery 1.9 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 7.9 10.0 9.8 13.9 10.0 11.4 Average values: All property per farm dollars. . 15, 505 11,218 5, 4,58 7,306 15, 771 10, 492 Land and buildings per farm dollars. . 13,986 9,848 4, 7.58 6,143 13, 092 9,088 Land per acre 95. 02 66.87 34. 08 45. 43 84.33 64.83 Land per acre in 1900 dollars. . 46.17 38.95 18.29 21.83 50.98 29.00 DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals 246,353 3,944 674 1,905 1,308 1,474 Value of domestic animals dollars . . 296,619,153 4,332.477 359, 443 1,809,403 2,141,911 1,730,358 Cattle: Total mmtber 2,440,577 37.0.50 1,879 18, 491 27,6.32 12,773 Dairy cows 1,050.223 14,158 906 11,103 17,611 3,771 Other cows 281,957 5,37.5 249 917 1,714 2,029 Yearling heifers 306,969 4,590 253 2,723 3,275 1,777 Calves 324,079 4,792 245 2,504 3,064 1,600 Yearling steers and bulls 205,564 4,213 185 646 1,007 1,761 'Other steers and bulls 271,785 3,922 41 538 %1 1,835 Value dollars. . 73,4.54,745 1,001,021 43,738 558,267 851,702 389,712 Horses: Total nmnber 1,452,887 20,272 1,245 10,179 8,396 7,844 Mature horses 1,264,202 17,637 1,116 8,551 7,592 6,727 Yearling colts 138,447 1,832 63 1,102 703 738 Spring colts 50,238 803 60 466 101 379 Value 163,363,400 2,077,292 119,880 971,922 952,394 875,200 Mules: Total number 147,833 2,414 1,142 1,717 44 741 Mature mules 121,450 1,864 1,093 1,094 40 554 Yearling colts 19,181 366 27 427 3 149 Spring colts 7,202 184 22 196 1 38 Value dollars. . 18,140,335 287,346 140,888 174,689 5,190 93,582 Asses and burros: Number 2,863 47 5 44 33 Value 568, 194 14,0,50 1,225 9,285 7,390 Swine: Total number 4, 686,. 362 131,. 582 8,022 17,9.55 23,037 44,204 Mature hogs 2,603,062 69,721 5,291 11,001 12,573 24,355 Spring pigs 2, 083,. 300 61,861 2,731 6,9.54 10,464 19,849 Value 36.210,179 827,434 46, 123 120,437 206,5,39 316,875 Sheep: Total number 1,0.59,846 31,223 440 7,8Y> 20,680 10,9.35 Rams, ewes, and wethers 6,58,484 19,. 513 295 4,603 18,376 5.979 Spring lambs 401,302 11,710 145 3,272 2,310 4.9,56 Value dollars. . 4,843,736 124,200 . 1,,547 33,802 126,030 47,326 Goats: Number 12,435 305 16 269 11 91 Value 38,. 564 1,128 42 1,001 50 273 POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds 21,409,8,35 327,809 28,2,50 210,224 119,401 1'28,010 Value 11,696,6.50 177,290 12,8(M 113,467 67,826 73,220 Nvimber of colonies of bees 1,5,5,846 2,. 585 935 385 1,323 Value dollar, s. . 487,733 7,. 520 821 2,695 1,396 3,507 ’ Includes $895 for "all other animals,” as follows: Elk, $300; door, $595. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 64 55 58 57 58 69 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 STATISTICS OF AGRKTJI/rURE 667 COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. [Comparalivo data fur Juno 1, 1900, in italics.] Bureau. Calhouu. Carroll. Cass. Cliampaign. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Coles. Cook. Crawford. Cumber- land. 43,975 8,610 18,035 17,372 51,829 34.. 594 23,517 24,033 18,601 22,832 .34,517 2,405,233 26,281 14,281 16 , 124 4t,ltS 8,917 18,96$ 17,222 47,622 $2,790 19,653 19,824 34 , 140 1,838,736 19,240 3,276 1,049 1,822 1,244 3,757 2.889 3,020 2,805 1,999 2,695 5,663 2,390 2,264 s,»n 1,061 1,862 1,433 4,316 3,137 3,416 2,783 2,004 2,739 6,827 2,685 2,484 2,533 957 1,543 1,114 3,251 2,6,54 2,964 2,733 1,607 2,636 2,906 2,376 2,216 742 92 278 130 500 227 55 70 381 58 2,746 13 47 1 1 6 8 1 2 11 1 11 1 1 4 6 2 9 2 5 2 1 22 328 1 110 35 84 34 112 81 106 86 27 123 554 33 90 94 46 28 102 102 123 144 46 114 806 95 114 195 143 137 123 198 250 608 690 158 419 1,420 552 502 522 250 319 210 630 572 991 845 393 652 1,068 777 764 1,198 349 670 371 1,321 1,008 777 710 853 856 1,089 635 541 705 158 353 256 869 565 285 213 359 365 285 201 176 416 71 186 192 481 281 117 100 152 131 98 83 73 29 14 21 26 34 28 7 14 8 13 12 13 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 563,840 163,840 289,920 237,440 667,520 448,000 315,520 295,660 309, 120 336,000 597, 120 289,920 225,920 524,455 142,098 272,814 207,007 608,428 422,520 301,318 266,489 280, 440 306,098 387,603 238, 143 205, 725 m,962 144,978 276,461 216,869 627, 786 426,942 311,613 266,636 279, 163 310,600 407 , 04 s 268,044 216,094 461, 175 79, 168 222,870 167,732 596, 608 407,3^ 248,239 236,351 244,556 280, 207 331,092 211,753 186, 189 i5S,2U 74, 708 236,682 166,330 610, 136 409,067 254,344 217,990 236,200 279,733 349,619 221,914 188,808 42,307 56,837 23,397 26,114 10,742 12,983 41,650 29,495 30,506 23,528 26,986 23.064 16,268 20,973 6,093 26,547 13, 161 1,078 2,154 11,429 643 5,378 2,363 29, 525 3,326 3,268 93.0 86.7 94.1 87.2 91.1 94.3 95.5 90.1 90.7 91.1 64.9 82.1 91.1 87.9 55.7 81.7 81.0 98.1 96.4 82.4 88.7 87.2 91.5 85.4 88.9 90.5 160.1 135.5 149.7 166.4 161.9 146.3 99.8 95.0 140.3 113.6 68.4 99.6 90.9 140.8 75.5 122.3 134.8 158.8 141.0 82.2 84.3 122.3 104.0 58.5 88.6 82.2 76,034,035 7,233,195 28,319,727 24,458, 480 123,312,914 62,351.147 20,979,328 14,155,041 17,642,941 48,687,765 21,100,436 91,648,602 18,784,505 15,828, 183 8,489,936 $7,970,986 4,421,679 17,090,924 12,668,084 64,942,206 27,617,816 12,053,162 7,886,631 9,609,715 81,034,671 9,962,645 100.2 63.6 65.7 93.2 124.4 126.6 74.1 79.5 83.6 130.7 13.1 88.7 86.4 60,064,392 5,326,332 19,718,636 19, 895, 242 107,748,316 52, 237, 557 15.523.336 9,858,733 12, 504, 459 40, 536, 222 71,120,399 14.075,432 11,715,633 28,667,980 3,332,280 11,697,690 9,766,640 46,346,010 21,634,330 8,391,930 5,236,860 6,771,280 16,864,090 68,265,260 7,036,460 6,965, 160 8,483,250 997, 655 674,660 4, 674, 480 2,401,860 8, 143,770 4,817,990 2,842,736 2,071,016 2, 621, 298 4,032,341 14,422,688 2,437,945 2, 100,855 4,739, $90 2,788,770 1,429,080 4 , 94 s, 770 2,725,060 1,719,030 1,292,110 1,673,720 2,668,760 8,839,960 1,389,110 1,171,130 1,347,849 166,334 694, 525 4,32,885 1,575,965 906, 604 465, 911 308,476 522, 163 756,010 2,005,589 363,565 332,075 780,470 117,470 431,760 219,640 1 , 029,400 488,890 362,430 216 , 740 281,890 498,960 1,105,610 298,970 262,540 6, 138, 544 742,874 3,232,086 1,728,493 5,844.863 4,388,996 2,147,345 1,916,816 1,995,021 3,363, 192 4,099,926 1,907.563 1,679,620 3,883,146 $97,269 2,172,814 1,243,724 3,624,026 2,669,645 1,679,762 1 , 141,931 982,825 2, 168,636 2,823,741 1,228,116 1,101,105 79.0 73.6 69.6 81.3 87.4 83.8 74.0 69.6 70.9 83.3 77.6 74.9 74.0 11.2 13.8 16.5 9.8 6.6 7.7 1,3.6 14.6 14.9 8.3 15.7 13.0 13.3 1.8 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.6 2.2 1.9 2.1 8.1 10.3 11.4 7.1 4.7 7.0 10.2 13.5 . 11.3 6.9 4.5 10.2 10.6 23,209 6,895 15,543 19,661 32,822 21,582 6,947 5,046 8,826 18,066 16,184 7,860 6,991 20,924 6,029 13,388 17,924 30,847 19,749 6,081 4,253 7,567 16,538 15, 106 6,909 6, 103 114.53 37. 48 72.28 96.11 177. 09 123. 63 51. 52 36.99 44.59 132. 43 183.49 59. 10 56.95 64-63 22.98 42.31 45.03 72. 23 60.79 26.93 19.64 24.26 61.09 167. 71 27.27 27.69 3,241 1,025 1,786 1,228 3,697 2,837 2,955 2,715 1,958 2,620 5,260 2,369 2,197 5,961,441 697,045 3,133,691 1,675,840 5,668,694 4,227,132 2,006,797 1,756,347 1,860,533 3,240,131 3,903,967 1,799,119 1,560,323 53,210 4,874 41,658 11,397 28, 195 24,229 16,857 16, 123 19,239 17,536 44, 751 12,373 10,819 14,855 2,183 14,523 3,583 12,598 8,461 7,353 6,687 11.330 6,323 31,955 4,957 4,894 10, 356 573 4,665 1,180 2,829 3,257 1,497 1,952 1,540 1,600 2,764 1,281 1,026 6,414 594 5,246 1,286 4,086 3,030 2,265 2,290 2,419 2,326 3,967 1,749 1,494 7,132 721 5,254 1,649 4,289 3,538 2,334 2,138 2,555 2,248 4,616 1,843 1,479 5,671 462 5,104 1,257 2,341 2,439 1,980 1,655 656 1,898 620 1,0,52 1,196 8,782 341 6,866 2,442 2,052 3,504 1,428 1,401 739 3,141 829 1,491 730 1,528,147 125,222 1,117,183 377,229 861,700 783,481 494,753 415,068 534,898 637,515 1,508,790 384,023 330,580 26,549 3,966 12,704 8,455 30,926 21,180 12,283 10,371 9,927 15,763 18. 599 10,256 9,303 23,394 3,414 11,017 7,351 27, 169 18, 182 10,712 8,989 8,825 13,510 17,282 9,170 8,074 2,526 319 1,428 746 2,734 2,050 1,098 1,0.59 754 1,482 970 710 902 629 233 259 358 1,023 948 473 323 348 771 347 376 327 3, 168, 169 364, 834 1,371,755 897,040 4,008,694 2,291,888 1,150,047 986,752 996,965 1,889,142 2, 148, 753 1,060,161 961,467 1,067 810 206 1,069 2,419 3,758 763 1,424 1,813 1,888 207 605 971 1,009 693 187 933 2,295 3,097 588 1,007 1,464 1,563 200 516 702 51 81 19 101 99 447 122 338 261 234 3 68 193 7 36 35 25 214 53 79 139,726 88 91 4 21 76 133,931 83,565 26,000 143,680 359, 179 523,042 76,155 203,378 258, 463 24,010 68,338 102,151 1 19 2 19 47 38 72 14,253 23,658 19 24 14 12 27 600 3,160 17,444 815 2,424 43,328 14,516 77,463 6,308 34, 363 3,925 16,322 5,325 62,598 1,550 26,341 1,643 31,116 5,595 19,194 108,297 69,776 30,753 61,121 10,381 33,638 16, 546 25,394 43,062 19, 105 14,001 10,090 33,879 16,606 17,724 11,586 47,176 7,003 36,138 14,207 17,934 34,401 15,258 9,657 6.232 28,719 9,735 13,392 7,608 1,035,804 97,993 568,905 250, 128 379,660 554,116 213,399 154,468 99,746 420,574 205,361 209, 134 141,516 17, 707 5,874 9,978 1,432 10,634 11,181 15,111 11,663 5,473 6,183 2,526 17,071 3,963 10,563 3,469 5,937 873 7,657 6,675 8,857 6,801 3,280 3,916 1,972 9,934 2,342 7,144 2,405 4,041 559 2,977 4,506 6,254 4,862 2,193 2,267 554 7,137 1,621 94, 573 20,847 49,054 6, 518 56, 929 59,409 64,257 45,880 21,577 28,977 15,306 75,471 18,917 79 474 211 118 58 250 448 89 15 72 57 134 21 317 1,424 794 430 108 680 1,878 200 44 135 197 349 97 312,921 90,266 166, 575 114,965 309, 133 268. 187 240,968 281,955 286,018 208, 202 331.658 187, 443 198,241 169,980 42,366 92,242 50,677 169,470 157,689 133, 704 154,923 131,027 117,493 188,719 102,834 113,557 2,186 1,314 1,771 791 1,825 1,338 2,120 2,110 1,217 1,517 1,606 7,240 1,554 1,546 7,123 3,463 6,153 1,976 6,699 4,175 6,844 5,546 3,461 5,568 5,610 5,740 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Tab6e 1.— farms and farm PROPERTY, [(Comparative data Jor June 1, 1900, in italics.] Population Population in 1900. Number of all farms Number of all farms in WOO Color and nativity of farmers: Native white Foreign-born white Negro and other nonwhite Number of farms, classified by size: Under 3 acres.' 3 to 9 acres 10 to 19 acres 20 to 49 acres 50 to 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 259 acres 260 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over LAND AND FARM AREA Approximate land area acres Land in fanns acres Land in farms in 1900 acres Improved land in farms acres Improved land in farms in WOO acres Woodland in fanns acres Other unimproved land in farms acres Per cent of land area in farms Per cent of farm land improved Average acres per fann Average improved acres per farm VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property All farm property in WOO Per cent increase, 1900-1910 .dollars .dollars Land dollars Land in WOO dollars Buildings dollars Buildings in WOO dollars Inmlements and machinery dollars Implements, etc., in WOO dollars Domestic animals, poultry, and bees dollars Domestic animals, etc., in WOO dollars Per cent of value of all property in— Land Buildings Implements and machinery Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Average values: All property per farm dollars Land and buildings per farm dollars Land per acre dollars Land per acre in 1900 dollars DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Dairy cows Other cows Yearling heifers Calves Yearling steers and bulls Other steers and bulls Value dollars. Horses: Total number Mature horses Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Mules: Total number Mature mules Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Asses and burros: Number Value dollars. Swine: Total number Mature hogs Spring pigs Value dollars. Sheep: Total number Rams, ewes, and wethers Spring lambs Value dollars. Goats: Number Value dollars. POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds Value dollars. Number of colonies of bee«s Vaiue dollars. Dekalb. Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage, Edgar. Edwards. Effingham. Fayette. 33, 457 18,!)06 19, 591 33, 432 27, 336 10,049 20, 0.55 28,075 .«/, 768 18,973 19,097 38, 196 28,373 10,346 30,465 28,066 2,481 1,6.55 1,839 1,599 2,607 1,327 2,386 4,028 t, 660 1,691 2,036 1,704 3,105 1,319 2,431 4,066 1,772 1,576 1,745 1,023 2,569 1,251 2, 126 3,800 707 78 93 575 35 73 260 228 2 1 1 1 3 3 7 2 2 14 4 1 1 2 68 72 81 62 85 53 59 102 41 65 72 81 95 47 77 130 135 150 181 165 300 220 353 800 427 299 379 404 592 397 660 1,261 968 544 582 624 725 383 791 1,167 589 318 361 184 457 154 289 392 226 191 170 61 307 59 145 154 17 13 11 4 41 13 11 18 3 1 1 2 408, 320 265,600 266,880 220, 800 397, 440 152,320 327,040 466, 560 388, 838 243,991 256, 478 178, 600 381, 150 147,164 281,310 417, 832 S94, m 343,736 358,065 196, 193 381,026 139, 880 288,663 408,683 364, 996 222,607 246, 503 154, 881 352,017 130, 158 233, 678 355, 196 S52, WO 319,880 341,316 163, 798 357, 157 118,619 331,303 333, 199 12, 724 17,210 9,242 13,234 23,026 16, 175 40, 321 51,031 11,118 4,174 733 10, 485 6,107 831 7,311 11,605 95.2 91.9 96.1 80.9 95.9 96.0 86.0 89.6 93.9 91.2 96. 1 86.7 92.4 88.4 83. 1 8.5.0 156.7 147.4 139.5 111.7 146.2 110.9 117.9 103.7 147. 1 134.5 134.0 96.9 135.0 98. 1 97.9 88.2 .58,047,143 41,810,300 51,593.650 25,174,987 59,239,903 9,825, 563 16, 953, 704 25. 489, 267 30,071,716 18,923, 473 20,787,948 18,463,265 26,436,607 4. 669, 190 8,311,778 11,946,903 93.0 120.9 148.2 36.4 124. 1 110.4 104.0 113.4 44, 466, 585 35, 797, 767 44, 577,392 17, 558, 512 .50, 569, 241 6,984,131 12,292,211 18,442,610 31,969,730 16,383,310 16,479,640 13,432,310 20,581,030 3, 138,970 6,681,910 8, 431, 700 7, 414,585 2,873, 450 3,373,955 4, 564, 408 4, 485, 580 1,447,000 2,323,432 3.207,698 4,396,970 1,639,710 3, 101,640 3,896,920 3, 738, 990 776, 930 1,335,630 1,393,680 1,219, 776 606, 491 776, 999 596,617 741,420 232, 951 409, 803 612,610 733, 4ro 360, ISO 474, 350 436, 940 472, 080 131,610 386,630 333,630 4, 946, 197 2, 532, 592 2, 865, 304 2, 455, 450 3, 443, 602 1,161,481 1,928,258 3, 226, 349 3,083, 646 1,641,373 1, 733, 318 1, 707, 095 2,644,437 631, 780 1,117,608 1,697,903 76.6 85.6 86.4 69.7 85.4 71. 1 72.5 72.4 12.8 6.9 6.5 18.1 7.6 14.7 13.7 12.6 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.4 1.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 8.5 6.1 5.6 9.8 5.8 11.8 11.4 12.7 23,397 25,263 28, 055 15, 744 22,723 7,404 7, 105 6,328 20,911 23, 366 26, 075 13,835 21,118 6,3.54 6, 126 5,375 114.36 146 72 173. 81 98.31 132.68 47. 46 43.70 44. 14 66.70 63, 11 63.86 68.76 64.01 33.44 19.47 30.61 2,456 1,621 1,799 1,551 2,579 1,304 2, 338 3.026 4, 793, 652 2, 458, 410 2, 768, 980 2, 379, 602 3,323,093 1,083, 843 1,789,359 3,029,010 43,830 12, 335 11,814 30, 828 19, 838 8,920 20, 160 26, 181 19, 820 5.280 4,814 21,352 6,743 3,497 10,572 11,822 4,904 1,553 1,152 1,489 1,745 986 1,698 2,413 5, 288 1,707 1,487 2,851 2,289 1,198 2,789 3,372 5,317 2,052 1,705 3, 214 2,5V1 995 2,884 3,356 2,965 1,016 1,229 910 2,056 1,216 1,263 2,366 5,536 727 1,427 1,006 4,434 1,028 954 2, 852 1,400,227 415, 177 423,997 1, 127, 143 674, 183 240,083 523, 147 729,962 20,555 13, 463 14.0,34 8,734 17,535 5,716 10,415 17,174 18,035 11,376 12,070 7,780 15,485 4,984 8,977 14, 032 2,099 1,505 1.344 753 1,396 537 1,008 1,785 421 582 020 201 654 195 430 757 2, 455,007 1,592,772 1,831,504 1,055,073 1,876,092 567,380 97.3,117 1,673, .380 284 919 1,469 104 2, 109 8.32 1,098 2.226 270 795 1,315 100 1,731 652 855 1,562 11 100 116 4 331 132 193 530 3 24 38 107 48 50 1.34 45,888 127, 880 . 215,035 12, 060 282, 966 93,725 113,117 236, 921 4 11 14 7 .37 41 23 82 1,0.30 1,660 4,450 1,175 13,015 7,202 4,000 18, 190 82, 158 33,958 35,522 21,811 58, 608 20, 390 22,015 38, .367 40,653 18, 637 18,517 12,435 .33,175 11,451 14,630 24, 2,50 35,505 15,321 17,005 9,376 25, 4.33 8, 9:i9 7,385 14,111 819,942 203, 517 262, 849 176,389 424, 900 1.34, 931 153, 375 274,798 13, 788 11,859 5, ,379 1,368 10. 655 11,163 5,382 20,595 9, 126 7, 651 3,236 898 6, 761 6,428 ,3, 454 12,417 4, 662 4,208 2,143 470 3. 894 4,735 1,928 8.178 71,488 57,300 31,075 7,682 51,053 40, 175 22, 252 95,478 7 32 34 21 245 132 no 119 70 104 70 SO 884 ,341 351 281 2,35, 670 120,003 146,835 124,000 208, ,59,3 1.31,908 270,055 373,8,54 147, 932 72,127 90, 034 74,300 117,473 75,2.50 134,277 190,396 1,373 543 1,479 349 983 1,037 1,093 2,336 4,613 2.055 G. 290 1,548 .3, 096 2,388 4, 622 6, 943 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 SO 81 82 83 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTIJRJi G69 COUNTIES; APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics, ) Ford. Franklin. Fulton. Gallatin. Greene. Grundy. Hamilton. Hancock. Hardin. Henderson. Henry. Iroquois. Jackson. 17,096 25,943 49,. 549 14,628 22,363 24, 162 18,227 30, 638 7,015 9,724 41,7.36 35,543 35, 143 t8,S59 19,675 46,201 15,836 23,402 24 , 136 20, 197 32,215 r,U 6 10,836 40,049 38,014, 33,871 1,747 2,658 3,926 1,563 2,192 1,542 2,964 3,743 929 1,153 3,341 3,941 2,696 1,901 3,050 4,271 1,675 2,320 1,672 3,156 4,003 954 1,382 3,250 4,332 2,676 1,269 2,618 3,794 1,513 2,078 1,016 2,910 3,441 907 1,008 2,201 3,050 2,479 478 39 131 24 109 520 54 290 14 143 1,140 886 171 1 1 26 5 6 8 2 5 46 7 9 14 2 1 6 3 3 8 5 36 64 203 30 93 23 43 139 31 17 155 81 93 33 126 139 76 82 42 112 175 47 20 108 73 117 46 760 491 409 387 67 839 442 202 98 219 132 543 232 918 924 415 480 257 1,117 866 257 203 618 579 699 735 553 1,224 385 584 639 038 1,223 240 363 1,212 1, 568 767 392 142 608 165 299 340 146 ” 588 86 232 643 908 303 254 78 287 70 217 159 58 279 52 174 346 557 145 12 6 31 11 40 12 10 25 12 36 34 31 21 2 5 2 8 2 1 2 7 3 4 3 320,000 284,800 565,760 216,320 329,600 277, 120 291,200 499,200 118,400 240,040 527,360 717,440 376,320 304,019 222,578 506, 222 162, 693 308,579 249,984 247,996 479,919 102, 617 209,367 504,927 679,335 305, 759 sos.m 232, 102 515.396 159,366 316,633 252,257 236,320 475,535 100,391 219,296 501,076 697,412 292,662 300,811 193,252 357,578 139,890 244,569 228,989 210,708 393, 107 70,001 169,228 457,488 648,240 219,367 298,335 185,415 372,298 ISO, 107 251,064 233,608 194, 194 405,631 66, 137 167,075 449,648 646,324 202,256 2,040 27,895 74,727 19,697 45, 797 11,782 29,955 50, 694 30,929 26,098 19,786 23,857 77,814 1,168 1,431 73,917 3,106 18,213 9,213 1,333 36,058 1,687 14,041 27,653 7,238 8,578 95.0 78.1 89.5 75.2 93.6 90.2 85.2 96.1 86.7 87.0 95.7 94.7 81.2 98.9 86.8 70.6 86.0 79.3 91.6 87.4 81.9 68.2 80.8 90.6 95.4 71.7 174.0 83.7 128.9 104.1 140.8 162.1 83.7 128.2 110.5 181.6 151.1 172.4 113.4 172.2 72.7 91.1 89.5 111.6 148.5 73.1 105.0 75.4 146.8 136.9 164. 5 81.4 52,568,207 12,091,664 58,579,979 10,347,171 29,285,865 37,808,965 12,060,033 56,825,671 2,356,892 24,203,576 72,220,464 105,107,898 13,799,600 23,5Ifi,182 5,460,059 29,980,252 5,363,240 15,770,512 18,141,875 5,753,531 27,904,969 1,542,730 12,270,018 33,344,644 50,090,658 8,593,287. 123.3 121.5 95.4 92.9 85.7 108.4 109.7 103.6 52.8 97.3 116.6 109.8 60.6 45,288, 978 8,564,800 44,637,857 7,907,542 22,377,966 31,123,553 8,510,687 43,736,406 1,286,264 19,127,487 56, 564, 737 88,742,773 9,562,501 19, US, 660 3,442,990 21,253,230 3,894,530 11,655,860 14,323,590 3,697,110 20,041,760 980,300 8,933,990 24,472,610 40,726,710 5,927,530 3,598,005 1,613,142 7,099,750 1, 109, 665 3, 304, 175 3,508,785 1,562,686 6,886,095 471,218 2,338,557 8,085,650 8,385,523 2,219,854 2,017,030 835, 110 4,272,110 671,700 1,951,190 1,960,650 843 , 980 3,905,200 235,950 1,397,150 4 , 249,700 4,577,620 1 , 450.430 756,728 268,895 1,168,788 235,037 554,776 692, 449 285,318 1,045,178 73,246 350,883 1,276,059 1,755,034 362, 369 480,420 206, 880 723,420 208,180 322,630 456, 150 186, 720 635,970 62,570 215, ISO 655,420 1,036,850 330 , 140 2,924,496 1,644,827 5,673,584 1,094,927 3,048,948 2,484,178 1,707,342 5,157,992 526, 164 2,386,649 6,294,018 6,224,568 1,654,876 1,604,672 975,079 3,731,492 588,830 1,840,832 1,401,485 1,025,721 3,322,039 263,910 1,723,748 3,966,914 3 , 749,478 885, 187 86.2 70.8 76.2 76.4 70.4 82.3 70.5 77.0 54.6 79.0 78.3 84.4 69.3 6.8 13.3 12.1 10.7 11.3 9.3 13.0 12.1 20.0 9.7 11.2 8.0 16.1 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.8 3.1 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.6 5.6 13.6 9.7 10.6 10.4 6.6 14.1 9.1 22.3 9.9 8.7 5.9 12.0 30,091 4,549 14,921 6,620 13,360 24,519 4,071 15,182 2,537 20, 992 21,616 26, 670 5,119 27,983 3,829 13,178 5,769 11,716 22, 459 3,399 13,525 1,892 18,618 19,351 24,646 4,370 148.97 38. 48 88.18 48.60 72.52 124.50 34.32 91.13 12.53 91.36 112.03 130. 63 31.27 63.04 14.83 41.24 24.44 36. 81 56. 78 15.64 42.15 9.76 40.74 48.84 58 . 40 20.25 1,736 2, 003 3,862 1.541 2, 132 1,532 2,918 3,665 879 1,134 3,234 3,898 2,595 2,835,704 1,528,576 5,507,303 1,035,622 2,935,992 2,394,943 1, 584, 773 4,977,899 500,454 2,332,983 6, 139,356 5,987,535 1,575,800 13,817 10,092 47, 293 5,671 26,028 14, 104 11,355 43,113 3,807 18, 267 57, 438 33,684 12,483 6,446 4,848 14, 340 2,382 7,642 6, 427 5,445 12, 533 1,534 4,061 16, 321 15, 164 5,979 1,208 1,044 7,138 684 2,985 1,625 1,194 6,084 347 2,054 8,580 3,938 1,123 2,021 1,627 6,166 872 2,634 1,591 1,082 4,708 620 1,701 7,240 4,684 2, 126 2,242 1,465 5,964 739 2,783 1,934 1,410 5,347 454 1,841 8,285 4, 791 1, 695 1, 186 735 6, 172 719 2,376 911 837 5,201 605 1,623 6, 121 2,705 981 714 373 7,513 275 7, 608 l,6Vi 787 8,040 247 6,987 10,891 2,402 579 398,823 280,941 1,363,744 139,787 839,948 461,271 285, 270 1,349, 951 87,285 009,988 1, 092, 185 1,000,932 285,300 16,675 8, 147 25,993 5,028 13,394 12,560 9,350 23.533 2,052 9,389 24,753 33,436 7,650 14, 230 7,042 21,998 4,358 11,669 ll,0o8 8,231 20,317 1,730 8.147 21,561 28,345 6,621 1, 764 745 2,848 443 1, 167 1,205 802 2,292 217 979 2, 452 3,636 631 681 360 1,147 227 558 297 317 924 105 263 740 1,455 398 2, 138, 148 783,837 2,899,878 469, 767 1, 298, 207 1,698,337 870, 462 2,584,530 219, 684 1,088,303 2,975,244 4, 345, 806 762,548 597 2,760 764 2,506 1,902 333 2,410 1,619 1,098 511 896 1,335 3,280 543 2,000 643 2, 182 1,523 305 1,673 1,295 919 451 831 1,248 2,785 46 563 97 244 273 23 518 240 107 50 53 73 303 8 197 24 80 106 5 219 84 72 10 12 14 192 77,362 302,233 95,512 288,049 233,943 44,786 239,820 200,512 130, 183 71,825 132,307 189,338 365,747 1 69 12 23 46 4 75 26 27 2 2 5 42 30 11, 850 1,381 3,720 9,857 915 12,260 7,988 6, 355 000 507 120 7,805 21,410 15,831 153,253 22,942 69,236 16,036 18, 630 99, 475 8,280 56,547 149, 967 45,054 24,741 13,221 9,677 79, 464 15, 966 40, 185 10,396 11,382 53, 289 5,458 29, 808 80, 424 26, 137 15, 686 8, 189 6, 154 73, 789 6,976 29,051 . 5, 640 7,248 46, 186 2,822 26, 739 69, 543 18,917 9,055 201,549 116,325 1,089,486 120,798 496, 695 171,613 118,847 745,871 50,649 474, 143 1, 294, 608 400, 215 139, 571 3,569 6,939 13, 163 3,427 13.509 3,081 13,040 20,9.39 1.742 6,322 9,642 8, 655 3,923 2,074 4,027 7, 765 2,114 9, 183 2,059 7,364 12,090 1,010 4,099 6, 195 5,449 2, 255 1,495 2,912 5,398 1,313 4,326 1,022 5,676 8,849 732 2,223 3,447 3, 206 1,668 19, 720 33, 222 56, 780 13,411 56, 875 18,006 57,960 87,073 6, 198 27,453 43, 642 44, 927 14, 646 26 95 242 75 173 4 79 647 51 228 320 61 54 72 168 582 90 407 15 154 1,974 100 671 863 197 183 157,783 171,471 294, 578 107, 546 206,452 141,371 201,035 341,936 49,934 98, 769 278,989 388, 4.32 135, 559 86,101 108,291 158, 203 56,807 108,256 84,553 115, 175 168, 504 24,999 51,8.35 148, 598 225, 787 72, 456 681 2,738 2,657 979 1.873 1,064 2,829 3, 154 353 705 2, 169 2,679 2,5.34 2,691 7,960 8,018 2,498 4,700 4,682 7,394 11,589 711 1,831 6,064 11,246 6,620 1 2 3 4 5 f) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 11 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 ^30 31 32 33 34 35 30 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 63 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 1 .—FARMS AND FARM FROPERTY, [Comparative data lor June 1, 1900, In italics.] Jasper. Jefferson. Jersey. Jo Daviess. Johnson. Kane. Kankakee, Kendall. Population 18,157 29,111 13, 954 22,657 14,331 91,862 40, 752 10, 777 Population in 1000 20, 100 28, 133 14,612 24,633 15,667 78,792 37, 154 11,467 Number of all farms 2,838 3,920 1,504 2,230 1,962 2,309 2,411 1,258 Nambcr of all farms in lUUU 2,000 4,065 1,538 2,389 2,080 2,370 2,665 1,319 Color and nativity of farmers: Native white 2,755 3,729 1,311 1,777 1.949 1,378 1,878 923 J''orei(pi-l)orn while 68 183 190 452 10 930 526 334 Negro and other non white 15 8 3 1 3 1 7 1 Number of farms, classified by size; 3 2 4 14 20 3 to 9 acres 29 80 63 59 47 129 34 25 10 to 19 acres 65 170 52 56 108 120 49 35 20 to 49 acres 606 1,110 170 145 442 187 162 67 50 to 99 acres 990 1,346 320 334 623 411 350 204 100 to 174 acres 761 864 461 815 501 812 945 481 175 to 259 acre.s 260 233 243 488 150 458 551 329 260 to 499 acres 119 101 174 304 67 162 259 107 500 to 999 acres 7 13 18 25 17 14 31 10 1 1 7 2 10 LAND AND FARM AREA Approximate land area 325,120 385,920 234,880 398,720 222,720 337,280 427,520 207,360 Icand in farms 290,375 336, 340 215, 933 363, 130 201,4.38 309,284 402, 237 195, 774 Land in farms in 1900 280, 168 322,0.56 206,287 365, 176 192. 777 311.470 4I6, 127 200,850 Improved land in farms . . .acres. . 263,336 286, 556 156,271 255, 697 144,572 255, 550 371,730 178, 408 Improved land in farms in 1900 . . .acres. . 241.086 262, 433 142. 193 247, 206 132, 333 248,364 363, 133 185,655 Woodland in farms 26, 137 45,323 46,650 61,861 53,383 28,072 19,722 13,110 Other unimproved land in farms . . .acres. . 902 4,461 13,012 45, 572 3,483 25,662 10,785 4,256 Per cent of land area in farms 89.3 87.2 91.9 91.1 90.4 91.7 94.1 94.4 Per cent of farm land improved 90.7 85.2 72.4 70.4 71.8 82.6 92.4 91.1 Average acres per farm 102.3 85.8 143.6 162.8 102.7 133.9 166.8 155 . 6 Average improved acres per farm 92.8 73.1 103.9 114.7 73.7 110.7 154.2 141.8 VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property .dollars. . 18,785,026 16,930,000 16,314.873 28,951,447 7,094,983 42,381,366 53,657,317 29,630,229 All farm property in 1900 -dollars. . 9,363,272 8,982.084 8,645,065 18, 152, 873 3,800,940 26.074,301 28,372,248 15,316,626 I'er cent increase, 1900-1910 100.6 88,5 88.7 59.5 86.7 62.5 89.1 93.5 Land .dollars. . 13, 480, 561 11,645,248 11,976,741 20,075,943 4,477,933 29,237,261 43,816,257 22,870,721 Land in 1900 -dollars. . 6,330,500 5,977,590 6, 160,630 12.415.490 2.329,610 17,811,560 22.330.840 11,257,220 Buildings .dollars. . 2, 539. 769 2,. 346, .590 2,335,999 4,614,100 1,238,940 7,402,270 5,416,307 3,862,250 liuildirujs in 1900 .dollars. . 1,370,730 1,279,080 1,389,390 2,860,280 710,900 4.450,540 3, 152,430 2,246,660 Implements and machinery -dollars. . 479,246 417,965 403,972 669,077 174,080 1,256,814 1,088,574 794, 674 Implements, etc., in 1900 -dollars. . 307,960 274,300 238. 630 421.550 148.650 693,390 649,580 460,050 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees -dollars. . 2,285,4.50 2, 520, 197 1,598,161 3,592,327 1,204,030 4,485,021 3,336,179 2, 102,. 584 Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 1.354.082 1,451.114 856.415 2,456,653 611,780 3,118, 811 2,239,398 1,362,695 Per cent of value of all property in— Land 71.8 68.8 73.4 69.3 63.1 69.0 81.7 77.2 Buildings 13.5 13.9 14.3 15.9 17.5 17.5 10.1 13.0 Implements and machinery 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.7 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees 12.2 14.9 9.8 12.4 17.0 10.6 6.2 7.1 Average values: All property per farm -dollars. . 6,619 4,319 10,848 12.983 3,616 18,3.55 22, 255 23,553 Land and buildings per farm -dollars. . 5, 645 3,509 9,516 11,072 2,914 15,868 20, 420 21,250 Land per acre 46. 42 34,62 55. 47 55. 29 22.23 94.53 108. 93 116.82 Land per acre in 1900 -dollars. . 22. GO 18.56 29.87 34.00 12.08 57. 19 63.79 56.05 DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals 2,814 3,848 1,463 2, 192 1,877 2,248 2,376 1,239 Value of domestic animals -dollars. . 2,126,538 2,330,224 1,522,748 3,475,828 1,157,232 4,361,369 3,198,871 2,024,651 Cattle : Total number 15,274 18,853 11,809 55,625 8,652 57,030 22,595 15,053 Dairy cows 6,9.88 8,971 5,058 21,575 3,247 38,524 11,562 6,960 Other cows 1,689 1,9.55 1.384 6,170 1,190 3.417 1,959 1,464 Yearling heifers 2,070 2,754 1,670 5, 584 1,356 5, 192 2,880 1,774 Calves 2,066 2,596 1,436 8,686 1,077 6, 113 3,260 2,480 Yearling steers and bulls 1.493 1,465 1.313 5,892 1.227 1,307 1.356 1,027 Other steers and bulls 968 1, 112 1,008 7,718 555 2,477 1,578 1,348 Value -dollars. . 440, 306 492, 078 340, 309 1,514,936 224, 740 2, 096, 250 651,735 455,907 Horses: Total number 12,608 13, .399 8,285 12, 533 5. 023 14,212 18,476 10,421 Mature horses 11,0.56 11.624 7.406 11,097 4, 265 12,986 15,565 9,359 Yearling colts 1, 182 1,296 598 1.255 496 1,027 2,084 843 Spring colts 370 479 281 181 262 199 827 219 Value .dollars. . 1,322, 445 1,237,336 768, 808 1 . 279, 244 536,857 1,734.791 2,289,274 1,226,868 Mules: Total number 903 3,403 782 91 2, 166 291 355 154 Mature mules 704 2, 211 591 84 1,,584 257 313 140 Yearling colts 154 863 139 5 413 . 32 30 12 Spring colts 45 329 52 2 169 2 12 2 Value -dollars. . 95,141 330, 490 91,499 10, 745 244, 296 34,062 41,920 22,620 Asses and burros: 33 143 11 113 3 5 6,690 21,435 3,250 22 , 185 525 510 Swine: Total number 27, 4.53 26,147 44.4fi4 73,808 15. .489 4.5,341 20 , 225 28,808 Mature liogs 16,677 15.685 25, 217 32. 817 9, 723 27, 495 12,692 14,932 Spring pigs 10, 776 10, 462 19. *247 40.991 5, 706 17,846 7, .533 13,876 Value -dollars. . 190, 927 172,116 294, 289 518, 438 94,642 4-19, 700 203, 435 279, 367 Total numbor 17,043 18, 3.54 4,8,33 32, 520 8,412 8. 243 2,408 7,376 Rams, ewes, and wethers 9, 890 10, .5t).5 2,842 19,415 4,907 5, 977 1,602 4,609 Spring lambs 7,153 7,789 1,991 1.3, 105 3, .505 2, 266 806 2, 767 Value 70, 864 76, .589 24,088 1.52. 059 34,381 45, 881 11,672 39, 789 Goats: Number 92 88 209 181 39 37 79 ,38 Value 165 180 505 406 131 160 325 100 POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds 260, 752 305,614 1.30, 155 20'', 845 83, 318 190, 751 210, 898 119, (MM Value -dollars. . 151,856 184, 1.30 73, 335 111,505 43,015 117,805 132, 894 76, 432 Number of colonics of bees 2,077 2. .302 784 1,396 1,452 1,329 1,188 423 Value -dollars. . 7, 056 6.843 2.078 4,994 3,183 5,847 4,414 1,501 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE 071 BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1010— Coiiliiuiocl. . [Comparative data for Juno 1, 1900, in itaiics.] Knox. La Salle. Lake. Lawrence. Leo. Livingston. Logan. McDon- ough. McHenry. McLe.an. Macon. Macoupin. Madison. 1 46, 159 90, 132 55,058 22,661 27, 750 40, 465 30,216 26,887 32, 509 68,008 54, 186 50,685 89, 847 2 J,S,6i2 87, 776 34.504 16,523 29, 894 42.035 28,680 28,412 29, 759 67,843 44, 003 42.256 64,694 3 2,860 4,282 2,250 1.885 2,774 3. 969 2,320 2, 706 2,860 4,500 2,616 4,013 3, .554 4 S,006 4,66! 2,229 2, 183 2,860 4,284 2,405 2,816 2, 774 4,873 2,650 4,179 3,563 5 2,386 3, 252 1, 514 1,841 2, 329 3, 198 1, 894 2,597 1,827 3,873 2, 470 3,489 2,740 6 472 1,025 734 24 445 771 421 109 1,032 619 140 504 764 7 2 5 2 20 5 1 8 20 0 20 60 8 6 10 14 2 6 8 10 2 2 7 6 8 9 120 132 140 29 116 112 51 68 154 231 149 157 154 10 113 144 120 64 72 104 64 88 98 201 130 1.52 158 11 261 253 295 422 158 129 141 267 236 301 259 477 362 12 544 711 584 584 376 540 369 729 589 629 485 903 915 13 956 1,643 729 473 1,057 1,666 836 944 - 1, 128 1,440 875 1,359 1,343 14 506 895 263 212 628 962 513 418 458 989 477 641 488 15 325 461 86 86 341 430 312 162 187 626 217 299 118 16 25 31 16 11 20 18 22 27 7 54 16 18 5 17 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 9 1 1 3 18 455, 040 733, 440 291,200 229, 120 474, 880 667, 520 394, 880 376, 320 396, 800 ■ 762,240 374,400 550,400 471,680 19 424, 381 662, 755 251,003 201,865 443, 814 646, 551 381, 478 353, 776 368, 931 733, 161 356,946 511,225 408, 487 20 i32.9J,9 706,039 259,544 218,831 453, 624 649,495 381,037 358, 153 369,225 737,578 352, 109 525,587 408,879 21 346, 420 605, 014 181,682 183,026 401, 014 409,362 630, 408 364,976 303, 255 264,200 703, 695 342, 300 409, 831 354,436 22 S6S,066 625,450 190, 106 186,934 625,401 357,205 307, 108 271,017 697,828 333,016 415, 125 351,353 23 44,888 45,610 30, 336 17, 591 12, 464 12, 501 13,686 26,609 33, 722 22,976 11,805 50,642 33,987 24 33,073 12, 131 38,985 1,248 30, 336 3,642 2,816 23, 912 71,009 6,490 2, 841 50,752 20,064 25 93.3 90.4 86.2 88.1 93.5 *96.9 96.6 94.0 93.0 96.2 95.3 92.9 86.6 26 81.6 91.3 72.4 90.7 90.4 97.5 95.7 85.7 71.6 96.0 95.9 80.2 86.8 27 148.4 154.8 111.6 107.1 160.0 162.9 164.4 130.7 129.0 162.9 136.4 127.4 114.9 28 121.1 141.3 80.7 97.1 144.6 158.8 157.3 112.1 92.4 156.4 130.8 102,1 99.7 29 60, 776, 744 Sl,m,6J,6 114,911,820 31,631,567 16,479,665 59, 155, 367 121,558,684 69, 724,818 50, 781, 741 39,988,944 147,846,611 67,432,807 67, 389, 852 27,672,640 47,445,913 39, 715, 168 30 58,020,553 19,820,854 8,117,145 31,780,414 55,055,333 31,639,852 25,438,205 27, 107,118 24,357,458 25,234,533 31 95.0 98.1 59.6 103.0 86.1 120.8 120.4 99.6 47.5 119.3 143.5 94.8 57.4 32 47,823,827 94, 722, 629 20,748,461 12,831,472 46,123,021 104, 585, 544 59,697,861 41,353,038 26,511,727 125, 993, 902 57, 571, 499 35,652,660 28,811,486 18,432,400 33 23,384,330 45,689,360 13,802,240 5,757,200 1, 881, 798 23,613,060 45,503,330 26,062.690 18,446,010 18,433, 990 54, 532, 730 22, 125, 720 17,693,750 34 6,863,255 11,327,300 7,094, 162 7,432, 275 8,868,521 5, 084, 340 5, 180. 331 7,651,785 11,430,312 5, 243, 785 5,937,119 6,340,066 35 3,881,600 6,703,680 3,605,560 1,211,260 4. 449, 770 4,875,310 2, 773, 050 3, 157, 620 4, 399, 160 6,628,510 2,887, 190 3,510, 730 4,227,640 36 1,048, 146 2,007,525 859, 488 332, 342 1, 248, 337 i, 869, 364 1, 158, 653 903,643 1, 096, 747 2, 073, 574 969, 888 943, 155 1,038,401 37 587,090 1,226,070 493,540 253, 630 757,590 1,088, 120 609, 420 712, 650 718, 270 1,192,240 519, 750 494, 160 690, 330 38 5,041,516 6, 854, 366 4,401,443 2,929,456 1,434,053 4,351,734 6, 235, 255 3,783,964 3,344, 729 4,728,685 8, 348, 823 3,604,680 4,912,979 3,525, 215 39 3,311,626 1,919,514 895,055 2,959,994 2, 194,692 3, 122,025 3,555,698 5,079,327 2. 139,980 2,658,818 1,884, 163 40 78.7 82.4 65.6 77.9 78.0 86.0 85.6 81.4 66.3 85.2 85.4 75.1 72.5 41 11.3 9.9 22.4 11.4 12.6 7.3 7.3 10.2 19.1 7.7 7.8 12.5 16.0 42 1.7 1.7 2.7 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.6 43 8.3 6.0 9.3 8.7 7.4 5.1 5.4 .6.6 11.8 5.6 5-3 10.4 8.9 44 21,251 26,836 14,0.58 8, 743 21,325 30,627 ' 30,054 18, 766 13,982 32, 855 25, 761 11,823 11,175 45 19,121 24, 766 12, 374 7,805 19, 306 28,585 27, 923 17, 196 11,945 30,539 24,012 10, 364 9,891 46 112.69 142. 92 82.66 63.56 103. 92 161. 76 156. 49 116. 89 71.86 171. 85 161.29 69.74 70.53 47 54.01 64. 71 53. 18 26.31 52.05 70.06 68.40 51.50 49.9s 73.93 62.84 33.66 45.0a 48 2, 806 4,187 2, 190 1,851 2,722 3,920 2,279 2, 680 2,808 4,438 2,584 3,950 3,494 49 4,907,885 6,635,026 2, 818, 919 1,348,078 4,197,503 6,005,933 3, 647,004 3, 218, 358 4,573,642 8, 130, 493 3,470,705 4,683,211 3,324,981 50 40, 132 45,219 40,786 7,824 48,490 29, 449 16, 750 30, 507 77, 977 40, 474 18, 768 38, 064 31,105 51 11,545 18,557 28, 039 4, 161 19, 194 14, 206 7,548 9,580 50, 726 16,912 8, 370 15,901 18,841 52 6,762 6, 529 2,974 726 7,622 3,537 2, 104 3,833 6, 447 4,438 2,108 3,339 1,917 53 5,181 6,117 3,760 930 6,207 4, 106 2,205 4, 151 9,594 5,299 . 2,640 4,898 4,296 54 5,308 6, 571 4,547 1,092 6,627 4,383 2,893 3,918 8,199 5,499 2,824 4,579 3,883 55 4,975 3,699 677 513 4,331 2,016 1,218 3,6.32 1,654 2,714 1,607 3,554 1,059 56 6,361 3,746 789 402 4,509 1,201 782 5,393 1,357 5,612 1,219 5, 793 1,109 57 1, 248, 713 1,310,519 1,405,324 218, 348 1, 299, 373 876, 439 565,794 924, 480 2,593,515 1, 448, 105 577, 201 1,214,377 921, 767 58 21,543 30, 569 10,370 8,051 22, 103 34, 202 19,071 13, 143 15,361 40, 208 18, 476 24,529 15, 621 59 18, 544 32, 016 9,481 7,113 19, 159 29, 708 16, 830 10, 133 13, 847 35,007 16,259 21, 175 14,010 60 2,352 3,549 699 641 2,331 3,417 1, 667 2, 196 1,343 3,759 1,609 2,296 1,100 61 647 1,004 190 297 613 1,077 574 814 171 1,382 608 1,058 511 62 2, 520,545 4,620,023 1,197,746 809, 762 2, 379, 556 4,524, 166 2, 423, 145 1,. 390, 295 1, 620, 317 5, 380,554 2,148,711 2,333,972 1, 549, 510 63 894 685 95 1,422 369 1,257 1,687 1,123 89 2,344 2,358 2,934 4,354 64 785 630 90 1,296 322 1,172 1,516 941 84 2, 172 2,077 1,926 3,897 65 93 39 4 85 41 70 132 141 4 144 224 743 322 66 16 16 1 41 6 15 39 41 1 28 57 265 135 67 123, 705 92,007 13, 980 184, 192 44, 763 180, 685 246, 278 145,060 13,070 ■356,785 327, 446 324,005 566, 479 68 13 13 11 3 30 4 20 14 3 10 53 32 39 69 4,825 1,165 841 220 5,035 2,115 7,066 3,840 80 3,012 10, 257 8,000 4,830 70 109,678 57, 134 18,527 15,589 44,862 39, 387 45, 135 105,079 35,702 96, 302 43, 929 92,501 39, 198 71 58,239 34,685 10, 492 9,641 26,259 22, 191 24, 347 51,994 19, 627 52, 286 24,041 50, 283 42,218 25, 176 72 51,439 22,449 8,035 5,948 18,603 17, 196 20,788 53,085 16,075 44,016 19,888 14,022 254,342 73 950, 723 553, 399 164,110 100,085 423,831 380, 889 363, 998 725,579 314, 106 820,089 369, 784 621,677 74 11,459 12,013 7,853 8,064 8, 831 7,387 8, 157 6,427 6,828 22, 972 7,643 42, 266 7,090 75 7,086 7,306 5,343 4, 694 5,320 4,513 4,747 3,985 4,655 2, 173 15, 197 4,692 25,526 16,740 4,122 76 4,373 4,707 2,510 3,370 3,511 2,874 3,410 2, 442 7,775 2,951 2,9()8 77 59, 154 57,820 36,820 34, 267 44,811 41,545 40, 330 28, 702 32, 464 121,7^ 37,109 180,366 27,703 78 129 21 28 248 30 47 136 119 27 52 110 312 109 79 220 93 98 1.204 134 94 393 402 90 158 197 814 350 80 243, 217 380, 779 176, 200 151,565 261.203 403,624 249,067 225,888 246, 114 386,048 219,746 398, 002 384,559 81 127,331 211,3.34 108, 204 80, 890 148,316 222, 544 132, 262 119,972 150, 414 211,348 129,224 223, 615 193,789 82 1; 799 2,235 538 1,4.36 1,898 1,722 1,452 2,118 1,176 2,173 1,512 2,364 1,973 83 6,300 8,006 2,333 5,085 5,915 6,778 4,698 6,399 4,629 6,982 4,751 6, 153 6,445 1 ;( 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 02 63 64 65 66 «7 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 1.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERIY, [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics.) Population Population in 1900. Number of all farms Number of all farms in 1900 Color and nativity of farmers: Native white Korciffii-born white Ne(;ro and other nonwhite Number of farms, classified by size: U ruler 3 acres 3 to 9 acres 10 to 19 acres 20 1 0 49 acres 50 1 0 99 acres 100 to 174 acres 175 to 259 acres 260 to 499 acres 500 to 999 acres 1,000 acres and over LAND AND FARM AREA Approximate land area acres. Land in fanns acres. Land in farms in 1900 acres. Improved land in farms acres. Improved land in farms in 1900 acres. Woodland in farms acres. Other unimproved land in farms acres. Per cent of land area in farms Per cent of farm land improved Average acres per farm Average improved acres per farm VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property dollars. All farm property in 1900 dollars. Per cent increase, 1900-1910 Land dollars. Land in 1900 dollars. Buildings dollars. Buildings in 1900 dollars. Implements and machinery dollars. Implements, etc., in 1900 dollars. Domestic animals, poultry, and bees dollars. Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 dollars. Per cent of value of all property in— Land Buildings Implements and machinery Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Average values: All property per farm dollars. Land and buildings per farm dollars. Land per acre dollars. Land per acre in 1900 dollars. DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Dairy cows Other cows Yearling heifers Calves *. Yearling steers and bulls Other steers and bulls Value dollars. Horses: Total number Mature horses Y'earling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Mules: Total number Mature mules Yearling colts Spring colts Value dollars. Asses and burros: Number Value dollars. Swine : Total number Mature hogs Spring pigs Value dollars. Sheep: Total number Hams, ewes, and wethers Spring lambs Value dollars. Goats: Number Value dollars. POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds Value Number of colonies of bees Value dollars. .dollars. Marion. Marshall. Mason. Massac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Montgomery. 35,094 15,679 17,377 14,200 12,796 19,723 13,508 3.5,311 SO, US 16,370 17,491 13,110 14,336 20,945 13,847 30,836 3,435 1,337 1,648 1,275 1,123 2,038 1,487 3,223 S,S69 1,416 1,766 1,251 1,281 2,213 1,568 3,353 3,257 1,047 1,447 1,084 934 1,712 1,309 2,896 168 287 201 63 189 324 176 324 10 3 128 2 2 3 4 3 1 4 3 5 103 42 45 37 34 37 33 105 167 .39 43 71 40 37 31 96 802 67 96 268 91 157 75 388 1,080 155 185 380 201 438 263 718 818 498 524 349 319 699 689 1,123 300 301 397 109 241 394 306 509 148 211 331 49 158 238 86 260 11 20 25 10 31 30 4 19 2 1 2 1 4 5 364, 160 253, 440 3,55,200 153,600 202,880 345,600 248,960 440.960 335,624 232, 456 304, 226 129,. 341 192,910 ,326,311 208,790 426,;i98 S2S, 734 234,973 309, 182 126,990 191,761 330, 702 207,265 433,555 287,048 195,827 267, 261 94,575 176,9.38 271,415 155, 439 381,175 269, m 206,485 260, 145 85,087 173,060 258,074 154,066 377, 6U 45,324 28, 194 25,943 32,675 10,0.36 32,797 46,030 33,815 3,252 8,435 11,022 2,091 5,936 22,099 7,321 11,408 92.2 91.7 ,85.6 84.2 95. 1 94.4 8.3.9 96.7 85.5 84.2 87.9 73 1 91.7 83.2 74.4 89.4 97.7 173.9 184.6 101.4 171.8 160. 1 140.4 132.3 83.6 146.5 162. 2 74.2 157.6 133.2 104.5 118.3 18,548,141 34,664,600 33,646,092 5,836,898 28,. 395, 306 43,741,686 12,051,162 40,895,179 9,673,084 17,47B,2U 15,361,896 3,257,607 13,988,241 19 , 540,874 7,979,669 19 , 347,259 91.8 98.4 119.0 79.2 ■ 103.0 123.8 51.0 111.4 13,239,077 28,805,397 28,113,072 3,838,065 23,541,830 34,141,497 8,885,029 31,335,149 6,393,830 13,848,110 12,317, 100 2,138,080 10,767,580 13,722,830 5,755,110 14,207,880 2, ,558, 926 2,961,135 2,828,115 1,031,380 2,510,892 4,570,975 1,848,325 4,690,537 1,686,880 1,793,U0 1,581,950 570,580 1,422,050 2 , 470,640 1,267,890 2,679,870 388, 238 549, 233 705,791 182, 223 364, 288 633,995 , 315,917 844, 4.50 274, 190 319, 730 339,270 166,410 252,360 391,350 294 , 150 422,530 2,301,900 2,. 348, 835 1,999,114 785,230 1,978,296 4,395,219 1,001,891 4,025,043 1,318,184 1,513,969 1,123,576 382, 537 1,546,251 2,966,054 662,519 2,036,979 71.4 83.1 83.6 65.8 82.9 78.1 73.7 76. 6 13.8 8.5 8.4 17.7 8.8 10.4 15.3 11.5 2.1 1.6 2.1 3.1 1.3 1.4 2.6 2.1 12.7 6.8 5.9 13.5 7.0 10.0 8.3 9.8 5,400 25,927 20,416 4,578 25, 285 21,463 8,104 12,689 4,599 23,760 18,775 3,819 23, 199 18,995 7,218 11,178 39. 45 123. 92 92.41 29.67 122.04 104.63 42. 55 73. 49 19.45 58.93 39.84 16.84 56. 15 41. 60 27. 77 32. 77 3,314 1.325 1,611 1,225 1,113 2,008 1.467 3, 167 2,192,5tX) 2, 279,663 1,927,092 751,860 1,908,814 4,310,840 931,662 3,840,022 18,860 15.903 10,089 6,861 12,104 36, 727 6, 191 29,492 8,416 5,122 4,663 2, 453 3,547 8,215 3,842 12,869 2,298 3,356 1,343 1,210 1,401 5,761 422 3,093 2,633 1,950 1,517 1,008 1,253 4,124 778 4,111 2,370 2,184 1.473 785 1,575 4,634 828 4,370 1,802 1.435 826 903 1,278 4,711 204 2,276 1,341 1,8.56 267 490 3,050 9. 282 117 2,773 492, 394 466, 856 294,832 148,569 466, 308 1,252,451 131,719 876,199 13,206 11.570 10,257 3,131 9,043 10, 265 4,201 19,635 11,530 10, 186 8,975 2.732 7,741 14,009 3,781 16,716 1,277 1,100 878 204 893 1,838 298 2,027 399 284 404 135 409 418 122 892 1,231,697 1,405,549 1,202,258 336,935 983, 262 1,934,614 395,675 2,028,957 2, 407 302 1,694 1,740 935 943 2,0,52 3,375 1,6.50 294 1,599 1,407 777 817 2,566 2, .560 570 3 76 197 121 108 62 579 187 5 19 13G 37 18 24 230 233,479 46, 450 240,015 184, 728 123,820 129,526 323,846 418,808 113 2 10 33 15 3 2 46 15, 706 610 1,700 9, 605 3,200 70 630 7,440 21,393 33,751 22,177 10,781 40. 839 116,884 14,488 60, 1.30 13,065 17, 197 13, 630 6,617 20, 204 58,538 10,011 33,749 8,. 328 16,554 8.547 4.164 20,635 ,58,346 4,477 26, .381 147,991 276,583 182,013 63,6.59 305, 091 938, 109 72,997 423,665 17,191 5,619 1,660 1,890 5,778 12,556 2,115 20,309 10, 108 3,. 387 1,046 1,122 3,707 7,704 1,215 12,029 7,083 2,232 514 768 2,071 4,852 900 8, 2.80 71,172 23, 182 6,219 8,190 26, 665 54,864 6, 764 84,486 51 178 14 72 147 337 9 195 121 433 55 174 462 1 , 206 31 467 292,811 135, 271 135,891 61,265 122,216 1,50,000 172,053 347,674 161 , 539 66,823 69,506 32, 182 tiO, 709 79, 5(i9 69, .582 179,036 2,529 815 8.54 568 911 1.955 257 1,954 7,801 2, 349 2,510 1,188 2,773 4,810 647 .5,985 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 STATISTICS OV AGRICULTURE 07 3 COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Contiiuied. [Comparative data for Juno 1, 1900, in italics.] Morgan. Moultrie. Ogle. Peoria. Perry. Piatt. i’ike. Pope. Pulaski. I’utnam. Randolph. Richland. Rock I.sland. 34,420 S6,000 11,630 27,864 100. 255 22.088 16,376 28, 622 11,215 15,650 7,561 29, 120 15,970 70,4(M 15,224 29, 129 88,608 19,830 17,706 31,696 13,585 14,554 1746 28,001 16,391 55,249 2,667 1,613 2,9<'>2 2,717 2,019 1,510 .3,544 1,825 1,300 5.37 2,535 2,191 1,909 i,666 1,69S 3,093 2,813 1,962 1,740 3,996 1,977 1,227 567 2,458 2, 187 2,058 2,410 1,578 2,295 2,302 1,748 1,428 3,400 1,742 855 375 2, 139 2,098 1,393 2,'>3 35 006 412 259 82 130 28 55 162 358 93 516 4 1 3 12 14 55 450 38 3 7 1 6 20 1 4 5 3 3 9 113 45 107 144 44 57 139 27 84 11 93 88 104 132 55 78 151 55 41 138 64 100 13 76 91 89 373 221 169 256 312 79 538 335 401 31 24.3 439 264 582 406 476 573 610 242 794 534 328 90 570 689 447 798 503 1,099 911 G53 508 1,046 545 201 182 1,002 587 564 403 257 654 414 225 337 502 195 70 121 391 189 243 216 115 353 228 109 208 329 106 47 76 147 97 174 38 8 20 19 7 24 49 18 6 12 9 8 14 2 1 3 10 4 1 1 1 1 368, 640 216,320 483,840 407,040 288,640 288,640 503, 040 246, 400 121,600 110,720 375,680 228, 480 271,360 352,946 207, 249 462,010 353, 200 234,915 274,937 476,810 211,484 101,;172 92, 596 323,237 217, 2,58 237,936 S!,6,851t 203,946 467, 723 357,091 226, 381 272,027 491,818 204,920 89, 129 95,405 315, 857 216,634 247,766 315,461 195, 180 399,085 283,756 188, 305 267, 354 385,253 139,947 77,311 57, m 248, 154 194,814 184,800 st5,m 188,968 399, 176 280,996 171,916 262, 714 5,903 387,999 131,786 64,825 73,967 240,660 187,839 186,755 25,441 10,. 3.30 34, 154 52, 0:50 44,923 66.527 62,855 23, 116 18,485 62,699 21,781 25,014 12,044 1,739 28,771 16,820 1,687 1,680 25,030 8,682 945 6, 224 12,384 663 28, 122 95.7 95.8 95.5 86.8 81.4 95.3 94.8 85.8 83.4 83.6 86.0 95.1 87.7 89.4 94.2 86.4 80.3 80.2 97.2 80.8 66.2 76.3 73.3 76.8 89.7 77.7 132.3 128.5 156. 0 1,30. 0 116.4 182.1 134.5 115.9 74.5 172.4 127.5 99.2 124.6 118.3 121.0 134.7 lo t. 4 93.3 177.1 108.7 76.7 50.8 126.4 97.9 88,9 96.8 54,630, 174 2i,U9,iW 37,534.9.39 55,905,993 48,&30,949 10,471,824 54,602,882 39,135,794 5, 227, 495 3,054,161 6,115,219 12, 080. .595 17,082,238 13,161,397 28.296,437 14,043.694 32,065,684 25, 447, 701 5,671,481 21,780,416 19,580,313 2,957,706 6,390,631 10,745,932 7,617,770 14,780,475 123.4 167.3 74.3 91.9 84.6 150.7 99.9 71.2 106.8 89.0 59.0 75.1 91.4 43,865,648 32, 114, 171 42,022,805 38,029,608 7,193,913 47,372.391 29, 304, 031 3,113,415 4,038,871 9, 693, 617 11,672,200 9,309,303 20,931,081 18,268,840 11,185,790 23,617,050 19, 177,020 3,892,870 17,469,810 13,951,400 1,811,350 1,994,370 5,038,800 7,288,450 5,083,430 10,401,910 5,354,822 2,045,400 7,872,040 6, 122,725 1,653,013 3,530, 140 4, 551, 128 926,755 1,072,345 1, 247, 560 3,005,248 1,859,035 4, 130, 125 S. 019, 970 1,326,160 4,414,780 3,302,920 900, 260 2,089,450 2, 730,530 648, 130 490, 100 651,130 1,986,550 1,250,830 2,192,370 1,220,785 563, 450 1,205,336 1,044,778 310,044 734,569 750, 471 168,755 206, 571 216, 294 559,245 339,319 580,968 401,680 255,920 684,560 667,060 217,820 459, 750 437, 170 138, 750 122,240 87,900 425,660 248,610 333, 740 4,188,919 2,211,918 4,805,812 3,633,778 1,314,854 2,965,782 4, 530, 164 1,018,570 797,432 923, 124 1, 845, 545 1,653,740 2, 654, 263 2,758,920 1,275,824 3,349,294 2,400,701 660,531 1,761,405 2,461,213 555,931 350,996 612,801 1,045,272 934,900 1,852,455 80.3 85.6 75.2 77.9 68.7 86.8 74.9 59.6 66.0 80.2 08.3 70.7 74.0 9.8 7.0 14.1 12.5 15.8 6.5 11.6 17.7 17.5 10.3 17.6 14.1 14.6 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.1 3.0 1.3 1.9 3.2 3.4 1.8 3.3 2.6 2.1 7.7 5.9 8.6 7.4 12.6 5.4 11.6 19.5 13.0 7.6 10.8 12.6 9.4 20,484 23,270 18,874 17, 972 5, 187 36, 161 11,043 2,864 4,496 22, 496 6,739 6,007 14,823 18,455 21,550 16,845 16,250 4,382 33,710 9,553 2,214 3,758 20, 375 5,790 5,097 13,128 124. 28 154.95 90,96 107. 67 30. 62 172. 30 61.46 14.72 39. 84 104. 69 36.11 42. 85 87.97 62.67 54.85 60. 49 53.70 17.20 64.22 28.37 8.84 22.38 52.81 23.08 23,47 41.98 2,627 1,552 2,938 2,668 1,991 1,489 3,453 1,763 975,921 1,288 527 2,486 2,126 1,870 2,561,658 4,047,032 2,128,356 4,647,898 3,509,213 1,228,880 2,884,175 4,358,660 768,423 896, 159 1,727,181 1,536,024 30, 109 9,000 57,736 28,555 10,600 12,005 36,485 7,288 5,217 7,738 14,538 15,359 30,056 7,768 3,900 19, 143 12,617 5,646 652 4,593 9,222 3,112 2,559 2,407 7,351 6,781 11,887 3,082 1,170 8,339 4,313 1,219 7,601 698 599 1,697 1,490 1,530 3,813 2,768 1,250 8,394 3,787 1,574 1,652 4,054 1,087 728 1,037 2,249 2,006 4,099 3,119 1,452 7,961 3,595 1,755 1,669 3,801 771 720 1,081 2,140 2,844 4,521 2,4.35 638 6,653 2,396 689 1,057 4,280 1,156 373 740 834 1,052 2.896 10,937 590 7,246 1,847 284 1,815 7,527 1,183, 166 464 238 776 474 1,146 2,840 1,150,018 308,867 1,470,660 887,756 255, 169 403,675 163,380 136, 208 225,866 312,914 396, 230 794,360 10,870 11,925 22,387 17,538 7,686 14,034 18,983 4,629 3,028 4,269 10,136 8,615 11,331 14,953 10,116 19,501 1.5,263 6,615 11,958 16, 230 4,002 2,0.32 3,663 8,741 7,520 9,892 1,423 1,225 2,403 1,746 713 1,389 1,770 437 270 449 887 793 1,177 489 584 483 529 358 687 983 *190 126 1.57 508 302 262 1,779,323 1,498,674 2,376,987 2,069,490 722,246 1,889,606 1,974,813 455,012 337,431 510,945 955, 235 880,425 1,230,623 2,347 964 202 491 1,325 1,.394 2,498 2,347 1,778 132 2,584 701 300 2,034 821 185 446 1,001 1,325 1,882 1,784 1,020 111 2,100 474 255 220 116 13 39 189 53 438 361 97 17 320 162 37 93 27 4 6 135 16 178 202 61 4 164 65 8 328,984 136,292 27,000 61,211 141,313 224,527 299, 178 255,075 215, 191 17,165 289, 390 72, 328 38,054 12 16 4 43 22 35 100 17 4 36 34 7 5,450 90,548 2,700 19,742 1,255 9,325 13,319 3,337 33,753 9,755 104,952 13,385 11,244 2,906 10,948 640 6,045 22,703 7,500 20, 188 1,330 59,525 78,338 60,694 13,958 49,638 11,182 41,443 26,916 8,018 20,795 59,114 7,300 6,793 7,571 14,107 12,727 30,869 40,910 8,560 36,895 33,778 5,301 12,958 45,838 3,944 4,155 6,387 8,596 7,461 141,095 28,656 710,033 154,886 676,888 446,948 88, 148 302,924 722,058 67,075 71,592 126, 152 134,779 463,961 17,373 5,202 18,744 8,787 3,338 10,415 39,344 5,559 1,121 1,882 6,897 8,891 8,027 10,607 3,100 11,142 5,377 1,891 8,659 23,271 3,249 697 1,185 4,035 5,407 4,662 6,706 2,096 7,602 3,410 1,447 1,756 16,073 2,310 424 697 2,862 3,484 3,365 72,615 26,748 95,053 43,454 12,646 60,004 168,036 21,808 4, 975 9,361 28,674 38,263 33,203 262 41 22 92 19 48 362 62 52 3 50 59 34 609 189 55 354 33 102 1,654 186 120 30 144 183 127 264,277 133,441 274,304 227,917 152,999 125,066 316, 166 89, 557 52,335 46,302 203,069 174,161 170,001 137,529 79,730 152,910 121,193 80,607 78,883 163,648 41,854 27,629 23,963 115,775 114,501 86,712 1,723 956 1,633 1,004 1,720 738 3,564 440 504 910 1,110 1,479 1,799 4,358 3,832 5,004 3,372 5,367 2,724 7,856 795 1,380 3,002 2,589 3,215 5,893 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1(1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 40 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 60 57 58 59 GO (11 62 63 64 65 (16 G7 68 G9 70 71 72 73 74 75 70 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY, [Comparative data lor June 1, 1900, in italics.) St. Clair. Saline. Sangamon. Schuyler. Scott. Shelby. Stark. Stephenson. Population 119,870 30,204 91.024 14,8.52 10,067 31,693 10,098 36,821 J’opulation in 1900 80,086 21,685 71,693 16, 129 10, m 32, 126 10, 186 34,933 Number of all farms 3,145 2, 512 3,579 1,979 1,096 4,083 1,107 2, 913 Number of all farms in WOO 3,282 2,934 3,907 2, 162 1,131 4,264 1,164 2,901 Color and nativity of farmers: Native white 2,082 2,41G 3, 179 1,948 996 3,891 991 2,344 Foreign-born white 412 26 362 31 100 190 116 '569 Negro and other non white 51 70 38 2 Number of farms, classified by size: 13 10 3 3 4 5 3 to 9 aere.s 120 72 204 57 32 1.30 32 118 10 to 19 acre.s 123 134 195 79 35 163 32 112 20 to 49 acres 312 751 423 Ttf! 138 595 68 264 50 to 99 acres 771 786 653 451 259 1,206 165 783 100 to 174 acres 1,283 544 992 614 368 1,209 429 1,102 414 i41 603 327 161 494 2G0 to 499 acrc'.s 102 •’6 429 158 86 210 137 114 500 to 999 acres () 8 59 9 11 12 8 6 1,000 acres and over 1 5 2 6 1 LAND AND FARM AREA Approximate land area acres. . 424, 320 255,360 560, 640 276, 480 159,360 494, 080 185,600 357, 760 Land in farms 3G4, 523 213,831 520, 999 259, 105 150,586 461,878 175,719 344,921 Land in farms in WOO ...acres.. 369, 108 219,361 614,266 262,884 144, 772 465,341 181,876 S4S, 799 Improved land in farms acres. . 309, 541 183,740 489, 591 176,507 122,103 425, 183 160, 649 306, 882 Improved land in farms in WOO . . .acres. . SIS, 61/9 178.724 478, 809 181.866 117,882 407. 781 165,993 305,913 Woodland in farms ...acres.. 43,001 20,210 22,809 47,017 20,035 28, 707 8,413 21,110 Other unimproved land in farms 11,981 3,875 8,599 35,641 8,388 7,988 6,657 16, 929 Per cent of land area in farms 85.9 83.7 92.9 93.7 94.5 93.5 94.7 96.4 Per cent of farm land Improved 84.9 8.5.9 94.0 68.1 81.1 92.1 91.4 89.0 Average acres per fann 115.9 85.1 145.6 131.0 137.4 113.1 158.7 118 4 Average improved acres per farm 98.4 73.1 136.8 89.2 111.5 104.1 145.1 105.3 VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY All farm property . .dollars. . 38,262,763 11,918,384 85,743,114 24,059,822 16,138,842 51,217.216 27,082,397 40,298,733 All farm properly in WOO . .dollars. . 23,639,718 6,773,227 39,773,334 12,807,683 S, 167,227 23,238,426 13,334, 196 26,444,714 Per cent increase, 1900-1910 62.5 106.4 115.6 87.9 97.8 120.4 103.1 58.4 Land . .dollars. . 29, 732, 797 8,528, 511 72, 053, 228 18,136.897 12, 530, 195 40,749,002 21,631,668 28,019,530 Land in WOO . .dollars. . 18,098,330 3,819,950 31,376,790 9,244,620 6,089,640 17,478,990 10,212,930 17,965,000 Buildings . .dollars. . 5, 120, 135 1.627,470 7,318,616 2,957,615 1,806,892 5,287,501 2,810,475 7,270,337 Buildings in WOO . .dollars. . 3,323,390 900,280 4.145,670 1,660, 610 1,059,210 2,630,880 1,619,990 4, 148, 860 Implements and machinery . .dollars. . 865,386 250, 004 1,039,486 538, 457 272, 123 8(i6, 457 421,336 1,032,443 Implements, etc., in WOO ..dollars.. 571,680 217,090 608,360 296, 190 161,330 604,410 247,430 647,610 Domestic animals, poultry, and bees . . dollars . . 2, 544, 445 1,. 512, 399 5,331,784 1 2, 426, 853 1,409,632 4,314,250 2,218,918 3,976,423 Domestic animals, etc., in 1900 ■ dollars. . 1,546,418 835,927 3,642,614 1,607,463 857,047 2,624, 146 1,263,846 2,683,364 Per cent of value of all property in— Land 77.7 71.6 84.0 75. 4 77. 6 79.6 79.9 69.5 Buildings 13.4 13.7 8.5 12.3 11.6 10.3 10.4 18.0 Implements and machinery 2.3 • 2.1 1.2 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.0 2.6 Dorae.stic animals, poultry, and bees 6.6 12.7 6.2 10.1 9.1 8.4 8.2 9.9 Average values: All property per farm ..dollars.. 12,166 4.745 23, 957 12, 158 14,725 12,544 24, 465 13,834 Land and buildings per farm . .dollars. . 11,082 4,043 22,177 10,659 13.136 11,275 22,080 12,115 Land per acre ..dollars.. 81.57 39.88 138. 30 69.98 83.21 88.22 123.10 81.23 Land per acre in WOO . .dollars. . 49.03 17.41 61.01 35. 17 42.06 37.56 66. 15 61.61 DOMESTIC ANIMALS (farms and ranges) Farms reporting domestic animals 3,114 2,396 3,499 1,901 1,075 3,997 1,100 2,845 Value of domestic animals . .dollars. . 2,385,698 1,431,896 5,148,568 2,339,830 1,406,844 4,121,928 2, 168,348 3,799,261 Cattle: Total number 17,198 9.412 32,645 18,004 9,982 29,099 14,426 54,232 Dairy cows 10,592 4,144 12,290 5,892 3,061 11,558 3,047 25,901 Other cows 1,121 1.094 3,032 2,446 1.174 2,794 3,470 4,549 Yearling heifers 2,191 1.523 3,731 2,597 1,1.59 3,616 1,876 7, .341 Calves 2.270 1,224 4,369 2,405 1,141 4,101 2,068 ■ 8,345 Yearling steers and bulls 4.86 919 3,611 2,065 1,129 3,041 1,960 4, 108 Other steers and bulls 538 508 5,612 2,. 599 2,318 3,989 1,405 3,988 Value . .dollars. . 420, 192 250,991 1,152,118 531,009 297,092 890,881 449, 4(!2 1,444,836 Horses: Total number 11,713 7,301 26,099 11,094 6,518 22,91)8 9,849 16,117 Mature horses 10,712 6,284 22,604 9,494 5,807 19,631 8,484 14,513 Yearling colts 664 055 2,369 1,135 495 2, ,306 1,0,55 1,416 Spring colts . ,337 362 1,126 465 2!6 1,031 310 188 Value . .dollars. . 1,144.235 705, 180 2,645,530 1,187, .508 682,793 2,353,715 1,267,255 1,652,974 Mules: Total number 4,911 3,090 3,612 963 864 2,098 312 118 Mature mules 4,. 547 2,256 2,878 745 737 1,580 287 110 Yearling colts 255 584 534 1.82 91 370 23 7 Spring colts 109 250 200 36 36 142 2 1 Value . .dollars. . 634,834 332.649 463,763 128,434 112,528 246,986 43,400 13,331 Asses and burros: Number 30 55 70 18 () 90 1 1 V alue 5,480 12,455 12,200 3,760 720 11,873 10 200 Swine: Total number 29,440 19,211 105,064 60,220 40,785 68, 706 38,945 85,591 Mature hogs 18,995 12,487 56,818 ,34,821 20, 760 39,552 20, 5.55 44,412 Spring pigs 10,445 0, 724 48,240 25,, 399 20,025 29, 154 18,390 41,179 Value . .dollars. . 171,753 115,296 782,498 ' 454,172 293, 151 508,810 351,378 587, 748 Total number 2,342 3,949 21,941 7,332 4,800 25,816 12,788 21,621 Rams, ewes, and wethers 1,3,55 2,208 13.. 595 4, 104 2,960 15,951 7, 470 13,125 Spring lambs 9.37 l,(i81 8,346 2,928 1,840 9, 865 5,312 8,49(1 Value . .dollars. . 9,126 15,088 91,221 .33,971 20,520 107,488 56,045 100, 107 Goats: Number 40 110 316 110 21 464 57 23 Value . .dollars. . 78 237 1,238 382 34 2,175 198 65 POULTRY AND BEES Number of poultry of all kinds 326,549 124,098 319,806 1.59,895 115,212 348,875 97,013 3(K),I34 Value .dollars. . 154,961 74,943 175,831 82,213 01,171 185,870 48,804 168,110 Number of colonies of bees 1,.52G 2,001 2,168 1 , 468 632 2,078 549 2,412 Value . .dollars. . 3,780 5,560 7,385 4,084 1,617 6,4.52 1,766 9,052 > Includes 3720 lor “ all other animats,” as lollows: Elk, 3300; deer, $420. 1 2 3 i 5 f> 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 H 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 STATISTICS OV AGRICULTURIC 075 COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Com imicd. [Comparatlvo (lata for Juno 1, 1900, in Italics.] Tazewell. Union. Vermilion, Wabasli. Warren. Washing- tun. Wayne. White. Whiteside, Wili. William- son. Winne- bago. Woodford. 34, 027 . 21,856 77,996 14,913 23, 313 18,759 25, 697 23,052 34,507 84, 371 45,098 63, 153 20, 506 ss,siet 22,610 66,635 12,583 23, m 19,626 27,626 25, 386 34,710 74,764 27, 796 47, 845 21,822 2, 525 2, ;!09 3,801 1,118 2,021 2,521 4,285 2,592 2,898 3,588 2,781 2, 241 2,082 B,840 2,162 4,138 1,139 2, 167 2,496 4,061 2,912 2,836 3,584 3, 146 2,245 2,176 2,076 2,254 3,548 1,077 1,797 1,877 4,229 2, 538 2,090 2,530 2,719 1,653 1,683 447 52 247 30 220 629 55 36 807 1, 046 48 586 395 2 3 6 5 4 15 1 18 1 12 14 2 4 10 1 17 1 5 1 2 13 8 4 16 5 102 170 231 41 83 73 96 51 ■ 152 152 89 130 83 94 135 227 32 72 76 184 119 107 159 137 135 65 182 526 444 180 128 213 1,045 548 217 214 760 169 113 425 649 722 333 353 539 1,420 725 541 701 977 405 370 909 516 1,068 347 654 982 1,041 688 1,028 1,424 605 760 798 532 177 629 133 421 479 316 302 52() 645 144 410 442 254 113 404 44 281 145 151 138 291 268 62 182 184 15 18 51 7 26 9 23 17 23 16 3 22 • 21 2 4 8 1 2 2 2 1 1 414, 080 257, 920 589, 440 140, 800 349, 440 359,040 469, 120 324, 480 434, 560 540, 160 287, 360 338, 560 3.37,920 374,528 227, 405 634, 385 124,079 326, 653 329, 135 408, 512 285,027 416, 465 498,651 227, 642 303, 080 316, 064 384, US . 193,933 575, 182 128,629 331.845 327,200 371,584 286, 813 425,231 502,331 247, 117 315, 761 318,677 328, 563 152,218 500, 365 110,871 282,715 272,011 355, 337 262, 627 365,211 444, 611 192, 223 ■ 262, 128 278, 248 324, 712 135,820 501,098 107,253 284, 236 258,835 308,381 253, 169 371,229 441,803 201,035 271,245 • 276, 140 31,224 65,311 30, 270 12, 529 25, 252 49,582 51,972 18,812 17,343 21), 45.3 29, 970 24, 411 29. .3i5 14, 741 9, 876 3,750 679 18,686 7,542 1,203 3, 588 33,911 27,587 5,449 16, 541 8, 501 90.4 88.2 90.7 88.1 93.5 91.7 87.1 87.8 95.8 92.3 79.2 89.5 93.5 87.7 66.9 93.6 89.4 86.5 82.6 87.0 92.1 87.7 89.2 84.4 86.5 87.4 148.3 98.5 140.6 111.0 161.6 130.6 95.3 110.0 14.3. 7 1.39. 0 81.9 135.2 151.8 130.1 65.9 131.6 99.2 139.9 107.9 82.9 101.3 126.0 123.9 09.1 117; 0 133.7 65,152,531 10, 440, 684 87,092,954 10,862,120 52, 135,736 16, 245, 414 20,954,467 20, 445, 316 50, 175, 923 67,538,743 10,594,473 34, 444, 174 57,535,274 31,966. 188 6,061,780 41,982,950 6,886,850 25,686,257 9,497,970 10,950,764 10,672,051 27,846,953 42,795,242 6,583.254 21,492,591 27, 148.667 103.8 72.2 107.5 84.5 103.0 71.0 91.4 91.6 80.2 57.8 60.9 60.3 111.9 54,010, 010 6, 777,082 74, 199, 266 8, 486, 206 42, 399, 171 11,195,917 14, 554, 714 15,801,246 37,888,347 51,897, 974 6,967,599 24,627, 929 48, 759, 324 25,651,620 4,214,190 33,597,900 4,247,060 19,283,610 6,580,620 7,297,440 7,873,990 19, 837, 530 33,525,720 4,307,630 15,123,440 21.451,200 6,058,970 2,050, 546 954,340 6,812,900 1,239,570 934.090 4, 436, 372 2,649,940 2,605,900 2,948,847 2,248,280 6, 762, 730 9, 222, 419 1,797,580 5,775,493 4,658, 990 3,477,450 4,025,500 1,566,450 1.684,740 1,259, 150 3,939,240 5, 327, 990 1,085,750 3,653,910 3, 240, 760 999,112 306, 105 1,155,818 216, 182 791, 202 440, 180 522,210 510,984 410,046 1,014,565 1,628,357 257, 834 904, 015 825,508 674, 580 226,680 868,930 164, 120 308, 140 304, 200 344, 460 673, 720 911,690 277, 320 505, 250 515.340 4,084,439 1, 306, 951 24,924,970 920, 162 4,508,991 1,921,. 387 2,939,922 1,985,744 4,507,281 4,789,993 1,571,400 3, 136, 737 3,291,452 2,262,738 667,670 3,490,620 6Jfi,680 3, 312,627- 1,042,860 1,664,384 1,194,451 3,398,463 3,029,842 912, 554 2,209,991 1,941,367 82.9 64.9 85.2 78.1 81.3 68.9 69.5 77.3 75.5 76.8 65.8 71.5 84.7 9.3 19.6 7.8 11.4 8.5 16.0 14.1 11.0 13.5 13.7 17.0 16.8 8.1 1.5 2.9 1.3 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.6 1.4 6.3 12.5 5.7 8.5 8.6 11.8 14.0 9.7 9.0 7.1 14.8 9.1 5.7 25,803 4,522 22,913 9,716 25,797 6,444 4,890 7,888 17,313 18, 824 3,810 15,370 27,635 23, 790 3,823 21.313 8,699 23, 174 5,475 4,085 6,964 15,408 17,035 3. 152 13. 567 25,657 144. 21 29.80 138. 85 68. 39 129. 80 34.02 35.63 55.44 90.98 104. 08 30.61 81.26 154. 27 66.78 21.73 68.41 33.02 68.11 20.11 19.64 27.45 46.65 66.74 17.43 47. 90 67.31 2,489 2, 170 3,718 4,755,878 1,092 1,991 2.484 4 , 162 2,519 2,843 3,534 2,731 2,169 2,054 3,963,706 1,253,503 870,786 4, 416, 427 1,797,796 2, 741,891 1,883,078 4,364,697 4,589,080 1,495,501 3,038,582 3,186,956 22,025 7,724 25,598 6,605 29,493 17, 196 24, 782 10,949 57, 663 39,579 11,431 40, 785 20,196 10, 115 3,553 11,496 2,779 7,262 9,079 9,305 4,572 23,056 22,862 5,025 19,084 8,039 2,785 759 2,072 1,230 3,020 2,420 2,737 1,566 6,865 3,360 1,324 4,807 3,327 3,058 1,267 3,325 952 2,829 2,130 2,395 3,006 1,568 7,573 4,07S 1,893 5, 431 2,668 3,158 981 3,993 865 3,199 2,853 1,456 8,975 5,914 1,598 5,282 2,757 1,487 773 2,351 570 2,739 690 2,572 1,106 5,647 1,249 1,051 3, 443 1,862 1,422 391 2,361 209 10,444 482 4,309 681 5,547 2,119 540 2, 738 1,543 690,931 185,812 863,557 176,543 1,187,750 393,921 638,871 284, 650 1,433,553 1,184, 475 283,629 1,135,595 588,091 20,303 5,344 26,021 4,404 18, 258 10,240 15,303 9,400 20, 004 24,321 7,021 12, 989 16, 867 17,187 4,731 22, 549 3,922 15, 691 8,843 13,483 8,299 17,671 21,298 G,0G4 11,751 14,370 2,292 414 2,378 339 2,019 922 1,436 726 1,883 2,326 657 1,121 1,953 824 199 1,094 143 548 475 384 381 450 697 300 117 544 2, 717,902 560,264 3,003,021 450,854 2,134,846 988,696 1,486,405 961, 947 2,141,688 2, 994, 642 704, 651 1,368,314 2, 199,861 1,079 2,821 2,038 852 1,134 2, 621 2,768 2, 965 470 266 3,281 130 403 1,016 2, 4(i3 1,787 752 997 2,018 1,988 2,594 421 237 2,489 106 365 48 257 201 65 116 427 631 247 41 25 556 22 29 15 101 50 35 21 176 149 124 8 4 236 2 9 149, 979 350,087 286, 337 103,022 158, 477 287, 871 277, 450 371,899 56, 710 31,815 378, 399 14, 480 53, 748 25 76 31 41 21 58 118 27 5 7 70 13 17 2,655 17,210 4,615 7,445 6,400 13, 930 20, 795 7,025 2,550 1,100 11,250 887 5,090 43,211 18,348 63,377 18,519 103, 695 19,215 29,895 32, 240 84, .509 34, 444 16,976 50, 940 38,234 23, 386 19, 825 11, 902 35, 348 11,774 55,599 12, 228 17,516 20, 031 42, 4(i9 22, 879 10, 901 28, 725 21,000 6,446 28,029 6,745 48,096 6,987 12,379 12, 209 42, 040 11,565 6,075 22,215 17,234 361,820 124, 922 492, 506 119,031 896, 609 100, 715 206,361 201,555 678, 169 349,083 107, 668 442, 543 316,935 7,248 2,790 20, 638 3,392 6,279 3,676 26,591 14,065 10,276 4,674 2, 446 15,673 4,637 4,485 1,650 17, 307 2,056 4,068 2, 178 15,254 8, ,382 (i, 769 3,003 1,491 10, 623 2,788 2,763 1,140 3,331 1,336 2,211 1,498 11,337 5,683 3,507 1,671 955 5, 050 1,849 39, 694 14, 431 105, 462 13,817 31,372 12, 243 105, 757 55, 763 51,998 27, 850 9, 788 76, 653 23, 102 312 170 104 25 256 163 135 178 11 27 60 45 29 725 777 380 74 973 420 252 239 29 115 110 no 129 234,708 96, 443 271,298 88, 276 163, 948 268, 591 348, 488 167, 926 257. 058 327, 926 127, 801 171,479 198, 701 117,701 50, 867 1,022 101, 971 47, 681 88,671 119,471 189, 874 95,949 132,515 194, 150 69,506 92, 991 101,997 827 1,719 734 1,220 1,.349 3, 465 2,406 2,682 1,671 2,244 1,410 778 3,032 2,581 6,946 1,695 3,893 4,120 8,157 6,717 10, 009 6,763 6, 453 5,164 2,499 2 Includes deer, valued at $175. 076 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BA' TENURE; COLOR [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in Italics.] The State. Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. FARMS OPERATED BY OWNERS . 1 Number of farms 145,107 2,631 374 1,244 672 1,049 2 Number i>f farms in WOO 158,503 2,687 438 1,317 770 1,063 3 Per cent of all farms 57. 6 65. 2 5.3.6 63.5 50.8 69.2 ■1 Per cent of all [arms in WOO 00.0 63.6 50.7 69.0 58.3 68.2 5 Land in farms acres. 17,787,063 329,219 48, 2,56 142,340 80,003 128, .306 () Improved land in farms acres 15,033,192 252,591 26,592 125,167 68,681 92, 142 7 Value of land and buildings dollars.. 