LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-ChlAMPAIGN 977. ^y B52 I.K.3. THE Biographical Review OK ohnson, Massac, Pope ^t^ Hardin Counties ILLINOIS Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens ALSO BIOGRAPHIES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES CHICAGO BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING CO. 1893 c2 pi^Ep/^(?E. L:reatest of English historians, Macaulat, and one of the most brilliant writers of present century, has siid: "The history of a country is best told in a record of the lives of its puuple." In conformity with this idea the Poktrait asd Bioguaimiical ^ "■"' of this county has been prepared. Instead of going to must}- records, and g therefrom dry statistical matter that can be appreciated by but few, our •rps of writers have gone to the people, the men and women who have, by their enterprise and industry, brought the county to rank second to none among those comprising this great and noble State, and from their lips have the stor_v of their life struggles. No more interesting or instructive matter could be presented to an intelli- gent public. In this volume will be found a record of many whose lives are worthy the imitation of coming generations. It tells how some, commencing life in poverty, by industry and economy have accumulated wealth. It tells how others, with limited p advantages for securing an education, have become learned men and women, with an 3T.; influence extending throughout the length and breadth of the land. It tells of men who ^- />\ '^ have risen from the lower walks of life to eminence as statesmen, and whose names have V^ « \>^ become famous. It tells of those in every walk in life who have striven to succeed, and ■^ ^ records how that success has usually crowned their efforts. It tells also of man}', very many, who, not seeking the applause of the world, have pui-sued ''the even tenor of their way." content to have it said of them as Christ said of the woman performing a deed of mercy — "they have done what they could." It tells how that many in the pride and strength of young manhood left the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office and the counting-room, left every trade and profession, and at their countrj-'s call went forth valiantly "to do or die," and how through their efforts the Union was restored and peace once more reigned in the land. In the life of eveiy man and of every woman is a lesson that should not be lost upon those who follow after. Coming generations will appreciate this volume and preserve it as a sacred trejisure, from the fact that it contains so much that wt)uld never find its w.ay into public records, and which would otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been taken in the compilation of the work and every opportunity possible given to those represented to insure correctness in wiiat has lieen written, and the publishei-s Hatter them- selves that they give to their readers a work with few errors of consequence. In addition to the biograpb ical sketches, portraits of a number of representative citizens are given. The faces of some, and biographical sketches of many, will be missed in this volume. For this the publishers are not to blame. Not liaving a proper conception of the work, some refused to give the information necessary to compile a sketch, while others were indifferent. Occasionally some memlwr of the family would oppose the enterprise, and on account of such opposition the support of the interested one would lie withheld. In a few instances men could never be found, though repeated calls were made at their residence or place of business. .lunc, IXy.l. I! ,;m-|II. VI. I'l I-.I.ISIIIN.; Co. -4 y^ mmm' W ^j^^m^M,^ m ^AxM^^'^^^'^'^ *.^-- ^^•o"*^* •• ^V'> FIRST PRESIDENT. ^. miii. cV>'i'V>^(Ssi'i'^i*i5'iT3('^^iT^i*^ ' ?:>^>^^^'t!g>'t^'i^Ji^ta>'cSi'i?'^ntSa'^ -*>^^ellin6 was rather defective. I Remarkable stories are told of his great iihysica- strength and development at an early age. He wa.s an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fair- ness and veracity which characterized his whole life. When George was 1 4 years old he had a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposition of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later he was appointed surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, though only 19 years of age, he was ajJiwinted adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her demise tlie estate of Mount Vernon was given to George. Ujxin the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle, as Lieuten- ant-Governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four mili- tary districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and ac- cepted, which others had refused. This was to pro- ceed to the French ix)st near Lake Erie in North- western Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The GEORGE WASHINGTON. trip was a perilous one, and several limes he came near losing his lite, yet he returned in safety and furnished a full and useful reixirt of his expedition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in com- mand of Col. Josiiua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most imjwrtant part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755, known as Brad- dock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinctior. who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of liraddock >vere disabled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says : "1 had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was levelin" my comi)anions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him. .\fter having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal army, he look advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the e-xpulsioh of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his conmiission. Soon after he entered the Legislature, where, although not a leader, he look an active and important part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis. When.the British Parliament had closed the port ^f Boston, the cry went up throughout the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a Con grass of all the colonies was called to meet at Phila- delphia.Sept. 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties, peaceably if possible. To this Congress Col. Wash- ington was sent as a delegate. On May 10, r775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of Con- cord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this ("ongress was the election of a com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred u\)on Washington, who was still a memberof the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress 10 pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, to whom the fortunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under ever\ possible disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, t7S3, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his conunission as commander-in-chief of the array to to the Continental Congress sitting at Annapolis. He retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumed his occupation as a farmer and planter, shunning all connection with public life. In February, 1 7S9, Washington was unanimously elected President. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a tiew government ; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other governments ; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the imiwverished condition of the country, owing to the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife. He was no partisan. His clear judg.nent could discern the golden mean ; and wliile perhaps tiiis alone kept our government from sinking at the very outset, it left him exposed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying. At the expiration of his first term he was unani- mously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the ex[)iraton of his second term as Presi- dent, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remaining yeais free from the annoyances of public life. Later in the year, however, his repose seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France. At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He chose his sub- ordinate officers and left to them the charge of mat- ters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in h's throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the night of the fourteenth. On the eigh- teenth his body was borne wi'h military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon. Of the character of Washington it is imix)ssible to speak but in terms of the highest respect and ad- miration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of uniting all opinions in a common interest, the more highly we must estimate the force of his tal- ent and character, which have ben able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and principles, and na- tions, and to win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but lielieve will be as lasting as the existence of man. The jierson of Washington was unusally tan, erect and well proportioned. His muscular strength was great. His features were of a beautiful symmetPi'. He commanded respect without any ai.pcnrance o< haughtiness, and ever serious without lAeinc dull. ■«^ Jf'''. '■^/V ^7r//mid se::ond president. »—« »^ _ ^--ao m.r'»t-%p . '(^--"'"::i5^ OHN ADAMS, the second . President and the first Vice- President of the United States, was born in Braintree ( now Quincy ),Mass., and about ten '^ miles from Boston, Oct. ig, 1 735. His great-grandfather, Henry Adams, emigrated from England I bout 1640, with a family of eight sons, and settled at Braiatree. The parents of John were John and Susannah (Boylston) Adams. His father was a farmer of limited means, to which he added the bus- iness of shoemaking. He gave his eldest son, John, a classical educa- tion at Harvard College. John graduated in 1755, and at once took charge of the school in Worcester, Mass. This he found but a 'scijool of ;iffliction," from which he endeavored to gain relief by devoting himself, in addition, to the study of law. For this purpose he placed himself under the tuition of the only lawyer in the town. He had thought seriously of the clerical profession but seems to have been turned from this by what he termed "the frightful engines of ecclesiastical coun- jils, of diabolical malice, andCalvanistic good nature,'' of the operations of which he had been a witness in his native town. He was well fitted for the legal profession, possessing a clear, sonorous voice, being ready and fluent of speech, and having quick percep- tive jMwers. He gradually gained practice, and in 1764 married Aljigail Smith, a daughter of a minister, ind a lady of superior intelligence. Shortly after his narriage, (1765), the attempt of Parliamentary taxa- 'ion turned him from law to politics. He took initial -teps toward lioldin^ a town meeting, and the resolu- tions he offered on the subject became very populai throughout the Provmce, and were adopted word for word by over forty different towns. He moved to Bos- ton in 176S, and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocates of the popular cause, and was chosen a member of the General Couit (the Leg- lislature) in 1770. Mr. Adams was chosen one of the first delegate.^ from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himselt by his capacity for business and for debate, and ad- vocated the movement for independence against ti- = majority of the members. In May, 1776, he mcveci and carried a resolution in Congress that the Coloniea should assume the duties of self-government. He was a prominent member of the committee of fivej appointed June 11, to prepare a declaration of inde- pendence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through Congress in a three days debate. On the day after the Declaration of Independence was passed, while his soul was yet warm with th; glow of e.xcited feeling, he wrote a letter to his wife which, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of prophecy. "Yesterday," he says, "the greatest question was decided that ever was debated in America; and greater, perhaps, never was or wil be decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, ' that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and inde- pendent states.' The day is passed. The fourth of July, 1776, will 1)6 a memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to Almighty Ck)d. It ought to be solemnized with pomp, show% /OJIN ADAMS. games, spurts, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations Ironi one end of the continent to the otlier, from tiiis lime forward for ever. Vou will think nic transix)rted with enthusiasm, but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and blood and treasure, that it will cost to maintain this declaration, and supixjrt and defend these States; yet, through all the gloom, 1 can see the rays of light and glory. I can see that the end is Worth more than all the means; and that iwsterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hope we shall not." In November, 1777, Mr. .Vdams was apjiointed a dtiegate to France and to co-operate with Benijamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, wiio were then in Paris, in the endeavor to obtain assistance in arms and money from the French Government. This was a severe trial to his patriotism, as it separated him from his home, compelled him to cross the ocean in winter, and ex- ix)sed him to great peril of capture by the British cruis- ers, who were seeking him. He left France June 17, 1779. In Se|)tember of the same year he was again chosen to go to Paris, and there hold himself in readi- ness to negotiate a treaty of peace and of commerce with Great Britian, as soon as the Britisii Cabinet might be found willing to listen to such proiX)sels. He sailed for France in November, from there he went to Holland, where he negotiated im[)orlanl loans and formed important commercial treaties Finally a treaty of peace with England was signed Jan. 21, 1783. The re-action from the excitement, toil and anxiety through which Mr. Adams jiad passed threw him into a fever. After suffering from a con- tinued fever and becoming feeble and emaciated he was advised to goto England to drink the waters of Bath. \Vhile in England, still drooping and desixsnd- ing, he received dispatches from his own government urging the necessity of his going to .Xrasterdam to negotiate another loan. It was winter, his health was delicate, yet he immediately set out, and through storm, on sea, on horseback and foot, he made the tri[). February 24, 1785: C'ongress apjxjinted Mr. Adams envoy to the Court of St. James. Here he met face to face the King of England, who had so long re- garded him as a traitor. As England did not condescend to apjioint a minister to the United States, and as Mr. Adams felt that he was accom- plishing but little, he sought permission to return to nis own country, where he arrived in June, 1788. When Washington was first chosen President, John Adams, rendered illustiious liy his signal services at home and abroad, was chosen Vice President, .\gain at the second election of Washington as President, Adams was chosen Vice President. In 1796, Wash- ington retired from public life, and Mr. Adams was elected President,! hough not without muchoj)]iosition. S-.;rving in this office four years, he was succeeded by Mr. Jefferson, his o|)]xinent in politics. While Mr. Adams was Vice President the gre.T* French Revolution shook the continent of Euroi>e, and it was ujxjn this ix)int which he was at issue with the m.ijority of his countrymen led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no symiiathy with the French people in their struggle, for he had no confidence in their power of self-government, and he utterly abhored the classof atheist [)hilo!:o[>hers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French jjeople. Hence or iginaled llie alienation between these distinguished men, and two [xjwerful i)arties were thus soon organ- ized, .'\dams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France. The world has seldom seen a spectacle of more moral beauty and grandeur, than was presented by the old age of Mr. Adams. The violence of party feeling had died away, and he had begun to receive that just appreciation which, to most men, is not accorded till after death. No one could look upon his venerable form, and think of what he had done and suffered, and how he had given up all the prime and stren;,th of his life tu the public good, without the deepest emotion of gratitude and respect. It was his [)eculiar good fortune to witness the complete success of the institution which he had been so active in creating and supixjrting. In 1824, his cup of hajipiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the jieople. The fourth of July, 1826, which completed the hall century since the signing of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished theii earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a few days before Mr. Adams had been rapidly failing, and on the morning of the fourth he found himself loo weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he exclaimed " In- DF.PENDENCE FOREVER." When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his attendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "O yes; it is the glor- ious fourth of July — (}od bless it — God bless you all." In the course of the day he said, " It is a great and glorious day." The last words he uttered were. "Jefferson survives." But he had, at one o'clock, re- signed his spiiit into the hands of his God. The ])ersonal appearance and manners of Mr Adams were not particularly preixissessing. His face, as his ]iortrait manifests.was intellect iial and expres sive, but his figure was low and ungraceful, and h^s manners were frequently abruiit and uncourteoiis He had neither the lofty dignity of Washington, ni>i the engaging elegance and gracefulness which marked the manners and address of Jefferson. ,*f / r / J/l>^^J^' y.' Y//7 THIBD PRESIDENT. -^^. HO.MAS JEFFERSON was lorn April 2, 1743, at Shad- ^''well, Alhermarle county, Va. His parents were I'eter and Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, the tbnner a native of Wales, and the latter born in Lon- don. To them were born six daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, hav- ing been kept diligently at school from the time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William end Mary College. Williamsburg was then the seat if the Colonial Court, and it was the obode of fashion i.id splendor. Young Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yet he was earnestly devoted lo his studies, and irreproacha- able in his morals. It is strange, however, under such infiuences,that he was not ruined. In the sec- ond year of his college course, moved by some un- explained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He often devoted fifteen hours a day to hard study, allowing himself for ex- ercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out of the city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, alike excellence in philoso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility. A more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from collei;e halls; ami there was not to be found, perhaps, in all Virginia, a more pureminded, upright, gentlemanly young man. Immediately \x\x>n leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time he continued in the practice of his profession he rose rapidly and distin- guished himself by his energy and accuteness as a lawyer. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonies, and the enlarged views which Jefferson had ever entertained, soon led him into active [lolitical life. In 1769 he was choset a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses In 1772 he married Mrs. .Martha Skelton, a very oeauti- ful, wealthy and highly accomplished young widow Uixm Mr. Jefferson's large estate at Shadwell, thire was a majestic swell of land, called Monticello, which commanded a prospect of wonderful extent and beauty. This sjwt Mr. Jefferson selected for his new home; and here he reared a mansion of modest ye* elegant architecture, which, next to Mount Vernon became the most distinguished resort in our land. In 1775 he was sent to the Cdonial Congress where, though a silent member, his abilities as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was placed uixsn a number of ini|X)rtant committees, and was chairman of the one appointed for the draw- ing up of a declaration of independence. This com- mittee consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. Jefferson, as chairman, was apiwinted to draw up the paper. Franklin and Adams suggested a few verbal changes before it was submitted to Con- gress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776 What must have been the feelings of that 28 THOMAS JEFFERSON. man — what the emotions that swelled his breast — who was charged with *he preiJaraiioii of that Dec- laration, which, while it made known the wrongs of Ameiica, was also to [tiiblish her to the world, free, boverign and independent. It is one of the most re- markable pajjers ever written ; and did noother effort of the mind of its author exist, that alone would l)e sufficient to stamp his name with immortality. In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick hienry, ;.s (iovernor of Virginia. At one time the Rritisii officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Moniicello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after the hurried escape of Mr. Jef- ferson and his family, ere his mansion was in posses- sion of the Hritish troops. His wife's health, never very good, was inuch injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died. Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two yeirs later he was apiwinted Minister Plenipo- tentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he became Secretary of State in Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan. I, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice Presi- dent, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President. The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstra- tion was disturbed by an event which threatened the trancpiilily and jieace of the Union; this was the con- spiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election to the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition intc the Spanish territories on our southwestern frontier, for the pvirixase of forming there a new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character. In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for which Mr. JelTerson had been elected, he determined to retire from [xjlitical life. For a period of nearly forty years, he had been continually before the pub- lic, and all that time had l)een employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus de- voted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years required, and uix>n the organization of the new administration, in March, i^^og, he bid fare- well forever to public life, and retired to Monticello. Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, — fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses, — and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticello, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place. The fourth of July, 1826, being the fiftieili .nnniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence, great preparations were made in every |iatt of tht- Union for its celebration, as tlie nation's jubilee, ami the citizens of Washington, to atld to the sulemnil) of the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer and one of the few surviving signers of the Declara- tion, to participate in their testivities. But an ill- ness, which had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decline the invitation. On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left him, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained ik hope of his recovery. From this time he was i)erfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the nex' day, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on lieing told it was the third of July, he expressed the earnest wish tha he migiit be permitted to breathe the airof the fifiiell' anniversary. His prayer was heard — that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst Ujxjn his eyes, and then they were closed for- ever. And what a noble consummation of a noble life! To die on that day, — the birthday of a nation,- - the day which his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked up to iiim, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill up the record his life. Almost at the same hour of his death, the kin- dred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, the champions of freedom; hand in hand, during the dark and desper- ate struggle of the Revolution, they had cheered and animated their desponding countrymen; for half a century they had labored together for the good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided. In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in height, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in afterlife became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his fore head broad, and his whole cour'enance intelligent and thoughtful. He possessed great fortitude of mind as well as personal courage ; and ?.:s command of tem- per was such that his oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and un- affected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all found at his house a ready welcome. In conver- sation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finished classical scholar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his style upon the best models of antiquity. y d^' ^^ ^-t< it>~^^^i ^'"^ FOURTH PRh'SIDENT. pn]ES nipisoi). % • {WT^^ AMES MADISON, "Father ot the Constitution," and fourth " President of the United States, was born March i6, 1757, and died at his home in Virginia, June 28, 1836. The name of James Madison is inseparably con- nected with most of the imiiortant events in that heroic period of our country during which the founda- tions of tliis great repubUc were laid. He was the last of the founders of the GDnstitution of the United States to l)e called to his eternal reward. The Madison family were among the early emigrants to the New World, anding uixjn the shores of the Chesa- peake but 15 years after the settle- ment of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent planter, residing upon a very fine es- tate called "Montpelier," Orange Co., V^a. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery iiighly pictur- esque and romantic, on the west side of South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest |)ersonal and [KDlitical attaciiment existed between these illustrious men, from their early youth until death. The early education of Mr. Madison was conducted mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of 18 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Hero he applied himself to study with the most im- prudent zeal ; allowing himself, for months, but three hours'sleepout of the 24. His health thus ijecameso seriously ini])aired that he never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 1771. with a feeble body, with a character of utmost purity, and with a mind highly disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellished and gave proficiency to his subsf tpient career. Returning to Virginia, he commenced the study of law and a course of extensive and systematic reading. This educational course, the spirit of the times in which he lived, and the society with which he asso- ciated, all combined to inspire him with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for his life-work ol a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to be long, he directed especial atten- tion to theological studies. Endowed with a mind singularly free from passion and prejudice, and with almost unequalled powers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith Ijecame so established as never to be shaken. In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), he was a candidate for the General Assembly. He refused to treat the whisky-lovir.g voters, and consetpiently lost his election ; but those who had witnessed the talent, energy and public spirit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and lie was appointed to the E.\eculive Council. Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were Governors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of the Council ; and their aiinreciation of his 32 JAMES MADISON. mtcllciuial, social and moral worth, coiuriLmtcd not Li litilt to his subscMiueiit eminence. In tlie year 1780, he was elei'led a member ol the Continental Con^;ress. Here lie met the most illustrious men in our hunl, and he was immediately assigned to one of the most conspicuous [wsitions among them. I'or three years Mr. Madison continued in Con- gress, one of its most active and inlUiential members. In the year 17S4, his term having expired, he was elected a member of the \'irginia Legislature. No man felt more deeply than Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no na- tional government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. There was not any .State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efficient national government must be formed. In January, 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the (General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to appoint commis- sioners to meet in convention at Annajxjlis to discuss this subject. Five States only were reiiresented. The convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging all the States to send their delegates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for the United States, to take the jilace of that Confederate League. The delegates met at the time apixiinted. Every State but Rhode Island «»as represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention; and the present Consti- tution of the United States was then and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more ac- tive in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison. The Constitution, adopted by a vote 81 to 79, was to be presented to the several States for acceptance. Hut grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left but a conglomeration of independent States, with but little jxiwer at home and little lespect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by the conven- tion to draw \\\^ an address to the peoi)Ie of the United States, exiiounding the princijiles of the Constitution, and urging its adoption. There was great opitosition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789. Mr. Madison was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed le.ider of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs. Todd, a young widow of remarkable (XDWer of fascination, whom he married. She was in per.son and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occupied so prominent a jxjsition in the very peculiar society which has constituted our republican co\irt as Mrs. Mndison. Mr. Madison served as Secretary of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administration was chosen President. At this time the encroach- ments of England had brought us to the verge of war. , British orders in council destioyed our commeice, and our Hag was exjxjsed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, reliiiiig in hisdisixjsition, war had no charms for him. But tlie meekest spirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American shi[) brought to, uiKjn the ocean, by the guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the crew to be paraded before him. With great nonchal- ance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as British subjects ; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gun- deck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of search and im- pressment, no efforts of our (Government could induce the British cabinet to relinquish. On the 1 8th of June, 1S12, President Madison gave his approval to an act of (Congress declaring war against Cteat Britain. Notwithstanding the ijitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on the 4th of March, igij, was re-elected by a large majority, and entered upon his second term of office. This is not the place to describe the various adventures of this war on the land and on the water. Our infan navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grap- [jling with the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the appearance of a British fleet, early in Fel)ruary, 1813, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the llnited States under blockade. The Emperor of Russia offered his services as me ditator. America accepted ; England refused. A Brit- ish force of five thousand men landed on the banks ofthePatuxet River, near its entrance into Chesa- iwake Bay, and marched rapidly, by way of Bladens- burg, upon Washington. The straggling little city of \\'ashington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole population fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the doer to await his speedy return, hurried to meet the officers in a council of war He met our troops utterly routed, and he could not go back without danger of l)eing captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Presidentiaf Mansion, the Capitol, and all the public buildings in Washington were in flames. The war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, 18 15, the treaty of peace was signed atOhent. On the 4th of March, 1S17, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beau- tiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the re- mainder of his days. On June 28, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madi- son died July 12, 1849. ^/k^t^-^-y^-L^ 7 ^^-l^^- / 1 ^ C-^ FIFTH PRESIDENT. 35 AMKS MONROE, the fifth .I'rcsidentof The United States, was Ixjrn in Westmoreland Co., Va., Ai)ril 28, 175S. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. His ancestors had for lany years resided in the prov- ice in which he was Iwrn. When, t 17 years of age, in the process r completing his education at iliam and Mary College, the Co- i.il Congress assembled at Phila- deljjhia to deliberate uiwn the un- just and manifold oppressions of Great Britian, declared the separa- tion of the Colonies, and promul- gated the Declaration of Indepen- dence. Had he been Ixsm ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots. He joined the army when everything looked hope- less and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came pouring in ; and the tories not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disheartened the new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the prospect of con- tending with an enemy whom they had been taught to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through difficulty and danger, the United States owe their iwlitical emancipation. The young cadet joined the ranks, and esiwused the cause of his injured country, with a firm determination to live o. iie with her strife for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the mel- anclioly retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through New Jersey. In four months after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charg- ing uixjn the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder. As a reward for his braver)', Mr. Monroe was pro- moted a captain of infantry; and, having recovered, from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of ])romotion, by becoming an officer in the staff of Lord Sterling. During the cam- paigns of 1777 and 1778, in the acrions of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-de-canip; but becoming desirous to regain his ]X)sition in the army, he exerted himself to collect a regiment for the Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. U[X)n this failure he entered the office of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Governor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study of common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on the invasions of the enemy, ser\'ed as a voiun teer, during the two years of his legal pursuits. In 1782, he was elected from King George county, a member of the Leglislature of Virginia, and by that body he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age ; and having at this early period displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremitting energy for the public good, J6 JAMES MONROE. 1)0 was in the succeeding year chosen a meniljcr of tlie Congress of the United States. Deeplyas Mr. Monroel'elt the iniperfertionsof theold ;"onlederacy, lie was oi)i)osed to the new Constitution, ihinking, with many others of *lie Re|)ul)lican parly, tliat it gave too much (jowwr to tlie Central Coveriuncnt, and not euougli to the individual Slates. Still he re- tained the esteem of his friends who were its warm supi)orters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoi>lion. In 1789, he became amcml)er of the United States Senate; which oflice he held for four years. Every month the line ui distinction be- tween tile two great parties which divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now sep- arated them were, that the Rei)ul)lican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a strict construction of the Constitution as to give the Central Government as little jxawer, and the State Governments as much power, as the Constitution would warrant. The Federalists sympathized with Knghuid, and were in favor of a liberal construction of the Con- stitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize. The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and James Monroe the Republican, never breathed. In building u]) this majestic nation, which is destined to eclipse all(>recian and Assyrian greatness, the com- bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light equilibrium. .And yet each in his day was de- nounced as almost a demon. Washington was then President. England had es- poused the cause of the Bourbons against the princi- ples of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined lo prevent the l'"rench from escaping from a tyranny a thousand-fold worse than that which we had endured Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the Pres- ident's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was de- nouncing the iwlicy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to the Republic of France. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrMions. Shortly after his return to this countrv, Mr. Mon- roe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held the office for three yeais. He was again sent lo France to co-oi)erate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had liut shortly l)efore ob- tained from Spain. Their united efforts were suc- cessful. For the comi)aratively small sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the entire territory of ( )rleaiis and district of Louisiana were added to the United Slates. Tills was probably the largest transt-r of real estate which was ever made in all the history of the world. F"rom France Mr. Monroe went to F^ngland to ob- tain from that country some recognition of our rights as neutrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. but F^ng- land was unrelenting. He again returned to Flng- land on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his home and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of Slate under Madison. While in this office war with FZngland was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trying times, the duties of the War I^epartment were also jjut upon him. He was truly the armor- bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return oi peace he resigned the Department of War, but con- tinued in the office of Secretary of State until the ex- piration of Mr. Madison's adminstration. At the elec- tion held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opposition, and \\\>a\\ March 4, 1817, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term. Among the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the United States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine.' This famous doctrine, since known as the "Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in 1823. At that time the United States had recognized the independ- ence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European [xjwers longer attempting to sub- due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is as follows; "That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their sys- tem to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the purjKise of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by European powers of an unfriendly dis]X)sition toward the United States." This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the approved sentiment of the United States. At the end of his Fecond term Mr. Monroe retired to his home in Virginia, where he lived until 1830 when he went to New York to live with his son-in- law. In that city he died.on the 4th of July 1831 X 3. At r,/r>^ SIXTH PRESIDRNT. 3» ^..^. \>J^^ *^:iHH:;:5*s;s«i W}\\ QUipY ^DJUTQS. p^ :;s>*^;s*s;s*5::s OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United ■ilites, w:is l>orn in tlie rural lionic of his lionored father, John Adams, in Qiiincy, Mass., on the I I th cf July, 1767. His mother, a woman of exaUed worth, wattlied over his childliood during the ahnost constant ab- sence of his father. When but eight years of age, he stood with his mother oii an eminence, listen- ing to tlie booming of the great bat- tle on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on \\\iQ\\ the smoke and flames billow- ing ui) from the conflagration of Charlestown. When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of hi& mother, to sail with his father for Europe, through a lleet ol iiostile liritisli cruisers. The bright, .luimated boy spent a year and a half in Paris, where Ills father was associated with Franklin and Lee as minister plenipotentiary. His intelligence attracted the notice of these distinguished men, and he received from tiiem llatlering marks Of attention. Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this cour.try, in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad. Again jol.n Quincv accompanied his father. At Paris he ap|)lied iiimself with great diligence, for si.\ months, to r.tudy; then accompained his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in .Amsterdam, then the University at Leyden. About a year from this time, in 17 81, when the manly boy was but fourteen yea's of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our min- ister to the Russian court, as his private secretary-. In this school of incessant labor and of enobling rulture he spent fourteen months, and then returned to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. This long journey he took alone, in the winter, when in his sixteenth year. Again he resumed rus studies, under a pri"ate tutor, at Hague. Thence, in the spring of 1782, he accompanied his father t,' Paris, traveling leisurely, and forming acipiaintanct with tiie most distinguished men on the Continent examining architectural remains, galleries of |>aintings and all renowned works of art. At Paris he agaiii became associated with the most illustrious men o( all lands in the conteini)lations of the loftiest temjxjral themes which can engross the human mind. Afte" a short visit to England he returned to Paris, and consecrated all his energies to study until May, 1785, when he returned to America. To a brilliant young man of eighteen, who had seen much of the world, and who was familiar with the etiquette of courts, a tesidence with his father in London, under such cir- cumstances, must have been extremely attractive but with judgment very rare in one of his age, he pre- ferred to return to America to complete his education in an American college. He wished then to study law, that with an honorable ])rofession, he might be able to obtain an independent sup[)ort. Ujxjn leaving Harvard College, at the age of twenty he studied law for three years. In June, 1794, be- ing then but twenty-seven years of age, he was ap- |)ointed by Washington, resident minister at the Netiierlands. Sailing from Boston in July, he reached Ix)ndon in October, where he was immediately admit- ted to the deliberations of Messrs. Jay and Pinckney. assisting them in negotiating a commercial treaty with Great liritian. After thus spending a fortnight ii London, he proceeded to the Hague. In July, 1797, he left the Hague to go to Portugal as minister plenipotentiary. On his way to Portugal, upon arriving in London, he met with despatches directing him to the court of Beiiin, but requesting him to remain in London until he should receive hip instructions. While waiting he was married to ar American lady to whom he had been previously en- gaged, — Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson, daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American consul in london a lady endownd with that beauty and those accom- plishment which eminently fitted her to move in ti4 elevated sphere for which she was tJAS'iced JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. He reached Ik-rlin with his wife in November, 1797 ; where lie remained until July, 1799, w|-.en, havingl'iil- lilled all the purixjses of his mission, lie solicited liis recall. Soon after his return, in 1802, he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts, from lioston, and tiien was elected Senator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his ex[)erience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that l)ody. Especially did he sustain the (loscrn- ment in its measures of resistance to the encroach- ments of England, destroying our commerce and in- sulting our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these jxjints, and no one more resolved to present a firm resistance. In 1809, Madison succeeded Jefferson in the Pres- idential chair, and he immediately nominated John Quincy Adams minister to St. Petersburg. Resign- ing his professorship in Harvard College, he embarked at Boston, in August, 1809. While in Russia, Mr. Adams was an intense stu- dent. He devoted his attention to the language and history of Russia; to the Chinese trade; to the European system of weights, measures, and coins ; to the climate and astronomical observations ; while he Kept up a familiar acquaintance with the Greek and Latin classics. In all the universities of Europe, a more accomplished scholar could scarcely be found. All through life the Bible constituted an important part of his studies. It was his rule to read five chapters every day. On the 4th of March, 1817, Mr. .Monroe took the Presidential chair, and immediately apiwinted Mr. Adams Secretary of State. Taking leave of his num- erous friends in public and private life in Europe, he sailed in June, 1819, for the United States. On the i8th of August, he again crossed the threshold of his home in Quincy. During the eight years of Mr. Mon- roe's administration, Mr. .^dams continued Secretary of State. Some time before '.he close of Mr. Monroe's second term of office, new candidates began to lie presented for the Presidency. The friends of Mr. .\dams brought forward his name. It was an exciting campaign. Party spirit was never more bitter. Two hundred and sixty electoral votes were cast. Andrew Jackson re- ceived ninety-nine; John Quincy .^danis, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one; Henry Clay, thirty- seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and be was elected. The friends of all the disappointed candidates now -.ombined in a venomous and persistent assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more disgraceful in •l>« paist history of our country than the abuse which was ix)ured in one uninterrupted stream, ujxjn this iiigh-minded, upright, patriotic man. There never was an administration more pure in principles, more con- scientiously devoted to ilie best interests of the coun- try, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, per- haps, was there an administration more unscrupu- lously and outrageously assailed. Mr. Adams was, to a very remarkable degree, ab- stemious and temperate in his habits; always rising early, and taking much exercise. When at his home in Quincy, he has been known to walk, before breakfast, seven miles to Boston. In Washington, it was said that he was the first man up in the city, lighting his own fire and applying himself to work in his library often long before dawn. On the 4th of March, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Andrew Jackson. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice Presi- dent. The slavery question now began to assume [Xirtentous magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy and to his studies, which he pursued with un- abated zeal. But he was not long [jermitted to re- main in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected representative to Congress. Eor seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post as repre- sentative, towering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle' for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloipient." Upon taking his seat in the House, he announced that he should hold him- self bound to no party. Probably there never was a member more devoted to his duties. He was usually the first in his [)lace in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could be brought forward and escape his scrutiny. The battle which Mr. Adams fought, almost singly, agains' the proslavery party in the Government, was sublime in Its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the grand jury with expulsion from the House, with assassination . but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. It has been said of President Adams, that when his body was bent and his hair silvered by the lapse of fourscore years, yielding to the sinijile faith of a little child, he was accustomed to repeat every night, before he slept, the prayer which his mother tauglit him in his infant years. On the 2ist of February, 1S4S, he rose on the floor of Congress, with a paper in his hand, to address the speaker. Suddenly he fell, again stricken by paraly- sis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless, as he was conveyed to the sofa in the rotunda. With reviving conscious- ness, he opened his eyes, Uxikcd calmly around and said " This is the end of i-arlli ."then after a moment > ])ause he added, " I am (ontent" These were the last words of the grand "Old Man Eloquent." SE VENTH PRESinENT. *1 ^^JPJ^J^S^ f*f.^^f ¥ i -\i.l h> obtaining their exchange, and took her sick boys home. After a long illnjsi .Andrew recovered, and the death of his mother soon left him entirely friendless. Andrew supported himself in various ways, such as working at the saddler's trade, teaching school and clerking in a general store, until 1784, when he entered a law office at Salisbury, N. C. He, however, gave more attention to the wild amusements of the times than to his studies. In 1788, he was apix)inted solicitor for the western district of North Carolina, ol which Tennessee was then a part. This involved many long and tedious journeys amid dangers of every kind, but .Andrew Jackson never knew fear and the Indians had no desire to repeat a skirmisl* with the Sharp Knife. In 1791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supposed herself divorced from her former husband. Great was the surprise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditions of the divorce had just been definitely settled by the first husband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occur- rence was often used by his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor. During these years he worked hard at his profes sion, and frequently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was espec- ially disgraceful. In January, 1796, the Territory of Tennessee then containing nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, the people met in convention at Knoxville to frame a con- stitution. Five were sent from each of the elevn, counties. .Andrew Jackson was one of the delegare?.' The new .State was entitled to but one member i-j the National House of Representatives. Andrew Jaclt- son was chosen that member. Mounting his horse he rode to Pliiledelphia, where Congress then held its ANDREW JACKSON. sessions, — a disUince of about eight hundred miles. Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Demo- cratic pxrty. Jefferson was liis idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, Gen. Washington, whose second term of office was then e.vpiiing, delivered his iast speech to Congress. K committee drew uj) a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve of the address, and was one of the twelve who voted against it. He was not willing to say that Gen. Washington's adminstration had been " wise, firm and patriotic." Mr. Jackson was elected to the United States Senate in 1797, but soon resigned and returned home. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of his Slate, which ])osition he held for si.x years. When the war of 1812 with Great Britian com- menced, Madison occupied the Presidential chair. Aaron Burr sent word to the President that there was an unknown man in the West, Andrew Jackson, who would do credit to a commission if one were con- ferred uixjn him. Just at that time Gen. Jackson jffeied his services and those of twenty-five hundred volunteers. His offer was accepted, and the troops were assembled at Nashville. As the British were hourly exjiected to make an at- tack upon New Orleans, where Gen. Wilkinson was in command, he was ordered to descend the river with fifteen hundred troops to aid Wilkinson. The expedition reached Natchez; and after a delay of sev- eral weeks there, without accomi)lishing anything, !he men were ordered back to their homes. But the energy Gen. Jackson had displayed, and his entire devotion to the comrfort of his soldiers, won him golden opinions; and he became the most popular man in the State. It was in this expedition that his toughness gave him the nickname of " Old Hickory." Soon after this, while attempting to horsewhip Col. Thomas H. Benton, for a remark that gentleman made about his taking a part as second in a duel, in which a younger brother of Benton's was engaged, he received two severe pistol wounds. While he was lingering upon a bed of suffering news came that the Indians, who had combined under Tecumseh from Florida to the Lakes, to exterminate the white set- tlers, were committing the most awful ravages. De- cisive action became necessary. Gen. Jackson, with his fractured bone just beginning to heal, his arm in a sling, and unable to mount his horse without assis- tance, gave his amazing energies to the raising of an army to rendezvous at Fayettesville, .Alabama. The Creek Indians had established a strong fort on one of the bendsof the Tallapoosa River, near the cen- ter of Alabama, about fifty miles below Fort Strother. With an army of two thoiisand men, (ien. Jackson traversed the pathless wilderness in a march of eleven days. He reached their fort, called Tohopeka or Horse-shoe, on the 27th of March. 1814. The bend of the river enclosed nearly one hundred acres of tangled forest and wild ravine. Ackjss the narrow neck the Indians had constructed a formidable brea.st- work of logs and brush. Here nine hundred warriors, with an ample suplyof arms were assembled. The fort was stormed. The fight was utterly des- perate. Not an Indian would accept of qtiarter. When bleeding and dying, they would fight those who en- deavored to spare their lives. From ten in the morn- ing until dark, the battle raged. The carnage was awful and revolting. Some threw themselves into the river; l)ut the unerring bullet struck their heads as they swam. Nearly everyone of the nine hundred war- rios were killed A few probably, in the night, swam the river and escaped. This ended the war. The ])ower of the Creeks was broken forever. This bold plunge into the wilderness, with its terriffic slaughter, so appalled the savages, that the haggard remnants of the bands caaie to the camp, begging for peace. This closing of the Creek war enabled us to con- centrate all our militia ujxjn the British, who were the allies of the Indians No man of less resolute will than Gen. Jackson could have conducted this Indian campaign to so successful an issue Immediately la- was apjxiinted major-general. Late in August, with an army of two thousand men, on a rushing march, Gen. Jackson came to Mobile. A British fleet came from Pensacola, landed a force upon the beach, anchored near the little fort, and from both ship and shore commenced a furious assault. The battle was long and doubtful. At length one of the ships was blown up and the rest retired. Garrisoning Mobile, where he had taken his little army, he moved his troops to New Orleans, And the battle of New Orleans which soon ensued, was in reality a very arduous campaign. This won for Gen. Jackson an imperishable name. Here his troops, which numbered about four thousand men, won a signal victory over the British army of about nine thousand. His loss was but thirteen, while the loss of the British was two thousand six iiundred. The name of Gen. Jackson soon began to be men- tioned in connection with the Presidency, but, in 1824, he was defeated by Mr. Adams. He was, however, successful in the election of r828, and was re-elected for a second term in 1832. In 1829, just before he assumed the reins of the government, he met with the most terrible affliction of his life in the death of his wife, whom he had loved with a devotion which has perhaps never been surpassed. From tlie shock of her death he never recovered. His administration was one of the most memorable in the annals of our country; applauded' oyone party, condemned by the other. No man had more bitter enemies or warmer friends. At the expiration of his two terms of office he retired to the Hermitage, when; he died June 8, 1845. The last years of Mr. Jack- son's life were that of a devoted Christian man. 'J y / 1 ^O^Cr ^^^^J <^^.^^<:^^ EIGHTH PRESIDENT. ^^^^:i^-\®fmj^^^T \WW^^ W^ BHREI] .^« ^ ■^l ARTIN VAN BUREN, the eighth President of the United States, was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1782. He died at the same place, July 24, 1862. His body rests in the cemetery at Kinderhook. Above it is a plain granite shaft fifteen feet high, bearing a simple inscription about half way up on one face. The lot is unfenced, unbordered or unbounded by shrub or flower. There '•• uut ilttle in the life of Martin Van Buren of roman' c interest. He fought no battles, engaged in no wild adventures. Though his life was stormy in political and intellectual conflicts, and he gained many signal victories, his days passed uneventful in those incidents which give zest to biography. His an- cestors, as his name indicates, were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Holland to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a farmer, residing iu the old town of Kinderhook. His mother, also of Dutch lineage, was a woman of superior intel- ligence and exemplary piety. ^■fe was decidedly a precocious boy, developing un- usual activity, vigor and strength of mind. At the age of fourteen, he had finished his academic studies in his native village, and commenced the study of !aw. As he had not a collegiate education, seven years of study in a law-office were required of him Oefore he could be admitted to the bar. Inspired with J. lofty aml)ition, and conscious of his powers, he pur- sued his studies with indefatigable industry. After spending six years in an office in His native village, he went to the city of New York, and prosecuted his studies for the seventh year. In 1803, Mr. Van Buren, then twenty-one years ol age, commenced the practice of law in his native vil- lage. The great conflict between the Federal and Republican party was then at its height. Mr. Van Buren was from the beginning a politician. He had, perhaps, imbibed that spirit while listening to the many discussions which had been carried on in his father's hotel. He was in cordial sympathy with Jefferson, and earnestly and eloquently espoused the cause of .State Rights ; though at thai time the Fed- eral party held the supremacy both in his town and State. His success and increasing ruputation led him after six years of practice, to remove to Hudson, th/ county seat of his county. Here he spent seven years, constantly gaining strength by contending in tht courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. Just before leaving Kinderhook for Hudson, Mi. Van Buren married a lady alike distinguished for beauty and accomplishments. After twelve short years she sank into the grave, the victim of consump. tion, leaving her husband and four sons to weep ovei her loss. For twenty-five years, Mr. Van Buren was; an earnest, successful, assiduous lawyer. The record of those years is barren in items of public interest. In i8r 2, when thirty years of age, he was chosen to the State Senate, and gave his strenuous support to Mr. Madison's adminstration. In 1815, he was a]-.- pointed Attorney-General, and the next year moved to Albany, the capital of the State. 'iVhile he was ackno\\'ledged as one of the most p ominent leaders of the Democratic party, he hao 4« MARTIN VAN BUR EN. the moral courage to avow that true democracy did not require that " universal suffrage" which admits the vile, tlic degraded, the ignorant, to the right uf governing the State. In true consistency with his democratic principles, he contended that, while the ]iath leading to the privilege of voting should be open lo every man without distinction, no one should be invested with that sacred (jrerogative, unless he were in some degree cjualilied for it by intelligence, virtue and some property interests in the welfare of the State. In 182 I he was elected :. member of the United States Seriate; and in the same year, he took a seat m the convention to revise the constitution of his native State. His course in this convention secured the approval of men of all parties. No one could doubt the singleness of his endeavors to promote the interests of all classes in the community. In the Senate of the United States, he rose at once to a -onspicuous position as an active and useful legislator. In 1827, John Quincy Adams being then in the Vresidential chair, Mr. Van Buren was re-elected to .he Senate. He had been from the beginning a de- •ermined opixjser of the Administration, adopting the ■'State Rights " view in opposition to what was Jeemed the Federal proclivities of Mr. Adams. Soon after this, in 1828, he was chosen Governorof the State of New York, and accordingly resigned his %eat in the Senate. Probably no one in the United States contributed so much towards ejecting John Q. Adams from the Presidential chair, and placing in it Andrew Jackson, as did Martin Van Buren. Whether entitled to the reputation or not, he certainly was re- garded througiiout the United States as one of the most skillful, sagacious and cunning of politicians, '.t was supiK)sed that no one knew so well as he how !o touch the secret spiings of action; how to pull all ;he wires to put his machinery in motion; and how to organize a jwlitical army which would, secretly and ste.ilthily accomplish the most gigantic results. By these [xjwers it is said that he outv/itted Mr. Adams, Mr. Clay, Mr. ^V'ebster, and secured results wliich few thought then could be .accomplished. When .\ndrew Jackson was elected President he apiiointed Mr. Van Buren Secretary of State. This jxisition he resigned in 1831, and was immediately apix)inted Minister to England, where he went the same autumn. The Senate, however, when it met, 'ef'ised to ratify the nomination, and he returned home, apparently untroubled ; was nominated Vice President in the place of Calhoun, at the re-election of President Jackson; and with smiles for all and fiowns for none, he took his pl.ace at the head of tlut Senate which h.id refused to confirm iiis nomination as ambassador. His rejection by the Senate roused all the zeal o{ President Jackson in behalf of his repudiated favor- ite; and this, probably more than any other cause, secured his elevation to the chair of the Chief Execu tive. On the 20th of May, 1836, Mr. Van Buren re- ceived the Democratic nomination to succeed Cen. Jackson as President of the United States. He was elected by a handsome m.njority, to the delight of the retiring President. " Leaving New York out of the canvass," says Mr. Parton, "the election of Mr. Van Buren to the Presidency was as much the act of Gen. Jackson as though the Constitution had conferred upon him the power to apjwint a successor." His administration was filled with exciting events. The insurrection in Canada, which threatened to in- volve this country in war with England, the agitation of the slavery question, and finally the great commer- cial i)anic which spread over the country, all were trials to his wisdom. The financial distress was at- tributed to the management of the Democratic party, and brought the President into such disfavor that lie failed of re-election. With the exception of being nominated for the Presidency by the "Free Soil" Democrats, in 1848, Mr. Van Buren lived cpiietly u|)on his estate until his death. He had ever been a prudent man, of frugal habits, and living within his income, had now fortunately a competence for his declining years. His unblemished character, his commanding abilities, his unquestioned patriotism, and the distinguished [xasitions which he had occupied in the government of our country, se- cured to him not only the homage of his party, but the respect ot the whole community. It was on the 4th of March, 1841, that Mr. Van Buren retired from the |)residency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald. he still exerted a powerful influence uiwn the politics of the countr)'. From this time until his death, on the 24th of July, 1862, at the age of eighty -ears, he resided at Lindenwald, a gentleman of leisure, of culture and of wealth; enjoying in a healthy old age, probably far more happiness than he had before exi)erienced amid the stormy scenes of his active life^ Ic^. M^am-^ NINTH PRESIDENT. Wfil/iMM TOIK E41^1il, ^(' '^ ;f ILLIAM HENRY HARRI- SON, the ninth President of the United States, was born at Berkeley, Va., Feb. 9, 1773. His father, Benjamin Harri- son, was in comparatively op- ulent circumstances, and was on^ of the most distinguished men of his day. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, w as early elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was conspicuous among the patriots of Virginia in resisting the encroachments of the British crown. In the celebrated Congress of 1775, Benjamin Har- rison and John Hancock were both candidates for the office of speaker. fMr Harrison was subsequently chosen Governor of Virginia, and was twice re-elected. His son, i William Henry, of course enjoyed in childhood all the advantages which wealth and intellectual and cultivated society could give. Hav- ing received a thorough comnion-school education, he entered Hampden Sidney College, where he graduated with honor soor. after the death of his father. He ciien repaired to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instructions of Dr. Rush and the guardianship of lObert Morris, both of whom were, with his father, signers of the Declaration of Independence. Jpon the outbreak of the Indian troubles, and not- withstanding the 'emonstrances of his friends, he joandoned his medical studies and entered the army, .laving obtair"^H .1 commission of Ensign from Presi- dent Washington. He was then but 19 years old From that time he passed gradually upward in rank until he became aid to General Wayne, after whose death he resigned his commission. He was then ai)- pointed Secretary of the North-western Territory. This Territory was then entitled to but one member in Congress and Capt. Harrison was chosen to fill that lX)sition. In the spring of 1800 the North-western Territory was divided by Congress into two jxartions. The eastern portion, comprising the region now embraced in the State of Ohio, was called " The Territory north-west of the Ohio." The western portion, which included what is now called Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, was called the "Indiana Territory." Wil . liam Henry Harrison, then 27 years of age, was ap I»inted by John Adams, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and immediately after, also Governor of Upper Ix)uisiana. He was thus ruler over almost as extensive a realm as any sovereign ujx)!! the globe. He was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and was in- vested with powers nearly dictatorial over the now rapidly increasing white jwpulation. The abilitv and fidelity with which he discharged these responsible duties may be inferred from the fact that he was four times apjxjinted to tliis office — first by John Adams, twice by Thomas Jefferson and afterwards by Presi- dent Madison. When he began his adminstration there were but threewhite setilementsin that almost boundless region, now crowded with cities and resounding with all the tumult of wealth and traffic. Oneof these settlements was on the Ohio, nearly opposite Ix)uisville; one at Vincennes, on the Wabash, and the third a French settlement. The vast wilderness over which Gov. Harrisou reigned was filled with many tribes of Indians. Abon' LIBRARY UNIVERSITY Of ILLIMOi* n yitBANA-CHAMPAiail WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. tlie year 1806, two cxir.ioriliiiary inci , twin brothers, of the Shawiiese tribe, rose among iheni. Or.e of ihese was called recuiuseh, or " The Crouchiiij; Paniher;" the other, Olliwacheca, or "'I'hc Prophet." Tecumseh was not only an Indian warrior, but a man of great sagacity, far-reaching foresight and indomit- able perseverance in any enterprise m whicli he might engage. He was inspired with the higliest enthusiasm, and had long regarded «'ilh dread and with haired the encroachment of the whiles upon the hunting- groiinds of liis fathers. His brother, the Prophet, was .Tnorator, who could sway the feelings of the untuloretl Indian as the gale tossed the tree-tops beneath which ihey dwelt. But the Prophet was not merely an orator: he was, i 1 the superstitious minds of the Indians, invested with the superhuman dignity of a medicine-man or a magician. With an enthusiasm unsurpassed by Peter the Hermit rousing Europe to the crusades, he went from tribe to tribe, assuming that he was sjiecially sent by the Gicat Spirit. Gov. Harrison made many attempts to conciliate the Indians, but at last the war came, and at 'ri[)pe- canoe the Indians were routed with great slaughter. October 28, 1812, his army began its march. When near the Prophet's town three Indians of rank made their appearance and inquired why Gov. Harri-on was approaching them in so hostile an attitude. After a short conference, arrangements were made for a meet- ing the next day, to agree uixjn terms of [)eace. But Gov. Harrison was loo well acquainted wiili the Indian character to be deceived by such jjrotes- tations Selecting a favoralile sjxjt for his night's en- cami)ment, he took every i)recaution against surprise His troops were [xssted in a hollow sciuare, and slept upon their arms. The troops threw themselves ujwn the ground for rest; but every man had his accourtrenients on, his loaded musket by his side, and his bayonet fixed. The wakeful Governor, between three and four o'clock in the morning, had risen, and was sitting in conversa- tion with his aids by the embers of a waning fire. It was a (hill, cloudy morning with a drizzling rain. In the darkness, the Indians had crept as near as |X)ssi- ble, and j'lst then, with a savage yell, rushed, with all the dL'speration which superstition and [)assion most highly inflamed could give, u|X)n the left flank of the little army. The savages had been amply provided with guns and ammunition by the English. Their war-whoop was accompained by a shower of bullets. The camp-fires were instantly extinguished, as the light aided the Indians in their aim. With hide- fus yells, the Indian bands rushed on, not doublir.ga speedy and an entire victory. But Gen. Harrison's troops stood as immovable as the rocks around them until day dawned : they then m.ade a simultaneous charge with the bavonet, and swept every thing be- lore them, and completely routing th*" foe (jov. Harrison now had all his energies tasked 1 to the utmost. The British descending from the Can- adas, were ol themselves a very formidable force ; but with their savage allies, rushing like wolves from tlh forest, sear-hing out every remote farm-house, burn- ing, plundering, sc.ili)iiig, torturing, the wide frontier was plunged into a state of consternation which even the most vivid imagination can but faintly conceive. The war-whoop was resounding everywhere in the forest. The horizon was illuminated with the conflagra- tion of the cabins of the settlers. Gen Hull had made the ignominious surrender of his forces at Detroit. Under these despairing circumstances. Gov. Harrison was apix)inted by President Madison commander-in- chief of the North-western army, with orders to retake Detroit, and to protect the frontiers. It would l)e difficult to place a man in a situation demanding more energy, sagacity and courage; but General Ilarrison was found equal to the position, and nobly and triumphantly did he meet all the re sixjnsibiiities. He won the love of his soldiers by always sharing with them their fatigue. His whole baggage, whik pursuing the foe up the Thames, was carried in a valise; and his bedding consisted of a single blanket lashed over his saddle Thirty-five British officers, his prisoners of war, supped with him after the battle. The oiily fare he could give them was beef roasted before the fire, without bread or salt. In 1816, Gen. Harrison was chosen a member ot the National House of Representatives, to represent the District of Ohio. In Congress he proved an active member; and whenever he spoke, it was with force of reason and power of elocjuence, which arrested the attention of all the members. In 1819, Harrison was elected to the Senate ol Ohio; and in 1824, as one of the presidential electois of that State, he gave his vote for Henry Clay. Tli same year he was chosen totiie L'nited States Senait. In 1836, the friends of Gen. Harrison brought him forward as a candidate for the Presidency against Van Buren, but he was defeated. At the close of Mr. Van Buren's term, he was re-nomirated by his party, and Mr. Harrison was imanimously nominated by the Whigs, with John 'Tyler for the Vice Presidency. 'The contest was very animated. Gen Jackson gave all his influence to prevent Harrison's election ; but his triumph was signal. The cabinet which he formed, witli Daniel Webster at its head as Secretary of State, was one of the most brilliant with which any President had ever bei-n surrounded. Never were the prospects of an admin- istration more flattering, or the hopes of the country more sanguine. In the midst of these bright and joyous prospects. Gen. Harrison was seized l;y a pleurisy-fever and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died on the 4th of .April ; just one month afle' his inauguration as President of the United State .. x^ufOTL MJ (^'Y TENTH PRF.SIDENT. OHN TYLER, the tenth I'lesidentof the United States. He was born in Charles-city Co., Va., March 29, 1790. He was the favored child of af- fluence and high social po- sition. At the early age of twelve, John entered William and Mary College and grad- uated with much honor when but seventeen years old. After graduating, he devoted him- self with great assiduity to the study of law, partly with his father and partly with Edmund Randolph, one of the most distin- guished lawyers of Virginia. At nineteen years of age, ne commenced the practice of law. His success was rapid and aston- ishing. It is said that three mouths had not elapsed ere there was scarcely a case on the dock- et of the court in which he was ;. n retained. When but twenty-one years of age, he was almost unanimously e'ected to a seat in the State Legislature. He connected himself with the Demo- I ratic party, and warmly advocated the measures of lefferson and Madison.' For five successive years he \vi:s elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote or his county. When but twenty-six years of age, he was elected 1 member of Congress. Here he acted earnestly and ably with the Democratic party, opposing a national i)ank, inter-Ill improvements by the General f^jvern- ment, a protective tariff, and advocating a strict con- struction of the Constitution, and the most careful vigilance over State rights. His labors in Congress were so arduous that before the close of his second term \\i found it necessary to resign aud retire to his estate in Charles-city Co., to recruit his health. He. however, soon after consented to take his seat in the State Legislature, where his influence was powerful in promoting public works of great utility. With a reputation thus canstantly increasing, he was chosen by a very large majority of votes. Governor of his native State. His adininistration was signally a suc- cessful one. His popularity secured his re-election. John Randolph, a brilliant, erratic, half-crazed man, then represented Virginia in the Senate of the United States. A portion of the Democratic party was displeased with Mr. Randolph's wayward course, and brought forward John Tyler as his op|X3nent, considering him the only man in Virginia of sufficient popularity to succeed against the renowned orator of Roanoke. Mr. Tyler was the victor. \\\ accordance with his professions, upon taking his seat in the Senate, he joined the ranks of the opposi- tion. He opposed the tariff; he spoke against and voted against the bank as unconstitutional ; he stren- uously opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resist- ing all projects of internal improvements by the Gen- eral Government, and avowed his sympathy with Mr. Calhoun's view of nullification ; he declared that Gen. Jackson, liy his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the" piinciples of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress, — a record in perfect accordance with the principles which be had always avowed. Returning to Virginia, he resumed the practice of his profession. There was a rplit in the Democraii. JOHN TYLER, ^;irty. His friends slill regarded him as a true Jel- iersoiiian, gave him a dinner, and showered comiiU- nienis uixjn lii.n. He luid now attained the age of forty-six. His career had been very brilliant. In con- sequence of his devotion to inihlic business, liis pri- vate alTaifs had fallen into some disorder; and it was not williout satisfaction that he resumed the practice of law, and devoted himself to the culiui e of his |)lan- tation. Soon after this he remoied to Williamsburg, for the better education of his children ; and he again took his seal in the Legi>lature ol \iiginia. 15y the Southern Whigs, he was sent to the national convention at Harrisburg to nominate a President in • 839. The majority of votes were given to Gen. Har- rison, a genuine Whig, much to the disa[)iK)intment of the South, who wished for Henry Clay. To concili- ate the Southern Whigs and to secure their vote, the convention then nominated John Tyler for Vice Pres- ident. It was well known tluit he was not in sympa- thy with the Whig party in the No:tli: but the Vice President has but very little [wwer in the Govern- ment, his main and almost only duty being to pre- side over the meetings of the Senate. Thus it hap- Ijened that a Whig President, and, in reality, a Democratic Vice President were chosen. In 1 84 1, Mr. Tyler was inaugurated Vice Presi- dent of the United States. In one short month from that time, President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler thuj .and himself, to his own surprise and that of the whole Nation, an occupant of the Presidential chair. This was a new test of the stability of our institutions, as it was the first time in the history of our country that such an event had occiired. Mr. Fyler was at home in Williamsburg when he received the ane.xpected tidings of the death of President Harri- son. He hastened to Washington, and on the 6th of j^pril -.vas inaugurated to the high and responsible office. He was placed in a ])Osition of exceeding delicacy and difficulty. All his longlife he had been opiX)sed tc the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. He had ever been a con- sistent. honc:t man, with an unblemished record. Gen. Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with coun- sellors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or, on the other hand, should he turn against the party whici: had elected him and select a cabinet in har- n.ony with himself, and which would opiwse all those ciews which the Whigs deemed essential to the i)ub- lic welfare? This was his fearful dilemma. He in- vited the cabinet which President Harjison had selected to retain their seats. He reccomm 'nded a day of fasting and prayer, that God would guide and l)less us. The Whigs carried through Congress a hill for the incor|)oration of a fiscal hank of the United States The President, after ten days delay, returned it wiili nis veto. He 'flUceestcd. however, that he Arould aijpiove Ol a bill drawn up ujxjn such a plan as he pro(Xjscd. Such a bill was accordingly prepared, and privately submitted to him. He gave it his approval. It was passed without alteration, and he sent it back with his veto. Here commenced the open rui)ture. It is said that Mr. Tyler was [irovoked to this meas- ure by a published letter fiom the Hon. John M. Botts, a distinguished Virginia Whig, who severely touched the pride of the President. The opposition now exultingly received the Presi- dent into their arms. 'The parly whii h elected him denounced him bitterly. .Ml the members of his cabinet, excepting Mr. Webster, resigned. The Whigs of Congress, both the Senate and the House, held a meeting and issued an address to the |)eople of the United States, proclaiming that all jK^lilical alliance between the \Vhigs and President 'Tyler were at an end. Slill the President attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabniet ol distinguished Whigs and Conservatives, carefully leaving out all strong party men. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, forced out by the pressure of his ^\'hig friends. 'Thus the four years of Mr. Tyler's unfortunate administra- tion passed sadly away. No one was satisfied. 'The land was filled with murmurs and vitu]ieration. Whigs and Democracs alike assailed him. More and more, however, he brought himself into sympathy with his old friends, the nemocrats, until at the close of his term, he gave his whole influence to the sup|)ort of Mr. Polk, the Democriitie candidate for his successor. On the 4th of March, 1845, he retired from the harassments of office, to the regret of neither party, and probably to his own unspeakanle lelief. His first wife, Miss Letitia Christian, died in Washington, in 1842; and in June, 1844, President Tylei was again married, at New Vork, to Miss Julia Gardiner, a young lady of many personal and intellectual accomplishments. The remainder of his days Mr. Tyler passed mainly in retirement at his beautiful home, — Sherwood For- est, Charles-city Co., Va. A polished gentleman in his manners, richly furnished with information from books and experience in the woild, and jxissessing brilliant jxjwers of conversation, his family circle was the scene of unusual attractions. Willi sufficient means for the exercise of a generous hosjiitality, he might have enjoyed a serene old age with the few friends who gathered around him, were it not for the storms of civil war which his own i)rinciples and jxjlicy had helped to introduce. When the great Reliellion rose, which the State- rights and nullifying doctrines of Mr. John C. Cal- houn had inaugurated, President Tyler renounced his allegiance to the United Slates, and joined the Confed- erates. He was chosen a member of their Congress; and while engaged in active measures lo desiroy, by force of arms, the Government over which he h.''■^ once presided, he was taken sick and soon di^-d. w ~vf iSLErENtir-PRESIDEN^T. ^ 5« •^m AMES K. polk:, the eleventh !?kFtesident of the United States, ^ was born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C.,Nov. 2, 1795. His par- y^%. ents were Samuel and Jane (Knox) Polk, the former a son of Col. Thomas Polk, who located at the above place, as one of the first i)ioneers, in 1735. In the year 1S06, with his wife and children, and soon after fol- lowed by most of the members of the Polk famly, Samuel Polk emi- grated some two or three hundred miles farther west, to the rich valley oftlieDiick River. Here in the midst of the wilderness, in a region which was subsequently called Mau- ry Co., tliey reared their log huts, and established their homes. In the liard toil of a new farm in the wil- derness, James K. Polk spent the "early years of his childhood and youth. His father, adding the pur- suit cf a surveyor to that of a farmer, ' gradually increased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. His mother was a superior woman, of strong common sense and earnest piety. Very early in life, James developed a taste for reading and expressed the strongest desire to obtain a liberal education. His mother's training had made him methodical in his habits, had taught him punct- uality and industry, and had inspired him with lofty principles of morality. His health was frail ; and his father, fearing that he might not be able to endure a sedentary life, got a situation for him behind the counter, hojjing to fit him for commercial jiursuits. This was to James a bitter disappointment. He had no taste for these duties, and his daily tasks were irksome in the extreme. He remained in this uncongenial occupation but a few weeks, when at his earnest solicitation his father removed him, and made arrangements for him to prosecute his studies. .Soon after he sent him to Murfreesboro Academy. ^Vith ardor which could scarcely be surpassed, he pressed forward in his studies, and in less than two and a half years, in the autumn of 1815, entered the sophomore, class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Here he was one of the most exemplary of scholars, iiunctual in every exercise, never allowing himself to be absent from a recitation or a religious service. He graduated in 18 18, with the highest honors, be- ing deemed the best scholar of his class, both in mathematics and the classics. He was then twenty- three years of age. Mr. Polk's health was at thi? time much impaired by the assiduity with which he had prosecuted his studies. After a short season of relaxation he went to Nashville, and entered the office of Felix Grundy, to study law. Here Mr. Polk renewed his acquaintance with Andrew Jackson, who resided on his plantation, the Hermitage, but a few miles from Nashville. They had probably been slightly acquainted before. Mr. Polk's father was a Jeffersonian Republican and James K. Polk ever adhered to the same politi- cal faith. He was a popular public speaker, and was constantly called upon to address the meetings of his party friends. His skill as a speaker was such that he was popularly called the Napoleon of the stump. He was a man of unblemished morals, genial and /AMES K. POLK. :oune> us in his bearing, and with that sympathetic natu'"e in the jo) s and griefs of others which ever gave him troops of friends. In 1823, Mr. I'olk was elected to the Legislature of 'I'cnnessee. Here he gave his strong inlluence towards the election of his friend, Mr. Jackson, to the Presidency of the United States. In January, 1S24, Mr. Polk married Miss Sarah Cliildress, of Rutherford Co., Tenn. His bride was altogether worthy of him, — a lady of beauty and cul- ture. In the fall of 1S25, Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress. The satisfaction which he gave to his constituents may be inferred from the fact, that for fourteen successive years, until 1839, he was con- tinuec' in that office. He then voluntarily withdrew, only that he might accept the Gubernatorial chair of 'I'^nnessee. In Congress he was a laborious meio'ier, a frequent and a popular speaker. He was alw.oys in his seat, always courteous ; and whenever he s|X)ke it was always to the |K)int, and without any ambitious rhetorical display. During five sessions of Congress, Mr. Polk was Speaker of the House Strong passions were roused, and stormy scenes were witnessed ; but Mr. Polk per- formed his arduous duties to a very general satisfac- tion, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he withdrew on the 4th of March, 1839. In accordance with Southern usage, Mr. Polk, as a candidate for Governor, canvassed the State. He was elected by a large majority, and on the 14th of Octo- ber, 1839, took tlie oath of office at Nashville. In 1841, his term of offi':c expired, and he was again the can- didate of tlie Democratic party, but was defeated. On the 4th of .March, 1845, Mr. Polk was inaugur- ated President of the United States. The verdict of the country in favor of the annexation of Texas, exerted its influence upon Congress; and tlie last act of tiie administration of President Tyler was to affix his sig- nature to a joint resolution of Congress, passed on the ^d of March, approving of the annexation of Texas to the American Union. As Mexico still claimed Texas as one of her provinces, the Mexican minister, Almonte, immediately demanded his passjxirts and left the country, declaring the act of the annexation to be an act hostile to Mexico. In his first message. President Polk urged that Texas should immediately, by act of Congress, be re- ceived into the Union on the s.nme footing with tlie other States. In tiie nieantime. Gen. Taylor was sent with an army into Texas to hold the country. He va sent first to Nueces, which the Mexicans said wis the western boundary of Texas. Then he was sent 'learK two hundred miles furtiier west, to the Kio Grande, where he erected batteries whicii commanded the Mexican city of Matamoras, which was situated on the western banks. The anticipated collision soon took place, and wa was declared against Mexico by President Polk. The war was piished forward Ijy Mr. Polk's administration with great vigor. Gen. Taylor, whose army was first called one of "observation,"' then of "occu[)ation,' then of " in vasion," was sent forward to Monterey. The feeble Mexicans, in every encounter, were hopelessly ana awfully slaughtered. The day of judgement alone can reveal the misery which this war caused. It v/as by the ingenuity of Mr. Polk's adniinistralion that the war was brought on. 'To the victors belong the sjxjils." Mexico was prostrate before us. Her capital was in our hands. We now consented to peace n[X)n the condition that Mexico should surrender to us, in addition to Texas, all of New Mexico, and all of Upper and Lower Cal- ifornia. This new demand embraced, exclusive of Texas, eight hundred thousand square miles. This was an extent of territory equal to nine States of the size of New York. Thus slavery was securing eighteen majestic States to be added to the Union. There were some Americans who thought it all right : there were others who thought it all wrong. In the prosecution of this war, we expended twenty thousand lives ami more than a hundred million of dollars. Of this money fifteen millions were paid to Mexico. On the 3d of March, 1849, Mr. Polk retired from office, having served one term. The next day was Sunday. On the 5th, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated as his successor. Mr Polk rode to the Capitol in the same carriage with Gen. Taylor; and the same even- ing, with Mrs. Polk, he commenced his return to Tennessee. He was then but fifty-four years of age. He had ever been strictly temperate in all his habits, and his health was good With an ample fortune, a choice library, a cultivated mind, and domestic ties of the dearest nature, it seemed as though long years of tranquility and happiness were before him. But the cholera — that fearful scourge— was then sweeping up the Valley of the Mississippi. This he contracted, and died on the isth of June, 1849, in the fiftv. fourth year of his age, greatly mourned by his counuymen. J ^rvry^^. ,^ J^^/^.y TWELFTH PRESIDENT. ;?4 ture, death by the most agonizing and prolonged tor- ture. No pen can describe, no immagination can conceive the scenes which ensued, Tiie savages suc- ceeded in setting lire to one of the block houses^ Until si,x o'clock in the morning, this awful conflict continued. The savages then, baffled at every point and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this gallant defence, was promoted to tlie rank of major by brevet. Until the close of the war, MajorTaylor was placed in such situations that he saw but little more of active service. He was sent far away into the depths of the wilderness, to Fort Crawford, on Fox River, which empties into Green Bay. Here there was but little to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no liooks, no society, no in- 6a ZACHARY TAYLOR telleciii.ii siiiiiiilus. Thus with him the uneventful vean; roUeil on Ciraiiiially he rose to the rank ol ■:olonel. In the lilack Hawk war, which resuhed in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col 'I'aylor took a subordinate l)ut a brave and cfticient part. V'or twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defence of the frontiers, in scenes so remote, and in employments so obscure, that his name was unknown beyond the limits of his own immediate acquaintance. In the year 1S36, he was sent to Florida to compel the Seminole Indians to vacate that region and re- tire beyond the Mississii)pi, as their chiefs by tre.ily, iiac' promised they should do. The services rendered ne.e secured for Col. Taylor the high appreciation of ihc Government; and as a reward, he was elevated jc ;he rank of brigailier-general l>y brevet; and soon after, in May, 1838, was ap[X)inted to the chief com- nand of '.he United States troops in Florida. After two years of sncli wearisome employment imidst the everglades of the peninsula, Gen. Taylor )blaincd, at his own rciiuest, a change of command, ;nd was stationed over the Department of the South- *est. This field embraced I.ouisiana, Mississippi, .Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters jjl Fort Jessup, in Louisiana, he removed his Himily f\o a plantation which he purchased, near Baton Rogue. n>^re he remained for five years, buried, as it were, fiom the world, but faithfully discharging every duty jii\ix)sed uixjn him. In 1846, (ien. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river "being the boundary of Texas, which was tlien claimed by the United States. Soon the war with Me.\ico Wt..; brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca dc la PaJma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the Mexicans. The rank of major-general by brevet was then conferred upon (ien. Taylor, and his name was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in tlie Nation. Then came the battles of Monterey and Euena Vista in which he won signal victories over liices much larger than he commanded. His careless habits of dress and iiis unaffected niinjilicity, secured for Gen. Taylor among his troops, '■{e Si>/'n'(/uc/ of "Old Rough and Ready.' Tue tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista reread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. The n.. me of (jen. Taylor was on every one's lips. The H hig party decided to take advantage of this wonder- fu/ [xjpularity in bringing forward the unpolished, un- ■' '■■ed, honest soldier as their candidate for the I'lesidency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the an- ncuncement, and for a time would not listen toit; de- cbiring that he was not at al! qualified for such an oftice. So little interest had he taken in |K)litics that, for forty years, he had n«t cast a vote. It was not wnhout chagrin that several distinguished statesmen ivlio had been long vears in the public service found •i. iir claims set aside in behalf of one *liOse name had never been heard of, save in connection with I'alo Alto, Resaca de la Falma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste re- marked, " it is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an elocpient spe.iker nor a fine writer His friends took [xjssession of him, and |)re- pared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The jxipularity of the successful warrior swei)t the land. He was tri- umphantly elected over two opiKJsing candidates, — (ien. t'ass and Kx-Piesideiu Martin Van Buren. Tiiough he selected an excellent cabinet, che good old man found himself in a very uncongenial jxasition, and was, at times, sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental sufTerings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten his death. The pro-slavery |)arty was pusiiing its claims with tireless energy, ex])edi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba ; '",alifornia was pleading for admission to the Union, while slavery stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political contlicts in Washington to Le far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians In the midst of all these troubles, Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died on the gihof July, 1850. His last words were, " I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeavored to do my duty." He died universally respected and beloved. An honest, un- pretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affections of the people; and the Nation bitterly la- mented his death. Gen. Scott, who was thoioughly acciuainted with Gen. Taylor, gave the following graphic and truthful description of his character:—" With a good store of common sense, Gen. Taylor's mind had not been en- larged and refreshed by reading, or much converse with the world. Rigidity of ideas was the conse-' quence. The frontiers and small military posts had been his home. Hence he was quite ignorant for his rank, and quite bigoted in his ignorance. His sim- plicity was child-like, and with innumerable preju- dices, amusing and incorrigible, well suited to the tender age. Thus, if a man, however respectable, chanced to wear a coat of an unusual color, or his hat a little on one side of his head; or an officer to leave a corner of his handkerchief dangling from an out- side pocket, — in any such case, this critic held the offender to be a coxcomb (perhaps something worse), whom he would not, to use his oft repeated jihrase, 'touch with a jiair of tongs.' "Any allusion to literature beyond good old Dil- worth's spelling-book, on the part of one wearing a sword, was evidence, with the same judge, of utter unfitness for heavy marchings and combats. Inshorf few men have ever had a more comforta:.'".'^ l•'»^'^T. saving contempt for learnirg of every kind. •3i«- ■^.cf/..,,/ ,//>?-, „.^ THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT. 67 1 ^MILLflRn FILLMnHE."^ 1 \.''^''^ %^'^''-' {tx''^'*^ ^^''^'''' ^'^''■' j^-j"^''^ ^'"^''^^^3"^''-''^'%'''^^^ '^"^"tgt ■^"■' fi_ 'ill*^ ILLARD FILLMORE, thir- .^ teenth President of the United - States, was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y ., on the 7th of January, 1800. His ■-^ father was a farmer, and ow- ing to misfortune, in humble cir- cumstances. Of his mother, the diughter of Dr. Abiathar Millard, of Pittsfield, Mass., it has been said that she possessed an intellect of very high order, united with much personal loveliness, sweetness of dis- fimsition, graceful manners and ex- quisite sensibilities. She died in 1S31 ; having lived to see her son a young man of distinguished prom- ise, ihough she was not permitted to witness the liigli dignity which he finally attained. In consetpience of the secluded home ar.d limited means of his father, Millard enjoyed but slender ad- vantages for education in his early years. The com- mon schools, which he occasionally attended were very imperfect institutions; and books were scarce and expensive. Tliere was nothing then in his char- acter to indicate the brilliant career upon which he was about to enter. He was a plain farmer's boy ; intelligent, good-looking, kind-hearted. The sacred influences of home had taught him to revere the Bible, and had laid the foundations of an upright character. When fourteen years of age, liis father sent him some hundred miles from home, to the then wilds of Livingston County, to learn the trade of a clothier. Neai' the mill there was a small villiage, where some enterprising man had commenced the collection of a village librarj'. This proved an inestimable blessing to young Fillmore. His evenings were spent in read- ing. Soon ever)' leisure moment was occupied with books. His thirst for knowledge became insatiate and the selections which he made were continually more elevating and instructive. He read history, biography, oratory, and thus gradually there was en- kindled in his heart a desire to be something more than a mere worker with his hands; and he was be- coming, almost unknown to himself, a well-informed, educated man. The young clothier had now attained the age of nineteen years, and was of fine personal appearance and of gentlemanly demeanor. It so happened tha' there was a gentleman in the neighborhood of ample pecuniary means and of benevolence, — Judge Walter Wood, — who was struck with the prepossessing a»- pearance of young Fillmore. He made his acquaint- ance, and was so much impressed with his ability and attainments that he advised him to abandon his trade and devote himself to the study of the law. The young man replied, that he had no means of his own, no friends to help him and that his previous educa- tion had been very imperfect. But Judge Wood had so much confidence in him that he kindly offered to take him into his own office, and to loan him such money as he needed. Most gratefully the generous offer was accepted. There is in many minds a strange delusion aboutj a collegiate education. A young man is supposed to be liberally educated if he has graduated at some col- lege. But many a boy loiters through university h; T : ind then enters a law office, who is by no means as MU.LAKD FILLMORE. well prepared to prosecute his legal studies as was Millard Fillmore when he graduated at the clothing- mill at tile end of four years of manual labor, during which every leisure moment had been devoted to in- tense mental culture. In 1823, when twenty-three years of age, he was admitted to the Court of Common Pleas. He therl went to the village of Aurora, and commenced the practice of law. In this secluded, peaceful region, his practice of course was limited, and there was no opiwrtunity for a sudden rise in fortune or in fame. Here, in the year 1826, he married a lady of great moral worth, and one capable of adorning any station she might be called to fill, — Miss Abigail Powers. His elevation of character, his untiring industry', his legal acquirements, and his skill as an advocate, gradually attracted attention , and he was invited to enter into partnership under highly advantageous circumstances, with an elder member of the bar in Buffalo. Just before removing to Buffalo, in 1829, he took his seat in the House of Assembly, of the State of New York, as a representative from Erie County. Though he had never taken a very active part in ixjiitics, his vote and his sympathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, and he found himself in a helpless minority in the Legislature , still the testimony comes from all parties, that his courtesy, ability and integrity, won, to a very unusual degn e the respect of his associates. In the autumn of 1832, he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress Ho entered that troubled irena in some of the most tumultuous hours of our national history. The great conflict respecting the national bank and the removal of the deposits, was then raging. His term of two years closed ; and he returned to his profession, which he pursued with increasing rep- utation and success. After a lapse of two years lie again became a candidate for Congress ; was re- elected, and took his seat in 1837. His past expe- rii^nce as a rei)resentative gave htm stiength and confidence. The first term of service in Q^ngress to iny man can be but little more than an introduction. He was now prepared for active duty. All his ener- ;:ies were brought to bearuiion the public good. Every measure received his impress. Mr. Fillmore was now a man of wide repute, and his popularity filled the State, and in the year 1847, he was elected Comptroller of the State Mr. Fillmore had attained the age of forty-sevch years. His labors at the bar, in the Legislature, in Congress and as Comptroller, had given him very con- siderable fame. The Whigs were casting about to find suitable candidates for President and Vice-Presi- dent at the ajjproaching election. Far away, on the waters of the Rio Crande, there was a rough old soldier, who had fought one or two successful battles with the Mexicans, which had caused his name to be proclaimed in liumpet-tones all over the land. But it was necessary to associate with him on the same ticket some man of reputation as a statesman. Under the influence of these considerations, the namesofZacliary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying-cry of the Whigs, as their candidates for President and Vice-Peesident. The Whig ticket was signally triumphant. On the 4th of March, 1849, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated President, and Millard Fillmore Vice-President, of the United States. On the 9th of July, 1850, President Taylor, but about one year and four months after his inaugura tion, was suddenly taken sick and died. By the Con- stitution, Vice-President Fillmore thus became Presi- dent. He appointed a very able cabinet, of which the illustrious Daniel Webster was Secretary of State. Mr. Fillmore had very serious difficulties to contend with, since the opixjsition had a majority in both Houses. He did everything in his power to conciliate the South; but the pro-slavery party in the South felt the inadequacyof all measuresof transient conciliation. The ]X)pulation of the free States was so rapidly in- creasing over that of the slave States that it was in- evitable that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmcre's adminstration, and the Japan Expedilioti was sent out. On the 4th of March, 1853, Mr. Fill- more, having served one term, retired. In 1856, Mr. Fillmore was nominated for the Pres- idency by the " Know Nothing " party, but was lieaten by Mr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Fillmore lived in retirement. During the terrible conflict of civil war, he was mostly silent. It was generally supjxised that his sympathies were rather with those who were en- deavoring to overthrow our institutions. President Fillmore kept aloof from the conflict, without any cordial words of cheer to the one party or the other. He was thus forgotten by both. He lived to a ri])e old age, and died in Buffalo. N. Y., March 8, 1874 FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT 71 ,^a.^:iStl r A. ^>- FRANKLIN PIERCE. '4 ^r ^ojc ^r^ 1^: ^qjpj.-Bfc-'' .-,5^- RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth President of the f United States, was born in Hillsborough, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who, with his own strong arm, hewed out a home in the wilderness. He was a man of inflexible integrity; of strong, though uncultivated mind, and an uncompromis- ing Democrat. The mother of Franklin Pierce was all that a son could desire, — an intelligent, pru- dent, affectionate. Christian wom- Franklin was the sixth of eight children. Franklin was a very bright and handsome boy, gen- erous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neighbors looked upon him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman; always speaking kind words, doing kind deeds, with a peculiar unstudied tact which taught him what was agreeable. Without de- veloping any precocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to books, he was a good scholar; in body, in mind, in affections, a finely-developed boy. When sixteen years of age, in the year 1820, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me He was one of the most popular young men in the college. The purity of his moral character, the ' unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, and an =:r— •"^fr'jfijj;^ genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite. There was something very peculiarly winning in his address, and it was evidently not in the slightest de- gree studied: it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Upon graduating, in the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State, and a man of great private worth. Thfl eminent social qualities of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a public man, and the brilliant political career into which Judge Woodbury was en-- tering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the faci- nating yet perilous path of political life. With all the ardor of his nature he espoused the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presidency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. Here he served for four yeais. The last two years he was chosen speaker of the house by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected a member of Congress. Without taking an active part in debates, he was faithful and laborious in duty and ever rising in the estimation of those with whom he was associatad. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years of age, he was elected to the Senate of the United States; taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the youngest member in the Senate. In the year 1834, he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady of rare beauty and accom- plishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn ever)' station with wnich her husband was honoied. Of the 7« >• RAN KLIN PIKRCE. three sons who were bom to them, all now sleep with their parents in the grave. In the year 1838, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hamjjshire. President Polk, uixjn his accession to office, apixjinted Mr. Pierce attorney-general of the United States; but the offer was declined, in consequence of numerous professional engagements at home, and the precariuos state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time declined the nomination for governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce in the army. Receiving the appointment of brigadier-general, he embarked, with a portion of his troops, at Newixjrl, R. I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an imixsrtant part in tliis war, proving him- self a brave and true soldier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his native State, he was received enthusiastically by the advo- cates of the Mexican war, and coldly by his oppo- nents. He resumed the practice of his profession, very frequently taking an active part in political (jues- tions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval; and he btrenuously advocated the enforcement of the infa- mous fugitive-slave law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became distin- guished as a " Northern man with Southern principles.'' The strong partisans of slavery in the South conse- quently regarded him as a man wliom they could safely trust in office to carry out their i)lans. On the 1 2th of June, 1852, the Democratic conven- tion met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, snd in thirty-five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at tiie forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eighty-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winfield Scott was she Whig candidate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great imanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Mas- sachusetts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him Gen. Franklin Pieice was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy be tween slavery and freedom was then approaching its culminating jioint. It became evident that there was an " irrepressible conflict " between them, and that tliis Nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his ad- ministration, did every thing he could to conciliate the South ; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the dissolution of the Union were borne to the North on every South- ern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when President Pierce approaciied the close of his four-years' term of office. The North had become thoroughly alien- ated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectual ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep rejjrehension of his ad- ministrative acts. The slaveholders of the South, also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advo- cated those measures of Government which they ajv proved, and perhaps, also, feeling that he had rendered himself so unix)i)ular as no longer to be able accejHably to serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4th of March, 1857, President Pierce re- tired to his home in Concord. Of three children, two had died, and his only surviving child had been killed before his eyes by a railroad accident , and b.is wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world, without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth, which di- vided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the principles which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to tliat pro-slavery party with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Gov- ernment. He continued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, an honored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Gen- erous to a fault, he contiilnited liberally for the al- leviation of suffering and want, and many of his towns jieople were often gladened by his material Ixjui.iy c_: -^ w^ J (" c/ur ^< /// e/ /f/ I'fFTEENTH PRESIDENT. rv^Si'^'aji'^'^'SSi'^'^'^'iS^'^-' i' ■' i' ■' '■ ' '■ '■'.'i '..'■•• '■•'■'•.Jt^tggt^i^ti^tig't^fg:,' -* »»^— ^(^(^^■?i^l^^t". ' ' ■ ■ "I'^gii'iSai'^t^'J^ai'tgii'^i'J^'i^ 'JSi'^l UyiS ) iBj) 00»irf!.^m]KII jA ta AMES BUCHANAN, the fif- teenth President of the United States, was born in a small rentier town, at the foot of the eastern ridge of the Allegha- nies, in Franklin Co., Penn., on the 23d of April, 1791. The place where the humble cabin of his father stood was called Stony Batter. It was a wild and ro- mantic spot in a gorge of the moan- tains, with towering summits rising grandly all around. His father was a native of the north of Ireland; a poor man, who had emigrated in 1783, with little property save his own strong arms. Five years afterwards he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, plunged into the wilder- ness, staked his claim, reared his log-hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to per- form his obscure part in the d-rama of life. In this se- cluded home, where James was born, he remained for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. When James was eight years of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where his son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, Latin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen, he .intered Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Here he de veloped remarkable talent, and took his stand among the first scholars in the institution. His application to study was intense, and yet his native powers en- abled him to master the most abstruse subjects wi '- facility. In the year 1S09, he graduated with the highes'. honors of his clasL. He was then eighteen years ot age; tall and graceful, vigorous in health, fond of athletic sport, an unerring shot, and enlivened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in i8t2, when he was but twenty-one years of age. Very rapidly he rose in his profession, and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law)ers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate orje of the judges of the State, who was tried upon articles 01 impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar; and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more lu- crative practice. In 1820, he reluctantly consented to run as o candidate for Congress. He was elected, and foi ten years he remained a member of the Lower House During the vacations of Congress, he occasionally tried some important case. In 1831, he retired altogether from the toils of his iirofession, having ac- quired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, upon his elevation to the Presidenc/, api;ointed Mr. Buchanan minister to Russia. Tht duties of his mission he performed with ability, whicl gave satisfaction to all parties. Upon his return, ii 1833, he was elected to a seat in the United Statci Senate. He there met', as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated tl'.e meas- uiei proposed by President Jackson, of P' k'ng repn 76 JAMES BUCHANAN. sals ay;:iiii.st Kiaiico, to enforce the payment of our claims against tliat country; and defended tlie course of tiie President in his unprecedented and wiiolesnle removal from ollice of those wlio were not the supporters of liis administration. I'pon this (piestion lie was broujjht into direct collision with Henry Clay. He also, with voice and vole, ad- vocated exiiuni|:injr from the journal of the Senate the vote of censure ayjainst (tcu. .Ijickson for remov- iny: the deposits. Earnestly he opposed the aboli- tion of slavery in the District of C'olumliia, and urged the i)rohil)ition of the circul.'ition of anti- slavery documents by the laiited States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he ad- vocated that the^' should be respectfidly received; and that the reply should be returned, that Con- gress had no power to legislate upon the subject. "Congress," said he, "might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a foreign government .IS in any of the Slates where it now exists." V\wn Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidency, Mr. Buchanan became Sccrelary of State, and :is such, look ills sliare of the responsibility in the conduct of the .Alexican War. l\Ir. Polk assumed that cross- ing the Xueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mex- icans to crt)ss the Rio Oraiidc into that territory was a dechuatiou of war. ><'o candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Gov- ernmeiit jiursued in that movement. Mr. IJuchanan identified himself thoroughly with the party devoted io the jiorpetuation and extension of slavery, and brought .all the energies of his mind to bear against the Wilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to the compromi.se measures of l)S.jO, which included tiie fugitive slave law. Mr. I'ierce, u|)on his election to the Presidency, hon- ored Mr. IJuehanan with the mission to England. In the year lular vote stood 1,34(),G18 for Fremont, I,2-il.7r)() for Buchanan. On March 4, 1857, Mr. Bucliaiian was inaugurated. Mr. Buchanan was far advaiucd in life. Only four years were wanting to fill up his tiu-ce-score years and ten. Ilis own friends, those with whom he had been allied in political principles and action for years, were seeking the destruction of the Gov- ernment, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose coruer-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, ISIr. Bu- chanan was hopelessly Ijcwildered. lie could not, willi his long-avowed princii)les. consistentl}- op- pose the .Statc-righU-j party in their assumptions. As President of the Fniled States, bound by his oath failhfiilly to ailminister the laws, lie could not, wiliioul i)erjury of the grossest kind, unite with those endeavoring to overthrow tiie Republic. lie therefore did nothing. The opponcntsof Mr. Buchanan 'sadiiiinistration nominated Abraham Lincoln as their stiiiidard- bearer in the next Presidential canva. were plundered; and our custom-houses and post- ollices were appropriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels and the imbecility of our P^xecutive were alike marvelous. The nation looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide awa}' and close the administration, so ter- rible in its weakness. At length the long-looked- for hour of deliverance came, when Abr.aliam Lin- coln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends cannot recall it with pleasure. And still more deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conllict whicli rolled its billows of llanic aiid1)loo^f <^ oyT^^^-^'-^'^'-t^ SIXTEENTH PRES/DENT. BRAHAM LINCOLN, the sixtceiitli President of ilie J^Uniled States, was born in Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1 809. About the year 1 7 80, a man by the name of Abraham '■'' Lincobi left Virginia with his iimilyand moved into tlie then u ildsof Kentucky. Only two years liter this emigration, still a young man, while working one day in a lield, was stealthily approached by an Indian and shut dead. His widow was left in extreme poverty witli five little children, three boys and two girls. Thomas, the youngest of the boys, was four years of age at his father's death. This Thomas was the father of Abraham Lincoln, the President of the L^nited States whose name must henceforth fcever be enrolled with the most prominent in the annals of our world. Of course no record has lieen kept of the life of one so lowly as Thomas Lincoln. He was among the poorest of the poor. His home was a wretched log-cabin; his food the coarsest and the meanest. Education he had none; he could never either read or write. .\s soon as he was able to do anything for himself, he was compelled to leave the cabin of his starving mother, and push out into the world, a friend- .ess, wandering boy, seeking work. He hired him- self out, and thus spent the whole of his youth as a ^iliorer in the fields of others. When twenty-eight years of age he bnill a log- tabin of his own, and married Nancy Hanks, the daughter of another family of poor Kentucky emi- grants, who had also come from Virginia. Their second child was Aliraham Lincoln, the subject of this sketch. The mother of Abraham was a noble 'voman, gentle, loving, pensive, created to adorn a palace, doomed to toil and pine, and die in a hovel. "All that I am, or hope to be," exclaims the grate- ful son " I owe to my angel-mother. When he was eight years of age, his father sold his cabin and small farm, and moved to Indiana Wher'^ two years later his motiier died. Abraham soon became ihe scribe of th§ uneducated community around him. He co..ld not have had a better school than this to teach him to put thought? into words. He also became an eager reader. The books he could obtain were few; but these he '"ead and re-read until they were almost committe'^ tc memory. As the years rolled on, the lot of this lowly familj was the usual lot of humanity. There were joys ano griefs, weddings and funerals. Abraham's sisto Sarah, to whom he was tenderly attaclied, was mat ried when a child of but fourteen years of age, and soon died. The family was gradually scattered. M"" Thomas Lincoln sold out his squatter's claim 'n t83o and emigrated to ^^acon Co., 111. Abraham Lincoln was then twenty-one years ot age. With vigorous hands he aided his father in i^aring another log-cabin. Abraham worked diligently at this until he saw the family comfortably settled, and theii smnll lot of enclosed prairie planted with corn, wlien he announced to his father his intention to leave home, and to go out into the world and seek his ior- tune. Little did he or his friends imagine how bril- liant that fortune was to be. He saw the value ol education and was intensely earnest to improve his mind to the utmost of his power. He saw the ruin which ardent spirits were causing, . and bei ame strictly temperate; refusing to allow a drop of intoxi- cating liipior to pass his lips. And he had read in God's word, " Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in -' ,1,.;" and a profane expression ha was never heard to utter. Religion he revered. His morals were pure, and he was uncontaminated by a single vice. Young Abraham worked for a time as a hired labore among the farmers. Then he went to Springfield where he was employed in building a large flat-boni In this he took a herd of swine, floated them dow ilie Sangamon to the Illinois, and thence by the ?vli^ -^issippi to New Orleans. Whatever Abraham Lii (oin undertook, he performed so faithfully as to giv, great satisfaction to his employers. In this adven 8o ABRAHAM LINCOLN. tiirc his cmploycis were io well jjleased, thai uiwii Ills return tiiey [jluced a store and mill under his care. Ill 1832, at the outbreak of the Hlack ll.iwk war, he enlisted and was chosen captain of a company. He returned to Sangamon Lbunty, and although only 23 yeafs of age, was a candidate tor the Legislature, but was defeated. He soon after received from Andrew Jackson the appointment of Postmaster of New .Salem, His only [jost-office was his hat. .Ml the letters lie received he carried there ready to deliver to those he ci\anced to meet. He studied surveying, and soon made this his business. In 1834 he again became a candidate for tlie Legislature, and was elected Mr. Stuart, of Springfield, advised him to study law. He walked from New Salem to S|)ringrield, i)orrowed of Mr. Stuart a load of books, carried them back and began his R-gal studies. When the Legislature as- sembled he trudged on foot with his pack on his back ync hundred miles to Vandalia, then the capital. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Legislature. Here it was he first met Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 he re- moved to Springfield and began the practice of law. His success with the jury was so great that he was coon engaged in almost every noted case in the circuit. In 1S54 ihe great discussion began between Mr. Lincobi and Mr. Douglas, on the slavery (juestion. In the organization of the Republican party in Illinois, in 1856, lie took an active part, and at once became one of the leaders in that party. Mr. Lincoln's speeches in opposition to Senator Douglas in the con- test in 1858 for a seat in the Senate, form a most notable part of his history. The issue was on the ilavery question, and he took the broad ground of .he Declaration of Independence, that all men are created equal. Mr. Lincoln was defeated in this con- test, but won a far higher prize. The great Republican Convention met at Chicago on the 1 6th of June, i860. Tlie delegates and strangers who crowded the city amounted to twenty- five thousand. An immense building called "The Wigwam," was reared to accommodate the Conven- tion. There were eleven candidates for whom votes were thrown. W^illiam H Seward, a man whose fame as a statesman had long filled the land, was the most orominent. It was generally supposed he would be the nominee. Abraham Lincoln, however, received the nomination on the third ballot. Little did he then dream of the weary years of toil and care, and the bloody death, to which that nomination doomed him: xndaslittledid he dream that he was to vender services to his country, which would fix uiX/u him the eyes of the whole e L'reatcr ^>'"^. :^^^^:J^02^- SEVENTEENTH PRESIUEJST. NDREW JOHNSON, seven- teenth President of the United States. The early life of Andrew Johnson contains but the record of poverty, destitu- tion and friendlessness. He was born December 29, 180S, in Raleigh, N. C. His parents, belonging to the class of the " poor whites " of the South, were in such circumstances, that they could not cfoHtx ..'en the slight- est advantages of education ujxjn their child. When Andrew was five years of age, his father accidentally lost nis life while herorically endeavoring to save a friend from drowning. ''J^niil ten years of age, Andrew was a ragged boy abouf the streets, supjxjrted by the labor of his mother, who obtained her living with her own hands. He then, having never attended a school one day, and being unable either to read or write, was ap- prenticed to a tailor in his native town. A gentleman was in the habit of going to the tailor's shop occasion- ally, and reading to the boys at work there. He often read from the speeches of distinguished British states- men. .'\ndrew, who was endowed with a mind of more than ordinary native ability, became much interested m these speeches ; his ambition was roused, and he was inspired with a strong desire to learn to read. He accordingly applied himself to tlie alphabet, and with the assistance of some of his fellow-workmen, ^earned his letters. He then called upon- the gentle- man to borrow the book of speeches. The owner, pleased with his zeal, not only gave him the booK but assisted him in learning to combine the letters into words. Under such difficulties he pressed oi. ward laboriously, spending usually ten or twelve hours at work in the shop, and then robbing himself of rest and recreatior to devote such time as he could to reading. He went to Tennessee m 1826, and located af- Greenville, where he married a young lady who pos sessed some education. Under her instructions he learned to write and cipher. He became prominent in the village debating society, and a favorite wit)» the students of Greenville College. In 1828, he or- ganized a working man's party, which elected him alderman, and in 1830 elected him mayor, which position he held three years. He now began to take a lively interest in political affairs ; identifying himself with the working-classes, to which he belonged. In 1835, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Tennes- see. He was then just twenty-seven years of age. He became a very active member of the legislature gave his adhesion to the Democratic party, and in 1840 " stumped the State," advocating Martin Tan Buren's claims to the Presidency, in opposition to thos^ of Gen. Harrison. In this campaign he acquired much readiness as a speaker, and extended and increased his reputation. In r84r, he was elected Stale Senator; in r843, he was elected a member of Congress, and by successive elections, held that important post for ten years. In. 1853, he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and' was re-elected in 1855. In all these resiMDnsible ix)si- tions, he discharged his duties with distinguished abi'. 8^ ANDRE IV JOHNSON. ity, and proved himself the warm friend of the work- ing classes. In 1857, Mr. Johnson was elected United States Senator. Years before, in 1S45, he had warmly advocated the anne.xation of Texas, stating however, as his teason, that he thought this annexation would prob- ably prove " to be the gateway out of which the sable sons of .\frica are to pass from bondage to freedom, and become merged in a i^pulation congenial to themselves." In 1850, he also supiwrted the com- promise measures, the two essential features of whicli were, that the white people of the Territories should oe permitted to decide for themselves whether they would enslave the colored people or not, and that the *'ree States of the North should return to the Soulh jwrsons who attempted to escape from slavery. Mr. Johnson was neverashamcdof his lowly origin: on the contrary, he often took i)ride in avowing that he owed his distinction to his own exertions. "Sir," said he on the floor of the Senate, " I do not forget that I am a mechanic ; neither do I forget that Adam was a tailor and sewed fig-leaves, and that our Sav- ior was the son of a carpenter." In the Charleston- Baltimore convention of iSi^, ne «vas the choice of the Tennessee Democrats for the 'I'residency. In 1861, when the purjwse of the South- ini Democracy became apparent, he took a decided stand ii\ favor of the Union, and held that " slavery must be held subordinate to the Union at whatever cost." He returned to Tennessee, and repeatedly imperiled his own life to protect the Unionists of Tennesee. Tennessee having seceded from the Union, President Lincoln, on March 4th, 1862, ap- pwinted him Military Governor of the State, and he established the most stringent military rule. His numerous proclamations attracted wide attention. In 1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and upon the death of Mr. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, became President. In a speech two days later he said, " The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be canished ; that the Government will not always beai with its enemies ; that it is strong not only to protect, but to punish. * * The people must imderstand that it (treason) is the blackest of crimes, and will surely be punished." Yet his whole administration, the history of which is so well known, was in utter itwjonsistency with, and the most violent op|X)sition to, the principles laid down in that speech. In his loose [wlicy of reconstruction and general amnesty, he was opposed by Congress ; and he char- acterized Congress as a new rebellion, and lawlessly defied it, in everything [xassible, to the utmost. In the beginning of 1 868, on account of "high crimes and misdemeanors," the principal of which was the removal of Secretary Stanton, in violation of the Ten- ure of Office Act, articles of impeachment were pre- ferred against him, and the trial began March 23. It was very tedious, continuing for nearly three months. A test article of the impeachment was at length submitted to the court for its action. It was certain that as the court voted upon that article so would it vote uiwn all. Thirty-four voices pronounced tiie President guilty. As a two-thirds vote was neces- sary to his condemnation, he was pronounced ac- (luitted, notwithstanding the great majority against him. The change of one vote from the not guilty side would have sustained the impeachment. The President, for the remainder of his term, was but little regarded. He continued, though imijotently, his conflict with Congress. His own party did not think it expedient to renominate him for the Presi- dency. The Nation rallied, with enthusiasm unpar- alleled since the days of Washington, around the name of Gen. Grant. Andrew Johnson was forgotten. The bullet of the assassin introduced him to the President's chair. Notwithstanding this, never was there presented to a man a better opportunity to im- mortalize his name, and to win the gratitude of a nation. He failed utterly. He retired to his home in Greenville, Tenn., taking no very active part in politics until 1875. On Jan. 26, after an exciting struggle, he was chosen by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, United States Senator in the forty-fourth Con- gress, and took his seat in that body, at the special session convened by President Grant, on the 5th of March. On the 27th of July, 1875, the ex-President made a visit to his daughter's home, near Carter Station, Tenn. When he started on his journey, he was apparently in his usual vigorous health, but on reach- ing the residence of his child the following day, was stricken with paralysis, rendering him unconscious. He rallied occasionally, but finally passed away at 2 A.M., July 31, aged sixty-seven years. His fun- eral was attended at Geenville, on the 3d of .\ugust, with every demonstration of respect- 7^<^ o^'^ ErGHTF.ENTH PRESIDENT. LYSSES S. GRANT, the eighteenth President of the 5"^ United States, was bom on the 29th of April, 1822, of Christian parents, in a humble home, at Point Pleasant, on the banks of the Ohio. Shortly after his father moved to George- town, Brown Co., O. In this re- mote frontier hamlet, Ulysses received a common-school edu- cation. At the age of seven- y^i^ teen, in the year 1839, he entered '^ the Military Academy at West I Point. Here he was regarded as a solid, sensible young man of fair abilities, and of •-'turdy, honest character. He took respectable rank IS a scholar. In June, 1843, he graduated, about the middle in his class, and was sent as lieutenant of in- fantry to one of the distant military posts in the Mis- Fcuri Territory. Two years he past in these dreary solitudes, watching the vagabond and exasperating 'ndians. The war with Mexico came. Lieut. Grant was ient with his regiment to Corpus Christi. His first battle was at Palo Alto. There was no chance here for the exhibition of either skill or heroism, nor at Resaca de la Palma, his second battle. At the battle nf Monterey, his third engagement, it is said that :ie performed a signal service of daring and skillful horsemanship. His brigade had exhausted its am- munition. A messenger must be sent for more, along a route exposed to the bullets of the foe. Lieut. Grant, adopting an expedient learned of the Indians, grasped the mane of his horse, and hanging ujxjn one side of the anir°«il, ran the gauntlet in entire safety. From Monterey he was sent, with the fourth infantry, to aid Gen. Scott, at the siege of Vera Cruz. In preparation for the march to the city of Mexico, he was appointed quartermaster of his regiment. At the battle of Molino del Rey, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, and was brevetted captain at Cha- pultepec. At the close of the Mexican War, Capt. Grant re- turned with his regiment to New York, and was again sent to one of the military posts on the frontier. The discovery of gold in California causing an immense tide of emigration to flow to the Pacific shores, Capt. Grant was sent with a battalion to Fort Dallas, in Oregon, for the protection of the interests of the im- migrants. Life was wearisome in those wilds. Capt. Grant resigned his commission and returned to the States; and having married, entered upon the cultiva- tion of a small farm near St. Louis, Mo. He had but little skill as a farmer. Finding his toil not re- munerative, he turned to mercantile life, entering into the leather business, with a younger brother, at Ga- lena, 111. This was in the year i860. As the tidings of the rebels firing on Fort Sumpter reached the ears of Capt. Grant in his counting-room, he said, — "Uncle Sam has educated me for the army; though I have served him through one war, I do not fee( that I have yet repaid the debt. I am still ready to discharge my obligations. I shall therefore buckle on my iword and see Uncle Sam through this war too." He went into the streets, raised a cempany of vol- unteers, and led them as their captain to Springfield, the capital of the State, where their services were offered to Gov. Yates. The Governor, impressed by the zeal and straightforward executive ability of Capt. Grant, gave him a desk in his office, to assist in the. volunteer organization that was being formed in the State in behalf of the Government. On the i?*'' of UL YSSES S. GRANT. )u»e, j86i, Capt. Grant received a commission as Colonel of ihe 'I'wenty-first Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers. His merits as a West Point graduate, wlio had served for 15 years in the regular army, were such that he was soon promoted to the rank of Brigadier- els fled. Their banner fell, and the star and stripes were uiifurled in its stead. He entered the service with great determination and immediately began active duty. This was the he- ginning, and until the surrender of Lee at Richmond he was ever pushing the enemy with great vigor and effectiveness. At Belmont, a few days later, he sur- prised and routed the rebels, then at Fort Henry won another victory. Then came the brilliant fight at Fort Donelson. The nation was electrified by the victory, and the brave leader of the boys in blue was immediately made a Major-General, and the military iistrict of Tennessee was assigned to him. Like all great captains, Gen. Grant knew well how to secure the results of victory. He immediately Dushed on to the enemies' lines. Then came the terrible battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, where Gen. Pemberton made an unconditional surrender of the city with over thirty thousand men and one-hundred and seventy-two can- non. The fall of Vicksburg was by far the most severe blow which the rebels had thus far encountered, and opened up the Mississippi from Cairo to the Gulf. Gen. Cirant was next ordered to co-operate with Gen. Banks in a movement upon Texas, and pro- ceeded to New Orleans, where he was thrown from his horse, and received severe injuries, from which he was laid up for months. He then rushed to the aid of Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas at Chattanooga, and by a wonderful series of strategic and technical meas- ures put tlie Union Army in fighting condition. Then followed the bloody battles at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, in which the rebels were routed with great loss. This won for him un- bounded praise in the North. On the 4th of Febru- ary, 1864, Congress revived the grade of lieutenant- general, and the rank was conferred on Gen. Grant. He repaired to Washington to receive his credentials .nd enter uixjr. '.'"■ duties of his new office Gen. Grant decided as soon as he took charge of the army to concentrate the widely-dispersed National troops for an attack ujxjn Richmond, the nominal cajjital of the Rebellion, and endeavor there to de- stroy the rebel armies which would be promptly as- sembled from all quarters for its defence. The whole continent seemed to tremble under the trampof these majestic armies, rushing to the decisive battle field. .Steamers were crowded with troops. Railway trains were burdened with closely jucked thousands. His plans were comprehensive and involved a series of campaigns, wliich were executed with remarkable en- ergy and ability, and were consummated at the sur- render of Lee, April 9, 1865. The war was ended. The Union was saved. The almost unanimous voice of the Nation declared Gen. Grant to be the most prominent instrument in its sal- vation. The eminent services he had thus rendered the country brought him conspicuously forward as the Republican candidate for the Presidential chair. At the Republican Convention held at Chicago. May 21, 1868, he was unanimously nominated for the Presidency, and at the autumn election received a majority of the popular vote, and 214 out of 294 electoral votes. The National Convention of the Republican party which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of June, 1872, placed Gen. Grant in nomination for a second tenii by a unanimous vote. The selection was emphati- cally indorsed by the people five months later, 292 elector.-il votes being cast for him. Soon after the close of his second term. Gen. Grant started ujx)n his famous trip around the world. He visited almost every country of the civilized world, and was everywhere received with such ovations and demonstrations of respect and honor, private as well as public and official, as were never before bestowed upon any citizen of the United States. He was the most prominent candidate before the Re|nil)lican National Convention in 1880 for a re- nomination for President. He went to New York and embarked in the brokerage business under the firm nameof Grant & Ward. The latter proved a villain, wrecked Grant's fortune, and for larceny was sent to the penitentiary. The General was attacked with cancer in the throat, but suffered in his stoic-like manner, never complaining. He was re-instated as General of the Army and retired by Congress. The cancer soon finished its deadly work, and July 23, 1885, the nation went in mourning over the death (r'' the illustrious General. .N -e^oA ^-yyj NINETEENTH PRESIDENT. 91 l^^«?5^t^^^';^'^'g^-^^£u^<;.lW^u^;^':r.'J:j^;-^.'^.■:.^'l.nv.^:>^^^;.v^^u'S^.^^s^ UTHERFORD B. HAYES, the nineteenth President of the United States, was born in Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, al- most three months after the death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable char- acter. It can be traced, it is said, as far back as 1 280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chief- tains, fighting side by side with fBaliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates, ' and had a large following. Misfor- tane ovtritaking the family, George Hayes left Scot- land in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George wa*- born in Windsor, and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, mar- ried Sarah Lee, and lived from the time of his mar- riage until his death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufac- turer of scythes! at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel aiid grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a farmer, blacksmith and tavern-keeper. He emigrated to Vermont at an uiiknown date, settling in Brattleboro, where he established a hotel. Here his son Ruth- erford Hayes the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 1813, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington, Vt., whose ancestors emi- grated thither from Connecticut, they having been among the wealthiest and best famlies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to 1635, to John Birchard, one of the principal founders of Norwich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The father of President Hayes was an industrious frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a me- chanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stock- ing, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town, and con- ducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of i8t2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio. The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day when there were no canals, steamers, nor railways, was a very serious affair. ' A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayes deter mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malarial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore be- reavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Ver- mont, and in an orphan girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. subject of this sketch was so feeble at liirtli that he Wis not exi)ccied tu hve licyoiul a muiuh or two at luosl. As the inoiitlis went l«y he grew weaker aiul weaker, so that tlie neighbors were in tiie habit of in- iiuiring from time to lime '" if Mrs. Hayes' baby diet! last nigiit." On one occasion a neigiibor, who was on fjmihar terms with tiie family, ai'ter alluding to tlie Ixjy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of nim, said in a bantering way, " That's right ! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, anti 1 shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet." " You r.eed not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. " You vait and see. You can't tell but I shall make iiim President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of iiis speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to liis mother. The boy was seven years old before he w,;nt to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and sister as he would have done at school. His sjwrts were almost wholly within doors, his playmates l)cing his sister and her associates. Tliese circumstances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of dispo- sition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his character. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest ^n his education ; and as the boy's health had im- proved, and he was making good progress in his studies, he proiX)sed to send him to college. His pre- paration commenced with a tutor at home; but he was afterwards sent for one year to a professor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He en- tered Kenyon College in 1S38, at the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Immediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. In 1845, after graduatmg at the Law School, he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he re- mained three years, actpiiring but a limited i)ractice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- Cession. \n 1849 he moved to Cincmnati, where his ambi- tion found a new stimulus. For several years, how- ever, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a powerful influence wyion his subse- quent '.ife. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the othei was his introduction to the Cin- cinnati Literary Clut), a body embracing among its members such men as'^hief Justice Salmon j^QiasCi Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as ever) liody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she to reflect honor ujion American woman hood. The Literary Cluu brought Mr. Hayej into constant association with young men of high char- acter and noble aims, and lured him to display f'.ie qualities so long hidden by his bashfulne^s ani_' modesty. In 1S56 he was nominated to the office of Judgj o! the Court of Common Pleas; but he declined to ar. cept the nomination. Two years later, the office o( city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Council elected him f jr the unexpired term. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was at tlie zenith of his professional Irf .. His rank at the bar was among tlie the first. Put tlie news of the attack on Fort Sumpter found him eager to take m arms for the defense of his conntr)'. His military record was bright and illustrious. In October, 1861, he was made lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1S62, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, Iv* was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the battle of South Mountain he received a wound, and wliile faint and bleeding displayed courage and fortitude that won admiration from all. Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General, "forgallant and distinguished services during the campaigns of 1864, in West Virginia." In the course of his arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Ohio District, which had long been Dem- ocratic. He was not present during tlie campaign, 1 and after his election was importuned to resign his commission in the army; but he finally declared, " 1 shall never come to Washington until 1 can come b\ the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1866. Ir. 1867, Gen Hayes was elected Governor of Ohio, over Hon. Allen G. Thunnan, a popular Deniocrai. In 1869 was re-eiected over George H. Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in 1875. In 1876 he was the standard bearer of the Repub- lican Party in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was clioscn President, and was in augurated Monday, March 5, 1875. He servi-d his full term, not, h.cwever, with satisfaction to his party, but his admiu'stration was an average or*" /0'-'^^'^-<^<^( TiVENTIETH PRESIDENT. 95 f^.>>C=^ ^r^f r\\^ l^i JAMES; 4, ijAK FIELD, , ^^. ^^ iW/^3P AJ.IES A. GARFIELD, twen- tieth President of the United States, was born Nov. 19, 1 83 1, in the woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His par- ents were Abram and Eliza t'«VjZs (.Ballou) Garfield, both of New f/S y Lngland ancestry' and from fami- .....jiJi**) lies well known in the early his- VX? V tory of that section of our coun- try, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settle- ment. The house in which James A. was bom was not unlike the houses of f poor Ohio farmers of that day. It ac about 20x30 feet, built of logs, with the spaces be- .ween the logs filled with clay. His father was a .lard working farmer, and he soon had his fields jleared, an orchard planted, and a log barn built, f he household comprised the father and mother and heir four children — Mehetabel, Thomas, Mary and 'ames. In May, 1823^ the father, from a cold con- racted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At 'his time James was about eighteen months old, and Thomas about ten years old. No one, perhaps, can fell how much James was indeLted to his biother's toil and self-sacrifice during the twenty years suc- ceeding his father's death, but undoubtedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sis- ters live in Solon, O., near their birthplace. The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of them. He labored at farm work for others, did car- penter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would bring in a few dollars to aid his widowed mother in he' struggles to keep the little family to- -G^ gether. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever ashamed of his origin, and he never forgot the friends of his strug- gling childhood, youth and manhood, neither did they ever forget him. When in the highest seats of honor the humblest fiiend of his boyhood was as kindly greeted as ever. The poorest laborer was sureof the sympathy of one who had known all the bitterness of want and the sweetness of bread earned by the sweat of the brow. He was ever the simple, plain, modest gentleman. The highest ambition of young Garfield until hi. was about sixteen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Erie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, whicli his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland. This was his first visit to the city After making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and not meeting with success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio &: Pennsylvania Canal. He re- mained at this work but a short time when he wen' home, and attended the seminary at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, of which church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his wav He then became both teacher and pupil. He soon " exhausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in r856, taking one of the highest h(w,- ors of his class. He afterwards returned to Hiram College as its President. As above stated, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous mem- ber, often preaching in its pulpit and places where he happened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Yale College, says of him in reference to his religion : 9« JAAfES A. GARFIELD. " President Oarfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from lioyliood to the last, shows that duty to man and to llud, aiul devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more llian usual degree. In my judgment there is no more interesting feature of his character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in whicli he was trained, and tlie fervent sympathy which he ever showed in tlieir Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian communions in which they have been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and {wlitical sig- nificance they step upward from one degree to another in some of the many types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the church of his mother, the church in which he was trained, and in which he served as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet with the largest and most unsec- t,arian charity for all 'who love our Lord in sincerity.'" Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. 1 1, 185S, who proved herself worthy as the wife of one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven children, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl. Mr. Garfield made his first political speeches in 1856, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and tliree years later he began to speak at county mass-meet- ings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in 1861 was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he liad talked, and enlisted to defend the old flag. He re- ceived his commission as Lieut. -Colonel of the Forty- second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 14, i86r. He was immediately put into active ser- vice, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the officer 'Humphrey Marshall) reputed to be tlie ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky had given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speed- ily accomplished, although against great odds. Pres- ident Lincoln, on his success conuuissioned him Brigadier-General, Jan. 10, 1S62; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. He was then detailed as a memlierof the General Couit-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gen. Rose- crans, and was assigned to the "Chief of Staff." The military history of Gen. Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of the Major-General. Without an ed'ort on his part Geif (Jarfield wa» elected to Congress in the fall of 1862 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of (Jhio had been represented in Congress for sixty year* J mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshui. I k. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the lime he en- tered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. Ther«j he remained by successive re- elections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Since the year 1864 you cannot think of a question whicii has been debated in Congress, or discussed before & tribunel of the American people, in regard to whict d you will not find, if you wish mstruction, the argu. \ nient on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield." j Uixsn Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. (iarfield was elected to \ the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, i88r, was inaugurated. Probably no ad- ministration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices than that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favor with the peo|)le, and by the first of July he had completed all the initiatory and pre- liminary work of his administration and was jirepar- iiig to leave tlie city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in com- pany with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. 1 The President tottered and fell, and as lie did so the ■ assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but inHicting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the world " Never | before in the history of the Nation had anything oc- ' curred which so nearly froze the blood of the peop"'; for the moment, as this awful deed. He was smit- ten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and ho|)e. For eighty 1 days, all during the hot months of July and August, \ he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the countr)- and the world the noblest of human lessons — how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was svirpass- ingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. J 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J., on the very bank of the ] ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The worid wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. The murderer was duly tried, found guilty and exe- cuted, in one year after he committed the foul deed. 't- K ^>... T IVEJV T Y-FIRS T PRESIDENT. 1%^ ■ ^^^' ''^ ' HESTER A. ARTHUR, twenty-first Presi'^.^iu of the United States, was born in Franklin Cour ty, Vermont, on thefifthofOdober, 1830, andis the oldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, aBaptistd'.rgyman, who emigrated to tb.s countr)' from the county Ant;im, Ireland, in his 1 8th year, and died in 1875, in Newtonville, neai Albany, after a long and successful ministry. Young Arthur was educated at Union College, S( henectady, where he excelled in all his studies. Af- ter his graduation he taught school in Vermont for two years, and at the expiration of that time came to New York, with $500 in his jxjcket, and entered the office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as student. After being admitted to the bar he formed a partuership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about jn the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a success^ ful career almost from the start. General Arthur soon afterward tvArr'^d the daughter of Lieutenant Hemdon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occa- sion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur's nommation to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children. Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in T852 that Jon. athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up ftom the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney General of that State to assist in an appeal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O'Conor here espoused the cause of the slave-holders, but he too was beaten by Messrs Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race. Another great service was rendered by General Arthur in the same cause in 1856. Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the compa- ny issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly CHESTER A. ARTJfUR. followed their example. Before that the Sixth Ave- nue Company ran a few special cars for colored per- sons and tiie other lines refused to let them ride at all. General Arthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Rejiublican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the .Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov- ernor Morgan, of that State, ai)ix)inted hnn Engineor- in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspec- tor General, and soon afterward became Quartermas- ter-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal prac- tice of this well-known firm was very large and lucra- tive, each of the gentlemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent. He always took a leading part in State and city ]X)litics. He was apjxjinted Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1872, to suc- ceed Thomas Murphy, and held the office until July, ?o, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt. Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention that ever assembled on the continent. It was comjx)sed of the heading [Xjliticians of the Re- publican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the conven- tion for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield re- ceived the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election. Finally the election came and the country's choice .vas Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated .vlarch 4, 1 88 1, as President and Vice-President. \ few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, — those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized na- tions were throbbing in unison, longing for the re covery of the noble, the good President. The remark- able patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suf- fering man has often been called u[X)n to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainlv God- like. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr. Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to hisf credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover, to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi- ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored ]X)sition in the world was at any moment likely to fall to him. At last God in his mercy relieved President Gar- field from further suffering, and the world, as nevei before in its history over the death of any othei man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty o( the Vice President to assume the resixansibilities ol the high office, and he took the oath in New York, Sept. 20, 1881. The position was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were on him, anxious to know what he would do, what [xjlicy he would pursue, and who he would se- lect as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness,' and many im]X)rtant measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feelings of many on this point. Under these trying circumstances President Arthur took the reins of the Government in hJs oui, hands; and, as embarrassing as were the condition of sdfair,: he happily surprised the nation, acting so wiselj hat but few criticisea ais administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second term. His name was ably presented before the con- vention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life car- rying with him the best wishes of the American peo- ple, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself. / l^^-L^y/ C/C-^c^C^CCL^Ly^A TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENT. 103 TEPHEN GROVER CLEVE- I, AN D,tl)e twenty second Pres- ident of the United States, was l)Orn in 1837, in the obscure town of Caldwell, Essex Co., N. J., and in a little two-aiid-a- half-story white house which is still standing, characteristically to mark the humble birth-place of one of America's great men in striking con trast with the Old World, where all men high in office must be high in origin and born in the cradle of wealth. When the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his father, who was a Presbyterian min- ister, with a large family and a small salary, moved, by way cl the Hudson River and Erie Canal, to Fayetteville, in search of an increased income and a larger field of work. Fayetteville was then the most straggling of country villages, about five miles from Pompey Hill, where Governor Seymour was born At the last mentioned place young Grover com- menced going to school in the "good, old fashioned way." and presumably distinguished himself after the manner of all village boys, in doing the things he ought not to do. Such is the distinguishing trait of all geniuses and independent thinkers. When he arrived at the age of 14 years, he had outgrown the caoacity of the village school and expressed a most emphatic desire to be sent to an academy. To this his father decidedly objected. Academies in those days cost money; besides, his father wanted him to become self-sup|x>rting by the quickest possible means, and tliis at that time in Fayette /ille seemed to be a position in a country store, where his father and the large family on his hands had considerable influence. Grover was to be paid ^50 for his services tiie first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $100 the second year. Here the lad com- menced his career as salesman, and in two years he had earned so good a reputation for trustworthiness that his employers desired to retain him for an in- definite length of time. Otherwise he did not ex- hibit as yet any particular " flashes of genius " or eccentricities of talent. He was simply a good boy. But instead of remaining with this firm in Fayette- ville, he went with the family in their removal to Clintoi, w!i:;re he had an opportunity of attending a high school. Here he industriously pursued his s'udies until the fanii'y removed with him to a point o 1 Bl ick River known as the " Holland Patent," a villa;^e of 500 or 600 people, 15 miles north of Utica, M Y. At this place hi-; father died, after preaching but three Sundays. This event broke up the family, and Grover set out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the position of ' under-teacher " in a,i asylum for the blind. He taught faithfully for two years, and although he obt.iir.ed a good reputation in this capacity, he concli'd- < that teaching was not his 5 GROVER CLEVELAND. calling for life, and, reversing the ti.iiJitional order, he left the city to seek his fortune, instead of going to a city. He first thought of Cleveland, Ohio, :is IhTc was some charm in that name for him; but before proceeding to that place he went to BufT.ilo to »sk the advice of his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a noted stock-breeder of that place. The latter did not speak entluisiastically. "What is it you want to tlo, my boy?" he asked. "Well, sir, I want to study lav»," was the reply. "Good gracious!" remarked ih« old gentleman ; " do you, indeed ? What ever put that into your head ? How much money have you got?" '•Well, sir, to tell the truth, I haven't got any." After a long consultation, his uncle offered him a place temporarily as assistant herd-keeper, at $50 a year, while he could " look around." One day soon afterward he boldly walked into the office of Rogers, Bowcn & Rogers, of Buffalo, and told Iheni what he wanted. A number of young men were already en- gaged in the office, but Grover's persistency won, and ne was finally permitted to come as an office boy and Have the use of the law library, for the nominal sum of $3 or $4 a week. Out of this he had to pay for his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and rugged one; and, although the first winter was a memorably severe one, his shoes were out of repair and his overcoat — he had none — yet he was nevertheless prompt and regular. On the first day of his service here, his senior em- ployer threw down a copy of Blackstone before him with a bang that made the dust fly, saying "Thai's where they all begin." A titter ran around the little circle of clerks and students, as they thought that was enough to scare young Grover out of his plans ; out in due time he mastered that cumbersome volume. Then, as ever afterward, however, Mr. Cleveland exhibited a talent for executiveness rather than for chasing principles through all their metaphysical Viossibil'ties. " Let us quit talking and go and do t," was practically his motto. The first public office to which Mr. Cleveland was elected was that of SherifT of Erie t'o., N. Y., in which Buffalo is situated; and in such capacity it fell lO his duly to inflict capital pi'-.Ishment uiwn two cjiniinals. In i88t he was elected Mayor of die City of Bufifalo. ci the Democratic ticket, with es- oecial reference to the bringing about 'er- i>i - .'-.—.c in the administration of the municipal affairs of that city. In this office, as well as that of Sheriff, his performance of duty has generally been considered fair, with possibly a few exceptions which were fer- reted out and magnified during the last Presidential campaign. As a specimen of his plain language in a veto message, we quote fiom one vetoing an iniqui tous street-cleaning contract: "This is a time foi plain speech, and my objection to your action shall be plainly stated. I regard it as the culmination of a mos bare-faced, impudent and shameless scheme to betray the interests of the people and to worse than squander the people's money." The New York Sun afterward very highly commended Mr. Cleve- land's administration as Mayor of Buffalo, and there- upon recommended him for Governor of the Empire State. To the latter office he was elected in 1882, and his administration o.*" the affairs of State was generally satisfactory. The mistakes he made, if any, were made very public throughout the nation after he was nominated for President of the United States. For this high offine he was nominated July II, 1884, by the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, when other competitors were Thomas F. Bayard, Roswell P. Flower, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin F. Butler, Allen G. Thurman, etc.: and he was elected by the people, by a majority of about a thousand, over the brilliant and long-tried Repul)- lican statesman, James G. Blaine. President Cleve- land resigned his office as Governor of New York in January, 18S5, in order to prepare for his duties as the Chief Executive of the United States, in which capacity his term commenced at noon on the 4th of March, 1885. The silver question precipitated a controversy between those who were in favor of the continu- ance of silver coinage and those who were opposed, Mr. Cleveland answering for the latter, even before his inauguration. On June 2, 1886, President Cleveland married Frances, daughter of his deceased friend and partner, Oscar Folsom, of the Buffalo Bar. Their union has been blessed by the birth of one daugh- ter, Ruth. In the campaign of 1888, President Cleveland was renominated by his party, but the Republican candidate. Gen. Benjamin Harrison, was victorious. In the nominations of 1S92 these two candidates for the highest position in the gift of the people were again pitted against each other and President Cleveland was victorious by an overwhelming majority. >^' ,«.rt«*' 4^j2a^ Oy^o^ TWENTY-THIRD PRESIDENT. ..o»o..gJXt®- [ENJAMIN HARRISON, the twenty-third President, is the descendant of one of the historical families of this country. The head of tlie family was a Major General Harrison, one of Oliver Cromwell's trusted follow- ers and fighters. In the zenith of Crom- well's power it became the duty of this Harrison to participate in the trial of Charles I, and afterward tc sign the death warrant of the king. He subse- q'jient:j paid for this with his life, being hung Oct. 13, 1660. His descendants came to America, and the next of the family that appears in history is Benja- rain Harrison, of Virginia, great-grand- father of the subject of this sketch, and »ftev wbom he was named. Benjamin Harrison was a member of the Continental Congress during the years 1774—5-6, and was one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence. He w*' three times elected Governor of Virginia Oen William Henry Harrison, the son of the distinguished patriot of the Revolution, after a sue cessful career as a soldier during the War of 1812, and with-a clean record as Governor of the North- western Territory, was elected President of the United States in 1840. His parser was cut short by death within one month after liis inruguration. President Harrison ^etz born at Nof^:Ii Bond, Hamilton Co., Ohio, Aug. SO, 1833 His life upto the time of his graduation by the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, was the uneventful one of a coun- try lad of a family of small means. His father was able to give him a good education, and nothing more. He became engaged wliile at college to tha daughter of Dr. Scott, Principal of a female schoo. at Oxford. After graduating he determined to en- ter upon the study of the law. He went to Cin cinnati and then read law for two years. At the expiration of that time young Harrison receivad tb'; only inheritance of his life; his aunt dying left bin; a lot valued at $800. He regarded this legacy as & fortune, and decided to get married at ouce, taka tliis money and go to some Eastern town an I be gin the practice of law He sold his lot, and with tiie money in his pocket, he started out witn his young wife to fight for a place in the world. H« 108 BENJAMIN HARRISONS ■ k'ciilcd to go to Infliannpolis, which was even at llmt time a town of pioiuisL'. lie met willi sliglit fiicourageuient at lir:;omplimentary terms. During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field Le Pupreme Court declared the office of the Su- preme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leav- ing Indiana with his regiment until the fall oi 1861 be had taken no leave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same otlice, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time made a brilliant canvass of the State, and was elected for another terra. He then started to rejoin Sher- man, but on the way was stricken down with scarlet 'iCver, and after a most trying siege made his way to the front in time to participate in the closing iEcidcnts of the war In 1808 Gen. Harrison declined vc-elcction as .■«lK)rter, and resumed the practice of law In 1870 iie was a candidate for Governor, Although de- bated, the brilliant cami)aign hi- ij^ade won iorhini a National reputat:;>n, and ho was much sought, cs- pecial.y in the East, to make speeches. In 1880, as usual, he took an active par^. in i,ae campaign, Mid w:;' elected to the 'Jnited States Senate. Here uc set-ved six years, anc' .-as known as one ci the ibie.il men, best lawyer* uud strongcs*^ debaters in that body. With the expiration of his Senatorial tLMin he leturncd to llie practice of his profession, becoming the head uf one of the strongest firms iu the State. The political campaign of 1888 was one of the most memorable in the history of our country. The convention which assemijled in Chicago in .Iiine an.. named Mr. Harrison as the chief standard bearer of the Republican party, was great in ever3' partic- ular, and on this account, and the attitude it as- sumed ujiou the vital questions of the diiy, chief among which was the tariff, awoke a deep interest in the campaign throughout the Nation. Shortly after the nomination delegations began to visit Mr. Harrison at Indianapolis, his home. This move- ment became popular, and from all sections of the country societies, clubs and delegations jtjurneyed thither to jmy their respects to the distinguished statesman. The popularity of these was greatly increased on account of the remarkable speeches, made by Mr. Harrison. He spoke daily all through the summer and autumn to these visiting delega- tions, and so varied, masterly and eloquent were Iiis speeches that they at once placed him in the foremost rank of American orators and statcsmc.'). On account of his eloquence as a speaker and hie power as a debater, he was called upon at an un- commonly early age to take part in the discussion of the great questions that then began to agitate the country. He was an uncompromising anti slavery man, and was matched against some of t'.:e most eminent Democratic sjwakers of his Stau,, No man who felt the touch of his blade de; ired ti. be pitted with him again. With all his c!oq-'ence jis an orator he never spoke for oratorical effect, i)ut his words always went like bullets to the mark He is purely American in his ideas and it: a spier did type of the American statesman. Gifted witli quick perception, a logical niind and a ready tongue, he is one of th« most distinguished impromptu speakers in the Nation. Many of these speeches sparkled with the rarest of eloquence and contained arguments of greiitest weight. Many of his terse slatements have already become aiihorisms. Origl- nal in thouglit precise iu logic, terse in statement, jet withal faultless in eloquence, he is recognized as the sound statesman and brill Ian orator O' tiic d«y ■M^ J^^^ ^i> "f^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^® Johnson, Massac, Pope -e^ Hardin Counties ILLINOIS -V 1^ INT^RODUQT^ORY. 3.HE time has arrived wlien it becomes the duty of the people of this county to per- petuate the names of their pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age and the duty that men of the pres- ent time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In bio- graphical history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of the people who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number re- maining who can relate the incidents of the first days of settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for the collection and preser- vation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time. To be forgotten has been the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. AH will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most earnest efforts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivion and to perpetuate their memory has been in propor- tion 'o the amount of intelligence they possessed. Th-; pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of their great rulers. The exhu- mations made by the archeologists of Egypt from buried Memphis indicate a desire of those people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements. The erection of the great obelisks were for the same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monu- ments, and carving out statues to chronicle their great achievements and carry them down the ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders, in piling up their great mounds of earth, had but this idea — to leave something to show that they had lived. All these works, though many of them costly in the ex- treme, give but a faint idea of the lives and charac- ters of those whose memory they were intended to perpetuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the people that then lived, i The great pyramids and some of the obelisks remain objects only of curiosity; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crum- bling into dust. It was left to modern ages to establish an intelli- gent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating a full history — immutable in that it is almost un- limited in extent and perpetual in its action; and this is through the art of printing. To the present generation, however, we are in- debted for the introduction of the admirable system of local biography. By this system every man, though he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, has the means to perpetuate his life, his history, through the coming ages. The scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left. The monument which his chil- dren or friends may erect to his memory in the ceme~ tery will crumble into dust and pass away; but his life, his achievements, the work he has accomplished, which otherwise would be forgotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind. To preserve the lineaments of our companions we engrave their portraits, for the same reason we col- lect the attainable facts of their history. Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only truth of them, to wait until they are dead, or until those who know them are gone ;^to do this we are asliamed only to publish to the world the history of those wh()se live" are unwcthy of uublic record. *^^}^ ^^?x^ jIL^ ON. ALONZO D. PIERCE. Among the |[/)Ji foremost of the citizens who have had the ^^^ making of Pope Countj^ within the past (^) three decades is the Hon. Alonzo Pierce, a man of well-rounded character, warm and gener- ous nature, far-seeing business acumen and large public spirit. He won distinction as one of the most fearless and efficient officers of the Illinois regiments that did such noble service during the late war, and has been prominent in the civic and business life of this section since that era of battle that proved the worth of his manhood and citizen- ship. Mr. Pierce was born at Jamestown, Chautauqua County, N. Y., January 17, 1831, a son of David Pierce, who was also a native of New York, born in the town of Hoosick, Rensselaer County. His father had removed to that part of the country from New England, his birthplace, and had rented land of the Van Rensselaers, a noted Knicker- bocker family of that region. His last years were, however, spent at Jamestown. The father of our subject was reared in eastern New York, and settled in Chautauqua County when a young man, becoming one of the early set- tlers of Jamestown. In 1833 he again started Westward, accompanied by his wife and two chil- dren, and made his way to Ohio. He stopiied for a wliile at Mentor, on land that was subsequently included in Gen. Garfield's estate at tlie time of his death. From there he went to Ashtabula County, and bought a sawmill that was operated by water-power. During the winter season he manufactured lumber, and engaged in farming the remainder of the year. In 1859, he once more turned his face "Westward, and coming to Illinois bought land in the western part of Pope County, and there serenel}' passed the rest of his days until his death, in 1876, at the age of seventy-four \-ears. His wife died in 1890, at the age of seventj'-eight years. Her maiden name was .Jane Jackson, and she was born in Chautauqua County, N. Y., a daughter of Daniel Jackson. She was the mother of four children: Lovina, Alonzo D., Isabelle and Andrew J. The father of our subject was a Demo- crat until the war broke out, but from that time he was a firm adherent of the Republican party. While a resident of Ashtabula County, Ohio, he served as Constable under John Sherman, Sr. The subject of this biography made the most of his opportunities for obtaining a practical educa- tion, and attended school quite regularly until 1848. In that year he commenced sailing on the Lakes, and was thus engaged for two seasons. In the winter of 1849 he came to Illinois; and in February, 1850, with several others, started from Naperville for an overland journey to California, tlioirs being the second train of that season to face IIH I'OUTRAIT ANU BIOOIIAIMIICAL RKVIKW. the perils jind liaidsliips to lu' ciR'oimti'i'cd in crossing tiie wide and desolate plains and the nii^lity harrier of niounlains that lay helween the little party and the wonderfid gold (ields of the modern Kl Dorado, where eaeh ho|)ed to make his forluiu". They er<»ssed the Mississippi River at t'omicil lilutTs, proeeeded to the present site of Omaha, thence Sonthward to Ft. Kearney (the present site of Nebraska City), and then their course lay Westward over the plains and Rocky iMt)untains. At that time there was scarcely a white settler between the Missouri River and Cali- fornia, except the Mormons atSt. Lake. Deer and antelope were plentiful, and the beautiful crea- tures were so little used to seeing white men, that they hardly knew whether or not to fear them. Buffaloes were encountered in innumerable num- bers. At the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains the ))arty ran out of provisions. The Mormons, who shrewdly took advantage of the tide of emigration that poured over the Rockies at this point to make money from the necessities of the emigrants, had driven stock hither a thousand miles from their abiding-place, and kept them there in readiness to sell to half-starved travelers at the most exorbitant prices. For ten pounds of fresh beef our subject and his comrades gave them a good wagon, harness for four horses, nearly a boxof si)erni candles, half a box of soap and ^i> in cash. .July 13, our party of adventurers arrived at Ilangtown (now Placcrville), and were soon en- gaged in seeking gold. Mr. Pierce mined for nearly two years with fair success, and then pur- ch.ised a ranch in the Sacramento A'alley, twenty- five miles above the city of the same name. A few months later he found that his title was not good, and selling what stock he had to pay his debts, he returned to the mountains, where he joined his former partner, having !ji2l) in cash with which to begin life again. He bought an interest in a mine with his old partner, and continued min- ing until 18.')(>. Tiring of the rough and wild life of a mining camp, in that j'ear he returned to his old home in Ohio, traveling by the Nicaragua route, and he went into the lumber business with his father in Ashtabula County. The panic of IH;')? came, bringing hard times and linaiicial dis- aster to many a linn, and the Pierces were obliged to suspend business. Tliej- continued to reside in Ohio until 1S.')!I, and then father and son came to Illinois to retrieve their fallen fortunes. Togetlier they bought land on sections 21 and '25, township 14, range 5, and carried on agricultural pursuits until the Rebellion broke out. As soon as ptissible. Mr. Pierce settled his affairs and arranged to enter the ranks as a soldier to help defend his country 's honor, his heart going out in undying patriotism to her in the hour of her greatest trial, when she needed the support of every true-born freeman. He enlisted as a private in August, IStil, in Company A, Sixth Illiiioi- Cavalry, and for four long and bitter years served the Government vviih unwavering fidelity in the performance of his duties, however arduous, and with unshaken loyalty to the old Hag, until a few months after peace was declared, and he and his gallant men were no longer needed at the front. Soon after his enlistment he was promoted to the position of First Sergeant, and was made drill- master, company clerk and Quartermaster-Sergeant. ¥ov bravery in battle he was promoted to the rank of Captain, and was afterward commissioned Ma- jor for his heroic conduct. He was with his regi- ment in its various marches, and in the campaigns in which it bore au important part, and was al- ways conspicuous for his valor and intreiiidity in ever.v encounter with the enemy. At Belmont, Tenn., he led one hundred of his command against Richardson's regiment, and had the rebels well whipped before the rest of his regiment came up. Sixty of the one hundred men who thus bravely followed their daring leader were either killed or wounded. In that engagement the valiant Major had a hand-to-hand encounter with Maj. Benson, of the rebel army, upon whom he indicted a mor- tal wound. Our subject's military life was brought to an end by his honorable discharge with his regi- ment in November, ISG.'j. Returning home from his long sojourn in the South, Mr. Pierce resumed farming. In 1877 he turned his attention to the mercantile business, opening a store for the sale of general merchandise, and continued actively eng.aged in th.it line until PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 119 he turned the business over to his sons in 1892. Then, having become interested in tlie creamery at Goiconda, he began to devote himself to dair^' farming, which he finds profitable under his wise management, the employment of modern methods and the careful selection and care of stock . In 18.57 our subject was married to Miss Orrilla Willard, of Naperville, and her pleasant compan- ionship and helpfulness have added grace and full- ness to his life. Four children have hallowed their union: May, wife of Frank Staubitz; Walter; Car- rie, wife of Charles Steyer; and Henry. Mr. Pierce has been conspicuously identified with the political life of the county since the early days of the Republican party, wlien he cast his first Presi- dential vote for Gen. Fremont. He was a fearless and bold advocate for the abolition of slavery, be- ing one of the first Abolitionists in Pope County, when it was absolutely dangerous for a man to champion the cause of the slave. He is a man of strong convictions and resolute will, of a cour- ageous and dauntless nature, his life on the fron- tier strengthening these traits, and he has never swerved from any course that he thought right. He used to attend political meetings here armed to the teeth, and made stump speeches with his re- volver in his hand, while cooly facing an excited assembly of people who were decidedly at odds with him on the political questions of those ante- bellum days. In 1856 he voted for Joshua R. Giddings for Congress. He continued to act with the Republican party until 1887, and then, finding himself at variance with it on the tariff issue, and his sentiments more in harmony with the Demo- crats in that regard, he has since affiliated with them. His fellow-citizens knowing him to be a man among men, gifted with fine personal attri- butes and rare business iiualifications, hold him in high esteem, and have honored hi:n and themselves by his election to two of the most important offices that the3' can bestow by their suffrage. In 1870 he was elected Sheriff of Pope County, and so well did he act in the interests of law and order, that he was re-elected in 1872, and again in 1874, and it is conceded that no more zealous or capable offi- cial ever held the office. In 1876 the popular Sheriff was sent to represent his constituents in the State Legislature, and there too he did good service. Mr. Pierce is one of the leading members of Raum Post No. 362, G. A. R., of which he w.as one of the organizers; and he is likewise an active member of Goiconda Lodge No. 131, A. F. & A. M.; and of Goiconda Chapter No. 162, R. A. M. ^2. ■jll AMES P. TAYLOR has been a thrifty and practical farmer of Pope Count3', 111., and although he has disposed of the greater part ^^^^'' of his real estate he is still the owner of and engaged in cultivating forty acres of land in the vicinity of Elizabeth, which, though small, most emphatically indicates that Mr. Taylor thor- oughly understands the art of farming. The land is exccptionall}' well tilled, and on it are excellent farm buildings of all descriptions, among which is a neat frame residence, in which Mr. Taylor and his amiable wife are spending their declining years. James P. Taylor was born in IJartholoraew County, Ind., November 9, 1825, a son of Aaron Taylor, who was born and reared in the Buckeye State, and whose life was devoted to the honorable occupation of farming. He became a resident of Pope County, 111., in 1833, the journey to Goi- conda being made by water, and in what was then the wilds of the State he began to carve out a home for himself and wife and those who might come after them. His wife was Miss Anna Lee, a daughter of John Lee, a Iloosier bj" birth and bringing up, and to him she proved a true help- mate in his early days of adversity. They entered a tract of Government land in the vicinity of Glendale, and on that tract of land their home con- tinued to be until the death of Mrs. Taylor in 1834, at which time she was in the prime of woman- hood. She left three sons and two daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch is the third child and second son. In 1836 the head of the family was also taken away, being killed by a fall- ing tree which he w.as clioiipiiig down. The little 12(1 I'OKI'UAIT AM) I'.KtCi; AI'IIICAI. lil'A I I'.W. band of orpliuii cliildicn wim-c kindly looked iiflcr liv tlic g- V us. MARTHA AK.NOLI), widow of An- drew J. Arnold, controls and manages the farm on section 9, ^'ienlla Township, of which she is joint owner with her mother, and is an intelligent factor in promoting the agri- cultural interests of .lohnson County. She was born in England, ]\Iarch 19, 1845, and accompa- nied her father to this country when a J"0ung girl, her mother following them in April, 1861. Mr. Smith, our subject's father, had worked in a woolen factory in the Old Country, and was poor when he came here. He was, however, industri- ous and thrifty, and was prospered as a farmer, which calling he adopted after coming to the United States, and at his death left a comfortable property, the old homestead upon which his last years were passed falling to his wife and daughter Martha. Mrs. Smith married again after the death of her husband, becoming the wife of Thomas Goddard, and is now a resident of Du Quoin. She is the mother of three children by her first mar- riage: Martha; Emma, wife of .John Miller, of Hamilton County; ami Clara, wife of K. JNI. King, of Vienna. Our subject was married .luly 10. 1864, to An- drew Jackson Arnold, and her wifely devotion to his interests contributed much to his success in life. Mr. Arnold w.as born in Kentucky, March 13, 1838. His father w.is Elijah Arnold, who was a native of North Carolina, whence he went to Henderson County. Ky., wheie he engaged in far- ming until his demise. Our subject's husliaml PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 121 liad to work hard when a boy, as did all farmers' sons brought up under pioneer restrictions, and only had an occasional chance to attend school. In January, 18a4, when he was nearly sixteen years old, he started out in the world to seek For- tune's favors, setting out on his momentous jour- ney on foot, with a light purse, but with the stead- fast intention of making the best of his life. He at length arrived in northern Illinois, found em- ployment on a farm, went to work with a will, and was thus engaged when the war broke out. He was then in the full Hush and vigor of the opening years of a promising manhood, and .as he was im- bued with the ardent patriotism that characterizes every loyal citizen", while doing his duty at home he watched the course of the rebellion with intense interest, and was ready when more men were needed at the front to volunteer his services, en- listing in Company D, Eighty-ninth Illinois In- fantry, in August, 1862. He took part in a num- ber of engagements, including the hotl}' contested battle of Stone River. His naturally strong con- stitution broke down under the ravages of army life, and he was remanded to the hospital, but did not rally so as to be fit for further service, and ac- cordingly was honorably discharged at Indianap- olis. After his retirement from the service Mr. Ar- nold went to work again at farming, still desirous to make a home for himself. In 1870 he came to .Johnson Count}', and for a number of years rented a place for agricultural purposes, and also engaged in the grocery trade at Vienna for a time, living in the village about five years. He bought some land in Bloomfield Township, which was subse- ijuently sold. After his army service he had never regained his former strength and health, an insid- ious disease, contr.acted while he was in the South, finally causing his death. His last years were spent on the farm in ^'ienna Township on which his famil}' is living. He devoted himself to agri- cultural pursuits, conducting his operations with good financial success, showing himself to be a sa- gacious, capable farmer, with a clear understand- ing of his vocation in all its branches. When scarcely past the prime of life his labors were brought to an end by death, .January 11, 1887, and the township was thus deprived of one of its worthiest citizens, one who had been true to him- self and others in every relation — in his family a kind and considerate father; to his neighbors friendly and obliging; and alw.ajs faithful in the discharge of the duties of citizenship. His burial, which took place in Odd Fellows' Cemetery, w.as conducted with due solemnit3\ Six children were born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Arnold, namelj": Mary Ellen, at home with her mother; Joshua, who is married and lives at Anna; Martha Elizabetli, who also resides at home; Rufus Monroe, who died in Vienna, September 18, 1875; Emma Edith, who died July 20, 1870; and George, at home with his mother. Since her husband's death Mrs. Arnold h.as taken entire charge of the farm, which comprises eighty acres of exceedingly fertile land, and under her energetic and clear-sighted management it is made to yield to the utmost, and good order pre- vails on every side. She displays excellent quali- fications as a farmer, and is a business woman of more than ordinary capacity. She and her family have a pleasnnt honse, over which she rules as a wise mother. She has her children's interests at heart and is giving them the best educational ad- vantages that she can afford. ^ citizei ^^/ forth. '^ AMES MADISON ABBOTT, a resident of Golconda, was one of the noble army of izen-soldiers who did such grand service he Union during the late war, and to which he devoted the opening years of manhood, sacrificing health, wliich is dearer than life itself, for his country. He was born in Lynchburgh, Tenn., April 23, 1843. His father,.James M. Abbott, who was also a soldier in the late war and died while fighting for the Stars and Stripes, was born in North Carolina in 1814, and was a son of Sterlino- Abbott, who was a native of the same State, whence he removed to Tennessee and cast in his lot with its pioneers. He selected a tract of Government land near Lynciiburgh, and on tlie farm that he re- 122 l'(»l!li;Air AM) I'.IOdli Al'IIIC AL lUA 1 1;\\ claimed from the wilderiif.ss lie ilit'd diiriii<; tlic hito W!ir at a ri|)e old age. His wife liorc the maiden name of Susan Merrill, and was like- wise a native of North Carolina. Her father, Kvans Menill, is thoujjht to have been born in Pennsylvania and was a Revolutionary soldier. After that war he settled in North C'aroli?ia and died there. The grandmother of onr subject died on the home farm in Tennessee. The father of our subject learned the trade of a blacksmith in his younger daj's but did not follow it many years. In the fall of 1848 he emigrated to this State with his family, making the removal with teams and cooking and camping by the waj'. On his arrival he selected a tract of Government land five miles south of Oolconda, erected a log house, and commenced at once to clear a farm, upon which he resided until his enlistment in 18(M in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty- sixth Illinois Infantry. lie did his duly faithfully at the front, but the extreme hardships to which he was subjected were too much for him to bear, and the same year he died in the service, yielding up his life for his country, and all that was mortal of him was laid to rest at St. Louis. His wife sur- vived him many years, her death occurring on the home farm in 1889. She, too, was a native of North Carolina, her maiden name being Mary Evans, and her parents were Elliott and Elizabeth (.Speck) Evans. The subject of this brief biographical record was but five years old when the family came to Illinois. At that time this section of the country was but little iuiproved; deer and wild turkeys were plen- tiful and bears were occasionally to be found. IVIr. Abbott passed his youth beneath the parental roof, affording his father valuable assistance in redeem- ing his land from its native stale, and the break- ing out of the great Rebellion found him quietly working on the farm. The patriotic spirit inher- ited from a Revolutionary grandsire was aroused as he watched the course of the war, and he deter- mined to offer his services to help protect the Old Flag. Accordingly, September 24, 18G1, he en- listed, although he was but eighteen years old, be- coming a member of Company G, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, lie displayed line soldierly (pialitios. fighting with the coolness of a veteran whenever he went into battle, and he stood by his colors until he was disabled by a gunshot wound while at the front duringan cngjigemont with the enemy, some time in 18(;;i, a bullet passing completely through his lungs and body. He was so prostrated by this serious wound that nearly cost his life, that he was honorably discharged. He is still an in- valid, suffering continually from the effects of his wound, and is unable to do any manual labor. Mr. Abbott was married in 1869 to Miss Mary Slagic, a native of Golconda and a daughter of John R. and Isabelle (Aldrich) Slagle, natives of Indiana. Two children have been born to them, Myrtle and May. Mr. and Jlrs. Abbott are worthy Christian people and members in high standing of the Presbyterian Chuicli. .Mr. Abbott is a true Democrat. L. BURNETT is a true son of Johnson County, "native and to the manor born," and an honor to its citizeiislii]). He is a teacher by profession, and one who has made his mark as an intelligent and progressive educator. Failing health obliged him to give up his favorite pursuit, at least for a time, and turn- ing to the active and invigorating occupation of a farmer, he is successfully managing a well- equipped farm, of which he is the proprietor, known as the "old Johnson Farm." which is of his- torical interest .as one of the first, if not the verj' first, settled in this section of tlie eoinitry. Our subject was born October 12, 18.')0, on the farm in this count}' still owned and occupied by his father, Asahel B. Burnett, of whom a sketch appeal's elsewhere m this work. He was an onl}' child, and received a careful home training. Brought up on a farm, he early formed habits of industry, and acquired a knowledge of agriculture that has been of advantage to him since he again resumed its labors. In his .school days he was a bright boy, always standing well in his cl.asses, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 123 and lie had tlie advantage of his fatlier's instruc- tions, as tiie latter taugiit the school in which he was a pupil. At the age of nineteen, having secured a good education, he commenced to teach, and was engaged in that vocation for seventeen years, al- ways in his native county, with the exception of one term. The old saying, "A prophet is not with- out honor save in his own country," has no signif- icance in his case, as full appreciation of his talents by his fellow-citizens is shown b\- his con- tinuous responsible position at the head of various schools where he is best known. Desiring to make the profession in which he had so successfuU^y engaged a business, Mr. Burnett entered the Normal School at Carbondale for one term, and acquitted himself with honor while a student in that institution, maintaining a high standing in scholarship. Since his first term of school he alwa3's held a first-grade certificate. He applied himself so closely to his beloved profes- sion, that his health began to fail, and it was evi- dent that unless he made some change life for him had not many more years to run. Therefore he bought the farm called the "old Johnson Farm," comprising seventy-five acres of land, situated in Vienna Township, and he has since engaged in general farming, and is giving some attention to raising strawberries and other small fruits. He has here an attractive home on this old place, which was so early in the settlement of the county re- claimed from the wilderness. The old house, which has been remodeled and repaired, was built in 1818, and is a relic of pioneer days. Mr. Burnett was married in 1882, to Miss Sarah C. Con ley, a native of Pope County, who was, like himself, a bright }'oung school teacher, and the ac(iuaintance, formed while they were pursuing their calling, ripened into a congenial and happy marriage, which has been hallowed to them by the birth of four children: Asahel Breese; Chloe Bertie; Ophy, who died in infancy; and Harry C, de- ceased. Mrs. Burnett's parents were from the State of iSIew York, and lived in Pope County' af- ter coming to Illinois until their death. Our subject has in a measure regained his health under the stimulus of an active, out-door life, and he still cherishes the idea of re-entering his old field of labor, for which he is so well adapted, as soon as he is able to carry forward its work with- out detriment to his physical well-being. He is a gentleman of culture, is still a careful student, and the educational interests of this county should have the benefit of his experience and prestige as a teacher. i>-^^', Saline County; Rob Roj' is a resident of \'ienna; and Fleta M. is the wife of James Gibson, of Goreville. Four children complete the pleas.int home circle of our subject and his wife, namely: Norman T., - Herman, Lloyd and Bernard. Two were called hence bj' early death: Homer, who died at the age of seven years; and Henry Calvin, who w'as thir- teen months old when he died. *^^! ll«=Jsu f/NDKHW .lACKSOX PKRKINS, the poi.u- lar and well-known proprietor of the Per- kins House, is one of Johnson County's na- tive-born sons, and first saw the light on the old family homestead July 14, 18.53. His fa- ther was the late Capt. William Perkins, who was an honored pioneer of the county, a gallant oSliccr during the war, and a man of prominence in the public life and in the business circles in this part of the State. Capt. Perkins was born January ti, 1819, in Kentucky. His father, who w.as a farmer, died there, while his mother spent her last years in this county. Ho had to work hard uikhi the old farm PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 125 that was bis boj-hood's home, and onl}'^ had an occasional chance to attend school, but he had an active, receptive brain, and besides learning to read and write outside of the school-room, he ac- quired a practical education in other directions, and was a well-informed man. He was ambitious to make something of himself, and at the age of nineteen left the shelter of the paternal roof to try life in the young and growing State of Illinois, coming to new scenes with but little money, but with an assured capital, consisting of a clear head, willing hands and an honest, courageous heart. He at once engaged in hard work on a farm, re- ceiving twenty-five cents a day in pa}'ment for his toil, and he continued for some time to labor for others at whatsoever he could lind to do, contriv- ing to lay up a little monej* in spite of low wages. He thus accumulated sufficient means to enable him to take unto himself a helpmate, and May 10, 1840, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Simpson, whose people were early settlers of the county. After his marriage the Captain rented land in .Johnson County, and devoted all the time he could spare to its cultivation, having to do other work to obtain money to support himself and wife. Sometimes he would cut wood, and once he made a trip to New Orleans with a flatboat load of hop poles to sell. In this manner he toiled on for a number of years, and then bought a farm two miles east of the present site of Vienna. A roughly built log cabin constituted the main improvement on the place when he took possession of it, and it was only by diligence, perseverance and the application of sound meth- ods of farming that he made of it one of the best farms in the neighborhood, clearing the land b}' felling the primeval forest trees and burning them to get them out of the way. He subse(|uently sold that farm and turned his attention to milling in Vienna, having an interest in a flourmill and in a sawmill, in connection with A. J. Ku3'ken- dall. The war broke out, and Capt. Perkins laid aside all plans for the future to respond to his country's call for help, and with cheerful self-sacrifice and an enthusiastic patriotism that was contagious, assisted in raising a company for service, which was incorporated in the Fourteenth Illinois Cav- alry as Company G, and he was appointed its Captain. He was in the army nearly four years, fought in many battles, and in action evinced true courage, promptness and decision that made his services as an officer valuable and inspired his men with confidence. He was finally seriously wounded in an engagement with the enemy, was taken to a farm-house, where he remained until he had so far recovered as to be able to walk with crutches, and then, he having fallen into the hands of the rebels at the time he was wounded, he was sent to Anderson ville to drag out life as best he could amid the sickening environments of the prison stockade at that place. Some months later he was fortunately exchanged, was subse- quently discharged on account of disability, and returned home with impaired health, and never again regained the vigor and fine physical condi- tion of bygone years. The Captain was a man of affairs, who was in- fluential in public life, and was a man of large public spirit, who was active in promoting enter- terprises for the advancement of the county. Among other things, he was persuaded to sign a bond for a mail route between Dongola, Union County, and Vienna. The principal on the bond died, and the Captain had to complete the con- tract for carrving the mail. In 1868 he was elected Sheriff of the county, and served the full term. Previous to that time, in about 1866, he bought what has since been known as the Per- kins House, a hotel property in Vienna, which he improved to some extent, adding to the build- ing, and he had it under his management, except when he rented it, until his death, which occurred April 30, 1892. Thus there passed away from the scenes of his usefulness one who had been for many j'cars closel}' identified with the growth of the county, and whose memory- will long be cher- ished for his great worth as a man and a citizen. The partner of his jo^'s and sorrows preceded him in death, dving in August, 1889. They were the parents of twelve children. Cynthia E., John Lewis and Henry S., who are dead; James K., a railway bridge carpenter, at Menna; Mary L. and ■2r, riiiMi.'Air \Mi r.Mx.i; Ai'iiK Ai. i;i;\ii;w August M., dcccasL'd ; Indiiiiia, wife of W. E. Gale- iicr, of Tuiuii'l Hill; Andrew .)., our subject; Kdie ('. and Mary .!., both of whom are dead; William Iv, a resident of Poplar HIvifT, Mo.; and Lizzie K., deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins also took to their liome and hearts and leared as fine of llieir own ,). A. Simpson. Andrew .1. Perkins, of wliom we write, is the eight child of the family. His early years, were spent on the farm, but when he was eight years old his parents removed to town, and he had the advantage of an education in the scliools of Vienna. When he was a boy he was mail-car- rier for his father between this village and Don- gola, and he also worked in the livery stable that his father operated in connection with the hotel. He conceived the idea of going to Texas to seek liis fortune, but he went no further than Arkansas on his journey thither, and stopping there a few months was variously employed, working on a farm, at paper hanging, working in a confectioner}' store, baker's shop, etc. After his marriage, in 1876, he lived in tiie hotel witli his father and engaged in the transfer business. After running an express wagon nearly a 3'ear, he went on the road selling goods. In 187!) he learned the art of photography- at Vienna, and for a while gave his attention to that busi- ness. Ill 1880 he bought a half interest in a bar- ber shop, learned the trade, and at the end of ten \'ears bought out his partner, and was sole propri- etor of the establishment. He carried on a thriv- ing business, but abandoned it in .September, 1891, to take charge of the hotel property, which he bought of his father. He is admirably adapted to his position as "mine host,"' being perfectly fam- iliar with the management of a hotel, always courteous and accommodating, and he enjoys his share of public patronage. He is an exemplary citizen, imbued with true public spirit, and having the interests of his town and county at heart. He, is a member of the .School lioard, and apjireciating fully the benefits of a good education, uses his in- fluence to keep the local schools up to a high standard. In politics he is a Hcpublicaii. Ilo lias served on the Village Hoard of Trustees. The marriage of Mr. PeiUiiis with Miss Sarah C. Ralls was solemnized Kelnuaiy Kt, lK7(i. .Mrs. Perkins' parents came from Teniies.see to this State in the early years of its settlement, and her mother is still living at a venerable age, making her home with her. Mr.s. Perkins is a consistent Christian, and an active member of the Metluidist Kpiscopal Church. Her union with our subject has been blessed to them by the birth of six chil- dren, as follows: Hariy; two who died in infancy; Fred; Winnie, deceased; and Nellie. ENHV T. I'.KIlXiHS, .lustice of the Peace at X'ieiiiia, is pros|)eroiisly engaged in tlie grocery business in that village, and is one of its leading citizens. He was born Feb- ruary 25, 1831, in Marshall Count3',Tenn., one iiiik- from Lowisburgh. His father was .lames \). Bridges, who was a native of North Carolina and a son of Fianuis Bridges, who was also a native of that .State. The latter was a son of William Bridges, who was an Knglishinan by birth and came to this country in Colonial times, settling in North Carolina, where he died. The grandfather of our subject was reared and married in his native State, Sarah Cadle, a na- tive of the State and a daughter of .lesse Cadle. becoming his wife. In 181.5, he emigrated to Ten- nessee and settled in that part of Maury County now included in Marshall County, where he bought land, which he farmed some j-ears. His next move was to Mississippi, but he only remained two years, and then took up his abode in Carroll County, Tenn., where his earthly pilgrimage w.as brought to a close by liis death at a ripe old age. The father of our subject was seven yeais old when the family located in the wilds of Tennessee. Here he grew to man's estate and was married in Maury County to Elizabeth Thomii.^oii, who was a daughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Seliefner) Thompson, and also a native of North Carolina. In 18;}.T Mr. Bridges went to Mississijipi and took up his residence on a fniiii thai lie purchased, situ- ated seven miles cast nf lloli\ Spriiiirs. lleie he PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 127 divided Ills time between farming and mercantile pmsuits, trading cliietly with the Chickasaw Indi- ans. Six years after his removal to Mississippi he sold his property there and took up his residence at Dyersburgh, Tenn., where he engaged in farm- ing and teaming. Two years later he made another removal, going to Ballard County, Ky., where he bought a farm and established a smithy and wagon shop, which he managed in addition to farming. In 1844 he woundup his affairs there and came to this State and county, accomp.anied by his wife and eight children, the removal being made with teams. He settled in Vienna, entering a tract of Government land near the village, and while he superintended the improvement of his land he operated a smithy and wagon manufactoiy. In 1852 he again disposed of his propert3', and buy- ing laud in Laclede Count^^, Mo., he engaged in farming and stock-raising there until his death, in February, 1863. His wife died in this county in 1882. They reared six children to honorable and useful lives, namely, Jesse C, Henry T., Sarah, Charlotte, AVilliam and Benjamin. He of whom we write was but two and one-half j'ears old when the familj' entered upon its vari- ous migrations, and he was thirteen years old when he was brought to Illinois. When he was twelve years old, the active, industrious lad began to learn the trade of a blacksmith under the instruction of his father, with whom he remained until he was twenty years old. He became an expert at his trade, and at that age opened a shop for himself at Vienna. In 1880 he abandoned that business to engage in the grocery business, which he has car- ried on with good financial success ever since, hav- ing a well-conducted store, which is amply stocked with first-class groceries. December 31, 1852, the marriage of our subject with Miss Jlary E. Carter, a native of Giles County, ']"enn., and a daughter of Vincent and Elizabeth (Rose) Carter, was solemnized. They have five children living, namely: Amanda Belle Cowsert, James IL, Vesta Hogg, Harry T. and "Willie. Mr. Bridges is a man of sterling sense and sound judgment, and he has been selected by his fellow- citizens to administer the law in the capacity of Justice of the Peace. He is now serving his sec- ond term in that capacity at Vienna, having form- erly held the office for the township. He was also Police Magistrate for six years, and his decisions, as in his present position, were always marked by a clear knowledge of the legal bearings of each case, and were alwaj'S impartial. In politics, he is a straightforward Republican and stands faithfully by his party whate'er betides. He is a man of prominence in various social organizations, be- longing to the following-orders: Vienna Lodge No. 150,A.F.& A.M.; Vienna Chapter No. 57, R. A.M.; Council No. 67, R. & S. M.; and he was a charter member of Vesta Lodge No. 340, I. O. O. F., with which he is still connected. He is also a member of Vienna Encampment No. 53. -^^+^1= (T/^^ ON. WILLIAM A. SPANN, of Vienna, is a ifjjl lawyer of the highest order, whose char- /^^ acter and legal attainments mark him as (^, one of the most successful and honored members of the Bar of southern Illinois. He was born in Cherokee County, Ala., October 6, 1840, and is a son of Silas Spann, a retired mercliant re- siding at Alto Pass, in this State. The father of our subject is a native of North Carolina, where he carried on the occupation of farmer in earlj^ manhood. In 1848 he left that State for New Orleans, La., but he did not tarry there long, as the following j'ear found him in Union County, this State, where he was one of the pioneer merchants for the sale of general merchan- dise in the village of Anna, carrying on business with a Mr. Sessions under the firm name of Sessions & Spann. He finally bought his partner's interest in the concern, and remained sole proprietor until his retirement from business in 1878, having in the course of a long and honorable career accumu- lated an ample property, and he is now serenel}' passing the sunset of life at Alto Pass, his j-ears numbering eighty-three. He has been four times married. His first wife, Martha Lott, a native of Georgia, the mother of our subject, died in Chero- kee County, Ala. He was then married to Mrs. 128 PORTRAIT AND lUOGRArHICAL REVIEW. I'liillaiil, of Al:tbiima. She died, and he wiis wed- dfil lu C'liurlotte Alexander, of I'liion t'ouiily, iiiid after her demise he married Mrs. Cox, also of rnion County. There were four ehihh'cn horn of the (irst marriajje, four of the .second, :incl a like number of liie third. Our subject was the sect)nd child of his father's lii-st marriage, and he was but two years old when he was deprived of the tender care of his mother by her untimely death. He lived with his grand- mother and some uncles until he was sixteen years old, and was trained to habits of industry on a farm, lie had but little chance to satisfy his craving for an education in the poor subscription schools of the locality in which he lived, whicii were illy sujjplied with textbooks, Webster's old spelling book being the one in which he obtained the rudiments of what knowledge heac'iuired from books in his childhood. After the de.ith of his father's second wife, he came to Illinois, in .lunc, 18;)7, and here his pros- pects of obtaining an education brightened. He was not only a bright scholar and retained what be learned, but he was a determined and energetic student, and applied himself eagerly to his studies in the school at Jonesboro, which he attended from July 1 to October 1, when he entered the public schools of that place. He cherished an ambition to become a lawyer, and having hud a solid founda- tion for the acquirement of legal knowledge, he commenced a regular course of reading with Judge Crawford as preceptor, in November, 1870. June 15, 1875, he was admitted to the l$ar at Mt. Ver- non, but he did not immediately enter upon the regular practice of his profession, having personal matters to look after, and among other things at- tending to the management of the farm that he owned in Johnson County. In March, 1877, he opened an otlice at Vienna, where he has since made his home. During the fifteen years that have elapsed since he settled hero, he has become widely known as a jurist well learned in law and of nuis- terly ability :is a practitioner, possessing su|)erior gifts .IS an advocate, a keen insight into human na- ture that is very helpful to him, and the Uict and business acumen needful to conduct legal cases to a successful issue. He is coiuleous and gentle- manly in his bearing, lirm in his adherence to lii> convictions of right and justice, and his reputation has attracted to him a large clientage in Johnson, Pope, Saline, Pulaski, Alexander, I'liion, William- son and Massac Counties, his business calling him to the courts of all these counties when in sessit>n, and he fre(|uently has cases in the State .Supreme Court and in the Tnited StJvtes Supreme Court at Cairo and .Springfield. December 21, 18G2. our subject w.as united in marriage with Miss Narcissa A. Simpson. Twenty- two years of wedded happiness were vouchsafed to them, and then she, who had filled in a perfect measure the relations of wife, mother and friend, died January 21, 1885. Her union with our sul)- ject was hallowed b^' the birth of six children: Flora, wife of Alec Hess, of Vienna; Mattie, wife of A. K. Cantwell; and these four at home with llieir father: Lula, Ida, Hallie and Willie. Mr. Spann is a Democrat of approved soundness, :U though by no means a bitter partisan, and hi> fellow-citizens, irrespective of party, would \iv pleased to have him take a more active part in public life, for which he is soerainentl3- fitted, but its honors and emoluments have no attraction for him in his devotion to his profession. In 1880, however, he was prevailed upon by his friends to enter the political arena as a candidate for the Legislature, was elected to represent this district, and was I'e-elected to the office in 1882. In Au- gust, 1885, he was appointed Postmaster at Vienn:i by President Cleveland, and had charge of the post-oflice in this village until his resignation in February, 1889. '\f?OSEPH H. BROADWAY is numbered among I the early settlers of Pope County, and has made his own way in the world from his early years. He is truly a .self-made man, and it is to his native characteristics of industry and well-directed effort that he has acquired his present position as one of the prospcrousand well- to-do farmers of townsliiii r_'. He owns a well- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEAV. 131 improved and liiglil.y cultivated farm, comprising four hundred and ten acres cm section 13, and has made almost all the improvements on his place, having himself erected all his comfortable build- ings and his pleasant farm residence. He is en- gaged in general farming, and also raises horses, mules, cattle, liogs and sheep. Our subject was born in Tennessee, November 8, 1827, and is the son of Ro\"al B. and Nancy (O'Neil) Broadway. The father was a native Vir- ginian, while his wife was born in Tennessee. Our subject's paternal grandfather, John B. Broadway, was likewise a native of Virginia, where he carried on extensive farms, but later removing to Tennes- see, made that State his home until liis death. Our subject's father emigrated to Illinois at an early day, and became the owner of some raw land in Pope Count}'. He made the journey to this State in wagons, camping out and cooking on tlie way, the trip consuming some three weeks. .Iosei)li Broadway was one in a family of nine children, and attended school a few montlis in his native State and a short time after coming to Illi- nois. However, his attendance at school, all told, did not cover more than a j'ear, and therefore he has been largely self-educated since arriving at mature years and becoming sensible of his needs in that direction. In those pioneer daj-s the early settlers had a great many difficulties to overcome, and his mother used to card, weave and spin the cloth for the garments of her whole famil}-, and until our subject was twenty years of age, he had never pos- sessed anything but homespun clothes. The school- house which he attended for a short time was built of logs, and was of the most primitive de- scription in regard to furnishings. Wild game was still veiy plentiful, and wolves often annoyed the settlers, sometimes creating havoc in their flocks and herds. When seventeen j'ears of age, Jlr. Broadway started out to make his own way in the world, working for four j-ears with a neighbor and receiv- ing liis board and clothes in compensation for his services. At the end of the four years his em- ployer gave him a horse, a heifer and a few hogs, hut he concluded to remain for two years longer, and engaged in farming on shares at the same 6 place. He then entered land at $1.25 per acre, and has been engaged in farming ever since on his original purchase. On the 14th of November, 1850, a marriage ceremony was performed which united the desti- nies of Mr. Broadway and Miss Elizabeth Frieze, who was born in Greene County, Tenn., April 14, 1826, and whose parents were among the early and honored pioneers of Illinois. The home of our worthy subject and his amiable wife has been blessed with a daughter, who was born November 8, 1862, and whose name is Mary Elizabetli. The family are members of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church, at New Libert}', and are active in the various branches of its work. For ten years Mr. Broadway has been a School Director, and is one of the warm advocates of good schools and teachers. He easts his ballot in favor of the prin- ciples and nominees of the Republican paity, and can always be found using his influence for the promotion of all good measures, and on the side of right and justice. He has made it one of his chief objects in life to leave to his descendants an honorable name, untarnished and without blemish. \fjOHN B. YOUNG, M. D., is prominent not only as one of the leading physicians and druggists of Pope County, but as one of its most successful financiers and business men, and as a progressive farmer and daiiyman, has done substantial service in promoting the ad- vancement of agriculture in this section, and has acquired a valuable property b}' masterly manage- ment of his affairs and judicious investment of his funds. The Doctor is of Scottish birth and ancestiy, born in Aberdeeusliire September 7, 1846. His father, John Young, was born in Inverness, and his parents were life-long residents of Scotland, he being the only member of the family who ever came to America. He learned the trade of a baker, and conducted the business in Alierdecn until i:!2 I'dlMKAlT AM) I'.loCUAniRAI. I!i;\li;W. 1856, when he came [<• \\w 1 in led States, and lo- cating in Chicago, lie pursiu'd his calling in that city for two yesirs. In 1858 he was joined by liis fiiniily, and coming lo Goiconda, he |)ui'chased a farm near tiie village, and devoted himself to agri- cidture until his death. The maiden name of his wile was Helen Brand, and slie was born in Aber- deen. Scotland, while her last years were passed in (iolconda. They reared four children, namely: .lohn 15., Elizabeth M., Helen and George B. Our subject laid the foundation of a liberal education in the excellent schools of Aberdeen, which he attended steadily from the time he was old enough until he came to this country', in IS.'iS. It was Ai)ril 11 of that year that he embarked with his mother, brother and sisters at Aberdeen, on the sailing-vessel "Trans-Atlantic," on that memorable voyage across the ocean that was to convey him to a new home and strange scenes far from the land of his birth. Landing at (Quebec six weeks later, the little family group proceeded directly to Chicago by wa^' of the Grand Trunk Haihvay, to be united once more with the husband and father, from whom they had been separated for two years. From there they went by rail to Cairo, and thence b\' steamer to Goiconda. From that time until he was sixteen years old our subject assisted his father on the farm, and gained an intelligent insight into all branches of agriculture, which he has since found very useful. The young lad had been watching with keen in- terest the progress of the war, and at the youthful age mentioned determined to enlist under the ban- ner of his adopted country that he might do what he could to help preserve int.act the Government, under whose protection he was to pass his remain- ing days. lie entered the army in 1863 as a mem- ber of Company K, One Hundred and Thirtj'-sixth Illinois Infantry, and, mere boy as he was, served with credit to his regiment and with the patriotism of a true-born son of the soil during the five months and twenty days of his term of enlistment, and was honorably discharged at the end of that time. After his return home Dr. Young began to learn the trade of a tinsmith, served an apprenticeship of three yeare, and then bought the business of his employers, conducted it himself for a few yeai-s, and then turning his attention to other interests, has since einplo^-ed a man to manage it. In 187.3 he commenced the stud_v of medicine, and in the spring of 187.') was graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago, with a comprehensive knowl- edge of the profession, and in the course of an extensive practice, upon which he immediately entered, opening his oHice at Goiconda, he has had the practical experience that gives added value to the services of a physician, especially, if, like our subject, he keeps himself well informed in regard to the progress made in the medical world and is quick to take advantage of new discoveries and to adopt new methods and measures of treatment when he feels assured of their superiority over the old. The Doctor is a man of innate force of character and of great versatility, united with rare execu- tive ability and excellent judgment, and his ener- gies are by no means confined to the limitations of his professional duties. He has two well-im- proved and valuable farms a mile from town, which he devotes to general farming and dair}- purposes, the farms being under his personal supervision. In 1880 he entered the drug business, which he has conducted ever since, and, as we have seen, con- trols a good business in the tinsmith line. He keeps these varied interests well in hand, derives from them a handsome income, and is one of the solid, monied men of the county-. A citizen of his calibre and standing necessaril}' exerts a whole- some intluence in the community, and his public spirit may be counted on to further all plans to promote the public weal. The Doctor is well known and popular in social circles as a member of Lodge No. 131, A. F. & A. JL; of Goiconda Chap- ter No. 162, R. A. M.; and of Goiconda Post No. 362, G. A. R. Our subject enjoys two of life's richest l)lessings, a pleasant home and an amiable, companionable wife, to whom he was united in marriage in 186i). Mrs. Young was formerly Alice M. Hoffman, and was born in Goiconda, a daughter of Jared and Marv (Holland) Hoffman. Four children, two of whom are living, were born to her and our sub- ject, Mary E. and Lulu, the elder of whom is PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 133 the wife of Edward D. Clark, cashier of the Pope Count}' Bank. Mi-s. Young is a woman of refined character and true womanly worth, and her name is associated with the good work of the Presbyterian Church, of whicli she is a member. AVID G.THOMPSON, State's Attorney of I j)j Pope Count}% is one of the most talented <^3(^ and popular members of the Bar in this sec- tion and is prominent in public, political and social life. He is a native son of the county, born on a farm two miles north of Golconda October 21, 18.')3. His father, the late Gordon Thompson,who was well known and honored in this count}' dur- ing his life, was born in Giles Count}', Va., Decem- ber 18, 1813. He was a son of John Thompson, who was a planter and, so far as known, spent his entire life in Virginia. The mai-den name of his wife, the grandmother of our subject.was Anderson. She survived her husband a number of years, was married the second time to a Mr. Hughes, and after his death came to Illinois with her children and spent the remainder of her days in Pope Count}r. The father of our subject was very young when his father died, and he then went to live with his maternal grandparents, by whom he was reared. He resided in Virginia until he was twenty-two years of age, and then, in 1836, set out on horse- back to traverse the intervening wilderness to visit his mother and family in this State. After his arrival he located on a piece of Government land, intending to stop one season only, and raised a crop of tobacco, which he sent down the river to market, intending to take the proceeds to defray the expenses of his return to Virginia. But he never heard of his tobacco again, and consequently did not go Imck to his native State, but made a permanent settlement here. He at first entered a small tract of land from the Government, bullion the place, and at once began to reclaim a farm from the primitive wilderness. He thus became identified with the pioneei-s of the county, and well did he perform his part in promoting the de- velopment of its agriculture and its growth. He was much prospered in his undertakings and ac- quired a handsome property. He entered other tracts of land at different times as his means in- creased, and atone time owned four hundred acres, much of which was improved. He continued to reside on his farm until his death, in, January, 1892, rounded out his life at a venerable age. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Jane Clemens and she was a native of Living- ston County, Ky. Her father, David Clemens, was a Virginian by birth and was a son of Jerry Clem- ens, who was also born in Virginia and was de- scended Trom one of the early English families that settled in the Old Dominion in Colonial times. He was a planter and is supposed to liave been a life-long resident of his native State. The mater- nal grandfather of our subject emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky and was one of the early settlers of Livingston County. The mother of our subject died in 1862, and the father subsequently married Louisa J. Williams, who survives him. He reared seven children by his first marriage: Loami J. Threlkeld, James C, Emma M. Mizell; Amanda J., Sarah, and John N., all deceased; and David G. Our subject obtained the rudiments of his edu- cation in the district school and subsequently be- came a student at the Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbondale, where he made rapid advancement and stood high in scholarship, being graduated in the Class of '78. At the age of nine- teen he began teaching and taught for four terms. This was but a means to an end, as he had decided to adopt the legal profession, and during that time he commenced the study of law. In 1880 he bought the Herald, a weekly paper, and was en- gaged in its publication for a period of two years. He did not abandon his preparations for the Bar, however, but continued his studies and was admitted in 1883. He at once opened an office at Golconda and has practiced here ever since. In 1887 ho f(jrnied a partnersliip with George A. Crow, under tiie firm name of Thompson & Crow, and they conduct an extensive legal busi- ness, which has been built up by close application to professional duties, watchful care over the in- 131 I'nlMKAir AM) UK •( . K A I'll l( A I, i;i;\ IKW tercsts intrusted to them, by a clear apprehension of coranion law and by honorable methods, which have secured to them tiie coiilideiice of their fel- low-citizens. Mr. Thonii)soM's reputation won him election to the important post of State's Attorney' in 1888, and re-election in 1892, and all are agreed that he is emineutly littcd for the ollice. The marriage of our subject with Miss Mary K. Iluffman was solemnized in April, 1882, and four childreu grace their pleasant home, Nellie, Mary Fay, Kugcne G. and John II. Mrs. Thompson is also a native of Poi)e County and is a daughter of Jared and Mary E. (Holland) Huffman, natives of Tennessee. Mr. ThomiKon is one of the leaders of the Re- publicans in this county, having been identified with the party ever since he cast his first Presi- dential vole for Garfield in 1880. He has served as Secretary of the IJepublicau County Central Committee for some years, also as a member of the Executive Committee; has been delegate to differ- ent Congressional conventions, and twice has been sent as delegate to State conventions. In his so- cial relations he is a member of Golconda Lodge No. 131, A. F. fi A. M.; and of Lodge No. 292, I. O. O. F., and is also a member of tlie Presbyte- rian Church. J'lOIlN II. CLYMKR, of \icnna, the well- j known contractor and builder, who is an important factor in promoting the growth of .lohnson County, served with credit in the great Civil AVar, although a mere boy when he entered the army. He was born in Jlaur^' County, Tenn., August 3, 1845. His father, John C. Clymer, was born in the same county, and was a son of Joseph Clymer, who was a native of North Carolina, whence he removed to Tennessee, and spent his last years in Maury County-. The father of our subject engaged in farming in his native State until 1854, when he came to Illinois and settled in Johnson County. He soon (•nimncnced to work at the trade of a carpenter, and was engaged in that trade a number of years. He is now a resident of New liurnside. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Shires, was a native of the same count}' in Tennessee as himself, and her parents were David and Holly (Harris) Shires. Mr. and Mrs. Clymer have five children: .Mary, David, John II., William and Holly. John H. Clymer, of this biograjihical review, was ten years old when he accompanied his par- ents to their new home in this county, the ever memorable journey being made with a team, and the Ohio River was crossed at Golconda. The famil}- first moved into an old log church, and lived in that about six months, and then removed to what is now Grantsburg Township, where our subject passed his boyhood until the breaking out of the war. With all the ardent patriotism of )'0uth, he desired to take part in the great con- flict in defense of the Stars and Stripes, and Octo- ber 6, 1861, found his name enrolled as a memlicr of Company I, Twentj'-ninth Illinois InfantiT, although he was but sixteen 3'ears of age. For three long and trying j'ears he was at the front, and earned a good name as a trusty, brave and loyal soldier. The most important battles in which he took part were Ft. Donelson, Sliiloh, the siege of Corinth and IIollj- Springs. At the latter place he was captured by the rebels, but he was immed- iately paroled, and for six months was at the parole camp at St. Louis. He was then exchanged and did garrison duty at Vicksburg until the ex- piration of his term of enlistment, October (>, 18(51, just three years after he entered the army. Mr. Clj'incr resumed work at his trade upon his return from Southern battlefields, and for the past twentj- j'ears has been engaged in business for himself as a contractor and builder. For a few years he was associated with J. G. Reese, and later with J. C. JIackey. He has erected many of the substantial buildings of the county, and is do- ing a fine business, as he has won a high reputa- tion for solid work and square dealings, and al- ways stiinds by his contracts. He is a man of ex- emplary habits, is an advocate of temperance, and is so earnestly interested in the temperance nio\e- ment that he carries his views into his jiolitics, and is a stanch Prohibitionist. He is closely identified PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 135 with the religious interests of the village as a member of the Christian Church, to which his wife also belongs, and both are held in high considera- tion by all around them. Mr. and Mrs. Cljmer were married in 1863. Mrs. Clymer, whose name before her marriage was .Tennie Garrett, was born in this county, and is a daughter of Thomas and Amanda (Cummins) Gar- rett. Her union with our subject has been blessed with the following children: Alice Pluym, Edward, Delia Parker, Fhjrcnce, Thomas, Charlie, Walter and HoUv. y;ILLIAM F. WEEKS, who is proprietor of a gentleman's clothing and furnishing ^J^^ goods establishment at Belknap, is a J'oung man of fine business qualifications and bids fair to become one of the solid, substantial citizens of Johnson County. He was born August 9, 1864, on a farm in Pope County, and is a son of James Weeks, also a native of that county, coming of one of its earliest pioneer families. He was born in 1827, and was early deprived of motherly care and paternal guidance, as his parents died when he was a child of seven years. He went to live with an elder brother and had but little chance to attend school, but in later years he made up for the early deficiencies of his education by ap- plication to books, and by acquiring a knowledge of places and events through observation. He remained with his brother until he was twenty jears old, and then took unto himself a wife in the person of Harriet M. Walker, who has been to him a true helpmate and loving companion. She came from Tennessee to Vopo County with her parents, who were earl}' settlers of the county, improv- ing a good farm from the wilderness. After his marriage James Weeks rented land in Pope County, and his wife actively co-operated with him in the making of a home. He did well in his undertakings, and several years later was enabled to buy a farm in the center of the county from his savings. lie cleared his land, and in due lime he and his wife found themselves in possession of a comfortable, well-improved prop- erty. He finally disposed of his farm and, pack- ing up the household goods, started with his fam- ily for Missouri. They tarried on the way three years in Kentucky, where the fatiier raised a crop. Resuming tiieir journey, the^' at length arrived in southeastern Missouri, where Mr. Weeks bought a large tract of timber land, some five hundred acres, and in the ensuing years ho engaged exten- sively in the wood business, his land being con- venicntl}^ situated near the river, and he cleared a farm. Mr. Weeks disposed of the farm just men- tioned at tiie end of twelve years' possession, and bought another on the rich bottom lands of the river. This proved to be a disastrous investment, as an unexpected and unprecedented rise of the river caused such an overflow of water as not only to destroy his buildings and improvements, but rendered the fertile, productive land worth- less. By this disaster Mr. Weeks was reduced to poverty, and he began life anew in Tennessee, where he raised one crop on the bottom lands and one on the hills, and also worked at the lumber business. He managed in that manner to improve his financial condition. Returning to Illinois, he boughta small farm, with improvements, in Massac County. He lived there three years, and then came to Johnson County to devote himself to the ininisti'}', as pastor of the Baptist Church at Bel- knap, over which he presided the ensuing three years. He is now engaged in farming to a lim- ited extent. He is a man of sincere Christian piet}-. who is well and favorably known. He and his estimable wife were blessed in their union by the birth of nine children: Mahala, wife of James Hamer; Albert, James, Malcolm and New- ton, all deceased; AVilliam Franklin; Elizabeth, wife of John Vernon, of Tennessee; Minnie, wife of William Stears, of Bloomfield, Mo.; and James R., who died in Missouri. Our subject is the sixth child of the family. His boyhood was passed much like that of other farm- ers' boys. He received a good home training and obtained a fair education in the common schools. He made his lidme wilh his p.arents until he was 136 I'ouTU'Air AM) i!i()(ii;Ai'iii( Ai. i;i;\ IKW. t-wenty-live yeiirs old, iiiul :it thai jiyc iiuuiicd Ktlie L. Uedden, of Pope Coiinly, and actively set about making a home of his own. For a month after his marriage he worked out, and then took advantage of a good opportunity to go into the dry-goods and grocery business at Dclknap, com- mencing on a very small scale. He did well, but at the end of two years disposed entirely of his grocer}- stock, continuing the sale of dry goods for a year and a-half, and then entered upon his present business. lie has a neat and well- conducted establishment, has a fine assortment of ever^'thing in his line, and his constantly increas- ing patronage testifies to the satisfaction that his customers are sure to receive at his hands. His push and business tact are shown in the fact that he has built up this business without any help, and he is clearly entitled to succeed. He and his wife have a cozy, happy home, which was blessed with three children: Everet Guy (de- ceased), William V., and a child that died in in- fancy. Politically, Mr. Weeks is an ardent Dem- ocrat. He and his wife are identified with the religious clement of the community as church members — he of the Baptist Church and she of the Methodist. « I^IMJAM A. P.UHXS is a general merchant \rj// at lielknai), and a man of hoiioral)le V7\j standing in business circles throughout Johnson County. He is a .son of Tarance Burns, who is one of the settlers of the far-famed Okla- homa Territory. The latter was born in Alabama, and was a son of James Burns, who was both a shoemaker and a trader. In order to extend his operations in the latter line the grandfather re- moved to Cincinnati when his son Tarance was quite young. In 1844 the family came to Illinois, voyaging down the Ohio in a keel boat that held all their earthly possessions — the said boat be- longing to young Tarance, who was quite an ex- pert boatman. When thej' arrived at their jour- ney's end ill I'ope County, tiiey found it to be a wild countr}' with but few settlers, and after a short time they removed to Washington County, and settled on some unimproved Government land, wliich the grandfather took up, hastily' con- structing a rude log cabin for shelter, and then actively entered upon the pioneer task of making a home. He accumulated a fair property, and was a worthy type of the pioneers among wIidiu he spent his last days. In his boyhood, the father of our subject at- tended school as opportunity offered, and his fa- ther also taught him to make shoes, but he never pursued the trade in after life. He early evinced a liking for the water and for all the things per- taining to boating, which his life by the Ohio River fostered, and he became familiar with all kinds of boats, understanding the management of each craft, and this knowledge was quite useful when the family migrated bj' water to this State. He was married after coming to this State, in Perry County, near Du Quoin, to Trissa Bowlin, a native of Tennessee, and upon their arrival here they settled on a place adjoining his father's. In 1856 Mr. Burns went to Union County to take an interest in a sawmill business, the mill having been the property of his father. He subsequently sold it and, going to Kansas, ran a livery stable in Cherokee County until 1872. In that year he bought a farm in what is now a well-improved part of the count}', but afterward went to Kiowa County, in the same State, and farmed there three }-ears. He did not find it very profitable, as he had to contend with drouth and hot winds, so he sold out, and, coming back to Illinois, bought a farm in Belknap. Kansas, however, seemed to have a strong fas- cination for Mr. Burns, and within a j'car's time he was there again, having first disposed of his propertj^ here. He once more conducted a livery stable in the eastern part of Cherokee Countv. He finally abandoned that, and after visiting Oklahoma, took up his abode in western Kansas, having a good farm in Kiowa County, amply sup- plied with all conveniences for' carrying on agri- culture advantageously. The failure of crops on account of dr}' weather caused him to seek PORTRAIT AND r.Kxn.'AlMIICAL UKN IKW. 137 "greener fields and pastures new," and he found himself in Oklahoma at the time of the great rush when the territory was opened up for settlement. Although there was not land enougii to go around among all the people gathered there, Mr. lUirns was fortunate enough to secure a quarter of a section, and is still living upon it. Mr. Burn's first wife, the mother of our subject, died in 1872, and he was afterward married to Isa- licl Warrick, a native of Illinois. lie has had eleven diildren, narael}': Anderson, who died in infancy; William A.; Susan J., wife of John Smith, of Oklahoma; James II., a barber in Kiowa County, Kan.; Polly Amanda, who died in Illinois; John Franklin, who lives in Oklahoma; Henrj^ C, a resident of Crawford County, Kan.; Marcus L., who died at the age of two years; Mary J., who died at the age of four years; Rowan M., who lives in Oklahoma; and Alice, who died in in- fanc3-. William A. IJurns was the second child of the family', and was born in AVashinglon County March 13, 1847. He had a common-school educa- tion, and was early drilled in farm work, helping his father on the farm until he was about ten years old, and then assisting him in the sawmill. He remained an inmate of the paternal home un- til his marriage at the age of twenty-three to Miss Sarah L. Barrier, a native of North Carolina, whence her parents came to Illinois in 1868. Her father is dead, but her mother is still living in Johnson County. After marriage Mr. Burns went to farming in the southwestern part of the county, where he owned fort3- acres of land, and after making some improvements took up his residence on it, and remained a year, gathering in a good crop in the meantime. Selling that place, he went to Union Count3' to work in a sawmill, the same in which he had learned the business with his fa- ther, but owned by another per.son. He worked by the day, prudently saving his wages, until 1875, when he came to Belknap, and at first en- gaged as a carpenter, building a house with an- other man. In 1876 he bought a small stock of general merchandise and ventured into business in a small way, continuing until 1880, when he disposed of his stock in trade. In 1881 he l)Ought a half interest in a general mercantile establish- ment at Belknap in connection with W. L. Will- iams, to whom he eventually sold his share in 1888. A year iater he again entered the business world at Belknap as a general mercliant, and is doing well from a financial point of view, carry- ing a fair line of goods and receiving his full share of patronage. Mr. Burns married for his second wife ]\Iiss Nora Oduni, a native of Williamson County. Her father was originally from Tennessee, and died in Hamilton County, and her motlier died in Saline Count}-. Of the children of our subject's first marriage, Charles O. and Laura Ida are at home with him, and Thomas F. died young at Belknap. By his second marriage there were three children born: Tarance; and Ettie and Rettie, twins, the latter dying when ten months old. Our subject is one of the leading men in tlie public life of Belknai), as well as in local politics, and is also prominent in townsliip affairs. He was constantly on the School Board of the town- ship for several years, and has been a member of the Village Board of Trustees nearl}' ever since he settled here. In 1876 he was appointed Postmas- ter, and held that office until 1881. Politicall}' he is a Democrat of approved loyalty to part}' stan- dards, and is the present Committee man for his township. He is a man of sound business principles, and his patrons always find him affable, agreeable and accommodating, while his friends know him to be open-handed ami warni-lio.arted. i>~^^ died at tiic age of twelve years; and Willie, llic llfth oliild, who died at the age of niiu; inoulhs. Mr. Bridges cast his first I'rcsidential vote for Ahraliam l>incoln in 18GI, and lias alwaj-s stood slaiiehly by tiie Republican party. He is promi- nent in social circles, and is a member of the fol- lowing organizations: Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R.; Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. & A. M.; Vienna Chapter No. 67, K. A. M.; Vienna Lodge No. 310, I. O. O. F.; Vienna Encampment, 1. (). O. F.; and Egyptian Lodge, K. II. ii ^" ? '^ li tJfelLLIAM A. FITCII, who in company with njfl his brother-in-law, (!eorge A. Arnesman, ^7\^ is conducting a well-appointed mercantile establishment at Ganntown, is a live young mer- chant, with fine business qualifications and a fair promise of becoming one of the raonied men of his native county. He was born in Johnson County October 11, 1866, and is a son of Robert W. Fitch, a respected farmer of G ran tsburg Town- ship. The father of our subject is a native of Tennes- see, and a sou of Anderson Fitch, a farmer, who was a native of North Carolina, whence he moved to Tennessee, and died in Henry County, that State. Robert Fitch was brought up on a farm in Tennessee, and at t)ie breaking out of the war, when he was seventeen years old, he came to Illi- nois with two of his brothers who had previously married, coming hither by water. He had to earn his living the first few years bj' working out on a farm, and by that means he accumulated about 1300, which enabled him to marry, in 1865, Eliza- beth Rentfro, a native of thiscountj'. Her people were from Tennessee, and were among the early pioneer farmers of the county. Her grandfather was a lawyer, who held the position of County Judge for eight years, and subse(iucntl3' entered the ministry of tlie Protestant Methodist Church. Our sulijoit's father nnd niollicr when married be- gan tiieir wedded life on a rented farm in this county', which they occui)iedfor a number of years. They then bought a farm in (Jrantsburg Township, improved it, and selling it at a good price over the original cost, bought another, upon which they lived for three years. Tlie^' disposed of that one, and after four years purchased another farm in Grantsburg Township, which the^' still make their home. It comprises fifty .acres of well-tilled, fer- tile land, and is provided with the necessar}- im- jn-ovements. Jlr. and Mrs. Fitch have been blessed in their married life with eleven children, namely : William Anderson; Charlie, at home with his par- ents; Artabron, who is married and engaged in farming; John Jlilton, who is teaching school in Massac County; Minnie Belle, wife of William Bain; and the following, who are at home: Josei)h Franklin, Rachel, Bertie, Fannie, Ora and Lillie. William Anderson Fitch is the eldest of the family. He was reared on a farm, and was given excellent educational advantages. His studies in the public schools were supplemented by a course in a select school in Massac County, which he attended for two terms. He entered the teacher's profession, and taught school in Missouri for nearl}' five years. Returning home, he married, and then began his prosperous career as a merchant at Ganntown. He was first in partnership with Gann Brothers, whom he subsequently bought out, and is now in partnership with his brother-in-law. George Arnesman. They have a neatly fitted-up store, well stocked with a good line of general merchandise, and have the principal trade of the town and out-lying country. They are eminently worthy of the patronage they receive, as they are strictly honest in their dealings, never misrepre- senting an article, and they are always prompt, obliging and courteous with their customers, be- sides having the good judgment and enterprise to select their stock with reference to the tastes and demands of the people to whom thej' cater. In politics, our subject is an ardent Republican, and in his citizenship he is truly public-spirited. The amiable wife of Mr. Fitch was formerly Alice Arnesman, and is from IMassac County, of which her father is a prominent and well-known citizen. He came from (Jermain'. as did also his PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 141 wife. lie worked a while in Cincinnati after land- ing in tliis country, and then came here a poor man. lie engaged in farming, and is now among tlie wealtliiest men of Massac County, and farms on an extensive scale and has a large amount of real estate and bank stock. RS. LISA HOUSE, widow of Tennessee House, who is successfully managing her farm on section 13, Vienna Township, is surely entitled to an honorable place among the farmers of Johnson County', as she is doing her full sliare in advancing the agricultural interests of this region. She is a native of Illinois, and was born in Pope Count}' February 13, 1849. Her father was James Gillespie, who was born and brougiit up on a Kentucky farm, whereon both his parents lived and died. After he attained to manhood, he set out from his old home with a team, to seek fortune's favors in the wilds of south- ern Illinois. He selected Pope County as the scene of the pioneer labors whereby he hoped to win an independence. He was so fortunate as to secure a meet companion and faithful wife to share his toils in the person of Euphemia Bar- bara Lewis, and they began life together on land that he bought. They worked hard in the im- provement of a farm, and in spite of hardships encountered and privations endured as pioneers, made a home in which they lived in comfort until they closed their eyos in death, the mother dying in September, 1864. The old place has now passed out of the family and is occupied by strangers. The following were the children born to the worthy parents of our subject: Julia, who died in Pope County; Mary Ann, who married Jacob House, and with her husband died in Pope County; Jane Ann, Mrs. Jesse Hodges, of Vienna Township; Henrj-, who died in Pope County; Letha, who died in Johnson County; AVilliam Theodore, a resident of Johnson County; Lisa; Lewis Filmore and Louisa, both of whom died in Pope Count}-; and a child that died in infancy. The subject of tliis biographical review is the seventh of the family in order of birth. She grew to a useful womanhood, well versed in all that pertains to the care of a household, and was well fitted to take charge of a home when she gave her heart and hand in marriage to Andrew W. Alford. Mr. Alford was a native of Mississippi, and was en- gaged at his occupation as a farmer when the war broke out. February 9, 1862, he laid aside his work to enter the service, and was appointed ship's cook on board the United States gunboat "Tyler." He was afterward transferred to the United States ship -'Mound City," and from there was sent to do dutj' on board of the ship "Great AVestern." He was honorably discharged February 13, 1865, with his health greatly impaired, and subsequently died in Kentucky. By that union our subject had five children, all but two of whom died in infancy. The survivors are, Louisa, wife of W. M. Smith, of Vienna Township; and Harmon, who lives with his mother. Our subject was married to Tennessee House March 24, 1881. A native of Tennessee, the latter grew up to the life of a farmer, obtaining a limited education in the common schools, but his natural shrewdness and industrious habits compensated him for the lack of book-learning. He remained at home and hard at work until he enlisted in the army in February, 1864, becoming a mem- ber of the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry. He re- mained in the service until after the war closed, and was at length honorably discharged, August 7, 1865, with a well-earned record for fidelity and good soldiership. The terrible strain of a soldier's life had told upon his health, and he never regained his former vigor, his death ultimately resulting from the effects of his army career. After Mr. House's marriage with our subject, he commenced farming in Johnson County, renting a farm three miles from Belknap. He carried on that place a year, although laboring with difflculty on account of ill-health, and the next year rented a farm a mile from that one, upon which he remained a year. After that, he spent the ensuing year on still another farm, and then removed to a place in the same neighborhood, and there his life was brought to a close Januai-}' 4, 1884. A good and 142 PDRTRAIT AND BIOOUAPIIICAL REVIEW. honest-minded citizen was thus lost to his commu- nity, one who had suffered for his patriotism, and in all things had shown himself worthy of the re- spect accorded him. By her husband's death, our subject was left without means, his sickness taking all their ready money, but her dower of strengtii, energy, thrift and abitity to do well whatsoever she attempted, stood her in good stead, and she bravely faced the situation. So well did she manage, that in a few short years she was enabled to buy the farm on which siie is living in Vienna Township, and which she carries on with marked skill, with the advice and active assistance of her son. It comprises one hundred and nine acres of land, and is exceedingly productive, yielding a good income to the care- ful cultivation to which it is subjected, and Mrs. House is constantly making valuable improve- ments. She is now in comfortable circumstances, and enjoys, as she deserves, the high regard of the people among whom she has cast her lot, who find her neighborly, hospitable and obliging. By her second marriage, our subject had two children, Essie Lee, who still brightens her home, and Oscar C, who died. S)HEODORE STEYER, who has one of the most attractive homes in Golconda, has for many years been variously identified with the business interests of Pope County, and his push and well-directed enterprise have been potent factoi-s in its upbuilding. Mr. Steyer is a native of Prussia, and was born in the town of IMarien- berg, Saxony, May 15, 1828. His father, Lebreclit Steyer, who was an officer in the Saxon army, and died in the service at the age of forty years, was a native of the same locality. The great-grand- father of our subject was a manufacturer of china- ware, much of which found its way to America. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Christina Reisniillcr, and she was a life-long resident of Saxonv. She reared thrcf of the five children born to her, Clemens, Theodore and Cliarles. The latter is still a resident of his na- tive place. Clemens, the eldest son, who was a life-long resident of the land of his birth, early entered tiie civil service of his Government, and rose to the position of Postmaster-General, which office he held at tlie time of his death in 1889. Our subject was given fine educational advan- tages, being a student first at tlie Royal Military Academy at Dresden, and after finishing his course at that institution, served a two years' apprentice- ship at an agricultural college, where he acquired a practical knowledge of husbandry, which was beneficial to him in after years when he engaged in farming. Thus well equipped by a liberal edu- cation, our subject determined to emigrate to the United States of America to see what life held for him in a country so full of resources, and of which he had heard much, and in the month of May, 1850, he set out on that ever-memorable journey across the waters to a strange land, em- barking at Hamburg on the steamship "Helena Slowman," bound for New York. The steamer met with an accident, which delayed it a week, and it was twenty days before he landed in the gieat metropolis of this continent. He came di- rectly to Golconda, traveling by rail to Cleve- land, thence by lake to Toledo, from that point to Cincinnati by canal and rail, and from the lat- ter city down the Ohio River to his destination. A year after his arrival here Mr. Steyer was married, and the ensuing two years lived on his father-in-law's farm. Then, buying a farm of his own, he occupied it five years, and at the expira- tion of that time he went into the mercantile bus- iness at Golconda, abandoning that three years later to accept tiie position of County Superinten- dent of Schools, for which his education so well fitted him. He did much to raise the standard of the schools under his supervision while he held that otlice, which he resigned at the end of nine j-ears to engage in the manufacture of flour. He purchased a flourmill, made considerable needed improvement in its equipment, bought a stock of grain, and had everything in readiness to start the mill in the morning, but before that morning dawned the mill and all its contents were burned. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 143 and his earnings of years went up in the flames. By this misfortune he was left in debt, but his man}' friends in the town rallied to his relief, showing their confidence in him by offering him money without interest or note, and with this generous en- couragement he was enabled to begin anew with a good heart. He immediately rebuilt, and operated the mill successfully many years, in fact, continuing his connection with it until 1891. During that time he launched out in other enterprises, which have i)roved remunerative, and he has amassed a comfortable fortune by his energy and judicious management. He is the proprietor of the wharf boat, and he also owns a mill in Golconda for the manufacture of wooden-ware, including spokes, hubs, staves, barrel-heads, etc. Mr. Steyer's residence, an elegant brick house, which is conveniently located near the business part of the city, is one of the finest and best ap- pointed in Golconda. To the wife who presides over it and makes it a true home, our subject was married April 8, 1851. To them have been born eight children, of whom four are living: Emma, widow of T. T. Fountain; Mary, wife of Curtis Treherne; Charles and Flora. Julia and Ida eacli died at the age of twenty years; Ruth was nine- teen when she passed away; and Anna was five years old. Mrs. Steyer's name before marriage was Ellen Sim, and she was born in Aberdeen, Scot- land. Her father was Capt. Alexander Sim, who was also a native of Aberdeen. He was a son of .John Sim, who was a life-long resident of Scot- land. Two of his sons came to America. Will- iam received his early education in Aberdeen, and later studied medicine in London. He came to this country, practiced in Golconda many years, making a name and place for himself high in his profession, and died here at a ripe age. Mrs. Steyer's father was reared and educated in Scot- land. He entered the merchant service when a young man, and rose to be commander of the vessel in which he shipped, visiting the principal ports of the world. In 1840 he came to tiie United States, and settling in Pope County, pur- chased a tract of land and devoted himself to farming, passing the remainder of his life here, and dying in 187G. The maiden name of his wife was Jane Robinson, and she was born in Perth, Scot- land, a daughter of George and Annie (Miclie) Robinson. She died in the village of Golconda. Both she and her husband were Presbyterians in religion. Mr. Steyer may justly be classed among our so-called self-made men. His early advantages were good, but since he came to this country he has had the shaping of his own fortunes, a steady purpose to win, industrious habits and sound bus- iness principles leading him to success. His citi- zenship is of value to his adopted city, as he is a man of approved public spirit. In his political af- filiations he is with the Republicans. Religiously, he stands by the faith of the Lutheran Church, in which he was reared. -J.J..5.4..5.J? )|[AMES W. GORE, Police Magistrate at Vienna, is a fine representative of the native-born sons of Johnson County, and ^ belongs to one of its oldest and most widely known families. His birtii occurred at Goreville February 4, 1851. The village was named in honor of his father, John Gore, who at the time of his death, in 1865, was one of the lead- ing merchants of the county, and was prominent in the upbuilding of his namesake. He was also a native of the county, born near Vienna in 1827. Ills father, Walton Gore, is thought to have been born in Kentucky, and he was a son of one John Gore, who was one of the earliest settlers of this part of Illinois, locating near Vienna, where he engaged in farming and spent his last years. The grandfather of our subject was quite young when his parents came to this State. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, and when he attained man- hood he bought a tract of land in what is now (ioreville Township, where he resided until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Fin- ney. The father of our subject was brought up on a farm, but he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits when it came time for him to settle in 144 roKTIJAri' AM) lSI(»(;i!Arill('AL REVIEW. life. He opened a store on the present site of Goreville, and was tlie pioneer merchant of the flourishing village that grew up around him, and was given his name as a mark of the universal es- teem in which he was held, the townshii) also being named for him at a later period. He was a practical, wide-awake man of business, managing his affairs with discretion and foresight, and had a well-kept establishment, in which he carried a full line of general merchandise. He also dealt exten- sively in tobacco, which was a staple i)roduct here at the time of the war. His untimely death in the midst of a useful and honorable career was a blow to the best interests of the village. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Mar_y J. ISrufT. She was born near Lick Creek, Union County, and litr father was James Bruff. She was married a second time after the death of the father of our subject, becoming the wife of J. Q. A. Collins, and resides at Goreville. She reared six children b}' her first marriage, and has one child by her second union. The subject of this biographical review was edu- cated in the public schools of this county. After his father's death he commenced to work on the farm, and was thus employed until he was twenty- two years old. He then accepted the position of Clerk in the office of the County Sheriff, and was engaged in that capacity until the fall of 1876, when he was elected Circuit Clerk. He held that office four years, and after that gave his attention to milling a year and to mercantile pursuits as clerk in a store another year, and he then entered public life again as Justice of the Peace for Vienna. He occupied that position until the fall of 1884, at which time he was elected County Clerk. lie received the honor of re-election to that office in 1880, and held it until 1890. In April, 18'.)1, he was elected Police Magistrate for a term of two years. His official career has been such as to inspire trust and resijcct in the hearts of liis fellow-citizens. He brings a clear mind and resolute will lo the discharge of his duties; his de- cisions show a competent knowledge of the com- mon law, and are given without fear or favor. Our subject is known in social circles as a member of Vesta Lodge No. 340, 1. O. O. F., and Vienna Encampment No. 53. Judge Gore was married in 1876 to Miss Ellen F., a daughter of John M. Kidenhower. Four children complete their pleas- ant hoine circle: Olie, Stella, James W. and Don- tie. -^1= ■^f OIIN H. KIVITT is a farmer of sterling merit, who is doing his part in sustaining and advancing the great agricultural inter- ests of Johnson County, and has his farm, which is pleasantly located on section 31, Grants- burg Township, under excellent cultivation. He was born in Maur3' County, Tenn., .January 27, 1834, his father, James Kivitt, a farmer, living and dying in that State when our subject was a child. His mother afterward married John II. Keed, and they subsecpientl}- migrated to this Stale in an ox-wagon, in which were all their household goods and possessions. The^' had but little money when they came to cast in their lot with the pio- neers of Johnson County, and first settled on a rented place. In the fall of 1850 they moved to the farm now owned and occupied by our subject, Mr. Reed buying it for $300. It then comprised but seventy-four acres, but forty-six acres were af- terward added, and b}- diligent labor it was well cleared, and suitable buildings were erected, and here the mother and step-father of our subject passed their last days in comfort. Oursul)ject was the only child of his mother's first marriage. B3' her second union she had six children: Lafayette R., a blacksmith at New Grantsburg; Hixj', who died in Massac County; Sion, a resident of Me- tropolis; Elvira, wife of Charles Homes, of Joppa, Massac County; II. C, a resident of Texas; and Josephine, wife of Jerome Sexton, of Massac County. Our sulijcct was reared on a farm in western Tennessee, where he spent the first fourteen years of his life. He attended school occasionally^ but could not go often, as he had to work at farming as soon as large enougii to handle farm implements, and it was his strong and willing iiands that did miKli of the clearing of the timber from the land PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 145 aud the tilling of the soil after the family had settled iu their new home in this county, when he was fourteen years of age. He continued to assist his step-father in the management of the farm un- til he was twenty-three. He was then married to Miss Tempa Dunn, daughter of Henr}' Dunn, from Tennessee, and took his bride to live on the old place, which he bought. He had some of his buildings destroyed by fire, but he is constantly making improvements and replacing the old ones, and has a comfortable, orderly farm, which yields abundant harvests in repayment of his well-di- rected toil. Mr. aud Mrs. Kivitt enjoy life together iu the serene contentment that follows well-doing in every round of duty, and among their blessings are the children born unto them, seven in number, of whom all have been spared to be their stay and comfort except John J., who died iu infancy. The others are: Louisa T., wife of M. C. Martin, of Massac County; Ida, at home; Jennie, wife of A. A. Smith, of Massac County; and these three at home, Charles Henry, Nancy F. and Alfa. Mr. Kivitt is a man of intelligence, who fully appreci- ates the value of a good education, and is doing all he possibly' can to give his children good advantages. He is highly thouglit of l)y all in his community as a man who is true in all the rela- tions that he sustains toward others, is a kind hus- band, a devoted father, a good neighbor, and a loval citizen. >RED BURNETT, one of the leading grocers ^i and dry-goods merchants at Vienna, is one of the most shrewd and enterprising busi- ness men of Johnson County. He is a native of Ohio, born on a farm near the town of Ravenna November 25, 1854. His father, Charles M. Bur- nett, w.as also a native of Ohio, having been born in Vernon, Trumbull Count}', January 27, 1827. The paternal grandfather of our subject was tlie Rev. John Burnett, a Methodist preacher, and also a pioneer farmer of Ohio. He was born in New Jei-sey December 2, 1800, and his parents were William and Mary (Walker) Burnett. When a 3'oung man he went to Ohio, journeying with teams, and for a part of the wa}' had to cut a road through dense, primeval forests. He resided in Trumbull County some years, but his last days were spent in Portage County, where his death occurred October 6, 1878. The maiden name of his wife, to whom he was married December 5, 1823, was Harriet Merry. She was born in 1801, and died in 1864. The father of our subject was reared and married in his native State, Margaret, daughter of John Henry, becoming his wife. He had been reared to agricultural pursuits, and for some years followed dairy farming successfully, but engaging in the oil business when it was first started, he was un- fortunate in his investments and lost the most of his property. In 1862 he came to Illinois to be- gin life anew, and for two years was activelj' em- ployed in farming on rented land in this county. Removing at the expiration of that time to Vienna, he became a mail contractor, and soon entered the livery business, in which he continued a few years. During this time he bought land, and in addition to his other business, farmed. He resided in Vi- enna until bis death, April 2, 1881. His first wife, who was a native of Ashtabula Count}', Ohio, died in March, 1869, leaving four children: Frank, Fred, Helen and John. He was again married, and had a daughter, Ethel, by the second marriage. Our subject was a boy of eight years when the family removed to Illinois. He assisted his father until he was twenty-one, and then commenced clerking in a drug store and in the Postofflce for F. M. Simpson, with whom he remained three and a-half years. Maj' 30, 1830, he went into business on his own account as a grocer, and has continued in that line ever since. He carries a large stock of the best groceries to be found in the market, and has a fine trade both in the village and in the sur- rounding country. His energies arc by no means confined to this branch of business, as in 1884 lie opened a store for the sale of dry and fancy goods, .and has conducted it ever since, it being well pat- ronized by the people, who a|)preeiate the advan- tages of such an establishment. in; PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Mr. Hiirnell was man-ied in 1879 to Miss Eliza- bclli Fields, who was born in Alabama, and was an infant when her parents removed from that State to Mct'racken County, K3'., where she was reared. Mr. and Mrs Burnett have one child, Cora Marga- ret. The family is highly esteemed, and they have many warm friends in the community. The wife and daughter are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. i\Ir. Burnett was a charter member of Vienna Lodge No. 218, K. of P., with which he is still identified. In politics, he is a sound Republican. -"^^Jl-i^ -/Jf' BNER FIELD is a progressive and enter- ( @yLl| i prising farmer, whose well-improved and flnelj' cultivated farm is located on section 19, township 13, range 6, Pope County His homestead comprises two hundred and seven acres, upon which is a substantial farm residence, barns and other buildings. Our subject was born in this count}' November 12, 18-14. His pater- nal grandfather, Lewis Field, was one of the hon- ored early pioneers of Illinois, to which State he emigrated from Kentucky about the j^ear 1810. Abner Field is the son of Lewis and Sarah (Fisher) Field, who were both natives of Kentucky. The former emigrated to this region with his father, making the entire trip in wagons, and land- ing at Golconda, where he took up land from the Government, p.i3'ing 11.25 per acre. The tract of one hundred and sixty acres which he owned was about the first sold in this locality. From lime to time he added adjoining lands to his original pur- chase until he found himself " possessed of some six hundred and forty acres, all of which were lo- cated in this county, lie is numbered among those who have paved the way to the present pros- perity of this region, having overcome and con- quered the obstacles and ditliculties of pioneer life with courage and fortitude well worthy the emu- lation and admiration of their descendants. He spent his remaining du^s on his farm, which was located on section 19, the identical homestead on which our subject now resides, and was called to his final reward .luly 20, I8."):», at the age of sixty- two 3'ears. The subject of this sketch remained on the old home place, which he carried on until his mother's death, .January' 21, 1883, at which time she was nearly seventy-two years of age. Since his birth, Mr. Field has p.assed nearl}' all his years on the old farm and indeed all of his life with the exception of some two j'ears when he was in the army. He enlisted September 29, 1863, becoming a member of Companj' G, Sixth Illinois Cavalry. He was in active service at the battle of Nashville, in 1846, and at the engagements of Eastport, West Point and Meridian, Miss. He was a faithful and valiant soldier, always to be relied upon bj- his superior officers, who reposed the greatest confidence and trust in him on all occasions. He was honorably discharged at Selma, Ala., receiving his papers at Camp Butler, November 25, 1865, and on his re- turn from the armj' with poor health, spent the fol- lowing 3'ear in attending school at Columbus, as he fell the need of an education. During his youth he was entirely without schooling, as he was needed at home on account of his father's death when he was still a lad, and the consequent respon- sibility of carrying on the farm being placed on his young shoulders. Our subject is truly a self-made man, having conquered almost insurmountable obstacles, such as want of education and poor health after his re- turn from hardships incident to army life, and various other impediments in the road to success. His mother carded, wove and spun his clothes as well as her own, and he sometimes laughingly re- marks that he did not have asuit of "store" clothes until he was nineteen years of age. November 29, 1877, Mr. Field was married to Miss Minnie Trovillion, who was born in Columbus, Pope County, April 29, 1861. Her father was a native of Tennessee, but her mother was, like herself, born in this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Field a family of seven children were born, live of whom are now living: Lucy E., Allio M., Lewis, Bertha and ,\b- ner. In 1883 Mr. Field inherited one liundred and i RESIDENCE OF J . Ivl . B E r , SOI ! , 5 EG . 5. BlOOM Fl ELD TP. JO Hf^SO r I CO ILL. F?l5.DEHC[ ...- D . F. BEAUMAN , SEC j^:;, TUtUlEL ri 1 1 L TP. JOH i J5uN Lu. i ll RESIDENCE OF J . M . SM ITH , SEC. 2C. ELVIRA TP. JOH NSO N CO i LL i PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 149 sixty acres of his fatlier's propertj', and in 1889 piir- cliasefl forty-seven acres more, thus making his farm one of two hundred and seven acres. It is fertile, and yields an abundant income to the happy pos- sessor. As a man lie is popular and genial, owning many friends in this locality, whom he has at- tracted to him by his worth}' and sterling character- istics. He has always been a member of the Demo- cratic party, and holds membership with Temple Hill Lodge No. 701, A. F. & A. M., and with the Baptist Cliurch at Columbus. 11^ ENRY J. N. JOHNSON, a respected farmer jfjl of Vienna Township, owning and occupy- /4\^^ ing a farm on section 10, is a battle-scarred (^J) veteran of the late war. He is a native of tliis State, his birth occurring on the old homestead in Massac County belonging to his father, Thomas Jolmson, a pioneer of that part of the country, and a son of one of its earliest settlers. He had come to Illinois from Tennessee when a small boy of six years, and although an illiterate man, he be- came one of the successful farmers of the county, owning a fine farm of over two hundred acres, as the result of his toil. H^ was sevent^'-seven years old when he died. His wife, the mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Jane Shire, died in 1850 at the age of fifty-one, and her mortal re- mains were deposited in the soil of the old home- stead. Our subject was the seventh in order of birth of a family of ten children, of whom four are living. He was brought up on the old farm where he was born, and has always devoted himself to fanning, witli the exception of the time he spent in the service of the Government, when rebellion threat- ened the Union. He iiad just started in life on his own account, at the age of nineteen, when lie threw aside his work to go into the army, and from Februaiy 1, 1864, to May 25, 1865, he was in the service, having enlisted in Company K, Four- teenth Illinois Cavalry. His devotion to the cause cost him dearly, for while fighting bravely at the front in an engagement with the enemy he lost his right eye; liis wound also made him quite deaf, and the close of the war found liun suffering in a hospital. Notwithstanding this terrible affliction Mr. Johnson quietly resumed his old occupation as soon as able after returning to his fatlier's home, where he remained for a time after his war serv- ices were over. Some years subsequent to his marriage, he rented a farm for three years, and managed it profitabl3\ From that time he moved about from placSi to place until he bought his pres- ent farm, which then comprised but fortj' acres, but to which he has added a like amount adjoin- ing. It was in its natural condition, and he has worked patientlj- and with good results to develop it into a well-cultivated farm, and is continually making improvements, which have increased its value much since it came into his jjossession. Mr. Johnson was married October 22, 1874, to Miss Rosa Ann Parker, a native of Massac County, although at the time of their marriage living in Johnson Count}'. They have a home in which peace, plenty and comfort abound, and eight chil- dren complete their household, namely: Cj'nthia Jane, Dora V., John T., Francis M., James H., Maude M., Delia V. and Rosa L. (^ ft ILLIAM J. BAKER, deceased. We gladly \/\J// ^^'^^^'^ ^ place in the biographical liistor}' \i/\t/ of the worthy pioneers and enterprising farmers of Pope County to the veterans of the late war, among whom few were in more active service or more faithfully performed their duties than did the subject of this sketch. When only twent}'- one j'ears of age he enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantr}', at Golconda, joining Company F August 13, 1861, and serving for three years. He participated in the important and noted battles of Ft. Donelson and Sliiloh, was taken prisoner at II0II3' Springs, Miss., and after languishing in captivit}' for five months was exchanged in 1865 and was honorably discharged at Natchez, Miss., August 20, of that yean 150 PORTRAIT AND BI OG R A r 1 1 i( A 1 . REVI EW. The birtli of our subject, occurred in the State of Tennessee, the dnte of the event being July 5, 183(). He was a son of Henry and Martlia (Stog- ner) Baker, the father a native of .Soutli Carolina, and the mother of Tennessee. Henry Baker emi- grated to Illinois in 1851, became the owner of land in Pope County, and liere devoted himself to general farming and stock-raising until his death. The mother spent her remaining days at the home of her son. who witii filial love and care did all in his power to smooth her pathway and to make her last years the happiest of her life.' Mr. Baker at- tended school but very little before leaving his native State, and after coming to Illinois was a pupil in the district schools. Considering his limited chances for education he became, entirely through his own efforts, a well-informed and in- telligent man. On returning from the army he purchased land in Pope County, and resided upon that farm for eighteen years, during which time he held various positions of responsibility and honor, serving as County Treasurer, also as As- sessor for two terms, and was Postmaster for about eight years at Allen Springs. In 1884, selling his former propert}-, Mr. Baker purchased a house and lot in Columbus, making his home in that i)lace until the spring of 1885, when he decided to purchase the farm where his wife still makes her home, which is located on sec- tion 25, township 13, range 5, and where he en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising until he was called to his final rest, December 10, 1887. He was Notary Public at Columbus, also served as School Director for a number of j'ears and was a member of Golconda Lodge No. 131, A. F. & A. M., and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Honorable and upright in all his dealings with his fellow-men, public-spirited and always glad to do his share in forwarding the best interests of his fellow-citizens, he merited the high regard in which he was held b}' ever}' one. Politically, he cast his ballot in favor of the Republican party. On August 2G, 1866, Mr. Baker and Miss Mary E. Trovillion were united in marriage. Mrs. Baker was born in Po])e County, May 13, 1843, her parents being early settlers and honored pio- neers of this locality. Her father was born in Tennessee, but her mother was a native of Illinois. Our subject and his wife were blessed with a fam- ily of eiglit children, the three elder of whom are now married and have homes of their own. In order of birth they are as follows: Minnie Belle, Anna Laura, Lillie G., George B., Hosea, Lora May, Freddie and .Joseph C. The different mem- bers of tlie family move in the best social circles, and are workers and members of the Baptist Church. Since her husband's death Mrs. Baker, with the help of her sons, has carried on tlie farm place and has shown herself to be a woman of good business and executive ability. -^ ^ AMES MONROE BENSON was born three miles from the State House, in Sangamon County, 111., February 6, 1822. His father, Charles R. Benson, was born September 28, 1J93, in Greenbrier County, Ya. (now in West Virginia), and his father, Babel Benson, was, it is believed, a native of Virginia. He removed to Kentucky in 1831, and resided in Todd County, that State, until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Nellie Seward. Thej^ reared a family of seven children, three daughters and four sons. Charles R. Benson was reared in Virginia, and went to Tennessee when a j'oung man. He mar- ried near Knoxville, and came from there to Illi- nois in 1821, locating in Sangamon County, and thus becoming one of the pioneer settlers of that county. He made a claim on a piece of Govern- ment land, built a house upon it and resided there until 1824, when he removed to Logan County, Kj'., and remained there until 1831. Then, accompanied bj' his wife and six children. Mr. Benson returned to Illinois, making the entire journey overland in a four-horse wagon, bringing his household goods, and camping and cooking on the way. He located in Gallatin Countj', and there bought a tract of State land at fifty cents per acre. This propertj' was timber land, and upon it he erected a log cabin, sawing the lumber for the d' ors and window casings, making the PORTRAIT AM) BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 151 floor of puncheons, and the chimney of sticks and clay. Mrs. Benson cooked by the fireplace, and with her own hands carded and spun and wove the clolh for the clothing of her family. There was no railroad in this part of the countr}' for years after he settled in Gallatin County, and the people lived mainly upon what their farms produced and upon wild game, such as deer and wild turkeys, which were then very plentiful. Mr. Benson cleared his land as rapidh' as possible and made of it a good farm. There he passed the rest of his life, though he died in Stoddard County, Mo., while on a hunt- ing expedition in 1848. The maiden name of his wife was Polly B. Riggin; she was born near Knox- ville, Tenn., .June 23, 1796, a daughter of James and Mary Riggin, and died December 26, 1838. She reared a family of nine children: James M., A. Hamilton, Ignatius M., Nancy H., Mary N., John F., Charles B., V^alentine S. and Francis A. James M., the eldest of the family, was two years old when the famih" moved to Kentucky, and nine years old when they returned to Illinois. He was reared in Gallatin County, and attended the pioneer schools kept in log houses without anj- floors. Tbere was then but little public money for schools, so it was necessary for the families that desired their children to attend school to subscribe an amount of mone.y proportionate to the number of pupils to be sent. The teacher boarded around among the patrons of the school. James M. re- sided with bis father until his marriage. He then rented the home farm until 18.51, after which" he moved to Johnson County and entered a tract of Government land, which is included within the limits of his present farm. At first he erected a liewed-log house, and this his family occupied un- til 1867, when he erected a good frame house. He has cleared about one hundred and twenty acres of the land, erected a good frame barn, planted fruit trees and otherwise improved tlie farm. April 20, 1845, Mr. Benson married Celinda Slack, who was born in Union County, 111. Her father, William Slack, was born in Kentucky, of which State his father, also William Slack, was one of the ])ioncers. The father of Mrs. Benson came to Illinois when a .young man, and in Union County married Mary Finney, who was born in Virginia, and was a daughter of John and Sarah (Reynolds) Finney. He resided in Union Count^^ a short time, but when Mrs. Benton was one month old removed to Johnson County and settled in Cache Township. After living there for some time he removed to Bloomfield Township and bought a farm, where he and his wife passed the rest of their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Benson have four children liv- ing: Newton J., Margaret A., Alonzo G. and James N. Newton J., a graduate of the Louisville Medi- cal College, is now practicing medicine at Anna, Union County. Hi. ;Margaret A. married John P. Carson, and lives in Carbondale. Alonzo G. is a farmer, and lives in Tunnel Hill Township. James N. is also a farmer of Tunnel Hill Township. Mr. and Mrs. Benson and all their children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch. Po- litically, Mr. Benson has been a Republican since the breaking out of the war. In 1861 he enlisted in Company K, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry, and served until November 29, 1862, when he was dis- charged on account of disability. He is a mem- ber of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. He has al- ways been a temperate man in practice, and is an advocate of temperance. "jfJAMES M. PRICE, a native of Johnson County, is closely .associated with two of its most important industries as a successful farmer, who is the proprietor of a valuable farm on section 3, Vienna Township, and as an Extensive dealer in grain, with headquarters in the village of Vienna. Our subject was born Decem- ber 21, 1849, and is a son of William H.Price, who was for several 3'ears prior to his death a well- known business man of this section. He was brought up on a farm in Tennessee, that being his native State, and in early manhood he came to Illinois, previous to 1840, and first settled among the pioneers of Fr.anklin Count}'. He engaged in selling clocks in this State and Missouri for some four years, .and having accumulated some money, \:>-> roUTKAn AM) lUlXlUAI'lIlCAI, KKNIKW. he came to Johnson County. He built a mill to be operated by horse power and was employed in milling at the time of his death, in 1854. The peo- ple came long distances to patronize him, and as there was much demand for better facilities he erected a steam saw and grist mill, which, however, was not completed when he died. The county lost in him an energetic, enterprising citizen, who was no unimportant agent in forwarding its growth. With characteristic foresight, he had in- vested money in about two hundred acres of heav- ily timbered Government land on section 3 of what is now Vienna Township, foreseeing its ulti- mate rise in value, and while carr3'ingon the lum- ber business had used a part of the timber on his place, lie was married in about 1840 to Amanda JlcCorkle, a native of Johnson County, and after settling licrc had built a log house, which was his home the remainder of his days. His wife sur- vived him until 1874, and tiien she too passed away, and both now lie sleeping their last sleep in private grounds, called MeCorkle Cemetery. They were the parents of four children: Joseph H., who resides near Corpus Christi, Tex.; James M.; Em- ma, wife of A. R. Beard, of Hudsonville, Crawford Count}-; and Mar}' A., wife of John Kecsee, of C.arbondale. James M. Price passed his boyhood in working on his father's farm and in the mill, attending school mostly during the winter terms, and bj' close application to his studies acquiring a prac- tical education. At the age of eighteen he began life on his own account, obtaining a position as clerk in a store, in which capacitj' he was employed the ensuing two years. He next worked on a farm for a time, and then tried life in Texas for a year, working at various things while there. Re- turning to his native county, ho bought a farm of one hundred and twentj' acres, to which he has added by furtlicr purchase eighty acres, and now h.as two hundred acres of land of great fertility and productiveness. His place, which is under his supervision, is well equipped with buildings of a good class and with all necessary farming raa- chincr}', and is well kept in all particulars. In addition to his farming interests Mr. Price, as al- ready stated, is quite heavily engaged in buying and selling grain in company with J. Throgmor- ton, they liaving a commodious warehouse near the railway station in Vienna, and shipping mostl}' to Cairo, where it commands a good mar- ket, and is ground or sent elsewhere. The marriage of our subject with Miss Susan Pierce was solemnized in 1874. Mrs. Price, whose parents are dead, is a native of Johnson County. Mr. and Mrs. Price have lived in the same place since their marriage, and have made it a true home, of whose generous hospitality it is a pleasure to partake. Eight children complete their household circle: Oscar D., P^mma, AVilliam H., Amanda, James, Walter, Joseph and Charlie. Their daugh- ter Effle is dead. Mr. Price is among the prominent business men of the town who are so acti vel\' carrying forward its interests. He has succeeded chietl}' b}- his own efforts, b}' close application to his work, and by excellent business methods, and his name stands high with all with whom he has dealings. He keeps himself informed on all topics of general concern, and in politics his sympathies are with the Republican party. m^m\ AMUEL H. REES, druggist at Belknap, is a representative young business man of Johnson County. He is a native of this State, coming of its sturdy pioneer stock, and was born in Jackson County March 11, 18G1. He is a son of Dr. Alonzo P. Rees, the well-known phj'sician, who is now a resident of Grand Chain, Pulaski County. Dr. Rees was born in Missouri, where his father, James L. Rees, carried on the occupation of a farmer. Desiring a change of location, the grand- father of our subject loaded his household effects into a wagon and journeyed with his family East- ward until he arrived on the present site of Car- bondale, Jackson County, where he purch.ased a tract of unimproved land. He constructed a primitive log cabin for a dwelling and then turned his attention to clearing his land, which he devel- PORTRAIT AND BIO(;RAriIICAL REVIEW. 