1,765,992,310 26,088,401 1,818,326 7,736,973 8,578,378 9,420,637 Degree of ownership; 8 Kanns consisting of owned land only 107,300 2,036 340 820 606 787 9 Farms consisting of owned and hired land 37,807 595 34 424 66 262 Color and nativity of owners: 10 Native white 123,907 2,306 306 1,138 462 998 11 Foreign-born white 20,411 317 8 90 210 51 12 Negro and other nonwliite 789 8 60 10 FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS 13 Number of farms 104,. 379 1.368 317 704 640 461 14 Number of farms in WOO 103,698 i,m 327 587 547 535 15 Per cent of all farms 41.4 33.9 45. 4 36.0 48.4 30.4 10 Per cent of all farms in WOO 39. S 35.4 4S.4 30.8 41.4 33. 3 17 Land in farms acres 14,177,411 160,555 32,513 79,490 91,116 53,048 18 Improved land in farms acres... . 12,586,664 131,941 22, 254 71,492 76,397 39,895 19 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 1,691,792, 227 13, 127,091 1,396,265 4,201,395 9,395,410 4,311,200 Form of tenancy: 20 Share tenants 43,551 706 132 311 287 265 21 Share-cash tenants 23,665 231 7 220 8 113 22 Cash tenants .*. 32,120 382 127 85 340 70 23 Tenure not specified 5,043 49 51 88 5 13 Color and nativity of tenants: 24 Native white 91,014 1,287 269 668 387 456 25 Foreign-born white 12,747 75 6 28 253 5 26 Negro and other non white 618 6 42 8 FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS 27 Number of farms 2,386 37 7 10 10 6 28 Number of farms in WOO 1,950 41 7 4 4 7 29 Land in farms acres 558,463 6,090 2,127 1,456 1,193 585 30 Improved land in farms acres 428,467 4,041 1,047 1,250 1,013 427 31 Value of land and buildings dollars.. 65,008,033 529,880 106,410 90,600 126,800 44,850 MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS > For all farms operated by owners: 32 Number free from mortgage debt 86,713 1,489 214 701 365 p .501 33 Number with mortgage debt 55,792 1,121 149 525 303 532 34 Number with no mortgage report 2, 602 21 11 18 4 16 For farms consisting of owned land only: 35 Number reporting debt and amount 36,938 790 131 304 262 360 36 Value of their land and buildings dollars. . 454,857,222 ^ 7,017,735 621,150 1,720,970 3,187,705 2,874,396 37 -Amount of mortgage debt dollars. . 115, 799,646' ' 1,927,492 107,448 407,392 1,154,492 74,5,050 38 Per cent of value of land and buildings 25.5 27.5 17.3 27.2 36.2 25.9 1 No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See c.xplanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products 1 Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products .number . . 969, 993 13,434 717 10,411 16,618 3,493 2 Dairy cows on farms reporting miik produced .number. . 849,951 12,885 673 9, 962 12,585 3,270 3 Milk — Produced .gallons.. . 320,240,399 3,756,264 246,279 3,997,756 7,088,946 796,934 4 Sold .gallons. . . 158,031,333 643,495 22,485 3,589,286 8,698, 499 5,272 5 2, 104,352 20, 533 320 24,537 1,882 6 4 ' 037^745 24 ; 790 46; 143 3 ; 444 7 Butter — Produced .poimds. . 46,609,992 807, 134 68,323 91,978 37, 178 197, 183 8 Sold . pounds . . 24,442,251 479,656 19,702 45,710 30,288 69,615 9 81,918 821 140 10 Sold 54^502 509 11 Value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream .dollars. . . 31,542,209 320, 108 19,891 394,222 949,388 42,913 12 Receipts from sale of dairy proilucts .dolhirs. . . 26, 720,849 245,528 9,536 382,952 947,807 17,558 Poultry Products 13 Poultry— Raised .number. . 30,630,613 .509,771 45,229 257, 106 129,4,50 182,622 14 Sold .number. . 12,096,388 199,094 16, 095 106,342 61,597 62,437 15 . dozens . . . 93,554,983 1,. 557, 274 108, 667 927, 790 455,747 524,605 16 Sold . dozens. . . 62,0.36,857 1,022,366 50, 356 729,332 299,252 356, 858 17 Value of poultry and eggs produced .dollars. . . 32,282,613 512,513 39, 427 291,845 155, 956 1.87,905 18 Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs .dollars. . . 18,080,352 284, 157 15,843 176,220 92, 957 104,276 Honey and Wax 19 Honey produced .pounds. . 1,428,640 21,925 3,463 5,725 • 5,910 13,744 20 Wax produced . pounds . . 26,240 361 77 68 170 260 21 Value of honey and wax produrad .dollars. . . 200,763 2,631 566 932 873 1,277 Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair 22 Wool, fleeces shorn .number. . 560,654 13,. 548 120 4,307 35,897 4,918 23 4, 117 507 25 24 Value of wool and mohair produced .dollars. . . 1,062,617 26,533 207 7,753 48,501 8,7!K) DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED 25 Calves— Sold or slaughtereii . number. . 491,669 5,357 304 6,9.30 13,074 647 26 Other cattle — Sold or slaughtered .number. . 1,068,301 16,287 442 •1, 109 5,638 7,601 27 lIoLses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold number. . 220,379 3,032 405 1,991 843 1, 121 28 Swine — Sold or slaughtered number. . 4,507,854 103,821 6,297 20,753 21,098 49, (XH) 29 Sheep and goats— Sold or slaughtered .number. . 542, 745 9, 152 126 3,017 4, 408 5,886 30 Receipts from sale of animals .dollars. . . 132,622,547 2, 4 10, .500 101,043 604,, 593 726,027 1,079,747 Value of animals slaughtered .dollars. . . 14,438, 127 192, 126 31,696 118,366 25,804 89, ,534 STATISTICS OF AORICULTURL:. AND NATIVITY 01-' FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. [Comparative data for June 1, lUOO, in Italics.] 077 Bureau. Cal lion n. Carroll. Cass. Champaittn. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Coles. Cook. Crawford. Cumber- land. 1 1,648 677 1,115 722 1,651 1,245 2,135 2,005 1,002 1,422 3,100 1,.551 1,615 2 1,777 7S6 1,188 792 2,242 1,440 2,378 2,077 1, 131 1,602 2,996 1,795 1,764 3 50.3 64.5 61.2 58.0 43.9 43. 1 70.7 71.5 50. 1 52.8 54.7 64.9 71.3 S5.S 69.4 64-1 55.3 51.9 45.9 69.6 74.6 56.4 58.5 51.4 69.4 71.0 5 260, 100 93, 192 150,642 119,943 253,611 171,780 214,. 373 194,584 146, 476 152, 176 200, 679 164,591 149, 026 6 216,696 50, 5:io 118,553 96,539 248, 192 163,817 174,565 171,. 302 126, 092 1:16,917 176, .392 144,892 1.34, 899 7 32, 700,325 4, 032, 537 12,892,991 13,061,050 49, 190,818 23,484,344 12,953, 869 8,666,110 7, 869, 133 21,494,925 38,711,298 11,315,672 10,011,378 8 1,286 514 968 567 1,127 840 1,532 1,347 6.34 1,085 2,651 995 1,002 9 362 163 147 155 524 405 603 658 308 337 449 556 013 10 1, 260 600 911 626 1,322 1,097 2,084 1,941 756 1,377 1,817 1,541 1,574 11 388 77 204 96 325 147 51 64 243 44 1,280 9 40 12 4 1 3 1 3 1 1 13 1,553 362 671 512 2,078 1,611 873 764 989 1,232 2,484 830 030 14 1,409 SS2 634 631 2,035 1,659 1,020 680 863 1,118 2,767 786 710 15 .47.4 34.5 36.8 41.2 55.3 55.8 28.9 27.2 49.5 45.7 43.9 34.7 27.8 IG 4S.8 SO.S 34- 2 u-t 47.2 52.9 29.9 24.6 43.1 40.8 47.5 SO. 4 28.6 17 257, 807 44,813 115,811 85, 428 347, 897 2-44, 487 8.5, 286 65. 223 1.31, .306 147,865 175, 287 70, 812 5.3, 555 18 232,024 26, 8:J3 98, 873 69, 924 341,662 237,970 72, .336 58,982 116,766 137, 573 146, 002 64, 212 49, 186 19 33,941,902 2, 130, 350 10, 800, 480 9,036,602 65, 584, 488 32,730,203 5,299,113 2,902, 714 7, 118, 274 22, 162,938 43, 815, 297 4,913,505 3, 600, 470 20 456 291 314 303 680 331 558 534 429 542 79 615 374 21 307 12 51 113 856 942 163 83 501 336 14 126 153 22 764 42 297 €2 503 330 101 72 49 323 1,787 66 56 23 26 17 9 4 39 8 51 75 10 31 604 23 47 24 1,216 347 599 479 1,901 1,524 868 757 845 1,219 1,035 826 623 25 337 15 71 33 175 80 4 5 136 13 1,441 4 7 26 1 2 7 1 2 8 8 27 75 10 36 10 28 33 12 36 8 41 79 9 19 28 98 S 30 9 39 38 18 21 10 19 64 4 10 29 16,548 4,093 6,361 1,636 6,920 6,253 ' 1,659 6,682 2,658 6,057 11,637 2,740 2,544 30 12,455 1,805 5,444 1,269 6, 754 5,596 1,338 6,067 1,698 5,717 8,698 2,649 2,104 31 1,905,415 155, 100 699,645 199,450 1,116, 780 841,000 113,090 300, 925 138, 350 910,700 3, 016, 492 284, 200 204,640 32 948 380 581 395 837 815 1,258 1,232 744 810 2, 182 1,216 895 33 653 294 528 308 762 403 838 743 247 555 714 319 701 34 47 3 6 19 52 27 39 30 11 57 204 16 19 35 469 202 448 210 444 238 515 407 127 381 558 167 366 36 8,823,231 11,956, 100 5, 123, 297 2, 846, 420 13, 325, 795 4, 173, 470 2, 584, 232 1,731,443 890, 120 5, 285, 972 6, 087, 665 1,093,087 2, ,351, 743 37 2, 409, 200 373,951 1,853,249 842,685 2,572,979 920, 295 571,946 382, 280 207,810 1, 107, 455 1, 750, 375 203, 378 549, 390 38 27.3 3.1 36.2 29.6 19.3 22.1 22.1 22.1 23.3 21.0 28.8 18.6 23.4 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909. 1 14,004 1,988 13,675 2,153 11,916 7,613 6,707 5,842 10, 948 5,867 29,847 4,705 4,691 2 11,461 1,960 10,815 1,948 11,577 6,895 6,647 5,226 10, 470 5,323 28,124 4,660 4,646 3 3,525,357 486, 221 3,355,952 537,308 4, 064,940 2, 024, 238 1,786,198 1,328,909 4,007,888 1,825,800 14,720,321 1,526,348 1,484,512 4 569,235 16,545 267,458 52, 448 403, 296 151,726 281,711 101,093 3,201,228 148, 403 12, 629, 847 113,757 135,555 5 41,390 12 58,306 1,837 43,340 2, 675 75 2,548 732 27,383 269 200 6 42, 022 814, 417 93, 04(5 72, 983 43, 219 12, 792 800 7 825,903 98, 477 189, 792 131,104 937, 860 558,594 431,091 357, 531 170, 784 519,081 568, 182 374, 257 352, 167 8 443,875 26,878 83,058 64,282 495, 724 316,001 189,911 105,820 94, 752 259, 225 261,0.33 160,212 134, 559 9 667 50 250 2,128 25 90 926 165 4,505 50 10 267 20 200 1^754 25 340 2,256 11 300,609 23,100 321,296 43,458 346, 616 167,473 127, 485 94,837 391,302 143,176 1,740,898 118,358 88,875 12 216,925 8,698 295, 694 28,560 249, 796 115,287 77, 770 45,994 373,029 85,053 1,660,806 66, 666 43,897 13 424, 796 125, 764 194,016 150, 521 557, 665 486,997 337, 242 315,379 311,539 414,441 380,088 312,877 284,872 14 185,023 43,302 95,750 54,617 215, 222 194, 794 130,380 135,915 112,114 170, 737 120,885 101,944 100,989 15 1,225,002 403, 708 642, 156 411,929 1,179,855 1,015,521 1,135,921 1,487,312 1,415,846 873, 570 1,542,778 907, 264 1,066,172 16 780, 839 283,216 416,854 260,996 633, 781 602, 271 837,960 1,157,396 1,146,669 545, 759 864, 491 610,467 849, 429 17 463,325 113,274 214, 265 128,059 495, ,540 431,703 371,356 436,462 361,532 361,910 531, 775 321,629 354, 533 18 255,249 62, 793 126, 708 69, 850 231,063 220,336 224,938 307, 145 241,981 188, 819 257,497 177,992 227,125 19 21,268 14,257 17,828 5,365 22,577 10,493 19,629 11,579 17,232 10,597 17,513 16,538 17,839 20 423 521 1,040 37 80 25 212 67 134 23 393 127 156 21 2,571 1,398 2,090 697 4,126 1,825 3,454 1,740 2,067 1,723 2, 478 2,957 2,751 22 8,288 2,423 6,440 472 5,891 4, 584 6,849 6,193 2,539 2,984 1,053 6,923 1,653 23 84 33 24 120 5 14 81 24 17,607 4,314 12, 452 1,014 11,798 10,112 13,015 11,484 4,679 5,434 1,767 12,294 3,289 25 4,527 754 5,631 1,127 3,662 2,369 1,834 2,124 6,853 1,381 25, 334 2,579 2, 164 26 27, 261 1,554 19, 1.56 8,035 9,987 13,490 7,206 9,491 2,556 9,623 6,985 7,941 4,860 27 2,581 410 1,882 1,011 4,018 4,335 2,143 , 1,815 930 2,949 1,072 1,423 1,849 28 85, 826 15,773 58,304 32, 586 42,807 79,905 38, 492 29, 735 17,755 58,527 22, 241 43,345 34,186 29 6,838 1,090 5,176 1,829 11,046 3,825 5,260 4,325 1,399 6,283 4,885 9,187 1,967 30 3, 152, 608 226, 501 1,973,176 1,027,983 1,573,316 2,288,161 871,290 842,389 312,387 1,530,811 585,345 944, 107 690,328 31 177,597 75, 252 93, 746 92,908 250, 486 213,608 150,355 131,277 174,583 156,413 247,927 144,548 119,290 75100°— 13- 14 678 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR AND [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics. ) Dekalb. Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage. Edgar. Edwards. Effingham. Fayette. FARMS OPERATED BY OWNERS 1 Number of farms 1,197 684 901 848 1,431 1,052 1,789 2,651 2 Number of farms in 1900 1,361 810 1,036 861 1,786 956 1,784 2,721 3 I’e.r ccmt of all farms 4H.2 41.3 49.0 5.3.0 54.9 79.3 75.0 65. 8 4 Per cent of all farms in 1900 62.8 47.9 61.1 49.9 67.6 78.4 73. 7 67. 1 S Land in farms acres 171,917 93,366 116,106 82,555 197,290 122,141 220, 464 285,043 (> Improved land in farms acres 161,177 83, 542 110,221 72, 6.38 178, 132 107,002 181,962 241 ; 447 7 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 23,193,745 14,986,579 21,7,38,519 10, 849, 900 27, 103, 108 6,911,411 11,576,418 14,721,701 Degree of ownership: 8 Fanns consisting of owned land only 1,0.35 488 024 809 976 560 1.247 1,503 9 Farms consisting of owned and hired land 162 196 277 .39 455 492 542 1,148 Color and nativity of owners: 10 Native white 842 639 834 569 1,401 979 1,544 2,463 11 Foreign-lx)m white 354 45 67 279 28 70 245 188 12 Negro and other nonwhite 1 2 3 FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS 13 Number of farms 1,265 949 9(K) 730 1,145 267 589 1,357 14 Number of farms in 1900 1,187 867 973 826 1,301 268 617 1,316 15 Per cent of all farms 51.0 57.3 48.9 45.7 43.9 20.1 24.7 33.7 30 Per cent of all farms in 1900 40.4 61. S 48.0 48.4 41.9 21.2 26.6 32.4 17 Land in farms acres 210,471 146,216 133, 380 91,999 177, 637 24,313 59, 478 128, 726 18 Improved land in fanns acres 198,518 135, 185 129,382 78,9,50 168, 397 22, 478 50,461 110,132 19 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 27, 859, 525 22,989,538 24,826,328 10,688,780 27,176,228 1,473,120 2,936,855 6,678, 427 Form of tenancy : 20 Share tenants 354 310 459 23 655 211 425 956 21 Share-cash tenants 96 243 227 4 327 21 47 228 22 Cash tenants 792 232 109 542 148 20 91 142 23 Tenure not specified 23 158 105 161 15 15 26 31 Color and nativity of tenants: 24 Native white 915 915 875 438 1,137 204 574 1,319 25 Foreign-bom white 349 33 25 291 7 3 15 38 20 Ne^o and other nonwhite 1 1 1 1 FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS 27 Number of farms 19 22 38 21 31 8 8 20 28 Number of farms in 1900 22 17 28 18 6 20 20 29 Land in farms acres 0,450 4,409 6,986 4,046 6,223 710 1,368 4,063 30 Improved land in farms acres 5,301 3,880 6,900 3,293 5,488 678 1,255 3,617 31 Value of land and buildings dollars.. 827,900 695, 100 1,386, .500 584,240 775, 485 46,600 102,370 250,180 MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS • For all farms operated by owners: 32 Number free from mortgage debt 670 417 485 587 790 612 1,119 1,434 33 Number with mortgage debt 511 248 397 214 574 431 646 1,188 34 Number with no mortgage report 16 19 19 47 67 9 24 29 For farms consisting of owned land only: 35 Number reporting debt and amount 437 159 237 184 350 179 421 548 36 Value of their land and buildings dollars. . 8,848,013 3,007,745 6,661,505 2,570,9.55 6, 029, 800 1,030.345 2,281,725 2,836,057 37 Amount of mortgage debt dollars. . 2,780, 468 756, 960 1,352,683 856,935 1,147,110 218,993 542, 599 717,113 38 Per cent of value of land and buildings 31.4 25.2 20.3 33.3 19.0 21.3 23.8 25.3 ’ No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products 1 Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products. number . . 1C, 697 4,481 4,388 19,997 6,348 3,265 10,203 11,096 2 Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced.. number . . 15,897 4,117 4,222 17,792 6,254 3,010 9,813 10,228 3 Milk — Produced gallons. . . 6,. 555, 223 1,346,261 1,518,487 10,126,939 2,031,287 800, 694 2,940,435 2,930,667 4 Sold .gallons. . . 4,970,443 83,506 .39,868 10,792,657 72,328 108, 196 1,644,942 926,202 5 Cream sold gallons . . . 120,513 24,419 3, 768 3,965 1,653 585 6,719 12,241 6 31, 120 26,538 5, 612 1,480 58,395 .50,563 35,358 7 Butter— Produced pounds. . . 309,040 347,402 445.914 57,098 510, 234 151,202 280,535 501,316 8 Sold pounds. . . 215,263 184,821 230,686 37, 1.58 248,947 61,032 120,808 199, 122 9 Chee^se — Produced (50 640 180 50 10 Sold 640 160 11 Value of dairy products, excluding home use ol milk and cream dollars . . . 702, .592 121,535 110,776 1,349,0.39 131,197 ,59,5.55 239, 120 212, 730 12 Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars . . . 680,009 86, 135 64, 094 1,345,021 73, .558 40,856 203,324 151,715 Poultry Products 13 Poultry— Raised .number. . 310,705 208, 467 283,170 149,823 las, 465 166,820 298,118 426,997 14 Sold .number. . 14-3,505 68,755 110,806 47,325 1.50,251 .59,2t)9 102,402 182,952 15 Eggs— Produced .dozens. . . 885,631 467,011 619, 2.36 .5.50,534 795, 235 709, 140 1,182,920 2,010,933 16 Sold .dozens. . . 562, 736 238,814 355,374 349,500 440,046 569, 186 916,065 1,608,063 17 Value of poultry and eggs pro For all farms operated by owners; 32 Number free from mortgage debt 1,146 1,766 543 806 874 677 652 328 33 Number with mortgage debt 872 1,094 397 845 599 497 578 299 34 Number with no mortgage report 24 24 10 3 17 30 59 7 For farms consisting of owned land only; 35 Number reporting debt and amount 370 664 256 738 465 420 421 252 36 Value of their iand and buildings dollars. . 2, 125,668 2,296,290 1,834,835 7,480, 188 1,046,677 5,812,892 8,699,720 4,997,587 37 Amount of mortgage debt dollars. . 444,292 521,101 570, 440 3,060,833* 406, 470 1,980,872 2,341,645 1,535,690 38 Per cent of value of land and buildings 20.9 22.7 31. 1 41.0 24.7 34. 1 26.9 30.7 1 No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See e.xplanation in te.xt.) Table 8 . -LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS • Dairy Products 1 Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products.. .number. . 6,725 8, 125 4,638 19,372 2,909 35, 793 10,596 6,098 2 Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced.. number. . 6,632 7,601 4,096 10,067 2,867 28,202 8,205 5,209 3 Milk — Produced gallons... 1,941,172 2, 124,077 1,366,994 3,698,857 8f)4, 838 17,049,588 2,534,642 2,007,830 4 Sold gallons.. . 44,726 49,886 162, 273 1,860, 445 18,411 20,441,261 734, .594 945,925 5 Cream sold gallons. . . 2, .566 6, 478 9,574 213,609 1,500 5,348 15,871 2,953 6 Butter fat sold pounds . . 30,303 41,544 30,747 297,284 4,505 10,637 34, 405 3,570 7 Butter — Produced pounds. . 429,370 602,408 336,7.84 234,633 287,868 2.54,931 654,597 299,424 8 Sold pounds. . 151,933 264,838 201,489 129, 483 77,353 198,990 373,379 190,839 9 240 230 115 200 10 30 150 11 Value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream .dollars. . . 106,037 151,644 114,345 448,297 60,587 2,441,543 262,725 174, 142 12 Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars. . . 49,524 83,344 85,555 421,913 19,751 2,426,322 203,040 147,315 Poultry Products 13 Poultry — Raised number. . 354, 425 383, 438 193,757 2.30,538 128,412 250,573 310,431 147,723 14 Sold number. . 156, 692 156,072 75,632 95,909 47,284 103,686 130,355 70,775 15 Eggs— Produced .dozens. . . 1,378,172 1,461,576 629, 856 729, 270 420, 044 759,093 924,912 509, 469 16 Sold .dozens. . . 1,063,270 1, 176, 820 396,823 518,366 298, ,568 456,088 51,5,414 312,403 17 Value of poultry and eggs produced dollars. . . 451,962 460,199 188,974 256,175 1:52,264 289,628 347,870 18:1,675 18 Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs dollars. . . 304,666 307,590 104,933 1.53,033 78,:549 1.54,932 179,812 109,071 Honey and Wax 19 Honey produced .pounds. . 19,376 18, .590 4,895 20 , 0:57 11,935 20,431 22,802 5, 175 20 Wax produced .pounds. . 641 115 94 362 27 005 92 42 21 Value of honey and wax produced dollars. .. 3,102 2,879 604 2,332 1,900 3,230 2,872 676 Wool, Mohair, a,nd Goat Hair 22 Wool, fleeces shorn number. . 8, 127 8, 468 2,434 17,. 544 4,096 4,479 761 3,245 03 11 T 35 4 24 Value of wool and mohair produced dollars. . . 15,701 15,424 5,004 38, . 5,54 5,288 9,047 1,489 7,304 DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED 25 Calves— Sold or slaughtered number. . 2,. 535 4,044 2,421 9,445 973 25,243 5,811 3,792 26 Other cattle— Sold or slaughtered number. . 4,859 7,363 6,207 20,057 4,077 23,340 6,:i89 4,075 27 Horses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold number. . 1,788 3,291 998 1,313 1,.5:50 1,922 1,912 07‘> 28 Swine— Sold or slaughtered number. . 32,877 40,320 38,727 61,880 17, 156 36,706 17, 4.57 20,470 29 Sheep and goats— Sold or slaughtered number. . 5,870 9,782 3,010 13,359 3,785 9,869 2,002 5, 130 30 Receipts from sale of animals dollars. . . 684,3.55 928,8.53 806,354 1,996,064 446,691 2,001,2,56 784, 050 664,272 31 Value of animals slaughtered dollars . . . 148,047 193,616 127,098 128,490 78, 458 67,217 106, 152 37,300 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURi: 081 NATIVITY OF FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEET, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910— Continued. [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in itaiics.] Knox. I.a Salle. Lake. Lawrence. l.ee. Livingston. J.ogan. McDon- OUgll. McHenry. McLean. Macon. Macoupin. Madison. 1 1,.518 2,106 1,372 1,1.37 1,393 1,.585 829 1,4,55 1,593 1,970 1,125 2,289 1,964 2 I,75S t,S89 1,405 1,452 1,606 1,921 976 1,694 1,5/, 9 2,373 1,24s 2,409 1,968 3 53.1 49.2 61.0 60.3 50.2 39.9 35.7 53.8 65.7 43.8 43.0 57.0 55.3 4 68-4 61. S 6'S.O 66.5 56.2 44- S 40.6 60.2 66.8 48.7 46.9 59.1 65.2 5 209,584 315,094 139,854 125,092 207, 1.39 248,319 124,880 18’, 672 180,161 294,412 133,707 282, 796 224,699 6 165,219 283, 198 103,693 112,4,37 185, 729 240,234 117,032 154,809 131,771 2’9,S84 126,523 218,336 191,078 7 26,757,387 60,568,018 15,381,867 8,938,030 25,018,003 44,382,304 21,658,772 23,651,064 17,209,786 55,832, m 24,005,002 22,357,115 18,672,804 8 1,163 1,649 1,189 760 1,124 1,110 607 1,120 1,493 1,434 817 1,629 1,470 9 355 457 183 377 269 475 222 335 100 536 308 660 494 10 1,233 1,577 948 1,105 1,129 1,183 663 1,378 . 1,010 1,638 1,022 1,884 1,405 11 283 529 423 18 264 402 165 77 582 331 98 392 533 12 2 1 14 1 1 1 5 13 26 13 1,294 2,149 787 734 1,363 2,356 1,477 1,224 1,217 2,449 ^,Zi 4 1,458 1,686 1,571 14 i,m S,SS5 793 725 1,230 2,340 1,404 1,109 1,205 1,381 1,683 1,687 15 45.2 50.2 35.0 38.9 49.1 59.4 63.7 45.2 42.6 54.4 55.7 42.0 44.2 16 40.7 48.0 36.6 83.2 43.0 54.6 58.4 39.4 43.4 60.2 62.1 40.3 44-5 17 200,786 342,374 92,343 73,726 233,865 392,851 254,051 160, 722 179,191 419,571 216,082 219,747 181,678 18 171,764 317,281 66,017 67,812 213,069 384,879 245,781 143,994 125.600 406,203 209,013 185,618 161,655 19 26,465,475 54,560,961 8,908,176 5,569,600 28,262,643 68,069,851 42,623,429 22,101,970 16,042,246 77,971,840 37,640,082 18,597,664 16,268,758 20 362 713 100 657 379 564 388 530 383 544 239 341 341 21 313 418 10 41 321 1,246 594 321 14 737 664 842 619 22 611 963 621 21 6-*0 538 474 337 799 1,141 396 474 591 23 108 55 56 IS 23 8 21 36 21 27 159 29 20 24 1,108 1,651 502 722 1,184 1,990 1,219 1,192 781 2,156 1,416 1,570 1,319 25 186 493 284 6 179 366 254 32 436 286 41 111 228 26 5 1 6 4 7 1 6 24 27 48 27 91 14 18 28 14 27 60 81 33 38 19 28 S7 S7 31 6 24 23 25 13 20 66 26 27 10 29 14,011 5,287 18,806 3,047 2,810 5,381 2,547 5,382 9,579 19,178 7,157 8,682 2,110 30 9,437 4,535 920,950 11,972 2,777 2,216 5,295 2,163 4,452 6,829 17,608 6,764 5,877 1,703 31 1,464,220 3,552,580 205,640 274,650 1,001,910 500,000 780,335 911,480 3,619,715 1,170,200 635,000 209,990 32 902 1,318 877 784 761 875 656 786 855 1,174 684 1,425 1,332 33 575 722 471 341 609 671 258 647 720 720 423 831 609 34 41 66 24 12 23 39 15 22 18 76 18 33 23 35 375 505 396 163 461 401 166 453 643 484 255 532 412 36 6,262,343 12,079,093 4,210,590 1,124,965 8,102,419 12,039,824 3,747,932 6,938,340 7,041,766 13,012,875 5,069,670 4,715,478 3,311,498 37 1,559,057 3,027,528 1,291,150 256,775 2,000,596 2,685,920 956,555 1,883,938 2,496,647 2,854,138 1,050,328 1,379,171 948,005 38 24.9 25.1 30.7 22.8 24.7 22.3 25.5 27.2 35.5 21.9 20.7 29.2 28.6 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES; 1909— Continued. 1 10,389 26,304 17,007 3,886 17,808 13, 447 7,058 8,487 48,641 15, .301 7,477 14,233 18,258 2 9,462 24. 920 15,522 3,813 13,147 11,830 6,853 8,119 47,217 14,254 6,666 13,239 16, 742 3 3,003,402 12,803,191 5,134,767 1,118,623 5, 493, 784 4,269,107 2, 195, 050 2, 162, 880 27, 997, 892 5, 427, 626 2, 479,301 4,235,177 6,966,312 4 331,165 12,488,284 593, 199 73,556 3,579,288 270,844 111,962 88,046 28,076,924 876,891 428,567 1,689,010 4,572,269 5 30,886 26, 780 22,245 450 65, 1.52 31,981 17,120 13,067 1,816 51,820 5,722 6,551 11,643 6 10,300 13,013 28,649 13, 903 126,967 39,343 5,293 12,274 49, 477 22,805 26,830 14,491 7 758, 703 154,502 1,278,724 274,140 685,006 1,172,243 597,049 560,165 89,024 1,179,913 705,800 808,367 745,383 8 439,000 102,593 774,509 117, 799 304,581 693,733 336,154 273, 477 64,015 600, 750 439,634 469,878 518,557 0 135 134 945 60 1,390 65 774 905 Ft Ififi 10 125 850 , i;210 493 885 3 11 258,591 1,598,259 423,180 86,373 576,361 337,296 171,413 150,370 3,049,187 466,635 244,958 400,731 702,373 12 180,718 1,584,499 312,473 49, 401 613,548 232,992 114,343 88,669 3,042,500 335,353 184,253 329,932 648, 177 13 358, 438 220, 199 521,560 229,031 365,910 570, 749 353,063 381,982 294,976 609,086 388,051 523,556 546, 715 14 149, 774 97,503 213, 088 76,560 157, 44.3 240,147 130, 077 161,715 109, 998 226, 128 143,453 212,041 224,996 15 1,021,658 762, 842 1,478,475 677, 047 1,005,102 1,546,769 949, 837 890, 474 883, 807 1,606.810 840, 626 1,755,053 1,815,572 16 628,144 605,594 901,238 465,517 619, 423 965,248 532, 904 505, 451 545, 688 834,768 471,239 1,213,055 1,238,172 17 359,940 281,825 558,320 224, 150 391, 402 580, 674 334,464 336, 437 336, 868 602,951 360,383 562, 975 588,003 18 188, 797 167, 607 293, 131 123,080 211,319 309, 422 162, 404 174,057 175,500 276,924 171,937 333,118 340,217 19 14,381 32, 254 7,346 12,062 14,628 10,267 10,569 9,421 13,000 6,447 7,758 10,011 13,636 20 149 459 238 128 214 97 68 29 340 186 39 102 278 21 1,518 3,898 1,275 1,914 1,699 1,487 1,634 1,010 2,259 1,009 1,363 1,277 1,962 22 4,258 6,130 4,207 4,550 9,858 3,230 3,276 3,051 4,087 11,671 3,883 21,802 3,235 ?3 61 1 3 1 15 24 2 2 3 35 87 24 7,979 13,852 7,803 8,736 16,632 6,214 6,454 5,508 7,648 23,535 7,316 44,690 6,150 25 2,008 7,892 21,821 1,529 9,842 5,523 2,213 1,334 38,607 5,542 2,874 5,808 11,916 26 20, 562 15,650 10,181 3,305 19,483 8,014 5,565 20,339 15,307 26,235 7,848 19, 780 5,546 27 3,486 3,425 957 873 2,656 3,654 2, 211 2,644 1,308 8,664 2,814 4,053 2,960 28 84,483 55,174 16,426 20,233 42, 843 36,979 44,363 89,940 31,569 97,642 34,813 96,514 39,901 29 3,686 5,316 2,592 2,467 11,983 2,225 4,058 2,960 3,332 18,597 2,798 .19,761 1,704 30 2,758,615 1,991,409 755,682 367,569 1,722,836 1,298,383 1,037,074 2,513,715 1,247,479 1,144,602 1,117,379 2,590,766 965,908 31 117, 469 206,633 89,200 114, 772 139, 201 224,813 199,423 174,892 92,335 318,180 197,179 230,689 278,901 682 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR AND [Comparative data for June 1, 1900, in italics.) Marion. Marshall. Mason. Maslsac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Montgomery. FARMS OPERATED BY OWNERS 1 Number of farms 2,542 546 661 928 598 1,165 882 1,820 2 Number of farms in 19U0 2,607 618 800 935 734 1,321 824 1,953 3 Per cell t of iii 1 farms 74.0 40.8 40.1 72.8 53.3 57.2 69.3 56.5 4 Per cent of all farms in 1900 76.2 Jfi.6 i5.3 74.7 57.3 69.7 62.6 58.2 5 Land in farms acres 254,442 91,008 124,199 100, 147 102,316 182,080 124,295 237,077 () Improved land in farms acres 216, 482 71,888 106, 229 74, 443 92, .392 150,337 89, 686 207,488 7 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 11,906,933 12,063,547 12.317.506 3, 764, 420 13,537,290 21,632,041 6, 121,509 19,407,377 Degree of ownership: 8 Farms consisting of owned land only 1, 670 374 466 703 430 965 484 1,251 9 Farms consisting of owned and hired land 872 172 195 225 168 , 200 398 569 Color and nativity of owners: 10 Native white 2,380 430 549 793 484 954 752 1,577 11 Foreign-born white * 152 114 112 59 114 209 130 240 12 Negro and other noQwhite 10 2 76 2 3 FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS 13 Number of farms 858 788 980 342 521 847 600 1,383 14 Number of farms in 1900 779 792 950 314 642 868 74 s 1,386 15 Per cent of ail farms 25.0 58.9 59.5 26.8 46.4 41.6 40.3 42.9 If) Per cent of all farms in 1900 23.1 65.9 63. 8 25.1 42.3 39.2 47.4 41.3 17 Land in farms acres 75, 526 140,874 178,936 27,355 89,947 137, 475 83,469 184, 276 18 Improved land in farms acres 65. 468 123, 415 160,064 19,092 83, 924 116,676 65,072 169,201 19 Value of land aud buildings dollars. . 0,514,945 19,620,485 18,428,681 1,027,575 12,432,282 16,421,366 4,557,145 16,223,949 Form of tenancy: 20 Share tenants 594 122 567 254 170 307 404 335 21 Share-cash tenants 97 383 174 13 184 188 171 747 22 Cash tenants 120 262 73 45 94 289 20 215 23 Tenure not specified 47 21 166 30 73 63 5 86 Color and nativity of tenants: 24 Native white 842 614 892 286 446 733 552 1,299 25 Foreign-born white 16 173 88 4 75 114 46 84 26 Negro and other nouwhite 1 62 2 FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS 27 Number of farms 35 3 7 5 4 26 5 20 28 Number of farms in 1900 23 6 16 2 5 24 1 16 29 Land in farms acres 5,656 574 1,091 1,839 647 6,756 1,026 5,045 30 Improved land in farms acres 5,098 524 968 1,040 622 4,402 681 4,486 31 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 376, 125 82,500 195,000 77, 450 83, 150 659,065 54, 700 394,360 MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS > For all farms operated by owners: 32 Number free from mortgage debt 1,627 367 372 487 329 717 644 1,137 33 Number with mortgage debt 893 171 247 437 264 433 217 653 34 Number with no mortgage report 22 8 42 4 5 15 21 30 For farms consisting of owned land only: 35 Number reporting debt and amount 511 102 1.39 290 166 327 93 382 30 Value of their land and buildings dollars. . 1,931,748 2, 329, 937 2, 437, 755 1,064.506 3,524,011 6,010.356 626,222 3,547,118 37 Amount of mortgage debt dollars. . 422, 679 501,661 560,689 327,445 801,525 1,538, 745 182, 650 889,272 38 Percent of value'ofland and buildings 21.9 21.5 23.2 30.8 22.7 25.6 29.2 25.1 I No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products. . . Dairy cows on farms reporting milk- produced . . . Milk— Produced Sold Cream sold Butter fat sold Butter— Produced Sold Cheese — Produced number. . number., gallons. . . gallons. . . gallons. . . .pounds. . .pounds. . .pounds. . 7,714 7,408 2, 321, 424 117,825 11,429 21,050 567,414 268, 687 4,668 4.053 1, 178, 868 60, 873 2,697 5,163 369, 657 209,251 30 3.644 3,428 1,098,590 45, 219 7,369 1,195 292,626 147,963 2,238 2, 219 704, 600 87, 421 4,500 500 210, 441 122,537 3,030 2,932 885, 749 33, 704 2,605 IIX) 255,332 124, 291 7,615 7,340 2, 152, 725 80, 931 26, 807 19, 855 461,963 208, 9155 20 3,t76 3, 464 1,049,027 320, 446 242 225 232, 233 139, 153 6,578 3,338 76, 476 11,493 10, 243 3,423,953 1,581,9.50 4, 434 152,327 396,812 210,523 20 10 Sold 11 Value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream -dollars... 161,005 98, 282 79, 799 65,423 65,288 142, 491 293,476 12 Receipts from sale of dairy products dollars. .. 97, 120 62, 89i 49, 198 38,546 37,431 87,237 58, 116 251,622 13 Poultry Products Poultry— Raised .number.. 302, 867 158,111 215,516 94,567 172,038 230, 9.S3 203,229 474,520 14 Sold .number. . 118,540 05, 301 88, 020 37, 889 6.5,216 111,701 74, 4:55 189, 546 15 Eggs — Produced .dozens... 1,534,537 531,515 485, 112 275,867 465, 764 606, 404 774, 889 1,433,042 16 Sold .dozens. .. 1,219, 191 326,782 262, 462 191, 113 266,314 318, 726 680,513 1,033,810 17 Value of poultry and eggs produced ■ dollars... 443,251 171,746 195, 618 84, 254 179, 086 226, 480 205,952 487,971 18 Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs .dollars... 300, 482 94,393 95, 421 49, 408 88, 939 120, 720 129, 415 292, 122 19 Honey and Wax Honey produced .pounds. . 19,512 4.044 8,129 6,768 4,314 26,517 2,652 10. 258 20 Wax produced .pounds. . 74 100 145 65 29 430 22 41 21 V alue of honey aud wax produced ■ dollars. .. 2,531 525 1,190 830 642 3, 144 348 1.605 22 Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair Wool, fleeces shorn .number. . 8,746 2, 413 280 970 2,505 6,212 986 11,735 23 .nutnber. . 1 1 4 2 349 3 238 24 Value of wool and mohair produced .dollars. .. 16, 149 4,500 710 1,469 4,8:30 12,279 1,943 23.206 25 DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED Calyes — Sold or slaughtered number. . 3,049 1,669 1,551 832 936 1,179 2,348 6, 296 26 Other cattle — Sold or slaughtered .number. . 6,681 8, 234 3.509 2,724 14, 642 22, 142 726 11,98,5 27 Horses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold .number.. 2,584 34,766 1,653 1.417 718 2, 138 3, 390 386 6.452 28 Swine — Sold or slauglitored .number.. 30, 086 21,341 15,612 61, 174 82,. 544 15,921 80. 267 29 Slieep and goats— Sold or slaughtered .number.. 6, 727 3, 117 1,723 930 3, 925 12. 602 403 10,933 .30 Receipts from sale of animals .dollars. . . 843,417 m 5.15.870 278, 266 1,687,761 2 , 706. 182 14,5,021 2, 171.201 31 Value of animals slaiigl;tercd .dollars. . . 160, 664 92,817 121, 102 7 1, 663 84,606 91,082 135,, 503 214, 080 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE 683 NATIVITY OF FARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRII, 15, 1910— Continued. [Comparative data for Juno 1, 191X), in Italics.] Morgan. Moultrie. Ogle. Peoria. Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope. Pulaski. Putnam. Uandolph. Richland. Rock Island. 1 1,523 794 1,524 1,.580 1,.379 614 2,167 1,368 883 257 1,6.55 1,712 1,187 2 i,eo£ 909 1,699 1,687 1,4S7 796 2,338 1,493 784 311 1,698 1,678 1,363 .1 57. 1 49.2 51.5 58. 2 08.3 40.7 61.1 75.0 64.9 47.9 65.3 78.1 62.2 4 60.1 63.7 64.9 60.0 73.2 46.7 68.5 76.6 63.9 64.9 69.0 76.7 65.7 5 202,800 101,480 210,131 198,529 165,507 101,899 288,498 168,874 70,097 44,939 213,456 165,600 138,476 (> 177,730 94, 197 180,650 156, 173 132,785 98,420 232,821 110,768 54,299 30,277 162,617 147,673 108,249 7 27, 494, -408 16,791,506 22,742,838 24,484,823 6, 145,931 19,424,919 20,574,137 3,099,585 3,728,926 5,122,346 9,615,2.30 8,471,883 14,841,466 8 1,117 534 1,251 1,232 990 440 1,648 1,153 667 178 1,198 1,183 1,028 9 406 260 273 348 389 174 519 215 216 79 457 529 159 10 1,340 772 1,162 1,313 1,128 662 2,048 1,305 564 173 1,335 1,625 863 U 182 22 361 265 245 52 no 27 48 84 295 87 324 12 1 1 2 6 9 36 271 25 13 ' 1,116 802 1,398 1,111 630 856 1,356 453 473 277 875 454 704 14 1,037 767 1,367 1,106 40.9 616 894 1,624 476 439 253 727 493 679 15 41.8 49.7 47.2 31.2 56.7 38.3 24.8 34.8 51.6 34.5 20.7 36.9 16 38.9 46.3 43.9 39.3 26.3 61. 4 40.7 24.1 35.8 44.6 29.6 22.5 33.0 17 146,061 103,738 242,377 149,183 65,099 152,043 177,745 41,087 30,723 46,767 108,834 47,862 94,107 18 134,212 98,992 211,120 123,901 • 52,882 148,245 148, 194 28,559 22,648 37,317 84,698 43,534 73,297 19 20,990,162 17,601,265 26,090,782 18,942,640 2,511,195 27,957,112 12,645,372 902,985 1,358,740 5,760,a31 4,980, 248 2,400,475 9,660,860 20 294 277 463 325 516 336 873 333 292 62 656 354 219 21 347 317 256 199 40 341 226 10 18 76 60 22 48 22 452 191 670 523 62 179 107 50 101 138 41 55 432 23 23 17 9 64 12 150 60 62 1 118 23 5 24 1,044 790 1,102 967 612 826 1,331 434 287 199 799 448 513 25 70 12 296 143 12 30 20 7 78 63 6 191 26 2 1 6 5 19 179 13 27 28 17 40 26 10 40 21 4 4 3 5 25 18 28 27 17 37 21 9 60 35 8 4 5 35 16 26 29 4,085 2,031 9,502 5,494 4,309 20,995 10,567 1,523 552 890 947 3,796 5,353 30 3,519 1,991 7,315 1,061,225 3,682 2,638 20,689 4,238 620 364 293 839 3,607 3,254 31 735,900 366,800 724,930 189,800 3,520,500 635,650 37,600 23,550 58,400 81,970 295,980 558,880 32 901 502 938 927 867 334 1,237 812 473 141 1,089 1,115 735 33 592 246 568 622 498 258 908 541 400 110 555 589 441 34 30 46 18 31 14 22 22 15 10 6 11 8 11 35 373 137 428 438 ' 336 151 611 424 262 67 332 347 347 36 5,520,805 3,138,556 6,153,973 6,023,406 1,239,750 5,348,594 5,040,114 1,026,475 968,510 1,359,313 1,680,545 1,476,220 4,070,675 37 1,589,930 623,620 1,851,862 1,613,747 321,245 947,930 1,355,954 238,937 262,496 410,080 511,162 328, 473 1,126,935 38 28.8 19.9 30.1 26.8 25.9 17.7 26.9 23.3 27.1 30.2 30.4 22.2 27.7 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 7,191 3,226 17,856 11,734 5,186 4,081 6,992 2,956 2,430 2, 191 7,049 6,295 10,587 2 6, 826 3, 135 12,483 9,844 4,925 3,889 6,437 2,888 2,401 1,903 6,437 5, 230 8,558 3 2, 420, 688 1,105,914 4,529,495 3,506, 162 l,33i3,39 1,343,360 1, 736, 956 755, 161 905, 897 746, 136 1,733,285 1,641, 143 2,877,325 4 222,524 19, 145 1,112, 774 1,540,732 145,810 10,515 40,028 15,004 216,003 92,634 540,891 210,899 888,849 5 18,291 2,431 104, 837 18,099 9,454 6, 165 19, 288 1,327 1,873 952 16, 795 42,568 6 1,656 2 , 475 327, 787 28, 639 16, 589 13, 077 37, 682 800 2,925 145, 325 93, 218 603, 828 335,915 558,963 739,589 345, 640 379, 482 447,973 250,072 191,364 187,691 327,959 291,766 508, 838 8 318, 181 176, 881 300, 288 454, 222 209, 733 175,791 200,872 62,901 98,348 115,465 184,739 101,578 332, 488 9 500 140 100 670 1,982 6, 150 10 500 10 50 620 '897 2, 020 11 194,471 80,261 408,590 411,969 97,641 90, ,582 121,294 49,522 74,230 56,553 132,938 135,842 302, 196 12 132, 135 45,975 348,505 344,320 70, 102 49,351 71,140 14,528 53,957 40, 000 104,065 99,238 262,010 13 417,611 236,676 304, 376 306,613 248, 190 199, 460 447, 955 123,335 99,116 60,315 350, 997 239,317 220,922 14 151,092 87, 866 135, 273 110,013 118,160 76, 219 145,644 47,477 33, 219 25, 163 136, 854 101, 796 95, 339 15 1,000, 623 572,983 982, 827 1,020,255 761,572 416,372 1,301,595 526, 427 224, 422 191,896 1,042,540 955, 610 . 661,847 16 604,855 355. 185 655, 257 634, 322 545, 627 223,330 853, 789 392, 891 140, 827 110,906 751,787 761,013 415, 518 17 373, 794 228, 751 328,296 333, 010 264, 070 179, 187 425,919 139, 167 85,023 63,903 337, 529 286,677 228, 148 18 186, 802 114,897 192, 320 175, 173 164,907 83,558 216,633 88,723 41,607 32, 851 192,332 194, 587 124,341 19 5,997 5,750 8,867 8,845 16,635 10,035 15,667 2,491 4,694 7,906 9,557 7,056 24,203 20 112 49 121 132 479 34 552 25 126 125 260 80 556 21 644 1,038 1, 135 1,113 2,298 1,687 1,879 375 671 912 1,330 967 2,729 22 8,599 2, 125 8,087 3,828 1,243 8,768 21,478 2,931 475 2,200 3,113 4,067 3,426 23 60 9 301 50 11 3 248 ly 20 24 17, 727 3,843 16, 200 7,205 2,377 14,144 42,313 3,951 730 2,229 6,805 8, 166 7,387 25 1,379 1,048 5,461 5,631 1,957 1,068 1,597 1,177 1,053 1,201 3,904 3,249 5,146 26 24,407 4,254 34,439 8,989 1,842 8,256 20,079 3,258 1,332 4,304 5,422 4,065 11,833 27 2, 453 2,682 3,259 2,233 829 1,940 2,645 1,661 471 483 2, 185 1,259 1,414 28 129,321 19, 705 69, 730 54,093 13,586 31,628 99, 129 13,313 12,489 11,435 27,609 19,652 51,574 29 9,620 2,197 7,618 4,859 1,178 8, 197 14, 279 2,931 248 3,636 2,211 3,825 4,019 30 3,804,511 697, 869 2,759,485 1,496,401 225,641 1,054,988 2,462,543 367,057 176,059 438,303 629,263 514,697 1,480,845 31 211, 175 94, 788 148, 134 137, 273 108,045 127,017 174,628 81,791 61,090 27,988 205,888 90, 712 80,709 684 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table 2.— NUMBER, ACREAGE, AND VALUE OF FARMS CLASSIFIED BY TENURE; COLOR AND [Comparative data for Juno 1, 1900, in italics.] . St. Clair. Saline. Sangamon. Schuyler. Scott. Shelby. Stark. Stephenson. FARMS OPERATED BY OWNERS 1 Number of farms 1,612 1,686 1,8-36 1,218 614 2,390 556 1,917 2 Number of jar ms in 1900 1,090 1,980 2,019 1,419 661 2,687 668 2,001 3 Per cent of all farms 51.3 67. 1 51.3 61.5 56.0 58.5 50.2 65.8 4 Ner cent of all farms in 1900 61.5 67.5 61.7 66.0 68.4 63.2 67.2 69.0 5 Land in farms acres 189,579 150,015 248,096 161,442 88.515 261,971 89, 852 209,455 6 Improvo(i iand in farms acres 156,989 129,121 230,094 107, 195 72,046 238, 426 80, 908 184,880 7 Value of ianil and buildings dollars.. 17, 228, 040 6,929,269 38.481,425 13,064,496 8,682,252 25,302,359 12,585,813 21,837,712 Degree of ownership; 8 Fanns consisting of owned land onlv 1,180 1,203 1,318 878 397 1,630 412 1,651 9 Farms consisting of owned and hired land 432 483 518 340 217 760 144 266 Color and nativity of owners: 10 Native white 1,350 1,620 1,584 1,192 536 2,237 497 1.486 n Foreign-born white 250 23 242 26 78 151 69 431 12 12 4.3 10 2 FARMS OPERATED BY TENANTS 13 Number of farms 1,524 806 1,690 747 474 1,656 539 978 14 Number of farms in 1900 1,677 941 1,843 721 464 1,636 494 881 15 Per cent of all farms 48.5 32. 1 47.2 37.7 43.2 40.6 48.7 33.6 16 Per cent of all farms in 1900 48.0 S2. 1 47.2 33.3 40. 1 36. 1 42.4 30.4 17 Land in farms acres 173,855 58,914 263, 986 , 92,013 59,163 192,474 83,308 132, 400 18 Improved land in farms acres 151,636 50,629 251,046 64, 947 48,711 180,284 77,612 119,644 19 Value of land and buildings dollars. . 17,486,962 2, 949, 242 39,306,129 7, 786, 326 5, 472, 885 20,092,404 11,470,680 13, 198,080 Form of tenancy: 20 Share tenants 709 616 370 470 255 761 187 229 21 Share-cash tenants 334 11 728 128 83 565 156 139 22 Cash tenants 404 43 566 138 135 300 193 606 23 Tenure not specified 77 136 26 11 1 30 3 4 Color and nativity of tenants: 24 Native white 1,326 777 1,548 742 453 1,618 482 843 25 Foreign-bom white 159 3 117 5 21 38 57 135 26 39 26 25 FARMS OPERATED BY MANAGERS 27 Number of farms 9 20 53 14 8 37 12 18 28 Number of farms in 1900 15 13 46 22 16 32 4 19 29 Land in fanns acres 1,089 4,902 8,917 5,710 2,908 7,433 2,559 3,066 30 Improved land in fanns acres — 916 3,990 8,451 4,365 1,406 6,473 2,129 2,358 31 Value of land and buildings dollars.. 137,330 277, 470 1,584,290 243,690 241,950 641,740 385,650 254,075 MORTGAGE DEBT REPORTS i For all farms operated by owners: 32 Number free from mortgage debt 1,262 1,089 1,1.30 518 330 1,442 329 1,139 33 Number with mortgage debt 331 575 647 695 271 892 210 766 34 Number with no mortgage report 19 22 59 5 13 56 17 12 For farms consisting of owned land only: 35 Number reporting debt and amount 212 352 416 462 152 542 127 590 36 Value of their land and buildings dollars. . 1,970,158 1,437,025 7,416,810 4,717,652 1, 829, 792 6,001,675 2,910,478 6,323,479 37 Amount of mortgage debt dollars. . 563,380 308, 209 1,807,136 1,438,605 554, 804 1,430,014 739,000 2, 012, 753 38 Per cent of value of land and buildings 28.6 21.4 24. 4 30.5 30.3 23.8 25.4 31.8 1 No mortgage reports were secured for farms operated by tenants and managers. (See explanation in text.) Table 3.— LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS, AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS Dairy Products 1 Dairy cows on farms reporting dairy products. .number. . 10,192 3,890 11,000 5,168 2,887 10,077 3,253 24,880 2 Dairy cows on farms reporting milk produced .number. . 9,412 3,872 10,435 4,986 2,857 8,995 2,747 18, 713 3 Milk — Produced .gallons... 3,110,297 1,223, 133 3,551,526 1,300,019 895, 121 2,798,058 796, 135 7,621,059 4 Sold 1,406,738 94,829 728,439 26,383 40, 745 215,236 9,706 5,397,308 5 5,255 7, 147 4,823 4,974 14,141 4,513 149,241 6 2 , 733 8,927 8, 681 142, 481 8,860 484, 746 7 Butter— Produced .pounds. . 582,486 417,669 800,935 320,239 213, 753 591,839 202,232 296,020 8 Sold .pounds. . 411,985 158, 158 423,503 140,034 101, 786 300,255 131,797 184, 704 9 29,988 550 1,025 1,3.50 10 23,685 520 1,010 i;ooo 11 Value of dairy products, excluding home use of milk and cream ..dollars. . . 317,054 111,410 304,640 77,467 58,554 198, 880 64,674 787,881 12 Receipts from sale of dairy products .dollars. . . 277,581 56,389 220,690 40,268 36,303 139,345 36,326 760, 146 Poultry Products 13 Poultry — Raised .number. . 534,040 232,255 542,016 266,740 181,923 523,947 132,481 324, 183 14 Sold .number.. 214, 493 92,036 202, 177 92,846 59,500 199,477 58,040 133,008 15 Eggs— Produced .dozens... 1,349,822 650, 657 1,167,348 781,558 528,890 1,557,958 362,400 1,175,618 16 Sold 945,522 435,460 608,082 517,400 337, 191 1,086, 626 218,895 852,427 17 Value of poultry and eggs produced 4.55,860 241,482 481,079 258,635 169,887 540, 409 128,855 392,426 18 Receipts from sale of poultry and eggs .dollars. .. 262, 799 137, 749 221,935 136,901 80,488 306, 343 70,289 247, 991 Honey and Wax 19 Honey produced 15,844 12,358 12,689 15,991 3,090 15,588 2,289 34,825 20 Wax produced .pounds. . 706 134 80 284 14 195 100 799 21 Value of honey and wax produced .dollars. .. 2,038 2,022 1,979 1,958 428 2,551 310 4,334 Wool, Mohair, and Goat Hair 22 Wool, fleece shorn .number. . 1,077 2,080 10, 193 2,791 2,953 11,638 5,843 11,397 ^3 4 7 55 5 194 128 24 Value of wool and mohair produced 1,993 3,462 17,2,34 5,000 5,510 22,481 12, 795 27,647 DOMESTIC ANIMALS SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED 25 Calves — Sold or slaughtered 6,786 1,754 4,431 1,199 075 4,025 518 11,832 26 Other cattle — Sold or slaughtered 2,576 5,530 18,273 8,9.';8 6,865 12,529 7,749 12,700 27 Horses, mules, and asses and burros— Sold . . . .number.. 1,183 2,445 4,659 1,916 l,,526 2,952 1, 130 1,600 28 Swine — Sold or slaughtered .number.. 29, 164 2;i, 1.50 102,919 03,307 41,394 78,891 30,-506 68,611 29 Sheep and goats — Sold or slaughtered .number.. 526 3,502 10,381 2,030 4,393 7,684 4,227 8,153 30 Receipts from sale of animals .dollars. .. 407,205 675,358 2,979,044 1,206,517 1,028,180 1,820,764 1,014,367 1,731,914 31 Value of animals slaughtered 288, 713 124,241 268,320 124,397 88,646 225,673 53,070 165,684 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURF: 685 NATIVITY OP’ P’ARMERS; AND MORTGAGE DEBT, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, lOlO-Continuccl. [('omparativc data for June I, 1900, In italics.] Tazewell. Union. Vermilion. Wabash. Warren. Wiushing- tou. Wayne. White. Whiteside. Will. William- son. Winne- bago. Woodford. 1 1,219 I,iS8 1,440 1,898 718 1,009 1,601 3,185 1,,587 1,377 2,102 1,959 1,339 991 2 1,867 S, S69 814 1,179 1,668 5, 106 1,748 l,o21 2,186 2,288 1,876 985 3 48.3 62.4 49.9 64.2 49.9 63.5 74.3 01.2 47.5 58. 6 70.4 59.8 47.6 4 60.6 6S.8 66.8 71.6 64.7 66.4 76.6 69.9 63.6 61.0 72.6 61.2 46.8 5 171, 02 147,914 230,023 79,993 155,335 207, 228 312,362 178,238 U3, 130 282,650 161,025 161,329 147,029 6 148,285 101,461 217,328 70,989 130,675 167,030 275,818 102,958 153,812 250, 781 137,006 140,073 125,592 7 27,975,379 5,807,416 30,527,550 6, 264, 130 22,499,039 8,515,194 13, 430, 136 10,855,476 19,463,999 34,469,838 0,050,173 16,403,836 24,459,499 8 926 1,132 1,.350 502 716 1,121 2, 0,50 1,084 1,186 1,711 1,512 1,193 749 9 293 308 548 216 293 480 1,135 503 191 391 447 140 242 10 971 1,391 1,721 089 891 1,063 3, 132 1,549 973 1,420 1,908 981 777 11 246 47 176 29 117 524 53 3,3 403 609 40 356 211 12 2 2 1 1 14 5 1 7 11 2 3 13 1,272 850 1,880 1,846 398 921 911 1,076 999 1,495 1,448 818 887 1,072 14 l,S8i 79S 817 96S 881 936 1,166 1,292 1,867 866 849 1,180 15 50.4 36.8 49.5 35.6 45.6 36.1 2.5.1 38.5 51.6 40.4 29.4 39.6 51. 5 16 4«.7 88. 6 U-6 S7.8 44.1 88. 8 , 23. 0 89.7 45.8 88.1 27.2 87.8 64.2 17 195, 148 74, 120 287,734 43,863 154,215 119,960 89,975 105, 341 230, 462 211,345 64,337 138, 285 166,008 18 174, 220 48, 182 272.619 39,685 137,421 103,728 75. 894 98,514 205,235 190,324 53.957 119,104 150, 370 19 30,860,401 2,736,512 42, 773,039 3,444, 121 21,932, 619 5, 197, 709 3,803,075 7,121,110 24,459,988 26, 052, 210 2,663,006 13,625,286 28,548,965 20 609 717 712 336 281 644 901 758 344 168 619 372 278 21 206 49 553 16 217 193 72 27 159 70 59 21 297 22 401 66 585 23 421 46 68 22 941 1,116 82 446 484 23 56 18 30 23 2 28 35 192 51 94 58 48 13 24 1,075 844 1,804 386 819 805 1,073 983 1,098 1,078 807 658 889 25 197 5 71 7 100 105 2 3 397 367 8 229 182 26 1 5 5 2 1 1 13 3 3 1 27 34 19 23 2 91 9 24 6 26 38 4 15 19 28 SO IS S4 8 26 7 19 IS 28 82 8 21 11 29 8,018 5,371 10,628 223 17, 103 1,947 6,175 1,448 6,867 4,656 1,680 3,466 3,027 30 6,058 2,575 10, 418 197 14,619 1,253 3,625 1,155 0,164 3,506 660 2,951 2,286 31 1,233,200 283, 700 1,711,577 17,525 2,403,885 88,914 270,350 72,940 727,090 598, 345 52,000 • 314,300 409,850 32 706 827 1,138 478 587 1,116 1,659 856 678 1,420 1,418 712 644 33 473 575 715 237 408 476 1,501 716 684 661 519 599 325 34 40 38 45 3 14 9 25 15 15 21 22 28 22 35 331 392 454 146 255 289 830 425 567 524 383 499 212 36 6,996,830 1,260,881 9,490,342 1,286,355 5,521,092 1,230, 341 3,468,402 2,572,676 8,518,493 8,940,241 997,898 5, 846, 762 5,261,594 37 1,559,924 341,521 1,809,581 291,450 1,398,595 302,867 724,552 685, 700 2,590,833 2,421,888 220, 774 . 1,833,155 1,033,570 38 22.3 27.1 19.1 22.7 25.3 24.6 20.9 26.7 30.4 27.1 22.1 31.4 19.6 SOLD OR SLAUGHTERED ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 9, 138 3,323 10, 518 2,509 6,729 8,314 8,846 4,382 21,121 21,708 4,750 17,395 7,151 2 7,475 3,284 9, 331 2,328 6,591 7,610 8,577 4,228 12,557 16, 424 4, 664 9, 640 6,553 3 2,312,271 1,241,748 3,349, 494 687,059 2,200,940 2, 132,977 2,217,852 1,113,279 4,771,660 6,242,274 1,634,252 4,209,664 2,073,507 4 308,543 53,620 645,421 61,208 170, 135 1,220,425 44,213 23,281 2, 481, 434 4, 169,117 156, 730 4, 102, 694 106, 174 5 33,629 2,955 13, 139 2,506 11, 441 2, 474 406 147,996 47, 786 1,759 179,356 12,289 6 10, 733 7,769 32, 496 11,248 6,374 9,698 31,326 184,885 80,025 6,894 129, 358 41,824 7 674,885 326,798 829,330 163,646 578,062 205,901 664,538 342,143 811,349 863,534 611,060 297, 728 486,284 8 416,875 138,977 416,413 91,290 305,535 93,047 191,247 101,855 593,472 532,676 323,635 219,957 307, 132 9 4, 052 286 295 1,070 1,300 2,876 10 3^297 l^SOO i;545 11 248,934 78,895 329,019 51,057 178, 176 173,146 147,370 73,291 591,680 806, 592 159, 477 656,743 145, 402 12 187,475 42,360 231,636 34,879 116,231 149, 156 53,437 25,005 538,642 730,245 98,695 637,250 105,543 13 327,745 157,326 488,532 120,391 272,814 302,037 375,278 332,276 310,289 447,098 273,567 206, 744 301,661 14 116,726 57,929 189, 291 41,273 116,626 119,607 140, 103 120,412 145,992 187,964 87, 699 92, 646 110,718 15 915, 159 451,056 1,227, 129 410, 947 773,871 1,248,265 2,080,807 980, 734 968,261 1,394,342 599, 252 791,814 752,275 16 532,372 278,982 668,285 276, 795 415, 156 988,008 1,641,027 639,874 592,841 949, 196 384,919 492,072 484,802 17 323,308 149,892 485, 438 131, 695 268, 279 338, 385 592, 242 352,074 336, 065 510,340 229,388 257, 472 286, 891 18 154,637 77, 456 234, 653 73,000 135, 346 222,948 401,985 185,519 189,511 294, 802 114,583 146,349 149,398 19 4,337 6,383 25,523 6,002 7,525 11,303 32,081 21,216 49, 884 27, 750 15,583 14,995 2,254 20 97 76 360 36 74 418 666 344 924 361 409 473 14 21 674 1, 154 4,319 914 1,043 1,625 4,515 3,447 5,919 3,851 2,872 2, 104 327 22 5,930 1,256 11,263 1,923 5,311 1,545 12, 087 6,733 5, 138 2,344 857 8,205 1,831 23 6 105 66 61 6 6 2 60 216 24 11,345 2,532 17,695 4,042 8,932 2,493 22,260 13,583 10,481 4,635 1,345 18,020 3,775 25 4, 154 1,414 3,488 1,010 1,003 4, 941 3,280 1,071 8,310 14,886 2,067 9,009 4,039 26 7,778 2,671 10,883 1,400 34,008 2,823 10, 520 3,695 24,641 13, 526 5,097 14,020 9,997 27 2,813 884 2,892 544 3,045 1,397 2,962 1,547 2,300 2,605 1,510 1,318 2,531 28 40,572 18,870 71,298 14,606 78,973 23,785 31,604 42, 164 64,482 33,282 22,617 47, 708 38,861 29 2,871 771 20, 466 562 8,827 1,401 7,821 6,263 4,266 4,346 1,636 5,055 3,502 30 1,308,668 281, 193 1,806,048 260,888 3,844,725 426,438 858,490 697,458 2,289, 775 1,417,247 454,553 1,450,866 1,332,898 31 194, 182 138,078 246,468 60,635 93,299 159, 188 191, 798 154,027 99,557 226, 426 171,232 42,122 155,219 1 ii ■1 5 () S It ID 11 li i:i 14 15 ID 17 IS ID ■JO ■Jl JJ jii 24 25 26 •27 28 ■29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 1 2 3 4 5 ■ 6 7 8 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Tadle 1 .— value of all CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND VALUE OF ALL CROPS Total Cereals Other grains and seeds 1 1 ay and forage Vegetables Fruits and nots All other crops - SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals: Total Corn Oats Wheat Einmer and spelt . . Barley Buckwheat Rye Other grains: Dry peas Hay and forage: Total All tame or cultivated grasses Timothy alone Timothy and clover mixed Clover alone Alfalfa Millet or Hungarian grass Other tame or cultivated grasses Wild, salt, or prairie grasses Grains cut green Coarse forage Special crops: Potatoes Sweet potatoes and yams All other vegetables Maple trees - - . . Maple sugar (made) Maple sirup (made) Broom com FRUITS AND NUTS Orchard fruits: Total Apples Peaches and nectarines Pears Plums and prunes Cherries Quinces Grapes Small fruits: Total Strawberries Raspberries and loganberries Blackberries and dewberries Nuts Tue State. | Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. Bureau. • dollars. . 372, 270, 470 5, 102, 564 619, 027 1,567,839 1,759,344 1, 578, 005 7,165,497 ■297,523,098 3, 788,357 425, 471 1,141,581 1,222, '271 1,228,566 6,008,965 ■ dollars. . 2,255,393 64,126 3,256 3,4'26 4,393 14,234 13,805 ■ dollars. . 40,560,2^20 648,674 101,649 290, 470 400,932 205,638 849,224 16,300,654 279, 733 39, 479 76,819 84, 874 52,550 175,702 ■ dollars. . 5,414,594 154, .333 14,546 17,872 11,335 23,525 43', 218 10,216,511 167,341 34,626 37,671 35^5.39 53, 492 74,583 16,536,457 200,393 30,033 87,379 77,512 65,627 293,721 bushels. .. 580,954,423 6,085,856 690,054 2,059,607 2,689,781 2,184,061 12,726,417 .acres 10,045,839 106,042 19,317 54, 645 42,301 41,561 187,086 bushels.. . 390,218,676 4, 046, .596 514,071 1,456,013 1,431,355 1,725,690 8,575,697 acres 4,176,485 33,017 595 14,873 27,644 5,331 97,970 bushels... 150,386,074 885,725 11,197 321,068 1,056, 875 158, 1'23 3,969,757 acres 2,185,091 60,608 10, 121 17,252 327 18,263 6, 572 bushels... 37,830, 732 1,144,075 164, 786 275,242 8,009 294,349 141,9'23 acres 1,633 10 35 68 bushels... 41,999 200 1,380 1 acres 63,325 132 6, 356 30 .306 bushels... 1,613,559 1,677 177,859 503 8 222 acres 4,696 10 40 66 bushels... 68, 125 55 707 1,105 acres 58,973 568 555 809 442 1 6dQ bushels... 787,519 7,387 6,239 13,596 5,381 27,963 acres 41,076 258 132 10 bushels... 185,020 1,708 575 130 acres 3,349,435 55,868 4,012 32,295 27,164 17,040 66,295 tons 4,354,466 71,489 9,412 33,238 42,895 22,751 87,492 acres 3,023,371 54,380 3,707 25,849 24, .505 16,931 53,002 tons 3,832,706 69,473 9,103 24,447 38,187 22,532 80, 136 acres 1,587,219 24,756 1,276 20,825 12,414 7, '253 24,034 tons 1,947,572 31,972 1,534 19,060 19,187 9,895 36,176 .acres 827,625 21,545 305 1,648 10, 452 6,498 25,274 tons 1,123,254 26,920 353 1,571 16,282 8,790 37,800 .acres 427,957 7,841 626 2,754 1,'255 3,019 3,361 539, 790 10, 137 827 .3 n.59 9 16.3 3 acres is; 344 75 1,451 45 ’’52 "’’36 ’’135 tons 52,284 160 6,331 83 130 118 470 .acres 33,968 83 49 549 112 40 97 tons 46,918 128 58 662 184 51 183 .acres 128,258 80 28 220 85 101 tons 122,888 150 19 241 100 143 -acres 112,978 20 1,670 10 1,899 tons 128,531 20 2^210 13 2, 696 .acres 80,226 141 305 6,031 26 2 '165 99,828 246 309 7 914 28 3 267 acres 1:52,827 1,327 *416 963 97 1,229 tons 293,108 1^745 1,577 2,470 203 4^ 388 .acres 138,052 2,927 528 680 1,178 411 2,418 bushels... 12,166,091 218,758 38,471 64,514 140,532 31,319 222,604 .acres 10,668 182 96 22 4 1 bushels . . 1,050,932 23,865 9,691 1,816 14 181 91 .acres 120,291 1,674 247 408 509 377 778 .number.. 48,098 377 10 1,107 355 .pounds... 5,366 22 * 40 2 .gallons. . . 18,492 141 4 470 113 .acres 38, 452 1 pounds.. . 19,309,4'J5 1,200 100 100 50 .trees 15,033,743 389,111 14, 473 ' 241,035 26,289 75,809 139,625 bushels . . 4,939,211 151, 409 20, 469 14,770 6,243 26,920 19,208 .trees 9,900,627 232,543 8,932 188,563 17,469 41,879 70,850 bushels. . 3,093,321 T28,882 14,206 3,852 4,888 17,792 14,009 .trees 2,860, 120 96,357 3,842 36,573 109 21,760 30,528 bushels. . 1,222,570 11,561 4, 674 9,433 1 7,165 546 . trees 786,349 28,704 608 5,579 687 2,681 4,789 bushels . . 249,365 4,351 810 1,069 155 764 321 • trees 600,087 13,510 855 5, '203 1,079 5,219 13,398 bushels. . 78,566 1,493 697 184 87 292 365 .trees 843,283 17,607 218 4,617 6,885 4,019 19,821 bushels. . 287,376 3,081 70 224 1,105 849 3,957 .trees 30, 804 244 15 354 37 163 63 bushels. . 6,723 35 6 8 7 54 3 .vines 2,170,340 35,736 987 9,333 1,656 4,457 30,514 poimds.. . 16,582,785 367,842 7,971 66, 181 21,605 53,867 282,367 .acres 11,723 255 47 43 22 522 106 quarts 13, 602, 676 649, 252 49,027 31.776 22, 803 32,767 126,329 .acres 5,410 1'28 46 4 14 6 37 quarts 8,031,824 388,011 47,464 3,387 14,030 5,432 58,475 1,945 42 4 4 28 quarts 1,834; 337 97,731 28 2,099 4, 496 4,347 24,021 .acres 3,503 54 1 ■29 1 607 35 quarts '2,915,473 132, '223 1,251 21,133 1,211 21,712 37, 179 .trees 85,428 362 89 261 2'29 539 1,113 pound.s... 714,478 5,930 3,027 14,545 2,800 6,735 5,915 Table 5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES Labor Farms reporting 139,941 2,394 392 797 752 842 1.9'21 Cash expended dollars. . 27,989,488 355, 422 75, ,580 87,557 1,59,097 99,516 498,908 Rent and board furnished dollars. . 8,318,888 106,324 9, 625 ■22,701 66.069 21, 168 171,3'22 Fertilizer. . Farms reporting n,‘207 72 6 13 16 II 99 Amount expended dollars. . 6 15,. 594 4,7‘27 260 306 390 248 5,714 Feed Farms reporting 94, 143 1,7.30 279 809 504 648 998 Amount expended dollars. . 13,915,628 284,8'28 20, 140 77, 114 81,998 111,812 200, 108 Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars. . 104,425, 194 456, 843 84,921 1 '22, 002 ■286, 096 151,496 2,418,891 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE G87 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: 1909. (’alhoim. Carroll. Cas.s. Champaign. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Colos. ('ook. Crawforil . Cumlxjrland. 1 1,016,764 2,796,898 2, 574, 318 9,991,658 5,463,041 1,863,009 1,652,385 2,488,129 4,463,738 8,941,336 1,624,673 1,371,699 2 724, 427 1,990,327 2,3.30,705 9, 194, 789 4, 722, 435 1,20.3,773 1,093,024 2, 117, (527 3,279,262 2,166,113 1,108,718 714,715 3 3,088 8,4.59 16, 643 11,724 13, 164 9, 684 146, 193 0,584 23, 225 49, 450 11,041 2,962 4 73,062 618,332 95,502 430,075 514, 661 418,804 204, 851 218,391 359, 104 l,330,00(i 275, 178 344,408 5 49,424 111,305 73,340 178, 107 122,928 102,112 97,123 83,965 112, 4.37 2,843,926 98, 744 60,937 fi i;i0,504 18,057 29, 508 114, 753 55,529 39,476 45, ,362 28,712 62, 643 44,485 32, 720 47, 669 7 35,589 50,418 28,620 56, 210 34,324 89,160 65, 8.32 32,8.50 627,007 2,507,356 38,272 201,008 8 40,259 111,318 112,591 461,686 263,706 105, 576 87,116 151,527 171, 434 130,518 78, 532 71,674 9 1,092,614 4,013,945 3,839,213 19,065,851 8,714,269 2,264,048 2, 170, 152 2,975,581 6,689,822 4,461, 195 2,068,745 1,336, 670 10 20,118 65, 267 63,785 291,207 173, 680 68,786 68,914 56,925 121,369 66,330 .57,:i35 48,910 11 712,483 2,512,912 2,675,106 12,914, 420 0,468,979 1,. 555, 883 1,808,800 1,336,038 5, 152, 784 2, 137, 823 1,652, 495 924, .537 12 1,312 39,567 11,796 158,571 43,929 19,010 10,512 28,098 39,021 59,465 8,304 13, .396 13 23,750 1,393,777 393, 285 5,885,152 1,311,896 400,685 266,212 529, 731 1,343,581 2, 210, 856 191,818 303, 54:5 14 18,811 712 36, .533 11,848 46,002 17,186 7,418 65,852 10, 200 3,033 12,7:14 9,036 15 356,016 11,887 765,024 265,432 931,938 242, 152 92,601 1,109,405 190, 764 71,401 222, 764 100,415 1fl 3 23 18 1 9 63 9 17 45 875 445 20 90 2, 256 90 18 9 2,605 11 2 1 33 962 2 19 80 59; 374 240 37 18 790 25, 749 50 20 36 12 121 5 65 9 13 21 569 100 890 16 788 68 50 22 3 3,108 459 37 92 446 236 52 151 600 137 315 23 40 34,551 5,293 491 1,399 4,084 2,083 407 1,903 12,322 1,415 2,086 24 80 1,755 5 426 314 3 25 545 9^349 21 1,515 413 1,679 25 26 8,118 47,455 8, 106 29,801 43,003 41,798 32,812 24,690 28,321 97, 113 29, 198 38, 016 27 10,916 67,088 10,337 41,558 52,472 47,534 33, 829 25,221 41,133 124,209 33, 577 38,720 28 6,826 42, 508 7,(33 29,656 42,796 41,483 31,358 22,641 28,046 62,840 26,761 37,118 29 8,382 58, 882 9,810 40,972 51,928 47, 045 31,368 21,010 40,670 81,941 29,722 37,256 30 3,109 21,469 2,666 15,194 24,938 34,263 14,905 15,287 12,540 33,589 22,223 30,901 31 3,815 29,791 3,487 22,265 29, 8()0 37,948 15, .385 12,301 18,464 43, 633 24,598 30,119 32 612 18,589 768 3,883 10,804 4,553 844 257 6,878 22,707 2,169 4,929 33 693 25,8.53 938 5,107 13,639 5,583 934 288 10,061 29,349 2,3.59 5,600 34 3,050 2,215 3,998 10,049 6,902 1,864 108 6,640 8, 107 634 1,072 918 35 3,796 2,849 4,915 12,510 8,180 2,594 138 7,936 11,200 1,213 1,437 1,129 36 13 29 80 134 36 106 4 13 127 401 31 28 37 29 76 226 302 101 273 2 19 286 1,071 61 51 38 18 61 56 351 115 62 1,075 380 322 768 92 268 39 26 95 121 733 144 86 1,342 414 588 1,219 149 288 40 24 145 65 45 1 635 14,422 64 72 4,681 1,174 74 41 23 218 123 49 4 561 13,567 52 77 5, 456 1,118 69 42 14 965 144 12 90 23 28, 415 51 43 23 1,500 172 12 109 12 26; 899 24 44 270 '104 329 31 111 989 1,595 31 166 1,408 72 45 450 247 355 67 273 1,251 2,377 08 354 1,819 86 46 1,008 3,878 114 207 192 375 431 244 5,685 1,029 773 47 2,061 6,399 519 544 204 1,101 1,822 389 14,917 2,030 1,.344 48 649 1,217 477 1,642 1,159 791 621 873 604 11,864 556 516 49 48,069 104,484 43,778 128,247 92,233 60,200 61,916 92, 195 52,347 916,051 50,830 33,836 50 3 3 204 9 21 46 27 10 17 2 25 27 51 259 287 14,417 879 1,677 3,594 1,779 1,016 1,588 112 1,630 1, 195 52 281 1,779 1,086 1,215 730 976 744 458 762 17,877 886 473 53 12 54 6 200 1,354 261 820 120 395 54 125 10 293 95 100 5 30 55 6 18 5 22 484 92 286 43 90 56 1 14 4 621 98 11 13,116 35 6,865 57 1,230 7,945 1,060 149,084 38,210 4,232 8,022,000 12,000 2,306,740 58 362,152 48,126 42,134 225,687 146,020 160,224 490.079 152,425 130,289 107,599 147,794 201,093 59 176,797 6,610 34, 902 68,830 56,921 42,274 48,883 24, 088 60,060 27,605 27,761 58,309 60 348,888 30-,233 19,937 149,939 85,685 110,218 445,859 110,039 78,522 71,452 111,413 149,599 61 173,630 5,213 20,209 21,618 36,361 22,877 33,062 13,784 30,960 16,742 9,945 35,912 62 7,055 881 14, 620 45,016 37,293 30, 726 26, 912 ■ 23,964 29,327 8,365 23,019 32,968 63 2,043 23 12,270 33,117 15,087 15,532 12, 139 4,057 21,657 1,312 14,388 18,704 64 3, 108 1,369 1,809 6,107 6,600 4,988 10,230 10,716 4,124 7,393 3,701 3,461 65 617 124 782 2,091 1,173 2,479 2,981 5,207 2,269 1,952 1,473 760 66 1,414 7,594 2,352 5,999 6,250 6,619 3,662 4,452 6,598 1,631 4,773 6,195 67 266 199 348 230 480 281 479 912 636 102 926 476 68 1,592 7,958 3,112 17,968 9,664 7,007 3,207 2,816 11,192 18,616 4,283 8,611 69 237 1,041 1,270 11,064 3,775 979 142 124 4,487 7,469 911 2,375 70 54 64 241 522 342 598 160 262 361 74 548 214 71 4 10 13 101 43 124 77 2 43 22 116 77 72 5,542 8,724 4,638 29,610 13,668 12,564 8,280 22,862 13,015 29,054 6,022 7,775 73 38,428 75, 147 58,071 343,085 151,250 115,355 72,064 149,687 107, 939 242,415 146, 865 115,597 74 6 52 36 128 86 39 72 43 120 . 49 52 52 75 8,239 63, 118 45,432 179,041 82,034 41,981 66.862 45.109 123,002 68,342 47,218 39, 649 76 2 24 8 40 25 7 36 30 51 30 3 3 77 3,732 35,615 15,245 82,589 27,558 6,731 33.094 32,610 55,672 39,657 3,486 5,083 78 1 8 3 35 14 3 1 1 37 2 4 11 79 1,086 7,172 1,840 26, 760 11,569 4,973 776 440 34, 572 2,315 3,074 8,936 80 2 18 23 44 37 24 22 9 21 2 34 32 81 2,448 17,741 27,225 62, 205 30, 137 23,580 21,008 8,973 18, 472 886 31,360 19,950 82 12, 154 2, 778 2,205 396 479 469 63 775 519 148 36 65 83 21,320 8,573 850 3,715 4,050 4,605 1,150 1,385 34,400 10,510 750 1,435 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES; 1909. 1 632 1,041 805 2,444 1,788 1,350 897 1,319 1,710 3,163 1,122 1,087 2 66, 705 190,218 211,207 639,549 375, 831 110,210 78,876 161,022 382,823 1, 479, 264 104,989 104,020 3 16,095 66, 189 40,590 218, 124 100, 792 25,692 12,630 03,573 85,005 435, 321 24,437 26, 751 4 74 33 41 190 48 67 136 65 22 1,603 24 32 5 1,322 836 1,877 9,387 1,743 2,924 4,038 2,299 1,215 170,090 1,752 1,449 6 345 768 486 1,145 1,052 1,494 1,101 1,089 891 3,044 1,203 1,181 7 22, 287 161,830 147, 171 88,309 213, 122 154, 423 127,879 97, 160 149, 988 674, 499 141,472 105, 715 8 39,204 320,076 649,097 5,533,707 1,709,782 254, 494 125, 719 109, 130 1,474,253 781,673 131,374 241,848 688 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 4.— VALUE OF ALL CROPS ANT) PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND 1 j Dekalb. Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage. Edgar. Edwards. EOingham. Fayette. VALUE OF ALL CROPS 1 Total 5,457,231 3,093,830 4,200,444 2, 170,616 5,315,601 1, 107,364 1,724, 101 2,721,967 ■2 Cereals 4,436,283 3,378,497 3,745,992 1,273,117 4,839,637 814,623 1,211,587 2,013,765 3 Other grains and seeds ..dollars. . 9,520 4, 181 17,291 1,709 13,091 19, 153 33,385 13,520 4 Hay and forage 821, 728 180,0()8 180, 062 52.5,413 280, 132 157,283 300, a54 424,885 5 Vegetables 113,801 70,375 68,680 99, 743 104,547 43,082 86, 720 143,616 0 Fniits and imts .dollars. . 22,230 44,163 24, ,594 17,434 36, .587 17,(«16 31,855 51,2.51 7 All other crops 53,6(i9 1,5,946 163, 225 2.53,200 41,607 55,557 ,59,900 74,930 SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals; 8 Total - .acres 230,656 169,631 181,565 79,348 239,796 55,324 111,635 160,805 9 bushels... 9,738,236 7,015,446 7,693,827 2,704,329 10,074,001 1, 502, 100 2,243,874 3,756,243 10 Corn .acres 136,837 111,249 125,431 39,375 150,469 36, 876 64,692 107, 180 11 bushels... 5, 996, 491 4,981,796 5,782,045 1,232,667 7,150,597 1,130,691 1,358,984 2,759,868 12 Oats .acres 89,809 .50,623 49,670 35, 671 75,571 8,2,82 25,743 23,701 13 bushels... 3,636,513 1,888,373 1,771,402 1,367,149 2,651,592 205,505 003,961 565,394 14 Wheat .acres 537 7,625 6,338 2,607 13,508 9,996 21,021 28,688 15 Imshels... 13,214 143,235 137,394 01,550 207,216 163,841 279,287 417,882 IG Enimer and spelt .acres 5 10 () 2 1 17 imshels... 100 582 101 40 30 18 liarley .acres 3,oyC) 98 1,042 2 19 imshels... 84; 203 2, 442 29^ 219 25 20 Buckwheat .acres 43 6 9 35 21 bushels... 1,070 55 51 115 208 22 Rve .acres 324 128 28 621 244 167 163 1,198 23 bushels... 6,395 1,939 544 12,951 4,444 1,931 1,395 12,826 Other grains: 24 Dry peas .acres 10 491 170 1 418 25 bushels... 40 2,600 860 4,473 Hay and forage: 2(1 Total .acres 53, 594 13,363 14,249 33, 998 24,866 18,992 36,493 53,995 27 tons 87,336 17,568 20, 374 56,714 33,236 22,967 34,875 55, 532 28 All tame or cultivated gr;isscs .acres 48,303 1.3,179 14, 225 26,251 24,711 15,215 33,681 48,351 29 tons 73,500 17,190 20,293 39,272 32, 778 10,791 28,541 45,525 30 Timothy alone .acres 15,839 8,689 4,902 11,622 16,054 5,543 31,099 42,680 31 ton.s 23,620 11,600 7,296 16,9,53 21,255 6,378 25,260 38,382 32 Timothy and clover mixed acres 30, 744 1,202 2,838 12,447 3,527 759 1,474 2,010 33 tons 40,922 1,624 3,944 17,963 4,924 874 1,004 2,300 3-1 Clover alone .acres 1,565 3, 184 6, 190 825 5,008 1,394 415 2,313 35 tons 2,568 3, 769 8,478 1,428 0,349 1,850 618 3,163 35 .acres 48 28 10 44^ Ifil 61 37 tons 176 85 43 1,587 26 516 142 38 Millet or Hungarian grass acres 64 71 231 '419 113 351 307 1,093 39 tons 172 101 457 767 224 431 374 1,394 40 Other tame or cultivated grasses acres 43 5 489 7, 108 99.Ft 194 41 tons 42 5 75 574 7,258 169 144 42 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses acres 1,349 4 4, 470 14 43 tons 1,847 4 5, 921 12 44 Grains cut green acres 9 141 4 12 72 1,148 1,496 2,618 45 tons 19 250 8 36 86 1,480 2,225 4,745 40 Coarse forage acres 3,933 39 20 3,265 S3 2,629 1,302 3,026 47 tons 11,970 124 73 11,485 372 4,696 4,097 5,262 Special crops: 48 Potatoes acres 1,605 600 391 2,417 678 335 779 1,111 49 bushels . . 137, 176 53,058 39,142 148,211 64, 550 35,762 68,676 93, 729 50 Sweet potatoes and yams .acres. . .. 3 3 Q 6 18 10 40 51 bushels. . 50 181 800 3 589 1,390 730 3,084 52 All other vegetables .acres 887 428 450 2a3 665 246 730 1,063 53 2,062 i:^7 1 8 5;u 93 115 54 Maple sugar (made) pounds. . 20 402 Maple sirup (made) 863 38 1 1,707 25 49 56 3 95fi 325 g 214 136 57 pounds. . 1,936,541 177.125 5, 120 61,275 52,359 P'RTTTTS ANT) NTTTR Orchard fruits: 58 Total .trees 57,044 73, 436 64,316 43,572 117,760 105, 578 236, 861 336,552 59 bushels. . 11,063 40, 248 20, 459 11,581 30,017 11,415 40, 413 29,286 60 Apples . trees 39, 686 27, 145 36. 172 31,132 06,096 76,076 186,314 240,640 61 bushels. . 8,227 17,048 7,389 7,982 11,507 2,096 24.684 6,379 62 Peaches and nectarines .trees 1.945 29,744 15,865 1,729 29,847 16,877 30, 075 52,928 63 bushels.. 67 18,477 9,871 70 13,938 6,896 12, 595 19, 403 64 Pears .trees 1,715 5.510 2, 152 2,283 5,060 3,233 7,950 23,553 65 bushels.. 320 685 449 719 1,747 983 1.286 1,494 66 Plums and prunes .trees 2, 7.53 4,525 3,486 927 5,301 5, 404 3,100 8,510 67 bushels. . ISl 246 102 87 166 1,002 172 457 68 Cherries .trees 10,803 6,280 0, 987 7,427 10,672 3,481 8,527 10,523 69 bushels. . 2.265 3,780 2,624 2,716 2, 482 395 1,361 1,516 70 Quinces 91 34 165 51 6,52 391 848 303 71 bushels. . 2 6 16 7 175 39 314 37 72 Grapes . vines 8,521 5,4.55 10,271 8, 745 7,335 7,067 13,303 16,5,53 73 pounds.. 105,760 127,208 104, 7.59 68, 467 10.960 62, 890 83,701 155.976 Small fruits: 74 Total 7 .acres 31 39 30 29 57 71 13 241 75 quarts... 41,348 41,321 30, 857 28,814 84. 203 102,215 18, 075 343,564 76 Strawberries .acres 13 15 10 21 13 40 5 191 77 quarts... 21,434 17,. 348 10, 102 23, 435 35,991 70, 360 9,134 310,0.50 78 Raspberries and loganberries .acres. . .. 8 5 3 2 12 7 1 6 79 quarts... 8,(i09 5,007 2,617 787 17,484 9,3.57 744 3, ,503 80 Blackberries and dewberries .acres. . .. 7 10 14 1 23 10 5 28 81 quarts... 8,088 17,071 15,074 712 21.786 14,604 5,179 20,535 82 Nuts 348 265 991 67 1,145 30 34 22 83 pounds. . i,rm 7,255 6, 880 2, 6,50 7, 390 692 1,615 250 Table 5. SELECTED FARM EXPENSES 1 Labor Farms reporting 1,715 1,008 1,231 901 1,714 696 1,018 1,569 2 Cash expended .dollars. . 490, 4.56 253,224 289,414 317,191 405, 189 51,827 96, 6,52 146, 659 3 Rent and hoard furnished .dollars.. 201,596 54,03.3 83, 150 109, 4.54 107,539 9,231 27,042 31,476 4 Fertilizer.. Farms reporting 132 29 24 .52 40 462 .58 218 5 Amount expended .dollars. . 4,840 1,272 1,,390 5,100 4,416 15, 3(Hi 1,596 7,399 6 Feed Farms reporting 720 4.59 660 877 993 803 929 1,519 7 Amount expended .dollars. . 171,472 40. 437 64,808 216, 1,52 241,930 59,316 100.019 189, 478 8 Receipts from sale of feedable crops .dollars. . 1,890,818 1,777,744 2,007,433 222,214 2,276,669 129, 327 207,800 378,761 STATIISTICS OF AORICUiyj’URE 089 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: J 909— Continued. 1 2 3 •1 5 6 7 Ford. Franklin. Fulton. Gallatin. Orceiiu. Grundy. llaniillon. Hancock. Hardin. Henderson Henry. Iroquois. Jack.son. 5, 272, 957 4,901,850 4,500 232, 728 86, 821 21,181 25, 871 1, 301, 461 829, 490 19,532 232,683 147, 219 25,843 46, 694 5, 650, 830 4,522,392 25,356 723, 770 159,737 140,832 78, 743 1,550,741 1,313,805 9,582 114,919 67, 191 21,817 23, 427 3,206,145 2, 567,907 19,734 334, 867 100, 625 117,908 65, 104 3,774,569 3, 488, 722 3,616 209,740 53,351 5,328 13,812 1,359,868 864,692 40, 148 245, 132 97,230 37, 120 75,546 4.926,365 3,823, 112 24,548 749,309 139, 810 129, 835 59, 751 471, 629 316, 658 563 51,489 31,274 24,166 47,479 2, 124,501 1, 815, 909 2,982 204, 165 43, 4''3 30, 646 27,326 6, 236, 444 5,096, 109 11,975 8''9, 816 140,053 58,202 50,289 10,607,811 9, 795,841 11,415 464,328 211,061 68, i:i5 57,031 2,185,086 1,488,649 32,217 278,683 240,313 79, 747 65,477 8 234, 856 68, 525 224, 413 84, 078 126,016 174,935 84. 041 216,754 23, 003 104, 155 262, 332 499,952 106, 164 10,473,202 1,537,867 8, 099, 442 2,172,115 4.396,032 7,411,183 1,628,012 7,160,927 610, 682 3, 502, 355 10,592,401 20, 623, 551 2,334,580 141,112 57,0:i4 136, 864 51,592 80,524 108, 772 72,717 133,591 20, 987 70,266 171,565 28:1,806 54,602 6,689,380 1,353,298 5,820, 479 1,617,205 3, 499, 391 4,738,799 1, 432, 174 5,243,502 580,452 2, 665, H6 7,378,611 12, 079, 838 1,593,303 91, 220 3,669 33,090 3,580 5, 326 65,065 4,430 40, 779 656 18,951 82, 156 210, 688 4,459 3, 836,545 83,406 1, 194, 408 81,289 135, 366 2, 651, 692 99, 362 1,200, 847 11,397 572, 425 3,041,814 7, 839,046 94, 152 2,330 7,625 53,082 28, 872 847 837 6,832 40,035 * 1,360 12,9i8 4,937 3, 132 46,988 xo 45, 537 98,980 1,061,610 472, 966 758,367 15, 163 95, 328 681,093 18, 832 244, 160 95, 589 70,002 645,699 26 80 38 28 34 11 17 750 2,000 498 590 1,074 270 18 14 382 6 70 74 32 1,704 64 23 19 360 6,667 100 1; 494 1,488 714 43,885 1, 138 295 20 64 46 112 35 99 1,558 21 1, 182 850 1 488 * 461 1,637 23, 161 22 180 182 903 34 307 65 58 2,112 1,842 1,837 693 88 23 1,380 1,932 14,321 655 2,722 1,185 1,057 31,866 18, 167 29, 791 9,494 1,066 24 2,230 30 137 893 25 6 2 oa3 25 11,007 275 792 3,313 88 100 61 9, 394 26 17, 968 27,078 48,330 10, 897 26, 235 18,420 32, 762 55,643 5,312 15,407 59,565 38. 006 26, 123 Jtl 22, 794 26, 388 74. 839 12,288 41, 174 22,862 32,845 76,658 5,746 21,497 93, 201 44, 798 30, 855 28 17,312 23,360 44,480 9,926 24,858 13,382 29,636 54,240 4,72:1 15, 172 54,370 36, 229 20,933 29 21,302 21,876 68, 516 11,153 34,668 17,374 28, 598 73,604 4,878 20,786 81,371 42, 402 23,761 30 8,394 16,972 21, 873 4,404 11,954 6,268 21,203 28, 191 2,424 5,998 20, 132 18,086 8,811 31 10, 796 15,631 33, 947 4,889 15,993 8, 212 20,365 38,303 2, 424 8,503 30,593 21,305 9, 108 32 4,884 2,367 13,859 378 5,998 4,695 2,539 22,051 1,266 7,385 28, 474 9,758 2,373 33 5,879 2, 296 21, 796 398 8,688 6,226 2,545 29,801 1,310 10,068 42,341 11,720 2,808 34 3,826 875 8, 260 4,852 6,545 1,705 859 3, 776 666 1,677 5,216 6,908 8,868 35 4,301 833 11,689 5,414 9,338 2,095 915 5,042 681 2,065 7,534 7,455 10, 644 36 6 27 259 33 152 86 11 87 40 2 96 138 204 37 18 29 664 45 441 212 23 284 46 4 354 302 318 38 131 1,422 149 211 67 117 1,213 125 226 45 118 654 517 39 234 1,713 260 361 81 156 1,189 164 311 68 228 1,026 696 40 71 1,703 80 48 142 511 3,811 10 101 65 334 685 160 41 74 1,374 160 46 127 473 3,561 10 106 78 321 594 187 42 35 10 10 10 4,773 15 4 75 2,638 1,259 14 43 17 9 15 15 A, 908 12 2 88 3,863 1,107 13 44 28 3,464 50 5.86 80 43 640 25 444 11 37 28 4,349 45 59 4,110 60 705 142 42 621 25 632 14 121 40 5,436 46 593 238 3,790 385 1,287 222 2,471 1,378 141 149 2,520 490 827 47 1,416 393 6,248 430 6,349 538 3, 614 3,029 234 609 7,846 1,246 1,645 48 729 759 1,581 407 837 441 700 1,250 382 508 1,580 1,444 1,828 49 65,644 60,602 127,715 38,452 87, 102 38,070 54, 875 102,337 18,566 42,995 151,998 129, 259 145, 752 50 4 406 15 33 12 128 9 32 18 2 9 1,685 51 323 39,575 974 3,091 1,605 17 12, 436 664 2,202 1,465 116 398 161,668 52 1,321 1,005 976 1,083 763 643 805 906 356 313 1,273 3,336 1,342 53 3; 717 140 550 18 14 337 60 54 '585 20 4 100 55 1,435 30 140 6 7 135 56 68 1 137 1 100 2 57 25, 270 590 100 34,090 200 30 83,400 1,660 370 58 54, 304 215, 614 221, 029 49, 343 143, 577 26, 915 275, 426 270, 829 34,745 68, 388 99, 021 133, 571 191,921 59 20, 029 22, 976 156, 235 29, 123 128, 097 2, 646 43, 917 109, 734 37, 940 37, 486 41, 602 57, 526 68, 732 60 27,876 188,819 86.019 33,338 103,089 12,324 220,042 142,744 16,540 39,367 48,961 68,826 127, 732 61 8,836 13, 140 102, 122 19, 899 114, 106 739 19,241 89, 197 21,941 32,337 33,272 26, 747 39,046 62 15,064 22,111 89, 269 8,744 25, 282 5,438 37, 123 82,299 13,411 17,052 23,799 35, 172 41,729 63 6,619 8,957 42,801 6, 726 11,120 331 21,883 9,023 13,528 1,413 442 18,833 24, 459 64 1,485 1, 123 8,204 1,047 6,505 3,794 3,405 13,645 815 2,611 2, 646 7,925 13,633 65 305 334 2,640 569 1,688 942 814 3,274 879 791 649 1,910 2,953 66 1,908 1,490 16,298 2,532 3,986 1,634 4,372 16,449 1,872 4,442 8,300 4,357 4,985 67 117 375 2,286 1,287 351 11 1,224 2,281 725 1,062 1,193 239 1,629 68 7,906 1,903 20,588 1,417 4,442 3,666 3,783 14,684 1,611 4,857 15,090 16,968 3,466 69 4, 147 148 6,252 565 806 622 676 5,750 720 1,877 0,033 9,752 592 70 49 113 296 168 103 17 602 335 412 17 61 186 288 71 5 9 102 29 21 1 03 97 78 2 5 34 23 72 9,125 7,046 13, 722 6,843 6, 466 3,369 15,375 531,318 1,708 3,785 14,072 23, 107 13,600 73 100,429 61,400 182,907 61, 590 69, 773 27, 127 225, 721 1,906,366 25,365 34,626 165, 209 253,147 120,368 74 17 90 170 15 54 11 51 116 10 51 142 81 282 75 10,564 55, 760 167, 453 16. 360 68,711 11,398 51, 281 165, 688 10,647 67, 174 181,829 66, 715 262, 007 76 2 20 26 2 23 8 4 27 16 45 19 143 77 2,560 16, 840 30, 416 2,153 40, 128 7,736 3, 196 62, 137 322 39,383 80,478 18,701 148, 619 78 4 6 50 1 10 1 1 38 8 44 21 63 79 2,034 3,891 48, 432 817 8, 165 1,051 917 47, 624 194 7,571 40,652 14,324 52,379 80 7 40 81 10 17 2 16 39 9 26 38 29 67 81 3,509 22,575 78, 729 11,527 16, 675 1,910 16,323 51,984 9,029 19,925 48,843 25,396 53,888 82 237 53 312 2,583 369 67 150 458 1,098 356 250 8,668 1,769 83 2,120 3,210 2,266 3,980 3,310 1,470 6,330 3,245 45, 430 890 4,938 22,659 27, 477 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 1,234 822 2, 190 820 1,343 915 1,192 2, 101 330 757 1,829 2,424 1,296 2 307,003 51, 108 387,087 110,255 329, 708 205,526 58,228 327,070 30,623 193,312 443,131 541,802 144,305 3 104,208 15,016 100, 934 27, 148 68,960 68, 210 12, 146 83, 193 9,030 54,200 159, 415 158, 269 38,553 4 66 78 9 29 35 108 158 37 11 5 59 194 69 5 2,771 2,959 341 922 1,554 4,922 3,782 1,714 354 173 2,746 12,718 2,955 6 587 826 1,429 716 932 367 1,341 1,235 270 497 1,031 1,261 858 7 45,679 43,949 323,280 40,621 206, 289 65,092 72, 646 346,058 11,540 217,027 352, 188 98,066 53,351 8 2,924,401 92, 756 812. 442 277,641 320, 430 1, 785, 156 145, 407 892, 226 74,029 420, 533 1,563,768 5,484,938 102,399 690 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 4.— VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND Jasper. Jefferson. Jersey. Jo Daviess. Johnson. Kane. Kankakee. K!endall. VALUE OF ALL CROPS 1 Total .dollars. . . 1,801,961 1,807,737 2,009,284 2, "64, 066 1,129,554 3,928,086 5,032,515 2,723,457 2 Coroals .dollars... 1,070, 740 1,175,155 1,656,781 1,080,050 653,627 2,682,250 4,298,265 2,407,:i69 3 Other prains and seeds .dollars... 60,322 48,291 12,411 5,558 4,590 1,233 3,825 2,683 4 Hay and forage .dollars... 386,904 338, 364 191,437 812, 149 199,340 858,971 487,058 253,320 5 Vegetables .dollars... 112, 717 132,047 76,391 13", 798 95, 187 105,871 156,379 42,626 G Fniitsand nuts .dollars.. . 36, 470 40, 245 28,752 23,075 84,922 33, 485 27,667 8,210 7 All other crops .dollars.. . 128, 808 73,635 43,512 105,430 91,888 186, 270 59,321 9,249 SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals: 8 Total .acres 105,835 100,948 90, 137 94, 161 47,474 141, 493 247,985 123,779 9 bushels . . 2,046,327 2,254,233 2,654,571 3,432,495 1,223,728 5,549,731 9,240, 154 5,114,112 10 Coni .acres 77,982 84, 745 47, 827 53,951 39, 776 84,538 142, 701 70,285 11 bushels . . 1,547,597 2,009,755 1,876,213 2,163,448 1,118,278 3,321,214 5,419,601 2,961,411 12 Oats .acres 14,221 5,913 5,871 30,691 1,202 50, 626 98, 762 52,422 13 bushels . . 343,466 127,018 141,493 1,084,229 20,874 2,053,249 3, 710,003 2,128,085 14 Wheat .acres 13,140 10,046 36,389 1,215 6,427 2,088 3,681 973 15 bushels . . 149,847 114,764 036,314 22,592 83,959 53,960 73, 230 22,106 10 Emmer and spelt .acres .... 15 3 1 37 36 11 1 17 bushels . . 94 10 18 945 786 305 25 18 Barley 0 1 5 5,385 3, 219 24 89 19 bushels . . 70 6 75 129, 859 98; 530 569 2,300 20 Buckwheat .acres .... 9 8 59 52 518 21 bushels . . 60 70 1,001 925 7,280 22 Rye .acres .... 462 214 44 2 ; 823 09 934 2,281 9 23 bushels . . 5,193 1,859 450 30,421 017 21,067 29,034 185 Other grains: 24 Dry peas .acres 425 2,392 71 386 25 bushels . . 1,743 8^ 709 330 1,794 Hay and forage: 26 Total .acres 46, 146 46,558 15,862 61,890 19,623 49,047 43,281 17,823 o' tons 48,472 42,719 20, 120 85,507 22, 159 95, 670 50,780 24, 597 28 All tame or cultivated grasses .acres 41,878 40,328 14,934 58,003 15,992 42,007 30, 972 17,321 29 tons 42,292 36, 157 18, 779 80,232 16,800 74,015 37,674 23,596 30 Timothy alone acres 36,345 24, 847 6,347 30,007 7,946 18,933 20,905 7,388 31 tons 36,695 21,790 7,676 41,298 8,&59 31,908 25,438 9,659 32 Timothy and clover mixed acres 1,763 4,225 2,892 26,502 4,970 20, 218 8,032 9,221 33 tons 2,015 3,859 4,032 30, 770 5,023 35, 448 9,422 12,926 34 Clover alone acre5 379 371 5,570 1,111 1,705 1,840 554 613 35 tons 429 367 6,817 1,447 1,741 3,649 \ 701 753 36 Alfalfa acres 13 40 52 108 19 854 145 65 37 tons 39 37 180 334 29 2,661 493 223 38 Millet or Hungarian grass acres 253 3,049 34 42 346 154 477 18 39 tons 337 3,271 34 73 448 272 J 813 21 40 Other tame or cultivated grasses acres 3,123 7,796 39 293 1,006 68 . ..,y 859 16 41 tons 2, 777 6,833 40 310 900 77 807 14 ■12 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses acres 330 43 496 1,881 11,353 275 43 tons 326 39 634 2,960 10,862 309 44 Grains cut green acres 2,080 5,094 732 104 2,142 '266 105 11 45 tons 2,418 4,762 922 154 2,406 1,199 1C8 36 46 Coarse forage acres 1,858 1,093 196 3,227 1,489 4,833 851 216 47 tons 3,436 1,761 419 4,487 2,893 17,496 2,070 656 Special crops: 48 Potatoes acres 748 1,008 743 1,838 456 1,804 1,204 678 49 bushels . . 69, 880 85,088 69,022 182, 945 31,690 155,452 93, 123 53, 215 50 .acres 31 126 18 5 679 4 10 51 bushels . . 2, 140 11,224 1,822 255 64,265 255 1,428 52 All other vegetables .acres 742 1,238 467 682 822 987 1,384 iso 53 235 93 27 4 1,350 40 40 10 55 .gallons. . . 70 26 2 12 5W 56 .acres 3,358 79 5 57 pounds . . 947, 650 27, 161 2,557 Orchard fruits: 58 Total .trees 252, 191 473,236 117,085 49, 082 172, 990 44 , 870 46,709 27, 494 59 bushels . . 50, 691 39, 137 30, 730 13, 124 118,906 14,979 15,602 3,588 60 Apples .trees 202, 175 379, 750 83,528 35, 825 122,711 28,171 28,063 14,765 61 bushels . . 29', 614 9, 162 23; 327 11 ; 393 83,872 10,667 6,238 2, 152 62 Peaches and nectarines .trees 30,480 71,158 20,828 278 38,485 966 8,201 5,811 63 bushels . . 17,290 25,850 5,334 4 29,350 177 2,974 209 64 Pears . trees 3,984 8,542 4,201 1,020 5,240 2,211 1,431 1,378 65 bushels . . 1,577 2,297 1,100 246 3,554 785 271 203 66 Plums and prunes .trees 6,193 8,303 4,324 4,890 2, 138 1,510 1, 424 1,840 67 bushels . . 586 1,479 542 369 692 301 66 54 68 Cherries . trees 8,775 4,975 3,783 7,040 4,012 11,941 7,447 3,006 69 bushels . . 1,535 291 308 1,112 1,324 3,046 5,994 948 70 Quinces .trees 517 450 301 3 177 16 125 (>4 71 bushels . . 76 52 117 14 2 51 21 72 Grapes .vines 26,116 13,432 10,178 9,897 17,721 9,173 10,533 3,917 73 pounds . . 241,749 136,310 97, 912 38, 805 132,491 179, 770 111,883 51,230 Small fruits: 74 Total . acres 38 142 34 37 205 52 56 15 75 quarts . . . 32,719 81,526 30, 178 63,941 177,365 87, 172 73, 042 17,399 76 Strawberries 2 34 9 12 90 34 27 7 77 quarts . . . 2,900 40,154 13,479 41,083 92,515 66, 687 47,765 9, 802 78 Raspberries and loganberries .acres 1 13 5 11 20 4 15 4 79 quarts . . . 1,058 5, 125 4,855 10,584 10,006 3,388 11,619 2,485 80 Blackberries and dewberries .acres 24 71 17 12 92 2 11 2 81 quarts. . . 18,831 25, 140 9,061 10,016 70,396 3,060 11,138 2,014 82 Nuts .trees 76 305 2,50 269 541 179 242 364 83 pounds . . 4,020 8, 262 2, 555 3,057 26,320 3,130 3,340 1,855 Table SELE(TEI) FARM EXPENSES 1 Labor Farms reporting 1,042 1,391 997 1,088 675 1,433 1,269 763 2 Cash expended dollars. . 70, 493 93,355 170,333 179,050 73,, 550 593,690 309,610 191,203 3 Itont and l)oard furnished dollars.. 18,354 21,728 50,095 44,295 13, 786 203,842 112,006 72, 18;i 4 Fertilizer . . Fanns reporting 34 116 40 52 94 87 421 29 5 Amount expended dollars. . 738 2,636 2,330 858 3,549 6,418 30, 967 2,007 0 Feed Farms reporting 1,195 1,512 711 058 600 1, 195 581 220 7 Amount expended dollars. . 87,363 88, 992 93,956 73, 240 2,5,012 327,3.52 (H), ,5;t6 27,651 8 Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars. . 243, 930 155,938 181,238 161,716 141,587 449,516 2,314,337 1,228,452 STATISTICS 01^’ AGRICULTURE 691 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF PRTNCIPAU CROPS, RY (BOUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kno.\. La Salle. Lake. Lawrence. Lee, Livinnston. Lofian. McDon- ough. Mellcnry. Mclyean. Macon. Macoupin. Madison. 5, 146, 135 4,190,537 16,677 639,788 128,341 86,448 84,344 10, 222, 235 9,044,498 6,260 802, 857 247, 674 44,460 76, 486 2, 392, 597 1,222, 242 2,837 850,965 170,335 35,256 110,962 1,701,015 1,360,872 16,990 194, 899 89, 416 13,393 25,445 6,378,794 4,397,607 23,984 727,227 158,355 30, .531 41,090 11,377,297 10,678,861 18,258 396, 835 165, 435 48,032 69,876 6,411,272 5,842,373 6,968 275,657 125,140 66,521 94,613 4,385,419 3,780,900 11,399 397, 268 91,321 75,672 28,859 3,432,771 2,290,112 4,658 8’2,581 182, 4.59 22,458 60,503 12, 811, 506 11,480,655 8,714 694,684 2’0, 661 121,062 235, 730 5,986,350 5,341,789 22, 356 326, 755 155,624 86,908 52,858 4, 866, 433 3,939,451 31,293 624, 2114 144, 805 55, 569 71,081 4,857,437 3,614,917 9,010 53.5,123 514,136 61,912 122,339 8 216,289 428,401 70,960 83,822 249, 822 513, 143 280, 549 194,535 134,764 518, 690 250,552 238, 996 214,517 9 8, 195, 290 20,381,313 2,366,243 2,365,360 9,351,982 22, 751, 861 11,115,366 7, 109, 163 4, 697, 174 23, 612,066 10, 462, 445 6,958,347 5, 123,084 10 137,958 270,329 38, 478 54, 766 150, 609 291, 296 172,6,59 126,225 84,017 3.30,554 167,957 143,516 88,457 11 5,754,965 13,439,327 1,143,622 1,783,157 5,903,154 13,4.52,315 7,836,703 5,329,024 3,029,609 16,001,358 7,6.51,541 4,954,048 2,836,178 12 52, 705 155,064 27,079 7,709 93, 780 216,635 63,972 31,786 41, 487 176, ’69 61,520 31,066 19,185 13 1,876,959 6,879,858 1,083,208 178, 238 3,332,887 9, 205,001 2, 419, .378 1,067,090 1,421,143 7,363,942 2,396, 675 904, .594 372,027 14 23,561 2,778 1,892 21,217 3,142 4,981 43, 819 .34,365 1,289 11,046 20,980 6;i,688 106,6,58 15 525, 707 56,658 41,971 402,403 72,428 90,903 857,349 668, 229 27,516 241,051 412,402 1,097,472 1,911,497 16 32 4 61 4 3 9 14 114 127 25 1 17 360 no 2,028 100 80 315 410 2,510 4,640 685 50 8 18 1,235 67 2,898 819 21 20 1,368 7,082 68 46 5 3 19 25,425 1,208 84,877 20,910 440 520 31,930 201,445 1,895 792 86 55 20 3 2 61 3 51 2 126 112 6 10 21 18 10 888 25 475 40 1,892 1,793 100 47 22 795 157 488 123 1,418 195 61 '547 '648 228 42 121 204 23 11,856 4,142 9,519 1,427 22,048 2,745 896 8,388 11,008 3,127 880 1,547 3,272 24 335 1 25 60 25 2 1 1,728 4 90 247 26 43,265 51,894 56,234 17, 898 56, 975 28,381 19, 459 28,587 59,682 45, 154 24, 307 56,042 48,356 27 62, 306 74, no 91, 100 20, 291 77, 131 37,440 27, 645 43,593 91,781 67, 857 33,274 71, 402 59,343 28 42,929 50,177 43,680 16, 778 48,255 27,855 19,350 28,370 49,342 42,985 23,751 52,089 38,992 29 61,412 70,819 67,918 18,540 63,615 36,067 27,260 42,667 75,826 59,385 32,016 62,324 44,229 30 19,848 25,133 20,879 12,990 17, 413 13,592 8,750 13,476 24,278 24,252 11,079 28, 189 22, 581 31 27,835 34, 703 29,329 14, 291 22, 418 19,075 12,657 19,985 35, 389 34, 208 15,447 32,438 24,349 32 15,258 21,164 13,109 1,380 28,181 6,580 2,412 9,805 20, 613 8,990 3,411 10,959 1,995 33 22,267 30,418 19,083 1,624 37, 746 8,229 3,399 15, 132 31,423 12,079 4,592 13,949 2,310 34 7,401 3,317 1,122 1,165 1,997 7,070 8,082 4,852 1,964 8,791 8,263 12,672 14,034 35 10,488 4,438 1,917 1,383 2,551 7,522 10,962 7,211 3,233 10,944 10,527 15,604 16,934 36 134 233 4,649 26 68 271 70 48 1,543 419 140 40 178 37 363 716 12,962 63 142 705 174 108 4,274 950 365 74 381 38 192 196 608 292 187 230 36 62 367 516 287 190 176 39 305 363 1,010 391 304 446 68 98 728 1,183 514 215 219 40 96 134 3,313 925 409 112 127 577 17 571 39 28 41 154 181 3,617 788 454 90 133 779 21 571 44 36 42 19 1,016 81475 32 3,997 87 9,404 88 34 43 22 1,125 10, 265 30 4,032 90 12,429 60 21 44 65 61 '274 778 31 31 39 84 169 66 49 712 2,685 45 84 270 445 973 48 84 226 271 250 150 55 903 3,015 46 252 632 3,799 310 4,692 408 70 133 767 2,015 507 3,241 6,645 47 788 1,876 12,391 748 9,436 1,199 159 655 3,276 8,262 1,203 8,175 12,078 48 1,283 2,146 2, 149 535 2,058 1,556 1,275 817 2,097 2,088 1,215 1,317 8,174 49 114,866 193,648 195,569 55,532 180,500 126,765 120,018 86,005 214,336 189,841 92,487 122,941 670,613 50 2 2 9 2 6 28 4 1 12 36 16 no 51 154 241 2,123 199 432 2,741 234 129 897 2,601 1,439 12,582 52 700 1,401 761 1,049 844 1,096 674 476 3,089 1,906 2,274 802 1,797 53 2,054 40 202 240 721 596 70 54 811 10 30 140 30 55 1, 129 3 73 230 203 423 55 56 ' 127 17 1 50 133 39 3 57 85,000 50 6,790 1,200 21, 645 104,000 29,000 2,000 58 136. 405 no, 000 63,420 132, 739 71,460 103,526 85,476 141,753 49, 183 180,486 115,784 223,612 240. 280 59 72, 600 16,901 27,068 12,530 7,984 31,742 68, 277 86,415 10,327 93, 052 57, 062 51,619 31,542 60 60,477 54,432 50,058 105,596 42,163 44,668 35,985 75, 194 34, 619 71,809 47,096 122,433 139,777 61 55, 159 7,370 23,091 2,630 4,724 Hi 157 36,370 62,709 7,839 39,669 24,951 28,762 14,977 62 38,751 21,231 1,306 19,091 3,841 25,836 30,078 41,769 279 51,399 39,928 42,573 56,258 63 6,532 2,063 32 7,960 42 9,756 26,541 16, 780 6 29,070 25,476 14,535 9,808 64 7,237 5,155 3,193 1,746 1,710 5,773 3,437 5,051 2, 190 19,974 5,510 37,278 17,970 65 1,196 837 1.610 772 120 1,326 640 968 652 4,622 1,287 4,400 3,341 66 14,275 11,460 1,565 3,735 10,833 7,683 6, 101 8,695 2,716 11,054 9,309 10, 780 13,558 67 1,784 442 so 661 322 754 666 1,424 151 914 779 1,932 1,442 68 15,488 17,362 7,193 2,248 12, 792 19,053 9,374 10,685 9,224 25,257 13,352 8,573 8,088 69 7,919 6,146 2,228 432 2,776 8,687 3,948 4,524 1,669 18,623 4,466 1,561 642 70 53 148 31 297 80 231 210 36 136 445 388 1,845 4, 135 71 8 30 5 73 30 100 5 8 136 102 421 1,318 72 8,887 53,457 12,736 3,120 16,836 24,674 28,452 9,029 8,45.5 41,413 23,000 27, 170 72,306 73 160,815 320,588 130,645 50,215 209,972 275,731 219,035 124,232 36, 162 488,667 226,327 218,085 478,039 74 183 90 60 16 116 54 490 75 40 269 293 90 202 75 180,626 110,533 60,643 8,319 136,347 55,588 85,585 86,498 71,372 262,281 303, 992 101,158 254, 157 76 60 31 18 2 71 20 335 34 25 75 145 30 63 77 73,305 54,887 20,587 815 96,840 23,287 35, 183 48,775 47,008 103,595 152,675 61,244 127,972 78 53 32 10 2 20 14 117 15 8 73 06 6 42 79 38,603 23,594 16,725 682 14,323 15,161 12,721 10,937 14,840 48,787 81,024 3,487 42,947 80 55 15 5 4 18 11 29 24 5 97 68 44 78 81 55,009 20,328 4,065 2,554 17,346 9,613 29,600 24,773 6,702 90,656 55,683 29, 157 52,222 82 226 1,533 647 10 2,341 796 213 42 238 6.340 7,900 106 529 83 1,178 7,405 6,415 20 14,964 11,415 880 50 3,751 23,465 3,750 1,111 10,792 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES; 1909— Continued. 1,676 2,772 1,338 816 1.655 2,340 1,595 1,429 1.748 3,161 1,743 2,373 2,636 420,286 731,861 396,793 113,767 370,977 507,127 449,754 286,025 413,522 956,930 455,960 329,219 466,755 110,046 236,381 184,734 29,434 121,869 158,677 138,239 77,789 163,061 266,685 135,052 94,878 193,999 25 172 79 155 182 93 106 13 51 160 46 79 272 2,386 10,638 6,791 4,077 8,260 4,794 4,659 793 2,044 14,611 4,064 3,780 8,649 '876 1,014 1,141 727 782 935 693 1,041 1,551 1,585 939 1,876 1.851 209, 750 161,339 195,946 62, 175 109,994 71,244 58,214 287,205 277,160 282,806 96,397 355,309 186,882 1,273,502 4,926,760 187,210 336,945 2,077,496 5,944,461 2,738,205 850,324 164,696 5,883,226 2,820,110 529,879 226,786 692 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 1.— VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND Marion. Marstiall. Mason. Massac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Montgom- ery. VALUE OF ALL CROPS 1 Total 1,946,301 3,037,730 3, 586, 196 903,054 2,555,316 3, 525, 524 2,072,504 4,144,903 2 Coroals .dollars . . 1,296,929 2,748,028 3,267,410 579, 453 2,271,130 2,844,867 1,692,413 3,286,261 3 Othor grains and si«ds • dollars . . 38,940 2,893 43,380 12,839 4,353 6,403 11,784 14 ; 839 4 I lay and forage 294,688 242,988 107,331 152,738 162,856 497, 781 146,007 603,154 5 Vegetables .dollars .. 132,955 52,578 55,527 67,750 51,827 76,393 155 ; 923 128; 309 6 Fruits and nnts 68, 797 22,172 39,428 50,052 43, 842 36,494 18, 432 7i;585 7 All otlicr crops -dollars .. 113,992 19,071 13,114 40, 222 21,308 63,586 47 ; 345 40', 757 SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals: 8 'I'otal .acres 108,787 141, 170 201,967 38,879 113,692 143,701 103,212 211,060 9 bushels.. 2,442,166 5,958,837 5,354,312 912,776 4, 124, 177 5,813,375 2,138,043 6,068,296 U) Com .acres 81,364 85,095 108, 872 24,031 66, 803 106,655 25,033 124,889 11 bushels. . 1,910,480 3,682,624 3,449,750 701,949 2,863,165 4,640,937 894,414 4,119,053 12 Oats .acres 13, 798 53, 350 23,020 1,187 19, 109 31,956 5,549 41,552 13 bushels. . 318, 8SK) 2,229,299 673,019 22,047 693, 840 1,074,382 102,905 1,142,630 14 Wheat .acres 13, 540 2,670 09,127 13,386 27,695 2,829 71,790 44, 113 15 bushels. . 211,333 45,877 1,219,036 187,111 565,691 60,240 1,136,207 800,285 Ifi Emmer and spelt .acres 145 5 45 2 22 17 bushels. . 2, 636 100 850 32 320 18 Barley .acres 20 106 5 38 1 99 19 bushels. . 000 3,246 64 860 26, 722 2,513 20 Buckwheat .acres 2 21 bushels.. 22 22 Rye .acres 72 35 691 208 42 872 139 479 23 bushels. . 1,176 437 6,625 1,535 515 10, 108 1,966 5,902 Other grains: 24 Dry peas .acres 1,043 6, 523 979 20 10 25 bushels. . 3 ; 206 30,300 3,713 85 56 Hay and forage: 26 Total .acres 43,280 17,342 15,316 14,234 11,525 36,749 15,298 57,781 27 tons 38, 367 23,637 17,545 15,312 16,375 52,643 17,049 64, 541 28 All tame or cultivated grasses .acres 30,944 17,157 8,623 11,505 11,071 35,804 14,746 55,439 29 tons 31,535 23,328 10,473 12, 195 15,650 50,004 16,046 59,322 30 Timothy alone .acres .... 23,282 8,754 3,120 3,801 4,841 15, 250 3, 296 39,766 31 tons 19,822 12,167 3,865 3,998 6, 792 21,903 4,541 40,847 32 Timothy and clover mixed .acres 2,915 5,839 3,457 3,799 2,036 15, 820 440 8,538 33 tons 2,525 7,797 4,143 3,976 2,943 22,019 559 9,951 34 Clover alone .acres 330 2,399 1,995 2,311 4,054 4,620 10,027 6,774 35 tons 321 2,944 2,367 2,842 5,504 6,458 10,138 8,015 30 Alfalfa .acres 27 104 11 28 89 43 315 51 37 tons 26 304 40 29 290 124 745 147 38 Millet or Himgarian gi-ass .acres 2,242 61 30 21 51 50 66 280 39 tons 2, 445 116 43 31 61 85 62 339 40 Other tame or cultivated grasses .acres 8,148 10 1,545 2 30 41 tons Ci 396 15 i;3i9 15 1 23 42 Wild, salt, or prairie grasses .acres '124 83 137 25 400 467 1 14 43 tons 79 UK) 208 22 600 852 4 28 44 Grains cut green .acres 4,135 35 6,550 2,156 54 18 47 400 45 tons 4,318 29 6,804 2,506 125 26 57 632 46 Coarse forage 2,077 548 460 504 1,928 47 tons 2,435 180 589 1,161 942 4 ; 559 Special crops: 48 Potatoes .acres 931 529 413 426 554 895 1,377 1,086 49 bushels . . 81, 466 47,903 38,073 33,052 53,026 71,760 191,483 99,302 50 Sweet potatoes and yams .acres.... 03 3 58 86 7 11 11 31 51 bushels . . 4,208 189 5,055 8,758 514 851 745 2,646 52 All other vegetables .acres.... 1, 462 281 471 918 3S7 473 252 687 MaDle trees 830 15 714 129 54 Maple sugar (made) 520 50 Maple sirup (made) 278 5 301 22 513 Broom com 1 170 6 1 i 57 pounds . . 69,475 1,800 251 256 256 IP'PTTTTS NTTTS Orchard fruits: 58 Total 915,750 38, 403 49,604 70, 113 59,042 83,911 61,393 250, 496 59 bushels. . 63, 119 17,708 38,374 74,954 45,408 29, 185 10,949 62,280 60 Apples .trees 622, 234 18, 157 20, 701 44,475 26,628 41,905 32,719 160, 484 61 tmshels.. 14,243 11,920 20, 220 49, 272 25,009 23, 454 5,440 33,802 62 Peaches and nectarines .trees 177,474 10,326 20,834 17,072 22,699 21,453 20,317 58,755 63 bushels.. 17, 281 2,737 14,844 18, 402 17, 161 139 4,393 23, 103 64 Pears .trees 103,638 1,897 1,285 4,431 2,221 2,834 2,250 8,326 65 bushels.. 29,767 200 199 5,940 867 441 302 1,744 00 Plums and prunes .trees 7,000 2,582 2,616 1,859 3,576 8,111 3,531 12,387 67 bushels. . 1,351 192 501 534 622 1,250 627 1,440 68 Cherries trees 4,829 5,323 4,041 2,027 3,748 9,495 2,362 9,816 69 bushels. . 410 2,592 2,593 067 1,655 3,828 169 2,114 70 Quinces .trees 550 76 80 218 69 56 101 585 71 bushels. . 67 15 57 13 61 4 75 72 Grapes .vines 6,531 8,059 6,134 7, .594 5,500 9,521 46,694 25,442 73 poimds. . 104,995 77,310 57,699 57,349 62,(i03 91,093 329,265 246,256 Small fruits: 74 Total .acres 249 26 33 103 59 66 11 92 75 quarts... 280,474 23,942 26,604 138,415 73,756 84, 347 11,386 107,309 76 Strawberries .acres 166 8 10 95 16 22 4 22 77 quarts... 228,332 9,235 9,060 130,999 31,847 52,035 3,412 35,525 78 Raspberries and loganberries 7 8 4 1 12 14 13 79 quarts.. . 9,173 6,417 2,839 770 14,781 12,433 12 15,563 80 Blackberries and dewberries .acres 65 9 12 6 29 28 5 45 81 quarts. . . 30, 122 7,268 10,720 5,916 25, 107 18,498 4,521 45,402 82 Nuts 305 1.33 316 482 28 241 1,210 826 83 pounds. . 3,865 200 1,923 11,164 405 3,115 7,315 9,519 Table 5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES A 1 Labor Farms reporting 1,231 117,414 2 Gash expended 3 Rent and board furnished dollars. . 26,007 4 Fertilizer. . Farms reporting Amount expended Feed Farms reporting 186 5 (i dollars. . 5,520 1,410 7 Amount expenflod dollars. . 99 ; 707 8 Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars.. 195,647 877 1,228 655 781 1,217 1,006 1,8,53 192, ,536 21)8,941 58,048 231,461 270, 290 142,330 258,831 48,577 69,926 11,. 589 62,815 86,666 57,383 75, 441 25 58 75 7 30 02 73 1,911 4, .592 1,070 367 1,375 1,841 3,00,5 387 646 354 368 834 717 1,266 64,965 59,601 16, 426 101,222 340,042 45,398 171,096 1,181,072 1,116,096 118,037 466,258 766, 050 32,093 754,893 STATISTICS OF AGRK^ULTURE 693 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF PI11N(TPAL CROPS, RY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Morgan. Moultrio. Ogle. l*coria. Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope. I’ulaskl. Putnam. Kandolph. Uichland. Hock I.sland. 4 , 695, 626 4, 161,828 13,939 270, 640 130,393 58, 209 60,517 2,788,818 2,319,852 13,491 191,315 65,084 27,645 171,431 5,327,453 4,269,777 22, 259 759,035 208,969 24,825 42,588 4,480,392 3,422,386 13,300 591,124 192,361 100,637 154,. 584 1, 200, 385 826,577 52, 186 135,142 102,332 25,843 58,305 4, 366, 082 3,976,758 5,398 244,078 68, 442 26,588 44,820 4, 569, 131 3,576,055 33,508 520,877 135,527 125,374 177,790 912,613 577,756 5,512 147,275 74,677 44,766 62,627 1, 076, 587 562,224 8,047 117,608 145,682 186, 116 56,910 1, 083, 398 917,319 2,441 104, 147 32,319 10,870 16,302 2,433,694 1,899,9.59 38,393 275, 182 118,380 34, 770 67,010 1, 406, 436 804,303 111,701 299,741 82,976 60,862 46,8.53 2,447, 691 1,628,115 3,408 482,308 186,690 80,548 66,622 8 194.442 128,207 255,378 177, 298 83,797 196,914 192,411 48, 620 35,975 45,675 138, 632 67, 174 89, 632 9 7, 628, 900 4, 657, 297 9,444,557 6, 505, 091 1,361,223 7, 929, 182 6, 089, 673 1,055,964 933, 424 1,958,865 2,501,992 1, 564, 553 3, 266, 037 10 128,348 89,696 137,621 109, 408 41,007 125,424 116,154 39,203 24,542 29,372 44,532 49,261 62,994 11 5,894,885 3,516,250 5, 179,383 4,319,131 876, 226 5,604,499 4,766,367 925,753 738,542 1,329,073 1, 180, 427 1,222,054 2,532,357 12 26, 205 31,670 112,661 47,209 9,8:13 57, 120 11,992 2, 166 1, 409 14,740 10,359 8,532 17,963 13 940,092 1,013,913 4,142,213 1,780,630 194,817 2,028,202 275,868 37,295 26,966 603,789 204,270 232,851 576,953 14 39,503 6,833 992 19,957 32,730 14,270 63,859 7,142 9,986 1,440 83,363 9, 130 3, 173 15 787,981 126,962 22,765 393,634 287,981 295,237 1,042,093 92,319 167,316 24,083 1,112,347 106,934 66, 195 16 34 12 22 21 6 57 17 896 404 676 391 120 1,095 18 6 3,289 178 2 80 2 5 10 160 1,768 19 126 87, 622 4,295 28 970 1,034 40 107 230 2, 194 38^ 088 20 46 14 3 2 2 702 21 750 240 14 30 8 10, 489 22 .352 2 757 512 209 17 325 42 33 107 181 251 2; 975 23 5,036 46 11,420 6,485 1,793 260 3,742 420 493 1,570 2, 100 2,714 40,860 24 101 7,581 310 221 2,342 1,025 25 847 40 , 293 1,344 1;068 9; 513 4,327 26 20,951 14,954 63,221 37,486 16,233 18,661 45,365 16, 870 8,652 7,195 23,926 35,246 33, 623 27 28,915 20, 447 84, 237 54, 777 14, 773 25, 188 56, 766 17,291 11, 408 10,457 28, 778 39, 466 51, 591 28 20,440 14,879 59,318 36,718 14,064 18,457 44,703 15, 146 7,699 7,099 21,733 31,841 28, 127 29 28,302 20,325 75,704 50,918 11,874 24,695 55,898 14,961 10,093 10,243 25,630 34,400 42,815 30 11,083 6,078 24,608 17,445 10,434 6,719 21,897 5,424 3, 161 4,408 7,688 19,678 10,887 31 14,883 8,662 32,112 23,377 8,378 9,601 27,893 5,255 3,991 6,371 8,313 21,969 17,433 32 3, 156 2,054 31,687 12,297 601 3,487 15,200 5,131 1,803 1,729 774 1,106 14,809 33 4,392 2,817 39,921 16,893 635 5,093 18,076 5,012 2,359 2,336 955 1,229 21,998 34 5,940 6,364 2,345 6,168 2,045 5,386 7,331 2,153 2,391 804 12,773 274 2, 137 35 8,370 8,116 2,693 8,652 1,921 6,904 9,282 2,353 3,022 1,150 15,562 379 2,969 36 159 82 70 495 2 63 162 24 146 120 109 22 28 37 482 260 195 1,543 5 186 493 21 430 296 294 29 69 38 93 297 217 263 465 161 113 697 129 35 320 429 91 39 161 458 376 408 507 221 154 829 199 86 422 543 137 40 7 4 391 50 517 2,641 1,717 69 3 69 10,332 175 41 14 12 407 45 428 2,690 1,491 92 4 84 10,251 209 42 77 685 106 50 12 100 57 38 2 147 4,737 43 110 887 178 45 18 68 45 3 140 6‘ 499 44 8 12 83 103 1,964 3 21 858 729 13 1,767 1,370 119 45 8 6 95 515 2, 478 3 21 984 928 17 2,163 1,505 152 46 426 63 3,135 559 155 189 541 866 167 45 424 1,888 640 47 495 116 7,551 3, 166 376 472 779 1.346 332 152 982 3, 421 2,125 48 1,070 361 2,226 1,733 764 570 1,278 470 888 325 1,243 659 2,246 49 107,629 32,947 210,929 136,611 80,269 47,844 101,404 27,804 51, 573 26, 189 121,024 68,397 206,808 50 17 17 10 17 74 12 18 123 735 59 20 4 51 2,007 795 1,190 1,459 8,384 626 1,601 10,959 76,685 8 6,527 1,281 402 52 810 438 2,494 1,513 613 482 1,000 606 1,662 185 504 460 801 S3 75 123 260 538 36 540 55 174 9 S4 25 12 ' 5 10 55 30 50 80 234 10 188 15 65 2 56 9 3,439 79 606 1 6 31 17 24 4 57 6, 400 2, no; 432 50 32,640 498,000 950 2,432 24,500 6,070 13,925 4,000 58 128,337 60,574 79,021 118,401 117,433 53,118 296,792 98,206 78,672 21,427 92,312 428, 161 109,342 59 52,313 28,431 10,590 104,342 22,066 25,325 191,796 81,543 86,032 8,764 35,378 67,249 42,032 60 66,143 34,081 50,428 49,291 90, 168 26,426 227,296 51,090 44,605 10,605 51,429 388,125 52,686 61 30,195 11,993 6,783 81,878 11,518 10,888 167,002 46,735 55,632 5,448 20,332 56,750 33,544 62 37,433 15,944 • 3,224 28,830 16,121 14,677 43,929 40,069 9,868 5,695 23, 138 24,120 26,639 63 17,364 13,8.55 116 11,228 7,401 10,115 17,776 31,286 10,624 1,807 12,593 7,170 186 64 6,849 2,067 4,115 9,031 6,893 2,027 6,380 2,056 20,557 1,249 8,670 6,281 4,863 65 1,722 541 647 965 2,433 552 2,534 2,011 18,684 186 1,101 1,821 813 66 8,482 3,324 8,353 13,166 2,312 2,676 9,170 2,355 1,677 1,419 4,911 4,706 10,219 67 613 354 357 1,531 548 135 1,011 866 522 160 872 697 1,810 68 8,733 4,919 12,742 17,816 1,694 7,110 8,993 2,247 1,781 2,405 3,283 4,343 14,824 69 2,343 1,669 2,667 8,690 151 3,594 3,304 569 493 1,160 329 710 5,678 70 390 168 78 95 215 128 811 313 160 43 607 558 36 71 62 IS 7 28 14 23 151 62 48 1 115 95 1 72 1.5,690 6,6.32 9,384 100,987 7,6.34 9,088 12,0.80 9,025 39,886 2,675 16,444 8,083 32,532 73 17.3, 042 92,278 96,979 567,503 56,598 116,562 134,375 67,548 211,568 35,365 117,358 44,404 262,587 74 101 17 57 148 55 33 91 17 1,430 7 63 29 212 75 156, 112 16,097 73,729 182, 499 56,209 29,285 85,232 11,769 2,152,025 8,842 56,908 30,318 401,556 70 49 4 26 37 19 14 28 6 1,267 3 17 13 82 77 82,086 2,491 45,310 72,992 23,754 10,953 27, 446 5,851 1,941,779 4,465 25,059 13,0.30 225,647 78 9 5 15 50 1 4 16 1 109 5 4 71 79 11,122 4,909 10,876 32,324 498 5,044 9,576 652 1.52,906 685 3,880 4,080 86,800 80 37 5 12 45 22 12 45 8 53 3 27 7 47 81 56,543 6,402 12,045 58,907 21,382 10,239 45,560 4,552 56,215 2,795 20,969 7,628 69,886 82 125 497 426 491 112 51 642 582 160 201 3,027 56 170 83 1,215 1,700 5,186 11,437 10,908 620 4,925 14,983 4,180 2,650 24,570 220 1,800 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 1,675 963 1,802 1,534 722 986 2,191 711 832 324 1,714 922 997 2 457,219 229,646 415,721 330,451 49,237 340, 107 375,150 53,925 143,258 81,056 159,132 70, 748 214,021 3 98,531 54,160 149,858 98,074 14,604 80,371 68,733 18,647 19,905 30,8.39 66,701 11,677 61,374 4 60 14 61 36 94 40 51 309 72 9 89 410 26 5 2,995 646 3,679 3,310 3,132 8,402 1,885 9,209 2, 125 628 3,348 10, 127 1,462 6 970 392 751 788 701 449 1,557 754 453 164 1,197 981 830 7 329,016 29,462 176,512 93,748 29,964 58,331 326,594 31,542 19,581 19,982 70, 4.80 77,821 171,302 8 1,223,905 1,145,731 1,486,104 1,248,591 54,038 1,922,183 455,807 143,847 107,833 434,400 62,070 141,401 369,334 75100°— 13 45 694 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table 4.— VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND PRINCIPAL CLASSES THEREOF, AND St. Clair. Saline. Sangamon. Schuyler. Scott. Shelby. Stark. Stephen- son. VALUE OF ALL CROPS 1 Total 4,761,122 1, 363, 656 7, 458,942 2, 579, OH 1, 782, 674 4,380,769 2, 417, 177 3, 643, 588 2 Cereals . .dollars. . 3, 488, 491 890,071 6,419,931 2,092,579 1,560,993 3,325,398 2,092, 700 2,647,340 3 Other grains and .seeds . .dollars. . 28, 129 9,093 68,617 20,519 5,311 24,553 4,725 12,947 4 Hay anil forage . .dollars. . 405, 353 270,622 489,594 201,348 116,690 637,891 234, 788 813,933 5 Vegetables . .dollars. . 689,. 389 97,821 232,361 82,464 51,891 126,042 43, 401 186,061 0 Fruits luul nuts . . dollars . . 67,770 56, 134 104,982 49,602- 29, 090 04,454 22, 472 28,014 7 All other crops . .dollars. . 81,984 39,915 143,457 06, 499 18,099 202, 431 19,031 55,293 SELECTED CROPS (acres and quantity) Cereals; 8 Total 199. 108 73, 633 323, 523 105, 146 73, 531 224, 845 99, 268 161,625 9 bushels. . 4.685.968 1, 605, 877 12,284,955 3, 315, 670 2,652,448 6, 565, 530 4,385,727 5,354, 153 10 Corn . ilcres .... 63,093 54,916 215, 064 58,014 46,389 152,232 64, 780 83,252 11 bushels. . 2, 205, 178 1, 289, 217 9, 1.55, 739 2,306,783 2, 122, 691 4,828,519 3,010,737 2,878,088 12 Oats 20,959 5, 759 60, 294 6,930 2, 462 50,558 31,626 67,316 lo bushels. . 457, 703 123,521 2, 142, 634 217, 940 70,620 1,395,273 1, 319, 176 2,230,344 14 Wheat .acres.. . . 114.907 12, 937 47,441 39, 724 24, 293 21, 293 2,643 788 15 bushels. . 2,021,081 192,859 984, 456 783,221 454,388 334, 150 51,937 16,700 10 30 5 46 10 32 17 bushels. . 290 125 1, 326 231 822 18 Barley .acres 15 38 55 26 is 112 8,893 19 bushels. . 561 767 1,196 395 175 2,241 209,520 20 .acres 1 40 21 bushels. . 10 10 927 22 Rye .acres.. . . 103 21 81 376 301 737 97 1,304 23 bushels. . 1,123 280 1,234 5,183 4,354 7,207 1,395 17, 152 Other grains: 24 . acres .... 14 137 2 25 60 571 1 30 9 Hay and forage: 20 Total . acres .... 35. 336 26, 024 38, 787 20,727 10, 197 59,767 15,049 60,054 27 tons 38, 377 30, 064 51,038 29, 129 13,399 67,376 22, 759 90,365 2S All tame or cultivated grasses .acres 34,613 23,721 38,210 18,525 8,469 58,675 14,978 53,355 29 tons 36, 886 26, 931 49,024 26,494 11,718 64,317 22,597 78,665 30 Timothy alone .acres. . . . 11,058 13,632 16, 702 8,650 3,971 38,422 6,402 25,872 31 tons 12,332 15,478 20,812 12,673 5,562 40, 526 9,564 39, 139 32 Timothy and clover, mLxed .acres. . . . 790 5,208 8,940 4,429 2,121 11,878 6,089 24,310 33 tons 958 5,648 11,036 6,394 2,892 13,592 9,169 34,336 34 Clover alone .acres 22, 331 3,014 11,846 5,190 2,140 7,905 2,421 2,726 35 tons 22,959 3,597 15, 585 6,986 2,689 9,642 3,727 4,373 30 Alfalfa 84 12 410 70 169 71 16 84 37 tons 193 19 1,059 195 469 128 42 275 38 Millet or nungarian grass 223 788 278 121 28 275 50 112 39 tons 323 993 504 178 46 330 95 190 40 1,007 28 65 40 124 251 41 1, 196 28 68 GO 99 352 42 .acres. . , . 1.*^ 25 30 S 1,603 43 tons 14 75 45 12 2,453 44 Grains cut green 297 1,022 184 9 23 290 37 27 45 tons 352 1,359 239 11 31 200 75 30 40 Coarse forage .acres 413 1,281 393 2, 168 1,675 802 26 5,069 47 tons 1,124 1,774 1,175 2,549 1,605 2,799 75 9, 217 Special crops: 48 I’otatoes .acres 7,079 586 2,038 604 401 1,095 539 2,274 49 bushels. . 820, 743 47,488 185,617 54,451 37,858 84,290 50,296 242,117 60 Sweet potatoes and yams .acres 52 134 57 5 18 18 1 1 51 bushels. . 6,035 13,119 5,721 408 1,427 1,526 37 59 52 AH other vegetables .acres 3,701 776 1,351 546 482 881 174 1,779 53 .number. . 100 3,429 10 286 15 3,114 54 135 '412 20 595 .gallons. . . 40 1,065 12 64 15 1,083 50 1 1 3 6 4,833 57 pounds. . 1,180 1, 265 700 3,000 13,182 2,171,769 150 Orchard fruits: 58 Total .trees 193,242 161,668 167,334 105, 107 61,354 300,994 35, 120 59,930 59 bushels. . 46, 569 77,901 79, 580 62, 624 26, 809 65, 832 15,389 11,032 60 Apples . trees 109, 440 120,786 91,516 52, 717 25,554 195,097 14,952 31,741 01 bushels. . 18, 804 48, 194 52, 139 39,335 15,630 32,830 10,368 8,587 62 Peaches and nectarines . trees 47,248 32, 148 35,037 36,713 22,222 66, 186 8,644 547 63 bushels. . 17, 7.57 26,895 19, 652 18, 729 8,453 24,128 672 16 64 Pears . trees 10, 725 1,650 11,744 3,420 7,4.53 10, 738 1,234 1,094 05 bushels. . 3,887 512 2,029 1,178 1,074 2,365 292 107 66 Plums and prunes . trees 10,034 3,722 10, 799 5,343 2,504 10,044 3,899 12,116 67 bushels. . 4,838 1,841 938 609 441 786 327 763 68 Cherries .trees 7,703 3,236 17,217 6,574 3,477 17,985 6,299 14,359 69 bushels. . 1,072 421 4, 745 2,714 1,087 5,518 3,711 1,556 70 Quinces 1,616 62 779 84 85 720 14 16 71 bushel?. . 189 8 53 25 121 177 72 Grapes vines 71,838 4,380 31,Sl0 4,513 3,416 16,2.'')0 5,787 7,'J54 73 pounds. . 419,246 70,009 241,227 102,124 49,427 109,888 49,530 55,626 Small fruits: 74 .acres 117 49 179 77 56 80 65 79 75 quarts. . . 148, 780 41,096 322, 624 55,473 78,673 73,352 63, 810 121,526 76 Strawberries . acres 34 14 .59 8 9 2;t 25 22 77 quarts. . . 66, 752 10,563 147,665 13,713 15,127 31,035 26,619 60,027 78 Rasphenios and loganberries .acres 12 6 20 28 12 10 8 26 79 quarts. . . 13,6,50 2,011 27,868 12,760 4,312 6, 7()6 6, 657 29, 2r>s 3 255 204 20 243 41 3,564 83 pounds. . 5,866 300 5,095 53,940 15 6,950 1,490 52,592 Table .'5.— SELECTED FARM EXPENSES 1 Labor Farms reporting 2, 452 957 2, 2.54 1,047 714 1,989 676 2 Cash expended dollars. . 362,619 90,817 694, 3~5 152,227 157,474 277,048 1(U, 100 3 Rent and hoard furnished dollars. . 1.51,718 23,8.52 191,9.54 39, 2.50 31,420 53,88;i 43, 504 4 Fertilizer .. Farms reporting 132 240 57 12 88 41 12 5 Amount expended dollars. . 4,L50 7, 51)5 7,519 929 2,652 3,3.38 777 6 Feed Farms reporting 1,417 822 1,2.54 847 478 1,412 267 7 A mount expended dollars. . 110,311 55, 278 296,102 1.50,149 77,367 242, .566 36, 4 34 8 Receipts from sale of feedable crops dollars. . 170,3.50 192,100 2,397,163 170,353 253, 768 1,234,699 850, 859 1,485 2)1,, MO 70,4;ii» 4<) 2, 8St4 !)4() S)l),0.'il 402,800 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE 695 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. Tazewell. Union. Vermilion. • Wabash. Warren. Washing- ton. Wayne. White. Whiteside. WUl. William- son. Winnebago. Woodford. 1 2 3 4 5 0 7 5. 573, 005 4,827,583 13,695 420,489 128, 610 110, ,540 72,088 2,017,813 865,030 13,832 229, 572 480,294 279,967 149,118 7,416,946 6,551,752 5,202 401,264 254,085 90,875 113,768 1,399,965 1,181,333 12,991 129,228 43,209 8,884 24,320 4,239,718 3, 636, 464 13, 6,54 439, 666 73,653 44,899 31,382 2,326,226 1,981,154 15,654 165, 996 89,601 28, 652 45, 169 2,414,287 1,415,708 :162,9.53 338, 989 160,943 48,825 86,869 2,627,360 2, 182,817 6, 181 241i 173 135, 996 24, 900 .37,293 4,616,745 3,550,012 7,280 702,432 243,761 38, 465 74,795 6,426,239 5,273,693 6,384 804,771 207,014 39, 147 95,230 1,317,585 778, 964 4 , 592 271,. '564 143,2.32 71,1:19 48,094 3,107,191 2,026,776 105,3:15 653,838 182,449 35, 497 103,296 4,525,319 4,030,(729 7,9.30 279,:i73 128, .3.38 .54,470 25,179 8 238,431 57, 781 350,316 62,900 185,834 174, 262 110,583 139,110 203,227 295, 869 66,415 143,598 205,391 9 9,266.100 1,345,820 13,800,371 1,983,134 7,127,987 2,743,362 2,769,272 3,633,764 7, 574, 611 11,444,054 1,390,313 4,370, 654 8, 552, 692 10 139,295 32,832 218,010 36,851 125,239 56, 762 93, 2.59 85,638 130,510 157,621 52,663 73,989 116,133 11 6,066,265 949,272 9,171,678 1,418,589 5,339,441 1,040,487 2,451,036 2,760,252 5,229,620 6,217,174 1,187,848 2,302,115 5,220,415 12 62,033 2,676 120,913 5,885 42,866 27,836 7,606 5,966 60,401 133,065 3,676 57,449 83,108 13 2,509,014 54,297 4,405,782 147,865 1,423,980 519,329 182, 558 135, 452 2,099,9.39 5, 121,244 71, 2,50 1,870,818 3,213,760 14 36, 643 22, 171 11,018 20, 094 17, 172 89, 493 9,653 47,148 5,156 3,616 9,977 412 5,996 15 673,013 341,095 217,485 415,610 354,088 1,181,765 134,027 733,679 109, 659 80,279 130, 490 8,618 116,401 16 21 68 3 56 5 2 17 520 1,990 20 2,350 220 65 18 59 30 192 5 1 28 3; 128 336 2 3,807 6 19 1,605 1;010 3,650 92 31 460 74, 925 9,406 20 91,020 125 20 7 18 48 160 '230 7 21 160 140 6 791 1,974 3,174 130 22 479 94 327 69 297 147 158 323 3,928 1,066 97 7,709 142 23 5,663 971 4,276 1,035 4,838 1,513 1,495 3,861 57,327 13,757 705 94,844 1,855 24 1,110 1,326 889 2,025 691 61 484 25 3,313 5^500 4,568 7^674 2,669 250 2,000 26 28.873 19,559 33,577 11,659 28,839 20,854 59, 879 22,206 56, 086 63,183 27,044 48,381 20,581 27 41,539 21,959 41,346 14,820 39,467 20, 572 60, 838 26,264 78, 391 77, 888 26,929 67,441 29,227 28 27,629 14,635 32,775 9,857 28,736 16, 146 56,769 20,848 45,902 50,057 22,251 38,660 20,356 29 39,730 16,515 40,043 12, 123 39,067 14,604 57,004 24, 573 64,954 61,292 21, 437 52,409 28,040 30 12,810 7,6,36 21,486 5,284 12,700 10, 192 15,252 10,532 16,000 26,341 13,272 22,201 9,218 31 18,642 8,259 26,257 6,365 17,768 8,236 17,241 11,820 21,728 32, 138 12,361 29,629 13,313 32 8,349 3,124 4,500 955 8,886 232 1,038 1,736 27,916 19,747 6,669 13,561 5,044 33 11,887 3,481 5,431 1,215 11,755 248 1,200 2,122 40,312 23,415 6,490 18,563 6,978 34 6,092 3,325 5,558 2,555 6,971 5,018 881 6,322 1,505 1,538 1,183 2,055 6,947 35 8,252 3,978 6,371 3,333 9,304 5,447 1,025 8, 184 2,046 1,934 1,216 2,774 7,475 36 301 141 139 105 42 16 19 84 277 39 199 38 37 808 271 341 170 93 26 15 231 839 33 587 105 38 45 226 791 260 57 387 1,131 529 209 1,179 1,043 215 66 39 100 310 1,235 303 102 407 1,428 652 338 1,989 1,277 340 104 40 32 183 301 698 80 301 38,467 1,710 188 975 55 429 53 41 41 216 408 737 45 240 36, 110 1,780 299 977 60 516 65 42 227 14 98 127 2 15 62 5,153 9,522 21 3,264 9 43 390 14 109 179 2 26 75 6,395 9,756 25 4,219 14 44 705 4,630 81 615 51 2,327 1,724 744 106 170 4,050 12 32 45 850 5,105 99 977 152 3,313 1,925 1,037 176 539 4,624 16 57 46 312 280 623 1,060 50 2,366 1,324 614 4,925 3,433 718 6,440 184 47 569 325 1,095 1,541 246 2,629 1,834 654 6,866 6,297 809 10,765 1,116 48 1,130 1,018 1,027 393 836 1,064 1,148 644 3,864 3,178 986 2,590 854 49 94,039 58,635 88,733 45,234 76,861 102,647 95,749 60,399 354,811 207,901 67,022 279,743 68,367 50 102 3,448 15 10 42 66 299 5 2 656 29 51 9,397 36i;756 1,132 1,363 3,785 4,009 35,591 790 64 66,926 3 2,281 52 768 4,097 5,815 222 408 491 1,148 1,438 786 1,238 1,101 784 2,261 63 2,970 10, 194 210 30 997 616 339 80 490 242 54 74 '219 70 100 20 40 20 15 55 965 3,767 110 10 315 304 164 227 85 56 4 68 81 141 21 70 3 57 4, 197 45,700 40, 732 117 44,793 11,500 49,000 1,,569 58 107, 870 411,389 158,443 77,213 68, 497 194, 846 357, 584 136, 127 71,290 84,600 192,362 45,491 74,727 69 79, 091 306, 072 74,421 8,368 38,313 20, 038 62,527 25,613 15,663 20,457 83,567 8,543 36,506 60 41,506 203,496 76,699 59,643 31,954 163,392 278,942 99,325 44,328 51,500 159,047 28,559 32,498 61 49,907 163,672 26,951 2,545 29,225 11,234 26,851 12,887 11,962 12,803 66,800 5,018 19,745 62 29,131 105,291 44,039 9,428 17,943 15,837 50,073 24,734 7,038 10,339 22,980 323 22,237 63 16,544 80,438 34,063 3,933 1,450 5,181 29,608 9,412 134 2,307 12,776 24 9,807 64 15,056 92, 451 7,283 2,540 2,450 9,850 9,269 4,185 2,739 5,411 4,552 1,845 3,561 65 3,626 59,439 1,696 1,095 462 2,529 1,763 1,537 321 995 2,844 696 763 66 9.854 4,205 9,753 2,400 7,174 3,740 12, 6.56 4,072 5,994 3,213 1,505 4,522 6,226 67 1,667 1,319 485 324 1,387 896 3,717 1,208 132 240 401 342 826 68 11,904 5,732 20,184 2,857 8,860 1,850 5,599 3,384 10,953 13,987 3,820 10,235 9,992 69 7,193 1,119 11,161 363 5,558 147 443 545 3,065 4,100 663 2,463 5,329 70 208 80 331 311 tiO 139 909 346 90 25 372 2 32 71 121 25 62 104 231 50 135 14 45 5 52 20 72 29,669 10,002 12,952 4,026 5,619 12,978 14,929 9,581 10,885 42,855 11,343 9,279 63,374 73 291,585 87,234 216,508 48,259 82,045 100,357 212,297 118,565 113, 179 359,770 125,789 58,972 310,257 74 257 791 163 15 77 183 107 30 130 46 169 176 101 75 347,263 1,150,327 181,693 10,139 96,879 211,392 78,794 32,866 195,185 56,459 118,232 250,118 142,775 76 40 573 45 9 16 112 6 10 59 15 67 73 16 77 66,153 947,238 66,671 5, 185 38,276 190, 409 3,390 8,030 117,222 29,794 49,265 148,271 34,153 78 122 93 36 21 1 5 4 32 7 18 68 34 79 158, 848 78,052 32,260 82 19, 153 750 1,682 3,796 32,592 5,302 8,959 68,000 50,280 80 79 123 69 4 35 65 73 8 23 12 50 22 44 81 106, 114 123,560 71,216 2,816 35,377 11,789 57,055 9,177 26,290 7,111 22,896 18,059 51,288 82 375 324 821 269 83 330 627 42 86 72 154 1,042 134 83 3,070 2,518 280 6,350 1,550 2,365 9,418 650 610 643 1,385 10,710 1,714 AND RECEIPTS, BY COUNTIES: 1909— Continued. 1 1,566 1,183 2.340 609 1,223 1,255 1,873 1,134 1,639 2,095 1,113 1,240 1,225 2 381,502 206,753 614,603 78, (^9 339,086 113,963 131,733 162, 699 364,810 466,711 68,659 264,931 262,078 3 96,378 39,031 158,737 16,941 96, 856 37,743 26,021 40,114 118,545 195,615 18,321 79,027 95,051 4 91 520 87 223 10 276 147 166 241 119 62 50 69 5 4,187 20,785 9,547 7,225 1,955 10,708 5,085 5,667 18,437 6,556 2,550 3,998 3,015 6 822 800 1,207 457 796 948 1,987 808 990 987 890 600 625 7 87,770 56,458 149,075 30,756 438,225 61,213 117,198 64,907 185,329 149,8,50 48,092 77,270 97,299 8 2,247,567 81,253 3,024,996 210, 112 1,090,447 37,977 218,639 401,518 1,077,770 2, 619,390 110,644 490,411 2,061,893 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Tahi.h NUMBKH and VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: APRIL 15, 1910. Inclo.siiro3 reportiiiK doinesUc animals. . Value of clomasUc animals dollars. Cattle: Total mimbor Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Uules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars. The State. Adams. Alexander. Bond. Boone. Brown. Bureau. Calhoun. Carroll. Cass. 1.30,179 2,064 362 714 582 414 1,807 126 688 509 34,791,006 412,012 131,900 145,965 131,356 85,360 354,203 24, 120 134,679 119,290 77,2.55 705 246 544 233 244 1,291 69 306 235 3,223,121 25,732 8,605 19,531 9,803 10, 1.59 52,318 2,584 12,004 9,802 51, 192 553 201 422 157 188 1,103 54 247 185 234, 629 3,206 495 1,035 998 650 2,461 194 996 882 28,833,742 365,496 52,895 110,194 120,622 71,011 288,348 18,305 116,925 100,925 230,834 3, 142 485 978 990 551 2,398 193 985 870 11,2.50 96 332 83 5 13 50 19 25 59 1,617,952 15,305 69,750 11,971 575 1,555 7,010 1,985 3,150 7,197 10,438 85 328 53 3 11 43 15 24 57 70,973 691 127 466 21 269 670 168 274 175 914,690 5,430 632 4, 198 295 2,403 6,357 1,180 2,521 1,357 32, 969 22 9 14 16 69 .33 24 10 3 201,561 79 18 71 61 232 170 66 79 9 Inclosures reporting domestic animals . Value of domestic animals dollars Cattle: Total number Value dollars Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars Number of mature mules Swine : Total number Value dollars Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars Cham- paign. Christian. Clark. Clay. Clinton. Coles. Cook. Crawford. Cumber- land. Dekalb. 2,001 1,.543 682 493 758 1,208 23,019 981 528 1,.355 421,440 314,764 149,359 100,969 135,582 240,760 11,184,481 190,350 84,059 332,603 916 974 400 411 382 653 10,526 / 467 331 456 38,986 38,649 16, 945 14,735 12,784 30,322 485,379 20, 221 13,238 17,495 760 707 314 312 303 559 3,296 374 270 336 2,954 2,218 1,053 714 1,0.80 1,665 74,349 1,572 618 2,105 363,953 251,875 125,757 74,4.54 111,803 202,995 9,999,0.51 16.5,070 65,784 308,559 2,894 2,163 1,032 690 1,060 1,615 74, 228 1,556 589 2,082 94 123 22 45 77 27 1,239 20 22 25 12,825 15,690 3,490 7,850 8,675 4,320 183, 189 2,740 2,760 3,150 86 112 13 26 53 25 1,194 15 17 25 558 1,013 243 443 320 318 20,366 251 221 231 5,661 8,521 1,755 3,625 2,294 3,063 426,714 2,054 2, 175 3,149 4 7 217 56 10 14 16,021 55 21 39 15 29 1,412 305 26 60 90, 148 265 102 250 Dewitt. Douglas. Dupage. Edgar. Edwards. ElBngham. Fayette. Ford. Franklin. Fulton. 771 743 1,333 1,196 356 585 657 659 953 2,047 202, 956 192,618 279,226 238,225 59,876 97,354 160,947 149,671 161,569 403,497 562 463 636 777 201 519 601 375 827 948 23,465 20,000 25,999 33,063 7,277 18,746 19,364 14,145 31,835 39,021 420 365 527 610 162 391 415 271 667 770 1,176 1,151 2,037 1,667 468 802 990 1,007 1,016 2,961 173, 654 160,405 247,831 195,812 48,305 69,776 125,558 131,286 102,368 335,-354 1,146 1,127 2,019 1,625 445 779 943 967 981 2,889 19 50 26 27 12 45 71 26 150 125 1,860 9,875 4,580 3,940 1,465 5,715 12,140 2,600 23,565 15,085 13 48 25 24 11 31 56 21 132 115 348 260 81 610 373 3.57 447 1.55 369 1,413 3,673 2,326 680 5,301 2,621 3,064 3,872 1,423 3,457 13,996 54 3 22 25 26 15 8 20 80 17 304 12 136 109 208 53 13 217 344 41 Gallatin. Greene. Grundy. Hamilton. Hancock. Hardin. Henderson. Henry. Iroquois. Jackson. 501 857 945 341 1,.531 91 3.59 1,490 1,4.50 1,215 90,954 153,273 253,671 52, 162 313,716 17,115 77,047 314, .852 312,858 228,581 412 548 799 334 891 70 344 837 1,179 889 13,263 19,8.52 30, 114 11,965 37,862 2,526 13,501 32,349 4.5,011 29, 448 312 400 5.59 268 696 58 267 648 853 725 627 1,234 1,061 367 2, 169 99 592 2,479 2,128 1,575 64,975 126,572 129,4.59 35,555 256,744 10,007 60,236 271,490 255, 463 167,175 605 1,198 1,049 359 2, 105 89 571 2,429 2,063 1,490 .59 24 70 23 6.5 26 9 39 40 221 7,790 3,195 7,810 2,760 10,260 3,799 840 5, 422 5, 893 25, 480 55 23 67 16 59 26 7 37 37 195 770 504 227 1.59 969 99 312 614 585 797 4,900 3,470 2,205 1,881 8,394 780 2,467 5,:i89 6,321 6,283 10 36 12,004 1 109 1 4 46 36 40 26 178 84,023 1 •ir)6 3 3 202 170 195 Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars. Cattle: Total number Value dollars. Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars. Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars. Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars. Inolosures reporting domestic animals. , Value of domestic animals dollars Cattle : Total number Value dollars Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars Number of mature mules Swine : Total number Value dollars Sheep and goats; Total number Value dollars STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. 697 Table ().— NUMBER AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES: APRIf. 15, 1910— Continued. Jasper. Jefferson. Jersey. Jo Daviess. Jolmson. Kane. Kankakee. Kendall. * Knox. La Salle. 1 Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . . 497 858 496 552 299 2,272 1,010 387 1,815 2,913 2 Value of domestic animals dollars. . 107, 199 134,629 88,671 155,380 79, 152 518,053 207, 138 73,664 406,024 691,012 3 Cattle : Total number 506 759 264 375 315 859 453 239 1,118 1,746 4 Value dollars.. 18,531 27,952 9, 101 14,474 10,723 39,678 16,993 8,511 47,513 63,905 5 Number of dairy cows Horses: 357 595 181 257 223 743 376 186 850 1,298 6 Total number 686 1,027 694 1,029 364 3,985 1,577 574 2,710 4,590 7 Value dollars.. 80,820 99,247 75,535 122,851 41, 187 407,469 184,2,54 62,560 332,990 576,73.5 8 Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: 601 983 678 1,016 348 3,956 1,536 565 2,657 4,473 9 'I'otal number 27 37 5 115 141 68 35 11 138 283 10 V’alue dollars.. 4, 180 4,022 1,145 17,000 24,595 8,732 4,259 1,550 17, 150 39,455 11 Number of mature mules Swine: 23 28 3 113 136 67 32 10 135 273 12 Total number 387 360 327 79 308 141 137 84 698 1,038 13 Value dollars. . Sheep and goats: 3,381 3,091 2,888 1,053 2,642 1,511 1,597 973 8,309 9,850 14 Total number 58 63 1 1 1 88 4 18 15 180 15 Value dollars. . 287 317 2 2 5 663 35 70 62 1,067 Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . Value of domestic animals dollars Cattle: Total number Value dollars Number of dairy cows Horses: Total number Value dollars Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: Total number Value dollars Number of mature mules Swine: Total number Value dollars Sheep and goats: Total number Value dollars Lake. 1,936 557,413 967 35,667 735 3,579 486,229 3,532 194 33,040 189 98 748 225 1,729 Lawrence. 605 186,458 293 11,701 241 1,325 165, 135 1,304 62 8,200 60 165 1,316 24 106 Lee, 1,043 202,585 365 14, 610 315 1,637 180,820 1,605 37 5,200 37 218 1,897 17 58 Livingston. Logan. 1,357 333, 460 729 29,520 559 1,997 288,293 1,955 83 13,230 82 175 1,945 69 472 1,127 238,807 564 26,601 461 1,620 195, 109 1,589 100 13,530 92 337 3,438 27 129 McDon- ough. 1,162 270, 746 872’ 35,593 575 1,765 218,619 1,713 39 4,815 26 1,344 11,601 43 118 McTIenry. 1,338 286,594 608 38, 195 447 2,199 244,306 2, 166 20 2,865 15 128 1,188 9 40 McLean. 2,720 583,256 1,418 62, 649 1,015 4, 101 490,231 4,026 170 21, 685 166 865 7,893 149 798 Macon. Macoupin. 2,059 406,467 1,000 41,073 786 3,139 338,269 3,086 145 20,545 125 625 6,053 29 527 1,777 292,489 1,120 45,552 954 2,069 224,324 2,011 84 13,835 76 1,088 8,580 44 198 Madison. Marion. Marshall. Mason. Massac. Menard. Mercer. Monroe. Montgom- ery. Morgan. 1 Inclosures reporting domestic animals . . . 1,915 1,047 614 526 423 511 833 341 1,229 1,291 2 Value of doniestic animals dollars. . 471,756 186,667 140,039 111,793 87,577 122, 411 176,645 70,896 239, 703 286, 486 Cattle: 3 Total number 1,070 743 426 281 291 447 577 189 792 635 4 Value dollars. . 40,771 25,264 16,373 11,343 10,524 16,848 22,342 4,910 31,626 30,933 5 Number of dairy cows 852 554 280 213 197 291 405 158 649 517 Horses: 6 Total number 3,074 1,470 858 902 483 830 1,234 517 1,681 1,989 7 Value dollars.. 376,653 146, 657 117, 693 95,774 54, 630 97,785 146,512 49,830 185,733 243,354 8 Number of mature horses 3,045 1,420 845 879 468 821 1,193 500 1,616 1,973 Mules and asses and burros: 9 Total number 327 102 58 16 137 30 14 110 101 38 10 Value dollars.. 48, 901 11,973 4,078 1,810 19, 160 3,210 2,400 14,930 14,950 5,495 11 Number of mature mules 316 87 57 13 131 29 12 96 76 30 Swine: 12 Total number 723 296 188 332 353 435 531 214 751 780 13 Value dollars. . 5,321 2,678 1,743 2,862 2,836 4,350 5,269 1, 190 7,222 5,858 Sheep and goats: 14 Total number 26 26 27 2 85 37 23 12 35 165 15 Value dollars.. 110 95 152 4 427 218 122 36 172 846 Moultrie. Ogle. Peoria. Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope. Pula.ski. Putnam. Randolph. 1 Inclosures reporting domestic animals. . . 564 1,284 2,536 737 711 1,292 119 310 150 1,009 2 Value of domestic animals dollars.. 174, 678 278,485 545, 941 119, 187 156,662 258, 923 23,905 49,092 43, 146 193, 911 Cattle: 3 Total number 372 832 1,012 637 431 1,014 88 246 144 892 4 Value dollars. . 18,320 30,093 40,728 23,336 18,808 37,785 2,634 7,797 5,906 24,089 5 Number of dairy cows 318 531 752 472 353 666 59 181 95 622 Horses: 6 Total number 895 2,058 4,022 837 1,028 1,809 159 329 211 1,366 7 Value dollars. . 148,732 238,782 479,746 84, 908 129,212 200,075 17,695 33,817 20,510 132, 133 8 N umber of mature horses 869 2,022 3,961 801 993 1,728 152 310 206 1,307 Mules and asses and burros: 9 Total number 24 17 130 63 41 67 12 50 157 186 10 Value dollars.. 4,305 2,035 16,8.33 9, 185 5,365 8,835 2,775 5,430 15,750 30,281 11 Number of mature mules 21 16 116 48 36 46 6 48 157 166 Swine; 12 Total number 344 481 819 187 335 1,361 113 312 124 1,013 13 Value dollars. . 3,163 6,310 8,203 1,661 3,248 12,206 796 2,039 975 6,706 Sheep and goats: 14 Total number 34 274 104 20 5 8 1 4 1 125 15 Value dollars.. 158 1,265 431 97 29 22 5 9 5 702 G98 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table (J. NUMBER AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS NOT ON FARMS, BY COUNTIES; APRIL 15, 1 910— Continued, Richland. Rock Island. St. Clair. Saline. Sangamon. Schuyler. Scott. Shelby. 1 Tnclosures reportinK domestic animals 429 1,550 2,703 1,227 2,857 508 296 1,164 2 Value of domestic animals dollar.s. . 79, 186 437,074 1,010,937 208,512 698,285 111,865 58,853 268,602 Cattle: 3 Total number 266 745 1,654 890 1,175 336 146 763 4 Value dollars. . 11,221 27,697 71,395 33,767 50,716 13, 307 5,476 32,005 5 Number of dairy cows 227 563 866 713 939 256 111 585 Horses: 0 Total number 671 2,916 4,951 1,379 4,742 737 437 1,782 7 Value dollars. . 4)4,540 397, 1«) 552, 727 141,450 594, 471 88,754 49,745 214,944 8 Number of mature horses 664 2,891 4,917 1,321 4,686 692 434 1,727 Mules and asses and burros: 9 Total number 10 72 1,987 216 352 16 11 74 10 Value dollars. . 1,310 10,770 290,877 27,390 44,955 2,605 1,700 13,545 U Number of mature mules 7 65 1,948 190 343 13 9 50 Swine : 12 Total number 219 151 5,379 767 82:1 672 301 978 13 Value dollars. . 2,111 1,370 82,943 5,841 7,998 7,044 1,932 8,048 Sheep and goats: 14 1 13 1,026 31 42 57 12 15 Value dollars. . 2 71 6^995 64 145 155 60 stark. Stephenson. Tazewell. Union. Vermilion. Wabash. Warren. Washington. 1 Inclosures reporting domestic animals 503 1,211 1,167 559 2,977 341 1,049 636 2 Value of doniestic animals dollars. . 137, 708 247,223 559,663 97,067 594,364 68,606 210,990 96,027 Cattle : 3 Total number 338 639 4,409 386 2,004 194 471 549 4 Value dollars. . 15,814 18,846 285,032 12,398 82,981 7,268 19,933 17,939 5 Number of dairy cows 253 385 519 282 1,521 151 340 413 Horses: C Total number 818 1,922 1,870 623 4,230 532 1,573 765 7 Value dollars. . 116,863 216,961 242,938 73,004 451,507 53,400 181,948 69,992 8 Number of mature horses 772 1,897 1,807 604 4,129 521 1,527 732 Mules and asses and burros: 9 Total number 8 50 167 69 296 47 23 41 10 Value dollars. . 1,025 6,460 25,455 9,286 49, 135 6,110 3,340 4,863 11 Number of mature mules 7 48 163 67 288 44 20 30 Swine: 12 Total number 325 482 579 „ 321 1,126 203 537 452 13 Value dollars. . 3,934 4,392 5,775 ^342 10, 701 1,803 5,654 3, 180 Sheep and goats; 14 Total number 18 84 104 9 12 9 8 19 15 Value dollars. . 72 569 463 37 40 25 115 53 Wayne. White. Whiteside. Will. Williamson. Winnebago. Woodford. 1 Inclosures reporting domestic animals . . 483 848 1,.528 2,217 1,762 1,702 871 2 Value of domestic animals Cattle : . .dollars. . 96,911 130,327 293,939 457,775 341,246 402, 229 173,122 3 Total number 370 645 647 1,027 1,450 424 537 4 Value . .dollars. . 13,536 23,584 24,090 35,729 53,680 16,774 22,861 5 Number of dairy cows Horses: 298 536 521 769 1,158 340 402 6 Total number 650 927 2,303 3,461 1,928 3,024 1,218 7 Value . .dollars. . 72,160 94, 261 259,526 415,267 208,331 373, 704 142,822 8 Number of mature horses Mules and asses and burros: 636 877 2,278 3,424 1,854 3,003 1,192 9 Total number 48 60 58 48 508 70 42 10 Value . .dollars. . 6,950 5,095 7,075 4,270 72,475 8,885 4,381 11 Number of mature mules Swine: 34 50 56 47 471 69 41 12 Total number 382 985 269 213 718 242 281 13 Value Sheep and goats: . .dollars. . 4,224 7,150 3, 195 2,367 6,405 2,828 2,910 14 Total number 12 70 11 24 80 7 40 15 Value . .dollars. . 41 237 53 142 355 38 148 0 IT A r T R R 4. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTUIIES FOK THE STATE, CITIES, AND INDUSTRIES. Introduction. — This chapter gives the statistics of manufactures for the state of Illinois for the calendar year 1909 as shown by the Thirteenth Census. The text summarizes the general results of the census inquiry, presenting a series of special tables in which the main facts printed in the general tables are given in convenient form for the state as a whole and for important industries. It also presents tables in which the statistics for the industries of the state as a whole and for a few important industries are classified by character of ownership, size of establishments, num- ber of wage earners, and prevailing hours of labor, information which could not be presented in general tables for each industry without disclosing the facts for individual establishments. At the end of the chapter are three general tables. Table I gives for 1909, 1904, and 1899 the number of establishments and of persons engaged in the indus- tries, primary power, capital, salaries and wages, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture reported for all industries combmed and for certain important industries (1) for the state as a whole and (2) for the cities of Chicago, East St. Louis, Peoria, and Springfield. It also gives the same items for all industries combined for every incorporated place having in 1910 a population of over 10,000 but less than 50,000. Table II gives statistics in detail for 1909 for the state and for a larger number of industries. Table III gives statistics in detail for 1909 for Chi- cago, East St. Louis, Peoria, and Springfield for all industries combined and selected industries, and for each city having from 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants for all industries combined. Scope of census: Factory industries. — Census statistics of manu- factures are compiled primarily for the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of indus- try covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of organiza- tion, location of establishments, size of establishments, labor force, and similar subjects. When use is made of the data for these pur- poses it is imperative that due attention should be given to the Umitations of the figures. Particularly is this true when the attempt is made to derive from them figures purporting to show average wages, cost of production, or profits. These limitations will be fully discussed in the general report on manufactures for the United States as a whole. The census of 1909, like that of 1904, was confined to manu- facturing establishments conducted under the factory system, as distinguished from the neighborhood, hand, and building indus- tries. Where statistics for 1899 are given they have been reduced to a comparable basis by eliminating the latter class of industries. The census does not include establishments which were idle during the entire year, or had a value of products of less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal insti- tutions, or in governmental establishments, except those of the Federal Government. Period covered. — The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year’s operations, except for estab- lishments which began or discontinued business during the year. The establishment. — The term “establishment” comprises the factories, mills, or plants which are under a common ownership or control, and for which one set of books of account is kept. If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city or state, separate reports were secured, in order that the separate totals might be included in the statistics for each city or state. In some instances separate reports were secured for different industries carried on in the same establishment. Classification by industries. — The establishments were assigned to the several classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The products reported for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products very different from those covered by the class designation, and, on the other hand, may not include the total product covered by this designation, because some part of this product may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of chief value. Selected industries. — The general tables at the end of this chap- ter give the principal facts separately for the industries of the state. A selection has been made of the leading industries of the state for more detailed consideration. Sometimes an industry of greater importance than some of those selected is omitted because it comprises so few establishments that these detailed presenta- tions would reveal the operations of individual concerns. Comparisons with previous censuses. — Owing to the changes in industrial conditions, it is not always possible to classify establish- ments by industries in such a way as to permit accurate compari- son with preceding censuses. Table I, giving comparable figures for 1909, 1904, and 1899, therefore, does not embrace all the indus- tries shown for 1909 in Table II. Influence of increased prices. — In considering changes in cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of commodities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been influential the figures can not be taken as an exact measure of increase in the volume of business. Persons engaged in industry. — At the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899, the following general classes of persons engaged in manufactur- ing industries have been distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks, and (5) wage earners. In the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials ( 699 ) 700 SUPPLEMENT EOll ILLINOIS. clerkH, etc., and (3) wago earnera. The eecond group included the three clawHeH of salaried ofUcerw of corporatioiiH, Huperintendents and inanagerH, and clerkH. In the present cciibuh an entirely different grouj)ing is enii)loyed: That into (1) proprietors and officials, (2) clerks, and (ti) wage earnera. The first group includes ])roj)rietors and firm members, salaried officers of corporations, and superin- tendents and managers. At this census the number of persons engaged in the industries, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether undcir Ki or Ki and over), was reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal conditions of employ- ment, but wliere conditions were excej)tional, and ])articularly in the case of certain seasonal industries, such as canning, the Decem- ber date could not be accepted as typical and an earlier date had to be chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported on December 15, or other representative day, has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not vary much from month to month in a given industry. In the case of wage earners the average is obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. Wage earners. — In addition to the report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on December 15, or other representative day, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, without distinction of sex or age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported each month by 12. The average thus obtained represents the number of wage earners that would be required to perform the work done if all were con- stantly employed during the entire year. Accordingly, the impor- tance of any industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. The number of wage earners reported for the representative day, though given for each separate industry, is not totaled for all industries combined, because in view of the variations of date such a total is believed not to be significant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different industries at different times, would not represent the total number employed in all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal industries, as compared with industries in continual operation. In particular, totals by sex and age for the wage earners reported for the representative day would be misleading because of the undue weight given to seasonal industries, iu some of which, such as can- ning and preserving, the distribution of the wage earners by se.x and age is materially different from that in most industries of more regu- lar operation. In order to determine as nearly as possible the sex and age distribution of the average number of wage earners in the state as a whole, the following procedure has been adopted: The percentage distribution by sex and age of the wage earners in each industry for December 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calculated from the actual numbers reported for that date. This percentage has been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in that industry, to determine the average num- ber of men, women, and children employed. These calculated averages for the several industries have been added up to give the average distribution for the state as a whole. In 1899 and 1904 the schedule called for the average number of wage earners of each sex IG years and over, and the total number under 16 years of age, for each month, and these monthly statements were combined in an annual average. (Comparatively few manu- facturing concerns, however, keep their books in such a way as to show readily the number of men, women, and children (under 16) employed each month. These monthly returns by sex and ago were, in fact, largely estimates. It was believed that a more accurate and reliable sex and age distribution could be secured by taking as a basis of estimate the actual numbers employed on a single day. Prevailing hours of labor. — The census made no attempt to ascertain the number of employees working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations in hours in an establishment from one period to another are disregarded, and no attention is given to the fact that a limited number of employees may have hours differing from those of the majority. In the tables all the wage earners of each establishment are counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In most establish- ments, however, all or practically all the employees work the same number of hours, so that these figures give a substantially correct picture of the hours of labor in manufacturing industries. Capital. — For reasons stated in juior census reports, the statistics of capital secured by the census canvass are so defective as to be without value, except as indicating very general conditions. The instructions on the schedule for securing capital were as follows: The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts car- ried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing investments in other enterprises. Materials. — Cost of materials refers to the materials used during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term materials includes fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials forming a constituent part of the product. Fuel includes all fuel used, whether for heat, light, or power, or for the process of manufacture. Expenses. — Under “Expenses” are included all items of ex- pense incident to the year’s business, except interest, whether on bonds or other forms of indebtedness, and allowances for depreciation. Value of products. — The value of products for any industry in- cludes the total value of all products manufactured in establish- ments whose products of chief value fall under the industry desig- nation. The amounts given represent the selling value at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Amounts received for work on materials furnished by others are included. Value added by manufacture. — The value of products is not a satisfactory measure of either the absolute or the relative impor- tance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing j^rocess carried on in the industry itself. Another part of it, and often by far the larger part, repre- sents the value of the materials used, which have been produced by agriculture or mining or by other industrial establishments. For many purposes, therefore, the best measure of the importance of different classes of industry is the value created as the result of the manufacturing operations carried on within the industry. This value is obtained by deducting the cost of the materials consumed from the value of the product. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census reports “value added by manufacture.” There is a further statistical advantage which “value added” has over gross value of products. In combining the value of prod- ucts for all industries the value of ])roducts produced by one establishment and used as materials in another is duplicated, and the total, therefore, gives a greatly exaggerated idea of the wealth created. No such duplication takes place in the total “value added by manufacture.” Cost of manufacture and profits. — Census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used to show profits. No account has been taken of interest and depre- ciation. Even if the amount of profit could be determined by de- ducting the expenses from the value of the products, the rate of j)rofit on the investment could not properly be calculated, because of the very defective character of the returns regarding capital. Primary power. — The figures given for this item show the total of the primary j)owor used by the establishments. 'I'hey do not STATISTICS OF MANUFA(TITHI<]S. 701 cover the power developed by motors operated by such i)ower, the inclusion of which would evidently result in duplication. Location of establishments. — The ('ensus llureau has classified establishments by their location in cities or classes of cities. In in- terpreting these fifrures due consideration shouhl be given to the fact that often establishments are located just outside the boundliries of cities, and are necessarily so classified, though locally they are looked upon as constituting a part of the manufacturing interests of the cities. INDUSTRIES General character of the state. — Illinois, with a gross area of 50,605 square miles, of which 622 represent water surface, ranks twenty-third in size among the states of the Union. Its population in 1910 was 5,638,591, as compared with 4,821,550 in 1900 and 3,820,352 in 1890. It ranked third among the 49 states and territories as regards population both in 1910 and in 1900. The density of population for the state in 1910 was 100.6 per square nule, the corre- sponding figures for 1900 and 1890 being 86.1 and 68.3, respectively. Sixty-one and seven-tenths per cent of the entire population of the state in 1910 resided in incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or over, as compared with 54.3 per cent in 1900. There were 32 incorporated places in the state which had a population of over 10,000 in 1910. One of these, Chicago, had 2,185,283 inhabitants; 11 others had over 25,000 but less than 100,000; and the remain- ing 20 had between 10,000 and 25,000. A list of these places, with the population of each in 1910 and 1900, is given on page 712. These 32 places contained 52.3 per cent of the total population of the state and were credited in 1909 with 83.1 per cent of the total value of its manufactures. Apart from these places, only 9.3 per cent of the population resided in places of 2,500 inliabitants or over. Illinois lies wholly within the great prairie region, and, with the exception of Louisiana and Delaware, is the most level state in the Union. On account of the situation of the state, many of the trunk lines both between the East and the West and between the North and the South enter or pass through it, and thus afford •excellent transportation facilities. On^June 30, 1909, there were 152 railroad companies having lines within the state, and nearly every county is traversed by one or more railroads, many of them trunk lines running into Chicago or St. Louis. The state has approxi- mately 12,000 miles of main track of steam rad- roads ' — an average of over 2 1 miles for every 100 square miles of territory — and also over 2,700 mdes of elec- tric radroads. In addition to these ample radway faedities, the state has the advantages of cheap water transportation afforded by the Alississippi and its navi- gable tributaries, and by the Great Lakes. Importance and growth of manufactures. — Illinois is the most important manufacturing state west of the * Interstate Commerce Commission, Statistics of the Railways in the United States, 1909. Laundries. — 'I’he census of 1909 was the first to include statistics of laundries. The rei)orts are confined to establishments using mechanical j)ower. The data are j>re8cnted separately and are not included in the general total for manufacl uring industries, in order to avoid interference with comparisons wi(h prior censuses. Custom sawmills and gristmills.- In order to make the statistics for 1909 comparable with those lor 1901 the data for these mills have been excludcid from all the tables j)re8enting general statistics, and arc given in a separate table at the end of this chapter. IN GENERAL. Adeghenies. In 1849 an average of 11,559 wage earn- ers, representing 1.4 per cent of the total population, were employed in manufactures, while in 1879 an aver- age of 144,727 wage earners, or 4.7 per cent of the total, and in 1909 an average of 465,764 wage earners, or 8.3 per cent of the total population, were so en- gaged. The gross value of products per capita of the total population of the state increased from S19.42 in 1849 to $340.38 in 1909, and the proportion which the manufactures of the state represented of the total value of the products of manufacturing industries in the United States, from 1.6 per cent in 1849 to 9.3 per cent in 1909. In the value of its manufactures Illinois ranked fifteenth in 1849 and third in 1909. The first table on the following page gives the most important figures relative to all classes of manufac- tures combined, for 1909, 1904, and 1899, together with the percentages of increase from census to census. In 1909 the state of Illinois had 18,026 manufactur- ing establishments, which gave employment to an average of 561,044 persons during the year and paid out $364,768,000 in salaries and wages. Of the persons employed, 465,764 were wage earners. Those estab- lishments turned out products to the value of $1,919,277,000, in the manufacture of which materials costing $1,160,927,000 were utilized. The value added by manufacture was thus $758,350,000, which figure, as explained in the Introduction, best i-epresents the net wealth created by manufacturing operations during the year. The totals presented in the table do not include the statistics for an establishment operated by the Federal Government — the arsenal at Rock Island. In 1909 this plant employed an average of 1,698 wage earners, and the value of its products, which consisted of infantry, cavalry, and artillery equipment, was reported as $3,114,338. In general, the table brings out the fact that the manufacturing industries of Illinois as a whole devel- oped more rapidly during the five-year period 1904- 1909 than during the preceding five-year period, 1899-1904, the percentage of increase being greater for all items shown in the table except miscellaneous expenses. During the later five-year period the number of establishments increased 20.8 per cent and the average number of wage earners 22.8 per cent, while the value of products increa.sed 36.1 per cent and the value added by manufacture 33 per cent. As 702 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. pointod out in tho Introduction, it would bo improper to infer that manufactures increased in volume to tho full extent indicated by tho figures representing values, since tho increase shown is certainly due, in part, to tho increase that has taken place in the price of commodities. NUMtlER OR AMOUNT. PER CENT OF INCREASE. 1»0» 1901 1899 19(M-1909 1899-19(H Number of eatablLshments 18, 026 14,921 14,374 20.8 3.8 Persons engaged in manufactures 561, 044 17, 357 77, 923 447, 947 (*) (•) 40, 964 25. 2 PrnpriptorR n,iul firm mpmhRra .... 13; 990 54, 521 24. 1 Salaried employees 42. 9 33.1 Wage earners (average number) 465, 764 379, 436 332, 871 22.8 14.0 Primary horsepower 1,013,071 741, 555 559, 347 36.6 32.6 ('apital $1,548, 171,000 $975, 845, 000 $732, 830, 000 58.6 33.2 Expenses 1,733,327,000 364, 768, 000 1,281,208,000 999, 151, 000 35.3 28.2 Services 268, 965, 000 199, 653, 000 35.6 34.7 Salaries 91, 449, 000 60, 560, 000 40, 549, 000 51.0 49.4 Wages 273, 319, 000 208, 405, 000 159, 104, 000 31. 1 31.0 Materials 1,160, 927,000 840, 057, 000 681, 450, 000 38.2 23.3 Miscellaneous 207, 632, 000 172, 186, 000 118,048,000 20.6 45.9 Value of products Value added by manufacture (value of products 1,919, 277,000 1, 410, 342, 000 1, 120, 868, 000 36.1 25.8 less cost of materials) 758, 350, 000 570, 285, 000 439, 418, 000 33.0 29.8 ‘ Figures not available. The relative importance and growth of tho leading manufacturing industries of the state are shown in the following table. It should be borne in mind, in considering this table, that the value of products in some of the indus- tries involves a certain amount of duplication due to the use of the products of one establishment in the industry as materials for other establishments. INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OF INCREASE.* Average number. Per cent distri- bution. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. Value of products. Value added by manufacture. 1904- 1909 1899- 1901 1901- 1909 1899- 1904 All Industries 18.026 465,764 100.0 $1,919,277,000 100.0 $758, 350, 000 100.0 36.1 25.8 33.0 29.8 Slaughtering and meat packing 109 26,705 5.7 389,595,000 20.3 45,619,000 6.0 22.4 10.2 21.3 -9.3 Foundry and machine-shop products 1,178 52, 266 11.2 138,579,000 7.2 74,769,060 9.9 46.0 16.1 35.6 26.5 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 715 36, 1.52 7.8 89,473,000 4.7 44,245,060 5.8 57.0 43.6 52.7 42.7 Printing and publishing 2,608 28,644 6.1 87,247,000 4.5 62,567,000 8.3 40. 1 4.3.8 38.2 40.9 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 24 17,584 3.8 86,608,000 4.5 30,364,000 4.0 44.3 32.9 42.1 41.3 Agricultural Implements 79 19,240 4.1 57,268,000 3.0 32,444,000 4.3 49.1 -8.6 57.0 -10.8 Liquors, distilled 9 750 0.2 5.5,200,000 2.9 45,991,000 6.1 2.0 41.6 -3.6 38.4 Flour-mill and gristmill products 461 2,464 0.5 51,111,000 2.7 5,521,000 0.7 28.1 39.6 11.3 36.4 Lumber and timber products 814 16,567 3.6 44,9.52,000 2.3 17,688,(K)0 2.3 37.3 41.2 21.8 43.0 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 6 2,493 0.5 38,300,000 2.0 7,392,000 1.0 40.1 80.4 -11.2 141.6 Bread and other bakery products 2,099 8,611 1.8 36,118,000 1.9 14, 512,000 1.9 38.1 64.7 22.3 54.4 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- railroad companies 73 23, 131 5.0 32,229,000 1.7 16,996,000 2.2 ■ 26.4 .53.7 28.5 59.4 Liquors, malt 106 4,398 0.9 28,449,000 1.5 21,416,000 2.8 19.6 20.5 15.7 18.0 Furniture and refrigerators 267 13, 575 2.9 27,900,000 1.5 15,399,000 2.0 24.6 43.3 21.0 45.1 Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 28 10,945 2.3 27,001,000 1.4, 11,665,000 1.5 -12.7 24.5 19.6 25.5 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 143 9,641 2.1 26,826,000 1.4 13, 198,000 1.7 60.6 37.2 45.8 20.8 Copper, tin, and sheebiron products 483 7,473 1.6 22,823,000 1.2 9,630,000 1.3 48.3 45. 2 46.1 49.5 Tobacco manufactures 1,944 8,0.34 1.7 21,870,000 1.1 13,267,000 1.7 .36.2 34.9 31.8 .30.4 Gas, illuminating and heating 78 6, .301 1.3 21,052,000 1.1 14,842,000 2.0 31.5 82.4 29.2 69. 4 Paint and varnish 74 1,792 0.4 20,434,000 1.1 7,532,000 1.0 53.4 62.9 61.3 84.9 Soap 34 2, 188 0.5 20,181,000 1.1 6,2,33,000 0.8 42.6 50.0 29.5 41.4 Cotlee and spice, roasting and grinding 35 1,018 0.2 19,7.51,000 1.0 4,637,000 0.6 25.4 2.3.9 42.2 20.8 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials. . . 68 8,777 1.9 19,176,000 1.0 10,5.34,000 1.4 43.9 63.4 32.9 64.0 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 295 1,7.32 0.4 17,798,000 0.9 .3,531,000 0.5 34.1 ,3.1 37.5 -4.2 Carriages and wagons and materials 325 5,852 1.3 16,831,000 0.9 7,352,000 1.0 47.7 26.5 30.2 21.4 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 53 5,792 1.2 16,75.5,000 0.9 5,886,000 0.8 67.7 -4.8 04.5 7.2 Clothing, women’s 221 6,1.51 1.3 16,f)3.5, (M)0 0.9 7,421,000 1.0 3.5.9 25.2 25.7 24.1 Leather) tanned, curried, and finished 29 3,001 0.6 14,91’2,000 0.8 2, 781, (KK) 0.4 38.6 37.1 . 7.6 25.2 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ prepa- rations 3.59 1,869 0.4 1.3,114,000 0.7 8,701,000 1.1 -1.5 10,3. 6 -12.0 118.8 Confectionery 140 3,799 0.8 12,798,000 0.7 5, 133,000 0.7- 67.4 18.3 49.0 27.6 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves 71 4,499 1.0 10,287,000 0.5 0,431,000 0 8 30 8 27.3 Brick and tile 340 6,574 1.4 9, 765) 000 0.5 7',274',(X)0 1.0 29.4 48.5 24.6 44.0 Smelting and refining, zinc 5 1,922 0.4 9, (KM, 000 0.5 2,508,000 0.3 6.5.9 -7.8 64.4 4.1 Leather goods 168 2,949 0.6 8,948,000 0.5 3,813,(K)0 0.5 33. .3 29. 0 16.3 35.6 Baking powders and yeast 24 657 0.1 7,632,000 0.4 4,371,(K)0 0.6 68.1 35.7 58.7 33.8 I Percentages are based on Qgures In Table I; a minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Where the percentages are omitted, comparable figures can not bo given. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 703 INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OK PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. PER CENT OF INCREASE.' Average number. I’er cent distri- bution. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. Amount. Per cent distri- bution. Value of products. Value added by manufacture. ItMM- 1909 1899- 1991 1991- 1999 1899- 1991 Canning and preserving 118 2,383 0.5 *7,620,000 0.4 *2,807,000 0.4 8.2 20.1 2.9 29.0 Millinery and lace goods 103 3,328 0.7 7,282,000 0.4 3,485,000 0.5 47.2 135.3 36.5 140.7 Furnishing goods, men’s 61 2,688 0.6 7,213,000 0.4 2,640,000 0.3 75.8 21.9 01.7 25.7 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 65 2,382 0.5 7, 154,000 0.4 3, 175, (KK) 0.4 1,903.9 -52.3 1,195.9 -46.3 19 5 665 1.2 7, 045,000 0. 4 5.357,0(X) 0. 7 79 1,688 0.4 6,842,000 0.4 2,694,000 0.4 Marble and stone work 278 2,226 0.5 6|77liOOO 0.4 3;74i;000 0.5 25.6 34.1 15.0 36.7 Cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified 80 2,388 0.5 6,'611,000 0.3 2, 132,000 0.3 -6.7 14.7 -7.5 0.7 Boxes, fancy and paper 61 4,085 0.9 6, .350, 000 0.3 3,338,000 0.4 72.3 23.2 66.7 30.2 Hosiery and knit goods 43 2,913 0.6 5,947,000 0.3 2,715,000 0.4 59.4 69.2 73.5 70.3 Qas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors 78 2,090 0.4 5, 797, 000 0.3 3,103,000 0.4 99.6 70.2 81.4 67.9 Grease and tallow 36 778 0.2 5,590,000 0.3 1,525,000 0.2 129.3 20.1 60.5 143.9 Glass 11 3,507 0.7 5,047,000 0.3 3,506,000 0.5 -10.2 98.3 -16.9 95.4 Paper and wood pulp 19 1,397 0.3 4,983,000 0.3 1,884,000 0.2 104.0 70.6 83.4 62.0 Chemicals 19 836 0.2 4,656,000 0.2 1,760,000 0.2 103.9 9.4 89.7 2.0 Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products 39 3,157 0.7 4,615,000 0.2 3,489,000 0.5 41.7 51.9 38.2 61.0 Babbitt metal and solder 19 183 (’) 4,146,000 0.2 772,000 0.1 6.5.8 64.4 32.2 125.5 Q 1 39.5 0 3 4 088 000 n 2 2 469 000 0.3 247.0 243.9 Smelting and refining, not from the ore 11 369 0.1 3,930,000 0.2 690,000 0.1 98.9 567.6 78.5 369.9 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 46 1,317 0.3 3,779,000 0.2 1.782,000 0.2 131.6 58.1 100.9 121.8 7 1,713 0.4 3,622,000 0.2 2,512,000 0.3 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street- railroad companies 30 2,240 0.5 3,451,000 0.2 1,644,000 0.2 201.9 2.4 126.8 24.1 Mattresses and spring beds 86 831 0.2 2,860,000 0.1 1,226,000 0.2 35.1 28.2 35.2 5.6 Jewelry 67 990 0.2 2,780,000 0.1 1,516,000 0.2 58.4 9.6 58.9 19.4 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified go 1 393 n 3 9. 758 000 n 1 1 686 non 0.2 82.0 77.5 Corsets T 16 1,502 0.3 2, 711,000 0.1 1,516,000 0.2 119.2 23.1 124.3 24.7 Photo-engraving 27 1,114 0.2 2,678,000 0.1 2, 144,000 0.3 96.2 28.7 93.9 22.1 Gloves and mittens, leather 29 1,309 0.3 2,523,000 0. 1 1,045,000 0.1 49.2 -31.9 24.6 -32.9 Brooms and brushes 119 820 0.2 2, 430,000 0.1 1,041,000 0. 1 44.0 16. 1 27.1 10.4 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ goods 21 732 0.2 2,260,000 0.1 1,278,000 0.2 21.0 50.3 36.2 81.4 Belting and hose, leather 11 233 (*) 2, 188,000 0.1 803,000 0.1 107.4 -22.5 83.3 —6. 4 Cotton goods, including cotton small wares 5 1 319 0 3 2 111 000 n 1 1 no9 non 0 1 244. 4 217.3 Surgicaf appliances and artificial limbs 29 536 0.1 2,099,000 0.1 L 178, 000 0.2 107.8 92.4 96.7 68.7 Fur goods 63 319 0.1 1,929,000 0.1 858,000 0.1 34.7 -38.6 40.0 -42.7 83 804 0 9. 1 1 928 non n 1 1 486 nnn 0 2 105. 1 -5. 1 114.4 -15.2 Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts 14 910 0,2 1,777,000 0. 1 '804; 000 0.1 53.1 -87.0 24.1 -84.3 78.5 0 9 1 1 488 non n 1 911 nnn 0 1 841.8 767.6 Explosives 8 290 0. 1 L 469; 000 0. 1 S34|000 0. 1 106.3 145.5 78.0 105.5 Wallpaper 5 290 0. 1 1,367,000 0.1 665,000 0. 1 25.0 105.6 55.4 64.0 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified 44 444 0. 1 1,. 320, 000 0.1 746,000 0.1 -21.1 84.4 -26.6 110.4 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats 9 499 0 1 1,314,000 0 1 541,000 0. 1 Stereot^ing and electrotyping 21 592 0. 1 1,282,000 0. 1 966,000 0. 1 6.4 79.0 -1.0 68.6 Type founding and printing materials 19 438 0.1 1,248,000 0.1 873,000 0. 1 6.8 -7.1 3.1 —5.6 Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations 58 236 1,230, 000 0.1 661,000 0. 1 86.1 30.1 118.2 -3.2 Dairymen’s, poulterers’, and apiarists’ supplies 29 323 0 1 ' 1 181,000 0 1 606 000 0. 1 4. 4 6. 3 Mirrors 10 353 0. 1 1 ihooiooo 0.1 471,000 0. 1 -21.4 56.4 -33.3 112.7 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and wool 38 463 0. 1 1 1,046,000 0.1 567,000 0. 1 1.9 7.9 15.5 3.8 Bags, other than paper 6 189 (‘) 965,000 0.1 280,000 (‘) 19.3 47.9 67.7 -6.2 Models and patterns, not including paper patterns 81 426 0. 1 889,000 (») 686,000 0.1 64.9 43.7 50. 1 49.3 Show cases 16 386 0. 1 829,000 (’) 539,000 0.1 -2.2 34.4 10.2 47.3 Photographic apparatus and materials 13 284 0.1 740,000 (2) 422,000 0. 1 -8.8 27.1 -19.5 18.0 Electroplating 43 375 0. 1 697,000 m 471,000 0.1 64.0 34.1 56.5 15.3 16 511 0 1 688,000 (2) 514 000 0. 1 “58.6 —58. 8 Buttons 28 548 0.1 676,000 0) 4.39,000 0.1 169.3 3.7 143.9 2.3 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 24 293 0,1 676,000 (*) 363,000 m 20. 1 94. 1 12.7 116.1 Boxes, cigar 18 404 0.1 664,000 (’) 347,000 (’) 15.5 22.3 7.4 29.7 Pumps, not including steam pumps 14 282 0.1 659,000 (=) 331,000 9.3 168.0 -16.2 240.5 Musical instruments and materials, not specified 30 336 0.1 629,000 (*) 451,000 0.1 -6.7 31.1 -3.4 35.0 Shipbuilding, including boat building 23 413 0 1 584,000 (2) 385 000 0. 1 Scales and balances 13 248 (^) 574,000 (2) 329,000 (2) 88.2 -1.0 58.9 -5.5 1,751 41,270 8.9 223,763,000 11 7 78,773,000 10. 4 1 Percentages are based on figures in Table I; a minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. Where the percentages are omitted, comparable figures can not be given. * Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The foregoing table gives separate statistics for 95 industries or industry groups for which products valued at more than $500,000 were reported in 1909. These industries include 8 with products exceeding $50,000,000 in value, 8 with products between $25,000,000 and $50,000,000 in value, and 15 with products between $10,000,000 and $25,000,000 in value, making an aggregate of 31 industries with products in excess of $10,000,000 in value. The other industries shown separately comprise 17 with products between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value, 34 with products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in value, and 13 with products between $500,000 and $1,000,000 in value. In addition to the 95 industries presented separately in the foregoing table, there were 65 other industries 704 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. in the state which reported products in 1909 to the value of $500, 000 or over.’ These industries com- prised 4 with ])roducts exceeding $10,000,000 in value, 6 with products between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value, 40 with ])roducts between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in Auilue, and 15 with products between $500,000 and $1,000,000 in value. These industries are included under the head of “All other industries” in the table, in some cases because the operations of individual establishments would be disclosed if they were shown se})arately; in others, because the returns do not ])roporly present the true condition of the in- duj^try, as it is more or less interwoven with other in- dustries; and in still others, because comparative statistics for 1904 and 1899 can not be presented with- out disclosing the operations of individual establish- ments, or on account of changes in classification. The 1909 statistics, however, for three of these industries — the manufacture of paper bags, cordage and twine and jute and linen goods, and signs and advertising nov- elties — are presented in Table II, ]:)age 740. The most important industries listed in tlfis table in wliich they are arranged in the order of the value of products, call for brief consideration. Slaughtering and meat paclcing.— Ulus classification includes wholesale slaughtering and meat-packing establishments and those engaged in the manufacture of sausage only, but not the operations of the numer- ous slaughterhouses killing for the retail trade, which, in the aggregate, slaughter a large number of animals. Illinois continues to hold first place in this industry, the value of the output in 1909, $389,595,000, forming 28.4 per cent of the total for the industry in the United States and representing an increase of 22.4 per cent as compared with 1904. In 1904 the state’s proportion of the total value of products for this industry was 34.5 per cent, and in 1899, 36.6 per cent. Measured by value of products this is by far the most important ’ These industries are: Awnings, tents, and sails. Bags, paper. Belting and hose, woven and rubber. Butter, reworking. Candles. Cars, street-railroad, not including oper- ations of railroad companies. Cash registers and calculating machines. Coke. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cordials and sirups. Fertilizers. Fireanns and ammunition . Flavoring extracts. Food preparations. Glass, cutting, staining, and ornament- ing. Glucose and starch. Glue. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hair work. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Ink, writing. Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or roll- ing mills. Iron and steel, doors and shutters. Iron and steel forgings. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills. Iron and steel pipe, wrought. Labels and tags. I,ard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. Looking-glass and picture frames. Malt. M ineral and soda waters. Moving pictures. Oil, cottonseed, and cake. Oil, linseed. Oil, not elsewhere speciQed. Oilcloth and hnoleum. Oleomargarine. Optical goods. Petroleum, refining. Roofing materials. Saws. Signs and advertising novelties. Silk and siUr goods , including throwsters. Smelting and refining, lead. Soda-w'ater apparatus. Sporting and athletic goods. Springs, steel, car and carriage. Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified. Statuary and art goods. Sugar and molasses. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Tin plate and terneplate. Toys and games. Typewriters and supplies. Upholstering materials. V inegar and cider. Windmills. Window shades and fixtures. Wire. Wirework, including wire rope and cable. Wood preserving. Wood, turned and carved. Wool scouring. industry in Illinois, contributing a little over one-fifth of the state total for all manufacturing industries in 1 909. Although greatly exceeding any other industry in the state in value of jiroducts, the industry ranked only fourth in average number of wage earners and in value added by manufacture. Foundry and machine-shop products. — This industry includes all foundries and machine shops and similar establishments except those which manufacture a ^distinctive product covered by some other classifica- tion, such as cash registers, sewing machines, and electrical machinery and apparatus. Establishments engaged in the manufacture of bells, cast-iron and cast- I steel pipe, gas machines and gas and water meters, I hardware, steam fittings and heating apparatus, and structural ironwork, some of which were classified separately at previous censuses, are all included under this general heading. This industry ranks second in value of products, wdth 7.2 per cent of the state total for all manufacturing industries, and shows a much greater growth for the five-year period 1904-1909 than for the preceding five-year period. In 1909 it was the leading industry in the state in average number of wage earners employed, having 52,266, or 11.2 per cent of the state total. Clothing, m,en’s, including shirts. — This classification includes the maldng of men’s and boys’ ready-made clothing and of overalls, butchers’ aprons, bathing I suits, and gymnasium clothing, and the manufacture of all kinds of shirts— cotton, linen, flannel, etc. — as well as of shirt bosoms, and of sliirt waists for men and boys. Most of the establishments engaged in this industry in Illinois are located in Chicago. The num- ber of establishments increased from 624 in 1904 to 715 in 1909, the average number of wage earners increased from 21,355 to 36,152, or 69.3 per cent, and the value of products from $57,002,000 to $89,473,000, or 57 per cent. Printing and publishing. — This classification includes the printing and publishing of books, newspapers and periodicals, and music, job printing, bookbinding and blank-book making, steel and copper plate engraving, and lithographing. In this industry Illinois ranks sec- ond only to New York, with a value of products in 1909 forming 1 1 .8 per cent of the total for the United States. There were 2,608 establishments reported in 1909, as against 2,414 in 1904 and 2,150 in 1899. The figures indicate a considerable growdli in the industry through- out the decade. The leading items going to make up the total value of products in 1909 were as follows: Job jirinting, $28,010,000; book and pamphlet printing and publishing, $9,399,000; subscriptions and sales of news- papers, $8,937,000; newspajier advertising, $13,720,- 000; subscriptions and sales of periodicals, $5,722,000; jicriodical advertising, $6,893,000; bookbinding and blank-book making, $5,756,000; and electrotyping, engraving, and lithographing, $5,456,000. Iron and steel, steel xvorhs and rolling mills. — This industry embraces the manufacture of steel and the STATISTICS OK MANUFACTURINGS. 705 hot rolling of iron iiiul stool. It nlso inohulos tho making of forgings and castings and tho mamifacturo of rollod iron and stool into more highly linishod forms when conductod as a part of tho rolling-mill o])ora- tions. It docs not, howevor, ineludo tho making of cold-rollod i)roducts, nor of forgings, castings, and other manufactures of iron and steel by establishments not equipped with steel-making furnaces or hot trains of rolls. There were 24 establishments in Illinois in 1909 coming under this classification, or one more than in 1904. In 1909 this industry ranked fifth in the state in value of products, in 1904 it was fourth, and in 1899 third. From 1904 to 1909 the value of prod- ucts for Illinois increased 44. .3 per cent, as compared with an increase of 46.3 per cent for the entire country for the same period. Of the total value of products for the industry in the United States, Illinois con- tributed 8.8 per cent in 1909 and 8.9 per cent in 1904, holding third position among the states in each year. Iron and steel, Hast furnaces. — These establishments include those engaged in the manufacture of pig iron from the ore. The number of establishments in this industry increased from four in 1904 to six in 1909. In value of products there was an increase of $10,969,000, or 40.1 percent, from 1904 to 1909, as compared with an increase of $12,177,000, or 80.4 per cent, from 1899 to 1904. Illinois contributed $38,300,000, or 9.8 per cent of the total value of products for all blast fur- naces in the United States, in 1909, as compared with $27,331,000, or 11.8 per cent, in 1904, and $15,154,000, or 7.3 per cent, in 1899. At the last three censuses Illinois has ranked third among the states in this industry. The manufacture of wire is a very important branch of the iron and steel industry in Illinois, but the statistics can not be presented separately because of the possible disclosure of individual operations. Seven establishments manufacturing wire were re- ported in 1909 and four in 1904. Agricultural implements. — This classification in- cludes the manufacture of various kinds of seeders and planters, implements of cultivation, harvesting implements, seed separators, etc. There was an over- production of agricultural implements in Illinois in 1903, followed by a curtailment of manufacture in 1904. The figures for 1904, the year covered by the census, are therefore below the normal. The value of the products of the industry shows a decrease of 8.6 per cent in 1904 as compared with 1899, but in 1909 it amounted to $57,268,000, representing an increase of 49.1 per cent as compared with 1904, and of 36.2 per cent as compared with 1899. Illinois is the leading state in this industry, reporting 39.1 per cent of the total value of products for the United States in 1909, 34.3 per cent in 1904, and 41.5 per cent in 1899. Liquors, distilled. — This industry was seventh in the state in 1909 and in 1899 as measured by value of products, and sixth in 1904. In 1909, as in 1904 and 1899, Illinois ranked first ii) this itidiistry in the United States, reporting })rodiicts in 1909 valued at $55,200,000, or 27 per cent of the total for the United States. Of tho total value of j)roducts of this industry in the state in 1909, more than three-fourths ($42,758,000) represents tho Federal internal-revenue tax. The greater part of the distilled li(piors made in Illinois was corn whisky, the state ranking high in the ])roduction of corn. Liquors, malt. — During the five-year period 1904- 1 909 the number of breweries decreased from 1 1 6 to 106, but there was an increase of 365, or 9.1 per cent, in the average number of wage earners and of $4,662,000, or 19.6 per cent, in the value of products. Flour-mill and gristmill products. — This classifica- tion includes mills grinding wheat, rye, barley, buck- wheat, or corn, but it does not include mills doing custom grinding exclusively, or factories making fancy cereals or other food preparations as a chief product. Statistics for custom gristmills, however, are presented separately on page 728. The number of estabhshments reporting increased from 363 in 1904 to 461 in 1909, and during the same period there was a slight increase (54) in the average number of wage earners reported, and an increase of $11,219,000, or 28.1 per cent, in value of products. Lumber and timber products. — This industry em- braces logging operations, sawmills, planing mills, and establishments engaged in the manufacture of wooden packing boxes. It does not include mills engaged exclusively or cliiefly in custom sawing for local con- sumption, statistics for which are given on page 728. Over one-half of the 814 establishments reporting were sawmills, but the greater part of the total value of prod- ucts was reported by the planing mills, which include establishments maldng sash, doors, blinds, stairwork, moldings, and interior woodwork. From 1904 to 1909 the value of products increased $12,211,000, or 37.3 per cent. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam- railroad companies. — Among the manufacturing indus- tries this one is peculiar in that it is practically confined to repairs on the rolling stock and equipment of the railroad companies operating the plants, and that ex- cept to the very limited extent that repair work is done for other companies the amount shown as value of products represents oiiR' the cost of materials added to the expenditure for salaries and wages, etc. The in- dustry does not include minor repairs made in round- houses. From 1904 to 1909 the number of establish- ments decreased from 99 to 73, while the average number of wage earners increased 4,036, or 21.1 per cent, and the value of products $6,738,000, or 26.4 per cent. Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of rail- road companies. — For this industry Illinois reported in 1909 more than one-fifth of the total value of products for the United States. Wliile the number of estab- 706 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. lishitieiits in tlie state increased from 16 in 1904 to 28 in 1909, and the average number of wage earners from 9,036 to 10,945, or 21 .1 per cent, the value of products decreased $3,925,000, or 12.7 per cent. Eighteen of the car construction shops reported in 1909 were in Chicago. The products of tliese plants include sleep- ing cars, dining cars, chair cars, mail, express, and baggage cars, and refrigerator cars, as well as ordinary passenger coaches and many kinds of freight cars. In 1904 Illinois held fu’st place in value of products for this industry in the United States, but in 1909 it stood second. Furniture and refrigerators. — This industry embraces the manufacture of wood and metal furniture of all kinds, refrigerators and ice boxes, and store and office fixtures, with the exception of products, such as show cases, which are provided for by a distinct classifi- cation. This industry shows increases from 1904 to 1909 of 29 per cent in number of establishments, 9.2 per cent in average number of wage earners, and 24.6 per cent in value of products. Fdectrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. — The most important products of the establishments in this industry in Illinois are insulated wires and cables and telephone apparatus. From 1904 to 1909 the number of establishments increased from 104 to 143, the average number of wage earners increased 3,510, or 57.2 per cent, and the value of products $10,126,000, or 60.6 per cent. During the preceding five-year period the number of estabhshmeiits increased from 82 to 104, the number of wage earners increased 1.4 per cent, and the value of products, 37.2 per cent. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. — This classifica- tion comprises the manufacture of all sheet-metal products of copper, tin, and sheet iron, including the preparation of copper, tin, or sheet-iron materials for building construction. Between 1904 and 1909 the number of establishments increased from 288 to 483, the average number of wage earners increased 1,828, or 32.4 per cent, and the value of products, $7,438,000, or 48.3 per cent. In this industry Illinois held second place in the United States in 1909, with 11.4 per cent of the total value of products. Gas, illuminating and heating. — The number of estab- lishments in this industry increased from 64 in 1904 to 78 in 1909, and the total value of products increased $5,044,000, or 31.5 per cent. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and mate- rials. — This classification covers, in general, the manu- facture of pianos, organs, and piano-players, and materials used in their construction, such as piano cases, strings, keys, keyboards, jicdal attachments, sounding boards, and back frames, organ reeds, pijies, and stops, and piano and organ hardware. It does not include the manufacture of band and orchestral instruments, such as horns, clarinets, flutes, drums, violins, and similar instruments, which are included under the head of “Musical instruments and mate- rials, not specified.” In 1909 there were 68 establish- ments in the industry, as compared with 56 in 1904, and the number of wage earners increased 1,269, or 16.9 per cent, during the five-year period. The value of products shows an increase of 43.9 per cent, as against an increase of 63.4 per cent for the five-year period 1899-1904. Measured by value of products Illinois ranked second in this industry in the United States in 1909, 1904, and 1899, the value of its prod- ucts forming 21.4 })er cent of the total for the country in 1909, and practically 20 per cent in both 1904 and 1899. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — The number of establishments in this industry shows a decrease of 1 10, or over one-fourth, from 1904 to 1909, and a decrease of 122 from 1899 to 1904. The average number of wage earners increased 17 per cent from 1899 to 1904, but in 1909 the number was practically the same as in 1904. The value of products increased only 3.1 per cent in the earlier five-year period, while in the later period it increased 34.1 per cent. The changes shown for the decade indicate the abandonment of many of the small factories and an increase in the output of the larger ones. Condensed milk is the most important of the products. The state ranked second in the value of condensed milk produced in 1909 (New York leading), seventh in the value of cheese, and eighth in the value of butter. In the total value of products for the industry the state held fifth j)lace in 1909, as compared with fourth place in both 1904 and 1899. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings . — Under this head are included factories making boots and shoes and those whose chief products are cut stock and findings, as well as shops specially engaged in stitching, crimping, fitting, and bottoming, or perform- ing other special oj^erations in connection with the manufacture of boots and shoes. The manufacture of footwear not coming strictly under the head of “Boots and shoes,” such as overgaiters, moccasins, and leg- gings, is also covered by this designation. There were decreases from 1899 to 1904 in the number of establish- ments, average number of wage earners, and value of products, but there was a decided increase in the in- dustry during the five-year ])eriod 1904-1909 and a net increase during the decade. Clothing, women’s. — In addition to the making of suits, dresses, skirts, and shirtwaists, this industry includes the manufacture of women’s underwear and night robes, of infants’ clothing, and of such articles as belts, dress shields, and hose su])porters. From 1904 to 1909 there was an increase of 30, or 15.7 per cent, in the number of establishments in this industry; of 1,461, or 31.2 per cent, in the average number of wage earners; and of $4,398,000, or 35.9 ))er cent, in the value of ])roducts. Patent medicines and compounds ami druggists’ preparations. — Under this head are included estab- lishments making so-called j)atont medicines and also some compounds that are not used for medicinal j)urposes, and those manufacturing capsules, extracts, STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 707 tinctures, and other pharinaeeuticals, and perfumery and cosmetics. There was a decrease of 1.5 per cent m the value of products of tliis industry, and of 12 per cent in the value added by manufacture during the five-year period 1904-1909, wdiile during the preceding five-year period there were increases of 103.6 per cent and 118.8 per cent, respectively. Measured by value of products, the state ranked third in this industry in the United States in 1909, with 9.2 ])er cent of the total for the country as a whole. Automobiles, including bodies and parts . — There was a remarkable growth in the manufacture of auto- mobiles during the five-year period 1904-1909. The number of establishments increased from 12 to 65 ; the average number of wage earners employed, from 167 to 2,382; and the value of products, from $357,000 to $7,154,000. The rank of the industries shown in the table on pages 702 and 703, on the basis of value added by manufacture is somewhat different from their rank as determined by value of products. Slaughtering and meat packing drops from first place to fourth, the men’s clothing industry from third to fifth, and the steel works and rolling mills from fifth to seventh, while the foundry and machiae-shop, printing and publishing, and distillery industries become first, second, and third, respectively. The manufacture of agricultural implements, the lumber industry, and the manufac- ture of paint and varnish are the only industries presented separately in the table which maintain the same rank in both cases, being sixth, ninth, and twen- tieth, respectively. In those industries in which the manufacturing processes are comparatively simple or are carried on largely by the aid of machinery, the value added by manufacture is not commensurate with the gross value of products and the rank on the basis of value added by manufacture is much lower than the rank on the basis of value of products. This is espe- cially noticeable in the flour-mill and gristmill indus- try, which drops from eighth place in value of products to twenty-eighth in value added by manufacture; the blast furnaces, which drop from tenth place to twenty- second; the roasting and grinding of coffee and spice, which drops from twenty-second place to thirty-first; and the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry, which drops from twenty-fourth place to thirty-fifth. Of the 83 industries presented in this table for which comparative data can be given for both five-year periods, 34 show a greater rate of increase in value of products for the later than for the earlier period; 29 show a lower rate; and 10 show a decrease for the period 1904-1909, while 10 others show a decrease for the period 1899-1904. As stated in the Introduction, each establishment, as a whole, has been assigned to a given classification according to its products of chief value, so that the figures for any given industry must not be taken either as fully covering or as representing exclusively the operations of that branch of manufacturing indi- cated by the industry designation. Therefore, in considering the relative imj)ortancc of the industries shown in the preceding table or in Table II, page 740, it should be noted that the figures for several of the industries listed fall short of being a complete pres- entation of the statistics for the branch of manufac- turing covered by the industry designation. Some conspicuous examples of tliis kind in Illinois are the following industries, in each of which the value of the })roducts reported in 1909 by establishments included under other classifications exceeded $1,000,000: Can- ning and preserving, carriages and wagons and ma- terials, chemicals, women’s clothhig, foundry and ma- clune-shop products, and patent medicines and com- pounds and druggists’ preparations. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries. — The follomng table shows, for 1909, the distribution of the number of persons engaged in manufactures, the aver- age number of wage earners being distributed by sex and age. It should be borne in mind, however, that the sex and age classification of the average number of wage earners m this and other tables is an estimate obtained by the method described in the Introduction. PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. CLASS. Total. Male. Female. 561, 044 465, 139 95,905 33,011 32,507 1,044 Proprietors and firm members 17,357 6, 704 9,490 01,669 405,704 16,725 6,548 9,294 46, 390 386, 182 032 216 196 15,279 79,582 Salaried officers of corporations Superintendents and managers 458,847 0,917 382,691 3,491 76, 156 3,426 The average number of persons engaged in manu- factures during 1909 was 561,044, of whom 465,764 were wage earners. Of the remainder, 33,611 were proprietors and officials and 61,669 were clerks. Cor- responding figures for individual industries will be found in Table II, page 740. The next table shows, for 1909, the percentage of proprietors and officials, clerks, and wage earners, respectively, among the total number of persons em- ployed in manufactures. It covers all industries combined atid 40 important industries individually. Of the total number of persons engaged in aU manufacturing industries, 6 per cent were proprietors and officials, 11 per cent clerks, and 83 per cent wage earners. The highest percentage of proprietors and officials shown for any individual industry, 34.3, is for the butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry. Many of the establishments in this industr}^ are carried on by cooperative associations, and from the informa- tion contained in the reports it was often impossible positively to distinguish such associations from part- nershi]>s. It is probable, therefore, that members of some of these cooperative associations have been 708 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. tabulated as partners. In the flour-mill and gristmill, tobacco, and bakery industries also the percentage of proprietors and odicials is high. In these industries the majority of the establishments are small and the work is to a large extent done by the ])roprietors or their immediate representatives, so that the propor- tion of persons engaged in these industries falling into the class of ])roprictors and olhcials is very much higher than for most other industries or for sill indus- tries combined. INDUSTRY. Per cent of total. Total number. Propri- etors and officials. Clerks. Wage earners (average num- ber). All Industries 561, 044 6.0 11.0 83.0 Agricultural implements 21,511 3.0 7.5 89.4 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 2,804 5.8 9.2 85.0 Baking powders and yeast Boots and shoes, including cut stock and 1, 133 5.2 36.8 58.0 findings 6, 392 2.4 7.0 90.6 Bread and other bakery products 12,506 20.5 11.0 68.5 Brick and tile 7,347 8.5 2.0 89.5 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 3,000 34.3 8.0 57.7 Canning and preserving 2,800 8.1 6.8 85.1 Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general sliop construction and re- 6,746 8.0 5.3 86.7 pairs by steam-railr oad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including opera- 24, 406 1.6 3.6 94.8 tions of railroad companies Clocks and watches, including cases and 11,782 1.7 5.4 92.9 materials 5,883 0.8 2.9 96.3 Clothing, mens’, including shirts 41,122 3.1 9.0 87.9 Clothing, women’s 7,279 5.6 9.9 84.5 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding 1,792 5.2 37.9 56.8 Confectionery 4,622 4.8 13.0 82.2 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- 8,897 8.8 7.2 84.0 pUes 11,854 3.6 15.1 81.3 Flour-mill and gristmill products 3,634 21.9 10.3 67.8 Foundry and nTachine-shop products Furnishing goods, men’s 61,303 4.9 9.8 85.3 3,116 3.8 9.9 86.3 Furniture and refrigerators 15,240 4.6 6.3 89. 1 Gas, illuminating and heating 8,020 3.4 18.1 78.6 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 2,927 1.3 13.6 85.2 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. 19, 437 1.5 8.0 90.5 Leather goods 3,569 8.0 9.3 82.6 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 3,194 2.5 3.6 94.0 Liquors, distilled 851 3.8 8.1 88.1 Liquors, malt 5,361 6.8 11.2 82.0 Lumber and timber products 19,025 7.7 5.2 87. 1 Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs 3,987 6.0 10.5 83.5 and materials 9,628 2.3 6.6 91.2 Paint and varnish Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists’ preparations 2,906 8.1 30.2 61.7 3,902 14.1 38.0 47.9 Printing and publishing 43,074 10.2 23.3 66.5 Slaughtering and meat packing. 32,642 1.0 17.1 81.8 Smelting and refining, zinc 2,034 1.8 3.7 94.5 Soap Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil 3,408 2.8 33.0 64.2 stoves 5,223 3.8 10.0 86.1 Tobacco manufactures 10,707 21. 1 3.9 75.0 All other industries 115,920 6.7 10.7 82.6 PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. On account of the large average number of wage earners per establishment in certain industries, the proportion of proprietors and officials in the industry is small. The more im])ortant industries of this class are the manufacture of clocks and watches, slaughter- ing and meat packing, blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills, steam-railroad repair shops, car construc- tion shops, and the smelting and refining of zinc. The following table shows, for 1909, in percentages, for all industries combined, the distribution of the average number of wage earners by age periods, and of those 16 years of age and over by sex, calculated in the manner described in the Introduction. It also shows, for some of the imjiortant industries separately, a similar distribution of wage earners as reported for December 15, or the nearest representative day. As a means of judging the importance of the several industries the average number em])loyed for the year is also given in each case. WAGE EARNEE.S. INDUSTRY. All Industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and parts Baking powders and yeast Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile Butter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and preserving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam-railroad companies Cars, steam-railroad, not including opera- tions of railroad companies Clocks and watches, including cases and ma- terials Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furnishing goods, men’s Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills.. Leather goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials Paint and varnish Patent medicines and compounds and drug- gists’ preparations Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, zinc Soap Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves Tobacco manufactures Ail other industries Average number.i Per cent of total. 16 years of age and over. Male. ' Female. ; i Under 16 years of age. 465, 764 82.2 16.3 1.5 19,240 98.7 1.2 0.1 2,382 98.6 1.4 657 45.1 54.0 0.9 5,792 61.2 33.0 .5.8 8,611 79.4 19.3 1.3 6,574 99.3 0.7 1,732 79.3 i9.9 0.8 2,383 48.6 48.0 3.4 5,852 98.1 1.7 0.2 23, 131 99.8 0.2 (2) 10,945 99.6 0.4 5,665 55.0 44.4 0.6 36, 152 47.0 50.3 2.8 6,151 31.1 67.4 1.5 1,018 55.9 41.2 2.9 3,799 34.4 58.9 6.7 7,473 85.3 13.0 1.7 9,641 75.3 24.3 0.5 2,464 99.3 0.6 0.1 52, 266 97.2 2.4 0.4 2,688 12.4 84.2 3.4 13,575 96.4 2.3 1.3 6,301 100.0 2,493 100.0 17,584 99.8 0.1 0.1 2,949 86.5 12.3 1.1 3,001 99.8 0.2 750 94.4 5.6 4,, 398 98.0 1.4 0.6 16,567 98.0 0.8 1.1 3,328 18.8 75.4 5.8 8,777 91.0 5.5 3.5 1,792 89.0 10.3 0.8 1,869 4,3.2 48.7 8.1 28,644 74.1 23.3 2.6 26,705 88.8 11.0 0.1 1.922 99.3 0.7 2.188 69.7 24.9 5.4 4.499 99.2 (2) 0.8 8. 034 60.1 28.9 2.0 95,772 78.5 19.2 2.3 1 For method of estimating the distribution, by se.x and age periods, of the average number in all industries combined, see Introduction. 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In all manufacturing industries combined, 82.2 per cent of the average number of wage earners in 1909 were males 16 years of age and over; 16.3 per cent, females 16 years of age and over; and 1.5 per cent, children under the age of 16. The men’s clothing industry emjiloyed more women than any other one industry, and together with the women’s clothing and men’s furnishing goods industries, employed nearly one-third of the total number of female wage earners 16 yeai-s of age and over reported for the state. Other industries em])loying large num- bers of female wage earners were printing and pub- lishing, slaughtering and meat jiacking, and the manufacture of clocks and watches, millinery and lace goods, electrical machinery, tobacco products, and fancy and paper boxes. Of tlie industries presented in the table above, those which show the highest pro- ])ortion of female wage earners 16 years of age or over STATISTICS OF MANUFACrrURES. 709 aro the men’s furnishing goods industry, with 84.2 per cent; the millinery and lace goods industry, with 75.4 per cent; and the women’s clothing industry, witli 67.4 per cent. Statistics for a number of otlier less important industries in which the female wage earners predominate will be found in Tal)le II, page 740. Of tlie wage earnem under 16 years of age, 40.9 per cent were emploj^ed in tlie seven industries wliich reported an average of over 200 such wage earners each. These industries were the men’s clothing industry, with an average of 995; printing and publishing, with 739; the manufacture of fancy and paper boxes, with 410; the boot and shoe industry, with 334; the manu- facture of pianos and organs, with 309; the confec- tionery industry, with 255; and foundries and machine shops, with 202. The proportion of children in the total number of wage earners was highest (8.1 per cent) in the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds, but the average number employed was only 151. In order to compare the distribution of persons engaged in manufactures in 1909 with that shown at the census of 1904, it is necessary to use the classifica- tion employed at the earlier census. (See Introduc- tion.) 'The following table makes this comparison according to occupational status: PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURES. CLASS. 1909 1904 Per cent of in- crease, 1904- 1909. N umber. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Total 561,044 100.0 447, 947 100.0 25.2 Proprietors and firm members 17,357 3.1 13,990 3.1 24.1 Salaried employees 77, 923 13.9 54,521 12.2 42.9 Wage earners (average number) 405, 704 83.0 379, 436 84.7 22.8 Comparable figures are not obtainable for 1899. Salaried employees show the greatest percentage of increase and constitute the only class forming a larger proportion of the total in 1909 than in 1904. The following table shows the average number of wage earners, distributed according to age periods, and in the case of those 16 years of age and over accord- ing to sex, for 1909, 1904, and 1899. The averages for 1909 are estimated on the basis of the actual num- ber reported for a single representative day. (See Introduction.) CLASS. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1909 1904 1899 Number. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Number. Percent distri- bution. Total 465, 764 100.0 379,436 100.0 332, 871 100.0 16 years of age and over.. 458,847 98.5 374, 490 98.7 322, 928 97.0 Male 382, 691 82.2 314,091 82.8 275,006 82.6 Female 76, 156 16.4 00, 399 15.9 47, 922 14.4 Under 16 years of age 6,917 1.5 4,946 1.3 9,943 3.0 7.5100°— 13 46 Tlie proportion of wage earners under 16 years of age in all manufacturing industiies combined was only one-half as great in 1909 as in 1899. There was a moderate increase during the decade, however, in the proportion of female wage earners 16 years of age or over, while the pro[)ortion of males 16 years of age or over shows a slight decrease. Wage earners employed, by months. — The following tabular statement gives the numbe'’ of wage earners employed on the 15th of each month during the year 1909 for all industiies combined; it also gives the percentage which the number reported for each month is of the greatest number reported for any month. In Table II, page 740, are shown, for practically all of the important industries in the state, the largest number and the smallest number of wage earners reported for any month. The figures are for the 15th day, or the nearest representative day, of the month. MONTH. WAGE EARNERS. MONTH. WAGE EARNERS. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. January February March April May June 438,594 442,881 452,503 455, 145 454,905 459,375 88.0 88.8 90.8 91.3 91.2 92. 1 July August September October November December 454,410 460,414 481,796 493,928 496,452 498,640 91.1 92.3 96.6 99.1 99.6 100.0 In the number of wage earners employed in all industries combined there was an almost continuous increase throughout the year. This was no doubt due to general business conditions rather than to the employment of labor in the so-called seasonal indus- tries. The maximum number was employed in Decem- ber, and the minimum number, which was 88 per cent of the maximum, in January. There are no very important seasonal industries in Illinois, but among the industries which show a con- siderable fluctuation in the number of wage earners employed throughout the year may be mentioned canning and preserving, with a maximum of 6,539 wage earners in September and a minimum of 1,013, or 15.5 per cent of the maximum, in January; the glass industry, with a maximum of 4,396 in April and May and a minimum of 1,441, or 32.8 per cent of the maximum, in September; the manufacture of artificial stone, with a maximum of 1,040 in June and a mini- mum of 369, or 35.5 per cent of the maximum, in Janu- ary; the artificial-ice industry, with a maximum of 1,134 in August and a minunum of 479, or 42.2 per cent of the maximum, in January; and the brick and tile industry, with a maximum of 8,302 in June and a minimum of 3,795, or 45.7 per cent of the maximum, in January. While these five industries show con- siderable variations, the total number of wage earners employed in them was too small to affect materially the variation in employment for all industries com- bined. 710 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Prevailing hours of labor, — In the following table wage earners have been classiliecl according to the hours of labor ])rovailing in the establishments in which they are emj)loye(l. In making this classifica- tion the average number of wage earners employed during the year is used, and the number em[)loyed in each establishment is classified as a total according to the hours ])rcvailing in that establishment, even though a few employees work a greater or less number of hours. Of the wage earners employed in the manufacturing industries of Illinois in 1909, 69.2 per cent worked in establishments where the prevailing hours of labor ranged from 54 to 60 a week. Only 8.1 per cent worked in establishments where the prevailing hours exceeded 60 a week, and only 22.7 per cent in estab- lishments where they were less than 54 a week. All of the wage earners in the blast-furnace industry and nearly all of those in the cement and gas industries worked in establishments where the prevailing hours exceeded 72 a week, while nearly three-fifths of those in the steelworks and rolling mills were in establish- ments where the prevailing hours were at least 72 a week. In the breweries, printing and publishing estabhshments, and tobacco factories, on the other hand, the majority of the wage earners worked 48 hours or less per week. INDUSTRY. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS GROUPED ACCORDING TO PREV AILING HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK. Total. 48 and under. Between 48 and 54. 54. Between 54 and 60. 60. Between CO and 72. 72. Over 72.' Ail industries 465, 764 65,055 50,781 120, 236 95,908 106,090 10, 222 12,389 15,083 19,240 386 13, 664 5,077 113 '785 125 18 178 39 '425 2,382 46 250 994 363 713 16 183 11 6 4 142 21 V ■ 189 79 15 74 21 Baking powders and yeast 657 38 11 98 416 46 48 233 13 55 157 8 ;'«■ . 910 3 3 882 15 7 Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations 236 19 40 108 56 13 ■ Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves Surgical appliances and artificial limbs Tobacco manufactures Type founding and printing materials Wml paper Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats All other industries Total. 48 and under. Between 48 and 54. 54. Between 54 and 60. 00. Between 60 and 72. 72. Over 72. 16,567 870 461 4,882 5,231 5,087 3 1 32 2,226 1,057 148 629 153 211 28 '831 45 73 207 240 266 3,328 557 1,348 688 626 109 353 ' 160 91 102 426 71 85 171 32 67 336 5 37 240 54 8,777 121 564 4,604 842 2,646 1,792 152 217 ' 148 982 '281 12 1,397 189 446 138 624 1,317 122 201 316 640 38 1,869 569 641 505 154 99 1 '284 21 15 92 156 1,114 778 265 56 3 12 3,157 613 2 141 1,185 1,216 28,644 18,064 4,496 3,983 1,293 629 57 122 282 7 25 71 179 248 1 86 23 123 15 1,713 663 776 274 '413 39 314 60 386 3 IS 140 138 90 26,705 2,900 45 1,143 57 22,557 3 1^922 702 698 522 '369 112 5 101 17 88 46 2,188 8 95 19 49 2,015 2 592 592 4,499 430 53 1,107 811 2,098 '536 36 7 '478 10 5 8,034 4,963 700 508 1,028 833 2 438 21 71 346 290 10 196 84 499 3 107 108 281 41,270 3,347 4,729 8, 166 11,045 10,250 819 186 2, 728 Location of establishments. — The following table shows the extent to which the manufactures of Illi- nois are centralized in incorporated places of 10,000 inhabitants or over. (See Introduction.) Owing to the fact that the statistics for Cicero were not tabulated separately for 1899, the figures shown in the table for 1899 fall short to that extent of a complete presentation of the manufactures statistics for the incorporated places haidng a population of over 10,000 in 1900. In 1909, however, Cicero and Oak Park (which was organized from part of Cicero in 1902) employed an average of only 940 wage earners in manufacturing industries, while the com- bined value of their manufactured products was only $2,578,861, figures which are in each case equivalent to less than one-half of 1 per cent of the corresponding totals for 1899 for incorporated places having a population of 10,000 or over, so that the effect of the omission upon the statistics is negligible. ITEM. Year. Aggregate. CTTIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVER. DISTRICTS OUTSIDE OP CITIES, TOWNS. AND VILLAGES HAV- ING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND OVER. Total. 10,000 to 25,000. 25,000 to 100,000. 100,000 and over. Number or amount. Percent of total. Number or amount. Percent of total. Number or amount. Percent of total . Number or amount. Percent of total. Number or amount. Percent of total. Population 1910 5,638,591 2,950,963 52.3 331,285 5.9 434,395 7.7 2,185,283 38.8 2,687,628 47.7 1900 4,821,560 2,218,030 46.0 302,885 6.3 216,570 4.5 1,698,575 35.2 2,603,520 54.0 Number of establishments 1909 18,026 12,525 69.5 1,079 6.0 1,790 9.9 9,656 53.6 5,501 30.5 1899 14,374 9, 695 67.4 1,080 7.5 947 6.0 7,668 53.3 4,679 32.6 Average number of wage 1909 465,764 379,741 81.5 33,446 7.2 52,318 11.2 293,977 63.1 86,023 18.5 earners. 1899 332,871 279,322 83.9 31,372 9.4 26, 759 8.0 221,191 66.4 53,549 16. 1 Value of products 1909 *1,919, 276, .594 51,595,135,086 83.1 5111,599,951 5.8 *202,364,554 10.5 *1,281,171,181 06.8 *324,140,908 16.9 1899 1,120,868,308 957,089,720 85.4 59,860,869 5.3 99,349,710 8.9 797,879,141 71.2 163,778,588 14.6 Value added by manufacture. . 1909 758,349,904 639,383,749 84.3 46,860,440 0.2 104,821,851 13.8 487,701,458 64.3 118,966,155 15.7 1899 439,418,186 378,306,775 86. 1 29,120,558 6.6 53,529,477 12.2 295,656,740 67.3 61,111,411 13.9 In 1909, 83.1 per cent of the total value of products was reported from incorporated places having over 10,000 inhabitants, and 81.5 per cent of the average number of wage earners were employed in such places. The figures indicate that, except in number of estab- lishments, the manufacturing interests in the territory outside of such incorporated places gained somewhat, on the whole, during the last decade, in their propor- tions of the respective totals for the state, in spite of the greater increase in population in the cities. The make-up of the several groups shown in the table has been affected by the increase in population 712 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. of certain of the cities. There were 19 incor])orated j)l!u;os having i)otween 10,000 and 25,000 inhabitants in 1900, 5 of which — Decatur, Aurora, Danville, Elgin, and Bloomington — had ])assed the 25,000 mark in i)opulation by 1910, while 1 city — Ottawa — droj)})od out of the grou}) through a decline in popula- tion. These losses were ])artially made up, however, by the addition in 1910 of the cities of Waukegan, Cliic.ago Heights, Champaign, Mattoon, Lincoln, and Canton, as the result of increases in their population during the decade, while the number of places included in the group was further increased by the organization of Oak Park from part of Cicero in 1902. This group shows a decrease in its proportion of the total for every item presented in the table except value of products, for which it shows an increase from 5.3 per cent of the state total in 1899 to 5.8 per cent in 1909. The influ- ence of the addition of the five cities named above to the group comprising the cities having between 25,000 and 100,000 inhabitants, which increased the number of cities included from 6 to 11, is reflected in the larger proportions which the group contributed to the various totals in 1909 as compared with 1899. Chicago, the only city havuig more than 100,000 inhabitants, shows a decrease in its proportions of the total for all items except number of establishments. Of the total num- ber of wage earners employed in Illinois in 1909, 63.1 per cent were in Chicago, and 66.8 per cent of the total value of products was credited to this city. The cor- responding figures for 1899 were 66.4 per cent and 71.2 per cent, respectively. The following statement shows the principal statis- tics for 1909 and 1899 for Ottawa, which had a popu- lation in 1900 in excess of 10,000 but which fell below this figure in 1910: 1909 1899 Population 9,535 52 10,588 57 Number of establishments 1,071 1 020 $2,467,9,S5 .?1,507,6()2 $1,7.27,884 $986,632 In the decade 1899-1909 the value of manufactured products for Ottawa increased 42 per cent and the value added by manufacture 52.8 per cent. The lead- ing industries in 1909 were the manufacture of glass, pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products, agricul- tural implements, carriages and wagons, and pianos. Forty-six per cent of the total number of wage earn- ers were employed in the first two industries named. The population, in 1910 and 1900, of the 32 incor- porated places which had 10,000 inhabitants or over in 1910, and of Ottawa, which had over 10,000 inhab- itants in 1900 but less than that number in 1910, is given in the next tabular statement. CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE. Chicago Peoria East St. Louis Springfield Rockford Quincy Joliet Decatur Aurora Danville Elgin Bloomington Evanston Rock Island Moline Galesburg Belleville 1910 1900 CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE. 1910 1900 2, 185,283 1,698,575 Oak Park 19,444 (') 66,950 56, 100 Freeport 17,567 13,2.58 58,547 29,655 Alton 17,528 14,210 51,678 34, 159 W aukegan 16,069 9,426 45,401 31,051 Jacksonville 15,326 14,557 15,078 36,587 36,252 Cicero 16,310 34,070 29,353 Cairo 14,548 12,566 31,140 20, 754 Chicago Heights.. 14,525 5,100 29,807 24, 147 Streator 14,253 14,079 27,871 16,354 Kankakee 13,986 13,595 25,976 22,433 Champaign 12,421 9,098 25,768 23,286 La Salle 11,537 10,446 24,978 19,259 Mattoon 11,456 9,622 24,335 19,493 Lincoln 10,892 8,962 24, 199 17,248 Canton 10,453 6,564 22,089 21, 122 18,607 17, 484 Ottawa 9,535 10,588 1 Not incorporated in 1900. The relative industrial importance of each of the 32 municipalities having a population of 10,000 or over in 1910 is shown in the following table, in which the value of products and the average number of wage earners are shown separately for 1909, 1904, and 1899, so far as comparative figures can be given: CITY, TOWN, OB |l AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. I VALUE OF FRODUCTS. 1909 1904 1899 1909 1904 1899 Cliicago 293. 977 241,984 221,191 $1,281,171,181 .$955,036,277 $797, 879, 141 Peoria > 5,981 5,834 5,996 03,061,155 60,419,598 44,509,371 Joliet ' 6,383 5,792 5,792 38,810,523 32,897,110 26, 131,625 Rockford 9,309 7,239 5,851 22,265,740 15,276, 129 11,021.550 Moline 5,449 3,987 4.138 20, 891, 668 13.158,429 9,302,054 Waukegan 1 3,090 2,265 495 19,984,082 10,994,247 732,794 East St. Louis L 5,252 4,505 3,106 18,227,960 10,586,320 6, 241, 391 Quincy 4,032 4, 602 3,815 11,435,572 10, 748, 224 7,918,728 Elgin 6,094 4.885 4,376 11,119,070 9,349,274 6,386,243 Aurora 5,095 4,078 3,949 10,954,175 7.329,028 5,638,191 Chicago Heights 3,953 (^) 10, 839, 268 (2) (^) Aiton 2,429 3,009 2,174 10,096,333 8,696,814 4,250,389 Decatur 2, 699 2,340 1,920 9,767,988 8, 667, 302 5,133,677 Springfield 3, 652 3,071 2,199 8,497,245 5,796, 637 3,467,045 Freeport 2,853 1,516 1,333 7,811,277 3,109,302 2.707,915 Rock Island 1,754 1,703 1,885 5,386, 776 5,332,967 4,621,530 La Salle 1,293 1,197 917 5,307,551 3,158.173 3,309,413 Bloomington . . . 2,077 2,275 1,671 4,867,930 5,777,060 3,011,899 Belleville 1,872 1,765 1,335 4,614,698 4,356, 615 2,873.334 Cairo 1,237 1,435 1,501 4,440,148 4,381,465 3,116,515 Evanston 837 738 400 3,778,298 2,550,529 830.020 Danville 1,744 1.884 957 3.350.596 3,304,120 1,913,762 Canton 1,262 (-) (*) 2,941,625 (}) {-) Galesburg 1,465 1,447 1,070 2,919,091 2 , 211 . in 1,4.50,092 Kankakee 1,,349 1,038 377 2, 723, 171 2,089,143 648,713 Jacksonville 947 899 1.066 2,298,700 1,981.582 1, 684, 260 Streator 1,275 1,544 1.233 2,137,252 1.888,894 1,244,978 Cicero 658 C“) (^) 1.461, 164 (*) (“) Mattoon 948 1,022 632 1,434,420 1,308,781 764,403 Oak Park 282 (5) (•’) 1,117,697 (») (’) Champaign 273 289 245 846, 489 486, 229 353,990 Lincoln 220 230 188 570,243 784,248 375,167 ' Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only tor those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. 2 Figures not available. 3 Not incorporated in 1900. Every city for which comparative statistics can be given, except Bloomington and Lincoln, shows an increase in value of products from 1904 to 1909, and all but La Salle an increase fi’om 1899 to 1904. The greatest gain, 151.2 per cent, was made by Freeport, and was due largely to the increased ])roduction of carriages and wagons, windmills, and patent medicines and compounds. A gain of 81.8 per cent was made by Waukegan, mainly on account of the increased production of glucose and of steel-works and rolling- mill products. The next largest increase, 72 .2 per cent, STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 713 is shown for East St. Louis, and was due principally to largo increases in the output of the stcam-raihoad repair shops, Hour mills and gristmills, chemical works, paint works, and foundries and machine shops. Chicago, with manufactured products valued at $1,281,171,181 and an average of 293,977 wage earners in manufacturing industries in 1909, is not only the most important manufacturing city in Illinois but ranks second only to New York City in the United States as a whole. In fact, there were only four states besides Illinois (namely. New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Ohio), which had a greater value of products in 1909 than the city of Chicago. The percentage of increase from 1904 to 1909 in average number of wage earners was 21.5 and in value of products, 34.1, as com- pared with corresponding percentages of 9.4 and 19.7, respectively, for the preceding five-year period. The rates of increase for Chicago from 1904 to 1909, how- ever, were a little below those shown for the entire state. The leading industries of Chicago for which statistics can be presented separately, arranged in the order of value of products, are shown in the following table which gives the absolute and relative increase in this respect between 1904 and 1909, and also the percentage which the value of products for each industry repre- sents of the corresponding total for the state : VALUE OF PRODUCTS. INDUSTRY. Amount. Per cent of total for the Increase over 1904.> indus- try for the state. Amount. Per cent. All industries $1,281,171,000 66.8 $326,135,000 34.1 Slaughtering and meat packing 325, 002,000 83.4 54,513,000 20. 1 Foundry and machine-shop products. 89,609,000 64.7 21,178,000 30.9 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 85,296,000 9.5.3 30,670,000 56. 1 Printing and publishing 74,211,000 85. 1 21,178,000 39.9 Iron and steel, steelworks and rolling mills 45,984,000 53.1 21,144,000 85.1 Lumber and timber products 32,709,000 72.8 12,901,000 65. 1 Bread and other bakery products 26,908,000 74.5 6,254,000 30.3 Cars, steam-railroad, hot including operations of railroad companies. . . 20,892,000 77.4 -2,907,000 -12.2 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 20,669,000 77.0 4.377.000 2.850.000 26.9 Furniture and refrigerators 20,512,000 73.5 16. 1 Soy) Ck)ffee and spice, roasting and grind- ing 19,939,000 98.8 6,169,000 44.8 19,593,000 99.2 4,030,000 25.9 Liquors, malt 19,512,000 68.6 2,529,000 14.9 Paint and varnish 18,942,000 92.7 6,277,000 49.6 Tobacco manufactures 16,633,000 70.1 5,616,000 51.0 Clothing, women’s 15,677,000 94.2 4,040,000 34.7 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies 15,359,000 47.7 4,187,000 37,5 Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished 13,244,000 88.8 3,824,000 40.6 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. 12,242,000 53.0 4, 105,000 50.4 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 11,487,000 59.9 2,999,000 35.3 Confectionery 11,222,000 10,360,000 87.7 4,672,000 -1,582,000 71.3 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations 79.0 -13.2 ' A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. The great importance of the slaughtering and meat- pafeking industry in Chicago is apparent when it is noted that its value of products formed 25.4 per cent of the total for all manufacturing industries in the city and 23.7 per cent of the United States total for the industry. Comparative statistics for 60 less important industries, in addition to the 22 shown in the preceding table, are presented for Chicago in Table I, page 733. In addition to the 82 industries presented sepa- rately for Chicago in Table I, page 733, there were 49 others which, for various reasons, are included under the head of ‘'All other industries.” Some of these industries were among the most important in the city, 49 reporting products in 1909 exceeding $1,000,000 in value.' Of these, 4 reported products valued at $10,000,000 or over; 7 reported products between $5,000,000 and $10,000,000 in value; and 38 reported products between $1,000,000 and $5,000,000 in value. Peoria, the second city of the state in respect to manufactures, had products in 1909 valued at $63,- 061,155, an increase of 4.4 per cent over the figure for 1904. Though the total value of its manufactured products amounted to less than 5 per cent of that for Chicago, Peoria is known widely on account of its distilleries, the value of the products of which in 1909 formed 70.7 per cent of the total for all manufactur- ing industries of the city. The value of products reported by the four distilleries of Peoria formed a little more than four-fifths of the total for this in- dustry in Illinois, and over one-fifth of the total for the entire country. Other important industries were: Slaughtering and meat packing, cooperage, and print- ing and publishing; the manufacture of agricultural implements, and of food preparations; and the brew- eries, foundries and machine shops, flour mills and gristmills, and bakeries. Joliet holds third place among the manufacturing cities of lUmois. The value of its manufactured products increased 18 per cent and the average num- ber of wage earners in the manufacturing industries, 10.2 per cent between 1904 and 1909. The most im- portant industries of the city in 1909 wore steel works and rolling mills, blast furnaces, and the manufacture of wire, and of coke, each of which was represented by one establishment. Over one-half of both the total ' These industries are : Agricultural implements. Babbitt metal and solder. Belting and hose, woven and rubber. Bicycles, motor cycles, and parts. Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. Butter, reworking. Cash registers and calculating machines. Coke. Cordage and twine and jute and linen goods. Cordials and sirups. Fertilizers. Flour-mill and gristmill products. Food preparations. Gas, illuminating and heating. Glass, cutting, staining, and ornament- ing. Glue. Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore. Hair work. House-furnishing goods, not elsewhere specified. Instruments, professional and scientific. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. Iron and steel, bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steelworks or rolling mills. Iron and steel forgings. Iron and steel, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steelworks or rolling mills. Lard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet. Looking-glass and picture frames. Malt. Millinery and lace goods. Mineral and soda waters. Moving pictures. Oil, linseed. Oleomargarine. Paper and wood pulp. Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay prod- ucts. Roofing materials. Saws. Signs and advertising novelties. Smelting and refining, lead. Soda-water apparatus. Sporting and athletic goods. Stationery goods, not elsewhere speci- fied. Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids. Upholstering materials. Wall paper. Windmills. Window shades and fixtures. Wool scouring. 714 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. number of wage earners and the total value of prod- ucts was credited to the steelworks and rolling mills and the blast furnaces. The manufacture of coke is a comparatively now industry in Joliet. Rockford has a great diversity of manufactures, but the furniture factoi’ios, knitting mills, agricultural- imi)lement sho])s, and foundries and machine shops were the most im])ortaut in 1909. The city shows a gain of 28.6 ])er cent in average number of wage earners and 45.8 })er cent in value of products for the five-year ])oriod 1904-1909. Moline is well known on account of the large number of plows manufactured there. Four establishments manufacturing agricultural implements gave employ- ment to more than one-half the total number of wage earners in 1909 and reported more than one-half the total value of products for the city. Other important in- dustries wore the manufacture of carriages and wagons, foundry and macliine-shop products, steelworks and rolling-mill products, and automobiles. The city shows an increase from 1904 to 1909 of 36.7 per cent in average number of wage earners and of 58.8 per cent in value of ])roducts. The chief industries of Waukegan are the manufac- ture of glucose and the steelworks and rolling mills; these two industries gave employment to about two- thirds of the wage earners in 1909 and reported over three-fourths of the total value of products for the city. This city, whose po])ulation was less than 10,000 in 1900, shows an increase of 36.4 per cent in average number of wage earners from 1904 to 1909, and of 81.8 per cent in value of products. It may bo noted also that the value of products reported in 1909 was more than twenty-seven times that in 1899. East St. Louis made a large increase (72.2 per cent) in value of products between 1904 and 1909. The most important industries in the city in 1909 were flour mills and gristmills, foundries and machine shops, steel works and rolling mills, the chemical industry, slaughtering and meat packing, and the manufacture of paints and of paper and wood pulp. Several very large slaughtering and meat-packing estabJishments are located at the National Stock Yards, just outside the city limits, but the statistics presented for cities are confined to establishments within the city limits. In Quincy the principal industries in 1909 were the manufacture of stoves and furnaces, slaughteiing and meat packing, the manufacture of food preparations, foundries and machine shops, and breweries. The increase in value of products from 1904 to 1909 was only 6.4 ])er cent, and there was a decrease iji the average number of wage earners employed. Elgin is well known for the manufacture of watch movements. The mamd'acture of clocks and watches, including cases and materials, of foundry and machine- shop })roductsand of condensed milk, and printing and publishing were the chief contributors to Elgin’s manu- facturing importance in 1909, the four industries employing over three-fourths of the average number of wage earners and reporting more than one-half of the total value of products. Aurora shows an increase of 24.9 per cent in number of wage earners and of 49.5 per cent in total value of products from 1904 to 1909. The leading industries were steam-railroad repair shops, foundries and ma- chine shops, and the manufacture of bicycles, motor cycles, and parts, and of cotton goods. The leading industries in Chicago Heights in 1909 were foundries and machine shops, steelworks and rolling mills, and steam-railroad car construction shops. These three industries reported a majority of the aver- age number of wage earners and more than one-half the total value of products for the city. While Alton shows a decrease of 640, or 20.9 per cent, between 1904 and 1909 in the average number of wage earners in its manufacturing industries, there was an increase of 16.1 per cent in the value of its man- ufactured products. Flour mills and gristmills, glass- works, and slaughtering and meat packing were the leading industries, and together contributed four- fifths of the total value of products. More than one- half of the average number of wage earners reported for the city wore employed in the glassworks. The leading industries of the other incorporated places included in the preceding table are shown in the following statement : CITY, TOWN, OR VILLAGE Principal industries. Flour-mill and gristmill products. Foundry and machine-shop products. Agricultural implements. Boots and shoes. Flour-mill and gristmill firoducts. Watches. Carriages and wagons and materials. Windmills. Patent medicines and compounds. Foundry and machine-shop products. Agricultural implements. Inimber and timber products. OUcloth and linoleum. Smelting and refining, zinc. Cement. Steam-railroad repair shops. Stoves and furnaces. Boots and shoes. Flour-mill and gristmill products. Lumber and timber products. Wrought-iron and steel pipe. Steam-railroad repair shojrs. Agricultural implements. Steam-railroad repair shops. Foundry and machine-shoi) products. Hosiery and knit goods. Men’s clothing. Glass. Foundry and machine-shop products. Wrought-iron and steel pipe. Steam-railroa 87 9,391 28,065,929 14,375,469 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 62.8 23.2 13.9 17.6 Firm 25.0 50.8 54.8 49.9 Corporation ' 12.2 26.0 31.4 32.5 INDUSTRY AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP . Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Clothing, women’s, 1909 221 6,151 $16, 635, 236 $7,421,710 Individual 107 1,817 3,938,904 1,896,652 Firm 71 2, 778 6,960,8.32 2,873,294 Corporation 43 1,556 5,735,500 2,651,764 Percent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 48. 4 29.5 23.7 25.6 Firm 32. 1 45. 2 41.8 38.7 Corporation 19.5 25.3 34.5 ,35.7 Confectionery, 1909 140 3,799 $12,798,077 $5, 132, 679 Individual 66 437 1,368,845 540,311 Firm 22 198 630,027 189, 121 Corporation 52 3,164 10,799,205 4,403,247 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 47. 1 11.5 10.7 10.5 Firm 15.7 5.2 4.9 3.7 Corporation 37. 1 83.3 84.4 85.8 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products, 1909 483 7,473 $22, 822, 810 $9, 629, 647 Individual 283 1,008 2,742,344 1,623,761 Firm 102 977 3,023,028 1,534,653 Corporation 98 5,488 17,057,438 6,471,233 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 58.6 13.5 12.0 16.9 Firm 21. 1 13.1 13. 2 15.9 Corporation 20.3 73.4 74. 7 67.2 Flour-mill and gristmill products, 1909 461 2,464 $51, 110, 681 $5,521,110 Individual 210 424 8,253,326 770,668 Firm 146 421 6,622,994 923,049 Corporation ■ 105 1,619 36,234,361 3,827,393 Per cent of total 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 Individual 45.6 17. 2 16.1 14.0 Firm 31.7 17. 1 13.0 16.7 Corporation ' 22.8 65. 7 70.9 69.3 Foundry and machine-shop products, 1909 1,178 52,266 $138,578,993 $74,768,805 Individual 3 tj 0 3,764 8,475,204 4,769,850 Firm 150 1,834 4,288,1:37 2,258,710 Corporation ' 668 46,668 125,815,652 67,740,245 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 30.6 7.2 6.1 6.4 Firm 12,7 3.5 3.1 3.0 Corporation ‘ 56. 7 89.3 90.8 90.6 Furniture and refrigera- tors, 1909 267 13,575 $27,900,262 $15,399,042 Individual 88 1,224 2,409,423 1,453,540 Firm 40 903 2,0 a 5,844 997,832 Corporation ' 139 11,448 23,484,995 12,947,670 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 3.3.0 9.0 8.6 9.4 Firm 15.0 6.7 7.2 6.5 Corporation i 52. 1 84.3 84.2 84.1 Leather goods, 1909 168 2,949 $8. 948. 324 $3,813,354 Individual 88 716 2,149,577 916,325 Firm 39 459 1,441,018 704,581 Corporation 41 1,774 5, 357, 729 2, 192,448 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 52.4 24.3 24.0 24.0 Firm 2.3.2 15.6 16.1 18.5 Corporation 24.4 60. 2 59.9 57.5 Leather, tanned, curried. and finished, 1909 29 3,001 $14,911,782 $2, 781, 173 Individual 4 201 1,086,872 218, 334 Firm 9 325 1,684,428 359,538 Corporation 16 2,475 12,140,482 2,203,301 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 13.8 6.7 7.3 7.8 Firm 31.0 10.8 11.3 12.9 Corporation 55.2 82.5 81.4 79.2 Lumber and timber prod- nets, 1909 814 16,567 $44,951,804 $17, 687, 608 Individual 437 2,369 5, 419, 920 2,749,240 Fum 169 1,059 2,210,937 1,13.3,303 Corporation ' 208 13, 139 37,320,947 13,805,065 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 53.7 14.3 12.1 15.5 Firm 20.8 6.4 4.9 6.4 Corporation ‘ 25.6 79.3 83.0 78.0 I Includes the group “ Other,” to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. 716 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS INDUSTRY AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIF. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Millinery and lace goods, 1909 103 3,328 $7,281,914 $3,484,618 Individual 39 373 696,519 377,891 Finn 29 s:i4 1,9.54,243 960,288 Corporation 35 2, 121 4,631,152 2, 146, 439 I’or cent of total 100, 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individtial 37.9 11,2 9.0 10.8 Firm 28.2 25. 1 26.8 27.6 Corporal ion 31. 0 63. 7 63,6 61.6 Paint and varnish, 1909 74 1,792 $20, 434, 291 $7, 532, 680 Individual 10 115 675,344 258, 400 Kirin 5 67 .502,894 206, 403 Corporal ion 59 1,610 19,256,053 7,067,811 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 13.5 6.4 3.3 3.4 Firm 6.8 3.7 2.5 2.7 Corporation 79.7 89.8 94.2 93.8 Patent medicines and com- pounds and druggists’ preparations, 1909 Individual Firm Corporation 359 1.53 36 170 1,869 259 97 1,513 $13,114,307 1,440,203 918,0'29 10,756,075 $8, 701, 289 933, 545 391,058 7,376,686 INDUSTRY AND CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Patent medicines and com- pounds and druggists’ preparations, 1909— Con. Per cent of total 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 42.6 13.9 11.0 10.7 Firm 10.0 5.2 7.0 4.5 Corporation 47.4 81.0 82.0 84.8 Printing and publishing, 1909 2,608 28, 644 $87, 247, 090 $62,567,117 Individual 1,352 3,764 10,252,467 7,889,922 Firm 423 2, .524 .5,610,6.53 4,118,519 Corporation 729 21,914 442 69, 133, 450 48,764,031 Other 104 2, 250, 520 1,794,645 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 51.8 13.1 11.8 12.6 Firm 16.2 8.8 6.4 6.6 Corporation 28.0 76.5 79.2 77.9 Other 4.0 1.5 2.6 2.9 Slaughtering and meat packing, 1909 109 26, 705 $389, 594, 906 $45,618,899 Individual 36 688 , 9,844,597 857,279 Firm 19 350 4,982,255 742,958 Corporation i 54 25,667 374,768,054 44,018,662 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 33.0 2.6 2.5 1.9 Firm 17.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 Corporation • 49.5 96.1 96.2 96.5 ’ Includes the group “ Other, ” to avoid disclosure of individual operations. The most important point brouglit out by tliis table is the extent of corporate ownership. In all industries combined 28.9 per cent of the total number of estab- bsbments were under corporate ownership in 1909, as compared with 27.8 per cent in 1904. Estabbshments operated by corporations reported 85.8 per cent of the total value of products in 1909, however, and 83.6 per cent in 1904. Estabbshments under firm ownership represented only 16.5 per cent of the total number in 1909, as against 18 per cent in 1904, and both these estabbshments and those owned by individuals reported a smaller proportion of the total number of wage earners and the total value of products in 1909 than in 1904. In 8 of the 20 individual industries for which bgures are given in the table, namely, the manufacture of paint and varnish; the foundries and machine shops; the tanning, curiying, and finishing of leather; the •manufacture of furniture and refrigerators; the manu- facture of boots and shoes; slaughtering and meat packing; the manufacture of patent medicines and compounds; and canning and preserving, there was a larger number of estabbshments under corporate man- agement than under any other form of ownership, while in all except two of the industries shown — the men’s clothing and the women’s clothing industries — the estabbshments operated by corporations con- tributed the greater part of the total value of products and of the total value added by manufacture. In three industries — foundries and machine shops, the manu- facture of paint and varnish, and slaughtering and meat packing — over 90 per cent of the total value of products and total value added by manufacture was reported by estabbshments under corporate ownershi]). Firm ownership predominates in the men’s clothing and women’s clothing industries. Size of establishment. — The tendency for manufac- turing to become concentrated in large estabbshments, or the reverse, is a matter of interest from the stand- point of industrial organization. In order to throw some light upon it the next table groups the estab- bshments according to the value of their products. The table also shows the average size of estabbshments for all industries combined and for certain important industries separately, as measured by average number of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manufacture. The totals for all industries are shown for the last two censuses, while for the industries presented separately figures are given for 1909 only. The table shows that of the 18,026 manufacturing estabbshments in the state in 1909 only 273, or 1.5 per cent, had a value of products exceeding $1,000,000. These estabbshments, however, emjiloyed an average of 179,787 wage earners, or 38.6 per cent of the total number in all estabbshments, and reported 56.2 jier cent of the total value of products and 44.9 per cent of the total value added by manufacture. On the other hand, the very small establishments — that is, those having a value of jiroducts of less than $5,000— constituted a considerable jiroportion (34.3 per cent) of the total number of establishments, but the value of their ])ro(lucts amounted to only eight- tenths of 1 per cent of the total. The great bulk of the manufacturing was done in establishments having jiroducts valued at not less than $100,000. It will bo seen from the t able that during the five years from 1904 to 1909 there was a considerable increase in the relative importance of tlie largest estab- lishments — those reporting products valued at not loss than $1,000,000 — as measured by mimbor of wage earners, value of products, and value added by manu- facture. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 717 INDUSTRY AND VALUK OV rilODUCTS. Num- ber of estab- li.sh- mcnts. .\ verage number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. ALL INDUSTRIES: 1909 18,026 435,764 $1,919,276,594 $758, 349, 904 1904 14,921 379, 436 1,410,342, 129 570, 284, 813 Less than $5,000: 1909 (■>, 181 7,000 15,040,868 9,864,314 1904 5,208 7,086 12,892,051 8,741,174 $5,000 and loss than $20,000: 1909 5,S23 27,327 59,794,517 36,175,677 1904 4, 795 26, 594 49,128,916 30,404,988 $20, OOP and less than $100,000: 19'09 3,773 65,907 170,400,943 91,858,229 1904 3,157 60,375 142, 152,026 78,956,358 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000; 1909 1,976 185, 743 595,294, 165 280,112,984 1904 1,593 156,171 451,011,747 215,350, 376 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 273 179,787 1,078,746,101 340,338,700 1904 168 129,210 755,157,389 230,831,917 Per cent of total: 1909 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1904 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000: 1909 34.3 1.5 0.8 1.3 1904 34.9 1.9 0.9 1.5 $5,000 and less than $20,000; 1909 J2.3 5.9 3.1 4.8 1904 32.1 7.0 3.5 0.3 $20,000 and less than $100,000; 1909 20.9 14.2 8.9 12.1 1904 21.2 15.9 10.1 13.8 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000: i909 11.0 39.9 31.0 36.9 1904 10.7 41.2 32.0 37.8 $1,000,000 and over: 1909 1.5 38.6 56.2 44.9 1904 1.1 34.1 53.5 41.5 Average per establishment: 1909 26 $106,473 $42,070 1904 25 94; 521 3$; 220 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. 1909 , 53 5,792 $16, 754, 704 $5, 885, 862 Less than $5,000 9 17 25,920 15,580 $5,000 and less than $20,000 7 63 80,328 49,762 $20,000 and less than $100,000 11 236 531,935 202,302 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 19 2,192 5,470,633 1,697,074 $1 ,000,000 and over 7 3,284 10,645,888 3,921,144 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000 17.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 $5,(X)0 and less than $20,000 1.3.2 1.1 0.5 0.8 $20,000 and less than $100,000 20.8 4.1 3.2 3.4 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 35.8 37.8 32.7 28.8 $1,000,000 and over 13.2 56.7 63.5 60.6 Average per establishment 109 $316, 126 $111,054 Brick and tile, 1909 340 6, 574 $9,765,051 $7, 273, 693 Less than $5,000 134 311 320, 186 258,353 $5,000 and less than $20,000 139 1,146 1,307,510 1,035,211 $20,000 and less than $100,000 44 1.429 1,982,832 1,513,753 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 23 a;; 688 6,154,523 4,466,376 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000 39.4 4.7 3.3 3.6 $5,000 and less than $20,000 40.9 17.4 13.4 14.2 $20,000 and less than $100,000 12.9 21.7 20.3 20.8 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 6.8 56.1 63.0 61.4 Average per establishment 19 $28, 721 $21,393 Butter, cheese, and con- densed milk, 1909 295 1,732 $17, 798,278 $3,531,357 Less than $5,000 29 17 77,289 15,442 $5,000 and less than $20,000 140 142 1,519,150 269,319 $20,000 and less than $100,000 96 246 4,038, 145 538, 1C9 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 > . . . . 30 1,327 12, 163, 694 2, 708, 427 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000 9.8 1.0 0.4 0.4 $5,000 and less than $20,000 47.5 8.2 8.5 7.0 $20,000 and less than $100,000 32.5 14.2 22.7 15.2 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 1 10.2 76.6 68.3 70.7 Average per establisliment 6 $60,3.33 $11,971 Canning and preserving. 1909 118 2,383 $7, 619, 586 $2, 806, 890 Less than $5,000 24 68 60,0(il 30, 884 $5,000 and less than $20,000 39 181 410.803 164, 771 $20,000 and less than $100,000 32 547 1,447,243 547, 790 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 23 1,587 5, 701, 479 2,063,445 Per cent of total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000 20.3 2.9 0.8 1. 1 $5,000 and less than $20,000 33.0 7.6 5.4 5.9 $20,000 and less than $100,(X)0 27.1 23.0 19.0 19.5 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 19.5 66.6 74.8 73.5 A verage per establishment 20 $64,573 $23, 787 INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF THODUCTS. Carriages and wagons and materials, 1909 Loss than StO.OOO $.'),0()0 and less than Slio.dDti $20,0(10 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and loss than $1,000,000.... $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and le.ss than $100,000 $l(Hl,()00 and less than $1,000,000... . $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment Clothing, men’s, including shirts, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 .$20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. . . . $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment Clothing, women’s, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 1 . . . Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,fK)0 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,0001.... Average per establishment Confectionery, 1909 Less than $5,(X10 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and loss than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,(XX) $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over .\verage per establishment Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,n(X) and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment Flour-mill and gristmill products, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100.000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than .$20,000 $20,000 and less than $UX),000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment Foundry and machine-shop products, 1909 Less than $.5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,(KK) $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over 1 Includes the group ‘‘$1,()00,000 and over.” Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. 325 122 128 46 25 4 100.0 37.5 39.4 14.2 7.7 1.2 5,852 173 649 740 2,642 1,648 100.0 3.0 11.1 12.6 45. 1 28.2 18 $16, 831,283 341,890 1,242,315 1,901,131 7, 482, 204 5,863,737 100.0 2.0 7.4 11.3 44.5 34.8 $51,789 $7,351,948 230, 353 780, 090 944, 169 3,211,022 2,186,314 100.0 3.1 10.0 12.8 43.7 29.7 $22,621 715 36, 152 $89, 472, 755 $44, 244, 475 135 618 378, 496 343,280 297 4,724 3,210, 703 2,928,560 173 0, 131 7, 134,896 4,876,029 91 7,426 30, 185, 453 14, 379, ,391 19 17,253 48,563,207 21, 716, 609 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.9 1.7 0.4 0.8 41.5 13.1 3.6 6.6 24.2 17.0 8.0 11.0 12.7 20.5 33.7 32.5 2.7 47.7 54.3 49.1 51 $125, 137 $61,880 221 6,161 $16,635,236 $7,421,710 21 54 54,982 44, 020 64 616 740,280 508, 541 94 2,154 4,583,549 2, 182,099 42 3,327 11,256,425 4,687,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.5 0.9 0.3 0.6 29.0 10.0 4.4 0.9 42.5 35.0 27.6 29.4 19.0 54.1 67.7 63.2 28 $75,273 8.^3,582 140 3.799 $12, 798, 077 $5, 132, 679 40 48 92,961 52,006 47 198 509,871 277,744 29 553 1,488,859 668, 103 21 1,972 6,392,435 2,566,127 3 1,028 4,313,951 1,568,699 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 28.6 1.3 0.7 1.0 33.6 5.2 4.0 5.4 20.7 14.6 11.6 13.0 15.0 51.9 49.9 50.0 2.1 27. 1 33.7 30.6 27 $91,415 $36,062 483 7,473 $22, 822. 810 $9, 629, 647 151 170 436,710 287,382 205 849 2,147,922 1,321,954 93 1,446 3,964,058 2,082,118 31 3,259 10,078,576 4,284, 133 3 1,749 6,194,944 1,654,060 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 31.3 2.3 1.9 3.0 42.4 11.4 9.4 13.7 19.3 19.3 17.4 21.6 6. 4 43. 6 44.2 44.5 0.6 23.4 27. 1 17.2 15 $47,252 $19,937 461 2,464 $51,110,681 $5,521,110 113 09 284,604 66, 764 117 172 1,285,941 301,997 1.53 495 6,942,159 1,133,944 68 1,133 22, .355, 864 2,571,742 10 595 20,242,113 1,446,663 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 24.5 2.8 0.6 1.2 25.4 7.0 2.5 5.5 33.2 20.1 13.6 20.5 14.8 46.0 43.7 46.6 2.2 24.1 39.6 26.2 5 $110,869 $11,976 1,178 52,266 $138, 578, 993 $74, 768, 805 201 246 557,632 307, 899 329 1,587 3,554,851 2,245,204 403 8,060 19, 762, 699 11,205,059 222 20, 403 69,525,659 37,442, 726 23 15, 970 45, 178, 152 23,507,857 718 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Num- ber of estab- li.sh- ments. Average number of wage camera. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. 1. . 100, 0 100.0 100.0 i 100.0 17. 1 0.5 0.4 0.5 27. 9 3.0 2.6 3.0 34.2 1,5.4 14.3 15.0 18. S 50.5 .50.2 50. 1 2.0 30.6 32.6 31.4 44 $117,639 $63,471 267 13,575 $27, 900, 262 $15, 399, 042 32 33 80,625 52, 729 69 396 780.301 508, 150 85 2,364 4,248,913 2, 432, 744 78 9, 131 19. 123,074 10. 466, 963 3 1,651 3,667,349 1,938,456 . 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 12.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 25.8 2.9 2.8 3.3 31.8 17.4 15.2 15.8 29.2 67.3 68.5 68.0 1.1 J2.2 13.1 12.6 51 $104, 495 $57, 674 168 2,949 $8,948,324 $3, 813,354 21 25 65,093 36,318 74 294 801,757 409,548 47 767 2,208,911 1,109,623 26 1,863 5, 872, 563 2,257,805 . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 44.0 10.0 9.0 10.7 28.0 26. 0 24.7 29. 1 15.5 63.2 65.6 59.2 18 $53, 264 $22, 699 29 3,001 $14,911,782 $2,781,173 9 78 395.520 100,932 15 1,202 5,876,552 1, 256, 158 5 1,721 8, 639, 704 1,424,083 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 2.6 2.7 3.6 51.7 40. 1 39.4 45.2 17.2 57.3 57.9 51.2 103 $514,199 $95,903 814 1 16,567 $44,951,804 $17, 687, 608 366 568 717,759 485, 855 180 1,012 1,898,762 1,112,506 171 3,980 8,526,678 4, 176, 086 91 9,197 23,734,818 9,666,200 6 1,810 10,073,787 2,246,961 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.0 3.4 1.6 2.7 22.1 6. 1 4.2 6.3 21.0 24.0 19.0 23.6 11.2 55.5 52.8 54.6 0.7 10.9 22.4 12.7 20 $.55,223 $21,729 103 3,328 $7,281,914 $3,484,618 11 25 21,840 12,040 32 211 326,117 204,3.36 : 42 1,026 1,991,063 1,096,275 18 2,066 4,942,894 2,171,967 INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. products, 1909— Coritiii Per cent of total Loss than $,5,()1M) $5,000 and less than $20,(X)0 $20,0(K) and less than $100,000. . . $100,000 and less than $1,0(X),(K)0. $1,000,000 and over Average, iier establishment . . 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,(«)0 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than 8100,000. . . $100,000 and less thanSl, 000,000 . $1,000,000 and over . Percent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000. . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over -. Average per establishment. . Leather goods, 1909 Less than $5,(XK) $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000. . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. Average per establishment. . Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, 1909 $20,000 and less than $100,000 ■ $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total $20,000 and less than $100,000 > . . $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . Lumber and timber prod- ucts, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment Millinery and lace goods, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 INDU.STET AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Millinery and lace goods, 1909 Continued. Per cent of total I/OSS than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000... . Average per establisliment Paint and varnish, 1909... Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over Per cent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over Average per establishment . . Patent medicines and com- pounds and druggists’ preparations, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and le.ss than $20.000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,0002. . . Per cent of total Less than 85,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,0002... Average per establishment Printing and publishing, 1909 Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 $100,000 and less than $1,000,000 $1,000,000 and over Percent of total Less than $5,000 $5,000 and less than $20,000 $20,000 and less than $100,000 8100,000 and less than $1,000,000.. $1,000,000 and over ,‘Vverage per establishment. . Slaughtering and meat packing, 1909 1 , 000 , 000 . Per cent of total. i5,000 and less than $20,000 -Average per establishment . Num- ber of e.stab- liah- ments. Average number of wage earners. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 31.1 6.3 4.5 5.9 40.8 30.8 27.3 31.5 17.5 62.1 67.9 62.3 32 $70,698 $33,831 74 1,792 $20, 434, 291 $7,532,680 7 6 18,999 9,770 11 17 119, 138 72,665 20 110 1,019,334 384,322 30 997 10,590,586 3,765,526 6 662 8,686,234 3,300,397 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 14.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 27.0 6.1 5.0 5.1 40.5 55.6 51.8 50.0 8.1 37.0 42.5 43.8 24 $276. 139 $101,793 359 1,869 $13,114,307 $8,701,289 147 57 307,575 219,700 119 228 1,127,216 778, 186 69 501 3,335,888 2,160,017 24 1,083 8,343,628 5,543,386 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.9 3.0 2.3 2.5 33.1 12.2 8.6 8.9 19.2 26.8 25.4 24.8 6.7 57.9 63.6 63.7 5 $36, 530 $24,238 2,608 28. 644 $87,247,090 $62, 567, 117 1,148 1,433 2, 944, 486 2,363,626 830 3, 465 8,435,336 6,573,012 479 7,08.5 20,580,593 15,438,063 142 12,388 36,279,032 25,421,786 9 4,273 19,007,643 12,770,630 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.0 5.0 3.4 3.8 31.8 12.1 9.7 10.5 18.4 24,7 23.6 24.7 5.4 43.2 41.6 40.6 0.3 14.9 21.8 20.4 11 $33,454 $23,990 109 26,705 $389,594,906 $45,618,899 6 6 21,099 9, ,583 13 31 146,4.51 44,381 23 134 1,203,290 225,779 43 1,249 15,44.8,049 2,411,898 24 25,285 372,775,417 42,927,258 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.5 (5) P) (») 11.9 0. 1 h 0.1 21. 1 0.5 0.3 0.5 39.4 4.7 4.0 5.3 22.0 94.7 95.7 94.1 245 $3,574,265 $418,522 • Includes the groups “Less than $5,000” and “$5,000 and less than $20,000.” The fact that the average value of products per establishment increased between 1904 and 1909 from S94,521 to $106,473, and the value added by manu- facture from $38,220 to $42,070, can not be taken as in itself indicating a tendency toward concentration. The increased values shown may be, and probably are, due in part to the increase that has taken place in the prices of commodities. The average number of wage earners per establishment increased from 25 to 26. Of the individual industries for which figures are given in the table, those in which the average size of establishment as measured by value of products was smallest, were the manufacture of brick and tile; printing and publishing; the manufacture of patent 2 Includes the group “$1,000,000 and over." 2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. mediemes and compounds and druggists’ preparations; the manufacture of copper, tin, and sheet-iron prod- ucts; and the manufacture of carriages and wagons. In each of these industries more than 70 per cent of the establishments rejiorted products valued at less than $20,000 for the year 1909. The industries in which the average value of jiroducts per establishment was the largest were slaughtering and meat packing, the tanning, currying, and finishing of leather, the manufacture of boots and shoes, ami the paint and varnish industiy, in which 61.5 ]>or cent, 69 per cent, 49 per cent, and 48.6 per cent, respectively, of the estab- lishments reported products valued at $100,000 or over. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 719 In some respects, and es])ecia]ly from the standpoint of conditions under which persons engaged in manu- factures work, the best classification of the establish- ments to bring out tho feature of size is a classification according to tho number of wage earners employed. Tho following table shows, for 1009, such a classification for all industries combined and for certain important industries individually, and gives not only tho number of establishments falling into each group but also the average number of wage earners employed. INDUSTRY. Total. No wage earners. 1 to 5 wage earners. E 6 to 20 wage earners. STABLISIIMENTS EMPLOYING- 21 to 50 1 51 to 100 101 to 250 wage wage | wage earners, j earners, j earners. 251 to 500 wage earners. 501 to 1,000 wage earners. Over 1,000 wage earners. NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS. All Industries 18,026 2,518 8,801 3,560 1,578 709 641 194 86 39 Agricultural Implements 79 5 16 17 5 9 13 6 4 4 28 13 12 6 4 2 24 2 10 ,4 5 2 1 53 1 12 9 10 5 9 4 3 2,099 328 1,540 197 16 3 11 3 1 340 2 186 97 27 14 11 1 2 295 29 232 16 9 5 4 118 10 46 29 19 9 5 325 25 191 68 17 11 7 5 1 Cars and genei’al'shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- 73 5 9 10 7 18 11 9 4 Cm'S, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 28 1 1 3 5 2 8 4 3 1 Clocks and watches, including cases and materials 19 1 7 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 715 20 122 285 188 57 20 12 6 5 221 4 40 88 60 19 8 2 35 14 9 6 3 2 1 140 8 70 29 16 6 8 3 483 23 294 117 22 11 11 4 1 Eiectrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 143 5 55 42 17 14 6 1 1 2 461 70 297 66 22 6 Foundry and nTachine-shop products 1,178 65 409 321 194 69 78 29 10 3 61 3 15 16 14 5 6 2 267 ■ 6 67 66 51 40 29 5 3 78 34 20 9 10 4 1 6 1 3 2 24 1 2 7 5 4 5 168 7 82 43 24 7 4 1 29 3 7 4 5 7 2 1 9 2 1 2 4 106 12 36 32 19 6 2 814 20 459 181 77 41 24 10 2 103 24 39 24 10 4 2 Musical Instruments, pianos and organs and materials 68 1 8 17 14 6 12 7 2 1 74 2 38 11 13 5 5 359 116 185 38 13 5 2 2,608 708 1,218 433 144 54 34 11 6 Slaughtering and meat packing 109 5 32 22 21 12 5 1 2 9 5 2 1 2 Soap . . r. 34 1 17 5 5 1 2 1 2 71 1 16 14 16 8 12 4 Tobacco manufactures T.T 1,944 681 1,000 212 33 11 5 2 All other industries 4, 195 368 2,014 978 421 205 143 48 16 2 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. All industries 465, 764 20,079 40, 022 51,490 50,856 82, 889 66,781 57,742 95,905 19,240 35 186 172 618 1,889 2, 108 3,067 11,165 2 , 382 65 156 402 466 '737 '556 '657 24 36 184 163 250 5, 792 30 120 371 402 1,531 1,416 1,922 8; 611 3,070 1,775 429 214 1,555 '911 '657 6, 574, 546 1,092 887 1,030 i;511 300 1,208 i;732 348 ' 162 301 '363 '558 2; 383 140 322 664 710 547 5; 852 496 709 539 729 1,217 1,642 520 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- 23,131 13 123 313 450 3,021 4, 123 5, 904 9, 184 lOi 945 3 51 209 146 i;385 i;640 2; 509 5; 002 5', 665 12 41 22 148 '207 '396 i;413 3; 426 36, 152 353 3,665 5,825 4,064 3,186 4, 176 4; 221 10', 662 6', 151 140 i;i30 1,869 i;3ii i;045 '666 i;oi8 44 ' 107 " 196 ' 178 '238 255 Confectionery 7 T T. 31799 158 342 533 442 1,195 1,129 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 7,473 697 1,207 748 778 1,543 i;474 l,02(i El^trical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 9; 641 145 '469 529 966 '699 '437 665 5,731 2 , 464 634 684 718 428 52; 266 1,131 3,818 6,336 5, 001 12,366 10,455 5,853 7,306 Furnishing goods, men’s..?. T 2^688 39 201 431 365 '944 '708 Fumiture'and reliigcrators 13', 575 180 729 1,872 2, 964 4,277 1,667 1,886 Gas, illuminating and heating e^soi 81 214 '272 '727 '537 4,470 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 2 , 493 80 900 1,613 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills^ 17^584 42 177 1,234 1,511 2; 610 12,010 Leather goods T. 7. 2^949 251 513 769 548 '593 '275 Leather ,'tanned, curried, and finished 3^001 6 93 137 367 1, 126 620 653 Liquors, distilled i '750 4 29 135 '582 Liquors, malt 4,398 39 488 1, 151 1,373 640 707 Lumber and timber products 16; 567 917 1,996 2 , 487 2,969 3,438 3,476 1,284 Millinery and lace goods 3; 328 66 '441 '775 "735 699 '612 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 8;777 23 223 471 423 1,979 2,601 1,533 1,524 Paint and varnish . . ! “ 1^792 109 164 480 395 '644 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations i;869 379 390 378 394 328 Printing and publishing . . ”” ? . . 28; 644 2,948 4,686 4, 505 3,784 5,372 3,289 4,060 Slaughtering and meat packing 26', 705 90 "265 '724 '891 954 '254 i;617 21,910 Smelting arid refining, zinc. . i;922 283 345 i;294 2,188 42 41 165 58 322 267 i;293 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves 4; 499 44 152 498 603 1,850 1,352 Tobacco manufactures T.T 8;034 1,965 2,164 986 777 '807 1,335 All other Industries 95,772 4,813 li;067 14,081 14,484 21,600 16,513 10,725 2,489 720 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. ESTAULISHMENTS EMPLOYING — INDUSTRY. Total. No wage earners. 1 to 5 G to 20 21 to 50 51 to 100 101 to 250 251 to 500 501 to 1,000 Over 1,000 wage wage wage wage wage wage earners. earners. earners. earners. earners. earners. earners. earners. PER CENT OF AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. All Industries Agriculliiril implements Automobiles, inelnding bodies and parts Baking powders and yeast Boots and shoes, inelnding cut stock and findings I3read and other bakery products Brick and tile Blitter, cheese, and condensed milk Canning and pre.serving Carriages and wagons and materials Cars and general sliop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad comjianies Clocks and watches, including cases and materials Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding Confectionery Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products Furnishing goods, men’s Furniture and refrigerators Gas, illuminating and heating Iron and steel, blast furnaces Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills Leatherr goods l.eather, tanned, curried, and finished Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Millinery and lace goods Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials Paint and varnish Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations Printing and publishing Slaughtering and meat packing Smelting and refining, zinc Soap Stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves Tobacco manufactures All other industries 100.0 4.3 8.6 11.1 10.9 17.8 14.3 12.4 20.6 100.0 0.2 1.0 0.9 3.2 9.8 11.0 15.9 58.0 100.0 2.7 6.5 16.9 19.6 30.9 23.3 1( H ). 0 3.7 5.5 28.0 24.8 38.1 100.0 0.5 2. 1 6.4 6.9 26.4 24. 4 33.2 100. 0 3.5.7 20.6 5.0 2.5 18. 1 10.6 7.6 100.0 8.3 16.6 13.5 15.7 23.0 4.6 18.4 100.0 20. 1 9.4 17.4 21.0 32.2 100.0 5.9 13.5 27.9 29.8 23.0 100.0 8.5 12. 1 9.2 12.5 20.8 28.1 8.9 100.0 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.9 13.1 17.8 25.5 39.7 100.0 0) 0.5 1.9 1.3 12.7 15.0 22.9 4.5.7 100. 0 0.2 0.7 0.4 2.6 3.7 7.0 24.9 60.5 100.0 1.0 10.1 16.1 11.2 8.8 11.6 11.7 29.5 100.0 2.3 18.4 30.2 21.3 17.0 10.8 100.0 4.3 10.5 19.3 17.5 23.4 25.0 100.0 4.2 9.0 14.0 11.6 31.5 29.7 100.0 9.3 16.2 10.0 10.4 20.6 19.7 13*7 100.0 1.5 4.9 5.5 10.0 7.2 4.5 6.9 59.4 100.0 25.7 27.8 29.1 17.4 100.0 2.2 7.3 12. 1 9.6 23.7 20.0 11.2 14.0 100.0 1.4 7.5 16.0 13.6 35. 1 26.3 100.0 1.3 5.4 13.8 21.8 31.5 12,3 13.9 100.0 1.3 3.4 4.3 11.5 8.5 70.9 100.0 3.2 36. 1 60 7 100.0 0.2 1.0 7.0 8 6 14.8 68.3 100.0 8.5 17.4 26.1 18. 6 20. 1 9.3 100.0 0.2 3.1 4.6 12.2 37.5 20.7 21.8 100.0 0.5 3.9 18.0 77.6 100.0 0.9 11.1 26.2 31.2 14.6 16. 1 100. 0 5.5 12.0 15.0 17.9 20.8 21.0 7.8 100.0 2.0 13.3 23.3 22. 1 21.0 18.4 100.0 0.3 2.5 5.4 4.8 22.5 29.6 it . 5 17.4 100. 0 6.1 9.2 26.8 22.0 35.9 100.0 20.3 20.9 20.2 21.1 17.5 100.0 10.3 16.4 15.7 13.2 18.8 11.5 14.2 100.0 0.3 1.0 2.7 3.3 3.6 1.0 6.1 82.0 100.0 14. 7 18.0 67.3 100.0 1.9 1.9 7.5 2.6 14. 7 12.2 59.1 100. 0 1.0 3.4 11. 1 13. 4 41. 1 30.1 100. 0 24.5 26.9 12.3 9.7 10.0 16.6 100.0 5.0 11.6 14.7 15.1 22.6 17.2 11.2 2.6 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Of the 18,026 establishments rejiorted for all indus- tries, 14 per cent employed no wage earners; 48.8 per cent, from 1 to 5; 19.7 per cent, from 6 to 20; 8.8 per cent, from 21 to 50; 3.9 per cent, from 51 to 100; and 4.8 per cent, over 100. The most numerous single group consists of the 8,801 establishments employing from 1 to 5 wage earners each, and the next of the 3,560 establishments employing from 6 to 20 wage earners each. There were 39 establishments that employed over 1,000 wage earners each, of which 9 were engaged in slaughtering and meat packing, 5 in the making of men’s clothing, 5 were steel works and rolling mills, 4 were steam-railroad repair shops, and 4 were agricultural -implement factories. In some industries, such as the bakery industiy, the manu- facture of butter, cheese, and condensed milk, the flour-mill and gristmill, and the lumber industries, printing and publishing, and tobacco manufactures, the establishments are mostly small, em[)loying no wage earners or less than 6. Of the total number of wage earners, 95,905, or 20.6 per cent, were in establishments employing over 1,000 each. This group, which employed a larger number of wage earners than any other, was comjiosed mainly of slaughtering and meat-packing establish- ments, steel works ami rolling mills, men’s clothing factories, agricultural-implement factories, steam-rail- road repair shops, and foundries and machine shops. Most of the industries listed in this table but not in the preceding one, namely, the manufacture of agri- cultural implements, railroad repair shops, steam- railroad car construction shops, the manufacture of clocks and watches and of electrical machinery, the gas and blast-furnace industries, steel works and roll- ing mills, the manufacture of jiianos and organs, the smelting and refining of zinc, and the manufacture of soap, are industries in which comparatively large establishments do most of the business, as apjiears from the classification according to the number of wage earners. Expenses. — As stated in the Introduction, the cen- sus does not purport to furnish figures that can be used for determining tlio cost of manufacture and jirofits. Facts of interest can, however, be brought out con- cerning the relative imjiortance of the dill’orent classes of expenses which make up the total. The next table shows, for 1909, in percentages, the distribution of expenses among the classes indicated STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 721 for all iiulustriGS combiuod and for certain important industries separately. The figures on which the per- centages are based appear in Table Tl, ])agc 740. PER CENT OP TOTAL EXPENSES REPORTED. INDUSTRY. Sala- ries. Wages. Ma- terials. Miscel- laneous ex- penses. All Industries 6.3 15.8 67.0 12.0 Agricultural implements 6.0 26.5 56.2 11.3 Automobiles, including bodies and parts Baking powders and yeast 6.3 24.4 58.7 10.6 8.5 . 5.8 54.2 31.6 Boots arid shoes, including cut stock and findings. 4.5 20.3 70.2 5.0 Bread and other bakery products 4.4 17.8 69.9 7.9 Brick and tile 5.6 52.9 30. 1 11.4 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 2.4 5.7 86.5 5.3 Canning and preserving 5.5 13.5 71.8 9.3 Carriages and wagons ariid materials 4.3 24.2 64.0 7.4 Cars arid general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies 4.0 47.4 47.3 1.3 Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies ; 3.9 30.5 59.7 5.9 Clocks and watches, including cases and mate- rials 5 3 nf) 3 9 .^ 0 10.5 Clothing, men’s, including shirts Clothing, women’s 5. 6 20.6 56.3 17.5 6. 6 21.0 61.5 10.9 Coffee arid spice, roasting and grinding 5.9 2.9 82.4 8.9 Confectionery 6.9 12.7 68.4 12.0 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 5.4 21.3 65.0 8.4 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. . . 8.5 25.7 54.6 11.1 Flour-mill and gristmUl products 1.6 2.6 93.3 2.4 Foundry and rriachine-sfiop products Furnishing goods, men’s 8.7 26.9 51.7 12.7 6.3 15.1 68.0 10.6 Furniture arid refrigerators 7.0 32.2 49.7 11.2 Gas, illuminating and heating Iron and steel, blast furnaces 11.2 21.3 44.6 22.9 1.4 5.2 90.4 2.9 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills 3.1 17.2 74.8 4.9 Leather goods 6.2 20.5 64.3 9.0 Leather, tamied, curried, and finished 1.9 10.7 82.3 5.1 Liquors, distilled 0.4 0.9 17.3 81.4 Liquors, malt 7.2 14.7 29.8 48.3 Lumber and timber products 4.8 22.2 66.3 6.8 Millinery and lace goods 10.0 21.5 58.9 9.6 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 7.3 30.0 51.8 10.9 Paint and varnish 9.2 6.2 72.0 12.6 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations 16.3 7.5 41.1 35.1 Printing and publishing 16.7 24.9 33.4 25.0 Slaughtering and meat packing 1.7 3.9 91.0 3.5 Smelting and refimng, zinc 3.7 15.2 77.2 3.9 Soap 7. 2 5.6 74 1 13. 2 Stoves and furnaces, Including gas and oil stoves. 9.7 3^8 4^7 14.8 Tobacco manufactures 4.5 23.1 47.2 25.2 All other industries 6.4 16.7 67.2 9.7 This table shows that, for all industries combined, 67 per cent of the total expenses were incurred for materials, 21 per cent for services — that is, salaries and wages — and 12 per cent for other purposes. As would be expected, these proportions vary greatly in the different industries. The large percentages shown for “Miscellaneous expenses” for the distillery and brewery industries are due to the inclusion of internal- revenue taxes under this head. Engines and power. — The next table shows, for all industries combined, the number of engines or other motors, according to their character, employed in generating power (including electric motors operated by purchased current), and their total horsepower at the censuses of 1909, 1904, and 1899. It also shows separately the number and horsepower of electric motors, including those operated by current generated in the manufacturing establishments. The amount of primary power used in the manu- facturing mdustries of Illinois increased 32.6 per cent from 1 899 to 1 904, and 36.6 per cent from 1 904 to 1 909. Tfio total increase during the decade was 4.53,724 horsei)ower, 72.9 jier cent of which was in power gen- erated by steam engines. Notwithstanding this largo increase in the hoi-sepower of steam engines, their pro- portion of the total primary power decreased from 90.7 ])er cent in 1899 to 82.7 per cent in 1909. Power gen- erated by water wheels and the forms of power included under the head of “Other” show a decrease from 1904 to 1909. The more general use of gas engines is shown, the number of such engines reported being 1,755 in 1909, as compared with 1,447 in 1904 and 1,293 in 1899. Their indicated horsepower was 37,025 in 1909, as compared with 12,319 in 1904 and 8,758 in 1899, the increase during the five-year period 1904-1909 being 24,706 horsepower, or a little more than 200 per cent. Rented electric power represented 11.5 per cent of the total primary power in 1909, as compared with 2.2 per cent in 1899, and the amount reported in 1909 was more than nine times as great as in 1899. POWER. NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. PER CENT DIS- TRIBUTION OF HORSEPOWER. 1909 1904 18991 1909 1904 18991 1909 1904 1899 Primary power. total 30, 546 7,888 L. . . .. 8,343 1,013,071 741,555 559, 347 100.0 100.0 100.0 Owned 8,700 7,888 8,343 889,348 688,036 532, 251 87.8 92.8 95.2 Steam 6,728 6,201 6,787 838, 199 651,578 507, 471 82.7 87.9 90.7 Gas 1,755 1,447 1,293 37,025 12,319 8,758 3.7 1.7 1.6 Water wheels 182 194 263 12,178 14, 845 11,614 1.2 2.0 2.1 Water motors 35 46 (^) 513 185 m f3) ( 2 ) 1,433 9,109 4,408 0. 1 1.2 0.8 Rented 21, 846 (}) (=) 123,723 53, 519 27,096 12.2 7.2 4.8 Electric 21,846 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 117,007 41,978 12,471 11.5 5.7 2.2 Other 6,716 11,541 14,625 0.7 1.6 2.6 Electric motors. 39, 278 8,285 1,839 398, 621 165,265 49,235 100.0 100.0 mo Run by current generated by es- tablishment 17, 432 8,285 1,839 281,614 123,287 36,764 70.6 74.6 74.7 Run by rented power 21,846 (=) 117,007 41,978 12,471 29.4 25.4 25.3 • Includes the neighborhood industries and hand trades, omitted in 1904 and 1909. 2 Not reported. 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. The use of electric motors for the purjiose of apply- ing power by means of current generated tvithin the establishment is also shown to be rapidly becoming more common, the horsepower of such motors having increased from 36,764 in 1899 to 123,287 in 1904 and 281,614 in 1909, representing an increase for the decade of over 650 per cent. Fuel. — Closely related to the question of kind of power employed is that of the fuel consumed in gen- erating this power, or otherwise used as material in the manufacturing processes. The next table shows, for 1909, the quantity of each kind of fuel used in all industries combined and in selected industries. 722 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS INUUSTUY. All industries Agricultural implements Automobiles, including bodies and jrarts ISaking pow) Value $9, 677, 618 $10,928,144 Lard: Pounds 403, 177, 806 456,577,415 V'alue $40,592,051 $31,463,099 Tallow, oleo stock, and stearin: Pounds 63,0.59,600 $5, 100, 877 (>) Value (') Oleo oil: Gallons 7,9.38,568 9,143,055 Value $6,694,011 $4, 515, 283 Other oils: Gallons 4,396,960 986,981 Value $2,382,433 $496,239 Oleomargarine: Pounds 30,793,365 Value $4,413,578 (■) Fertilizers and fertilizer materials: Tons 102,638 191,. 549 Value $2,614, 087 $3,741,650 Hides: Number 2, 408, 757 2, 766, .594 Pounds 135,617,679 165,007,637 $10,664,648 Value $19,372,440 Pelts: Number 3,619,577 3,632,161 Value $3,869,008 $2,895,359 Wool: Pounds 10, 688, 105 8,663,419 Value $4, 523, 534 $2,386,020 Amount received for custom or con- trfict work $83,125 $20, 109 All other products $45,767,552 $27,970,172 1899 57,930,886 $6,159,827 (■) $6,446,283 372, 162, 769 $22,290,356 9,760,701 $5,907,572 4,385,191 $2,010,394 53,614 $1,212,519 2, 206,. 337 128, 702, .573 $13,092,500 8,. 389, .307 $1,935,373 $7, .5.59 $26,116,008 > Figures not available. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 723 From 1904 to 1909 thoro was an incioaso of 257,920, or 7.1 per cont, in llio number of shoe]) slauglitorod and of 217,711, or 73.0 per cent, in tho number of calves slaufjbtered, but a decrease of 401,829, or 17.5 pel* cent, in tlic number of beeves slau{>:htered, and of 500,820, or 7.1 i)er cent, in the number of hogs slaugh- tered. These decreases were due in a large measure to a movement of the industry toward the stock- raising states of tho West and Southwest, or nearer the source of supply. The total cost of materials shows an increase in 1909 as compared with 1904 of 22.0 per cent, which was practically the same as the relative increase in total value of *|>roducts. The output of fresh, salted, and cured beef decreased 258,337,313 pounds, or 17.8 per cent, from 1904 to 1909; that of fresh mutton, 2,895,998 pounds, or 1.8 per cent; and that of fresh and cured pork, 122,245,924 pounds, or 10.7 per cent; while that of fresh veal increased 21,011,055 pounds, or 09.2 per cent, and that of the meats included under the head of “All other meats sold fresh” shows an increase of 136,190,097 pounds, or 241.8 per cent. The produc- tion of lard in 1909 was 53,399,009 pounds, or 11.7 per cent, less than in 1904, although its value shows an increase of $9,128,952, or 29 per cent. The decrease shown in the amount of oleo oil reported in 1909 as compared with 1904 was due to the fact that some slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, in- stead of selling the oleo oil which they make as a by- product, now use it in the manufacture of oleomar- garine. The increase in the quantity of the oils in- cluded under the head of “Other oils” results almost entirely from an increase in the output of lard oil. Printing and publishing. — The progress of the news- paper and periodical branch of the printing and pub- lishing industry is indicated in the follownig statement, which shows the number and aggregate circulation per issue of the different classes of publications for the years 1909, 1904, and 1899: PERIOD OF ISSUE. NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS. AGGREGATE CIRCULATION PER ISSUE. 1909 1!K)4 1899 1909 loot • 1899 Total 1,682 1,753 1.591 20, 823, 166 16,542,740 10,429,368 Daily 194 •192 197 2,323,913 1.9.54,329 1,449,087 Sunday Semiwonkly and tri- 38 40 43 1,616,506 1,442,721 (M weekly 48 59 76 138,165 177,213 176,058 Weekly 1,018 1,089 1,000 5,008,590 4,592,043 6,344,791 3,866,983 MontliJy 289 287 219 9,492,099 3,072,932 Quarterly 50 50 23 1,967,558 1,898,000 1,683,434 All other classes 45 36 33 276,335 133,643 180,874 1 Included in circulation of dailies. Illinois ranks second both in number and in circula- tion of all classes of publications combined ; third in number and in circulation of dailies; second in num- ber and in circulation of Sunday papers; first in num- ber and third in ciiculation of weeklies; and second in number and circulation of monthlies. The number of dailies and the number of montlilies both show an increase of 2 in 1909 as compared witli 1904, and tho number of publications included under tho head of “All other classes” an increase of 9. The number of quarterlies was the same in both years, while the other three classes show decreases in number. A substantial increase in circulation, on the other hand, is shown for each class oxcejit the somiweeklies and triweeklies, while tho aggregate circulation reported for all news])apers and ])eriodicals jiublishcd increased during this period from 16,542,740 to 20,823,166, a gain of 4,280,426, or 25.9 jier cent. The increase in the circulation of the different classes of publications was as follows: Dailies, 369,584, or 18.9 per cent; Sunday publications, 173,785, or 12 per cent; week- lies. 416,547, or 9.1 per cent; monthlies, 3,147,3.08, or 49.6 per cent; and quarterlies, 69,558, or 3.7 per cent. In number and circulation of publications printed in foreign languages Illinois is second among the states, being outranked only by New York, and it leads all the states in number and circulation of newspapers and periodicals printed in the Letto-Slavic languages, having 41, with a total circulation of 342,007. The following tabular statement gives, for 1909 and 1904, the number and circulation of the different classes of newspapers and periodicals printed, respectively, in English and in a foreign language. Newspapers and periodicals which are printed partly in English and partly in a foreign language are included with those ])rinted entirely in a foreign language. PERIOD OF ISSUE. Cen- sus. TOTAL. IN ENGLISH. rN FOREIGN LANGUAGES. Num- ber. Aggregate circulation per issue. Num- ber. Aggregate circulation per issue. Num- ber. Aggregate circulation per issue. Total 1909 1,682 20,823,166 1,509 19,365,799 173 1,457,367 1904 1,753 16, 542, 740 1,604 15,358,385 149 1,184,355 Daily and Sun- 1909 232 3,940.419 201 3,464,495 31 475,924 day. 1904 232 3,397,050 201 3,003, 1(K) 31 393,890 Semiweekly and 1909 48 138,165 34 61,965 14 76,200 triweekly. 1904 59 177,213 49 1 123,133 10 54,080 Weekly 1909 1,018 5,008,590 923 4,448,973 95 559,617 1904 1,089 4,592,043 1,008 4,048,729 81 543,314 Monthly 1909 289 9,492,099 207 9,239,890 22 252,209 1904 287 6,344,791 271 6,240,866 16 103,925 Quarterly 1909 50 1,967,, 558 44 1,885,266 6 82,292 1904 50 1,898,000 47 1,850,800 3 47,200 All other classes. 1909 45 276,335 40 265,210 5 11,125 1904 36 133,643 28 91,697 8 41,946 The publications in foreign languages inci’eased 24 in number between 1904 and 1909, while their circula- tion increased 273,012, or 23.1 per cent. The month- lies, which increased 6 in number, made the largest absolute and relative increases in circulation. The languages represented correspond more or less closely to the classes of immigrants that have settled in the North Central states. Sixty-three periodicals were published in German; 11 in German and English; 32 in Scandinavian languages, including 1 in Swedish 724 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. and Englisli; 18 in Bohemian; 14 in Polisli; 8 in Yiddish; G in Italian; 3 in (ireck; 2 each in Dutch, French, Litliiianian, Slovenian, and Slovak; and 1 each in Bulgarian, Croatian, Servian, Spanish, Es|)eranto, Yiddish and English, English, German, and Italian, and English, German, and French. Publications devoted to news, ])olitics, and family reading formed the largest class, numbering 1,169, with a circulation of 5,893,427. Those devoted to general literature, consisting largely of monthly magazines, numbered 36, and had a circulation of 5,582,991; religious periodicals numbered 123, and had a circulation of 3,869,839; fraternal journals numbered 49, and had a circulation of 2,125,069; agricultural journals, 36, with a circulation of 1 , 1 1 5,493 ; trade journals, 102, with a circulation of 707,096; and scientific and mechanical journals, 26, with a circu- lation of 508,037. The remaining jmblications, relat- ing chiefly to commerce, insurance, medicine and sur- gery, law, education and history, society, art, music, and fashion, numbered 141, and had an aggregate cir- culation of 1,021,214. Iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills. — The quantity and cost of the principal materials used by the steel works and rolling mills and the quantity and value of their leading products are shown for 1909, 1904, and 1899 in the following table: MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Materials used, total cost $56,244,463 $38,649,762 $30,021,236 Pig iron and ferroalloys: Tons 2,4.33,805 1,440,299 1,410,721 Cost $36, 686,448 $19,282,069 $14, 137,074 Scrap, including old rails not intended for rerolLing: i Tons 278.874 499,533 4f.l,767 Cost $3,996,891 $6,202, 392 $7,312, 159 Ingots, blooms, billets, slabs, muck and scrap bar.rerolling rails, and sheet and tin-plate bars : ' Tons 280,727 220,572 121,301 Cost .$6,357,611 $5,343,045 $3,279,125 Fuel and rent of power $3, 598, 585 $3,308,450 $2, 4.33, 156 All other materials 5,004,928 4,513,806 2,859,782 Products, total value $86, 608, 137 $60, 021, 925 $45, 149,498 Rolled, forged, and other classified prod- ucts: Tons 2, (>44, 191 1,657,885 1,485,340 Value $78,841,720 $52,809,666 $37,066,574 All other products, including value added to rolled products by further manufacture $7,766,417 $7,212, 259 $8,082,924 Steel production. Total tons 2,667,043 1,555,198 1,460,710 Bessemer 1,631,164 1,193,548 1,211,115 Open-hearth 1,020,208 361,650 249,313 15,671 2,592,430 282 Ingots l,499,ir.O 1,421,687 Castings 74,613 66,038 39,023 ‘ Purchased, or transferred from other works of the company reporting; not Including scrap and partially manufactured material consumed in plant where produced. In using tliis table it should bo borne in mind that the year 1904 was one of partial depression in the iron and steel industry, and hence neither com])aratively small increases in quantity and value for 1904 as conqiarcd with 1899 nor comparatively large increases for 1909 as comjtarcd with 1904 are representative of the normal rate of growth for the industry. The total cost of the materials consumefl in the steel works and rolling mills of the state increased 87.3 per cent from 1899 to 1909. The principal in- crease was in the most important group of materials, pig iron and ferroalloys, the tonnage of which in- creased from 1,410,721 to 2,433,805, or 72.5 percent, accompaniefl by an increase from $14,137,074 to $36,686,448, or 159.5 per cent, in cost. Ingots, blooms, billets, etc., also show a material increase in both tonnage and cost, while scrap shows a large decrease in both respects. The total value of products increased 91.8 per cent from 1899 to 1909. The total steel production was 2,667,043 tons in 1909, as compared with 1,460,710 tons in 1899, the increase for the decade being 82.6 per cent. The output of all classes of steel increased between 1899 and 1909, but the actual increase in open- hearth steel was particularly striking. Most of the increased steel production was in the form of ingots, the tonnage of winch increased from 1,421,687 in 1899 to 2,592,430 in 1909, or 82.3 per cent, while the tonnage of castings increased from 39,023 to 74,613, or 91.2 per cent, during the same period. The lead- ing rolling-mill products in 1909 in the order of total tonnage were rails, bars and rods, wire rods, struc- tural shapes, plates and sheets, and rail fastenings. Iron and steel, blast furnaces. — The tonnage and value of pig iron produced and the value of all other products in 1909, 1904, and 1899 are shown in the following table: PRODUCT. Total value Pig iron: Tons • Value All other products Pig Iron, classified by grades (tons): Bessemer Basic Foundry Forge of mill Malleable Bessemer White, mottled , miscellaneous, and direct castings Ferroalloys— spiegeleisen, ferroman- ganese, etc 1909 1904 $38, 299, 897 2,468,772 838,299,897 1,805,718 352,381 60, 151 2,6:33 173,871 9,893 64, 125 $27,330, 836 1,060,610 $25,508,271 $1,822,505 1,424,0:30 52,058 105,835 1,411 31,588 080 44,408 1899 $15. 153, 646 1,469,530 $15,033,696 $119,950 1,320,287 94,068 7,500 47 47, 688 The production of pig iron in the state increased 48.7 per cent in quantity and 50.1 per cent in value from 1904 to 1909, as compared with 13 per cent in quantity and 69.7 per cent in value during the five- year period 1899-1904. Bessemer pig iron formed only 73.1 per cent of the total production in 1909, whereas in 1904 and in 1899 it formed over 85 per cent. All the pig iron produced in Illinois was coke iron. The establishments operating the blast furnaces produced in 1909, 2,152,608 tons for their own use and 316,164 tons for sale. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 725 Agricultural implements. — The following table shows the value of the dilFerent classes of agricultural implements manufactured in Illinois in 1909 and 1904 and the total value of products for 1899: PRODUCT. I!K)9 liHM 1899 Total value $57,268,325 $38,412,452 $42,033,796 Implements of cultivation Seeders and planters Harvesting implements H, 422, 970 5,680,681 22,417,070 12,273,939 2,998,075 10,874,413 . 41,3.59,006 Seed separators 1,847,020 915,095 All other products Amount received for repair work 12,528,685 371,893 5,167,368 183, 562 074,790 The value of agricultural implements manufac- tured was $57,268,325 in 1909, as compared with $38,412,452 in 1904, an increase for the five years of $18,855,873, or 49.1 per cent. The production in 1904, however, was abnormally low, owing to an overproduction in 1903, and a comparison of the figures for 1909 with those for 1899, therefore, better indicates the true growth of the industry. Such a comparison shows an increase in value of products for the decade of $15,234,529, or 36.2 per cent. In both 1909 and 1904 harvesting implements consti- tuted the most important class of products, as meas- ured by value. Flour-mill and gristmill products. — The manufac- ture of flour-mill and gristmill products has long been one of the leading industries of Illinois. The follow- ing tabular statement gives the quantity and value of the products for 1909, 1904, and 1899: PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value $51, 110, 681 $39, 892, 127 $28,576,357 Wheat flour; White— Barrels 6,360,318 5,939,383 5,932,815 Value $33,858,081 $27,542,880 $20,320,387 Graham — Barrels 26,229 15,297 Value $134,413 $76,521 Corn meal and corn flour: Barrels 7.38,864 1,068,286 1,589,178 Value $2, 168,824 $2,319, 104 $2,361,940 Rye flour: Barrels 116,925 77, .309 59, 943 Value Buckwheat flour: $539,732 $279, 992 $175,246 Pounds 1,802,689 2, 055,. 372 3, 990, .578 Value $54,842 $62,210 $100,652 Barley meal; Pounds 110,400 1,272,000 1,322,000 Value $1,560 $20,220 $15,792 Hominy and grits: Pounds 221,177,853 239, 728, 156 33,701,026 Value $3,224, 171 $2,551,096 $263,059 Feed: Tons 259,543 147,419 204,089 Value $6,256,207 $2,636,897 $2,897,455 Ofial: Tons 216, .309 258,992 203,099 Value $4,510,073 $4,344,653 $2,329,450 All other products $362, 778 $58,-554 $111,376 ■ Not reported separately. White flour, which is the leading product of the in- dustry in the state, shows an increase between 1904 and 1909 of 420,935 barrels, or 7.1 per cent, in quan- tity, and of $6,315,201, or 22.9 per cent, in value, while the output of feed, the second product in impor- tance on the basis of value, increased 112,124 tons, or 76.1 ])er cent, in quantity, and $3,619,310, or 137.3 per cent, in value. The out])ut of hominy and grits shows an increase of $673,075, or 26.4 per cent, in value in 1909 as compared with 1904, but a decrease of 18,550,303 pounds, or 7.7 per cent, in quantity, and that of offal, which consists mainly of bran and mid- dlings, the by-products of the flour mills, an increase of $165,420, or 3.8 per cent, in value, but a decrease of 42,683 tons, or 16.5 per cent, in quantity. The output of corn meal and corn flour decreased 329,422 barrels, or 30.8 per cent, in quantity, and $150,280, or 6.5 per cent, in value. The value of products for the industiy as a whole shows an increase from $39,892,127 in 1904 to $51,110,681 in 1909, or 28.1 per cent. The following tabular statement classifies the flour mills reported in 1909 and 1904 according to their out- put for the year: OUTPUT. NUMBER OF MILLS. 1909 1904 All classes 309 302 Less than 1,000 barrels 88 48 1,000 barrels but less than 5,000 86 106 76 89 47 47 100,000 barrels and over 12 12 The flour nulls and gristmills of the state reported n 1909, 3,47 7 pairs of rolls as compared with 4,008 pairs in 1904 and 3,008 pairs in 1899, and 416 runs of stone and steel burrs, as against 296 in 1904 and 307 in 1899. Fifty-nine establishments manufactured the barrels in which to ship their product in 1909, and 3 manufactured sacks. Soap. — In the next table the quantity and cost of the principal materials used in making soap and the quantity and value of the chief products are shown. The quantity of tallow, grease, and other fats used shows a decrease in 1909 as compared with 1904 of 31.1 per cent; that of cottonseed oil, a decrease of 81.3 percent; and that of caustic soda, a decrease of 21.2 per cent. On the other hand, the quantity of cocoa- nut and palm-kernel oil used increased 108.3 percent; that of foots, 60.1 per cent; and that of soda ash, 61 per cent. The materials included under the head of “All other materials” show an increase of $5,719,088, or 376.1 per cent, in cost, due largely to the fact that under this head are included the cost of the principal materials used in the manufacture of cottolene, of which a considerable amount was produced in Illinois as a secondary product in 1909 by establishments classified as engaged in the soap industry. The output of hard soaps, which constitute the most important class of products of the industry, was 55,646,050 pounds, or 28.1 per cent, greater in 1909 than in 1904. Of the total increase of $6,024,091, or 42.6 per cent, in the value of products for the industry, a little more than two-thirds represented the increase in 75100°— 13 47 726 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. tho value of hard soaps produced. The quantity of soft soap manufactured in 1909 was more than thir- teen times that reported for 1904 and its value more tlxan live times that reported for the earlier year. The quantity of glycerin manufactured in 1909 was nearly double that made in 1904, and its value shows an in- crease of 130.8 ])er cent. MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. Materials used, total cost. Tallow, grease, and other tats; Pounds Cost Cocoaniit and palm-kernel oil: Gallons Cost Cottonseed oil: Gallons Cost Rosin: Pounds Cost Foots: Pounds Cost Caustic soda: Tons Cost Soda ash: Tons Cost Fuel and rent of power All other materials Products, total value Hard soaps: Pounds.. Value Soft soap: Pounds Value Glycerin: Pounds V’alue All other products ' 1909 1904 $13,948,160 $9,345,061 54,54(>,522 $3,225,011 79,134,570 $3,573,202 2,174,700 $1,084,613 1,043,976 $438,644 1,566,800 $576,624 8,356,680 $2,515,047 18,272,898 $423,829 18,667,593 $303,456 21,403,551 $511,907 13,367,007 $256,068 8,022 $335,312 10, 186 $364,256 15,640 $288,647 9,715 $148, 109 $262,319 $7,239,898 $225,469 $1,520,810 $20,180,799 $14, 156,708 253,629,401 $13,050,220 197,983,351 $8,671,921 7,554,416 $200,521 567, 153 $39,433 6,768,939 $876,871 3,721,609 $379,863 $6,053, 187 $5,065,491 ' Includes liquid soap, special soap articles, and cottolene in 1909. Musical instruments, pianos and organs and mate- rials. — The following table gives the number and value of the principal products reported by the piano and organ industry for 1909, 1904, and 1899: PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Total value $19,176,328 $13,323,358 $8,251,930 Pianos: Number 108, 283 74,137 46, 134 Value $14,783,394 $9,696,142 $5,691,747 Upright— Number 107,903 73,899 46, 024 Value $14,646,471 $9,614,431 $5,643,287 Without player attachments— Number 103,4.33 73,874 46,024 Value $13,226,811 $9,605,681 $5,643, 287 For or with player attachments- 4,470 25 Value $1,419,660 $8,750 Grand — Number 380 238 110 Value $136,923 $81,711 $48,460 Player attachments made separate from pianos: 464 2,647 $227,887 $34,908 Organs: Number 28,798 55, 759 52,. 394 Value $1,281,415 $1,969,543 $1,773,200 Pipe— Number 154 140 87 Value $.307,632 $2:i0,323 $105, 157 Reed— Number 28,044 55,619 52,307 Value $973,783 $1,739,220 $1,668,043 Parts and materials $2,785,607 $858,111 (') All other products $290,944 $.571,675 $786,08,3 > Included with “All other products.” Increases occurred during the decade in both tho nambor and the value of ail kinds of pianos and organs manufactured except rood organs, wliich show de- creases in both respects from 1904 to 1909. The player pianos, which increased in number from 25 in 1904 to 4,470 in 1909, are now being manufactured in far greater number than tho detached jiiano players, wliich decreased in number from 2,647 in 1904 to 464 in 1909. The number of upright pianos manufactured without the jilayor attachment was 73,874 in 1904 and 103,433 in 1909, an increase of 29,559, or 40 per cent, while tho value of the output increased 37.7 per cent during this interval. From 1904 to 1909 the num- ber of grand pianos manufactured mcreased from 238 to 380 and the number of pipe organs from 140 to 154. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. — The butter, cheese, and condensed-milk industry, although show- ing a decrease since 1904 of 110, or 27.2 per cent, in the number of establishments, shows an increase of $4,521,745, or 34.1 per cent, in the total value of products. In Illinois, as in most other states where dairying is carried on extensively, the total amount of milk used in this industry has decreased and the total amount of cream has increased. This is due to the fact that a large part of the cream used is now sepa- rated on the farms instead of at the factories, and only the cream is sold, instead of the whole milk, as for- merly. This decrease in the amoimt of milk bought by the butter factories has been counteracted to some extent by the rapid growth in the demand on the part of the condensed-milk factories, which necessarily use whole milk. The net result has been a decrease of 12.7 per cent in the amount of milk bought. The following table gives in detail tho quantity and value of the products of the industry for 1909, 1904, and 1899: PRODUCT. 1909 loot 1899 Total value $17,798,278 $13,276,533 $12,879,299 Butter: Packed solid — Pounds 14, 767, .503 20,466,655 30,238,587 Value $4,215,191 $4,290,377 $6,108,308 Prints or rolls — Pounds 9,803,473 6,873,270 3,816,725 Value $2,873,223 $1,459,935 $782,725 Cream sold: Pounds 11,496, 133 2, 192,048 9,521,000 Value $1,274,796 $179,071 $230,508 $609, 185 All other butter-factory products * $257,711 $361, 103 Cheese: Full cream — Pounds Value 2,919,897 $398,397 Part cream — Pounds 561,028 5,301,211 9,055,119 Value $58,005 $426,020 $026,984 Other kinds— 1‘ounds Value All other cheese-factory products 1,318,310 $64,a84 $6,801 $3,101 $16,697 Condensed milk: Swco toned- Poiiruis 48,240,252 47,.511,291 1 Value $4, 468,085 $.3,416,927 1 71,257,449 f $4,303,597 Unsweetened- Pounds 66,260(490 4,5,913,761 Value $3,969, 542 $;),257,807 1 All other condonsod-milk factory prod- $134,242 $78,201 $10,700 $12,661 ‘ Includes skimmed milk sold and casein. STATISTICS 01^ MANUFACTURES. 727 The quantity of butter produced in factories luus showji a marked decrease at each of the last two cen- suses. In 1899 the quantity produced was 34,055,312 pounds, but by 1909 it had decreased to 24,570,976 pounds, a loss of 9,484,336 pouzids, or 27.8 per cent. The value of the output, on the other hand, although it decreased a little between 1899 and 1904, increased dur- ing the next five-year period. In 1899 the total value was $6,891 ,033, but in 1909 it was $7,088,414, an increase of $197,381, or 2.9 per cent, for the decade as a whole. A decrease of 27.8 per cent in quantity has thus been accompanied by an increase of 2.9 percent in value. The total value of the cheese-factory products de- creased from $643,681 in 1899 to $429,187 in 1904 and increased during the following five years to $527,287. Tlie total output of all kinds of cheese in 1909 amounted to 4,799,235 pounds, representing a decrease of 47 per cent as compared with 1899, when it was 9,055,119 pounds. There were 15 condensed-milk factories in Illinois in 1904 and 27 in 1909. In 1909 the total value of the condensed-milk product, including both sweetened and unsweetened, formed 48.2 per cent of the state total for the combined industry. For both kinds of con- densed milk combined there was an increase from 1899 to 1904 of 31.1 per cent in quantity and of 55.1 per cent in value, while the corresponding gains for the five-year period 1904-1909 were 22.6 percent and 26.4 per cent, respectively. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. — The following table shows the number of pairs of the various kinds of footwear manufactured in Illinois during 1909, 1904, and 1899: KIND. NUMBER OF PAIRS. 1909 1904 1899 Boots and shoes 6,893,731 4,018,016 1,270,520 1,034,470 570,725 274, 697 112,900 161, 797 1,002,277 125, 100 5,736, 197 3,463, 185 691. 165 887,707 694, 140 261,265 43,099 218. 166 (>) 140,000 5,669,476 2,975,957 419,839 1,552,473 721, 207 213, 126 45,420 167,706 (>) 179,380 Boys’ and youths’ Misses’ and children’s Slippers * Men’s, boys,’ and youths’ Women’s, misses,’ and children’s Infants’ shoes and slippers ' Not reported separately. The number of pairs of boots and shoes manufac- tured increased 1,157,534, or 20.2 per cent, between 1904 and 1909, and the number of pairs of slippers, exclusive of infants’ slippers, increased 13,432, or 5.1 per cent. Increases in the production of men’s and of boys’ and youths’ boots and shoes are shown for both five-year periods, while decreases are shown for the two five-year periods in the output of misses’ and children’s boots and shoes. A decrease in the output of women’s boots and shoes occurred between 1899 and 1904, but an increase took place between 1904 and 1909. In the latter period there was a decrease of 56,369 pairs, or 25.8 per cent, in the production of women’s, misses’, and childi’en’s shppers, but an increase of 69,801 pairs, or 162 per cent, in the produc- tion of men’s, boys’, and youtlis’ slippers. The following table classifies the number of pairs of the various kinds of footwear jiroduced in 1909 accord- ing to the method of manufacture: KIND. NUMBER OF PAIRS, BY METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. Total. Machine or hand welt. McKay. All other methods.' Boots and shoes 6,893,731 3,310,544 3,174,420 408,767 Men’s 4,018,016 3,127,767 630,755 259, 494 Boys’ and youths’ Women’s, misses’, and chil- 1,270,520 1,170,688 99,832 dren’s 1,605,195 182,777 1,372,977 49,441 Slippers, all kinds Infants’ shoes and slippers 274,697 45,540 211,722 17,435 1,002,277 448,338 5.53,939 All other kinds 125,100 (^) 0) 125, 100 > Includes wire-screw or metal-fastened, turned, and wooden-pegged. 2 Included in “All other methods." Of the total output of boots and shoes, nearly one- half were made by the machine or hand-welt process and a shghtly smaller proportion by the McKay proc- ess, the remainder being turned, wooden-i>egged, or wire-screw or metal-fastened. The greater part of the men’s boots and shoes (77.8 per cent) were made by the machine or hand-welt method, while most of the boys’ and youths’ boots and shoes (92.1 per cent) and the greater part of the women’s, misses’, and children’s boots and shoes (85.5 per cent) were made by the McKay process. Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. — The quantity and cost of the principal materials used and the quan- tity and value of the various products are shown, for 1909, 1904, and 1899, in the following table: MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. 1909 1904 1899 Materials used, total cost $12,130,609 $8,173,788 $5,784,474 Hides, all kinds: Number 1 663,928 707,441 748,978 Cost $3,859,429 $2,537,379 $2,294,141 Skins: Number 4,952,358 4,496,856 2,775,971 Cost $6,891,454 $4,571,763 $2,642,318 Calf and kip— Number 3,008,616 2,291,546 1,478,882 Cost $5,532,850 $3,378,153 $2,073,564 Sheep — Number 1,562,628 2,065,943 1,263,323 Cost $922,466 $1,075,737 $556,964 All other — Number 2 381,114 139,367 33,766 Cost $436, 138 $117,873 $11,785 Fuel and rent of power All other materials $151,707 $76,664 $73,736 $1,228, 019 $987,982 $774, 284 Products, total value $14,911,782 $10,758, 196 $7,847,835 Leather: Sole, hemlock and chrome — Sides 109, 266 103,198 68,324 Value $490,442 $460,000 $310,296 Upper, other than calf or kip skins— Grain, satin, pebble, etc. — Sides 932,482 364,950 $828,060 932,186 Value $3,058,427 $1,318,546 Finished splits — Number 613,045 160,800 974,992 Value $414, 160 $123,000 $487,675 Horsehides— Number 101,875 134,893 100,000 Value $356,760 $617,604 $385,000 Calf and kip skins, tanned and fin- ished — Number 2,926,674 2,293,950 1,455,154 Value $7,071,221 $4,741,324 $3,034,367 Sheepskins— Number 1,142,669 1,696,713 1,263,323 Value $716,605 $964,099 $540, 193 Glove $586,823 $707,419 $185, 450 All other $1,639, 736 $1,564,208 $1,067,949 All other products $577,608 $752,482 $518,359 1 Cattle hides only. 2 includes horsehides 728 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. This table shows an increase of 48.4 per cent from 1904 to 1909 in the total cost of materials used, as compared with an increase of 41.3 per cent from 1899 to 1 904. There was a decrease during each of the five- year periods in the number of hides used, but an in- crease in their total cost. Largo increases are shown for both five-year periods in the number and cost of calf and kip skins treated, while for sheepskins increases are shown for the earlier period only, although both the number and the value of the sheepskins used in 1909 were materially larger than in 1899. Uio total value of products increased 38.6 per cent from 1904 to 1909 and 37.1 per cent from 1899 to 1904. Tanned and finished calf and kip skins were the lead- ing products, on the basis of value, at each census, contributing 47.4 per cent of the total value of all the products of the industry in 1909. The value of grain, satin, pebble, and similar upper leathers, the class of products second in importance in this respect, formed only 20.5 per cent of the total value of products in 1909. The relative increase in value from 1904 to 1909 was greater for leather of this class, however, than for any other, amounting to 269.3 per cent. The output shows an increase of 155.5 per cent in 1909 as' com- pared with 1904, although practically the same as in 1899. The greatest relative increase in output for the five-year period 1904-1909 (281.2 per cent), was re- ported for finished sphts of upper leather, which, how- ever, show a decrease of 37.1 per cent in 1909 as com- pared with 1899. Sheepskins and horsehides increased in number and value from 1899 to 1904 and decreased in both respects from 1904 to 1909, the output of sheepskins in 1909 being somewhat less than in 1899, while that of horsehides was slightly greater. laundries. — Statistics for steam laundries are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manu- facturing industries. There were 448 such establish- ments in the state of Illinois, 226 of which were in Chicago, 8 in Rockford, 7 each in Evanston and Peoria, 6 each in Decatur and Springfield, and 5 each m Aurora, Moline, Quincy, and Rock Island. No other incorpo- rated place of 10,000 inhabitants or over had as many as 5 steam laundries. The following statement summarizes the statistics: Number of establishments 448 Persons engaged in the industry 10, 916 Proprietors and firm members 470 Salaried employees 741 Wage earners (average number) 9,705 Primary horsepower 10,780 Capital $5,540,008 Expenses 8, 2.89, 44 1 Services 5, 0,85, 652 Materials 1, 721, 845 Miscellaneous 1, 481, 944 Amount received for work done 10, 049, 445 Of the total number of wage earners in the industiy, 6,601, or 68 per cent, and of the total amount received for work done in the state, $7,108,126, or 70.7 per cent. were reported from Chicago. The most common form of ownership was the individual, with 250 estab- lishments. The firm and the corporate forms of ownership were represented by 100 and 98 establish- ments, respectively. Ninety-nine establishments had receipts for the year’s business of less than $5,000; 209, receipts of $5,000 but less than $20,000; 130, receipts of $20,000 but less than $100,000; and 10, receipts of $100,000 but less than $1,000,000. The average number of wage earners employed each month and the percentage which this number repre- sented of the greatest number employed in any one month were as follows: MONTH. WAGE EARNERS. MONTH. WAGE EARNERS. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. Number. Per cent of maxi- mum. January February March April May June 9,288 9,369 9,425 9,522 9,741 9,862 91.6 92.4 92.9 93.9 96.1 97.2 July August September October November December 10,042 10, 141 10,008 9,718 9,657 9,686 99.0 100.0 98.7 95.8 95.2 95.5 Tlie different kinds of primary power, the number of enguies or motors, and the horsepower used in 1909 are shown in the follo\ving tabular statement: KIND, Number of engines or motors. Horse- I)ower. 10,780 « 9,494 171 15 1,044 66 Owned: Steam 304 23 1 271 Gas Rented: The kind and quantity of fuel used are sho^vn in the following statement: KIND. Unit. Quantity. Tons 12,854 126,068 551 Tons Tons Wood Cords 89 Oil Barrels 2, 172 47,655 1,000 feet Custom sawmills and gristmills. — Statistics for cus- tom sawmills and gristmills are not included in the general tables or in the totals for manufacturing indus- tries, but are presented in the following summary: Custom sawmills. Custom gristmills. 123 157 305 311 149 200 4 150 101 2,244 5, 577 $139,731 48, 100 $628, 452 2, 12,5, ,560 42, 296 38,784 2, 099 > 2, 062, .502 6, 707 117,443 20, 762 ' 2,340,542 ' IncUuloS cstimnl.o of all Rrain prouiul. A similar oslimato for tho value of the lumber sawed by custom sawmills is impracticable. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 729 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899. THK STATE— ALL INDUSTKIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES. STATE— AU Industries. Agricultural Implements. Artificial stone. Automobiles ,including bodies and parts. Babbitt metal and solder. Bags, other than paper. Baking powders and yeast. Belting and hose, leather. Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts. Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings. Boxes, cigar. Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products. Brick and tile. Brooms and brushes. Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. Buttons. Canning and preserving. Carriages and wagons and materials. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including op- erations of railroad companies. Census Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS Total. i KNOAQI Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. :d in ini Salariec employ- ees. )USTRY. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. 1 Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. j Expressed in thousands. 1909 18,026 661,044 17,367 77,923 465,764 1,013,071 !$1,548,171 $91,449 $273, 319 $1,160,927 $1,919,277 $758, 350 1904 14,921 447,947 13,990 64,521 379,436 741,655 975,845 60,560 208,405 840, 057 1,410,342 570,285 1899 14,374 40, 964 332,871 659,347 732, 830 40, 549 159, 104 681,450 1, 120, 868 439, 418 1909 79 21,511 48 2,223 19,240 38,040 110,605 2,033 11,718 24,824 57,268 32,444 1904 82 17,331 43 1,929 15,359 34,934 71,383 2,152 8,851 17,751 .38,412 20,661 1899 94 22,731 56 4,444 18,231 30, 161 62,202 3,420 9,065 18,860 42,0.34 23, 174 1909 3G6 1,312 473 54 785 1,111 1,236 39 439 577 1,488 911 1904 27 142 34 17 91 32 121 11 52 53 158 105 1 1899 1909 6.6 2,804 41 381 2,382 1,786 4,084 426 1,653 3,979 7, 154 3,175 1904 12 192 8 17 167 136 401 28 107 112 357 245 1899 4 36 303 975 28 218 292 748 456 1909 19 291 6 102 183 988 1,410 161 109 3,374 4,146 772 1904 12 200 4 54 142 427 971 61 70 1,916 2,500 584 1899 9 177 2 40 135 558 58 68 1,262 1,521 259 1909 6 213 4 20 189 157 576 24 175 685 965 280 1904 4 150 2 21 127 112 104 21 47 642 809 167 1899 4 127 4 17 106 94 11 36 369 547 178 1909 24 1,133 11 465 657 1,189 6,115 509 346 3,261 7,632 4,371 1904 22 971 21 192 758 1,057 3,868 248 349 1,787 4,541 2,754 1899 17 612 11 154 447 1,170 229 155 1,288 3,347 2,059 1909 11 403 9 161 233 430 1,279 183 165 1,385 2,188 803 1904 10 226 6 63 157 212 833 82 96 617 1,055 438 1899 8 326 2 93 231 640 71 108 893 1,361 468 1909 14 1,005 8 87 910 775 1,276 78 600 973 1,777 804 1904 13 1,057 6 82 969 2,234 1,030 82 594 513 1,161 648 1899 60 5,061 31 642 4,388 7,695 522 2, 145 4,837 8,960 4,123 1909 58 407 50 121 236 336 517 153 123 569 1,230 661 1904 38 257 33 49 175 63 219 49 69 358 661 303 1899 37 203 37 45 121 144 46 43 195 508 313 1909 53 6,392 38 562 5,792 2,770 7,570 700 3, 143 10,869 16,755 5,886 1904 52 4,587 41 297 4,249 1,977 3,945 336 1,991 6,415 9,993 3,578 1899 2 63 304 4,790 3,558 347 2,085 • 7,160 10,499 3,339 1909 18 463 17 42 404 296 358 51 158 317 664 347 1904 17 466 21 29 416 183 253 30 151 252 575 323 1899 17 398 17 29 352 187 26 111 221 470 249 1909 61 4,509 31 393 4,085 4,143 3,813 444 1,501 3,012 6,350 3,338 1904 50 2,946 35 211 2,700 2,649 2, 102 241 954 1,684 3,686 2,002 1899 44 2,673 35 161 2,477 1,495 180 798 1,453 2,991 1,538 1909 79 2,052 56 308 1.688 1,859 4,056 426 1,136 4,148 6,842 2,694 1904 2 58 1,932 46 281 1,605 1,231 3,430 289 919 2,372 4,751 2,379 1899 53 1,4.36 44 129 1,263 1,472 149 617 1,948 3,276 1,328 1909 2,099 12,566 2,409 1,546 8,611 5,618 24,224 1,347 5,495 21,606 36, 118 14,512 1904 1,406 9,632 1,512 705 7,415 3,795 13,515 591 4,115 14,279 26, 145 11,866 1899 1,064 7,703 1,157 987 5,559 7,294 700 2,667 8, 193 15,879 7,686 1909 340 7,347 384 389 6,574 36,013 18,495 466 4,386 2,491 9,765 7,274 1904 435 6,275 509 303 5,463 28,059 12,988 350 3,052 1,705 7,546 5,841 1899 566 6, 120 688 208 5,224 23,876 9, 199 218 2, 131 1,026 5,081 4,055 1909 119 1,074 124 130 820 503 1,220 137 415 1,389 2,430 1,041 1904 129 908 129 68 711 621 631 67 334 868 1,687 819 1899 156 958 162 76 720 501 67 324 711 1,453 742 1909 295 3,000 896 372 1,732 6,753 7,820 398 942 14,267 17, 798 3,531 1904 405 2,302 272 295 1,735 6,350 5,322 154 829 10, 709 13,277 2,568 1899 527 2,097 394 220 1,483 6,886 4,466 136 697 10, 199 12,879 2,680 1909 28 623 39 36 548 275 262 31 247 237 676 439 1904 22 330 30 20 280 220 104 11 102 71 251 180 1899 14 301 15 14 272 121 53 8 101 66 242 176 1909 118 2,800 113 304 2,383 4,305 5,630 367 904 4,813 7,620 2,807 1904 125 2,5.33 166 221 2, 146 2,630 4,007 225 827 4,316 7,044 2,728 1899 122 313 2, 121 2,470 202 641 3,750 5,864 2,114 1909 325 6,746 349 545 5,852 9,684 17,859 644 3,588 9,479 16,831 7,352 1904 324 5,981 301 465 5,155 7,238 12,005 534 2,778 5,746 11,392 5,646 1899 361 345 4,345 8,880 350 2,114 4,353 9,002 4,649 1909 73 24,406 1,275 23, 131 20, 740 18, 722 1,295 15, 288 15,233 32,229 16,996 1904 99 20, 232 1, 1.37 19,095 15, 733 13,242 1,062 12, 105 12,268 25,491 ' 13, 223 1899 98 14,421 018 13,803 6,979 11,726 569 7,423 8,287 16,580 8,293 1909 30 2.364 124 2,240 2,225 3,886 123 1,395 1,807 3,451 1,644 1904 10 1,035 29 1,006 412 1,082 31 654 418 1,143 725 1899 12 914 29 885 736 32 509 532 1, 116 584 1909 28 11,782 2 835 10,945 18,651 37,935 1,002 7,824 15,336 27,001 11,665 1904 16 9,666 2 628 9,036 14,830 15,467 719 5,931 21,173 30,926 9,753 1899 17 9,593 279 9,314 10,497 18,732 330 5,361 17,075 24,846 7,771 * Not reported separately. 2 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 730 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I — COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THK STATE— AM. INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SEUECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY, Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS Total. ENGAGE Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. D IN INI Salaried employ- ees. )USTRT. Wage earners (average num- ber). 1 Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. STATE— Continued. Coment 1909 6 1,536 141 1,395 15,270 $0,687 $200 5|«55 $1 61 Q 1904 0 '607 67 '540 6, 100 2,455 102 328 460 l | l 78 ’718 1 1899 Chora icals 1909 19 972 2 134 836 5,907 4,639 181 531 2,896 4,656 1,760 1904 14 846 2 123 721 2,874 4,280 186 392 1,355 2,283 928 1899 26 688 13 96 679 1,461 2,384 119 309 1,176 2,086 910 Clocks and watches, including cases and 1909 19 5,883 9 209 5,665 2,578 12,412 306 3,217 1,688 7,045 5,357 materials. 1904 2 12 4,240 8 161 4,071 1,232 8,639 247 2,357 996 4,999 4;003 1899 17 3,400 14 116 3,270 7,285 115 1,691 706 2,811 2,105 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 1909 715 41,122 861 4,109 36,152 3,729 38,763 4,494 16,580 45,228 89,473 44,245 1904 624 25,063 746 2,902 21,355 2,176 19, 724 3,138 10,215 28,026 57,002 28,976 1899 938 1,837 16, 857 14,417 1,943 6, 427 1 9, 386 39, 685 9<)9 Clothing, women’s 1909 221 7,279 267 861 6,151 804 5,567 987 3,152 9,214 16,635 7,421 1904 191 5,664 256 718 4,690 721 3,558 717 2, 198 6,333 12,237 5,904 1899 169 5,179 218 559 4,402 578 2,946 603 1,492 5,019 9,775 4,756 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding. . 1909 35 1,792 23 751 1,018 2,709 8,752 1,080 525 15,114 19,751 4,637 1904 25 1,361 22 386 953 2,010 6,488 473 432 12,483 15,745 3,262 1899 27 1,484 19 535 930 5,225 564 373 10,007 12,708 2,701 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ 1909 21 924 10 182 732 1,071 2,089 305 406 982 2,260 1,278 goods. 1904 18 819 11 132 676 1,102 1,494 159 345 929 1,867 938 1899 13 575 10 72 493 681 79 242 725 1,242 517 Confectionery 1909 140 4,622 112 711 3,799 3,417 6,094 771 1,429 7,665 12,798 5,133 1904 87 4,115 67 461 3,587 3,6'23 3,704 425 1,170 4,202 7,646 3,444 1899 64 447 3,079 2,253 348 835 3,763 6,461 2,698 Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- 1909 80 2,617 56 173 2,388 5,247 4,453 249 1,127 4,479 6,611 2,132 where specified. 1904 110 2,845 no 168 2,567 4,672 3,839 208 1,176 4,782 7,088 2,306 1899 147 3,288 146 123 3,019 2,942 129 S 295 3,890 6,181 2,291 Copper, tin, and sheeWron products 1909 483 8,897 508 916 7,473 5,510 31,018 1,088 4,315 13,193 22,823 4,630 1904 288 6,472 305 522 5,045 3,686 27,378 767 2,958 8,795 15,385 6,590 1899 282 310 4,541 5,498 328 2,145 6,191 10, 598 4,407 Corsets 1909 16 1,663 6 155 1,502 541 1,306 210 525 1,195 2,711 1,516 1904 15 1,011 14 36 961 387 579 36 331 561 1,237 676 1899 18 1,163 20 48 1,095 532 35 274 463 1,005 542 Cotton goods, including cotton small 1909 5 1,397 78 1,319 2,020 1,979 105 522 1,102 2,111 1,009 wares. 1904 3 548 2 25 521 1,606 1,869 27 187 295 613 318 3 1899 Cutlery and tools, notelsewhere specified . 1909 80 1,661 63 205 1,393 2,385 2,455 276 760 1,072 2,758 1,686 1904 59 1,036 56 85 895 1,340 1,445 87 416 565 1,515 950 1899 2 39 400 37 58 305 742 29 166 156 589 433 Dairymen’s, poulterers’, and apiarists’ 1909 29 427 30 74 323 064 859 59 178 575 1,181 606 supplies. 1904 24 459 22 78 359 578 571 53 152 561 1,131 570 1 1899 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and 1909 143 11,854 55 2,158 9,641 11,636 24, 202 2,124 6,413 13,628 26,826 13,191 supplies. 1904 104 7,808 46 1,631 6,131 6,253 21,645 1,407 3,203 7,649 10,700 9,053 1899 82 7,251 61 1,142 6,048 0,274 11,641 638 2,818 4,676 12, 169 7,493 Electroplating 1909 43 467 49 33 375 703 290 31 245 226 697 471 1904 26 324 29 23 272 281 158 20 155 124 425 301 1899 30 19 320 87 20 140 56 317 261 Explosives 1909 g 327 37 290 1,828 1,562 44 190 935 1,469 534 1904 5 174 32 142 i ;383 '775 56 83 412 '712 300 1899 3 85 14 71 494 14 32 144 290 146 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified . . 1909 44 613 32 137 444 230 6.59 140 222 574 1,320 746 1904 39 934 29 120 785 286 718 137 334 658 1,674 1,016 1899 44 96 468 370 67 175 425 908 483 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges 1909 24 376 18 65 293 57 .383 58 112 313 676 363 and emblems. 1904 27 359 23 55 281 51 275 45 102 241 563 322 1899 12 27 178 128 23 66 141 290 140 Flour-mill and gristmill products 1909 401 3,034 544 626 2,464 38,472 18,454 805 1,271 4.5,590 51,111 5,521 1904 363 3,287 412 465 2,410 38, 1.58 14,128 509 1,211 34,930 .39,892 4,902 1899 353 356 IjiXKi 33, 801 10,714 356 1,030 24,937 28,575 3,638 Foundry and machine-shop products. . . 1909 1,178 61,. 303 700 8,337 52,206 92,831 143,277 10,721 33, 157 03,810 138,579 74,769 1904 2 947 48,912 639 5,644 42,629 55,903 95,618 7,035 25,425 39,701 94,917 55, 166 1899 949 3,777 39,536 04,051 4,304 20,877 38,325 81,987 43,662 A Fur goods 1909 03 473 63 91 319 59 972 109 230 1,071 1,929 858 1904 36 410 40 44 326 27 522 (>8 200 819 1,432 613 1899 34 82 711 750 77 325 1,261 2,331 1,070 Furnishing goods, men’s 1909 01 .3, 110 00 368 2,688 796 2,881 427 1,015 4,. 573 7,213 2,1)40 1904 • 36 1,938 45 246 1,647 277 1,819 179 581 2,470 4, 103 1,6.33 1899 33 1,944 4.3 151 1,750 998 133 534 2,006 3,3 fi 5 1,299 Furniture and refrigerators 1909 267 15,240 .300 1,.305 13,575 20,875 22,383 1,755 8, 100 12,501 27,900 15,309 1904 207 13, 6.38 141 1,071 12, 426 15,5.38 17,027 1,2,39 6,714 9,664 22,395 12,731 1899 150 10,970 128 874 9,974 10,350 891 4,543 6,849 15,023 8,774 > Not reported scpar.ololy. 2 Excluding statistics for two estal)li8hmcnts, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Figures can not be shown witliout disclosing individual operations. < Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 731 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continuec]. THE STATE— ALE INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDCSl’RIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS Total. ENGAGE Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. D IN INI Salaried employ- ees. JUSTRY. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. STATE— Continued. Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and 1909 78 2,619 41 488 2,090 1,883 13,657 $067 $1,184 $2,694 $5,797 $3,103 reflectors. 1904 44 1,386 34 198 1,154 793 1,736 219 640 1,194 2,905 1,711 1899 56 855 50 171 634 800 154 323 688 1,707 1,019 Gas, illiuninating and beating 1909 78 8,020 2 1,717 6,301 18,385 131,790 1,567 2,%7 6,210 21,052 14,842 1904 64 4,069 10 1,095 2,964 5,700 97,119 1,.344 1,695 4,519 16,008 11,489 1899 53 3, 198 827 371 76 816 770 1 1 QQI R 774 Ct, 783 Glass 1909 11 3,686 3 176 3,507 6,638 7,738 231 2, 182 1,541 5,047 3,506 1904 13 4,895 8 119 4,768 1,583 3,576 151 3,012 1,400 5,620 4,220 1899 6 3,380 1 75 3,304 700 2,182 110 1,621 674 2,834 2,160 Gloves and mittens, leather. 1909 29 1,463 33 121 1,309 657 1,093 169 519 1,478 2,623 1,045 1904 24 1,229 30 65 1,134 560 555 63 425 852 1,691 839 1899 25 1,910 23 108 1,779 159 791 94 060 1,234 2,484 1,250 Grease and tallow 1909 36 969 30 151 778 2,842 2,852 224 531 4,065 5,590 1,525 1904 24 708 22 90 596 1, 124 1,207 105 390 1,488 2,438 950 1899 22 385 25 59 301 673 53 175 1,639 2,030 391 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw. 1909 38 674 48 63 463 61 280 64 267 479 1,046 567 and wool. 1904 35 610 51 23 436 39 175 17 253 536 1,027 491 1899 48 521 48 429 321 37 214 479 952 473 Hosiery and knit goods 1909 43 3,141 40 188 2,913 3,452 5,116 221 1,116 3,232 5,947 2,715 1904 38 2,446 38 66 2,342 1,336 2,903 97 782 2, 165 3,730 1,565 1899 27 1,8% 18 46 1,832 815 1,550 67 507 1,286 2,205 919 Ice, manufactured 1909 83 1,013 25 184 804 13,288 5,575 192 534 442 1,928 1,486 1904 43 648 29 134 485 6,509 2, 162 110 269 247 940 693 1899 29 738 22 92 624 4,083 1,689 75 303 174 991 817 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 1909 6 2,927 434 2, 493 70, 453 52, 390 496 1,793 30, 908 38,300 7,392 1904 4 i;993 83 1,910 45,487 14,263 101 i;398 19,005 27; 331 8;326 1899 4 3,220 210 3,010 35,520 10,684 295 2,176 11, 708 15, 154 3,446 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling 1909 24 19,437 3 1,850 17,584 152,470 69,682 2,295 12, %2 56,244 86,608 30,364 mills. 1904 23 17,718 3 1,267 16,448 111,308 44,276 1,684 10,071 38,650 60,022 21,372 1899 22 14,205 3 570 13,632 77,616 32,592 632 7,464 30,021 45, 149 15,128 Jewelry 1909 67 1,280 69 221 990 367 1,823 210 650 1,264 2,780 1,516 1904 43 899 51 135 713 189 827 124 456 801 1,755 954 1899 31 597 37 76 484 754 82 341 802 1,601 799 Leather goods 1909 168 3,569 172 448 2,949 2,200 5,360 498 1,633 5,135 8,948 3,813 1904 1 155 3, 164 163 346 2,655 1,115 3,783 364 1,416 3,437 6,715 3,2'’8 1899 2 143 271 2,642 2,806 268 1,153 2,787 5,205 2,418 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . . 1909 29 3, 194 26 167 3,001 6,769 15,975 277 1,582 12,131 14,912 2,781 1904 28 2,887 20 97 2,770 5,260 11, 649 135 1,326 8,174 10,758 2,584 1899 27 2,373 24 86 2,263 3,305 4,751 177 1,145 5,784 7,848 2,064 Lime 1909 16 572 12 49 511 794 1,258 64 283 174 688 514 1904 20 1,121 12 75 1,034 1,312 2,955 100 533 413 1,660 1,247 3 1899 Liquors, distilled 1909 9 851 1 100 750 3,908 7,500 201 479 9,209 55,200 45,991 1904 11 762 3 67 692 4,655 5,456 131 407 6,406 54,102 47,6% 1899 20 402 6 58 338 3, 165 105 192 3,736 38,208 34,473 Liquors, malt 1909 106 5,361 25 938 4,398 27,900 56,141 1,699 3,473 7,033 28,449 21,416 1904 116 4,861 51 777 4,033 26,012 39,003 1,409 3,004 5,271 23, 787 18,516 1899 94 3,894 47 678 3,269 17,511 32,798 1,041 2,060 4,036 19,734 15,698 Lumber and timber products , . . 1909 814 19,025 825 1,633 16,567 52,015 29,778 1,%1 9,110 27,264 44,952 17,688 1904 591 16,909 611 1, 172 15, 126 44,347 21,651 1,303 7,424 18,222 32,741 14,519 1899 706 683 11,869 13,400 645 5,178 13,035 23, 190 10, 155 Marble and stone work 1909 278 2,821 .324 271 2,226 5,003 4,689 369 1,766 3,030 6,771 3,741 1904 176 2,431 212 179 2,040 3,422 3,252 244 1,4.35 2,140 5,392 3,252 1899 2 200 222 2,044 3, 674 223 1,161 1,643 4,022 2,379 Mattresses and spring beds 1909 86 1,036 85 120 831 849 1,151 100 448 1,634 2,860 1,226 1904 59 1,048 64 98 886 699 995 104 389 1,210 2,117 907 1899 62 92 692 646 70 314 792 1,651 859 Millinery and lace goods 1909 103 3,987 105 554 3,328 549 2,189 645 1,384 3,797 7,282 3,485 1904 47 3,145 47 298 2,800 398 1,321 278 1,097 2,394 4,948 2,554 1899 26 1,692 27 148 1,517 516 135 396 1,042 2,103 1,%1 Mirrors 1909 10 396 4 39 353 370 447 40 232 635 1,106 471 1904 16 572 9 69 494 640 791 86 265 702 1,408 706 1899 9 351 4 47 300 430 50 145 568 900 332 Models and patterns, not including 1909 81 585 92 67 426 701 521 79 308 203 889 f>86 paper patterns. 1904 60 407 64 31 312 277 260 32 216 82 539 457 1899 60 348 69 8 271 252 7 158 69 375 306 Musical instruments and materials, not 1909 30 425 35 54 336 208 1 512 57 201 178 629 451 specified. 1904 28 559 27 41 491 255 641 51 302 207 674 467 1899 27 479 25 24 430 350 20 216 168 514 346 Musical instruments, pianos and organs 1909 68 9,628 18 833 8,777 8,123 27, 719 1,215 5,009 8,642 19,176 10,534 and materials. 1904 56 8,265 18 739 7,508 6,809 16,471 886 3,932 5,398 13,323 7,925 1899 45 6,092 33 389 4,670 4,424 11,166 486 2,392 3,323 8,156 4,833 > Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disciosure of individuai operations. 3 Not reported separately. 732 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. THE STATE-ALE INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS Total. ENGAGE Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. D IN INC Salaried employ- ees. USTRY, Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. STATE— Continued. Paint and varnish 1909 74 2,906 31 1,083 1,792 7,108 $15,725 $1,657 $1,114 $12,902 $20,434 $7,532 1904 63 1,979 19 684 1,276 5,068 11,340 987 771 8,656 13,325 4,669 1899 52 1,425 18 518 889 3,231 5,733 703 473 5,653 8,178 2,525 Paper and wood pulp 1909 19 1,542 3 142 1,397 15,169 8,400 200 727 3,099 4,983 1,884 1904 19 1,036 4 73 959 12,818 3,993 120 462 1,416 2,443 1,027 1899 15 664 6 35 623 9,551 1,555 37 250 798 1,432 634 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 1909 46 1,659 27 315 1,317 869 2,260 331 .546 1,997 3,779 1,782 1904 47 1,095 29 131 935 412 933 130 330 745 1,632 887 1899 21 638 18 57 563 519 68 172 632 1,032 400 Patent medicines and compounds and 1909 359 3,902 249 1,784 1,869 3,234 7,989 1,756 805 4,413 13,114 8,701 druggists’ preparations. 1904 312 3,428 237 1,323 1,868 1,545 7,062 1,208 818 3,438 13,320 9,882 1899 256 2,348 221 823 1,304 3,364 706 502 2,025 6,542 4,517 Photographic apparatus and materials. 1909 13 356 8 64 284 430 708 81 157 318 740 422 1904 20 481 13 201 267 207 484 156 127 287 811 524 1899 24 331 24 54 253 254 35 113 194 638 444 Photo^engraving 1909 27 1,561 8 439 1,114 606 1,391 475 949 534 2,678 2,144 1904 21 834 9 229 596 434 605 240 519 259 1,365 1,106 1899 20 834 8 165 661 359 171 449 155 1,061 906 Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay prod- 1909 39 3,474 23 294 3,157 7,995 14,901 383 1,885 1,126 4,615 3,489 ucts. 1904 45 2,710 34 260 2,416 5,915 6,608 329 1,244 732 3,256 2,524 1899 53 2,199 41 153 2,005 4,980 3,512 201 841 576 2,144 1,568 Printing and publishing 1909 2,608 43,074 2,384 12,046 28,644 26,975 60,084 12,372 18,437 24,680 87,247 62,567 1904 2,414 32,909 2,232 7,859 22,818 17,577 41,380 7,738 13,883 17,034 62,292 45,258 1899 2,150 27,475 2,120 5,078 20,277 28, 125 4,537 9,873 11,211 43,327 32,116 Pumps, not Including steam pumps 1909 14 348 7 59 282 328 664 68 179 328 659 331 1904 15 323 8 44 271 502 709 56 170 208 603 395 1899 5 190 2 27 161 378 23 62 109 225 116 Scales and balances 1909 13 306 7 51 248 293 515 65 151 245 574 329 1904 9 136 3 23 110 82 274 23 71 98 305 207 1899 9 149 7 19 123 214 20 57 89 308 219 Sewing machines, cases, and attach- 1909 7 2,073 1 359 1,713 2,366 4,430 265 1,114 1,110 3,622 2,512 ments. 1904 19 1,645 5 250 1,390 1,840 3,593 257 803 1,058 2,711 1,653 1899 14 1,662 3 137 1,522 1,648 2,196 170 829 2,018 3,485 1,467 Shipbuilding, including boat building. . 1909 23 470 24 33 413 1.113 2,061 34 252 199 584 385 1904 2 21 322 20 14 288 1,191 1,094 17 179 118 414 296 1899 2 17 343 19 13 311 j 221 363 47 159 83 322 239 Show cases 1909 16 442 18 38 386 419 539 56 248 290 829 539 1904 19 498 17 42 439 534 398 44 252 359 848 489 1899 17 398 19 21 358 280 20 191 299 631 332 Slaughtering and meat packing 1909 109 32,642 93 5,844 26,705 56,651 131,026 6,440 14,602 343,976 389,595 45,619 1904 95 32,856 99 5,646 27,111 39,400 80,733 6,571 14,658 280,592 318,201 37,609 1899 78 4,236 27,991 71,394 4,432 14,115 247,215 288,672 41,457 Smelting and refining, zinc 1909 5 2,034 2 110 1,922 7,485 7,596 313 1,275 6,496 9,004 2,508 1904 5 1,717 74 1,643 5,187 2,876 140 884 3,900 5,426 1,526 1899 5 1,631 80 1,551 3,186 222 759 4,417 5,883 1,466 Smelting and refining, not from the ore . . 1909 11 423 4 50 369 1,763 1,603 108 207 3,234 3,930 696 1904 9 274 3 21 250 1,642 1,479 42 125 1,586 1,976 390 1899 6 50 5 6 39 58 7 24 213 296 83 Soap 1909 34 3,408 20 1,200 2,188 5,155 11,694 1,356 1,053 13,948 20,181 6,233 1904 34 2,497 24 568 1,905 3,519 7,604 640 887 9,345 14,157 4,812 1899 39 1,987 38 393 1,556 6,529 453 500 6,033 9,436 3,403 Stereotyping and electrotyping 1909 21 747 13 142 592 725 777 187 472 316 1,282 960 1904 20 812 8 119 685 506 666 139 547 229 1,205 970 1899 15 515 9 51 455 344 68 299 94 673 579 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and 1909 71 5,223 28 696 4,499 4,983 9,863 876 2,957 3,856 10,287 6,431 oil stoves. 1904 60 4,350 25 417 3,908 4,623 7, 543 520 2,358 2,815 7,867 5,052 3 1899 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. 1909 29 820 19 265 536 595 1,674 372 285 921 2,099 1,178 1904 29 560 20 107 433 239 615 149 178 411 1,010 599 1899 27 289 20 77 192 234 105 87 170 525 355 Tobacco manufactures 1909 1,944 10,707 2,127 540 8,034 878 12, ■'94 818 4,216 8,603 21,870 13,267 1904 1,825 9,874 2,032 371 7,471 618 9,102 315 3,738 5,995 16,062 10,067 1899 1,519 7,856 1,058 306 5,892 4,109 315 2,670 4,189 11,909 7,720 Type founding and printing materials. . 1909 19 588 9 141 438 391 1,852 201 303 375 1,248 873 1904 17 574 15 127 432 314 2,111 139 293 321 1,168 847 1899 10 533 4 86 443 565 91 246 360 1,257 897 Wall paper 1909 5 389 2 97 290 492 1,140 120 173 702 1,.367 665 1904 7 320 54 266 491 851 76 139 660 1,094 428 1899 3 38 14G 222 32 84 271 532 261 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and 1909 9 543 6 38 499 1,342 1,063 75 237 773 1,314 541 wool hats. 1904 29 491 8 37 446 1,1,50 1,030 53 162 495 783 288 1899 213 747 4 50 693 1,229 1,572 69 210 492 933 441 All other industries 1909 1,761 .51,460 1,.350 8,830 41,270 107,835 191, 102 11,011 23,. 535 144,990 223,763 78, 773 1904 1,445 41,373 1,243 6,215 33,915 90,453 99,944 6,639 18,028 101,285 1.50, 137 48,852 1899 1,481 3,735 29,996 106,212 3,927 13,373 83,144 127, .140 44,296 ■ Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Not reported separately. Table CITIES OF 50,000 INDUSTRY. CHICAGO — All Industries Aitiflcial stone Aatomobiles, including bodies and parts. Bags, other than paper Baking powders and yeast Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. . . Belting and hose, leather Boots andshoes, including cut stock and findings. Boxes, cigar Boxes, fancy and paper Brass and bronze products Bread and other bakery products Brick and tile # Brooms and brushes Buttons Calcium lights Canning and preserving Carpets, rag Carriages and wagons and materials » Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies. Cars, steam-railroad, not including op- erations of railroad companies. Chemicals Clocks and watches, including cases and materials. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 733 I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. INHABITANTS OB MOBE— ALL INDUSTBIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTBIES. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried ompioy- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. 1909 9,656 356, 954 8,156 54,821 293,977 526,236 $971,841 $66,925 $174,112 $793, 470 $1,281,171 $487,701 1904 8, 159 289,529 7,269 40, 276 241,984 637,743 45,601 136,406 689,914 966,036 366,122 1899 7,668 32, 406 221,191 611,249 32, 068 108,727 602,222 797, 879 296,667 1909 19 192 20 22 150 82 240 21 104 146 356 210 1904 3 18 3 3 12 8 2 8 5 19 14 • 1899 1909 41 1,725 17 248 1,460 734 2,094 305 1,131 1,707 3,940 2,233 1904 11 190 7 17 166 399 28 106 111 354 243 > 1899 1909 6 213 4 20 189 157 ' 576 24 175 685 965 280 1904 4 150 2 21 127 104 21 47 642 809 167 1899 4 127 4 17 106 94 11 36 369 547 178 1909 16 940 8 410 522 1, 142 5,873 447 304 2,888 7,009 4,121 1904 16 804 14 145 645 3,718 200 317 1,481 3,890 2,409 1899 14 603 7 154 442 1,163 229 153 1,284 3,336 2,052 1909 10 52 11 41 16 29 26 34 81 47 1904 10 68 11 1 56 31 2 27 30 89 59 1899 8 6 51 49 4 28 21 70 49 1909 11 403 9 161 233 430 1,279 183 165 1,385 2, 188 803 1904 10 226 6 63 157 833 82 96 617 1,055 438 1899 8 326 2 93 231 640 71 108 893 1,361 468 1909 31 3,326 29 270 3,027 1,103 3,881 325 1,920 6,045 9,855 3,810 1904 35 2,651 33 172 2.446 2,311 208 1,311 4,138 6,559 2,421 1899 245 3,245 51 202 2,992 1,788 239 1,431 4,422 6,814 2,392 1909 9 348 9 35 304 214 292 46 125 258 541 283 1904 10 380 10 26 344 188 28 130 198 478 280 1899 9 327 7 28 292 153 26 94 204 399 195 1909 48 3,984 22 353 3,609 1,575 3,118 400 1,311 2,232 5,044 2,812 1904 39 2,541 24 193 2,324 1,557 217 809 1,324 2,825 1,501 1899 38 2,565 25 159 2,381 1,455 158 771 1,427 2,923 1,496 1909 56 1,430 38 225 1,167 1,099 2,492 304 810 3,266 5,131 1,865 1904 2 43 1,092 37 166 889 1,940 195 534 1,825 3,195 1,370 1899 44 923 38 97 788 944 114 421 1,688 2,703 1,015 1909 1,177 8,842 1,246 1,159 6,437 3,847 20,600 1,148 4, 146 16,280 26,908 10,628 1904 852 7,216 888 532 5,795 11, 191 499 3,240 11, 132 20,654 9,522 1899 710 6,007 746 838 4,423 5,940 631 2,051 6,560 12,763 6,203 1909 7 657 6 39 612 3,225 2,210 62 559 210 1,172 962 1904 26 853 3 70 780 3,364 121 585 309 1,573 1,264 1899 22 441 34 18 389 923 23 187 77 434 357 1909 56 616 60 59 497 263 690 66 281 918 1,560 642 1904 62 489 61 33 395 342 35 205 530 1,048 518 1899 67 506 71 27 408 291 29 199 422 865 443 1909 13 231 27 190 39 151 26 72 139 335 196 1904 11 68 17 4 47 27 2 16 22 71 49 1899 7 70 8 3 59 22 1 24 30 82 52 1909 3 12 1 4 7 10 29 4 5 19 27 8 1904 3 14 1 6 7 7 5 5 6 24 18 1899 3 12 1 4 7 15 4 4 9 34 25 1909 47 1,107 41 162 904 1,274 2,058 203 395 2,533 3,827 1,294 1904 50 1,208 54 144 1,010 2,124 153 440 2,398 3,882 1,484 1899 49 240 914 1,137 151 322 2,323 3,545 1,222 1909 25 205 24 18 163 73 87 14 68 43 206 163 1904 39 219 42 12 165 128 10 84 32 212 180 1899 52 284 61 10 213 59 7 90 28 204 176 1909 126 2,263 139 159 1,965 3,022 7,616 194 1,253 2,602 5,203 2,601 1904 122 2,108 138 141 1,829 4,466 200 1,093 1,812 4,076 2,264 1899 97 99 1,569 3,406 111 839 1,355 3,036 1,681 1909 22 11,562 503 11,059 7,232 9,5,58 567 7,305 7,310 15,359 8,049 1904 22 9,082 490 8,592 7,582 465 5,792 4,993 11,172 6,179 1899 24 7,094 307 6 , 787 6;779 301 3,708 4,030 8, 185 4,155 1909 7 1, 721 57 1,664 1,584 3,061 64 1,069 1,520 2,758 1,238 1904 8 1,011 26 985 1,061 27 641 403 1,110 707 1899 9 890 24 866 '705 25 497 517 1,076 559 1909 18 9,226 673 8,553 14,576 29,730 787 6,387 11,620 20,892 9,272 1904 11 7,606 647 7,059 11,535 621 4,897 15, 761 23,799 8,038 1899 13 7,800 211 7; 589 14,482 240 4i474 13)097 19; 108 6^ 011 1909 10 218 2 73 143 780 887 92 92 598 1,149 551 1904 8 445 2 92 351 2,974 151 223 1,026 1,724 698 1899 13 457 9 51 397 1,491 63 223 746 1,382 636 1909 5 145 3 33 ' 109 26 421 44 60 282 445 163 1904 3 58 2 11 45 39 14 32 34 147 113 1899 26 77 6 17 64 78 11 27 40 111 71 Not reported separately. '■ Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 734 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Tablk I,— comparative SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF r>0,000 INIIAItlTANTS OR MORE— ALE INDCi^TRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. CHICAGO Continued. Cloth, sponging and reflnishing 1909 6 106 4 11 91 30 S31 $13 $52 $1 $119 $118 1904 5 73 4 5 64 19 7 47 3 90 87 1899 5 64 4 6 54 13 7 29 2 55 53 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 1909 678 38,370 830 3,925 33,615 2,916 36,521 4,292 15,777 42, 768 85,296 42,528 1904 593 23,163 723 2, 785 19,655 18,512 2,975 9,706 26,665 54,626 27,971 1899 905 1,710 15,019 13,527 1,827 5,957 18, 447 37,847 19,400 Clothing, women’s 1909 204 6,066 254 797 5,615 098 5, 193 915 2,997 8,658 15,677 7,019 1904 174 5,217 239 670 4,308 3,304 680 2,083 6,011 11,637 5,626 1899 151 4,708 197 523 3,988 2,793 575 1,400 4,685 9,208 4,523 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding.. 1909 32 1,775 22 747 1,006 2,575 8,696 1,078 521 14,969 19,593 4,624 1904 23 1,341 21 380 940 6,440 407 425 12,319 15,563 3,244 1899 25 1,474 19 533 922 5,196 563 369 9,937 12,612 2,675 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ 1909 13 733 5 152 576 828 1,721 270 339 764 1,838 1,074 goods. 1904 10 576 8 97 471 986 117 236 632 1,297 665 1899 8 453 9 58 386 473 61 207 610 1,005 395 Confectionery 1909 87 3,865 53 571 3,241 3,045 5,275 638 1,250 6,703 11,222 4,519 1904 62 3,378 44 381 2,953 3,143 362 1,018 3,594 6,550 2,956 1899 51 406 2, 586 1,971 320 713 3,332 5,718 2,386 Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- 1909 37 1,269 32 71 1,166 1,984 1,860 no 601 2,188 3,368 1,180 where specified. 1904 54 1,436 61 89 1,286 1,591 101 623 2, 135 3,406 1,271 1899 57 1,474 64 69 1,341 1,249 63 555 1,850 2,912 1,062 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 1909 268 4,610 256 495 3,859 2,859 12,216 659 2,472 6,463 12,242 5,779 1904 170 3,885 167 371 3,347 8,712 510 1,933 3,957 8,137 4,180 1899 Ifil 233 3,666 4,382 270 i;741 4,952 8,425 3,473 Corsets 1909 10 1,124 5 114 1,005 120 925 150 340 705 1,779 1,074 1904 11 472 12 22 438 179 26 175 192 559 367 1899 15 370 17 24 329 172 20 83 161 395 234 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified 1909 53 1,167 43 142 982 1,499 1,796 200 554 680 1,895 1,215 1904 37 721 37 45 639 946 50 288 348 946 598 1899 '24 228 22 31 175 518 13 87 86 278 192 Dairymen’s, poulterers’, and apiarists’ 19C9 7 70 5 16 49 79 179 21 37 147 340 193 supplies. 1904 5 36 4 14 18 90 12 10 199 271 72 2 1S99 Dentists’ materials 1909 10 85 5 32 48 36 72 28 36 115 232 117 1904 8 98 7 13 78 190 12 36 24 115 91 1899 9 123 9 8 106 148 9 40 71 173 102 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and 1909 123 7,333 45 1,192 6,096 6,443 16,624 1,370 3,860 11,405 20,669 9,264 supplies. 1904 96 7,564 38 1,599 5,927 21,271 1,367 3,099 7,501 16,292 8,791 1899 71 6,951 51 1,113 5,787 11,216 611 2,711 4,283 11,358 7,075 Electroplating 1909 34 374 40 24 310 422 181 25 214 107 484 377 1904 23 282 27 21 234 101 19 142 54 327 273 1899 26 19 301 75 20 134 53 302 249 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified . . 1909 40 603 29 136 438 210 641 139 218 568 1,289 721 1904 38 929 28 120 781 711 137 332 656 1,664 1,008 1899 39 79 376 281 62 152 365 791 426 Fire extinguishers, chemical 1909 5 54 2 24 28 11 110 56 15 62 164 102 1904 4 23 3 2 18 10 4 14 25 56 31 3 IfiQQ Foundry and machine-shop products . . . 1909 669 36,868 338 5,475 31,055 54,876 90,050 7,308 20,490 40,755 89,669 48,914 1904 <582 33,378 349 4,237 28,792 68,558 5,407 17,772 28,558 68,491 39,933 1899 » 593 29, 130 450 2,663 26,017 45,369 3,116 14,29fi 26,883 57,721 30,838 Fur goods 1909 59 455 58 89 308 59 959 108 225 1,060 1,903 843 1904 34 399 38 43 318 514 07 198 816 1,421 605 IRQQ 33 82 706 748 77 322 1,257 2,319 1,062 Furnishing goods, men’s 1909 38 2,273 38 330 1,905 502 2,340 383 820 3, ,877 6,122 2,245 1904 < 31 1,542 41 219 1,282 1,618 157 488 2,131 3,503 1,372 1899 30 1,932 40 148 1,744 986 160 531 2,045 3,335 1,290 Furniture and refrigerators 1909 202 11,097 144 1,077 9,876 14,371 16,373 1,4,54 6,026 9,096 20,512 11,410 1904 157 10,702 120 872 9,710 13,607 1,037 6,386 7,537 17, 062 10,125 1899 119 8,792 107 735 7,950 8,114 755 3,703 5,397 12,519 7,122 Gas and electric fixtures and '.amps and 1909 63 2,068 30 436 1, 002 1,060 2,706 588 914 2,124 4,683 2,i)59 reflectors. 1904 40 1,143 30 183 930 1,422 204 632 1,009 2, 485 1, 476 1899 48 704 41 165 598 746 152 306 653 1,630 977 Gloves and mittens, leather 1909 25 1,223 29 85 1,109 570 900 130 441 1,308 . 2, 181 873 1904 21 1,139 27 63 1,049 506 62 390 749 1,511 762 1899 22 1,658 20 79 1,559 024 75 606 1,085 2,240 ' 1,156 Gold and silver, leaf and foil 1909 7 159 6 10 143 13 06 15 61 128 226 98 1004 5 154 6 8 140 52 9 74 100 223 123 1899 5 101 5 2 94 41 1 44 101 178 77 Grease and tallow 1909 10 773 7 117 649 2,207 2,181 187 4,52 3,781 4,948 1,167 1904 13 652 10 82 5(X) 1,130 99 371 1,417 2,303 886 1899 9 335 9 57 209 606 52 161 1,677 1,922 345 ' Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of Individual operations. *Not reported separately. * Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. ‘Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 735 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE-ALL, INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. ■ Cost of materials. Value of products. Vaiue added by manu- facture. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. CHICAGO-Continued. Hand stamps and stencils and brands. . . 1909 27 273 29 72 172 100 $287 $57 $101 $167 $467 $300 1904 25 293 24 47 222 251 27 134 84 303 279 1899 24 285 20 37 ^28 248 30 113 128 452 324 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw. 1909 38 574 48 63 463 61 280 64 ■ 267 479 1,046 567 and wool. 1904 35 510 51 23 436 175 17 253 536 1,027 491 1899 48 521 48 44 429 321 37 214 479 952 473 Hosiery and knit goods 1909 29 837 36 58 743 167 908 90 289 783 1,477 694 1904 30 828 38 21 769 595 22 262 621 1,309 688 1899 19 615 13 22 580 321 26 148 319 647 328 1909 6 229 23 206 3,024 1,136 42 1.63 126 569 443 1904 3 188 3 52 133 341 47 78 87 349 262 » 1899 Ink, printing 1909 7 86 3 45 38 185 254 72 26 164 415 251 1904 6 64 4 27 33 .• 133 37 17 99 257 158 1899 7 35 7 14 14 100 9 8 59 96 37 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling 1909 6 7,689 706 6,983 79,456 32,577 978 5,603 29,023 45,984 16,961 mills. 1904 5 5,595 508 5,087 16,913 638 3,526 16,711 24,840 8,129 21899 Jewelry 1909 55 1,169 55 204 910 294 1,574 194 606 1,218 2,636 1,417 1904 41 892 49 133 710 825 123 455 798 1,746 948 . 1899 31 597 37 76 484 754 82 341 802 1,601 799 Lapidary work 1909 3 18 2 2 14 6 34 1 13 53 88 35 1904 4 28 5 4 19 52 3 18 82 140 58 1899 4 26 4 2 20 56 2 12 99 149 50 Leather goods 1909 99 2,581 96 307 2,178 804 2,877 367 1,174 3,280 6,861 2,581 1904 82 2,354 74 258 2,022 2,421 299 1,076 2,492 6,023 2,531 1899 3 72 196 2,023 1,876 209 885 2,078 3,858 1,780 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . . 1909 24 2,841 23 144 2,674 6,212 14,486 242 1,418 10,788 13,244 2,456 1904 23 2,577 18 80 2,479 10,749 111 1,188 7,133 9,420 2,287 1899 22 2,128 20 61 2,047 4,075 130 1,061 5,142 6,979 1,837 Liquors, malt 1909 45 3,450 2 581 2,867 15,666 29,385 1,145 2,378 4,850 19,512 14,662 1904 56 3,314 11 540 2,763 28,353 1,004 2,127 3,529 16,983 13,454 1899 37 2,670 9 389 2,272 25,525 812 1,508 2,959 14,957 11,998 Lumber and timber products 1909 195 11,680 119 1,099 10,462 25,917 17,695 1,448 6,149 20,768 32,709 11,941 1904 ‘154 8,600 106 700 7,794 11,431 845 4,013 11,763 19,808 8,045 1899 128 6,153 128 359 5,666 6,249 381 2,669 6,560 11,536 4,976 Marble and stone work 1909 107 1,640 108 144 1,388 3,002, 2,557 230 1,137 1,714 3,930 2,216 1904 73 1,537 97 103 1,337 1,872 170 951 1,244 3,356 2,112 1899 71 106 1,103 1,672 130 708 735 2,061 1,326 Mattresses and spring beds 1909 58 835 53 99 683 495 837 135 371 1,349 2,377 1,028 1904 46 874 45 74 755 802 83 331 1,011 1,753 742 1899 49 723 56 71 596 528 60 284 705 1,488 783 Models and patterns, not including 1909 56 435 63 50 322 494 362 47 227 161 687 526 paper patterns. 1904 49 351 52 26 273 222 29 197 75 494 419 1899 49 304 58 8 238 228 7 142 65 342 277 Musical Instruments and materials, not 1909 27 418 33 53 332 200 502 57 199 172 614 442 specified. 1904 24 547 22 41 484 628 51 299 206 663 457 1899 26 471 22 24 425 347 20 214 166 507 341 Musical Instruments, pianos and organs 1909 37 5,792 12 571 5,209 4,677 17,335 812 3,034 4,848 11,487 6,639 and materials. 1904 32 5,383 11 486 4,886 10,818 603 2,716 3,416 8, 488 5,072 1899 30 4,415 21 337 4,057 9,740 425 2,034 2,730 6,802 4,072 Paint and varnish 1909 61 2,667 27 1,034 1,606 5,837 13,830 1,587 996 11,845 18,942 7,097 1904 52 1,842 13 634 1,195 9,798 940 725 8,202 12,665 4,463 1899 46 1,385 16 503 866 5,421 690 462 5,607 8,096 2,489 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 1909 41 1,255 27 271 957 607 1,367 290 410 1,393 2,831 1,438 1904 29 508. 19 66 423 435 69 154 325 781 456 1899 17 401 16 40 345 185 41 104 211 455 244 Patent medicines and compounds and 1909 273 3,011 160 1,490 1,361 2,030 5,377 1,512 632 3,216 10,360 7,144 druggists’ preparations. 1904 248 2,949 173 1,212 1,564 5,820 1,119 675 2,833 11,942 9,109 1899 204 2,031 168 734 1,129 2,821 640 448 1,745 5,921 4, 176 Photographic apparatus and materials. . 1909 13 356 8 64 284 430 708 81 157 318 740 422 1904 19 473 13 200 260 468 156 124 282 802 520 1899 18 215 21 41 153 169 25 70 156 494 338 Photo-engraving 1909 21 1,186 4 304 878 405 902 341 848 422 2,156 1,7.34 1904 18 800 5 224 571 563 236 507 254 1,324 1,070 1899 20 834 8 165 661 359 171 449 155 1,061 906 Printing and publishing 1909 1,395 33, 439 1,065 10,048 22,326 20, 162 47,982 10,725 15,077 21,256 74,211 52,955 1904 1,262 25, 147 983 6,700 17,464 33,088 6,836 11,279 14,872 53,033 38, 161 1899 1,093 20,845 946 4,482 15,417 22,336 4,033 7,962 9,357 36,238 26, 881 ■ Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 736 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OB MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. INDUSTRY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS Total. ENGAGE Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. D IN mr Salaried employ- ees. USTRY. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. CHICAGO-Contlnued. Pumps, not including steam pumps 1909 6 74 1 21 52 43 *94 *29 *38 *72 *179 *107 1904 8 74 3 13 58 103 13 46 82 199 117 1 1899 Uul)l)or goods, not else wliere specified . . 1909 13 145 8 33 104 293 252 28 53 200 381 181 1904 10 1,315 5 156 1,154 1,550 167 453 1,645 2,808 1,163 1899 15 1,111 17 264 830 1,127 201 390 1,915 3,580 1,671 Shipbuilding, Including boat building. . 1909 8 306 7 17 282 902 1,858 18 174 108 359 251 1904 57 205 7 8 190 1,000 12 113 58 244 186 1899 s 7 178 9 9 ICO 284 13 86 55 187 132 Slaughtering and meat packing 1909 67 27,147 66 5,017 22,064 45,629 115,312 5,535 11,985 285,250 325,062 39,812 1904 56 27,803 63 4,973 22,767 70,517 5,951 12,483 237,754 270,549 32,795 1899 51 4, 020 25,474 67,301 4,241 12,946 218,737 257, 270 38, 533 Smelting and refining, not from the ore. 1909 7 127 4 32 91 168 816 71 03 2,237 2,574 337 1904 6 38 3 10 25 184 17 20 1,002 1,140 138 1899 5 37 5 4 28 49 5 21 202 278 76 Soap 1909 27 3,329 17 1,173 2,139 4,967 11,474 1,333 1,035 13,787 19,939 6,152 1904 23 2,387 15 537 1,835 7,232 617 857 9,125 13, 770 4,645 1899 27 1,872 24 364 1,484 6,307 426 632 5,793 9,065 3,272 Steam packing 1909 15 160 8 44 108 146 157 42 62 194 408 214 1904 11 178 6 42 130 161 40 66 222 468 246 1899 7 113 4 26 83 65 21 40 78 231 153 Stereotyping and electrotyping 1909 21 747 13 142 592 725 777 187 472 316 1,282 966 1904 18 773 8 114 651 641 135 524 224 1,165 941 1899 15 515 9 51 455 344 68 299 94 673 579 Stoves and furnaces, including gas and 1909 28 1,263 14 201 1,048 937 2,540 272 726 1,157 3,183 2,026 oil stoves. 1904 4 20 848 11 85 752 1,609 126 463 878 2,138 1,260 3 1899 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs. . 1909 24 807 13 265 529 592 1,658 372 279 917 2,075 1,158 1904 27 555 17 107 431 014 149 177 410 1,004 594 1899 24 275 17 75 183 230 104 84 168 513 345 Tobacco manufactiues 1909 1,050 6,758 1,111 427 5,220 783 10,331 717 2,785 6,722 16,633 9,911 1904 960 5,589 1,030 212 4,347 6,794 209 2,283 4,199 11,017 6,818 1899 822 4,569 877 200 3, 492 2,239 242 1,637 2,880 8,174 5,294 Type founding and printing materials. . 1909 19 588 9 141 438 391 1,852 201 303 375 1,248 873 1904 17 574 15 127 432 2,111 139 293 321 1,168 847 1899 10 533 4 86 443 565 91 246 360 1,257 897 All other Industries 1909 1,305 60,504 929 9,098 50,477 159, 447 326,874 11,140 28,397 142,590 234, 104 91,514 1904 1,086 46,736 870 6,497 39,309 198,873 7,387 21,506 101,888 164,900 63,012 1899 1,022 8,248 44,875 208,645 7,478 22,776 104,309 170,032 65,723 EAST ST. LOiriS-AU Indus- 1909 139 6,005 92 661 5,252 23,273 *31,298 *691 *3,250 *11,440 *18,228 *6,788 tries. « 1904 91 4,951 52 394 4.506 12, 854 473 2.494 5.696 10,586 4,890 1899 58 112 3, 106 5,448 147 1,426 3,678 6,241 2,563 Bread and other bakery products 1909 20 121 21 29 71 49 128 25 63 177 336 159 1904 11 76 9 9 58 87 6 41 124 221 97 1899 9 37 $ 29 27 16 53 95 42 Carriages and wagons and materials 1909 5 35 4 3 28 16 55 2 15 24 66 32 1904 3 31 4 3 24 25 2 16 20 48 28 1899 3 17 4 13 17 9 4 19 15 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 1909 14 92 17 2 73 53 1 66 82 183 101 1904 4 33 1 3 29 37 3 21 16 51 35 1899 5 13 8 9 31 62 31 Foundry and machine-shop products . . . 1909 11 925 3 65 857 1,251 2,031 108 613 1,053 1,872 819 1904 2 5 811 60 701 1,314 78 456 709 1,417 708 1899 3 890 23 867 '901 37 433 662 1,268 606 Lumber and timber products 1909 7 147 9 36 102 685 405 19 02 211 328 117 1904 47 •115 2 23 90 244 17 77 98 236 138 1899 3 46 5 1 40 29 1 •23 66 111 45 Printing and publishing 1909 8 77 5 22 50 51 148 17 38 27 105 78 1904 9 75 14 11 50 52 11 28 19 83 64 1899 65 49 4 4 41 45 4 17 12 56 44 Tobacco manufactures 1909 12 23 12 11 19 9 12 40 28 1904 9 29 9 20 22 11 11 39 28 1899 4 15 6 9 4 4 18 11 All other industries 1909 02 4 ,. 585 21 504 4,060 21,221 28,459 619 2,494 9,8.54 15,308 5,454 1904 43 3, 781 13 295 3, 473 11,073 356 1,845 4,699 • 8,491 3,792 1899 26 1 84 2,094 4,417 105 915 2,843 4,012 1,769 ‘ Figures can not be shown without disclosing Individual oporatlon.s. 2 Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. ’ Not reported separately. ^ Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. ‘ Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 737 Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF flO.OOO INII.\IUTANTS OR MORE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES— Continued. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. 1909 283 7,323 242 1, 100 5,981 16,266 $24,945 $1,331 $3,552 $17,773 $63,061 $45,288 1 1904 263 6,797 227 736 5,834 20,513 815 3,209 15,835 60, 420 44, 586 1899 291 • 686 5,996 26,638 709 2,872 12,985 44, 569 31,584 1909 39 274 39 41 194 172 289 22 104 482 764 282 1904 40 237 41 24 172 436 20 81 430 660 230 1899 42 290 42 37 211 301 13 76 325 562 237 1909 8 78 9 6 63 62 106 4 41 69 141 72 1904 26 125 6 5 114 199 6 57 128 211 83 1899 ’ 8 8 127 154 7 57 141 243 102 1909 5 543 2 27 514 910 935 50 172 840 1,153 313 1904 4 466 2 17 447 636 38 176 984 1,288 304 1899 4 773 1 22 750 872 34 356 776 1,325 549 1909 9 283 12 32 239 196 415 33 130 453 684 231 1904 10 215 7 27 181 210 26 90 211 395 184 1899 8 17 133 184 14 59 143 301 158 1909 4 54 6 14 34 326 199 9 22 640 759 119 1904 3 47 5 10 32 282 10 19 487 594 107 1899 3 8 28 176 7 15 384 481 97 1909 20 488 10 58 420 986 915 75 315 515 1,082 567 1904 19 463 16 49 398 804 48 221 298 786 488 1899 25 80 440 729 65 214 610 1,130 620 1909 4 55 7 11 37 10 30 6 24 21 72 51 1904 3 59 4 8 47 140 9 30 68 151 83 1899 26 6 63 112 5 29 93 169 76 1909 4 652 70 582 3,367 5,9.59 149 380 7,478 44,570 37,092 1904 6 597 36 561 4,515 72 323 4,944 42, 171 37, 227 1899 11 246 33 213 2, 467 53 124 2,554 26,792 24^238 1909 3 228 31 197 990 2,211 81 143 199 1,101 902 1904 3 132 22 110 1,196 34 79 184 888 704 1899 3 115 26 89 '848 35 47 112 531 419 1909 6 190 7 17 166 458 366 20 120 184 398 214 1904 6 169 5 9 155 242 9 95 177 325 148 1899 3 69 2 8 59 118 7 32 88 158 70 1909 4 16 5 11 24 15 9 2 21 19 1904 3 12 2 1 9 11 1 7 1 15 14 * 1899 1909 32 513 25 163 325 410 606 167 209 221 881 660 1904 26 390 29 81 280 432 78 165 166 608 442 1899 2 29 375 30 86 259 392 64 137 159 543 384 1909 36 369 41 20 308 273 15 204 240 647 407 1904 43 338 45 17 276 233 12 155 162 479 317 1899 32 279 35 4 240 150 3 133 117 357 240 1909 109 3,580 79 610 2,891 8,355 12,626 700 1,679 6,429 10, 788 4,359 1904 92 3,547 65 430 3,052 11,177 452 1,711 7,595 11,849 4,254 1899 117 351 3,384 20,135 402 1,593 7,483 11,977 4,494 1909 171 4.355 174 529 3,652 6,368 $7, 174 $466 $2, 096 $4,204 $8,497 $4,293 1904 122 3,546 118 357 3,071 5,264 383 1,639 2,490 6.797 3,307 1899 106 174 2,199 3,469 164 1,037 1,412 3,467 2,055 1909 16 88 22 11 55 79 24 7 43 182 310 128 1904 10 57 11 46 82 34 132 204 72 1899 12 39 13 26 33 14 53 92 39 1909 7 70 10 6 54 80 100 4 35 41 98 57 1904 4 26 5 21 59 10 12 28 16 1899 5 39 9 30 50 13 14 38 24 1909 10 77 11 6 60 32 79 5 39 90 178 88 1904 8 6 51 7 2 42 70 2 29 47 95 48 1899 5 2 24 29 2 12 20 43 23 1909 10 270 14 35 221 794 647 28 135 255 482 227 1904 4 286 6 39 241 397 32 127 153 427 274 1899 6 194 7 9 178 246 6 93 107 267 160 1909 7 176 10 19 147 312 220 14 89 no 242 132 1904 4 153 3 3 147 174 2 108 131 280 149 1899 4 99 5 4 90 139 3 56 112 201 89 1909 5 36 4 6 26 70 96 10 20 52 119 67 1904 3 39 2 3 34 52 3 20 41 84 43 1899 3 29 2 1 26 42 1 16 40 79 39 1909 27 549 20 208 321 257 584 133 203 163 739 570 1904 16 447 8 85 354 411 66 181 93 470 377 1899 13 296 11 44 241 2,33 34 115 70 310 240 1909 30 157 31 4 122 54 4 61 73 206 133 1904 32 166 38 2 126 68 1 61 64 195 131 1899 20 no 21 3 86 40 2 34 43 124 81 1909 59 2,932 52 234 2,646 4,744 5,2'’0 261 1,471 3,238 6, 123 2,885 1904 43 2,321 38 223 2,060 3,951 277 1,069 1.817 4,014 2, 197 1899 38 111 1,498 2,647 116 684 953 2,313 1,360 INDUSTRY. PEORIA-All Industries. Bread and other bakery products. Carriages and wagons and materials. Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products. . . Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products . . . Leather goods Liquors, distilled Liquors, malt Lumber and timber products Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. Printing and publishing Tobacco manufactures All other Industries SPRINGFIELD— All Industries. Bread and other bakery products. Carriages and wagons and materials Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products — Foundry and machine-shop products. . . Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Printing and publishing Tobacco manufactures All other industries > Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for those establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. * Excluding statistics for one establishment, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 3 Excluding statistics for two establishments, to avoid disclosure of individual operations. * Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. 738 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES or 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. CITY. Census. ’ Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried employ- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Expressed in thousands. Alton 1909 69 2, 729 45 255 2,429 5,453 $5,585 $299 $1,528 $7,202 $10,096 $2,834 1904 02 3,346 37 240 3,069 4,002 220 1,728 5,423 8,697 3,274 1899 59 123 2, 174 2 , */73 112 1 0.37 9! 479! 4 9*^ Aurora 1909 165 5,884 165 624 5,095 7,906 11,427 722 2,936 5,580 10,954 5,374 1904 103 4,517 91 348 4,078 6,800 387 2,068 3,538 7,329 3,791 1899 97 280 3, 949 275 1,615 2,592 BeUovlU# 1909 119 2,248 107 269 1,872 4, 541 5,541 296 1,062 2,324 4,615 2,291 1904 90 2,005 75 165 1,765 3,084 171 1,011 1,787 4,357 2,570 1899 89 118 1,335 2,314 108 620 935 2, 87.3 1 Bloomington 1909 107 2,495 99 319 2,077 2,877 4,762 325 1,186 2,527 4,868 • 2,341 1904 81 2,679 78 326 2,275 3,347 268 1,228 3,492 5,777 2,285 1899 68 166 1,671 2, 135 127 797 1,595 3, 012 1 417 Cairo.. 1909 56 1,444 51 156 1,237 4,764 4, 854 178 628 2,957 4,440 1,483 1904 57 1,649 64 150 1,435 3,086 153 653 2,838 4,381 1,543 1899 53 105 1,501 1,936 92 548 1,900 3,117 1 917 Canton 1909 33 1,421 39 120 1,262 3,716 8,189 129 692 1,183 2,942 1,759 1 1904 1 1899 Champaign 1909 42 381 44 64 273 476 895 52 174 419 846 427 1904 36 360 40 31 289 580 28 169 158 486 328 1899 33 26 245 379 23 118 132 354 222 Chicago Heights 1909 79 4,444 60 431 3,953 10,176 10,421 606 2,471 5,611 10,839 5,228 1 1904 » 1899 Cicero 1909 7 735 2 75 658 1,580 2,496 97 406 733 1,461 728 2 1904 2 1899 Danville 1909 76 2,044 76 224 1,744 3, 258 2,656 236 1,077 1,430 3,351 1,921 1904 70 2,109 77 148 1,884 2,102 129 977 1,665 3,304 1,639 1899 72 47 957 1,413 47 458 1,047 1,914 867 Decatur 1909 157 3,447 148 600 2,699 6,447 6,579 609 1,420 5,918 9,768 3,8,50 1904 116 2,841 91 410 2,340 4,874 373 1,125 5,593 8,667 3,074 1899 108 217 1,920 3, 296 201 830 3, 359 5,134 1,775 Elgin 1909 115 6,583 100 389 6,094 6,059 16,079 491 3,379 4,538 11,120 6,582 1904 76 5,253 72 296 4,885 10,980 427 2,713 4,090 9,349 5,259 1899 80 152 4, 376 8, 383 189 2, 074 2,614 6, 386 3, 772 Evanston 1909 60 1,040 63 140 837 1,056 4,241 178 590 2,350 3,778 1,428 1904 33 876 36 102 738 1,723 76 384 1,583 2,5.51 968 1899 27 29 400 1,290 24 192 362 830 468 Freeport 1909 69 3,225 56 316 2,853 4,412 6, 403 307 1,570 4,417 7,811 3,394 1904 61 1,754 70 168 1,516 3,490 145 827 1,423 3,109 1,686 1899 51 *127 1,333 2,010 118 695 1,314 2,708 1,394 Galesburg 1909 62 1,738 58 215 1,465 1,968 2,454 201 887 1,416 2,919 1,503 1904 58 1, 665 46 172 r, 447 1,566 165 756 936 2,218 1,282 1899 39 99 1,070 1,285 89 521 620 1,450 830 Jacksonville 1909 57 1,096 58 91 947 1,189 1,503 84 487 1,307 2,299 992 1904 55 1,077 70 108 899 1,817 115 458 1,102 1,982 880 1899 55 113’ 1,066 1,296 103 433 850 1,684 834 JoUet 1909 137 7,266 128 755 6,383 37,744 25, 586 930 4,435 27, 7.58 38,817 11,059 3 1904 104 6,627 86 749 5,792 14, 136 853 3,699 21,259 32,897 ll,ft38 1899 135 406 5, 792 15,040 345 3,548 17, 193 26, 132 8,939 Kankakee 1909 55 1,552 60 143 1,349 3,988 2,599 105 622 1,493 2,723 1,230 1904 49 1,205 47 120 1,038 1,746 120 512 1,026 2,089 1,063 1899 36 19 377 604 19 162 289 649 360 La Salle 1909 29 1,439 24 122 1,293 8,795 4,393 324 856 2,928 5,308 2,380 1904 24 1,298 22 79 1,197 2,053 139 685 1,878 3,158 1,280 1899 26 67 917 2, 020 177 447 2, 397 3, 309 912 Lincoln 1909 40 308 49 39 220 385 611 32 115 290 570 280 1904 39 331 53 42 236 551 26 125 375 784 409 1399 36 31 188 398 17 82 156 375 219 Mattoon 1909 35 1,102 39 115 948 1,019 832 94 .561 668 1,434 766 19(W 34 1,112 32 58 1,022 683 60 599 522 1.309 787 1899 39 38 632 449 22 297 346 764 418 Moline 1909 66 0, 106 44 613 5,449 10, 230 26, 334 888 3,523 11,189 20,892 9,703 1904 ' 62 4,474 45 442 3,987 24, 405 630 2, .363 6,895 13, 158 6,263 1899 55 332 4, 138 10, 994 372 2,116 4,598 9,302 4,704 Oak Park 1909 23 302 21 59 282 758 6,061 57 197 391 1,118 727 2 1 004 2 1899 ■ Figures not available. 2 Not incorporated in 1900. » Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because It was necessary to revise the totals in order to include data only for tho.so establishments located within the corporate limits of the city. 739 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. Table I.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. CITIES OF 10,000 TO AO, 000 INII.ABITANTS— ALL INDUSTIIIES COMIIINKI) Continued. CITY. Census. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. ’ Primary horse- power. Capital. Salaries. Wages. Cost of materials. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Pro- prietors and firm mem- bers. Salaried emi)loy- ees. Wage earners (average num- ber). Expressed in thousands. Quincy 1909 235 5,050 201 823 4,032 7,557 $11,900 $080 $2,083 $5, 792 $11,436 $5,644 1904 234 5,509 207 700 ■ 4, 002 9,470 643 2,206 5,188 10, 748 5,560 1899 198 408 3, 815 6, 413 364 1,602 4, 351 7,919 3,568 Rock Island 1909 74 2,179 51 374 1,754 3,173 9,287 366 1,026 2,818 5,387 2,569 1904 72 2,027 58 200 1,703 7,203 292 895 2,580 5,333 2,753 1899 60 184 1,885 4, 762 190 962 2,683 4,622 1, 9.39 Rockford 1909 205 10,523 208 1,000 9,309 10,217 22, 412 1,131 5,213 10,582 22,266 11,084 1904 180 7,909 112 018 7, 239 14,159 669 3,608 8,066 15,276 7,210 1899 159 430 5, 851 13, 613 405 2, 397 6,202 11,022 4, 820 Streator 1909 45 1,409 44 90 1,275 3,140 4,588 103 644 817 2,137 1,320 1904 34 1,029 35 50 1,544 1,379 68 1,035 584 1,889 1,305 1899 42 41 1,283 937 44 602 362 1,245 883 Waukegan 1909 59 3, 773 140 537 3,090 23, 144 17,092 586 2,103 14, 164 19,984 5, 820 I 1904 42 2,014 34 315 2,205 8,008 363 1,436 7,721 10,994 3,273 1899 32 41 495 771 40 181 338 733 395 1 Figures do not agree with those published in 1904, because it was necessary to revise the totals in order to Include data only for those establishments located within the cor^rate limits of the city. 740 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table II.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS — NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTA- TIVE DAT. Pri- mary horse- power. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, supts. and man- agers. Clerks. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Aver- age num- ber. Number. Male. F^ male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. 1 All Industries 18,026 561,044 17,357 16,254 46,390 15,279 465,764 De 498,640 Ja 438, 594 (') 0) (■) (') (') 1,013,071 2 Agricultural implements 79 21,511 48 604 1,342 277 19,240 Do 21.8.55 Jy 16,391 21,528 21,244 264 20 38,040 3 Artificial flowers and feathers and 25 338 26 5 16 7 '284 Mh '339 Jy '241 '311 40 258 13 12 plumes. 4 Artificial stone 366 1,312 473 32 11 11 785 Je 1,040 Ja 369 1,117 1,117 1,111 6 Automobiles, including bodies and 65 2,804 41 122 195 64 2,382 My 2 ; 524 No 2,107 2 ; 598 2 ; 562 36 1,786 parts. 6 Babbitt motal aud solder 19 291 6 34 49 19 183 De 243 Mh 137 245 242 2 1 988 7 Bags, other than paper 6 213 4 6 8 6 189 Oc 199 Ap 2 173 198 88 110 157 8 Bags, paper .t 4 231 1 8 26 2 194 Se 216 My 182 200 136 64 465 9 Baking powders and yeast 24 1,133 11 48 316 101 657 •De 689 Jy 624 689 311 372 6 1,189 10 15 78 16 62 83 64 46 18 16 11 Belting and hose, leather u 403 9 25 116 20 233 Se 251 Fe 210 247 241 6 430 12 Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts 14 1,005 8 12 66 9 910 Je 1,047 Ja 726 933 929 4 775 13 Billiard tables aiid materials 8 '204 6 9 17 5 167 My '211 De 133 133 125 8 213 14 Blacking and cleansing and polishing 58 407 50 26 65 30 236 Oc 251 Ja 218 249 150 84 15 336 15 preparations. Bluing 10 28 8 1 1 18 De 21 Ja2 16 21 11 8 2 23 16 Boots and shoes, including cut stock 53 6,392 38 113 311 138 5,792 Fe 5,981 Je 5,572 5,917 3,623 1,953 177 164 2,770 and findings. 17 Boxes, cigar 18 463 17 11 24 • 7 404 Se 421 Mh 392 419 148 229 14 28 296 18 Boxes, fancy and paper 61 4,509 31 150 139 104 4,085 De 4,448 Fe 3, 925 4,448 1,523 2,478 44 403 4,143 19 Brass and bronze products 79 2,052 56 no 138 60 1,688 De 1,861 Mh 1,574 1,865 1,817 41 7 1,859 20 Bread and other bakery products 2,099 12,566 2,409 161 801 584 8,611 Au 8; 765 Ja 8', 319 8^871 7,047 1,711 56 57 5,618 21 Brick and tile 340 7,347 384 242 117 30 6, 574 Je 8, 302 Ja 3,795 7,849 7,796 53 36,013 22 Brooms 87 682 98 23 56 11 494 De 550 Je 452 641 537 92 6 6 365 23 Brushes 32 392 26 15 16 9 326 My 358 Jv 308 321 212 103 2 4 138 24 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk. . 295 3,000 896 133 187 52 1,732 Je 1,867 De 1,627 1,689 1,340 335 6 8 6,753 25 Buttons 28 623 39 13 6 17 548 De 685 Jy 434 686 588 92 5 1 275 26 Calcium lights 3 12 1 2 2 7 7 Je2 6 7 7 10 27 Canning and preserving 118 2,800 113 114 140 50 2,383 Se 6,539 Ja 1,013 4,996 2,428 2,399 82 87 4,305 28 67 366 69 10 18 3 266 My 302 Fe 218 273 230 38 5 220 29 325 6,746 349 188 260 97 5,852 6.0QQ 6,094 5,975 106 13 9,684 30 Cars and general shop construction 73 24,406 394 835 46 23,131 De 25,501 My 21,319 25,501 25,441 66 4 20,740 and repairs by steam-railroad com- panics. 31 30 2,364 73 49 2 2,240 No 2,427 Jy 2,101 2,573 2,569 4 2,225 and repairs by streeVrailroad com- panics. 32 28 11,782 2 200 589 46 10,945 De 14. 5.53 Au 8,670 13, 746 13,695 51 18,651 operations of railroad companies. 33 6 1,536 28 95 18 1,395 Je 1,491 Fe 1,254 1,468 1,466 2 15,270 34 Chemicals 19 972 2 37 69 28 '836 No '993 Fe 660 '976 '964 12 5,907 35 Clocks and watches, including cases 19 5,883 9 37 125 47 5,665 No 5,931 Ap 5,493 5,881 3,232 2,614 23 12 2,578 and materials. 36 6 106 4 4 3 4 91 De 94 Au 87 94 93 1 36 37 Clothing, men’s, including shirts 715 41,122 861 400 2,544 1,165 36,152 Se 37,746 Ja 33,275 38, 493 18,081 19,353 266 793 3,729 38 Clothing, women’s 221 7,279 267 143 483 235 6,151 Oc 6,865 Ja 5,578 6,524 2,0,31 4,397 9 87 804 39 Coffee and spice, roasting and grind- 35 1,792 23 71 596 84 1,018 No 1,070 Au 975 1,043 583 429 18 13 2,709 40 mg. Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' 21 924 10 41 130 11 732 Mh 774 Se 705 717 508 182 7 20 1,071 goods. 41 Confectionery 140 4,622 112 112 392 207 3,799 Oc 4,617 Ja 3,299 4,493 1,546 2,645 25 277 3,417 42 Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- 80 2,617 56 95 50 28 2,388 No 2,685 Je 2,241 2,572 2,556 2 14 5,247 where specified. 43 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products . 483 8,897 508 276 425 215 7,473 De 7,923 Ja 6,551 8.020 6,8.37 1,045 85 53 5, 510 44 Cordage and twine and jute and linen 7 1,884 49 28 8 1,799 De 2,147 Au 1,619 2,162 956 1,142 14 50 6,459 goods. 45 4 112 1 4 4 1 102 Mh 113 Jy2 98 99 65 34 64 46 Corsets 16 1,663 6 30 59 66 1,502 Fe 1,574 .Te 1,400 1 470 104 1,248 25 102 541 47 Cotton goods, including cotton small 5 1,397 33 26 19 1,319 De 1,454 Ja 1,212 1,454 445 911 43 55 2,020 wares. 48 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere spec- 80 1.661 63 72 81 52 1,393 De 1,517 Ja 1,322 1.547 1,402 117 22 6 2,385 Ified. 49 Dairymen’s,po»iiterers’,and apiarists’ 29 427 30 21 21 32 323 Ap 455 So 234 343 319 20 4 664 supplies. 50 10 85 5 9 8 15 48 Ja 2 52 Jy2 44 52 42 8 2 36 51 Eiectrical machinery, apparatus, and 143 11,854 55 367 1,262 529 9,641 No 11,273 Ja 8,112 11,382 8,560 2, 763 44 9 11,636 supplies. 52 Eiectroplating 43 457 49 18 7 8 375 No 397 Au 352 399 373 11 12 3 703 53 4 67 3 9 10 4 41 De2 43 Fo 39 43 40 3 42 54 5 35 4 2 29 36 Ja 22 34 31 3 15 65 8 327 15 15 7 290 De 326 Ap 251 326 326 1,828 56 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified . 44 613 32 43 53 41 444 Oc 556 Ap 334 521 290 215 8 8 ■230 57 4 85 5 2 1 1 76 Fe2 79 Au2 74 78 78 522 5S 5 54 2 5 16 3 28 Au 33 Do 2 21 32 29 3 11 50 6 114 1 8 4 3 98 126 95 49 46 46 60 Flags, banners,regalia, society badges. 24 376 18 12 33 20 293 Je 345 Do 257 257 64 181 6 7 67 and emblems. fil 461 3 634 514 2.53 28’5 88 2.464 2. 557 Jo 2,272 2, 627 2, 608 17 2 38. 472 62 Foundry and iriachine-stiop products. 1,178 01,303 700 2,317 4,86.3 1. 157 52, 266 De 59 , 229 Ja 47,909 69, 221 57,542 1,450 211 18 92,831 63 Fur goods 63 473 63 21 57 13 319 No 434 Mh 2,37 394 215 175 1 3 .59 64 Furnishing goods, men’s 61 3,116 60 59 215 94 2,688 No 3.018 Ja 2,355 2,878 358 2, 423 9 88 796 65 Furniture and refrigerators 267 15, 240 300 407 701 257 13, 575 Oc 14,451 Ja 12,139 14,125 13,613 323 185 4 20, 875 66 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps 78 2, 619 41 125 238 125 2,090 No 2,3.34 Jo 1,940 2, j35 1.826 458 40 11 1,883 and reflectors. 67 Gas, illuminating and healing 78 8,020 2 269 1.315 133 6, .301 Je 7, 1.35 Fe 5,018 5, 785 5,785 18, 386 1 No figures given for reason explained in the Introduction. STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 741 THE STATE, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909. • EXPENSES. Capital. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value of products. Total. Oflicials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 1 11,648,170,701 $1,733,327,352 $38,128,166 $53,320,948 $273, 319, 005 $48,194,400 $1,112,732,290 $11,153,257 $57,023,503 $13,625,794 $125,829,989 $1,919,276,694 2 110,605,187 44,148,098 1,226,127 1,406,696 11,718,384 797,922 24,026,185 8,315 358,174 15, 631 4, 590, 664 57,268,325 3 174, 548 332, 502 6,970 13,882 85,975 2,000 146,931 17, 982 560 520 57,682 406,030 4 1,236,408 1,123,179 31,639 7,643 439,214 10,548 566,363 11,137 4,358 1,311 50,966 1,488,299 5 4,083,973 6,774,357 267,622 158, 547 1,653,186 61,312 3,917,807 96,973 12, 110 70, 947 535,853 7,153,818 6 1,409,799 3,817,757 89, 838 71, 447 108, 517 22, 617 3,351,255 4,616 8,459 161,008 4,145,789 7 575,574 895, 618 14,500 9,660 175,042 4,060 680,973 4,442 1,453 5,488 965, 442 8 1,690,925 1,028,829 22, 492 32,980 98,899 9,804 757,091 756 3,377 103,430 1,123,610 9 6,115, 498 6,017, 782 167,123 342, 250 346,259 . 33,239 3,227,629 29,357 20,138 1,851,787 7,632,063 10 11 40,675 1,279, 476 80, 046 2,051,612 64,586 118, 499 30,296 164, 536 413 •16,532 44,115 1,368,036 3,020 30, 755 336 2,935 1,866 285, 733 101,472 2, 187,555 12 1,276,356 1,755,516 25,322 53,072 600,233 19,099 954,033 9,271 3,088 1,080 90,318 1, 777, 464 13 381,023 359,957 15, 490 26,500 87,690 5,813 153,922 2,220 1,378 66,944 403,163 14 516, 686 997,542 53,909 98,883 122,922 7,385 562,016 17, 249 2,270 30 132,878 1,229,961 15 15, 277 52, 649 1,800 578 7,862 247 31,816 3,912 58 6,376 66,949 16 7, 569, 620 15,485,947 298,955 400,916 3,142,912 106,865 10,761,977 81,340 23,920 4, 170 664, 892 16,754,704 17 358,050 581,630 20,880 30,357 158,099 8,672 308,414 19,153 1,395 1,000 25, OOP 33,660 664, 469 18 3,813,498 5,650,611 246, 707 197, 198 1,501,273 64, 233 2,947,314 123,416 19,509 525,961 6,349,621 19 4,055,823 6,180,929 250,033 176,238 1,136,179 95, 743 4,051,802 61,443 11,746 2, 640 395, 105 6,841,735 20 24,224,216 30,899,184 364, 629 981,980 5,494,607 672,880 20,933,099 629, 595 103,443 1,064 1,717,887 36,117,986 21 18, 495, 247 8,285,610 347,258 118,882 4,386,001 1,805,102 686,256 13, 897 79,548 33,094 815, 572 9,765,051 22 722,783 1,248,515 27, 590 64,942 235,069 5,758 829,038 9,336 2,691 8,685 65, 406 1,464,896 23 497, 181 874, 123 25,346 18, 760 180,370 4,316 549,830 10, 748 1,686 83,067 964,850 24 7,819,996 16, 485, 553 175, 463 222, 812 942, 206 259,396 14,007,525 20,150 34,186 225 823,590 17,798,278 25 262,004 557, 542 16, 231 14, 656 246,892 7,187 229,350 8,328 514 10,015 24,369 675,981 26 29,265 32,385 2,800 1,240 5,292 256 19,130 1,740 60 1,867 26,729 27 5,629,637 6, 704,951 201,452 165, 382 903, 632 73,393 4,739,303 65, 786 26,637 10,383 518,983 7,619,586 28 173, 701 249,365 12,634 9,089 115,229 8,943 56,143 12, 818 864 700 32,945 340, 799 29 17,858,786 14,810,098 343,145 300,393 3,588,016 182,268 9,297, 067 105,562 85, 148 4,865 903, 634 16,831,283 30 18,722,338 32,236,134 553,697 741,060 15,287,571 943, 716 14,289,060 95,395 27 325,608 32,229,243 31 3,885,611 3,439,334 80,476 42,391 1,395,029 44,064 1,763,238 1,250 24,905 554 87,427 3,450,643 32 37,934,778 25,685,563 506,912 494, 720 7,823,919 463, 240 14,872,742 92,441 133,282 277,851 1,020,456 27,001,092 33 6,686,567 3, 197, 433 83,855 181,686 854, 797 709,369 909, 440 15, 520 14,826 427,940 4,087,507 34 4,639,170 3,927,458 88,886 92, 443 531,315 205,714 2,690,086 6,607 8,839 4,160 299,408 4,656, 274 35 12,411,573 5,819,648 143,516 162,117 3,217,149 45, 745 1,642,706 6,098 70, 233 148 5.31,936 7,045,275 36 37 30,806 38,762,929 93,072 80,393,885 6,820 1,314,612 5,688 3,179,394 51,824 16,580, 002 672 280, 747 44,947, 533 13,300 896, 744 201 77,358 5,259,046 14,567 7,858, 449 119,296 89, 472, 755 38 5, 567, 194 8,751,861 14,992,614 334, 753 651,855 3,151,998 54, 109 9,159, 417 282, 251 15,434 502,014 840, 783 16,635,236 39 18,352,146 257, 163 822,389 524,869 87,949 15,025, 755 152,953 40, 697 33, 183 1,407,188 19,751,188 40 2,088,863 2,042,393 103, 521 201,777 405,910 16,545 965,835 24,086 10,302 5, 150 309,267 2,259,783 41 6,094,450 11,214,390 248, 102 522, 742 1,428,645 116,187 7,549,211 164,909 21,497 1,165 1,161,932 12,798,077 42 4,452,842 6,137,357 184,401 64,263 1,126,580 62,507 4,416,811 24,248 17,978 6,373 234, 136 6,610,969 43 31,018,411 20,300,274 588,053 499,565 4,314,684 213,683 12,979,480 219,785 81,528 14,251 1,389,245 22,822,810 44 13,014,494 6,888,300 66,968 24,658 659,584 66,222 5,875,409 3,000 50,079 142,386 8,237,165 45 180,918 207,433 16,040 6,524 44,071 2,855 116, 714 7, 740 649 12,840 238, 468 46 1,306,114 2,280,612 77,969 132,378 524,530 14,857 1,180,468 26,706 2,565 321, 139 2,711,213 47 1,979,075 1,896,952 60,860 44,043 522,073 30,720 1,071,294 18,800 9,620 139,542 2,111,208 48 2,455,288 2,363,064 155,942 120,180 760,385 53,286 1,018,883 33,484 11,034 . 985 208,885 2,757,762 49 859, 129 978,164 27,878 31,130 178,333 10,006 565,436 8,560 2,914 2,627 151,280 1,180,898 50 71,764 201,740 13,000 14,874 36,043 1,639 113,103 6,653 339 16,089 231,884 51 24,201,532 24,937,852 762,884 1,360,742 6,412,671 233, 368 13,395,080 260,876 159,782 37,172 2,315,277 26,826,177 52 289, 762 562, 107 23,110 7,739 245,432 15,920 210,402 29,510 1,115 28,879 696,572 53 84,806 119,180 9,602 10,756 19,784 1,480 43, 415 4,610 197 29,246 155, 318 54 55 14,066 1,561,612 40,230 1,250,894 1,992 28, 630 15, 190 14,745 189,558 1,847 29,226 15,632 906,066 2,020 150 57 4,414 1,503 3,337 76, 157 45,058 1,469,469 56 659,251 1,119,375 07, 162 73,075 221, 757 7, 708 566,508 31,294 1,209 24,672 125, 930 1,319,861 57 84,200 86,973 2,240 1,976 49,081 3,909 23,260 1,172 744 200 4,391 99,522 58 109,771 142,098 19,340 37,050 14,596 166 61,750 3,318 83 5,795 164, 437 59 180, 844 142, 939 21,990 4,916 38,548 745 66,522 470 1,037 8,711 142,973 60 383,331 576,368 18, 136 39,445 111,923 3,894 309,361 11, 181 1,008 12,110 69,310 675,845 61 18,453,727 48,852,744 488,994 316,182 1,271,182 330,242 45,259,329 25,140 87,302 546 1,073,827 51,110,681 62 143,276,987 123,396,892 5,413,640 5,306,986 33,156,824 2,689,463 61,120,725 1,065,152 589,672 1,059,200 12,995,230 138,578,993 63 971,515 1,584,835 49,408 59,403 229,532 3,206 1,067, 726 71,349 1,976 20,370 81,865 1,929,470 64 2,881,103 6, 726,981 170,894 255,918 1,014, 719 17,984 4,555,098 83,640 17,676 16,959 594,093 7,213,437 65 22,383,174 25,169,458 887,571 867,002 8,099,683 317,915 12,183,305 313,768 116,333 55, 147 2,328,734 27,900,262 66 3,657,369. 5,102,485 381,241 286,240 1,184,283 44,924 2,649,880 89,950 10,300 10,459 445,808 5,797,373 67 131,789,940 13,938,452 631, 984 935,387 2,967,342 5,394,978 814,706 580,035 920, 147 3,725 1,684,148 21,052,100 • Same number reported for one or more other months. 75100°— 13 48 Value added by manu- facture. $768,349,904 32,444,218 257.099 911,388 3,174,699 771,917 280,409 356,715 4,371,195 56,944 802,987 804,332 243, 428 660,560 34,886 5,885,862 347,383 3,338,074 2,694,190 14, .512, 007 7,273,693 630. 100 410, 704 3,531,357 439, 444 7,343 2,806,890 275, 713 7,351,948 16,996,467 1,643,341 11.665.110 2,468,698 1,760,474 5,356,824 118,624 44,244,475 7,421,710 4,637,484 1,277,403 5,132,679 2,131,651 9,029,647 2,295,534 118,899 1,515,888 1,009,194 1,685,593 605,456 117,142 13,197,729 470,250 110,423 27,579 534,177 745,585 72,353 102,521 75,706 362, 590 5.521.110 74,768,805 858,538 2,640,355 15,399,042 3, 103, 169 14,842,416 742 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Table II.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR THE INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS— NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTA- TIVE DAY. Pri- mary horse- power. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, siipts. and man- agers. Clerks. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Aver- age num- ber. Number. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. 1 Glass 11 3, 686 3 38 98 40 3,507 Ap 4,396 Se 1,441 4,385 ' 3, 975 203 202 5 6,638 2 Gloves and mittens, leather 29 1,463 33 33 64 24 1,309 No 1,355 Ap 1,272 1,345 456 838 17 34 '657 3 7 159 6 7 3 143 Se » 153 Jai 124 126 62 58 5 1 13 4 Grease and tallow 36 959 30 34 106 11 778 Se 869 My 693 849 827 20 2 2,842 5 Hand stamps andstencils and brands . . 33 284 35 17 33 23 176 No 194 Ap 161 194 154 27 13 101 G Hats and caps, other than felt, straw. 38 574 48 21 29 13 463 Oc 501 Fe 422 509 357 145 5 2 61 and wool. 7 10 123 9 1 11 3 99 De 111 93 111 61 50 20 8 Hosiery and knit good.? 43 3 , 141 40 52 103 33 2,913 No 3,091 Ja 2,678 3,137 938 1,987 63 159 3,452 9 83 1,013 25 106 62 26 804 1, 134 Ja 479 730 728 1 1 1:1 288 10 7 86 3 12 28 5 38 Del 39 Jai 38 39 34 1 4 ^ 18,5 11 Iron and steel, blast furnaces 6 2, 927 37 341 56 2,493 De 2.997 Ja 2, 053 2,997 2 997 70 4,53 12 Iron and steel, steel works and rolling 24 19', 437 3 290 1,408 152 17, 584 De 22 ; 141 Mh 15; 381 22 ; 146 22, 101 25 20 152, 470 mills. 13 Jewelry 67 1,280 69 46 106 69 990 De 1,052 My 943 1,067 890 148 15 14 367 14 7 123 3 13 25 6 76 89 Ja 61 73 67 6 1 .5,58 15 3 18 2 2 14 16 Jai 13 13 12 1 6 16 Leather goods 168 3,569 172 115 253 80 2,949 Mh 3 , 107 Je 2 , 764 3,026 2,619 373 19 15 2,200 17 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . . 29 3, 194 26 53 99 15 3,001 De 3,208 Je 2,839 3,208 3, 203 5 6, 769 18 16 572 12 22 23 4 511 '623 Ja '399 '487 ' 487 794 19 9 851 1 31 59 10 750 Be 809 My 696 813 767 40 .3,008 20 106 5, 361 25 337 574 27 4 , 398 Jy 4,698 4,198 4,313 4,229 60 24 27,000 21 12 17 14 3 Oc 1 6 Ja 1 2 6 6 2 22 Lumber and timber products 814 19,025 825 638 783 212 16,567 No 17,596 Ja 15,002 18,122 17,768 153 199 2 52,015 93 278 2, 821 324 116 111 44 2,226 Se 2, 401 Ja 1,792 2,311 2, .306 1 4 .5,00.3 24 Mattresses and spring beds 86 r,036 85 36 55 29 '831 Oc '974 Ja '704 '832 651 170 10 1 849 25 Millinery and lace goods 103 3,987 105 135 244 175 3,328 Mh 4,056 Je 2,644 3,144 592 2, 370 29 153 549 Mirrors 10 396 4 14 14 11 353 De 393 Fe » 334 393 392 1 370 27 Models and patterns, not including 81 585 92 23 25 19 426 De 468 Jy 392 472 443 20 9 701 paper patterns. 28 Musical instruments and materials. 30 425 35 19 20 15 336 No 383 Jy 290 370 351 11 8 208 not specified. 29 Musical instruments, pianos and or- 68 9,628 18 199 455 179 8,777 Oc 9,293 Ja 8,341 9,187 8,361 503 204 59 8,123 gans and materials. 30 Paint and varnish 74 2,906 31 204 671 208 1,792 Mh 1,905 Ja 1,601 1,855 1,650 190 8 7 7,108 31 19 1,542 3 50 69 23 1,397 No 1,541 Ja 1,183 1,575 1,552 19 4 15,169 32 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified. . . 46 i;659 27 67 155 93 i;3i7 Mv i;356 Ja i,2»7 l',474 555 872 7 40 869 33 Patent medicines and compounds 359 3,902 249 303 759 722 1,869 De 2,040 Je 1,720 2,068 893 1,008 13 154 3,234 and druggists’ preparations. 34 7 65 5 4 14 35 Au 38 Ja 32 33 29 4 14 35 Photographic apparatus and materials. 13 356 8 22 22 20 284 Oc 322 Je 250 304 143 159 2 430 30 27 1,561 8 72 286 81 1,114 De 1,246 Fe 1,003 1,256 1,014 233 9 606 37 Pottery, “ terraKJotta, and fire-clay 39 3', 474 23 79 183 32 3 ; 157 Oc 3 ', 528 Ja 2^552 3', 431 3,385 42 4 7,995 38 Rl tL>. Printing and publishing 2,608 43,074 2,384 2,026 6,573 3,447 28,644 De 29, 892 Je 27,869 30,054 22,269 7,010 561 214 20,975 39 Pumps, not including steam pumps 14 348 7 31 21 7 282 My 296 Se 252 292 290 2 328 40 13 145 8 9 7 17 104 De 115 My 95 115 63 52 293 41 13 306 7 18 22 11 248 De 375 094 275 269 5 1 293 42 Sewing machines, cases, and attach- 7 2,073 1 37 229 93 1,713 De 1,939 Jy 1,526 1,939 1,857 77 5 2,366 ments. 43 Shipbuilding, including boat building . 23 470 24 16 13 4 413 Ap 696 No 297 553 1 1,113 44 16 442 18 10 21 7 386 No 400 Ja 301 398 392 2 4 419 45 Signs and advertising novelties 51 1,835 25 72 376 72 1,290 Je 1,384 Ja 1,101 1,'348 941 351 32 24 781 46 Slaughtering and meat packing 109 32,642 93 246 5,148 450 26, 705 De 29,652 My 24,293 28,755 25,537 3,175 40 3 56,651 47 5 2, 034 2 34 71 5 1,922 De 2,066 Mh 1,670 2,066 2 052 14 7,485 4S Smelting and refining, not from the ore . 11 423 4 23 19 8 '369 De '432 Ap '292 '432 432 i;763 49 Soap...T 34 3,408 20 75 908 217 2,188 No 2,303 Mv 2,075 2,399 1,071 597 44 87 5,155 50 15 160 8 14 19 11 108 De 139 Mh 90 139 137 2 140 51 21 747 13 37 85 20 592 No 610 571 602 583 3 16 725 52 Stoves and furnaces, including gas 71 5,223 28 173 424 99 4, 499 Je 4,888 Ja 3,572 4,688 4,652 1 35 4,983 and oil stoves. 53 Surgical appliances and artificial 29 820 19 40 150 75 530 De 547 Jy 518 547 275 203 9 595 limbs. 54 Tobacco manufactures 1,944 10, 707 2,127 1,32 336 78 8,034 De 8,461 Ja 7,620 8,688 6,004 2,508 145 31 878 55 Type founding and printing materials. . 19 588 9 37 81 23 438 Oc 467 Ja> 403 450 357 89 4 391 56 5 389 2 15 69 13 290 De 347 Au 243 347 287 59 1 492 57 6 92 2 4 3 3 80 Ap 87 No 74 81 81 414 58 Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and 9 543 6 22 13 3 499 No 518 Ap 482 513 353 154 4 2 1,342 wool hats. 59 All other industries * 1,397 44,544 1,078 1,659 4,397 1,616 35,794 96,122 1 Same number reported for one or more other * All other industries embrace — Artists’ materials 9 Awnings, tents, and sails 45 Axle grease 3 Beet sugar 1 Belting and hose, woven and rubber 4 Butter, reworking 4 Candles 1 Card cutting and designing 4 Carriages and sleds, children’s 6 Cars, street-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 2 Cash registers and calculating machines 9 Charcoal 3 China decorating 14 Chocolate and cocoa products 1 Clothing, horse 2 Clothing, men’s, buttonholes 10 Coke 2 Cordials and sirups 10 Drug grinding 2 Dyeing and finishing textiles 12 Dyestuffs and extracts 2 Engravers’ materials 3 Engraving and diesinking 17 Engraving, wood 13 Fertilizers 11 Firearms and ammunition 4 Flavoring extracts 30 Food preparations IIG Foundry supplies 0 Fuel, manufactured 1 Furs, dressed 3 Galvanizing ^ 7 Glass, cutting, staining, and omaraonting 49 Glucose and Stan h 5 Glue 9 Gold and silver, reducing and refining, not from the ore 3 Hair work 40 IJammocks 1 Hat and cap materials 2 Hats, straw 2 Horseshoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills 2 Houso-fiimishing goods, not elsewhere specified. . . 27 Ink, writing 9 Instniments, professional and scientific 25 Iron and steel, bolls, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in stool works or rolling mills 11 Iron and steel, doors and shutters 5 Iron and steel forgings 17 Iron and stool, nails and spikes, cut and wrought, including wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling mills fi Iron and steel pipe, wrought 3 •lewolry and instrument cases 6 Labels and tags 12 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 743 STATE, BY INDUSTRIES: 1909— Continued. Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 1 17,738,230 84,064,447 $126,669 $104, 784 $2,181,683 $408, 582 $1,072,872 $1,320 $26,634 $536 $682,367 $5,047, 333 $3, .505, 879 2 1,093,490 2,331,900 79, 176 90,287 518,862 19,114 1,4.59,298 22,997 7,952 16,000 119,214 2,522,903 1,044,551 3 05, 747 209,833 14,050 1,274 61, 183 1, lOii 126, 702 3,060 174 2,227 225,806 97,941 4 2,852,246 5,076,472 91,285 132,282 531,365 154,921 3,910,127 9,345 13,259 400 233,488 5,589,617 1,524,569 5 296, 106 396,973 26,665 30,714 102,930 4,253 165,074 22,548 938 1,990 41,861 478,911 309,584 6 279,637 902,607 37,409 26,320 266,879 5,978 472,532 30, 171 963 5,286 57,009 1,040,485 567,975 7 70,007 250,898 1,560 10,050 70,990 1,774 153,163 9,732 227 2,802 286,721 131,784 8 5,116,992 4,938,859 105, 179 115,841 1,116,476 56,391 3,175,974 38,128 14,957 38,825 277,088 5,946,737 2,714,372 9 5,574,739 1,424,435 145,830 46,246 534, 166 291, 192 150,7.38 7,298 26,012 3,682 219,271 1,928,323 1,486,393 10 254,387 316,498 29,600 42,496 25,508 6,394 158, 859 4,320 939 49,382 41.5,025 250,772 11 62,389, 822 34,196,011 174,841 320, 726 1,792, 965 12,256,101 18,652,361 184, 249 814, 768 38, 299, 897 7,391,435 12 69; 682; 495 75,221,710 880,917 1,414; 278 12; 962; 087 3; 598, 585 52; 645; 878 5,800 267', 590 3, 446; 675 86; 608; 137 30,363,674 13 1,822,606 2,358,271 94, 446 115,277 650,233 16,727 1,247,125 68,723 5,706 2,006 158,028 2,779,962 1,516,110 14 687, 177 308,440 26, 720 67,474 37, 198 10,147 157,617 3,230 2,260 63,794 431,352 263,588 16 34,007 70, 525 716 12, 974 252 52, 910 1,140 56 2,477 87, 883 34, 721 16 5,359,975 7,985,071 218,990 279,004 1,633,407 56,046 5,078,924 132,987 25,214 4,990 555,509 8,948,324 3,813,354 17 15,974,832 14, 736, 180 159,964 116, 908 1,582,030 161,707 11,978,902 26,278 35, 181 7,310 677,900 14,911,782 2,781,173 18 1,258,141 591,605 40,717 23,594 282, 967 88,878 85,442 488 7,608 61,911 687,976 513, 656 19 7,500,330 53,219,662 129.059 71,483 478,685 247,594 8,961,701 4,451 42,779,367 24,235 523,087 55, 199,874 45,990,579 20 56, 141, 165 23,618,940 1,018,247 680,966 3,473,300 591,827 6,441,366 5,502,471 8,601 5,902, 162 28,449, 148 21,415,955 21 34, 150 15,846 1,989 4 12,904 236 84 629 28,711 15,803 22 29,777,623 41,125,558 1,132,843 828,257 9,109,584 356,832 26, 907; 364 306, 48i 146,020 234, 491 2, 103, 683 44,951,804 17,687,608 23 4,689,083 5,667,371 231,300 137,570 1,766, 107 87,010 2,943,239 60,716 20, 408 123,782 297,239 6,770,996 3,740,747 24 1,150,945 2,503,832 76,020 84, 131 447, 691 18,876 1,614,888 60,520 3,864 4,377 193. 465 2,860,042 1,226,278 25 2,188,576 6,444,318 293,213 352,067 1,383,832 31,217 3,766,079 168,758 7,367 2, 656 439, 129 7,281,914 3,484,618 26 447,280 992, 144 22,854 17,435 231,681 11,086 623,702 19, .545 2, 182 400 63,2.59 1, 106, 480 471,692 27 520,739 701,416 45,643 33,302 308,255 14,507 188,893 34, 661 1,252 1,455 73,448 889, 437 686,037 28 511,662 502, 478 36,041 21,206 200,606 8,797 169, 675 18,500 2,192 72 45,389 629, 163 450,691 29 27,718,851 16,686,065 631,455 583,811 5,009,042 158,028 8, 484, 403 89, 168 95,084 14, 144 1,620,930 19, 176,328 10,533,897 30 15,725,376 17,926,283 608,050 1,048,943 1,114,298 149,280 12,752,331 61,785 72,083 6,144 2,113,369 20,434,291 7,532,680 31 8,400,333 4,567.670 118,514 81,299 727,420 320,352 2,779,088 8,080 17, 723 3,927 511,267 4,983,075 1,883,635 32 2,260,405 3,435.708 149,076 182, 130 546, 165 32,582 1,964,579 69,873 46,277 70,577 374,449 3,779,297 1,782, 136 33 7,988,944 10,742,989 652, 117 1, 104,065 804,761 73,308 4,339,710 183,928 39,313 70,795 3,474,992 13,114,307 8,701,289 34 117,164 141,815 3,900 21,266 23,224 734 67,551 3,900 166 8,850 12,224 170, 467 102, 182 35 708,269 642,709 54,005 27,006 156,562 6,402 311,382 9,126 3,919 500 73,807 739,857 422,073 36 1,390,856 2,268,578 177,632 297,753 949, 109 31,342 502, 413 63,385 6,488 ' 25,560 214,896 2,678,304 2, 144,, 549 37 14,900,981 3, 946, 183 196,796 186,052 1,884,879 433,231 693,215 3,894 23,434 45,566 479,117 4,614,728 3,488,282 38 60,084,133 73.964,422 4,788,751 7,583,416 18,436,924 845,568 23,8,34,405 1,705,047 259,085 4,738, 140 11,773,086 87,247,090 62,567,117 39 664,286 641,106 40,371 21,435 179, 136 11,383 316, 168 6,770 3,157 246 56,440 658, .554 331,003 40 251,977 323,529 15,900 11,970 52,875 5,448 194,528 12,517 462 29,829 381,363 181,387 41 515,477 528,831 39,870 25,103 1.51,166 7,796 237,429 7,679 3,299 56,589 574,420 329. 195 42 4,430,468 3, 306, 683 114,404 151,014 1,113,885 48,412 1,062,064 2,938 15,767 798,209 3,621,554 2,511,078 43 2,060,884 532,277 22, 772 11,079 251,594 21,423 177,332 3, 179 12,595 288 32,015 583,783 385,028 44 539,256 691,413 23,700 32,779 247,869 9, 125 Z80,525 10,525 3,025 22, 175 61,690 829; 472 539,822 45 2,693,629 2,915,025 158,216 233,602 750,349 18, 179 967, 165 57,780 4,993 75,229 649,512 3,271,331 2,285,987 46 131,026,247 378, 189, 429 1,007,485 5,432,564 14,601,961 1,485,207 342,490,800 165,663 519, 147 230,732 12,255,870 389,594,906 45,618,899 47 7,596, 278 8, 409, 661 200,891 111,765 1,275,162 629, 206 5,866, 578 27,729 298,330 9,003,624 2,507,840 48 1,603,000 3; 638, 984 69; 929 38,369 206; 679 78; 503 3; 155; 613 6,628 4; 246 79; 017 3,929,755 695.639 49 11,693,653 18,835,398 219, 102 1,136,533 1,052,608 262,319 13,685,841 28,660 49,811 19, 468 2,381,056 20,180,799 6,232,639 60 156,862. 355,569 20,369 21,375 61,942 5, 130 188, 452 9,835 343 29,717 18, 406 407,890 214,308 51 777,366 1,156,678 106,926 79,798 472,376 26,593 289,335 50,493 2,122 4,784 124,251 1,282,292 966,364 52 9,862,626 9,025,880 366, 171 509,366 2,957,046 143,358 3,712,579 33,213 46, 130 18,531 1,239,486 10,287,335 6,431,398 53 1,673,702 1,855,796 83,031 288,851 284,512 13,947 906.887 23,743 4,719 1,150 248,956 2,098,942 1, 178, 108 54 12,794,393 18,230,593 257,208 560,436 4,215,848 66,700 8,535,962 250,791 2, 410, 665 3,486 1, 929, 497 21,870,252 13,267,590 55 1,852,184 1,188,289 100,600 100,696 302,666 12,926 362,459 46,703 3,754 5,562 253,023 1,247,937 872,552 56 1,139,847 1,168,877 64,020 56.273 173, 127 14,864 686,779 7,790 4,248 161,776 1,366,763 665, 120 57 261,035 177,930 7,758 5,979 33,361 7,825 108,797 1,936 2,126 10,148 203,312 86, 690 58 1,063,075 1,190,230 60,938 14,054 236, 760 21,119 752,037 2, 720 5,917 96,685 1,314,100 540,944 69 169, 900, 392 181,930,730 4,310,009 5,539,512 20, 944, 403 7,892,285 127,046,368 1,181,455 832, 792 209, 172 13,974,734 205,467,461 70,528, 808 * All other industries embrace — Continued. Lard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat- packing establishments 1 Lasts 2 Lead, bar, pipe and sheet 2 Looking-glass and picture frames 68 Malt 12 Matches 1 Millstones 1 Mineral and soda waters 276 Moving pictures 3 Mucilage and paste 8 Oil, cottonseed, and cake 2 Oil, linseed 5 Oil, not elsewhere specified 11 Oilcloth and linoleum 1 Oleomargarine 3 Optical goods 8 Paper patterns 3 Paving materials 7 Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. . 1 Petroleum, refining 7 Phonographs and graphophones 1 Pipes, tobacco 4 Roofing materials 17 Rules, ivory and wood 1 Safes and vaults 3 Sand and emery paper and cloth 1 Saws 8 Screws, machine 2 Screws, wood 2 Shoddy 1 Silk and silk goods, including throwsters 2 Silverware and plated ware 1 Smelting and refining, lead 4 Soda-water apparatus 9 Sporting and athletic goods 24 Springs, steei, car and carriage 6 Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified 21 Statuary and art goods 12 Sugar and molasses 1 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids 2 Tin plate and temeplate 1 Tin foil 2 Toys and games 19 Typewriters and supplies 11 U mbrellas and canes 4 Upholstering materials 10 Vault lights and ventilators 5 Vinegar and cider 15 Washing machines and clothes wringers 13 Waste 2 Whips 2 Windmilis 11 Window shades and fixtures 36 Wire 7 Wirework, including wire rope and cable 60 Wood preserving 3 W ood , turned and carved 40 Wool pulling 16 Wool scouring 7 744 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Tabi.e III.— detail statement FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, CITIUS OF 50,000 IIVU ABITANTS OB MORE, BV IIV'DIJSTRIES. C II I C A O O. PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. INDUSTRY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks. W age earners (average number). Male. Fe- male. ) Total. 16 and over. Un- der 16. Male. Fe- male. All Industries 9,656 356,954 8, 156 10, 205 33,531 11.085 293,977 231,461 57,545 4,971 19 192 20 16 3 3 150 150 Automobiles, including bodies and parts. . . 41 1,725 17 80 136 32 1,460 1,440 20 6 213 4 6 8 6 189 84 105 Baking powders and yeast 16 940 8 38 285 87 522 265 251 6 10 52 11 41 37 4 11 403 9 25 116 20 233 227 6 Boots and shoes, including cut stock and 31 3,326 29 48 137 85 3,027 1,983 856 188 findings. Bo.xes, cigar 9 348 9 8 21 6 304 114 155 35 Boxes, fancy and paper 48 3,984 22 131 128 94 3,609 1,0.S6 2,111 412 Brass and bronze products 56 1,430 38 78 103 44 1,167 1,142 19 6 Bread and other bakery products 1,177 8,842 1,246 109 677 373 6, 437 4,879 1,474 84 7 657 6 21 14 4 612 597 15 Brooms 28 282 34 15 6 5 222 181 38 3 Brushes 28 334 26 12 15 6 275 190 79 6 Buttons 13 231 14 6 5 16 190 81 102 7 3 12 1 2 2 7 Canning and preserving 47 1,107 41 40 89 33 904 455 431 18 25 205 24 6 12 163 145 14 4 126 2,263 139 60 81 18 1,965 1,945 20 Cars and general shop construction and re- 22 11,562 141 343 19 11,059 11,006 49 4 pairs by steam-railroad companies. 7 1,721 31 25 1 1,664 1,661 3 pairs by street-railroad companies. 18 9,226 160 473 40 8,553 8,508 45 tions of railroad companies. 10 218 2 15 36 22 143 132 11 Clocks and watches, including cases and 5 145 3 9 20 4 109 103 3 3 materials. 6 106 4 4 3 4 91 90 1 Clothing, mien’s, including shirts 678 38,370 830 357 2,443 1,125 33,615 16,639 16,068 908 Clothing, women’s 204 6,666 254 123 451 223 5,615 1,870 3,689 56 Coffee and spice, roasting and grinding 32 1,775 22 67 596 84 1,006 561 415 30 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers’ 13 733 5 31 113 8 576 426 125 25 goods. Confectionery .87 3,865 53 95 310 166 3,241 1,118 1,906 217 Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- 37 1,269 32 37 20 14 1,166 1,160 6 where specified. Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 268 4,610 256 173 216 106 3,859 3,458 370 31 Corsets 10 1,124 5 20 39 55 1,005 67 818 120 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified. . 53 1,167 43 47 56 39 982 898 61 23 Dairymen’s, poulterers’, and apiarists’ 7 70 5 5 7 4 49 46 2 1 Dentists’ materials 10 85 5 9 8 15 48 39 7 2 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- 123 7,333 45 257 653 282 6,096 4,255 1,792 49 plies. Electroplating 34 374 40 12 7 5 310 299 2 9 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified 40 603 29 42 53 41 438 243 181 14 5 64 2 5 16 3 28 25 3 Founciry and machine-shop products 669 36,868 338 1,442 3,349 684 31,055 30,154 808 93 Fur goods 59 455 68 21 56 12 308 173 132 3 Furnishing goods, men’s 38 2,273 38 44 202 84 1,905 215 1,621 69 Furniture and refrigerators 202 11,097 144 310 584 183 9,876 9,491 237 148 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and 63 2,068 30 107 217 112 1,602 1,206 372 24 reflectors. Gloves and mittens, leather 25 1,223 29 22 44 19 1,109 394 665 50 7 159 6 7 3 143 70 66 Grease and tallow 10 773 7 21 86 10 649 629 18 2 Hand stamps and stencils and brands 27 273 29 17 33 22 172 137 23 12 Hats and caps, other than felt, straw, and 38 574 48 21 29 13 463 325 132 6 wool. Hosiery and knit goods 29 837 36 20 31 7 743 119 565 59 6 229 13 9 1 206 206 Ink, printing 7 86 3 12 28 5 38 33 1 4 6 7,689 106 638 62 6,983 6,983 mills. Jewelry 55 1,169 55 38 101 65 910 754 131 25 3 18 2 2 14 13 1 Leather "goods 99 2,581 96 83 171 53 2,178 1,810 340 28 21 2,841 23 48 84 12 2,674 2, 671 3 45 3', 450 2 171 399 11 2,867 2,815 52 Lumber and timber products 195 11,680 119 390 673 1.36 10,462 10,305 21 130 Marble and stone work 107 1,640 108 72 49 23 1,388 1,386 1 1 Mattresses and sDririg beds 58 835 53 29 44 26 683 638 134 11 WAGE EARNERS— NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Pri- mary horse- power. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. 314,706 248,144 61,288 2,252 3,022 525,236 148 148 82 1,656 1,535 21 734 ' 198 88 110 157 556 282 268 6 1,142 44 40 4 16 247 241 6 430 3,119 2,042 884 89 104 1,103 319 120 163 9 27 214 3,913 1,179 2,290 44 400 1,575 1,309 1,281 21 7 1,099 6,608 5,012 1,509 31 56 3,847 745 727 18 3,225 323 263 56 4 169 280 194 80 2 4 94 169 72 91 5 1 39 7 7 10 906 456 432 9 9 1,274 168 149 15 4 73 1,942 1,922 20 3,022 12, 100 12,042 54 4 7,232 1.912 1,908 4 1,584 9,731 9, 680 51 14,576 162 150 12 780 138 130 4 1 3 26 94 93 1 36 35.820 17,729 17,140 260 691 2,916 5,980 1,990 3,930 6 54 698 1,030 575 424 18 13 2,575 561 415 121 6 19 828 3,826 1,320 2,250 8 248 3,045 1,205 1,199 6 1,984 4,003 3, .589 383 22 9 2,859 974 65 793 25 91 1'20 1,1.34 1,038 70 20 6 1,499 64 00 3 1 79 52 42 8 2 36 5,988 4,178 1,762 40 8 6,443 325 314 2 9 422 514 ■285 213 8 8 210 32 29 3 11 35,010 33, 983 916 100 11 54,876 377 212 161 1 3 59 2,016 228 1,716 4 68 ,562 10,270 9,874 244 148 4 14,371 1,785 1,345 414 15 11 1,060 1,139 404 684 17 34 570 126 62 58 5 1 13 714 692 20 2 2,207 190 151 26 13 100 509 357 145 5 2 61 802 128 010 3 61 167 192 192 3,024 39 34 1 4 185 7,514 7,514 79, 456 979 812 141 12 14 294 13 12 1 6 2,251 1,871 350 15 15 804 2,875 2,872 3 6,212 2, 8,35 2,784 51 15,666 10, 774 10,612 25 137 2.5,917 1,413 1,411 1 1 3,002 080 530 133 10 i 495 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES. 745 AND TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 RUT LESS THAN .-iO.OOO INHABITANTS: 1909. OITIKS OP 60,000 INUABITAIVTS OR MORK, RV INDUSTRIKN. O M I O A O O. Capital. EXPENSES. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Value of products. Value added by manu- facture. Officiais. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel an6 30,806 93, 072 6, 820 5, 688 51,824 672 13,300 201 14, 567 119,296 118,624 27 36,521,124 76, 619; 182 1,238,383 3 , 053; 397 15,776; 654 256,588 42,511,450 876,932 70, 704 5, 185, 138 7 , 649', 936 85, 296; 407 42, 528; 369 28 5,193,048 14, 136,673 308,535 606,487 2,996,959 48,441 8,609,808 272, 153 14,392 501,714 778, 184 15,676,925 7,018,676 29 8,696,361 18, 199,207 255, 783 822,389 520,858 87,201 14,881,755 152,503 40,597 33, 183 1,404,938 19,593,188 4,624,232 30 1,720,693 1,674,660 87,921 181,994 339,365 13,202 750,334 22,566 8,443 5, 150 265,685 1,837,558 1,074,022 31 5,275,044 9,815,864 216,278 421,336 1,249,942 99,694 6,603,701 145,244 18,587 750 1,060,332 11,222,436 4,519,041 32 1,860,251 3,044,282 83, 127 26,453 600,885 38,430 2, 149,478 20,338 8,851 5, 175 111,645 3,368, 165 1, 180,257 33 12,215,669 10,532,659 389,877 269,584 2,472,424 107,514 6,355,490 ISO, 120 55,261 5,085 697,304 12,241,950 5, 778, 946 34 924,802 1,477,407 65,869 83,742 339,508 3,600 701,084 25,646 1,182 256, 776 1,778,921 1,074,237 35 1,796,438 1,634,318 115,686 83,834 553,864 34,039 646,366 29,477 8,372 985 161,695 1,895,418 1,215,013 36 179,200 257,710 7,660 13,300 36,920 905 146,320 3,250 623 200 48,532 339,735 192,510 37 71,764 201,740 13,000 14,874 36,043 1,639 113, 103 6,653 339 16,089 231,884 117, 142 38 16,623,727 18,824,304 581,773 788, 138 3,859,677 144,479 11,260,995 254,504 77,712 30,547 1,826,479 20,668,505 9,263,031 39 181,098 396,971 19,880 5,141 214,222 12,670 94,478 28, 155 840 21,585 484,045 376,897 40 641, 101 1, 101,255 66,262 73,075 218,480 7,325 560,672 30,874 1, 183 18,845 124,539 1,289,110 721, 113 41 109,771 142,098 19,340 37,050 14,596 166 61,750 3,318 83 5,795 164,437 102,521 42 90,049,533 80,149,864 3,728,983 3,578,5.59 20,489,963 1,574,500 39, 1.80,970 979,392 419,028 941,058 9,257,411 89,669,362 48,913,892 43 959, 109 1,565,374 49, 408 58, 773 224,832 2,946 1,057,399 68, 709 1,884 20,370 81,053 1,902,507 842, 162 44 2,339,851 5,745,904 152,515 230, 786 820, 156 10, 196 3,866,417 74,901 15, 156 16,959 558,818 6,122,344 2,245,731 45 16,373,435 18, 799, 188 725,640 728, 763 6,025,901 247, 147 8,848,519 304,683 88,666 55, 147 1,774,722 20,512,384 11,416,718 46 2,706,026 4,141,999 330,396 257,313 914,339 36,353 2,087,957 86, 150 7,378 10,459 411,654 4,683,034 2,558,724 47 899,939 2,005,800 64,256 65,307 441,017 17,048 1,290,604 20,977 4,046 102, .545 2,181,350 873,698 48 65,747 209,833 14,050 1,274 61, 183 1, 163 126, 702 3,060 174 2,227 225,806 97,941 49 2, 181, 134 4,642,841 72,910 113,890 452,288 139,039 3,641,918 7,995 11,874 400 202,527 4,947,923 1, 166,966 50 286,579 .390,541 26, 665 30, 484 101,247 4,110 162,623 21,816 896 1,990 40,710 466,874 300, 141 51 279,637 902,607 37,469 26,320 266,879 5,978 472,532 30, 171 963 5,286 57,009 1,046,485 567,975 52 908,497 1,298,276 31,356 58,715 288,518 9,256 773,457 26,040 1,575 18,822 90,537 1,477,380 694,067 53 1,136,271 426,202 31,804 10,520 153,000 89,916 36,041 5,400 9,253 3,682 86,586 569, 133 443, 176 54 254,387 316,498 29,600 42,496 25,508 5,394 158,859 4,320 939 49,382 415,025 250,772 55 32,576,734 37,399,885 344,061 634,303 5,603,458 1,805,881 27,217,511 5,800 158,378 1,630,493 45,983,782 16,960,390 56 1,573,730 2,233,656 83,586 109,919 605,931 13,885 1,204,429 67,363 5, 164 2,006 141,373 2,634,642 1,416,328 34,067 71G 12,974 252 52,910 1, 140 56 2, 477 S' ,RS3 84 79:1 58 2, 877; 179 5, 294 ; 532 173, 160 193,380 1,173,773 34,578 3,244,983 116; 068 14,947 4,990 338; 053 5,861,234 2,58i;673 59 14,485,671 13,100,560 147,964 94,438 1,417,978 135, 496 10,652,378 26,230 31,545 6,500 588,031 13,243,5.59 2,455,676 60 29,384,856 16,610,966 638, 049 506, 785 2,377,783 347,233 4,502,504 4, 109, 156 4, 129, 456 19, 404 14 r,R7 61 17,694,605 30 ;. 350 ; 578 820, 189 627,766 6', 148, 867 253,931 20,513,864 237,334 101 ; 109 187,828 1,459,090 32, 708, 725 11,940,930 62 2,5.57,400 3,370,769 160,818 68,744 1,136,923 53,858 1,659,866 41,604 12,069 100,257 136,030 3,C39,750 2,216,036 63 837,173 2,089,270 62,620 72,840 371,003 15,226 1,333,631 55,656 2,599 1,859 173,830 2,377,332 1,028,475 746 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. Table III.— DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, AND All other industries embrace; Artificial stone, 3; awnings, tents, and sails, 1; baking powders and yeast, 2; brooms, 1; canning and preserving, 1; cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies, 3; cars and general shop construction and repairs by street-railroad companies, 1; cars, steam railroad, not Including operations of railroad companies, 1; chemicals, 2; clothing, women’s, 1; cooperage and wooden goods, not elsewhere specified, 3; flour-mill and gristmill products, 6; food preparations, 1; foundry supplies, 2; furniture and refrigerators, 2; gas, illummating and heating, 1; glass, 1; ice, manufactured, 2; iron and steel, steel works and PK O R I A. 1 All Industries 283 7,323 2 Bread and other bakery products 39 274 3 Carriages and wagons and materials 8 78 4 Cooperage and wooden goods, not else- where specified. 5 543 5 Copper, tm, and sheet-iron products 9 283 6 Flour-mill and gristmill products 4 54 7 Foundry and machine-shop prodsots 20 488 8 Leather goods 4 .55 9 Liquors, distilled 4 652 10 Liquors, malt 3 228 11 Lumber and timber products 6 190 12 Models and patterns, not including paper patterns. 4 16 13 Printing and publishing 32 513 14 Tobacco manufactures 36 369 15 All other industries ' 109 3,580 242 312 574 214 5,981 5,213 722 46 6,201 39 5 11 2.5 194 136 58 193 9 2 4 63 63 69 2 16 9 2 514 514 540 12 16 7 9 239 172 60 7 232 6 2 7 5 34 34 35 10 35 13 10 420 419 1 416 7 1 7 3 37 37 37 17 46 7 582 549 33 640 17 13 1 197 192 189 7 10 2 166 166 191 5 11 11 9 25 33 99 31 325 264 .50 11 342 41 3 13 4 308 236 67 5 318 79 155 344 lU 2,891 2,420 44S 23 2,990 5,413 742 39 7 16,266 136 57 172 69 62 540 910 167 58 7 196 35 326 415 1 9S6 37 10 604 36 3,367 184 ' 990 191 458 0 24 278 53 11 410 244 69 4 1 2,504 463 17 6 8,355 I All other industries embrace; Agricultural imi)lements, 1; artificial stone, 2; awnings, touts, and sails, 2; baking powders and yeast, 2; bluing, 1; boxes, cigar, 2; „ . .. . . . - . ... . . . . ving, 2; carpets, rag, 5; cars and STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 747 TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 BUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909— Continued. VITlliS OI<' 50,000 IIVIIABITAIVTS OK MORK, BV INBU^iTKIBS— Continued. C H 1 C A O O— Continued. Capital. EXPENSES. Vaiue of products. Vaiue added by manu- facture. Total. Services. Materials. Miscellaneous. Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Uent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 64 *361,820 *528, 395 $22,883 $24,388 $226,834 $11, 122 $150,211 $29,962 $839 $300 $61,856 $686,538 $525,205 65 502,446 492,618 36,041 20,842 198,872 8,619 163,245 18,380 2,158 72 44,389 614,307 442,443 66 17,335, 144 9,909,001 387,874 424,389 3,034,442 77,820 4,770,031 65,890 65, 940 14, 144 1,068,471 11,487,464 6,639,613 67 13,830,299 16,580,211 555,593 1,031,417 995,733 129,536 11,715,496 58,945 67,540 6,144 2,019,807 18,942,448 7,097,416 68 1,366,605 2,548,480 137,041 152,713 409,922 27, 181 1,365,658 67,473 44, 199 70,577 273,716 2,830,764 1,437,915 69 5,376,754 8,716,806 525, 917 985,836 631,706 49,779 3, 166,260 167,865 30,998 69,740 3,088,705 10,359,984 7,143,945 70 708,269 642,709 54,005 27,006 156,562 6,402 311,382 9,126 3,919 500 73,807 739,857 422,073 71 901,851 1,887,293 161,552 178,971 848,224 25,250 396,593 61,865 5,093 24,060 185,685 2,156,055 1,734,212 72 47,982,013 63,666,450 4,105,807 6,619,033 15,077,167 648,615 20,606,956 1,479,378 207,929 4,461,763 10, 459,802 74,210,809 52,955,238 73 93,795 155, 119 22,376 6,312 38,292 2,152 69, 784 5,630 286 10,287 179,041 107, 105 74 251,977 323,529 15,900 11,970 52,875 5,448 194,528 12,517 462 29,829 381,363 181,387 75 1,858,412 332,541 10,700 7,348 173,502 18,867 88, 873 2,264 11,828 288 18,871 359, 033 261,293 76 115,311,628 314,771,683 844,656 4,690,317 11,984,893 1,248,511 284,001,894 150, 748 489,609 229, 196 11,131,859 325,061,657 39,811,252 77 816, 079 2,405,526 39,650 31,544 63,277 17,914 2,219, 200 6,628 1,772 26,541 2,573,769 336,655 78 11, 473, 794 18,621,802 203,094 1,129,894 1,035,233 258,327 13,529, 132 27,320 48,952 19,468 2,370,382 19,939,041 6, 151,582 79 156,862 355,569 20,369 21,375 61,942 5, 130 188, 452 9,835 343 29,717 18,406 407,890 214,308 80 777,366 1,156,678 106,926 79,798 472,376 26, 593 289,335 SO, 493 2,122 4,784 124,251 1,282,292 966,364 81 2,545,769 2,663,609 126,292 145, 495 725,632 28,929 1,127,737 26,833 14,614 8, 150 459,927 3, 182, 745 2,026,079 82 1,658, 164 1,843,072 83,031 288,851 279,012 13,801 902,736 23,215 4,677 1,150 246,599 2,074,528 1,157,991 83 10,331,461 14,010,348 215, 765 501,065 2,784,763 49, 577 6,672,129 174,336 1,935,886 2,508 1,674,319 16,632,515 9,910,809 84 1,852, 184 1,188,289 100,600 100, 696 302, 566 12,926 362, 459 46,703 3,754 5,562 253,023 1,247,937 872, 552 85 326,870,538 200,086,816 5,200, 020 5,944,092 28,399,469 17,484, 179 125,107,197 1,958,736 1,941,208 258, 164 13,793,751 234, 103,550 91,512,174 and instrument cases, 5; kaolin and CTound earths, 2; labels and tags, 12; lard, refined, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments, 1; lasts, 2; lead, bar, pipe, and sheet, 2; lime, 2; liquors, distilled, 2; looking-glass and picture frames, 61; malt, 9; miUinery and lace goods, 100; millstones, 1; mineral and soda waters, 63; mirrors, 9; moving pictures, 3; mucilage and paste, 5; oil, linseed, 5; oil, not elsewhere specified, 11; oleomargarine, 3; optical goods, 7; paper and wood pulp, 2; paper patterns, 2; paving materials, 4; peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling, 1; pens, fountain, stylographic, and gold, 6; phonographs and graphophones, 1; pipes, tobacco, 2; pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products, 12; roofing materials, 8; rules, ivory and wood, 1; safes and vaults, 2; sand and emery paper and cloth, 1; saws, 7; scales and balances, 9; screws, machine, 2; screws, wood, 2; sewing machines, cases, and attachments, 4; show cases, 14; signs and advertising novelties, 43; silk and silk goods, including throwsters, 2; smelting and refining, lead, 2; soda-water apparatus, 5; sporting and athletic goods, 20; springs, steel, car and carriage, 4; stationery goods, not elsewhere specified, 18; statuary and art goods, 12; sugar and molasses, 1; sulphuric, nitric, and mixed acids, 1; tin foil, 2; toys and games, 17; typewriters and suppUes, 8; umbrellas and canes, 2; upholstering materials, 9; vault lights and ventilators, 5; vinegar and cider, 2; wall paper, 4; wall plaster, 2; washiing machines and clothes wringers, 7; waste, 2; whips, 2; windmills, 1; window shades and fijctures, 35; wirework, including wire ro^ and cable, 33; wood, turned and carved, 37; wool pulling, 10; wool scouring, 3; woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool hats, 4. EAST ST. EOVIS. 1 $31,297,548 $16,701,465 $338, 170 $352,379 $3,250,104 $526, 644 $10, 913, 432 $33, 626 $176, 436 $2,470 $1,108,204 $18,227,960 $6,787,884 2 128,352 279,716 5,980 18,572 52,999 6,099 171,050 8,064 706 16,246 336, 176 159,027 3 54,972 42,575 1,040 520 14,954 933 22,864 700 313 1,251 66,041 32,244 4 5 52,680 2,031,248 157,843 1,750,212 70,709 988 37,078 66,262 512,587 722 78,190 81,618 974,575 1,972 3,460 306 5,680 5,975 67,933 183,350 1,871,563 101,010 818,798 6 405,001 313,363 8,139 10,681 62, 179 4,314 207,481 200 754 19,615 327,760 115,965 7 147,500 93,256 10, 192 6,949 38,217 1,251 25,278 4,600 687 2,470 3,612 105,290 78,761 8 9 19,242 28,458,553 26,552 14,037,948 242, 110 277,591 9, 144 2,493,762 08 436, 107 12,034 9,418,532 754 13,876 3,028 164,962 1,564 992,008 39,763 15,308,017 27,701 5,454,378 rolling mills, 2; iron and steel forgings, 2; kaolin and ground earths, 1; leather goods, 1; liquors, malt, 3; marble and stone work, 3; mattresses and spring beds, 1; mineral and soda waters, 3; paint and varnish, 4; paper and wood pulp, 1; patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations, 2; roofing materials, 1; slaughtering and meat packing, 1; springs, steel, car and carriage, 1; surgical appliances and artificial limbs, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 1. PEORIA. 1 $24,945, 147 $59,091,889 $719,862 $611, 012 $3,551,905 $551,233 $17,221,973 $91,942 $34,831,328 $39, 287 $1,473,347 $63, 061, 155 $45, 287, 949 2 288,736 640,591 10.840 11,194 103,840 12,914 468,754 8,607 1,341 1 23, 100 763,789 282, 121 3 106, 144 124,887 2,400 2,008 41,174 1,925 66,709 3,136 303 7,232 140,825 72, 191 4 934,737 1,096,729 39,396 10,696 172,243 16,703 823,261 1,160 1,129 32,141 1,152,842 312,878 5 414,619 6.52,365 22,622 10,050 129,834 3,611 449, 103 4,992 2,329 860 28,964 684,351 231, a37 6 199,029 741,999 535 7,993 22,352 5,411 634,257 1,111 100 70,240 759,334 119,666 7 915,052 961,360 55,9.53 19,053 315, 166 16,419 498,590 5, .812 2,566 4,000 43,801 1,081,520 566,511 8 29,997 61,845 960 5,080 23,620 313 20,968 1,950 306 8,648 72,275 50,994 9 5,959,380 42,983,697 94,758 54,630 380, 451 184,723 7,293,689 601 34,558,162 24,235 392; 448 44,570,013 37,09i;601 10 2,211,181 726, 139 69,200 12, 265 142,902 23,042 175, 564 162,864 140,302 1,101,015 902,409 11 366,076 351,198 16,338 3,909 120 , 489 2i862 18i;i88 2,480 2;091 21,841 398,270 214 ; 220 12 14,905 13,021 8,650 652 1,699 1,200 67 753 20,915 18, ,564 13 600, 138 690, 175 74, 494 92,934 208,709 13,649 207,060 14,967 1,640 10,091 66,571 881,477 660,768 14 272,890 545, 687 6,595 7,968 203,985 735 238,983 3,340 54,668 29,413 646,691 406,973 15 12,626,263 9,502,196 325,771 373,232 1,678,430 268,274 6, 162, 148 43,697 42,751 607,893 10,787,838 4,357,416 electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors, 2; gas, illuminating and heating, 1; grease and tallow, 2; hand stamps and stencils and brands, 1; ice, manufactured, 2; jewelry, 3; liquors, vinous, 1; malt, 2; marble and stone work, 5; mattresses and spring beds, 1; mineral and soda waters, 7; mucilage and paste, 1; paint and varnish, 1; paper and wood pulp, 2; paper goods, not elsewhere specified, 1; patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations, 7; photo-engravmg, 1; scales and balances, 1; slaughtering and meat packing, 3; soap, 1; soda-water apparatus, 1; stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves, 3; surgical appliances and artificial limbs, 1; wall plaster, 1; wirework, including wire rope and cable, 1. 748 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS Tablb 1 1 1. -DETAIL STATEMENT FOR CITIES OF 50,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE, BY INDUSTRIES, AND C'lTIKS OF &0,000 IIVIIABITAIMTS OB MORE;, BV IIVBCSTBIKS— Continued. SPRIIMCiFIKl,». INDUSTRY AND CITY, Num- ber of estah- lish- m('nts PERSONS ENGAGED IN INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS— NUMBER DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Pri- mary horse- power. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- intend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks. W age earners (average number). Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Total. 16 and over. Un- der 16. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. 1 All Industries 171 4,355 174 134 292 103 3,652 2,920 688 44 3,737 2,991 700 40 6 6,368 2 Bread and other bakery products 16 88 22 2 3 6 54 1 56 55 1 79 3 Carriages and wagons and materials 7 70 10 4 2 54 54 50 50 80 4 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron products 10 77 11 3 1 2 60 60 59 59 32 5 Fo'u’ndiT arid machine-shop* products 10 270 14 10 17 221 214 7 238 230 8 794 6 Lumber and timber products 7 176 10 9 7 3 147 141 5 1 154 148 X 1 312 7 Marble and stone work 5 36 4 2 3 1 26 26 22 22 70 8 Printing and publishing 27 549 20 34 135 39 321 273 45 3 353 300 50 3 257 9 Tobacco manufactures 30 157 31 2 2 122 103 10 9 130 110 11 9 10 All other industries ■ 69 2,932 52 68 124 42 2,646 1,995 627 24 2,675 2,017 633 19 6 4,744 1 All other industries embrace: Agricultural implements, 3; artificial stone, 4; automobiles, including bodies and parts, 1; awnings, tents, and sails, 2; boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings, 1; brick and tile, 1; brooms, 1; brushes, 1; canning and preserving, 1; carpets, rag, 1; cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies, 2; cars and general shop construction and repairs by streebrailroad companies, 1; clocks and watches, including cases and materials, 4; confec- tionery, 4; cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified, 1; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, 1; flour-mill and gristmill products, 1; food preparations, 2; CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— AEE INDUSTRIES COMBINED. 1 Alton 69 2,729 45 79 112 64 2,429 2,247 124 58 2, 818 2,606 145 67 5,453 2 Aurora 165 5,884 165 130 372 122 5,095 4,081 943 71 5', 331 4,273 984 41 33 7;906 3 Belleville 119 2,248 107 103 134 32 1,872 1,662 139 71 1,937 1,721 143 68j 5 4, 541 4 Bloomington 107 2,495 99 97 163 59 2,077 1,707 266 44 2,220 1,800 283 22 25 2,877 5 Cairo 56 1,444 51 56 69 31 1,237 1,202 32 3 1,337 1,299 35 3 4, 764 G Canton 33 1,421 39 13 80 27 1,262 1,143 111 8 1,598 1,448 141 9 3,716 7 Champaign 42 '381 44 18 33 13 '273 '253 14 6 '288 '267 15 6 476 8 Chicago IIeights 79 4,444 60 111 248 72 3,953 3,830 95 28 4,357 4,222 103 29 3 10,176 9 7 735 2 29 42 4 658 658 597 597 1,580 10 Danville 76 2,044 76 80 108 36 1,744 1,605 127 12 2,063 1,898 151 11 3 3; 258 11 Decatur 157 3,447 148 163 310 127 2,699 2,213 402 84 2,892 2,371 432 67 22 6,447 12 Elgin 115 6,583 100 104 192 93 6,094 3,644 2,352 98 6,337 3,790 2,447 46 54 6,059 13 Evanston 60 1,040 63 19 88 33 837 754 82 1 839 756 82 1 1,056 14 Freeport 69 3,225 56 82 149 85 2,853 2,585 245 23 3,198 2,898 275 23 2 4', 412 15 Galesburg 62 1,738 58 74 no 31 1,465 1,266 186 13 1,595 1,379 202 2 12 1,968 16 Jacksonville 57 1,096 58 27 49 15 947 700 234 13 081 725 242 8 6 1,189 17 Joliet 1.37 7,266 128 138 4.81 136 6,383 5,834 523 26 6,942 6,346 571 8 17 37,744 18 Kankakee 55 1,552 60 38 84 21 1,349 938 348 63 1,455 1,012 375 22 46 3,988 19 La Salle 29 1,439 24 32 79 11 1,293 1,266 9 18 1,359 1,330 10 10 8,795 20 Lincoln 40 308 49 15 19 5 '220 204 15 1 246 228 17 1 '385 21 Mattoon 35 1,102 39 21 79 15 048 916 32 1,013 979 34 1,019 22 Moline GO 6', 106 44 142 372 99 5.449 5,225 180 44 5,777 5, .540 190 46 i 10,230 23 Oak Park 23 362 21 9 36 14 282 276 6 255 250 758 24 Quincy 235 5,056 201 213 440 170 4,032 3,242 730 60 4,159 3,345 752 42 20 7,557 25 Rock Island 74 2,179 51 111 198 65 1,754 1,596 112 46 2,058 1,872 132 54 3,173 26 Rockford 205 10,523 208 278 456 272 9,309 7,615 1,499 195 OiOlO 8,107 1,591 113 99 16,217 27 Streator 45 1,409 44 33 34 23 1,275 1,109 108 58 1,588 1.382 134 70 2 3,140 28 Waukegan 59 3,773 146 121 320 96 3,090 2,790 281 19 3,543 3,199 322 15 7 23,144 STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES 749 TOTALS FOR ALL INDUSTRIES IN CITIES OF 10,000 RUT LESS THAN 50,000 INHABITANTS: 1909— Continued. CITIKK OF 60,000 INHABITANTS OK HOKE;, BY INDCSTKIES— Continued. S P K I IV O F 1 E I. D. Capital. EXPENSES. Value of products. • Value added by manu- facture. Total. Services, Materials. Miscellaneous. Officials. Clerks. Wage earners. Fuel and rent of power. Other. Rent of factory. Taxes, including internal revenue. Contract work. Other. 1 $7, 174,014 $7,548,771 $227,730 $237, 982 $2,095,552 $146,986 $4. 057, 121 $39, 895 $112,280 $36,351 $594, 874 $8, 497, 245 $4,293,138 2 124,291 245,593 3,000 4,413 43,444 4,665 177,308 2,310 889 9,564 309,692 127,719 3 100,221 85,740 3,903 190 34,518 1,717 39,657 3,100 537 2,118 98,478 57,104 4 79,059 141,922 3,244 1,343 38,916 1,112 89.285 2,248 278 471 5,025 178, 129 87, 732 5 647,337 471,849 13, 728 13,798 134,781 14,515 240,223 3,049 2,938 775 48,042 482,383 227,645 6 219,924 225,688 7,956 5,823 89,048 2,251 108,079 500 939 11,092 242,213 131,883 7 95,717 89,986 3,600 6,117 20,009 1,050 50,688 1,175 373 3,526 3,448 119,007 67,269 8 583,706 664,038 44.674 88,209 202,737 10,769 151,829 12,504 2,387 29,260 121,669 738,955 576,357 9 53,911 171,468 2,920 1,140 61,129 741 71,995 3,293 17,916 12,334 206, 158 133,422 10 5,269 848 5,452,487 144,705 1 116,949 1,470,970 110, 166 3,128,057 11,716 86,023 2,319 381,582 6,122,2.30 2,884,007 furnishing goods, men’s, 1; gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors, 2; gas, illuminating and heating, 1; hair work, 1; ice, manufactured, 3; leather goods, 5; liquors, malt, 1; mattresses and spring beds, 1; mineral and soda waters, 3; optical goods, 1; paint and varnish, 1; patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ prepa- rations, 2; shoddy, 1; slaughtering and meat packing, 2; wall plaster, 1. CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 IIVHABITAIVTS — AEE INDUSTRIES COMBINED. 1 $5,585,240 $9, 618,321 $162,721 $135,905 $1,527,958 $209,223 $7,053,039 $14,802 $43,275 $10,321 $461,077 $10,096,333 $2,834,071 2 11,427,258 10,255,526 250,227 471,296 2,936,486 258, 816 5,321,615 34, 191 87, 518 19,886 875, 491 10,954,175 5,37.3,744 3 5,541,452 4,180,387 171,926 123, 640 1,062,160 89,063 2,235,262 9,655 111,885 7,429 369,367 4, 614, 698 2,290,373 4 4,761,817 4,35.5,961 148,961 176, 481 1, 186,253 110,871 2,416,247 23,326 26, 707 10,306 256,809 4,867,930 2,340,812 5 4,853,881 4,099, 193 95,294 82,924 628,429 52,814 2,903,733 49,380 30,862 130 255, 627 4, 440, 148 1,483,601 6 8,189,392 2,443, 161 27,905 100,944 691, 543 41,795 1,141,600 4,747 35, 613 460 398,554 2,941,625 1,758,230 7 894, 734 720,692 21,850 30, 148 174, 472 33, 405 385,938 7,919 6,507 60, 453 846, 489 427,146 8 10,420,527 9, 475, 197 311,971 293, 651 2, 471, 087 321,783 5,289,636 39,685 34, 724 3,419 709, 241 10,839, 268 5,227,849 9 2,496, 100 1,403,638 53,729 4.3,365 406, 154 82,961 649,918 1,500 17,069 4,706 144,236 1,461,164 728, 285 10 2,656,033 3,022,789 117,200 118,973 1,077,341 86,737 1, 343, 135 19, 547 43,260 3,863 212, 733 3,350,596 1,920,724 11 6,579,494 8,628,270 270,503 338,317 1,419,925 103,822 5,813,733 42,329 58,038 5,511 576,092 9,767,988 3,850,433 12 16,078,632 9, 430, 657 275,800 215,014 3,379,222 178,300 4,360,011 26,974 128,884 2,000 864, 452 11,119,670 6,581,359 13 4,241, 198 3,329,854 44, 7.38 133,012 589,557 141,570 2,208,510 10,886 12, 398 37, 705 151, 478 3,778,298 1, 428, 218 14 6,402,8.38 6,881,443 135, 658 170,851 1,570,371 123, 260 4,294, 150 12,357 53, 406 1,293 520,097 7,811,277 3,393,867 15 2,454,346 2,721,546 94,574 106,574 887, 130 92,271 1,324,059 13, 175 13, 708 3,069 186,986 2,919,091 1,502,761 16 1,502,781 2,036,443 40,871 42,766 487, 125 46, 409 1,260,792 8, 109 34,842 9,227 106,302 2,298,700 991, 499 17 25,586,161 34,908,578 319,979 610, 184 4, 435, 478 6,508,486 21,249, 684 21,055 239,907 74,721 1, 449, 084 38,816,523 11,058,353 18 2,599,115 2, 516, 166 64,432 40,886 621,993 69, 288 1,424,036 7, 1.38 43,888 1,980 242, 525 2,723,171 1,229,847 19 4,392,559 4,360,118 148, 101 176,379 856, 199 518, 332 2, 409, 397 3,844 21, .344 226, 522 5,307,551 2,379,822 20 611,472 483,466 17,334 14,286 11.5,214 19,806 269,869 5,820 6,541 34,596 570,243 280,568 21 831,933 1,380,872 25,823 67,741 561, 480 39,829 628, 620 3,756 5,800 1,404 46, 419 1, 434, 420 765, 971 22 26,333,647 17,412,515 433,879 453,963 3,522,729 243, .371 10,945,928 25,913 69,288 15,168 1,702,276 20,891,668 9, 702, .369 23 6,060,795 734, 654 23,247 33,762 196,602 219, 106 171,781 3,886 14,965 19,328 51,977 1, 117, 697 726,810 24 11,906, 181 10,257,065 311,541 368,319 2,082,998 249, 450 5,542, 635 63,713 203,593 57,508 1,377,308 11,435,572 5, 643, 487 25 9,287,204 4,718,891 184,904 181,212 1,025,755 107,913 2,709,728 11,337 108,838 870 388,334 5,386, 776 2, 569, 1.35 26 22,411,997 19,347,702 550,836 579,982 5, 213, ,365 375, 49.3 10,206,279 64,280 108,238 37,744 2,211,485 22,265,740 11,683,968 27 4,587,764 1,876, 150 63,613 39, 652 643, 563 195,807 621,247 7,608 18,558 1,000 285, 102 2, 1.37,252 1,320, 198 28 17,091,961 18, 103,066 232,961 353,344 2,102,504 721,338 13,442,924 157,503 67,286 8,570 1,016, 636 19,984,082 5,819,820 . ’( ' 1 / l■(f' I' rf'4»,i:.:';-i:<^.V;i » .'r;j;ti %'i H'fr'iWij’f :‘ rn ■•■ UM> «i' -:«.«>. tf*c nh ‘i<'»‘w#r)r'»«'!»',!!(‘««‘t«tMf 'iio' of>^ ' . - , *< -yv ' . 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Introduction. — Tho present chapter contains a com- plete statement of the statistics of all mining indus- tries, which include all mines, quarries, and wells, in the state of Illinois for the year 1909, as shown by the Thirteenth Census. A brief explanation of the scope of the census of mining industries and of the terms used, in so far as the usage differs from that followed in the census of manufactures, is presented below in order to prevent any misinterpretation of the statistics. The explanations here given show the usage of the mining census generally, though some of the special rules have obviously no relation to particular states in which the industries referred to do not exist. Scope of census. — The Thirteenth Census covered all classes of mines, quarries, and petroleum and gas wells that were in operation during any portion of the year 1909, both those which were produc- ing and those whose operations were confined to development work. Mines, quarries, or wells that were idle during the entire year 1909 were omitted from the canvass. The following operations were likewise omitted from the canvass: Prospecting; the digging or dredging of sand and gravel for the construction of roads and for building operations; the production of mineral waters; and the operation of small bituminous coal banks producing less than 1,000 tons annually. Where the mineral products are not marketed in their crude condition, but are dressed or washed at the mine or quarry, the statistics of mining cover the entire work of obtaining the crude material and its preparation for the market. Period covered. — The returns cover the calendar year 1909, or the business year which corresponds most nearly to that calendar year. The statistics cover a year’s operations, except for enterprises which began or discontinued business during the year. Number of operators. — ^As a rule, the unit of enumeration was the “operator.” Every individual, firm, or corporation was required to furnish one report for all mines, quarries, or wells which were operated under the same management or for which one set of books of account was kept. Separate reports were obtained for all properties operated in different states, even where they were owned by the same operator. Likewise, where the operations of one individual, firm, or corporation covered more than one class of mines and quarries, such as coal, iron, limestone, etc., a separate report was received for each industry. Number of mines, quarries, and wells. — This figure represents the total number of mines and quarries in operation or in the course of development at any time during the calendar year 1909, or the business year that corresponds most nearly to that calendar year, and the number of completed petroleum and natural-gas wells in operation on Dece'mber 31, 1909. In most mining and quarrying industries the number of mines or quarries varies but little from the number of operators. Expenses of operation and development.— A certain amount of development work is incidental to the operation of every mine. The expenses reported for producing mines include the cost both of operation and of development work which was done in connection with operation. Wages. — The amount shown as wages includes only the com- pensation of regular wage earners hired by the day, week, or month, or under the piecework system. Supplies and materials. — This item includes the cost of lumber and timber used for repairs, mine supports, track ties, etc.; iron and steel for blacksmithing; rails, frogs, sleepers, etc., for tracks and repairs; renewals of tools and machinery and materials for repairs; and supplies, explosives, oil, etc., as well as the cost of fuel and the rent of power. The schedule called only for the cost of such supplies and materials as had been used during the year covered by the report. Accurate figures, however, could be furnished only in those cases where the operators kept an account of supplies and materials used, or had an inventory made of all in stock at the beginning and at the end of the year. Such a system of accounting is far from general among mine operators, and there is reason to believe that in many cases the reported cost of supplies and materials covered all purchased during the year rather than those used during the year. The crude product of some operators was purchased by others for further dressing or refining; the cost of such materials is shown separately in the general table. Capital. — The census schedule required every operator to state the total amount of capital invested in the enterprise on the last day of the business year reported, as shown by his books. There is, however, a great diversity in the methods of bookkeeping in use by different operators. As a result, the statistics for capital lack uni- formity. Some of the figures reported apparently represent capital stock at face value; others include large investments in mineral lands which are not at present being actively mined, but are held in reserve; still others may include expenditures for unproductive mining ventures in no way related to the operations carried on during the census year. Persons engaged in mining industries. — The statistics of the num- ber of operators and officials, clerks, and wage earners, are based on the returns for December 15, or the nearest representative day. The reported number of wage earners includes overseers and fore- men performing work similar to that of the men over whom they have charge; those whose duties are wholly supervisory are classed as superintendents and managers. Because of the common practice of shutting down mines at frequent intervals, it is impossible to ascertain with any satisfactory degree of accuracy the average num- ber of employees — that is, the number who, if continuously em- ployed, would lie required to produce the actual output of the year. Value of products. — Statistics of the value of mineral products were obtained by the Bureau of the Census in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, but the two bureaus follow dif- ferent methods in presenting these statistics. The Geological Sur- vey shows separately the value of each mineral product, whereas the Bureau of the Census presents the value of products of each mining industry. The value of products given for a mining indus- try often includes the value of some products not covered by the in- dustry designation. The crude product of metalliferous mines may include varying combinations of metals, siich as gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and iron. Similarly, the total value of all products of the granite quarries is not identical with the value of the total out- put of granite, but may include the value of some marble or other stone quarried in connection with the principal product. The value of products for 1909 in most cases represents the value of the products marketed during that year, not the value of those mined during that year. ( 751 ) 752 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. MINING IN ILLINOIS. Summary. — Statistics for all mining enterprises in the state of Illinois arc presented in Table 7, which gives statistics for all mdustries combined and for producing enterprises separately in all cases where the statistics could bo given without disclosing the operations of an individual enterprise. Statistics for nonproducing enterprises are also given separately from produemg eiiterprises. Illinois ranked second among the states in the value of the products of muihig industries in 1909, Pennsylvania being the only state to report products of greater value. The gross value of the products for the state was $76,658,974. Deducting from this amount, $101,980, the value of the lead and zinc ore and natural gas sold by some operators and used as materials or resold by others, leaves $76,556,994 as the net value of the products. The principal industry was bituminous coal mining, which reported products valued at $53,030,545. This figure represents 69.3 per cent of the total net value of the products of all mines, quarries, and wells. The value of the products of petroleum and natural gas wells, the industry sec- ond in importance, amounted to $18,883,102. For the five enterprises shown in the column "All other,” in Table 7, the expenses of operation and development exceeded the value of the products. This Was due in part to unprofitable mining ventures and in part to expenditures for development work resulting in permanent improvements to the mining properties. Character of organization. — Table 1 classifies the produchig mining operations of the state under form of organization, distinguishing corporations from individual owners and firms, while Table 2 gives further details for incorporated enterprises distin- guished from those which are unincorporated. Table 1 PRODUCING ENTERPRISES 1909 INDUSTRY AND CHARACTER OP Num- Number of wage earners. Value of products. Per cent distribution. ORGANIZATION. her of opera- tors. Total. Per operator. Oper- ators. Wage earn- ers. Value of prod- ucts. AU industries. . 915 82,436 $76,658,974 $83,780 100.0 100.0 100,0 Individual 211 2, 979 1,997,825 9, 408 23. 1 3.0 2.0 Firm 298 2, 491 4,563,781 15,315 32.6 3.0 0.0 Corporation .191 70, 036 08, 440, 973 175,041 42. 7 9.3.0 89. ,3 Otlier 1.5 .330 1,650, .395 110,420 l.G 0.4 2.2 Bituminous coal 470 74, 445 53,030,545 112, 831 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 133 2,578 1,481,485 11,1.39 28.3 .3.5 2.8 Firm 91 1,925 1,127,484 12, .390 19.4 2. 0 2. 1 Corporation 2,39 69, 730 50,264,245 210,311 50.9 9.3. 7 94.8 other 7 200 157,331 22, 470 1.5 0.3 0.3 Petroleum and natural gas. . 323 4, 059 18, 895, 815 58,501 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 38 98 ;«», 092 9, 492 11.8 2.4 1.9 Firm 189 3(;o 3,, 320, 717 17,002 68.5 8.9 17.0 Corporation 88 3,477 1.3,709,342 1.55,788 27.2 R5.7 72.0 other 8 124 1,499,004 187,383 2.5 3.1 7.9 Limestone 81 3,276 3,977,359 49,103 100.0 100.0 100.0 Individual 20 172 108,984 4, 192 .32. 1 5.3 2.7 Firm 11 130 09, 219 0, 2o;i 13.0 4.0 1.7 Corporation 44 2,974 3,799,150 80, .344 51.3 90.8 95.5 Out of a total of 915 operators, 391, or 42.7 per cent, were corporations. These corporations reported 89.3 per cent of the total value of products and employed 93 per cent of all wage earners. Table 2 Incorporated. Unincor- porated. Number of operators 391 449 8,407 524 316 2,511 1,425 401 Number of mines and quarrie,s Number of wells Proprietors and firm members, total Number performing manual labor Salaried employees: Officers of corporations 373 705 1,223 76,636 $107,007,809 62,360,690 909, 641 1,019,899 1,008,506 43,798,689 2,625,140 250, 720 12,646, 121 101,980 68,440,973 Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees Wage earners, Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest representa- tive day 140 87 5,800 $9,891,898 6,351,425 Capital Expenses of operation and development Salaries — Officers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees Wages 128,562 46,047 2, 580,038 954,332 30,740 2,611,706 Royalties and rent of mines Taxes Supplies and miscellaneous expenses Cost of ore purchased and natural gas purchased and resold Value of products 8,218,001 Size of enterprises. — In Table 3 the producing min- ing enterprises of the state are classified according to the number of wage earners employed per enterprise or operating unit. Of the 82,436 wage earners reported by all enterprises, 29,297, or 35.5 per cent, were em- ployed in the 29 enterprises employing over 500 wage earners each. Table 3 PRODUCING enterprises: 1909 INDUSTRY AND WAGE EARNERS PER Enterprises. Wage earners. ENTERPRISE. Num- ber. Per cent distri- bution. Number. Per cent distri- bution. 986 100.0 82,436 100.0 11 1.1 Contract work and part-time employees. . . 1 to 5 54 5.5 310 .31.4 6,50 0.8 6 to 20 231 23.4 2,591 3.1 21 to 50 102 10.3 :i,492 4.2 51 to 100 73 7.4 5, 3,37 41,009 14, 190 0.5 101 to 500 176 17.8 49.8 501 to i,ooo 21 2.1 17.2 8 0.8 15, 107 18.3 541 100.0 74,445 100.0 2 0.4 0 1. 1 58 10.7 203 0.3 6 to 20 1.53 28.3 1 , 074 2.2 21 to 50 73 13.5 2, ,505 3.4 51 to 100 55 10.2 4.009 5.4 iol to 500 166 30. 7 39,087 .52. 5 501 to I 000 - 21 3.9 14,190 19.1 7 1.3 • 12,777 17.2 323 100.0 4,059 100.0 5 1.5 Contract v^'ork and part-time employees. . . 1 to 5 40 219 14.2 67. 8 337 8.3 37 11.5 42.3 10.4 21 to 50 7 2.2 20.3 0. 5 51 to 100 6 1.9 4.30 10. (> 3 0.9 2,000 04.2 81 100.0 3,270 100.0 2 2.5 1 t,o 5 ' 1.8 22.2 58 J.8 (Uo 20 27 .33. .3 .335 10.2 21 f()5() 10 10.8 611 1,5.0 51 to 100 J1 13.6 810 24.7 Over 100 7 8. 6 1 , 502 47.7 753 STATISTICS OF MINES AND QUARRIES. Persons employed in mining. — Of the 86,389 persons engaged in producing mines in 1909, 82,436 were wage earners, 2,528 salaried employees, and 1,425 proprietors or firm members. Of the last class, 401 performed manual labor in or about the mines. Coal mining, the leading industry, employed 74,445, or 90.3 per cent of all wage earners. Prevailing hours of labor. — In Table 4 all producing mines and quarries, except those employing no wage earners and those operated exclusively by contract work and part-time employees, have been classified accord- ing to the prevailing hours of labor per day in each enterprise or operating unit. Petroleum and natural gas wells are not included in this table, because the lack of regularity in the number of hours worked per day in a large number of enterprises rendered such classification hnpracticable. The table shows the percentage of the total number of enterprises falling in each group, and also a per cent distribution in which each enterprise has been given a weight according to the total number of wage earners employed December 15, 1909, or the nearest representative day. It should be borne in mind that this latter distribution does not show the exact proportion of the total number of employees working the specified number of hours per day, since, in some cases, a part of the employees worked a greater or less number of hours than those generally prevail'mg in the enterprise. For all industries combined, in 95 per cent of the number of enterprises weighted according to the num- ber of wage earners, the prevailing hours per day were eight or under. For bituminous coal mines the corre- sponding per cent was 99.9, while in the limestone quarries only 1.7 per cent of the enterprises were operated on this basis. In this industry a day of 10 hours prevailed in 87.7 per cent of the enterprises. Table 4 INDUSTRY AND HOURS PER DAY. PRODUCING ENTEKPR Enterprises. ISES: 1909 Per cent distribution Number. Per cent distribu- tion. of enter- prises weighted according to number of wage earners. All industries i 649 100,0 100.0 8 hours and under 535 82.4 95.0 9 hours 25 3.9 0.5 10 hours 86 13.3 4.2 12 hours 3 0.5 0.3 Bituminous coal 533 100.0 100.0 8 hours and under 523 98.1 99.9 9 hours 4 0.8 0.1 10 hours 6 1.1 0.1 Limestone 79 100.0 100.0 8 hours 6 7.6 1.7 9 hours 10 12.7 5.6 10 hours 62 78.5 87.7 12 hours 1 1.3 4.9 I Exclusive of petroleum and natural gas. Engines and power. — The aggregate horsepower em- ployed in the producing enterprises, as shown by Table 5, was 225,330, all of which, with the exception of 3,382 horsepower developed by electric motors operated by purchased current, was developed by engines owned by the enterprises using them. Table 5 PRODUCINO enterprises: 1909 CHARACTER OF POWER. Primary power; Aggregate horsepower.. . Owned Steam engines — Number Horsepower Gas or gasoline engines — Number Horsepower Electric motors operated by purchased current — Number Horsepower Electric motors run by current generated by enterprise using: Number Horsepower Total. Bitu- minous coal. Petrole- um and natural Lime- stone. All Other. gas. 225,330 166, 174 40, 615 16,342 2,199 221,948 165,925 40,615 13,209 2, 199 2, 450 1,987 247 178 38 185,471 165, 441 4,720 13, 147 2, 163 1,621 71 1,541 4 5 36, 477 484 35, 895 62 36 76 16 60 3,382 249 3,133 342 298 34 10 14,567 12, 165 2,127 275 Comparison of mining industries: 1902-1909. — ^In order to make comparisons between 1909 and 1902 it is necessary to omit from the 1902 figures, as given in the mines and quarries report for that year, statistics for the production of cement and enterprises operated by governmental institutions; to omit from the 1909 figures, as they appear in other tables in this chapter, the value of the by-products of bituminous coal mines, and to add to the 1909 statistics, figures for the produc- tion of lime, which were omitted from the census of mines and quarries in 1909. Such items as are com- parable for the two years are presented in Table 6. The greatest relative increase in the value of prod- ucts from 1902 to 1909 was in the value of petroleum and natural gas, which increased in the eight years from $2,844 to $18,895,815. Another important increase was in the value of bituminous coal from $33,945,910 to $52,999,918. Table 6 PRODUCING ENTERPRISE.S. 1909 1902 Percent of in- crease. 649,838,660 $9,973,037 $3,579,960 1 $2,360,424 $77, 214, 343 226, 124 $28,539, 154 $3,315,-552 $474, 475 $26, 016 $37,377,226 88,500 74.6 200.8 654. 5 8,973.0 106.6 155.5 Royalties and rent of mines I Exclusive of the w^es of part-time employees for the petroleum and natural gas industry, which are included under “Contract work,” in Table 7. Duplication between manufactures and mining. — In the production of limestone, peat, and sandstone some of the operators subjected the products ob- tained to certain manufacturing processes on the premises before marketing. These enterprises have been included in the statistics both for manufac- tures and for mining. As a result of this fact, the combined value of products for the manufacturing and mining industries in Illinois involves a duplication of $577,428. 754 SUPPLEMENT FOR ILLINOIS. DETAILED STATISTICS FOR MINING INDUSTRIES: 1909. 'll'aljK; 7 Number of operators Number of miuos, quarries, and wells Capital Expenses of operation and development iJervioes — Salaried officers of corporations, superin- tendents, and manii^ers Clerks and other salaried employees Wane earners Miscellaneous — Supplies Cost of ore purchased and natural gas pur- chased and resold Fuel and rent of power Royalties and rent of mines Taxes Contract work Kent of offices and other sundry expenses. Value of products Persons engaged In industry Proprietors and officials Proprietors and firm members Number performing manual labor Salaried ollicers of corporations Superintendents and managers Clerks and other salaried employees Wage earners, Dec. 15, 1909, or nearest repre- sentative day Above ground Below ground Men 16 years of age and over Engineers, firemen, mechanics, etc Aboveground Below ground Miners, miners’ helpers, quarrymen, and stonecutters Above ground Below ground All other employees Aboveground Below ground Boys under 16 years of age * Kumber of wage earners employed on the 15th day of each month: January February March April - - May June . July August - September October November December Land controlled, acres Owned Held under lease Mineral and oil land Owned Held under lease Timber land Other land I*rlmary horsepower Aggregate. PRODUCING MINES, QUARRIES, AND WELLS. Nonpro- duemg mines, quar- ries, and wells. Total. Bituminous coal. Petroleum and natural gas. Load and zinc. Lime- stone. Sand- stone. Flay (sold as such). Infu- sorial earth. All other.* 924 915 470 323 4 81 8 14 10 5 9 11,689 11,677 631 10,918 3 84 8 16 12 5 12 2 $117,469,953 3 $116,959,707 $00,426,629 $34,366,518 $183,800 $:i,on, 62 b $58,775 $.305,637 $33,900 $49,956 $510,246 $68, 861, 985 $68,718,121 $51,697,504 $13,476,053 $213,137 $2,882,939 $20,405 $95,166 $53,498 $279,419 $143,864 3 $2,059,892 3 $2,058, 102 $1,324,355 $337, 189 $7,588 $1.53,835 $5,008 $5,258 $4,890 $17,737 $1,790 3 $1,054,553 3 $1,054,553 $759,313 899, 109 «1,800 $69,332 $1,450 $120 $4,441 $46,410,023 $46', 37$; 727 $41,991,246 $2,626,371 $56, 797 $1,461,714 $9,588 $57; 942 $25, 191 $149; 878 $31,296 $8,495,362 $8,472,837 $3,939,118 $4,075,483 $13,001 $411,100 $1,050 $9,251 $3,741 $20,093 $22,525 $101,980 $101,980 $12,713 $89,207 $1,327,904 $1,325,880 $1,005,253 838, 752 $20,887 $221, 703 $303 $5,923 $9, 140 $23,859 $2,024 $3,579,553 $3,579,472 $744, 860 $2,776,008 $16,973 $34,607 $3,019 3,660 $285 $81 3 8287,641 3 $287, 400 $171,582 $72, 107 $232 $21,702 $89 $490 $253 $953 $181 3 $2,443,378 3 $2, 376, 956 $51,480 $2, 302, 651 $66,422 3 $3, 101,699 3 $3,082, 154 $1,710,297 $1; 135; 610 $6,592 $508,886 $1,348 $5; 067 $9,878 $62,458 $19; 545 $76, 658,974 $76,658,974 $53,030,545 $18,895,815 $292,453 $3,977,359 $30,360 $108,921 $59,200 $264,321 « 86,495 < 86,389 76,761 5,188 137 3,500 40 162 89 304 lOfl * 2,657 < 2, 643 1,364 1,004 5 146 12 13 IS 17 14 1,436 1,426 528 817 51 9 6 13 1 11 401 401 359 22 12 3 4 1 * 373 <373 241 44 1 41 2 1 8 < 848 <845 595 143 4 54 1 7 4 8 3 * 1,310 * 1,310 952 125 2 78 2 1 6 82,528 82,436 74,445 4,059 130 3,270 28 147 70 281 92 15,090 15,011 7,240 4,059 61 3,276 28 108 56 183 79 07,438 67, 425 67, 205 69 39 14 98 13 82; 432 82,340 74; 368 4,059 130 3,275 28 130 69 281 92 7,545 7,537 3,699 3,281 29 44S 1 13 12 53 8 6,806 6,798 2,974 3,281 24 448 1 13 12 44 8 739 739 725 5 9 56,046 56,019 53,503 62 2, 139 25 103 42 145 27 2, 356 2,342 10 2, 139 25 81 31 56 14 53', 690 53,677 53, 503 52 22 11 89 13 18; 841 is; 784 17; 166 778 39 088 2 14 14 83 57 5,922 5,865 4,262 778 27 688 2 14 11 83 57 12,919 12,919 12,904 12 96 96 77 1 17 1 74, 994 74,989 09,376 3,080 117 1,415 16 107 50 228 s 74, 299 74,294 68, 760 3,034 46 1,458 15 101 51 229 5 73, 722 73,717 07,500 3,625 26 2,080 19 99 48 251 5 68, 489 68, 478 61, 266 3,702 67 2,973 20 115 52 277 11 68, 128 68,113 60,852 3, 749 69 3,084 34 112 5] 162 15 66, 670 66,553 58, 790 3,847 75 3,372 30 114 51 265 17 67,503 67,440 59,637 3,879 81 3,359 37 123 49 275 63 67,213 67,137 59, 571 3,821 107 3,249 33 115 52 189 76 72, 105 72,004 04, 177 « 3,692 114 3,590 32 134 55 210 101 76,124 76,042 68,032 3,834 117 3,524 56 135 59 285 82 78,086 78,000 70,074 3,853 117 3, 486 38 127 70 235 86 78,342 78,268 71, 193 3,957 120 2,566 14 118 65 235 74 1,001,886 990, 389 585,366 396,135 710 4,206 468 1,551 840 1,123 11,497 443,569 441,:i32 424, 739 10,51.1 3,481 208 1,188 201 1,003 2,237 558,317 549,057 160,027 385,622 71C 725 250 363 640 120 9,260 968, 573 957,076 552, 396 396, 135 71t 4,085 458 1,551 840 901 11,497 414,452 412,215 395,905 10,511 3,36t 208 1,188 200 781 2,237 554, 121 544,861 156,431 385,022 71C 725 25C 36S 040 120 9,260 3 47? 3 472 3,255 217 29,841 29,841 29, 7ir 121 5 226,344 j 225,330 166, 174 40,615 577 16,342 33 457 180 952 1,014 1 Includes operators as follows: Fluorspar, 4; peat, 1. - Includes $18,529,864 which could not be distributed among the several industries. Exclusive of capital wliich could not bo distributed by states because it was re- ported in one lump sum by operators having raining investments in two or more states. 3 In some cases the same operator conducted two or more enterprises producing dilTorent kinds of products, all enterprises being managed through one central admin- istrative office. The total office expenses were accordingly apportioned among the several industries in proportion to the total expenses of each and the estimated amounts of such administrative expenses were added to “ Sundry expenses ” for each industry. In the totals for all enterprises, however, the expenses appear under the proper headings. The amounts included in “Rent of offices and other sundry expenses” for individual industries and properly distributed iti the total for all indus- tries are as follows: Salaried officers of corporations, superintendents, and managers, $202,242; clerks and other salaried employees, $118,988; taxes, $20,052; and contract work, $16,700. < The following numbers of persons, which could not be distributed among the several industries, are included under the proper headings in the totals for all enter- prises: Aggregate, 208; salaried officers of corporations, 35; superintendents and managers, 29; and clerks and other salaried employees, 144. 3 In the bituminous coal industry 73 boys were employed below ground, and in the clay industry, 17. INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. POPULATION. Note.— S tatistics arc Riven somewhat more frequently for cities of 100,000 inhabitants and over than for those of 25,000 to 100,000 Inhabitants. Where an asterisk (♦) follows tlio roforonco, cities of 25,(K)0 inhabitants and upward are included, otherwise the figures relate only to cities having 1(KI,(KX) inhabitants or tnore. STATISTICS FOR— United States. Divi- sions. States. Cities (see note above). Pago. Pago. Page. Page. 122-132 131 133 139, 144* 241 149 224 224 224 129 137 108 117 117 117,114* 26,27 26,27 28,29 29 193 193 79 30 77-82 82 82 239-242 107,110 iio 110 '149 219,221 97 99 59-75 108 117 117 117,114* 188-191 /196-198, \ 204 ]■ 204 210,211* 200 201 194 198,202 208 208 208 28,29 29 29 174 174 259,260 260 260 261* 260 260 259,260 260 260 261* 260 2G0 118 118 118 77-83 83 83 188-191 f 196-198, \ 204 1 204 210,211* 77-83 83 83,95 95* 194-200 198-202 216 216 216 218 77-83 83 83,95 95* / 122, \126, 128 1 131 133 92 92 118 118 118 239-249 245,249 245 / 245, \250,251* 254 255,256 256 256 257 no no no 113,114* 119 119, 119 149-156 156 219-237 227-229 227, 228 231, 233* 100, 101 100, 101 100, 101 92 92 193 193 193 193 254 254 255,256 256 256 257,251* 239-245 245,248 245,248 250,251* 249 249 23 23 23 63* 55,57 57 57 77-82 82 82 126 118 118 118 239-242 107, no no no 149 219,221 97 99 95* 244 S44 244 90 90 90 92 92 113,114* 112 112 119 119 119 99 99 99 SUBJECT. Ages, statistics of illiterates marital condition school attendance urban and rtural population Alaska, population. See pp. 22 and 62. Aliens, foroign-bom white males Apportionment Area Austria, mother tongue ofpersons bom in Belgium. See entries under Country . Blacks Bulgaria, Servia, end Montenegro. See en- tries under Country. Canada. See entries under Country. Center of population China. See entries under Country. Chinese, number iUiterates males 21 years of age and over marital condition school attendance See also entries for the group, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiatics. Cities, population Citiaenship, foreign-bom white males Counties, population. See p. 32. Country of birth, foreign bom urban and rural population Coimtry of origin, foreign white stock native whites of foreign or mixed par- entage Cuba and other West Indies. See entries imder Country. Denmark. See entries under Country. Density of population Division of birth, native population Divorced persons. See Marital condition. Dwellings urban and rural communities England. See entries under Country. Families urban and rural population Females 21 years of age and over (see also Sex). Finland. See entries under Country. Foreign born country of birth Foreign-bom whites country of birth year of arrival Foreign-bom whites as a population class, number • ages. cities of specified size, number in . . females 21 years of age and over . . . illiterates, 10 years of age and over. 10 to 14 years males 21 years and over males 21 years of age and over males 18 to 44 years of age marital condition school attendance sex urban and rural population France. See entries under Country. Germany, mother tongue o^ersons bom in . . Greece. See entries under Country. Hawaii, population. See pp. 32 and 52. Hungaiy, mother tongue of persons bora in. . Illiterate children 10 to 14 years Illiterate males 21 years of age and over Illiterates in the population, 10 years of age and over urban and mral population Increase, total population urban and rural population Indians, number ages females 21 years of age and over illiterates males 21 years of age and over marital condition school attendance sex Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiat- ics combined, number illiterates increase, 1900-1910 urban and rural population males 21 years of age and over urban and rural population males 18 to 44 years of age sex Ireland. See entries under Country. SUBJECT. Italy. Sec entries under Country. Japan. See entries under Country. Japanese, number illiterates males 21 years of age and over marital condition school attendance sex See also entries for the group, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asiatics. Males, 21 years of ago and over 18 to 44 years of age Marital condition urban and rural population Married persons. See Marital condition. Metropolitan districts. See p. 62. Mexico. See entries under Country. Migration of native population, by divisions., by states Militia age, males of Mother tongue, persons bom in Anstria, Ger- many, Hungary, and Russia Mulattoes Native bom Native population, bom in each division bora m each state living in each division living in each state Native whites foreign or mixed parentage, country of origin foreign parentage Native whites, foreign or mixed parentage, as a population class, number ages cities of specified size, number in females 21 years of age and over illiterates, 10 years of age and over 10 to 14 years males 21 years and over males 21 years of age and over males 18 to 44 years of age marital condition school attendance sex - urban and rural population. . ed parentage.. Native whites, mixe( Native white^ native parentage, as a popula- tion class. See entries under Native whites, foreign or mixed parentage. NaturMized foreign-bom white males Negro population, state of birth Negroes as a population class. See entries under Native whites, foreign or mixed par- entage. Netherlands. See entries under Country. Norway. See entries under Country. Number of inhabitants urban and rural population Population. See N umber of inhabitants. Porto Rico, population. See pp. 22 and 63. Portugal. See entries under Country. Roumania. See entries under Country. Rural population. See Urban and rural population. Russia, mother tongue of persons bom in School attendance Scotland. See entries under Country. Sex ages illiterates marital condition school attendance urban and mral population Single persons. See Marital condition. Spain. See entries under Country. State of birth of native population States, rank in population Sweden. See entries under Country. Switzerland. See entries under Country. Turkey. See entries under Country. Urban and rural population, number ages foreign-bom whites, country of birth.. year of arrival illiterates males 21 years of age and over marital condition population classes school attendance sex Voting age, males of. urban and rural population Wales. See entries under Country. White population, native, state of birth Whites Widowed persons. See Marital condition. .STATISTICS FOR — United States. Page. 77-82 239-242 107,110 149 219,221 97- 107-110 119 146-156 163 Divi- sions. Pago. 82 179 119 192 79 77-83 170-174 179 170-174 179 77,80 194-208 77,80 77-83 f 122, [126, 128 92 118 239-249 254 255,256 110 119 149-156 219-237 100,101 92 77,80 108 180 22-26 56 193 219- 238 97-103 122, 126 241 146-153 220- 237 103 179 55,56 130, 137 210 218 249 112 163 92 221,222 103 110 112 ISO 77-82 no no 119 156 172 179 119 192 83 170-174 179 170-174 179 83 208 83 83 [• 131 92 118 245,249 256 no 119 156 227-229 100,101 92 83 117 180 193 224-229 99-103 248 156 225 103 179 22 56 137 201 218 112 92 229 103 no 112 180 82 States. Page. 82 no 99 no 119 160 179 119 83 179 83 208 83 83,95 133 118 245 256 no 119 227,228 100,101 83 117 180 221-238 100, 101 248 160 225 179 22 56 no 180 82 Cities (see note above). Page. 113,114* 164,165* 95* f 245, [250,251* 257 113,114* 231,233* 117, 114* 65* 231,233* 104* 139 164, 165* 113,114* ( 755 ) 75(5 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES AGRICULTURE. SUBJECT. Acreage, average per farm irrigated size of fanns, classincat ion . total in farms white and colored farmers in the South. See p. 301. Alfalfa irrigaled acreage Alfalfa seed Ahnonds Apples Apricots Asses and burros, on farm.s on farms and not on farms not on fanns Austria, farmers bom in Avocado pears Bananas Barley irrigaled acreage sales of Beans, dry edible Bees Blackberries and dewberries Broom com Broora-com seed Buckwheat Buildings, value Burros. See Asses and burros. Butter Butter fat Cash tenants Cattle, on famis on farms and not on fanns. - — not on fanns Cereals Cheese Cherries Chickens. See Poultry. Chicory Chinese farmers Chufas Chufas seed .’ Citrous fruits Clover Clover seed Coarse forage Color and nativity of farmers . . . Colored fanners Corn STATISTICS FOR— inigated acreage — — sales of Cornstalks sold Cotton Cotton seed Cranberries Cream Crops, all crops feedable, sales of irrigated sales of Currants Dairy products Dates Denmark, farmers bom in Ditches for irrigation Domestic animals, on famis on farms and not on farms . not on farms Domestic animals, poultry, and bees Domestic animals sold and slaughtered. Ducks. See Poultry. Eggs Emmer and spelt England, farmers bom in Farm mortgages Farm property, value Farmers, by race and nativity Farms, average acreage classified by size irrigated number tenure classes i Feed Feedable crops. See Crops. FertiUzers Figs Flaxseed Flower and vegetable seeds. Flowers and plants Foreign-bom white farmers. Forest products of farms France, farmers bom in Fruits, orchard small Geese. See Poultry. Germany, fanners bom in . . United States. Divi- sious. States. Page. Page. Page. 205, 281-283 1 280,283 280 423 423 303,304 304 300 265-209, 281-283 1 209,283 209 398 398 430,431 395 395 416 416 411 411 411 414 414 320, 322 321,322 322 340 340 340 338 338 338 298 298 416 416 410 416 376,386 386 380 439 371 371 392 392 392 312, 336,337 312, 336,337 1 312,336 409 409 410 408 408 395 395 390 390 388 265, 277, 280 1 277, 280 277, 280 345-349 345-349 348,349 347 347 285 314-310 315,316 316 340 340 340 338 338 338 370,377 377 377 345-349 345-349 347-349 413 413 413 408 408 298 298 408 408 395 395 415 415 398 398 395 395 398 398 297 297 297 297,298 297,298 297 370, 378,379 1 378,379 379 431 371 371 408 408 404 404 404 406 400 410 410 347 347 347 360,365 305 370 371 371 373 429,431 429 371 371 409 409 410 345-347 345-347 347,348 416 298 298 422,426 311,312 420 312 312 340 340 340 338 338 338 265,277, 281,284 1 277,284 277 356 357 358 353-355 353-355 355 390 390 390 298 298 294 294 294 265,270 270 276 297,298 297,298 297 265, 280-283 1 280,283 280 303,304 304 306 423 423 423 205,268, 281,283 1 268,283 268 288 288 371 371 373 372 372 373 410 416 394 394 394 394 419 419 419 297 297 297 419 419 419 298 298 411 411 411 409 409 410 298 298 SUBJECT. Ginseng Goats and kids, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Gooseberries Grains, cut CTeen Irrigated acreage Grapefruit Grapes Grass seed Guavas Guinea fowls. See Poultry. Hay and forage sales of Hemp Hemp seed Honey and wax Hops Horses, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Hungarian grass Hungary, farmers bom in Implements and machinery Improved land Indian farmers Ireland, farmers bom in Irrigation Italy, farmers bom in Japanese farmers Kafir com and milo maize Kumquats Labor on farms Land and buildings Land area Land in farms classified by size of farms tenure classes Lemons Limes Live stock Loquats Mandarins Mangoes Maple sugar and sirup Milk Millet Millet seed Mint Mohair Mortgages Mules, asses, and burros, on farms on farms and not on farms not on farms Mustard seed Native white farmery Negro farmers N etherlands, farmers bora in Norway, farmers born in Nursery products Nuts Oats j irrigated acreage sales of Olives Oranges Peaches and nectarines Peanuts Pears Peas Pecans Persian or English walnuts Persimmons Pineapples Plums and prunes Poland, farmers born in Pomegranates Pomeloes j Potatoes irrigated acreage Poultry Production. See individual crops and items of live stock products. Pumping plants for irrigation Quinces Raspberries and loganberries Reservoirs for irrigation Rice farms irrigated Root forage Rural population Russia, farmers bom in Rye irrigated acreage Scotland, farmers bom in STATISTICS FOR— United States. Page. 408 330,331 340 338 409 398 431 415 414 392,394 416 396-398 371 408 395 356 408 320-322 340 338 398 298 265, 277-284 265,269, 281,283 298 298 423-429 298 298 391 415 372,374 281-288 265, 269,281 ' 265-269, 281-283 303,304 285,286 415 415 265-284, 310-312 416 415 416 407 345-348 398 395 408 352 293,294 320-322 340 338 395 297 298 298 298 419 416 376, 382,383 431 371 416 415 412 393 412 393 416 416 416 416 413 298 410 415 399, 400 431 312, 334-336, 353-355 422,420 414 409 422, 426 376,391 432 398 205,208 298 376,389 431 298 Divi- sions. Page. 331 340 338 409 398 414 395 397,398 371 356 321,322 340 338 398 298 277-284 269,283 298 298 298 298 391 372,374 288 269 269,283 304 286 265-284, 310-312 345-348 398 395 352 293,294 320-322 340 338 297 298 298 298 419 I 382,383 ’"37i' 412 412 393 413 298 399,400 312, 334-330, 353-355 409 391 398 268 298 389 298 Statas. Page. 408 332 340 338 410 415 414 394 416 397 408 395 356 408 322 340 338 277,280 423-429 391 415 373 290 269 269 306 290 415 415 280,312 416 415 416 407 347,348 408 352 294 322 340 338 395 297 419 416 383 371 416 415 412 393 412 393 416 416 416 416 413 416 415 400 312,336 426 414 410 420 391 432 268 389 IND1^]X TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES AG R ICULTURE -Conti nucd. 757 SUBJECT. Share tenants Sheep, on farms on farms and not on farm.s not on farms shearing age Size of farms Sorghum cane Sorghum cane seed Straw sold Strawberries Sugar beets irrigated acreage Sugar cane Sunflower seed Sweden, farmers born in Sweet potatoes and yams Swine, on farms on farms and not on farms . not on farms Switzerland, farmers born in . . Tangerines Teasels STATISTICS nut— STATISTICS FOR — I’nitcd Stales. Divi- sions. States. Pago. Page. Page. 330-332 331,332 332 340 340 310 338 338 338 350-352 350-352 352 303, 304 304 306 407 407 395 395 403 408 409 409 410 407 431 407 400 406 395 395 298 298 399, 401 .399, 401 401 327, 328 327,328 328 340 340 340 338 338 .338 298 298 415 415 i 408 408 ; SUBJECT. Tenure classes Timothy Timothy and clover mixed 'I'imothy seed Tobacco 'Pobaceo seed fl'urkeys. See Poultry. Value. See Individual crops and items of farm prop- erty. Vegetables Vales, farmers bom in Valnuts Wax Wells for irrigation Wheat irrigated acreage White farmers Wild, salt, or prairie grasses irrigated acreage Willows Wool Uniled States. Divi- sions. States. Page. Page. Page. 285-290 285-290 290 398 398 398 398 395 395 403 403 403 396 395 402 402 402 298 298 416 416 356 356 356 422, 426 426 376, 380, 381 1 380,381 381 431 298 398 398 431 408 408 350-352 350-352 352 MANUFACTURES— SUBJECTS. SUBJECT. Capital Cities, 10,000iiihabitants and over principal Clerks Corporations, establishments operated by Electric motors Establishments, number cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership classified by number of wage earners. classified by value of product producing products of $1,000,000 Expenses miscellaneous Firms, establishments operated by Gas engines Horsepower, total primary Individuals, estab'ishments operated by. Materials, cost of Ownership, classes of Persons engaged in industry Products, value of cities grouped bv size citiesof 10,000inhabitants cities, principal Proprietors and firm members STATISTICS FOR— United States. Page. ' 438, 1430.525 529 528 452 461-463 471-474 438-445 451 529 528 461 468,469 464 465, 467 ' 438, .470, 471 438 461 471-474 I 438, \472-474 461 438, 439. 525 '461, 463 438, 452. 525 438, 139.525 451 529 528 I 438, 1452,525 States. Page. ^ 525 463 474 445,525 469 467 471 474 ►474,525 525 463 525 525 525 Industries. All com- bined. Page. 438,514 452 461,462 471-474 438-445 453 462 472 442,514 461 468 464 465 438,470 438 461 471-474 472.514 416 / 438, 1 \439,514 / 461 452.514 439.514 Lead- ing. Page. 514 468 465 470 472 472,514 / 438, \452, 514 514 453,514 514 514 Indi- vid- ual. Page. 514 514 514 514 514 514 514 SUBJECT. Rank of industries Salaried employees Salaried officers of corporations. . Salaries, payments for Services, pay men ts for Sex of wage earners Steam engines Supermtendents and managers. Value added by manufacture... cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership Value of products cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ovmership Wage earners, average number cities grouped by size cities of 10,000 inhabitants cities, principal classes of ownership Wage earners, employed by months. 16 years of age arid over, by sex . under 16 years of age Wages paid Water motors Water wheels STATISTICS FOR— United States. Page. 438,525 452 438.525 438 457 471-474 452 f 438, 1439-445, I 525 451 529 528 461,463 I 438, 1439. 525 451 529 528 461,463 I 438, 1439,525 451 529 528 461,463 459 455-45/ 457 ( 438 1439, .525 471-474 471-474 States. Page. 525 '625' 457 474 445, 525 463 525 463 525 463 457 457 525 474 474 Industries. All com- bined. Pago. 438,514 452 438,514 438 471-474 452 438, 442,514 461 439,514 461 I 438, ^439,514 461 459 f 438, 1439,514 471-474 471-474 Lead- ing. Page. 442 514 453 514 455 472 453 442, 514 514 514 460 455 455 514 472 472 Indi- vid- ual. Page. 514 ’M4 514 514 514 514 MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES. Page. Agricultural implements 442, 453, 455, 405, 468, 470, 472, 507, 514 Artificial flowers and feathers and plumes 456,514 Artificial stone 460,514 Artists’ materials 514 Automobiles, including bodies and parts 442,45.3,455,465,468,470,472,505.514 Awnings, tents, and sails 456, 514 Axle grease 514 Babbitt metal and solder !!...”]!!.!.!.! 514 Bags, other than paper . ! . . . ' 456,514 paper 4.56,514 Baking powders and yeast 456,514 Baskets, and rattan and wUlow ware 514 Beet sugar 460,479,514 Belting and hose, leather 514 woven and rubber 514 Bicycles, motorcycles, and parts 505,514 Billiard tables and materials 514 Blacking and cleansing and polishing preparations 514 Bluing 514 Bone, carbon, and lamp black 514 75100°— 13 49 Page. Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings 442, 453, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 494,514 rubber 456,514 Boxes, cigar 456,514 fancy and paper 456,514 Brass and bronze products 442,4.53,455,465,468,470.472,514 Bread and other bakery products 442,453,455,460,465,468,470,472,514 Brick and tile 460,503,514 Brooms and brushes 514 Butter, cheese, and condensed milk 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 475, 514 Butter, reworking 514 Buttons 456,514 Calcium lights 514 Candles 514 Canning and preserving 442, 453, 465,4 5, 468, 470, 472, 476, 514 Card cutting and designing 514 Carpets and rugs, other than rag 466,480,514 Carpets, rag 514 Carriages and sleds, children’s 514 Carriages and wagons and materials 505, 514 758 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES— Continued I’a?o. Cars and general shop constnietion and repairs by steam-railroad companies. 442, 4r>:i, 45.'), 4(10, 40.5, 408, 470, >172, .500, 514 Oar.s and general shop constnietion and repair.s liy streetrrailroad compauios. 500, 51 1 Cars, steam-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies 442, 450, 455, 405, 468, 470, 472, 500, 514 street-railroad, not including operations of railroad companic.s 507,514 t'a.«h registers and caleulaling machines 514 Cement 503,514 Charcoal 514 Chemicals 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 495, 514 China decorating 514 Clioeolate and cocoa products 514 Clocks and watches, including cases and materials 456,514 Cloth, sponging aiul relinishing 514 Clothing, hor.se 450,514 men’s, buttonholes 514 including shirts 442,453,455,400,40.5,408,470,472,514 women’s 442,453,455,400,405,408,470,472,514 Coffee and siiice, roasting and grinding 514 Collins, burial cases, and undertakers’ goods 514 Coke 496,514 Confectionery 514 Cooperage and wooilen goods, not elsewhere specified 614 Cofiper, tin, and sheet-iron products 514 Cordage and twine and jute and Imeu goods 450,481,514 Corilials and sirups 514 Cork, cutting 450,514 Corsets 450,514 Cotton goods, incliuling cotton small wares. 442, 453,455, 400, 405, 408, 470, 472, 482, 514 Crucibles 514 Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified 514 Dairymen’s, poulterers’, and apiarists’ supplies 514 Dentists’ materials 514 Druggrinding 514 Dyemg and finishing textiles 456,514 Dyestuffs and extracts 497,514 Kicctrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. 442,453,455,405,408,470,472,508,514 Electroplating 514 Emery and other abrasive wheels 514 Enameling and japaiming 514 Engravers’ materials 514 Engraving and diesinking 514 Engraving, wood 514 Explosives 497,514 Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified 514 Fertilizers 400,498,514 Files 514 Fire extinguishers, chemical 514 Firearms and ammunition 514 Fireworks 4.50,514 Flags, banners, regalia, society badges, and emblems 450,514 Flavoring extracts 450,614 Flax and" hemp, dressed 514 Flour-mill ana gristmUl products 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 477, 514 Food preparations 456,514 F'oundry and machine-shop products 442, 453, 455, 400, 465, 468, 470, 472, 514 Foundry supplies 514 Fuel, manufactnred 514 Fur goods 450,514 Furnishing goods, men’s 450,514 Furniture and refrigerators 442,453,455,400,405,408,470,472,514 Furs, dre.ssod 614 Galvanizing 514 Gas and electric fixtures and lamps and reflectors 514 Gas, illuminating and heating 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 499,514 Glass 504,514 cutting, staining, and ornamenting 514 Gloves and mittens,'leather 450, 494, 514 Glucose and starch 499,514 Glue 514 Gold and silver, leaf and foil 450,514 reducing and refining, not from the ore 514 Graphite and graphite relining 514 Grease and tallow 514 Grindstones 400,514 Hair work 450,514 Haircloth 614 Hammocks .' 514 Hand stamps and stencils and brands 514 Hat and cap materials 514 Hats and cai)s, other than felt, sitaw, and wool 514 Hats, fur-fell 450,483,514 straw 456,400,514 Hones and whetstones 514 Ilorse.shoes, not made in steel works or rolling mills 514 llosiery and knit goods 442, 453, 455, 400, .105, 408, 470, 472, 4.84,614 llousG-'furnishing goods, not cisewhero specified 4.50, 514 ice, manufactured 400,508,514 Ink, printing 514 writing 514 Instruments, profe.ssional and scientific 514 iron and steel, blast furnaces 442,4,53.4,55,405,408,470.472,488,514 bolls, nuts, washers, and rivets, not made in steel works or rolling mills. . 514 doors and sluiUers 514 torgiifi'S 614 nails and spikes, cut ami w rough! , inclmling wire nails, not made in steel works or rolling nulls 514 steel works and rolling mills 442, 453,455,400,405,408, .170, 472, 489, 514 Iron and steel itipe, wrought 514 Jewelry 4,5(1,514 Jewelry and instruineni, ca.ses 450,514 Kaolin and ground earths 614 balxds and lags 514 i ajiidary work 514 bard, refined, not mado in slaughtering and meat-packing estabiishments. . . 514 Lasts 514 Lead, bar, pipe, and sheet 514 Leather goods 442,4,53,455,468.470,472,514 Lcattier, (aimed, cunded, and finished 442,453,455,405,408,470,472,493,514 Lime 504,514 Liijuors, fiistilled - 4‘12, 4.53, 4.55,465,408, 470, 472,514 malt - 442,403,450,406,408,.170.472..514 Page. Liquors, vinous 514 Locomotive,s, not made by railroad companies 614 Looking-glass and picture frames 514 Lumber and timber products 442,453,455,400,405,408,470,472,509,514 Malt 514 Marble and stone work 442,453,455,408,470,472,514 Matches 614 Mats and matting 514 Mattresses and spring beds 514 Millinery and lace goods 456,514 Mineral and soda waters 614 Mirrors 514 Models and patterns, not including paper patterns 514 Moving pictures 514 Mucilage and paste 514 Musical instruments and materials, not specified 514 Musical instruments, pianos and organs and materials 509,514 Needles, pins, and hooks and eyes 456,514 Oakum 514 Oil, castor 514 cottonseed, and cake 442, 453, 4.55, 400, 405, 408, 470, 472, 499, 514 essential 500,514 .linseed 514 not elsewhere specified 514 Oilcloth and linoleum 514 Oleomargarine 514 Optical goods 514 Fault and varnish 442,453,455,405,408,470,472,500,514 Paper and wood pulp 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 510, 514 Paper goods, not elsewhere specified 456,514 Paper patterns 514 Patent medicines and compounds and druggists’ preparations 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 514 Paving materials 514 Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling 456,514 Pencils, lead . . . ^ 456, 514 Pens, fountam, stylographic, and gold 514 steel 456,514 Petroleum, refining 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 501 , 514 Phonographs and graphophones 510,514 Photo-engravmg 514 Photographic apparatus and materials 514 Pipes, tobacco 514 Pottery, terra-cotta, and fire-clay products 456,514 Printlugand publishing 442,453,455,400,405,408,470,472,511,514 Pulp goods 514 Pumps, not including steam pumps 514 Rice, cleaning and polishing 460,477,514 Roofing materials 614 Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified 514 Rulas, ivory and wood 514 Safes and vaults 614 Salt 501,514 Sand and emery paper and cloth 514 Saws 514 Scales and balances 514 Screws, machine 514 -wood 514 Sewdng machines, ca,ses, and attachments 514 Shipbuilding, including boat building 512,514 Shoddy 485,514 Showcases 514 Signs and advertising novelties 514 Silk and silk goods, including thi'owsters 442,453,455,405,408,470,472,485,514 Silverware and plated ware „ 514 Slaughtering and meat packing 442, 453, 455, 405, 408, 470, 472, 478, 514 Smelting and refining, copper 442, .153, 455,405,408,470,472,514 lead ! 442, 453, 455,405, 408, 470, 472, 514 zinc 514 not from the ore Soap o02, 514 Soda-water apparatus 514 Sporting and athletic goods 514 Springs, steel, car and carriage 514 Stationery goods, not elsewhere specified 450,514 Statuary and art goods 514 Steam packing 514 Stereotyping and electrotyping 514 Stoves and furnaoe,s, including gas and oil stoves 514 Sugar and molasse.s, not including beet sugar 4.')3, 455, -lOO, 408, 470, 472, 479, 514 Sulphuric, nitric, and mixed aeiiis 502,514 Surgical appliances and artificial limbs 450,514 Tin foil 514 Tin plate and terneplato 491,514 I'obaeeo manufactures 400,514 'toys and games 514 'rurpentine and rosin 503,514 'f ype-founding and printing materials 514 Typewriters and supplies 614 Umbrellas and canes 456,514 Upholstering malcriiils 514 Vault lights and ventilators , 514 Vinegar and cider 400,514 Wall paper 514 Wall plaster 614 Wa.shing machines and elolhes wringcr.s 514 Waste Sl-j Whips Oi'l Windmills 614 Window shades and fixture.s „ ol-l Wire 492,.5 . Wirework, including wire rope and cable oi l Wood carpet 514 Wood dislillalion, not including turpentine and rosin 514 Wood preserving 514 Wood , tu rned am 1 carved 514 Wool pulling 514 Wool scouring ol4 Woolou, woraiod, and felt goods, and wool hats. 442, 453, 465, 100,405, 408, 470, 472, 482, 480, 514 INDEX TO THE ABSTRACT TABLES. MINING. 759 SUBJECT. Boys under IG employed Capital Clerks and other salaried employees Contract work, expense of Corporations, enterprises conducted by Electric motors Engineers, firemen, mechanics Expenses of operation and development miscellaneous principal items Firms, enterprises conducted by Fuel and rent of power, cost of Gas engines Horsepower, total primary Hours of labor Individuals, enterprises conducted by Land controlled Mineral and oil land controlled Miners, and miners’ helpers, quarrymen, and stone cutters Mines and quarries, number Mines, quarries, and wells, number Operators, number of Ore and natural gas purchased, cost Persons engaged in mining STATISTICS FOR — United States. Pago. 549 541,500 5C1 541, 545, 5G1 553 556 549 541, 545, 5C0 541, 561 557 553 560 556 (541, 55G, \557,560 551 553 552 552 549 541, 542, 560 541, 542,560 560 541, ,548, 561 States. Page. 560 561 558, 561 560 561 558 560 560 542, 560 542, 560 560 561 Industries. All com- bined. Page. 549 562 563 (•559, 563 553 556 549 562 563 559 553 562 556 556,563 551 553 552,562 552 549 562 562 562 563 I.ead- ing- Page. 549 562 563 f 5.59, ( 563 553 5.56 549 562 563 559 553 562 556 5.56 551 553 552 552 549 562 544 562 563 Indi- vi(i- ual. Pago. 562 563 559, 563 562 563 559 562 563 562 562 562 562 563 SUBJECT. Products, value of Proprietors and firm members . . Quantity of minerals produced . Hoyallies and rent of mines Salaried employees Salaried officers of corporations . Salaried officials Salaries, payments for Salaries and wages Services, payments for Size of enterprises Steam engines Superintendents and managers . Supplies and materials, cost Taxes Timber land Value of products. Wage earners above and below ground . - — employed by months Wages.. Water wheels Wells, number STATISTICS FOR — U nited States. Page, f 541, ,542,545 541, 548, 561 f 541, [545,561 541 548 561 541, 560 557 541, 545 554-556 556 548,556 1 541, [545, 560 552 1541,542, 1545.561 541, 542. 561 549 550,551 541,560 556 541,542 States. Page. 542, 558 h 561 Industries. AH com- bined. 558, 561 561 560 558 560 542, 558, 561 542- 561 560 '542' Page. j.559,563 549, 563 ^559, 563 563 563 562 559 562 554,555 5.56 556 562 563 552 559-563 ► 563 549 550, 551 562 556 I/cad- ing- Pago. 542, 545 549, 563 557 5.59, 563 563 563 562 559 562 554 555 556 556 562 563 552 5.59, 563 545 549 551 562 556 Indi- vid- ual. Pago. 659, 563 ( 563 559, 563 563 563 562 559 562 562 563 559- 563 563 562 o • f w J tk . :<■ - 5 t ‘ .*► ■c t ■f I rd. ..-' ...JtllL i.:'^m.. t 4 I