153 oped into a fairly good farm, only to sell it and buy another fourteen miles distant. The latter place he transformed into a valuable farm with line improvements, and made it his home until he passed from the scenes of earth. His wife is still living on the old place, wliich is 3'et in the family, she being sevent^y-two years old. The father of our subject was quite j'oung when he was brought to Illinois, and he grew to man's estate on the old homestead in Jackson Count}-. Me was a studious, thoughtful lad and learned all that could be taught him in the schools of the day, which, however, were not of a very high order. He re- mained at home with his parents, working harden the farm, until he was twenty-four years old, wlien he started out for himself. He first worked in a sawmill by the day, and at the age of twenty-five had sufficient means to justify his marriage with the lady of his choice. Miss Jane Crews, a native of Illinois. After taking that important step in life, the Doctor rented a farm in 'Williamson County and devoted himself to agricultural pur- suits. He soon bought a farm in Jackson County which was improved. He continued to till the soil for seven years, but he was ambitious to enter some profession and naturally turned his attention to the study of medicine, which he began while farming. He devoted himself; heart, and soul to the acquirement of the fundamental principles of the profession that he intended to purslie and was enabled to establish himself in practice. He sub- sequentl}' further fitted himself for his vocation by taking a thorough course at the Nashville Med- ical College, at Nashville, Tenn., whence he was graduated with honor. After his graduation, the Doctor removed to Pulaski County and was engaged in practice there for a time. From there he came to Belknap and was one of the leading physicians in this section for a number of years. He finally returned to Pulaski County and has been located at Grand Chain since. He has control of a large and lucra- tive practice and has an extensive acquaintance in surrounding counties and is regarded as a sen- sible, intelligent and well-equipped physician, whose high standing is due to personal merit and a laudable ambition to make a name and a place for himself in the world. He and his estimable wife have been happy in their marriage, which h.as been blessed to them by the birth of seven chil- dren, as follows: Samuel H.; John D., a book- keeper at Terrill, Tenn.; Mary D., wife of S. D. Peeler, a farmer at Belknap; Martha P., wife of T. E. Williamson, of Grand Chain, a traveling salesman; Georgie Ann, wife of David Copeland, a farmer of Grand Cliain; and Nellie and Fred, at home with their parents. Samuel II. Rees, of this biograijhical review, passed his boyhood on a farm and earlj' became familiar with its labors. He attended the common schools until he was fourteen years old, and his further education has been acquired outside of schools. He assisted his father in the management of his farm until he attained his majority and then began to work for himself. He first found employ- ment in a sawmill and afterward obtained a more congenial situation in a drug store, where he ap- plied himself diligently to acquiring a complete knowledge of drugs and of business methods. He stayed in that drug store at Belknap two years and then resumed work in the sawmill, in which he was engaged two years. At the end of that time he again became interested in the drug business and for four or five j-ears was in his father's drug store. When his father sold out he went to Vienna and was engaged in tlie same business, and later at St. Louis and Murfreesboro, and thus gained an ex- tensive and valuable experience as a druggist. In July, 1887, he came to Belknap and bought a small drug store, with stock and fixtures, for $300, and from that small beginning he has built up a good business and has a well-appointed drug store for the size of the town, carrying a full line of all such drugs as are in usual demand in this section and making it a [joint to sell none but the purest ob- tainable. The marriage of Mr. Rees to Miss Ella Hartman was solemnized in 1885. Mrs. Rees is a native of Johnson County, but her father and mother are now living at Chester, in Randolph Count}'. Mr. and Mrs. Rees' attactive home is brightened by the presence of three children born to them, AValter A., Guy II. and Blanche. Our subject is a man of n\uch value in the com- 151 roirrijAiT and liKKJUAi'iiicAL Ki;\ii:w. miinity, as lio is (lioittiigiil}- alive to piililic iutor- ests, and while a member of the Village Board of Trustees and of tiie local School Hoard ex- erted his inlluence for its material advancement and to secure the best possible educational advan- tages for the children of Belknap. lie and his wife are devoted members of the Methodist Epis- copal C'hureh. In politics, he stands with the Democrats. yD. DEANS, a member of the firm of Hight & Deans, editors and proprietors of The Reformer, is one of the youngest members of the editorial profession in Southern Illinois, but, as he brings to his work a fine equip- ment of hand and brain, he has a fair prospect of attaining honors in the journalistic school. John- son Countj- claims him as a native, and he springs from its pioneer stock. He was born in Cache Township, January 8, 1871, and is a son of AV. D. Deans, Sr., who was at that time a prominent citi- zen of this county, but is now a resident of Kansas. The father of our subject is also a native of Johnson Count}', and is a son of John Deans, who was a pioneer farmer of this section, and spent his last years here. Mr. Deans was well educated and in earl}^ manhood taught school. He abandoned that profession to engage in the mercantile and milling business at Belknap, and continued his residence in Cache Precinct until 1880. In that vear he went to Wabaunsee County, Kan., where he bought a farm and devoted himself to agricul- tural pursuits until 1883, when he again estab- lished himself in the mercantile business, locating in the town of Alma. He is still a resident of that pl.ace, but has retired from active business. AVhile living in Johnson County he held the office of County Surve_vor, and was also a member of the Board of County Commissioners. Since his re- moval to Kansas he was Survej'or of Wabaunsee County for a jieriod of six years. He is a man of Sduiiil judgment and a wise manager, and whether in ollicial or in piivate life always Im- shown himself well versed in business matters. In politics he is and ever has been a firm Republi- can. His wife, whose maiden name was Louisa .1. I'eeler, was a native of North Carolina, and w:i< first married to James Axlcy. The subject of this brief biographical review re- ceived Ills early education in the district schools of his native county, and after the removal of the family to Kansas, he went to a good school at Alma. At tlie age of sixteen he entered the oflice of the Alma EnUirprise to learn the art of printing, which he thoroughly mastered, and has since been engaged in that line. In the fall of 1892 he formed a partnership with Mr. Hight in the pro- prietorship and publication of The lieformer, and is meeting with encouraging success as an editor. His experience as a printer has not been without value to him in entering upon tiiis new field of labor, while the business acumen that he seems to have inherited in full degree from his father is a certain factor of success in whatever he under- takes. He is a young man of good habits, of a genial nature, and is popular among his associates. October 2, 1892, Mr. Deans took upon himself the cares and responsibilities of married life bj- wedding on that date Miss Maud A., daughter of J. B. and Josie (Gillespie) Hess, and a native of Vienna, who will take upon herself a full share of the said cares and responsibilities, as a true wife should. Mrs. Deans is a member of the Christian Church, and cheerfully co-operates with her pastor and fellow-members in making it a useful religious organization for the uplifting of the community. ^^ \\ ATIIEW BREEDLOVE. For about thirty years this gentleman was prominently identified with the welfare and prosperity of Pope County, to which he came in 1849 with his young wife. He was born in Mid- dleton, Tenn., June 2.'j, 1825, and was the son of Thomas and Sarah Breedlove, who were both n.a- tives of old A'irgiiiia, and after their marri.age re- PORTRAIT AND P.IOGRAPHICAL RE^'1EW. 155 moved to Tennessee, in which State the father de- parted this life. Our subject grew to man's estate in the place of his birth, and resided witli his grandfather until he was old enough to be of as- sistance in supporting his mother. He early learned the tailor's trade and also the miller's and worked at various occupations until reaching the age of twenty-four, at vvliich time he wedded Miss Mary Carr, the date of the ceremony being November 1, 1849. The lady was born in Watson, Tenn., April 25, 1825, her jiarents being natives of the Old Do- mmion and honored settlers of Tennessee. After removing to that State the father engaged in the occupation of farming, which he followed until his death in 1867. He was an honored citizen and reared his family of eight children in the fear of C4od and the love of their fellow-men. At once after his marriage, Mr. Breedlove started with his wife to Illinois, making the jour- nej^ by boat and landing at Golconda November 11, 1849, coming by way of the Cumberland and Ohio Rivers. They commenced in an humble wa}- upon a farm of eighty acres, which our subject took from the Government and for which he paid 11.25 per acre. It was heavily timbered, and for raanj' years it took all of his time and strength to clear the place and make it suitable for general farming. He built a log house and there the happy couple commenced housekeeping in frugal style. The years that followed, in spite of the pri- vations, were among the most pleasant of then- lives, as the}' were young, full of hope, and had bright visions of the future before them. Mr. Breedlove was industrious and saving, and event- ually added more land to his farm, owning at the time of his death one hundred and twenty-five .acres on section 31, township 13, range 6, which his widow and children are novv engaged in carry- ing on. The wife of our subject has shown that she is possessed of unusual business tact and ability, and like her husband had many dilliculties to overcome during her early life. Her educational privileges were limited to the old-fashioned schoolhouse, the furnishings of vvhich were of the most primitive description. When slie first came to Illinois the country w.as very wild, and game of various kinds. deer, wolves, wild turkeys, etc., were numerous. ■ With fortitude and courage she assisted her hus- band in all his enterprises, cheering him onward, and together they climbed the hill leading to suc- cess. A great deal is said of the heroic and hardy men who cleared the wilderness and did so much in founding the superstructure of prosperitj' on which the now prosperous and well-cultivated counties of this great commonwealth are placed, but truly the worthy wives wlio shared their joys and sorrows are entitled to more recognition than is generally accorded them. Mr. and Mrs. Breed- love were blessed with a family of seven children, four of whom are living. They are John, Martha, Ellen and AVilliam. Mr. Baker voted the Repub- lican ticket and was always active and interested in whatever affected his country's welfare. He was called to his final rest October 25, 1880, leav- ing a large circle of friends, who will ever hold his memory in the fondest and highest esteem. Mrs. Breedlove is a member of the Missionar}' Baptist Church at Columbus, which her children also at- tend. JOHN II. HODGE. It is with special pleasure that we accord a place in the biographical record of the worthy pioneers and respected ^j^j. citizens of Pope County to our subject, who has long been identified with the prosperity of this vicinit3^ He is a native of the county, hav- ing been born December 18, 18(51, on his father's farm in township 13. His parents were William S. and Harriet (Taylor) Hodge, the former a na- tive of Illinoi-s, and the latter of Indiana. Our subject's paternal grandfather, George Hodge, was born in North Carolina and removed to Illinois at an early d.ay. AVilliam S. Hodge, the fatlier of our subject, fol- lowed agricultural pursuits in township 13, own- ing a tract of two hundred and forty acres located on sections 29, 30 and 31. He was a valiant sol- dier, having served throughout tlie Mexican War and having loyally defended the Union in the War of the Rebellion. In the war with Mexico he i:u\ I'OlM'HAIT AM) l!I()(ilJ.VI'III("Al. |{i;VIK\V. was made a Corporal and was one of the number tliat captured Santa Aiiim :it llie battle of Cerro Gordo. In the civil odiillR-t lie was Captain of Conii)any K, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, enlisting in tlie early part of the war and remaining in service until the close. He was taken prisoner by the Confederates and was con- fined in Libby Prison for nine months. While in action he sustained a severe wound in the leg, from the effects of whicli lie never wholly recovered. At the close of tlic war lie returned to Illinois and was elected County Treasurer, serving in that po- sition for two terms and also filling the position of Sheriff for several terms. His last 3'ears were spent on his farm, wliere his death occurred Jan- uary 8, 1884. He possessed the honor and Iiigh esteem of his fellow-citizens and neighbors and was a thoroughly representative man. Mr. Hodge of whom we write remained on liis father's farm until eighteen years of age, attend- ing the county schools and also the best schools af- forded by the town of (iolconda. He afterward attended the Northern Illinois Normal State Uni- versity for one term, in the year 1889, and then returned to his farm, having since been engaged in teaching. Though he purchased his father's old farm on section 29 and resides there with liis family, up to the present time he has never cared to occupy himself with agricultural pursuits very extensivel^v, preferring rather the more intellectual field. He has been verj- successful as a teacher, his (irst term being at a place called Ridgway, in Gallatin County, but the rest of his time having been passed in this county. He is now the prin- cipal of a school in Columbus, Brownfield Town- ship. March 30, 188G, Mr. Ilodge was united in mar- riage with INIiss Melissa Steagall, who was born in Tennessee September 29, 1862, and whose parents are also natives of that State. The latter are prominent and respected citizens of this locality and their biographies appear on another page of this work. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Hodge has been blessed with one son, Albert Clare. The parents are both members of the Presbyterian Churcli and are active in church work. Our subject holds membership with Golconda Lodge No. 131, A. F. \:u'v U> :i l)oUei' :ui(l mure commodious ilwcUing. In politics, our subject is a Democrat, lie is faithful in the performance of his duties as a man and a citizen, is a kind neighbor, and is true in his relations as a husband and father. LfelLLIAM HEN ^^^ County, is one ?ILLIAM HENRY THOMAS, a resident of County Clerk of Johnson one of the veterans of the Civil War, in which he took part when he was but a mere _vouth, and throughout his entire career he has honored the citizenship of this his native countj' both in public and in private life. He was born October 28, 1845, in Simpson Precinct, of which his father, Washington G. Thomas, was an early settler. Washington Thomas was born in Tennessee, and was a son of Henry Thomas, who was also a native of that State, coming from its earliest pioneer fam- ilies. He was a farmer by occupation, and in time he too became a pioneer, coming to Illinois in 1832, making the jouruey with teams, and at first locat- ting in the wilderness in what is now Burnside Precinct. A few years later he removed to Simp- son Precinct, where he bought land, which in time he developed into a good farm. At the outbreak of the War, our subject's grandfather, Henry Thomas, was still living on the old homestead, but his patriotism was aroused at his country's peril, and he left his comforts and all that he lield dear to give his services to the Government. He went to Peoria and joined the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry. The infirmities of age were upon him, however, and he was soon discharged on account of disabilit\'. He returned to Johnson County and died here in 1885, full of years. The father of our subject was thirteen years old when he came to Illinois with his parents. He grew to a stalwart manhood amid pioneer sur- roundings, and in due time took unto himself a wife in tlie person of Mary Sim|)son, a nntivc of Johnson County and a daughter of William Siin|)- son, one of its pioneers. Mr. Thomas took up a tract of Government land in Simpson Township, and built thereon the log house in which his son, our subject, was born. He improved his land, and made it his dwelling-place until the time of the war, when he sold it, and bought another tract of land in tlie same township, which he still m.akos his home. He of whom we write is one of seven children. He was given excellent advantages for obtaining a sound education, of which he laid the basis in the district school, and he subsequently attended the Southern Illinois College, at Carbondale. The same spirit of loyal devotion to his country that had animated his grandfather found read}' echo in the heart of our subject, and, though he was scarcel}^ eighteen years of age, he too volunteered to assist his fellow-countrymen in suppressing the rebellion, and on the 9th of December, 1863, his name was enrolled as a member of Company G, Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry. He served steadfastly until after the close of the war, his regiment for the most part being on duty in Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia, and his career as a soldier rellected credit on his native State. He was honorably discharged in Jul}-, 1865. Returning to his old home after he left the army, Mr. Thomas soon began to utilize his education b}' teaching, and was engaged in that profession dur- ing the winter seasons for six years, occupying him- self the rest of the year in farming. After mar- riage he bought a farm in Simpson Township, which he sold tliree years later in order that he might de- vote himself to mercantile pursuits, which he fol- lowed at Sanburn four years. He then resumed his former occupation, buying a farm in Bloomfield Township, which he carried on successfully until he sold it in 1891, at the same time buying another in the same township. Mr. Thomas is well fitted both by native ability and education for public otKce, and his fellow-cit- izens have often called him to fill responsible posi- tions. He held the offices of Township Clerk and Township Treasurer and Justice of the Peace in his native township; and in Bloomfield Township he has been Justice of the Peace and School Di- PORTRAIT AND IJIOGRAITIICAL REVIEW. 161 rector. In 1890 he was elected Clerk of Johnsou County, and in this position has won a high repu- tation for efticieuc_y, and is accounted one of our best otticials. Our subject's war record is com- memorated by his connection with the Grand Array of the Republic as a member of Vienna Post No. 221. Religiously, he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which liis wife also belongs. In politics, he was a Republican for many years, but he is now identified with the People's partJ^ Mr. Thomas was married in 1870 to Miss Martha Adaliue, daughter of William R. and Sidney Amanda (Waters) Whiteside, and a native of Pope Count3^ They have a pleasant home abounding in comfort and cheer}' hospitality, and seven chil- dren have blessed their union: Charlie E., Willard G., Orpha B., Fred, Louis F., Lilian May and Birdie. /p^EORGEB. GILLESPIE, attorney-at-law at III J— n Vienna, is one of the younger members of ^^>4 the legal frateruitj' practicing in .Johnson County who has already won distinction at the Bar, and gives large promise of attaining eminence in his profession. Vienna is his native city, and June 3, 1863, the date of his birth. lie is a son of Capt. James B. Gillespie, an officer in the late war, and now a valued official of the Government. The grandfather of our subject was George Gillespie, who went from North Carolina to Ten- nessee. James Gillespie was born in the latter State, and lived there on a farm until he was ten years old. At that age his grandfather, Thomas Gillespie, brought him to Joimson Count}'', the journey being made overland with teams, and the necessary' articles were taken along to enable the little party to camp by the way. The grandfather was in moderate circumstances, and the little grandson was given the chance to obtain .as good an education as the schools of the time afforded. Later in life his keen powers of observation, and shrewd insight into men and affairs, together with extensive reading, gained him the reputation of being one of our best-informed and most en- lightened men. Upon their arrival here his grand- father had entered some Government land in what is now Vienna Township, and had bought other land, and the familj' took possession of a primi- tive log cabin, in which they lived amid pioneer scenes, literally in the wilderness, until the death of the grandfather, which occurred when Mr. Gillespie was fifteen years old. He was then thrown on his own resources, and first obtained work as a clerk in the general merchandise store of John Bain, and afterward acted in the same capacity for Chapman & Hess. The father of our subject was in the employ of the latter firm when the Rebellion broke out, and he threw aside his work and left home and all that was dear to him to take his place among his country's defenders, who were willing to endure any hardship and sacrifice, even life itself, to pre- serve the honor and integrity of the Union. He was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company I, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and was in the service nearly four years. For gal- lant conduct he was promoted to the rank of Cap- tain, and stood high as an officer, who was prompt in obejdng orders; was fearless and faithful in the performance of his duty, although it led him to face death in the heat of more than one hotlj' con- tested battle; and was one who inspired his men with respect for himself and devotion to the cause for which the}' fought. At the battle of Gun- town his regiment was nearly demolished, and he was captured b}- the enemy. He was taken to Ma- con, Ga., and dui'ing his sta}' in the rebel prison at that point he endured all manner of sufferings and privations incident to life within its walls. He had to live on insufficient rations of coarse cornmeal, with an occasional supply of beef, and oftentimes both meal and meat would be unfit to eat. He had to resort to all sorts of expedients to obtain anything that he wanted, and showed great resource and ingenuity at times. He had no writing materials, and wishing to communicate with his wife, who, in her Northern home was waiting anxiousl}' for tidings of him, he secured some rough brown wrapping paper, and with a stick traced a letter upon it, using urine for ink. 162 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RKMKW. When dry, the writing was legible, and some of the epistles so strang'clj- written were received and are still extant. After nine months' imprisonment, C'apt. Gilles- pie was exchanged and subsequently discharged, being unfit for further service, and returned home almost a physical wreck. He took a trip to Kan- sas, but was not favorably impressed with the country, and returning to Illinois, established him- self in the general mercantile business at Goreville, and later was similarly engaged at Carbondale, Jackson Count}'; then in Moscow, Union County; and subsequently in Vienna and at Tunnel Hill, where he went in 1871. From the latter place he removed to Elvira Township, and gave his atten- tion to farming there until 1881, and from tiiat time until 1886 continued his agricultural pur- suits in Burnside Township. In the year last men- tioned, he resumed the mercantile business, taking up his residence at New Burnside, where he still makes his home. He has disposed of his business, and is at the present time Government Deputy Revenue Collector for this district, his services as an army oflicer during the Civil AYar thus receiv- ing merited acknowledgment in a responsible posi- tion, for which he is well fitted. Capt. Gillespie was married in "\'ienna, to Miss Mary Enloe. Her father formerly lived in Massac County, and was an early settler and prominent man of southern Illinois. He was a Representa- tive in the first State Legislature, was at one time Warden of the State Penitentiary, when it was at Alton, was a leader in the difficulty between the Flat Heads and Regulators, in Massac Count}', was a great politician and a fine stump speaker, and a great man in iiis day. Eight children were born of the union of James B. Gillespie and Mary Enloe: George B.; Frank S., agent for a Chicago firm in the lumber business at Metropolis; James B., with Holladaj' Bros., grain mcrcliants at Cairo; William, a resident of Brooklyn, Massac County, and inspector on the railway; Fannie A., Robert and Thomas, who are at home with their parents; and Henry H., who died at the age of ten months. George B. Gillespie received a good education in the village sciiools of A'ienna, supplemented by one term at the High School at Metropolis. He worked on his father's farm when not in school, and at the age of eighteen entered upon a short career as a school teacher at Pleasant Grove. In 1884 he went into the office of County Clerk as Deput}', when F. M. Jones was Clerk of the county. He worked under him for eighteen months, gaining a complete insight into the busi- ness of the office, and when his superior officer died, he was appointed to fill his place until the next election, when James W. Gore was chosen for the position. He had discharged the onerous du- ties thus incumbent upon him in a very creditable manner, and left tlie affairs of the office in perfect order. He served under his new chief some five months. He had in the meantime given some at- tention to reading law, having never abandoned the habit of studying whenever his duties permit- ted, and being peculiarl}' drawn to jurisprudence. When he left the Count}' Clerk's office he formed a partnership with A. K. Vickers, and under his competent instruction went through a regu- lar course of reading in connection with the work of tiie office. His partnership with Mr. Vickers was dissolved when the latter was elected to the Legislature, and our subject entered the law school at Bloomington. After a year's hard study, he was graduated June 15, 1887, at the head of his class, carrying away the honors of the first prize for scholarship. Returning to Vienna after his graduation, our subject, who had been admitted to the Bar in Maj', 1887, again formed a partnership with Mr. Vick- ers, under the firm name of Vickers & Gillespie, and they continued together until January, 1890. Mr. Gillespie then entered into partnership with L. O. Whitnell, and the_v are a strong law firm,enjo3'- ing an extensive patronage. He was united in mar- riage to Etta Oliver, a native of Johnson County, November 19, 1890. They have a charming home, cozj', cheerful and attractive, and a little son, whom they have named Alfred, completes their household circle. Our subject has devoted himself strictly to his business, and has not pushed himself forward in the political field, preferring the practice of his chosen profession to |niblic honors, Init his fellow- citizens knowing full well his splendid (pialifica- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 163 tioiis, elected him in 1892 to the important office of State's Attorney. He is a clear thinker, a logi- cal and cogent reasoner, handles his cases in court with skill and never failing self-possession, and displaj-s considerable oratorical power in his pre- sentation of his client's interests. His reputation as a good speaker caused his election to represent the Republicans in the joint debate August 1, 1892, between the various political parties, includ- ing the Prohibitionists and Populists, in which each debater gave his reason for his faith. Mr. Gillespie's address upon "Why I am a Repub- lican" was conceded by all, irrespective of party, to be a masterl}' effort, couched in terse, strong language, displaying a marvelous knowledge of politics in general, containing many telling points and a solid arra}- of facts, stated candidly and im- passionately. Mr. Gillespie's fellow-Republicans were highly pleased with his address, which was copied in the newspapers, and he is to be con- gratulated as an able exponent of the Republican doctrines. e^HiH^i l^RANCIS B. THACKER, Circuit Clerk and f{s^ Recorder of Johnson Count}', is a native of this section of the counlrj% and has risen to be one of its most prominent citizens and valued public officials solelj^ through the force of natural ability and personal merit. He was born in Bloomfield Township August 7, 1841, and is a son of J. Samson Tliacker, who was born in Stew- art Count}', Tenn. He in turn was a son of Na- than Thacker, who was a farmer and spent his last years in Tennessee. After his death his widow courageously set out to 6nd a new home in the wilds of Illinois for herself and children, who ac- companied her on the tiresome journey to this county, the removal being made with teams. The family settled among the pioneers of Johnson Count}-, and here the father of our subject, who was but eight or ten years old at the time of the migration, grew up on a farm, and earl\- became a farmer on his own account. He bought a tract of Government land in Bloomfield Township after he attained manhood, and in the bus}' years that fol- lowed devoted himself untiringly to the hard task of developing the farm which remained his home until his death. He was greatly helped in his work by the active and practical assistance of his wife, who survives at a venerable age. She was Sarah Bain in her maiden days, and was born in North Carolina in November, 1814. She is the mother of five children: Francis B., Samson Pleas- ant, Martha F., Charles A. and Green N. The subject of this biographical review was reared and educated in this, his native county. He resided with his mother until the breaking out of the war, and then the opening years of his man- hood were devoted to the cause of his country. He was among the first to respond to the call of the Government for troops, and was but twenty years of age when he enlisted, August 22, 1861, in Company D, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, which was commanded by John A. Logan. He did faithful service during the long and dreary years that followed, displaying endurance, fortitude, manliness and true courage on all occasions that called for these soldierly qualities, and he did his share of fighting in the various engagements in which his regiment took part. He was present at the siege of Corinth, at the storming and capture of Ft. Donelson, at the battles of Burnt Bridge, Port Gibson, Jackson, Champion Hills, and the siege and capture of Vicksburg. His regiment joined Sherman's command at Big Shanty, Ga., and helped to take Atlanta, won a gallant record at Jonesborough, accompanied the victorious army to the sea, and thence on to Washington by the way of the Carolinas and Richmond, and in the Capitol City participated in the Grand Review that marked the close of the war, and was finally hon- orably discharged at Louisville, Ky., July 9, 1865. Soon after his return from the battlefields of the South, Mr. Thacker bought a steam sawmill in the western part of the county, which he operated two years. He then bought a farm in Bloomfield Township, and has devoted himself principally to farming ever since, although he has at two differ- ent times ensjaged in the lumber business. His 164 rORTIlATT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. energies have by no means, however, been con- fined to the performance of private duties, but have in part been directed in public channels, as he has held two of the most important couiity oflices. In 1877 he was elected County Treasurer, was re-elected in 1879, and served five years, and the financial affairs of the county nourished under his i)rudcnt and wise administration. In 1888 he was elected Circuit Clerk and Recorder for John- son County for a terra of four years, and he brings to his work the same acumen, business dispatch and unalloyed integrity that have always charac- terized him, whether in public or In private life. In politics he is a true Republican, standing by his party whether defeat or victory sits on its ban- ners, lie cast his first Presidential vote for Geli. Grant. Socially, ho is a member of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. it A. M.; of Vienna Lodge, K. P.; and of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. Mr. Thaeker was married in 1866 to Miss Nancy C, a daughter of Owen Peterson, and a native of Cache Township. Their pleasant married life has brought to them six children, named as follows: Fannie, Harry, Samuel, Kate, Nola and Charlie. ♦^^1 mMis 1^^- ^ OIIN C. MACKEV, who resides on his farm on section 31, Bloomfield Township, Johu- ^^^ son County, is not only a competent farmer, ^^f) but he is a contractor and builder of high repute and conducts an extensive business in that line. Alabama is his native State, and he was born August 12, 1847. His father was James L. Mackey, who was born, reared and married in South Caro- lina, where lie had been brought up on a farm. His parents removed to Tennessee, w-hcre the grandfather of our subject continued his occui)a- tion as a farmer, .and in due time died. James Mackey obtained a fair education in the schools of his d.a^'. He married Sarah Jane Duran, who was al.so a native of South Carolina, and they subsequently left their native State, and at differ- ent times lived in Alal)ama, ^Nlississipiii and Ten- nessee. From the latter State they came to this in the fall of 1861, coming hither by rail. Mr. Mackey had but little means at that time, and first settled on rented land in Union Count}'. Af- ter awhile he bought railroad land, which he sold after living on it for a time and improving it, and his next and last move was to Texas, where he died, his wife also d3'ing there in the same year. They were the parents of seven children: Rebecca, who is married and lives in Texas; William, who is a dairy farmer in Texas; James T., a i-esident of Dallas, Tex.; John C; Louis C, now in Dallas, Tex.; Monroe, also in Dallas; and Elizabeth, the wife of John Benson, of Dongola, Union County. John C. Mackey is the fourth child of the fam- ily. Brought up on a farm, he early became ac- customed to work. lie ap|)lied himself diligently to his books and made the most of his opportuni- ties to obtain an education in the common schools. At the age of eighteen, the sturdy self-reliant youth began life in earnest, with good habits, health, strength and a well-balanced mind for cap- ital. He had a decided taste for mechanics, was very skillful in handling tools, and he naturally turned his attention to the trade of a carpenter, and in due time m.astered every detail of the call- ing. He then spent some time farming on some land he owned in Union County, which he finally sold, and then bought his present farm of eighty- five acres in Bloomfield Township. This is supplied with ample improvements, its fields are well tilled, and the whole place shows the best of care. Be- sides superintending his farm, Mr. Mackey eon- ducts an extensive business at Vienna as a builder, has erected many of the most substantial houses in that village and in the countj', and always h.as all the contracts he cares to fill. They are always carried out to the letter, and he is known among his many friends and acquaintances as a m.an of scrupulous integrity, who is straightforward and above board in all his transactions. He is a pub- lic-spirited citizen, who uses his influence for the good of the community', and as a member of the School Board — a position he also held while a res- ident of Union County — he seeks to promote the cause of education in this local it}-. Politicall}', he favors the Republican jiarty. / V PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RKVIEW. 167 The marriage of our subject with Miss Nancy Jane Keith, a native of Johnson Count}-, was sol- emnized in 1869, and has been a union as happy as tliat usuall\- allotted to mortals. It has brought to them eleven children: Almira Belle, who died in infancy; Addison, who died at the age of eighteen years, and AV^illie E., James Franklin, Mary Elleu, Cora E., Lillie W., Oliver, Annie, John and Ethel. These children brighten the home and gladden the hearts of their parents, who are giv- ing them a good practical training in life's lessons, and affording them the best educational advan- tages within their means. y^EOHGE E. GIBSON was burn in Wilson I — County, Tenn., in 1824, and is a son of V_4i Archibald Gibson, of North Carolina, who settled in Tennessee about 1814, and followed farm- ing for a living. Archibald Gibson was married twice, and bj' his second wife, wlio was Frances Moseley, nee Eddings, a daughter of William Edd- ings, of Tennessee, he had one son, George H,and two daughters. Archibald Gibson was a prosper- ous farmer and lived and died on his own farm. ]Mrs. Gibson died about 1835, aged sixtj- years, ilr. Gibson lived until 18.3.5. and died in his ninety- second 3'ear. George E. Gilison left the parental roof when thirteen years old in company with his half-brother, Joseph Gibson, and went to Missouri. From that time until he was twenlj' years old, he was of a rov- ing disposition, and was in thirteen different States, Southern and Western, but was in none north of Missouri. He worked on a farm for from S6 to ^8 per month, and afterward was engaged with stock- men most of the time. He helped to drive a large drove of sheep from Tennessee to Alabama, near Mobile, occupying two months on the way, and for some time after he was fifteen years old he followed rafting on the Mississippi River. He then became an overseer of slaves on a Tennessee plantation, re- ceiving as high as ^25 per month as wages. In May, 1850, Mr. Gibson married Miss Martha Ann Barber, of Rutherford County, Tenn., daugh- ter of Thomas and Mary (Leath) Barber. He was engaged in merchandising in Wilson County ,Tenn., for two 3-ears and then removed to Calloway- County, Ky., where he bought a farm of one hun- dred acres of improved land. On this farm he re- sided eleven 3-ears, selling out in 1862 and remov- ing to his present home in Johnson County. The removal was made b}- means of horse teams and wagons, and he brought his wife and five children. The3- had buried one little daughter of three 3-ears in Kentuek3-. When Mr. Gibson made this removal he had some means — a family mare, a good team of mules and $800 in mone\'. He was well situated in Kentucky and well satisfied there, but like many others w-ho were lo3'al to the Government of the United States, it was necessary for him to leave Kentuck3' in order that he might enjo}- his own opinions and practice his principles in peace. Upon arriving in Illinois he bought a farm of one hun- dred and sixtv' acres of land for $1,550, going in debt to the extent of 1750; but by selling his mule team and a good crop of wheat which was growing when he bought the farm, he soon paid off the debt. Since then he has bought several farms and deeded them to his sons. The most land he ever owned at one time w-as three hundred acres, and he now owns two hundred acres of good land, which is under a high state of cultivation, and worth at least 14,000. The farm is, however, not for sale, as Mr. Gibson traveled all he desired when 3'oung. His Kentuck3- farm was about three miles from the Tennessee line, and was between the two belligerent armies, and he could not move until after the cap- ture of Ft. Donelson. He might retire at night with a corn crib and smoke house full of corn and meat, but iu the morning they would both be empty. Such reasons as these, as well as the otiier reasons given, determined him in sacrificing his property, and in coming to the free air and soil of Illinois. When Mr. Gibson married his first wife she was sixteen 3-ears old. She bore him seven children and died in 1866, at the age of thirty-three. Mr. (iibson lived a widower seventeen years, and in 1883 married Mrs. II. M. Ridenhovver, nee Lovina Miller, of North Carolina. He has buried one lit- i(;,s I'oirnj.vrr and nioCKAiMiiCAL hkvikw. tie d.iuijliter since eomiiig to Illinois, Martha A., wlio died at the age of two years. The children now living are as follows: John 'P.; Frances, wife of \V. I'. Mohler, a farmer of Niuinia, and who has two sons and six daughters; Louisiana, wife of Al- len Miller, a farmer of AVilliamson County, and who has two daughters; William Allen, a single man at home; and James A., a farmer near by, who has a wife and one son and one daughter. James A. was married March 21, 1886, to Miss Fleta Kiden- hower. and their children are George Raymond, aged five years, and De IJernice. Mr. Gibson is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and Mrs. Gibson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Gibson expresses a realizing sense of the mercy and goodness of (iod, shown in keeping him in all his wanderings through youth and maturer years free from all kinds of wickedness, in giv- ing him two good companions and good and duti- ful children, and in assisting him in the accumu- lation of a plentiful share of this world's goods, lie considers that his mother's advice while on her death-bed, and especially her pure life, have been the guiding stars of his life, keeping him free from all the vices of youth, such as driuking, cursing, gambling and the social evil, and for all of this good fortune he feels devoutl\' thankful to the mere}' and guiding care of a Ik'ing who is All-wise and All-sood. — 5- =^>-^<-^^-5- eAPT. OTTOMAN BAUKR, i)roprietor of the boaf'Monic Bauer," which plies on the Ohio River, is a resident of Golconda, en- gaged in the coal trade, and is one of the active, stirring business men of Pope Count}'. He was born in Woodsfield, Washington County, Ohio, December 25, 1852, a son of Leo|)old Bauer. The father of our subject was lioru and reared in Germany and was the only member of iiis fa- ther's family to come to America. In his youth he learned the trade of a iiiano-maker and was employed in that business in the Fatherland until he was twenty-one, when he enlisted in the Ger- man army, in compliance with the laws of the j country, and served as a soldier four years. At i the close of his military life he came to the i United States and, locating at Woodsfield, Ohio, he pursued his trade at that point some four years. He then invested his money in a sawmill and wa> employed in the manufacture of lumber three years. He was a musician of no mean skill, and at the end of that time he enlisted in an Ohio regiment and served as leader of the regimental band one year. After his return from the South, Mr. Bauer built a steamer and engaged in boating on the Upper Ohio River for three years, when he sold out and constructed a floating sawmill. Il was the first one of the kind ever built on the river and he operated it at different points for five years. After disposing of his mill he re- moved to Missouri and invested in a farm near Charleston. He devoted himself to agricultural pursuits a few years, but finally sold his farm and has since resided at St. Louis. Our subject commenced when young to assist his father in the mill, and at the age of nineteen bought the mill of his father, which was the float- ing mill previously spoken of, and operated it ai different points on the river some two years, lie then sold it and purchased a new mill, which he had under his management until 1876, when he dis- posed of that also, and buying a tow-boat began to do business with it on the Ohio between Evansvillo and Cairo. Since that time he has built and owned several boats, and the one that he operates at tlu present time is named "Monie Bauer," in honor of his daughter. In addition to boating he is en- gaged in the coal business, in which he has an ex- tensive trade, as he is the only dealer in Golconda. He is endowed with the same enterprise and thrift that characterized his father in his business career, and he has accumulated a comfortable property and is one of the substantial men of the city. In iiis social relations he is a member of Bayard Lodge No. 1864, K. of H., and politically, he is unswerv- ing in his fealty to the Democratic party. July 28, 1873, is the date of the marriage of our subject to Miss Mary M'alter, who was born in PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 169 Pope County, and is a daughter of Cliristian and Mary Walter, natives of Germany. Mrs. Bauer is a most estimable woman, and the Metiiodist Epis- copal Church finds in her a faithful member. Slie and her husband have five children living, Jessie, Flora, Oscar, Monie and .Stanley. si^-i^i ILLIAM M. HEDRICK is not only a pro- \f\lll n''6ssive tiller of the soil, but he also con- ducts a general mercantile establishment on his farm of sixty acres in Pope Count3', 111. He was liorn in Bradley County, East Tenn., in 1830, I)ul his father, John Hedrick, was born in Lincoln County, N. C, in 1789. The latter, who was a farmer and mechanic by occupation, a man of in- telligence, and one whose word was as good as his bond, died at the age of sixt}- years. He was mar- ried in North Carolina to Miss Aggie Bailey, a native of that State, and a descendant of a Revo- lutionar}' soldier, who lived to be one hundred years of age, and was buried in Monroe County, East Tenn. Soon after their marriage, and when the country was wild and hardl}- inhabited save for Indians and the prowling wild animals, they removed to Tennessee, and there they reared a famil}' of eight children: Daniel, Andrew, Absalom, Davault, Polly, John, Elizabeth and William M., all of whom are living with the exception of two, anil all residents of Tennessee except Elizabeth and AVilliam J\I. The noble mother of this family died in Tennessee in 1830, in middle life, and the fatiier, with several of his children, afterward re- moved to Missouri, where he purchased a tract of land near Mammoth Spring, Ripley County, on which farm his death occurred, and where he now sleeps his last sleep. William M. Hedrick, when not employed on the home farm, attended school occasionally, but good schools were few and far between, consequently he did not obtain as good an education as he should have done. On his father's death he was reared by his brother Andrew, a farmer and mechanic of Brad- ley County, Tenn., who, although an octogenarian, has few gray hairs, and is still active and ener- getic, and is well-to-do in worldly goods. Will- iam M. was married in August, 1854, to Miss Lu- clnda Walls, of Tennessee, their marriage taking place in Bradley County, where they lived until 1863. From the opening of the Civil War until he came to Illinois, Mr. Hedrick was compelled for the greater part of the time to hide in the woods to prevent beiug drafted into the Confederate army. However, in 1861, he was guided through the Cumberland Mountains for about seventy-five miles by a Mr. Clifton, and after a week's journey succeeded in reaching the Union forces at Cum- berland Ford, from which point he made his way to Illinois three years later. Mr. Hedrick did not volunteer in the service, as he was ineligible on account of poor health, but he remained with the Federals the most of the time during the three years. At one time he stole back through the mountains the same way he had come to see his family and found that his wife had died. He then came by Louisville to Pope County, HI., to tlie home of his sister Elizabeth, wife of James L. Dixon. On the 26tli of September, 1865, he re- turned to Tennessee for his children, and upon reaching Nashville had to telegraph Gen, Thomas for a permit. On his return with his famil3% as he had no means, he first farmed on rented ground. Since that time he has owned three farms, besides the one on which he now resides, and onto which he moved in December, 1890. He soon opened a general store on the place, and there a post-office was established, of which he was made Postmaster. In 1866, Mr. Hedrick was married in this county to Mrs. Anna Riley, widow of William Riley, a soldier of the Union army. Jlrs. Hedrick 's maiden name was Matthews, and she was born m Georgia. Our subject's children were as follows: William A., a farmer of Union County, 111., and the father of two sons and two daughters; Lucretia T, wife of William Wilson, of Ozark, Johnson County, III.; James K., who died of brain fever in 1879, at about the age of twenty-one years; and an infant also deceased. Mr. Hedrick was first a Whig, but has long been a Republican, politically, and has held the position of Constable for sixteen years. 170 PORTRAIT AND BIOORAl'HICAL REVIEW. lie antl liis wife me members of tlie Reitiilar Bap- tist Cluircli, and arc in even' way wortliy people. His farm is devoted to general farming, and he keeps a fair stock of goods in his store, which brings him in considoral>le means during the year. His sister Elizabeth lost her husband in 1872, and with her children has made hiT home with Mr. lied rick for some years. r^IIOIMAS F. \KAT('ll. Among the good citizens of Johnson County who are carry- ing forward its agricultural interests is Thomas F. Veatch, who has a farm pleasantly situated on section 1, Cache Township. He is descended from one of the earliest settlers of Johnson Count}', of wliich he is a native, born on a farm within its precincts on the 20th of Sep- tember, 1844. His paternal grandfather, Green B. Veatch, was one of the earliest of those adventure- some spirits to penetrate the wilds of southern Illinois to establish a home in its forest wilds. He was a farmer by occupation, who, hoping to better his condition, had left his native State, North Caro- lina, with a wagon loaded with a few necessities, and had boldly pushed onward until he arrived in what is now Johnson County, which was then a literal wilderness, infested with wolves, panthers and other wild animals, and inhabited only by In- dians, with but few exceptions. He constructed as best he could a log cabin, and entered upon his pioneer life under circumstances which might well cause the stoutest heart to quail. He and his fam- ily had to live on parched corn, which was pounded to make meal. After a while a mill was put up and operated by horse-power for grinding corn, when he would occasionally carry some to be ground, having to wait his turn with others. He worked ddigently to clear liis farm, cutting down line large trees, rolling the logs together and burn- ing them to make room to sow his crops. He lived upon that place many years, but others coming in. he had an Ojiportunity to sell it at a good price, and after disposing of it, opened up another farm near by, and died thereon at a ripe old age after having contributed materially to the growth of the county, which he had found heavily tim- bered, and without churches or schools or other signs of civilization. Benjamin F. Veatch, the father of our subject, was born in the pioneer home of his parents in this county, and was reared amid its primitive scenes with but few advantages for self-improve- ment, as far as the schools of that day were con- cerned. They were taught on the subscrij^tion plan by teachers who were rarely qualified for their profession, reading and a slight knowleduc of arilhemtic being generally the extent of their learning, one who could "cipher in the 'rule of three'" being considered exceptionalh' Icarneil. At the age of twenty young Benjamin left the parental home, and as an initial step toward a home of his own, married Elizabeth Mount, a na- tive of this county. The newly wedded pair com- bined their forces and worked with willing hands and light hearts at their task. The young hus- band first rented land near the old place, and later bought some land in the neighborhood, built a log cabin for shelter, cleared and improvnl a farm, and lived upon it eighteen years. Dispon- ing of it for a goodly sum of money, he bought another farm in Vienna Township, Ave miles to the south, and it is still in his possession, its well- tilled fields yielding him a comfortable income. Mr. Veatch's first wife died in 1853, leaving but one child, our subject, another having died in infancy. His second marriage united him with Elizabeth McKuen, a native of Johnson County, and to them were born seven children: James C. and Leroy C, who live in Vienna Townshii); Mary Jane, deceased; Allen, living ou the farm; Martha and Rosa, at home with their parents; and AVilliam, who died in iufancj-. Thomas Veatch attended the local schools in his boyhood, and obtained such an education as they offered. He early became familiar with every branch of farm work, and was a good practical farmer when he began his independent career as a farmer at the age of twenty-four. He had prc\ i- I PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 171 ously a^isistod his fathei-, but lie then married Miss Ilai-riet Matins, of Johnson County, and for six years rented a farm. Industr\% thrift and wise economy enabled him to accumulate mone}', and at the end of that time he bought a place of his own, comprising eighty acres of unimproved land on section 1, Cache Township, and he has made of it one of the most desirable farms of the neighbor- hood. Here he and his family are deservedly en- joying the comforts of a substantial home. Of the six children born to him and his estimable wife, l)ut one remains in the household, Fearl, the others having been early called to the home b^'ond. Mr. Yeatch is a Christian gentleman, and an active working member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politieallv, he is a Democrat, and in all tilings he is a arood citizen. < c;- ••• #^# ••* ; OHN LOGAN MOUNT, a member of one of the oldest families in Johnson County, and ^1 I one of its native-born sons, is a bright, en- ^Bf' thusiastic young teacher, who has alieady won an enviable reputation in bis profession. He was born in Simpson Township, August 29, 1864, and is a son of William W. Mount, who was a noble veteran in the late war, serving in the fam- ous Thirty-first Illinois Regiment, commanded b}' Gen. John A. Logan. William Mount was also a native of Simpson Township, born into one of its early pioneer homes. His father, whose name was the same as his own, was born near Petersburgh, Ind., and came thence to Illinois in the earl}' days of the settlement of Johnson County. He selected a tract of Gov- ernment land in what is now Simpson Township, and erecting a log house, in the wilderness for a shelter, at once commenced to reclaim a farm. He later erected a double log house which is still standing, and subsequently gave the farm to his son Jasper. He then went to live on an adjoin- ing farm, upon which he erected a good set of frame buildiiiiys, and resided there until his death. He was a man of much strength of character and native abilit3',and, though somewhat eccentric, his hospitality and kind-heartedness were proverbial, and no one went hungry from his door or was permitted to suffer if he could afford relief. He had decided opinions on all topics with which he was conversant, and especially concerning polities. His sympathies were with the Whigs, and he early espoused the cause of Abolition. The father of our subject grew to a vigorous, self-reliant manhood amid the primitive scenes upon wiiich he first opened his eyes, and his edu- cation was conducted in the pioneer schools of his native township, which were held in a log house. The rudely made furniture was of the simplest kind, the seats being rough benches fash- ioned from small logs that were. split in two, and one side was hewed comparative!}' smooth, the seats being without backs or desks in front. He early became a practical farmer with tlie exper- ience gathered on his father's farm, and at the time of his marriage he left the shelter of the parental roof to make a new home on a tract of land that his father gave him. He devoted him- self to the care and improvement of his farm un- til the war broke out, when he laid aside his own interests to go forth to do battle for his country, enlisting in 1861 in Company D, Thirty-first Illi- nois Infantry, which was under command of Col. John A. Logan, and was one of the most active regiments in the army. Mr. Mount was in the service three years, and iiis record as a soldier of approved bravery and fidelity was of the best. He was honorably discharged at the expiration of his term of enlistment, in 1864, and returning home took up the work that he had laid down, and engaged in farming until his life closed on the 16th of March, 1873. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah J.Grisson. She was born in Grantsburg Township, a daughter of William and Mary Grisson, and is now a resident of Popeco, 111. She is the mother of eight children. John Logan Mount, of this biographical review, passed his early life on his father's farm, but he chose rather to enter professional paths instead of making his way in life as a farmer, and after lay- ing the foundation of a liberal education in the 172 PORTRAIT AND BlOCRAPIllCAL REVIEW. district seiiool, lie fiillicr prepared himself to be a teacher in tiie Southern Illinois Normal University, at Carlxindale. At the age of twenty he began his successful career as a teacher, and is recognized as one of our most talented educators. He has a clear, well-balanced mind, is progressive in his views, and is quick to adopt new methods of teach- ing where they can be applied to advantage. Mr. Mount w.is lirst married in 1887 to Miss Carrie M., daughter of Harrison .and Levnia Rid- cnhower, and a native of Johnson County. She died April 15, 1.^88. The second marriage of our subject was solemnized in 1890, when Miss Nannie M. Ellis became his wife. She was born in Pope County, and is a daughter of John and Mary Ellis pioneers of Pope Coiintj'. One son has hallowed the union of our subject and his wife. Mr. Mount is one of the young Republican leaders in this vicinity, and in 1890 was appointed Postmaster at the Simpson ollice. He possesses tact, courtesy and other pleasant personal qualities that win him friends, and his standing is high among his fellow-members of Delta Lodge No. 772, 1. O. 0. F., and Encampment No. 52. He and his wife are closelj' identified with the religious interests of the community as members of the Presbyterian Church. ELIJAH JENNINGS. Amongthe intluential citizens of Pope County, no one has been more prominently identified with her wel- fare or more interested in her success and prosper- ity for many j'cars p.ast, than has the gentleman of whom we write. Many years ago he was one of a comi)any formed in this county for protection against thieves and robbers. This was before the days of organized defense against lawlessness, and the earl3' settlers were obliged to be their own pro- tectors. Mr. Jennings was one of a party that cap- tured a gang of robbers who had made themselves notorious by many acts of violence and had acted in deliance of the rights of others. A luiiiilior of the desperadoes were sent to the penitentiary for life, thus ridding the count}' of some of the most dar- ing outlaws that ever infested southern Illinois. Mr. Jennings is engaged in farming on section 31, township 1.3, range 6, where he lias resided since 1890. The subject of this sketch was born on Christ- mas Day, in the year 1822, in Allen County, Ky., his parents being Joseph and Elizabeth (Shadow- ens) Jennings. The father was a native of North Carolina, the mother's birthplace being in Tennes- see. In 1836, the}' came in wagons to this State. crossing the Ohio River at Oolconda, and settling; first in Williamson County, where they lived oiil\ a short time. They then removed to this county, where they were numbered among the first settler-, and later located in Hardin Countv, where l\\v\ were called from this life. Our subject remained with his parents until reaching the age of twenty-seven j'ears. He ;i(- tendcd the subscription schools in Williamsending a short time in Graves County, re- turned to Tennessee. In a few years he again took up his residence in Graves County, Ky., whence he came to Illinois in 1842 with his wife and three children, making the journey with an ox-team, cooking and camping by the way. He located on a tract of Government land six miles southeast of Vienna, in what is now Grantsburg Township. His first work was to erect a house of round logs, with a puncheon floor and a stick and mud chimney. In 1853 his wife died and he rented his land, and, removing to Elvira Town- ship, entered quite a large tract of Government land, including the one hundred and sixty acre farm our subject owns and occupies. Mr. Mozley lived in Elvira twelve years, and then took up his residence in Dongola, Union County, where he en- gaged in the lumber business two years. After that he lived in Vienna a few years, prior to buy- ing a farm two miles from the village, which he occupied some years. His next move was to dis- pose of that property and invest the proceeds in the grocery business. Two years later he aban- doned that, and returned to Elvira Township, spent two years there, and since then has made his home with his son John T. in Grantsburg Town- ship. He has prospered in his labors, and accumu- lated a comfortable property, besides contributing his quota to the development of the agricultural interests of the county. His first wife, mother of our subject, died in March, 1853, leaving six children. He reared one child by a second mar- riage. He of whom we write was but three years old when he came to Illinois with his parents, so has no remembrance of other than his adopted home. In his early recollection Johnson County was very sparsely settled, while deer, wild turkeys and other game were plentiful. His early education was con- ducted in the pioneer schools of the time, the sec- ond school that he attended being taught in a rail pen. That was only used temporarily, however, while a log cabin was being built for the pupils to occupy. It was furnished with slab benches, which were supported by wooden pins, and had no backs or desks in front. In those days quill pens, made by the teacher, were the only ones used. Our subject continued an iiimalo of iho parental 174 ■OKIKAII' AM) l!l()(;i!Al'lll( Al. 1;K\1K\V. Iiome until lie was twenty years old, mihI then lived with an elder brother one year. AI'tLr in:u- riaue he resided on his father's homestead nearly a year, ;uid subsequently loeated on the place whieli he now makes his home, which comprises a (juarter of section 5, Klvira 'I'ownship. lie has good facilities for farming, his land is exceedingly fertile and is well tilled, and the farm is kept in an excellent condition. Mr. Mozlcy was first married in 1861 to Frances, a daughter of Pinekney and Susan Shelton, and a native of Tennessee. Her death occurred Novem- ber 13, 1866. There are two children by that marriage : .John Marshall and Norman A. Jlr. Mozley mariied a second time, in November, 18G7, Rosa A. George becoming his wife. She was born in Union County, and is a daughter of Authon}' and Louisa (Augustine) George, who were natives of Germany and pioneers of Union County. Mr. and Mrs. Mozley have four children: George W., Charlie F., Mary L. and Eugene Garfield. Our subject and his estimable wife are members of the Christian Church, and their daily lives exemplify' their earnest religious faith. In politics he has v(jted with the Hepublicans since the war. 3*.n-*>^^''.^^.**F WrJLLIAM i;. 15AIN, a >'oung man of more than ordinary energy and business capac- ity, who is popular in social circles and inlluential in local politics, is one of the leading merchants of Vienna, the city of his birth, where he conducts a well-appointed dry-goods establish- ment, lie was born January 8, 1861, .-md is a son of the late John liain, who was for many years one of the foremost business men of this city. .John Bain was a native of llopkinsville, Ky., and was born January 11, 1817. His father, who bore the same name as himself, was a native of North Carolina, whence he removed to Tennessee, and from there to Kentucky in the early years of its setllcnii'iit. In 1.^21 he again emigi-atod, and journeying to this Slnlc with his wife and eight children, he selected for his future home a tract of (iovernmentland in the forests, six miles north- east of the present site of Vienna. He thus be- came one of the advance guard of those brave and sturdy pioneers who faced the dangers and hardships of life on the frontier with intre[nd courage, and began to develop the rich agricul- tural resources of this region, which under them and their successors has been transformed into a valuable farming country, lie worked diligently at clearing and tilling his farm, and there his well-spent life was rounded out by death at a ven- erable age. His wife, who in her inaiden days war- Martha Brooks, is supposed to have been a native of North Carolina, and she too died in this count\ . The father of our subject was four years old when his parents brought him to their new home in the wilds of southern Illinois. As soon as he was large enough to be of any use, he began to help his father on the farm, and remained with him until he attained his majority. He was of an enterprising disposition, with a decided talent for business, and his tastes for mercantile pursuits led him to open a store for the sale of merchan- dise a mile and a-half from his father's home. There were no railwa\'s in the vicinity, and his goods had to be transported with ox-teams from Metropolis. A few years later he removed his business to Vienna, as a more advantageous loca- tion, and was a resident of this city until his death, December 28, 1886. He was a man of marked force of character, clear-sighted, far-seeing, prompt to act, shrewd and wise in money matters, and one of the most successful business men of Johnson County, exerting a marked influence in the promotion of its interests. The wife of John Bain, to whom he was mar- ried September 2, 1841, and with whom he lived in true wedded happiness fortv-five years, is quietly passing her declining years in the old home in Vienna. She bore the maiden name of AVinnie Ilarrell, and was born September 29, 1824, in Johnson County, coming of one of its earliest pioneer families. Her father was Elias Ilarrell, who was a native of North Carolina, where he was reared and married. After Ihi' liirMi of four PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 175 cliildreu he aud his wife concluded to seek a new home for theaiselves and offspring in the wilds of tiie far western frontier, and set out with a team on the long and weary journey overland, camping and cooking bj' tlie wayside whenever tired of travel, or night overtook them. Mr. Harrell was one of the first to take up land in what is now Bloomflcld Township, and he erected a hewed-log jioiise for the shelter of his famil3', that immble dwelling being afterward the birthplace of his -*<^=^- OSEPH BJ:>'rON lOJYKENDALL, of Vienna Township, Johnson County, was ^^ born on a farm ten miles northeast of Vienna V^^ January 9, 1842. His father, Hon. Andrew Jackson Ku3'kendall, was born in what is now Hardin Count}', 111., March 3, 1815, and was the son of Joseph Kujkendall, a native of North Car- olina. He was a descendant of one of three broth- ers, natives of Holland, who came to America in early Colonial days. The great-grandfather of our subject, who was named .Jos&ph, removed from North Carolina to Kentucky in an early daj', and spent his last j'ears in that State. The grandfa- ther of our subject went to Kentuck}' with his par- ents and resided there until 1815, when he emi- grated to the Territory of Illinois, and it was while the family was en route to Johnson Countv that the father of our subject was born. Tiie famil}- located near the present site of San- burn, in Johnson County. At that time the greater portion of the Territoiy was practically uninhab- ited except by the Indians. Deer, bear and other wild game were abundant. Grandfather Ku3'ken- dall improved a farm and resided upon it until his death. The maiden name of his wife, the grand- mother of our subject, was Maiy Taylor. She was a sister of Col. Richard Taylor, or "Uncle Dick," IMO I'dinuArr and iii<)<.i;.\i'iii( ai. 1!K\ii:\v. iis lio was familiarly called, of Chicago. Hon. A. ,J. Kiiykendall iiad but limited opportunities for securing an education in his younger days, his education being principally obtained after he reached manhood. After his marriage he taught a school of small scholars for five months, and soon afterward taught a term of twelve months. At that time the schools were taught in a log cabin on the subscription plan. While teaching, Mr. Kuykcndall employed his spare time in studying law, and was soon admitted to the Bar. lie began i)ractice at Vienna, and very early became interested in public affairs, being frequently called upon to fill offices of trust. In 1813 he was first elected to the State Legisla- ture, and he was re-elected many times to both the House and Senate, being a member of one House or the other for about thirty jears. He started out in his public career as a Democrat, and was a "Senator in the Legislature at the time the war came on, having been elected by that part}'. AVhen an extra session was called by the Governor to meet the exigencies of the times, he called a meeting of his constituents and told them in sub- stance that he loved hiscountr3'and that he should vote to raise men and means to bring the war to a successful termination, in order that the Union might be saved. This brought forth a shower of protests, but he stood firm to his purpose, sup- ported the country with true loyalty, and from that time on was a Republican in politics and a stanch supporter of Republican piinciples. In 1864 he was elected to Congress by the Republican party. In August, 1861, he was commissioned Major of the Thirty-first Illinois Volunteers and served for one year, when he resigned and re- turned home. Soon afterward he located on a farm, and for many years was engaged in general farming and stock-raising, tiiougli nuich of his time was taken up by his official duties. His death took place in Vienna, 111., May 11, 1891. August 16, 1836, Mr. Kuykendall married Cyn- thia Simpson, who was born May 7, 1818, in Illi- nois. Her father, William Simpson, was born near Detroit, Mich. His father, also named William Simpsf)n. was one of the first settlers of the Terri- kirv of Illinois, localing about ten miles from \'ienna, at the junction of llif mads leading from Kaskaskia to Golconda ami from Metropolis to Shawneetown. The nearest neighbor he had at the time of his settlement there w.as twenty-five miles away. Erecting a double log house, he opened a tavern, which was popularly known as Simpson's Tavern. He also bought live stock, which he drove to the Detroit market. He spent his last days in Johnson County, 111. The maiden name of his wife was Polly Jones. The grandfa- ther of the subject of this sketch was young when his parents brought him to Illinois. After his mar- riage he removed to Mississippi, where he lived for one year, when he returned to Johnson County and purchased a tract of land covered with timber adjoining his father's farm at Simpson Hill, upon which he resided until his death. The maiden name of the grandmother of our subject was Keziah Parmley; she was a daughter of Samuel Parmley, and was born in Kentucky. The mother of our subject has spent her entire life in her native county, and still resides in Vienna. She reared six of her fifteen children, viz: Mary .7., Kate L., Joseph B., Eliza E., Sarah A. and Edith. Joseph B. attended school quite steadilj" during his younger years, and did not engage in any ac- tive business until after leaving the army. He enlisted in Company D, Thirty-first Illinois Vol- unteers, in August, 1861, went South with the regiment, and joined the Army of the Tennessee. Among the more important battles in which he was engaged may be mentioned those of Belmont, Jackson and the siege and capture of Vicksburg. In 1864 he joined Sherman's command at Kenesaw Mountain. He was honorably discharged in Au- gust, 1864, at the expiration of his term of service. Returning to Vienna, for upwards of two 3-ears Mr. Kuykendall was engaged in the mercantile business. He then embarked in milling, which has since engaged his attention. He is the proprietor of the Vienna Rolling Mills, wliicii are furnished with all the best modern machinery and have a ca[)acity of one hundred barrels per day. In KS(!;5 he married Eliza Gorham, who was born in Mil- waukee, Wis., and is a dauglitcr of S. A. and Nancy J. (Reed) (idilmiii. To this union tiierc have been born four chiidicn, viz: Carrie, Andrew PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RP:VIEW. 181 J., Frauk and Gu}'. Mr. Kuj-kcndall is a Repub- lican in politics, and cast his first vote for Abra- ham Lincoln in 1864. He is President of the Vil- lage Board. In their religious convictions he and his wife are members of the Jlethodist Episcopal Church. ^^•■^•t^l^j^ (WILLIAM J. HERRKG, Jr. No man in township 12. range 7, Pope Count}', is '')^^ more worthj' of representation in this biographical record, than is our subject, who has for so man}' years been prominently connected with her welfare, and is one of the pioneers who laid the foundation for the present and future prosperity of this region. He owns a well-im- proved farm of two hundred acres on section 9, and is also the owner of one hundred and thirty- five acres in Hardin County. Though he raises a few horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, he is largely in- terested in growing corn, wheat and oats. He is, and always has been, very industrious and careful, and being a good manager is thus worth}- in every respect of the success which he has now reached. Mr. Herring was born in Wales, in 1839, his fa- ther, William J., Sr., who was born in 1816, hav- ing been a prominent farmer of Grand Pierre Precinct of that country. The grandfather of our subject, whose Christian name was Joseph, reared a family of ten children, eight sons and two daugh- ters, and died in his native land at an advanced age. William J., Sr., was the fourth son, and has a brother living in Brookh'n, N. Y., one in Cali- fornia, and one in St. Louis at the present time. He married Hannah Lawrence, also of Wales, and emigrated to America in 18.50, sailing from Cardiff, and being a long time on the ocean. On their ar- rival in New York City the}- remained there but a short time, thence going to Luzerne County, Pa., where they remained, however, only a year. In the fall of 18.51 they came to Illinois, traveling a portion of the way by water and crossing the Alle- ghany Mountains in a section of a boat drawn by a stationary engine at the summit. On reaching this State, they remained for a short time at Eliza- bethtown and then removed to Pope County. Landing in this country with some means, our subject's parents purchased and improved a farm, entering eighty acres at the land office at 11.25 per acre. To his original farm, Mr. Herring has since added sixty-five acres, making his farm in all one of one hundred and forty-five acres. Our subject was from his boyhood reared to farm life, and has proved himself to be eminently fitted for this occupation, which he has followed since his early years. He received the advantages of a good district school education, and taught school for some seven terms. In his twenty-eighth year he was united in marriage with Elizabeth C. Mc- Murphy, who was twenty-two years of age, their union being celebrated March 10, 1867. 3Irs. Her- ring is a daughter of John T. and Vollie (Bradley) McMurphy, natives of Illinois and Indiana re- spectively. The former removed to this State in 1818, and returned to Indiana for his bride. He had served in the Black Hawk War, and died on his farm in Hardin County in 1862, at the age of fifty-six years, leaving a widow, two sons and three daughters, of whom the wife of our subject is the youngest. The mother is still living with a daugh- ter, though she has now reached the age of seventy- seven years. The following children have been born to Jlr. and Mrs. Herring: Lillian A., who is twenty-two years of age and is a successful school teacher of this locality, now teaching her third term; W. C, aged twenty years, now at school and fitting him- self for a teacher; Lucy A., aged seventeen, also in school and a promising student; Mary E.; John R., Tivis L. and Olive L., aged fifteen, twelve and eight years, i-espectively, who are attending school; and Otto Ralph, a bright little child of three years and the pride of the household. Hannah P. died in 1870, aged two years and three months, and Grover died June 22, 1889, the same age to a day as his little sister, who had departed this life so many years previously. Mr. Herring is politically a Democrat, and is a member of the Presbyterian Cumberland Church. He is highly esteemed in this locality as a man of 182 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. intcf^rity and justice, and one who is tlionniglily consciontiout' in all his business dealings with his fellow-men. A brother of Mrs. Herring, David Mi'Muri)hy, was a loyal soldier during the late war, enlisting as a private in the Sixth Illinois Cav- alry. 'S? AMES M. SMITH, a prominent and intluon- tial citizen of Elvira Township, .lulnison ^^-^ I County, was born in this township January (^/y 22, 1833. His father, William Smith, was bt)rn in Tennessee, and his father, Millinglon Smith, was a pioneer settler of Johnson County, 111., who after removing to this county, spent the rest of his days here. At the time of his removal to Johnson Count}', William Smith was but a boy, and Illinois was at that time very sparsely settled. In several portions of the State there were no in- habitants but Indians. He secured a tract of Gov- ernment land in what is now Elvira Township, and upon that land erected the log cabin in which James M. Smith was born, lie cleared up his farm in the wilderness, and resided upon it until his death. The maiden name of his wife, the mother of James M. Smith., was Amy Elkius; she was a na- tive of Georgia and a daughter of John Elkins, wlio is mentioned in the personal sketch of Joshua Elkins, elsewhere in this work. She died on the farm, having reared seven children. James M. Smith was reared in his native town- ship at a time when pioneer life was the order of the day. There was no railroad connecting inte- rior points, and commerce between distant places had to be carried on by means of the rivers and teams, sometimes oxen, sometimes horses. The woods were then full of game, such as deer, bear and smaller animals, which, when hunted, pro- vided excellent food for the table in the absence of the more domesticated kinds of animals. The mother of Mr. Smith clothod her family, as did her neighbors, with cloth woven by her own hands. Farming methods were ecpially primitive. Oxen were for the most part used, and the wooden mold- board plow. All grain was cut with the reaping- hook, and later with the cradle, so called from its rocking motion as it swung back and forth across the swath. Mr. Smith resided at home with his parents un- til his marriage, and then settled on a portion of the old homestead, consisting of forty acres that his fathei- gave him. Since then he lias purchased other lands until now he owns six hundred and ninetj'-six acres, all in one body, and his improve- ments rank with the best in the county. He was married in 1862 to Miss Sarah Gore, a native of \'ienna Township and a daughter of Walter and Polly (IJain) Gore. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have five children: Sarah J., Sherman, Jefferson, Addison and Hosea. Mr. Smith isa Republican in politics. From adverse circumstances in his youth he has by indus- try and energy accumulated a handsome property and become a well-informed and self-educated man. =-^ 'if A M E S II. W A L L A C E, Sheriff of Pope County, is an invaluable civic officer, prompt, fearless and able in the discharge of the grave and responsible duties of his position, and potent in preserving law and order. He is a native of the count}-, and was born in Gol- conda Precinct, M.ay 8, 1854, a son of George C. and Mary E. (Davis) AVallace, of whom see sketch on another page of this volume. Our subject was reared on a farm, and early be- came proficient in all kinds of farm work, assist- ing his father in caring for the old homestead. His education was not neglected, and a part of each 3"ear was devoted to school until he was eighteen years old. He remained an inmate of the parental household until his marriage, and then commenced farming on his own account. He bought a tract of land in Golconda Precinct, and' actively en- gaged in tilling the soil and making improvements until the suffrage of his fellow-citizens called him from private life to im[iortant pul)lic duties as resiolncl or h. w. wellman ,sec.i3. tp. 13. r.g. popelco. ill. residence: OF THEOPHILUS 5C0TT, SEC , 32. TP. 15 . R. 6 . PO PE CO. I LL RESIDENCE- OF JOHN M. CHRISM AtJ, SEC. 2S. TR 13 . R . .5. POPE CO. ILL. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 185 County Slierlflf, to which office he was elected in 1890. He removed to Golconda to assume the functions'of the shrievalty, and has since been a resident of the city. He is identified with its so- cial interests as a member of Golconda Lodge No. 392, I. O. O. F. He was formerly associated with liic Republicans in politics, but when the People's party was organized he found himself in sympathj' with its principles, and withdrew from the old party to cast in his fortune with the new. He is a man of good calibre, holds decided opinions of his own on current topics with which he is familiar, stands high in the estimation of the people among wliom he has alwaj's lived, and his niitive countj'^ has in him a citizen of sterling merit, who has its best interests at heart. Mr. Wallace was married March 10, 1881, to Miss Louise Vinyard, a native of Hardin County, and a daughter of Philip and Lucinda (Howard) Vinyard. Two children have been born of their pleasant wedded life, whom they have named George Philip and Myrtle May. 1^^ AMUEL L. MORSE, Municipal .Judge of ^^^ (Jolconda, and a well-known citizen of 'ILo3y' 1*0P*^ County, with wliose agricultural in- terests he is identified as the owner of a valuable farm, belongs to one of the oldest families of southern Illinois, and he is also numbered among the veterans that represented the State at the front during the war. Mr. Morse was born in what IS now Polk Precinct, Pope County, Febru- ary 18, 1837. His father, Samuel Morse, was a native of South Carolina, and was a son of John IMorse, who was likewise a native of tiiat State and was the only one of a large family that ever came to Illinois so far as known. He went from South Carolina to Tennessee in 1815, and in 1817 came to Illinois, which was then a Territory. He was .accompanied by his wife and three children, the journey being made with a team. They took all their earthly possessions and at noon and night camped by the wayside to rest and cook their meals. John Morse selected a tract of Government land in what is Polk Precinct, Pope County, for his new home and soon became prominent among his fellow-pioneers. He assisted in selecting the route and in laying out the State road between Golconda and Marion, and was active in other public im- provements. He cleared a farm from the wilder- ness and continued his residence in Pope County until after the Mexican War, when he was once more seized with the desire for migration and be- took himself to far-away Texas, removing thither with teams. But he was not pleased with the country after he arrived there, and without even unloading his goods, retraced his steps to Illinois and quietly passed his remaining days here. He was a self-made man, as he had no opportunities for attending school when young, and when he came to Illinois could neither read nor write. But his wife had been more fortunate than he in secur- ing an education and he acquired proflcienc}' in both reading and writing under her instruction. He was a man of earnest piety and was well known in pioneer times as a "Hard-Shell" Baptist [ireacher. The maiden name of his wife was Amelia Buckuer. She was born in South Carolina and died in Pope County, and was the mother of eight sons, all of whom inherited the sturdy physique characteristic of the family; they were six feet or over in height and none of them weighed less than one hundred and seventy-flve pounds. Their fatlier had been a man of powerful form, six feet in height and two hundred and sixty pounds in weight. Samuel Morse, the father of our subject, was seven years old when his parents brought him to Illinois, which was then in all its original wildness, with the exception of a few attempts to cultivate tlie land and some scattered settlements here and there. Almost the entire Teiritory was owned bj' the Government, and Indians iield full sway in north- ern and central Illinois. Mr. Morse grew to a stal- wart manhood amid the invigorating infiuences of pioneer life, and when he entered upon his indepen- dent career as a farmer he secured a tract of Gov- ernment land in what is now Union Precinct and bought other land adjoining, in what is now Polk Precinct, where he built up a home, in which he 18(5 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. resided until liis doatli. lie married Lucinda Slmtnc- barger, a native of Virginia and a daughter of Abram and Mary (Anderson) Sliultlebarger, who came from that State to this in 1818 and were among the early pioneers of this section. The mother of our subject is now living at a venerable age, making lier home with her sons, of whom she has reared eight. The father of our subject was a Democrat until the war broke out, when he identilied himself with the Republicans. He bore an honorable part in public affairs and was Asso- ciate Judge of the county at the time the court house was built. Samuel L. Morse, of this sketch, attended the pioneer schools of Pope County in his boyhood, the first one to which he went being held in a cabin built of small round logs, and the chim- ney was made of stone and wood plastered with earth. The seats, which were made without backs or desks in front, were made by splitting logs and hewing one side smooth, and a plank placed against the side of the wall on sticks inserted in holes bored in the logs served as a writing-desk for the older pupils. A section of log was cut out to admit the light, and oiled paper in lieu of glass was placed over the aperture. Our subject began to assist on the farm as soon as laro'e enough to be of use, and he remained with his parents until he was nineteen years old. At that age he went to Adams County to learn the details of the manufacture of plows and other agricultural implements, and was thus employed until 1862. In that year he volunteered to act as a soldier for the Government, enlisting in Com- pany F, Seventy-eighth Illinois Infantr}'. He served with his regiment until March, 1863, when he was detailed as a pioneer in the Army of the Cumberland. The duty of the pioneer corps was to go in advance of the troops to construct roads, bridges, etc. Our subject continued with the corps to which he had been transferred, and in July, 1864, it was formed into the First United States Veteran Engineers and served as such until Octo- ber, 1865, when it was honorably discharged. Upon retiring from the army Mr. Morse re- turned to Adams County, and in 1875 came thence to Pope County. He bought a tract of land in Union Precinct and has since devoted much time to agricultural [lursuits. He has added to his original purchase and now has two hundred and twent3' acres of land, including that upon which his grandfather lived the first two 3'ears of his residence in Pope County. This land has been in cultivation upwards of ninety years. In 1887 Mr. Mor.«e removed to Golconda, and for three years was in the employ of the Singer Sewing JIachine Company. At the present time he is engaged in buying railway ties. He is, besides attending to his i)rivate business, filling one of the important civic otfices of Golconda, that of MunicipalJudge, to which he was elected in June, 1892, and by his intelligent and capable manner of discharging the functions devolving upon him he is a valuable factor in preserving law and order in the city. For six years he was County Commissioner and he has always used his iutlueuce both as a private citizen and as a public official to promote the best interests of the county-. Mr. Morse cast his first Presidential vote for the immortal Lincoln, and the Republican party has always had in him a firm supporter. Mr. Morse was married September 4, 1859, to Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Eliza (Anderson) Smith and a native of Kentucky. Their home is replete with comfort and is attractive as the centre of a generous hospitality. They have three children living, Josephine, S. Walter and Lucy. ^iSS);*fc.@i__ RS. SARA A. (DUNCAN) POOR, widow of Jasper Newton Poor, is a resident of Vienna, and well known in social circles as an amiable, attractive woman, living in the most beautiful home in the village, planned and built by herself and husband a short time before his death. She is a native of Williamson County, where her parents are still living on the old faim. Her father is one of the substantial farmers of his county, and he has also engaged in business as a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW". 187 general merchant and dealer in tobacco. He and his wife had a family of six children, as follows: Warren Webster, a lawyer at Marion; George Washington, proprietor of a general merchandise store at Lake Creek; James Thomas, who died in infancy; Perrin Wilson, a merchant at Lake Creek; Charles L., at home with iiis parents; and Sara A. The subject of this biography was very well edu- cated in her girlhood, and her advantages at home were such as to cultivate the best traits of her character and develop in her a true womanhood, wliich fitted her for the responsibilities of wedded life, when she was united in marriage with Jasper Newton Poor, September 3, 1882. They were con- genial in their dispositions, and worked together hand in hand in the building of a dwelling that is at once the finest and coziest within the pre- cincts of Vienna, its appointments luxurious, taste- ful and comfortable. Here Mrs. Poor lives with and for her children, Mamie Newton and Grace Duncan, steadily and chcerfullj' pursuing the even tenor of iier way, and not permitting the lives of lier loved ones to be shadowed by her sadness at the loss of one who was a true friend as well as a devoted husband. Jasper N. Poor was a Johnson Count3- boy, born November 5, 1865, a son of Sampson D. Poor, a well-known pioneer of this county, now residing in the city of Metropolis, in Massac County. Samp- son Poor is a native of Tennessee, andcame totliis State when quite young witli his father, traveling hither with a team, their household effects being loaded into a wagon. The grandparents of our sub- ject's husband had but little means with which to enter upon the new life in a comparative wilderness, that was thinly inhabited, and where a great deal of iiard labor was required in clearing a farm be- fore they could realize a competence. They were, however, well able to cope with the ditliculties in- cident to pioneer life, and before they passed away had made a comfortable home and had done their full share"^in developing the county. The father-in-law of our subject lived in John- son County for many years, was married here to Sarah Jane Mount, the daughter of a pioneer family of the county of which she is a native, and after marriage he bought an unimproved farm here. He and his wife began life together in a cabin, and he devoted his energies to clearing his land, and in time made a fine farm of it. He and his help- mate also had to encounter the hardships of front- ier life, and only through sacrifice and persistent industry carried out their plans, and in time had one of the best farms in the neighborhood. They continued to occupy it until 1886, when they re- moved to Metropolis, where they are spending their declining years in the enjoyment of the fruits of their early labors. They were the parents of ten children, as here recorded: Sarah Jane, wife of W. J. Fern, of Tunnel Hill Township; Jasper Newton, oursubject's husband; Sydney Isabel, wife of Lewis H. Frizzell, of Vienna; George Washing- ton, who died in 1887; Mary, wife of Pleasant Bur- ris, of New Grantsburg; Elizabeth Alice, wife of L. G. Simmons, of Metropolis; Benjamin Frank- lin, who died in 1868; Dora Ann and Cora Ann, who died in 1873; and India M., who died in 1877. Jasper N. Poor was the second child born to his parents. He was brought up on a farm, and be- sides doing what work was required of him as of all farmers' boys when not in school, he tended a general merchandise store, of which his father was proprietor. He had a natural tal- ent for business, and this early experience, sec- onded by sound instructions in the principles of business and finance at the Evansville Business College, of which he was a graduate, gave him superior advantages and made him one of the leaders in commercial enterprises in his native county. He lived with his parents until he was twenty-four years old, and then came to Vienna to engage in the mercantile business, associating him- self with C. Colin for the ensuing four years. At the end of that time, in 1884, he entered upon his career as a banker, establishing the Bank of Vienna, which, in the few short years that it was under his control, rose to lie one of the first moneyed institutions in this part of southern Illi- nois. He acquired an enviable reputation as a financier, whose keen insight into money matters seldom found him at fault in making investments, while he combined a progressive policy with cau- tious methods in tlic manaLrement of his bank. 188 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. He was the soul of honor and integrity, and hon- est purpose characterized all his dealings. He met his obligations promptly, and his patrons, many of whom had known him from childhood, trusted liim implicitly, and their confidence was never betrayed. He was absorbed in his business and avoided civic life, although he was thoroughly public-spirited and was prominent and intluential in furthering the progress of the village and county. While he was yet in the full Hush and vigor of a noble manhood, when life was at its brightest and all things seemed well with him, and a happy home and loving wife and children and many friends added to the charm of living, death came to him, and January 25, 1890, his hands and brain were stilled from their labors, and his eyes closed in the sleep thai knows no waking this side of eternity. BlIOMAS J. TALMER is one of the enter- prising and influential farmers of Pope ^^ County, his home estate being located on section 18, township 12, range 6. He uses the most approved modern methods in carrying on his farm, which is a model of thrift and neatness, and on account of its great fertility is considered a most valu.able property. On the place is a fine apple orchard of sixteen acres, which is just be- ginning to bear, and comprises many of the best varieties of this useful fruit grown in this portion of the Slate. There are good farm buildings and a pleasant home residence on the farm, which is kept up in a creditable manner. The subject of this life record is a native of Mississippi, having been born in Panola County, July 30, 1855. His father, William G., was a na- tive of Tennessee, and his mother, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth J. Barnes, was born in the same State. The fatiier was a cabinet-maker by trade, and followed tiiat occupation, together with farming, in Mississippi for a number of years. Coming to Illinois in 18()5, just after the war, he located in Pope County and rented land. He de- parted this life in 1885, leaving a wife and six children to mourn his loss. For twenty years he was numbered among the worthy citizens of this vicinity, and was alwaj's held in the highest es- teem. Until reaching his majority, Thomas J. Palmer, of whom we write, remained with his par- ents, with dutiful love and labor endeavoring as far as possible to lighten the load of care and re- sponsibility resting upon his father's shoulders. He was unfortunately not enabled to attend school very much, but being naturally of an active mind, and having a retentive memory, he availed him- self of such chances of improving himself as were within his reach, and in spite of adverse circum- stances ultimatelj' became a well-informed man on various subjects of general usefulness. In ad- dition to becoming thoroughly acquainted with all the details of an agriculturist, he learned the carpenter's trade. On November 6, 1879, Mr. Palmer was united in marriage with Miss Harriet E. Maynor, who was born in Pope County July 1, 1859, on the same homestead where she now resides. This worthy couple have five living children: Ezra Otto, Jasper Newton, Thomas J., Annie and Suda. The parents are members of the United Baptist Church, and are active in all good works, whether as directly connected with that denomination or in general benevolences. Mr. Palmer is socially a member of Eddyville Lodge No. 615, 1. O. O. F., and in regard to politics, has always cast liis ballot in favor of the Democratic party. -=l^-f^P=- ENN V. TROVILLION, County Clerk of Pope County, is not only one of our most valued civic otiicials, but he is one of our most progressive and successful business men. He is a native of the county, born in Co- lumbus Precinct April 7, 1855. His father, Ed- ward E. Trovillion, was born in Lebanon, Wilson County, Ivy. The grandfather of our subject, James Y. Trcvillian, was a A'irginian Ij}- birth and PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 189 was a son of Edward Trevel3-aa,a native of France, who came to America in Colonial times and located in Virginia. The grandfather of our subject removed from the Old Dominion to Tennessee, and for some years lived in Wilson County, that State. In 1847 he came to Illinois, and locating in Colum- bus Precinct, Pope Countj^, he spent his remaining days there. His wife, who was also born in Vir- ginia and whose maiden name was Elizabeth Mat- tox, likewise died in this county. Edw.ard E. Trovillion passed his boj'hood in his native State and at the age of eighteen enlisted for service in the Mexican AVar. After its close he came to Pope County, secured a tract of land in what is now Columbus Precinct, and built the log house in which our subject was born. Mr. Trovill- ion at once commenced to clear his land and was thus engaged at the breaking out of the CivilAVar. Again he volunteered to serve his country, enlist- ing in Company G, Sixth Illinois Cavalry', his former experience as a soldier making him a valu- able addition to the regiment, and he was commis- sioned First Lieutenant. He displaj-ed high qual- ities as an officer during his term of service, but he was obliged to leave the army, privations and ex- posure undermining his health, and he resigned only to return home to die, as his health contin- ued to fail, and death ensued March 10, 1865. Thus his brave and patriotic spirit was sacrificed on the altar of his country as truly as if he had died on the battle-field. His had been a blameless life and he stood high in the estimation of his fel- low-citizens. He was a preacher in the Baptist Church and was influential in its upbuilding. In politics, he was distinguished as being one of the first Republicans in the countj', and was one of the few to vote for Lincoln in 1860. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Nancy Carr and was boru in Wilson Count}', Teun. By the death of her husband she was left with the care of seven children, and nobl^" did she shoulder her burden. But few acres of her land were cleared, but she superintended its further development and managed the farm with marked ability. She kept her children together until they were able to care for themselves, and still occupies the old farm, surrounded with every evidence of comfort and plenty, the fruits of her early toil. Her father was John Carr, a native of Virginia and a son of Thomas Carr, who was also, il is supposed, a native of the Old Dominion and was probably descended from one Thomas Carr, an Englishman who came to America in 1680 and settled on a grant of land in Virginia that he had secured from the king. The grandfather of our subject was reared and married in Virginia but subsequently went from there to Wilson County, Tenn., where he obtained a large tract of land, which he cultivated by slave labor. He lived to an advanced age and died during the Civil War. Our subject had to begin the battle of life early, but he was fortified by a good home training that inculcated industrious habits as well as honorable principles. As soon as large enough he began to assist on the farm, but his education was by no means neglected, as he attended the district school a part of each year. He was ambitious to secure a higher education, and at the age of twenty entered the High School at Galatiaand was a close student within its walls two years. In the meantime he made his home with a physician and earned his board by doing chores and otherwise making him- self useful. After leaving college he taught school in Saline County, and was so engaged two years. In January, 1878, he entered the emplo}' of Maj. Pierce as clerk at a salary of 125 a month, pa3-ing $15 of it for board. He clerked nearly two years and gained a business experience that has been in- valuable to him, besides receiving many benefits at the hands of Maj. Pierce, for which he will never cease to be grateful. AVhen he left the Major's employ it was to form a partnership with Thomas Baker in the dry-goods business. Three months later Mr. Trovillion received the appointment of Deputy County Clerk and sold his interest in the mercantile business. He continued as Deputy Clerk until 1882, when he was honored by election to the office of Count}' Clerk, to which he was re-elected in 1886 and again in 1890, and is now serving his third term, to the universal sat- isfaction of all concerned, irrespective of party. His genial personality has gained him popularity among his associates, and he is one of the leading 190 PORTRAIT AND i;i( x: ItAlMIICA I, I.'KVIKW. members, of llie following social organizatious: Golcoiula Lodge No. 131, A. F. .1- A. M., and Gol- oonda CliapUT No. 1(12, K. A. IM. "Slv. Troviilion is a fine Ivpo of oui- si'lf-niadc men, and while yet in the prime of life has won for himself a name in business circles as one of the substantial citizens of the county. He started in life with no caiiital, prudently saved his earnings, invested them judiciously and has acquired a handsome property. He has dealt quite exten- sively in real estate and has paid some attention to farming and stock-raising witii good profit. At the present time he owns three hundred and eigh- teen acres of land in Livingston County, Ky., wliicli he devotes to raising corn in large quan- tities. In 1892 he became associated with Charles C. Steyer as owner of the Golconda Roller Flour- ing Mills. These mills are furnished with all modern machinery for the manufacture of flour and have a capacity of one hundred barrels a day, turning out a fine grade of flour, which is alw.ays in demand in the markets. INIr. Troviilion was married in September, 1880, to Miss Maggie Murjjhy, a native of New Orleans. She died August 18, 1889, leaving three children: Madge, Hob and Ralph, the latter two twins. *.^^| Lh:®.h l,i^ fiHOMAS J. IMURRAY, Judge of the Probate f^^^ Court, Johnson County, has already at- i^p/ tained prominence in his profession, al- though a comparatively j'oung man. A native of Saline County, this State, coming of one of its old- est pioneer families, he was born January 1, 18.58. His father, James Murray, was born in Tennessee, December 22, 1806. The grandfather of our sub- ject, also James Murray, was a native of Scotland, who, after coining to America, resided for a while in North Carolina and in Tennessee, and from the latter State came to the Territory of Illinois in 1812, and was one of the first settlers of Saline County. He was also one of the pioneer educators of the Torrilory, having himself 1)0(mi wc^U edu- cated. He became interested in agriculture, se- cured a tract of (Jovernment land and improved a farm, which was his home until his death at a ripe nge. lie was the father of seven children: Abuer, Mark, Anise, Peggy, Sally, James and William. The latter is the only one living, and is eighty-two years of age. The others lived to an average of about seventy years. The father of our subject was six years old when he came to Illinois with his parents. lie was reared and educated in Saline County, and became one of its successful teachers, devoting himself to his profession in the winter seasons, and the re- mainder of the year engaging in agricultural pur- suits. He secured a tract of Government land, on which he located at the time of his first marriage, which united him with Elizabeth Newman, by whom he had nine children, of whom there are five living: Abner, James W., Mark; Nancy L., now Mrs. Samuel Elder; and Sarah, widow of Pleasant Stradley. After her death he married the mother of our subject. He improved a fine farm, and resided npon it until 1876, when he came to Johnson County and bought a farm in Simpson Township, and there his death occurred August 29, 1882. The maiden name of hissecond wife was Susan J. Fletcher. She was born in Saline County, and was a daughter of Wesle3' Fletcher, and widow of Renjamin Rush. She died in 1872, having been the mother of these children: Thomas J., George W., Riley E., Amanda C, Frances E. and Eddie L. In 1876 he was again married, this time to Miss Mariah P)rill, of Johnson County, who is still living. Judge Murra_v received his early education in the public schools of his native count3-. The first school that he attended was taught in a typical pioneer schoolhouse, that was furnished in the most primitive manner, the seats being made of small logs split and hewn smooth on one side, with wooden pins for legs. A board resting on pins against the side of the house served as a desk for the large scholars to write on. The chimne3' was made of earth and sticks, and a rude fireplace heated the schoolroom. Our subject also went to the public schools in this county, after coming here. He determined to enter the legal profession, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 191 studied law with the Hon. P. T. Cli.npraan, and was admitted to the Bar in 1886. lie has risen rapidly to the front, earning first a sound reputa- tion as a keen, clear-headed lawj'er, well grounded in law, and in 1890 winning the honor of election to his present responsible position as Probate .ludge for a period of four j'ears. He is admirably fitted for the office, performing the functions devolving iil)on him with dignity, discretion and unwaver- ing probity, and his decisions are marked by a careful study of the merits of the case, and a pro- found understanding of the laws bearing upon it. The Judge was formerly a Republican, but finding himself in full sympathy with the aims of the Peo- ple's party, he has identified himself with it, and is one of its ablest supporters in this vicinity. In 1884 Judge Murray was united in marriage with Bliss Rhoda E., daughter of Joseph E. and Enda A. Modglin, who is a native of Johnson County. She possesses many fine traits of charac- ter, and the Baptist Church finds in her an earnest member. She presides well over her home, and unites with her husband in making it the seat of a genial, open-handed hospitality. Their little son Roy C(>m[)letes their household. '^ AMES V. TIALCOM, whose war record as a ti'ue soldier with the dearest interests of his countr}' at heart, reflects credit on the State that sent him to the front, is one of the foremost farmers of Johnson County, and the fortunate proprietor of two choice farms, one in Grantsburg Township and one in Cache Township, besides valuable residence property' in the suburbs of Vienna, where he makes his home. Our subject is a native of Tennessee, and a son of Stephen Halcom, a patriotic veteran of the late war, who sacrificed his health for his country's good while helping to fight its battles. Stephen Ilalcom was l)orn in Jackson County, Tenn., and there grew u|i without educational advantages. He became a farmer and rented land to carry on his operations. Hearing favorable reports of tiie cheapness of the land, and of its great fertility, in southern Illinois, he embarked with his few pos- sessions on board a steamboat, his family accom- panying him, and in due season landed at Gol- conda. That was in the year 18.55, and upon his arrival in Pope County he rented a farm, and for a number of years conducted a very good business as a renter. Ho laid by money enough to buj- a farm of his own, although it had been but little improved, and its forty acres had been little cul- tivated. He moved into the small log cabin that stood on the place, and entered with a good will into the hard task that lay before him of develop- ing his land. He worked steadily at his task, but finally' laid down his' work to volunteer for the de- fense of the Government, enlisting December 1, 1863, in Company M, Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry. He remained in the service until after the rebell- ion closed, but he was disabled l)v all that he had endured, and on that account was honorably dis- charged in June, 1865. Tlie most important battle in which he took i)art was that at Eittle Rock, Ark., though he was an actor in several skirmishes with the enemy. His life as a soldier so impaired his health that he has never regained his old- time vigor. A year after his return from the scenes of war he sold his farm, and is now living with his son .James F. Mr. Halcom was married while living in his na- tive Stale to Miss Nancy Curnel, who was also born in Jackson County, Tenn., and her death oc- curred in Tennessee in 1852. He married for his second wife Sarah Baldwin, a native of Henry County, Tenn. He had a family of four children, as follows: Sarah, deceased; James F.; William Clayton, a farmer in Grantsburg Township; and Maria, deceased. The subject of tliis sketch was born in Mont- gomery Count}', Tenn., in 1844, and was the sec- ond child of his father's first marriage. His mother died when he was but eight years old, and to be thus early dejjrived of her kindly and wise guidance was a great loss to him. As soon as large enough he had to make himself useful on the farm, and remained at home engaged in agricul- 192 I'olJI'UArr AM) I'.loCltAI'lllCAL !;k\ik\v. lur.'il pursiiils until lie w:is niiioteeu years old, when lie followed his father's patriotic example and hecame ?. member of the same regiment tiiat he joined, the Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry. Young as he was, he left a wife behind to mourn his de- parture, but while he was away lighting for liis countiy she died. In one of the numerous skir- mishes with the enemy in which he bore a gallant part, the encounter taking place eight miles from Pine llluff, Ark., he was captured, and suffered imprisonment ten montlis and nineteen days at Tyler, Tex. In journeying thither he was marched hundreds of miles over the burning sands in the month of July and August, when every step with blistered feet was agonj'. He had two attacks of sickness, but miraculously recovered in spite of the hard prison fare, which comprised one quart of coarse, unbolted corn meal, in which husks still remained, and a half pound of beef, the latter not always forthcoming, the half-starved prisoners sometimes being three or four days without. Our subject in his desperation planned an escape, but was hunted down by bloodhounds and taken back to his loathsome quarters. May 27,1865, he was exchanged and returned to his regiment, and was finallj^ discharged from the army in Septem- ber following. The strong youth returned home an enfeebled man as the result of what he had passed through, and, saddest of all, the young wife whom he had left to watch for his coming had died while he was languishing in prison, hundreds of miles away. As soon as he had in a measure recovered his health, ]\Ir. Ilalcom resumed farming, renting land for some twelve years in Johnson County for that purpose. Industry, wise economy and practical ability as a farmer gave him a good start, and at the end of that time he bought forty acres of wild land in Grantsburg Township, and building a log cabin upon it for a dwelling, took possession of it, and at once began to clear and till his land. Sell- ing that place, he bought a tract of one hundred and thirty-six acres of unimproved land in the same township, erected a good barn and other necessary buildings, and dwelt upon it one year. He disposed of that place, and the ensuing ten years rented land (ov fanning in riiioii Count}-. At the end of Hint time he lioiiglit a farm in the same count}', which he sold two years later, and put his monej' in a farm in tJrantsburg Township- this county. A year later he sold that and moved to a farm of eighty acres that he bmight in Bloom- field Township. He occupied it two years, sold it. and purchasing a desirable piece of residential property, pleasantly located in the suburbs of Vienna, has lived here since. lie is still, however, identified with the agricultural interests of the county, owing two farms, as before mentioned, and is classed among our successful farmers and business men. In politics, he votes with the Re- publicans, and in all things we know him to be a most loyal and exemplary citizen. His wife and familj' are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he contributes liberally to its sup- port. Mr. Ilalcom had one child li\- his lirsl marriage, Sarah Nancy, who is dead. The maiden name of our subject's present wife was Mary A. Comer. Seven children were born to them: James Mon- roe, a farmer in Grantsburg Township; Mary Madeline, deceased; Stephen Nathaniel, at home: William Edgar, deceased; and Lula Belle, Moses and Le Roy Francis, all at home with their par- ents. ^>-^^-^^<^ l^iOlJERT F. HOOD, of the firm of Francis & L#^ Hood, dealers in groceries, hardware and ag- t4\ fl^ ricultural implements at Vienna, and promi- nent in the business circles of Johnson County, is a native of Mississippi, born in Tippah County July 2, 1856. His father, Robert Hood, was born in Alabama, while his grandfather, James Hood, was born in one of the Carolinas, whence he removed to Alabama, and from there to Tennessee, where he resided until 1862, when he came to Illi- nois. He settled first in Union County, but his last years were spent in this county with his son Robert, his death occurring at the age of eighty- four years. The maiden name of his wife was Mary liowie. She too was a native of one of the Caroli- nas, and died in this county at upwards of eighty years of age. The father of our subject was a lad in his teens when his parents went to Tennessee to live. He married in that State, and then went to Mississippi, where he I'eraained one year. He later returned to his home at Salisbury, where he was engaged in teaming, and for some time he had a contract to furnisii wood to tlie railway'. He continued liis resi- dence at Salisbury, witli the exception of one year in Tippah County, Miss., until 1863, when became to Illinois and located in Union Count}'. At that time there was much cotton raised tiiere, and he operated a cotton gin at Moscow in connection with farming. In 1867 he came to Johnson County and bought a farm nine miles west of Vienna, where he still lives, and is verj' pleasantly situated in the midst of comfort and plenty, resulting from his in- dustry. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Amanda Ferguson, and was a daughter of John Ferguson, was born in East Tennessee. Four chil- dren have blessed their marriage: Ann, Robert F., Mollie and John J. Robert F. Hood was in bis seventli ^'car when his parents brought him to Illinois, lie attended liie public schools of Union and Johnson Counties, and when not in school assisted on the farm. He re- sided with his parents until he was nineteen years old, and then engaged in the sale of sewing-ma- chines for two years. After that he was in the grocery business for a year at Burnside, and then for three years he was employed in farming and in dealing in stock. At the expiration of that time he accepted the position of Deputy Sheriff, and held that office a year. lie next entered the employ of J. S. Bridges and was in his furniture store until 1889, when he formed a partnership with James S. Francis and they have been engaged in business together as indicated in the opening paragraph of this sketch. They have a complete line of groceries and a full supply of hardware and tinware of all kinds, as well as farm implements, and the}' have already built up a sound and exten- sive trade. Mr. Hood was married .January 12, 1890, to Miss Zora Bridges, a native of this county, and a daugh- ter of John S. and Elizabeth Bridges. The}- have established a cozy home, that is the centre of a cheerful and attractive hospitalit}'. Mr. Hood has an excellent reputation as a clear-headed, honorable business man, who is a potent factor in sustaining tiie best interests of the city. He is a leader in PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 205 social circles as a member of the following organ- izations: Moscow Lodge No. 457, A. F. & A. M.; Vienna Lodge No. 67, R. A. M.;and Vienna Lodge No. 248, K. of P. He is active in religious matters as a member of tiie Metbodist Episcopal Cluircli. In his political views, he is a steadfast Republican. ^^ - ^ ] R. KELLEY, Superintendent of Schools at Y Vienna, is a gentleman of broad culture, _^ and of high reputation as a teacher, and is \)^j among the first of his profession in John- son County, of which he is a native. He is a rep- resentative of one of the early picmcer families of the county, and was born November 3, 1851, in Tunnel Hill Township, of which his paternal grand- fallier, P)enjamin Kelley, was an early settler. He had cleared and improved a farm in Tennessee prior to his migration to this State. AVishiug to improve his fortunes, and hearing favorable ac- counts of the fertility- of the soil and taking into account the cheapness of the land in its natural condition, he determined to found here a new home. He loaded his household effects into an ox-wagon and brought his family directlj- to .John- son County. He secured one hundred and sixt^' acres of land in the forest and entered with char- acteristic courage and vigor into his struggle with tiie forces of nature, and he experienced all the vicissitudes of pioneer life, but by hard and unre- mitting labor a fine farm was reclaimed from the wilderness. The grandfather died in .Johnson Coun- ty at a ripe age, and he is remembered and honored as one of the sterling pioneers of this section, wlio lieli)ed to lay the solid foundation of its present pios[)entv. His widow removed to the State of Kansas, and there died at a venerable age. The father of our subject, Leander H. Kelley, is a native of Tennessee. He had but little oppor- tunity to attend school, but he was naturally of an inquiring turn of mind and a good scholar, and succeeded in learning enough to constitute a fair education at the time, and was (jualilicd t(> teach, in which occupation he engaged for a while. He married at the j'outhful age of twenty years, and then left the paternal home with his bride, Rhoda Webb, also from Tennessee, and began farming on a farm that he owned. He devoted his energies to its improvement, and then sold it and bought another in the same township (Tunnel Hill), which he still occupies. lie is an experi- enced, capable farmer, thoroughly understanding the fundamental principles of his calling, and has a well-equipped farm, which he manages so as to obtain an assured income each year. He and his wife were blessed with twelve children: Eva- line, who is living in Tunnel Hill Township; H. R.; Elisha, deceased; W. A., a farmer; John R., a far- mer of Goreville Township; Thomas C, a mission- ary in the South; Alfred, who died in infancy'; Melinda, who married I'^lder I. Smith and is now dead; Mary Jane, wife of John McCormack; lien- jamin P., living on the old homestead; Martha, deceased; and Viola, who died in infancy. The subject of this biographical sketch is the second child of the famil}'. His boyhood was passed on a farm and he earl}' became familiar with hard work. His tastes, however, were in the direction of scholarly pursuits rather than for the calling to which he was reared, and he devoted himself to his books, determined to secure an edu- cation. After leaving the public schools he at- tended school at Carmi a 3' ear, and made such rapid progress in his studies that he was well-fitted to undertake the responsibilities of a teacher, and at the age of nineteen entered upon his professional career. His first school was in his native town- ship and was known as the Webb School, and he has been engaged in teaching most of the time since 1871 in his own neighborhood until the present, his twent}' 3'ears' service so near home attesting strongly his worth as an instructor. His reputation as a thoroughly competent teacher won him the honor of a call to his present important position as Superintendent of the schools at Vi- enna, and he assumed the duties of his new otlice October 3, 1892. He is a progressive educator, keeping well abreast of the times in educational matters, and is well versed in modern methods of instnicliiin. lie is conscientious in his work, earn- 206 POlMHAil' AM) lll(t(;i{AlMll(AI. KK\II':W. est aiici faithful in his teaching and, as he is yet a young man, life lies before him with fair promise of man}' years of usefulness in his chosen sphere of labor as one who is contributing to the eleva- tion of societj' by fostering a love of learning in the minds of the j-outh of to-dii}' and the citizens of to-morrow. Our subject's happiness and well-being were materially enhanced by his marriage, in 1883, with Miss Allie Siimpter, of White County. Four children gladden their home: William Otto, Goldie Irene, Bessie Ma^- and Raoul Homer. WIAMES ready, M. 1)., of (iolconda, lias won his way to an honorable position in his profession, and is classed among the most successful ph}'sicians of Pope County. A native of Lancaster County, Pa., he was born April 10, 1830, a son of Patrick and INIary Ready. He was but two years old when his mother died, and at the age of nine years he was left an orphan by the death of his father. They were at that time residing in Carroll County, Ky., and the lad so sadly bereft of his natural protectors was taken into the family of Joseph Craig, a farmer of that county, with whom he remained until 1848. A studious, thoughtful j'outh, ambitious to secure an education, during that time he took advantage of every opportunity to attend school. There were then no free schools, but each family had to pay according to the number of scholars sent. In 1848 our subject came Northward to Jit. Vernon, Ind., where he learned the trade of a cooper. In 1851, he went back to Kentuck}', and engaged at his trade at Paducah, spending all his spare time in study. In 1853, he came to Gol- conda,and the same year turned his attention to the study of medicine. His means were limited, but his was a resolute character and success was assured to one so determined to succeed. He was indus- trious, and by working hard day-times he obtained money enough to complete his medical education, having kept up in his reading at night, and he at- tended two courses of lectures in the Cincinnati Medical College. He finally established himself in the drug business, but he was so frequently called upon to prescribe, that in 1870 he sold his drug business, and has since devoted himself solely to his professional duties. He has control of a large practice, and his patients find in him a care- ful, intelligent and considerate ph^-sician, who is skillful in combating disease in its various forms, and his personal qualities have gained him a warm place in the hearts of many who have become his friends. The Doctor was first married in 1862, to Miss Elizabeth J. McCoy, a native of Golconda, and a daughter of Dr. George and Mary A. McCoy. Her death occurred in 1882. Five children were born of that marriage: George, Augusta A., Alice, Arthur and Grace. George, the eldest child, died at the age of twenty-two. The maiden name of our subject's present wife was Elizabeth Suther- land, and she is a native of Golconda. One child, Ruth, has blessed her union with the Doctor. I l^,ILLIAM HENRY GILLIAM is prominent \rJ// in the social, literary and political circles W^ of Johnson County as the talented editor and proprietor of the Vienna Weekly Times, which, under his business-like and judicious management, is a newspaper of the highest merit, and is classed among the leading journals of the southern section of the State, Our subject is a native of Weakley County, Tenn., and was born December 1, 1856. His father, Thomas II. Gilliam, who was a prosper- ous and well-known farmer of Burnsidc Township, was born in Dinwiddle Countj', Va., and was reared and married in his native State, Sarah E., a daugh- ter of Thomas Hill, and a Virginian by birth, be- coming his wife. It is supposed that the paternal grandfather of our subject passed his entire life in A'irgiuia. The father of our subject left his early home while yet a young man, first settling in Gib- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 20? son County, Tenn., whence lie removed to Henry County, and from there to AATeaklej- County, both in Tennessee. He resided in the latter county' some years, but finally moved Northward as far as Calloway' Count3', K}'., and in 1862 came thence to .Johnson Countj'. He bought a tract of land in what is now Burnside Township, developed it into a fine farm, and was actively engaged in agricul- tural pursuits until his death, which occurred November 18, 1892, at the age of sixty-two years. The village of Ozark is located on his farm. The wife of his earl}- manhood, whose cheerful and ready help at all times was such an aid to him in the upbuilding of a home, has also passed away, closing her eyes in death in January, 1889. The subject of this sketch was six j'ears old when his parents brought him to Illinois. He attended the district school in his bo3'hood, and subsequently became a student atEwing College, where his record for good scholarship was high. At the age of nine- teen he commenced teaching, confining his labors in that line to the winter seasons. AVhen not teach- ing or attending school, he worked on his father's farm. A few months were spent as clerk in the postoffiee at New Burnside, and also in the Circuit Clerk's office, while in 1882 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of the couuty, and served in that capacity, and in the office of the Circuit Clerk, un- til 1885, gaining then a clear insight into public affairs that has been of benefit to him since he en- tered the editorial field in that year. He then bought a half interest in the Weekly Times, with G. W. Ballance as partner. In October, 1886, he bought the latter's share of the paper, and has since been sole editor and proprietor. This is an admir- ablj- conducted paper, a bright and healthy family journal, keeping its patrons well informed on all matters of general concern, and influential in fos- tering the business interests of the village and county and all enterprises that will in any wa}' promote their growth. Mr. Gilliam has a job-print- ing office, which he operates in connection with his newspaper work, and has plent}- of business in that line. He is a young man of considerable force of character, combined with pleasant social traits that m.ake him a good comrade and a steadfast friend. He is a thorough Hepublicau in his polit- ical sympathies, and his jjapcr is a valuable ally of the part}- in disseminating its principles. Frater- nally, our subject is a member of Vesta Lodge No. 340, 1. 0. O. F.; and of Vienna Encampment No. 53. Mr. Gilliam was married at X'ienna in .Tunc, 1890, to Miss Dimple Perkins, a native of Howard County, Mo., and a daughter of Henry Stewart Perkins, deceased. The}' have established a cheery, lios|)ltable home, which is further brightened by the little son th.at h.as been born to them, and wliom they have named Frank. ^1' AMES E. LANE, of the firm of Lane it Mc Gown, proprietors of the People's Roller ^^, , Flour Mill, at Golconda, has a well-earned ^^fJ reputation as an alert and sagacious busi- ness man, who is contributing his quota to the ad- vancement of the commercial interests of Pope Count3^ He was born in Obion County, Teuu., December 29, 1845. His father was Granville Lane, who was engaged in flat-boating on the Mississippi River, and died in March, 1846, while on one of his trips. His wife, whose maiden name was Emma Settles, and who was a native of Tennessee, was thus left a widow in limited circumstances, with six children to care for. She bravely bore the burden, but she had been an invalid for a number of years and could not do for them as she would wish to do. In the year 1851 she re- moved to Missouri in the hope of bettering her condition, and lived there until August, 1854, when she came to Illinois and passed her remaining days in Pope County. The subject of this sketch was nine years old when he came to this State with his mother, and young as he was, he was of great help to her, and as soon as large enough, he began to earn his own living, and faithfully assisted in the support of his mother. Having to begin the struggle for ex- istence thus early in life, he had but little oppor- i'(»i;'i'i;.\i T AND I!1()(;i;ai'iii(ai, ;\ ii:\v. tuiiitv to utlciul scliodi, lull ki'|il liii>y :U (liircreiil kinds uf (Mii|)loyinent. Ilo wii.sbut nlKiy when the w;ir broke out, but |iati-ioli.sni was strong vvitliin liim, aiul at tlie age of seventeen, July 5, 1HU3, he enlisted in the United State Navy as first class bo3' for one j'ear, and in that trying position, by bis promptness and readiness to obey all orders however ditlicult, he received the confidence of his superiors, and was promoted to be ordinary seaman, lie served on the gunboat "nrilliant," No. 18 of the Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland River Heel, until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when he was honorably discharged. After his retirement from the navy, IMr. Lane eonimeneed to learn the trade of a miller, and was engaged at it as a journeyman for a time, opera- ting mills in different places, and in 1882 he went to Menna to take charge of a mill there. That mill had previously been a failure, but having had a good experience in running mills, and being thoroughly proficient at his trade, besides posses- sing excellent business qualifications, he succeeded in establishing it on a paying basis. He continued in its management until 1881, when he returned to Golconda and purchased the mill in which he had learned his trade, paying part cash for it. lie was successful in the operation of that mill, and had it nearly paid for when it was burned, April 11, 1887, entailing a loss of *7,500, including stock, and with no insurauce. Mr. Lane had to start anew, and he went to work with a good will to retrieve his fallen fortunes, being greatly en- couraged and strengthened in his task by the as- sistance afforded him by the citizens of Golconda. The present mill is a commodious frame structure, furnished with the best of modern machinery for the manufacture of Hour, and it turns out sixty barrels a day when working at its full capacity, the flour being of a high grade and commanding a good market. In 1888 Mr. Lane sold a half in- terest in the mill to his present partner, Thomas McGown, and they aic doing an extensive busi- ness. January 19, 1871, Mr. Lane was united in mar- riage to Mary E. Hancock, daughter of William F. and ALaiT A. (Paisley) Hancock, and a native of Pope Count3^ They are very pleasantly situated in their home life, and have two children, .lames II. and Mary lunil^'. Mr. Lane enjoys the good- will and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and is an all-round good man, who has made the best of his circumstances and raised himself to an hononibic position. He is sound in politics, and stands witli the Democrats. €E^SDl>'^i^I PKANCIS M. HAZEL, a farmer of much en- ; terprise and business ability, who has a well-ordered farm on section 12, Grants- burg Township, and is also interested in the lum- ber trade at this point, comes of sturd3' pioneer stock, and is a native of Pope County, born on the old family homestead August 2, 18.59. His father was Alfred M. Hazel, who was born in Tennessee, and in the opening years of manhood came to Illi- nois with his father. The paternal grandfather of our subject settled in Pope County in the earl}' years of its settle- ment, coming hither by team through the inter- vening wilderness. He was a poor man, but made the best of his opportunities. He entered land from the Government, and the typical pioneer log house that he erected to shelter his family was his home the remainder of his days, and is still stand- ing on the premises. The father of our subject was brought up on a farm, and was of great assistance to his father in clearing his land and felling magnificent forest trees of primeval growth, that would now be almost priceless, and burning them to get them out of the way. He lived with his parents until his mar- riage to Martha Ellis, a native of Illinois, and then he moved onto some land that he entered in Pope County, and entered vigorously into the pioneer task of preparing it for cultivation. He subsequently removed to a farm on the so-called "Hog-eye Tract," and afterwards took up his resi- dence on what is now known as the Simmons Farm. He improved that, laboring hard to cany out his plans, and made it his home for thirt}' years. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 209 Then selling that place, he bought a little farm of fort}' acres ou section 12, Grautsbufg Township. Four j-ears later he disposed of that farm and re- tired from active business, living with his children until liis death in July, 1886, and all that was mortal of liim was laid to rest in the Hazel grave- yard. Tlie mother died in 1888, and was buried in Jlorris graveyard. Tlie father was twice mar- ried. His first wife bore him one child, Mary .lane, wife of Hamilton Triplett, of Panther Val- ley, IMo. His second marriage was to Vienna Dixon, and twelve children were born to them, of whom these four are living: Alfred Tliomas, a farmer in Jolinson County; Green W., a farmer in Pope County; Francis M; and Ruan,a resident of Pope County. The subject of tliis sketcli was reared to agricul- tural pursuits, and earl}' became familiar with every kind of farm labor. He attended the com- mon schools, but his education was necessarilj' limited, as he had but few advantages. He has, liowevcr,in a great measure, made up for his early deficiencies, experience, observation and reading teaching him much, and he is a well-informed man, having a practical knowledge of all things pertaining to business, etc. He remained at home until he was eighteen j^ears of age, and then began life on his own account, working on a farm and in the timber. For two years he did not make much headway, but his prospects brightened the third j'ear, and he contrived to lay up money the ensuing three 3'ears. At the end of that time he went to farming for liimself, investing in a farm of one liundred and forty acres, which was but lit- tle improved, but his well-directed and untiring labors have wrought a great change, and it is now in a fine condition. He has increased its area from time to time, buying first twenty acres addi- tional, then ten acres, and then twenty acres, and it now comprises one hundred and ninety acres of good land. Mr. Hazel's attention is by no means confined to farming; he has branched out in other directions, and is interested in various enterprises. He is en- gaged to quite an extent in buying standing tim- ber, employing a number of men to cut it, and he is part owner of a sawmill, from which he derives a good income. He is a live business man, and is quick to take advantage of all opportunities for making money by legitimate trade, his sagacity, keen foresight and native shrewdness carrying him successfully through any undertaking. A type of our self-made, self-educated men, he has developed into a good citizen, who is interested in all that pertains to the welfare of tlie commu- nity, and in public spirit is second to none of iiis neighbors. Ap[)reciating the value of education, he is giving las children a chance to train tlie brain as well as the hands, by sending tiiem to good schools. Our subject owes mucli to the clieerful co-opei'a- tion of his estimable wife, who was formerly' Miss Ellen Morris, and was born on her father's farm in Johnson County. Her parents are both de- ceased. Her mother was from Tennessee, while her father was born in Illinois, and was a son of one of the earlj* pioneer families. Mr. and Mrs. Hazel have had six children, as follows: Martha Jane, who lives at home; Ida Viola, deceased; Marj' L., at home; Clement D., at home; a ciiild that died in infancj'; and Lillie, wlio died at the age of two j'ears. ylLLIAM MOORE, a grocer at Vienna, is a native-born son of Johnson County, and is one of her successful business men, who has made his way from poverty to a well-assured financial position solelj' through his pusii and energy in tlie management of his affairs. He was born in Eloomfield Township, Januarj' 24, 1857, a son of John P. Moore, a patriotic soldier of the late war, who sacrificed his life for his country. The father of our subject was born in Davidson County, Tenn., and was a son of Andrew Moore, who was a farmer of that State, and, so far as known, spent his entire life in Davidson County, he being a descendant of one of the early pioneer families of Tennessee. John Moore was a young man wiien lie came to Illinois to cast in iiis lot 210 roiiiii.M r AM) niocK.vi'iiicAL i;i:\ ii;\v. with the pioneers of Johnson County. He bought a tract of timber land, and erected a log cabin for himself and his young wife, and in that iiunible abode their eldest son, of whom we write, was born. It was a primitive affair. The boards for the roof were split by liand and held in place by poles, and boards split by hand were used for tiie floor and doors; in fact, no sawed lumber entered into tiie construction of the building. The chimney was made of clay and sticks. Mr. Moore worked diligently to clear his land and place it under cultivation, but he finally laid aside his labors at the call of a higher duty, and in 1802 enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Tvventietli Illinois Infantr}-. He served with fidelity a year and a-lialf, and was then honorably discharged on ac- count of disability. He returned home, but never recovered his health, remaining an invalid until his death in 1873, thus surrendering his life for the Union, for which he had so bravely fought. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary S. Braden, and who is thought to have been a native of Ten- nessee, survived him until February 10, 1889, and then she too passed awa)'. They were the parents of six children: William, Sarah, Lucy, Nancy, John and Henry. The subject of this biograpiiical review being the eldest of the family had to shoulder the burdens of life early, as his father went to war when he was very young. He had but little op- portunit}' to attend school, and his education has been mostly gained by experience and observation. The good mother was ever active in the interests of her home and children, and for some time they were neatly clad in home-spun, the work of her deft hands in carding, spinning and weaving. In tlie meantime Mr. Moore bought forty acres of land, and in 1882 sold his crop and stock, and with the proceeds completed the payment, and then traded his land for an interest in a liver}' stable in Vienna. Later, in the same year, he exchanged his interest in the stable for a stock of groceries at Metropolis estimated to be worth 1300. He removed the groceries to Vienna, and renting a small room, began his successful career. He now carries a large stock and commands a first-class trade. He is recognized as a thoroughlj- honest and trustworthy business man, whose word is as good as a bond, and his fellow-citizens bear him in great respect. In his political symp.ithies he is with the Repul)licans. Religiously, both he and his estimable wife are consistent members of the Congregational Church. The marriage of Mr. Moore witli Miss Nancy J. J5oardman, who was born near Jonesboro, Union County, was solemnized July 7, 1878. It has been hallowed to them by the birth of three children: Ernest, Myrtle and Teddie. E^^ >^EORGE A. CROW, County Judge of Pope County, early displayed fine aliilities as a lawyer, has risen rapidlj' in his profession, and is distinguished as being one of the youngest members of the judiciary presiding over the courts of southern Illinois. This is his native State, and he was born on a farm nine miles from Metropolis, in Massac Count}', March 17, 1860. He is a son of Jacob W. Crow, of whom an extensive sketch appears elsewhere in this work. His boyhood days being passed on a farm, our subject had to assist in its labors as soon as old enough to be of use. His education was not neg- lected, however, and the blight, ambitious lad made the best of his opportunities to attend school. At the age of nineteen he began to teach, and taught seven terms in the winter and one term in the summer. In the meantime he was fitting himself for the legal profession, for which he had a decided taste, and so well did he employ his spare time in the study of law that he was ad- mitted to the Bar in 1884. He at once commenced practice at Golconda, and has resided here ever since. His success was assured from the start, and his natural gifts soon brought him to the front among the most talented members of the Bar. In 1886, after scarcely' two j-ears' experience before the courts, he was elected Count}- Judge, and in 1890 he was re-elected to this responsible position. He fills the office with becoming dignity, and his PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 2n decisions are mariced by an accurate knowledge of the law as bearing on each case tried before him, by sound common sense, and by a keen sense of justice. Tlie Judge cast his first vote for Garfield in 1880, and lias been a stanch supporter of the princi[ilcs of the Republican party ever since. So- cially, he is a member of Golconda Lodge No. 292, r. o. o. F. Judge Crow was married October 10, 1883, to Miss Flora Hemphill, a native of Pope County. She was born five miles south of Golconda, and is a daughter of Samuel D. Hemphill, a pioneer of the count}'. Tlie Judge and his amiable wife are people of high social standing, friendl}', courteous and considerate in their relations with all with whom the}' come in contact, and in their home they welcome the coming or speed the parting- guest witli genuine tact and perfect hospitality. The Judge and wife are members of the Presbyte- rian Church, in which he is an Elder. Vf? EWIS G. JONES was born in Roane County, I (^ Tenn., September 24, 1837. He is a son of jlLA'^ John Jones, who was born in Washington County, Tenn., in 1810. The latter was a son of Lewis Jones, who removed to Tennessee, it is be- lieved, from Virginia. He followed farming most of his life in Tennessee, where he died at an ad- vanced age. He reared a large family, of whom John was one of the older sons. John Jones mar- ried Isabella Raulston, of Tennessee, daughter of Moses Raulston, who came from Ireland, and who was a finished scholar. His wife was Mary Denn}', of Tennessee, who was left alone with five small children, all of whom she reared. Lewis G. Jones is one of eighteen children, five of whom died in infancy, and only six of whom arrived at adult age. William was a volunteer in the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, and was killed in battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, the same day on which Gen. McPherson was killed. The [larents of Lewis G. came to Illinois in 1858 with their team, leaving him and his elder sister in Tennessee. He came on in the fall of 1865, and his sister came in 1876. Lewis G. Jones vol- unteered to defend the Bag of his country in March, 1862, joining the Fifth Tennessee Infantry, and serving as a private soldier all the time he was in the army. He was in some of the princi- pal battles of the war, Chickamauga and Resaca, and in the entire Atlanta campaign, back with Gen. Thomas in pursuit of food to Nashville, at F"t. Fislier, Ft. Anderson, and at Wilmington, N. C. He was married first in 1856, to Louisa Phillips, who bore him five sons and one daughter, and who died in Illinois in 1869, in her thirt}'- fifth year. Three of the sons died in infancy. The children she left at the time of her death were Samuel A., who died when twenty-seven years of age, leaving a widow and two sons; William I., who died when seventeen years of age, and Isa- belle, wife of Turner Miller, a farmer of Tunnel Hill Township. Mr. Jones was married the sec- ond time, July 16, 1871, to Miss Sarah E. Stroud, daughter of J. C. and Mary (Adams) Stroud. Our subject removed from Tennessee to Illinois with his ox-team, being thirty days en route. He had but little means, and was at the time an in- valid, and had been from the time he came out of the army, where he had lung fever, and was gen- erally broken down. He settled first in Goreville Township, on an eighty-acre farm belonging to his mother. His first farm in Illinois consisted of eighty acres, now a part of his present farm of one hundred and nineteen acres. Mr. Jones was Treasurer of the Township Board and a Commis- sioner. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' fra- ternity, and has since the war voted the Republi- can ticket principall}'. He carries on for the most part general fanning, growing mostly wheat and corn, and keeps a few horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. He and his present wife buried one son, Oscar, at four years of age. They have six chil- dren living, viz: Viola, a j'oung lady at home; Verrazanna, a young man at home; Cordelia, a young lady in school; Jesse C, a rugged farmer boy; Philip Sheridan and Mary E. AVhile Mr. and Mrs. Jones themselves had but limited educa- tion tlioy SCO tlie benefit of it, and are doing what 212 POR'J'RAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. they can to educate their cliildi'cn. Tliey.iro botli meiiibers of the Cumlierland rrcsb3'teri,an Cliiucli. The fatlier of Mrs Jones was a soldier in the War of tiie Rebellion. UGII II. HICKS was iM.rn in Hickman Y County, Tcnn., forty niiU's fioni N.asliville, in 181(). His father, William Hicks, who was born in Virginia in 1771, was a fanner and a carpenter, and was married to a Miss Bees- ley, of Tennessee, who died in Hickman County, Tenn.. in llSH). She l)ore him nine children, of whom Hugh II. w.as the youngest. After her death the children were soon scattered among the neighbors, and Hugh H. had practically no educa- tion. He grew up accustomed to farm labor, and earned his own living from the time he was seven years old. He had for a time a good home with a kind old couple, whom he left to go to his father again in Weaklc}' County, Tenn. There his father had a farm, and when Hugh II. was sixteen years of age he ran this farm one year alone. His father died in Henry County, Tenn., aged scvcnt\--two years. Hugh II. Hicks was married in AVeakle}- County, Tenn., when in his eighteenth j^ear, to Miss Eliza- beth Pirtle, a native of Stewart County, Tonn. born in Ma}', 1812. He lived for some ten years on a claim of two hundred acres, when, on account of sickness and the death of his children, he sold his imi)rovcments for 1*400, and removed to Will- iamson Count}', 111., near his present home, arriv- ing March 15, 1846. He drove through all the way with two yoke of oxen and four horses, the latter following and being led. The family then living consisted of one little son. He bought an improved farm for $300, and some deeded land, which, at the end of seven years, he sold for S468 at auction, when he removed to Arkansas, remain- ing there one year. Then returning to Illinois he bought one hundred acres of land, and after a time bouirlit one hundred and seven acres more. On Mils land ho lived until 18G(i,when he sold out and went tu Kansas, lemaiuing there, in Saline County, for fifteen days, after which he returned to .Johnson County, III., to a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Goreville Township. He now has one hundred and twenty-one acres, which he bought in 1880. Our subject and his estimable wife have had three sons and four daughters, all of whom died except one son, Hugh H. Two died in infancy, and the others .it different ages. James F. was a volunteer in the Thirty-first Illinois Infan- try in 18G3, under Capt. Robinson, and died soon afterward of measles, in his twenty-second year, leaving a wife and one son. The surviving son, Hugh H., carries on his own little farm, and is also in compan}' with his father. He married Eliza- beth Barringer, and they have buried three infant sons, and have three daughters, viz: Ella, wife of George Neel}', a farmer of Williamson County; Ollie, a 3'oung lad}' at home who has taught school; and Nola, a young lady of seventeen, at home. Mr. Hicks is a Republican in politics, but was formerly a Whig, having cast his first Presi- dential vote for Henry Clay. He has been a very healthy and rugged man, and has done a vast amount of hard work, and is still strong and hearty and is working every day. He has no rec- ollection of ever having been sick or ailing in any way, showing that his manner of life has been as nearly in accordance with nature's laws as it is possible for a man to live. I OB ROY RIDEXHOWER, who occupies the if responsible ollice of Sheriff of Johnson \\\ County, is a fine type of the native-born sons of this section of southern Illinois, who are taking a leading part in conducting its various interests and are also identified with its public life. Our subject is classed among its ca- pable, cnterprisinii' vounii farmers, and he owns PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 213 and superintends a part of the farm in Vienna Township that formerly belonged to his father, Harris Monroe Rideuhower, Sr., a native of North Carolina, who was the most prominent man of his time in the earh' daj'S of the settlement of this county, and of whom an extended account appears elsewhere in this work in the sketch of Harris M. Ridenliower,.Jr. Our subject was the eighth child of his parents, and was born April 14, 1861, on the old farm in Gorevillc Township, then occupied by his parents, and where his mother now makes her home. The |)aternal grandfather of our subject was a German 1)3' birth, who came to this countrj^ and settled in North Carolina, where he pursued his trade as a tanner until he died. The father of our subject was instructed in the same trade bj" his father. He was married in Rowan County, his native State, to Lavinia Miller, who was born in that count}-, and in 1845 he and his wife set out to traverse the intervening mountains and wilder- ness between their old home and Illinois in a one- horse carryall, taking with them their household effects and personal property. Thej' took up their abode in a lonel}^ log cabin in Union Countv, and he divided his time between farming and teaching. He was a man of fine mental endowments, although he was mainly self-educated, but he had studied to a good purpose, and had a good command of both Englisli and German, as well as a practical knowl- edge of matliematics and other branches, and he had a wide reputation as a pioneer educator in the sparsel}^ settled country where he lived. He often taught a long distance from home, and his brave 3'oung wife would be left in solitude for days and nights, the onl^- noise to break the silence when darkness reigned being the howling of the wolves outside of the little dwelling, and the occasional cry of a panther. In 1857 Mr. Ridenhower, our subject's father, disposed of his place in Union Count3% and coming to Johnson Count}', entered a tract of land in what is now Goreville Township, and here they commenced to build another home. In 186.3 that farm was sold to George Gibson, and another parti}' improved was bought two and one-fourth miles soutlieast of Vienna, upon which the father of our subject spent the remainder of his life, dy- ing in 1869. The mother continued to live upon this farm until 1883, when she was married to George Gibson, the purchaser of her former home in Goreville Township, and went back to preside over it again. By her marriage with Mr. Riden- hower she became the mother of the following children, nine in number: Otto Lebref, who sacri- ficed his life for his countr3' during the late war, having contracted measles while in the arm3', and returning home to Johnson Count3', died shortl3^ after; Peninna Ardanissa, who died in .Johnson Count3'; Erastus Kimber, a farmer and teacher, re- siding in Hamilton Count}', Tex.; Mary Ann, wife of W. A. Snow, a farmer of Vienna Townshii); Harris Monroe, Jr., a resident of Vienna; Carrie Levina, who graduated at Carbondale with high honors, and subsequently died in the midst of a successful career as a teacher; Addie May, wife of Alvis Berry, a teacher and farmer in Saline County; Rob Roy; and Fleta, wife of James Gibson, a farmer of Goreville Township. Our subject's b03'hood was spent on the farm which was his birthplace, and as he was but seven years old when his father died he had to help his mother as he was large enough to be of use in do- ing the heavy farm work, or his share of it. He remained with her until she married again, when he began farming for himself,still remaining, how- ever, on the old homestead, a part of whicli he owns, and which he still makes his home, except when he is engaged at his official work in Vienna. He keeps his farm up to a high standard of culti- vation, and has a neat and well-ordered place, from which he derives a good income by careful and thrifty management. AVhen he began life for himself in 1883, our subject also took another important step by his marriage to Miss Alice Carter, a native of Johnson County, of which her parents, who were from Tennessee, were early settlers, her father still liv- ing in the county, while her mother is dead. Mr. and Mrs. Ridenhower have had three children, of whom Rob Ro}', Jr., is the onl}' survivor. The others were Lotta Lavina and a child that died in infanc3'. Our subject was brought up a Republican, but, 21 1 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. tiiiding himself of reueiit yciirs inoris in S3'in|)atliy Willi the People's party, lie has transferred his al- legiance to it, and is an enthusiastic advocate of its principles. In 1890 he w.as made the candidate of his party for the important otlice of County Slieriff, and was triumphantly elected. He pos- sesses fine (lualifications for the position, whose functions he performs in a manner highly credita- ble to himself and pleasing to his constituency, always placing duty above personal interests, and a('ting with tact, discrimination and firmness. He is genial and open-hearted, and, tliougli he may have incurred the enmit3- of some, he has man}' strong friends. ^.^^^ ARTIN A. HANKINS, of Vienna Town- ship, .Johnson Count}', won a good mili- tary record while fighting for the Union during the late war, and has since proved an equally valuable citizen in his capacity as farmer and stock dealer and as a competent, stirring business man. He was born February 7, 1845, in Kentucky, the third of the ten children of Cheston Hankins and his good wife. The father of our subject carried on farming in Kentuck}- until 1857, when he emigrated to Illinois with his wife and their five children. He bought a partly improved farm of eighty acres in INIassac Count}', and in the cabin that stood on the place he and his famih' began life in their new home. Fifteen years later he sold that property and purchased another farm three miles distant, which is still in possession of the family, and there he and his wife spent their remaining years, he dying in 1865, and she twenty years afterward. The}' had the follow- ing children: William, who died .young; Rhoda Ann, who died at the age of thirty-four in Massac County; Martin A.; Wilson I)., who liveson theold homestead in Massac County; .Jesse, who died on the home farm; Reuben, who died young; Sarah, wife of Benjamin Leach, of Metropolis; Xaney .1., who died in Mass.ac County; David, living on our subject's farm; Logan, who died at Metropolis; and Ellen, who died on the old homestead. The subject of tiiis brief biographical review ob- tained a fair education in the common schools an earnings, and leaving Evansville, where he had been at work, he with his mother came to Vienna, where, after working at his trade a short time, he bought Mr. Perkins' tinshop. He formed a part- nership with his brother-in-law, Mich.ael Knaebel, and they were conducting a satisfactory business, when our subject was obliged to sell his interest to his partner, as his wife was out of health and her pln'sician advised a change of climate. Hi' took her to Frederickstown, Mo., where he estali- lished himself at his trade. The removal to other scenes did not have the desired eflfecton his wife's health, and death soon ended her sufferings, April 1), 1888, and her bod}' was brought back to John- son County and tenderly laid to rest in its native soil. Her maiden name was Jidia Dwyer, and her parents were from Ireland. Her mother is living, but her father is dead. Her marriage with our subject was solemnized August 13, 1885. After the death of his wife Mr. Bengert sold out his business in Missouri, and returning to Vienna, bought his present establishment, of which he is sole proprietor. He carries a complete stock of stoves and tinware, and also has a full line of gro- ceries, and coMimands a in'olilable trade, having PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 221 liis share of the patronage in the village and county, as he is a good salesman and Lis custom- ers are sure of good treatment and satisfaction at liis hands. Mr. Bengert occupies an important po- sition in social circles in the village as leader of the band, which under his guidance has become one of the best musical organizations in the county. He has a decided talent for music, and with but little instruction has attained wonderful proficiency in the art by close application to the study of its principles. <*^^IIOMAS M. HOWELL, a worthy represent- iu^\ *^'^^ ^^ ^^^ grand army of veterans who V^/ fought so nobl5^ for the honor of the Old Flag during the late war, comes of the sturdy- pio- neer stock that settled Johnson County. He is a native of its soil, and is identified with the indus- trious, thriftj' farmers who are conducting its agriculture, his farm and home being pleasantly situated on the southeast quarter of section 9, Grantsburg Township. This farm, which his father hewed out from the forests, is also his birthplace. Our subject is a son of A. D. Howell, who was born and brought up on a Kentucky farm. When tiie grandfather of our subject was an elderly man he decided to settle upon the rich river bot- toms of Missouri, and started for his destination with teams, accompanied by his wife, six sons and three daughters. On the journey he was taken sick and died, which was a severe blow to the family, who scai'cely knew what to do. The trip to Missouri was abandoned, and the}' decided to settle in soutliern Illinois, near where they were stopping. The boys entered land, and the father of our subject thus secured eighty acres. He built a typical pioneer log cabin, and shortly after being married to Miss Dulcina Poor, took posses- sion of that liumble abode with his bride. They were without money with which to begin their ni'w hie, but they were full of courage and hope, U and worked well together in the upbuilding of a home. The land, being heavily covered with a forest growth, had to be cleared and most of the timber burned. Mr. Howell made good headway against the difficulties that beset his pathway, placed his land under good cultivation, built a better house, and just had things arranged more comfortably and was ready to enjoy life more at his ease, when death called him hence. His wife survived him ten years and then passed away, and was buried by his side in Grantsburg Ceme- tery, on the land that he had bought, and where he had made a home. He and his wife had sev- eral children, of whom five are living: Thomas M.; John W., who resides on a part of the old homestead; James, a farmer in Grantsburg Town- ship; S. P., who also resides in Grantsburg Town- ship; and Missouri, wife of Louis Walker. Pleas- ant and Sarah died on the old place. Thomas M. Howell was the second child born to his parents. He had to work on his father's farm when a boy and had but very little oppor- tunity to go to school, not even enough to ac- quire the rudiments of learning, and he did not learn to read until after he was nineteen years old, while he was in the army. Although unlettered and poor, he had a brave and loyal heart that beat with true patriotic love for his country, and at tlie youtliful age mentioned he volunteered to help fight her battles when rebellion threatened the Union. His name was enrolled as a member of Company I, One Hundred and Twentieth Illi- nois Infantry, and he went with his regiment to Camp Butler, thence to Memphis, and from there to Vicksburg, where he bore his part right gal- lantly in the siege and conquest of that city, as well as in numerous other engagements with the enemy while at the front. After the affair at Guntown Mr. Howell was taken violently sick from being over-heated, and was sent to the sol- diers' home at Memphis to convalesce. He had good care, or otherwise his long illness of twelve months might have resulted differently. He re- ceived his discharge papers nearly a month before the rest of his regiment, and left the army after three long and weary years of hard service. Our subject returned home after his discharge, 222 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. intending to rc-enlist, but sickness in the fainil}- made it necessary to abandon all thoughts of tak- ing up a soldier's life again, as his duty seemed to demand his presence here. He took up his la- bors on the old homestead once more, and lived upon it until his marriage with Miss Mollie Hen- derson, a native of Nortli Carolina, who came here when she was twelve years old with her mo- ther and two uncles. Her union with our sub- ject has been blessed to them bj- the birth of seven children, namely: Cora, wife of James Thomas, of Grantsburg Township; Ida, Hosella, Stella, Frank, Fleet}', and Augusta, who died in infancy. After his marriage our subject took his bride to live in a house that he had built on a tract of sixty acres of land that his father liad given him. Seven years later he bought one hundred and tliirty-three acres of laud, partly improved, a mile and a-half north of his other place, and after liv- ing on that thirteen years purchased sixty acres of the land originally entered by his grandfather, and he is now successfully engaged in its cultiva- tion and in raising a good class of stock. Here he and his famil}' have a cozy, hospitable home, and he and his good wife live in the enjoyment of the esteem due to their worth. li^c^^ai EOF. JOHN S. SPEAR, Principal of the 111 Golconda^ public schools, is a teacher of rare merit, and is deservedly classed among the leading educators of southern Illinois. He comes of fine old Revolutionary stock and was born at Alton, in this Slate, October 7, 1855. His father, Louis P. Spear, was born in Jefferson Town- ship, Richland County, Oliio, and was a son of AVilliam Spear, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and he in turn was a son of one Duncan Spear, who was born in the North of Ireland. He came to America in Colonial times, accompanied by two brothers, and all fought in the Revolution in the interests of the Colonies. Duncan Spear's brothers fell in liattle, and he was the only one left to rear a family. After the war he settled in Penns3-1- vania, and there died at a ripe age. The grandfather of our subject, the only son of Duncan Spear, moved to Canada in 3'oung man- hood and located on land that he bought near Kingston. But he did not cease to be loyal to his native country and showed his devotion to it when the War of 1812 broke out by refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the British Government, though he knew that by refusing to do so his prop- ert3' would be confiscated. He sacrificed his all to his patriotism, and returning to the United States penniless, he enlisted in the service of this Gov- ernment, was commissioned Captain and won a most honorable military record. Later he received a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres for his services, and equipped with that he emi- grated to the wilds of Richland County, Ohio, selected a suitable tract of Government land and built a home in the forests. He was a man of much prominence among his fellow-pioneers, as he pos- sessed a superior education. He taught school and served as Justice, and at the same time super- intended the improvement of his land, which was his dwelling-place until his death. His wife also spent her last years on the home farm in Richland County. She bore the maiden name of Catherine Will, was a native of Pennsylvania and was of German antecedents. She was the mother of twelve children. The father of our subject was educated in his native country, and learning the trade of a car- penter in his youth, he was engaged at that occu- pation a few years. At the age of twenty -one he made his way to St. Louis, where he was eraplo}-ed at his trade for a time, and he also worked at it at Chester, 111., whence he went to Alton, in the same State, to take the position of superintendent of the carpenter shop of the penitentiary, and he acted in that capacit}- until the institution was re- moved to Joliet. He then bought a farm in Greene County and resided thereon until his removal to Bloomington, in 1870, where he now lives retired from active labor. He was married, June 10, 1838, to Lourene S. Stowe, who was born in Alabama, November 17, 1818, a daughter of John and Pam- ela (Lane) Stowe. She was in her second year PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 223 when her parents emigrated to Illinois, in 1820, and settled in Madison County. The parents of our subject Lave lived together fifty-four ^-ears in an uuusuall3- long and happj' wedded life, and both are in the enjoyment of good health. They have reared seven children to useful and honorable lives and they no^? have their homes in sis different States. They are William L., Harvey V., Stephen L., Charles E., Walter E., John S. and Kate C. The subject of this biographical review has spent the greater part of his life in Illinois. His early education was conducted in the public schools of Greene County, and was completed b3" a thorough course of study in the fine State Normal School at Normal, 111. For a time he taught and attended school alternately, his teaching being confined to the schools of McLean Count}- until 1885. That year he went to Kansas, took up his residence at Kendall, Hamilton Count}^ and was elected Prin- cipal of the schools in that cit}'. He held that po- sition one 3'ear, and in 1886 was appointed County Clerk. At that time there was a contest in that count}' over the permanent location of the county seat, and feeling ran so high that the contest ripened into one of the most bitter wars of the kind ever known in the States. Our subject sided witli the "Kendallites." of course, and as his party was finally defeated his office was taken from him in conse(pience. After his retirement from office, Prof. Spear spent some tune in traveling in New Mexico, Ari- zona and Colorado, whence he returned Northward to Boone County, Neb., where he accepted the ap- pointment of Principal of tiie schools at Peters- burgh, and retained that office until 1891. Return- ing home then on a visit, he was called to Golconda to take charge of the schools of this city, and has ever since presided over them. He is an honest and enthusiastic worker in his profession, is pos- sessed of much executive abilit}^ and under his administration the public schools of Golconda are accorded high rank among the schools of this part of the State. Prof. Spear was married in 1890, to Miss Kittie Bradv, a native of McLean Count}' and a daughter of .lames and Catherine Brady. One child, Mary Estelle, has hallowed their happy wedded life. Our subject is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church and is identified with all movements to promote the highest interests of the community. In politics, he is a Republican. He has held pub- lic office, as before mentioned, and while a resi- dent of McLean County served as Township Col- lector several terms. He is a member of Normal Lodge No. 673, A. F. & A. M. RS. MARGARET BRADFORD is the widow |i of the late Sidney C. Bradford, who was born in Maryland September 8, 1829, and died December 25, 1885. His father, Avery Bradford, removed from Maryland to Indi- ana about 18.34, with his wife and family. A few }ears later he came to southern Illinois, and there resided until his death, which occurred August 7, 1848, when he was forty-three years old. He left a wife and six children, three sons and three daughters. His wife was Mary Phillips, of Mary- land, born ia 1810, and who died in 1854. Of their six children, Sidney C. was the first-born. All have died but one, Nancy Jane, wife of Clark Cruzen. Sidney C. was reared to agriculture and had but limited educational facilities. He was, however, a studious youth, and in his inaturer years a con- stant reader. At the age of twenty-four, on March 29, 1853, he married Miss Margaret Breeze, the ceremony being performed at the home of the bride in Jefferson County, 111., by the Rev. John A. Williams, a Christian minister. The father of Mrs. Bradford was Richard Breeze, of Orange County, Ind.,and her mother was Louisa Gaston, of Jefl'er- son County, III., the former born in 1811. The latter, who was born in 1815, died in 1850, leaving eight children, one son and seven daughters, of whom Sirs. Bradford was the first-born. The father of Mrs. Bradford was twice married, his second wife being Eliza Gaston, a relative of his first wife. By her he had two children, a son and a daughter. The grandfather of Mrs. Bradford was Robert Breeze, of North Carolina, who removed from that k 224 roi; TRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. State to Indiana iinfl afterward to Illinois. He be- gan life a ])0or young man and at the time of his death, in Jefferson County, 1 11., when he was eighty- three years old, he left a good estate and eight chil- dren. His wife was Margaret Cappel. The father of Mrs. Bradford accompanied his parents to (Jraiid Prairie, Jefferson County, 111., October 11, 1827, when he was sixteen years old. He was reared to labor on his father's farm and was familiar with the hardships of pioneer life. By indus- try and economy he acquired a good property and home. He was an exemplary member of the Christian Church for many j'cars, and lived in ac- cordance with the Golden Rule. At his death he was mourned by all who knew him. His wife survived him some years, and died at the age of eighty. Mrs. Bradford and her luisl)and started in life upon a farm of one hundred acres of Government land, which contained few improvements. On this place they lived for twenty-one years and within a few years after their marriage they built a good frame house. In March, 1874, they removed to the present home of Mrs. Bradford, buying forty acres on the tableland south of New Burnside, and close to the corporate limits. He paid $1,000 for this farm, upon which there was a poor old house, and about fifteen acres cleared. The old farm was not sold, and this forty-acre farm was purchased for the purpose of raising fruit, as Mr. Bradford's tastes were in that direction, llpon this farm he planted orchards of apple, pear, plum, peach, and other trees, and set out numerous kinds of small fruits. Soon afterward he added forty acres to this property. In 1875 and 1876 he erected the present substantial frame house, where he died at the date above mentioned. The union of Mr. and Jlrs. Bradford was not blessed with children, but thej* reared three foster sons and also Jane Bradford, who married Clark Cruzen. Their first foster son was John W. AVhit- tenberg, who has been twice married, and who is a farmer and carpenter in this township. The next was James A. Deason,a farmerof Johnson County, who married Drucilla Vaughn. The third is Eddie E. Horn, whom Mrs. Bradford is now rearing. He came to her at the age of eight, and is now thir- teen years old. Mr. Bradford was drafted into the army at the last call for troops, and was away from his home three months, when he was discharged. Po- litically he was a Republican, and socially was iden- tified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He had been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for thirty-two years, and had served as Steward. Class-leader and Trustee, and was very benevolent, keeping open house for all the pre.ich- ers. Mrs. Bradford resides on her farm and rents the land on shares. In her religious connections she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, .is was her husband, who w.as active in the work as Superintendent of the Sunday-school. i>^^-2(i I'Oin'RAIT AND BIOdRAl'IIK AL REVIEW. name before marriage was Elizabeth Biddle, and she was also born in Fleming County, K3'., a daugh- ter of Stephen Biddle. These worthy people reared a family of ten cliildren. Our subject passed his early life in his native county, and obtained his education in subscription schools, there being no free schools at the time, each family having to pay in proportion to the number of scholars that attended. As his father was poor, his chances of going to school were lim- ited, and while he was yet a boy he had to help support the famil}-. lie came to Illinois with liis parents, and continued to reside with them until he was twenty-three j'ears old, when he commenced to learn the trade of a carpenter, at which he worked until he entered the army. lie also had an interest, with his brother, in a cabinet shop, which he purch.ased in 1861, and which he dis- posed of at the time mentioned. In August of the year 1862, Mr. Harris settled up his affairs, and laid aside his work to go to the front with the brave boys in blue to help save the Union from destruction. He became a member of Company I, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and did his share of fighting in the var- ious engagements with the rebels in which his reg- iment bore an active part. He was present at the siege of Vicksburg, and assisted in its capture. Af- ter that notable event, his regiment was employed in guarding railways and in fighting bushwhackers. In October, 1861, our subject fell into the hands of the Confederates, and had an unpleasant ex- perience of life in rebel prisons at Meriden (Miss.) and Cahaba. From the latter place he was trans- ferred to Vicksburg, and with many others was paroled. These soldiers took passage on three steamers for St. Louis, and on the voyage the en- gine of one of the boats exploded, and all on board were lost. Our subject arrived at home safel3' at last, and did not rejoin his regiment, iis his health was much impaired by what he had undergone. As soon as he was able after his discharge from the service, Mr. Burris resumed business in the cabinet shop in which he had formerly been inter- ested, having a share of the profits as before. Two ycai-s afterward he sold his interest in the shop, and in 1869 settled on the farm where he now re- sides, and has since devoted himself to its im- provement. It comprises one hundred and twenty acres, of which ninety are under a high state of tillage, and the substantial buildings that stand on tlie place rank witli the best in the township. ]\Ir. Burris was first married November 13, 1853, to Nancy M., daugliter of James and Maiy Gris- son, and a native of this county. She passed away in Jauuar}', 1862. Two children by that marriage are living: Pleasant G. and Thomas R. Mr. Burris was married a second time, November 12, 1865. Mildred Stockdale becoming his wife. She is a native of Fleming Count}', Ky., and a daughter of James and Mary Stockdale. There are six chil- dren living by this union: Arthur, Edith, MoUie, Fannie, Albert and Ethel. Edith is a teacher in the public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Burris are conscientious, upright Christian people, and the United Baptist Church finds in them two of its most helpful members. Mr. Burris is connected with the Grand Army of the Republic as a member of Vienna Post No. 221, and in politics he votes with the Republican party. iiHOMAS COLLIER is a meml)er of one of the early pioneer families of Pope County, and owns a valuable farm of one hundred and twenty acres on section 5, township 12, range 7. He was born in this county in 1824, and is a son of John Collier, who was born in North Carolina in 1761, and well remembered man}- scenes in the Revolutionary War. The latter was a son of John Collier, who was of Irish descent, and was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. He had a family of seven sons, to whom he left a large property in plantations and slaves. Our subject's father was first married to a Miss Dees, by whom he had two children. They emi- grated to Illinois at a very early day, prohabl}' in the year 1810, coining b\' boat down the Cumber- land River. His first wife having died, Mr. Collier PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 227 was married in 1818 to Miss Elizabeth Pitcliford, tbeii- union being celebrated in this portion of the Territory of Illinois. To them were born four sons, two of whom died in Missouri in 1821, in which State the family were living at the time. The\- spent about one year there, but found from sad experience tiiat it was a ver}* sickl}- region, as four members of the family — our subject's two brothers, a half-brother and their maternal grandmother — all departed this life there. When Mr. Collier re- moved to Missouri from Illinois, he took with him a small drove of hogs, which were allowed to run wild in the woods. One of them wore a bell, and at one time was so scared by a black bear that she swam across the Mississippi River, making her way back lo the former home in Illinois, a distance of eight\-five miles. When the family returned the\- were astonished to find her on the old homestead, as tiiey supposed she had been eaten by the bears. Our subject's parents died on the old farm in this county, which was, however, not really theirs, as no land could be bought at that early day. Thej' settled within the six mile square reserved for the prospecting lead miners, but no laud was sold in tills region until our subject was some twenty-two years of age. The father died in 1833, aged sev- ent3'-two 3'ears, hi» wife dying four years later. Tliomas Collier was practically without any edu- cational advantages, though he attended the sub- scription school of that period for a few weeks, learning to spell and read a little. He has alwa3''s worked at farming, and on the death of his mother resided with an older brother, David, who was married and settled in life. In 1861 our subject wedded Mrs. Margaret Hogg, «ee Vaughn, and widow of Lewis Hogg. Her parents, Joseph and Keziah (Derman) Vaughn, were from Tennessee, but Mrs. Collier was born in this county, Ma}' 28, 1834. She was first married at the age of eighteen years, and had five children by that union, three of whom are living: Keziah, wife of William N. Wagner, a farmer of this neighborhood; Aquilla, wife of Nathan Goldsby, who is engaged in farm- ing near Ilarrisburg; and Francis, who is also a farmer of this township. To Mr. and Mrs. Collier were born eleven children, five sons and six daugh- ters, three of whom died in infanc3^ Mary C, wife of Green Van Bibber, died in March, 1892, at the age of thirty years, leaving six children. The living members of the family are as follows: David, a farmer near the old homestead, who is engaged in carrying on the place formerh' owned by his grandfather, and who has a wife and four children; Aseneth, widow of John Asbell, who has two bright sons and is living at home with her father; James, who is engaged in farming a por- tion of our subject's homestead; and John W., also farming a portion of the old home place. Mr. Collier served as School Director in this neighborhood for fourteen years, and for many years he and his worthy wife have been members of the United Baptist Church. Our subject is a stanch Republican and fought bravely to preserve the I'nion, having been a private soldier in the One Hundred and Thirt^'-first Illinois Infantry, in which he served from August, 1862, to January, 1864. He was sick and in the hospital much of the time, in consequence of which he took part in no battles. He is now one of the worthy pen- sioners of LTncle Sam. ^ILEY SIMJIONS, a retired farmer living in Vienna, was born in what is now Simp- son Township September 23, 1837, and represents one of the pioneer families of Johnson Count3^ His father, who bore the same name as himself, was born in Bertie County, N. C, Septem- ber 24, 1801, and was a son of Thomas Simmons, who is supposed to have been a native of the same State. During some period of his life he removed to Tennessee, and came thence to Illinois, and his last years were spent in this countj'. His wife bore the maiden name of Mary Ann Walker. The father of our subject was 3'oung when his parents removed to Tennessee, and he grew up there amid primitive scenes, and was married to Mary A., a daughter of Hezekiah Erving. She was born December 11, 1802, and died on the home farm in Blooomfield April 11, 1869. 228 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Mr. Simmons migrated from Tennessee to Mis- souri witli his famil3- in 1832, and resided in that .State until 1836, when he came to Johnson County, accompanied by his wife and the five children that had previously been born to them, the entire journey being made with teams. He settled in what is now Grantsburg Township, buy- ing a tract of Government land, and building the log house in which our subject was subsequently born. In 185.5 he sold that place, after making many valuable improvements, and Irom that time resided in what is now Bloomfield Township until his death, in January', 18C7. Wiley Simmons, of whom we write, is one of a family of eight children, and his boyhood was passed amid pioneer scenes on the old farm where he was born. Johnson County was then in a wild and sparsely settled condition, .and he may be said to have grown with its growth, and it may be bis pride that he has helped to develop its rich agricultural resources. In his early da3-s the peo- [)le were mostly honie-livers, obtaining their food from the fertile soil and from the wild game, such as deer, turkeys, etc., that abounded in this region before it was much settled. Their clothing was the product of the skill of the mothers, wives and sisters of the pioneers in carding, spinning and weaving wool and tlax. There were no railw.iys, and all travel was with horses or oxen, or on foot, over rough roads or no roads at all. Our subject under these influences grew up to be a stalwart, self-helpful man, and adopted the calling of a farmer, to which he had been bred. He lived with his parents until he was twenty- two, assisting in the management of the farm, and then, a few months after marriage, he took the entire charge of it, having it under his control, and residing on it until 18(J5, when he bought land in Tunnel Hill Township. He dwelt upon that place several years, but in 1888 ho rented the farm very advantageously, and has since made his home in Vienna. Mr. Simmons was married April 10, 1859, to Miss Mary McGown, in whom he has found a lov- ing and true helpmate. Mrs. Simmons was born in Williamson County March 18, 1841, a daugh- ter of Lewis and Sarah McGown. Her marriage with our subject has been hallowed to them by the birth of four children: Cazal, Mary J., Letha A. and Mai'garet C. Cazal married Mahala Benson, and they have six children. Mary married R. M. Jack- son, and they have three children. Margaret married Ad Hooker, and they have one child. Letha is at home with her parents, and is their stay in their declining j'cars. The family is well known and greatly respected, and all arc members in high standing of the Presbyterian Church. W ILLIAM J. I1KRR1^'G is the owner of a good farm, having within its boundaries ne hundred and thirty .acres, of. which seventy-five are tilled and sown to corn, wheat, oats and hay. The homestead is located in town- ship 11, range 7, Pope County, to which he came in the fall of 1851. He was born in Wales in 1816, being the son of Joseph Herring, a native of the same place, his birth having occurred in 1782. He spent his entire life in his native land, djing when about seventy-five j'ears of age. His wife, who was in her girlhood Miss Ann Power, bore him a family of eleven children, of whom seven sons and two daughters lived to manhood and womanhood. Of the four who are now surviving, William J., of this sketch, is one. A brother resides in N'ancou- ver's Island, and John and David are in Colorado. In the spring of 1851 Mr. Herring left his na- tive land, coming to America with his wife and one son, William J., Jr. The voyage was made in an Epglish sailing-vessel of the old Allen Simp- son Line, in command of Capt. Lee. Tl'e\- were upon the briny deep for five weeks, starting from Cardiff, Wales,and landing in Xew York City, from which place they soon removed to I'ittstown, in Pennsylvania. There Mr. Herring worked in the coal mines for about six months, then crossing the Alleghany Mountains on the railroad and proceed- ing down the Ohio from Pittsburgh to Elizabeth- town, came Westward to Illinois. He was pos- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 229 sessed of a few dollars, which he had earned in the mines of his native land. The country was very wild, and houses were built of logs ' rudely put together. He first purchased in this county a tract of forty acres at 81.25 per acre, and after some years purchased another piece of land of forty acres, since which time he has added still an- other tract of fifty acres, tlius making one hundred and thirty in all. Our subject is a progressive and enterprising farmer, and his place is well stocked with horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. In politics, Mr. Herring is a Democrat, .and for over fifty-five years has been a member of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows. Both he and his wife are members of the Presb^'terian Church, being active workers and zealous in the cause. They have but one son, William J., Jr., but have eight grandchildren, in whom they take great pride and interest. Mr. Herring is thoroughly deserving of the success which has crowned his years of toil and brought to him a comfortable home and a secure competence for his declining days, for he has always been one who has not been afraid of hard and honest labor. ]^+^[ '^i OHN R. BROWN. We are always glad to accord a place in all records and accounts of the worthy pioneers to the brave sol- diers of the late war, who, in addition to having dfme so much for the count3' in which they made their home, have deserved a place in the history of their country, for which they dared and suffered untold privations and hardships on the field of battle. The subject of this sketch remained with his parents until nearly twenty years of age, when he enlisted in the Union arm^' at Elizabeth- town, 111., being commissioned First Lieutenant of Company F, One Hundred and Thirtj'-first Illinois Infantr}', when only twent3'-one years of age. The dale of his enlistment was November 13, 1862, when he enlisted for a three-years term of service, the call for troops being made by Gov. Yates. Mr. Brown was honorabl3' discharged from service at Paducah, September 16, 1863, on account of poor health. He returned to hishome,and durino the remainder of his life suffered greatly from dis- ease contracted and the exposure incident to life in the army. Mr. Brown was born in Hardin County-, this State, August 2, 1841. The mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Morris, was born in old Virginia, while his father w.as a native of Mobile, Ala. Our sub- ject attended the common schools, where he re- ceived his elementary education, and later entered Hewitt & Twinham's Business College, from which he received a good recommendation and a diploma. Before going to the arm3' he attended school at Elizabethtown, paying for his tuition b}^ drivino-a horse in a taubark mill, for which he received ten cents a da}'. In 1863 he engaged in the mercan- tile business, carrying on a general store in Colum- bus until 1880, at which time he sold the business and continued to reside here nntil his death, Oc- tober 30, 1884. Our subject was twice married, his first union being with Ourilla Sehuhart, June 2, 1868. She was called from this life January 1, 1874, and Mr. Brown chose for his second wife Miss Maggie Ru- ble, to whom he was married January 21, 1877. Mrs. Brown was born in this county September 23, 1856. Her mother was likewise a native of Illi- nois, but her father was born in the Buckeye State. Since her husband's death Mrs. Brown has carried on the Brown Hotel, in the village of Columiius and in that hospitable hostelry the weary traveler always finds a pleasant resting-place and a cheer- ful welcome. The genial landlady is known far and wide as the proprietor of one of the best hotels of southern Illinois. On April 2, 1885, she was appointed Postmistress at Columbus, the office be- ing known as Brownfield, named in her honor. She has held that responsible position up to the present time, and is a thoroughly capable business woman. She is the owner of twenty-one lots in Clark's Addition to Columbus, and also owns sev- eral houses in the village, which she rents, besides a store building and her hotel. Mr. Brown left two children, George IL, a son by his first union, and John R., born May 1, 1879, the child of the second 230 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. union. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Cumber- lanil Presbyterian Cliureh, and in social circles has always occupied an enviable position in the esteem of all. Ilcr husband was a stanch Republican, and the boys in blue wore particularly dcir to him. •^^1 t3' ■m \^^ ^|OSKPlI t'.\VILLIAM.S,a progressive fanner of Pope County, 111., is a native of Muhlen- berg Count}', Kj'., and the date of his birth March .5, 18i;3. His father, Samuel Will- iams, was a North Carolinian, born in 1791, and his grandfather, James Williams, was also from that State. The latter moved with his family to Iventucky and died on a farm in that State at the age of sixtj'-five years, having reared a family of three sons and three daughters, of whom Samuel J. was the second son. The latter married Mary Woodis, of Muhlenberg County, Ky., and together they settled on a farm and tilled the soil until about 1850, when they sold out in that Stale and moved to Hardin County, 111., making the journey of one hundred miles with two yoke of oxen and covered wagons, their family at that time consist- ing of five children. Like most of the early set- tlers of the Prairie State thej' came with small means, and after renting land for some years bought their first home, in 1854, a tract of forty acres, on which some slight improvement had been made, pacing for the same the sum of i^200, and on this land they made their permanent home, afterward adding to their original purchase until they had a tract of one hundred and sixtj' acres. The father died in 1856, at the age of sixty years, leaving a widow and six children. Their first- born, Richard W., died at twenty-one years of age. James F. died in 1869 at the age of thirty years, leaving a familj'. He was a volunteer in Com- pany A, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, was wounded at Ft. Donelson and taken prisoner. After being kept in "durance vile" for about two months he with three others managed to escape but was retaken b}' the enein}-. He again suc- ceeded in escaping and this time reached the Tennessee River, which he swam, and after some two or three weeks reached the Union lines. This was late in the spring of 1862, and during this time he suffered innumerable hardships, being at one time chased by bloodhounds. This experi- ence and his exposure were the causes of bis death. Sarah Ann, the wife of Benjamin Bramlett, a far- mer of Hardin County, is now about sixty years of age. Joseph C. is the subject of this sketch. Sam- uel .Jackson is a farmer of Hardin Count\'. .Mary E., the wife of fleorge W. Cowsert, died in August. 1891. Ili'iir}- L. resides at Shetlervillc, Hardin County, 111. Joseph C. Williams spent his youth on the home farm, and prior to leaving home, at the age of nineteen years, he obtnined but little schooling. He enlisted in Company B, Eighteentli Illinois In- fantry, with which he served three years, at the end of which time he re-enlisted and served faith- fully for a period of one year in the same company in which his brother served, and like him proved a trusty, valiant and useful soldier. During the four years he was in the army he was alw.ays found ready for duty, with the exception of about six weeks when he was ill. He was first under fire at Ft. Donelson, next at the bloody battle of Shiloh and then at Vicksburg. He participated in the capture of Spanish Fort and Ft. Blakely and was in various skirmishes but was not wounded. He returned home .as strong and sound in health as most of the boj's in blue, and is now a remarkal)ly active, energetic and healthy man, weighing one hundred and ninet}' pounds. Our subject was married March 28, 1869, in Hardin Countj', 111., to Laura Hutchison, daughter of Floyd and Mary (Langdon) Hutchison, she be- ing a native of Pen-}' Count}', Ind., in which State her parents were married December 8, 1850. They first farmed on rented land for nearh' three years, but their first purchase of fortj' acres they afterward sold and bought one hundred and sixty acres for ^800, for which the}' went in debt. Tliev later sold this property and bought one hundred and fort}' acres in 1875, on which they resided un- til 1892, when they sold the place at a good profit. Their present farm now comprises one hundred PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 231 and eiglitj-- acres, the purchase price of which was ¥1,500, one hundred acres being under cultivation and the rest good timber land. Mr. Williams does general farming and believes in the rota- tion of crops. He keeps about five farm horses and also cattle, sheep and hogs, marketing some of them each yeai, and of the latter sells about thirty annually. He and his wife buried two sons and a daughter in infancy and have the following living children: Lieunette, wife of James Shield, who re- sides with her parents and has a little daughter; I^mer^" F., Blanche, Clvde J. and Rollin H. Mr. Williams is a Republican and has served as Consta- ble of his precinct for three 3'ears. He is a mem- ber of Post No. 56.5, G. A. R., of Elizabethtown, and he and his intelligent and amiable wife are members of the Christian Church, and hold a prominent position in the social circles of their communitv. PERRIS TROVILLION owns a well-im- ; proved and fertile farm, comprising one . hundred and twenty acres, on section 31, township 13, range 6, Pope County. His pater- nal grandfather removed to Illinois about the year 1835, purchasing land in this county and here making his home for over half a century. The various members of his family and their de- scendants have long been considered among the best citizens and worthy men in this portion of the State, in whatever walk of life the}' have been found. Ferris Trovillion is a native of Pope County, his birth having occurred August 26, 1851. He is the son of Elijah and Nancy T. (Carr) Tro- villion, both of whom were born in the same part of Tennessee. The former, who was born in 1826, was the son of James Y. and Betsey Ann Tro- villion, the father a native of the Old Dominion, and the mother of Tennessee. Our subject's mo- ther was born May 6, 1821, and was a daughter of John Carr, also of an old Virginian family, his wife being in her girlhood days Miss Elizabeth Horsley, of the same State. They both dei)arted this life in Tennessee at the age of eighty-two years. Grandfather Trovillion was called to his final rest in 1878, being then over seventy-five years of age. Our subject's father emigrated with his parents to Illinois about the year 1835, and was in the Mexican War from beginning to end. He purchased land and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, being also a teacher in dif- ferent parts of southern Illinois. He was married January 10, 1849, and had a family of seven chil- dren. During the Civil War he enlisted at Gol- conda, in November, 1862, in Company G, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, being commissioned First Lieuten- ant. He was obliged to resign on account of bad health, being honorably discharged at Columbus, Ky., in Ma}', 1863. Soon after his return to Illi- nois he was called to the home beyond March 10, 1865. The subject of this sketch passed his boyhood days and youth on his father's farm, and being early left with much of the responsibility and care of the homestead upon his shoulders, he was not enabled to acquire much of an education, but has amply atoned for the early lack of privileges in this direction b\' wisel3^-selected reading and a critical observation of everything coming beneath his notice. So well did he improve such oppor- tunities as he had, that from 1869 to 1872 he taught school in the county with very fair suc- cess. He has always resided on the farm where he first saw the light of day, and after his mar- riage purchased the interest of the other heirs, now being in entire possession of the place, which comprises one hundred and twenty acres on sec- tion 31. He has developed into a skillful and thrifty agriculturist, the evidences of his indus- try and wise supervision being shown on every hand. At the age of thirt\'-two j'ears Mr. Trovillion concluded to become a Benedict, and it was in accordance with that resolve that on Ma\' 30, 1883, he wedded Miss Carrie Clanahan, who was born August 16, 1859, in Pope County. Her fa- ther was a native of South Carolina, while her mother was born in Tennessee. They both re- 232 I'OHTlJArr AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. moved to Illinois, where the\- first formed an ac- qnaintancc and were married. For a number of years they resided on a farm, which the\' liave latelj' sold, and are now making their liomc in (iolconda. To our worthy subject and his estima- ble wife was born a family of five children, three of whom are living. The record is as follows: Maud, who was born May 111, 1884; Edna, .Jan- uary 24, 188{); Mary, August 23, 1891; Lcla, born March 9, 1888, and who died .luly ;>, of the- same year; and Don, wliose birth occurred June 24, 1889, and who departed this life September 22, 1892. Mr. Trovillion is liberal in his relig- ious views and is not connected with any denom- ination, though his wife is a consistent member of the C'uml)erland Presb^'terian Church. He has served as School Director for several terms, and always voles the straight Republican ticket. \||0I1N LOGAN CUMMINS is an intelligent, wide-awake farmer, and a native of Jolin- son County, who is carrying on his occupa- "^fj tion on the old homestead on section 3(), Grautsburg Township, where he was born, and which is now his propert}^ His father was Samuel A. Cummins, who was born and roared in Ken- tucky. He left his native State in the vigor of earl}' manhood, ambitious to enjoy the advant.ages offered by the cheap lands and rich virgin soil of the more newly settled State of Illinois. He was accompanied by others, and the little comjiany purchased a flat-boat, in which they placed their earthly possessions, and pushing from the shore, commenced their momentous journey, propelling their craft with poles. A man on each side of the boat at the bow would put one end of his pole in the bottom of the river, and holding the other against his shoulder, would then walk to the stern of the boat, pushing as he went, and in that man- ner the adventurers literally pushed themselves into a new country, arriving at their destination some time in 184.'). 'i'hey found southern Illinois an unreclaimed wilderness, with only a few scat- tered settlements, with scarcely any schools (ir churches or other signs of advancing civilization. Mr. Cummins first selected a site near the pres- ent town of Temple Hill, Pope County, and build- ing a cabin of logs, commenced the life of a pio- neer, suffering from the privations and sacrifices incidental to establishing a foothold in a frontier settlement. Three years later he came to Johnson County and chose a fairly good tract of land for his future home. He worked with characteristic energy to transform it into a farm, and in due time had it in an excellent condition. He erected a set of very good buildings, which were unfort- unately destroyed by fire, and he replaced them as he was able, and the same buildings are occupied by his son, of whom we write. Among other im- provements he planted an orchard of seven acres, which has since yielded fruit to bless his memory. He was obliged to destro}" much fine timber when he was clearing his land, deadening the trees, and then burning them to get them out of the way. He met with more than ordinary success in his un- dertakings, and was one of the solid men of the county, accumulating a handsome jiroperty, and at one time owning over seven hundred acres of land. He was a self-educated man, acquiring a good practical knowledge of things without much assistance from the schools, and was able to attend to business transactions with good judgment and dispatch. He was one of the most useful and en- ergetic of the pioneers who settled in this count}-, and the great changes that he witnessed in its de- velopment from a wilderness to a well-improved country vverc partly brought about by his untir- ing industry. He died April 28, 1883, and three years later, in the month of January, the brave partner of his labors and of his joys and sorrows followed him to his last resting-place among the dead. The following are the twelve children born unto them: Washington, who died in childhood; Virginia, who died in Johnson County; Sophia, wife of James Helm, of Samoth, Massac County; Peter A., a farmer at Reevesville; Harriet A., who is living with her brother on the old home place; Cornelia, living at Reevesville; Deborah A., wife PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 233 o( John Kelton, of Paducab, Ky.; Arminta, wife of Richard P>oyles, of Samoth; John Logan; .Martha and Maiy, twins, who died in infancy; and Idora, wife of Robert Knucitolls, of Metropolis. The subject of this sketch is the ninth child of the family, and the pleasant old homestead where he was born is still his dwelling-place. His edu- cation was conducted in the public schools, and the farm afforded him an ample training ground to become proficient in all branches of agriculture. He assisted his father, remaining an inmate of the [larental household until death removed his father and mother, and he administered upon the estate, subsequently purchasing the homestead of fifty-six acres, and has alwa\-s lived upon it. It is well tilled, is supplied with all the necessary buildings and app.aratus for conducting farming successfully", and is a valuable piece of property. After his mother's death, which occurred Jan- uary 22, 1885, our subject was married to Miss Sarah Grifitii, who was from Pope Count}', where her people now live. Their cheerful, cozy home is gladdened by the presence of the three children tliat have hallowed their union, and whom they liavc named Ora, Idora Bell and Lucy Ann. Mr. and Mrs. Cummins are exemplary members of the Methodist P^piscopal Cliurch, and earnest workers in tiie Sundaj'-school, and are held in true respect and confidence by the entire community, where they are so well known. J****,^ .j.^.,;..^!- 3^..5..5.^.l^^l.j..5.4.^.| IpVjOBERT M. FISHER, State's Attorney for \l^^ Johnson County, is one of the foremost ^\Y lawyers of southern Illinois, one of the ^^ most important civic functionaries of this section, and a conspicuous figure in its political life. He is a son of the soil, and springs from one of the very earliest pioneer families of this part of the State. His father, William Fisher, was born in this county in 1816. The fatiier of the latter, who bore the same name as himself, was from In- diana and came over the border from that State to Illinois as early as 1810, being one of the first to brave the dangers and privations of frontier life in the wilderness that then prevailed here. This part of the country was then under Terri- torial government, and but few white men had ventured to settle among the Indians and wild animals that then held possession of the forests and prairies. The elder Mr. Fisher was a man of res- olute character, wasstrong, courageous and capable, and his industry was duly rewarded. In dying, he left behind him a noble record as a pioneer far- mer, who had contributed his quota to the develoii- ment of the agricultural resources of the State. The boyhood of the father of our subject was passed in arduous toil on his father's farm, as he was early set to work to clear and break the land, fence it and place it under cultivation. As his parents were poor, he had no chance to attend school. At the age of nineteen, he took upon himself tlie cares and responsibilities of domestic life, marrying Miss Minerva Johnson, who had come to this State from Kentucky with her par- ents. After marriage, he and his young wife com- menced making a home on land which he had bought in the forests. He devoted his energies to felling the timber that cumbered his farm, and had done much toward reclaiming it from its na- tive wildness when the hand of death stayed his labors, December 25, 1844, while he was yet in the flush of early manhood, and the county thus lost the services of one of its most useful citizens, who is worthy of remembrance as one of its honored pioneers, as well as for being one of its lirst-born sons. After the death of the father the mother removed to Massac County, and there died, in Feb- ruary, 1858. Robert M. Fisher, of whom we write, is the only survivor of five children. The others were John, William, Levi and James K. Our subject was born in Johnson County October 10, 1843, and was but a year old when deprived of a father's care. He was reared on a farm and became accus- tomed to hard work when young. He managed to attend the public school occasionally, but the most of his education has been obtained outside of schools. He was ambitious to make the most of life and win a name and place for himself 234- l'()lM'I{AI'r AND P.IOflKAPIIICAL REVIEW. ill one of the professions, and Imving a decided bent toward the Bar, he commenced the study of law with .John F. McCartney, of Mass.ae, and ■ludge IJuff; of Benton, Franklin Count\\ His bright and active mind easily mastered the funda- mental principles of jurisprudence, and he made such rapid progress in his studies that the end of nine niontiis' preparation found him ready for ad- mission to the Bar and he became a member thereof in 1869. He did not, however, enter into active practice until the spring of 1873, when he opened an office at Vienna, where he h.as since made his home, lie had continued his legal stud- ies after being admitted to the Bar, and brought to his professional duties a sound knowledge of common law, a keen, well-trained, analj'tical mind, together with a ready wit and a talent for extem- poraneous speaking that have won him high hon- ors in his profession and have gained him an ex- tensive i)atronage. A man of Mr. Fisher's calibre, influence and high personal standing is necessarily looked to by his fellow-citizens for counsel and aid in public mat- ters and is thus drawn into the civic life for which he is so eminently well qualified in all respects, and he has filled various offices of trust. In 1869 he was elected County Superintendent of Schools, and during the four years that he occupied that position he devoted his energies to the advance- ment of educational facilities in ever}' part of the county. He was elected Police Magistrate, but re- signed after serving three 3'ears, and his next offi- cial post was that of State's Attorney, to which he was elected in 1876 on a non-partisan ticket for a period of four j-ears. In 1888, well satisfied with his first administration of the functions pertaining to that office, the people again made him State's Attorney, and he is still acting in that capacitj'. He has always affiliated with the Republican part3% is an able advocate of its principles and is promi- nent in political circles. He is a gentleman of true courtesy, genial and frank in his manner, and among an extensive aiMjuaintance has gathered many warm friends. Mr. Fisher was first married July 28, 1870, to Miss Mary E. Fisher, a native of Johnson County. Her death occurred August 1, 1887. Five children were born of that marriage: Stella, wife of Will- iam H. Shields, of EldoradoSpiings, Mo.; Lucinda, who livesat Mt. Carroll; AValter A., who died; and George H. and William M., who are at home with their parents. Our subject's second marriage w:is with Mrs. (4. (). Hamilton, widow of R. W. Hamil- ton. She is a native of Williamson County, where her father was a physician of much prominence during his life, having settled there in the town of Bainbridge in 1841. Both he and his wife were of New England birth and breeding, he from Massachusetts and she from Connecticut. She died three years before he did. Mrs. Fisher can trace her ancestry to the branch of the Harrison family to which President Harrison belongs. By their present union Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have one daughter, wlioni thov have named Am\'. m>-^ \iiy "ell informed, considering his environ- ments. He was a cooper by trade and a steamboat man. While yet in the prime and vigor of man- hood his career was brought to an untimely end by his death from cholera at New Orleans during the epidemic of 1854. He had married in his na- tive State Emily Dearborn, who continued to re- side in Ohio until her youngest son, our subject, who was not born until after his father died, was two and a-half years old, and then she concluded to move to Illinois with her family. Coming down the Ohio River to Copeland's Landing, she found a home with her step-father, Nathan Side- well, until her marriage with Alexander Smith. She is now spending her declining years with her son of whom we write, surrounded by every com- fort and tenderly cared for. She was the mother of five sons by her first marriage: Luther, who was born in Ohio and is deceased; Ciiarles M., who was born in Ohio and gave up his life for his country, having enlisted while the war was raging in the One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and dying while in the service; I. E., who was born in Ohio and is now a resident of Johnson County; J. F., a resident of Johnson Count}-, who was born in Ohio; and L. R., our subject. Mr. Henry has passed the most of his life in south- ern Illinois, as he was a little child when he was brought here bj- his mother. He was trained to habits of industry, and when his mother was loft alone bj' the enlistment of her husband and sons he became her mainstay and chief sujiport, boy as he was. This earl}' assumption of the responsibil- ities of life doubtless strengthened his character, and gave him manliness, resolution and self-reli- ance with which to fight its battles. While work- ing for others he could make but little headwa}' towards securing an independence, but after his marriage, in 1871, he set vigorously about the task of building up a home for himself and bride, Sarah Worrell, a native of Johnson County, whose parents are both dead. F'arming was his chosen calling, and in due time he was enabled to buy a tract of timberland on section 13, in the township where he was living (Cache), which he has trans- formed into one of the best farms in this locality, felling and clearing away the forest trees of pri- meval growth that cumbered it, fencing it into 212 roRTKAlT AND P.IoORAPrilCAL REVIEW. convenient fields, which are tilled by a good sj'S- tem of cultivation, and erecting substantial build- ings for all needful purposes. In his work he dis- plays an intelligent comprehension of the funda- mental principles of agriculture, is full of vim and vigor in carrying out his plans for tilling the soil and making improvements, and is regarded as one of the most competent farmers in the precinct. Our subject has been abundantly blessed in his domestic life by a good wife, who has cheerfully co-operated with him in his labors, and by chil- dren, of whom these seven still brighten their home: William ( who married Arista (lurley), Mar}' John M., Annie B., Almeda, Rachel and Thomas Arthur. Death has bereft our subject and his wife of four children. Mr. Ilenrj- is endowed with the characteristics of a true Christian gentleman, who is steadfast in his adheranee to honor and truthfulness, and can be depended upon to follow the right course in the performance of his duties as a man and a citizen. Thus, we find him to be a devoted husband and tender father who has the dearest interests of his wife and children at heart, a kind and considerate neighbor and friend, and in his citizenship favor- ing whatever will raise the standard of morality, religion and education. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and are influential in the good work in which it is engaged. i^+^e ylLLIAM II. MOORE, of the firm of Morris, Moore & Morris, attorneys at Golconda, is a bright and able young lawyer of high professional standing, who is influential in the public and political life of his native count}'. He was born in Alexander Precinct, April 14, 1862, and is a son of Andrew J. INIoore, an enlightened and prosperous farmer of that locality. He was born in IlopkinsviUe, Christian County, Ky. His father wa.s an earl}' settler of that town, and spent liis last years there, engaged at his trade as a car- penter, lie also had a farm, and his son Andrew was reared to agricultural pursuits. He continued to live in his native county until 1859. when he left his old Kentucky home to settle in Illinois, and has since been quite extensively engaged in farming in Alexander Precinct, Pope County, where he now owns two valuable farms, which are conducted after the methods of modern agriculture best adapted to the soil and environments. The improvements are of a substantial order, and everything is well kept up about both places. Jlr. Moore is a man of strong character and progressive ideas, is a firm believer in education, and has given bis children the best advantages possible in that line. His wife was Nanc}- A. Castleman in her maiden days, and was born in Nashville, Tenn., a daughter of William and Maria (Bush) Castleman. The parents of our subject have reared nine chil- dren, as follows: William H., Robert J., Aaron, F. Murray, Joe W., Andrew V., Emma, Grace and John. Robert is a farmer; Aaron, an engineer; while William, Murray and Joe are law3-ers. Our subject laid the foundation of a liberal ed- ucation in the district school, and was afterward sent to select schools in his native county. He was an apt scholar, and at the age of seventeen was well equipped for the vocation of teacher, which he pursued some eight terms. He intended, however, to fit himself for the Bar, and spent his leisure time in reading law. In 1886 he entered the law department of the Weslcj'an University, at Bloomington, and had the benefit of a course of legal studies in that institution. In August, 1886, he was admitted to the Bar, and March 1 formed a partnership with the Hon. T. H. Sheridan, of Golconda, with whom he practiced until October, 1891, when he became a member of the firm com- posed of the Hon. W. S. Morris and his son, W. B. Morris. They have a large clientage, and enjoy an enviable reputation for the successful management of the various cases entrusted to them. In 1888 our subject was united in marriage with Miss Eddie W. White, a native of Christian County, Kj'., and a daughter of Pleasant B. and Margaret (Carey) White. She presides with true grace over their cozy home, which is brightened b}' a little daughter, whom they have named Maggie A. POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 243 Mr. Moore Is one of the active young Republi- cans of Ills county, and is prominent in part}' councils. lie cast his first votcfor James G. Blaine in 1884. In 1888 he was a candidate before the primaries for the office of State's Attorney, but was defeated by the narrow margin of seven votes. He has been delegate to numerous district conven- tions, and has also been Secretary of the Republi- can Count}- Central Committee. His gifts as a lawyer won early recognition, and for four years he was Master in Chancery. Socially, he is a mem- ber of (Solconda Lodge No. 292, I. O. O. F. \^^ AVID W. REEVES, a merchant of Reeves- ji ville, is a live business man, whose energy, sagacity in the management of his affairs, and enterprise have placed him among the lead- ing men of his class in Johnson County. He was born in Jefferson County July 19, 1849. His fa- tlier was Sampson Reeves, who was a native of Licking County, Ky.,and a son of George Reeves, who was a farmer of that State until his removal to Jefferson County, 111., in 1853. He had owned a farm in old Kentucky, but he carried on his occupation on a rented farm after he took up his residence in Jefferson County, where he died at a ripe age in 1877. His wife had preceded him to the grave. Sampson Reeves was twenty-two years of age when lie married and started in life for himself. His bride was Miss Annie B. Dirickson, a native of Ohio, whence her people went to Kentucky to live. When Mr. Reeves entered upon his inde- pendent career he h&d neither land nor money, but he was a good worker and did not lack these traits of character that are necessary to succeed in any walk of life. He first rented land, which he devoted to raising tobacco until 1852, but he did not find that profitable, as the merchants to whom he consigned it failed to pay him, and in that year he came to Illinois with his family, making the removal with wagons. After his arrival in Jeflferson County he farmed as a renter for a few years, and then bought some forty acres of rail- road land, which he improved into a desirable farm. He then sold it at a good price, and pur- chased a place in AV'ashington County. He disposed of that two years later, and his next move was to Duncan County, Mo., where he pursued agriculture on rented land during his residence there of two years. There his wife died and was laid to rest in that soil. Returning to Illinois, he bought town property in Hamilton County, and lived there retired until his death, which occurred in 1887, and his mortal remains now repose not far from his last home. He was the father of ten children, as follows: Angeline, who married G. W. C^uinn and died iu Missouri; Melissa, who died when a child; Matilda, who died in Hamilton County; (ieorge W., who is engaged in the manufacture of lumber at Reevesville; Seth W., a farmer in Ham- ilton County; Daniel A., a merchant of Hamilton County; Francis Marion, who is assisting his brother David W. in his business; David Win- chester; Charles A., who is in partnership with his brother George; and Louisa J., who died in Johnson County while on a visit and was buried in Hamilton County. David Winchester Reeves, of this biographical review, was reared a fai-mer's boy, and, of course, had to make himself useful as soon as old enough to work. He obtained such an education as the public schools afforded, and gave his father his ser- vices until he was twenty -four years old. At that age he took charge of the engine in a sawmill, which he had previously operated eight months. He continued in that employment until he en- tered into partnership with his brother Daniel for the sale of merchandise in Hamilton Countv. They carried on business there six years, and at the end of that time removed to the present site of Reevesville, which then had no existence, and, though on the railway line, had not even a station as a nucleus of a village. But the brothers shrewdly foresaw its importance as a future trade center and were not slow iu taking due advan- tage of such an opportunity. They built a box house, put in a stock of goods and started on their new venture, which li.as proved a great success. 244 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. They were insinniu'iitul in having the town pliil- ted, and, though it was named Wellington, it is usually known as Reevesville, which is the post- oflice name and was conferred in their honor. November 12, 1891, oursubjectboughthis brother's interest in the concern, and has since been sole proprietor. lie carries a line assortment of gen- eral stock, and commands a large trade both in the village and in the surrounding county. He is a young man of exceptional business habits — alert and open-eyed in his dealings, and at the same time straightforward and square in all his transactions, prompt in his payments and standing high in the favor of his patrons and fellow-busi- ness men. Politically, he is a Democrat, and is sound in the faith. Religiously, he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, their names being associated with its every good work, and they are active in Sunday-school matters. Mr. Reeves was married in 1882 to Miss John Emilj' Upchurch, who is from Hamilton County, where the mother still lives. Her parents were originally from Saline County. Her father was a brave soldier of the late war and gave up his life for his country while in the service. Mr. and Mrs. Reeves had six children, namely: Walter and Omer, at home; Eddie, who died in Ham- ilton County; Louella, who died in Hamilton County; Marion, who died in this county and was buried in Hamilton County; and Ollic, at home. I^MI-^l-l^ll^^ J"'ERRY A. TROVILLION, M. D., in part- nership with his brother, C. K., owns a drug store in Columbus, and has a large prac- tice, extending into adjoining counties. He is a popular physician, being considered one of the ablest men of his profession in this country, and is now medical examiner for the ^Etna Life Insurance Company, having held that position since 1891. The Doctor was born in Columbus, this county, .hme 25, 1863, and is the son of Daniel P. and Elizabeth (l>ewis) Trovillion, the former of whom was born in Tennessee and was a son of .lames Y. Trovillion.' Our subject's mother was a native of Illinois, and spent her entire life in this State. Daniel P. Trovillion was a farmer by occupation, and emigrated to this State at an early da}' with his parents. He purchased land in this county, and for nearly twenty years eng.aged in its culti- vation, his farm being located about one mile north of Columbus, in township 13, range 6. In 1891 he retired from active life and removed to Columbus, where he purchased a residence, and there expects to pass his remaining days in the enjoyment of the well-earned fruits of his toil in former years. Our subject remained at home until reaching the age of eighteen j-ears. He attended the com- mon schools of the county, and, being of a very studious disposition, he read and pondered all the information obtained from various sources and wisely selected books. For about five terms he taught school in the vicinity of liis home, and then concluded to turn his attenticm to the study of medicine. For one year, under the tutorage of Dr. Ed B. Trovillion, of Columbus, he pursued his studies, and then entered the medical depart- ment of the University of Tennessee, at Nashville. There he took two courses of lectures, was gradu- ated with honor and received his diploma Feb- ruary 25, 1890. Returning to Columbus, he put in a stock of drugs and groceries, buj'ing out the firm of S. F. Hart, but after some six months sold out thegrocerj' department, taking his brother into the firm, since which time they have dealt exclusively in drugs, stationery and kindred art- icles. The brother is a graduate of the St. Louis College of Physicians and Surgeons, and both he and our subject have their time fully occupied with the numerous demands made upon them for their professional services. A wedding ceremony performed June 2, 1891, ^ united the fortunes of Dr. Trovillion and Miss Carrie M. Compton, who is a native of Kentucky. By her marriage she has become the mother of a bright little boy. Hay Allen, who was born May 14, 1892. Hoth our vvortliy subject and his es- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEAV. 245 teemed wife are members of the Baptist Ciiiirch, and are active in all good works. Dr. Trovillion is a straightforward Republiean, and is justly iield in the high esteem of all who have come in contact with him. His genial and friendlj' man- ner wins friends for him wherever he goes, and his acknowledged ability as a physician is bringing to him daily a larger and larger practice. The Doctor's post-office is Brownfield, Pope County, wliich until September. 1892, was known as Wool Post-office. '^ AMES SLACK, who is one of the substan- tial farmers of Vienna Township, and is a man much respected for his sterling charac- ter b3" the people among whom his life has been passed, was born in one of the pioneer homes of Johnson County, in what is now Bloomfield Township, October 10, 1835. His father, William Slack, who was a native of Kentucky, came to Illi- nois when a young man and selected his future home in Johnson County, thus becoming one of tlie earl}' settlers of this region. He bought a tract of wild land from the Government in Bloom- field Township, pa^-ing the regular price at that time of 81.25 an acre. He shared the labors of his fellow-pioneers in opening up the country, and will ever be remembered as a factor in the early growth of the township where he passed his re- maining days after coming to this State. His good wife, who also died in Bloomfield Township, was Mary Finney in her maiden days, and was a na- tive of Virginia. Her parents came from that State to this, and were pioneers of Johnson County. She was the mother of thirteen children. The subject of this sketch was reared and edu- cated in his native township. The schools of his day were conducted on the subscription plan, each family paying according to the number of scholars sent. The schoolhouses were built of logs and were rudely furnished with home-made furniture, manu- factured by splitting logs, hewing one side smooth and inserting wooden pins for support, and the seats thus I'oughly made had no backs, nor were there any desks in front of them. A board laid on wooden pegs inserted in holes bored in the logs on one side of the room was used as a writ- ing desk by the large scholars. The buildings were heated by fire-places, the chimneys being made of earth and sticks, and a section of log cut out of the wall served to admit the light in lieu of a window. When our subject was young there were no rail- ways here nor any convenient markets, and the people were obliged to live mostly on home prod- ucts and wild game, such as venison and turkej'. The mother of our subject, in common with other pioneer women, used to card, spin and weave wool and Has to make cloth for garments for her chil- dren. The father tanned all the leather that he needed for shoes for his famil}' or for other pur- poses, digging out a trough from a log in which to tan it, and gathering bark to use in the process, and in addition to this he made his own shoes. He was a man of resources, who could turn bis hand to almost anything, and was an excellent farmer in spite of the primitive tools with which he was often obliged to work. Mr. Slack resided with his parents until his mar- riage, teachiug school and also affording his father valuable assistance in farm work, at the same time gaining the practical experience necessary to make him a good farmer. After his marriage he rented land for two j'ears, and then his father gave him fifty acres three miles north of Vienna, and he bought other land adjoining. He lived there five years, and at the expiration of that time bought the place where he now resides in Vienna Town- ship, which comprises seventy-seven and one-half acres of choice land. He has made many improve- ments since the farm came into his possession, has us fields under good tillage, and has ample build- ings and good machinery with which to conduct his agricultural operations. Our subject was first married April 26, 1857, to Miss Amanda M. Jennett, a native of Johnson County, and a daughter of Nathan and Mary Jen- nett. After a wedded life of twelve years she was 24C PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. removed by the hand of death, December 21, 1869. There are five cliiklrcn living born of tiiat mar- riage: Mr.s. Kiorcnce A. Shawbridge, Jlrs. MaryM. Chrislensen, .lames A., Alice K. and Amanda O. Mr. Slack was married a second time, Oclolier 26, 1873, tailing as his wife Mrs. Mary K. llaivick, a native of Marshall County, Tenn., a daughter of John T. and Elizabeth (Wolf) Hogg, and widow of Granville 15. llaivick. Mrs. Slack had two chil- dren by iier first marriage, both of whom are dead. Her son, John A., who was a young man of much promise, and was a graduate of a school of phar- macy, died at the age of twent3'-eight. Her daugh- ter, Cynthia, was just blossoming into womanhood when site died at the age of eighteen 3'ears. Our subject and his wife arc members in high standing of the Methodist Ei)iscopal Church. He is a firm believer in temperance, is himself strictly temper- ate, and has carried his views into i)olities by iden- tifying liimself with the Prohibition party. \][^~^ IRAM H. WISE, who has lived on his pres- i|)y; ent farm of one hundred and fiftj^-seven ^)^ acres in section 2, township 11, range 4, ^^ for the past thirty-two years, was born in Hardeman County, Tenn., December 20, 1827, and is a son of William J. Wise, born in North Carolina in 1803. Tiie latter was a son of William Wise, of the same place, wlio was a farmer and cooper, and followed his trade 7nuch of his time. He was in comfortable circumstances, owning a small farm and a cooper-shop. He married Nanc}' Howard, of Nortii Carolina, daughter of Isaiah Howard, and reared a family of five sons and three daughters, of whom AVilliam J. was the second child and first son. Tiie great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Isaac AVise, who was born and reared in England, and came to the United States with two brothers, when a young man, settling in Xortli Carolina before the Revolu- tionary War broke out. He was not a soldier in that war, but was drafted tiiree times, and fur- nished a substitute each time, and also furnished tliirleen horses as his contribution to American independence. He reared a large family-, and died at the age of seventy years. The grandmother of our subject died at tlic age of fifty-five, leaving the eight children mentioned above. AVilliara J. Wise married Rebecca Lawhon, of Wa3'ne County, N. C, and removed to Illinois in the fall of 182,0, coming in the old-st^'le cart, with a two-horse tandem team. Thej- were some six weeks on the way, and arrived in Illinois in Octo- ber, aiid as many other families came over the road with them, the}^ all had an enjo^'able journe3'. but about one year later, they returned South to Hardeman Count}', Tenn., where they bought a farm and resided eleven years. In the spring of 1837 the}' again came to Illinois, locating in John- son County, having sold their possessions in Ten- nessee. At first, in Johnson Count}', he settled on fort}^ acres, but before his death he owned three hundred and twenty acres in Burnside Township, which was one of the finest farms in the township. Some years later he sold out and made other pur- chases and moves, and at length died at his home farm in Williamson County, November 9, 1873, nearly seventy years of age. His wife, the mother of all his children, had died in 1871, aged sixty- seven. The}' had had ten children, one of whom Mary A., died at three years of age, and another, Thomas C, died at seven. The children living at the time of her death were as follows: Lewis E., who, when last heard from, was a resident of Louisiana, and if alive would be sixty-six years old, served in the Confederate army in the late rebellion as a member of the Black Horse Cavalry; Hiram is next in order; William J. is a retired farmer of Union County; Elizabeth J. was the widow of William R. Mounce, who died in Ander- sonville Prison; Sarah Ann, Mrs. Hall, is deceased; Robert H. resides in New Burnside; Curtis is a farmer of Saline County; and Oliver died in 1892, at New Burnside, aged forty-eight years. Hiram H. Wise was reared a farmer boy in Ten- nessee and Illinois. He had excellent opportuni- ties for securing an education for the times in which he then lived, and not only attended the district schools, but also attended a High School PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 247 kept by William H. Minnix, now of Washington, 1). C, in the general land office. Our subject iiim- self taught scliool in earl}' life for some fifteen years. He was married November 26, 1848, to Miss Polly, daughter of George W. and Cynthia (Job) Chapman, who came with their respective parents to Illinois at an early day. George W. Chapman was born in New York in 1809, and was a son of Daniel Chapman, a Revolutionar\' soldier, wlio came to Illinois before it was a State, and wlio died here at a great age. He was the father of eleven children. Mrs. Wise is one of her moth- er's six children, two sons and four daugliters. She was the first-born, the date of her birth hav- ing been December 25, 1832, and she is now the only one living of the family. Mr. and Mrs. Wise were married at the hom'e of the bride b}' Will- iam Barnwell, and iiave resided ever since in this eountrv. Mr. Wise left his wife and six children at home on his farm then a wilderness, and went to the front in the Sixth Illinois Cavahy, Com- pany B, .September 10, 1861, and served until No- vember o, 1865. He reached home November 26 following, on the seventeenth anniversary of liis wedding. He was in the Quartermaster's de- partment, and was Chief Clerk of the Quarter- master's department of Alabama, and acted as Ad- jutant about one }'ear. He was not in good health, and but for his ability as a clerk and scribe, he would have been discharged in April, 1864. He has practiced law considerablj', having upon ex- amination been licensed to practice October 17, 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Wise have buried six children, one son and one daugliter in iufanc}". William J. died at twenty-five j'ears of age, in Kansas in 1882; Victoria, wife of Henrj^ F. Good, died at Stone Fort in 1879, at the age of twenty, leaving one daughter; Riley M. died at ten j-ears of age. Those living are as follows: Thomas C, Count}' Surveyor, who resides in New Burnside, and has a wife and seven children; F. M., a farmer, living adjoining upon four hundred acres of land, who has a wife and one daughter; George O., single; N. O., a traveling salesman; and Charles H., single and a farmer near by. George W. Chapman, the father of Mrs. Wise, served in the Mexican War as a teamster, and was also in the War of the Rebel- lion, but was discharged on account of disal)ilily, after serving six months. He was thrown from his horse and was kicked besides. He was sixty years old when he volunteered, and he died at Vienna at the age of sixty-six. ^^>^^^^'^^'nted and carefully cultivated farm on ^•5#^ section 23. lie was born in this county January 10, 1843, and has passed the most of his life in this locality. His parents were Thomas M. and Mary (Tristian) Walters, the father a na- tive of North Carolina and the mother of Tennes- see. The paternal grandfather of our subject, Thomas Walters, was an early settler of Illinois and was in the Jackson War. 'J'homas Walters, Jr., emigrated to Illinois at an early day, taking up land in this county, and participated in the Black Hawk War from the beginning to the end. He is numbered among the worthy pioneers who paved the way to the present prosperity of this region, and who suffered untold privations and dangers that their children and their descendants might comeMnto a peaceful and happ^- inheritance. He engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1870, at which time he owned a farm of one hundred acres, on which his wife, though now at an advanced age, is still living. Our subject assisted his father on the old home- stead until reaching mature years, and received such educational advantages as he could obtain in the schools of the district. When only twenty- one he enlisted in the army, becoming a member of Company K, One Hundred and Thirt^'-sixth Illinois Infantry, in May, 18()4, being mustered in at Golconda and being honorably discharged at Springfield in October of the same year, on ac- count of failing health. He sustained disabilities, occasioned by exposure and the severe experi- ences of army life, from which he has never re- covered. Coming home, he rented land for about five years in this county, and then concluded to try his fortune in Missouri. Proceeding there, he pre-empted a homestead of eight}- acres, where he lived for three 3'ears, when he sold it and returned to Illinois. After staying a part of a year in his old home he returned to Missouri, rented land and this time lived in the State for seven j-ears. Though some things impressed him favorably in that portion of the countrj', he has ever returned L to his first love, the State of his nativity, and ■ firmly believes now, if he ever doubted it before, T that Illinois is unsurpassed as an agricultural State. Selling his stock and farming implements in Mis- souri. Mr. AValters returned to Illinois, and at the end of two years, during which time he rented _ land, he purchased the farm where he now resides. ■ This is a tract of forty acres, which is under good • cultivation, and on which is a substantial residence and good farm buildings. Mr. Walters, January 17, 1861, was married to Miss Sarah Ann Baker, who w.as born in Pope County July 2, 1847, and was called to her final PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 271 rest July 16, 1887, having just passed her fortieth _year. She left a family of six children, who are as follows: William II. and Martha J., both of whom are married; James W., Rosa A., Albert B. and Levi. Mrs. Walters was a thoroughlj' estimable woman, a lad3' of exemplary Christian character, a faithful wife and devoted mother, one who made a host of friends, who hold her mcmov}' among their most cherished recollections. Mr. Walters and his family are all consistent members of the Baptist Church, in the work of which they are very active, and politicall}' our sub- ject casts his ballot in favor of the Democracy. ELISHA REAGAN w-as born in Ruck Castle County, Ky., November 30, 1853, to Pres- ' ton and Melinda (Walters) Reagan, both of Kentucky, who removed to Sangamon County, 111., in 1854, thence to Johnson County in 1857. Thej' were farmers in straitened circumstances, and m.ide their removals by means of teams, and pur- chased their first farm in Union Township, Pope County, where the subject of this sketch now lives. They died there, leaving an estate of eighty acres of land and a family of nine children, of whom Elisha is the 30ungest. In 1872 the parents buried two infant daughters, a married son aged forty years, whose name was Charlton, and a daughter, Elizabeth, aged twenty-two years, and the wife of Orange Jackson, of Metropolis. Mrs. .Tackson left two children to mourn her demise. The children still living are as follows: Matilda, wife of J. W. Cobb; Jane, wife of AV. B. Parsons; Eliza Ann, wife of L. A. Ogden; Parmelia, wife of L. W. Ep- person; and Elisha. The life of Elisha Reagan from his infancy up was spent on the farm, hence he obtained a good knowledge of all things pertaining to agriculture. When in his nineteenth year he was married, Au- gust 11, 1872, to Martha Kirby, who bore him three sons and three daughters, of whom one daughter died in infancy. Those living are as follows: Albert, nineteen years old, at home; Cyn- thia A., wife of J. W. Boulden,a farmer of Union Township, Pope County; Elmore, fifteen years old; Rosella, aged thirteen years; and AVesley, twelve. Mr. Reagan married after the death of his first wife Alice J., daughter of S. T. Browning, of the same township. She became the mother of two sons and two daughters, viz: Virda L., Raymond A., Opal Q. and Harlem L., aged six, four and two years respectively; and an infant. Mr. Re.agan has been a Justice of the Pe.ice since 1885, and has served many years as School Director and Trustee. He is a Republican in politics, and steadilj^ stands by that party. His brother Charlton volunteered in the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry, and served three years. He was a prisoner at Andersonville, but was exchanged, and so considers himself fortunate to have escaped alive, which he accomplished by the practice of a little strategy. Having kept a list of tlie dead, he answered to the name of one of the detailed and got out on parole. Mr. Reagan is a Master Mason, and is a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 4^ i-IIEOPHILUS SCOTT is one of tlie foremost agriculturists of township 13, and at differ- ent times has been quite an extensive owner of land in Pope County. At one time he possessed six hundred and fifteen acres, and at present owns four hundred and fifty-five acres on section 32, where he is engaged in general farming. He has a fine home residence, substantial and com- fortable, and good outbuildings. Personally, lie is a genial and pleasant man to do business with, and is one of the most popular men in this town- ship. He has a number of times been called upon to serve in more or less important official places, and though he has not been desirous to obtain the same, he has cheerfully discharged the duties of the position to which he w.as elected. For the past 272 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. twelve yeiir-s lie lias been Supervisor of Roads, and it is largely through his efforts in this direction that the county is the li:ii>|)y possessor of snch good roadway's. Our subject is a native of Pope Count}', born April 10, 1836, liis parents being Isaac li. and Klizabeth (Ellis) Scott. His paternal grandfather, whose Christian name was Robert, emigrated from North Carolina to the Prairie State as early as 1812, and is numbered among the honored pioneers who did so much in the founding of this county. He helped to build the first court house, which was constructed of logs, and in many ways was identi- fied with the first movements towards civilization which were made by those sturdy pioneers. He lived in this neighborhood for many years, finally returning to Tennessee, where he died at the age of seventy-five years. Our subject's father was born in North Carolina, Maj' 13, 1794, and came to Illinois with his father, assisting him in prepar- ing a home and clearing a farm in the wilderness until twenty-tliree j'ears of age. He purchased land in this county ,where he resided until his death in 1875, at the good old age of eighty-two years. His wife, who was a native of South Carolina, died in 1885, aged eighty-three years. Mr. Scott, of whom we write, was one in a family of twelve children, who grew to mature _vears. He started out to make his own way in the world at the age of twenty. His educational privileges were those of the early subscription schools of Pope Count}-, which he attended for nine months, pay- ing for the instruction received at the rate of §2 per month. In his early days wild game of all kinds was ver}^ plentiful in this region, and his mother carded, wove and spun the cloth for her children's garments and the necessities of the family. On March 16, 1856, Mr. Scott wedded Miss Sarah Ann Wallace, a native of this countj'^, where her birth occurred January 17, 1838. She departed this life January 25, 1878, having just passed her for- tieth birthdaj'. For his second wife, Mr. Scott chose Miss Sarah Ann Cletcher, a native of Ten- nessee, born July 27, 1847. He is the father of seven children, who areas follows: Addie M., May II., Isaac H., Ida, James R., Lillie A. and Rebecca. In February, 1862, Mr. Scott joined the Sixtieth Illinois Infantry at Camp Dubois, Union County, becoming a member of Corajjany H. He was in the battles of lUizzard's Roost, Ivenesaw Mountain, Jonesboro, Ga., and (ioldsboro, N. C. He was honorabl}' discharged at Springfield February 17, 1865, just exactly three years after the dale of his enlistment. During his hard service, forced marches and exposure, he sustained injuries to his health from which he has never fully recovered. He is a member of the Christian Church at Allen Springs. For the past four years he has been a School Direc- tor, and politically, he votes the Republican ticket. He is a member of Temple Hill Lodge No. 701, A. F. (fe. A. M. and is well worthy the high regard in which he is held by those who have known him for many j'ears and are in a position to judge of his intrinsic worth and kindly disposition. ^1j%s AXIEL H. RENDLEMAN, who has lived jl Jj] upon his present farm for the past thirty- f^A^ two years, which farm contains one hun- dred acres of land, is situated in section 24, Goreville Township, and was born in North Carolina in 1828. His father, .John Rendleman, was a native of Cabarrus County, N. C, and was a son of Drake H. Rendleman, also of North Caro- lina and a farmer. About 1831 he went to Louisi- ana, leaving his wife and son, an only child, and resided there until his death, which occurred in 1888, when about eighty-three years old. His wife and child then lived with his father, Drake II. Rendleman. Daniel H. when seventeen years old began to learn the blacksmith's trade, and worked at it for two years. On July 12, 1848, when he was nine- teen years old, he was married to Elizabeth M. Peck, of the same place as himself. They be- gan their married life on his mother's farm and his own little place of thirtj'-seven acres, running both the farm and the blacksmith shop, the latter l)eing on his own land. The}' lived there for seven f "%•' jfri.^^-j^^'^^ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 275 yea.y», and in the meantime tliree sons and one daughter were born to them, one of whom, George II., died at the age of two years. They then re- moved to Davidson County, N. C, in 18.55, and lived there for five years. In the year 1860 they removed to Joimson C'ount}^ III., to their present home, coining in true emigrant style, in a covered wagon drawn by a good team, and bringing with them a good tent. They were five weeks on the waj', camping and cooking as they came. They reached Johnson County October 15, 1860. The family then consisted of Mr. Reudleman, his wife and their three children. When he started he had a shotgun and a dog, but the dog he lost in crossing a river. Besides these he had a cross- cut saw and a fiddle, and other articles which were equally valuable. In monej', he had 1750, and with this he bought of H. M. Ridenhower eighty acres of land, with a log cabin upon it and five acres cleared. For this eightj^ acres he gave $200. The family lived in the little log house for four years, and then moved into a good hewed- log house, which has been their home ever since. This house has been weatherboarded outside and ceiled inside, and now is to all appearances a frame house, and fully as comfortable as if it were frame. Our subject's wife died on the 25th of July, 1891, aged sixty-two years. She had borne him six sons and six daughters, of whom but two sons and three daughters are now living: Mary A., wife of Wil- son Gower, of Tunnel Hill, and who has three sons and three daughters; A. P., a farmer and black- smith near by, who married Elida Evans, and who has four sons and four daughters; Thomas L.,who is managing his father's farm, and who married Miss Pink Stone; they have one son and one daughter; Martha Jane, wife of Frank Hubbard, a farmer of Goreville Township, and who has two sons and one daughter; and Delia May, twelve years old, at home. Mr. Kendleman has buried John L., who died at his father's house June 13, 1872, aged twenty-two years; Laeher Isabella, wife of James Harris, who died in February, 1888, at the age of twenty-three, leaving her husband and one son; Rufus M., who died May 7, 1889, a single man, aced nineteen; Julia Ann, wife of R. H. White, who died June 9, 1885, at the age of twenty-four, 14 leaving her husband and two daughters; Josephine, wife of James Harris, who died in March, 1892, at the age of eighteen; and Winfield Scott, who died at Goreville, in April, 1892, aged thirty-three, leaving a wife three sons and three daughters. Mr. Rendleman was married February 4, 1892, to Mrs. Benjamin Pritchett, nee McCorraack, daughter of William D. and Martha (Moke) McCormack, the former of whom was from Virginia, and the latter from Tennessee. Thej' came to Illinois in 1845, and died in this State, she in 1878, at fifty-six years of age, and he in 1889, when seventj'-eight 3'ears old. Mrs. Rendleman lost her husband in 1889, and has buried three children: Martha Mc- Intrieff, at four years of age; Ida Mclntrieff, at six and a-half years, and George W. Mclntrieflf. She has five children living: Marj' Ann Kimble, Jacob Mclntrieff, Samuel Mclntrieff, William T. Mcln- trieff and Rosella Mclntrieff. Mr. and Mrs. Ren- dleman are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has been a Republican all his life, and expects to be as long as he lives. He is a man of much more than ordinary talent and genius. Nature endowed him with rare mechanical in- genuity and skill, and he can repair and adjust the parts of a watch or clock or musical instrument readily and perfectly without having served an apprenticeship, except at the blacksmith trade. Had he been educated to some of the nobler pro- fessions he must have risen to a high rank. He is one of the men that revere God and love their fellow-men. ]^+^[ ylLLIAM B. THOMPSON, who was for sev- eral years a valued teacher in Pope County, and has also been actively identified with its agricultural interests, has entered the broader field of journalism as editor of the Weekly Press, published at Golconda, and his friends predict his success in this new venture, for which his educa- tion and taste for literature seem to fit him. Our subject was born in Talbot Countj', Md., October 276 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEAV. 21, 1H3II, wliilc liis father, Jesse Tlicmpson, and his giaiulfalher were natives of Delaware. Tlic latter was a fanner in that State until he became a pioneer settler of Clermont County, Ohio, where he died. The fathi'r of our subject was reared on u farm and early became familiar with agricultural pur- suits. He went from Delaware to Ohio, and from there to JIaryland, where he resided a few years prior to his removal to Kentucky in 1855. His home while there was in Livingston County, whence he came to Illinois after the war. He settled in Pope County, in Jackson Precinct, and there he serenely' passed the remainder of his days. His wife had previously died in Livingston County, Ky. Her maiden name was Ann Landreth, and she was born in the city of Philadolpiiia. She was the mother of eight children. William Thompson, of whom we write, was six- teen 3-ears old when the family moved from his native State to Kentucky. His early education had been obtained in the schools of Maryland, and after his removal to Kentucky he attended a select school in Livingston County'. He remained with his par- ents until he was twenty-four, when he took up the profession of teaching in Pope County and for some years was engaged in teaching in the winter and in farming the remainder of the year. He eventually bought a tract of land in Jackson Pre- cinct, which he devoted to agricultural purposes. In 1881 he sold that and bought other land in Logan Precinct, where he has since resided. Mr. Thompson commenced his career as an editor in October, 1892, establishing then the Weekly Press, designing by this paper to further the in- terests of education and morality in the commu- nity, to purify politics and elevate the tone of so- ciety so far as lies in the power of one man, and lastly to present the general news in a truthful and intelligent manner, so as to enlighten the people whom it reaches. He is an earnest, thought- ful man, of noble purpose and high t)rinciiiles, and his intluence is felt in promoting the welfare of town and county. A veritable Christian, who carries his religion into the every-day affairs of life, he is a power for good in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of whigh he and his wife are among the leading members, and he has been a teacher in and Superintendent of the Sunday- school for some years. He cast his first Presiden- tial vote for Bell in 1860, but from the commence- ment of the war until 1890 he was a Republican, excepting that in national affairs he voted with the Prohibitionists from 1884. At the present time, he is identified with the People's part\ heart and soul. He is also an active member of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association, which he joined in 1888. Our subject's domestic comfort is well looked after by his amiable wife, to whom he was wedded in 1874. Mrs. Thompson, who was formerly Sarah L. Hetherington, is a native of Scotland, and came to America «ith her parents when she was three years of age. Two children have hallowed her marriage with our subject, Richard B. and T. Bruce. \ P=^ -- <* I^ILLIAM J. SUIT, a resident of Elvira \rJ// Township, Johnson County, was born in }Af/ Carroll County, Tenn., October 28, 1829. His father was Bartlett Suit, who was born in Nortii Carolina, and his father, William Suit, was also a na- tive of North Carolina, who removed to Tennessee at an early day, cooking and camping on the way. William settled in Sumner Count3', bought a tract of land, and followed farming there until the time of his death. His wife, who in girlhood was Rebecca Wilson, was born in North Carolina, and died in Sumner County, Tenn. Bartlett Suit moVed to Tennessee, and made the best of his op- portunities to secure an education that would be useful to him. He commenced life for himself by teaching school when a young man in Hardin County, and after his marriage he settled in Carroll County, where he lived until 1833, when he re- moved to Graves County, K^-., and boughta tract of timber land six miles east of Mayfleld, upon wliich he built a log house and began at once to improve his farm. For a few of the first ^-ears of his resi- dence there he taught school durinij the winter i PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 277 season, and farmed in the summer months, con- tinuing to do this for twelve 3-eais. He then sold his farm and bought another nine miles southwest of Mayfield, a tract of timber land like the first, and lived there until 1850, in which year he died. The maiden name of his wife was Elsie Nanney,andshe was born, it is thought, in Carroll County, Tenn., and was the daughter of Jordan and Onie Nanney. Elsie Suit survived her husband some years, and af- ter his death went to Missouri, later coming to Illinois, where she lived until the time of her death in 1882, at the age of seventj'-three years. She reared nine children, viz: William, Thomas Alvin, Angeline, Ulysses, Marj- J., Elzada, Winfield Scott, James M., and Sarah, deceased. Our subject was four years old when his parents moved to Graves County, at which time that county was very sparsely settled and wild game of all kinds, such as deer and wild turkeys, was abundant. Mayfield was then but a hamlet and there were no free scjhools, so all the education William received was given him at home. He was twelve years old when his father was taken sick, and the care of the family and the liard work upon the farm devolved upon him. He resided witli his mother one year after his father's death and then married the lad}' of his choice and engaged in mercantile business in Graves County. He remained there thus en- gaged until 1860, when he removed to Mississippi County, Mo., and was there engaged in farming two years, when he removed to Johnson County, 111. Here he rented land for two years and then he purchased one hundred and three acres on sec- tion 29, in Elvira Township. At the end of two years he sold this farm at an advance over what he had given, and purciiased the farm he now owns, which contains two hundred and eighty acres, one hundred and seventy-five acres of which are cleared. The improvements now rank with the best in the county. On March 27, 1890, all his buildings, in- cluding four dwelling-houses, were wrecked by a tornado, and this loss, added to other losses by the same storm, amounted to $4,000. For ten years Mr. Suit was Treasurer of the Grarige and operated a store during that time. At the time of its expiration he was engaged in mer- cantile life, and continued in business in all four years. The last two 3-ears he was in partnership with Thaddeus Proctor, to whom he sold his interest in 1892, and daring this time he also superintended the improvement of his farm. In 1852 he married Tabitlia F. Beach, who was born near Nashville, Tenn., in September, 1829. Her father, Patrick Beach, was born in Virginia, and removed from that State to Tennessee and thence to Kentuckj', living in Christian County for some time. Later he removed to Calloway County, where he died. His wife was Nanny Huston, who was born in Virgi- nia and died in Johnson County, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Suit have two children living: Narcissa, who is the wife of Samuel Elkins, and James B. Mr. Suit has been a Mason since 1853, and is now a member of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. & A. M. He was one of the original Republicans, voting for Fremont in 1856. He also voted for Lincoln and Grant, but since 1872 has'been quite independent in poli- tics, but has voted principally with the Democratic party. )|rj\'iENJAMIN FRANKLIN SMOOT, a prom- iLiV, inent and efficient citizen of Simpson Town- if®)])/ ^'^'P' Jolinsou County, was born in Johnson ^'^^^ County, 111., December 30, 1848. Ilisfather, Reed Smoot, was born in Owen County, Ky., in 1812, and his mother, Eliza Thomas, in Sumner County, Tenn., in 1819. His father came to Illi- nois in an early day, and took up Government land in Johnson County, where he resided until his death. He was a farmer and stock-raiser and died in 1878. B. F. Smoot remained at home until he was twenty-five years of age, receiving his education in the Johnson County Schools. He was married at the age last mentioned, his twenty-fifth year, No- vember 20, 1873, to Elizabeth Amanda Barley, who was born in Hardin Count}', and is a daughter of Samuel W. and Jane Barley, the former of whom was born in Indiana, and the latter in Kentuck}'. Mr. Smoot has one hundred and seventeen acres of 278 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. land on sections 7 and 8, Simpson Township, of which lie lias cleared about fortj'-five acres and erected the l)iiildings tliereon. At one time in his life our sulijcct owned one hundred and twenty- four acres of Ian(i. lie has three children, viz: Thomas K., .lames A. and Kliza L. lie and his wife are members of the IMissionary liajjlist Church, and he always votes the Republican ticket. Mr. Smoot has conducted his business in an in- telligent manner; the work of improvement is con- stiintly going- on upon his farm, and the value of the place is steadily increasing. He has a property of which any man may well be proud, and his en- erg3' and thrift indicate strongly that he will con- tinue to add to the value of the farm, either by further enlargement or the improvement of what he has. FIJSHA WEBB, who resides on a farm of one hundred and eighty acres on section 20, in /|- — ^ Tunnel Hill Township, was born in Morgan County, Tenn. He is a son of Mitchell Webb, who was born in North Carolina in 1793, to Cul- breith Webb, of North Carolina, who moved to Tennessee about 1809, where he was a farmer and reared a family of three sons and one daughter, lie and his wife both died in Tennessee at an advanced age. Mitchell Webb married for his first wife Khoda Cardwell, of Tennessee, who bore him four sons and two daughters, and died in the l)rime of life. His second wife was Sarah Elmore, of Tennessee, who bore him five sons and two daughters,' of whom Elisha is the second child and first son in order of birth. Four of these children are now living, two sons and two daughters. They are: Rhoda, wife of Leander H. Kelly, a farmer of Tunnel Hill Township; Elisha; Daniel, a farmer of the same township; and Elizabeth, wife of M. R. Kelly, a farmer near by. The parents came to southern Illinois in the spring of 1810, settling in .Tefferson County, where the mother died in 1812, aged about forty years. Mr. Webb then married again, and died in 18G9 at the age of seventy-six years, leaving but a small estate. IClisha Webb had but little education in his youth, not more than three months in all, which he receiverl in Illinois, for he never saw a school- house in Tennessee. He has recently made a trip to that State, and finds it but little better there now. He worked on the home farm until he was twentj'-two 3'ears old when he was married, in July, 1849, to Nancy C. Kelly, daughter of Chris- topher C. Kellj^, of Tennessee. The mother of Mrs. Webb was Miss K. 3. Butler. Her parents came to Illinois in 18.33, when she was an infant, and died in this county on their farm, he in 1813. and she in 1854, leaving five children, two sons and three daughters. Tllrs. Webb was their second child and first daughter, and all are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Webb were married .July 5, 1849, and the next September thej' began housekeeping in their log cabin on the farm where they have lived ever since, never moving except from their pio- neer log cabin to their present abode, a double liewed-log house, one and a-half stories high, with a fireplace and large stone chimney. This house w.as built in 1868, and the large barn for h.a3' and stock, 60x56 feet in size, with 22A-foot posts, was erected in 1887. They have one hundred and eighty acies in this farm, most of which is tillable, and the}^ have on section 16 fort^'-flve .acres. Five children, two sons and three daughters, are dead, three of whom died when quite j'oung, and one, Sarah .Jane, passed away at the age of seventeen, dying August 2, 1870. Mary E., wife of Will- iam C. Choat, died March 19, 1888, .aged twenty- five. The living children are Rhoda A., wife of AVilliam Sutton, who has three sons and five daughters; Martha C, wife of George W. Chism, who has three sons and two daughters; L. C, a farmer on an adjoining farm, who has a wife and three daughters; M. M., wife of D. Casej-, who has two sons and two daughters; Arra K., wife of F. L. Parks, who has one son and one daughter; J. C, a farmer on an adjoining farm, who has a wife and one daughter; Tabitha S., wife of .John Boner, who has one son and one daughter; William M., a young man of twent\-one, at home on the farm : PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 279 and Isaac T., a j'outh of thirteen j^ears. All of these children have had good common-school edu- cations, and Columbus has taught two terms. Mr. Webb has been Constable and. Justice of the Peace fourteen years, and twice a member of the Count}- Board, and has alwa3's been a Democrat. He and his wife are members of a church of Latter Da}' Saints, which consists of about eight}' mem- bers. Mr. Webb carries on mixed farming, rais- ing all kinds of grain, hay and vegetables, espe- cially sweet potatoes, for which lie Las a new and improved house in which to store them during the winter. He keeps a good flock of sheep of the Southdown and Cotswold breeds, and raises a few colts, cattle and hogs, besides keeping from twelve to fifteen horses. y)ILLIAM R. HILEMAN is a well-known farmer of Elvira Township, who is practi- „ ^, cal and progressive in his methods of car- rying on agriculture, and has one of the best kept farms in this section. He was born in Union County, .luly 15, 1836, a son of Peter Hileman, who was a native of North Carolina. He came to Illinois in the early years of its settlement when a young man with his parents, and secured a tract of Government land in Union County, four and a-lialt miles from Jonesboro. He thus became one of its pioneers, and in the typical log cabin that he built to shelter his family, his son, of whom we write, was born. The father continued his resi- dence on the farm that he reclaimed from the wilderness until his death at a ripe age, in 1880. His widow died there in 1888. .She was Susanna Miller before marriage, a daughter of John and Barbara Miller, and she was a native of South Carolina. The subject of this sketch was one of twelve children, and be was reared amid the primitive surroundings of pioneer days. The first school that he attended was held in a log house, wliicii w.as rudely furnished by splitting logs for seats. one side being hewn smooth. After he was twenty- one he attended school two terras at Jonesboro, where he had the advantage of a good course of study, and was well fitted for a teacher, which pro- fession he pursued in Union and Alexander Coun- ties. After marriage he took up farming, buying a tract of land in Union County and living there- on until 1879, when he sold it and purchased the place where he now resides. This comprises two hundred and thirty acres of fertile land, of which forty acres lie in Union County and the remainder in Johnson County, his home being situated on section 6, Elvira Township. When it came into his hands but seventy-five acres were under culti- vation, and with a small frame house and log stable, constituted all the improvements. By his untiring energy and skillful labor he has wrought a great change, and now has a substantially im- proved, valuable farm, that is kept in good order, and by excellent methods of tillage is made to yield bountiful harvests. Mr. Hileman devotes it to general farming and keeps a good class of stock. He raises a number of hogs every season, the Essex being his favorite breed, although he has some choice Poland-China and Berkshires, and he has often taken premiums at the county fairs when he has exhibited. He h,as also taken premiums for his fowls at different county fairs, as he pays con- siderable attention to poultry-raising and has four distinct varieties of the finest breeds. Mr. Hile- man is likewise greatly interested in horticulture, of which he has made a careful study and is very successful in this branch, having about eight acres of orchard and small fruits of the choicest kinds, which command a ready market and are a good source of profit. Mr. Hileman was married in 1860 to Miss Mary A. Masters, a native of Union County, and a daughter of David and Susan (Fink) IMasters, and in her he has found a devoted wife. Three chil- dren have been born to them: Sarah A., Susanna and Mary E. Sarah Alice married Adam Hoover, and they have two children, William J. and Adol- phus. Susan is the wife of D. B. Peninger, and they have two children, Charles and Andrew C. Mary is the wife of Hosea Elkins, and they have one child, Samuel F. Mrs. Iliieman's father and 280 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. mother were born in North Carolina. The^' set- tled in Union County in pioneer daj'S, making their home two miles west of Cobden, and their cliildren went to scliool in a log house which w.as furnished with benches made of poplar logs. The niotlicr used to card and spin and weave, making all the cloth used by the family, which was the custom in those days, and she also taught her chil- dren to make home-spun cloth. Mr. llileman is a truthful, conscientious, sober- minded man, whose life is guided by Christian principles, and he and his wife and children are devout members of the Lutheran Church. He has borne an honorable part in the public life of the township, serving as School Trustee and Constable at different times. "ifJOHN BUTLER is numbered among the well-to-do farmers of Pope County, his place comprising two hundred and thirty ''l) acres, being situated on section 15, town- ship 12, range 6. He formerly owned three hun- dred and thirty acres, a portion of which he gave to his children. Of his jiresent farm one hun- dred acres are heavily timbered, and on the re- mainder he is engaged in general farming, rais- ing considerable quantities of corn and wheat. He grows from twenty to thirty bushels of corn to the acre, and fiom ten to twenty bushels of wheat. Though his farm is well stocked, he is not speciall}^ interested in raising live stock. In 1886 he erected a substantial frame residence, which is 16x32 feet. In 1864 he erected a good barn, 40x40 feet in dimensions, and has other substantial farm buildings. Mr. Butler, of this sketch, was born in Stewart Count}', Tenn., in 1829, and is a son of Martin and Margaret (McGee) Butler. The latter was a daughter of Adam and Anna (Whiteside) McOee. After his marri.age Mr. Butler engaged in farming in Tennessee until 1832, when he was called from this life, leaving his young widow with two sons JI and a daughter, of whom our subject is the eldest. The mother came with her children to southern Illinois in company with her parents. They made the journey most of tlie distance on the river and settled on wild land in what is now Eddyville Precinct, where our subject's grandparents subse- quently died, the grandmother d^ing in 1849, being then about sixty years of age, and her hus- band not long surviving her. About the j^ear 1845 Mrs. Butler removed to the farm now occu- pied by William Elam, becoming the wife of James .lennings, and within two years, while in middle life, was called to the home beyond, the date being about 1847. The brother and sister of our sub- ject arc still living. Allen is a farmer of Franklin County, and Anna is the widow of .James Burns, i who was a farmer in Eddyville Precinct. These children were left orphans at an early age and were scattered. -John Butler, of this sketch, soon after his mo- ther's death worked on a neighboring farm, cut- ting cordwood during the winter. He then en- gaged with John AVhiteside to work on his farm until he was twenty-one, but about that time met the lady who afterward became his wife, and con- cluded to change his plans. In Januar}-, 1850, Mr. Butler and Priscilla S. Barger were united in marriage. Mrs. Butler is the daughter of .T.acob S. Barger, one of the well-known farmers of this region. After his marriage Mr. Butler entered eighty acres of Government land in the wilderness and made good improvements upon the place, which is the farm on which John Holloway now resides. In the fall of 1854 he traded this farm for eighty acres of his present homestead, which has been his place of residence for thirty-eight years. In 1861 Mrs. Butler died, leaving three sons and a daughter: Jacob, now a practicing phj-sician of Elizabethtown, who is married and has two sons and a daughter; Margaret, wife of Thoma> II. Lechton, a farmer of this neighborhood, and the mother of five sons and two daughters; John F., who is engaged in farming in Clinton County, 111.: and Aaron, who makes his home in Creal Springs. and is married and has a son and daughter. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 281 Mr. Butler was again married, November 10, 1863, at which time Miss Marj' E. Rose, a native of this county, became his wife. She is the daughter of Asa and Peiiina (SUelb3-) Rose, natives of Ala- bama and Hardin Count3% III., respectivelj-. Mrs. Butler is the third in order of birth of four chil- dren. Clarissa, a sister, is the widow of Wiley Cummings; Margaret became the wife of Abijah King; and Thomas N. died at Bay City, in this county, in 1885, leaving a family. Mr. and Mrs. Butler have lost an infant son and daughter. Their living children are: Miranda .J., wife of Logan Ray, a farmer of this locality; Clarissa, wife of Ed Smith, a carpenter at Creal Springs; Charles A., at work about St. Louis; Seaman O. and Thomas O., the two latter attending school. They have all been given good educational advantages and are worthy members of society. Mr. Butler is a Master Mason and a member of tlie Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows. Politicall}', he is a Republican, and, religiously, he and his esteemed wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. "TSl^S" OEORGE W. SMOOT was born in Simpson , Township, Johnson County, 111., in 1845, and now resides in Burnside Township, in the same county. His father. Reed Smoot, was born in North Carolina, and came to Illinois from Mis- souri about 1838, at the age of twenty-six years. He was the son of George Smoot, a farmer and a native of Virginia, who died in Kentuckj' about 1827, in middle life, leaving a widow and six children, three sons and three daughters, of whom Reed, the father of George W., was the eldest. The widow married again, this union being with Levi T. Ta3'lor, and died in Johnson Count\-, 111., near Rej-noldsburgh, at the age of eightj'-five j^ears. The mother of George W. Smoot was Eliza (Thomas) Smoot, a daughter of Henrj' Thomas, whose wife was before her marriage a Miss Mungle. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas were from Weakle}- County, Tenn., where their daughter was born. Grandfather Thomas was a soldier in the War of 1812, and went into the armj- at the age of eighteen j-ears. The paternal grandparents of our subject early removed from North Carolina to Tennessee, whence they removed to Kentucky, living in that State manj' yeai-s. The^- removed thence to Missouri, living there for a short time, and then came to Illinois. These pilgrimages were made in the old-fashioned emi- grant stvle, in a covered wagon drawn sometimes 1)3' an ox and cow that were 3'oked together. The3- came to Illinois with no cash capital, and their first home was three miles west of Marion, Williamson Count3', on wild land. The parents of George W. Smoot were married August 12, 1841, the father being then twent3-- nine and the mother twenty-two years old. The3- began life on one hundred and twent3' acres of land purchased from the Government at 81.25 per acre, and lived thereon the rest of their days. They reared a family of five sons and five daughters, and of these children George W. is the third child and second son in order of birth. The others were: Sarah Ann, widow of John O'Neal, who is now living on her farm in Bloomfield Township; Warren O., a vei\v conscientious and pious 3'ouug man, who en- listed when twenty years of age in the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry, Compan3' G, under the command of Capt. Perkins, and was captured on Stoneman's raid, and died in Andersonville Prison November 11, 1863; Viola, wife of W.T. Fern, a farmer of Bloomfield Township; B. F., a farmer of Simpson Township; Ulich Z., a farmer of Missouri, recentl3- deceased; Maiy E., deceased wife of S. F. Yandell, who died in 1884, at the age of twenty-eight; Sarrillo, who died at the age of twenty-two; Martha .Jane, who died six months later, when nearly twenty-one 3'ears old; and L. L., a farmer living on the old farm with his mother, and who, during the last three 3'eai'S, has been a Baptist clergyman. George W. Smoot was reared on the farm, and secured a good common-school education. He be- gan teaching school at the age of twent3--one3-ears, and continued in this occupation for fifteen suc- cessive winters, of which six terms were taught in the same school. He was married when twenty- 282 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. four years of age to Paralee llailey, widow of W. R. Kelley, ami a daughter of Joliii T. and Nancy (Jones) Hailcy. By her first marriage she liad one daughter named Lizzie, wlio is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hailey removed from Tennessee, in which State Mrs. .Smoot was born, and located in Ken- tucky, wliere they remained some time, remov- ing to Illinois in 1862. Mr. llailey died on the homestead September 28, 1873, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. His widow, aged seventy, still lives, together with two sons and three daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Smoot removed to New Burnside in 1873, where they have lived ever since in their cozy little cottage. Mr. Smoot was formerly en- gaged in teaching and clerking up to 1882, and has since been connected with the fire insurance business, acting first as solicitor and then as re- corder and district agent. lie has been agent for various companies, and is without doubt one of the most successful agents in his line in this count.y. He has been Village Treasurer for eight years, is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and also a member of the Blue Lodge in Masonry, of which he is Seci'ctar^y. Mr. and Mrs. Smoot are both members of the Ba[)tist Church, and he has been clerk of his church for wany years. ^i^^^i^ "S^OBEKT D. MATIIIS, Justice of the Peace [ti^ of Bloomfield Townsliip, and one. of its ZL\ flt,^ prosperous farmers, has borne an honora- ble part in local public affairs, and is a highlj- respected citizen. He was born in Trigg County, Ky., January 18, 1836. His father, William Mathis, was a native of the same county, and was a son of John Mathis, who was, it is thought, born in Vir- ginia, where his father, whose name was the same as Ills own, spent his entire life so far as known. His wife was married a second time to a man by the name of Ellison, and she died in Trigg County, Ky. The grandfather of our subject located in Ken- tucky in an early day, and was one of the pioneers of Trigg County, where he improved a good farm. In 1846 he disposed of his property there, and com- ing to Illinois, bought a farm in Randol))h County, and resided there until hi.s death, his wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Brown, also dying in that county. The father of our sul)ject grew to manhood and was married in Kentucky. In 1841), he emigrated to this county with his wife and four children, coming with an ox-team, bringing his household goods and camping bj' the way at night. A six days' journey brought the family to their destina- tion in Bloomfield Township, where the father bought a tract of Government land. He first erected a log cabin for a dwelling .and then com- menced at once the hard pioneer labor of clearing and developing his land. November 22, 1860, he died, and the township lost a useful and much- esteemed citizen. His wife survived him until June, 1888, and then p.ife Association at Springlicld, and is still acting in that capacity. He is an excellent man of business and stands well in his community as a man and a citizen. He is prominently identified with Simp- son Post No. 683, O. A. K., of which he is Past- Commander. May 21, 1868. is the date of the marriage of Mr. Burke with Miss JIary E. Green, and three children have been born of their pleasant wedded life: Wallace O., Clarence and Grace. Mrs. Burke is also a native of Randolph County, a daughter of Carter and Elizabeth Green, and a granddaughter of Greenbury Green, of Tennessee. Her father came to Illinois in 1837 and cast in his lot with the pioneers of Randolph County, settling near Steeleville. He is now a resident of Perry County. -^^ AiNIUEL W. CARSON, dealer in general merchandise at Tunnel Hill, Johnson County, 111., was born in Johnson County in 1866. He is a son of H. C. Carson, who was born in Saline County, 111., and was a son of Uriah and Mary (Pew) Carson, both natives of Tennessee, who removed from that State to Saline Count}', 111., at a very early day, in fact be- fore the State was admitted into the Union. They had a large family, all of whom were born in Ten- nessee except H. C. and a brother. Mary Carson died in middle life, but Uriah Carson lived to be verv old, and left a small estate. H. C. Carson was first married to Elizabeth Stone, who bore him three sons and two daughters, all of whom have died except Elizabeth, wife of James Estes. He was married again, this time to Miss Killgore, daughter of Jonathan and Susan (Kelly) Killgore, who came from Kentucky to Illinois with eight children in January, 1819, and settled first as squatters in Elvira Township, where within three j'ears they bought land. Mrs. Carson was born in Trigg County, K}-., in 1829, and was one of eight children, one son and seven daughters. Her mother died in I^lvira Township at about fifty years of age, but her father died in Arkansas. The mother of our subject, Samuel W. Carson, was first married to William Mathis when she was eighteen years of age, and her liusband died about t\TO years afterward, leaving her with two children. She was then married to Daniel Jackson, who was thrown from his horse and killed within one year, leaving her with one son. She was next married to Mr. Carson, by whom she had nine children, seven sons and two daughters. The survivors of these children are as follows: Uriah C, a practic- ing physician and farmer of Saline County, 111.; James B., a farmer of Johnson Count}'; Franklin P., a single man at home on the farm; Nancy J., wife of George Leonard, a farmer of Tunnel Hill Township; Samuel W.; and Jerome K., who is mar- ried and living at home with his mother and brother, F. P. The father of this family was well and favorably known to the people of the county, having been prominent in public affairs, and serving as Sheriff of the county some years. At his death he owned eight hundred and forty acres of land and left an estate of about $30,000. His death occurred January 27, 1879, when he was sixty-six years old. The mother of Samuel W. Carson is still a strong and healtiiy woman, looks after the affairs of the farm, and does much of her household work. The father of Samuel W. was in some respects a remarkable man, having made most of his property after the doctors pronounced him in the last stages of consumption. Our subject was reared on the farm and had good educational advantages until he left home at sixteen years of age. At this time he .accepted a clerkship in his brother P. J. 's store at Tunnel Hill, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 285 and remained with him until the lattcr's death, Au- gust 7, 1890, at the age of 'thirt3-, when he left a wife and two children. Samuel W. Carson opened his store in November, 1891. He is a single man, and ii.as a promising future. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Odd Fellows' fra- ternity. DRIULIA DUNN is worthy of the respect in ; which he is held as one of the pioneers of ^ Johnson County who has borne an active ' '\ part in the development of its agricultural resources, and in promoting its growth. He came here more than half a century ago in. the vigor of early manhood, and settling in the primeval forests of this section, bent all his energies to the hard task of hewing out a farm and building up a home in what is now Vienna Township, and amid the peaceful scenes of his former labors he is pass- ing the declining years of a busy life in serenitj'' and comfort. Our subject was born in Robinson County, Tenn., .Tune 12, 1817, the sixth child of Levi Dunn, a farmer and a tanner, who was also a native of that county. He was killed while yet in the prime of life by his team running awa}- with him. He was a son of Azariah Dunn, who was an earh' set- tler of Robinson County, where he had a farm, and was a man of considerable influence. He helped to build the first hewed-log house erected in Nashville, Tenn. The parents of our subject had the following children: .Tohn, who died in Robinson Count}-, Tenn.; Azariah, who died in Tennessee; Henry, a farmer in Vienna Township; Jane and Hannah, who died in Tennessee; Priulia; Alabutus, who died in Tennessee; Levi, a resident of Tennessee; Calantha V., deceased, wife of John Jones; and two who died in infancy. Priulia Dunn had but very little chance to ob- tain an education, as there were either no schools in his native place when he was a boy, or they were irregular in session and the teachers incom- petent. He, however, had an unlimited oppor- tunit}' to learn farming on his father's fai"m, and he made the old homestead his home until ho was twenty-one. That year he was married to Edna Draugou, a native of Tennessee, and he decided to avail himself of the advantages offered by the cheap lands and rich virgin soil of Illinois to make a home for himself and bride. The young couple journeyed to their destination in Johnson County in a wagon, and after his arrival Mr. Dunn selected his future dwelling-place in a dense forest, his land lying on section 25, township 13, range 3, and this he purchased of the Government. He lived with a brother for a time, and cleared some ground for a crop of corn, and when he had harvested it, built a log cabin, covered with clap- boards, and moved into it. The trees upon his place were the growth of centuries, and man}' of them ver}' large, and it required a great deal of hard labor to remove them, some of them having to be burned to get them out of the way. He had to saw his lumber with a whipsaw, and before that the floor of his cabin had been made of puncheon. He being one of the earl}' settlers, he had no near neighbors, and he and his wife often felt lonesome in the great woods so far from their old friends, and often wished themselves back in Tennessee. But hard work and plenty of it kept them from repining too much. They courage- ously faced the dangers and hardships of life in the wilderness, with its accompanying privations and sacrifices, such as the young people of to-day cannot realize. There were no mills, no schools and no churches, except at a great distance, and, of course, no social advantages. Mr. Dunn had the energy and ability to sur- mount the ditticulties that lay in his pathway, and in time had his land, to which he had added forty acres by subsequent purchase, making eighty acres in all, the size of his present farm. This he has ad- mirably tilled, and made many substantial improve- ments. In 1855 he built his present residence, which was the first good frame house ever erected in this section of the county, and his other buildings are of a good class. He is a man of sterling merit, up- right in principle and in act, is well known in the county, and is greatly esteemed by the people among whom he has lived and labored so long. 286 ]'()in'KAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL R15V1EW. Age lias louclied him but lightly, for although he has passed the milestone that marks a long and useful life of seventy-live years, he is in good health, and retains his mental and physical activ- ity in a remarkable degree. He still takes a deep interest in all that concerns tiie township, espec- ially in educational matters, and is iSchool Di- rector. He has been a member of the Township Hoard of Trustees, and has alwaj's done his duty as a loyal citizen. Politically', he is a strong sup- porter of the Democratic partj'. The wife of our subiect'.s early uianliuod died June 1, 1860, and was laid to rest in Keid Ceme- terj', in what is now Grantsburg Township. In 1862 he contracted a marriage with Elizabeth Meddows, a native of Kentuckj'. She died in 1878, and her mortal remains were placed in the same cemetery .as those of his first wife. In 1880 Mr. Dunn was married a third time, Mrs. Nancy Slack, nee Wymore, becoming his wife. By his first marriage Mr. Dunn had nine children: Will- iam S., who was a soldier in the late war, and gave np his life for his country at Nashville, Tenn.; Miles K., a farmer in Johnson County; Martha Jane, wife of George Calhoun, of Tunnel Hill; Edna Elizabeth, who is deceased; James, a resident of Metropolis; Charles A., a farmer in Johnson Count.y; Louisa, Mrs. Gage, a resident of Johnson County; and two who died in infanc3'. There was one child born of his second wife, Sarah Ann, wife of Williaiii Wymore, of tliis county. EARNER PEARCE. of Johnson County, was born in township 12 March 6, 1829, and is ■^$S>5) now pleasantl}- located in Elvira Township, of the same count3'. His father, Arthur Pearce, was born in North Carolina, and his father, McKinney Pearce, was, from the best information obtainable, born in England. On coming to America he set- tled in North Carolina, bvit afterward removed to Maury County, Tenn.. an(I was one of the pioneer settlers in that county, where he followed the vo- cation of a school teacher, in the meantime engag- ing some in farm pursuits. He followed both oc- cupations for a livelihood the remainder of his life, working his farm with slave labor, and he spent his last days in Maury County. Arthur Pearce, the father of the subject of this sketch, was reared and married in Tennessee, and resided there until about 1823, when, accompanied by his wife and four children, he came to Illinois, by wa}' of steamer, and located in what is now Union County, on land which his father-in-law had previously bought. He resided there until 18;J2, and then settled on a tract of Government land near Mos- cow, where he built a house and improved a por- tion of the land, upon which he lived for three years. He then sold his interest and removed to another tract of Government land, in Johnson County, upon which he made some improvements, and lived thereuntil about 1842. At this time he located on another tract in the same township, which he improved but did not enter, and soon afterward sold his interest in it and returned to Union County, where he lived one year. At this period he returned to Elvira Township, and set- tled on another tract of Government land, which he soon disposed of, and, his wife having died in the meantime, he made his home with his children until 18.52. He then bought a tract of land on section 16, and resided there a few years, and fin- ally made his home with his ciiildren until his death, which occurred in 1872. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Elizabeth Bissell, who was born in Tennessee. Her father, Isaac Bissell, was a native of North Carolina, but removed from that State to Tennes- see and settled in Williamson Count3', removing from there to Illinois about the j-ear 1821. He lo- cated in Union County, and entered two tracts of Government land near the present site of Anna, and there spent his last daj's. His wife died in 1816, having reared eight children, viz: William, Stokely, Isaac N., Kayford, Emily, (Earner, Maiy and Elizabeth. Garner Pearce received his education in the pio- neer schools of Illinois, each family pacing tuition fees according to the number of children sent. The PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 287 house was built of logs, and the floors, seats and desks were all constructed of split timber in its rough state. There were no backs to the seats, no desks in front, and a section of the log was cut out to form windows, which were covered with oiled paper instead of the glass of modern times. There were no railroads for years after his father settled in this county, and the towns on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers were the markets for every- thing the people had to sell, hence were the prin- cipal depots for supplies. The people lived piin- cipally off the products of the land and wild game, which was then very plentiful. Farm work was done on a different jjlan from what it is at tlie present time, for all grain was cut with the reap- ing hook, there were no threshing-machines, and it was customar}' for the farmers to clear a place on the ground, spread their grain out, and have it tramped out by their horses. There being no fan- ning mills, the farmers built platforms and turned the wheat from a measure, while two men stand- ing below fanned the grain with a sheet as it fell. Gristmills in those days were not very numerous, and the few that did exist were usually run by horse power, making it very inconvenient for those living six or seven miles away, who had to wait two days for their grist to be ground. Garner.Pearce resided with his parents until he reached manhood, and then started for himself "even with the world." He received $8 per month and his board during the summer season, and in the winter worked for his board and at- tended school. He continued working out until 1852, when he made his first purchase of land, comprising forty acres on section 16, Elvira Town- ship. About two years later he entered a tract of Government land adjoining his first purchase, and soon after bought another forty of his father, to which he added another adjoining tract of forty acres, making one hundred and sixt}' acres in one body. In 1872, he increased his landed posses- sions by adding a tract of ninety acres, and about twelve years later an improved farm of two hun- dred acres. While Mr. Pearce has been for the most part a farmer, he has not confined himself exclusively to that pursuit, for in 18.'i3 he rented his farm and engaged in the mercantile business in Caciie Precinct. Tiiis, however, continued only a short time, when he sold out and clerked a few months, after which he resumed his former occu- pation of farming, and continued to follow it un- til 1877, when he again engaged in mercantile business in Bloomfield. Mr. Pearce continued in this line for a few montiis, when he erected a store building on the corner of his farm, which he de- voted to the cariying on of the mercantile busi- ness until 1890. In 1855, our suliject was married to Eliza J. Canady, who was born in Hickman County, Ky., and was the daughter of Jefferson and Mary Canady. By this marriage BIr. Pearce became the father of three children: Bundy, Mary and Eliza. Bundy married Amanda Ragsdale, and has two children, Blaine and Albert. Eliza married Frank Noble, and has three children: Bessie, Harry and Ma3'. Mr. Pearce is a Republican in politics, and with his wife works energetically in the Baptist Church. He and his son are members of the Odd Fellows' lodge at Moscow. Our subject is now residing on his first purchase of Government land, which he has excellently improved with all the modern conveniences and appliances essential to a successful farm pursuit. ■^AMES J. SIM. Among the pioneers and 1 native sons of Pope County, no one has =J. j been more interested in its success and ^^^fJ progress than has the gentleman of whom we write, who has been a witness of great changes in the development of this region. He was born January 14, 1829, in Golconda, and well remem- bers in his boyhood seeing large herds of deer and wild game of various descriptions. Our subject is a son of William and Frances E. (Jack) Sim, the former a native -of Aberdeen, Scotland, and the latter of the Keystone State. AVilliam Sim emigrated to America in the early part of the year 1800, and acted as surgeon on the sailing-vessel in which he crossed the Atlantic. 288 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. It was Ills intention to locate in Natchez, Miss., but, crossing tiie country to Pittsburg, he tlierc took passage on a boat plying the Ohio, but was only enabled to go as far as (iolconda. 111., on ac- count of the severe winter, and the freezing up of the rivers. He therefore made the best of his disappointment, located in the place, and com- menced to practice. Ilis intention was to proceed on his journey south in the spring, but this plan he never carried out, as he found there was plenty of work for him to do in this region, and more- over he was pleased with the country. After a time he returned on a trip to Pennsylvania, where he was married, and then, coming back to this .State, he continued his general medical practice in this locality until his death. When he first located at this point there were only about twelve families here, and his practice extended for many miles into adjoining counties. He was active and vig- orous until shortlj' before his death, in 1858. The subject of this sketch remained with his parents until the death of his father, attending the county schools. The schoolhousc was built of logs, with a fireplace extending across one end of the building, and the seats made of roughly hewed planks. He afterward pursued his studies for a time at Cumberland College, in Princeton, Ky., and also had the advantages of a private school at Shawneetown, and practical training in a commer- cial school at Cincinnati. His Hist situation was on a wliarfboat, on which he worked for about five years. He then embarked in the mercantile business in Johnson Country, where the village of Grantsburg now is, and ran a store for about three years, when he sold out. For several years he was on the river, running back and forth on flatboats and steamers. While in that business he has purchased from two to three thousand pounds of venison in one single da^', as deer and wild game were more plentiful and cheaper than any other kind of meat. In February of 1862 he was appointed Quartermaster at Smithon, Ky., and in 1865 returned to Illinois, taking a posi- tion as clerk in a store at Goleonda, and holding the same for several years. In September, 1878, he accepted the position on the wliarfboat at this city, and has held the same up to the present time. In December, 1878, Mr. Sim and Miss Louisa Williams were united in marriage. The lady was born in Greensburgh, Ky., August 2, 1847, and is possessed of a good education and social attain- ments. Mr. Sim is liberal in his religious belief, but is rather inclined to favor the Presb3terian faith. He casts his ballot in favor of the nominees and principles advocated by the Democratic party, and socially he is a member of Goleonda Lodge No. 131, A. F. ife A. M., and of the Royal Arch Masons. In this county, where he has passed almost his entire life and is necessarily well known, he stands high in the estimation of all, as a man of honorable and unblemished character, his life being an open book to be seen and read of all men. \f; OGAN RANDOLPH. It has been truly 11 ^ said that the farmers are the bone and sinew JLA'^ of the country's prosperity, and in no land is that fact more apparent than in this glorious home of liberty. The}' are indeed an important factor in the stability and steadfastness which have made this Republic of so much more importance in the world than her sister Republic, France. We see in our subject a worthy example of those who in this walk of life have done so much, and indeed the greater part, towards strengthening the bul- warks of the Nation and advancing her prosperity. Soon after the war, Mr. Randolph purchased a tract of eighty acres of land in Pope County, on section 27, township 13, range 5. To this original purchase as a nucleus he has added as the years passed, until his farm now numbers four hundred acres all in a body. Logan Randolph was born in Wilson C(ninty. Tenn., July 30, 1842, and was the son of Samuel and Mary (McCroy) Randolith, who were likewise natives of the same State. The paternal grand- parents of our subject, John and Mar.y Ann Ran- dolph, were among the first settlers of Pope County-. The former was a farmer by occupation, and owned large tracts of land in this locality, where his PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 289 death occurred about the year 1834. Samuel Ran- dolph emigrated to Illinois with his father, and settled on a farm near the latter 's home. He was married in Tennessee, and with his wife made the journey to Illinois in wagons, taking about throe weeks to cover the distance. Thej' led a gyps}' life, cooking aud camping out on the way, and crossing the Ohio River at the village of Golconda. Mr. Randolph was numbered among the enterpris- ing farmers and stock-raisers of the county, where he resided until the spring of 1880, when he was called to the home beyond. Our subject was one of four children, and re- mained on the old homestead until sixteen j-ears of age. He was entirely' without school privileges, but learned to read and write while in the .army. He has always made the most of what .advantages were at his command, aud through his observation and wise si'stem of reading has become conversant with all essential matters occupj'ing the minds of the average citizen of to-day. When oulj' eighteen j'ears of age he enlisted as a private soldier in Companj' A, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry. The date of his enlistment was July 8, 1862, the place being Vienna, 111. With his regi- ment he took an active part in many important battles of the war, among which were the siege and surrender of Vicksburg, and the battles of Gun- town (Miss.) and of East Port, in the same State. He received an honorable discharge at Memphis, Tenn., September 16, 1865, having been in active service for three years. Owing to the hardships, exposure and. fatigue which he was forced to bear, he sustained injuries to his health from which he still suffers. In this township, February 14, 1867, Mr. Ran- dolph married Miss Sarah E. Abbott, who was born on the same farm where she is still living, on Jan- uary 30, 1852. Her father, who was a prosperous farmer and a respected citizen of this township for a number of years, was born in Tennessee. Her niotiier, a native of Illinois, in the early days carded, wove and spun the cloth from which she constructed the garments for the whole family'. Mr. and Mrs. Randolph have ten children living, who are as follows: David H., John F., Chailie L., Jjisper X., Isaac, George W., Elmer, Ida, Eddie and Vida. Our subject, who is liberal in his re- ligious views, is not a member of any denomina- tion, but socially holds membership with Temple Hill Lodge No. 701, A. F. & A. M. He is a School Director, in which position he has served faith- full3' for nine years, and politicallj-, votes in favor of the Democracy. ^a^^i I^EV. JOHN S. WHITTENBERG was [IWr born in Blount County, E. Tenn., in 1823 iSi flt and now makes his home in Tunnel Hill Township, Johnson County. His father, William AYhittenberg, was born in 1803, on the same farm, and was a son of Henrj' Whittenberg, Sr., who was born in Wittenberg, Germany, and came to the United States in an early da}'. He was a man of limited means, aud settled in Blount County, Tenn., on wild land soon after the Revolutionary War, while Tennessee was still a Territory. He married Mary Pate, of German an- cestiy, with whom he lived happily for man}- j-ears and reared five sons and four daughters. Three of the former were soldiers in the War of 1812 under Gen. Jackson. The names of these nine children were as follows: Henry, Daniel, Joseph, Matthew, William (father of Rev. John S.), Mar\-, Sarah, Betsj' and Margaret, who all became heads of fam- ilies and lived to a good old age. The grandfa- ther of our subject removed to Illinois in 1840 or 1841 from Tennessee, where he had acquired six hundred acres of land, out of which he gave each of his sons a farm. Their son Joseph, and daugh- ter .Sarah, wife of John Phillips, were the first of the family to come to Illinois, which was soon after it had become a State. John Phillips was the Representative of his count}', Washington, several years, and was one of the framers of the Constitution of the State. Joseph Whittenberg went back to Tennessee and brought his aged parents to Illinois on a visit, but they liked Illinois equally as well as Tennessee, and sold their property in that State and made this their home 290 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAr. REVIEW. the rest of their lives, llie mother flying :it the age of eighty-one ^-ears, being followed to the land of rest hy her husband a few years later. Both were intelligent people, retaining their strengtii and mental faculties to the hust, and belonged to the Methodist Church, of which the3' were active mem- bers for a number of j-ears. William Whitten- berg, the father of oursubject, married .Miss Nancy Smith, daughter of .lohn M. Smith, a Methodist clergymen possessed of much ability, and a classical education. Mrs. Whittenberg was born March 7, 1800, in Virginia, in which State her mother, Nancy- Dyson, who was related to William Henry Harrison, President of the United States, was also born. The parents of Rev. John S. Wiiittenberg were farmers in Tennessee, where the father died in 1842, only thirty-nine 3'ears old, leaving his widow and eight cliildren, four sons and four daughters, and having prcviousl}- buried two infant sons. About two years after the death of the father the remainder of the family moved to ITenry County, Tenn., and in the winter of 1845 came to.Iohnson County, III. Their first home was in Grantsburg Township, where they entered forty acres of land and bought thirty- six acres, upon which there was already a little im- provement, a few acres cleared and a small log cabin. Here they made a good farm, which re- mained the home of the mother until her death, June 24, 1868, in her sixty-ninth year, when her remains were interred in the Salem Cemetery. Her husband and two children arc buried in Ten- nessee, and one son and a daughter are buried in Grantsburg Township. Rev. John S. Whittenberg and his sister Ma- linda, wife of Elihu Vaughn, reside in this town- ship on good farms. Sarah, widow of Kit Peter- son, resides in Goreville Township, and Matthew is a well-to-do farmer of Pope County. Our sub- ject was reared a farmer and had but nine months' schooling before he was twelve years old, and at- tended school but fifteen daj's during his fifteenth year. His mother was, however, well educated and taught her children the common branches, which helped them considerably, and all are at the present time well-informed young men and women. One brother, William P., is a wealthy farmer in Bloomfield Township. Rev. Mr. Whittenberg taught a term of school when he was twenty-three years old, and afterward taught during the win- ter months foi- thirty-five years, becoming very ellicient in ihal piofossion. He was School Su- perintendent of Johnson Count}' twt) terms, and organized the first school institute in the county, conducting it himself for four years. He has also been a local preacher in tiie Methodist Church for thirty-two jears. Our subject was married February 15, 1853, to Isabella Gregg, of Kentucky, but who was a resi- dent of Metropolis, Massac County, this State, and a daughter of William and Dorcas (Clavton) Gregg, who were the first settlers of Massac County. Mr. Gregg was a farmer, and for some years a hotel- keeper at Metropolis, and it was at his hotel that Rev. ]Mr. Whittenberg met Miss Isabella and his fate. They began married life in the log cabin on the same farm where thej' now live, which comprised forty acres of new land. He added to the forty- acres from time to time until he owned over three hundred acres, some of which he has since sold, and now owns onlj- one hundred and eighty-five acres, one hundred of which are under good culti- vation. Living in the log cabin a few years, Mr. Whittenberg built, in the fall of 1861, a part of the present house, which is a good two-story build- ing, partly frame and partly hewed logs, weather- boarded and ceiled inside. He lived economically and worked industriously until enabled to make an improvement on it in 1867, and twenty-five years later added an addition. Rev. Mr. Whittenberg has taken ten degrees in Masonry and has been connected with the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows since 1877. He has represented the Grand Masonic Lodge some fifteen times and takes a strong stand in politics, being one of the organizers of the Republican party in this county. He could not well :;yoid being a Republican, for he had stood on the slave markets in the South and seen families separated, at which all the finer sensibilities of human nature must revolt. Mr. and Mrs. Whittenberg have lost four infant children, and one son, John W., who died in his eighteenth year, and was a teacher one year before his untimely death, in May, 1887. Our subject and his wife have eight children liv- ^u_Sl[Jt-MCLOr Vi'.lL,/;,:v* P. H 1 LL IVi AN , 5lC , G . L.L\' ; R A TP. J OH, U.5'.i.. CO . ! LL RrDlDFNCE ur lOSIftH PGCiRL, Fi ~ C^ H t LG L. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 293 ing, two sons and six daughters, namely: Ellen, wife of James Harrell, who has three sons and four daughters; Adeline, wife of G. W. Hood, who has two sons and one daughter; Sarah, a school teacher at Carbondale; Necy, engaged in the mil- linery business at Tunnel Hill Township; Belle, who is a young lad}' and at home; Alonzo, a farmer and teacher, who was married to Eva Race, and has one daughter; William C"., at liome; and Flora, a young lady still with her parents. Rev. Mr. Whittenberg is the youngest man of his years in this part of the country and is still very active, engaging still in some hard work. He in- herited a splendid physical and mental nature, and has done his share of the work of the world. '• ' ^^ SPENCER E. VAUGHN is well worth.)- of being represented in the chronicles of the enterprising farmers and honored pioneers of Pope County, as he is a member of one of the early pioneer families, and has himself been actively interested in everything pertaining to the development and progress of this region. He is one of the most extensive farmers of township 12, range 7, his propert}' being located on section 21, and with the exception of his father's old home- stead of one hundred and eighty acres, it is all lo- cated in a body. He has been for many years eu- g.aged in serving his fellow-citizens in various im- portant positions, having been Constable for twelve years, a portion of the time acting as Deputy Sheriff; Justice of the Pe.ace for eight years and for half that time Overseer of the Poor. In the latter position the only criticism passed upon him was for helping the poor and dependent more than was considered necessar}' by the frugal and saving members of societ}-, who are, and not alto- gether without reason, opposed to making such a charitable institution too inviting to the general public. Our subject was born in this township in 184.3, his father and mother being Jackson and Nancj' 15 (Edwards) Vaughn. The former, who was born in this county in 1815, was a son of George Vaughn, of North Carolina, one of the earliest set- tlers of tills region, to which he came in 1808, bringing his wife and three children. For that time tliej- were in good circumstances financially, though thej- were obliged to make the journey in what would now be considered emigrant style, coming in an old-fashioned cart drawn by horses. On their arrival in Illinois they settled at a point about three miles west of our subject's home, at the famous spring known as the Cummins Spring, one of the best in this part of the county. They made a permanent home there and made a number of improvements upon the place. Their family comprised five sons and four daughters, of whom Jackson was the fifth in order of birth. Onlj^two of the famil}^ are now living: Charles, a farmer in Tennessee, and Rebecca, widow of Squire Wallace. Jackson Vaughn married Miss Nancj' Edwards, a native of Western Tennessee, and daughter of Spencer Edwards, a Baptist minister, who preached in this neighborhood from 1820 to 1830. Our subject's parents were married in Illinois in 1833, and with the exception of the year 1836, which thej' passed in Belmont, Miss., they were residents of this county during the remainder of their lives. They reared a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters, and lost three children who died young. The father died in 1865, at the age of lift}' years, leaving an estate of one hundred and eight}' acres of land, well stocked, and some money. After surviving her husband seventeen years Mrs. Vaughn also departed this life, in 1882, at which time she was aged seventj'-two years. William, the brother of our subject, died in July, 1888, aged fifty-one years. He left a fam- ily of four sons and two daughters. Thomas, who died in the winter of 1888, aged fortj'-three years, left a wife and four children. George was a vol- unteer in Company A, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and was in service for over three years, much of his time being spent as a clerk in one or other of the departments. He was called from the shores of time in May, 1889, at the age of fifty-five years, leaving a wife and five children. The living members of the family are: 294 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Sarali Ann, wife of Jolin G. C'uUem, a farmer of lliis township; Elizabeth C, wife of John Tucker, who is also engagerl in farming in this locality; Harriet A., widow of Abraham S. Harger, who lives on a faim in Golconda Township; our sub- ject, next in order of birth; Nancy M., wife of William Black, a farmer in Kansas; Martha, wife of John A. Finney, of Golconda Township, and Frances A., wife of W. C. Mathews, a railroad en- gineer in Kansas. Mr. Vaughn was a volunteer in the One Hundred and Twentietij Illinois Infantry, being a member of Company A. Enlisting during the first part of the war, when only in his seventeenth j'ear, he was returned to his parents by the authorities, as he was under the age required by the recruit- ing officers. He was in camp for two months at Holl3' Springs, Miss., and was then discharged on account of poor health. When only nineteen he was married to Miss Mary L. Ilazell, their union being celebrated in April, 1862. Mrs. Vaughn died within thirteen months, and her little infant daughter soon followed her. Mr. Vaughn ne.xt married Miss Sarah Jane Lamar, who was born and reared to womanhood in Har- din County, and who was a daughter of Elijah Lamar. Mrs. Vaughn died in 1875, leaving an in- fant son, Loren F., who is now eighteen years of age, and is attending school. Our subject mar- ried for his third wife Miss Minerva Lambert, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Shelby) Lam- bert, the former of Tennessee, and the latter of Hardin County. Mrs. Vaughn was born in this county, and by lier marriage became the mother of two sons and six daughters. The tvvo sons died in inf.incy, and the remaining members of the family' are as follows: Mildred L., Minerva C, Nora D., Melissa F., Anna E. and Dosliia M. Mr. Vaughn has met with marked success in his business enterprises, having purchased his home- stead in 1875. His farm now comprises seven hundred and eighty-five acres, having grown from his former small possessions of one hundred acres, which he purch.ised in 1867 for $500. Four hun- dred acres are under good cultivation, and in addi- tion to growing large crops of wheat and corn he raises Irish potatoes quite extensively, sometimes as many as two thousand bushels per annum. He keeps horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, and makes a specialty of breeding good horses. Among the number is a fine young stallion of Clydesdale and "Gold Dust" pedigree. He is perfect in color, size and style, and is considered a veiy valuable animal. Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn are members of the Christian Church, of which our subject is an Elder, and devoted to her best interests. *■ ! \T' ASPER N. MAYNOK. Probably no gentle- man is better known in Pope County than is our subject, who has been engaged in teaching school for a period of twenty- three jears, and has met with great success in the educational field. He also carries on a fertile farm of three hundred acres, located on section 6, township 12, range 6, and altogether owns seven hundred acres in Pope County. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising and is progress- ive and enterprising in his methods of carrj-ingon the farm. The place is very desirable and valua- ble, and since he became the owner he has added greatly to its appearance. Mr. Maynor's paternal grandparents were Isaiah and Sarah (Stone) Maynor, who were both natives of the Old Dominion, where they passed their en- tire lives. Our subject's parents were Forris F. and Nanc3' (Cantrell) Maynor, the latter a native of North Carolina. The father was born in Vir- ginia and emigrated to Illinois in the year 1854, making the journey from Tennessee in a wagon and being some six weeks on the way. Resettled in .Jefferson County, 111., and afterward rented land in Franklin County for about four j-ears. The mother was called from the shores of time in 1858, or only a short time after coming to this State. The father survived a number of j'ears, dj'ing in Franklin County in 1870. Jasper Maynor was thrown upon his own re- sources to a large extent when but a mere bo,v. His birth occurred in East Tennessee July 14, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 295 1842, and when sixteen 3'ears of age he started out to acquire his first schooling. The log cabin schooliiouse was furnished with the crudest itind of deslcs and seats, the floor being of niothei earth. Me was of a studious disposition and for some years made it his chief endeavor to fit himself for the sterner duties of life with a good education, attending the best schools in the county and after- ward receiving a teacher's certificate. The war brealjing out about this time, he enlisted, August 14, 1862, in Company E, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, at Golconda. He was a loyal and faithful soldier and was always found in the front ranks during a battle. He took part in many important engagements, among which we mention Milliken's Bend, the siege of Vicksburg, and the battle of Guntown, in Mississippi. He was activel}' eng.aged all through the war, and was honorabl)' discharged at Memphis, Tenn., being mustered out at Springfield, 111., September 10, 1865. Returning to this county, he again obtained a certificate for teaching and taught his flrstschool in district No. 4, of this township. On the 12th of August, 1862, Mr. Maynor was united in marriage with Sarah A. Frieze, who with her parents was a native of Tennessee. Mrs. Maynor departed this life September 17, 1884. April 4, 1885, our subject was married to Miss Mary M. Williams, who was born in April, 1866, in this county. Her father was a native of Virginia and her mother of Tennessee. Mr. Maynor has seven living children, all by his first marriage, as follows: Ida A., Devolcurt N., Malissa M., Vesta J., Era D., Eflie B. and Horace G. By his second union he had the following: Lois V., deceased; .John W., who was born August 12, 1875, and died October 18, 1878; and Lois V., who was born April 8, 1887, aud died August 11, 1892. Our subject and his esteemed wife are members of tiie Methodist Episcopal Church at Eddyville, in which village Mr. Maynor holds membership with the following lodges: No. 672, A. F. ct A. M.; No. 615, L 0.0. F.,and Green Waters Post No. 539, G. A. R. The cause of education finds in our subject a particularly spirited champion, and for the past sixteen years he has been School Trustee. In 1890 he was elected County Superintendent of Schools, his term expiring in 1894. He has been Justice of the Peace for four years and for the same length of time Police Magistrate in P^ddyville. He has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school and an active worker in church circles for a number of years. Politically, he is independent, choosing to cast his vote in favor of the nominees whom he considers most devoted to the interests of the peo- ple, regardless of party names. 'JI'OHN F. WRIGHT, proprietor of the Simp- son Flour Mill, and one of the successful young business men of Johnson County, 1 was born in Vienua October 25, 1858, a son of John Wright. The latter was a native of Ala- bama, born March 10, 1828, and he in turn was a son of Isaac Wright, who emigrated from that State to Illinois in 1835, and was one of the pio- neers of .Johnson County. Isaac Wright's wife was Martha Davis. The father of our subject was seven years old when his parents brought him to Illinois, and he was reared and educated at Vienna. He learned the trade of a millwright, and engaged in that and in milling until death closed his career. He was twice mar- ried. His first wife, to whom he was wedded in April, 1849, was Sarah Newton and she died May 7, 1856. His second marriage, which occurred January 15, 1857, was to Mary J. Copeland. She was born in Massac County, a daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth (Ashley) Copeland. She was mar- ried a second time, to a Mr. Parker, and resides in Vienna. The subject of this brief life record received an excellent education in the schools of Vienna, and as the age of sixteen commenced to learn the trade of a millwright, which he still pursues. In 1888 he and Mr. J. B. Kuykendall entered into partner- ship to build a mill in Simpson for the manufac- ture of flour, and he has since operated it. The mill is furnished with the most approved modern 296 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. niachiiier.v for making flour by the best process, and sends a snperior grade of tliat article to the markets. It is operated both as a merchant and a custom mill and has a capacity of fifty barrels a day. Our subject was married in 187(! to IMiss Omega AVoelfle, a native of Canada. They have estab- lished a pleasant home, and their household circle is completed by tiie two children born to them, Efiie and Fred. Mr. Wright is a stalwart Repub- lican and is always true to his party. He is a member m high standing of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. & A. M.: and of Delta Lodge No. 772, I. O. O. F. JAMES H. JOHNSON, one of the well-known farmers of Johnson County, owns a farm on section 1, township 12, range 4. lie a na- tive of Pope County, born near New Dixon Springs, November 9, 1825, to Lewis Johnson, who w^as a native of Greene County, Tenn., his birth having occurred in 1804. The latter was a son of Thomas, a native of North Carolina and a farmer by occupation, and died in Tennessee at a ripe old age, leaving a family of six children, of whom Lewis was the eldest. Our subject's grandmother, whose maiden name was Frances Ilerriugton, died in Missouri in 1858, aged about seventy-five years. Lewis Johnson was married in Pope County in the year 1824, to Miss Tennessee AVard, of Kentucky. To them were born five children, three sous and two daughters, of whom our sub- ject is the eldest, and with a brother, Thomas, is the only surviving member of the family. The mother of these children died on the old home- stead in Pope County in 1837, while still in earlj' womanhood, being only about thirty years of age. The father was afterwards married, and departed this life in Missouri May 9, 1873, aged sixty-nine }'ears. James H. Johnson was reared on his father's farm and had few educational advantages. In his twenty-first year he left home and was married in Massac County, III., to P. M. Jackson, who was born in Henry County, Tenn., in 1820. Iler par- ents, \\llliam II. and Rhoda (Wright) Jackson, were natives of Indiana and Tennessee, respect- ively. The father was a farmer by occupation and became a resident of Massac County, 111., in 1841. He and his son James II. prepared the grounds for the court house in Metropolis, clearing away the timber and stumps. The mother died in 1846, leaving a family of five sons and five daughters, while her husband survived her many years, d^ing in 1868, at which time he had reached the age of seventy-two years. Of the large famil}- of broth- ers and sisters, Mrs. Johnson and one brother, James II., are the only surviving members. He is a farmer of Massac County and in his early man- hood was noted for his courage, physical strength and agility. At Metropolis he once swam the Ohio River, and, like his father before him, was a model of great physical strength. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson began housekeeping in Metropolis on a very small scale, their cash capital amounting to only 11.35. They rented a house in the village, which was then a very small one, and raised a crop on rented land. Their eldest child, James II., is a minister in the Baptist Church, and a daughter, who was commoul}' called Alice, became the wife of Samuel W. Hester. She was christened Sarah Elizabeth Clementine Rhoda Tennessee Catherine Alice Ann Virginia, and died in 1887, leaving two sons. Our subject and wife have the foUowinglivingchildren: James H.,who is married and has a son and two daughters; Lewis G., a farmer of Mass.ac Count\'; Eli W., who is a railroad man, his residence being in Brooklyn, this State; William T., who carries on a farm near his father's residence and has a family' of five sons and two daughters; and Charles F., a railroad man living at Cairo, 111., who has a family comprising a wife and two sons. They have also buried two infant sons. The eldest of the family, James H., was with his father in the army, both being members of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry. Our subject was, however, first a member of Company M, Light Artillery, en- listing in 1861 and serving in that regiment until August 29, 1863, when he returned and re-enlisted PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 297 in March, 1865, in Compan3- M. At the erwl of one year's service father and son were both honor- ably discharged. Mr. Johnson, Sr., has been an in- valid for manyj'ears, much of the time being con- fined to his bed as a result of the privations and hardships of his service in the defense of the Union. He is one of the worthy pensioners of Uncle Sam and is patiently awaiting his last discharge and final promotion. He and his sons are true-blue Re- publicans, and are esteemed members of the Bap- tist Cliurch. ■M '.f OHN THOMAS GH'.SON, who has lived on his present farm in (ioreville Township for the past ten years, was born in Calloway County, Ky., in 1855. He is a son of George E. (iibson, who was born in Middle Tennessee in 1824, and who is now a farmer in Goreville Town- ship. Of George E. Gibson, whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, it is often said that there is no better citizen or neighbor in Johnson Count}'. Our subject, John T. Gibson, is one of a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters, and he is the third child and first son. There are now but five of these seven children living. He was reared on the farm and received a fair common-school education, and afterward spent one term at Ewing College. He then taught district school one term, and remained at home until he was twenty-four years old. He was mar- ried February 1, 1880, to Ida Whitnell, who was born in Johnson County in 1863. She is a daugh- ter of Constantine and Matilda (Jones) Whitnell, the former of whom is from Kentuck}-, and the latter a native of Johnson County. He died in Goreville Township at his farm home in 1865 in the prime of life, at about fift}- years of age. His widow is now Mrs. Michael McNeely, her husband being a farmer of Goreville Township. She had four children bj' her first husband, two sons and two daughters, and by her present husband she has five children living, three sons and two daugh- ters. She has buried two sons and two daughters. Mrs. Gibson is the onl}- one living by her first husband. Constantine Whitnell was a brother of D. J. AVhitnell, who was a farmer and physician, and who dying left a good estate. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson have four sons and two daughters, viz: Charles, twelve years old; Nettie, ten; Ernest, seven; Oscar, five; Lindolph, three; and Ruth, four months. These children, all that are old enough to study, take great interest in their books, and are all bright and promising chil- dren. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson began married life on their own little forty-acre farm. After living upon it one year he sold out and farmed on his father's farm two years, and in the fall of 1883 they moved to their present fai-m of one hundred and twenty acres, a dowry from Mrs. Gibson's father. They have since added forty acres to the farm, making it consist now of one hundred and sixty acres. This is a good farm, having one hundred acres under cultivation. Mr. Gibson carries on general farming, raising for the most part wheat and corn. While he is not cropping his farm heavil}-, he is bringing it up b}' a system of rota- tion of crops and frequent seeding down. His wlieat yields about twentj' bushels per acre, and his corn about forty bushels. He has just enough of live-stock, horses, cattle and sheep for his own use, and does not raise to sell. Mr. Gibson is a Republican, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. 1^ AVID LEVERETT is a well-to-do farmer )jj of township 12, range 6, his homestead being located on section 8. He was born June 2, 1834, being a son of Martin and Elizabeth (Coekrachn) Levcrett. The father was born in North Carolina, and emigrated to Illinois at an early da}-, the journey being made in 298 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. wagons, and occup^'ing two months. Tliey camped at night and took tlieir meals on the way, crossing the Ohio River at Barker's Ferry. He entered land in Pope County, there commenced farming, and reared his family. For a great many years he was ranked among the enterprising agriculturists of this region, and when he was called from this life in 18G5 his loss was deeply felt by his many friends. Mis wife did not long survive him, join- ing her husband and companion in 1871. Until nineteen years of age David Leverett passed his time on his father's farm, attending the common schools of the district. He rented land in this and Saline Counties, but had not long con- tinued in agricultural pursuits when the shadows of the coming war began to gather darkly on the horizon. On September 25, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Illinois Light Artillery, at Shawnee- town, and was in active service during the entire war, receiving an honorable discharge at Chicago July 16, 1865. Returning to this neighborhood, he purchased a tract of one hundred and twentj^ acres in Pope Count}', where he lived for three years, and then having a chance to dispose of the place at a good advantage he did so, and removed to Missouri, where he only remained a short time. Returning to Illinois, he resided for two years in Johnson County, the following eight years being spent in Saline County. In this county in the year 1885 he became the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of land, to the cultivation of which he devoted himself for about four years, when he sold the place and purchased the one where he now resides, which comprises seventy- four acres on section 8. He is engaged in general farming, and is ver}' successful and prosperous in his business enterprises and undertakings. On the loth of September, 1852, Mr. Leverett and Nancy G. Williams were united in marriage. She was called from this life in May, 1862, and on April 10, 1863, he was married to Elizabeth Gull- iams. She was called to the home beyond some 3'ears later, leaving two children. November 29, 1874, Mr. Leverett and Emily J. Trigg were mar- ried. Mrs. Leverett was born in Tennessee Aug- ust 23, 1835, her parents being native Virginians. Our subject has seven living children: William D., Rebecca, Henry, Nancy Ann, Priscilla, Sherman and Otto. Mr. and Mrs. Leverett are members of the Baptist Church, ami for a number of years the former has been a School Director. He always votes the straight Re))ublican ticket, and is a re- spected citizen in this locality. W? AMES A. SMITH, Postmaster of New Burn- side, III., was born in Johnson County, III., ^^ December 14, 1847, a son of J. B. Smith, tj^!/ who was a native of South Carolina and was born in 1805. The latter was a son of Hiram Smith, a farmer of South Carolina, who died on his farm in that State, having reared a family' of two sons and four daughters, of whom J. B. Smith was the youngest. The father of our subject re- ceived an ordinar}'^ education, but being of an in- quiring mind he became quite well informed. Af- ter the death of his father, Hiram Smith, his mother removed with her children to Kentucky, when J. B. Smith was sixteen j'ears old. Here he was early converted to the Methodist faith, and at the age of twenty-three became a preacher, and was an itin- erant minister for man}' years. He was married early in life to Matilda C. Franklin, a descendant of Benjamin Franklin, their marriage occurring in Kentuck}', and in 1826 or 1827 they removed to Pope County, 111., by the only mode of travel then in vogue, their own horse and cart. Mr. Smith had learned the blacksmith's trade, and upon arriv- ing in Pope County started a blacksmith shop at Golconda. While there the father of our subject was Cap- tain of a company and an active participant in that brief struggle, the Black Hawk War, and soon after returning home sold out his shop in Gol- conda and moved to the southeastern part of what isnow Johnson Count3',Ill., where he entered three hundred and twenty acres of timber land. Upon this land he erected a log cabin, in which he and his family lived for a few years, and in the mean- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 299 time he erected a two-stoiy brick house, the brick for which lie burnerl himself. This house, which was the only bnek structure in this section at the time, was then a mansion compared with other houses in this part of the State. It was 30x18 feet in size, and was for many years the best house in the county. He had a bJacksraith shop on his farm, and through his trade made sufficient money to paj' several men to aid in cultivating his farm, and thev, together with others, cleared the estate. At the outbreak of the Civil War our sub- ject's father enlisted, and soon became First Lieu- tenant of Company K, First Illinois Light Artil- lery. Within six months his captain resigned, and he was promoted to the captaincy, which po- sition he filled until the famous Grierson raid. His batterj- was then attached to Col. Grierson 's regiment, the Sixth Illinois, and the men were in their saddles and boots for seventeen consecutive days, which proved too much for a man of Capt. Smith's age. and he was compelled to go into the hospital at Memphis, from which he was discharged in the early part of 1865. His charger and one other horse were the onl3' ones to come out of this ordeal alive and fit for an j- further use. He shipped his noble horse home, where he was both useful and famous for many j'ears. During all these j'ears of farming, blacksmithing and soldiering, Capt. Smith preached fi'equentlj', and died in the possession of his faith at his home iu August, 1872, when sixty-seven years of age. Though he has slept in the grave these twenty years, yet the results of his labors remain, and he lives embalmed in the memory of many besides those of his own household. His faithful and heroic wife survived him but two years, and followed him to the grave from the old brick house, aged sixt3'-five 3'ears. Thej^ had buried an infant son, and one daughter, Anna, aged ten years. Their second child, Thomas H. Smith, was a soldier in the Forty-eighth Infantry, going into the armj' as Lieutenant-Colonel iu 1861, and falling mortally wounded at Ft. Donelson. He was but thirty-two j^ears of age, and left a wife and two children, a son and a daughter. He was a lawyer of ability', had been elected State's Attornej', and was a popu- lar and promising young man. His untimely death was mourned by many people aside from his im- mediate family, and he was an active and loyal Republican to the day of his death. James A. Smith has three brothers and two sis- ters living. John W. Smith is a hotel-keeper at Fordj'ce, Ark , and the rest are residents of John- son and Massac Counties, 111. James A. Smith had a good common-school education only, and was reared to farm life, assisting his father in the blacksmith shop a portion of the time. He re- mained at home until his marriage, in September, 1874, to Miss H. T. Clymer, daughter of J. C. and Sarah (Shiars) Ch'mer, e.arlj' settlers in Johnson County from Tennessee. ]Mv. Smith began life as a farmer, and three years afterward removed to New Burnside, where he established ,au implement agency, to which he soon added general merchan- dise. He continued in these lines of business un- til 1883, when his wife died, leaving three children, one son and two daughters. Mr. Smith was then in impaired health, suflfering from dyspepsia and general debility, and so sold out his business and went to Hot Springs, Ark., where he remained one and a-half }'ears, returning in a greatlj- improved condition, though he still occasionally returns there. He was married in 1885 to Anna H. Tremble, a native of Tennessee, whose father, R, B. Tremble, is now a Christian minister. Her mother was Nan- nie T. Nance, of Tennessee. By our subject's sec- ond marriage there have been born three sons, Harry, six j'ears old; Robert Ray, four; and Wal- ter, one and one-half j'ears of age. Three children were born to his first wife: Eugene, eighteen years old; Clara, aged fourteen; and Ethel, ten. In 1887, on his return from the Springs, he opened a grain and feed store, which he ran for two years, and then formed a co-partnership with E. Ch'mer, I under the firm name of Smith & Clymer. This firm handles general hardware, lumber, doors, sash, and all kinds of building material. Mr. Smith was Postmaster first under President Hayes, which office he has held ever since, except during the J'ears of Grover Cleveland's administration. His father, after the partial recovery of his health, was elected County Judge, and held the office for four J'ears. Mr. Smith is a Roj'al Arch Mason and an Odd Fellow, and he is a member of the Christian 300 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Cluiich. His sister, Klizabeth, widow of D. T. Cummins, has four sons, who are preachers in the Metiiodist Episcopal Church. One event of import- ance connected with the life of J. B. Smith ougiit to be mentioned in tliis connection: In 1846, or just prior to the Mexican War, an emergency arose in this portion of the State, particularly in Massac County, which resulted in an organization of the citizens for self-defense. This organization was known as the Regulators, and of it .1. 15. Smith and Mr. Simpson were leading members. The ob- ject of the Regulators was to free the citizens from the depredations of a bad and notorious band of robbers, whose popular designation was "The Flat Heads," and who were banded together for the purpose of horse-stealing, general plundering and "cussedness." There was but one pitched battle between the Regulators and the Flat Heads, in which the latter were completely routed and dispersed, and no further trouble was experienced from their existence afterward. BENJAMIN U. BURNS was born in Gore- ville Township in August, 1848. He is a son of .James P. Burns, of Alabama, who -was_ born in 1804, and was a son of John Burns, also a native of Alabama, and a farmer of that State, who died there when nearly one hundred years old. He reared a family- of three sons and two daughters, of whom James P. was one of the eldest. They are all dead but Henry, a farmer of Goreville Township, and his sister, Sarah, wife of Silas Clarke, of Franklin County, 111. The wife of James P. Burns, mother of Benjamin R., was Eliza- beth Hubbard, of Missouri, and daughter of John Hubbard, who died in Johnson County at a great age. James P. Burns and his wife had eight children, six sons and two daughters, of whom the subject of this sketch is the sixth child. They were mar- ried in Tennessee, moved thence to Missouri and finally to Illinois, in 1845. They were well-to-do farmers and made these several movements and journeys b}' means of their own teams. They were on tlieir wa}- from Missouri to Alabama late in the fall, when they made a stop in Illinois on account of bad roads and bad weather, and having to remain in Illinois some time anywav, Mr. Burns made up his mind to rent laud here for one year, and he was so well pleased with the soil and cli- mate tliat he decided to remain here permanentlj'. He was one of the first to settle in this part of the county, and had, of course, but few neighbors. He had to go six or seven miles to a logging bee. He soon bought a settler's claim and improvements of ten acres, built a cabin, cleared up a good farm and secured a deed to one hundred and twentj' acres of land. Before his death he owned two hundred and fort}- acres in three separate farms, all well improved and well stocked. He lost his first wife about 1844, when she was in the prime of life, she dying of a cancer in the breast. She left eight children, one an infant. Mr. Burns was married the second time, to Mrs. Polly Ford, nee Davis, and a daughter of John Davis, who came to Illinois at a very early day. By this marriage there were three sons and three daugh- ters, and thus there were fourteen children by the two wives. He died in November, 1890, aged I eighty-six years. His wife followed him forty- four days later at the age of fifty-tliree. Of these ciiildren there are living of the first wife's five sons and one daughter, and of those b}' the second wife one son and three daughters. Benjamin R. Burns was reared at home on the farm and had rather poor educational advantages, having to go three miles to school. The district was then large and there were two schoolhouses in the remote corners, one half the terra being held in one house and one half in the other house. After p.'issing his fifteenth 3-ear he had better op- portunities and obtained a good English educa- tion. He remained at home until his twenty- seventh year, when he was married, in May, 1876, to Eliza J. Toler, a native of Union County, III., and daughter of W. D. and Highly (Miles) Toler, both natives of Illinois. The}- are now re- tired farmers living at Anna, III. Mr. and Mrs. Burns are living at their fust home. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 301 They bought forty acres in 1876 for $550, hav- ing but slight improvements, and in 1882 they added forty acres more of railroad land, bought for l'200. In 1892, they bought sixteen acres more for $320, making their farm consist of ninety- sis acres, of which about twenty acres are broken. They built the first part of their present nice frame house in 1882, and completed it in 1887. Mr. and Mrs. Burns have lost two sons, infants, and have two sons and one daughter living, viz: diaries M., fourteen years old; McCurtis, eight, and Leonora J., four. Mr. Burns does not belong to any church or to any secret society, but he votes the Republican ticket, and has had his choice of Presi- dents except twice. He carries on general farming ;ind is a thorough and practical farmer. Being industrious and correct in his business habits, and lieing a pleasant gentleman, he is not only popular, luit also highl}' esteemed. f§ ORTIMER HUNSAKER, Esq., one of the \\\ foremost citizens of Elvira Township, 11) where he has a valuable and well-improved farm, is a representative of one of the earliest settlers of Illinois. He was born in Union County September 18, 1834. His father, Nicholas Hunsaker, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was a son of Abraham Hunsaker, who,- so far as known, was also born in that State. He migrated from there to the Territor}' of Illinois in 1812, ajid was one of the first to settle in. Union County. At that time Illinois was practically uninhabited ex- cept hy Indians; almost all the land was owned by the Government and but very little of it had been surveyed. Abraham Hunsaker located on Gov- ernment land two and a-half miles from Jones- borough and made it his home until he closed his eyes in death. The maiden name of his wife was Jane Snyder. They were worthy types of the true-hearted, self-sacrificing, courageous pioneers wlio opened up this country for settlement. The father of our subject was six years old when the family came to Illinois to make a home in the wilderness, and he grew up amid the most primi- tive environments. After he attained manhood he located on Government land, occupying it sev- eral years before he bought it. He finally entered several tracts and was prosperously engaged in farming in Union County until his life was rounded out by deatii. Our subject's mother, whose maiden name was Olivia Montgomery, and who was a native of Vir- ginia, died m 1835, when he was but a few months old. He was reared in his native county and can well remember when the face of the country pre- sented a far different appearance from what it does to-day, much of its original wildness remaining in his bojiiood, and settlements were few and far be- tween. There were no railwa3's, and the towns on the Mississippi River were the principal markets for the farmers, and here they disposed of their corn at an average price of twenty-two cents a bushel and their wheat at fifty cents a bushel, while their best pork brought only $1.50 a hundred pounds. Wild turkeys, deer and other game were plentiful and furnished a welcome addition to the fare of the pioneers. Our subject's education was con- ducted in a pioneer school taught on the subscrip- tion plan, each one paying his share, according to the number of scholars sent. These schools were taught in log houses, provided with rude home- made furniture, the seats made of logs split and hewn smooth on one side, with four sticks put in for legs. The room was heated by a fireplace that extended entirely across one end of it. At the time of his marriage Mr. Hunsaker bought a tract of land eight miles from Cobden. He re- sided there until 1870 and then purchased a farm in Elvira Township, which comprises three hun- dred and twenty acres of fertile land. It is kept in a fine condition, and tiio improvements on the place are of a substantial order. Mr. Hun- saker's home is pleasantl3' situated on the south- western quarter of section 4, and is the seat of a cheerful, abundant hospitality, a cordial welcome awaiting all who cross its threshold. To the lady who presides over this home our subject was united in marriage in 1855, and their union has brought them three ciiildren: Jennie, Augustus 302 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. !ind Cliarles. Mrs. Iliinsaker was Mury Stearns in lier maiden days. She is also a native of Union County', like her husband, and is a daughter of .lohn and Anna Stearns. Mr. llunsaker is a man of much force of cliar- acter, who is possessed in a full degree of those traits that lead to success and command tlie confl- dencc of his fellow-eitizens, as is shown by the va- rious oHIcesof trust thattliey have confided to his care. During his residence in Union County he served as Justice of the Peace, as School Director and Township Treasurer, and he has been Justice of the Peace in Elvira Township. In his political views, he is a decided Democrat. • ^=t=S^ \ 1^*^^^ AMUEL M. GLASSFORD, one of the most successful business men of Elvira Town- ship, Johnson County, was born in Indi- ana County, Pa., November 15, 1825. His father, George Glassford, was born in Ohio of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He followed the black- smith trade in Ohio for some time, having served an apprenticeship in Zanesvdle. Upon going to Indiana County', Pa., he established himself in business as a blacksmith and was married to Eliza- beth Wolfe in the year 1824. Her parents, John and Elizabeth Wolfe, resided there about ten years, when they removed to Mason County, Ky. He opened a shop at May's Lick and remained there until 18-11. During that 3'ear Mr. Glassford removed to Johnson County, TU., accompanied by his wife and four children, namely: Elizabeth J., Samuel M., John W. and Abraham D. He made the removal on the river to Coiieland's Landing and thence by team to what is now Elvira Township, where he purchased of Samuel Copeland a tract of land on section 34. At this time a few acres had been cleared and a log house erected, which constituted all the improvements on the place. Thencefor- ward he devoted his time to agriculture and re- sided upon his farm until 1846, wlien he rented the place and removed to St. l^ouis. There he was engaged for a short time in Belcher & Bro.'s sugar refinery and remained in that place until his death, in 1847. Samuel M. Glassford was eight years old when his parents removed to Kentucky'. He attenderl school in that State as opportunity ofifered, re- maining there until 1841, when he came to Illinois with his parents. At that time Johnson County was sparsely settled and much of the land was still owned by the Government. In Vienna Township there were but a few houses. \'ienna itself was but a hamlet, and the court house and jail were built of logs. Mr. Glassford went to St. Louis in 1849 and entered the employ of Belcher & Bro., sugar refiners. After remaining there for a few years he purchased their coal mining interest and teams and engaged in the coal business. In 1860 Mr. Glassford sold an interest in the business to his brother John and retired to his farm in Elvira Township. He had inherited a part of the old homestead and bought the interest of the other heirs. He has resided on the farm since that time. A verj'^ successful farmer, he purchased different tracts of land until at one time he owned about fifteen hundred acres. He still owns about eight hundred acres, and his buildings and other improvements rank with the best in the county. About 1861 Mr. Glassford formed a part- nership with his brother John and erected a flour and woolen mill in Vienna, put in the necessaiy machinery and bought a suppl3' of wool, but be- fore the mill was started it was burned down with all its contents, causing a loss of about 140,000 with no insurance. In 1846 our subject married Elizabeth Jones, a native of Johnson Count}', and a daughter of James and Elizabeth Jones. His second marriage occurred in 1851, and united him with Juliet Jones, who was born in Vienna Township July 30, 1830. Her father, James Jones, was born in Virginia, and was one of the pioneers of Johnson County, 111. He was a minister of the Free Will Baptist denomination. He established his home in Vienna Township and cleared a farm, where he resided until his death. Mrs. Glassford was edu- cated in the [uimitive schools of the days of her PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REATIEW. 303 youth. Her father raised sheep, cotton, flax and hemp. Her mother made all the clothing used in the family and instructed her daughters in the then useful arts of carding, spinning and weaving. The fatnil}' consisted of twelve children, six boys and six girls, of whom 5Irs. Glassford was the youngest. She lived with her parents until their death, then resided with her brother until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Glassford have three children liv- ing, namel3': Josephine, wife of Dr. R. M. McCall, a successful physician of Vienna; Charles A., of whom a biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume; and Mary E., wife of Theodore B. Williams, of Jonesboro. In their religious con- victions, Mr. and Mrs. Glassford are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Glassford is a Prohi- bitionist and a stanch advocate of all that is up- lifting and progressive. He was elected in 1874 to the State Senate of Illinois from the Fifty-first District, composed of the counties of Pulaski, Massac, Johnson, Pope and Hardin. 1^+^! 1~"1 LEWETT BAIN, a respected resident of LX Bloom field Township, where he was born j^ I December 28, 1821, is one of the oldest ^&^' native-born citizens of Johnson County now living within its borders and is a son of one of its earliest pioneers, James Bain. He was a na- tive of Randolph County, N. C, and his father, who IS supposed to have borne the same name as himself, was a native of Ireland, who had emigrated to America and spent his last days in North Caro- lina. The father of our subject came to Illinois in the prime and vigor of young manhood, and after his marriage, in what is now Hardin County, came to Johnson Countj' in March, 1809, and was one of the first pioneers to settle in this region. He bought a tract of Government land on section 33, Bloomfield Township, and rented a cabin tliat had been built for a temporary shelter and was made of poles or small logs. In that humble dwelling his son, our subject, was born. In a few years Mr. Bain built a substantial log house and resided in it until shortly before his death, when he went to spend his closing days with his son Isaac. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth Pankey and she was born in North Carolina, a daughter of William and Mary (Blewett) Pankey. She died on the home farm at a venerable age, having been the mother of thirteen children, of whom ten grew to maturity. Our subject was brought up under pioneer influ- ences, and as at the time of his birth the county was still in its primitive condition, he raaj- well be said to have grown with the growth of the county. For many yeare there were no railways, and the towns on the Ohio River were the nearest markets. All grass was cut with a scythe, the modern mow- ing machine being unheard of, and grain was cut with a cradle and threshed with flails or tramped out by horses. There were no fanning mills to winnow the grain, the way- then being for one man to turn the grain from the measure held quite high while two other men would fan the air with a blanket. Mr. Bain lived with his parents until he attained man's estate and then worked as a carpenter two y-ears. When the Mexican War broke out he en- tered the service as teamster, accompanying the troops to Mexico, and he acted in that capacity seven months. He was honorably discharged and returned home to resume the occupation to which he had been bred. After marriage he entered a tract of Government land in Bloomfield Township, and in the comfortable log house that he built he and his bride commenced housekeeping. He worked diligently and his well-directed labors were rewarded by a substantially improved farm, on which he resided in happiness and comfort for nearly forty years. Since the death of his wife he has made his home with Preston W. McFatridge. In 1849 our subject was united in marriage with Miss Malinda C. Hall, a native of Hardin County and a daughter of Kinson M. Hall. In her he found a faithful and loving wife, who was a true helpmate and contributed her share to his prosper- itj-. She closed her eyes in death July 10, 1891, 304 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. anrl tlie incmoiy of lier manj' virtues nbides with those wlio mourn her loss. She and our subject were blessed with six children: Olie II., Knorah A., .leroine A., Charles P., Sidne3' C. and Luretta L. i^^|||^l..I^|it^^| ellAULES AUGUSTUS GLASSFOHD is an , intelligent and progressive farmer and stoek- . raiser, who is an important factor in for- warding the rich agricultural interests of Johnson Countj'. His well-equipped and well-stocked farm is one of the best managed and most desirable in Elvira Township. Our subject was born in St. Louis, Mo., November 6, 1853, the eldest son of Samuel and .Juliet (.Tones) Glassford, of whom an extended sketch appears elsewhere in this work. Our subject was about six or seven 3'eai's of age when his parents returned to .Johnson County. He remained in St. Louis with an uncle that he might continue his education in its excellent schools, which he attended quite steadilj' some five _vears. He then came to live with his parents, and ad- vanced his education by attendance at the public schools at Vienna, and later at the Southern Illi- nois College, at Carbondale, where he pursued a thorough course of stud}', which has been of bene- fit to him in his after career. When he left school he interested himself in farming for a time, and then, after clerking a few months, he bought a share in the store in which he had been employed. Not long after he threw up the mercantile business to resume farming, for which he had a decided taste. A little while later he again essayed a mer- cantile life, and for five years was engaged in the hardware business at Jonesborough. He continued in that line five years, and at the end of that time once more returned to his old pursuit, and has since devoted himself to general farming and stock-raising with complete success. His farm is well stocked with well-graded Shorthorn cattle, which he believes is the breed best adapted to the conditions and environments of this part of the country, and he raises Poland-China hogs in pref- erence to an\' other kind. His farm, which had been given him a few years prior to his settlement on it, is in a fine stale as to cultivation and im- provements, and is advantageously located throe miles northwest of Vienna. He has increased its area since it came into his possession by fiwther purchase, and now has two hundred and twenty- eight and a-half acres of highl}' productive land. Mr. Gla.ssford w.as first married to Miss Sally Nash, a native of Tennessee, and a daugliter of Richard Nash. She died in 1889, leaving three chil- dren: .Juliet, Samuel C. and Edith H. Our subject was married asecond time, in 1891, this time to Miss Dora Slack, a native of this county, and a daugh- ter of Wilford Slack. One child, George Francis, has blessed the union of our subject and his pres- ent wife. Mr. Glassford possesses a well-trained, well-bal- anced mind and pleasant personal traits, and is ever found at the front in all movements to ad- vance the highest interests of the community. His business habits are good, and he exercises sound judgment iu the management of his affairs, and is justly prospering. In his political sentiments he sides with the Republicans. Religiously, his affili- ations are with the Christian Church, of which he and his wife are members. |^^^,si| BRAIIAM S. BARGEK. Among the thor- oughly enterprising and prosperous farm- ers of Pope Count}' no one is more worthy the title than the subject of this sketch, who is a leading agriculturist and stock-raiser on section 6, township 12, range 6, where he has re- sided since soon after his marriage. He was born only a mile and a-half from his present home, Febru!ir\' 25, 1852. His father, Russell S., was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1816, and when two 3'ears of age was brought by his parents to Illinois. His father, Abraham S., who was also born in Pennsylvania, was of (ierman parents. The name of the family was originally Shuffel- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 305 linrger, but later goneiations have shortened this for convenience, writing it 8. Barger. The_v have been tillers of the soil, so far as known, for centu- ries past, and have been possessed of industrious and worth3- traits. When the grandparents of our >ubject first came to southern Illinois it was liter- ally a howling wilderness, as wolves and wild ani- mals of various descriptions were still abundant. They settled about two and a-half miles southeast of where Eddyvillc now stands, and made a home in the wilderness, where they reared their children, riie grandmother died in I80O, aged sixty -six, her luisband departing this life eight years later, hav- ing passed his four-score j^ears. Two of their chil- dren are still living: Anna, widow of James Bail^' residing on her farm three and a-half miles west of Eddyville, and Lucinda, widow of Samuel Morse, who resides in this county with her children. They .•ire both about eighty years of age. The father of our subject first married a Jliss I'.oulder, who died leaving him a daughter and two >ons. He later was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E. Graves, the ceremony taking place about 1846. They lived on the homestead formerly owned by his father,- and at one time he was tlie owner of some seven hundred acres of land. After giving his children good farms he stiil had about two hundred acres at the time of his death in 1886, when he was nearly' seventy 3ears of age. lie left seven children by his second wife, of whom our subject was the third iu order of birth. His mother died iu 1885, when she was nearly sixtj' years old. The father afterward married Mrs. .Sallie Haynes, who bore him a son and who died in 1889. The brothers and sisters of our subject who are now living are as follows: Heniy, who is farming iu this township; Samautha, now the wife of Henry Gee, a farmer iu Saline County; Arminta, wife of William Arnold, of Arkansas; Ellis, who is engaged in farming in the southern part of this county; Rosetta, Jlrs. John Martin, of Stone Fort. The half brothers and sisters of our subject are lvUssell,Sr.,a sou of the last marriage, who resides with George S. Bo3'er; George H. and John. Mr. Barger attended the district schools while in Ins boj'hood, but when he became large enough to be of service on the farm was obliged to assist his father. When only seven j-ears of age he held the plow, and when two 3-ears older was a good baud in the field at various kinds of farm work. He had barely learned to read before he was eigJi teen, when he was allowed to go to school for about twent3' days. He remained at home until twent3' five years of age, when he was united in marriage with Bettie A. Frieze, of this count3', who was born October 17, 1853. Her father is a farmer in this neighbor- hood and came here from Tennessee at an early da3'. Our subject aud his wife at once commenced housekeeping and in 1876 located on a farm of eighty acres, which was given them b3' Mr. Barger, Sr. Our subject built a good hewed-log house, 19x20 feet, and later made two additions, one of 16x30 and another 10x20. Mr. Barger has since erected a good frame barn, 54x80 feet in dimen- sions, and bought other land until he now owns nearly five hundred acres, four-fifths of which are under cultivation. He has owned as high as seven hundred acres and is considered one of the most promising farmers of this locality. His estate is esti- mated at no less than $8,000, which means simph- hard labor 3'ear b3" 3'ear, without any speculation or outside investment. To Mr. and Mrs. Barger have been born nine children, two of whom are deceased : Arthur Samuel, who was born October 2, 1877, and died September 1, 1879, at the age of two 3-ears; and Sarah E., born October 7, 1882, and who died April 8, 1884, aged two 3'ears. Their living children are: Albert Mar- low, born Januaiy 30, 1879; Effie M., December 23, 1880; Henry V., November 11, 1884; Essie J., November 2, 1886; Clara B., October 7, 1888; Roy R., December 18, 1890, and Elmer I., February 29, 1892. Mr. Barger is a Master Mason and has been a member of the fraternity since his twent3--first year. He and his esteemed wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Politicall3', he is a Republican. Our subject has the reputation of growing more corn on his farm than an3' man in the township. lie raises as high as twenty-five hundred bushels per year, averaging about twenl3'-seven bushels to the acre. He has raised as much as five hundred bushels of wheat, some ten to fifteen bushels per acre. He keeps about ten head of horses and from 306 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. thirty to fifty liead of cattle. At tlie present time he has sixty-five sheep of tlie Shropshire Down and Cotswold varieties. He lias sold %40() worth of hogs of tiie mixed Chester and Poland-China varieties for several years. In his stock-raising he has been quite successful, though he lost forty- two hogs one year. He keeps his land up b^' ro- tation of crops and frequent seeding, being one of the few farmers in this part of Illinois who do not believe in turning land out to rest. OVERTON STANLEY was born in Middle I Tennessee, February 10, 1828, and now lives in Goreville Township, .Johnson County. His father, JMark Stanley, born in North Carolina in 1783, was a son of William Stanley, who was a farmer of North Carolina, and moved first to Tenn- essee, and thence to Kentucky, where he died on his own farm in 1823, at a ripe old age. He was mar- ried twice, and by his two wives had three sons, of whom Mark was the first-born by the second wife. Mark Stanley married Polly Underwood, of White County, 111., who was a daughter of James Under- wood, and came to Illinois with her parents about 1813. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Stanley immedi- ately returned to Tennessee, where the former car- ried on farming on his own farm, and afterward removed to Kentucky, where he lived about two j'ears and then came to Illinois, locating in Will- iamson County in the spring of 1837. He brought with him his wife and ten children, moving with two yoke of oxen and two wagons, and consuming about two weeks en route from Hopkins Count3', Ky. Having but little means, he located on Gov- ernment land, paying a settler for his claim. He made that place his home for life, at his death owning one hundred and sixty acres. His first abode on this farm was a rude house of hewed logs, and in that house he died in 1862, during the siege of Vicksburg. His son Charles was killed in that siege, aged twcnt3--three, and left a wife and one son, Zack Stanley. The wife of Mark Stanley had died in 1H5.5, aged sixty-five years. She had had ten children, six sons and four daughters, of whom Overton was the seventh child and third son in order of birth. There are but three now living, namely: Polly, wife of Joseph Burpo, a farmer of Williamson County, JU.; Mark, of the same place, who served in the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, serving three years, most of the time in the ranks, and is now a well-to-do farmer; and Overton, our subject. Mr. Stanley, of this sketch, was brought up a farmer's boy, and remained at home until his mar- riage, January 23, 1851, to Ellen J. Bernard, of Kentucky, and daughter of the Rev. Alexander Nelson Hiram and Dicey A. (Allen) Bernard, both natives of Kentucky. They came to Illinois in 1849, and some five j-ears later removed to Mis- souri, where they died in 1876, within six weeks of each other. She was sixty-three and he sixty- five years old. They had four sons and five daugh- ters, of whom Mrs. Stanle}- was the first-born, and is now believed to be the only survivor. Mr. and Mrs. Stanley began married life on their present farm, buying fifty acres, for which they paid ^.5 per acre, and from time to time added to it until tlie estate now aggregates two hundred and sev- enty acres in the home farm. He owns in all in the State of Illinois eight hundred acres of land, four different farms. He started in life without cash capital, beginning in a log house, in which he lived until November, 1892, when he moved into his present fine frame one and a-half story house, containing eight rooms. He has also fine outbuildings. His farm is a very productive one, and upon it he carries on mixed farming, growing mostly wheat and hay. He also raises and deals in stock to a considerable extent. Of late years, however, he is not leading such an active life as in the past. Mr. Stanley's home is on an eminence, commanding a view of a beautiful landscape. Mr. and INIrs. Stanley have lost one son and one daugh- ter: James Monroe, who died in his twelfth year, and Elizabeth C, who passed away at the youth- ful age of twenty-two years. They have living three children, namely: Hiram H., a prominent farmer of Williamson County, who has a wife, four PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 307 sons and two daughters; Ida M., wife of O. P. Browu, of the same county, who has one son; and A. D., a young man of twentj- years, at home on the farm when not in scliool. He has attended school at Danville, Ind., four terms. Mr. Stanley is a Republican in politics, but is not a member of any order or church, thinking the common broth- erhood of man is narrow^ enough for him, though he respects all honest opinions. ANIEL W. MORRIS was born in Mauiy Ij County, Tenn., in 1825, and is now a *|J|^ prosperous farmer in Burnside Township, Johnson Count}'. His father, Reuben Morris, was a Virginian, and a farmer by occupa- tion, who was taken to Tennessee when a child bj' his parents, and there was reared on a farm. He was married in his j-outh to Elizabeth Morris, a cousin, bj" whom he had nine children, five sons and four daughters. Daniel W. had two sisters and three brothers older than himself. He has a twin brother, James, who is a farmer in Arkansas, where he has resided for the past thirty years. The mother of these children died at the age of fiftj'-seven 3'ears, about 1841. She had buried two daughters in earh' childhood and left seven chil- dren at her death. The maternal grandmother of Mr. Morris was Sarah TibVjs, probablj^ of Virginia, who was the daughter and wife of a farmer, and became the motiier of sixteen children. She died in Franklin County, III., in 1852, at the gi'eat age of one hun- dred and five years, and kept house and did her own cooking until within a short time of her death. Her sons were brave soldiers under Gen. Jackson. Daniel Morris and Reuben, who w^ere married and were brothers-in-law, were comrades in the war. The latter was married four times^ and had nine children by his first wife, and four by the last, two sons and two daughters. He re- moved to southern Illinois in the fall of 1811, and brought with him the subject of this sketch and his twin brother, and also Elizabeth Brummet, a granddaughter. His second wife and her child joined him the next year, all coming with ox-teams and covered wagons, in very humble circum- stances. Daniel W. at first worked for $8 per month, and during his first j'ear's residence in Illi- nois he took up eighty acres of timber land with- in two miles of Vienna, built a log cabin on the claim, and began at once to make a farm. One of his brothers, William, took up an eight3'-acre piece adjoining this, which he soon sold to the twin brother of Daniel W. Our subject was married in 1843, to Minerva J. Neel}', of middle Tennessee, who was a pla}-- mate of his in his 3'outh. His brothers made their home with him, and the}' lived on this farm about seventeen years, clearing up fifty acres and build- ing a good new house, with a plank floor and clap- board roof, into which they moved from the origi- nal home. On this first farm two sons and four daughters were born. Our subject had bought his brother's eighty acres and sold the one hundred and sixty acres for 81,300, buying two miles east one hundred and twenty acres for $1,000. This was already improved with a good log house, and sixty acres were under cultivation. Upon this farm they lived eight years, and then sold it for 81,800, his farm then consisting of one hun- dred and fifty acres. He afterward removed to Burnside Township and bought two hundred and twenty acres adjoining his present home farm, pay- ing 81,600 for the improved farm, together with corn in the crib and forty head of hogs, sheep and cattle. This was in the year 1866, and in the fall of 1882 he sold one hundred and eighty- three acres for $1,800, having previously sold the other portion for $360. This sale netted him a profit of 8500. He now possesses one hundred and sixty-two acres one mile away from his home, besides a tract of one hundred and twenty-seven acres in his home estate. Our subject's first wife died June 6, 1880, aged forty-seven years, and he was married in 1882 to his present wife, who was the widow of A. M. Jackson. Her maiden name was Mary Johnson, and she was the daughter of John Johnson. By 308 I'oin'KAlT AM) r.IOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. his last marriage Mr. Morris liad two children, botii of whom were sons. One of tliem died in infancy, and the other one, Danie D., is a bright boy of ten j'cars. He lias tiiree sons and one daughter in Kansas. One of liis daughters, Sarali, wife of Nathaniel Kichols, died at the age of twenty-six years, leaving one daughter. Awzo- nelta, died at the age of lifteen. The others died in infancy. Before the organization of the Republican party, Mr. Morris was a Whig, but he has ever since then been a Republican. He and wife are members of the Jlissionary Baptist Church. W ILLIAM L. REID, wlio has lived on his present farm on section 13, Burnside Town- ship, Johnson County, for the past thirty- eight years, was born in Williamson County, Tenn., in 1826. His father, James Reid, was born in the same county in 1800, and was a son of James Reid, who was the onl}' son of a Revolutionary' soldier by his first wife. This participant in the Revolution was born in Ireland, but the Christian name of the hero and the maiden name of his wife cannot be ascertained. He was a farmer in Ireland, came over it is believed some time before that war com- menced, and was killed in the battle of King's Mountain. James Reid, grandfather of AVilliam L., married Phd^be Calhoun, of North Carolina, who bore him nine sons and three daughters, of whom James, the father of William L.. was the fifth child and fourth son in order of birth. The eldest son, Charles, was a soldier under Andrew Jackson, and while in the army was attacked with a conta- gious disease, from which he never recovered. The mother of William L. Reid was Hannah Legate, who was born in Kentuckj' and, when a child, was taken by her parents to Tennessee, where they reared a family' of five sons and one daughter. The father died in Humphreys County, Tenn., in 18:5(1, at the age of thirty, leaving his widow with six children, one of whom was very 3'oung. Mrs. Reid in 1834 removed to Kentucky, where she again married. She died in Johnson County, 111., in 1878, in her eighty-first year. Charles Reid, tho pioneer of the famil.y, came to Illinois in an early daj-, followed by his brothers James and George in a short time. There was no death in the family from 1830 to 1878. The family was in humble circumstances in early life, and William L. and his two brothers received butaverj' limited education in the subscription school kept in the primitive log sehoolhouse so frequently described in these pages, and in this way these sons of toil passed their youth. William ]>. Reid was married in Kentucky in 1850, in his twenty-fifth year, to Sarah P. G. Rob- inson, daughter of J. M. Robinson, who came to Johnson County, III., about 1858, where they lived the rest of their lives, he dying at fifty-six and she at seventy years of age. Our subject came to Illi- nois by land, drawn by his two yoke of oxen, and bringing his wife and baby and all their household goods. They came earl}' in the winter, and lived with a brother of Mr. Reid's till spring, when they bought and settled on eighty acres of partly im- proved land, which cost 8375. With this tract our subject deeded sufficient Government land to make two hundred acres, on which he started in hum- ble pioneer style. He was a blacksmith by occupa- tion, beginning to learn that trade in Kentucky when but sixteen years of age. He followed his trade and also engaged some in farming in Kentucky- and Illinois. . His first wife died in 1876, at the age of forty-one years. She bore him ten children, seven of whom died in infancy; those living are James Y., a Methodist minister, who married Miss Marj' Purdoin, who bore him one son and three daugh- ters; Nancy M., wife of William P. Cole, a farmer residing near Mr. Reid, and Sarah II. T., wife of Charles M. Parsons, a farmer of Pope County, and who has two sons. His second wife was INIary J. Wil- son, of Kentucky, to which State he went for her in 1878. Mr. Reid has deeded all his farm to his children except fifty acres, upon which he lives. He has been in poor health for some years, suffering with the rheumatism and gout, but was, however, when younger, one of the stalwart sons of Kentucky, and I \^ Thomas Bean, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 311 he takes pride in never having had a personal en- counter in his life. In politics he is a Prohibi- tionist, the supporters of which partv he considers the patriotic reformers of the day. V^ IIRISTIAN L. Mccormick, a merchant L and farmer of McCormick,in Pope County, \^' at which place he is also Postmaster, was lioru in Kentucky in 1836. His father, Alfred G. .McCormick, was a native of Pittsburg, Pa., where he followed the vocation of a school teaclier for many years, and later in life was a farmer. He married Frances Cornelius,of Kentucky, after which they removed to southern Illinois. The3' reared nine children, four sons and five daughters, of whom Christian L. is the third. Alfred G. Mc- Cormick died in 1866, when he was sixty-six years old, leaving his widow, who survived him fifteen years, and died at the age of eighty. Christian L. McCormick acquired a good educa- tion in his youth, and was reared to agricultural pursuits until he was twenty-one years old. In August, 1861, he entered Company I, Tenth Illi- nois Infantry,as a recruit, and served as a private until August, 1864, when he returned home. He was always on duty with his regiment except for four da3^s, during which brief period he was in the hos- pital. The nest spring, after returning home, he be- gan farming on rented land, having been engaged in cutting cordwood during the previous fall and winter and putting up two cords of wood per day. He married in November, 1865, Miss Louisa Whitson, of Illinois, a daughter of Harvey and Louisa (Weston) AVhitson, after which they set- tled in Randolph Count}',, near Chester, and six years later removed to Union County, where Mr. McCormick opened a general store. He afterward removed to Mt. Pleasant, in the same county, where he conducted a store two years, and was a merchant at NcwBurnside seven years, removing from there to his present location at McCormick in the spring 16 of 1890, having formerly run a peddling wagon here in connection with his store. He began business in debt to the extent of $200, and bought his first goods and team on credit. He now carries a stock of goods worth from $4,000 to $5,000, and realizes a lucrative trade. He owns forty-one acres of land at McCormick. upon which he has built the village. He erected his own house and storeroom in the fall of 1891, the latter being a good frame build- ing one story high and 32x50 feet in dimensions. His dwelling-house is a one and a-half story struc- ture. He also owns two hundred and eighty acres of farm and timber land outside the limits of the village. Mr. McCormick buried his first wife in the spring of 1866, who died at the age of twenty- five years. She left one son, Harvey S., who is now in business with his father. Our subject was mar- ried in 1867 to Miss Valeria L. Rogers, daughter of Mareellus and Dicy (Barrett) Rogers, who bore liim seven children, viz: Nettie, wife of A. B. Copeland; Nellie L.. wife of E. W. Mount; Walter, twelve years of age, and Lena, who are living at home; the other three are deceased. His present wife was Mrs. Amada F. Williams, nee Cobb, daughter of William B. Cobb. By this marriage he has one son, Arthur C, a bright and beautiful boy of fifteen months. Mr. McCormick is a Master Mason and is a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of the Third Degree. Politically, he is a Republican and has been Postmaster at McCormick since the olBce was established. ■#> ZEKIEL R. WHEELER, a resident of Pope County, and located in township 11, range 5, was born in North Carolina in 1825. His father, Americus Wheeler, was a native of the same State, where he followed farming, but re- moved to Marshall County, Tenn., in 1833. He was a poor man who owned but a small farm, and married Rachael Primrose, who bore him three sons and four daughters, and Ezekiel R. was the third child and first son. Only two sons and two daugh- 312 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RKVIEW. teis <^''C"' tf iiiiiliirity, and there are now living one son and one daughter: Kzekiel K. and his sis- ter, Susan, wife of Jesse Stigall, who is now living in Texas, and the mother of seven ehildren. Mrs- Wheeler died in Tennessee when past middle life, and their father was married the second time. lie died about 1M80, aged eighty years. Ezekiel H. Wheeler was reared to the life of a farmer bo^', and had to work iiard in his youth, so received but little education. He left home when twenty-two 3'ears of age, and was married at twenty-four, in Tennessee, to his present wife, Rachael A. Yarbrough, of Tennessee. They re- moved to Ken tuck}', and settled down in Living- ston Countj' in 1869, and lived there five years. In the winter of 1874-75, they removed to Pope County, 111., bringing with them their ten children. They made the removal from Tennes- see to Kentucky in true emigrant style, with two teams of horses and covered wagons. They owned a good small farm in Kentucky, which they sold, and bought fort}' acres in township 11, Pope County, III. There they lived eleven years, and since then have bought and sold several times. Mr. Wheeler volunteered in the Union army in Tennes- see, April 1 , 1 862, at Murfreesboro, and served four- teen montlis. He was in no general engagement, and but few skirmishes. Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler have buried one . daughter, Susan, a young lady of twentj'-two 3'ears of age, who died in 1888, and one son, Marshall, a few months later, in November, 1888, aged twenty-four, who left a wife and a son and daughter. They now have eight children liv- ing, seven sons and one daughter, viz: James, a farmer living near them, who has a wife and two daughters; Robert, also a fanner living near, with a wife and tw^o sons and tvvo daughters: Columbus, who has a wife and three children; Joseph, who lias a wife and one daughter; Sherman, living at home, and who married Miss Myrtle Talmadge, and has two sons; Thomas, a single man living at Anna, 111.; John, living at the same place; and Eliza, wife of George Fox, living at Anna, 111., and who has two daughters. Mrs. Wheeler, who is a Methodist in religion, was one of eleven children, four sons and seven daugh- ters. Her father was Joel Yarbrough, and her mother Nancy Carter. They were farmers in Tenn- essee, where they both died, he about 1882, at the age of eighty years, and she some 3'ears later at about ninet}' years of age. Mrs. Wheeler was born in 1827, and is still healthy and active. She has but two sisters and one brother living, the latter. Jo- seph Y'arbrough, who was a soldier in tlie Confed- erate army. Another brother, Robert Yarbrough. served a short time on the same side, but seeini; the iniquity of the cause he deserted. Mr. Wheekn is an energetic gentleman, whose thrift indicates strongly that he will add to and improve his farm in time to come. ?■ I ' I ' I -^ ' -^ yfelLLIAM II. MOYEUS. who has resided on / his present farm in Pope Count}', town- ■^^^ ship 12, range 6, for the past twenty-seven years, was born in this county in 183.3, to George Moyers, who was a native of Virginia, born in 1784, and a shoemaker by trade. His father, Peter Moyers, came to the United States from Germany. George Moyers married Polly Windle, of Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley. From Virginia they removed to Lincoln County, Tenn., and from that State to southern Illinois about 1830. A short time aftei'- ward they entered forty acres of land, upon which Mr. Moyers erected a temporary log cabin, and not many years afterward he erected a good and substantial log house, in which they lived some fourteen years. They then sold the farm and bought another, on whicli they lived a short time; they later bought a third farm of two hundred acres of land, seven miles from Golconda, upon which they both passed their declining years, he dying in 1858, at the age of seventy-four, and she in 1864, at the age of seventy-two. They had thirteen ehildren and reared twelve, four sons ami eight daughters. Of these twelve, five are now living, viz: Hannah, widow of Franklin Hannn. living at Flora, Clay County; Ellen j\l., widow ol James H. Gallamore; William II.; Jarvis A., n farmer of township 12; and Mary, Mrs. Porter, ; PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 313 widow, now living in eitlier Missouri or Arkansas. The x'oungest of these children is flftv-seven years old. Mr. Movers went to school but very little when .a bov, and as other duties called his attention when he reached mature years he was but poorly educated. He learned to read and write aftei' at- taining bis manhood, however, and remained with his parents until he was twenty-five years old. He was then married to Parmelia Morse, who died in December, 1858, leaving an infant son, John W., who is now a farmer of Glendale Precinct, is married and has four children, two sons and two daughters. Our subject enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, in 1862, under the command of William S. Hodge, and served about three 3'ears as Dut}- Sergeant. He was at Andcrsonville Prison ten months, and was released at the close of the war. He participated in but one battle, which was fought at Gun town, Miss., and was as rough an experience as he de- sired. But he would have preferred such a battle any time to the ten months and eleven days im- prisonment at Andcrsonville, where he experi- enced a living death in the filth and starvation of that prison. He returned to .Springfield, III., and was there discharged May 29, 1865. Being a man of great strength and endurance, and of an unusually sound constitution, lie rallied from the effects of his prison life in Andcrsonville; but, strong as he was, he would not have lived through it had he not bartered for and bought extra food. Our subject was married again, November 8, 1866, this time to Mrs. Louisa E. Jenkins, widow of Charles W. Jenkins, nee Shuffelbarger, and a daughter of R. S. Shuffelbarger. Mr. and Mrs. Moyers have buried one infant son, and have three children living, viz: Leonora, wife of William U. Harper, at home on the farm, and who has one daughter; Mary L., wife of Moses Lay, a farmer of Pope County, and who has one son; and William C, a lad of eleven years of age. Mrs. Moyers has one son by her first marriage, Charles H. Jenkins, who is a merchant at Ozark, and who is married and has two children. Mr. Moyers bought one hundred acres of land for §700 in 1865, and since then has added to it seventy-five acres more. Of this farm, which is a very fine one, one hundred acres are under a high state of cul- tivation, and on it he carries on general farming, or, in better words, has it carried on for him, as he is an invalid, troubled with heart disease. He is a member of the Cumberl.and Presbyterian Church, as is also his wife. He has been of some little service to his fellow-men, having served as Constable and as School Director. In politics he is a Republican. iKs^ENRY W. WELLMAN. a farmer living on i|rjj; section 13, township 13, range 6, east, is a 1^^ son of Ernest Frederick Wellman, who was (^ born in Germany. In his native country he received a fair education and learned the trade of a blacksmith. When twenty j'ears old he was married in Germany to Elizabeth Linthorst, and desiring to improve his condition with re- spect to worldly possessions, at twenty-three yeai-s of age he came to the United States, leaving his family behind. After a voj^age of six weeks he landed in New Orleans, where he immediatelj- commenced to work at his trade and continued to labor there for twelve months. He was an industrious worker and economical with his earnings, and by these means saved some money. By that time, however, he was taken sick with the yellow fever, and before he recovered his mone}- had been spent and he was in debt besides. As soon as he was able to do so, Mr. Wellman again began work and managed to pay up his debts. His experience in New Orleans having been somewhat discouraging, he worked his way up to Cincinnati and found employment there. This, he believed, would prove a more healthy lo- cality, and for some time he remained in Cincin- nati and in Hamilton County, and again managed to save some monej- out of what he earned. Thus he spent two years in this country, and notwith- standing his unfortunate experiences in New Or- leans, he concluded to make the United States his 311 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. home, iiiifl hiiviiig saved money enougli he sent for his family from tiie Old Country. They were only awaitiiifi; the summons to come and lost no time in getting started. They were .seven weeks making the voyage in a. sailing- vessel, but at length reached this country and joined the husband and father in Hamilton County, Ohio. They remained in that county', he working at his trade for about two yeai's, and then removed to Auglaize County, Ohio, where he continued to work at his trade, and where he also bought a farm. This placccon- tained one hundred and eighty-eight acres, and a part of it cost him $2.5e wliole is a very desirable, well-cultivated, productive farm. In 1867, Mr. Kern took an important step in life, which has much enhanced his comfort, happi- ness and prosperity, as in that 3'ear he married Miss Viola, a daughter of Reed and Eliza (Thomas) Smoot, who were natives of Missouri, while she is a native of Johnson County. Her father was a young man when he came Eastward in 1846 and cast in his lot with the pioneers who had pre- ceded him in this county, selecting a tract of land in Simpson Township. He built a log house, in which his daughter, Mrs. Fern, was born subse- quently, and in the busy years that followed he cleared a farm from the wilderness, which was his home until he died. His widow is still living at a venerable age in Simpson Township. Mr. and Mrs. Fern are blessed with eight chil- dren, whose names are Eliza A., James F., Will- iam R., Andrew J., Martin L., Sarah E., Delia G. and Levi Logan. Our subject and his family are exemplary members of the ]}aptist Church, and their many good traits have won for them the thorougli respect and esteem of their neighbors and all who know them. Mr. Fern has decided polit- ical views and champions the People's party and Prohibition as the causes most worthy of support. i>-^^LlAM .1. REEVES, was born in Burnside ' Township, Johnson County, near his pres- \^^ ent home, in 1849. His father was Elijah Reeves, a native of Alabama, who at seven years of age was taken b3' his parents to Kentuckj' to what is now Marshall County. He was a son of Reuben and Nancy (Fox) Reeves, both of Ala- bama, who lived on a farm for man}- years in Ken- tucky and reared a large family of children. The grandfather of William J. Reeves died there at the age of sixty 3'ears, after which his widow came to southern Illinois to the home of her son Elijah, where she died at the age of seventy-one years. The first wife of Elijah Reeves, and the mother of William J., was Nancy Reeder, daughter of Jesse Reeder. Mr. and Mrs. Reeves lived some ten veai-s on their farm in Kentucky, and came to Johnson County with their three children during the winter of 18-48-49, making the journey with their own team and driving their cattle before them. They were in humble circumstances, and took up one hundred and sixty acres of land, one and a-half miles from the present liome of William J., to whom they sold their claim two years after settleiiient, when they bought a claim of another one hundred and sixty acres one and a-half miles west, with a small clearing, on which they built a small lude log house and there made a permanent home. They improved one hundred and fortv aci'cs of the land, and erected a good frame house and barn, residing here some thirty years, the mo- ther dying in 1881, aged sixty-five 3'ears. They here buried four children, two dying in infancy, and Elizabeth, wife of Levi Lay, who died at the youthful age of eighteen years, and Martha, wife of Crayton Wood, who also died in her eighteenth year. There are now four living: John W. Reeves, a farmer in Kansas; Mary .lane, wife of Joseph Holland, a farmer in Arkansas; William J., and Minerva, wife of Samuel Burrel, a resident of Carmi, 111. The father of this family died at Ozark in August, 1892, aged seventj'-three years. William J. Reeves, in his boyhood days secured but little education, and that was obtained in the district school, which afforded but few advantages. He was reared to farm life and labor, and re- mained at home until his marriage in his twentieth j'ear to Lucinda Reeves, a distant relative. She was born in Kentucky and was the daughter of Wilson and Betsy (Nichols) Reeves. To this mar- riage have been born six sons and one daughter, of whom three died in j'outh. There are three .sons and a daughter living: Lewis W.,a farmer of Pope County, who has a wife and one son; Cora W., a young lady now at home; John W., a j^outh of sixteen years, who is still under the parental roof, and Fred O., who is eight years old, and at home attending school. Mr. Reeves appreciates a a good education, and is doing what he can to ed- ucate his children. He and his wife began life without means, even borrowing mone.y to pay for the marriage license. He rented land for two years, and then bought one hundred and six .acres for ^490; this was one and one-half miles from his present home. To the original farm he added forty acres, and within seven years traded it for his present farm of two hundred and twenty PORTRAIT AND RIOORAI'IIICAL RKVIEW. 325 acres, going in debt to the extent of t>2,000. During tlie eleven years, he has lived upon tliis farm, lie lias paid oflf his debt and he is now one of tlie most prosperous farmers in this part of llie State. He built his tine, large stock and hay barn in 1891, wliich is 64x64 feet in dimensions, has twenty-five foot posts and nine roomy box stalls. It was built at a cost of *1,120, and is the best liani in the county. Mi'. Reeves is one of the thorough farmers, who believes in doing thii.gs well. lie is a stock farmer and is dealing in stock and grain, of which he bu3'S and ships many car- loads during the year in partnership witii H. S. Pai-sons. They ship to Chicago, St. Louis, Toledo, and to Southern points. He has been in the stock trade ten years, and in the grain trade two years. He has no time for public office but by a unani- mous vote was elected School Director, and is also a Master Mason and votes the Democratic ticket, though for some years our subject has taken but little interest jn politics. At present (1893) he is doing business at the old stand, whicii is at Wash- ington Cit}'. ^^^S-^">^ll^#!^ OMX A. STA LIONS was born in Trigg fount}", Ky., July 17, 1837, and now resides in township 11, Pope County. His father was ()^^ \V. P. Stalions, of the same county, born March 21, 1811. who, like his father, Reuben Stal- ions, was a farmer. Reuben Stalions was a native of North Carolina, and at an early day became a settler in Kentucky. lie was twice married, :ind liy liis tirst wife had three sons: Moses, Aaron and Joshua. Of these Moses and Aaron were soldiers in the War of 1812 under Gen. Jackson. By the second marri.ige he had four sons and three daughters, and of these children W. P. Stalions was the third child and second son. Mr. Stalions died in middle life, his wife living to be alwut seventy years of age. W. P. Stalions, our subject's father, was married four times, having by the first wife one daugh- ter, and by the second « , :uiil three daughters, our subject being the t-hlfsi of the four cliildien. By tiie third wife he had two daughters and one son. The first wife of W. P. Stalions w.as in her maiden days Nancy Armstrong, of Ken- tuckj'. Her only child was Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Lampson, who died in the prime of life, leaving a family of children. The second wife of W. P. Stalions was Melinda Thomas, daughter of Richard and Sarah (Barnes) Thomas, of Kentucky, who was born May 3, 1819, and died April 8, 1846, at the age of twenty-five years. Her children were as follows: John A.; Mary Jane, who died in earl}- childhood; and Amanda M., who died in Hardin County, III., in February, 1886, aged forty- two years. The latter was married twice, her first husband liaving been John Quinc^' Adams, named after the fourth President of the United Stales, and her second husband T. L.Jenkins. The third wife of Mr. Stalions, and the stepmother of our subject, was formerlj- Mrs. Elizabeth Parish, nee Matthews, daughter of John and .Sarah Matthews, and the widow of George Parish. By her first husband she had five children, four sons and one daughter, and b\' her marriage to Jlr. Stalions she had two daugh- ters and one son: Slary .\nn, deceased wife of James Matthews; Bethany, now Mrs. William O'Neal, of Williamson County; and Samuel K., a farmer of Union Township. The fourth wife of Mr. Stal- ions was Martha Bruce, widow of Cornelius Bruce, who died soon after her marriage. Mr. Stalions died in Caldwell County. Ky., October 1.5, 18.57, in his forty-sixth year. Johri A. Stalions w.as reared on the farm and received what little education he could in a subscription school. He was married October 1, 1857, fifteen days before his father's death, to Miss Mary E. Lowery, of Crittenden County. Ky., daughter of James anil Elizabeth Lowery. in Septeml)er, 1858, they emigrated to Illinois by means of their team and located first near Eldo- rado, Saline County, on a rented farm. Aug- ust 15, 1862, Mr. Stalions enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, George Burnett Iteing his captain. He served as a private soldier until June 8, 1865, and was mustered out at Washington, D. C, on that da^-, at which time :V2fi poirrii.vrr anj) uioohaimiicai. ufa'ifav. he w!i> :i ineinl)(M- of Company H, of tlie same regi- iiiont. Ik' was not off duty save a few times, a ilay or two at a time, when unfit for service on account of sickness, lie endurerl the hardships of the war bettt>r than the great majority of his com- rades, and also escaped the measles, a disease from wiiich many of them suffered and died. His first liglit was at Perryville, Ky., where lie displayed great courage and valor, and lie was also in a skirmish at Cumberland Gap, the battle of Stone Hiver, Chattanooga, Clnckamauga, Missionary Ividge, Peach Tree Creek, in tlie famous march from Atlanta, and charged the batteries at Jonesborough tiic day that city fell. In this charge many of his comrades fell near him, but he escaped unhurt, and marched witii ohl Tecumseh to the sea, thence up into the Carolinas, where he saw Gen. Johnston surrender, after wliich he returned to his wife and three children at his home in Union Township. In this township he purchased eighty acres of land for $400, which had been improved, and upon which he built a good hewed-log house, now a part of his present fine large residence. It has been improved by siding up outside and ceiling inside, until now it has the appearance of being a frame house, and is doubtless more comfortable than a frame house would be. The main part of the house is 20x50 feet in dimensions, and the L part is H.'clS feet in measurement and is one and a-half stories high. He has added to what ma}^ be called his home farm proper, which is the eighty acres, from time to time until he now owns two hundred and fifty-five acres, one hundred and seventy-five acres of which are under cultivation. Mr. Stalions also owns fortj' acres of land upon which his son lives, besides a forty-acre tract of timber land, on which he is carrying on general farming. lie built his commodious store in the spring of 1892, and put in a stock of general mer- chandise. He is a stalwart Republican and was appointed Postmaster at the new postoffice called Colorado when it was established, and has served the township as Justice of the Peace three terms. He was elected County Commissioner and on the expiration of one term was ajjpointed to fill a va- cancy m the same olliee. He also served some eight years as Township Treasurer, and as District Clerk and Treasurer of Highways. He is a Uoyal Arch Mason and since 1881 lias been an Odd Fellow in good standing. He and his wife are members of the United Haptist Church, and are the fond parentsof the following children: W. 11,, living on the farm, and having a wife and four children, two sons and two daughters; Amanda M., wife of I. F. Jenkins, a farmer near by, who has two sons and four daughters; Ann V., wife of W. W. Matthews, who is working the home farm and has one son and tiiree daughtei-s; Serilda J., wife of W. M. Gee, a farmer, whom she bore one son and two daughters; Mary E., wife of Frank Hancock, and wiio lias one daughter; Samuel S., wlio mar- ried Nora Rose; John T., a 3'outh of sixteen, at home; and Ida Belie, a miss of thirteen years, in school. They have all had a good common-school education, and are well informed on current events. Miss Melinda M. Stalions, a sister of Mr. Stalions, has made her home with him for some time. He was married the .second time, Novem- ber 19, I880. to INIiss Sarah A. Kirby, of Union Township, but who was born in Tennessee, and is a daughter of Pleasant and Harriet M. (Wood) Kirby, who came from Tennessee in the spring of 1855. The mother died at their farm home in Union Township in 1858, in middle life, leaving her husband and eight children. The father is still living, and is in good health for a man of his years, as at the present writing he is nearly eighty years old. Mr. Stalions is a man of sterling quali- ties, of high moral standing, and is thoroughly re- spected by his fellow-citizens and h)ved by friends. -^=-^^>^^^ County, in 1846. He is a son of Joel and ,/^ J; Elizabeth (Bradford) Rose, the former of ^^^' Georgia and the latter of Tennessee. They were married in Pope County in 1824, he at the age of twenty and she at the age of twontj--four years. Joel R'ose was a sou of Thomas Rose and liis wife, who was a Miss Bronuer. The grand- RE.51DENCC0F LOGAN RAN DOLPH , SeC.S: . 1 P. 15 , R . :; . POPF CO. I LL. t< LIVERY fc^FEED STABLE GROCERY. RESTAURANT, BUSINESS PROPERTY OF J. C.COOLEY, METROPOLIS CITY. ILLINOIS. I roKTKAIT AND liKXiKAl'lIKAL KEVIEW. 329 parents of our subject had twelve children, eight of whom were sons, and Joel was the eldest of the family. The father of this large family kept a wood-yard for steamboats on the Ohio River at Rock Quarr^v. Pope County, at the raoutli of Grand Pier Creek. Here his wife died at a ripe old age, and he too passed away some four years later, at about the age of eighty years. Of the family left by them, John D. lives in Jackson Count3-, 111., and has been a merchant all his life; Eratio, tlie next younger of the family, was a Baptist preacher and is probably living in Texas. The fatlier of our subject died in J.ickson County, 111., at the age of sixty years, lie liad been a consumptive for many 3'ears, and in the advanced stage of that disease lie was taken to Arkansas with their first two children, wliere he so far recovered liis heallli as to be able to return to Illinois in 1832. He was a boot and shoe maker by trade, and followed his trade when able to work. Sub- sequently, he lived a few ^-ears in Missouri and Arkansas, and again returned to Illinois, three years before his death. He and his wife had six sous and one daughter, tlie latter dying in infanc3', and one son dying while very yonng. They also buried Thoma-s, a man of family, who died in Mis- souri about 18r)8. Elbert left home in 1862 and has never been heard from since. The others are Basil B., a farmer of Scott County, Ark., now in his sixties; and William, a farmer and partner of the subject of this sketch, with whom lie is en- gaged in merchandising at Cedar Bluff. B. \V. Rose was reared to farm life, and in bo3'- hood attended school about one month altogether. His education has been obtained since then by reading, observation and practical experience. He was converted when about twenty-nine 3-ears of age to the faith of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church and has been exhorting and preach- ing ever since. He has been engaged most of the time very successfully in revival work, though he has had pastorates all these years. He was married October !), 1867, to Sarah Turner, of Hardin Count}'. They have lost two sons and one daughter, all of whom died in infancy. There are three sons and three daughters living, viz: Charles I., a Methodist preacher in the regular 17 work in Missouri, who has a wife and one daugh- ter; Nora A., wife of Samuel Stalion; Aurilla M., wife of .Samuel Morse, who has one son and one daughter; Willis, aged seventeen years and at home; Joel, sixteen years old; and Lollie M., who is four. Mr. Rose is a Master Mason and a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the third degree. Politically, he is non-partisan, with Republican tendencies. His brother B. B., of Arkansas, was a soldier in the Confederate service until he made his escape, when he joined the Union army, and he is now a radical Republican in Arkansas. Mr. Rose is not onl}- an honorable and influential citizen, but a whole-souled, kind-hearted gentleman, who by his untiring zeal and industry has won for himself a well-deserved reputation, being a successful business man. .RESTON HARNER, who did his duty right nobly as a brave and patriotic sol- dier when war threatened this country with disunion and destruction, was one of the earl}- settlers of Bloomfield Township, where he owns and occupies a fine farm, which he pur- chased nearly half a century ago, and lias since re- deemed from the wilderness. Our subject was born in Knox County, Tenn., December 28, 1817. His father, Philip Ilainer, was a native of Wythe County, Va., and a son of Christopher Ilarner, who was born in this country, but was of German antecedents. He removed from Virginia to Knox County, Tenn., and later to Hardin County, where lie died. Philip Harner was a young man when he left his early Virginian home to live in Tennessee. He was married there to Miss Katie Copras, who is thought to have been born in Virginia. She died in Knox County in 1819, and the father married a second time. After marriage Mr. Ilarner continued his residence in Knox County until 1819, when he removed to Roane County, and settled ten miles from Kings- ton. Six years later he went from there to Hardin 330 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. County-, boiiglil land and improved a farm, and resided there unlil 1816. In that year he left Tennessee to avail himself of the advantages offered by the eht'a|) land and rich soil of Illinois, and eoming to Johnson County, he entered a tract of land from the Government in what is now Rloomliold Township. lie built upon it, improved the land, and made it his home until death closed his mortal career. The subject of this sketcii lost his own mother before his remembrance, and was reared by a step- mother. He remained an inmate of the parental home until lie was fourteen years old, and at that age commenced to learn the trade of saddler, at which he worked ten months. Returning home, he remained three months, and after that lie worUod at the trade of a shoemaker a few montiis. His next employment was as a farm hand, and he continued working out by the month in Hardin County- for some time. He B'as there married, in his twenty-third year, and from that time farmed on his own account on rented land until 1844. In January of that year he came to Illinois, traveling by the way of the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers on a flatboat, bringing household goods, stock and tools. After his arrival he bought a claim to a tract of Government land in what is now Bloomfield Township, on which a log cabin had been built for a dwelling for his family. The same year he exchanged that claim for the one where he now lives, and later entered it from the Government at $1.25 an acre. This purchase included eighty acres of land, and there was a log house on the place when it came into his possession. He has since bought other laud, and now has a fertile and well-cultivated farm of one hundred and sixty-seven acres, which is pro- vided with good buildings and is otherwise finely improved. The work that he li.as accomplished in reclaim- ing this choice farm from a state of nature entitles Mr. Harner to an honorable place among the most useful pioneers of the county, to whose develop- ment he h.as thus niateriall3' contributed. When he came here this and adjoining counties were but sparsely settled, most of the land w.as owned by the Government, and there were but few improve- ments. There were no railways for several 3'ears, and deer and other kinds of wild game were plentiful, roaming at will over the prairies and through the forests. Our subject is also worth}' of all respect for his conduct during the war, when he threw aside his work to take his place among the defenders of our country's honor. When Ft. Sumter was fired upon, his patriotism was aroused, and believing with all his heart that the Union should be pre- served, he offered his services to assist in its salva- tion, enlisting in Company I, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry', and during the three long and trying years that followed he had a full experience of the trials .and privations of a soldier's life, and displayed good fighting qualities whenever his regiment met the eneni}' in battle. He was dis- charged after being in the army three 3'ears and twenty days, on account of the expiration of his term of enlistment. He voted for Abraham Lin- coln in 1864, and is still a Republican, though he now votes with the People's party. He and his wife are members in high standing of the Baptist Church. Mr. Harner was married in November, 1841, to Nancy, daughter of William and Margaret Shelly, and a native of Trigg Count}', K}'. To her and our subject have been born three children: Eliza A., wife of Jerome Watkins, and mother of six chil- dren; John C. B., who married Sarah J. Parker, and h.as four children; and Martha A. who married Thom.as Darter, and has five living children and one deceased. e r HRISTIAN WALTER is the happy po.sses- sor of a model farm, which is situated on Count}'. When only twenty-two vears of age he became the owner of one hundred and twenty acres in this same township, afterward purchasing an additional tract of the same extent, thus mak- rORTUAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 331 ing his home place one of two hundred and thirtj' acres. He has himself cleared the most of his farm, erected a substantial house and farm buikl- inj^s and otherwise improved it. He is engaged in general stock-raising, having horses, mules, cattle and hogs, and raises such cereals as corn, wheat and oats. He has been blessed with bountiful re- turns for the labor and care he has bestowed upon his place, and has secured a competence for old age. In the city of Hanover, Germany, on the 11th of January, 1839, occurred the birth of our sub- ject, who was the son of William and Lena (Man- son) Walter, both natives of the Fatherland. The paternal grandparents of our subject were Daniel and Catherine Walter. In .Tuly, 1852, William Walter emigrated to the United States, being tossed to and fro on the broad Atlantic for over thir- teen weeks. On his arrival he at once started for the West, settling in Pope County*, not far from the town of Waltersburg, on a tract of eighty acres, to the cultivation of which he gave his at- tention until his death, in 1851. He left a wife and live children, the former of whom continued to run the farm, upon wliich she resided until she also was called to her final rest. Christian Waller attended the schools of his na- tive land, and received a good German education, but after coming to America, was unable to attend school, as he was needed at home to work on the farm as soon as he was large enough to help sup- port the family. On the 25th of May, 1861, Mr. Walter and Miss Mary Klink were 'inited in mar- riage. The lad^' was born in Wittenberg, Ger- man}', May 24, 1845, and by her marriage has be- come the mother of ten children, who are living, and in order of birth are as follows: William C, John C, George P., Elizabeth M., Annie Marj', David W.. Laura D., Philip A., Carl R. and Delia H. For eight years Mr. Walter has served as School Director, which position he still holds. He has al- ways been active in educational matters, and has given his children the benefits of which to a large extent he was deprived. For two terms he has served his friends and neighbors as Supervisor, and in a number of ways has manifested the inter- est he feels for everything connected with the progress of his adopted country. He is a worthy representative of the German-American citizens, who arc justly- numbered among the very best of Columbia's children. He and his wife are mem- bers of the German Methodist Church at Walters- burg, and in political faith he casts his ballot in favor of the nominees of the Republican party. P' RANCIS A. SWENNER, a prosperous mer- ; chant of Parker, Johnson Count}-, was . born in Logan County, Ky., September 7, 1854. His father. Richardson Swenner, was born in North Carolina, Februar}- 9, 1814, to John Swen- ner, who was a native and farmer of Virginia, and died on his own farm in Tennessee at a ripe old age. He had nine children, five sons and four daughters, of whom Richardson, who married Miss Tabitha Hunt, of Tennessee, was one of the eldest. Richard Swenner and his wife removed from that State to Kentucky about 1850, and from Kentuck}' to southern Illinois in 1860, making the last journey by wagons drawn by a yoke of oxen in true emigrant style. The}' settled near Eldorado, Saline County, renting a farm there for two years, after which they bought eighty acres of wild land of the Illinois Central Railroad Company near Carbondale, upon which they built a rude log cabin in the woods and lived there about three years. When our subject's parents came to Illinois they had eight children, five of whom were sons, and one daughter was born to them after their arrival in Illinois, making a family of nine. One sou, George W., remained in Kentucky. In 1867 they sold out their improved farm near Carbondale for $1,600 and returned to Eldorado, where they pur- chased a tract of two hundred acres, which they sold in 1872 and tliei- removed to another farm near Stone Fort, in Saline County. In 1875 they dis- posed of this land and removed to Johnson County, one and a-half miles from Parker City, 332 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. where they bought one hunrli-ed and sixtj- acres and lived upon this last purchase until their death, the father dying .luly ''>. 188fi, in his seventy-third year, and his widow in January, 1890, aged sixty- eight years. Those of their children who are liv- ing are as follows: George \V., a mechanic in Lo- gan County, Ky.; James W., a farmer of William- son County; William C, a wealthy farmer, also of that county; Henry, residing near Parker City; Mary E., wife of William Wall, a farmer of Will- iamson County; Martha xVnn, wife of Thomas Wall; and Sarah C, wife of A. R. Russell, of John- son County. Krancis A. Swenner had but few adv.antages in tiie educational line in his youth, but had plenty of hard work to do, his father being a tobacco grower, and young Francis had to assist in the cultivation of the crops. He remained at home until he was twenty-four years old, when he was married, September 26, 1878, to Malinda Choat, of Tunnel Hill, daughle'r of Siljis and Emily (Vaughn) Choat. The father died in the year 1888, .aged flft^'-eight years, leaving a widow and five chil- dren, three sons and two daughters. Her mother is still living at Tunnel Hill on her farm. Mr. and Mrs. Swenner followed farming in Johnsfjn County until 1890, at which time they removed to Parker City, where they are now rent- ing their farm and carrying on general merchan- dising. Mr. Swenner was appointed Postmaster of the town in 1892, and h.as been a life-long Re- publican, as was his father before him. His brother, IJeujamin F., w.as a member of the Fifty-sixth Illi- nois Infantry, serving from 1862 until he was lost on the warship "General Lyons" in 1865. J'^'OHN M. CHRISMAN. It is by persever- ance and good management that this gen- tleman now owns one of the best farms of Pope County. He is located on section 26, township 13, range 5, and is a native of Wayne County, Ky., his birth having taken place on the 26tli of November, 184G. His father, Charles S. Chrisman, was a blacksmith by trade and fol- lowed that occupation for a living. He was reared in Kentucky, going there when a lad with his par- ents, and after reaching his majority he l)egan life on his own .account and purch.ased land. He mar- ried the lady of his choice, who bore the maiden name of Mary Simpson and was a native of Ken- tucky. In his chosen occupations as blacksmith and farmer, he was so prospered as to make a good living for himself and family. The father of our subject moved to Illinois in 1860, and when war was declared between the North and South, he enlisted in the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, Company D, in which he went to the front and served as army bl.aeksmith, receiving his honorable discharge in 1864. At that period he returned to Illinois and purchased land, on which he resided for about two years, at the end of which time he sold out and removed to Kansas. Staying there but two 3'ears, he returned to Illi- nois and is now living at Birds-Eye, Pope County, with his aged companion, who is, with her hus- band, enjoying good health. She was born De- cember 11, 1815, and her husband's birth occurred in September, 1820. Our subject remained at home with his parents until seventeen years old, attending school .about two terms in his native State, Kentucky. AVhen his parents emigrated to Illinois, he of course came along, driving the ox-team and enjoying camp life for about three weeks' time. Being of a pa- triotic nature, he also answered President Lin- coln's call for troops, and when but seventeen years old enlisted in the Twent}--ninth Illinois Infantry, Company F, at Columbus, on the 9th of August, 1864. He fought in the siege of Mobile and the eug.agements at Ft. Blakeley, Span- ish Fort, and several minor skirmishes, remain- ing in servii'c until the close of the war. lb- was discharged at MiUican. Tex., and was paid in full at Springliold, 111., in Xuvcnihor. l.S(;.-,. Returning home, young Chrisman staged with his parents three years, and in 1869 purch.ased a farm of eighty acres in this county, in township PURTHAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL liKMKW, 333 13, range 5, on which he lived for two years, and then sold out in order to purehasu the farm on wliich he now lives and which comprises one hun- dred improved acres. The house that stands thereon has been remodeled, and with the farm is ke])t in such shape as to signify a model farmer is its owner. Mr. C'hrisman is now ensfaging in the raising of stock, horses, cattle and sheep, and real- izes large crops of corn, wheat, oats and other cereals. Our subject was married November 2i), 1869, to Mary K. Dixon, who was born June 2t, 1849, and whose parents were natives of Kentucky and Illinois, respectively. She died August 26, 1892. The maiden name of our subject's present wife was Ellen Noel, and she has always made her home in Pope County. She is a most estimable lady, and is highl3- regarded in the social circles of this communitv. y" IL]>IAM 15. PARSONS, who for the past twenty-six years has resided at his present „ „ home in township 1 1, Pope Count}', was born in AlbeniarleCounty,Va., in 1828. His father, Will- iam Parsons, was born in Virginia about 1800, and followed farming for a livelihood. He was one of four children, three sons and one daughter. Will- iam B. Parsons knows but little of his grandparents, but there is little doubt that his grandfather Parsons was born in England, and was brought to the Fnited .States by his parents, who settled in Virginia. The grandparents died in that State, the grandmother surviving her husband many years, dying at the great age of one hundred and four years. William Parsons was married three times. Ilis first wife, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was Mary Moran, of Virginia, where they were married. They removed to Lincoln County, Ky., near Crab Orchard, in 1838, when William B. was a lad of ten years, taking with them their family of two .sons and four daugiitcrs. This removal was made in October with teams of horses and wagons, and required about four weeks' time. The father took charge of a toll-gate on the turnpike from Louisville to Crab Orchard. The family settled on new land, where the mother died in March, 1839. Mr. Parsons lived thirty years af- ter her death, and was afterward twice married, b}' his third wife becoming the father of two sons. In 1855 he removed to Sangamon County, 111., and four years later returned to Kentucky and located in Breckenridge County, where he died in 1871, over seventy j-ears of age. William B. Parsons was reared to farm life, as had been all his forefathers, so far as he knows, none of whom ever took anj' part in the war, ex- cept his father, who served as a substitute in the War of 1812. Mr. Parsons had fourteen days' schooling when a boy, and was married to Miss Nanc3' Jane Reagan, daughter of Preston and Me- linda (Waters) Reagan. They were married Au- gust 18, 1850, and removed to Sangamon County, 111., in the fall of 1856 with their three children. They made this removal with their own teams and wagon in regular emigrant style, camping out by the roadside at night. Besides their outfit they brought with them but little means. In the fall of 1859, they removed to Johnson County, near to Old Reynoldsburgh. Up to this time Mr. Parsons had farmed on rented land, and in Johnson County he raised a crop of tobacco on leased land, making enough money to buy his first forty acres of land in the woods. He erected a good hewed-log house, which now forms a part of his present residence. He owns ninety-two acres, of which seventy-two acres are in a high state of cultivation, and on them he carries on farming on a small scale, and is taking a merited and well-earned rest in his old age. Mrs. Parsons has borne her husband three daughters and six sons, all of whom are living but one, Mary Elizabeth, who was an invalid for twelve years and died in 1870 at the age of nineteen years. The living members of the family are as follows: James P., a farmer living near our sub- ject; Hiram S., a farmer of Johnson County; Me- linda M., wife of James Bundren,a farmer of Union Township; Eliza Jane, wife of R. F. Throgmorton; Robert M., Joseph T., William F., all married and living not far from the old home except Robert 334 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. M., a young man who has been blind for the past year, and .losepli T. Mr. Parsons is a Democrat in polities, and he and his wife are members of tlie General Free-will Baptist Church. They have four <,'randd:iughters anil ten liiandsons. 'S| AMES R. STEAGALL is one of the exten- sive farmers and prosperous business men ,-— , of Pope County, owning a well-improved (^^ tract of land on section 32, township 13, range 6, where he carries on general farming and makes a specialtj'^ of raising fine stock. He owns a herd of registered Shorthorn cattle, and in ad- dition to this, deals extensively in horses, cattle and hogs, and raises large quantities of corn, wheat, oats and hay. In the 3'ear 1888 he en- gaged in the mercantile business, carrying a gen- eral stock of goods in a well-equipped store in the village of Columbus. He is a prominent man in political and public circles, having filled vari- ous Oilices of trust and importance within the gift of the people. He is a prominent man in polit- ical and public circles, having filled various of- fices of trust and importance within the gift of the ijeople. For four years, from 1866 until 1870, he was Justice of the Peace, served one term as County Commissioner, and for one term was a member of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly. Tlie subject of this life histor}' was born in Rutherford County, Tenn., on the 4th of March, 1833. His father, Obediah G. Steagall, who was a native of Virginia, was a farmer, owning a con- siderable tract of land in Tennessee, where he fol- lowed agricultural pursuits and stock-raising dur- ing almost his entire life. His death occurred on the old homestead in 1890, at which time he had reached the good old age of eighty-six years. Our subject's mother, who was in her maiden daj's Miss Mary Hodge, was born in Tennessee, and there passed her entire life. James R. Steagall attended school in Lincoln Countv, of his native State, for about two terms onh', the opportunities in the way of education of former days being extremely limited and little to be compared with those afforded the youth of these times. The schoolhouse was made of logs, with puncheon lloor, and during the winter was heated by means of a huge fireplace. A gap was left along one side of the wall for a window, which was unprotected b3' window glass, and con- sequently it was rather cold during the winter. In^ver^' severe weather the floor was removed and a fire built in the middle of the room. The seats were made by splitting open logs, hewing one side fairly smooth and making a sort of a bench with four pins for legs. In spite of all his dis- couragements and disadvantages, how-ever, our subject was blessed with an active and intelligent mind, and made the best of what ojjportunities he had, studying and reading by himself, and thus acquiring a practical knowledge of men and affairs, which has served him in good stead. He remained under the parental roof until reaching his majority, devoting himself to assisting his fa- ther in the homestead. At the age of twenty-one our subject started out of his own accord to make his way in the world, first commencing in 1854 to farm on shares, and continuing on that basis for about ten years in his native State. In the year 1864 he removed to this State, going by railroad to Nashville, whence he i)roceeded by boat to Golconda. His first purchase of land in this countj^ was on sec- tions 23 and 'HI, township 11, range G, where he continued to live until 1877, or for thirteen 3-ears. During that time he added more land to his orig- inal tract from time to time, until he owned over eleven hundred acres, of which he has since dis- posed to good advantage. His present place com- prises some six hundred acres, which are all under good cultivation and thoroughly improved. Mr. Steagall is a progressive and enterprising farmer, using the most approved modern methods and the latest devices for saving labor and carrying on general agriculture. On January /), 18.34, occurred the marriage of Mr. Steagall and Miss Nancy Catlierine Hix. Both Mrs. Steagall and her parents are natives of Ten- nessee, where her marriage was celebrated with PORTRAIT AM) BlOGRArilK Al, RKVIEW, 335 our subject. Their union was blessed with a fam- ily of twelve children, ten living, who in order of liirth are as follows: William O., Elizabetli, Me- lissa, Thomas R., Mary M., Eliphus R., Laura, Arthur H., John R. and Aloconna. Mr. Steagall lias given his children good school advantages, as he has felt the need of such preparation for the battle of life for himself greatly at times, and has carried out his resolve that his cliildren sliould be thus blessed. The farail}- are good citizens, much respected in tlie communities where they make their homes. Mrs. Steagall, one daughter and three sons are members of the United Jjaptist Church, while three daughters are members of the Presbyterian Church. Our subject is a member of Golcouda Lodge No. 131, A. F. it A. M., and also of Cliapter No. 1 ()2, of that place. lie votes the straight Republican ticket and has always taken a commendable inter- est in political and local affaii-s, doing all in his power to advance all worthy measures as a true American citizen should. By his wortliy qualities, strictly honorable career and unblemished repn- tion he lias won a host of friends, who hold him in the hii^hest esteem. *^^l 1^^^ |~^ EXJAMIN WALTIIER is a prominent and L--S prosperous farmer owning a well-cultivated j^ I tract of one hundred and sixty acres on ^—^ section 22, township 13, range 6, Pope County, wliere he follows general farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of horses, cattle, mules and sheep. Our subject was born in this county June 27, 1848, and is a son of Benjamin and Catherine (Burrick) Waltber. both natives of Germanv. Our subject's paternal grandfather, Benjamin Walther, emigrated from the Fatherland to Illinois, locating in Pope County, in 1842, where he purchased land and resided until his deatli. His wife bore the maiden name of Mar^- Elsie Bur- ick, she also being a native of Germany. Our subject's father was a stone mason b}- trade and followed that occupation and farming for a living. He came to the United .States with his parents, purchased land in this county, and upon the home- stead reared his little family. He departed this life April i), 1893. The subject of this brief life sketch remained with his parents assisting them in whatever manner he could until arriving at the age of twent3'-five years. He then considered himself old enough to start out in life for himself and about that time was united in marriage with Miss Martha N. War- ner, the ceremony' being performed January 30, 1872. Mr. Walther's school advantages had been very limited, he being enabled to go only about four months altogether, as he was the eldest boy in the family and was needed at home. He has alwa3-s been of an active and enquiring mind, however, and has endeavored with might and main to make up for anj- deficiency in his early education b}- general stud^' and observation. In his boyhood the country was very wild, bearing little resem- blance to the prosperous and well-populated county' it has now become. Wild game was plentiful, and deer, wolves and bear were frequently seen. The mother used to card, weave and spin, and until our subject reached adult j-ears he had never possessed a suit of "store" clothing. As previously stated, Mr. Walther started out to make his wa}' in the world at the age of t\vent3-- five years, then purchasing a farm of flft^'-four acres, on which he erected a log house. He cleared the land, and after devoting himself to its im- provement and cultivation for seven years he sold the farm and purchased the place where he now resides. He owes his present condition of prosperity and comfort to the fact that he has ever evinced industry, sturdy pei*scveraneeand un- remitting attention to his business interests. He has served in various positions of honor and trust, having been elected School Director in District No. 6, serving for seven years and still occupying the position. For some time he has been Road Com- missioner in District No. 4, and in various ways has shown the interest he feels in his neighbors and the welfare of the community at large. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, belonging to Bayard Lodge No. 1,754, at Golconda. He is PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. also a member of the Methodist Cluircli, and casts Ids ballot in favor of the candidates of the Repub- lican party. Mrs. Walther was born in Pittsburg, I'a., November 13, 1852, lier parents being natives of llesent-Landt, Germany, and to herself and hus- band have been born two children, who are named respectively John Adams Hcnjamin, and Louisa Klora. eALEB M. TAYLOR owns and operates a farm of seventy acres on section 14, town- ship 12, range (i. Pope County, which he purchased in 1872, paying for it ^630. The farm, which was but little improved then, onl}' forty acres being under cultivation, and having no buildings upon it except an old log house, has been greatl}' changed in appearance, and our sub- ject now has it in good condition, raising crops of corn and wheat principally. He is a successful farmer, and uses the latest methods in carrying on his work. For over twenty years Mr. Taylor has been prominently connected with the welfare of this community as a farmer, and has indeed spent his entire life in the county, as he was born here, March 13, 185.3. His father, James P. Taj'lor, who was born in Indiana in 1825, emigrated to Illinois at an early day, settling in Hardin Count}', where he was a prominent and leading agriculturist for many years. A sketch of his life appears on an- other page of this volume. Our subject is third in a family of six living children, as follows: Jonathan F., who is a resi- dent of Carbondale, and a prominent lawyer and politician of that city; Spencer B., who is engaged in farming in Golconda Township; Richard F., an attorney-at-law and State's Attorne}' at Elizabeth- town, Hardin Count\-; William F., a practicing physician in Poplar Bluff, Mo.; and Priscilla I., the wife of Daniel Flannery, who is engaged in farm- ing in this localit}'. Two sisters and a brother died in early childhood. Our subject was early inured to farm life, and receiv^ed a fair common-school education. When twenty years of age, he received a certificate and taught school for one term, leaving home at that time. He was united in marriage December 28, 1876, to Miss Minerva Flanner^', who bore him six children, two daughters and four sons. Of the six children, a son and the two daughters died in earl}' childhood. Those living are Richard R. and Henry O., aged respectively thirteen and eleven, who are attending school, and James D. now seven years of age. The mother departed this life in 1887, aged thirty-three j'ears. Some time later our subject was again married, Miss Sarah ('., daughter of Samuel Gullett, becoming his wife, April 8, 1888. To them has been born a bright little girl, Orpha D., now three years of age. Soon after his first marriage, Mr. Taylor re- moved to his father's old farm, in which he owned an interest, and which he carried on for about a year, then selling his share in the former place, he purchased his present farm, but previous to loca- ting upon it, he engaged in working leased land for about five years. In 1892 he was elected Jus- tice of the Peace. Polilicall}', he is a Democrat, and he is an influential man in this region, one who is well known and thoroughly liked. i^ELIX G. MORSE, who has resided on his pres- ent farm of one hundred and forty acres on section 12, township 11, range 5, Pope County, for the past twentj'-five years, was born in the same precinct in which be now lives in 18 1 1. His father, Samuel Morse, was a native of South Carolina, and came to Illinois in 1818, a few months before the State was admitted to the Union. He was born in South Carolina in 1811, and bis fa- ther, John S. W. Morse, was also a native of that State. When the latter removed to Illinois he brought with him his wife and three children. He was but eighteen years old when his first child. Samuel, was born. He married Sarah Cowan, of South Carolina, who was then a young girl. The}- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 337 were in liiunble circumstances, and when they re- iiioveci to Illinois it was \vitii other families and b}' means of an ox-team. They were farmers by occu- pation and lived as scjnatters on ditfcrent claims in this portion of Illinois for some time, but before iiis deatli Mr. Moi-se bought a farm of one hundred and fort^' .acres. His wife died at about tliirty- tive years of age and left him eleven children, six sons and five daughters. He never married again, and died in 18(!4, at the age of sixty-six years. Samuel Morse, father of our subject, married Mis-s Lucinda Sbuffelbarger, of Virginia, and of (rerman ancestry. Upon first coming to Illinois he purchased one hundred and twentj' acres of land at 8l.2.^ per acre, and later three hundred and twenty acres at one shilling per acre. He also bought otlier lands and settled all his six children on farms. He died in 1882. at the age. of sevent}'- one, leaving a widow and five children, all sons. They had buried three infants, and S. W. Morse died in the hospital in February, 1862, aged twenty-three. He was a member of the Twentj'- seventh Illinois Infantry, and was in the battle of Ft. Donelson shortly before he was taken sick with fever, which caused his death. William H. Morse died on his farm in 1868, aged twenty- seven, leaving a wife and three children. David, the youngest child, died in 1882, one month be- fore his father's deatli, aged twenty-three. The children living are as follows: .Samuel Lewis, now a resident of Golconda; Felix G.; Milo, a farmer living near by; John, a farmer in the vicinitj'; and Gilbert, a farmer living near Glendale, Pope County. The mother of these children was boi-n in 1811, and now, at the age of seventy-nine, is bright and active .and makes her home with her son Felix G. The father of our subject was one of the associate judges, and served two terms of three years each in that capacity. Felix G. Morse had a good common-school edu- cation and was reared to the pursuit of agricul- ture. He was married when twenty-four years of age, October 29, 186H, to Miss Melvina E. .lenkins, of Pope County, and a daughter of W. C. and Jane (Travis) Jenkins. Tliej- have resided at their present home since their marriage and have been the parents of thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters, four of whom are deceased. David and Lyman died at the age of two j^ears, and a daughter, Maud, passed awaj' at about the same age. Those living are .as follows: Miranda E., twenty-two years of age, and wife of S. O. Hollo- way; Edward, a 3'oung man of eighteen years at home; Anna R., sixteen years old; William S.; Mary E., twelve; Herman E., eight; Effie M., seven; Montie, four; and Loren, a baby. Mr. Morse is a Republican. He carries on general farm- ing and is giving his children a good education. He is well known as an excellent citizen and a kind neighbor. m^-^<^ ,Tr^i OBERT W. STONE. Prominent among the lii^ stead\' business men of the county is the ciiWi gentleman whose name heads this sketch, ^^ who is a progressive merchant of Simpson, Johnson Count\', born in Pope Count}', 111., Febru- ary 20, 1860. He is a son of John and Almcdia (Jackson) Stone, the former a native of Tennessee, as was also his grandfather and grandmother. John Stone was a farmer in Tennessee, but sold out and came to Illinois at an early da}-, purch.asing land in Johnson County, which he afterward sold and then removed to Pope County, where he pur- chased two hundred acres of uncultivated land, which he improved and lived upon until his death. During his life he was regarded as one of the leading farmers of the county. Our -subject remained at home until lie was twenty-one years of age, and then went to Loui- siana, where he stayed but a short time, later go- ing to Texas, but not long afterward came back to Illinois, where he engaged in farming for a time, after which he ran a huckster wagon to very good advantage. He next followed the mercantile business in Simpson, opening up in 1888. and by skillful management is now the leading merchant of this thriving little village. He carries a gen- eral stock of merchandise and his trade extends miles around and is well known as being con- 338 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. ducted upon correct and lionest principles. He was married October 11,1882, to Rebecca Koch, and by this union became the father of four chil- dren: Ernest C, Lula, Charlie and Homer. He is a member of Simpson Lodge No. 772, L O. O. v., and is liberal in his religious views. Politic- ally, Mr. Stone is a warm supporter of the Dem- ocratic principles and platform, for which he has cast his vote for a number of years. lOBERT H. WISE, Esy., .lustice of the Peace of New Burnside, was born in Haywood County, W. Tenn., July 22, 1832. His i)father, William J., who was a son of Will- iam Wise, a native of AVaj'nc County, N. C, was born and reared on his father's farm in that State. The grandmother of our subject was a Miss Howard, of the same vicinit^^ an aunt of the well-known and highly distinguished Mem- ber of Congress from the Seventh Illinois District, Thomas J. Henderson, who served in Congress twenty-eight years. William, the grandfather, was in the War of the Rebellion, rising from a Col- onel to be Brigadier-General. He reared three sons and three daughters, of whom William J. was the eldest. The grandparents both lived to a ripe old age, and died in North Carolina within a few years of each other. The wife of William J. Wise, and mother of Robert H. Wise, was a Miss Re- becca Lawhorn, of North Carolina. He and his wife, within about one 3-ear of their marriage, came from North Carolina to Illinois with one daughter, and lived a year in Vienna Township, whence the3' removed to West Tennessee and lived there about eleven 3'ears on a farm. They then sold the farm and returned to Vienna Township, making these journeys by teams, and the first trip was made in the old-time one-horse cart drawn b^- two horses driven tandem style. They began life together with about $300 capital, and experienced all the rough and rugged realities of pioneer life. When the fatiier and mother of our subject came to Illinois the second time, they brought six children, of whom Robert II. was the youngest, and the baby, but this move was made in a more comfortable manner, in a covered wagon drawn by a team of horses. After returning to Illinois tlie}^ lived three years in Vienna Township, from the spring of 1837 to the spring of 1840. when they removed to New Burnside and bought a claim of one hundred and sixty acres of Goveni- ment land of a squatter, and at once moved into his rude log cabin. This they made their home for many 3'ears, but at length erected a good hewcd- log house and purchased two hundred acres more land. In 1857 they sold this farm of three hundred and sixt^^ acres for ^1,800, and purchased two hundred and forty acres five miles to the northward from it in Williamson County for $1,000. Here Mrs. Wise died in 1871, .at the age of seventy years, and Mr. Wise followed her to the tomb in 1873, aged seventy years. They had buried one daughter at the age of one and a-half years, and a son, Thomas C, at the age of five. A daughter, Sarah, the wife of W. W. Hall, died in the prime of womanhood, before the death of her parents, and left four sons and one daughter. The eldest of these, Thomas W. Hall, is now Cashier of the First National Bank of Harrisburg. Saline County, 111. The 3'oungest brother of Robert H. Wise, Oliver J. Wise, died in New Burnside at the age of forty-seven years, leaving three children. Lewis E. Wise, the eldest brother of Mr. Wise, and the first-born of the famil}', was in the South at the breaking out of the war. He was one of the wounded "Louisiana Tigers" in the first battle of Manassas and was sent to the hos- pital, this being the last tidings that were ever re- ceivid of him. A sister of Mr. Wise, Elizabeth ,1., wife of Will- iam R. Mounce, died at their home farm in Will- iamson Gounty, 111., in 1880, aged forty-eight years, leaving two sons and four daughters. Those of the family now living are as follows: Hiram AVise, aged sixt3'-five3'ears, a farmer and a law3-er, retired from active labor, but living on his farm in Johnson Count3-; William J. Wise, sixt3'-three years old, a retired fanner living in Union County, 111.; Curtis P. Wise, forty-nine years of age. a I PORTKAir AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 339 farmer of Saline Coimt^', 111.; and Robert H. Wise, who was reared on tlie f:irm. and li.-is followed farming most of his life. Our.-iubjcct w.as married in the spring of 1857 to Miss Emily C. Wright, a daughter of John and Mary (Arnold) Wright, both from Tennessee, and pioneers in this part of Illinois, wlio settled in Will- iamson County. This daiigliter was born in 1811, and her father died on his farm in 1860, her mother dj'ing in 1885, when nearly eighty years of age. Mr. Wise's first wife died in her forty -second year, February IG, 188:3. She bore him nine children, five sons and four daughters, all but two of whom have died: Mary E., widow of Christopher Heir; and Robert H., a youth of seventeen 3'ears, at home and in school. August 6, 1883, Mr. Wise was married a second time, to Sarah E. Boozer, wild was horn in Kentucky, and is the daughter of Tl las .1. and Eliza (McEuan) Boozer. Mr. and Mrs. Wise reside in the village of New Burnside, which has been their home since May, 1883. Mr. Wise enlisted August 15, 18G2, in the One Hundred and Twentj'-cight Illinois Infantry, as a Sergeant in Company F, and was transferred to Company (i. Ninth Illinois, under the command of '-Old Ike'" Clemets, Captain. On July 28, 1861, the regiment was consolidated with six companies of another regiment, and Mr. AVise became Com- missary Sergeant of Company A, of the consoli- dated regiment, and served in that capacity until he was discharged. July 18, 1865. During his ser- vice in the army of nearly three years, while he had some very close calls, he was never wounded, and participated in ninety-four battles and skir- mishes, being on duty all the time he was a soldier. He was farming when the war broke out, and left the field of husbandry for the field of carnage, his wife and four small children remaining at home to be cared for bj' neighbors and friends. He returned from the war to iiis old home, where he continued to live until 1871, when he sold his farm and bought one hundred and twenty acres in Williamson County, to which he then removed. There he lived from 1871 to 1880, and was County Commissioner from 1873 to 1877, during which time the notorious bandits of the county were brought to grief, one going to the gallows and seven lo prison for twenty-five years. In the winter of 1879-80 he removed to Howell County, Mo., where he was for three years engaged in pur- chasing supplies for the Kansas, Springfield it Jlemphis Railroad, then in process of construction. Ill May, 1883, he returned to New Burnside and bought out a grocery store, which he sold again within six months, and since then he has most of the time been Police Magistrate, Justice of the Peace, etc. He is fifty-six years old, and has never had any legal papeis served on him worse than a subpQ3na. He has been a Ma.son and an Odd Fellow, and is now a member of Post No. 538, G. A. R., having joined the Grand Army of the Republic in 1885. Up to 1874 he was a Democrat, but since then he has been a supporter of the Re- publican party in politics. •fr rz: 'fr==ini'.->s iiicii in tliis part of the State. ip^MOMAS xNEWTON LArUENCE, one of /^^^ the prominent farmers of Pojie County, has V^' lived for the past forty years on his present farm of about three hundred acres on section .S2, township 1 1 , range .j, east. He was born in IJut- Um County, Ky., October 21, 182(j. His father, Henry (i. Laurence, was born in the same county about 1807, and was a son of Thomas Laurence, a Revolutionary soldier, Vho served three j'ears in the latter part of that war. He was a Virginia farmer, but removed to Kentucky- at an early day. and there reared a large family', having had two wives, and died at nearly seventy years of age. Thomas Newton Laurence was reared at home on the farm, in the Western Purchase of Ken- tucky. When he was a boy he had little oppor- tunity to secure an education, and what education he did receive was in the rude round-log school- house, with dirt floor and stick and clay chimney, and a fireplace more than twelve feet wide. There were no glass windows in this house, the light coining in at the door and through an open- ing made b^' the omission of a log extending the entire length of the building about ten or twelve inches wide. The desk to write upon was half a log resting on pins driven into the wall, and the seats were made in the same manner. Some of the happiest liours of Mr. Laurence's life were passed in that schoolhouse, sitting on the punch- eon seats, with his toes in the ashes, and peering into the blazing fire extending the entire width of the fireplace. When he was eighteen 3-ears old, he received about fifteen months' schooling, which enabled him to transact all ordinaiT business and to go through life in a fairly satisfactory manner. He was married in Marshall Count3', Ky., Novem- ber 29, 1849, at the age of twenty-three 3'ears, to Marj^ T. Feezor, of that county, who was a daugh- ter of George and Alary (Ivy) Feezor, the former of whom was of German ancestry. Our subject had no cash ea[)ital, and began with about *80 worth of household goods. He, however, had one cow, which was a part of the wife's dowry, and which was brought along when the3' moved to Illinois. They arrived November 25, 1850, in Johnson County, and Christm.as Day of that saiiio 3'ear they removed to Pope County, to the bay at Rich Point, where Mr. Laurence, in company with his brother William, bought an iin|)rovement for 1^30, for which he borrowed money. This improve- ment they soUl for an eighty-acre land warrant, which they laid out on land in .lohnson County, and afterward traded for fort3- acres in Pope County, and $20 in money. This land is now a part of his present farm. He took also as a part of the bargain 31-2 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. a note for *40, wliicti he traded for a good mare. From this beginning lie kept on and prospered, woriving hard and i)racticing economy, and from time to time added other Land to his farm, until he had three hundred and twenty acres. He now owns iwo hundred and eighty acres, of which one hundred and twenty-five acres are improved. September 10, 18G1, our subject left his wife and children, and enlisted in Company B, Sixth Illi- nois Cavalry, under Capt. Morra^-, and went out as a private, but was promoted to be Commissary Ser- geant. He was mustered out of service November 5, 186.5, one of the veterans of the war, who had sacrificed everything for his country. He was a very stout and rugged man, standing six feet four inches, and weighing two hundred and sixteen pounds, but the war experience was severe on his health. He narrowly - escaped death by being dragged some distance by a vicious mule, he liang- Ino- by one foot in the stirrup. While Mr. Lau- rence is to all appearances a healthy and well-pre- served man, he is past ail hard work, and is prac- tically retired from active life. His first wife, who died January 22, 187.5, bore him eleven children, six sons and five daughters, of whom eight still survive. Mr. Laurence was married the second lime, to Mrs. Nancy E. Harris, widow of V. B. S. Harris, and a daughter of W. L. and Mary (Har- wood) Wootton. By her first husband this ladj' had four children, three sons and one daughter, of whom only one, tlie first-born, James William Har- ris, is now living, a young man of twenty-four years, at home. By this union with Mrs. Harris, our subject has become the father of three sons and two daughters, and of his sixteen children, thirteen are still liv- ing, the youngest being a bright boy eight years of age. These thirteen children are as follows: Belinda J., wife of E. F. Wootton, who served in the War of the Rebellion, and is now well-to-do and retired from business, living at Metropolis; George, a farmer near Olendale, who has a wife, three sons and two daughters; Martha E., wife of A. L. Bradshaw, « farmer; William M., a farmer of Johnson County, who has a wife, one son and three daughters; Margaret J., wife of W. F. F'riz- zell, a farmer, who has five sons and two daugh- ters; Eveline, wife of M. F. Sailes, a farmer of Pope County, who has one son and one daughter; Susan A., wife of T. J. F'eezor, who died in 1892; Travis .\., a farmer; John II., a farmer in John- son County, who is married; Mary E., a young lady of sixteen years; Joseph W., fourteen years; Samuel A., twelve years; Minnie G., ten years; and Edward H., eight years of age. The last five children were born of the second wife. A son, II. C, died on the 19th of February, 1877, leaving a wife and one sou. Mr. Laurence is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the Mission- ary liaptist Church. He has always been a Repub- lican in politics, and has served as County Com- missioner four years; also acted as Justice of the Peace four years. By means of his farming, which has been of a general nature, he has accumulated a competence for his old age, and is now in a degree enjoying a well-earned rest from the hard labors of the farm. . — I Va 9* (i^^HOMAS BEAN was born in Kentucky, Au- (ff(^^ gnst 4, 1827, and now resides in Belknap, V^^' Johnson Count}'. He is a son of Thomas and Filizabeth (Martin) Bean, who were both na- tives of Tennessee; the former owned a farm in Kentucky, where he followed farming until his death, which took place in 1827. Thomas Bean remained at home until he wiis twenty-three years old, iiaving had duiing his home life about three months' schooling in all. After the death of his father, the mother sold the farm in Kentuck}' and moved to Illinois by wag-jn, crossing the Ohio River at New Liberty Landing, and purchased land in Johnson County in December, 1850. She lived there until 1860, when she sold her land and lived with her children until her death, in 1866. When the war came on, our subject enlisted .-it Pisgaii, Johnson County, as a member of Company C, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and served until March u, I8C.'5, when he was hon- orably discharged on account of physical disability. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 343 He was in poor health all the time he was in the service, and after receiving his dismissal, he re- turned home and rented his mother's farm, on wiiicli he lived about ten 3'ears. At that time he rented another farm in tlie same count}', and in 188(1 and 1882 he purchased land on sections 2 and 85, Cache Township, which is now as good a farm as there is in the township, and upon which the house and other buildings are also first class. The gentleman of whom we write was married .lanuary 22, 18.i2. to Martha .1. Bryant, who died on the 27th of December, 18.52. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Bean was married the second time, .September 24, 18.')1, to Naomi Jones, who was born in Kentucky .July 20, 18;?;]. Mr. and Mis. Bean have seven children: .Martha. I. .Thomas M.. William Findley, Mary Ann, Anna T., Carlos ('. and Sarah C. Mr. and Mrs. Bean are both active nicmbors of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is also connected with the Grand Army Post at Belknap. Politically, he is affiliated with the Re- piiltlican party, for wliicli hcexertsall his intluence. ■Jf/OSJAII T11K(_)(;. MORTON, who has been a prosperous farmer for sixteen years in Burnside Township, and also thirteen years on his present farm of one hundred and sixty-seven acres on sections 24 and 2o, was born in .lohnson County in 18.55. His father, Josiah Thrograorton, was born in North Caiolinaiu 1811, and was reared and married in that State. His first wife was a Miss McSwain, who bore him three ehilc'rcn and died in North Carolina. He was married the second time, to Martha Pierce, the mother of the subject of this sketch, and by her he iiad six sons and three daughters, of whom .lo- siah was the seventh child in order of birth. One daughter died in infancy; .lohii was a soldier ill the War of the Rebellion, w.as wounded in the battle of Shiloh and probably died; Eliza died about 1873 at the .ige of twenty-three years. The father of these children died in 1872 at the age of sixty-two. He came to Illinois with his second wife and four children well into the '40s a poor man, but with his own team of oxen. He took up Government land in .lohnson County and |)iir- chased a farm under deed of one hundred and twenty acres, upon which he lived some twenty 3'ears. This farm he then sold, and he bought in Burnside an eightj'-acre farm, on which he resided until his death. His widow, aged seventy-four years, is still living in Williamson County with her son Pinkey, who was a soldier in the late war. •losiah lived at home on the farm and attended school a part of the time, and learned the com- mon English branches, until he was married in November, 1875, to Miss Lizzie Reeves, a native of Kentucky, and daughter of Absalom and Louisa (Blackstone) Reeves, both of whom died in Ken- tucky. Our subject and his wife began life on a rented farm in this county and within three years were enabled to buy forty acres of laud, to which he soon afterward added ten acres. To this tract were added thirty acres more, then twent^'-five, next fifteen, and finally fort3'-seven acres, making one hundred and sixty-seven broad and fertile acres, for which he has paid from $5 to $15 per acre. He has improved much of this land and has planted five acres in orchard trees, apples, pe.aches, pears, plums, cherries and grapes. His farming is mixed husbandly, he growing more winter wheat than any other crop, but also a considerable amount of corn. His corn yields about thirt^'-five bushels and his wheat averages twenty bushels to the acre, and a number of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs will be found on this well-kept farm. Mr. Throgmortou is a member of the Board of .School Directors and is Overseer of the Poor. He is a Master Mason and also a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. All of his eight children arc living: Martha Louisa, sixteen j'ears of age; John Henry, fourteen years; Thomas Ar- thur, twelve; Eininet P., ten; William A., eight; Walter Lee, six; Nellie Pearl, four; and Norris, two years old. They are all in school except the eldest and the two youngest, the purpose of Mr. Throgmortou being to give them a good educa- tion. This honored gentleman built his present fine, large, two-story frame house in 1890; it 344 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. is 36x38 feet in size, has eight rooms, and is one of tlie best and most modern farmhouses in this county. Mr. Throgmorton is a Republican in [xil- itics, and a highly-respected citizen Of Johnson County, whose acquaintances regard him with much favor because of his sterling qualities and genial social nature. *^^[ mm.^: l^^m- ^=^E()RGE W. .SMITH has made his own way (Ij (=■ in the world since his eighth year, and, con- ^^1 sidering the disadvantages in his pathway- from that tender age onward, he has certainly made a marked success of his life. Me owns a well- improved farm on section 9, township 11, range 7, Pope County, and is also the owner of a fine large store, 20x38 feet in dimensions, located at Grand Pier Park, where he is doing a good busi- ness in general merchandise, and carrj'ing a well- selected stock, amounting at the present time to about $3,000. On his farm he has erected a com- modious and pleasant farm residence, and has im- proved it in various ways. The subject of this sketch was born in ISaline County, 111., in 1856, his father, William W. Smith, having been a native of the same county. The latter was a prosperous farmer, and mai'ried near his birthplace Miss Susan A. Marshall, who became the mother of our subject. She was called from this life in 1864, when George W. was a lad of eight years, and six years later the father also de- parted this life, at the age of forty-four years. He left four children: Mary E., widow of Jolin C. Williams; William ,J., a farmer of Saline County; George W., our subject; and Nancy J., wife of William Seets, of Saline County. For a number of years Mr. Smith of this sketch worked out by the month or year, receiving in return for his la- bor at first onl3' his board, and for many years he never received more than $18 per month. Being brought up as a farmer lad it was very natural that on arriving at man's estate he should con- tinue in the same occupation, and until 1885 he gave his entire time to agricultural pursuits. In that year he first embarked in merchandising, and ill this line of business he has been quite succes.s- ful, having trade from the adjoining townships. Mr. Smith was married May 26, 1881, to Louisa A. Ortmaun, a native of Saline County', where tlieir marriage was celebrated. She is the daugli- ter of Theodore and Dora (Feller) Ortinann, who were both natives of Gerrnanj% but were married in Saline County in 1858. The former emigrated from the Fatherland in 1851, and on his arrival in New York City was almost entirely without means. He was unable to speak a w^ord of English, Ijul liad a good German education and was happily possessed of industrious and persevering qualities, by which means he was enabled to rise in the world. In his native land he had learned the blacksmith trade and the manufacturing of fine tools. For three years he worked in New York making den- tal implements, and then went to Chicago, where he worked in a machine shop. In 1856 he pur- chased an interest in a sawmill in Wisconsin, at Foundry Lake, where, however, he remained but a short time, later removing to Saline County, and locating on a farm. During the war, as there was great demand for such work as he could turn out, he went into a foundry at Evansville Ind., where he obtained $18 per week for his services, and there remained in business for two j'ears. In 1864 he returned to his farm of two hundred and thirty acres, which he engaged iu cultivating until the spring of 1892. He then removed to his present home with our subject, and has since been engaged in merchandising with him. Mr. Ortmann was born in 1816, his father being Charles Ortmann, an artificer in brass, who was a man of considerable wealth and the owner of a brass foundry. He died in 1831, at the age of fifty-two years, leaving a widow, whose maiden name was Caroline Dc Teet. She survived him ten years, dying at the age of sixty. They had four sons and two daugh- ters, all of whom are now deceased but Theodore Ortmann. The five children of the latter, one son and four daughters, are well-known cilizenst)f Sa- line County. Soon after his marriage Mr. Smith and his young wife commenced life together on a rented farm in PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 347 a very humble way, but so industrious and care- ful were they, that by their united efforts at the end t)f a year the3' became possessed of forty acres (if land in Saline County, which our subject con- tinued to cultivate until the year 1885, when lie sold it for a oroodly sum and rented a small store and cabin near his present location. He soon afterward erected his present commodious dwell- ing, and, buying a-half acre of ground, built a store also. In 1888 he established a post-office, which was later removed to Herod Springs. In view of the obstacles he has met all along his path- way, Mr. Smith has been quite successful as an agriculturist and business man, and well merits the high resepct in which he is held in this neigh- ImjiIkkkI. In [xiliiio iie is a Democrat. e^H^^ ANIEL TURXEH, hotel-keeper at Parker ]Jj City, 111., was born in New York Cit}- in 1823. His father, Amaziah Turner, whose "^ ancestors were among the first settlers from Holland on Manhattan Island, was a native of New York, born near Peekskill in 1804. The mother of Daniel Turner was Mary Ann Rossiter, of New York City, and a daughter of Timothy Rossiter and a Miss Schermerhorn, of Dutch na- tivity. The father of Daniel was a farmer on the Hudson, and was married in New YorkCit}', where he engaged in the grocery trade. He served on the police force for some j-ears, and being a tem- perate man was for some years one of the emer- gency men. In the spring of 183() he removed to Ohio, by steamer to Albany, bj' canal to Buffalo, and then by steamer to Toledo. He settled in Lucas Count}' on wild Government land, making a permanent home on one hundred and twenty acres, which he cleared up and converted into a good farm. The playmates of Daniel were the little Indian boys, there being at that time but three white families witliin nine nnles, and the nearest store and mill were twenty miles away, at Adrian, Mich. The parents of Daniel lived there 18 until their death, the mother dying in 1853, about fifty years of age, and the father some 3'ears later, at the age of seventy' -seven years. Thej' left a family of six children, of whom our subject is now the only living son. His l)rolher fieorge died there at thirty years of age. From the age of twelve to that of twenty-one 3'ears of age Daniel Turner was brought up at home on the farm, ;md at the age of twenty-two was married to Emeline Thorp, of Cherry Valley, N. Y., whose father was one of the early settlers in Ohio, going there some ten years after the Tur- ners. Mrs. Turner died in early years of consuni])- lion, and her only child died soon afterward. Our subject was a regularly enlisted soldier in the car- penter corps, and was in the service one year, from 1862 to 1863. He went from Parrysburgh. Wood County, Ohio, where he served a regular apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade, at which he has since worked most of Ins life. He was married the second time, to Parraelia Plummer, in 184:7, near Little Falls, N. Y., while there on a visit, and brought his bride to Ohio. She lived ten years and bore him five children, three boys and two girls, of whom one of the former and two of the latter are still living, namel}-: Philemon, Eliza and Luc3'. Philemon has been a railroad man at Port Clinton on the Lake Shore A Michigan South- ern Railroad for the past two years. He served in the War of the Rebellion during the entire strug- gle, and came out as Orderh- to his Colonel in the cavalry. Eliza is the wife of Ror}' Moahler, of Ohio, and Lucy is the wife of David Ensminger, of Ohio. The mother of thesechildren died in 1857, at the age of thirt}- j'ears. Some time after Jlr. Turner was married to Mrs. Martha Earls, nee Pike, of Dinwiddle Count3', Va. The}- were mar- ried in Cheatham Count3', Tenn., in 1870. They have had two children, one of whom, a daughter, is deceased, and the son, Louis F., is now a 3'oung man of twenty-one years of age. He has recentl}- married Miss Mary Akin, of Nashville, III. Our subject went from Ohio to Missouri in 1867, and from that State he came to Illinois in 1872. He worked at the trade of a carpenter most of the time he lived in Missouri, living in Dutchtown, Cape Girardeau Count}-. He has lived at Tunnel .•!t8 POKIl.'AI r AM) lUOflRAPHICAL REVIEW. Hill eighteen 3'e:u-s. and (luring that time has heen engaged in farming, hotel-keeping and building. He huill a (larl of his large hotel in the fall of |H!)(), and on Novemlter 5, that ^ear, the anniver- sary of his birth, he gave a house-warming and a line dinner as an opening, Ills house is 32x64 feet in size, is two full stories in height, and has twenty-foot posts. This house is at the junction of two railroads, called Parker City, where he feeds many hungry travelers, serving two dinners every day in the year. He has a wide reputation as a (irst-class landlord, and has built up a good trade. Mr. Turner is a loyal Republican in polities. While he has never been in robust healtli, he has held his own remarkably well, considering the var- ied career he has experienced, lie spent three win- ters in Florida for the benelit of his health, and recently sold his hotel at Tunnel Hill and removed to this township. In religious affairs our subject is an active mem- ber of the Christian Church of New Burnside, to which he contributes liberallj', and exerts his in- lUience. He has attained his success in life by his own industry, and great credit is due him for his perseverance, economy and thrift, as well as his good management. Ii-^i"i^il^#i^ RS. SARAH E. STANSBERRY, wife of C. W. Stansberry, is a daughter of George W. Gossage, who was born in Caswell County, X. C. near the Virginia line, December 26, IS 12. Her grandfather, William Gossage, was born in 1773, and probably in Maryland, where he followed the occupation of a farmer, which his father pursued before him. The latter, who was defrauded of a large fortune in England to which he was the rightful heir, was also a silk weaver by tr.ide, and came from England and settled in Maryland. When he was a boy of fifteen he was present at the crowning of (ieorge III. His first wife died in Maryland, leaving four sons and one daughter, after which he removed to North Caro- lina, where he was again married. He died in Cas- well Count}', N. C, in his ninety-seventh year. When ninety-six years old he walked two miles to church, and also did some plowing, working in this way up to within two weeks of his death. His funeral sermon was a very able and remark- able one, from the text, "Man dieth and wasteth away; yea, a man giveth up the ghost and where is he?" This sermon was preached by a Baptist preacher who was born blind. Mr. Stansberry left four children, three sons and one daughter, of whom William Gossage was the second child and son in order of birth. He married Mary Fergu- son of South Carolina, and in 1820 they removed to East Tennessee, where both died near Knox- ville on a farm, and left four sons and live daugh- ters, of whom George W. Gossage, the father of Mrs. Stansberry, was the third child and second son. The sons were: James Patton, George W., William and Andrew Jackson; and the daughters: Nancy, Betsy, Peggy, Mary and Sally. All have died except George W., the father of ]\Irs. Stans- berry, and his sister Mary, widow of John Chilton, residing on her farm in Jefferson County, and in her seventy-sixth year. The father of our subject was married in 1832, to Nancy Hart, of Bedford Count}', Tenn., where thej' lived until 1854, iu October of which year they removed to Illinois with their own teams and covered wagons in regular emigrant style, bring- ing with them their eleven children. They had in all thirteen children, two of -whom were born in Illinois. Thej- buried their seventh son when an infant, and also their son James W., who died in La Grange, Tenn, in 1863. He was a volunteer in the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, served two years, and died of disease at the age of thirty-one years, leav- ing a family. Mary A., wife of John H. Hester, died in Saline County, 111., in 1869, leaving a large family. Fanny M., wife of Isaac M. Robert- son, died in Johnson County, 111., in 1888, aged forty-two years, leaving seven children. The liv- ing children are as follows: Mrs. Sarah E. Stans- berry; William D., a farmer of Pope Count}', who has by two wives ten children; H. I., a farmer of Pope County, and also a preacher, the head of a large family; Thomas D., a farmer of Missouri, with POUTUAIT AND lUUGRAl'IUCAL REVIEW. 349 a family of seven children; Mahulda C, wife of J. W. Hancock, wlio is the nioliier of sixteen children; Nanc\', the widow of William Williams, witli a family of live children; George W., Jr., a farmer of the sanu'coiinty, with a familj- of seven children ; Andrew J., who has a wife but no children; and Virginia, wife of Asa Owen, who has nine children. The mother of these children died at the home of her son, Henry L., July 4, 1890, aged sevent}'- four years. The father, who is still living, vigor- ous in body and mind, at the age of eighty is the grandfather of ninety-six children, and the great- grandfather of tiftj'-one. His activity is remark- able, he being able now to jump up and strike his heels together twice before again coming down on the floor. Two of his sons, Henry L. and Thom.is I)., were in the service of the United States during the AVar of the Rebellion. Mrs. Stansberry resides in Cobden, where her husband is Cit}- Marshal. Her son, George W. Stansberry, is the agent of the Adams Express Company' at Rock Island and Po- lice Magistrate. Her second son, S. Finley, is a printer in Cobden, and is married. Her daughter Nannie is the wife of Henry Bahr, and her daugh- ter Emma is the wife of Thomas O. Milton. Our subject is a lady possessing an amiable and social disposition, and i< liked by all who know her. I l>^^<^^-<' I IftlLLIAM G. WHITE, M. D., a practicing \^// i""' eminent physician of Elvira Town- V^^ ship, was born in Brcckenridge County, Ivy., May 21, 1853, His father, Jacob S. White, M. D., was born in Columbiana Count}-, Ohio, and his father was born In Scotland. Emigrating to the Fnited .States, he settled in Columbiana County, Ohio, purchased a farm and spent the rest of his days there. He was the only member of his family that ever came to the United States. Jacob S. White left the parental roof at the age of four- teen, and ever afterward cared for himself. He at first went to Louisiana, and was engaged at various kinds of work there. He was very industrious and made the best of his oppor- tunities to acquire property and knowledge, and early in life turned his attention to the study of medicine. He was graduated from the Jeffer- son Medical College at Philadelphia, and was al- most immediately appointed surgeon on one of the steamers plying in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1850 he resigned and went to Breckenridge Countj-, Ky., and practiced his profession there until 1857, i when he removed to Kokomo, Ind.,and was in ac- tive practice until the breaking out of the war. When war was declared, the father of our subject was appointed surgeon of tiie Thirty- fourth Regiment of Indiana Infantry, in which position he served until failing health compelled him to resign. He found, however, that his health was permanently broken, and his death occurred October 17, 1865. The maiden name of his wife was Elizabeth A. Grant, a native of Breckenridge County, Ky., and a daughter of Daniel Grant, of Virginian ancestry. Her mother was Adeline Barger, who was born near Spottsylvania Court House, Va., where some of her relatives still live. Dr. William G. White was twelve years old when his father died, and he was reared by his ma- tenial grandparents until he was sixteen years old, in the meantime learning the trade of a wood en- graver. At the age of seventeen years he began clerking in a drug store, and continued thus en- gaged five 3'ears, in which time he turned his at- tention to the stud}' of medicine, and in March, 1882, was graduated from the Indiana Medical College, and immediatel}- located in Jonesborough, 111., and engaged in the pr.ictice of his profession there until 1885, when he was severel}' injured by being thrown from a carriage, and was consequently compelled to abandon his practice. He went to Indianapolis and remained there until sullicientl}- recovered to resume his professional labors, and then went to King's Mills, Ohio, where he was em- ployed as physician by the Great Western Powder Company, remaining in their employ two 3'ears. He then located at Buncombe, Johnson Connty, where he at once entered upon a very successful practice. In February, 1870, he was married to Flora Bossaman, a native of Indiana, and a daugh- ter of Adam and Saionie Bossaman. Dr. White and 350 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. liis wife are tlie parents of four children, viz: Addie Z., (;ui.tavia, Nellie S. and William S. Mrs. White is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the Doctor is a member of the Southern Ijodge I. (). (). 1'.. of .lonesboro, also of the Knights of I'ylliias. Not only has he proved of great benefit to this community in the alleviation of suffering, but he also worthili' does his part in the advance- ment of local affairs, and is numbered among the substantial citizens, ever ready to aid in all good work and meritorious enterprises. 3.i..j..{..}.'^;^'^.{.^..5.F l' OllN (^ A. Li:i)BETTKR is a son of .lames A. Ledbetter, a native of Christian County, Ky., and now makes his home in Elizabeth- '' town. Hardin County. .lames A. Ledbetter was born in 1827, and though he had but little education in school, yet be was a man of accurate observation, and by contact with the world has ac- (luired a good practical education. He was brought up on a farm, and also learned the car- penter trade. He removed to Hardin County in 1843, where he followed farming and carpentering until 1847, when he removed to Desha County, Ark. Remaining there until the spring of 1850, he returned to Illinois and bought forty acres of land in Hardin County, to which he devoted his time, cultivating and. improving it until 1856, when he removed to Elizabethtown, 111., and fol- lowed his trade as carpenter. He now lives at Cave in Rock, ten miles from Elizabethtown, with his wife, to whom he was married in 1845 and who bore the maiden name of Mary Scoggins. She was a native of Hardin County, and became the mother of eight children, five of whom still sur- vive, and who are in comfortable circumstances. John Q. A. Ledbetter, the subject of this sketch, was born December 23, 1849, in Desha County, Ark., where his early days were spent on the farm, but in 1856 he engaged with his father on a trad- in<^ boat, plying up and down the Ohio and Miss- issippi Rivers. His early education was obtained in the country schools, but he afterward attended school two years at Evansville, Ind., and gradu- ated from the public .school of that [)lace, after which he began the study of law in 1871. He wa.s admitted to the liar in 1872 and ever since he has succe.ssfully followed the practice of the profession. He was elected County Judge in 1873, and served in that capacity four years, giving the best of sat- isfaction to his constituents. In 1880 he was elected State's Attorney and served in that office eight years, and also held the office of Master in Chancery at one time. By close attention to his duties he has accumulated quite a snug little for- tune, and is one of the wealthiest citizens of the county. He was first married August 8, 1875, to Artiraissa Steele, who died on the 9th of August, 1882, leaving two children, Gracie and Oakly A. His second marriage, which occurred on the 5th of February, 1884, united him with Miss G. Ledbetter, of Kentucky, by whom he has two chil- dren. Wily A. and Dossett E. Politically Mr. Led- better is a Democrat, taking an active part in the conduct of the campaigns of the party. He is a Mason and belongs to Lodge No. 276, at Eliza- bethtown and is also a member of Empire Lodge No. 54, I. O. O. F., as well as a member of the Ma- sonic Chapter at Metropolis. AVhile he is not a member of an}' church, he is an earnest worker in the interest of the Christian denomination, to which he contributes liberally. ^ ^ ^ OHN HENRY MOSELY, a prominent and I prosperous farmer of LTnion Township, Pope County, was. born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1832. His father, Asa Mosely, was born in North Carolina in 1800. His father bore the name of Drewry Mosely, and was also of North Carolina, and a farmer, as was his son Asa. Drewry Mosely married Millie Burnett, also of North Carolina. They removed to Smith County, Tenn., with their family about 1819, living there some years, and then followed their sons to 111- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, 351 iuois in the fall of 1821. Asa Mosel^' came to this State a \'oiing man, but later returned to Tenuessee for his betrothed. Miss Frances Ligou, formerly of ^'irginia, and a daugliter of AVilliam Ligou, of the vicinity of Rioliniond. Asa Mosely and his wife came to Illinois in 1840 from Owen County, K}'., to which county they had removed from Tennessee some six j-eai-s before. They brought with them a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters, one of whom was born to the second wife. Our subject's grand- father, Drewr}' Mosel}', removed to Illinois in true emigrant style, with bis ox-teams and wagons, and though he had but limited means, he settled on Government land in AVilliamson Countj', where lie lived the rest of his life, dying in the year 1847 at the age of eighty-eight j-ears. His widow survived him ten years and died at an ad- vanced age, leaving seven children, viz: Daniel, who was born in 1790, and who participated in the battle of New Orleans under Gen. Jackson, and died in Metropolis at the age of eighty years, leaving a large estate to a large family'; Joseph, who died in Williamson County at the age of eight}--four; Asa, father of our subject, who died on his farm in the year 1857; Ket- urah, wife of John Jones, who died in Washing- ton County, 111., at the age of seventy j'ears, leav- ing a large family; John, who died on his farm when he was seventy-eight years of age; Sallj', wife of Thomas Fisher, and who died in Washing- ton County, 111., at the age of nearl}' sevent}' years, leaving a family of children; and Allen, who died on his farm near (ioreville about 1864, in middle life, leaving a wife and children. The wife of Asa Mosely died on the old farm in Will- iamson County in 1877, aged scvent3--seven years. John Henry Mosely was reared at home until he was eighteen year's old, when he went to Tenn- essee to assist in removing the family of his uncle, Joseph Ligou, to Illinois. Two 3'ears later, he went to Owen County, Ky., where he remained for a short time, and in his twenty-first year he went to Madison County-, 111., where he was en- gaged as a teamster. At the age of twent3'-lhrce he was married, January 16, 1855, to Miss Eliza Pittman, of Graves County-, Ky., a daughter of William and Margaret (Parks) Pittman, who came to Illinois in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Mosely settled on a farm of forty acres near C'ral> Orchard. They made several moves and at length, on September 18, 1861, lie was mustered into service of the Un- ited States, as a member of Company C, Thirty- first Illinois Infantry, and served three vears, with the exception of three furloughs of thirty days each. He was in the ranks all tlie time and ready for duty, except for a few days necessarily spent in the hospital on account of a wound received in the face during the engagement before Atlanta. He was also bruised in the breast by the fragments of a shell at the Bull Pen in front of Yicksburg. He participated in the battle of Belmont, at F't. Donelson (where the regiment lost one hundred and sixty men), was at the second battle of Corinth, at Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Ciiam- pion Hills, and numerous other battles and skir- mishes. He took a part in a charge at Mcksbur"- which proved a failure, and was there throughout the siege, and was, he thinks, in the first regiment that entered the cit^- after the surrender, and was certainly in the first brigade that entered. Mr. Mosely has lived principally in Pope County since the war, moving on his present farm of one hundred and twenty acres in 1888. One of his children died while he was in the army at the front, in March, 1862. He has three children living by his first wife, viz: Green T., a farmer of Union County, Ky., who has a wife and family; Angeline, wife of Frank MuUinx, of Union County, Ky., who has a family of children; and Jennie II., wife of John Darnell, who resides in Ozark, and who has three children. :Mr. Mosely by his second wife has one son, Henry, in Ballard County, who has a wife and three children. Mr. Mosely buried his first wife October 26, 1865, when she was but twenty-eight years of age. He was married in Feb- ruary, 1866, to Elizabeth Cobeth Caldwell, a sister of J. C. Caldwell. Mr. Mosely votes as he fought, with the Republican party, and is a member of the Baptist Church. He is now living with his third wife, who was a Miss Pha'be Austin. Our subject's brother, George Mosely. was also in the army, in the retreat of Sliiloh. At one time in Mr. Mosely 's experience in the arm^', when 352 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. crossing a river on a pontoon bridge, Kit Harri- son stepped oflf the l)ridge and but for the prompt action of Mr. Mosoly and Albert Hendrickson, would have found a watery grave. Senator Morris, who was in tiie same companj' with Mr. Mosely, says that in the heat of the figlit at Orchard Knob, when the rebels were shooting their cannister at them in a very careless manner, he called out to the boys "to shoot those battery fellows." ^.^|<^^^ yASIIINGTON C;.TII01MAS was burn April 8,1822, in Sumner County, Tenn., and is 'J^ now a well-known resident of Simpson Township, Johnson County. He is a son of Henry and Sarah (Mungle) Thomas, both of whom were natives of Tennessee. Henry Thomas reared his family in Tennessee, and afterward bought land in Kentucky, following farming very successfullj' there for twelve years. He then sold out and went to Missouri, and purchased another tract, on which they remained two years, after which time he emigrated to Illinois, in 1839. He crossed the Missouri at Richmond and the Mississippi at St. Louis, the entire journey being made bj^ wagon and requiring about three weeks. They, like all overland travelers of those days, camped and cooked by the way. Elis father took up Govern- ment land in Burnside Township, but remained there only a short time, and then sold out and bought in Simpson Township. He soon afterward disposed of this farm and purchased other land in the same township, which he also finally sold, lo- cating in Burnside Township, and he here passed his last days. Washington G. Thomas remained at home until he was twenty-three j'ears of age, when he married and entered land in Simpson Township, on section :i. He however sold this in a very short time and bought land on section 9, where he still resides. He at one time owned two hundred acres, but has since divided witli his children, and now owns only one hundred acres. His early education was olitained in Kentucky, where he attended school fifteen months. This was conducted on the sub- scription plan, in a sclioolhouse which was of the same stjie of architecture so frequenll}- described and referred to in these pages, with puncheon llof)r and seats without backs or desks. Our subject was married to Mary Simpson, .Jan- uary 22, 1846. She was born in .Johnson County, May 9, 1827, and is the daughter of William Simp- son, a native of Kentucky. Washington (i. Thomas and wife have the following children: William H., Josephus B., C3'nthia, Melinda, John L., Marj- and Robert. He alvva3's votes the Hei)ublican ticket, and is a member of the church of the I^atter- Daj- .Saints. Mr. Thomas is a gentleman in every respect, industrious, and honest to a fault, and has many warm friends in this communitv. \t AMES W. RANDOLPH. Among the prom- inent and successful farmers of Polk County is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, who is a native of Middle Tennessee and is now located in township 11, range 6. He was born October 12, 1845, to R. M. Randolph, who was also a native of Tennessee and married I^orinda Skurlock, of the same place. They removed from Tennessee to Polk County' in 1846, when the subject of this sketch was but an infant, and soon after- ward returned to Tennessee. Remaining there a short time, they emigrated to Illinois in 1847, where they settled down as squatters on the farm which the}' now occupy. AVithin a few j'ears' time they bought two hundred and fortj' acres, part of which was school land, and for which they received a deed under the Bitt Act. The paternal grandfather of our subject was John Randolph, who died in Pope County about 1847, in middle life, leaving a widow and eight chil- dren. The former died in 1884, at the age of eighty-two years, and there are now living but four of the family, viz: R. M., the father of our PORTRAIT ANIJ RIOGRAl'UK Al, RK\ IKW 353 subject, who is hale and heart}', though seventy years of age; N. E., a farmer in township 12, range 6, Golconda Precinct; C'atiierine, widow of the late James Robbs, living in this neighborliood; and F. M., a farmer and preacher in this section. James W. Randolph is the eldest of eight chil- dren, four sons and four daughters, viz.: James W.; Henry E., who died in Februar}^, 1865, in his eighteenth year; Jasper N., who died when about twelve; Mary J., wife of E. C. IloUoway, who died in 1882, at about twent3'-five years of age; Sarali, wife of Jesse R. Morgan, of Missouri; Martha A., wife of Ur. .s. F. Hart, of Eddy ville, 111.; Nancy, wife of J. G. Hudson, a farmer and now a student of the Medical College at Louisville, K}-.; and David W., a resident of Paducah, Ky. The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life at home and received a common-school edu- cation. He was married when nineteen years old, October 10, 1864, to Miss Rebecca Morgan, daugh- ter of Gabriel Morgan, of Tennessee, who bore him one son, Charles M., now a farmer of Pope County, who had a wife and two daughters, one of whom died August 15, 1866, aged nineteen and a-quarter years. Charles Randolph was again married, this time to Nancy Ann Hall, of Georgia, a daughter of Sebron Hall, the wedding taking place September 29, 1867. Mrs. liandolph died January 26, 1880, leaving six children, five sons, and a daughter, Martha Ann bj' name, who died when she was but little more than five years of age. The sons are William A., a farmer near bj', who has a wife and one son; J.isper D. and John N.; Samuel T. and George W., the latter living with his grandfather Randolph. Our subject was married to his present wife, September 23, 1880, who was Louise E. Gul- lett, daughter of Samuel Gullett, and a native of Pope County. To this union were born five chil- dren, viz: Henry H., who died in iufanc\'; Robert M., nine years old; Jacob, seven years of age; Maud, four; and Hiram, an infant. Mr. Randolph has about two hundred and forty acres of laud, of which eighty are under cultivation. He carries on diversified farming, but raises corn and wheat as his principal crops. He works horses and mules and keeps cattle, sheep and hogs, some of which he places on the. market. He is now serving. his third war a- Township Treasurer, has been Constable for eight years, and superintended the Poor Farm in 1870. Socially, he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, a Dem- ocrat in politics, and isnota member of any church. ' ' ^al J.'OSHL'A S. COPLAND. Among the hon- ored early settlers of Ma.ssac Count}- no one is more entitled to a place in its history than he of whom we write. He deserves also special credit from the fact that starting out in life a poor boy, with only $5 as his stock in trade, he has surmounted all the great difficulties in his pathway, being energetic and industrious, and not easil}' discouraged. Beginning the pur- suit of agriculture on a most humble scale, he has risen step b}' step until he now owns a valuable farm of four hundred acres, winch is one of the best in the county. At one time he was the pos- sessor of over one thousand acres, but sold off a portion, as it was much more than he needed or de- sired. His farm is located on section 31, town- ship 14, ranges, and upon the place are good and substantial buildings, with a commodious two- stor}' house, pleasant!}' located on a slight eleva- tion of ground. John Copland, our subject's father, was born in Virginia, September 30, 1775, and lived in his native State until arriving at man's estate. Then he removed to Tennessee, where he engaged in farming, and married Miss Sarah Short, who was born on Christmas Da}', 1778, and was reared to womanhood in Tennessee. In the fall of 1816, before Illinois had been admitted to the sisterhood of States, Mr. Copland emigrated to Johnson County with his family. The journey was made in wagons, and with him came six colored slaves, a man and wife, with their four children, which were his property. Mr. Copland believed Illinois would be a slave Stale and having been brought uj) in old ^'irginia, he was deeply imbued with the belief that slavery 354 PORTRAIT^AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. was perfectly right. Coiiseriuently, after becoming a resident of Illinois, he was one of the most act- ive advocates of slavery in the State. He was nominated to the Constitutional Convention, but was defeated by a few votes. On his arrival m the State, he located on Government land in the midst of the wilderness. At that time there were no schools, churches, or even mills, in this portion of the country, and indeed only now and then, at long distances apart, could be found the humble cabins of farmers. In order to grind their corn, they used the old stump method, the end of a log being burned out to make a sort of mortar, using a pestle on a springpole to pound out the meal by hand. The Indians were still very numerous in this portion of the State, not having yet departed for their Western reservation. Wolves, panthers and bears, as well as deer, turkeys and small game, roamed the country at will, adding to its desola- tion and wildness. Mr. Copland, Sr., was in favor of education and helped to build one of the first log schoolhouses in the neighborhood, which was carried on under the subscription plan and for some time was taught by him. He improved the farm where he had originally located, making that his place of resi- dence until the fall of 1833, when he removed to a farm three miles southwest of where Vienna now stands. After some years he sold the place to a Mr. Plummer, of Ohio, and with that money purchased some land near the river, in what is now Massac County, a tract consisting of eighty acres, which had been partially improved, but by long neglect everything had run down almost to its primeval condition. He replaced the small shanty with a well-built hewed-log house, which was substantial and comfortable. He brought the farm under good cultivation and there resided until called to his eternal home, .January 2, IS.'iS. His devoted wife and companion had died four years previ- ously, on June 24. The old homestead has since been sold outside of the family, but the graves of the father and mother are in a quiet nook on the farm, and to that peaceful spot the memory of their descendants often fondly returns. Our subject is the only surviving member of a family of ten children, the record of whom is as follows: James, a prominent man, and at one time a member of the Legislature; Sarah, who was the wife of John L. Cooper, also deceased; .Samuel, who was a farmer in Johnson County and a prom- inent man, having been Sheriff for twelve years, Clerk of the Circuit Court, and at the lime of his death. Probate Judge; William, who died in Louis- iana, while on a trip down the Mississijipi River; John, who followed agricultural pursuits in Pulaski County; Joshua, our subject, the next in order of birth; Isaac, who was a farmer of this county; Jane, the wife of J. R ^laybry, who is also deceased; Alfred, who was a well-known farmer of this county; and Louisa, the wife of William J. Simp- son, both deceased. Our subject was born in Sumner County, Tenn., on the 27th of November, 1812. His boyhood was passed on his father's farm, where from earl^^ 3'ears he was accustomed to work with energy; as it was his nature to be industrious. As his father owned slaves he was not required to work, but nevertheless he often went into the field and worked along with them. He wasonlj' four years old when his parents came to the Territory of Illi- nois, therefore he is now the oldest living settler in the county, and of the large family which gath- ered around the family hearthstone he is the only remaining one. His opportunities for an educa- tion were extremely limited, as the country was new and the demand for schools not great, on account of the few settlers in this locality. He studied in an old subscription log schoolhouse, but as he was naturally very intelligent, he made up for the lack of early opportunities later in life, and secured a fair practical knowledge which has served him in good stead. When reaching his majority Mr. Copland was united in marriage with Elizabeth Axle3% whose parents were among the earl3' settlers of the coun- tiy, her grandfather having landed with a few hardy pioneers in Illinois in 1810, having made the trip on a flatboat. Mrs. Copland died in Oc- tober, 1855, and in the following year our subject was again married, Miss Caroline D. Evers becom- ing his wife on June 26. The lady was born in Graves County, Ky., and came to Massac Countj' about 1856. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIIICAJ. RE\1KW. 355 Soon after his firet marriage, Mr. Copland lo- cated on tlie farm where he has since resided, first pureliasing a tract of forty acres, which had upon it an inferior log iiouse, 16x16. There the\- com- menced housekeeping, and reared tiieir family of eleven children, giving them as good advantages as were possible in those early da3s. With the exception of a son and daughter, the children have long since been called to their final rest. Those deceased are James Franklin, Robert Van Buren, Samuel, John S., Simeon, Melissa, William R., Joshua Allen and Isaac W. Mary Jane is the wife of ilr. Parker and is now living in Vienna, while her brother Lawrence resides in Metropolis. For a great many years, Mr. Copland has been identified with the Jlethodist Episcopal Church, to which his wife also belongs. Fraternally, he is a Royal Arch Mason, and in regard to politics, fa- voi-s the Democr:iC3'. He is a friend to education, and is held in the highest regard by the raanj' friends he has gathered around him during the long years he has p.assed in this communitj-. B}' liis present wife, Mr. Copland became the fa- ther of eight children, of whom the record is as follows: David L., deceased; Louisa E., wife of Thomas Starks, living in this county; Ella Jose- phine, now Mrs. William Douglass, of this county; Mattie Lenora, widow of J. W. McNana; Mag- gie, twin sister of the former, wife of William Clark, of Fresno County, Cal.; Charles McPherson, who is now at home; Cynthia Allen, Mrs. James Milton Barnett; and Sallie Short, wife of Jesse Hawkins, a well-known farmer of this county. §)IRGINIUS FRAYSER, of Cave in Rock, 111., is a son of P. C. Frayser, a native of Virginia, and who was of Scotch ancestry. P. C. Fr.ayser was reared in Richmond, \'a., and was educated for the law, but not liking the pro- fession he never entered upon its practice. Early iu life he removed to Kentucky, settled at Cadiz, Ti-igg County, and began speculating in cattle. He came to Illinois in 1852, crossing the Ohio River on the ice. He settled in Hardin County, and devoted several years of his life to preach- ing the doctrines of the Christian Church, being engaged in this work at the time of his death, which took place December 13, 1862. He was married to Ilepsy 8. Wilburn, a daughter of Rich- ard Wilburn, of Georgia. To this marriage there were born eleven children, viz: Alexander, de- ceased; Catherine S., wife of M. L. Shelby; Phil- emon, deceased; Elvira, wife of Richard Shelby, of Kentucky; Elizabeth, deceased; R. C, D. F. and Henry C, all in business at Cave in Rock; Horace, deceased; Virginius; and Mary D., wife of James M. Carr. Virginius Frayser was born in Kentucky Feb- ruary 24, 1847, and was brought up on the home- stead, receiving a good education in the country schools. His father died while he was ver^y younf, and he in connection with his brothers began the battle of life in earnest. Thej- were at the time living on rented land, but soon bought a good farm, which the^' cultivated together for several years, .and in 1866 tiiey sold this farm (Virginius giving his part of the proceeds to his mother), and engaged in speculating and in the insurance busi- ness at Cave in Rock. Virginius is now serving his second term as Justice of the Peace in his dis- trict, and while a great many cases have been tried in his court, yet on[y one has ever been appealed, and in that case his decision w.as sustained b^- the Superior Court. During his service as Justice of the Peace he has united in marriage about forty couples, and claims to have discovered the secret of tying the matrimonial noose in such a way that it will not slip undone. He was married March 26, 1867, to Ellen D. Mitchell, daughter of John Mitchell, of Ireland, who came to the I'nited States in 18.31, and died August 28, 1892. John was a brother to James Mitchell, who served .is private secretary to President Lincoln. To his marriage with Miss Mitchell there have been born five chil- dren, viz: John S., James L., Charles H., Robert M. and Nirginia Ross. Mr. Frayser li.as been very successful as a business man, and is a member of Cave in Rock Lodge No. 444, A. F. it A. JI., and 356 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. is also a Kiiiglit of Honor. A man of cloar judg- ment, keon observation and wide experience, the combination of tiiese and otlier superior ([ualities eminently (its him for any position of honor to wliicli his fellow-citizfiis may call him. 'ji^^KANK \. GRK(;OHY, Superintendent of 1=^ the wheel department of the .spoke factory Jl, of Yost, Bigelow & Co., at Metropolis, Mas- sac County, is a son of Nehemiah Gregory, a na- tive of Ohio, who was a man of excellent educa- tion and was brought up to the business of bank- ing in Cincinnati. He afterward removed to In- diana and engaged in the confectionery business at Logausport, where he died August 30, 1880. He was a successful business man and enjoyed the respect and esteem of all. He was twice mar- ried, first to Kate Miner, by whom he had five children, viz: Louisa, wife of Dr. Ball, of San Fran- cisco, Cal.; Cynthia and Mollie, deceased; Nora, wife of Charles E. Bradwell, of Detroit, Mich., and Rich- ard. The mother of the.se children died in Ohio, and Mr. Gregory married Rachel L. Lambert, of Salem, N. J., who is still living. Frank A. Gregory is the only child born to the second wife of Nehemiah, and was born at Cheviot, Hamilton County, Ohio, August 22, 1865. He at- tended the public schools in his native State until he was thirteen years of age, and a portion of this time worked in a grocery store. Being apt at learning and quick to understand, he early acquired a fair education and considerable knowledge of business. He worked for a time at the wheel- wright trade, mastering the details of that trade while yet quite young. When he was fifteen years old his father died, and he soon afterward came to Illinois accompanied by his mother. They set- tled in Metropolis with but $15 in money as a start, but our subject soon engaged to work for Yost, Bigelow it Co. in their wheel department, and after a time rose to the head of this depart- ment, a position which he still retains, lie is now a skillful workman, and the fact of his being so long retained and of his being |)roni(jted to his present position shows that he is held in higli (■>!!- mation by the company. Our subject was married December 2(1, 1888, to Lillie Atwell, daughter of a prominent citizen of Massac County, whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. Mr. (iregor^- is a Dem- ocrat in politics and a member of the order of Odd Fellows, belonging to the Egyptian Encampment. Mrs. Gregory is a member of the General Baptist Church, and the mother of one child, Olive Anna. Mrs. Gregory is an agreeable and accomplished lady, and an excellent musician, as is also her hus- band, who is a performer on several musical instru- ments, and they are thus enabled to pass many a pleasant and pi-ofltable hour. Their home is a model of comfort and happiness, and both are highly respected by their neighbors and friends. ^^ ■jf AMES ALBERT VEATCII, one of the old- est of the native-born citizens of Johnson County now residing in the county, was born in Vienna Precinct January- 15, 1824. His father, Ishmael Veatch, was, it is thought, born in Maryland, and was the son of John and Nellie (Finks) Veatch. John Veatch, the grandfather of James Albert, was born in Scotland, and on com- ing to America settled in Maryland, thence went to Pope County, 111., and from Pope to Johnson County, settling on a tract of (Government land in Vienna Township. He did not enter the land, but held it as a claim for manj' years, residing there until his death, at the advanced age of eight^'-four years. His wife died in her eighty-fifth year. Ishmael Veatch learned the trade of a blacksmith, and did not come to Illinois with his parents, but came one j'ear later, in 1822. He was married in the fall of that year and settled on a tract of land in Vienna Township. Here he lived about two years and then selected a tract of Government land in Simpson Township, on which lie built a log house. PORTRAIT AMD BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 357 and began to improve a farm. He was a resident of that place from that time until his death, wiiicli occurred when he was eight_y-four 3-e.ai-s old. The maiden name of his wife was Parmelia Cliapnian. who was born in Ohio and was the daughter of Daniel and Lucretia Chapman. Daniel Chapman was born in Enjjland, and came to America at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, in which he served seven years in the interests of the Colonists. He came to Illinois about 1821 and located in what is now Simpson Township. His son Samuel entered the land included in the present site of the village of Bloomfleld,and secured the location of the count)' seat there; it did not remain there long, however, being later removed to A'ienna. Before its removal he had entered the land which is now included in that village. The first court house w.as a temporary structure built of poles. The grandfather of James Albert Veatch died ill Simpson Township in 1871. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Parmelia Chapman ; she died on the home farm in her sev- entieth year, after having reared eight of her eleven children, viz: Freeland, James A., Elmina, Lucinda, Melissa, Pleasant, Allen and Maria. Pleasant and Alien served in the war of the Rebel- lion, in which the latter was killed in the battle of Shiloh, and a biographical sketch of Pleasant ap- peal's elsewhere in this volume. James A. Veatch was reared in his native township, and as there were then no free schools he received but little education. The onlj' school he ever attended was taught on the sub- scription plan, in a log schoolhouse without any lloor and with an old-fashioned fireplace. There was no furniture in the house, but logs laid on the ground with split poles extending from one to an- other were used as benches. There were then no railroads and consequently no convenient markets, and the people lived principally off the products of their farms and on wild game. The mother of the family used to card, spin and weave cloth for the clothing for lierscif, her husband and children, and homespun clothes were the order of the da)', while the father tanned his own leather, which was made into heavy shoes for the children. Fanning was conducted on a very different plan from that now in vogue, and Mr. Veatch relates that at the time of his earliest recollection all the grain was cut with a reaping hook, and when cradles came ill they were considered a great invention. His father went to Kentucky and brought back a scythe, making the frame work of the cradle him- self. This was the first cradle ever used in John- son County. The subject of this sketcli became an expert in the use of the cradle, and for some years cradled all the grain in the neighborhood. He lived with his parents until his marriage and then settled in this count3% where he has since lived, in Simpson Township, and on the same farm where he now lives. This farm is located on sections 19 and 30, and contains two hundred and sixty-five acres of land, about one hundred and seventy of which are well improved and have good buildings thereon. Mr. Veatch was married in 1846, to Nancy Buchanan, who was born in Tennessee, and died in 1854. After his first wife's death, he was married to Laura Du Peister, who was also born in Tennessee, and who died in John- son County, III., in 1864. He was next mar- ried to Matilda (Stone) Barnwell, who bore him three children: Sarah JI., Francis M. and Jennie A. He has three children living by his first mar- riage, viz: Thomas J., James C. and George, and by the second union there are four children living: Martha, Mary A., Lucinda and Amanda. Mr. Veatch is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has been an active worker for several years. y;Ii>LIA.M of Pope ^ „ present l*;ILLIA.M C. MOVERS, a prominent farmer Pope County, who has resided on his farm since 1850, was born in Lin- coln County, Tenn., in 1826. His father, who bore the name of Peter, was born of German par- ents in Pennsylvania, and Peter Movers, the grandfather of William C, came from Germany with his bride, and settled in Pennsylvania. He PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. joined Washington's army, and it is believed served tiirougli the war. He was well educated in Germany, and after the close of the Revolutionary War settled in Virginia, near Woodstock, Shen- andoah County, subsequently removing to Ten- nessee to the home of their son, Peter, where they died at tlie ages of one hundred and five, and one hundred and one, respectively, within a few years of each- other. They had five sons, viz: John, Peter, Henry, Samuel and Jacob, who all removed to Tennessee, but John afterward returned to Virginia. Jacob died in California, and the rest all reared large families. Peter married in Nashville, Tenn., Elizabeth Conel, who it is believed came from Wales. She died when William C. was a small child, the youngest of her five children. Their names were Matilda, the wife of A. J. Smith, who died in middle life, leaving five chil- dren; Isaac II., who died in Hardin County, at seventy-seven years of age; Joel S., who died in Pope County, a young man of twenty-one years; John C, who died in 1859, on a Mississippi River steamer, aged thirty-six years; and William C. The father of these children died in Tennessee about 1836, when sixt3'-six years of age. William C. Moyers was left alone very young, and lived two years with Austin Smith, afterward six years with Samuel Bell, and on December 15, 1839, started on foot for Illinois, coming, how- ever, a part of the way by steamboat. He walked seventy-five miles to Nashville, and was fifteen days en route from Tennessee. His elder brothers and sisters had come to Illinois some j'ears before and had settled in the wilds of the country while it was new. He was married October 11, 1848, to Miss Martha Jane S. Barger, a daughter of Jacob S. Barger, who was born in Pope County in Octo- ber, 1828. Her parents, who were prosperous farmers, came to Illinois from Virginia as early as 1818, and had seven children. The father died July 23, 1861, at the age of sixty-six years, and his wife lived a widow twent^'-seven years, d3'ing in her eighty-third year. She reared seven chil- dren, of whom four are living, viz: Mrs. Moyers; Amanda, widovv of John Gulluck; Margaret widow of Stephen Morse; and Jacob, a farmer in Mon- roe Precinct, Pope County. Mr. and Mrs. Moyers have buried one infant son, and also a son, James W., in his thirteenth year. They have now seven children, viz: Isaac, a farmer of .Saline County, who has a wife and six children; John, a farmer of Saline County, who has nine children; N. Green, a farmer on the old homestead with four children; Stephen, a farmer on a part of the old farm, with two children; Priscilla, wife of Henry Fulgham, a farmer near by, who has five chil- dren; Amanda, wife of Harvey Jlorse, on the old farm with four children; :iud Mary Jane, a young lady at home. Mr. Moyers lias always been a Democrat in na- tional politics, but in local politics he is non-part- isan. He and his wife are at advanced ages, but still in fair health, and have practically' retired from hard work and are enjoying a well-earned and merited rest. Mr. Mo^'ers has been a good deal of a hunter and frontiersman, and when he came to this country deer and turkey's were as plentiful as rabbits are now. Black bears, wolves and wild cats were also very common, and their depredations among the poultry of the settlers were numerous and vexatious. He has alwaj-s carried on mixed farming, and is a man of much more than ordinar}- natural endowments, and had he been reared to letters instead of to labor, he would in all likelihood have been heard from in the world; but like many others his has been a life of patient toil. €i^^i^i^i^^i ^ MLLIAM H. WHITEAKEH, who has for \/\/// ^^^ 1'*** ''''''^ years lived on his eightj'-acre ^^^ farm, which is a part of section 8, town- ship 11, range 4, east, was born in Johnson County, January 29, 1839. His father. Hall Whiteaker, was born in southern Illinois in 1811, and was a son of Mark Whiteaker, one of the earliest pioneers of Illinois. He was a farmer, and came from South Carolina to Illinois, where he lived to an ad- vanced age, and died on the land he had taken up as a squatter. He left a family of four sons PORTRAIT AND BIOfTRAPHICAL REVIKW. 359 and one daughter, of whom Hall Whiteaker was the eldest. The mother of our subject was Al- vira Damron in her maidcu days, a native of Illi- nois, and a daughter of John and Anna Dannon, wlio «une to Illinois from North Carolina in a very early day, when this part of Illinois was a wild and wooded wilderness. They were well-to- do farmers for those times, and died on their own farm in Burnside Township, having arrived at a great age, especially Mre. Damron, who died in 1850, an octogenarian. There was a large family by two mothers, who were sisters. The parents of William 11. Wiiiteaker were farmers all their lives, and lived on several farms before Jlr. Whiteaker died in 1844, at the age of thirty-three yeai-s. Mrs. Whiteaker was left with three sons and three daughters, of w^hom William 11., our subject, was the fourth child and second son. She survived her husband fortv-four years, and after selling her claim took up another of one hundred and twenty acres in Buruside Township. She acquired a deed to this land, improved it and lived there for a time, but afterward sold it. Her death occurred March 10, 1884, at the age of sev- enty-three years. She left six children, viz: Marsh Whiteaker, now in charge of the asylum farm at Anna, III., who is a successful farmer, and has a wife, four sons and five daughters; Anna, who re- sides in Burnside Township with her sister, Mi-s. .Jinsey Ballance; William H.; Poll}-, widow of Dallas Moore, living on her farm in Burnside Township, who has seven children; and John A., a farmer of Burnside Township, who has a wife and seven children. William II. Whiteaker was reared on the farm and received but little education. At the age of twenty-three years, August 13, 1862, he was en- rolled at Springfield, III., a member of Company C, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, un- der ('apt. Mark Whiteaker, his brother, who was a victim of chronic diarrhd-a. and was obliged to resign after serving one year. Our subject .served three years and one month, and when discharged w.as Second .Sergeant of his company. He wa> in the ranks most of the time of his service, and was neither wounded, taken prisoner, nor taken se- riously ill. When he went to war, he left his voung wife behind him, who was a Miss Sarah Deaton, and was married August 22, 1860. She was born in DeKalb County, Ala., and is the daughter of Wdliani and Martha Deaton, who removed from Alabama to Williamson County, III., in 1848. Her parents died in Illinois, the father in 1868, aged over seventy years, and the mother in 1870, aged sixty-eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Whiteaker have alwaj's lived near their present home. They have not been blessed with children, but have reared two foster sons, Henry Wright, now married and doing for himself, and Guy Burton, at home, and fourteen years of age. They also reared two fos- ter daughters, viz: Lucy E. Wright, deceased, wife of Hem-}' Vaughn, who left one child, a daughter, and Sarah E. Vaughn, now the wife of Stephen Crow. Mr. AVhiteaker has been a Republican most of his life, though he voted for Stephen A. Douglas for President. He and his wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which the}' have been zealous workers for a long time. ILAS FERRELL, Clerk of the Circuit Court jjl ||\ of Hardin County, is a son of Joseph Fer- rell, a native of Tennessee, who at an early d.i}- removed from his native State to Hardin Countj-, III., and settled on a farm. Here he served .is Township Treasurer for several yeare, and now lives at Harrisburgli, Saline Count}'. He was married first to Elizabeth Ladd, of (Tallatin County, 111., by whom he had eight children, three of whom are still living, viz: Nancy, wife of Charles Hubbard, a f.u-iner of Gallatin County; John II., now living at Elizabetlitown, III.; and Emma, wife of John S. Curry, a farmer of Hardin County, III. After the decease of his lirsl wife, Joseph Ferrell was married to Elizabeth Shell, of Hardin County, III., in 1H66, and by her he had three children, all of whom are now living, viz: Mila.s; Edward, a blacksmith of Elizaliethtown; and Henry, now liv- ing at Elizabethtown, 111. This wife d^-ing, he was 3fili PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIKW. married the tliird time, in 1875, to Hellel Moore, of Hardin County, 111., by whom lie has had eight children, six of whom are still living, viz: Thomas, Laura, Maggie, Fred, Uichard and .Tames H. Milas Ferrell was born in Gallatin County, 111.. November 11, 1867, and when but four years old moved to Hardin County with his father, where he was brought up on the farm, and obtained his early education at the common schools of that county. He afterward attended the public schools at Klizabethtown three sessions, and then began teaching school, which he continued to follow for four years. In 1892, he made the race for Clerk of the Circuit Court, and after a very exciting campaign and notwithstanding that his opponent was a very popular man, he was elected by the small majority of two votes. He qualified and took charge of his oHice in December, 1892. Mr. Ferrell is a member of New Home Lodge No. 18.5, I. O. O. v., at Karber's Ridge, Hardin County, and is an influential citizen, and he and family have a large circle of warm friends in this vicinity, and well deserve the good opinion of their neighbors. ^ACIIARY T. MELEK is a prominent farmer of Eddyville Precinct, and was born in 1849 in Tennessee. His father, Lemuel Meier, came from North Carolina, where be was born about 1815. He was a son of Philip Meier, of South Carolina, who was a farmer and removed to Tennessee about 1810. His wife was a Miss Meekc Last, who bore him five sons and four daugh- ters. He was frozen to death when about fifty years of age, and his wife died about si.x years af- terward at their home. Lemuel Meier was reared to farm life and labor, but had a fair common- school education, and was married when nineteen years old to Jane Braden, who was then eighteen years of age. They settled on their farm of one hundred and sixt^' acres in Hamilton County, Tenn., where they lived fifteen years, and in the fall of 1834 sold out and moved to Pope Count}', to the present home of the widowed mother of the subject of this sketch. The removal from Tennessee was made with a four-horse team, and they brought with them their .seven children. They bought of the ( icivcrnment three hundred acres of landata"bit" per acre, and settled down to pioneer life in the wilderness. Here their other three children were born, making a family of six sons and four daugh- ters, who were bereft of a father's care in 1862, he being taken by ty|)hoid-pneumonia at the age of forty-seven years. He left his widow with one hundred and sixty acres of land, having sold the other portion some time before, and since his death Mrs. Meier has lost one son and one daughter. George, aged twenty-seven, died, leaving a wife and four children. lie was a member of the One Hun- dred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and died of inflammatory rheumatism at Memphis, Tenn.; Eliza Jane, wife of Miles T. Nason, died at the age of twenty years, leaving three children. The children living are as follows: Philip, Anderson, Zachary T., Andrew Jackson, John L., Mary E. fnow Mrs. Arnold), Delilah and Francina, wife of J. M. Mick. Mrs. Meier, the mother of these chil- dren, is now seventy-six j'ears old, and is health}' and active for a woman of her years. Zachary T. Meier was reared at home to farm life, and secured but little education in his youth- ful days. He was married October 22, 1882, to Mrs. Sarilda A. S. Barger, nee Lauderdale, daughter of Lewis Lauderdale, and widow of William R. .S. Barger. Her parents died when she wasj'oung. Her home was for many years with her uncle, Thomas Boland. By her first marriage she has three daughters, viz: .Sarilda C, Samantha Ruth and Grace May. Mr. and Jlrs. Meier have buried one son, Ora H., one j'ear old. The}' have one child, Milas H., ten years old. Mr. Meier has eighty .acres of the old home farm where his mother resides, and one hundred and twenty-two acres of his wife's estate, on which he carries on general farming, raising corn and wheat, realizing .as much as forty bushels of corn and fifteen bushels of wheat to the acre. He also raises horses, cattle and hogs for his own and for market use. Horses are his principal slock. Mr. Meier is a member of the Social Brethren Church, and Mrs. Meier is a Cum- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RKVIKW. 361 berland Presbyterian. Mr. Meier is a Republican in politics. His brother George w.is in the One Hun- dred and Twentietii Illinois Infantry, goini^ witii the regiment as a private soldier, and dying at Memphis, Tenn., le.iving a wife and four children. Another brother, Philip, was also in the service dur- ing the war, in Company F, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and served in the ranks most of the time. Mr. Meier tikes an important part in the advance- ment of all enterprises for the welfare and im- provement of this section, and is numbered among its best citizens. -^1= .LEASANT VE.\TClI,(.f Bluomlicld Town- ship, Johnson County, was horn in Simp- sou Township, the same county, October 1, 1837. His father, Ishmael Veatch, was born December 10, 1798, in North Carolina, and was a son of John Veatch. The Last-named was of English ancestry', but it is not certain whctlier he was born in England or America. He emi- grated from North Carolina to Kentucky, and from Kentucky to Illinois about 1816, and settled in Johnson County. Purchasing land in Simp- son Township, he resided there until his death. Mis. \'eatch, whose maiden name was Nellie Jones, survived her husband and died at the home of her son Ishmael. She reared two sons and three daughters. Ishmael Veatch was about seventeen years old when his parents moved to Kentucky. He resided near Bowling Green until 1816, then came to Illi- nois and settled in JoDnson County, of which he was a pioneer. He secured a tract of Government land in what is now Simpson Township, and there built a log house, a mere cabin constructed of poles. Here he was married and made his home, his near- est neighbor at that early da)^ being five miles away. He resided there from his marriage until the lime of his death, which occurred March 24, 1872. He was married November 17, 1822, in .lohnson County, III., to Parmelia Chapman, who was born February 9, 1808, in New York, and was the daughter of Daniel and I.ucretia Chapman, the former of whom was a Revolutionary soldier and a native of England. Mrs. N'eattOi died January ;{1, 1867. Tnree of her children survive: James A., living in Simpson Township; Pleasant and Maria, the latter being the widow of Frank Silevin and a resident of Bloomfield Township. Pleasant Veatch was reared and educated in his native township. The schoolhouse in which he acquired the rudiments of his education was the primitive log structure described frequently in these pages, and his father's family lived, as did their neighbors, in the true pioneer st^'le, be- cause no other was then possible. His mother spun and wove the cloth, and then made the clothes for the familj'. His father tanned his own leather as well as carried on his farm work. He also made the frame work of the cradle with which he cut his grain, and which was the first grain cradle in the county, being then considered a great invention. Pleasant \'eatch resided with his parents until his marriage, when he bought a farm in Simpson Township. In 1861 our subject enlisted in Company E. Fortj'-eighth Illinois Infantry. He was engaged in the battle of Shiloh.and was so severely wounded that he was never again able to do .active service. As soon as able to leave the hospital, he started back to rejoin his regiment, but was sent to Cairo, and there discharged on .account of the disability caused by his wound. He resided in Simpson Township until July 9, 1865, when he bought the farm on which he now resides. At the time of his purchase there were fifteen or twenty acres cleared and a log house erected on it. He has now two hundred and fifteen acres of land, one hundred and sevent^'-five of it cleared and im- proved. On the place are good frame buildings, numerous fruit and shade trees, and all the im- provements needed to carry on farming with com- fort and profit. February 3, 1859, Mr. ^'eateh was married to Isabelle Keith, who was born in Tennessee, Octo- ber 15, 1842, and is a daughter of William and Irene (Farris) Keith. She died November 16,1876. Mr. \'eatch was married Jul^- 6, 1884, to Amie 362 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Vancleave, who was born in C'allowaj- Countyi Ky., October 8, 184S. She is the daugliter of the Rev. Wilson K. nnd Nancy .1. Vancleave. Mr. Vcatch has four childien by his first wife, viz: •John L., Florence, Edgai' I. and Thomas A. liy his present wife he lias two children, Ma^' and Ray. Hotli Mr. and Mrs. Veatcli are members of the Missionary Haptist Church. In politics Mr. Veatch is a Republican. Socially, he is a member of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. "if? AMES E. GO WAN, M. D., was born in Madison County, Tenn., October 31, 1836. ^,^ I His father, William Granville Gowan, was \^!l.' born in South Carolina, and his father, William Gowan, was a native of Edinburgh, Scot- land. William and his brother John were the only children of this family that came to America,- and they both settled in South Carolina. Will- iam Gowan learned the trade of hatter in his na- tive land, and it was soon after finishing his apprenticeship that he same to this country. He followed his trade in South Carolina some j'ears, and then joined a colony, emigrated with it to Madison County, Tenn., and became one of the pioneer settlers there. He bought a tract of tim- ber and prairie land, and erected a block house as a protection against the Indians, of whom there were plent}' in those days. The nearest mill and depot of Supplies was seventy-five miles away, but there was a millwright with the colony, and as soon as possible Mr. Gowan erected a mill, getting the stone from the quarry and the timber from the woods, which when completed was operated by oxen. AVilliam Gowan cleared his farm and re- sided upon it until his death, wliicli occurred when he was of the great age of one hundred and fifteen years, three months and six days. The maiden name of his wife w.as .Judith Adkissou. She was born in Scotland and came to this coun- try with her parents, who settled near Charleston, S. C. She died on the home farm in Madison Count}', Tenn., at the age of ninety-.seven j^ears. William Granville Gowan was reared in South Carolina and went with his parents to Tennessee, where he inherited a large tract of land and added Id it by purch.ase. IJefore the war he operated this farm with slave labor, raising and dealing in cotton, and he still resides on tlie same farm, aged ninety-two years, and is a hale and hearty old man. The maiden name of his wife was Eveline Wood. She was born in Soutli Carolina, and was the daughter of John and Sophia Wood, natives also of South Carolina and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. She is now in her eighty-first year, and has been the mother of seven children, viz: James E., F. Marcelius, George, I>uther, Maiy E., Martiia J. and Eva. .lames E. Gowan received his earl}' education in tiie subscription schools, and afterward attended Jackson Academy, at Jackson, Tenn. In 1847 he entered McKendree (Tennessee) College, and gra- duated in the Class of '49, after which he began the study of medicine with Dr. Branick, of .Jackson, Tenn. In 1860 he graduated from the Ohio Med- ical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and commenced practicing medicine at Metropolis. On March 6, 1862, he enlisted as a private soldier in Company B, Fourteenth Indiana Infantry, and served two years, being honorably discharged in May, 1864. In 1866 he graduated from the Rush Medical Col- lege, at Chicago, and then resumed the practice of medicine in Massac County, after which he located on his farm, wh ich he purchased nine miles from Me- tropolis, and superintended, at the same time prac- ticing medicine in the country until 1880. At this time he removed to Metropolis and opened a drug store, continuing in business until 1892, when he again followed his profession, and has so contin- ued up to the present time. Our subject was married in 1863 to Harriet Yates, who was born in Ohio, and is the daughter of John and Elizabeth (Waliliright) Yates. To this marriage there have been born the following children: Eveline E., John G., Annie, Minnonetta, .Tames E., Jr., and Charles (i. Dr. Gowan has been a member of the Southern Illinois Medical Associ- ation from its organization, and is also a member of Gethsemane Ccmimandery No. 41, K. T., of -.J '^c/h.^'^^^ ^>^^3^ rOUTKAIT AND BKXih'Al'IIICAL KENIKW. 365 Massac Lodge No. 442, 1. O. O. F., and of Egyp- tian KncampiKcnl. He lias served as Steward of the Kiglith Keginienl Illinois National Guards. It should be stated in ch)sing this brief memoir, that the name of the ancestors of Dr. Gowan was Mc- Gowen, and that the grandfather of the Doctor anfi his brother had the name changed by act of the South Carolina Legislature. Our subject is a man of great intellect, is honest to a fault, and has a wide reputation as being a rclialile and sympa- thetic physician. ^^l-^l-t^ll^^l J~' ONATIIAN S. I?AKGEH,who has resided on his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 26, Eddyville Precinct, Pope County, for the past fort\'-two years, was born in this county in July, 1830. His father, Granville S. Barger, was born in Virginia in 1810, and was a son of Abraham S. Barger, a A'irginia farmer, farming having been the vocation of the familv for several generations. He married in Vir- ginia Mary Anderson, and they came to Illinois in 181(J by boat to Golconda and settled as squatters about two miles southeast of where Eddj'ville is now situated. They were in comfortable circum- stances when they came to this State, which, how- ever, was then a Territory, but he never owned much land. He reared a family of live sons and five daughters, of whom tJranville was the second child and first son in order of birth. The grand- mother died first at a ripe old age, seventy j-ears, and he died some years later, at the rii)e old age of eighty years. There are two of their children still living, viz: Anna, now Mrs. .lames Bailey, a widow eighty years old, of Glondale; and Lucinda, widow of Samuel Morse, of Eddyville Township, Pope County, and about seventy-eight years of age. The wife of Granville .S. liarger and mother of Jonath.au S. was I.ucretia Woolwine, of Virginia, who had a family of three sons and six daughters, of whom two daughters died young. Of the seven that reached maturity six are still living, viz: I'J Jonathan S.; William S.; Mary, wife of John Beu- j ard, a farmer of Eddyville Township; Hannah, wife of .John liallimore, a farmer living near Jon- athan S.; Catherine, wife of Tillman Stone, of Eddyville Township; and Elizabeth, wife of Thom.as Cray ton, now of Kansiis. The mother of these children died at the farm home in 1880, p.ast middle life, and the father died .January 22, 1887, in his seventj'-seventh year, leaving a small estate. Simon S. Barger, a brother of our subject, volun- teered to defend the Elag during the late rebellion, but wore the blue only a short time, when he died of smallpox. Jonathan S. Barger was reared at home on the farm and from early boyhood to manhood knew what the deprivations of pioneer life were. This was then a wooded and wild country, which had plenty of wild game and wild beasts. He was ac- customed to kill wild cats, wolves and all kinds of animals in the woods and was considered a very successful hunter and one of the best shots with a rifie or shotgun, though he never practiced shoot- ing at a target. He has enjo^'ed and still enjoys a good day's hunt, and often captures the wily red fox with his fine hounds and excellent gun. He has seen many a drove of deer with as many as twenty in a drove, and on such occasions has let many a turkey live that he could easil_y have shot. Our subject was married Ma}- 20, IS.'jO, when in his twentieth year, to Miss Juliette Newton, daugh- ter of Isaac and Ph(ebe (Murphy) Newton, early settlers from Tennessee. Mrs. Barger was born in Pope County, in 1828, and her father died at his farm home in 18Cl,aged fifty -one j-ears. He was, like the father of the subject of this sketch, a great hunter, and the two were boon companions. He killed more than sixty deer one fall. The mother of Mrs. Barger died December 23, 1889, when just two days less than seventy-five years of age. She reared four sons and seven daughters and lost one infant son. Mr. and Mrs. Barger have buried one son and three daughters: George W., who w.as one year old; Martha A., five years old; Amanda, wife of William Stone, who was nineteen years old; and Laura, wife of Lawrence Smith, who died at twen- ty-one years of age, leaving two children. The liv- ing children of Mr. and Mrs. Barger are as follows: 36(5 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Klinina, wife of William Stone; John S., a farmer living near his parents; Green \\. S., a farmer liv- ing near by; Louisa, wife of Lawrence Smith, a farmer of the vicinity; Sarah C, a young lady, and Delia, both at home. Mr. IJarger has always raised a variety of crops, but corn has been his principal one. lie raises hay enough for his small stock of horses, cattle and sheep, and fattens a few pigs for his own use. Of late years he has hired the most of his farming done. It is proper, and indeed necessary, to note in closing this sketch that the name was originally in Germany Shuffel- barger, and that form of the name was retained for some generations in this country, but of late vears the name has been written S. Barger. J "^ JOHN C. ROSE, of AVolrab Mills, Hardin County, is the son of Ileur}' Rose, of Eliza- [ bethtown, who was born in Hardin County, ^^ 111., February 19, 1816, and was brought up on the farm. He followed farming all his life and is now one of the leading farmers of Hardin County. He was married to Elizabeth Whitesides, of Illinois, by whom he had ten children. E. G. is now in the livery business at Harrisburgh, 111.; J. H., a practicing physician, resides at Harrisburgh, 111; William A. and George W. reside in California; Charles is a farmer of Pope County; and .Tohn C. is our subject. The mother of these children died Oc- tober 29, 1870, and in 1872 Mr. Rose was married to Nancy Holt, widow of John Holt, by whom he had one child, Lela, who lives at home. This wife died, and Mr. Rose was married the thud time, to Mary E. Erwood, of Hardin County, 111. John C. Rose, the subject of this sketch, was born in Hardin County March 12, 1843, and was reared on the farm. His early education was ob- tained in a subscription school, there being then no free schools, as there are now. At the age of nineteen years he enlisted in Company L, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, January l,18(i2, and was mustered out at Selma, Ala., in November, 1865. Among the numerous battles in which he was engaged may be mentioned that at Nashville, Lawrenceburgh and Relmont, Tenn., in which engagements he was wounded several times, but at no time seriously. He was Orderly Sergeant of his company, and af- ter the war returned to Illinois with his health very much imp.aired from the hard service he had undergone. He engaged for a short time in farm- ing, and was then Deputy Sheriff of the county for seven years, after which he bought land and settled down to improve his farm. I'pon this farm he has remained ever since, lie has one hun- dred and fifty-one acres of land in a high state of cultivation, with good buildings upon the farm, and he is one of the most prosperous citizens of the county, lie w.as married July 26, 1866, to Miss Mary A. Pankej', daughter of John Pan key, who was a native of Hardin County, 111. Politi- call}', Mr. Rose is a Republican, and socially he is a member of Lodge No. 276, A. F. & A. M., and of Post No. 565, G. A. R. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are earnest workers in the cause of religion, aiding that congregation both spiritually and financially. OHN T. LEDBETTER is a son of D. J. Led- better, who was born in Hardin County ^,^-^1 I November 10, 1815, and who was brought (^g^ up on the farm, which occupation he fol- lowed successfully all his life. He was united in marriage first to Rebecca Lane, of Tennessee, August 24, 1838, b}' whom he had eight children, four of whom are now living: Mar^' Ann, who is the wife of John Thornton; John T.; Sidney, wife of J. A. Oxford; and D. J., Jr. He was married in 1855 to his second wife, who was the widow of Ambissa Gustin, her maiden name having been Ellen Lyons. She died May 9, 1883. John T. Ledbetter was born in Hardin County PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 367 June 7, 1845, and was reared on a farm. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Compan\- F, One Hundred and Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, whicii regiment in 1863 was consolidated with the Twent3--ninth. He participated in several hard-fought battles, among which m.iy be mentioned Haines' Bluff, ArkanSiis Post, Milliken's Bend, \'ieksburg, Ft. Blakely, Spanish Fort and Woodville, Miss. He was mustered out at Springfield, 111., November 6, 1865, and returned home with health impaired by his experience in the armj'. He then attended school for a time in order to obtain an education, whicli had been sadly neglected in his youth. He was married February 25, 1866, to Mary Lower}', a daughter of .lohn Lowery, of Hardin Countj', and by this marriage he has nine children: John .1., a lawyer; Rlioda C, wife of S. L.Jackson; Olla .1., wife of C. W. Hess; Ida A., wife of William Sneed; Elsie, James A., William R., (^. A. and Herbert. The mother of these children died Feb- ruary 1(1. 1889, and on July 12, 188!l, Mr. Led- belter was married to Julia A. Foster, a daughter of tMU^^ and Elizabeth Foster, and by this mar- riage he had one child, Henry. Mr. Ledbetter is a very prominent and influential man, and has served as Sheriff of Hardin County two yeai-s and as Assessor for one term, also served for one year as County Treasurer, two terms as Justice of the Peace, and his decisions were alwaj's sustained when carried up to a higher court. He is a mem- ber of Tadmore Lodge No. 754, A. F. A- A. M., at Karber's Ridge, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. ■1L_^ ARDY BII>LINf;T()N was born in Middle jfjli Tennessee in 1823. His father. Samuel J^j^ Billington, was born in North Carolina in' (^) 1761, and was a son of Ezekiel Billington, who was born in England in 1738. He came over the sea with his parents at fifteen years of age, and followed farming in this country-. His father's family perished in the Revolutionary War, in which he was himself a soldier. He was made a prisoner by the British, but esc.iped and joined the patriots, later in life receiving a pension for his services in that war. He married a .Miss Pinney, of North Carolina, and they reared seven sons and three daughters, of whom Samuel was the first-born. The wife of Samuel and the mother of the subject of this sketch was Miss Tabitha Moore, a daughter of Aaron Moore, of North Carolina. After their union they removed to Tennessee at an early day, and then to Kentucky, where hei- hus- band died in 1846, leaving his widow with nine children, five sons and four daughters, of whom our subject was the fourth child and first son. Our subject was married in Kentucky in October, 1847, to Elizabeth Burrow, also of the Blue Grass State, and a daughter of Joseph Burrow. After their marriage Mr. and l^Irs. Billington went to Texas, in 1848. where the former followed farming and bricklaying for thirty years. His mother came to him there, and died in 1857, at about seventy years of age. He was a soldier in the Mexican War for eight months, going in 1846, and was in the Confederate array for three years, being a member of Company I, Eighteenth Texas Cavalry, and was Fii-st Lieutenant of the company. In 1878 he removed to Pope County, and in 1884 settled on his present estate, where he is doino- a general farming business. He has buried three children: an infant; E. W., who was killed when forty yeai-3 of age by a mule, and left a fam- ily; and James S., who died in Missouri at thirty years of age, leaving a family, all of whom have died. The living children comprise three sons and four daughters: Tennessee A., wife of E. A. Reynolds, of Pope County, who has four sons and three daughters; E. W., also a farmer of this county, who has two daughters; Elizabeth, wife of W. R. Siks, a farmer of Indian Territory, who ha.-; one son and two daughters; Sarah, wife of Spencer .S. Barger, a farmer of Pope County; F. M., a farmer residing in this county, who has three daughters; Nettie May, wife of Lee I'nsel.a farmer, who has one son; and P. G., a farmer tif Missouri, who has three children. Mr. Billington is a Democrat in his political •M\H POiriHAIT AM) lUoGRAPHICAL KFAIKW. atllliations, and lie hihI liis wife arc members of tlie United liaplisl C'liurcli. lie is sevent}' jcars old, and liis wife is sixtj% and both are healtiiy and active peoi)lc, however, taking life easi', as they well deserve to do. They are well and favor- ably known throughout this community, their friends being many. Mr. IMllinglon is an ui)right business man, wlio has worked his way upward and has met with great success in lifo. :^>^^.' 'i'ULICH was born in Union County April 1, 1846. He is a son of Lewis Toler, of North Carolina, who was himself a farmer and a son of a farmer. Me was married to Eliza Guinn, of Union County, 111., about 1832, and they spent their entire lives in that count}- on their little farm, where Mr. Toler died about 1856, in the prime of life. He was the father of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters, of whom Larkin was the seventh. Of this number nine were living at the time of their father's death, three having died previously, viz: Carroll, at twelve years of age; John, wlien a small boy; and Elizabeth in infancy. Of the number living at that time the following have died: Nedom, at the age of sixteen years; and Mary, wife of John Mclntire, at the age of thirty, leaving one daughter. The living are as follows: Martha, wife of Anson Gurley, a farmer of Johnson County; William D., a retired farmer of Union County; D. H., a farmer of Texas; Larkin; Henry, a farmer of Burnside Township, Johnson County; Thomas, also of Johnson County; and Melissa, wife of J. Lipe, of Williamson County. The mother of these children is still living, at the age of seventy-eight years, and resides with her daughter, Mrs. Gurley. In boyhood Larkin Toler had little or no educa- tion, but was brought up to plent.y of hard labor. He left home when eighteen years old, and when twenty was married to Mary E. Goddai'd, she be- ing in her fifteenth year. She was a daughter of George A. Goddard. i\Ir. and Mrs. Toler began life on rented land in Union County, and farmed on rented land for t(;n years. In 1875, they bought eighty acres in Williamson County for 1500, which had upon it fair improvement^. This was llieu' home for eight 3-ears, but in the fall of 1883 ISIr. Toler tr.aded this farm off for ninety acres in Johnson County, near his present home. In 1892 he traded the ninety -acre farm for one hundred and thirtj'-eight acres with good house and fine j'oung orchard, it being valued at $2,000, and he paid 1300 to boot. Mr. and Mrs. Toler have buried four sons and two daugh- ters, all in infanc}'. The}' have five children liv- ing, viz: William L., a young man of twent^'-three, at home and teaching in the district school; Minnie, a young lady of eighteen; Albert, fifteen; Alice, eleven, and Manila, five. Their opportunities for an education have been limited. Mr. and Mrs. Toler are members of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Toler votes the Democratic ticket. He carries on mixed farming, raising wheat and corn for the most part, but also keeps a few cattle and hogs, and has a fine orchard of two hundred apple trees. 4^ —f#^#i# •?•••— ^ ;RANCIS M. BAKNWELL, mcrch.ant of Ozark, was born in Simpson Township, Johnson County, III., October 23, 1855, to John C. Barnwell, a native of North Carolina who was taken by his parents to Middle Tennessee when a small boy. His father was William Barn- well, a farmer by occupation and probably a North Carolinian by birth. John C. Barnwell is one of eight children, five sons and three daughters, and of these eight he was the second son and child in order of birth. His parents removed fiom Ten- nessee in 1840 or 1842, when he was about thir- teen years old, by means of their own team and an emigrant wagon, to southern Illinois, and took up some land in Simpson Township, upon which they erected a good log house, which is still standing. The grandfather of Francis M., who was one of the first settlers in this region, was a man of ability PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, 369 and integrity, whose word was generalh' taken as authority. He was for many years a Justice of the Peace and an Associate .Tud< RKNIKW ings. Starting out in life with meagre iiii';uis, he has steadily puslied onward and \ii)\v:u(l unlil lie has reached a position of inlliuMKi' in lliirdin County. *^^^l®^@l^,l^^-* JOHN WILLIAMS was born in I'opc County, in., where he still makes his home, in 1818. His father, .John "Williams, who was born in the same county in 1813, was a son of John and Mary Williams, who were natives of Virginia. They were married in their native State, and came to Illinois at a very early day, settling on a farm of Government land of about sixty acres, upon which they made their home, Mr. Williams fol- lowing the occupations of a blacksmith, farmer and nurseryman combined, and although having lost his left hand he was quite successful. The farm was situated some two miles north of Ilartsville, Pope County, and upon it they reared three son.-, •losiah, James and John. John and Mary Will- iams both lived to an advanced age and died at their pioneer home. The father of our subject married jNIary Wool- wine, a daughter of Simon and Fannie (Binyard) Wool wine, of Virginia, in which State Mary Wool- wine was born in 1811. Mrs. Williams' parents came to southern Illinois in an early day, in 1819, and settled in that part of Johnson County which is now the northeastern part of Pope County. They at first bought a squatter's improvement, a cabin and a small clearing, for which they at a later day received a deed from the Government and to whidi they added one Inindred acres more. They lived upon this farm until the}' died, at an ad- vanced age, having reared three daughters, of whom Mrs. Williams was the first-horn. After the death of her father, her mother married .Simon S. Harger and had six sons and one daughter, of whom there are now living Mrs. Williams and four of the sons. John Williams, the subject of this sketch, had four l)rothers and si,\ sisters. One brother died when .111 iMlaiil, and .Inhn ;imiI three of his sisters arc the iniiy ones living. Simon, James and Henry wcri' vdhinteers in the Union armj- during the war of the Rebellion. Simon was one of the seventy of the seventj'-seven of his company who perished en route home on the ship "General Lyon," and James came home on a sick furlough and died at home in his twentv-second year. John was the youngest of the sons. The three sisters liv- ingare: Catherine, wife of John L. Robbs,of Eddy- ville; Kthie E. H., wife of Benjamin F. Yates, a farmer of Eddyville Precinct; and Martha J., wife of Ed Hathaway, of Eddyville. The father of these children died in 1850, in the prime of life, and his widow, the venerable mother of his chil- dren, is still living, active and bright, at the age of eighty-two, with the subject of this sketch. Mr. Williams was reared to farm life and work and had but little opportunity to secure an edu- cation; he is, however, a great reader and a well- informed man, at the present time preaching in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He obtained his education after attaining to man's estate, but is well educated and is a truly self-made man. He was married at the age of twenty years and has alwa3's had his mother with him. His wife was Sarah E. AV^iley, of East Tennessee, a daughter of John Wiley, a farmer and blacksmith by occupa- tion, who came to Illinois in 1862, when his daugh- ter was ten years old. She is the eldest of a family, of eight children born to her parents, who were ref- ugees from Tennessee, the mother driving the team through the Rebel lines, while her husband stole away. Their lo^-alty cost them great sacrifice, but they could not aid in the attempt to destroy their country. John AVilliams and his wife settled in their present home in 1873, and subsequently bought eighty acres of wild land, sixty acres of which they have cleared. Death has claimed two infant daughters and there arc now ten children living: David, who is married and has one son; Melvina, a young lady nineteen years of age and living at home; Nora, fifteen; Henry N., twelve; Ethie E., ten; John B., eight; Van Cleve, six; Alexander and Herman, twins, bright and hand- some little fellows, two years old: and Sarah, an infant. Jlr. Williams carries on mixed farming I PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 371 on a email scale and is very successful. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and in politics a Prohibitionist, slniight and solid. His father was a Methodist minister, and the entire famil\- are of this faith. Our subject is noted for his perseverance, push and i)lu(k, and is well likc(l bv all who know liim. b^''}'"'^i '\ OlIN JACK, attorney-at-law at Cave in Rock, Hardin County, is a son of William C. Jack, a native of Alabama, born in that State in April, 1809, and brought upon a farm. At an earl3' da}' he removed to Oibson County, Tenn., set- tled on a farm, and remained there until October, 1837, when he removed to Illinois and entered land, covered with timber, in Williamson County. The onlv improvement of any kind on tiiis land was the log cabin erected by Mr. .Jack. He cleared up his farm and lived upon it until 1857, when he removed to Johnson County, and bought a farm, upon which he lived the rest of his life, dying in 1875. He was married in 1831 to Malinda Glass- cock, of Tennessee, by whom he had eleven chil- dren, viz: John, the subject of this sket(;li ; William, a farmer of Williamson County; Jasper and Car- roll, deceased; Xoali N., a farmer of Johnson County; Marshall, deceased; Alonzo. a farmer of Johnson Count}-; Jlelissa, deceased; Ellen, wife of Thomas Trowel; Amanda, wife of A. Futrel; and Emma, wife of Tine Boles, a fanner of Williamson County. .John .Tack was born in (iibson C(ninty, Tenn. October 27, 1832. He was reared on his father's farm, and obtained his education in a three-montlis subscription school, taught in one of the pioneer log schoolhouses. In 1837 he came with his fa- ther to Illinois, and started out in life for himself in 1849. He returned to Gibson Count}', Tenn., where he attended school six months, working at hard labor in order to i)ay his tuition. In 1850 he returned to his home in Illinois, and became a clerk in a store at a salary of ^4 per month. Re- maining in this store two years, lie went to Anna, III., and worked in a saloon one month, when he went to work on the Illinois Central Railroad as a brakeman, continuing tlius engaged one year. He then went to work in a sawmill, and remained in the mill and timber business until 1857, after which he bought land in .Johnson County, working his farm in the summers and leaching school in winters until 1862, when he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry, serv- ing until April 4, 18()3, when he was discharged on account of ill-health. He removed to Hardin County in 1864, and for some lime followed farm- ing. In I8()5 he was elected County Superinten- dent of Public Instruction, and held the office two terms for four years each. He served as Justice of the Peace for several years, and from his court no appeal was ever taken. In 1880 he removed to Cave in Rock, and was engaged in the drug business there one }-ear. He then engaged in general merchan- dising, and in I885 he was appointed Postmaster, serving for four years. He had studied law several years when admitted to the Bar in 1889, and has continued in practice ever since, winning quite a reputation as an attorney. He was married March 16, 1856, to Martiia E. Harris, daughter of John Harris, of Tennessee, but has had no children. He is a member of Lodge No. 444, A. F. & A. M., and is an Odd Fellow. In politics he is a Democrat, and he and his wife arc members of the Baptist Chuieh. j^^ AMIEI. I). WHITKMDK, of Wolrab Mills, ^^^ Hardin County, is a son of James A. lll^Ji) Whiteside, also of this county, who was reared a farmer and was without any but a , practical education. He earl}- purchased timber land, and settled down to the work of improving his farm. His first wife was Sidney Howard, and by her he had two children: James A. Jr., a farmer of Crawford County, Kan., and Bettie, wife of Charles Kidd, of Golcoiida, III. He was married in 1846, to his second wife, Susan M. Lockwood. dn PORTRAIT AND lilOGRAPlllCAL REVIEW. Slie was a widow, whose maiden name was Garner, and was a daugliler of Moses 15. Garner, of Ham- ilton Count}', 111., and to them were born two children, as follows: Samuel D., and Sidney, wife of W. P. McKarland, of Ilarrisburg, 111. James A. Whiteside died in 18.')2, and his widow married Hobcrt (). Hunter, whose fatlier was a native of Ireland. She died in September, 1890. Samuel D. Whiteside was born in Hardin County, III., November 2.5, 1850. He was reared on the farm, and attended the common schools of the county, obtaining a fair Knglish education. The death of his father occurred while he was quite young, and it therefore fell to his lot to support his widowed mother for a time, which he did loyally and bravely. In 1886 he became engaged in the mercantile business at his present location, at which business he has been ver^' successful. He has a large and steadily increasing trade, and also owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land, all of which is in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Whiteside was married to Miss (Gertrude Joiner, daughter of Carroll Joiner, February 12, 1893, and she makes his home an abode of hospitality and ifood cheer. JOHN II. NURKIS, M. I)., one of the leading physicians of Metrojjolis, was born in Mar- ion County, Ky., August 29, 1830. His father, Moses Norris, was born in Virginia, and his father, Thomas Norris, was born in Ireland, and, from the best information obtainable, is be- lieved to have been of Scotch ancestry. He and his brothers, William and James, were the only members of the family that ever came to this country, and they all settled in Virginia. The grandfather of Dr. Norris resided there until about 1825, and then emigrated to Kentucky', ac- companied by his wife and (juc child, making the journey by means of an ox-team. He purchased a tract of timber land on the Uolling Fork of Salt Uiver, cleared a f;iriii :ind lived there until 181(1, when he came to Illinois, and spent his last days in Tazewell County, The maiden name of his wife was Judith Rogers. She was a native of Vir- ginia, and died in Tazewell County, 111. She and her husband reared eight children: Moses, William, Susan, Mar}', Thomas, John, James and Joseph. Moses Norris was reared to agricultural pursuits and bought a tract of land in Marion Count}', Ky., on which he resided until 1832, when he sold out and emigrated toIUinois, accompanied by his wife and child. They made the journey on horseback, carrying their son in their arms, and located in Tazewell County, twenty-five miles from IMoom- ington and fifteen miles east of Peoria. Mr. Norris chose a tract of Government land near the site of the village of Mackinaw, and was one of the first settlers. At that time north- ern Illinois was practically uninhabited, and Chi- cago as a city had not yet been heard of. He en- tered three hundred and twenty acres of land, erected a cabin of round logs, and commenced at once to improve his farm. In 1840 he sold this land and again started for the frontier, making an overland journey to the Territory of Iowa, set- tling in Black Hawk, and purchasing about twenty miles north of Cedar Rapids, near Cedar River. At that time all the land in that part of the coun- try was owned by the Government. He made a claim and began to improve the land, but found the winters too severe for him, and in 1843 he sold his claim and removed to near the Osage River, Mo., and in 1845 settled permanently near Rolla. Here he was successful in his operations, and erected good buildings and accumulated a large stock of cattle and horses. During the war that part of the country was infested with guerrillas, and his buildings and fences were destroyed, and his stock stolen, entailing upon him a loss of 120,000. He then removed to Rolla and lived retired until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Keziah D. Tucker, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Matthew Tucker. She died in Rolla, Mo., having reared four children: John II., Annie, and Sarah and Mary, twins. John H. Norris was in his second year when his parents moved to Illinois, hence he has no recol- lection of his native home. He attended the pio- PORTKAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 373 neer schools of Tazewell County ten weeks in liie winter before his eleventh iiirtiidny, and the school he attended lie entered as its teacher at eigh- teen j-eai-s of age. He acquired liis education with the aid of his mother by the kitchen fireplace, anf en- terprises he gives his personal attention, and in addition is engaged in the practice of law. lie is a member of \ienna Lodge No. 1.50, A. F. it A. M.; of Vienna Chapter No. 07, R. A. M-; of Cairo Com- mandery No. 18, K. T., and of Vienna Lodge No. 248, K. of P. Thus it will be seen that Mr. Chap- man is one of the most active and most public- spirited men of his county. r ♦^•! /p^EORGE W. LASLEY was born in Simpson [l[ (— , Township, Johnson County, in 1831, and ^^jj now resides in Burnside Township. His father, James Lasley, was a native of Kentucky and was born in 1771. He was a farmer and was the son of Thomas Lasley, who came from Ireland and wasaccidentall3' drowned in the French Broad River, when his son James was an infant. His widow afterward married George Wallace and reared a number of children. James Lasley mar- ried Rebecca Dobbs, of Kentucky, by whom he had six sons and three daughters, of whom George W. is the youngest. James and his wife came to Illinois in the spring of 1832 with their own team of horses and covered wagon, bringing with them their family of eight children, losing on the way one little son. They had but limited means, but had four horses, three of which drew the cov- ered wagon and the other a single rig. They first settled in the woods and lived for a time in two rude log cabins, 16x16 feet in size. Before Mr. Lasley died he owned seven hundred acres of land, all adjoining, and had built a good log house, weather-boarded and ceiled, which is still occu- pied by one of the daughters. George W. Lasley had but little education, and that he secured in a subscription school, pacing i PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 377 $1 per month. At twelve years of age he attended school one montli, from which he derived much good, but learned more of writing while in the army than he had ever learned before. He was married at nineteen years of age, before leaving home, to Jliss Esther C. Veatch, daughter of Abi- jah J. Veatch, of Kentucky, the native State of Mrs. Lasley, who was married in her twentieth year, in 1852. After marriage our subject and Ins wife remained at his parents' liome a few months and then went to Missouri, Kansas and Indian Territory, remaining in the West some three years, when they returned to the old home- stead, where they remained until after tiie death of his father in 1858. at the age of eighty-five years. His widow survived him some five or six j-ears, and died at the age of ninety-two years. George W. Lasley enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, Capt. Parks. His brother, Andrew Jackson, was in the First Tennessee Cavalry, and was taken pris- oner at Memphis, Tenn. George W. served over three yeai-s. He was in the hospital some time at Memphis with erysipelas, and the fever ruined his sight. He came out with impaired health and is receiving a small pension. Our subject lost his first wife about 1868, when she was thirty-five years old. She left six children, three of whom are deceased. The others are Re- becca, wife of L. D. Cruse, a farmer, who has one son living; Ellen, wife of William Mahon, a farmer, who has one son and two daughters living; and Laura M., wife of J. N. Cruse, residing near Rock Post- oflice, in Pope County, who has one son and one daughter. There are three daughtei's deceased, viz: Sarah E., wife of .Jacob Hood, who left four sons; Mary Ann, wife of Matt Craft, who left a son and daughter, who are now living with their grandparents; and Esther .Jane, wife of X. J. Cruse, who left one son. Some years after the death of his first wife Mr. Lasle}' was married to his pres- ent wife. Miss Elizabeth Kendall, of North Caro- lina, whose father died in .Johnson Count3- at the age of seventy-nine years. The mother is still living with Mr. Lasley, aged eighty-one j'ears. B}' liis second wife our subject h.is two children: Charles B., a youth now in his seventeenth year. and Parthena E., a young woman eighteen years old. One infant son is deceased. Mr. Lasley h.as now one hundred and ten acres of land, hav- ing lost some b^- the Cairo Short Line Railroad, and he has also deeded some to his heirs. He is a Master Mason and is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Politically, he is a true, l03"al and straight Republican. His wife is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which she is an active worker. :^>-^^5^^' Elizabethtown, is a son of John Abbott, who was born in Middle Tennessee June 26, 1840, where his parents had stopped for a time on their way to Virginia. His father, Jonathan Abbott, w:is a native of Virginia, where he followed the oc- cupation of a farmer. He removed from that State to Tennessee by team, and thence to Illinois, set- tling in Pope County near the present site of Gol- conda, and about five miles from there secured a tr.tct of Government land, upon which he built a log house and settled down to pioneer life. At that time there were no schools, churches, mills or railroads. He had, however, received a fair com- mon school education, and was thus prepared to some extent for the battle of life. He was mar- ried in Pope County to Cornelia Craig, a native of Tennessee, being born October 26, 1845, and both are now living in Golconda. Thej- became the parents of eight children: Thomas J., of Gol- conda; John S.; Charles J., express agent at Pa- ducah. K}'.; Perry, who died in infancy; Minnie, wife of Charles E. Hughes, of Golconda; Philip and Bertha, both of Golconda, and one who died in infancy. John S.Abbott, the second child, was born ]\Iarch 23, 1864, on the farm near Golconda, where he lived until six yeai-s old, when his parents removed to Golconda. There he received a good common- school education, and remained at home until he was eighteen years old, at which time he began work in the Herald office in Golconda, continuing 20 at this one year and four months, when he learned the printer's trade. In 1882, when but eighteen years old. he removed to Elizabethtown and took charge of the paper there for D. G. Thompson, and after three months leased it for one 3'ear, at the expiration of which time he bought new ma- terial and put the paper on a better footing. He has ever since continued its publication and has greatly' improved it since he became the proprietor. The paper now has a wide circulation, is considered a newsy issue and all the improvements made in it have been by the individual efforts of Mr. Abbott. Our subject earl^- developed and manifested a natural adapUition for the newspaper business and has before him excellent prospects. He was mar- ried in 1884 to Mattie Ledbetter, a sketch of whose family history appears elsewhere in this work. She was born in Hardin County, and has one child, Maude J. Politically Mr. Abbott is a Democrat, but his paper is conducted as an independent newspaper, as its name imports. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the family is of high standing in the com- munity. OLOMON J. UlIOADS, M. D., was born near Greenville, Muhlenberg County, Ky., July 23, 1834. His father, Henry Rhoads, was born in the same county, and his fa- ther, Solomon Rhoads, was born near Reading, Pa. The father of our subject was a German and a surgeon in the Colonial army during the Revo- lutionary War. and spent his last days near Read- ing, Pa. Solomon Rhoads removed from Penn- sylvania to the Northwest Territory previous to the j-ear 1800 and resided for a time in what is now Massac County. At that time this coun- try was a wilderness filled by Indians and wild beasts. It is not known how long he remained here, but his wife died during that time, after which he went to Kentucky and was one of the pioneers of Muhlenberg County, that State. He 384 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. was a relative of Daniel IJooue and like him was a great hunter and fond of the chase. His brothers, Henry and David, settled in the same county about the same time, the former being tiie first representative in the Kentucky Legislature from that county. Tlie grandfather of our subject secured a tract of timber land nine miles east of the iiiescnt site of (Ireenvillc, upon which he erected a substantial liewed-log house, in which he lived until the daj- of iiis death. For the chimneys of this house he burned the first brick ever made in Muhlenberg County, and soon after the chimneys were com- pleted occurred the famous earthquakes in 1811, which destroyed New Madrid, and cracked his chimneys from top to bottom, but did not cause them to fall, and they are standing to the present da^'. The maiden nam.e of his wife was Rachel Johnson, who was of Scotch ancestr}' and was born in North Carolina. She died in Muhlenberg County, Ky., in 1860. Ileni'y Rhoads, the father of Solomon J., was reared in his native county, and was a natural me- chanic, who could make a good barrel or take a hide, tan it and make it into boots and shoes. He married in Ohio and settled in Muhlenberg County, near Greenville, on a tract of timber land given Lira by his father, from which he cut down a poii- lar tree, which supplied him with enough puncheon timber to build a house. He afterward built a substantial, hewed-log house, and still later erected a frame dwelling in which he lived until his death, in 1884. The maiden name of his wife was Eliza- beth Morton. She was born in Ohio County, Ky., and was the daughter of Thomas and Garner ( Ashby) Morton. She still survives, at tiie age of eighty-four, having reared three children, Solomon J., Merlon G. and ('ynthia. Solomon .1. Rhoads received his early education at Greenville, and his advanced education at Bethel College, Russellville, Ky., after which he taught school two terms, and later turned his attention to the study of medicine, with Dr. Will- iam H. Yost, of Greenville. He commenced prac- tice at Sacramento, Ky., in 18()0,and in 1861 grad- uated from the St. Louis Medical College. He re- ipftined in Kentucky until 1864, when he came to Illinois and remained until the close of the war. He then returned to Kentucky and i)racticed at South Carrollton until 1883, at which time he re- turned to Illinois, located at Metropolis, and has been here in practice ever since. He has erected a commodious brick house and has paid considera- ble attention to iiorticulturc. Mr. Rhoads was married in 18()6 to I'riscilla A. Jagoe, who was born in Muhlenberg County, Ky., and is a daughter of William and Miranda (Rush) .lagoe, of Kentucky. Our subject and his wife have four children: Miriam, William H. Edwin G. and Kittie Clyde. Mr. Khoads is a member of the Southern Illinois Medical Association, and also of the Kentucky- State Medical Association. He is a member of Metropolis Lodge No. 91, A. F. & A. M., and is also a member of the Regular Bap- tist Church. His amiable companion is an active worker in the Methodist Churcii, of which she has been a member for a number of years. "^ OHN W. RUSHING was born at his present home in Burnside Township, Johnson County, to Abraham W. Rushing, who was a native of Kentucky, born in 1824, and the son of Nathan Rushing, a native of Tennessee and a farmer. Grandfather Rushing was an earlj- settler in this section of Illinois, coming here not long after 1840. He came here from Middle Ten- nessee with his one yoke of oxen and covered wagon, bringing but little money, with which he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of wild land, about one mile from the house in which John W. Rushing now lives. On this land he made a permanent home, clearing about one hun- dred acres, and at first building one of the prim- itive style log cabins, in which he lived some time, and then erecting a one and one-half story hewed-log house, in which he lived the rest of his days. He was married twice. His first wife, by whom he had three sons and one daughter, dying in Kentucky, he was married again in Ken- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 385 tucky, this time to Miss Mary Veal, of tliat State, who bore lum three sons aud four dauglitei-s. He died on his farm in the year 1865, aged seventy- two years; his widow survived him twenty-five years, and died in 1890, at the age of seventy years. Abraham W. Rustling was brought up on tlie farm, and he married Sarah Campbell, of Ken- lucky. Soon after their marriage Mr. Rushing and his wife came to Illinois, settling in Johnson County- earlj- in the '50s. He settled on one hundred and twenty acres of land, of which John W. now has eight}' acres. This land was then new and for tlic most part heavily timbered, so he first cleared a spot on which to build a log cabin, and in which they lived some years. He paid $50 out of the proceeds of his first crop of tobacco for the land on which the}' made their permanent home, and b}' hard work and economy accumu- lated a valuable estate. They buried in infancy two sons and two daugliters, and also saw their llrst-born son, Valentine, consigned to the dust when he was but fifteen years old, and J. M. at the age of twenty-two, a teacher by profession, and a bright, scholarly young man, who received his education at Ewing College. V. M. died at the age of twenty-three years. This young man was also a student of Ewing College and Metropolis. The untimely deaths of these two bright young men, which were caused by consumption, were a matter of general regret. The next to pass away was Eliza, wife of J. P. Vancleve, who also died of consumption, at the age of twenty-one. The sur- vivors of the family are John W., and Roland D., who IS a farmer of this vicinity. These two sons had excellent opportunities for securing an educa- tion, but finally made choice of farming as their vocation in life. John W. was married at the age of twenty-two years to Martha E. Reed, a daughter of J. M. and OIlie (Robison) Reed, who came from Kentucky to Illinois at an early da}', and it was on their farm in Riunside Township that this daughter was born. Mr. and Mrs. Rushing have lost one little daughter, Minnie, aged three years, and have living one daughter, Luella, aged fourteen, who is a bright student, and has fine musical talent, which the parents are permitting to be developed. She is taking lessons both in vocal and instru- menUil music. IMr. Rushing is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Eellows' lodge, and both he and his wife are consistent members of the Baptist Church. Politically, he is a true and lo3'al Republican. His business is that of general farming, and he also has a steam threshing-ma- chine and a gristmill at Ozark, his brother being in company willi him in tiie two last-named inter- ests. Y I AMES H. AVELTY, now living on a ninety- acre farm on section 31, Burnside Town- ship, was born in Williamson Count}-, 111. in 1847. His father, William Welty, was born in the same county, and was a son of Jacob Welty, who was of German parentage and birth, and came from Germany to this part of Illinois at an early day. He then went to California, in 1859, where he is still living, and is now in his ninety-third year. His wife was Mary Keister, who died in California in February, 1892, at ninety-one years of age, and she was the mother of a large family, of whom but three are now living: James, Lewis and Jane, the latter the wife of Sam- uel Taylor, a farmer of this part of Illinois. The sons are in California. William B. Welty, father of our subject, was a Virginian by birth and grew up a poor or- phan boy. He married Miss Hannah Alexander of Tennessee, daughter of Gideon and Elizabeth (Boram) Alexander, and came to Illinois in an early day from Tennessee. He died in 1865 of malarial fever on his own good farm in William- son County, supposed to be one hundred years old. His wife died in middle age leaving five sons and five daughters, but one of whom is now living, Wilson Alexander, a farmer of Tunnel Hill. James R. Welty was ln'ougiit up on a farm and had but three months' schooling, but he has since become able to read and write. He lived at home 386 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. until he was twenty-five years of age, and was married December 12, 1872, to Ann Wise, daugh- ter of Ira and C^atliarine (Ilowarton) Wise. The former was from North Carolina, and died in 1877, at fiftj'-three years of age, and the hitter was from Tennessee, and still survives. Our sub- ject and his wife came to Illinois at an early day and were married in this Stale. Mr. and Mrs. Welty liave buried one infant daughter, Laura E., and iiave five children living, viz: William Ira, nineteen years old; Robert A., seventeen; Thomas II., thirteen; Lewis A., ten, and Nannie Belle, live years of age. The parents of these children, realizing the value of education, are doing their best to give their children the best of advantages in this particular. Mr. Welty has been a stanch Republican ail his life, and carries on a general farming business, but is not very strong, having been some years ago overheated. His older chil- dren therefore have the burden of the farm work thrown on them, but they are kind and dutiful, discharging their obligations faithfully and intel- ligently. Our subject is a highly respected citi- zen, an indulgent father, a good neighbor, and a valuable acquaintance. \I^ ON. H. ROBERT FOWLER, of Elizabeth- iT jl town, is a son of Josiah W. Fowler, origin- /4W^ ally from Virginia, and later a farmer in (^) Tennessee, who came to Illinois in 1850, and settled in Pope County. Here he bought one hundred and twenty .acres of unimproved timber land, built a house upon it and proceeded to im- prove it. In Tennessee he was married to Pen- elope Jennings, a native of North Carolina, whose father was from Dublin, Ireland. Mr. Fowler im- proved the farm he bought in Pope County, and resided upon it until Ins death, in 1874, his widow surviving him until 1802, dying in Pope County. By his marriage with Miss Jennings, Mr. Fowler became the father of twelve children. viz: Nancy A., wife of William Walters; George W.; and Sarah J., wife of James Lockaby, of Ed- dyville, all of Pope Connt3-; II. Robert; John C, County Superintendent of education of Stewart Count}', Tenn.; Joseph A., Attorney-at-law, of Denver, Colo.; Martha L, who married Fields Rumsey, a farmer of Pope County; Francis and Newton L., students at Nashville IMedical College; and throe others, who died in infancy. j II. Robert Fowler was the fourth child, was born in Pope Count}', and was brought up on the farm, receiving a good common-school education when a boy. He subsequently attended the Nor- mal State University, at Normal, 111., graduating in 1877, after which he began the practice of law in 1884, having graduated from the law school of the Michigan University. Previous to all this, however, he was a successful school teacher, hav- ing been Principal of the schools at P^lizabetli- town and Cave in Rock, serving in the latter place in this capacity five years. In 1888 he was elected State's Attorney, and at the election of 1892 he was chosen to represent his district in the State Legislature. Politically, Mr. Fowler is a Democrat, and a member of the ilasonic frater- nity. Our subject was married February 12, 1892, to Mary E. GrifHth, who was originally from Indi- ana, thence removed to Kentucky, and from that State came to Illinois. Her father and mother are both living in Hardin County. The former served in the Mexican AVar, and the latter was Catherine C. Bryant, from Keutuck}'. During Mr. B'owler's term as State's Attorney he sent Edward C. Kelley to the penitentiary for life, for the murder of Gus A. Craiger, and also sentenced Kelley 's wife to the penitentiary for fourteen years. She was the only woman ever sent to the penitentiary from Hardin County, and Kelley is the only man ever sent from the county for life. Mr. Fowler con- victed more men of crime during his term of office than had any prior State's Attorney. He is a very strong and active Democrat and is very useful to his party, especially during campaigns, since he is an effective stump orator, a logical rca- soncr and a genial gentleman. During the cam- paign of 1892 he made fifty speeches, stumping a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 387 district of fifteen counties. He is also an unusu- ally successful l.Twyer, as his career as State's At- torne}' testifies, and it is not too nuuth to sa3- that he has made iiis district a creditable and useful Representative in the Legislature of the State. He was previous to iiis career as law3-er a most suc- cessful teacher, and drilled numerous classes of teachers in normal work, many of whom were em- plojcd in Hardin and surrounding counties, and were made efficient under his instruction. As a nienilier of the Legislature he has steadily' fougiit for honest legislation, and h.as ably advocated the cause of tiie common people. He was made Chair- man of the Committee to investigate the railroad dis.aster at Warren, 111., and prepared four bills to prevent similar dis.asters, among which was a Co- employe Bill, which has attracted the attention of tlie public. His bill for uniformity of school- books is one of the most important bills of the session, and lias given Mr. Fowler a State reputa- tion. He is an able advocate of economy-, and lias been styled by the Legislature the "watch- dog of the State treasury." ^TL OX. LSAAC A. .1. PARKER, who lives in iT jl, tlie city of Vienna, Johnson Count}', was JW^ born in Tishomingo County, Miss., October ^ 27, 1840. His father, Moses D. Parker, w:is boi'n, it is thought, in Giles County, Tenn., to Edniond Parker, wlio, it is believed, was a native of North Carolina and of English ancestry'. His father, that is the great-grandfather of the Hon. Isa.ac A. .1. Parker, was a pioneer of Bowling Green, Ky., who reared three sons: Edmond, William and David. E^draond Parker, tlie grand- father of our subject, removed from Howling Green, K}-., to Giles County, Tenn., and from there to McXairy County, where he lived the rest of his life. Moses D. Parker was reared in Ten- nessee and, went from that State to Lawrence County, .Ma., where lie was married. His advan- tages for securing an education, as maj' be inferred from the section of country in which he lived at that time, were somewhat limited, but he com- menced when a young man teaching school and studying privately until he iiad acquired consid- erable knowledge on si)eeial and geueral subjects. He afterward removed to Mississippi, where he con- tinued the same course of life for some time, and also served there in Tippah County as Tax Asses- sor and County Surve^^or. He was a resident of that, county when the war broke out. However, loyal to the Union, he joined the P^leventh Illi- nois Cavalry July 1'2, 1862, at Bethel, Tenn., serv- ing the cause until his death, which. occurred No- vember 30, 1863. The maiden name of the mother of the Hon. Isaac Parker was Louisa Elizabeth .lackson, who was a native of Lawrence County, Ala., and a daughter of James and Rebecca (Weathers) Jack- son, of North Carolina. She is still living and resides with her daughter, Mrs. O. I'. Miller, in Johnson Count}-, aged seventy-four years. She has had fifteen children, eight of whom reached maturity. The Hon. Isaac A. J. Parker was reared and educated in Tippah County, Miss., and resided there until the breaking out of the war, when, the family being all strong sympathisers with the cause of the Union, their property was cf)nfiscated and they were compelled to leave the SUite. On the 7th of October, 1862, Mr. Parker joined the Hatcher scouts at Corinth, Miss., and served until the com- pany was honorably discharged, after which he en- listed in the Mississippi Rangers, which were soon afterward incorporated with the First Alabama Cavalry. He was commissioned First Lieutenant and served as such until the expiration of his term of enlistment, January 8, 1864, when he served a few months as recruiting officer at Memphis, Tenn. In January, 1865, he removed to Illinois and set- tled in Johnson County, purcli.asing a farm near Vienna, which he has occupied continuously ever since. He commenced teaching .school in Missis- sippi when seventeen years of age, and continued to follow that profession until the breaking out of the war. Soon after locating in Johnson County, he rosuined his former vocation and taught school 388 PoUTKArr AM) lil()(;KAl'IIICAL KKVIEW. a portion of each year for nineteen years. In 1858 he was converted and joined the Christian Ciiurch at Hickory Klats, Miss., and in 1882 was ordained a preacher in tliat denomination. In December, 1891, our subject engaged in tlie sale of agricultural implements, wagons, carriages, musical instruments, etc., and during all this time he has superintended the improvement and culti- vation of his farm. In 18.08 he married Miss Je- mima J. Clary, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Charles) Clary. Jlr. and Mrs. Parker have had ten children, viz: Charles Ad- dison, Lucas E., Augustus N., Lilly A., Mary Oma, Willis A., IJeycrly E., Olive Ethel, Alice Myrtle, and Miletus, deceased. Mr. Parker is a Democrat in politics and in 1888 was elected a member of the Thirty-sixth General Assembly of tlie State of Illi- nois, in which he served with Bdelity and dis- tinction. Since then he has been content to re- main in a private station and to give his atten- tion to his own personal affairs. i>-^M^^ FRANCIS F. BEAMES, residing in township 11, range 5, Johnson Countj% was born in Whitley County, Ky., February 1, 1835. His father was William Beames, born in the same county, and was a farmer by occupation, as was also his father before him, James Beames, who was prob- ably born in Scotland, and was certainly of Scotch parents. Grandfather Beames was married in Scot- land, and he and his wife were among the pioneer settlers of Whitley Count}', Ky., where they were pros|)erous people, and well known. They reared a family of eight children, three sons and five daughters, and both died in that county, Mr. Beames at the great age of one hundred and two years, Mrs. Beames a little later, at the age of eighty-five years. William Beames was the third child of this family, and married Miss Martha, a daughter of Frank and Nancy Faulkner, of Tennessee. The parents of our subject came from Kentucky to southern Illinois in the fall of 1852 in regular em- igrant style, with their team and wagons. Tliey had three covered wagons and a two-horse buggy. They brought with them their entire family of nine children, five sons and four daughters, of whom our subject is the fourth son and seventh child in order of birth. They first settled in Pope County, where they bought eighty acres of land. Mr. Beames died soon afterward at the age of fift}-- three j'ears, near Gleudale, Pope County. His widow lived on the eighty-acre farm until her death, in February, 1888, at the age of eighty-two years. Of this large family but three survive, our subject and two of the daughters, who are Melinda, widow of Thomas Williams, a farmer of Johnson County, and Han- nah, widow of Joseph Fox, who is residing on her farm in Union Township. Francis F. Beames was educated in the subscrip- tion schools of Kentucky, in a rude log cabin of the times. He attended school a few months each year until he was fourteen, and on attaining his eighteenth year left home and worked at various occupations for some years. He then went to Cal- ifornia across the plains, and was a stock-herder there for about three years, at $70 per month. He remained in California about four years, and then returned to Pope County, 111., where he has been successfully engaged in farming ever since. He was married to Mary M. Dent, of .Jackson County, Ala., a daughter of James and Fanny (Lisles) Dent, who came from Alabama to southern Illinois about 1854. Mr. Dent was a volunteer in 1861 in Company H, Thirtj'-first Illinois Infantr}', serving as a private, and was killed May 22, 1862, before Vicksburg. His wife died January 15, 1863, leav- ing three daughters: Mary, wife of Mr. Beames; Elizabeth, wife of Morgan Bryant, a farmer of Hardin County; and Lucinda, wife of Mack Led- better, a farmer of Pope County. Mr. and Mrs. Beames, soon after their marriage, bought eighty acres of timber land for S600, with a small log cabin on it, into which they moved and lived for a year or two. Our subject now owns one hundred and ten acres of land, eighty-five of which are under a high state of cultivation, and are devoted to general farming. He and his wife have lost one infant son and one daughter, and have three sons and three daughters living, namely: PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 389 Joseph, a farmer of Hardin County; William, un- married and at lionie; Telford, a young man; Cor- delia; Art}', a miss of twelve years; and Liilie, aged eight, all at home, boeiall}' Mr. Bearaes is an Odd Fellow and a Democrat, and he and his wife aie members of the General Baptist Church. Tiie latter belongs to Reliecca Lodge, holding memliersliip willi Slonoforl Lodge No. 731. •^^• •^ i|l OllN L. NEWTON was boni in Pope County, 111., August 24, 1853, and is now located in township 12, range 6, of this county. His ^^^ father, Isaac Newton, was of English an- cestry-, and his great-giandfather was also named .lohn. He came from England with his brother Isaac, the former settling in South Carolina, and the latter in North Carolina. John Newton had a son, Joseph, who was the grandfather of John L., our subject, and two other sons, one of whom was Isaac. Joseph Newton married Ann Stephens, of North Carolina, and reared a famil}' of eight chil- dren, four sons and four daughters, viz: John, Martin, Joseph, Isaac, Sally, Rebecca, Nancy and Elizabeth. The latter died when a young lady, and the others became heads of large families, but are all decea-sed. Joseph Newton was a Baptist minister of the Old School, and a farmer by occu- pation. He was born about 17G0, and was a substi- tute soldier in the Revolutionary army, at the age of sixteen years fighting in the battle of the Cow- pens; he also participated in the march of the Bloody Trail from King's Jlountain to Guilford Court House. The maternal grandfather of John L. Newton was John Murphy, who was a comrade in the war with Joseph Newton. The latter was also in the Florida Indian War, but never received a pen- sion. He was brought up in the South, where he always lived except during the latter years of his life, and was at one time wealthy, but died a poor man either in Williamson or Johnson County, 111., at a verj' great age, and his wife died a few years later, also very old. Isaac Newton, the youngest sou of the famil}', was born Jul}' 12, 1808, in South Carolina, and chose as his wife Miss Phoebe Murph}-, who was born December 25, 1811, in Tennessee. She was brought to Illi- nois l)y licr parents when she was seven 3ears of age, in 1818, just before the State was admitted into the I'nion. Isaac Newton, the father of John L., had come to the Territor}' of Illinois with his parents some years before, when he was a small boy. He was a great hunter and an excellent shot, and had plentj- of opportunity to hunt and to ex- ercise his skill as a marksman, for there were all kinds of wild game and wild beasts in the woods at that time. In one day he killed seven deer on a still hunt, which was the best record in that part of the country, with the exception of that of a Mr. Henderson, who killed eight, which he took home as a proof of his skill. Isaac Newton and Phivbe ;\Iurphy were married March 28, 1828, at the home of the bride. Mrs. Murphj' was then a widow, living on a squatter's claim, for which Isaac obtained a deed at the land office at Shawneetown, paying $1.25 per acre for one hundred and twent}- acres of land. Afterward he bought and secured a deed for eighty acres more at twelve and a-half cents per acre, which deed is now in the possession of John L. Newton and his eldest brother. Green. The father of our subject died November 15, 18G3, at the age of lift\'-five years, and his widow died December 23, 1889, at the age of seventy-eight years, leaving eight chil- dren, three sons and five daughters, viz: Rebecca, now Mrs. William Rose; Juliette, now Mrs. J. S. Barger; Sarah, wlio married William S. Barger; Amanda, wife of George Petty; Angeline, now Mrs. J. W. Brockett, of White County; Green B., a farmer occupying a portion of the home farm; James K., a fanner on an adjoining farm; and John L. Our subject obtained a fair education in his youth, and has ever been a great and careful reader, so that he is now a well-informed man. He was reared on the home farm until his twentieth j'ear, when he went to Missouri and Arkansas, where he engaged in various kinds of business for some time, depending principally on the products of his 390 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, well-kept farm for si livelihood, lie inanii'il in Cliristian County, III., May o, 1H81, l\Ii.ss Maiy C. Nemyer, of Ohio, duughtei- of Christ and Kred- erica (Taskmeyer) Nemyer, both of Germany, and who came from Hanover to the United Stetes in 1851. The former had served in the German army previously to coming to this country. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Newton settled at their present home farm in Polk Precinct, Pope County, 111., locating on section 18, on an eighty- acre farm. Of their family of four children, one infant son has died; the other three sons are living, viz: Albert Earl, ten years old; Isaac Elvin, aged eight years; and Chris Leroy, who is four years old. The two older ones are in school and are doing fairly well in their studies. Mr. Newton has al- ways voted the Democratic ticket, and was elected Justice of the Peace in 1892. He is engaged in general farming, raising the ordinary crops of corn, wheat, oats, hay and potatoes, and he also keeps a few cattle and hogs for his own use. Though his parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Mr. Newton believes it best to be entirely free from confmement of any kind, consequently he is not a memlier of any church or society. JOHN C. CALDWELL, who has been a mer- chant of New Burnside for the past eighteen years, was born in Haywood Count}', N. C, April 21, 1829. His father was Robert Caldwell, a native of the same State, a farmer, who came with his wife and family to Illinois in 1849. He was in moderate circumstances at that time, and upon reaching Illinois first located in Will- iamson County, taking up eighty acres of timber- land belonging to the Government. They lived in a rude log cabin several years, and then sold out and bought forty acres of land, upon which they lived some time. After several moves they finally came to Johnson County, about 1853, where they lived with their children until their death, the mother dying about one month before tlie fa- ther, he dying April I, 1864, in his sixty-third year. They biirii'd two daughters, one of whom died in infancy-, and .lane, tiie fii-st-boin, wife of Thomas Mount. Since the death of Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, a son, A. J., has also died in Jolinson County past middle age, leaving a widow and seven children. The other members of this family are: William, who died in Kentucky in June, 1888, aged sixty-two years, leaving eight children; Mary Ann, wife of B. S. Smith, who died in Vienna Township in De- cember, 1862, in middle age, leaving one son; Eu- nice E.. wife of H. T. Taj'lor, who died in Johnson County in June, 1889, aged about forty years, leaving eight children; and Elizabeth, wife of Sol- omon White, who died at Creal Springs, Williamson County, in February, 1892, aged fifty-four years, leaving three children. Those living are: John C, sixty-three years of age; Robert Caldwell, sixty- t3'-seven years old, who is a farmer of West Plains, Howell County, Mo.; C. H. Caldwell, a minister of the Missionary Baptist Church in Burnside Township; and Caroline, widow of James Smith, living in Arkansas. John C. Caldwell had no school- ing in his youth, and in his twentieth year mar- ried Martha Pittman, of Calloway County, Ky., a daughter of William and Peggy (Parks) Pittman. Her parents were farmers, and came to Illinois in 1849, settling in Williamson County, where they lived roost of their lives. The farm which they bought upon coming to Illinois was sold some time afterward, and the family removed to Indiana, but after two years' residence in that State, they re- turned to Illinois, where the mother died in March, 1874, aged sixty-two years. The father died in 1877, aged sixty-six. They had two sous and five daughters, of whom there are now five living. John C. Caldwell began domestic life in Will- iamson County on (Jovernment land, upon which he made some improvement, but sold out after- ward. He then bought and sold deeded land un- til 1854, when he bought one hundred and sixty acres in Williamson County under the graduation act. Upon this farm he lived twenty years, im- proving it very much, and clearing up one hun- dred acres. In 1874 he sold out and removed to New Burnside, then just starting. In August, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 391 1862, Mr. Caldwell enlisted as a private soldier in Company 1, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry-, but he was discharged August 17, 18G3, on account of disability caused b}- chronic diar- rlui-a. He came home expecting to die, but re- covered, though never since having had good health, and it was for this reason that in 1874 he left the farm and moved into town. Upon remov- ing to Xew Burnside he bought a store and lot, upon which he built a house, and opened a general store conducting it for ten or eleven years. After a time he sold out and bought a farm, upon which he lived three years, when this tract was sold, and our subject removed to New Burnside, where he entered the mercantile business, buying out the liusiness of Richard Bushings. In February, 18y"2, he was one of the large sufferers by the lire which swept the little village, his loss amounting to ^1,000 more than his insurance. In the following April he again began merchandising in the new store erected on the site of the old one, and is now in company with his son, J. D., with whom he is doing a fine and prosperous business. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell buried one infant son, and have nine children living, namely: Robert W., vvho is a farmer on the old home farm, where he was reared, and has a wife and seven children; Andrew Jack- son, who has a wife and seven children; Willis A., a farmer of Williamson County, who has a wife and five children; John C, a farmer with a wife and five children; J. D., in business with his father, who has a wife and one son; California, wife of J. E. Miscelle, who has five children; John Ann, born June 22, 1863, when her father was in the army, wiio is still living at home, and was named for boUi lier father and tnotlier; Mary Magdalene, wife of S. S. Miscll; and Tinna Belle, a young woman of eighteen years, living at home. These children have all been well educated, especially the younger members of the family. Mr. Caldwell has been School Director much of his life, and appreciates the value of education. He is a Master Mason, and a member of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church, in which he takes great interest, and is happy that all his children but one have embraced the same faith that he enter- tains. He and his son are doing a fair amount of business, and have won the confidence of the jieo- ple of this vicinity by fair dealing and courteous manners. There is not a saloon in New Burnside, nor is any intoxicating liquor sold within its lim- its. 1^^^- iHOMAS H. STUBBS, County Superinten- dent of public instruction for Hardin County is a son of Thom.as S. Stubbs, who was born in England, and came to this county about 1830. He was a machinist and blacksmith b^' trade, hav- ing learned his trade in London, England, and came to this country by steamer, landing in New York. He went first to Evansvillc and there built the first blacksmith shop of any size or importance in that now large and flourishing city. He lived there until the death of liis father, and then re- moved to Rollo, DeKalb County, 111., where he continued to work at his trade, and w.as there mar- ried to Elizabeth Clark, a native of ^'irgiuia. Af- ter remaining there about three years he removed to Oallatia, Saline County, and thence to Princeton, Ky. He afterward removed to Saratoga, Ky., and thence to Eddyvillc, the same State, where his wife died. At all these places he followed his trade, and after the death of his wife, whom he buried in 1874, he removed to Cave in Rock, Hardin County, and there followed his trade. He was married there to M.agdalena Smith, and removed to Elizabethtown, where he again followed his trade until his death. He was thoroughly versed in his work, and was an unusually good mechanic. He had three children by his first marriage, viz: Thomas H.; Alice, wife of (x. Jennings, of Tennessee; and George, who died at Cave in Rock. He also had three children by his second marriage. Thomas H. Stubbs, who was the first cliihl by the first marri.age, was born on Christmas Eve, 1862, at Rollo, III. He lived at home until he was tivelve years old, when his mother died, and he was bound out to William Wallace, of Kentucky, for whom he worked and received private instruction from a tutor in the familv. At the age of fifteen he went 392 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL KKN IKW. to work as a porter in tlie ilrug store of Dr. Ayres in Elizabethlown, and being a faithful and couipe- lent buy, honest and industrious, he was made a clerk at the end of six months. After being -tliere one year he tilled all prescriptions, and attended to all the business of the firm. Besides the in- struction received as mentioned above, he also at- tended for a time Princeton College, and being an apt and ready student he acquired under all his dis- advantages a greater degree of knowledge than was to have been expected. He afterward went to UoUo and became engaged in the drug store of a half-brother, where he proved himself fully com- petent and reliable, and worked one year. He then went to Cave in Rock and worked on a farm six months for John Mitchell. He later attended normal drill, managed by Prof. Fowler, whose biographical memoir is elsewhere introduced into this work, and after being engaged in general farm work for six months he was again under tlie instruction of Prof. Fowler. Being then qualified to teach, he taught his first school at Peters Creek, Hardin County, at $35 per month, remaining in this school four terms, and receiving increased wages, being well liked as a good instructor and a fine disciplinarian. He next taught at Harris Creek three terms, when he vvas culled to the principalship of the schools at Cave in Rock. In the meantime Mr. Stubbs had taken much in- terest in politics, and while teaching in Bassett he took an active part in the Presidential campaign of 1884, making thirty-two speeches during that time. Being a convincing speaker, strong in argu- ment and of pleasing address, he was much sought after, and was one of the most successful of the young orators of the State. In 1886, he was ap- pointed mail agent on the route from Evans ville to Paducah, remaining in this position until the close of President Cleveland's administration, when he was of course relieved. He then resumed school teaching, and also at the same time read law with Hon. Lewis F. Plater. He was nominated in 1890 on the Democratic ticket for County Superinten- dent of public instruction, and was elected, holding the office ever since and being a very efficient of- ficer. Our subject was married in 188;i to Henrietta Ralph, a native of Illinois, by whom he has three children, viz: George Edward, Arthur and Ethel, all at home. He is a member of the Methodist Ei)iscopal Church, while Mrs. Stubbs is inclined to adhere to the tenets and doctrines of the Baptist denomination. He is now studying law witli the Stale's Attorney, R. F. Taylor, with whom he has formed a partnership, and this bids fair to be a very strong legal firm. Mr. Stubbs is vevy intelligent and gentlemanly, and being possessed in a large measure of the qualifications necessary to con- stitute a lawyer, it is but just to expect of him a marked career. It may be doubted whether there is any part of the country where more young men start out in life as school teachers than in southern Illinois, make that profession a success, and then transfer their activities to the law, making that also a success, greater if an3'thing than that of an in- structor. Mr. Stubbs is one of those numerous cases and was a superior teacher, made himself a success in that field of labor, and to his natural en- dowments has by industry and application (|uali- fied himself for the distinguished career in the law which all his friends confidently anticipate. S^+^i EZKKIAH F. MORSE, a i)romiuent farmer of Pope Count)-, who lias resided on his present one hundred and fifty-six acre farm in section 6, township 11, Polk Pre- cinct, for the past thirteen years, was born near his present home January 8, 1844. His father, John Morse, was born in South Carolina in 181.') and was a son of John Morse, who was probably from Georgia. He was a farmer and a preacher of the Regular Baptist Church, for which he labored some twenty j'ears. He came to southern Illinois, locating in what is now Pope County, in 1825, bringing with him a family of three children, and afterward became the father of nine more. Of the children eight were sons and four were daughters. John, the father of our subject, w.as the third child and second son in order of birth, and became PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 393 a well-informed and well-to-do man for the times ill which lie lived. He died .it the .tge of seventy- five ye.irs,at hisson David's home near Edd^'ville, 111. The mother of our subject was Xaucy I>uck- ner, of Saline County, 111. Siie and her husband had twelve children, five sods and seven daughters. llezekiah F. is the tliird child and first son. The parents of these children died in Union Pre- cinct, the mother at forty-seven 3'eai's of age and the father in his seventieth year. The latter, however, was married twice, and b^- his last wife had three sons and two daughters. Those living of the first family are as follows: Polly Ann, wife of George Shuflfelbarger; llezekiah F.; Maria, wife of Philip Meier; Ilarvej-, a farmer of Polk Pre- cinct; Elizabeth, wMfe of Isa.ac Moyers; Sylvester, a farmer of I'nion Precinct; Amanda, a maiden lady; David L., a farmer; and Lucinda, Mrs. Luker. Of the second family there are living the following: Richard, unmarried; Celia, wife of Moses Ilill; Cordelia, a young lady who isathome with her widowed mother; .Jacob and Uriali. llezekiah F. Morse received but little education in ciiildhood but li.as obtained a fair knowledge of books since he became a man. He was married at the age of twenty-five years to Eliza Ann Jackson, who was born in Tennessee and was a daughter of Ephraini J.ackson, who came to Illinois, settling in Hardin Count}' in the 3'ear 18G2, coming from Hamilton County, Tenn. His demise occurred in l»(i2 and he left his widow with four children, three sons and a daugliter. Mrs. Morse's mother now resides on her farm in Pope County, the wife of Jonathan Morse. Our subject and his wife have lived on a farm in this county ever since their marriage. All their cliildren arc living, seven sons and three daugh- ters, viz: Madison E., a school teacher, who is married; Charles W., at home on the farm and at- tending school; Lemuel P., who at this writing (18tt3) is seventeen years old; Mel vin O., fifteen years of age; Mason 15., thirteen; Elbert IL, eleven; Melvina, nine; Eflielbert O., seven; Lillj' L., four; and Ik'lva S., one and a-half years old. Mv. Morse is a Republican in politics, while in religious mat- ters he is a member of the Methodist Church, in which he is a Trustee. He carries on general farming and is giving his children the best education he can, knowing that it will be invaluable to them in after years. Mr. and Mrs. Morse are both still hearty and strong, and with their fine family of bright, active and promising children are ver}' happy and look forward with the most cheering anticipations to lives of honor and usefulness for their children. fli'OSIAH WHITNEL, M. D., wlio has for the past fort}' years been a successful farmer and a prominent phj'sician, living on his ^f^f^ present farm on section 32, in Burnside Township, Johnson County, was born in Caldwell County, Ky., in 1824. His father, John Whitncl, was a farmer and physician, and was born in Maury Count}', Tenn. He was a son of Jnsiah Whitnel and his wife, the latter of whom was a Miss Knox. Josiah Whitnel was an Irish weaver, and reared three sons and three daughters, of whom John was the eldest son. John Whitnel was married to Mary Reynolds, daughter of Charles and Mary (McAnally) Ladd, of Scotland, as ap- pears by the record in an old English Bible pur- ehiised in 1762 for 86, the record having been made by Charles Mc.A.nalIy, the owner of this an- cient volume. This Bible was printed in Edin- burgh, Scotland, in 1756, during the reign of George HI. Charles McAnally was the maternal great-grandfather of our subject, and the record is written with a quill pen in the plainest old Eng- lish style. Josiah Whitnel, our subject, wiis reared on a farm near Murray. Calloway County, Ky., and in his boyhood days had the advantages of a good schooling in the common English branches in sub- gcription and select schools. His parent* had seven children, and reared five sous and one daughter, of whom Dr. Whitnel was the third and only surviving son. All five sons were grad- uates of the Louisville Medical College. The mother of these children died in 1811, at the age of forty-three years. The father lived many years ;394 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. a widower, and dii'd in \'ienii;i at the age of scv- entj'-two, at llie home of iiis son, David T. Jo- siab was the first of tiiis family to come to Illi- nois, in the spring of 1852. He had then com- menced the practice of medicine with his father, who was carrying on a lucrative business. He came alone on his horse and first located at old Reynoldsburgh. He was married in 1856 to Miss iSusan E., daughter of Samuel W. and Rebecca (McCarty) Miller, the former from Ken tuck}', and the latter from Pennsylvania. Mrs. Whituel was born in Monlgomerj' County, Ky., in 1832, and came to Illinois in 1856 a bride. The Doctor and his wife were reared in the same neighborhood and he went back for her, re- turning in his buggy instead of on horseback, as bifoie. lie had alread_y built and furnished a house on an eighty-acre piece of ground near where he now lives, and at the time of his mar- riage had but $85 in money, his horse and a small store of medicines. The}' lived in this first home some eight or ten years, when he sold it, and later purchased eighty acres, which are now part of his present farm. From time to time since then he lias bought more land, until at the present time he owns four hundred and fifty acres. He built his [iresent commodious frame dwelling in 1863. It is a typical Kentucky farm house, or cottage, one and a-hair stories high, 50x18 feet in size, with a 36-foot L, and a fine large porch in the cen- ter. Here they have lived and reared four chil- dren, two sons and two daughters, namel}-: John L., a practicing physician at home and unmarried; Mary R., wife of M. E. Mozley,a farmer and stock- raiser in Grantsburg Township, and who has one son and one daughter; David T., a young man at home, a farmer, who is not inclined to the pro- fession of his ancestors, but whose hobby is me- chanics, and who owns a steam threshing-machine, which he runs each fall; and Miss Lizzie. All the children are being educated in the best schools of this section and at Carbondalc. The parents of these children have buried one son, an infant, named George William. The Doctor has always been a Democrat in politics, and was appointed Surgeon of the One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry in 1862, lull left the regiment at Springfield, 111. His brother, Daviil T. Wliitnel, was Surgeon (jf the Thirty-first Illinois Regiment from the breaking out of the war until after the battle of Vicksbuig, when he took the yellow fever and came home, lie died within one and one-half years, leaving a widow and two children. His brother, Constan- tine L., who w.as a practitioner in (ioreville Town- ship, died there in the prime of life, leaving one son and three daughters, and Robert died near Belknap on his farm. He was a physician and was forty-six years old at the time of his death. He left one son and four daughters to mourn his de- mise. Dr. Whitnel is a Royal Arch Mason, hav- ing joined the fraternity at the age of twenty- nine years, and he has a relic and souvenir left him by his father in the shape of a cane, cut .Tan- uar}' 9, 1815, at New Orleans, from the stem of a p.'ilm tree the next day after the battle of New Orleans, Dr. Whitnel's father being a private sol- dier under Gen. Jackson at that time. Our subject has from his earliest manhood been one of the most important factors in the promo- tion of local enterprises and public improvements, and, as a progressive citizen of high integrity, has worthily won the confidence and regard of a large circle of old-time friends and acquaintances. He is resolved to keep in touch with the latest results of scientific research and all progressive ideas in relation to the treatment and prevention of disease. -^^^|-^-t«^#^l AMES M. REID, a resident of Burnside Township, Johnson County, was born in , ,, . Hardeman County, Tenn., in 1828. He is (^^ a brother of William L. Reid, whose bio- graphical sketch, together with mention of the par- ents, is to be found elsewhere in this volume. James M. was the fourth son and fifth child in or- der of birth, and was reared and educated at home. He was married in Calloway County, Ky., when in his twenty-fourth year. iSlaieli 17, 1851, to Miss PORTRAIT AND BlOGRAl'IIICAL REVIEW. 395 Ollie E. Robinson, a sister of bis brother's first wife. Tills couple came to .lolinson County, 111., one year after their marriage, reaching here on the da^' of tlieir first wedding anniversarj'. The>- came tiirougU with two j-oke of oxen, and brought with them all their effects in a large covered wagon. Our subject raised one crop on his brother's claim of (Tovernment land, and then bought a claim of a settler for ^I.'jO, all of which was gold excepting a ?!10 bill. He pre-empted eighty acres with a land warrant of the .lacksonian War, and at the end of six years added one hundred and twenty acres more Government land, making in all two hun- dred acres, which lie sold in the year 1858, realizing more than 81.200. With the nione}' he bought two hundred acres,which comprises his jiresent farm, for * 1,4 (10. there being on it some little improve- ment. The house was originally a hewed-log one, in which the family still lives, having improved it by clapboarding on the outside and ceiling on the inside, which makes it a substantial and comfort- able house. Our subject and his estimable wife have had six sons .and six daughtei-s, of whom five sons and three daughters are living. The deceased ones are, IMatilda. wife of A. P. Hdllowa}^ a Methodist min- ister of Pope County, and one son and two daugh- ters who died in infancy. Those living are, Nancy P., wife of William E. Chitwood, a school teacher, who has six children; J. T., a farmer living near his father's farm, who has two sons; Maiy .7., wife of B. M. Holloway, who has two sons; Martha, wife of J. W. Rushing, who h.as one daughter; J. ])., a farmer of Po[)e County, and also a .Justice of the Peace, who li.is a wife and three sons; Robert Wes- ley, twentj'-three years old; Hugh F, twenty-one and William Y., seventeen; the last three children are unmarried and live at home. Mr. Rcid and his wife have both been members of the Jlethodist Church for more than fort3' years, in which they have worked faithfullj' and well, and the former has been a Class-leader. Charles G., brother of Mr. Reid of this sketch, is a farmer of Mass.ac County, where he is also engaged in shoe and harness making. Mr. Reed voted for Stephen A. Douglas for President in 1860, but has ever since that time been a Republican, except for the past few years, when he became a Pro- liil)itionist, and says he intends to support this re- form the rest of his life. Mr. Reid stands high in the estimation of the people of this vicinity, and all those bearing the name are looked upon as citizens of the best class. W^. ICHARD F. TAYLOR is a resident of Eliza- Ijisi^'' bethtown, Hardin Count3'-, and a son of its \y James P. Ta3-lor, a native of Ohio, who \i^came to Illinois at an earlj' da}- and settled on a farm in Pope County, where he followed farming and school teaching for several years. On May 20, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, be- ing mustered out of service at Chicago October 22, 1864. He was married to Catherine For- mault, by whom he had nine children, six of whom are still living, viz: Jonathan F., an attor- ney-!vt-lawat Carbondale, 111.; .Spencer B., a farmer of Pope County; Caleb M., a farmer of Pope County; Richard F.; William F., a physician of Poplar Bluff, Mo.; and Priscilla I., wife of Dan- iel Flannery. The parents of these children are both still living on their farm in Pope County. Richard F. Taylor was born in Pope County on the 5th of May, 1855. He w.as brought up on the farm, attending the public schools in the win- ter months, and began teaching school in the year 1873, in which he continued for five years, when he was appointed Principal of the High School in Elizabethtown. He studied law while teaching school, was admitted to the Bar in June, 1882, and at once began the jjractice of the law, giving his attention principally to criminal cases, being emplo^-ed in the famous Belt case. In 1802 he was elected State's Attorney for his county, which position he still retains. An important event occurred in the life of our subject when he was united in marriage in Octo- ber, 1884, to Miss MoUie Lcdbetter, a daughter of 396 I'OR TRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. .1. N. LiHlliolU'i, whose biography appears else- wlieif ill this volume. Two chiklren liave been born to tliem, viz: Eiiniec, whose birth took place .lune 11, 188G, and James N., born August 2;{, iXiM. In politics Mr. Taylor is a stanch Deino- I'lat, and Mrs. Taylor is a very earnest worker in the Sunday-school. This worthy couple have a host of sincere friends in this locality, and are widely known for their liospiiablc and friendly manner. <^ MLLIAM F. WIIITTENHERG, a prominent \rJl/ farmer of IJlooralield Township, was born VW ill Blount County, Tenn., October 25, 1831. His father, William Whittenberg, was born on the same farm, and the latter's father, Henry Whittenberg, was it is thought, born in Pennsylva- nia, of German ancestry. He removed fromPenn- .sylvania to Tennessee, and bought a tract of tim- ber land in Blount County, in the locality known as the Middle .Settlement, which he improved and lived upon for many years. He at length removed to Illinois, lived with his children, and died in this State a few years later, having reared a large fam- ily of children, all of whom except William settled ill AVashinglon County, III. The maiden name of his wife was Pate. Our subject was reared and married in his native State and in 1831 started on horseback to visit Ill- inois and there seek a location for a home. Reach- ing Illinois he visited his brother-in-law, but start- ing on his return trip he was in some way lost, and never again heard of, though his horse returned to the home of his brother-in-law. His wife was thus left a widow with nine children and in very limited circumstances, and in 1841, accompanied by her family, she removed to Henry County, Tenn., the removal being made by team. After living in Henry County two years she removed by means of oxen and a carl to Illinois, bringing with her all thr fuiiul\' and all her earthly possessions. She settled in what is now Grantsburg Township, Johnson County, and made a claim to a tract of (Government land, upon which she built a log cabin ; but, unable to pay *1.25 per acre for the land, she held it as a claim for a number of years, at the end of which time William P., by working on the Illi- nois Central Railroad, earned the money and paid for the land. Mrs. Whittenberg resided there un- til a short time before her death, and then lived with her children, and died at the home of the eldest son, John S., in Tunnel Hill Township, at the age of sixtj'-six j-ears. She reared nine children, viz: Polly A., John S., Sally D., Henry H., William P., Melinda, James, Matthew F. and Daniel W. William P. was twelve years old when his mother brought him to Illinois, where he was reared and educated in Johnson County. He began when very young to assist with farm work and lived with his mother until he was twenty-three years old, when he married and settled in Elvira Town- ship, where he purchased eighty acres of timber land, built a log house on the place and resided there until 1861. He then rented the farm and enlisted in Compan}' K, First Illinois Light Artil- lery, and served in that command three 3'ears and three months, in Tennessee, Mississippi and Ala- bama. He was wounded at Wolf River Bridge, Moscow, Tenn., in December, 186:5, and received a furlough home for fort^' days, which was afterward extended to one hundred daj'S. He then rejoined his regiment and was with it until December 10, 1864, when he was honorably discharged and re- turned home. In 1866 he settled on the farm he now owns and occupies. This farm contains one hundred and sixty-nine acres, on which he has erected a good set of frame buildings, and improved a great portion of his farm for general farming and stock-raising. Our subject was married in 1854 to Zana Evans, a native of Middle Tennessee, and a daughter of Thomas Evans. The lady survived but three years and died in 1857. In 1866, Mr. Whittenberg was m.arried to Martha A. (Crenshaw) Benson, who was born in Gallatin County, a daughter of Frederick Crenshaw. Mr. and ]\Irs. Whittenberg have six children, viz: William H., Daniel W., Ignatius M., Viola, James F. and Lulu PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArillCAL REVIEW. 397 May. The mother of these children is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the father is a Republican in politics. He is a member of Vienna Lodo;e No. 150, A. F. & A. M., and also of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. ^OHN J. SHEARER is a son of Edward Shearer, who was born in Hardin Count}' ^^^ , October 28, 1826, and was brought up on a ^^2/ limited farm, ccmsequently receiving a very education. He started out in life for himself in the year 1814, entering land in the woods and erecting thereon a log cabin, going to work in earliest to establish a home for himself. He was married to Mary Hell, who w.as born June 1, 1830, a daughter of Lacey Bell, of Kentucky. To this marriage there were born seven children, viz: .John .1.; Charles E., a farmer of Hardin Count}-; AVilliam .1., deccjised; David F., a farmer of Hardin County; George W., a mechanic of Cave in Rock; and two that died young. The mother of these cliildrcn died February 24, 1865, and Mr. Shearer then married Clark}- Bell, sister of his first wife. To this marriage there were born four children, viz: Susan, wife of Lewis Edwards; Laura, de- ceased; one who died in infancy; and Tlionias, a farmer of Hardin Count}'. .Tohn J. Shearer w.is born May 30, 1851, in Har- din County, was reared on the farm, working in the summer time and attending school in the win- ter time, and at the age of fourteen yeai'S went to work in a store for his uncle at New Liberty, HI., meanwhile attending school a part of the time, and so obtaining a fair education. In 1868 he went to Hardin County and engaged in teaching school, whidi profession claimed his attention live years, during which time he was diligently pursuing tiie study of medicine under the instruction of Dr. AVarford, of Elizabetlitown. He practiced med- icine for eight years, and then purchased a store- boat, which he ran on the Ohio River for two years, when he returned to Hardin County and engaged in farming and in the practice of medi- cine for two years, and finally engaged in mer- cantile pursuits for six months. November 7, 1891, he purchased a third interest in a large mill at Cave in Rock, which he still retains, and is now considered a prosperous and well-respected citizen. Our subject was married November 6, 1870, to Nancy A. McDowell, a daughter of Eli McDowell, a native of Indiana. To this marriage there have been born three children, viz: George Clarence; Sonora I., deceased; and a third who died in in- fancy. Mr. Shearer is a Republican in politics, and is a member of Cave in Rock Lodge No. 444, A. F. & A. M. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He served in the capacity of Justice of the Peace for six years, and two years as Deputy County Clerk, discharging his duties as such to the satisfaction of all concerned. l>^-s. He tried to rally the troops and was one of the last to leave the ground, every private soldier and otlicer having left. He returned liume with n fistula, and died within a year. The father of this family came in 1859 from Tennessee to Illinois by public conveyance. David A. Finny came here in 1856 with his wife and one daughter, making the entire journey of three hundred miles, in October of that year, in fourteen da^'s, with one yoke of oxen and a cov- ered wagon. He was married September 15, 1853, to Nanc3' McGuire, daughter of Andrew J. and Sarah (Bcarden) Jackson. Mrs. Finny was born in 1838 and lost her mother when she was but eighteen months old, being reared by her grand- mother Bearden. Her father served in the Mexi- can War, and died in Tennessee some fifteen yeai-s ago. She had one half-brother, William Mctiuire. The father of David A. Finn^- died at Golconda, in 1884, at the age of seven t3--nine 3'ears. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and a school teacher most of his life. He was a high-minded, generous man, and in politics was a Whig until the organization of the Republican parly, when he was always a Republican until his death. David A. Finny and his wife bought their first farm in Illinois in 1857, near their present home. It comprised at first ninety' acres, of which ten were cleared, and had an old log cabin upon it, and for the whole the^- gave ^200. They lived there eleven years and he added forty acres, and had forty acres cleared when he sold out for ^ 1 ,000. He then bought one hundred and sixty acres, a part of his present farm. Since then he has added to it from time to time, until now he has three hundred and ninet3' acres of good farm land. The house which he built the first summer is a double log house, with a threshing floor, or large open hall between the two portions, and the rooms are each 16x16 feet in size. In 1877 he erected a good frame barn. He carries on general farming, makes horses and mules his leading stock, but raises Cotswold shee|) and Poland-China hogs. He also Uiuglit school six months in the year for ten years. He is a Re- publican, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church, while his wife is a Baptist. They liave had twelve children, three sons and nine daugh- ters, of whom one son and two daughters died in infancy. The first-born, Sarah, wife of John R. Morse, died July 3, 1886, in her thirtieth year, leaving two sons. The eight living ones are as 402 l-ORTKArr AND l!I (H 1 I^AI'III ( AL KKVIKW. follows: Mary, wife of G. D. Lightfoot, a farmer of I'ope County, and who has five sons and two dauj;:liters. Orrilla, wife of A. R. Mui'])hy, a farmer and preacher of Edd3'ville Precini't, who has three sons and three daughters; BcrdeUa A., wife of Samuel ^[orse, a farmer of Eddy ville Town- ship, who has two sons and four daughters; Cora, wife of Reese Roberts, of Hamilton County, a stock bu^'er, who has one son; Alice, wife of George A. Roland, a farmer of Polk Precinct, who has three sons; Hubert N., a school teacher, who married Cordelia J. Duncan, by whom he has two daugh- tei's; Clarence, a youth of seventeen at home and in school; and A. Grace, a miss fourteen years old. All are well educated, two are teachers, and all are competent to teach. \T/ AMES O. MOORE, who has resided on his I present farm, which is located in Burnside ^^5^ I, Township, Johnson Count3%for the past ten '(^f/ years, was born in Rutherford County, Tenn., in October, 1848. He is a son of Leroy and Martha (Gordon) Moore, both natives of Tennes- see, and the former a farmer by occupation. The father of Leroy Moore was Isaac Moore, a native of North Carolina, who also followed agricultural pursuits. He removed to Tennessee with his fam- ily when that State was nothing but a wilderness, and settled on the tablelands of the Cumberland Mountains on a new farm, upon which he lived the rest of his life, and there died. He left six sons and two daughters, of whom Leroy was the young- est son. Isaac Moore died at about eighty years of age. his wife having died a short time previously, at nearly the same age. Leroy was a farmer of Tennessee; his wife died at about forty-two years of age, leaving a family of ten children, of whom James was the youngest. He was reared by a step- mother, whose name was Mary Armstrong in her maidenhood; she liad several children, but only one of them reached maturity, Francis. The father of these children died in Tennessee in 1864, aged about sixty years, and his widow is probably still living in Texas. He was at one time well-to-do, bill in later years lost much of his property. James O. Moore was reared at home until he was fifteen yenvs of age, but had limited op- portunities for securing an education, these being in the subscription schools of his day. He began life for himself at the above-mentioned age, work- ing on the farm by the month. When he was six- teen years old, "in August, 1863, he came to Illi- nois with the family of Jesse Van, who settled near New Burnside. He lived with them some four months and then went to Pope County, there vvorkiugfur a Mr. Davis at $15 per month. In May, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, under Capt. W. R. Floyd, and served six months in the ranks and was mustered out in November, 1864. He was sick in the hospital with the measles, and when he returned home it was w^itli health greatly impaired. Mr. Moore returned to the home of Robert Davis, with whom he lived and worked until the 23d of September, 1866, when he was united in marriage with Lutetia Marshall, daughter of Will- iam and Rebecca (Hern) Marshall, who came, it is believed, from Alabama to southern Illinois in the year 1832, where this daughter was born. Mr. Moore began on a rented farm in the north- east corner of Johnson County and continued to rent for fifteen j'ears with but few removals. He bought his first farm for $1,800 in 1880. It lies near the village of Ozark, and contains eighty acres of finely improved land, on which they are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have lost one son and two daughters: Florence, who died in 1881, aged three years; Leroy, who died in 1881, aged thirteen 3'ears, and Martha, who died in September, 1883, aged seven years. They have one son and one daughter living, viz: Thomas, born in March, 1870, and Amanda, in February, 1872, both of whom are living at home on the farm and being educated in the district schools. IMr. ISIoore has served the township as Commissioner of Highways, as School Trustee and as Director for ra:iny j^ears. He has always voted the Re[)ublican ticket, and is a mem- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 403 her of tlie Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Moore has been in frail health ever since he came from the army and is now receiving a pen- sion ,is a reward for his services. He carries on general farming in crops and stock, although lie is practically retired, his son attending to the farm. Considering the circumstances of iiis life, his poor health, etc., he has been successful, and does not regret the severe trials he has undergone. e^+^i ' OHN X. LEDBETTER, a real-estate dealer of Elizabethtown, is a grandson of Wiley Led better, who was a native of South ^i~y Carolina, and was a pioneer Methodist preacher in most of the Southern States. He was a strong, vigorous and active man, a typical cir- cuit rider of the early da^'s, and experienced all tiie hardships, trials and privations of a life such as he led, preaching in the wilderness, in log cab- ins, and with but little, if any, compensation. With this, however, he was satisfied, as it was one of the cardinal doctrines of many of the early entliusiastic ministers of the Gospel tliat the good they could do was a sutlicient reward for their labors. Rev. Wilej' Ledbetter had one son, Matthew, an only child, who was born in Kentucity. The motiierof tills child died when he was but two j'ears old, so that he was deprived of a mother's care and love, so much needed in the tender years of childhood, and was brougiit up by his grandmother in Ken- tucky. When old enougli, lie was apprenticed to a blacksmith by tiie name of Wolf, with wiiom he learned the blacksmith's trade. From lack of op- portunity' his education was iiecessaril3' limited. However, as he grew to years of discretion he se- cured a fair practical eriucation by observation of the wa^-s of men and by such reading as he could find time to pui-sue. He was an orator by nature, and iiis gift of speech and flow of language were something wonderful. He was born in 1800, and began life on his own account the same j'ear that Illinois was admitted into the Union, and as he was a strong man in nian^- wa3'S, when he en- tered the ministry liis natural ability was recog- nized at once. B3' his own persistent application to study he acquired a knowledge of medicine, and was a practicing physician .as well as minister, and a very .nctive m.an in the da3-s of Henr}- Cla^'. He was successful in whatever he undertook, and be- sides preaching and practicing medicine he en- gaged in general merchandising in Providence, Ky. During his lifetime he accumulated a large amount of property, but being of a generous dis- position he saved but little of what he did accumu- late. He was a slaveholder. In 1842 the father of our subject removed to Illinois and practiced medicine in this State until 1847. In the spring of this latter year he removed to Arkansas, and followed the same profession there, having a very extensive practice, and riding over an immense amount of territory, administer- ing to the physical necessities of the sick and dis- tressed, and at the same time giving them spiritual consolation. His labors in this field of usefulness did not last long, however, for in 1850 he was himself taken sick with the cholera, and never re- covered, and was buried in Arkansas. His wife, who had like a true woman and wife participated in his joys and sorrows, lived until March, 1868. Her maiden name had been Rachel Wood, and she was a daughter of William Wood, who was a Captain in the Revolutionary War. To the mar- riage of Matthew Ledbetter and Rachel Wood were born twelve children: J.ine, who became the wife of John C.Ramsey, and died in 1863, Mr. Ramsey- being now also deceased; Wiley, who died in Providence, Ky.; William, now living at Santa Barbara, Cal.; James A., now living at Cave in Rock, Hardin County; John X.; Xancy, living in northern Illinois; Rachel and Helen, both of whom died in Arkansas; George W., who enlisted in Company A., Twent^'-ninth Illinois Infantiy, and whose present whereabouts are unknown ; Matthew, who died in Hardin County in 1850; and Marion and an infant, both of whom died in infancy. John X., the fifth child in order of birth, was born April 26, 1830, in Caldwell County, K3'. When a mere boy his father was engaged in mer- 404 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. chandisiiig, and on tliis account his wdik was then light. Ik' allciicled the subscripliun >uhuols of the time and secured a fair education, and later in life increased the amount of his knowledge, and is now a man of broad views and wide informa- tion. Thesehoolhousein which he received his early training was of the typical pioneer style of archi- tecture, constructed of and furnished wholly with logs, with a large open fireplace at one end. Mr. Ledbetter was a natural mathematician, and .iny kind of calculation in figures came easy to him. When he started out in life for himself he was without money, and so chopped cord-wood in Ar- kansas and hauled it to the river with a yoke of oxen and an old-style cart, the wheels of which were made from logs and were without tires. He also ran a ferry across the river, and worked at these two occupations until the death of his father, when with his mother he came to Illinois and en- gaged as clerk on a wharf-boat at Caseyville, Un- ion County, Ivy., remaining there eighteen months. In the meantime he was saving his small earnings, and when he had accumulated 1300, fearing that he might lose it, he gave it into the keeping of a man named Brown. When he was married and assumed the duties of a head of a family he se- cured the return of this ii300, and with it began the establishment of a home. Our subject married Rebecca A. M3'res, a native of Indiana, who w.is the daughter of Joshua and Mary Myres, pioneers in that State, whence they removed to Hardin Count}'. This marriage oc- curred March 25, 1856, after which he bought forty acres of land, the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 33, township 1 1, range 10, which had upon it a little house and a small orchard, but the land was poor. When he moved to this land to make a start in life he had a bob- tailed pony and a few i)igs. After working hard for six years he could sec that he was getting ahead a little, and had saved a little money by practicing the most rigid economy. Thinking to use this money to better advantage than he had hitherto been able to use his money, he went to Elizabethtown and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which he soon afterward sold at an advance over the puicliase price of >^28(). This liaiisaction opened up U> liliii :i new lield for mak- ing inoiiey, and since that time he has been en- gaged to a greater or less extent in the purchase and sale ol real estate. He lived on the old place for eleven years before moving to Elizabethtown, and since then, in addition to his real-estate busi- ness, has also been engaged in general merchandis- ing for the past fifteen or sixteen years. He has always been successful in liis business, and has owned at one time or another a great many differ- ent farms and tracts of land. By his marriage to Miss Myres our subject has had eight children: Rachel, who lives at Evans- ville, Ind.; Wile}', deceased; Mollie, wife of Rich- ard S. Taylor, State's Attorney; Mattie wife of John Abbott, editor, of Elizabethtown; John M., bookkeeper at Evansville, Ind.; and three others who died in infanc}'. Politically, Mr. Ledbetter was fornierl}- a Whig, but has been a Republican since the organization of tliis party, and has for many years been a prominent man in the county. For twenty- four years he was a Justice of the Peace, and for nine years, while living on the farm. Deputy Cir- cuit Clerk, and attended to a large amount of business in connection witli the office. He has served repeatedly on the School Boards of the county, and is a memlier of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. iU'^NJAMIN O. JONES, is one of the promi- '' nent and influential men of Massac County, his home being in ^Metropolis. In 1890 he was elected County Judge, which position of high honor and responsibility he still holds. He is a man of literary taste and high in- tellectual acquirements, his talent in this direction being generally recognized among those who know him. He has been a resident of this city since March 22, 1864, and has been much interested in various newspapers. In the year 1869 he became editor of the Wesle>-tt Sin?; and a year later pur- chased the Promulf/alor, the name of which he POUTUAIT AND BIOGKArillCAL 1{E\"IE\Y. 405 changed to the Massac Journal. In 1871, in com- pan}- with A. J. Alden, now a resident of Wash- ington, D. C, he founded and naine ' Xewton, the former of Ithea Count}', Tenn., and the latter of the same Slate, but it is believed not of the same count}'. The grandfather of James K. Newton was .Joseph Newton, of North Caro- lina, and the great-grandfather was John New- ton, who, in company with his brother Isaac, came over the sea from England about the year 1700. They settled in North Cai'olina, and were wealthy- people, owning large plantations, on which great numbers of slaves were kept. At the age of six- teen years Joseph Newton went into the American army as a substitute and fought in the battle of Cowpens, and was also in the march of the Bloody Trail. He was in the Patriot army six j'ears and nine months, but served in the Revolutionary AVar onlj' three months. He married Ann Stephens, of North Carolina, and they reared a large fam- il}'. He was too old to take part in the War of 1812, and died in either Williamson or Johnson County, 111., in 1842, at the ripe old age of eight}' years, and his wife survived him about five years, dying in Williamson County in 1847, at the age of ninety-three. An aunt of our sub- ject, Sally Deason, was in the ninetieth year of her age at the time of her death. James K. Newton w.as reared on the old home- stead where Green 15. Newton now lives. His edu- cation, like that of his brother, was (juite limited, but he has always been a great reader, and remem- bers what he reads, and in this w.ay lie has ac- quired a considerable amount of knowledge. At the age of twenty-three he took up the irado i<( gunsmith without instruction froui aiiyonu. but though he has worked a great deal at his trade, yet he has been for the most part of his life a farmer. He was married first at the age of twenty years to Miss Melissa C. AUmond, of Illinois. She bore him one son, William N., now a fine work- man as a silversmith at Vienna, 111., who has a wife and one son. Mr. Newton was bereft of his companion shortly after marriage, and he was united to Miss Juliette Fulkerson, of Pope County, a daughter of the Rev. Richard Fulkerson, who bore him two sons, Thomas J., who at this writing (1893) is twelve years of age, and Miles G., ten years old. Mrs. Newton died May 25, 1883, since which time our subject has been a widower, and has kept his little family all together. Mr. New- ton is not a member of any church, and is entirely free from church creeds. Neither is he a member of any society, and he is a lover to the fullest de- gree of intellectual and religious liberty. He votes the Democratic ticket, and for a livelihood carries on farming in a small way, and is a man of hon- esty, who has the respect of the entire community.' ^^>-^^<-^=^- '\Tj AMES W. HEATON, Ju., a resident of New Burnside, Johnson County, was born in ^^ I Graves County, Ky., in 1862. His fa- ^^f/ ther, James W. Heaton, Sr.. and his mother, known as Lorinda J. Lindsay in her maiden days, were both natives of Henry County, Ky. They resided in Kentucky some three years after tlieir marriage and came to Illinois in the fall of 1804, when James W., Jr., was two years old. James W. Heaton, Jr., was reared on the farm and was well educated in the public schools until he was twenty years old, and then attended Ewing College, in Franklin County, 111., graduating from the com- mercial department. He remained at home until he was twenty-four years old, when he married, April 28, 1886, Miss Ella M. AVhitnell, daughter of David F. and Parmelia (Caldwell) Whitnell. PORTRAIT AND BIOCiRAWIlCAL REXIKAV. 409 Mr. and Mre. Heaton began married life at their ju'esent home on the little sevenl3'-acre farm one and a-half miles from New Burnsicle, to the north. One infant daughter, Jessie L., has been carried to her final rest, and a son, Lindorf, was born No- vember 2, 1888. Mr. Heaton has been engaged in farming and stock-raising all his life, making a specialty of hogs, of which he breeds the Chester Whites, and he has some tine improved Ohio stock. These he sells for breeding purposes, and of this and the breeding of full-blooded Jersey cattle he has made a great success. He also owns a fine farm of one hundred acres near Parker City, which ho rents, and is in company with his brother, J. C. H. Hea- ton, in the nursery and fruit-growing business. Mr. Heaton is a Prohibitionist in politics, hav- ing become interested in the primaries of the new part3' in 1882, and he went into the movement to sta3'. He is one of the few stanch members of that j)artv in this part of the country. Mi's. Heaton is an accomplished lady, and both she and her hus- band are members of the Haptist Church, active in the work and strong in the faith. Our subject iS' a man of resouices, has a well-poised intellect, is quick to think and prompt to act, and is indepen- dent in all tliinjis. ^^ •?-#^#^-?--"^ ^j<^Il.S()N SLACK. The career of this gen tle- Itl g— ; man has been one of honor and profit to ^^^ijj himself and of great benefit to the commu- nity in which he resides, for he lias not only been energetic, but also public-spirited and enterprising. His father, William Slack, was a Kentuckian by birih, his natal year being 1795, and his youth was spent on a farm, his education being limited to the common schools, which were of a very primitive description during the period of his j'outh. At the age of eigtiteen years he enlisted as a private soldier in the War of 1812, and was an active participant in the battle of New Orleans, when Packenham was put to llight by the strategy of Gen. Jackson. After the termination of that war he returned to Ins home, where he learned the trade of a carpenter, but after his removal to Illi- nois in 1815, he turned his attention to farming, becoming the owner of a large tract of timber land, on which no improvement had been made. He at once erected thereon a log cabin, and with his usual energy began the work of cultivation and clearing, and in due course of time he was the owner of a highly productive and well-tilled famn, on which some very valuable improvements had been ninde in the waj' of buildings and fences. He is a man of genuine merit, has always been of a strong and self-reliant character, and his success was, without doubt, owing to the attention he al- waj-s paid to each minor detail of his calling. About 1818 he married a Virginia lady. Miss Mary Finney, to which union thirteen children were born: John, deceased; Salinda, wife of J. M.Benson; Mariah and .Sarah, deceased; Gilson, the subject of this sketch; William, deceased; James; Mary; Louisa, deceased; Melissa, widow of James Taylor; Emily and Norman J., deceased; and ^laigaret, widow of George Elkins. Gilson Slack was born September 29, 1831, in Johnson County, HI., and there on the farm of which his father was the owner his youthful days were spent and were characterized by hard work. He was earl}- initiated into the mysteries of farm- ing, and being a bright and energetic 3'outh he soon mastered its details. The summer months were usuall}' S]>ent in attending the schools of the rural district, which were conducted in the primi- tive log building of pioneer days, with which our ancestors were familiar. In 1819, as a means of obtaining his own living, lie began the cultivation of forty acres of land, which had been given him by his father, but after giving his lime and strength to this business for three years he aban- doned it to remove to Vienna, 111., where he fol- lowed the calling of a merchant, and continued to make his home until July IS, 1861. Knowing well that his country needed his services, he un- hesitatingly offered his life for the preservation of the land of his birth, and was mustered into Company H, First Illinois Infantry, and after one year's active service was honorably discharged at St. Louis, Mo., after which he raised a company 410 PORTRAI r AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. and retiirneil to the fmiit. lie was elected Major of the One Hundred and 'rwonti(!tli Illinois In- fantry, and served to the close of the war. He at once returned to N'ienna, and after conducting a mercantile establishment there for one year he gave up that business to engage in carpentering, and to this occupation his attention has since been devoted, and numerous are the substantial and handsome buildings which stand as monuments to his skill througliout this portion of the Prairie State. Since 1887 he has been a resident of Metropolis. Here he purchased a few acres of land, erected a handsome residence, and in it he and his family now reside. He is at present eng.aged in the bee business. His marriage was celebrated on the 28th of Sep- tember, 1854, with Miss Mary E. Smith, a daugh- ter of B. S. Smith, of Tennessee, and they have a famdy of three children: Henry F., a resident of Metropolis; AVilliara B., a citizen of Lexington, Ky.; and Oscar G., who is an employe on a rail- road. Mr. Slack belongs to the honorable orders of the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons and the Odd Fellows, and he and his wife are communi- cants in the Baptist Church, with which they have long been closely identified, .and to which the3- are generous contributors. J****^ •S-'J-'i'^'t; "•i"!"5"5-'^^"i"S"i-*F JOHN CARTER, who owns one of the best- managed farms in all Vienna Township, located on section 12, is a farmer and stoek- .^^^^ raiser of marked intelligence, who stands well at the front among the men of his class in Johnson Count}', and has done good service in the public life of the county. He is a native of John- son County, III., his father being Vincent Carter, who w.as born in North Carolina in 1803, and at the age of three j'ears was taken by his parents to Smith County, Tenn., where he w.as brought upon a farm, with but little chance to obtain an educa- tion. He became a farmer and a butcher, and worked hard lo get along in life. He remained in Sinitli Cdunlv until lie was of age, ;iiid then took up his residence in (iiles County, the same .State. In 18.50 he emigrated to this Stale with his family, journeying hither with team and wagon, and he cast in his fortunes with the pioneer set- tlers of Vienna Township. He first bought forty acres of land on section 2, which was partly im- proved, paying $400 for it, and in the month of November, 1850, he moved into the log cabin that stood thereon. He lived upon the place for nearly three years, actively engaged in its further im- provement, and then, selling that place, took pos- session of a tract of wild land on Dutchman Creek, erected a log house for a dwelling, and engaged in clearing and tilling the soil there a number of years. He finally sold it and took up his residence in Vienna. His last daj's were spent in the home of our subject, where he died in 1873. The mother died in 1857, and both were laid to rest in John- son Cemetery. The father of our subject was twice married. His first marriage, which took place in Alabama, was to Miss Sarah Patterson, who died in Smith Count\-, Tenn., leaving three children: Dorcas, who died in 1857, in Missouri; Neal S., who died in Vienna Township, and is buried in Johnson Ceme- terj'; and William G., who died in Union County. The father's second marriage was to Elizabeth Rose, a native of Giles County, Tenn., and they had eleven children: .Tohn, the eldest born ; F. M., who is at work in the asylum at Anna; Mary, wife of Heni-y F. Bridges, of Vienna; Rebecca A., who died in Union County; Luc}' B., wife of James Card, of Vienna; Saba W., wife A. D. Williams, of Bloomfield Township; James H., a resident of Vi- enna, who at the age of seventeen went into the army at the time of the war; Tennessee E., wife of Hugh Wallace, a blacksmith at Vienna; Sarah, who married William H. Adams, of McLean County, Mo., and died in that State; Virginia, who died at Vienna, at the age of fourteen; and Eliza, who died and was buried in Vienna. The subject of this life record w.as brought up on a farm, and early became inured to hard work. He went to school whenever he could, but his edu- cational advantages were exceedingly limited, and he has gained more knowledge by experience, in- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL KKVJKW. 411 telligeiit observation and reading than his earl}' •schooling gave him. At tiie age of twenty-one he left home to begin life independenlh, starting out without money, but brains, muscle and determin- ation were sufficient capital. He cultivated land on shares the lirst year, the owner furnishing the wherewithal, and was fortunate in reaping a line harvest, of which half belonged to him. Corn was- but fifteen cents a bushel, but Mr. Carter made some money, and in the fall of 1852 Mr. Price en- gaged liim to work in his mill at ^11 a month for eighteen months, and he prudeutU" saved his earn- ings. He then went to Vienna to serve an apprenticeship with Henry T. Briggs, a black- smith. He remained with him until Juli', 1855, but did not find the trade as profitable under the bargain that he made with Mr. Briggs as he had luiped.and in the month mentioned, he aban- doned it to turn his attention to farming, bu3-- ing sixty acres of the farm which he still owns, and which at that time was but very little improved. He has added forty acres by subsequent purchase, and by persistent and skillful labor has made of it a highly- i)roductive and well-equipped farm, on which he raises a good grade of stock, and his care- fully tilled fields j-ield large crops of grain and other product* common to the soil of this region. Mr. Carter was first married October 24, 1854, to Miss Martha Neathery, a native of Tennessee. She died December 28, 1873, and was laid at rest in Johnson Cemetery. By that union five children were born: William H., a farmer in Hloomfield Township; John D., who died at home; JIary E., living at home with her parents; Robert F., who died at the age of nineteen months; and Charles E., who died at the age of eighteen months. Mr. Carter's marriage with Jlis.s Nancy Jane Dunn, his present wife, occurred April 12, 1874. She was born m Robinson County, Tenu.. and is the eldest child of Henry Dunn, who came from that State to this when she was young, and was an early settler of this region. Our subject possesses a clear, well-balanced mind and a keen insight into the affairs of life, which make him a valuable citizen and most desirable material for an ollicc-holder. He is warmly inter- ested in all that concerns his township, especially in educational matters, and his influence in the twenty years that he has been School Director has always been exerted to have the best possible schools. In 1872 and 1873 he held the office of Count}' Commissioner, discharging the duties thus incumbent upon him with characteristic fidelit}', and so as to enhance the welfare of the count}'. !i^^ AMUEL F. HART, M. D., was born in Bed- ford County, Tenn., in 1847, and now makes his home in Eddyville, Pope Count}-. His father, Martin M. Hart, w.as born in the same county, about 1820, and was a son of Henry Hart, of the same place. Henry Hart was a well- to-do farmer for that period, and married Nancy Rainy, of South Carolina, who was born M.iy 12, 1780, the day the British left Charleston. Mr. and Mrs. Hart reared all their fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters, Martin M. being next to the youngest member of the family, and the sixth son. All these children, as well as their parents, have died, the father dying at the age of sixty-five, and the mother at the age of ninety years, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. George W. Gossage. She lived to see her youngest son twice married, and was a midwife for many years, being present at some two hundred and twenty births. She and her husband were well informed, and were devoted to the church to which they be- longed. The law of heredity appears to show strongly in the case of her children, for there are three doctors in the family and one cousin is a physician. Martin M. Hart, father of our subject, married Mary Jlorris, of Tennessee, and resided in that State on his own farm some years, after which they removed to Pope County, in 1854, the year of the great drouth. They made the journey by land, bringing with tliom their three children, and settled on a farm of eighty acres with limited im- provements near Hartsville. Here the subject was reared on the farm from a child of six years of age. 412 PORTRAIT AM) lilOGRAl'lIICAl. KKVIKW. and was accustomed to haid work, such as plowing among the stones and stumps, beginning at eight 3'ears v{ age. lie grew up healthy and strong, and by liie lime he was sixteen years old had received but thirty days of schooling, liis teacher being J. C. D. C'arr, now a physician of Gallatin County. He remained at liome until his twentieth year, and then began as a traveling salesman in the i)atcnt medicine business. He remained thus engaged some five years, traveling in Illinois and Missouri, a part of the time on foot, and a part on horse- back. Later on he traveled a portion of the time with a team, and received from *2.') to ^40 per month. Our subject was married at the age of twent}'- seven September 23, 1875, to Miss Martha A. Ran- dolph, who was born in Illinois June 7, 1855, to R. M. and Dorindia (Shurlock) Randolph. The parents of Mrs. Hart came from Tennessee to Illi- nois in 1846. Dr. Hart and his wife began domes- tic life on his father's old farm and farmed there some six years. Thej' then settled on a farm of their own of one hundred and twenty' acres a few miles west, upon which they lived some two years, when they sold out and moved to Eddyville, in November, 1882. They at first bought a small house and lot, and later bought a house and lot where his otHce now is. In 1887 he bought his present home, which comprises fifty-one acres of land and a good two-story frame house, for which he paid $1,000. The Doctor has obtained much of Ills education by his own lamp and fireside, his wife being his instructor, she having been well educated in her youth. The Doctor had one term of schooling in a select school at Eddyville after his marriage, and then took medical lectures at Keokuk, Iowa, re- ceiving his diploma from PjVansville, Ind., after which he first commenced the practice of medicine in Eddyville, and has been practicing here ever since, except one year in Columbus, Pope County. He has lost one infant daughter, and a daughter. Bertha, aged three and a-half years, and has seven children living, viz: Ida L., a young lady of sev- enteen at home; Olive M., fifteen; James O., four- teen; IMilton J., twelve; Zilla Ada, nine; Eunice, three; and Edna Beatrice, one year old. Dr. Hart has been Justice of the Peace two years, and is a third degree Odd Fellow, and a stanch Democrat. He has been a Democrat for many years, and helped elect Grover Cleveland in 1892. Tiie chil- dren are being well educated, and the eldest daughter, though possessing musical talent to an unusual degree, yet aspires to the medical profes- sion. The Doctor has a large and profitable prac- tice in both medicine and surgery, and has been very successful. e^+^i '^T'OIIN A. JONES was born in Johnson County February 9, 1847, and is now a resident of Cache Township. He is a son of Absalom and Catherine (Wilhelm) Jones, both of whom were born in North Carolina. The former came to Illinois at an early day and took up Government laud, upon which he contin- ued to reside until his death. John A. Jones was born shortly after his father's death, and as his mother married again, he remained at home until he was thirteen \'ears of age. He then started out in the world for himself, first going to Kentucky, and working there about four years, when he re- turned to his native State and worked on a farm one year. He then worked land on shares for several seasons, and finally, at the age of twent3'- five, had saved up money enough to purchase a farm in Johnson County. This farm was located on section 17, Cache Township, and was his home for some years. In 1883 Mr. Jones sold that place and bougiit the farm where he now lesides. This farm is also on section 17, Cache Township. He has now three hundred and sixty acres of good land, and has upon this farm a comfortable house and other valuable improvements. He has always been a hard-working and industrious man, and by his good judgment and economy has acquired his present handsome property, and is classed among the most enterprising and successful farmers of Johnson County. November 3, 1872, he mariied PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 413 Nancy E. Dunsworth, who was born in Johnson County, and died in 1888, leaving tliree children: Sarah J., William Joseph and Mary E. Mr. Jones was again married, choosing as his wife Ruth Wright, of Johnson County. In their religious connections Mr. and Mrs. Jones are identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a stanch Republican, and alwa3-s votes the ticket of the i):irty of his choice. ^I, AJIES D. STORY. During the many years that this worth}- tiller of the soil has been a ^^. , resident of M.ass.ac County, 111., he has been i^f' progressive and intelligent and his course has been marked by a reasonable degree of pros- perity, and by usefulness and credit to the section in which he lives. His father, John Story, was a native of the Pine Tree State and was possessed in the usual degree of thrift, pusii and determination of the native New Englander, coupled with un- doubted integrity and a strong sense of rigiit and wrong. When in the full vigor of earl}* manhood he moved to the State of Oliio, and becoming well known as an expert surveyor he was ciiosen as one of the men to assist in the arduous duties of surveying the State, and he performed his duties in an exceptionallv creditable and capable manner. He chose .is his companion through life Miss Mar- iah I'izer, who came of Pennsylvania stock and was a (ierman V)y descent, and to their union a family of three children was given, two of whom grew to maturity and became a credit to their par- ents. They were James D., whose name heads this memoir; and Marilla, wife of W. D. Post, of Nebraska. Eliza, the second child, is deceased. .James D. Story is a product of the Buckeye .Stale, his birtii occurring December 10, 1842, and owing to the fact that his parents were called from life when he was a small lad, he was at an early age compelled to begin tlie struggle for the bare necessaries of life. Fortunately he found employ- ment on the farm of an uncle, with whom he re- mained until he was fourteen years of age. At that period of his life he went to Gallatin, Ohio, and did the numerous duties required of a boy around a hotel for one 3'ear. When a stripling of fifteen years the West Lad great attractions for him, and he according!}' turned his face toward the setting sun, and in a short time he found him- self in Nebraska and in the employ of the well- known freighters, Russell it AVadell. He assisted in guarding the numerous wagon trains they sent across the plains, during which time he had num- erous interesting and romantic experiences. Event- ually becoming tired of this occupation, he began clerking in a store, but discontinued this business after following it one winter to accept a position as mail carrier from Nebraska City to Rockport, Mo., but after a severe encounter with horse- thieves, he concluded to change his occup.ation. Our subject resumed the former calling of a clerk for the winter of 1859, and afterwards learned that the proprietor of the store, Frank Wilcox by name, was the leader of a notorious gang of counterfeiters by accidentally stumbling upon their mint, tlieir illegal work being carried on in a dug-out. He w.as discovered by some members of the gang, who swore him to secrecy, the penalty of divulging their secret being death. On the 1st of June, 1861, he enlisted in the United States array for territorial service, but afterwards became a member of Company H, First Nebraska Infantry, and was in the bloody battles of Ft. Donelson and Shiloh, as well. as various others of less importance. After being in the service three years he was hon- orably discharged and immediately went to Padu- cali, Ky., where he began working as a ship car- penter in the navy-yard and continued to give his attention to this calling for a number of years in that city, in ^Mound City and in Cairo. In 1867, he settled on a farm in M.assac County, III., and is now the owner of a finely improved and cultivated farm of considerable value. On the 26th of November, 1867, our subject was married to Eliza Taylor, a daughter of Samuel Taylor, of Virginia, and a family of five children blessed their union: John, who is deceased; Charles, a farmer of Mass.nc County; Ada, wife of William Shelton, of Metropolis, III.; Walter, at PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. home; and Arlluir. who also resides witli his father. The mother of these cliildren was called from life March 29, 1883, and on the 2lth of January, 1885, Mr. Story wedded his present wife, Caro- line Obermark, to which union one child has been born, William Clifford. Mr. Story is a member of the Kuiublican; fraternally, he is an Odd Fellow and a Mason, and religiously a member of the Lutheran Church. He is a man of strong will and of superior business qualifications, and has alwa^'s been successful. He is one of the prominent men of this part of the State, and is well known and popular with all who know him. H. RIEPE. Among the substantial citizens §. of Massac County, 111., Fritz Riepe, the fa- ther of the subject of this sketch, ma3' be counted. He isoneof that vast army of intelligent, persevering and courageous people who have gone forth from the land of their birth to build up new enterprises and iiomes for themselves on tlie broad and fertile prairies of the West. He is a German by birth, but since 18G0 he has identified iiimself with the interests of his adopted land, America, his journe}' to this country being made in a sailing- vessel, and occupying nine weeks. Immediately after setting foot on the soil of the United States, he came to Massac County, 111., and located on a farm, and farming lias been his chief means of sup- port ever since. Like the majority of (Germans, he lias shown himself to be a man of energy, push and industry, and as he has always exercised a ju- dicious prudence and thrift, it is not to be won- dered at that his efforts have been prospered and thai lie is now in command of a competency. Ho was married in Detmold, (iermany, to Sophia Schro- der, and seven children were born to them: F. H., the subject of this sketcli; Minnie, wife of E. A. Kot- tcr; Henry, deceased; William, a successlul agricul- turist; Harmon, who is engaged in the same occu- pation; Sophia, wife of Charles Ililgeman; and Theodore, who has followed in his father's and brothers' footsteps and is a farmer. F. H. Riepe is a worthy representative of the race from which he sprang — the flerman — which has contributed so much to the thrift, the industry and tlie prosperity of this country. He was born in the I^atherland, on the 5th of December, 1847, and there learned the details of farming as it was conducted in his nativ^e land, and there, according to the law of his land, he was an attendant of the public schools until his removal to this couutiT with his parents. Here he remained with and as- sisted his father in improving the land in Massac County, but at the age of eighteen j-ears he started out for himself as a clerk in a grocery store, to which business his attention was devoted for three years, at the end of which time he had accumula- ted enough means to enable him to purchase an interest in a sawmill. This mill he operated suc- cessfully for five years, then purciiased a stock of general merchandise at Metropolis, w^here he still holds forth. He keeps an excellent line of goods, which he disposes of at the lowest consistent figures, and among his patrons he numbers the leading families of the community, who thus show their appreciation of merit. His goods are always fresh and well chosen, are displa3-ed to a good advan- tage, and his patrons may be assured of being wailed upon in a polite and prompt manner and to their satisfaction. Mr. Riepe is considered a pleas- ant gentleman to deal with, and those with whom he has business relations have the highest opinion of him. In the month of .Tune, ISTii, our subject was married to Miss Mary Korte, a daughter of Fritz Korte, a native of German3-,and to their union five children have been given, only Myra, the youn- gest, living. Those deceased are Albert, Fred, I PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 417 Adolpli and Eraina. In every capacity in which Mr. Riepe has figured, tie is recognized as a most useful nieinljer of the community with wliicli he is identified. His business associates esteem liiiii, and those who know him intimately entertain for him the highest respect and the most kindly regard. He has for some time been a communicant of the Ger- man Lutheran Church, and politically is indepen- dent, casting his vote for the man who, in his estimation, is the best fitted for the position, lie is a useful citizen, and as such is regarded by the citizens of Massac County. >1LLLVM .1. FLRX, 31. D., claims .Johnson County as his birthplace, and has since made it his home. He was born in No- vember, 1846, to Lawrence W. Fern, whose bio- graphical sketch ap[)ears elsewhere in this volume, and who is a native of Derby, England, but was reared and educated in New York State. The fa- ther of our subject was born January 14, 1814, and was an attorney-at-law for many years; he also taught school when a j-oung man. His father, .lames Fern, was a farmer, and came to the United States in 1820, settling in Oswego County, N. Y., where he died a very old man.' He reared a fam- ily of six childron, of whom Lawrence W. was the youngest. Lawrence Fern came to Illinois in 1843 from Texas, where he followed civil engineering and sur- veying lliree 3'ears, and after coming to Illinois he served as County Surve3'or for some j'ears, but has been retired from this profession as well as from the law some fifteen years. He now lives on his farm in Simpson Township. He has living three sons and four daughters, of whom Dr. William J. Fern is the eldest. Dr. Fern was reared on the farm up to his sixteenth year, and received a good edu- cation in the district sciiools. He afterward at- tended the College Hill Seminary, and Hu.-.h Medi- cal College, Chicago, graduating there at twenty- one years of age. He began the practice of medi- cine at Grantsburg, Johnson County, in 1868, and on October 14, 1869, was married to Miss Sarah J. Poor, daughter of S. D. and Sarah J. (Mount) Poor, who were from the South, coming to Illinois about 1825. Mrs. Fern was born in Johnson County, and is one of four daughters now living. She lost one brother, J. N. Poor, who died in February, 1889, at the age of thirt\-five j'ears, leaving a wife and two children. Mr. and Mrs. F'ern lived in Grantsburg five years; in Vienna two years, and removed to Tun- nel Hill about 1876, bu^'ing their pleasant home, and here the Doctor has an extensive practice and a good drug store, the only one in the town, which was established in 1886. They have buried one in- fant son, Charles, and one infant daughter, Cora, and they have now three sons and one daughter livipg. Nora, the daughter, and Lawrence D., a 30ung man of seventeen ^-ears, are attending the Haywood College at Fairfield, Wayne Country, this State. They are both doing well in their studies, the daughter making a specialty' of music, which she is teaching. William J. is fifteen 3'ears old, and R03' is eight; both are at home and in school. The Doctor is a Royal Arch Mason, and has repre- sented the order in the Grand Lodge. He is also an Odd F^ellow,and is free and untrammoled both in politics and religion. -^g ^OIIN C. P.KFX'KKNRIDGE HEAIXJN, the second child and first son of James W. Ilea- tou, Sr., was born in Henr3- Count3-, Ky., ^ in 1854. He was reared until ten 3'ears old in Graves Count3% that State, and was then brought b3' his parents to Johnson C'ount3-, where he w.as educated in the common schools until he was twenty-one years old, when lie went to Ewing Col- lege, Franklin County, a 15a])tist institution of learn- ing. He was married October 15, 1876, to Miss Al- ice F. Mathis, daughter of Richmond and Matilda (Morris) Mathis, natives of Tennessee, but who re- 418 I'OHl'KAir AM) lUOGUAl'IlICAL KEVIKW. moved from Kentucky to Illinois in early life, and settled on their farm near Vienna. This daughter is one of five living eliildren, two sons and three dauijlilers, whose father died on his farm in mid- dle life but his widow still survives at the age of sixty-nine, and lives on the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Heaton have lived at their present farm home of eighty acres ever since their mar- riage, with the exception of a residence of less tlian one year in Arkansas. They have buried two infant daughters, and have living two sons: Roy L., a promising youth of thirteen and a stu- dent in school, and Calvin F., ten 3-ears old. Mr. Heaton, though a young man, is one of the ad- vance guard in the line of farm gardening, and was one of the first to import fertilizers. He be- lieves in intensive, rather than extensive, farm- ing, and is a successful fruit-grower, having one of the finest young orchards of four years in the county. Tills orcliard contains trees of the fol- lowing kinds: apples, peaches, pears, quinces and plums, and contains in all thirtj'-five acres. He and his brother, J. W., Jr., are together engaged in horticulture and in the nursery business, having one of the best nurseries in their section. They also grow small fruits, mostly blackberries, for market, together with apricots, grapes and straw- berries. In politics our subject is a pronounced Prohibitionist, which ticket he has always voted, and himself and wife are members of the Baptist Church of this place. \|| AMES A. LEDBETTER, a resident of Cave j in Rock. Hardin County, is a son of Mat- ^— , I thew Ledbetter, who was born in 1799 in ^^^' Soiitli Carolina. When the latter was a small boy his father bound him out to Jacob Woolf, by wiiom he was brought up without education. At length his taskmaster became so oppressive that at the age of eighteen young Ledbetter ran away. He located in Caldwell County, Ky., and engaged in blacksmithing, and in 1842 cime to Illinois and engaged in the practice of medicine. He was also a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and later in the Christian Church. In 1847 he re- moved to Deslia Count3-, Ark., where he practiced medicine until his death, which occurred Feb- ruary 14, 1850. He was married in 1818 to Rachel, daughter of William Wood, who was a Captain in the Revolutionary War. To this marriage ten children were born, seven of whom grew to ma- tuiity, namel)': Jane and Wile^', deceased; Will- iam, in California; James A., the subject of this sketch; J. N., living at r-Clizabcthtown,Ill.; Nanc}% supposed to be dead, and George W., deceased. James A. Ledbetter was born June 19, 1827, in Kentuck}', where he was reared to the carpenter trade, and having natural mechanical ability he was soon master of his trade. His education was obtained more by his own olTorts than by any school- ing he received, though he did attend a subscrip- tion school about five months. In 1845 he began life for himself, and in 1848 went with his father to Arkansas, where he engaged in farming on rented land. After his fatlier's death, in 1850, he returned to Illinois, but very poor, and bought a small tract of land in Hardin County, upon which he erected a log cabin, in which he lived four j'cars. He then fitted out a trading-boat with a small stock of merchandise and traded on the Ohio and Mississip|)i Rivers, afterward engaging in merchandising at Elizabethtown, III., in which he was ver3' successful, retiring from business in 1879. Mr. Ledbetter was married February' 23, 1845, to Mary, a daughter of Chatmaii Scoggins, a na- tive of South Carolina, and to this union there were born eight children, namely: John Q. A., whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume; James A., Jr., whose life we have herein written; George W., whose biography is also introduced into this work; Mary H., wife of L. F. Twitchell, Jr., now in Color.ado; Henry, of Elizabethtown, 111., and three others. Mr. Led- better has been very liberal with his children, giv- ing each of them $5,000. He has been a life-long Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. I PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIETV'. 419 James A. Ledbetter, Jr., is a son of James A. Led- better, Sr., and was born October 28, 1856, at Elizabetlitown, 111., wjiere he was reared to the mercantile business and educated in the schools. When he was eighteen years old he engaged in business for himself, running a mill which his fa- ther had given him and liis brothers, and has con- tinued in the milling business ever since, accumu- lating quite a handsome fortune thereby. lie was married September 13, 1876, to Dora, daughter of James S. Herod, of Hardin County, 111. To this marriage there have been born two children, namely: James anil Charles Millard. Mr. Ledbetter votes with the Democratic part3', and he is a member of Lodge No. i54, I. O. O. F. Our subject is a public- spirited citizen, one of the wide-awake and intelli- gent business men of the community. ^^EORGE W. HILL, M. D., a prominent phy- |[ s=7 sician of Cave in Rock, Hardin County, is ^^41 ^ son of Lytic T. Hill, who was born m North Carolina, January' 27, 1820, and was brought up on the farm, his education being somewhat iimiti'd. He removed to Kentucky in 1836, and M'lllcd in Union County, where he engaged in speculating, and was married in 1815 to Rachel A. Riggs, a daughter of William Riggs, of Virginia. To this marriage there were born six children, namely: William D., of Hopkins County, Ky.; (George W.; Mary E., wife of Wesley Curry; Ade- line, deceased; Robert H., of Cave in Rock, 111.; and James A., also of Cave in Rock. The mother of these children died in 1863, and the father married in 1876 Miss Jane Gregory, of Alabama. To this marriage there have been born three chil- dren, namely: Joseph, Susan and John, all at home. The father, who is now living in Alal)ama, has been a very successful farmer and hasacfumu- lated considerable property. . George W. Hill was born on board a store boat lying at Cedar Point, 111., April 8. 185n. His boy- hood d.ays wore spent on the farm and iiis carlv education obtained in the country schools, taught about thirty days each year in the pioneer log schoolhouse. At the age of twenty-two years he began the study of medicine, and afterward at- tended the medical college at Louisville, Ky., and also tiiat at Evansville, Ind. In 1877 he began the practice of medicine at Cave in Rock, and has been a very successful practitioner ever since, working up a lucrative business. He has, how- ever, now abandoned the general practice, and is engaged only in an office practice. In 1879 he engaged in mercantile business at Cave in Rock, and at tiie present time owns three large stores which are doing an immense liusiness. Our subject was married January 31, 1878, to Rebecca C, daughter of John and Elizabeth Thomp- son, of Kentucky, by whom he has three children, namely: George L., Bessie C. and John AV. Dr. Hill is a member of Cave in Rock Lodge No. 444, A. F. tfe A. M. Mrs. Hill passed to her final rest April 6, 1892. Our subject is a man of good business qualifications, and a gentleman in ever}' respect. lU AMES F. GRAHAM was born in Marshall County, Tenn., October 28, 1823. His fa- ^^ I ther, James Graham, was born near Char- (^^ lotte, Mecklenberg County, N. ('., in tiie year 1771, and his father, William Graham, mar- ried his cousin, Margaret Graham, by whom he had nine sons. James, his second son, emigrated to Tennessee about the year 1804, and in 1822 married Elizabeth Sasnctt, by whom he had one child, James K. William (iraham, the grandfather of James F., served six years as a soldier and (.iuartcrmaster in the Revolutionary War of 1776. against (ireat liritain. He was possessed of quite a number of slaves, and had considerable landed property both in North Carolina and Tennessee. James Gra- ham, the father of James F., was opposed to slav- ery, luMK'O would not have aiiv of the shives that 420 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. he inherited from liis father's estate. He served under Gen. .Tackson in the Indian War, and in the second war with (ueal Uritain, in IHTJ and 1815. James F. (iraham, the subject of tiiis sketch, was married to Elizabeth Ann Brummett on the 31st of August, 1852, and to them were born ten cliii- dren, seven of whom are deceased, viz: Franklin Pearce, Sarah Elizabetii, Erailiza Catliarine, Flora Smith, Florence Bell, James Washington and Mareia Mahala Graham. Those living are: Mary Alice, who married J. S. King, a Kentuckian, and a railroad man; Constantine William, who is in the employ of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago it St. Louis Railway Company; and Fourthie Ann Graham, called Fourthie because she was born on the 4th of July, thus commemorating the 4th of July, 1776, and American independence from under the yoke of Great Britain. James F. Graham had a fair knowledge of the elementary branches of an English education, and taught for many years both in Tennessee and Illi- nois, and was regarded as the best penman in his younger daj's in Johnson (bounty. 111., in which he lived. He held various offices, at different times \je- iug School Director, School Trustee, Township Treasurer, C'ircuit Clerk, Master in Chancery, and Recorder of Deeds and Mortgages. During the War of the Rebellion for the preservation of the Union, he was Enrolling Officer of the Militia and Collector of Internal Revenue for Johnson County. The last two offices were given him on account of his loyalty to the Union, and without his asking. In religion, he believes in, and belongs to, the Christian Church. He denies the right of any man, or set of men, to write out what he must be- lieve in order to get to Heaven, hence discards all books of discipline or confessions of faith writ- ten by men, and clings to the New Testament Scriptures as his only guide for a blessed Immor- tality beyond the grave. James F". comes of Whig stock. His grandfather was a Whig of 1776, his own father was a Whig, and the first vote that James F. ever gave was for that far-seeing statesman and man of indomitable courage, Henry Clay, of Kentucky, who taught the doctrine of [irotectiiig American industries, whether of the farm or shop, by taxing the indus- tries of foreign nations whose industries come in coin petition with our own American citizens .and industries, thus giving our own citizens the pref- erence; hence, .laracs F. is a He|)uliiic;ui in politics. ic^B^ ll#^ County, N. C, August 8, 1837, and at the Zii*, present writing resides in Metropolis City, Massac County. His father, Nathan Bar- ham, was born in Virginia, to Charles Barliam, who was also a native of Virginia, as well as his three brothers, Jarac^s, Daniel and Charles. Nathan Barham was a small bo}' when his parents removed to Guilford County, N. C, and there he was reared and married. He inherited the old home farm, and resided there until his death, December 30, 1855, aged seventy-six years. The maiden name of the mother of Robert C. was Elizabeth Harris. She was born in Guilford County, and her father, Joel Harris, born in Virginia, was one of the earliest settlers in that county, where he lived and died. He commanded a company in the Revolutionary War, .and was in the battle of Guilford Court House. He was a farmer by occupation and owned slaves. The maiden name of his wife was Mar- gary Kennedy, who was born in Virginia, and died on the home farm in Guilford County in 1864, having reared seven children, viz: Althana. Charles N., Julia. Howell, Emily, McArthur and Robert C. Robert C. liarham was reared in his native county, and attended the subscription schools for some time, later taking a course in the Oak Ridge Institute. At the age of nineteen he removed to Tennessee, and taught school in McNairy and AVeakley Counties, afterward making his home in the first-named county with his brother for two years. From that time until the breaking out of the war he traveled in different States of the Union, and during the time of the war engaged in teach- ing in Weakley Counl\-. In IsOi lie entered the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 421 United States service as a scout, and continued to serve the good cause until 1864 under the commands of Gens. Ashbeck, Smith, Meredith, Hicks and Payne, and was in the States of Kentucky, Ten- nessee and Missouri. In 1863 he brought his wife to Massac County, and after the war joined her here, and engaged in teaching school. In 1867 he opened a carriage and wagon shop near New Col- umbia, and also worked at the carpenter's trade until 1876. He then sold his interests there and removed to Metropolis, where he served as Dep- uty Sheriflf four years, and in 1890 was elected Sheriff of the county for four years. Our subject was married in 1863 to Mary JI. McMichael, who was born in Guilford County, N. C, and was a daughter of Thomas A. and Jane (Lednum) McMichael. Mr. and Mrs. Barbara have two children: Josephine, wlio is the wife of George M. Clark; and Lj'dia, wife of George Saw- yer. Mr. and Mrs. Barliam arc members of the Baptist Cliurcli.and he is a Republican in politics. He is also a member of New Columbia Lodge No. .'i.Tl!. A. F. A- A. M., of Herman Lodge No. CI 7, I. (). O. 1'.. and Orestes Lodge No. 266, K. P. if/OIIX S. CRUM was born in Cambria County, Pa., about ten miles from Johns- town, September 9, 1836, and is now a resi- dent of Vienna City, Johnson County. His fatlier,Aaron Crum,was born in the same county to John Crura, who came from Maryland, and, from the best information obtainable, w.as born of (Jerman parents. He removed from Maryland to Cambria County at an early day, and bought a tract of timber land near the town of Wilmore. Here he cleared a farm, upon which he lived until his death. Aaron Crum was reared on this farm, was himself a farmer, and resided there until 1857, when he removed to ^lissouri, settled in Perry County, and died there in January, 1859. The maiden name of the wife of Aaron Crum was S<>l)hia Kisncr. Slie was a native of Bedford County, Pa., and her father, John Kisner, was born either in (Germany or in Pennsylvania, and was certainly of German ancestry. She died in 1858, having reared a family of eight children. John S. Crum was reared and educated in his native county, and moved with his parents to Missouri in 1857. The first year of his residence in Missouri he was engaged in working in a stone quany and in farming. In 1858 he removed to Illinois, and was here engaged in the same kind of work in different localities until July, 1858, from whicli time until August 22, 1861, he was employed in a flouring-mill. On the date last mentioned he enlisted in Compan}' D, Thirty-first Regiment Illinois Infantry, commanded by Col. John A. Logan, and served with his regiment un- til July 25, 1862, when he was discharged on account of disability caused by wounds icceived in the battle of Vi. Donelson. He then returned to Vienna, and being appointed Postmaster of tills place, he served until November, 1864, when he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, and was elected to the same position in 1868, and re-elected in 1872, serving in all twelve years. In 1876 lie was elected a member of the State Board of Equalization, and was re-elected in 1880. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners and served until 1889. While he was serving as Circuit Court Clerk he compiled a complete set of abstracts of title for the countj', the onl}' set the county has ever had. He has been continuously^ in the business ever since. Our subject w'as first married February 3, 1859, to Miss Kda E. Smith, of Bollinger County, Mo., who died July 31, 1868. His second marriage was to Carmelia Boyt, November 26, 1868. She was born in Johnson County April 24, 1849, and died February 9, 1888. His third marriage took place April 17, 1890, to Miss Barbara Tappas, who was born December 17, 18(!6, in Johnson Count3". By the first marriage he had two children, viz: David W. and Alice C. By the second marriage he also had two children, viz: ri3-sses G. and Dollie G., the latter of whom married a Mr. Farris, now an attorney at Bloomfield., Mo. David W. Crum is a plumber and carpenter b^- trade, and Ulysses is a printer. 422 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. John S. Cnim cnst liis first Pi-csidcnlial vote for Stephen A. Douglas, but in the year 1H61 he voted for Abraham Lincoln, and was an active niemlicr of the Republican party for nearly thirty years. At the present time he is a member of the People's party, and was for many years a member of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. & A. M. At the present time lie is a member of Vienna Chap- ter No. 67, U. A. M , of Vesta Lodge No. 340, I. O. O. F., and of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. In his religious views he is liberal, holding it possible for any man to be wrong, and believing tliat all men have the same right to judge for themselves as he claims for himself. -^^ IMON S. BARGER, one of the prominent farmers of Pope County, 111., who has re- sided on his present two hundred and nine acre farm in section 32, township 11, range 6, east, for many years, was born April 7, 1843. His father, Frederic S. Barger, was a native of southern Illinois, and was born in 1826. He was a son of Simon S. Barger, who was reared in Virginia, where he married Hannah Beanard. Soon after their marriage they came to Illinois, when it was still a Territory and still a wilderness. They located as squatters on land two miles south- east of Eddyville, and lived there until his death, which was occasioned by an accidental drowning, he trying to rescue his cousin, who had fallen in the creek through the ice at Golconda. The cousin was saved. He and his wife reared seven sons and one daughter, Mary, and the mother of these children died at seventy-four years of age. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Es- seneth Vaughn, of Pope County. He is the eldest of a family of three sons and two daughters. One son, Hiram, died in early childhood. A sister, Mrs. Frank Modglin, died at New Burnside in 1884, in her thirty-second year, leaving four children. A brother, Willis, died in Eddyville in January, 1892, aged forty-four, leaving a wife and four chil- dren. The children now living are Happy, wife of Jesse VandergrilT, a farmer of Poi)e County; and .Simon, the subject of this sketch. During his early boyhood the latter was reared to farm labor, and at the age of seventeen he left home, and worked on a farm for from $8 to $10 per month. In his eighteenth year he volunteered in the Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantiy, Company K, un- der Capt. W. R. Floyd, and went out as Second Sergeant, serving until the close of the war, nearly four years. The First Lieutenant and him- self were often in command of the company. He had some very narrow escapes from death, and particularly on one occasion, as an ugly scar un- der his right eye testifies, the wound being re- ceived at Resaca, Ga., from a minie-ball. He was also wounded in the left thigh at Corinth, Miss. After receiving the wound in the ej-e, he rejoined his company at Louisville, Ky., and was discharged from the service on June 25, 1865. Our subject had been married December 1, 1864, while at home on a furlough, and on his dis- charge from the service of the Government, he returned to civil life, to his home and to his wife. Her name was Nancy King, and she was a daugh- ter of A. N. King. He and his wife have lived at their home on the homestead of his father since their marriage. They have buried two infant sons, and have living two sons and two daugh- ters. The living are: Alexander, now in the Post- office Department at Washington, D. C; Alice, wife of Alonzo Glass, who is in the War Depart- ment service of the Government at Washing- ton, D. C, and has one son; Mary, wife of D. A. Maynor, a farmer and teacher, living near the old homestead; and Harry, a boy of ten. These children have all been well educated, and the older ones are competent to fill almost any important position. The father of these children had but little opportunity for securing an educa- tion in his youth, but since arriving at manhood's estate, he has been a great reader and has acquired much practical knowledge, and is well informed upon public affairs. He h.as served as Justice of the Peace for sixteen years, and has served in the Stale Legislature two terms, in 1885 and in 1887. During 1883 he was Sergeant-at-Arms of the State PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 423 Senate, and was one of the immortal one hundred and three thnt stood by John A. Logan, and elected him to the I'nited States Senate. lie is an Odd Fellow and a stanch Kepuhlican. He and his wife arc both members of tlie Cumberland Pres- byterian Church. Our subject is one of the few true patriots who regard the welfare of their fellow-men and their friends as of paramount importance, and in all places of trust he has been true to this prin- ciple. He has for years been making a deter- mined effort to secure the construction of a rail- road through his part of the State, which would give a nnich-needcd outlet to the products of the country and also access to the markets of the sur- rounding country. He has contributed to this ob- ject much haril labor and much of his accumulated property, and though he might have often retired from this apparently hopeless struggle with plenty of wealth, yet he has persisted in his efforts, and it is now probable that the^' will before long he crowned with success. Should this be the case, it will be to the farmers of Pope County the means of transportation and of communication with the outside world that will be worth millions of dollars to them, and there can be no doubt that in tiiat case the name of Simon S. Harger will be honored in a fitting manner, as one of the great benefactors of his country; for it is men of this kind and work of this kind tliat are to-day mak- ing the substantial improvements and the com- mendable progress that are being made in this couiitrv . B^S^^== ^f A>n';s 1!. M. FAR!. AN. who keeps a meat market and livery stable in Elizabethtown, Hardin County, is a son of James McFar- Ian, who was born in Kentucky. His fa- ther, whose name w:is James, was among the very first settlers in Hardiii County-, and located where Elizabethtown now stands in 1810, eight years be- fore Illinois became a .State. He experienced all the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life, and lived in the same locality until his death. James McEarlan had but little opportunity to se- cure an education, but did attend for some time the subscription school in the vicinity of his fa- ther's home, and afterward obtained private in- struction at home. His principal acquisitions, however, in the way of learning were obtained through his own unaided efforts in later years. He was one of the earliest settlers, and was the most prominent man in this section of the coun- try during its early history, and, like all pioneers, was deprived of most of what now constitutes civilization. He was a Democrat in politics, and served his county as County Clerk and as Circuit Court Clerk for a number of years. He was one of the men who formed and fashioned the politics of the county' in its earl}- days. Mr. McFarlan, the father of our subject, was married at Elizabethtown to Matilda Hobbs, who was a native of Hardin County, and whose father died in 1884, at the home of Mr. McFarlan. Her mother is still living with her children. To the union of James i\lcl"arlan with Matilda Hobbs there were born seven children, viz: John, who was drowned in the Ohio River; William, an hotel- keeper at Ilarrisburgh ; James B.; Abraham. who died in California; Mattie ?.nd Silas, botli deceased; and Lizzie, wife of C. W. Poor, of Chicago. James B., the third child, was born in Elizabethtown Jan- uary 21, 1853, and there received Lis earlier schol- astic training in the common schools, and later attended ISIcKendree College, at Lebanon, 111., graduating from this institution. He assisted his fa- ther in various wa^-s until he was twenty-two j-ears old, and then engaged in general merchandising with a brother in Hurricane, Ky. They were do- ing a good business until burned out, and as they carried no insurance the loss was complete. Our subject then returned to Elizabethtown, 111., and became engaged in the study of the law with Hon. Lewis F. Plater. After reading law nearly two years, he engaged in business in 1883, and in 1890 established himself in his present line of busi- ness, conducting a meat market and livery stable, and has been thus engaged ever since. Mr. McFarlan lia-* been married twice, first to Miss 424 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Nellie Fenell, who dierl in 1882, and in 1883 he married Miss l^aura McCainis. Hy his first marriage he had two children, viz: .lames, deceased; and Bessie, living at home. By his second marriage he has one child, Mattie, living at home. Both his wives were born in Klizabetlitown. He himself has always lived in Klizabethtown, having been born in this county. Politically, he is a Demo- crat, and is an energetic, industrious man. He is one of the self-made men of the county, and is a valued and liighlv esteemed citizen. ^>^¥r. .Metropolis, Massac County, was born in \U .Staffordshire, England,, lune 22, 1842. His fath-'r, William Liggett, was born in County Ty- rone, Ireland, and was the son of Andrew and Elizabeth (English) Liggett. The former was born on the same farm upon which he lived when his son William was born, and was descended from Scotch ancestry. His wife was also a native of County Tyrone and of Scotch ancestry. Both she and lier husband spent their entire lives in that county, but all of their children came to America. Their names were as follows: America, William, Samuel, El izaheth, Mary,. lames, Andrew and Mollic. William Liggett was reared in Ireland, and at eigh- teen years of age went to Staffoidshire, England, where he was employed in the coal mines of John Bradley & Company eighteen years. In 1857 he came to the I'nited Slates, accompanied by his wife and twochildrcn. He sailed from Liverpool in Sep- tember in the "Sardinia,"' of New York, and after a voyage of eight weeks landed in New Orleans. He then came by the wa^' of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to Metropolis,and bought land twelve miles from the latter place, engaged in farming 23 and resided there until his death, in 1886, at the age of sixty-seven years. The maiden name of his wife w.as Maria Parkes; she was born in Staf- fordshire, England, and was the seventh daughter of William and Mary Parkes. The family of Parkes has been in existence in Staffordshire for more than three hundred years, the name being formerly Paikeshouse, but was shortened by an act of Parliament at the recpiest of the famil}'. Mrs. Liggert is still living in .Metropolis, at the age of seventy-three years. She and her husband reared two children, Thomas and Elizabeth, the latter the wife of .1. .1. Robison, and now living in Metrop- olis. Thomas Liggett was fifteen years old when he was brought to this country, and upon landing in the United States the family was without money. The father took sick and the support of the family devolved upon Thomas. AVhen his father bought the land above mentioned he was compelled to go in debt, and afterward, when Thom.as was in the army, he saved money which I'.e sent home to pay the debt. He enlisted August 31, 1861, in Com- pany A, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, as a private sol- dier, and in IMarch, 1863, was promoted to Regi- mental Ciuartermaster-Sergeant, and served in that capacity until March, 1864. He then re-entered thesamecompany asa private, and in August, 1864, was promoted to bo a Corporal. In March, 1865, he was made First Sergeant, and served in that ca- pacity unlil November, 1865, when he was honor- ably discharged, having been with his regiment in all its marches, battles and campaigns. In 1884 our subject commenced business as pen- sion attorne3', which he has continued until the pres- ent time. On his return from the army his father di- vided his land with him, and he thus had eighty acres of timber land on which to make his start in life. He built on that pl.ace and commenced to clear a farm before his marriage. He also bought other land, until his farm contained two hundred acres, one hundred acres of it cleared, upon which he erected good farm buildings. He lived there until November 2 L 1886, when he removed to Me- tropolis, where he has resided ever since. He was married in 1872 to ^larUia A. Thompson, who was burn in Delaware, the daughter (>f Rev. .Jesse 432 I'oiMiiAir AM) i!I()(:rai'iiic'ai> review. and Ann (Landrelb) Thompson. Jesse Thompson was a native of New Jersey', where he was a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church for fifty-six years, and died at New Libert^', Pope Count3'. David Landreth, grandfather of Mrs. Liggett, was a native of Scotland, and came to this country during the Revolutionary War. lie was taken prisoner hy the Rritish, and when, near the close. of the wai', he was sent out of camp for water, he made iiis escape. He was a brother of C'uthbert Landreth, who established the well- known Landreth seed house in Philadelphia. Mr. and Mrs. Liggett have three cliildren, viz: Martha A., Alice JL and Jessie. The second child died in infanc}'. Mr. and Mrs. Liggett are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and great workers in the Sunday-school, of which the former is Secretary. He is a member of Tom Smith Post No. 345, G. A. R., and served as Sergeant Major in 1886 and 1887, and has been Adjutant since 1888. He is a Republican in politics. JESSE N. COX, who has been a resident of Burnside Township since 1855, and has lived on his present farm for the past twen- ty-two years, was born in Trigg Count3-, Ky., in 1838. His father, Jeremiah Cox, was a farmer, and was born in Stewart County, Tenn., iu 1806, not far from where his son was born. Jeremiah Cox married Obedience Holland, a na- tive of Kentucky. They lived a few years after their union in Stewart County, Tenn., and then moved to Calloway County, Ky., where they lived on their own farm until the fall of 1855, when they sold out and came to Johnson County, bring- ing with them their family of nine children, seven sons and two daughters. The journey of one hundred and ten miles was accouiplished with their own horse-team and covered wagon, and they drove before them their cattle. At that time they had but $800 and their stock, but managed to purchase two hundred acres of land with im- provements, including a log house, in Tunnel Hill Township, for ^800. This they made their permanent home, and tliore the mother died in September, 1855, one month after their arrival, aged forty-three years. The father was married the second time, to Sarah Riggers, of Illinois, and lived twenty-two years after the death of his first wife, dying in 1878, aged sixty-two years. One son, William B., who died in 1865, aged twenty- five, left a widow and three children. There are now living four male members of the family, viz: Perry, a farmer of Burnside Township; Jesse N.; Ricliard S.; and Franklin, a farmer of Burnside Townshii). Mr. Cox, of this sketch, had but little education in his 3'outh, and that was obtained in the sub- scription schools. He was when a boy inured to hard labor, and remained at home until he was twenty years old, and then worked on the farm summers, and taught school some eight winters, partly before and partly after his marriage. lie was married when twenty-five jears old, February' 3, 1863, to Miss Caroline Rushing, a daughter of Na- than and Maiy (Veal) Rushing, who came from Kentucky to Illinois before 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Cox first bought ninety acres of land in Tunnel Hill Township, where they lived six years, when they sold and moved to Burnside Township to their present farm. At first this farm consisted of sixty-five acres, but five years later the3^ added to it fifteen acres, and in 1881 eighty-five acres more were added, and since then twelve acres more, making a farm of one hundred and seventy-seven acres, which cost from $8 to ^¥16. 66 per acre. The}' at first lived in a small frame house, which was built in 1870, in the forest, and was a one- story structure, 14x16 feet in size, containing a large fireplace with its chimney built outside. The house stood on pedestals of stone and had but one room, and as there was that winter a storm of sleet which so loaded the trees that there was danger of their falling on this little house, Mr. Cox came to his empt^' cabin and felled the trees that overhung it. The farm was all timber land, and the one hundred acres now under culti- vation represent many hard days' work and toil, most of which he has done himself. He has been PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 433 .1 man of great strength and endurance, and is still well preserved and taking a merited rest. In 1890 he built his present commodious two-stor}- frame house, 16x36 feet, having seven large rooms and a fine double porch the entire length. Our subject's first wife died Aprd 14, 1872, leaving no children. His second wife was Miss Nancy Reeves, born in Texas and who came to Illi- nois in 1871. Her father was Absalom Reeves, and her mother Eliza C. Blaxton. both of Tennessee. She has two brothers, William Reeves, a farmer of Burnside Township, and Henry B. Reeves, a mer- chant of Mound City, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have buried two children, William T., aged four, and Louisa E., aged one year, and there are now living four sons and two daughters, viz: Charles B., seventeen 3'ears old; Mar3- O., fifteen; Lloj'd F., fourteen; Harvej' A., thirteen; Orpha .Ti, ten; and Henry Lee, nine; all are at home and attending school. Mr. Cox is a Master Mason, and a Democrat. Religiously he is a free thinker, and he has been a very successful man in his lifetime, which he at- tributes to skillful management, economical living and hard lahoi'. i>^-o a farmer of Pope County. He w.as married the second time, to India A. Story, of Pope County, bv whom he has the following chil- dien: Dosia, a school teacher of Pope County; Lillie L., deceased; Gracie, Henry Logan and Ressa 434 I'OlM'HAri' AM) lilOliUAl'lllCAL IfKVIKW. Young, all at home. Mr. Floyd is a Republican in politics, and is Iiiglily in favor of the best pos- sil)le educalioniil advjintixges for the young. He is giving his eiiilrlren tiie best of opportunities to lit tliem for the struggle in life, wliich can be suc- cessfully carried on only by superior intellectual power and knowledge. He is thus, as in other ways, proving himself to be a worth}' citizen of a great Republic, and is liighly appreciated and es- tecnU'd l)v all. ILLIAM T. MODGLIN was born in what r^ii is now Grantsburg Township, Joiinson "^^Z County, October 3, 1833, and is now a resident of Metropolis, Massac Countj'. His fa- ther, Benton Modglin, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., and was there reared and married. He emigrated to Illinois and was one of the pioneer settlers of Johnson County, where he secured a tract of Government land in what is now Grants- burg Township, cleared his farm and made his home there until his death, about 1851. The maiden name of his wife was Martha Haley. She was born in Tennessee and died a short time be- fore her husband, having been the mother of seven children, namely: Pleasant H., Nancy, Martha, Joe, William, Benton and James F. William T. Modglin attended the pioneer schools of Johnson County. They were taught in the primitive log house, with earth and stick chimney, a part of a log being taken out on one side for a window, and the seats made of split logs and wooden pins inserted for legs, with no backs behind and no desks in front. The country was then, of course, but little im- proved, there was no railroad for 3'ears, and the people lived almost exclusively off the products of tlieir farms and the wild game that was abund- ant in the woods. The motlier of William T. was accustomed to carding, siMnnmg and weaving, in that way dress- ing her children in homespun cloth and in clothes which were made by her own hand. After the death of bis parents, William T. Modglin went to live with an elder brotiier in Pope County and re- mained tliere one year, lie then engaged in farm- ing with his brother-in-law one year, and in his twentieth year married, after which he bought a land warrant of a Mexican soldier for eighty acres and secured the land in Grantshui-g Township. There was a log cabin on the i)lace, to which he took his bride and in which they began house- keeping. Tiie land was heavily timbered and lie commenced at once to clear up his farm, on which he lived one and a-lialf years, and then traded his eighty-acre farm for one hundred and twenty acres in the same precinct, and lived upon this latter farm until 1879. In the meantime he bought other land, and at one time owned eight hundred acres all in one body. About 1879, his health being very poor, he removed to Allen's Spring, Pope County, and bought a farm of one hundred and twenty-nine acres, remained there until Oc- tober, 1891, and then removed to Metropolis, where he has since lived retired from active business. Our subject was married April 16, 1853, t(i Rachael E. Simmons, who was born at Cape Girar- deau, Mo., February 8, 1834,and who was the daugli- ter of Lewis Simmons, of Wayne County, Tenn., his father, Thomas Simmons, being one of the pio- neer settlers in Pope County, having removed from Tennessee. He lived the rest of his life in that county and died there. The father of Mrs. Modglin went to Missouri when a young man, married in that State, and came from there to Illi- nois about 1836. He was a pioneer in Johnson County, secured Government land in what is now Simpson Township, improved a farm and resided tliere some jeais. He then removed to Grants- burg Township and here resided until his deatli. The parents of Mrs. Modglin reared four children, namely: Sarah, Irving, Hezekiah and Rachel. Our subject and his worthy wife have four chil- dren, namely: Nancy J., wife of W. J. ^Miller, who has seven children; Sarah C, wife of A. D. Howell; Fann}' B., wife of AVilliam B. Bivens, who has one child; and Ida ]\I., wife of Leonard Whitesidcs, who has one child. The parents of these children are members of the United Baptist Church, and Mr. Modglin is a Republican in politics. He served PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 435 three years in tlic late war, in Coirn)any A, One Hundred and Twcntietii Illinois Infantr}', and was captured and confined in Andersonville, where he remained ten months, and was so starved that he was not able to stand alone when liberated. But these privations did not (pieneh tiie patriotic fire that burned in his bosom, and we feel safe in say- ing that he would fight for his countr}' again if necessar}'. Iff OHN S. GULLETT, a farmer living on sec- tion 32, township 12, range 7, east, Pope ^ , County, is a son of Jolin GuUott, a native 1^/' of Tennessee. The father of John Gullett came to Illinois from Tennessee for the purpose of bettering his condition, and first located in Hardin C'ount\'. Like most of the early settlers in this part of the State, he came here poor, bringing with him in a wagon his household goods, and driving some cattle before him on the road. He secured some land, put in a crop, where he had himself made a clearing, and in that w.ay made a living for himself and familj-. John Gullett came through with his parents from Tennessee, and was brought up on the farm. His educational opportunities were very meagre and poor, schools being then few and far between; consecjuently his education was re.ally obtained by his own individual application and private studv and observation. When .about twent^'-one years of age he left the parental home and began to clear up a farm about five milesaway, having one yoke of oxen and borrowing another yoke from his father, with vvliicli he hauled to- gether the logs which he cut, camping out mean- while, and while doing this work had a very un- comfortable time generally. Few young men of the present day, perhai)s, would undertake a work of this kind, without a house to shelter them from the cold, which was at times so great as to freeze his ears. Thus our subjecfs father began life in the wild and heavily timbered country, and at length got such a start as to be able to build a log house from the logs he was cutting in the woods, a rude, prim- itive cabin, making in it a loft, in which he slept to keep away from the wolves. On account of the abundance of deer and wild turkeys there w.as no diflieulty in securing plenty of meat in Pope County. He lived there alone for some time, the nearest mill being fifteen miles away, except some mills run by horse power, which were a poor ex- cuse, but as a general thing the best the country then afforded. The mill mentioned as being fif- teen miles away was run by water power, and was much superior to the horse power mills; these were very slow and it was not uncommon for the patrons thereof to be compelled to wait some days for their turn to come. He thus lived a lonesome, dreary life for some time, but February 19, 1842, was married to Isabel Thompson, a native of Virginia, who shared life with him in his cabin in the wilderness, amid trials, hardships and deprivations that the j'ouno of the present day can hardl3' imagine to have ex- isted. Churches, schools and society, all were un- known as they exist to-day. He remained there improving his farm and making a good home for himself and family until he died, October 13, 1882, his wife having died April 25, 1863. November 29, 1866, John Gullett, Sr., was mar- ried the second time, to Amanda Me3-ers, who is still living in Pope Count3% and h.as lived most of the time on the old place, which is now occupied by one of her sons. She lives with her children, who are taking care of her in her later days. By the first marriage there were eight children, seven of whom are now living, viz: Xancy Jane, wife of August Cluge, of Golconda, 111.; James, a farmer near the old home; Flizabeth, wife of John Clymer, a farmer near the old home; Margaret, wife of E. Weekl}'; John S.; Samuel Green, a farmer of Pope County; and Thom!is,a farmer also of this county. By the second marriage there was a pair of twins, Albert and Henry, one living near the old place, and one living on it. Our subject was the fifth child by the first mar- riage and was born on the old homestead December 24, 1H.")3. He was brought up f)n the farm, and had to work hard when a bo v. tli(Hi<'h he had ex- i;5G Polv'TKAir AM) I'.KXIKAI'llICAL ItEVIEW. cellent opportunities for llic limes in wliicli ho lived to attend scliooi. Ilu did not, liowever. fully appreciate his privileges, find ol)tained only a limited education. When he was twenty years old he married Kate .Sutherland. When he went for his license to get married he had, all told, only llO in money, and when the expenses of the mar- riage ceremony' had been paid he had only ^C). Af- ter raising one crop on the old farm he rented a farm for one year, and then bought a farm in Pope County near Glendale, promising to pay $1,000 for the farm. He sold the farm three years afterward and returned to the old farm, and rented land in the vicinity for a number of years. After the death of his father, forty-seven acres fell to him from the estate, for which he bad to pay $50. On this land he lived until 1891, when he sold it and bought the farm where he now lives, which consists of one hundred and sixty acres, and cost him $1,050, the forty-seven acres selling for $750. During the short time our subject has lived on this place he has cleared up a por- tion, repaired the fences and otherwise improved the farm and has had good success as a farmer. He and his wife have five children, viz: Minnie, Otis, Peter, Bertie and Janey. To these children he is determined to give a good education, seeing now more clearly than he was able to when young the value of intellectual training. Politically, Mr. Gullett is a Democrat, and a member of Golconda Lodge of the Knights of Honor. He is a very pleasant gentleman, courteous and genial, and is highly respected by the entire community for the character he possesses and the success he has at- tained in life. ' AMES M. DOWNEY. Among Die farming community of Pope County, III., there is perhaps no man who deserves more honor- able mention than Mr. Downey, for it is to his own excellent qualities that he is possessed of his present fine property. He is a native of the Prairie State, having been born in (iallatin County in 1841. His father, however, who also bore the name of James M. Downey, was born in Jackson County, Ala., in 1820. The paternal grandfather was also James M. Downey, a North Carolinian by birth and a farmer by occujja- tion, which calling has descended from father to son down to the present generation. The grand- father reared seven children, of whom James M., tlie father of our subject, was the fifth. He, the grandfather, was a farmer and a minister of the Regular Baptist Church, and lived to a ripe old age, dying in Arkansas. The father was also a Regular Baptist minister, and was married to Lavina Gattes, a daughter of William Gattes, who was born on the Isle of Erin, but came to America when a young man of eighteen years, and first resided in Alabama, and then in Mississippi, where he died at an advanced age, in comfortable circumstances. He and his wife became the parents of eight children. In the fall of 1840 the parents of the subject of this sketch became residents of Gallatin County, 111., the long journey thither being made with ox- teams, they camping out on the waj'. The3' came without means, and after residing here a few years went to Randolph County, Ark., later returning to Illinois and settling on new laud near Vi- enna, Johnson County, about 1847. After improv- ing this land they sold it and settled on a tract of school land near Goreville, where the father owned at one time two. hundred and ninety acres. He disposed of this propert3' also and went to Middle Tennessee in 1868, where he died within two years, at about the age of fifty, leaving a widow and seven children. The mother was called from life in Mississippi about 1878, aged sixty years. Their children who are living are: James M.; Martha, wife of Columbus Humphrey, a farmer of Johnson County, 111.; Louisa, widow of Riley Ilutchens, who resides in the same county; Delilah, the wife of Calvin Green, a farmer of Arkansas; and Samuel II., of AV^est Tennessee. James M. Downey was reared a farmer's boy. but owing to the many changes of residence made b\^ his parents, and to the fact that the schools of those PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 437 ila^'S were poor and conducted on the subscription pLan, lie had little chance to obtain an education, but managed to become fairlj- well versed in the "three R's." In the fall of 1861 be volunteered in Batterv K, First Illinois Light Artillery, as a private, and m the spring of the following year was sent to the front. He was in but two skir- mishes, and was mustered out, owing to the fact that his right hand was badl3' crippled b}' the ex- plosion of a cartridge. He receives a pension of $24 per month. He also had a severe attack of lung fever and the measles while in the service, which left his health so shattered that he has since been unable to work to any extent. He was mar- ried in Jolinson County .July 31, 1864, to Miss Rebecca E. .Jones, a daughter of .Jackson and Eliza- beth (Ivey) .Jones, of Tennessee, in which State Mrs. Downey was born and reared. She came to Illinois in 1863, at the age of sixteen years, with her parents, who were Union s>'mpathizers, and left Tennessee on that account. Her father was at one time a well-to-do farmer of Kentucky. He served in the Rebel army for eighteen months, but with others changed his views at the end of that time, and after hearing a speech by a Confederate general, deserted the Confederate standard, stole away to his old Iveutucky home, and came thence to Illinois with his family. After the war he returned to Kentucky, where he died .Ala^- 7, 1873, at the age of forty-eight years. His first wife, the mother of Mrs. Downe}', died in Kentucky in 1857, when thirty-three years of age. She became the mother of four sons and four daughters: AV. \V. and .1. F. Jones, of Pope County, 111.; Mary F., wife of T. A. Hughes; Rebecca E.; Martha A., who lives in Middle Tennessee; two that die(i in early child- hood; and Lucinda L.. who died about the time she was grown. Mr. and Mrs. Downey resided in. Johnson County for three years, and then moved to Kentucky with Mr. .Jones, but became resident*- of Mississippi in 18711, and there lived for eighteen months. They then returned to Kentucky, but in 1880 took up their residence in southwest Missouri. Four years later they went to McCracken County, Ky., but three years later found them in Metropolis, III., and in May. 18111, they settled on land on wiiicli a son is residing about one mile from their present place. On the latter place they settled in Se|)teinbcr, 1891. He is the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of land, eighty of which are under cultivation, and this, with tiie farm on which his son resides, amounts to two hundred and fourteen acres. He and his wife have two sons. William .J., who w.is born in Kentucky August 24, 1867, and is now farming on the above-mentioned place, is married and has three daughters; and Luther L., who was born in Ken- tucky, March 26, 1877, is at home with his parents. Tlie\- also lost a son and daughter in infancy. Mr. Downey has been a M.ason since 1857, and politically, is a Republican. ,^^o> J I AMES M. KENNEDY, a prosperous farmer I living on section 14, township 15, range 4, ! east, in Massac County, is a son of Levi .^^1 Kennedy, who was a native of Ohio, where he w.as a farmer. He removed from his native State in 1847 and came to Illinois, settling in Massac County. He w.as a poor young man at the time of removal, and settled on a farm, which he immediately began to clear, making a home for himself and his future family. He was married in Massac Countj' in 1852, to Maiy Tosser, who is still living on the homestead. Levi Kennedy died in 1888, having been the father of twelve children, eight of whom arc now living, viz: IMary, wife of Samuel Dailey, of Metropolis; Hannah, wife of Solomon Grace, a farmer; .lames M.; Agnes, liv- ing with her mother; Fannie, wife of J. Grace, a farmer; Levi, .John and Aurora, all at home. The names of the four that have died were Charles, Victoria, Rachel and Robert I). James M. Kennedy was born in Mass.ic County , August 30, 1858, and was brought up to hard work on a farm, attending common school suHi- eiently to secure a fair English education. He re- mained at home until his marriage in April, 1891, to Emma Weseinan, who was from Cincinnati, her 438 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. parents now botli living in M.issac County. After liis marriage Mr. Kennedy bought a farm of forty improved acres, upon wliich lie has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have one child, IJlanclie. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and is an Odd Fellow, and both he and his wife are well- known and highly appreciated members of society, and are industrious and honest people. Mr. Ken- nedy is a genial gentleman, whom it is a pleasure to meet, and has a fine little farm, a comfortable home, and commands the respect and confidence of the communit3' in which he lives. ]^^-^l Wl AMES M. GRIFFITH is a son of Owen R. Griffith, who was born in Virginia and re- ^,^1 moved to Campbell County, Ky., at an early ({^// day. He was a soldier in the War of 1812 and took an active part in the battle of New Orleans. After the war closed he settled in Spen- cer County, Ind., and engaged in farming. He was united in marriage with Elizabeth Stark, of Kentucky. His father, Abraham Griffith, came from Wales and settled in Virginia. Owen R. Griff- ith was the father of ten children, only three of whom are now living, viz: Vicenna, wife of Will- iam Gassoway, of Spencer Couut3\ Ind.; John L., living in the same county; and James M., the sub- ject of this sketch. Our subject was born January 27, 1823, in Spencer County, Ind., and while a boy assisted his father on the farm , working during the sum- mer months and attending the countr}- schools in the winter, in this way obtaining a good practical education. He was married March 8, 1849, to Catherine G.Bryant, daughter of Lewis Bryant, of Kentucky. At twenty-five years of age he became a soldier in the Mexican War, in which he served fifteen months, and was honorably discharged at Newport, Ky. He then returned to Spencer County, Ind., and engaged in farming, and later became engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 186(i he re- moved to Carrsville, Ky., engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was a successful merchant there for nine years. He afterward engaged in farming from 1876 to IHHO. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1883 and served in that capacity until he removed to Elizabeth town, February 22, 1886. He was elected Justice of the Peace in Elizabethtown and this olfice he still holds. He has been the father of seven children, three of whom still survive, viz: Alamandor S., living in Illinois; Mary E., wife of H. Robert Fowler and living in Elizabethtown, and Tula E., wife of A. M. Baldwin, living in Kentucky. Politically, Mr. Griffith is a Democrat. He is a member of Lodge No. 387, A. F. A: A. M., at Carrsville, Ky. While he is not a member of an }• church, he is an ardent advocate of the doc- trines of the Primitive Baptist denomination, to which his wife belongs. W ILLIAM F. ROSS. This successful farmer of Pope Count}' resides on section 36, township 13, range 6, east. He is a son of Robert Ross, who was born in Giles County, Tenn., and was reared on a farm, receiving such an edu- cation as was customary in those days in that State, and which was very limited. Robert was a son of Adam Ross, who came to the United States from Ireland, and settled in Tennessee. After some time he removed to Arkansas, where he died. Robert Ross went with his father to Arkansas, about 1830, and remained there until 1864. He was married in Arkansas to Caroline Leonard, who was born in South Carolina. After bis marriage he followed farming in Arkansas and also worked at the carpenter's trade for some time. Selling his farm, Mr. Ross came to Illinois and settled in Pope County. He was a Union man, and when the war came it was not long before Ar- kansas became too hot for him. He came to Illi- nois in 1864, a poor man, reduced in circumstances by the progress of the war. After a great deal of dilHculty he secured transportation for himself PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 439 and family at Little Rock, and being compelled to go sonu'wheiv lie came to Illinois. For a time he farmed on rented land, but at length moved to the farm now owned by the subject of this sketch. He spent the rest of his days on that farm, dyingin 1880. His wife died the same year. To the marriage of Robert Ross with Miss Leon- ard there were born ten children, as follows: Washington, who died in tlie rebel army; a child tliat died in infancy; Missouri, who died in Pope County; William F., the subject of this sketch; Mary, who died in Pope County; Louisa, wife of George Hancock, living near Charleston, Missis- sippi Countv, Mo.; Rebecca, Samuel, Susan and Sallie, all four of whom died in Pope Counlj'. William F. Ross was born in Arkansas, September 30, 1847. He was reared on the farm and edu- cated in private schools. From Iho necessity of laboring when a boy, he formed habits of industry which have been immensely valuable to him in life. He remained at home with liis parents until 1863, when he enlisted, I)eceml)er 25, in Company II, Second Arkansas Infantry, and was in the ser- vice nineteen months. At the close of the war he was discharged. He served in man}' battles and skirmishes, among tliem Prairie d' Anne, Camden, Jenkins' Ferry and Ozark. He was wounded at .Jenkins' Ferry, and suffered man}' hardships dur- ing his term of service. He was sick three months with malarial fever, and his siglit and hearing were permanently injured by the too close explos- ion of a uhell. His parents having removed to Pope County, (jur subject came to them after the war was at an end. He at first worked at tlie carpenter's trade and has followed it more or less ever since. His health being permanently im|)aired, he has been unable to do much manual labor since his armj- service. He continued to take care of Ills father until 1872, when he married Serepta Holmes, a native of Pope County. His father died on the farm and his mother departed this life in Kentucky. The old place was then sold and he moved to his present location in 18U2, having secured the farm of sixty acres upon which he now lives. He and uis wife have had five children: Alfred, deceased; .luliii. I (hi. Carrie and \Villi:un, wIkj are at home. Mr. Ross is a firm believer in the education of youth, and is giving his children the best advan- tages possible. He is a member of (Jolconda Post, G. A. R., and of Temple Hill Lodge No. 701, A. F. & A. M. Mr. and Mrs. Ross are members of the Baptist Church, and are zealous and efficient workers in the Sunda3'-scho<)l. He is an enter- prising and useful citizen, who exerts his influence for good, and enjoys the high respect of his fel- low-citizens. If_^ IRAM C. FISHKR, M. D., a practicing phy- y sician of Metropolis, was born in A'ander- burgh County, Ind., to John T. Fisher, M- D., a native of Virginia, who was born near Richmond, and his father, William Fisher, was, so far as is known, also a native of Virginia, who emigrated to Tennessee and was an early settler of that State, following farming there while he lived. John T. Fisher was J'oung when his parents re- moved to Tennessee, but being of a studious turn of mind he made the best of his opportunities and early began the study of medicine. He first en- gaged in practice in Henderson County, Iv}-., and about 1834 removed from Kentuck}- to Indiana, where he bought land in Vanderburgh County and engaged in farming as well as in the practice of medicine. He resided there until his death, in 1866. The maiden name of his wife was Emeline Cloud, who was born in Hardin County, Ind., and was the daughter of Ilirain W. and Nanc}- (Girard) Cloud, natives of Hardin County. She died on the home farm in Vanderburgh County in 1859. Hiram C. Fisher, being the only child of his par- ents, was given all the advantages of an edu- cation that were to be had in the pioneer schools of N'anderburgh County, Ind. The schools were of course much the same and kept in the same kind of schoolhouses, similarly furnished, as those in southern Illinois of the same day and age. There were then but three months of school in the year, so that with poor schools, and those 440 POKTHAir AM) liKKJRAIMIICAL I{K\' I KW. kept only n iiuartcr child's loaniing obtuiiied therein would be very extensive. He later attended Evans- ville Commercial College, from which he was graduated in 1857. He afterward turned his at- tention to the study of medicine and was gradu- ated from the Medical College of Ohio in 1868. He almost immediatel3' began practice in Vander- burgh County, and remained there thus engaged until 1871, when he removed to New Liberty, Pope County, 111., where he remained until 1882. In that year he removed to Metropolis and lias been there actively engaged in Die imictico of his pro- fession ever since. Our subject was married in 1859 to Adelaide Morse, who was born in Vanderburgh County, Ind., and who died in the same county in 1866. By his first marriage Mr. Fisher had one child, Emma, wife of .lames E. Slicarer. B3' the second wife, to whom he was married in Cincinn.iti, Ohio, Marcli 4, 1868, and who was Miss Amanda McElevey, he bad two children, Grace C. and Hodge T. June 30, 1886, the Doctor was married to Grace Slater. Hy this union there is no issue. Dr. Fisher is a mem- ber of the Southern Illinois Medical Association and is also connected with Metropolis Lodge No. 91, A. F. & A. M. The Doctor ranks high among his brethren in the medical profession and success had attended him in his practice. His ser- vices are deen.ed invaluable by his fellow-citizens, and he is a gentleman of marked culture and refine- ment. YLVESTER WHITEHEAD was born in Arkansas November 15, 1849, and was brought to Illinois by his parents when three years of age, and in this State he has since resided, being located in Tunnel Hill Town- ship, Johnson County. His father, James Whitehead, was born in Mississi|)pi in 1820, and was a son of Matthew AVIiitehead. a farmer, and a native of South Carolina, who was born about 1795. The father of Mattiiew Whitehead was James White- iiead, a wealthy farmer, who operated a number of mills on his farm, and was born in eitlicr Maryland or South Carolina. His wife was a Miss Melton, who bore him four cliildren, two sons and two daugh- ters, Mattiiew being their first born. James was a local Metiiodist preacher, and both he and his wife died when about sixty years of age. Their chil- dren were Matthew, Mary, John and Sophia. Tlie first-named son married Anna Walker, a native of Maryland and a daughter of Ilezekiah Walker, who was a wealthy planter and slaveholder in Missis- sippi. His son Ilezekiah owned many slaves until they were set free b}' the War of the Rebellion. Matthew Whitehead and his wife went to Missis- sippi soon after their marriage, about 1815, and bought large farms, and were engaged for the most part in growing corn and cotton. They sub- sequently removed to the northeastern part of Arkansas, where they resided until their death. He died in 1860 and his widow, who was in frail health at that time, died very soon afterward. They had a family of six sons and five daughters, all of whom have died except James and Ids brother Alfred, who is now a farmer in the same township. The father of our subject was reared ou a farm, and when seventeen years old married Minerva Pa^-ne, who was born in Tennessee. They settled on a farm of eighty acres on the line between Mississippi and Alabama, and about seven years later removed to Arkansas, where they bought one hundred and sixty acres of wild land worth then about $4 per acre. After living on this farm un- til the fall of 1851, he came to southern Illinois, in companj' with two other families, making the journey in a large covered wagon, drawn by two yoke of oxen, and camping out on the way. Mr. Whitehead first stopped in Franklin County, 111., but the face of the country there was too low and flat for him, as he was seeking a more healthful climate than he had left in the South. He there- fore removed to Johnson Count}' and bought one hundred and twenty acres of land with a small log hut upon it, into which he moved, and in which he lived two years. He then built a good hewed- log one, which was one and one-half stories higii. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 441 npw a part of liis present abode. He has since then owned as imicli as six liundred anres of land, much of whicli cost him but twelve and a-half cents per acre under tlie Bitt Act. He has sold off and deeded to his sons portions of the six hundred acres, until now he has left but two hundred and twenty acres. His sons, however, own here in a body over one thousand acres. His first wife died April 8, 1891, about seventy-five years old, leav- ing three sons: John, a farmer on an adjoining farm; Finus, a retired farmer living at Creal .Springs; and Sylvester, a merchant at Tunnel Hill. Our sul)jecf.s father was again married, August 7, 1891, this time to Mrs. William Penfield, nee Martha Phillips, daughter of John and Marj- (Holly) Phillips, from Tennes.see, where she was born in 1849. When Mrs. Wiiitehead was a child her mother died in Illinois, and her father, who resides in Kentucky, is about sixty-seven years old. She has three children living, viz: .John Johnson, a farmer at Norris City, White County; Theodore, aged fifteen; and Robert, aged thirteen years, both at home and in school. Mr. White- head is a Master Mason. Sylvester Whitehead was roared on his father's farm, and attended the district school winters un- til he was twenty-one, and spent two summers in school in Vienna. He was married May 29, 1873, to ^Miss Mary E. Brooks, of Tennessee, who came to Johnson C'l unt^' in 1860. Her father, Samuel Brooks, died about 1849, before she was born, and her niotiier died in 1884, at the age of sixty- eight years, leaving her and a brother, Joseph, who is a farmer. She has lost one brother and three sisters. Mr. Whitehead and his wife began life in their present homo, and he bought the store build- ing of J. K. Graham; the}- were in partnership for about eighteen months, when the firm was dis- solved, -Mr. Whitehead continuing the business alone. He was burned out in February', 1881, los- ing «!7,000, and had no insurance. In 1882, he built his present large two-story brick store, 6r)x26 feet in dimensions, in which he carries a large stock of general merchandise, and is doing a busi- ness of about *r2.(l()U i)cr year. He has been N()tnr\- I'nlilic twelve years, and Postmaster nine years, since 1881, and was again elected to the same position in 1890. He has always been a Re- publican in politics, is a Royal Arch M.-ison, and has been an Odd Fellow for twenty years. He owns five hundred acres of well-improved land. He has been the father of five children, three sons and one daughter, infants, deceased, and one son living, Noel, born March 7, 1874, who is at col- lege in Quinc3', III., taking a business course. Mr. Whitehead is one of the prosperous fanners and successful business men of this section of the Slate. m^ 1 1^ * ». . OBERT MILLER. Piuminent among the able, energetic and honest farmers of Johu- tiiWl son County- is the gentleman whose name ^ heads this biographical sketch, and of whom we take pride in recording the fact that he early began in life for himself, and b}' his push, pluck and perseverance has won the reputation of being a ver^' successful agriculturist of Simpson Township. Mr. Miller was born December 11, 1842, to Mar- cus and Susan (Shelton) Miller, who were both natives of Tennessee. The father of -Susan Shel- ton, who bore the given name of Spencer, was also born in Tennessee, but came to Illinois in an carl 3" day, where he settled on Government land in Johnson County. At the time of his death he had attained the great age of one hundred years. The father of our subject came to lllir.ois with Spencer Shelton, his father-in-law, and bought land near (irantsburg, Johnson County, upon which he resided until his death, which occurred in the year 1867. After the death of his father, our subject, who was then twenty-five years of age, was married and began life on his own ac- count. The wedding was celebrated May 1, 1867, Miss Susan Trigg, a native of Illinois, becoming his wife. Mrs. Miller is the daughter of William and Ruth (Sharp) Trigg, both of Illinois. < )ur subjoi't has a well-improved farm on section 142 I'OlM'lJArr AM) I'.IOC.RArillCAL I{K\IK\V. 17, upon whicli lie now resides with his amiable wife and four children, naniel3-: (Jllie, Minnie, Henry and Sarah. The family are members of the Cumberland I'resbyterian Church, and Mr. Miller is a member of tlic Democratic party. He is a iienlloman possessing a genial dis()osition, and has nianv warm friends in tliis vicinity ^>^^( .I.e. Ilciwcll. .-iiul Lewis fi. The mother of .lolin T. Cumniins is a member lcouda. He 448 I^ORTRAIT AND BIOCRArHlCAL REVIEW. worked luud and assisted in llic oarc of iiis mother !ind early goL some ediicalioii, later attending school in Metropolis, where he reocived a tolerabl}' fair education. He clerked in a store for some time, and then again went on the river, having a posi- tion on a boat. He remained thus engaged twoor three j'ears, making two trips a year from Cincin- nati to New Orleans, and then stopped off at Me- tropolis. While he was thus waiting, Capt. .Smith arrived in the city, recruiting for the Mexican War, and young Carmichael enlisted with him, going as a teamster; be served one year and had consid- erable army experience. He was in the battles of Vera Cruz, Resaca de la Palma, and other battles. At one time his team ran away and crip- pled him somewhat, but he started home and was detained ou the way in the hospital at New Orleans several weeks. He reached home finally in August, 1818, and went to work at the carpenter's trade, at which he continued until 1851. In 1849 he was married to Jane E. Rose, a daughter of Col. Zach- ariah Rose, of Alabama, who removed to Massac County- and lived there until his death in 1852, his wife dying in 1864. Col. Rose was a farmer in Alabama, and quite a prominent man, having held several positions of honor and trust in his native State, among them those of Siieriff and Tax Collector. After his marriage Col. Carmichael worked on at the carpenter trade about two years, and then removed to Memphis, and went into the car factory there, and helped to build the first cars used on the Memphis A- Charleston Railroad. He remained there two years, and was then for a time on the po- lice force and was later appointed Jailer. In 1860 he returned to Metropolis and engaged in the gro- cerv and drv-goods business, which, however, was tooconfining for his nature, and he builta flouring mill, which he operated until the War of the Rebel- lion came on, when he put a stock of goods on a boat, and went down to Island No. 10, leaving the mill in charge of his brother. He was there when Ft. Sumter was fired upon and the excite- ment became very great. He Mien moved the goods out of the boat and sold it, and as the ex- citement grew he was glad to return to Metropolis with a vcrv few things, the remnant of his shii)- ment Soutii. In the fall of 1861, he raised Com- I)any 1!, Kifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and went into the army as Captain, and in 1862 was again in Me- tropolis, recruiting for his company. He was soon promoted to be Major and then to be Lieutenant- Colonel, and when the Tenth and Fifteenth Regi- ments were consolidated, lie was made Colonel of the regiment, which went by the name of the Tenth. He was in the service of his country nearly five years, had experience of all kinds, was in many battles and skirmishes and vvas frequently com- mended for acts of bravery and heroism. After the war our subject returned to Metropolis and engaged in farming for two years. He then moved into town and engaged in the milling busi- ness. Later he went to New Grand Chain and 0])erated the same mill, which he had moved, for a time and then went to Memphis and had charge of a soda factory two years. Returning to Metropolis he was elected Justice of the Peace, being no longer able to do hard work, on account of impaired health caused by his army service. He remained in Metro- polis until his death, February 14, 1881. Col. Car- michael was an Odd Fellow and a Mason, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He and his wife, who too has passed away, were the parents of three children, viz: Jesse L., Kate and Richard B., all of whom are dead. Col. Carmichael was a brave and patriotic soldier, a prominent man in army circles after the war and left a name which will ever endure for both soldierly and civic vir- tues, and which will always be an inspiration to patriotism and duty. ^^li-^-i^i^^l C4l Ife HIVING FOOTE, a farmer living on sec- \/\j/l tion 36, township 13, range 6, Pope County, \^^ is a son of John Foote, a native of Tomp- kins County, N. Y., and he was a son of Philip Foote, who lived and died in New York State. John Foote was reared on the farm, and received a good common-school education in the schools of his native State. He remained at home working PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 449 on the farm and attending school until he was twenty-two joars of age, when he started out in life for himself. He had ae(iuired some knowl- edge of mecluuiics, and was a brickla_yer, a stone- mason and a stonecutter, and had worked at these different trades for some time before he went to Xew Orleans. Being a good workman he readil3^ found something to do in New Orleans, and re- mained there until 1838, earning and saving some money. He then moved his family to New Orleans and remained there with them until 1843. During this year he came to Illinois, arriving at Metropolis on the 8th of November, 1843, having come up the Mississippi River. At this time, though he was not rich, he was able to purchase a farm of one hundred and twenty .icres, of which forty-five acres were cleared. There was a little log cabin on the cleared portion, and into this he moved his famil}-. and here they lived until 1853. He at this time sold his farm, which was [jartiallj' improved, and bought another in the same part of the State, upon which tliere were no improvements. Upon this new farm he erected a log house, moved into it and began to make a new home. Here he re- sided until his death in 1883, his wife having died some sixteen 3eai-s before, in 1867. These parents had four children: Washington Irving; Mar^-, wife of .Tolni Settle, a farmer of I\)(ie County; .Tohn, ,'i mechanic of Mount \'ernon, Mo.; and I'hilip. who died in infancy. Washington Irving Foote was born in Buffalo, N. Y., February IS), 1833, where he was reared and received a good education up to the time when the family went to New Orleans. He was ten years old when they reached Illinois, and from that time on what he learned in sciiool was in the primitive .schools of this part of the State. With the exception of the summer of 18.");') and oneycar spent in Minnesota (18.')!»), he remained at home until his father's death. He was married April 13, 1865, to Mary C. 'Conner, from .Jefferson Count3-, whose parents now live in Pope County, and follow farming. By this marriage I\Ir. Foote has had the following children: Florence and An- nie, deceased; .Vrthur, a farmer of Pope County; Hal, living in Pope County; Nellie, wife of George Johns, of Golconda. III.; Sidney, deceased; Nora. at home; John, deceased; George, Nelson, Myrtle, Ivie, Rollie and Frederick, all at home. Mr. Foote is a strong believer in the education of the 3'oung, and is giving his own children every op- portunity for becoming educated that lies within his reach. Politically, he is a Populist, believing the old parties are corrupt and that the3' have passed their d.ays of usefulness. He is an honest and intelligent man, a good farmer, and is liighlv ap- preciated and esteemed by his fellow-citizens. m ^ OHN C. BARNWKLL, a resident of Simpson Township, Johnson County, was born in Orange County, N. C, February 21, 1829. lie isason of William and Nancy (Martin) Barnwell, who were natives of North Carolina and Virginia respectively. AVilliam Barnwell, af- ter his marriage in North Carolina, and after far- ming for some time, removed to Tennessee and followed farming there five years. He then sold out and came to Illinois, locating in Johnson County, where he has since resided. The trip from Tennessee here occupied a week's time. He crossed the Ohio River at Metropolis on a flatboat just large enough to carry one wagon at a time, and purchased land in Simpson Township, where he resided until his death, which occurred in Oc- tober, 1866. He filled the olfice of Associate Jus- tice and Countv Commissioner some time, dis- charging his duties faithfully and satisfactorilv in that line. John C. Barnwell remained at home until he was twenty-one years of .age, when he was married, February 21, 1850, the twenty-first anniversary of his birth, to Nant\v J. Roberts, whose parents were natives of Kentucky, the father dying in his native State and the mother p.assing away in Illinois, .lolin C. Ilarnwell first took up Government land, and afterward purchased land in Simpson Town- ship, where he now resides. He atone time owned two hundred and eighty acres of land, but has sold off portions of it until now ho onlv owns one 450 PORTRAIT AND lilOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. •liundi-ed and fourteen acres. He lias been a mem- ber of tlie School Board for a number of years, and has boen instrumental in advancing education. He enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, August 12, 18G2, and was discharged September 10, 1865, having partic- ipated in the battle of Milliken's Hend, La., in the siege of Vicksburg and at lludsonville. Miss. He has eleven children living: William Henry, .losiah W., Francis M., John W., Eliza A., George W., Thomas C, Rebecca, Charlie G., Xanc\' J. and Adolphus. Our subject is a member of the Cum- berland I'resbyterian Church, and in politics has always been a warm sui)porter of the Republican princit)les and platform. He is well known in this community and has done much to assist in the up- ward progress of .Simpson Township. ^^ I-:ORGE .1. CALHOON was born in Maishall '|[ (^— . County, Tenn., in 1833, and now resides in ^^^41 Tunnel Hill Township, Johnson County. His father, Jacob J. Caihoon, was born in the same Stale in 1802 and was a son of George Caihoon, who ■was a native of Korth Carolina but was reared in Tennessee. The paternal progenitors of this fam- ily were of Irish stock, and those on the mother's side of English ancestry-. George Callioon mar- ried Martha Julian, a native of Georgia. Tlie3^ were married in Tennessee and lived there on their farm all their lives. Mr. Caihoon was an exten- sive farmer and reared five sons and one daughter. His widow died in Johnson Count3' in 1858, nearly ninety' years old. Zaccheus Caihoon, uncle of George J., came to Illinois in 1850, and George Caihoon, father of .lacob .I.,caine in 1852, bringing his twelve children. When he came to Illinois he had some capital and obtained eight hundred acres of land in .Johnson Count}', on which he lived but a few years, dying in 1855, aged flfty-three years. Ilis wife was Rebecca McCall, of Tennes- see, daughter of Thora.as McCall and his wife, who was a Miss Gilmcirc, and who died in Felniiary, 1867, at the age of sixty-five j'ears. Their family of six sons and seven daughters all grew to adult age but one, Samuel, who died in Tennessee at the age of fourteen. Five sons and three daughters arc now living, of whom George .1. is the fifth child in order of birth. Our subject was reared to rural life in Tennessee, receiving but a meagre education, and none what- ever in Illinois, for he was obliged to help his fa- ther gain a livelihood for the large family. He lived with his parents until his father's death and was married in his twenty-eighth year to Miss Martha J. Diiiin, daughter of Priulia and Edna (l)raughon) Dunn, who came to Illinois in 1838, after being reared and married in Tennessee. Mrs. Caihoon was the third child and first daughter in a famil}' of nine children, and after her marriage with our subject she began life in a neat hewed- log cabin on an eighty-acre farm bought of Mr. Caihoon 's father, who built the house himself and also added to it a good stone chimney. He cleared up this farm and added forty acres to it, which he bought from the Illinois Central Railroad Com- pany at $7 per acre, and after living twelve years there he sold out and bought their present home, w^bere he owns one hundred and twenty acres. Mr. Caihoon and his wife lost of their children twin inf.ant daughters seven months old in 1867 and one infant son in 1880. A daughter, Mary Jane, died in 1877, at five3-earsof age; Samuel C, who was a bright and intelligent young man, just preparing to teach school, died in 1881 at twenty- one years of age, of measles; Martha E. died in 1882 in her fifth 3'ear; Flora, a young lad}- of twenty years, died August 4, 1890. The latter was preparing to teach, and had overtaxed her strength in stud}', and died of nervous troubles. The liv- ing children are: George P., a farmer near New Burnside, who has two sons; R. E.,a single man of twenty-eight; Zaccheus T., M. 1)., of Eddyville, Pope County; Sarah E., a J'oung lady; John H.,:i youth of seventeen; Benjamin F., fifteen year? old; William A., eleven years; and James AV., eight years old. The last five are all at home. Mr. and. Mrs. Caihoon are still working on the farm and are doing a general farming business, raising an abundance of wheat, corn, hay, oats PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 451 ;iii(l si(](U-. My. C'allioon was formerly a Demo- unil, but has luci'iitly become a Prohibitionist and now exerts his influence in that direction. Al- thougii he never aspired to otlice of anj- kind, yet lie is firm in liis belief and is always ready to help |)romote the general welfare of this locality'. y SALTER J. CASl'ER, a successful farmer f and stock-raiser of Burnside Township, ^^ Johnson County, was born near Anna, Union County, 111., on the 23d of September, 18.50, to Peter II. Casper, who was born on the same farm about the year 1831, and was a son of Peter Casper, a farmer of North Carolina, who removed from that State to Union County at a ver^- early day. Peter Casper came with his own team and wagon, bringing his family' with him, consisting of his wife, four sons and four daugh- ters. Like most of the early pioneers, they were npt wealthy people, but yet had some means, and soon owned considerable land, much of which had been entered from the (iovernment. He built a double hewed-log house, the remains of which still stand where built, a portion of the farm still remaining the property of the family, the old hewed-log house having long been superseded by a comfortable frame structure, in which the family now resides. Grandfather Casper owned many farms at the time of his death, which occurred in 1856, his wife having died some time before. Peter H. was reared on the farm and was a life-long farmer, living dur- ing his entire life on the old homestead upon which he was born. He married Elizabeth A. Hen- derson, of Johnson County, a native of Tennessee, who was brought to Illinois when a child b}' her father, who was the Rev. Rollins Henderson, cousin of Hon. Tom Henderson. Peter l\. Casper and his wife buried two infant children, one son and a daughter, and one son aged about three years, Columbus Bonaparte. Peter H. Casper himself died in 1878. aged fifty-seven years, and his widow, who siill >urvives. is living witii iier cliihlren. She is a vigorous woiiwn to-ilay.is tifty-niiu' years old, and the mother of seven children living, of whom AValter J. is the eldest; America J., wife of .loliii T. l^sserv, residing in Anna, 111.; Stephen Douglas, of Nevada, Mo.; Lincoln L.; Addie L., wife of J. II. Appell, a farmer of I'nion County, who was for many years a surgeon in the army: John U., of Anna, this State; and Oscar II. AValter J. Casper attended the district school un- til eleven years of age. Upon attaining his raa- jorit3' he went to tlie village of Anna and opened a store near the depot, which he conducted for three years and then returned to the farm. At the age of twenty-eight he was married to Marie C. Miles, a native of St. Lawrence County, N. Y., and a daughter of William T. and Lyla F. (Mar- shall) Miles, both of the same county, who came to Union County in 18{)7. Mr. Miles had been a farmer in New York, and came AVesl partly for the benefit of his health. lie died January 15, 1881, aged fifty-two years, and his widow is now tlu' wife of Rev. James Lafferty, of l']dw.irdsville. III. Mr. Casper has one brother, Arthur (). Miles, a resident of Burnside. She bore her husband three chil- dren: one infant son and one little boy, Norman AValter, five years of age, both deceased, and a daughter Iva, born January- 4, 1893. Our subject sold his farm in Union Count}' in the fall of 1888, and came to his present home, a farm of one hundred and twenty acres. For this farm he paid $4,000, the present fine house and barn having been erected before he made the purchase. It is a fine, rich farm on the table-lands near New Burn- side, and Mr. Casper has been engaged in general farming for the most part, but is now working in- to horticulture. He is a fancier of sheep and has a fine flock of pure blood Southdowns and is selling them at about $10 per head for breeding purposes. He also keeps some good draught horses, as well .as cattle and hogs. The father of Mr. Casper was a soldier in the Mexican AVar, but not being able to go into the AVar of the Rebellion he raised many volunteers for the army. He was a Douglas Dem- ocrat in 1860, but since that time has been a true and loyal Republican. His son, AValter J., was also a Republican up to 1888, when the People's part}' was fornu'd, and since that lime he has lieen a mem- 452 I'DRTUAir AND 15lO(;UAl'lll('AL KKNIKW. ber of this new party. He was a delegate to the General Assembly of this party, but sent his alter- nate. Mrs. Casper is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and lias been an elllcient aid to that de- nomination for a number of 3'ear.'<. i->-^^(>r of Tom Smith Post No. 345, G. A. K. i^+^i AMUEL AV. HESTER. A very neat and well-kept establishment is that of Samuel W. Hester, who is a successful merchant of Metropolis, 111., his stock of goods be- ing large and complete in the most select and latest styles and designs. It is needless to add that Mr. Hester thoroughly understands every branch of the business and is able to give his patrons the benefit of the very best experience. He is a son of .lohn .1. Hester, who was born in Virginia in 1817, was there reared on a farm, and obtained a thorough common-school education in the rural districts. Upon becoming legally responsible for his actions he started out in life for himself, and, as was but natuial, chose the occupation of farm- ing, for with that he was the most familiar. He became a resident of the State of Illinois in 1853, and settled in Randolph County, where he made his home until 185C, when he entered a tract of land in Johnson County, which he continued to work and improve until 1862. He then accepted the positi(.>n of Deputy Sheriff, the duties of which he discharged in an able and praiseworthy manner for several years, and was then chosen Sheriff, his ollicial career meeting with such general satisfaction that he was retained in the position for twelve years. He is now living at New Burnside, in Johnson County, 111. He was married in 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Matthews of Kentucky, and to them thirteen children were born, of whom the following named are living: Samuel W.; Mary .M., widow of D. Sherer; Newton J.; and Adaline, widow of David Renfro. John. William E. and Josiah are dead, and the remaining members of the family died in early childhood. Samuel W. Hester was born in Trigg County, Ky., December 23, 1841, and his youth and early manhood were spent on a farm. On the 22d of August, 1861, he could no longer repress his patriotic feeling and accordingly enlisted in Companj' D, Thirtj--first Illinois Infantry-, un- der John A. Logan, and with his command was sent to the scene of action. He was after- ward in the engagements at Belmont, Ft. Henry, Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Ft. Gibson, Ray- mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg, Lost Mountain and Atlanta. He was with Sherman in his notable march to the sea, and closed his military career with the Grand Iveview at AVashington, 1). C. He received his discharge at Springfield, HI., and returned to his home with the consciousness of having performed every dutj' as- signed him to the best of his ability and to tlu^ satisfaction of his commanding officers. He was faithful, courageous and zealous, and it is to such men as Mr. Hester that the country owes its salvation. His health was much impaired b}' the hardships in the field and on the march and he was almost blind with sore e3'es, with which he had been troubled for three ^ears. For several 3-ears Mr. Hester worked as a laboier in a gristmill and also at carpentering, then clerked in a dry-goods store for one year. He then gave up his clerical position to turn his at- tention to tilling the soil, and after farming on rented land for two years, he purchased a place of his own and spent three 3'ears in bringing it to a good state of cultivation and improvement. He then sold his property and took up his residence in Metropolis, where he founded his present mer- cantile establishment, which has been a financial success from the start. Mr. Hester has alwaj's been a live, energetic business man and he has ever retiiined the confidence of the community at large, and brings to bear the (pialitications essential to maintain a leading place in his line of trade. iMr. Hester has been married three times, first in September, 1H65, to Amanda Depoyster, of Vienna, 158 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 111., wLo bore him four children: Clara Bell (de- ceased), Kdgar A., Fr.anklin J. and Cora May. The mother died in Decemlier, 1871, and in .luly, 1876, he wedded Alice Johnson, of New Burnside, 111., and to them four children were also given: one who died in infanc}'; William, deceased; Arthur and Kirk. In October, 1885, Mr. Hester ■was again left a widower, and in June, 1886, he espoused Miss Sarah A. Baker, of Illinois. They have three children: Robert C. (deceased), Gracie and Bessie. Mr. Hester is a member of Post No. 36;"), G. A. R. and politically is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. (^^IIOMAS A. EDMONDSON, a merchant of //|^^ New Burnside, was born in Maury County, ^^^' Tenn., September 26, 1844. His father was born in the same county July 28, 1813, and was a son of William Edmondson, a native of North Carolina, and born in 1768. Tliough quite young, he was a participant in the Revolutionary War, and was twice married, the father of Thomas A. being the only child bj' his second wife. This son was reared a farmer boy, and had but limited opportunities for securing an education, but he was in early youth converted to the Methodist faith and began preaching when he was about twenty-one years old. He was married in early manhood to Elizabeth Ciendening. a daughter of Tliomas Ciendening and his wife, who was a Miss Woody, and was like her husband, a North Caro- linian. They lived in that State some years after their marriage, but removed to Tennessee and settled on their own farm, living there until the fall of 1851, when they sold out and moved to Johnson County. Thomas A. Edmondson was seven years old when his parents came to Illinois, at that time be- ing one of a family of five children, whom they brought to Illinois in their own wagon drawn by a team of horses. Upon arriving in Illinois they made their home first near Reynoldsburgh, where they lived until the breaking out of the war. They came to Illinois with but little money, and young Thom.as A. was early put to hard work. He assisted in clearing up his father's farm, which was Government land, and upon it they built a rough log house, and occupied it several years, when they built a better one of hewed logs. On August 20, 1862, Thomas A. Edmondson enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry, under Capt. Fry, and about orre year afterward was ti'ansf erred to Company F, Ninth Illinois Infantry, and still later to Companj- E, same regiment. He was but seventeen years old when he entered the army, and when he was mustered out he was Second .Sei-geant of his com- pany. He was sick a few weeks and in the hospital a few days, but with these exceptions was on duty in the ranks all the time of his enlistment. He was in ninety-six engagements during this time, but was neither wounded nor taken prisoner. He was mustered out July 9, 1865, at Louisville, K3'., and returned to his father's home immediately afterward, where he attended school two years. When about twenty- one years old he taught school for eight years, teaching sirccessfuUy two terms in Texas. On .September 8, 1870, our subject married Mary E. Hall, daughter of David T. and L_vdia Ann (Houselj') Hall, both whom were natives of East Tennessee. Her father was a soldier in the Mexican War and now resides in Texas. Mr. Ed- mondson and his wife lived in Williamson County two years, when they removed to Texas, where Mrs. Edmondson died, leaving one son, William M., who is now with his grandparents in Texas. Mr. Edmondson was married to Miss Mary A. Buekner, of Johnson County, who was reared in this county, and is a daughter of David M. Buek- ner, a farmer of the same township in which Mr. Edmondson now lives. By this l.ast marriage our subject has live children living: David E., fifteen years old; .leph G., ten; Charles T., eight; Harry M., six; and Marion B., four years of age. They have buried two daughters who died in infancy. Mr. Edmonson began business as a merchant in New Burnside in 1882, with small capital, in corn- pan}' with his brother, James M., whose interest he PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 459 liouglit that same j-ear, antl has since changed his business to tliat of a general merchant. He has built up a trade of about •^12,0(10 per year and has served tiie people as Village Trustee, President of the village and as Town Clerk. He is a Master Mason, and votes with the Republicans, though he is the only one of the fainilv that does so. •^ IIAHLES S. DECK, a prominent citizen of '-, Xcw Burnside, Johnson County, was born at Dayton, Ohio, in 1846, to .lohn Deck, a Pennsylvanian, and a carriage and wagon maker by trade, who came to Illinois, locating at OIney, Richland County, when Charles S. was eleven years old. He died away from home, having gone away with a drove of horses, and his widow mar- ried again and is now the wife of A. E. Banks, living near Olney. At the age of sixteen Charles S. Deck enlisted in the Twentj-uinth Illinois In- fantry, and was in Gen. Logan's command for a time, serving through the war and being wounded Mo., who has a wife and five children; E. D., a young man living at Tupelo, Miss., where he is foreman in a large spoke factory; A. J., unmarried and living at Meridian, Miss., Yardmaster of a rail- road; L. N., living at Thornton, Calhoun County, Ark., who is married, and is a master mechanic in a large sawmill; George B., a traveling agent for the Camden (Ark.) Stave Factor\-, a single man; and Joseph E., in a wholesale hardware store in Cairo, with J. B. Reed. While these men in their youth received but a limited education, yet they are bright, active and successful business men. Mrs. Deck came to Xew Burnside from Cairo in Fet> ruary, 1891. Our subject has been greatly prospered and has bought the fine large house in which he lives, to- gether with thirty-five acres of land under culti- vation. He has been in business in the South not far from Natchez, engaged in the manufacture of lumber and shingles, and in merchandising. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and a Kepublican of the straightest sort. Our subject's home has been recently visited by the Grim Messenger Death, the faithful and devoted wife departing this life January 6, 1893. She was a zealous worker with her husband in the Mission- ary Baptist Church, and her death is mourned by twice, though not seriously. Our subject was married to Mrs. B. R. Byrne, ] a host of friends and relatives, who deeply sym formerly j\liss Jlaggie Ellsworth, a cousin of Col. pathize with Mr. Deck in his bereavement. Ellsworth, who was shot down at Alexandria, Va., early in the war. Mrs. Deck was born in Indiana and was left an orphan at five years of age, but was reared by Thomas DuPoyster in Illinois and Tennessee and was first married in Dyersburgh, Dyer County, Tenn., in 1852, when she was (iftecn years old. to B. R. Byrne, to whom she bore ten children, nine sons and one daughter. They lived in Tennessee, Missouri and KenMicky, and lie died in the latter State, in Blandville, Ballard County, at the age of fifty-four 3-ears, leaving her in com- fortable circumstances. She was married to her present husband, Mr. Deck, in 1875, at I'Uin, Pu- laski County, this State, and as a result of this union there was born one sijn, Chailes H., who died at two years of age. Si;; of Mrs. Deck's sons are still living: .lohn P., assii'.ant sui)erintendent of the Oxley Stave Compan-, of Poplar Grove, TEl'llKN F. KKl.TNKH, a prominent resi- dent of Simpson Township, Johnson County, was born in Giles County, Tenn. December 22, 1848, to Lewis B. and Mary (Farris) Keltner, both natives of the same county as himself. Manuel Keltner was his grandfather. Lewis B. was a farmer and married in Tennessee, where he remained a number of years. and then sold out and came to Illinois in 1835. He lived in Union County one year .ind then removed to Johnson County, jjurchasing land in Vienna Town- ship, where he lived four years and then went •ICO PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. back to Tennessee. Returning to Illinois, lie pur- chased land in Simpson Township, where he resided until his deatii, Decemlier SI, 1883. His widow still lives on the old pl.acc. Stephen F. Keltner remained .it iioiiie until he w'as twenty-five years old, when he rented laud one year, and then bought land in Simpson Town- ship, his first purchase comprising eighty acres, to which he h.as added from time to time, until now he owns two hundred and thirty-three acres in one body. He has built one of the best houses in the township in which he lives, and is enjoying the good things of life. The schoolhouse he attended in his boyhood was of the most primitive descrip- tion, heated by a large open firepLace, as were all the schoolhouses in the country' at that day. Mr. Keltner was married April 1, 1873, to Sarah C. Whiteside, who was born January 14, 18.56, in John- son County, and is a daughter of William R. and Sine}' (Waters) Whiteside, both of whom were born in Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Keltner have had three children: William Lewis, Mary Elnora, and Audie L., now deceased. Our subject is liberal in his religious views, and is a Democrat in politics. He is highly respected and is one of the most interest- ing and enterprising citizens in the county, hav- ing won his reputation as such by steadf.ast \n\v- pose, unwavering energy and perseverance. •^^^l:^^@IE ^^EORGE A. STEAVART, M. I III f—, ph3-sician of Metropolis, M.a; ^^jjl is a son of Wakeman Stewarl ^^^EORGE A. STEAVART, M. D., a leading I.assac Count}', rt, whose par- ents died when he was but a child, leaving him an orphan boy without their care, advice and protec- tion. He made his home with and was brought up by Martin Gillett. He spent his boyhood days on the farm, and was obliged to work very hard, too hard for a boy, and had but little opportunity for anything but work. Hoping to better his condi- tion he was married at nineteen with the view of making a home for himself. After his marriage he bought under the Bitt Act eighty acres of unim- proved Government laud, which was heavily tim- bered and located in Saline Count}', this State. The first thing he did was to build a log cabin, small, but large enough to begin with, and his mother's father gave him a mule, for which he purchased a niate on credit, and was then the possessor of a team. Then the work of clearing up the timber and improving the farm began in downright ear- nest. The laige trees of varous kinds — oak, walnut_ and other valuable varieties — were cut down and burned in order to get them out of the wa}- for the cultivation of the land. As time passed he added to his farm and at length made a good and comfortable home for himself and family. But when the hard work was mostlj- done, he had so broken himself down by hard work and ex- posure that he did not live much longer to enjoy the results of his labor, dying in 1875, at the early age of thirty-six. The companion of his sorrows and his joj's, who had faithfully stood by him during his years of trial, still survives, and is liv- ing on the old place. To the marriage of these pioneers there were born eight children, viz: Isa- bel, wife of N. E. Gourley, a farmer; Willis M., who died in infancy, George A.; Oscar S., a farmer of Saline County; Fannie E., deceased; Henry I., a farmer of Saline County; Cuma Ellen, deceased; and Viola, living with her mother on the old farm. George A. Stewart was the third child of this family, and was born in Saline County March 21, 1863. He was brought up on the farm until he was sixteen years of age and was used to hard work in the summer time. He attended school in the win- ter on the average of about thirty days each year. He then left home and worked on a farm two years, went to Indiana and worked in the tim- ber about one year, and finally removed to Me- tropolis and went to work in the drug store of J. T. Willis. Feeling the necessity of an edu- cation he applied himself diligently to his busi- ness, and soon became its master in all its de- tails. He could do any kind of work aI)out the store, and then commenced to study medicine un- der the instructions of Dr. Willis. In 1887 he went to the Louisville Medical College, remained there two years and graduated in 1889, after which he returned to Metropolis and liegan PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 461 tlie practice of liis profession, which he has con- tinued with success until the present time. His prnetice extends over a large area, and he is part owner of a drug store. He was married Februar}' 19, 1889. to Alice Millek, of Metropolis, whose parents are both living in this city. Mrs. Stewart bore her husband two children, twins, Hattie and Hazel, and died November 24, 1892. Politicall}', the Doctor is a Republican, and fraternall)- a Knight of Pythias. He is one of the successful l)hysicians of the place and is highly respected as a citizen. €>^^ ToUrUAir AND I'.lOCKAl'IIICAL HK\'IHW. cially, Mr. Martin is :i iiicinhoi- of J^odge No. 232, A. F. & A. M., and is also a member of Lodge No. 91, 1. O. O. F.; the F. M. B. A.; and Post No. 34.'), G. A. R., and in politics, is in S3'mpatiiy witii the Democratic party. In the early days of the count}' he served one terra as County Surveyor, and is an Exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which all liie members of his family beloiier. Wi OH ROlilSON DAVISSON is a retired farmer living in Metropolis, Massac County, and was born on a farm two miles above Haver- _^ hill, fSciota County, Ohio, March 3, 1817. His father, Amaziah Davisson, was born in Vir- ginia, and his father, also named Amaziah, was, it is believed, born in New York or New Jersey, and was of English parentage. He resided in New York City for a time, but soon emigrated from there to Virginia and then to the Northwest Ter- ritory. He was one of the first settlers of what is now Lawrence Count}', Ohio, where he cleared a farm and resided until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Harrison, a sister of Gen. William Henry Harrison, and she died on the home farm in Lawrence Countj\ The father of Job Robison was married in Virginia to Sarah Thompson, a native of that State. He inherited a large tract of land in Lawrence County, upon which he continued to live until 1841, when, with his wife and two children, he came to Illinois and settled in what is now Massac County, where he entered several tracts of Government land. He built a cabin about four miles from Metropolis, where he lived some years, and spent his Last days in the county, his death occurring before the war. His wife died a few years later. Job Robison Davisson was reared ;uk1 educated in his native count}-, the schoolhouses of his time being of the same primitive kind so often de- scribed in these pages, made of logs, and having no floor but the ground. He afterward attended in a frame house with more modern furniture, and came to Illinois with his parents down the Ohio River, at which time Massac was a part of Johnson County, and w.-is very sparsely settled. He secured a tract of Government land adjoining his father's, and hired some men to saw lumber with a whip- saw, with which he erected a frame house, one of the first frame houses in the county, it being 16x24 feet in dimensions, and had a porch. He cleared up-l)is farm, and added to his original entr}' until he at one time owned three hundred acres of land. He lived on the farm until 1887, when he rented the place and moved to Metropolis, where he has lived ever since relieved from farm labor. He was married in 1844 to Mary Kennedy, a native of Ohio and a daughter of Robert Kennedy. IMr. and Mrs. Davisson have four children living: Jennie Kidd, Robert M., Jessie D. and Kate Clay- ton. Mr. Davisson has been a Republican since the war, and has given all his energy and influ- ence to that party. He is a straightforward busi- ness man, independent, self-reliant and thorouglily competent in all matters pertaining to agricultural pursuits. By his excellent management and eco- nomical living, he has been enabled to retire from active business life, and is now enjoying the fruits of his labor. "il' A M E S II. C O T T O N was born in Pope County on the 4th of November 1836, and is a resident of Simpson Township, Johnson ^^!^ County. He is a son of George W. and Elizabeth (Larsen) Cotton, the former of whom was a son of Elias Cotton, and came to Illinois in an early day, settling in Pope County, where he was a farmer and a preacher. After living some years in Pope County, he sold his land there and bought a farm in Simpson Township, Johnson County, where he resided until his death. James H. Cotton remained at home until he was twenty-one years old, and then lived on a rented PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 463 farm for about five years. At the expiration of tiiis period he pureliased the farm upon which he now lives. He was married in December. 1859, to S.arah Ann Simpson, who was born in .Johnson County Apiil 10, 1844. Iler father was born in Tennessee, and her mother in Kentucky. He owned at one time two hundred and fortj' acres of land, but disposed of half of it, and now has one hundred and twenty acres. He was burned out in 1891, but has since built a good frame house. Our subject is the father of eight children: Dora, Zynthia, William E., Arista, Flora, Causcon, Char- lie and .\rlie. In religious views, he is a liberal- minded man. and in politics he belongs to the People's party. While he did not have the best of educational advantages in his youth, yet by private reading and study he h. as become possessed of a useful fund of information. JOSEPH ]\ liOWKER was a noted resident of Metropolis, Massac County, and the son of Joseph Bowkcr, who was born at North Sudbury, Mass.. July 15, 1777. Joseph IJowker was by occupation a farmer and a black- smith, and was married to Mary Brown, of Bos- ton, who died at North Sudbury January 8, 1803. Mr. Bowker subsequently married Patty Proctor, who was born in 1790 and died at Rutland, Mass., September 10, 1841, after which he was married the third time, to Mrs. Polly Noyes, March 21. 1842, who was a resident of Sudbury. He died at West- borough, Mass., September .3, 1846, and left six children, namely: Mary, Lydia, Amos, Almira. Jo- seph Proctor and Daniel. Joseph Proctor, the subject of this sketch, was born at North Sudbury April 4, 1814, and was brought up on a farm, in the meantime working in a shoe factory. He w.as well educated in the com- mon schools of his native State, which have, per- haps, the highest reputation of any in the Union, and afterward took a college course, .\fter com- 25 pleting his studies he went to the State of Michi- gan, which was then comparatively new, and was for some time engaged in surveying among the Indians. He visited Chicago at a time when the investment of a small sum would have afterward made him immensely rich, but, like many another man, he thought it would never be much of a place, as there was nothing visible there then but a swamp. He therefore came South and located at an early day in Mass.ac County, his first occu- pation here being that of keeping wood boats on the river. He built the first tanyard in the county, and although not a saddler by trade, managed the saddlery business at Metropolis one year. He had the contract from the Government for carrying the mails between Metropolis and Paducah, also between Metropolis and Mt. Vernon, and at the same time was engaged in teaching school, which profession he followed several years, being a com- petent and successful instructor. For a time our subject held the office of School Commissioner, and all this time he was carrying on farming to a greater or less extent, and during the war speculated quite extensively in cotton. He operated a carding machine and constructed and operated the first cotton gin in Metropolis. He was a man of great energy and ambition, and was always industrious and faithful in the discharge of every duty devolving upon him. As a busi- ness man he was unusually successful, and w.as always highly esteemed, being strictly upright and honest in all his trans.actions. He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he held the honored position of Elder, and belonged to the order of Sons of Temperance, in which cause he w.as a most earnest worker. He died at two o'clock A.M., February 14, 1891, aged seventy- six j'eai-s, ten months and ten days. Mr. Bowker w.as married M.ay 19, 1847, to Cath- erine Wilson, of Metropolis, by whom he had nine children, namely: Mary C, Joseph, Thomas D. (dece.a.sed), Martha K., Charles A., .Sarah M., Lewis W., Maggie F. ar,(l Ellen A. Catherine (Wilson) Bowker was licirii in North Carolina March 6, 1827. Her mother died in (iranville County, X. C, and she accompanied her father and one sister, Mary, who is ik.iw the wife of Milton AVymore. of 464 roKTirMT AM) r.I()(i|{Al'IIIC'AI> KKVIKW. Metropolis, to Illinois, wheie her futlicr dii'il. He and bis daughters came from North Carol iii:i in a wagon, arriving in tiiis State July 4, 1840. At that time the country was new and tiiey were obliged to submit to and undergo many hard- ships and privations. Mr. Wilson bought land and built a cabin in the wilderness, which was their first home in this State. Besides the usual and inevitable annoyance from wild beasts, which filled the woods, his famil3' was much afflicted with fevers, which were then much more com- mon than now in that section of the State. Mr. Wilson was a man of good education, and was by trade a carpenter. He was elected Justice of the Peace for a time, but resigned in order to give his entire attention to other affairs. Mrs. Bowker is now living in Metropolis, where she is held in high esteem. She has children in Kansas and else- where who would gladly have her with them, but she prefers the old home, as in connection with it arc all the hallowed associations of her early life. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has long been a consistent member thereof. \f7 EMUEL L. LAURENCE, who lives in the I (^ village of New Burnside, Johnson County, il^^ was born in Graves Count}', Ky., August 12, 1838. His father was Henry G. Laurence, a farmer in Illinois and formerly a miller of Vir- ginia, who had mills on his own farm. He was born in 1807, and went with his parents in his youth to Kentucky. His father, Thomas D. Lau- rence, was a native of Virginia, and served as a private soldier In the Revolutionary War. Lemuel L. Laurence has a relic of those olden days in the shape of a pair of very long stockings, made at home from the flax grown on his grandfather's farm, that the worthies of those da3-s were in the habit of wearing with their knee breeches. These hose weigh nearly half a pound and tell the story of his great stature. He was twice married, and had by the two wives two sonsand six daughters, of whom Henr3' G. Laurence was a son by the second wife. Thomas D. Laurence died in Kentucky at an ad- vanced age, his widow living some 3'ears afterward and dying in 1852. Had she lived seven days longer she would have received a pension for the services of her husband in the Revolutionarj' War. Henr^' G. Laurence was a well-educated man and taught school in his early life. He married Sallie Balcom, a native of North Carolina. After our subject's father's marriage, which oc- curred in Kentucky in 1825, he lived in Ken- tucky twenty-five years, and in the sjiring of 1850 emigrated from Kentucky to Illinois with his own team and covered wagon, bringing with him all his sheep and cattle. Mr. Laurence bought a squatter's claim of one hundred and twentj' acres of land, and also other lands, until he owned in the aggregate three hundred and twenty acres, the patents to which our subject still has in his possession. When he moved to Illinois from Ken- tucky- he had but limited means, and brought with him his wife, seven sons and three daughters, of which famil}' Lemuel was the seventh child and sixth son. Of these children four sons and one daughter still survive, namely: Thomas N., the first born, a farmer of Pope County, and who was a member of Company B, Sixth Illinois Cavalry. Lemuel L., our subject, was also a member of the same company, going out as a Lieutenant in 18()1, and serving about nine months from Sep- tember, 1861, when he was severely wounded by receiving a charge from a double-barreled shot- gun and from a rifle or pistol, four buckshot lodging in his arm and lung. This was on the march from Shawneetown to Paducah, Kv. Will- iam M. is a farmer of Simpson Township, now in impaired health. H. H. is a farmer of Burnside Township; and Sarah A. is the wife of James Far- less, a farmer of Texas. The father of these chil- dren died on his farm March 14, 1861, in his Miy- fffth year. A large sycamore tree is now standing near New Burnside which was cut and u.scd as a measure for his coffin by the undertaker at the time of his death, and afterward stuck in the ground near where the coffin was made. He was large and of fine figure, being six feet tall and PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 465 weighing two hundred and ten pounds. His widow survived him many years, dying in 1887, eighth- two years old lacking seven da3s. She was born the same year as her husband, and they rest side b^- side in the old Reynoldsburgh Cemetery. Lemuel L. Laurence was married Mav 7, 18.57, to Piid'be Daiton, of Kentucky-, daughter of Edwin and Eliza (Laurence) Daiton, but although tiieir ancestors were of the same name they were not relatives. They came to Johnson County in 1852. .Mr. Laurence has been a farmer most of his life, and lived for many years on the old home farm of wiiich he was the owner. He now has a farm of one hundred and fifteen acres, which is a part of the old homestead on which his mother spent her last 3-ears with him. He bought his pres- ent home, a frame house, 24x75 feet in size, and two stories iiigh, with a cellar underneath, with no mortgage upon it. This is the largest house in New Buruside, and was built in 1876 and in 1887 at a cost of about ^3.000. lie also owns several lots, which, togetlier with the prop- erty- above described, make a fine home, to wiiieh he moved in March, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Lau- rence have buried one son and two daughtei-s, who died either in infanc3' or earl}- childhood. They iiave seven children living, five sons and two daughters, namely-: David IL, a farmer of Burnside Township, who has two sons and two daugliters; Uii-sses Grant, a farmer of Simpson Township, residing in Ozark, who has a wife, two sons and one daughter, his wife being a daughter of Rev. C. H. Caldwell; Maud, wife of W. L. Kelt- ner, of New Burnside, who has two sons and two daughters; M. C, a dealer in musical instruments, who li.as a wife, but no children; Marshall L., a farmer of Burnside Township, who h.is one daugh- ter; Josiah \V., a young man living at home and attending scliool; and Ella, a young miss of six- teen years. All of these children iiave been well educated. Mr. Laurence Wiis a .Justice of the Peace three and a-half yeai-s and School Director for man}' yeai-s. serving satisfactorily in that capacity. He was at one time an Odd Fellow and was formerly a Republican, but is now a member of the Peo- ple's party. He was a member of William Lau- rence Post No. 538, G. A. R., recently disbanded, and in religion is a Free Thinker. He has never been sued in his life for an}- debt he contracted, and has in his possession the first and last note that he ever gave. He is a gentleman in every respect, liis word is as good as his bond, and he is one in whom his fellow-men can put a great deal of trust. e^+^ JOHN M. C. DAMRON, M. D., a practicing physician of Vienna, .Johnson County, was born in Weakley County, Tenn.. February ,,_^ 20, 1824. His father, Charles Damron, was born in Iventucky to Wilson Damron, who was born in Virginia and removed from that .State to Iventuck}-, where he was an associate of Daniel Boone. From Kentucky he removed to the Northwest Territory, and for a time resided in that part thereof now included in the State of Ill- inois, from which be removed to the Territory of Missouri, and was one of the pioneers in the neigh- borhood of Springfield. He was in the eraplo}- of a fur company, and was one of the explorers of the Yellowstone River country. He spent his last days, however, near Springfield, Mo. The maiden name of his wife w-as McClain. Charles Damron, father of our subject, came to the Northwest Territory with his parents when very young, and resided here until the Stat* was admitted into the Tnion. He voted for the adop- tion of the first constitution of the State. At that time he was living in Saline County, at a period w-hen deer, bears and panthers w-ere very plentiful. Soon after his marri.ige he removed to Weakley County, Tenn.. purchased a tract of land, engaged in farming, and resided there until 1852, when he came to .Johnson County and settled in what is now Tunnel Hill Township, where he bought a farm, upon which he lived until his death in 1878. The maiden name of his w-ife was Mary Cai-son. She was born in Middle Tennessee, to I'riali Car- son, and died alx)ut 1882. 466 I'OKl'UAir AM) l!l()(iUAI'lII( AL UKNIKW. Dr. Damron received his early education in the select schools of Weakley' Countv.Tenn., and when twenty-one j'oars old commenced teaching sciiool in Williamson County, 111., teaching five years in one schoolhouse, after which he commenced the study of medicine, and attended a course of lectures at Rush Medical College during the winter of 1854-55. He then commenced practice near Car- rier's Mills, in Saline County, and continued to practice there until the fall of 1855, when he at- tended his second course of lectures at Rush Med- ical College, graduating from that institution with the Class of 'CO. He removed to Vienna in the fall of 1855, and has been in the active practice of medicine there ever since. He was married in 1850 to Elizabeth Buckner, who died in 1852. His second marriage occurred in 1855, to Adeline Standard who was born in Union County, and was the daughter of William Standard. After her death, in 1877, our subject married, in 1878, Adelia Knowles, who was born in Indiana and died in 1887. His fourth marriage occurred in 1888, to Alice (Matheney) Murdock. By his first mar- riage he had one son, Leonidas, a farmer living in Missouri; by his second marriage six children: •Tohn Franklin, P^mma, MoUie, .Tennie, Lucy and Augusta. He is a member of the Southern Hlinois Medical Association; of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. (fe A. M.; and of theCumlicrland Presbyterian Church, and is a Democrat in politics. J' iOIlN II. SCHMIDT, a farmer living on sec- [ tion II, township 15, range 4, in Massac County, is a son of Henry Schmidt, who ,^_j^ was born in Hanover, Germany, and came to America, reaching Chicago in 1832. He came .across the ocean in a sailing-vessel and was oul^^ four weeks on the voyage, a remarkably short time for tho.se days. Upon his arrival in Chicago there was little else to be seen but low, swampy laud, and no indications whatever of that city's present greatness, At the time of his arrival in this coun- try he was eighteen years old. He had been broughk up on the farm, and although he was jjoor. yet he was fairly well educated. The father of our subject, wlio died December 4, 1891, was married when he was twenty-five years old to Adeline Wihncrs, a native of Triis- sia. who is still living in Bentonville, 111. After his marriage he moved onto a farm which be owned. This he sold in 1866, and removed to Massac County, where he lived ten 3-ears, when he re- turned to the count}' from which he iiad gone to Massac County. By his marriage with Miss Wil- mers he had ten children, namely: John II.; Frank A., a farmer of Massac County; Henry, a dr^- -goods merchant in Chicago; August; Louisa and Emma, both deceased; William, of Bensenville, 111.; Li- zetta, wife of Louis Biermanu, of Itaska, 111., and two others that died in infancy. ,Tohn H. .Schmidt was born in Du Page County, 111., February 3, 1841, and was brought up on a farm receiving a somewhat limited common- school education. He remained at home with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, and in 1862 enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry. He remained in the ser- vice of his adopted country until the close of the war, saw much hard service and was a good soldier. He participated in numerous battles, and was with Sherman on his march to the sea. He also went on up through the Carolinas and Vir- ginia to Washington, D. C, and took part in the great military review of May 23 and 24, 1865. While in Washington he went through tiie White House and all the other public buildings and be- came quite familiar with the capital of his coun- try. He then returned to Du Page County with health somewhat impaired by the exposures and hardships he had undergone. He worked at home for his father one year, and was then mar- ried to Sophia Schuettc, a native of Hanover, Gei- many. He removed to M.assac County to the farm where he now lives, a portion of which came to him by inheritance, and the other portion he bought. Some of it had been improved, but it was all in bad condition. He built a log cabin, cleared additional land, brought up that which was poor, and in all ways worked hard in order PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 467 that he miglit have a good farm and a coinfortahle home. Afterward he erected a much better house, in which he now lives. lie kept on from year to year patiently laboring, and in every way possible imi)roving his farm, and he now is living to en- J03' the reward of his labors. Mr. Schmidt has seven ciiildren, namely: Ellen, wife of Christdpher Borman,a miller of Metropolis; Dora, William, Henry, Ida, Amanda and Agnes, all at home. Politically, he is a Republican, and is a member of Tom Smith Post No. 345, G. A. K.,and also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. .Mr. Schmidt is a (ierman-American citizen of much more than average intelligence and inlluence, and he has succeeded where many would have failed. When he went to work upon his farm, it was con- sidered very poor land, but by the proper kind of management he has made of it a good farm. lie is an upright and honest citizen and has the re- spect of the entire community. <^ 'f^^-r — OIIX HENRY MILLER, a resident of town- sliii) 15, range 4, Massac County, is a son of Henry Miller, whose biography appears else- where in this volume. He was born in Massac County on the old home farm, October 31, 1807, where he was brought up and received a common-school education. He worked hard when a boy and formed habits of industr}' and economy wliicb have been of immense value to him through life. He assisted his father on the farm until he was twent}' years old, and then, desiring to make a beginning for himself, worked in the timber and in picking cotton and corn in Arkansas foralime. He then returned to Massac County and worked land in .summer on shares. He bought the place where he now lives in 1890. It comprised fort3' acres, to which lie has since added one hundred acres. It is well situated, being near the city of Metropolis. Our subject was married Se|)tcmber 22, 1h;)2, to Mollie l>;n iiaiil. who came to this State from Ken- tucky and was born in ISGG. She first went with her parents to Ohio, and then to Jlassac County, III. Her father died in Ohio, and her mother in Massac County-. Politically, Mr. Miller was a Re- publican, and he is a pleasant, genial young man, progressive, intelligent and enterprising. He is doing all he can to enlarge and improve his place, and has before him as good prospects as any young man in the county. 3++**,^^*+++i ^EORGE W. LKDl'.KTi'KR is a sf>n of .Tames A. Ledbetter, a native of Christian County, Ky., who is a man of good, practical educa- tion. He learned the trade of a miller, followed it afew 3'ears,and then removed in 1843 to Hardin Count}-, III., where lie engaged in merchandising. He was married to Mary Scoggins, a native of Hardin County, HI., by whom he has five children, all of them now living, viz: .John Q. A., living in Elizabethtown; J. A., living at Cave in Rock; Mary E., wife of L. F. Twiichell, living in Color- ado; and Henry partner in a large mill with George W., the remaining member of the famil}'. The latter was born at Elizabethtown, ill., on the 7th of December, 1858, and received his early education in the schools of that place. Later he attended Bethel College, at Russellville, Ky., and afterward attended the Military Academy at West Point. He began business as a miller in 1878, and has continued in the same line ever since. Our subject was first married February 8, 187it, to Elizabeth Davie, by whom he had two children, Georgia and Mora. The mother of these children died March l',l, 1887, and Mr. Ledbetter was next married. May 21, 1888. to Gertrude Brewer, daugh- ter of Henry and Emily Brewer, of Dixon, Ky., by whom he has two children. .Mr. Ledbetter votes the Democratic ticket, and is a member of Elizabeth Lodge No. 27G, A. F. A- A. JL, at l'",lizabi'tlit(iwii. and is also a member of Empire Lodge No. ."il. I. (). (). F. This in brief is the skelcii of a iiKui wliose present sulistanlial position 468 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. in life has been readied entirel}' thi'ough his own perseverance and good judgment, and the facts connected with his operations and their results only show what a person witli courage and en- lightened views can accomplish. \P^^- EDWIN R. IKJUCIIIN was born in Hickman, Ky., September 14, 1833, and lives in Me- tropolis, Massac County. His father, Alex- ander Houchin, was born either in Warren or Edmonson County, Ky., and his father, Charles Houchin, was born in Virginia. The latter re- moved to Kentucky at an ear!y day and settled on the Kentucky Purchase, a few miles from Bowling Green. He cleared up a farm from the wilderness and lived upon it until his death, operating it with slave labor. The maiden name of his wife was Polly Sales. The father of our subject was reared in his na- tive State. He lived in Hickman until his mar- riage and then removed to Graves County, Ky., and thence to Illinois, settling near the line be- tween Pope and Johnson Counties in Massac County. He took up Government land and im- proved a farm, upon which he resided until his death. The maiden name of his wife was Flowers, and she was the daughter of .James Flowers. She was born in the same locality as her husband and died on the home farm in Massac County. She and her husband reared twelve children. Edwin R. Houchin was sixteen years old when he came to Illinois with his parents. The removal was made b}' means of ox-teams and they brought all their household goods. iMuch of the laud in the vicinity in which they settled was owned by the Government and was for sale at 11.25 per acre, and at that time Metropolis was a small village. He remained with his father until nearly twenty- one years old, when he married and bought forty acres of land, erecting the log cabin in which he and his wife commenced their married life. Tliere were then no railroads and hut two public roads in the county. .Mclropolis was the market and the depot of supplies for llie inland districts for many miles around. Later, as his means would permit, he purchased other Government land until at one time he owned five iiundred acres and still owns four hundred and sixty acres. Our subject was first married April 7, 1854, to Martlia Green, who was born in Scott Count3',Va.. and was the daughter of Benjamin and Susannah (ircen. She died in April, 1863, and Mr. Iloucliin was married late in the same year to Mahala (ireen, sister of his first wife. She died in June, 1888, and his third marriage took place in Jul}', 1892, to Joannah (\'aughn) Williams, who was born in Massac County, and was the daughter of Joseph and Corinna (Wallace) Vaughn. The Vaughn family were residents of Caldwell Count^^, Ky., and were pioneers of Massac County. Mr. Houchin has two children living by his first mar- riage. David B. and Dudley A. By his second marriage lie also has two children living, viz: Ruf us M. and Joe Ann. The present Mrs. Houchin ivas first married in her twenty-third year to Dr. James Allen Williams, who was for several j'ears engaged in the drug business in Metropolis and was pre-eminent as a phj'sician. He was born in Ohio and was a son of James and Rebecca ( Dansson ) Williams. He was a graduate of Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, in tiie Class of '63, and served in the late war in the Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry. Mrs. Houchin has one son by her first marriage, James V. Williams. Mr. Houchin is a Democrat in pol- itics, and is a member of Tom Smith Post No. 245, G. A. R. ■ ^-Sz ;()ns and one daughter. The sons were Alfred, Missouri and Messena, and all were reared to farm life, consequently followed that occupation all their lives. Alfred is dead, but the two others are farming in Calloway Countv, K3'. John Morton, the father of James L., married Tabitlia Penick, daughter of William Penick. They had three sons and eleven daughters, all of whom arrived at ailult age and reared families. Grandmother Pen- ick lived to be eighty-four years of age. Our subject's parents were married in Prince Kdward County, Va., where they had six children born to them, of whom none are living except "lie, .1. L. The others are: William; Zorada, who died in Jul}', 1892, at the age of eighty- nine, and a widow of Isaac Cochran, a Presbj-ter- ian preacher, to whom she bore three sons and three daughters; Mary, who died a young woman; Judith, who married a JL\ Hill and died in advanced years, leaving a family; and .James L. While young, James L. Morton received but a moderate education, but when he was a man he attended the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio, going to that State on horse-back, a distance of four hun- dred miles. This was in 1829, when he was twenty years of age. He was there a part of two years preparing for the ministr}', during which time he fairly mastered Latin and Greek. In 1838, he began his ministry in Virginia, and in 1839 was ordained at the Mathews Baptist Church. Mr. Morton's first marriage occurred in his twenty-fourth year to Nancy E. Hill, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Hill, in 1832. This lady lived but live months, and our subject was mar- ried the second time, to Eliza H. Hill, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Hill, but not related in any way to his first wife. In 1847, Mr. and Mrs. Morton removed with their two children to Car- roll County, Tenii.. a journey of seven hundred miles, made by steamer and teams, and costing 110(1. In Tennessee he bought a good farm, having sold his farm in \'irginia, and three 3'ears later sold this farm in (iibson County and bought another in Henry County. During his stay in Tennessee he bought a grist and saw mill, but the location being unhealthful he moved to a farm. In the year 1856, he sold again and removed to Calloway County, Ky., where he bought three hundred and twenty acres of land, upon which he lived until 1862. He tlieu .sold that farm and bought his present home in Johnson County, 111., which comprises two hun- dred and forty acres of improved land. This land cost ^10 per acre, but b}^ paying cash down he se- cured a discount of ten per cent, and afterward bought sixt}- acres more. He has since then sold and given awa}- to his childicii until ho has left only seventy-nine acres. Our subject's companion died August 6, 1869, aged fifty-five years, having borne five sons and two daughters, one of each dying in infancy, and John T. dying in the aimy. Those living are: James W., a farmer of Kentucky, having a wife, two sons and four daughters; Edward V., a clerk in Vienna, who has a wife and one son; and Mary E., now Mrs. W. W. Reeves, living on part of the old farm, and having four daugh- ters. Joseph K., an unmarried man, it is be- lieved is dead. John T. Morton w.as a soldier in the Union army, volunteering at seventeen years of age in Conii)any E, Second Illinois Cavalry, and he died of typhoid fever in a hospital at Columbus, Ky. Mr. Morton was married again, January 16, 1870, to Nancy J. Joiner, nee Trammell. Her first husband was William L. .loiner. He was a mem- ber of the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, was mus- tered in ill 1862, and was in the (Quartermaster's department, but on account of failing health was discharged. He died on the 2(1 of Eebruaiy, 1866, on the twenty-third anniversary of his wife's birth. He left her with three sons: Josiah W., now a farmer and teacher, and just ready to begin the practice of law; he has a wife, three sons and one daughter; Joshua A., a farmer and teacher of Ar- . kansas, who has a wife, two sons and one daugh- ter; and Willis H., a young man of twenty-six years of age in Arkansa.s. 470 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Mr. iiiid Mrs. .Morton have had seven chil- dren, (ive suns and two daugliters: C3'ntliia, wlio died at fourteen months; Hugh (J., tweiity- two yc'i''S old; Charles T., twenty; Samuel P., eighteen; Frederick 15., fifteen; Matthew W., ten; and Harriet E., eight. These children are all fairly well educated. Mrs. Morton has four brothers living, there being four deceased. Her brother .lonathan was killed by a runaway team. Mr. Morton has been a farmer most of his life, but taught school for some six or eight 3'ears in Virginia and Tennessee. In 1839 and 1840, he was in the missionary work as a minister, and has preached more or less for sixty years. During his long life in the ministry he has been the means of the conversion of many a sinner and has taken an active part in manj' revivals, his first one being in Virginia, when he imipersed seven men and their wives. Mrs. Morton was converted in her four- teenth year and she has been a very active worker in the cause of religion. Mr. Morton has been a Mason over forty years, and organized Lodge No. 419, at old Reynoldsbuigh, of which for many years he was the Worshipful Master. He has also served as King in the Vienna chapter and is in all probability the oldest Royal Arch Mason in this part of the countr}', as he is one of the oldest men. 'OSEPH T. HOSICK, of Elizabethtown, 111., is one of the leading farmers of Hardin County, a son of William Ilosick, of Vir- ginia, and a grandson of Alexander Hosick, who was a native of .Scotland, and came to Amer- ica before the Revolutionary War, settling in Vir- ginia. William Hosick was born in Virginia, was brought up on the farm, and secured a good edu- cation for the times. He was at one time Surveyor for his county', and removed to Livingston County, Ky., in 1810, buying timber land and erecting a log cabin in the woods. He settled down to hard work, and cleared up and improved his farm. Even at that early day the question as to the right and policy of slavery was being agitated, and he, being opposed to the institution in any form, sold his farm and left the State, this being the only thing he could do, as those who favored the con- tinuance of the system, whether or not they be- lieved in its righteousness, seemed to know in- stinctively, that if the question were fully and fairly' discussed, such discussion must necessarily result in its overthrow. Leaving Kcntuckj', he came to Illinois in 1816, entered Government laud, built a log cabin with puncheon floor, and again began to clear up and improve his farm. He re- mained in that locality until the end of his days, dying in about 1810. He was married in 1797 to Polly Turner, of Kentucky', by whom he had ten children, viz: Elizabeth, Alexander, Nancy, Polly, Nellie, Perlina, Joseph T., Johnson, Matilda and Sallie. Joseph T. Hosick was born in Livingston County, Kj'., June 9, 1812, and was brought up on the farm, and educated in the schools of the day, such as they were, learning but little therein. But be- ing of strong and active intellectual powers, he obtained a good, practical education, and has made a fair success of his life. He came to Pope County in 1827, and settled in whatisnow Hardin County, buying timber land, erecting a log cabin, and go- ing to work in earnest to establish a home. He made a success of his efforts, and in after years a large, two-story brick residence took the place of the humble log cabin, and large fields in a high state of cultivation took the place of the timbered wilderness. He was married in the j^ear 1832 to Nancy Martin, of Livingston County, Ky., daughter of David Martin, of South Carolina, who was of Irish ancestiy. To this marriage with Miss Martin there were born four children, all now de- ceased, and she died in 1840. He was married the second time, to Elizabeth M.Telford, in 1842. She is a daughter of Robert Telford, a native of South Carolina. To tiiis second marriage there were born five children, viz: Edmond S., a farmer of Hardin County; Amanda, deceased; Polly Ann, wife of Leroy Clanahan, a minister at Metropolis; Samuel T., a farmer of Hardin County-; and Alice A., deceased. Mr. Ilosick takes [iruU' in the fact that he has PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 471 made ten trips down the Ohio and Mississippi Riv- ers in flatboats, and has traveled a great deal on railroads without ever seeing an accident. He is also proud of the fact, that although there are a great many people of his narae, 3"et none of them have ever been convicted of anj' crime. He has been fighting whisky for the past lifty-two years, and has voted with tiie Prohibition party for the last five years. It will thus be seen that it runs in the nature of the Hosick family to oppose the wrong, for as his father was a decidedly anti-slav- ery man, so is he now a <1ecidedl3- anti-whisky man. He is also on the side of religion, having been an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for fifty years, and, all in all, Mr. Hosick is one of the best and most useful citizens of Hardin County, and is so considered by all who know him. =^[]^^1CJ>^1I \1/ AMES M. SLACK, a resident of township 15, range 4, and Superintendent of the Poor Farm of Massac County, is a son of John Slack, who was brought up a farmer in Johnson County and lived here nearly all his life, spending the last one and a-half 3'ears of his life in Carbondale, Jackson County, and d\'ing Ma3' 25, 1880. He was, as has been stated, brought up on a farm, obtained his education in the com- mon schools and remained at home until he was twenty-one years old, when he was married to Sarah Ann Alexander, a native of Tennessee, who came to Illinois and settled in Williamson County when a child. Both her parents are now deceaj^ed. After his marriage, our subject's father, having no nnjiiey, taught school, and in this way got his start in life. He next began farming and worked some of the time at the carpenter's trade. His farm was located in Johnson County and he became a successful farmer. Upon his first farm, which consisted of forty acres and was located near Vienna, he built a house and made upon it otiicr iiiiprovemeiils. In 1851 he sold out and entered a tract of land covered with timber, but with no buildings upon it. Of this land he cleared sevent^'-five or eighty' acres, improved it other- wise, and erected a good log house and bains. Upon this farm he lived like others in that part of the State, in true pioneer st^ie, until the war came on, and during the war he sold his farm. He was a very successful farmcu- for those days. His first wife was Sarah Ann Alexander, who died May 2, 1864. He was married the second time, January 17, 1865, to Nancy E. Wy more, who came from Kentucky. John Slack was the father of nine children, viz: Wilford, of Metropolis; Sarah A., wife of William King, a farmer of Acton, Tex.; James M.; Mary E., wife of Thomas E. Keith, of Salina, Kan.; Amanda, wife of Vander Light, of Pontotoc, Tex.; John W., a farmer of Simpson, Johnson County, III.; Isaac W., a farmer also of Johnson County; Thomas Eranklin, a school teacher of Oklahoma; and Norman G., of Texas. James M. Slack, the third child of his father's first wife, was born in Johnson County March 16, 1849, and was brought up on a farm, working hard from the time he was eight years old until he was nineteen. In the meantime he received a fair education in the common schools, but desiring a better education and having no money, he pawned a horse to get money with which to go to school. He attended school eigiit months at Vienna, and then in order that he might increase his knowledge still more, he taught school four winter terms and worked on a farm in summers in Johnson Couutv. Our subject married Mary A., daughter of Will- iam K. Hoil, January 21, 1872. After his mar- riage he farmed on rented land until 1879, making a good living. He then engaged in the marble business in Cairo as a traveling salesman for three years, becoming thoroughly familiar with the bus- iness. At the end of Ihree years he began business for himself at Metropolis and was there four years, beginning in 1882. He lost lieavily, however, by the great Hood of 1881. At llie end of his four years in business in Metropolis he went back to farming,and in 1887 wasappointed Superintendent of the Massac Countj' Alms-house. His wife died June 30, 18'J1, having borne four children, viz: Oliver ().; and Ada, both at home; Clarence, dc- 472 PORTRAIT AND lUOfi RAI'IIICAL RKVIKW. ceased, and one that dk'd in iiit'iuicy. Politically, Mr. Slack is a Republiciiii. lie is a genial gentle- man and is ver^' popular. He is a successful man- ager of the farm and has given satisfaction to all concerned. JJILLON T. KERLEY was born in Burke County, N. C, August 20, 1850, and makes ^ his home in vSimpson Township, Johnson County. His father, Aaron, and his mother, Rebecca (Alexander) Kerley, were also born in that Stale, the former in 1800, and the latter in 1804. Aaron Kerley was the son of Henry and Sarah Kerley, the former of whom was a native of North Caro- lina. The maternal grandfather of our subject was an officer of high standing in the army of the Revolution, and his grandfather, Henry Kerley, was also a soldier of the Revolution, who came to Illi- nois, taking up Government land, and also pur- chasing other lands in Simpson Township. These lands were all covered with timber, and he had to clear his farm and erect the necessary buildings, all of logs. His limited education was obtained in North Carolina, in the primitive log house, one entire end of which was taken up with the fireplace, the chimney of which was made of sticks; in other re- spects the house was much the same as those in the early day in southern Illinois. He reached Illi- nois November 28, 1852, and December 13, 1853, was married to Elizabeth R. Simmons, who was a native of .lohnson County, 111., born there May 22, 1830, and the daughter of William and Sarah (Al- lard)Simmoiis, the former of whom was born in Ala- bama, and the latter in South Carolina. Mr. Ker- ley 's first wife died April 10, 1878, and he was mar- ried the second time, to Fannie R. Shirk, January 24. 1881. She was born in Pope County, November 4, 1842, her parents being also natives of Illinois. Mr. Kerley still resides on the old place upon which he first settled on coining to the State, which comprises two hundred and eighty-nine acres of land. He is one of the most prosperous of farmers, .ns well as one of the most courteous and genial of gentle- men, and is well known for his hospitality far and wide. He has reared si.v children, namely : Rebecca J., James 15., Jerome 15., Robert W., Diilard C. and Quiilon A. When the father of our subject first settled in Illinois, deer, turkeys and other wild game were abundant on his farm. His grandfather Kerley died in Tennessee, and his grandfather Alexander died in North Carolina in 1838. The father of Mr. Kerley' was a farmer all his life, and owned five hundred and fort}- acres of land in one bod^'. He was married in 1827, and reared six children to maturity, of whom (Juillon T. was the second one of the family in age. His parents spent their last days with their youngest son, the father d}'- ing in 1878, and the mother in 1888. Quiilon T. Kerley and his family are members of the Cum- berland Presbyterian Church, and he has served as Justice of the Peace ten years, as Supervisor one term, and as Assessor one term. He always votes the straight Democratic ticket. Our subject first moved to Arkansas, but could not become accli- mated to the country. On account of chills and fever he only stayed there eleven months, and then came to Illinois, where he has accumulated a good farm, which is well improved. ^^- 'SAHEL BURNETT, of Bloomfield Town- ^OI ship, Johnson County, was born in Vernon l£) Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, De- cember 4, 1829. His father, John Bur- nett, was born in New Jersey, and his grandfather, William Burnett, was also born in the same State. There John was reared and married, and in 1802 emigrated from New Jersey to Ohio, where he was one of the first settlers in Trumbull County, there being but six families in the county before hira. He secured a tract of land in Hubbard Township, upon which there was a water power, which he im- proved. He then built a sawmill, put in a turn- ing lathe, and besides this machinery operated his I I PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 473 farm, residin": upon it until his death. He was twice married, and reared nineteen cliildren. .lolin ]Jurnelt was two years old when liis father moved to Ohio, where he was reared and married. After Iiis marriage he settled in Vernon Township, bougiit a tract of timber land, cleared a farm in the wilderness and lived tiiere until 1845, when he sold out and moved to Portage County', and bought a farm in Charlestown Township three miles east of Ravenna. This farm he occupied for a number of j-ears, when he sold it and bought another farm, this time in Ravenna Township, within two miles of Ravenna, and there resided until his death. The name of the mother of our subject before she was married was Harriet Merrj', and she was born in Hartford Townshii), Trumbull County, Ohio, in July, 1801, being the first while child born in that township. Her father, Charles Merry, was born in Massachusetts and emigrated to Ohio about 1800, being one of the first settlers in the Territory of Ohio, where he secured a tract of timber land in Hartford Township and resided thereon till his death. The village of Burgh Hill is located on his farm. He was an officer in the War of 1812, and lived to be ninety years of age, having been the father of six children. John Bur- nett and his wife were the parents of eight chil- dren: Julia, Charles M., Asaliel, Martiia, Frank, Mar3% William and Wellington. Asahel received his early education at his village school, and later he attended school in Portage County. At the age of sixteen he returned to Trumbull County and followed the vocation of teaching for two terms in Trumbull County, at which time there was but little public money used for school pur- l)Oses, and the schools were in part subscription schools, each family ])aying according to the num- ber of scholars sent. He received *il8 per month and boarded round among his pupil's parents. After teaching two terms in Trumbull County he taught three terms in Portage County, and later in Fleming County, K^-., for two years. In 18.').3, he removed to Illinois and bought the farm where he now resides, which comprises twelve acres of timber, which he cleared and in i)art planted to corn. TliiM-e were twenty fruit trees and a garden. which constituted the improvements on the place. He worked the farm seven years and then erected the frame house in which he now resides. He has one hundred and seventy-five acres in the home farm and in addition owns another of sev- enty-five acres, in Vienna Township. He was married in 1852 to Miss Ellen Farnham and in 185-1 to Didamia Robertson, who was born in Bowling (^rcen, Kj-. Her parents were William and Elizabeth Robertson, who were natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Burnett have one son, Marcus L. who was born in October, 1855, and married .Sarah Conlej-, who bore him two children. A. Breeze and Chloe B. Our subject voted for Lincoln in 1864, but since then until recently he has acted with the Democrats and now is a Prohibitionist. It should have been stated in its proper place that Mr. Bur- nett taught school in the winter seasons for nearly twenty-six years, which is an indication of his popu- larity as a teacher. Mr. Burnett and son belong to the Masonic Lodge No. 150, at Vienna, and the former has alw,\vs taken a decided interest in edu- cational matters and has alw,ays been ver}' actively engaged in promoting the welfare of the eommu- nitj-. He li.as served as School Director for a num- ber of voars. ENRY ROSKEMMER was born in Han- over, Germany, October 25, 1844, and was reared on a farm in his native country, where he formed habits of industiy and economy', also acquiring a good (ierman educa- tion. He came to the I'nited Slates when about eighteen j-earsold, crossing the ocean in a sailing- vessel, and being eight weeks on the \oyage. He landed in New Orleans, and at that time had but little money. He settled in M.iss.ic County, where he bought and improved a farm until it was converted into a good and convenient home. Being under aije, he attended school some time 474 roKi'KArr and luocKApiiicAr. |{i-:view. nfter luriving in Massac County. WIh'U twonty- one veins old he was manned to Maiy Dicckiiiiui, wlio was of German parentage. After liis marriage our subject removed to Me- tropolis, where he lived two years, at which time he bought a forty-acre farm, moved on and im- proved it, and made of it a good place. He lived there thirteen years, and was a very industrious iniin. Ik' .'ifterward sold this farm and bought one hundred and twenty-six acres, where his widow now lives, upon which he built a good house, made a good farm and just as it was completed he died, May 25, 188(). He and his wife had three children, viz: William, deceased; Fritz and Louisa, both at home. They have had good op- portunities to receive an education in the common schools. PoUticall}', Mr. Roskemmer was a Republican, and a member of the German Lutheran Church. The farm where his widow and son now live was much improved by him, and was made an attrac- tive place to live in. He erected a good brick house and good barns, besides other good outbuildings. Mr. Roskemmer was a man of considerable influ- ence, among the German citizens particularly, and always bore a good name. The widow and her son now manage the farm, and have one of the best farms and most pleasant homes in the county. E^^ eP. ESTES, dealer in musical instruments at Metropolis, Massac County, is a son of Joseph Estes, who was born at Ft. Nash- ville, or where Nash ville,Tenn., now stands. Joseph Estes' father was a Frenchman, who worked his way up the Mississippi and Cumberland Rivers from New Orleans to Ft. Nashville at an early day. Joseph Estes was a farmer and a hard-working, intelligent and honest man. For the times in which he lived he was well educated, which edu- cation, however, was obtained more by his own private endeavors, than by contact with the schools, which in his daj's in Tennessee were vei-y few and far between, and very poor. He was a man of sound judgment, and his opinions were highly l)rized by the peoi)le among whom he lived. He followed farming for the most part and removed from Tennessee to Kentucky, where he was mar- ried to Rilty Lee, a native of South Carolina, who was of English extractitjn. While living in Kentucky, Mr. Estes became dissatisfied with the condition of things in that State, and in order, as he hoped, to better his condition he came to Illinois. He assisted in the formation of a colony, consisting of thirty fam- ilies, and with their ox-teams they all started for the new and better land. They reached the Ohio River opposite the present site of Cave in Rock, where the river opposed an obstacle to further progress ditticult to surmount. The great ques- tion which then presented itself for solution was how to get across the river. Among the colonists was a carpenter by the name of Barker, and under his direction timber was cut down, lumber sawed out with a whipsaw, logs hewed, and at length a boat was constructed, by means of which tliey all crossed over the river and reached the promised land, not even the leader being left behind. This was in 1807, and thus these colonists were among the very earliest settlers in Hardin County. The3' took up land and began life in the wilderness. The timber was excellent, and they built log houses, each day witnessing the completion of one house, and it was not long before the entire thirty fami- lies were all safely and snugly housed, each in a domicile of its own. Then the work of clearing up the land began. They raised a little corn the first year, but the nearest mill was eighty miles away, and, as there were no roads or other means of communication, that was a considerable dis- tance to go to mill. These pioneers therefore set to work to invent a kind of mill of their own. The end of a huge log was squared off, set up on end, and live coals were placed in the center, and by keeping the edges wet a hole or depression was made by the (ire, which, when deep enough and large enough, served as a mortar, into which the corn to be ground was placed and beaten with a heavy pestle of wood, and thus made into meal. Corn bread was afterward quite plentiful, and as PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 475 the woods aboundpd in all kinds of game, such as deer, turkeys, etc.. and as there was an abundance of wild honey, these early settlers had a great abundance to eat, and any fmo who could not man- age to keep from starving on such good and varied diet would indeed be hard to please. Thus a commencement was m.ide, but all, how- ever, were not satisfied with their surroundings. The country around them was rough, and the land in many places poor, and thinking there was better land further back from the river, .Joseph Estes, after a consultation with others, persuaded fifteen families to hitch up their oxen, load up their wagons and seek still another location. After starling they continued traveling until they came to prairie land, where the country w.as more level, and where there was still timber enough for all needful purposes. They therefore made a settle- ment in what is now Franklin County, this State, and beg.an .again the work of building, clearing, etc. Here Mr. Estes lived until 1840, when he sold out and moved to what is now Jefferson County, where he secured six hui\dred acres of land, made a good home for his family and lived upon it until his death, which occurred in 1849. His wife, the mother of the subject of tliis sketch, was his com- panion through all these trials and hardships and labors. She died in 1856. To her and her hus- band there were born sixteen children, viz: James L., who was four years old when the move was made to Illinois. He was the pride of the familj-, and his father sent him to Cincinnati, where he ob- tained a fair education, and eventually became fjuite a prominent man, and died in Chicago. John and Priscilla, who both died in Franklin County; Elijaii, who died in Oregon; Lucy and Annie, who died in Perry County; Absalom, who died in Jefferson County; Joseph, who died in Keokuk. Iowa; Elizabeth, widow of Alfred Bettis. of Benton, III.: Matilda, wife of Robert Creed, of the State of Washington; Chisholm, who died at Ml. Vernon, III.; Patience, wife of Parson Tay- lor, a preacher of Franklin County; Melinda, de- ceased; Calvin P.; Mary Ann, wife of D. P. Good- rich, of Mt. Vernon, 111.; and Maletna, dece.-ised. Calvin P. Estts, the fourteenth child, was born in Franklin County. January 5, 18.'52, and was reared on the farm, where he herded cattle and sheep for his father during liis younger days. He at- tended school but little until after he was fourteen years of age, and was then sent to Keokuk, Iowa, to make his home with his elder brother, James, and there he had better opportunities than in the country. His education, however, w.as ob- tained through practical experience in connection with the business which he followed. One of his brothers had a tin shop and store at that point, and his assistance w.as almost indispensable to that brother. He was an excellent salesman .and very quick and .active, and remained there from the spring of 18.50 to the fall of 1857. Then the feeling of unrest which characterized his father manifested itself in him, and awaj' he went to California, first to San Francisco, then to more northern points, and at length to Oregon. He spent two years in the Western country, buying stock, handling sheep, etc., with success, and he then returned to Keokuk, Iowa, where he secured an agency for selling lands for Charles Mason, Commissioner of the Patent Office. He continued thus engaged and in selling timber for about three years, and he then became engaged in gen- eral trading and speculating, with Keokuk .as head- quarters. He then went to Mt. Vernon, 111., where he engaged with W. W. Kimball in the piano and organ business, which business he has fol- lowed ever since. He has built up a large and successful trade, which extends over a large ter- ritory. Mr. Estes was married first in 1855, at Keo- kuk, Iowa, to Addie Jennings, who was a native of Zanesville, Oliio, and died in 1869. He was then married at Vienn.a, III., to Clara Kimball, of Gol- conda. III., who is still living. By his first mar- riage he had five children, viz: Delia, wife of Frank Earsnian, a contractor and builder of Helena, Ark.; Maggie, wife of Edward Keeley, editor of the Dramatic Star, of Seattle, Wash.; William J., engaged in business with his father; and Mary and Florence, both of whom died in Keokuk, Iowa. By his second marriage he h.as had two children, viz: Charlie K., at home; and Ritty Lee, de- ceased. Politically, .Mr. Estes is a Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the Congre- 476 roUTUAlT AND lUOCiRAl'IIICAL KKVIKW. gational Church. He has been in business at Me- tropolis for twelve years, and his is the leading house in his line of trade. Mr. Estes is a genial and popular gentlem.in, and is highly esteemed in this portion of Illinois. ANIEL .lENNINGS, a resident of Pope County, was born in Hamilton County, Tenn., in 1835. His father, Thomas .Jen- nings, was born in Rhea County, Tenn., and died in that State in tlie prime of life in 1839. He left a widow with five children, four sons and one daughter, all of whom are living l3ut one, a daughter. The latter died in middle life in Pope County, tlie wife of .lohn H. Ledbetter. The living ones are as follows: William, a miner of Hardin County; Daniel; .Joseph, a farmer of Pope County, and Elbert, a farmer of Hardin County. The mother of these cliildren was married again, to David Cochram, by whom she had one son and one daughter, the daughter dying at fifteen years of age. The son, .Tames Cociiram, is a farmer in Pope County'. The mother died at sixty-three years of age. Daniel .Jennings w.as reared on the farm up to his eighteenth year, and lie was tiien in Missis- sippi for three years, when he returned to Pope County, and was married to Elizabeth Dickerson, of Kentucky, a daughter of Walter and Mary (Hart) Dickerson. Mr. and Mrs. Dickerson brought their famil}- to Illinois, settling in Hardin County, about 1815, and died in Pojie County. Mr. Dick- erson was accidentally killed at a log rolling when he was thirty-five years old. Mrs. Dickerson died in 1892, at the age of sevent3--six, leaving four children. In Octobei, 1861, Mr. .Jennings volun- teered to fight for the Old Flag, in Company G, Sixtli Illinois Cavalry, and served in the ranks all the time until November, 1865, except for a short time when he was in the hospital from an attack of measles, and during the time of his service was promoted to be Corporal. He participated in many battles, among them the siege of Port Hudson, the raid on Baton Rouge, and in the battle of Nasiiville, where Hood was so gloriously thrashed. While he saw his comrades fall around him, and while a hall struck his saber scabbard, yet he was himself unharmed. Mr. and Mrs. .Jennings have buried two sons, one in infancy, and one, Elihu, at eighteen years of age. He was accidentally killed by being thrown from a mule. They have seven children living, viz: Thomas W., a levee contractor in Mississippi, who is married; Susan, wife of William Potts, a farmer of Pope County, who has one son and one daughter; Daniel, a young man at home; Elva F., a young lady at home; Ada F., a miss of twelve; Elmer, nine and Katie May four. Mr. .Jennings is a stanch Demo- crat, and both he and his wife are inemliers of the United Uaptist Church. He has a farm of one hun- dred and ten acres, on which he carries on general farming, his son doing the work, he himself being an invalid and a pensioner from his services in the war. "JYl OEL R. McKEE, was born in Massac County in June, 1846. He is a son of .John W. and Fannie (Enloe) McKee. The former was a ^^^ native of Missouri, and the latter of Illinois. John W. McKee was the son of James and Nancy McKee, and came to Illinois at a very early day, taking up Government land one mile from Metrop- olis. He cleared a farm, which was covered with timber, built a log house upon it and there reared his family of six children. He at length sold this farm, and bought land in Johnson County, where he resided until his death, March 5, 1866. Joel R. McKee remained at home until he was eighteen years of age, when he enlisted in Company G, Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry. He was at the battle of Atlanta, as he had been in that of Kenesaw Mountain. He was captured in the Stoneman- raid, in Georgia, and was held prisoner at Ander- sonville nine months. He was taken to Golds- borough, N. C, was paroled, afterward serving to PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 477 the end of the war, and was honorably discharged at Springfield, 111. After coming home lie en- gaged in farming on shares for some time, and tlien houglit land in Williamson Count_v, which he afterward exchanged for land in Johnson County near where he now lives. He soon sold this land and bought his present farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Simpson Township. He was married January 11, 1872, to Jane Harper, who was born on the farm upon which she now lives. She is a daughter of Joseph H. and 5Iar\- H. Har- per. Mr. and Mrs. McKee have seven children, viz: Fannie, John E., Emma M., William F., Mary Ann, Joel R., Jr., and Nellie. Mr. McKee is a member of Simpson Lodge No. 773, 1. O. O. F.,and Simpson Post, G. A. R. In politics, Mr. McKee is a loyal Republican. S^i^d^'i IV-'ILLI.AM T. HOUTS, architect and builder of Metropolis, is a son of C. J. Houts, who came to Illinois from Kentucky. The lat- ter w.as a pioneer Methodist preacher, and a man of much force of character, though not a man of much education. He however became familiar with the truths of the Bible, and devoted his life to their expounding. He was a contemporary- of Peter C'artwriglit, and was frequently associated with the great pioneer preacher in religious labor. He w.as born near Louisville, Ky., and came to Soutliern Illinois when about twelve 3-ears old. He was a member of the conference there for forty years. He preached all over southern Illinois, and died at Metropolis about 1882. His name m.ay be found in a life of Peter C'artwriglit, showing that he, as well as that noted minister of the Gospel, was one of the most prominent of these now ex- tinct ministers. He was married to Mary J. Ran- dall, of Monticello, who is living at Des Moines, Iowa, witli a sister. To their marriage there were born ten children: George, a carpenter by trade, living near Chicago; Julia, wife of W. HoInian,of Des .Miiiius. hma; twins, who died in infancy; Mary, wife of H. T. Goddard, a banker of Mount Carmel, 111.; William T.; Anna and Carrie, de- ceased; Jennie, wife of George Quante, of Me- tropolis; and Charles E., deceased. William T. Houts was born at St. Louis, Mo., March 10, 1854, and w.as educated in the common schools. He began life for himself in 1871, going to work for the Wheeler it Wilson Sewing JIachine Company in Chicago. He then learned the car- penter trade at F^vanston, 111., remaining there for twoanda-half years, and then removed to Murphys- borough. 111., where he worked at his trade for one 3-ear, and. then taught school for one winter in Jackson County. He next worked at his trade at Anna, 111., for one year, and in 1875 removed to Metropolis, and there worked at his trade. He has been engaged at Metropolis working at his trade ever since. He has been an industrious and suc- cessful man. Of late he has given more attention to the preparation of plans and specifications for the construction of buildings than to their actual construction. He was married at Metropolis, in 1876, to Emma Lukens, who was born in Newport, Ky. Her parents removed to Metropolis when she was one year old, and are still living here. They have had four children: Herbert, deceased; Mabel, Nellie and Ralph, all at home. Politically, ^Ir. Houts is a Prohibitionist; fra- ternally, an Odd Fellow, and religiously, a Meth- odist, as is also his wife. They are botli active in the work of the church and the Sunday-school. Mr. Houts is now the only architect in Metropolis, and isa man of mucii ability in his profession. He is one of the genial and Christian gentlemen of the city, and is highly esteemed and deservedly popular. — - ' |i |'i1fi ' V l i ; ILLIAM SCHNEEMANN, a farmer, who lived on section 22, township 15, range v^'!^ ii of M.assac County, w.as born in Prussia, Germany, and was reared in his native country, receiving there a good German education and W 478 roiMitAir AND iiKxii; AiMiiCAL KI•;^'II■:w. learning the trade of a stonemason. At tlie age of twentj'-oiie, deciding to come to the United States, he secured passage on board of a sailing- vessel and was on the ocean for nine weel^s, at last landing in Baltimore. Being destitute of money, he was obliged to go to work immedi- ately, but being master of a good trade, it was not diUieull for him to find work to do. lie re- moved from Baltimore to Cincinnati, where lie fol- lowed his trade for sixteen years, at the end of which time, having built up a good business, he sold out to his partner and removed to Metrop- olis. Soon after his arrival in this latter city he purchased a farm of eighty acres and settled down, first in a small log cabin of two rooms, which, compared with the home he had left in Cincin- nati, was very poor indeed. But one year after settling down in this way he built a neat .and commodious house, and added forty acres to his farm, and his family are now living comfortably in this home, which was then new. He worked hard, clearing off the timber and making other improvements, and was successful in securing for himself so long as he lived, and for his famil}' after his death, a good and comfortable home. Mr. Schneemann was married to Sophia Eick- horst, who was born in Hanover, Germany, and died August 1, 1889. She was seventeen years old at the time of her marriage, and became the mother of thirteen children, viz: Lizzie, living in Cincinnati, and the widow of Henry Phillips; Henr^' and Charles, both in Cincinnati; William, deceased; William; Edward, deceased; Elvina, wife of Otto Oaks, of Massac County; George, a school teacher in Massac County; Albert, Edward, Ida, Louis and Alice. The five last named are living on the home farm with their mother. The farm is managed by the sons Albert and Edward, and is in excellent condition, the young men being both enterprising and industrious. Mr. Schneemann was a Republican and strongly in favor of educating the j-oung. He gave all his children a good common-school education, thus fitting them for their positions in life. He was a man of considerable intluence among the German people, and was a most reliable citizen. The son Al- bert is the eldest boy now at home, and the responsi- bilities of llie farm management and of the sup- port of the family fall largely on his shoulders. While his preference is not for a farm life, yet he assumes the duties thus imposed upon him for the sake of his mother and the younger members of the farailv. Too much credit can scarcely be given him for the cour.se in life wiiicli he is now pursuing. BRAM Z. BRUNER, proprietor of a livery, feed and sale stable, at Metropolis, Massac County, is a son of Abram Bruner, who was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, and was brought up to work in an iron foundr3' and at the forge. He began this kind of work very early in life, though he had reasonably good opportunities for securing an education, and attended school sufficiently to acquire such knowledge as a prac- tical man is always in need of. He was married in Ohio to Eliza Devers, also a native of Ohio, and removed to Massac County and settled on a farm seven miles northeast from the present site of Me- tropolis, having secured there one hundred and twenty acres of land. He commenced on this land a poor man. It had but little clearing made upon it, but he soon succeeded in building a house and barn and in getting his premises into shape for a comfortable home. He however had to haul such lumber as he needed sixteen miles, which was the best he could do at that time. He continued at work upon his farm, and soon had a sufficient por- tion of it cleared up so that he could cultivate crops upon which to support his family. He afterward sold his farm, removed to Metropolis, and engaged in the livery business, for which purpose he erected a neat and commodious barn, and continued thus engaged until his death, which occurred March 30, 1889. His widow is still living in Metropolis. She and her husband were the parents of six chil- dren: Amanda, wife of W. H. Jones, who is en- gaged in selling flour in New York City; Lucy, widow of Tom Ward; Allie, wife of Dr. .1. T. Wil- I ♦ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 479 lis, of Metropolis; Sallie, wife of Edward Hood, hotel proprietor of Metropolis; Libbie, wife of W. H. Toler. grocer of Metropolis; and Abram Z. Our subject was born in Metropolis, July 2, 1868, and secured a good education in tlie public Schools of this city. He went to work in the drug store of Dr. Willis, and became a registered phar- macist, remaining there from the time he was fif- teen years old until the death of his father, which made it necessary for him to attend to the busi- ness left by the latter. He has ever since been en- gaged in the livery busines, and has his share of the trade of Metropolis and vicinity. lie has a good barn, good hoi-ses and buggies, and is in every way an accommodating and popular gentle- man. KANCI.S M. DIXCAN. Prominent among the successful farmers of Pope County is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, who resides in township 11, range 6, and was born in Rhea County, Tenu., in 1842. His father, Russell Duncan, was born in Washington County, Tenn., in 1817, and is a sou of William Duncan, of the same county. The latter was a farmer, as was also his father, Charles Duncan, of North Car<>lina, who was also a mechanic. IJoth Charles Duncan and his son William died in Wash- ington County, Tenn., at quite an advanced age. The mother of our subject was JIary T. Rector, of East Tennessee, who after she married Russell Duncan lived in Tennessee until 1870. That year Mr. and Mrs. Duncan removed by team to Jeffer- son County, 111., and tliere the latter died in 1879, Mgcd fifty-six years, having been the mother of thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters, one of whom died when an infant. Landon R., who w.as a volunteer in the Second Tennessee In- fantry of the Federal army, died in Kentucky in the spring of 1862, in his twenty-first year. Mary Saphrona died in Illinois at about the age of twenty-eight; Sarah M., wife of William Secrest, died in Illinois; Hiram II. died at his parents' 26 home in 1884; and Ellen E.,a single lady, died also at home, in 1892. The names of the living are as follows: Margaret E., in Alabama; Francis M., the subject of this sketch; Charles Polk, a farmer of Pope County; John A., a farmer of Jeflferson County; William E., also a farmer of Jefferson County; Vesta E., wife of Henry Miner, of Jeffer- son County; and Adeline, wife of David Mooney. Francis M. Duncan, who was the second child and second son, and is the eldest of the fam- il}- living, was reared to farm life, worked hard when a bo}', and was almost entirelj' deprived of educational advantages. He enlisted in his twentieth year in Kentuck}' in the Fifth Tenn- essee Infantry, of the Union army, and served in the ranks over three j'ears, except when sick in the hospital for a short time. His brothers, Charles Polk and John A., were also volunteers in the Federal army. These men in Tennessee who en- tered the Union army knew something of what it cost to be loyal to the Old Flag, and they also knew something of the cost of war. At first Mr. Duncan volunteered at home, but the regiment was soon disbanded and each member of it fled for safety. For some time he was secreted in the mountains with his father and brother, but one night went home to sleep in his bed, and was captured by the rebels and held a prisoner, but only for two hours, when he made his escape. The next spring he was one of thirty-three to cross the mountains and volunteer in Kentucky, and came out of the war without being wounded. In April, 1866, our subject was married to Miss Sarah Jane Robbs, of Pope County, and a daugh- ter of .1. L. Robbs. He and his wife then went to Missouri for a few month, but later returned to this county, and in 1876 they bought forty acres of land for ^400, which he settled, and later bought another forty .acres, so that now he has eighty acres of land. He built a part of his pres- ent good dwelling-house in the fall of 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan have buried one infant daugh- ter, Mary L., and have six children living, viz: Amanda .S., wife of Joseph (iossage, a farmer of Pope County; Vesta I., wife of William Gossage, and who has three children; William A., a young man of nineteen, at home; Minnie, a young lad\- 480 POHrUAlT AND UIOCUArillCAL HP:VIKW. of eighteen; Elrnina, a miss of fourteen; and Thomas L., twelve j-ears old. Mr. Duncan is a Master Mason, and is a Sinmn- pure Republican in polities. Both he and his wife are members of the Social Hrcthren Church, and both having been somewhat unfortunate as to educational opportunities in their youth, and real- izing it, are doing the best they can to give their children all a good education. Mr. Duncan carries on general farming, all his eiglity acres being under cultivation. The^' are devoted to the raising of corn, wheat, oats and hay, and a few cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. •^^■^H^@!^l^^- \T/OIIN M. KELTNER, a merchant of New I I Burnside since 1879, was born in Giles ^^1 I Count}-, Tenn., in July, 1854. His father ^5^^ was Lewis B. Keltner, of the same county, where he was engaged in farming, as was his father before him. This grandfather of John M. Keltner was of German ancestry, and, it is believed, was born in Germany. The wife of Lewis B. Keltner was Mary Farris, of the same part of Ten- nessee, who with her husband came to southern Illinois with a small famil}^ but within about one year they returned to Tennessee, subsequently coming to Johnson County in 1857, where they settled on one hundred and si.xty acres of land in Simpson Township, which Mr. Keltner had pur- chased on his first visit to the State. Tiie}' com- menced life in moderate circumstances, but by in- dustry and frugalit}- soon /had a comfortable home and a competency, and the farm upon wliich tliey settled is still owned in the family. Lewis B. Keltner died on this farm in 1884, aged fifty- seven years, and his widow, now sixty-eight j-ears old. is in excellent health and still lives on the farm. She has four sons and one daughter living: Stephen F., a farmer near tiie old iiome, who has a wife, one son and two daughters; Edward, a farmer of Pope County, who has a wife and one daugh- ter; and John M. and W. L., the two latter being in partnership in New Burnside, in the hardware and furniture business. W. L. has a wife, two sons and two daughters. The 3'oungest of the family, Alice, is the wife of Thomas B. Murrie, and has two sons and one daughter living. They reside on a farm near the old homestead. Lewis B. Keltner was fairly successful in life and left a small estate. The youth of .lohn M. Keltner was sjjent on the farm, consequently he received a somewhat lim- ited education, and when nineteen years old he married Martha E.Moore, who was seventeen years of age. She was the daughter of Green B. Moore, of Tennessee, who died about 1867, having been preceded to his final rest a few years by his wife. She has two brothers: James M. Jloore, of Simpson Township, and George, a farmer on Horse I'rairie. Her sister, Indiana, is the wife of Thomas Simpson, a farmer on Horse Prairie, in Jefferson County. Mr. Keltner and wife began domestic life on her father's farm, where the}' lived one year, and then bought a farm of eighty-seven acres adjoining his father's farm, for which he paid -§800. Here he lived from 1875 to 1879, when he sold the farm and removed to New Burnside, buying the drug business and store of F. M.Jones, and remaining in that business until 1889, when he sold his store and bought a farm of eighty acres, upon which he lived the next winter. In the spring of 1890 he sold it and again removed to the village, where he began business as a hardwaie and furniture dealer, buying out the business of a Mr. Gre}'. This bus- iness he conducted alone until September, 1891, when he took in his brother, W. L., as partner. They were among the many losers by the great fire of December of that j-ear, but being pai-tially in- sured they soon rebuilt and commenced business in their new store in April, 1892. In February, 1892, Mr. Keltner opened the store b}' the side of the track with a stock of clothing, etc., in com- pany with Mr. Graham, under the firm name of Graham & Co., this business being managed by an employe named W. I. Hampton. Mr. Keltner and his brother each devote a part of their time to the hardware and furniture busi- ness. The former rented a dwelling until Oc- tober, 1891, when he bought his present fine home. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 181 which is the elegant new house erected b3' John J)uPont, on thirteen and one-lialf acres of land, witii line ornamental siiade and fruit trees. He has lost one daughter, Nora A., who died at the age of eight j'ears, in April, 1892. One son, Lewis O., a young man of eighteen, is living at home and attending school. Mr. Keltner is not an office-seeker nor active in politics, but he votes the Democratic ticket, and has been School Trus- tee for some three j'ears. He is a Royal Arch ^Mason, and was an Odd Fellow, but withdrew from the order. Both he and wife are members of the United Baptist Church. O^ RS. MARIA Cl>AYTON, widow of the late John Clayton, is a daughter of Isaac li L. and Xancy (Jackson) Martin, deceased, -^ and at the present time resides in town- ship 11, range 6, Pope County-. Her father was a native of Tennessee, and his wife of Hardin County, 111. In 1824, when a lad of twelve years, he came to Illinois with his parents, and here lived and died on his own farm. He was a brave soldier in the Black Hawk War and married a lady by the name of Xancy Jackson, who bad been previously" married to George Doctorman, by whom she had two sons, one of whom grew to mature j'cars. She bore Mr. Martin four sons and four daughters. One daughtei died in infancy, and there are now living but four of the eight children. George, the second child and first son, was a volunteer in Company A, Twenty- ninth Illinois Infantry, under the command of ('apt. Terrell, and later under Capt. Howard. He 1 nlistcd when seventeen yeai-s of age, in 1862, as ■i private soldier, and was taken prisoner near Natchez, Miss., where he was confined one j'car, and died of scurvy and starvation in Xovember, 1«6.'), in his twentieth year. The family could loam nothing of his fate until a long time after his death. Franklin P. died in March, 1872, in his eighteenth year, of pneumonia; John died in 1874, in his twentj'-second j'ear, of fever. The surviving members of the family are Mrs. Maria Clayton, of this sketch; Anna, wife of Marshall IlifT, a farmer of Hardin County; Izora, widow of John Keeling, residing on her farm near Eliza- bethtown ; and Isaac L., a farmer of Hardin County. The mother of these children died in 1860, leav- ing the 3'oungest child two years old, and Mrs. Clayton, the eldest of the family, had the responsi- bility of the family upon her hands for ten 3'ears. When she was twenty-six years old, our subject married Isaiah Ragau, of Ohio, in 1869, in Hardin County, where thej' lived two years, and then lived in Livingston County, K3'., for the same length of time. In January, 1873, the^' removed to the present home of Mrs. Claj'ton, where she has lived ever since. They had but little to begin with, but at that time had saved up some monej' and bought two hundred and fift3' acres of land with fair improvements for «il,250, pa3'ing all down but 8200, the rest within one 3'ear. After three years they bought eight3- acres more, making the pres- ent farm three hundred and thirty acres, situated on section 34, township 11, range 6. Mr. Ragan died in July, 1877, at the age of thirt3--five, leav- ing his widow with two sons and two daughters, viz: William Henry, a young man at home; John, tweiit3^ years old; Narrissa, a young lady; and Mollie, fifteen 3-ears of age. The3' are all at home, the sons working on the farm, and the daiighlei-s attending school. The father of these children, Isaiah Ragan, was the son of William and Marv (Leper) Ragan, the former of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. They came to Illinois from Ohio in 1856, and settled on a farm near the ])ar- ents of Mrs. Clayton, and their children grew up together. Mrs. Ragan was married to the late John Clayton, a son of John Clayton, of Kentucky. The latter was a carpenterbv trade, and followed that occupa- tion verv profitably for man3- years. He married Eliza Hill, of Kentucky, then the widow of a Mr. Sloan, and removed to Evansvillc, Ind., about 1840, and in 18,04 to Eliz.abethtown, HI., where they died, the mother in middle life, leaving five children b3' Mr. Clayton and two b3- her fii-st hus- 482 roHTKAir AM) I!1(»(;HA1'IUCAL KKVIEW. band. Mr. Cla3'ton lived some years afterward, and died in 18',I2, at the age of seven tj'-seven. Three of his children are still living. John Clay- ton was a carpenter by trade and was married to Mrs. Ragan in 187!). He died in November, 1891. Mrs. Clayton has the symi)ath_v' of many friends in her aHliction, which she is bearing with great for- titude and resign.ntion. <* IRILLI AM H. GILliERT, a prominent farmer \/\//l ^^ Pope County, 111., who has resided on his WW present farm of tiirce hundred and twenty acres on section 4, township 12, range 6, for nineteen j-ears, was born in 1840, near where he now lives. His father, .lames Gilbert, was born in Kentnck}' May 8, 1803, where he was a farmer, as was also his father before him. He married Minerva Rose, of Hardin County, this State, daughter of Elbert and Sarah (Hobbs) Rose, of Virginia. The paternal grandfather of our subject died in Kentucky, and the grandmother then removed to Indiana, where she died, having reared four sons and two daughters, of whom .lames was the second son and chdd. When a 3'oung man .James Gilbert came to Illinois, and was married JIarch 30, 1830, to Minerva Rose, who was born in 1811. He left home when quite a youth, but upon the death of his father returned to Kentucky and removed his mother to Indiana, where his elder brother, Rich- ard, lived. After the death of his mother he brought two sisters and a brother from Indiana to Pope County. After his marriage he removed to Hardin County, 111., and lived there for one year, and in the spring of 1832 he removed to a farm near the present farm of the subject of this sketch, and here bought a settler's claim and moved into the little log cabin already erected. Here he and his wife lived permanently, he clear- ing up the farm and succeeding by hard work in making a good home. When he began life on this place he had but little or no cash capital, but be- fore his death he owned several farms, the home farm containing some four hundred acres of land. He and his wife had eleven children, live sons and six daughters, all but one of whom grew to mature years. They were Louisa, who married William Jackson and died at the age of fifty-five, leaving two daughters; E. R., who died in Missouri in the prime of life, leaving one daughter; Martha A., who married Jonathan Fulkersou and is now de- ceased; James R., who died when a 3'oung man; Sarah, who died at sixteen; William H.; Aaron T., who died at the old home, leaving two sons; Eliz- beth, wife of John G. Anderson, a farmer and merchant of the vicinity; Minerva, who married A. P. Holioway and died leaving one daughter; Elmina, wife of J. G. Whiteside; and John R., who died when eight j'eats old. William H. Gilbert was reared on the farm to habits of industrj'. His earlj^ education was re- ceived first in the subscription schools and later in the free schools, as the change from the one system to the other was made in this country when he was a boy. The subscription schoolhouse was the t^'pical primitive school building of that early da^', with its puncheon ftoor, the writing desk a shelf on pins driven into the wall, and the windows mere apertures or openings without glass. The fireplace was at one end of the building and the chimney was of claj' or sticks. Here our subject learned the rudiments of an English education, that is, reading, writing and arithmetic, fairly well. He left home and was married at the age of twentj'-three years to Margaret King, daughter of A. N. and Parraelia (S. Barger) King, earl}- settlers of Pope County. Mrs. Gilbert was born in this county in 1842, and after her union with our sub- ject settled on the old homestead and there lived five years, at which time thej' bought a farm of one hundred and ten acres near b^-, on which they lived four years, and then sold and bought two hundred acres, a part of their present farm, for $7.50 per acre. He has always carried on general fanning, raising more corn than wheat, oats or haj-. He sometimes raises as high as fifteen hun- dred bushels of corn and five hundred of wheat. He keeps all kinds of stock for his own use. In politics Mr. Gilbert is a Republican, and he PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 483 and his wife are members of tlie Methodist Epis- copal Cimrch. They iiave buried two sons and one daughter. James A. and John T. died of mem- branous croup; they were aged six and four years respectively. Prudy died when seven months old. They have eight children living, three sons and five daugliters, viz: Ella, widow of George Jack- son, who is living near by and has one son; Elbert W., a single man at home; Almeda, wife of C. S. Terry, a neighboring farmer, who has one son and two daughters; Henry, a young man; Ada, a young lady; Parmela. fourteen years of age, Minerva, twelve, and William R.. a lad of ten, all at home and in school. Jlr. and Mrs. Gilbert are determined that their children shall have at least the best of opportunities within their reach for securing an education, and if there is any shortcoming it will not be their fault. They are kind and indulgent parents, agreeable acquaint- ances and warm friends, who are esteemed b}' all who have the «ood fortune to know them. I' |ILLIAM CONLEY, a farmer living on sec- iV/i'jf ^'"'^ ''^i townshiij 13, range 7, Pope y County, is a son of John Conle^^ a farmer and a native of Ohio. The father of .John Conle\' was also a farmer, wlu) lived in Ohio, and reared his son on the farm, who, on account of meagre educational facilities, failed to secure more than a very ordinary education. He was married when about twenty-three years old to .Susan Ward, who was also from Ohio, and after marriage he removed to Illinois by team and wagon, commencing a poor man, making ties and chopping cord wood in the winter time, and in the summer time raising a crop. He at first rented a farm in Saline County, 111., and continued in this way to make his living until he was able to buy eighty acresof land. Be- fore he was able to get settled on it, however, the war broke out, and with the enthusiasm of patriot- ism which characterized the young men, particu- larly of the Northern States, he enlisted in Com- pany K, Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantr3-, and served about three years in the army, participating in numerous battles and minor engagements. He re- turned to Saline County after the war closed, but with healtii impaired, and followed farming to the best of his ability until he died. He was the father of ten children, viz: Sylvanus, deceased; Jane, wife of T. J. Stiff, living in Pope County; Ellen, wife of M. Tharpe, a farmer of Pope County; William and Williamson, twins, farmers of Pope County: Emeline, deceased; Edmund and Edna, twins, both living with William; Anson and Fan- nie, twins, the former living with William, and the latter deceased. The father died in Saline County, but the mother is now living with Willian). Our subject, one of the first pair of twins, was born in Pope County near Wilson Mill, January I, I860, and was brought up on the farm, and up to nine 3'ears of age received his education in the public schools, afterward getting what he could outside, and becoming fairly well educated. He was only ten years old when his father died, and as the family was very poor he had to take hold at that earl}' age of whatever he could find to do, in order to assist in the support of the family. He worked at twenty-five or thirty cents per day for some time, his wages increasing as age and strength increased. This he continued to do until he was twenty-one years old, when he felt that it was time for him to do something for himself, and so raised a crop awaj- from home, which he gathered and took home. He has always had his mother with him, and while he had to struggle hard for an existence, yet industry, patience and kindness have their reward, and he is now in comfortable circum- stances. In 1888 our subject bought his present farm of two hundred and eight_v-sevcn acres, which was at that time somewhat improved, but he has im- proved it considerably since, and he has now a fine farm. It is situated high on a bank of the Ohio, on the outside of a considerable bend in the river, and the view from the farm is magnificent both up and down the stream. Mr. Con ley is one of the successful farmers of Pope County, and as comfortably situated as regards this world's goods I'oinu.vrr and iuockai'iikai- i;i;\ii;\v. !is :iii\- in:in iici'd wish to lie. hi April, 1HH9, on Kiii^ter .Sunday, lie was married to Miss Fannie Phelps, of Pope County, whose parents were from Kentucky and Illinois, but both are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Conloy have one cliild, Bulla Ann. In politics, Mr. Conley is a Republican, and believes strongly in the education of the young. He is a very popular j'oung man, and is in a fiiio con- dition to make a success of life. G- EORGE SAWYER, attorney-at-law of Me- opolis. Massac County, is a grandson of Amos Sawyer, who was born in England, emigrated to the United States and settled in New Hampshire. He is a son of William Sawyer, who was born in New Hampshire in 1827, and who early in life learned the trade of a blacksmith. He removed to Illinois when young. His education was somewhat limited, being obtained in the com- mon schools, but he subsequently learned much by observation, and acquired a wide knowledge of persons, places and things. He was a nat- ural musician and could play on almost any in- strument. Upon coming to Illinois he first en- gaged in work at Metropolis, and afterward worked on the farm of his father until the break- ing out of the War of the Rebellion. In 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, and served until August, 1863, when lie was hon- orably discharged. He had considerable exper- ience in the army and was in man^' battles and skirmishes, among which may be mentioned Holly Springs, Grierson's raid, Franklin and Nashville. He was injured while lifting on a wagon at Holly Springs, and was discharged on account of disa- bility, after which he returned home, with health much impaired, and began work on the farm. His father died in December, 1863, he died in January of the following year, and liis mother died De- cember 18, 1881. He was a successful business man and accumulated a competency for old age, but his widow, after expending her all in defend- ing a law suit in whiih the title to the farm was in some way involved, died poor, the f;uni being taken away from her under process of law. Mr. Sawyer, the father of our subject, married Thcodosia Monroe, a native of Virginia, whose parents removed to Pope County-, and were farm- ers; they are both deceased. Mrs. Saw\-er was of Iiish extr.'iction. George was tlie only child of his mother, and was born at Metropolis September 1, 18G1. He was nine years old when his father's property was taken, and he seemed then to have nothing upon which to depend. He therefore went to work for an uncle, being determined to do something for himself. He worked three months for 18.20. The next year he worked for a neigh- bor on a farm and continued to work on a farm for six years, securing books and studying nights in order to have an education. He had bis books with him on all sorts of occasions, and put in every spare minute in study. He was so deter- mined that he made progress under the most ad- verse circumstances, where most other boj's would have been thoroughly discouraged and would have failed. He learned rapidl}', and at the age of nineteen began teaching school, at the same time reading law, and thus b\' hard work and ]ilenly of it he secured his own education. He read not only Blackstone's Commentaries, but also other books on the law, and so successful was he in his study that he was admitted to the Bar in 188it, and commenced the practice of the law immedi- ately at Metropolis. He has since been engaged in the practice with success. After two 3'cars' practice our subject was elected to the position of City Attornej-. He has formed no partnership and has had no assistance, quite the contrary, for at first, as he says, the cold shoulder was turned to him by the older members of the Bar, until he compelled recognition, and he is now one of the most promising of the attorneys of the place. He was married Januaiy 31, 1892, to Lydia Barham, daughter of Robert C. Barham, Sheriff of the county. IMr. and Mrs. Sawyer have one son, Robert James. Politically Mr. Sawyer is a Reimhlioan and also a Knight of Pythias. He is a young man of pleas- ing appearance and of pleasant address, is quite PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 185 popular and has the qualifications of a good lawj'er, as is shown In' his remarkable success under tlie adverse circumstances of his earlier life, as well as those of his career as an attorney at the Bar. 1^4 ^^= jfijij^, ICIIAKL WILKIXS, a farmer living on section 23, township 15, range 4, Massac County-, is a son of Willoughby Wilkins, who was born in North Carolina, removed thence to Indiana, and at length came to Illinois, locating first in Saline County, and then removing to Massac County about 1840. lie bought a farm here near New Columbia, which had upon it but little improvement, and forty acres of which were deeded land. The land and the improvements upon it cost him $150, and as there was a little log cabin already' built, he moved into this shelter and lived there six years. During this time he improved his little farm, and then bought eighty acres of deeded land and made a claim to eighty acres more, on which he resided until his death. His life was not an easv one in the woods, and as there were no roads, he trotted horseback to mill and to other i)laces where it was necessaiy for him to go, but after a time he had o.ven and carts, and horse mills came into vogue. The timber was heavy, and he burned up a great deal of it to get it out of the way. The mother of our subject was Miss Nanc^- Tanner, a native of North Carolina, who died about 1873. B}- his marriage with Miss Tanner Mr. Wilkins had nine cliildren, namely: Bryant, John, Lewis, .Sarah, .Samuel and Thomas, all de- ceased; Michael; Alfred, deceased; and Elizabeth, widow of Alfred Vaughn, wlio was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion. Micliael Wilkins was born in Posey County, Ind., January 5, 1823, and was brought up to hard work on the farm, having but little opportunity to get a good education. What education he did obtain was in the primitive log .schoolhouse, which was mostly in the summer time, when there was no need for (Ires. He luis learned more by actual contract witii the world and by observation than he learned in school. He began life for himself when nineteen j'ears old, working by the month in the timber, making staves, splitting rails, etc. He engaged with five others to cut and make a boat-load of slaves to take down the river to New- Orleans, but tlie man for whom they did this work died suddenly- and his creditors took the stufF,and those who did the work received but little for their long job. Mr. Wilkins then hired to a man ' to raise a crop on his farm, the man furnishing everything and giving him half. The croj) was a good one and he made some money at this job, after which he engaged to learn the wagon-maker's and the cabinet-maker's trade and to do car|)en- tering at Metropolis, working in this way for the next thirteen years. He then bought a farm thir- teen miles northeast from town and lived there until 1861, when he bought where he now resides, selling the other place, which was mainly in the woods and had but little improvement upon it. Our subject did not, however, make his home on the last purchase at once, but instead moved into Metropolis, bought town lots, improved them and kept a boarding-house. He tiieii rented his town property and moved onto his farm, into a little cabin. He improved his place, worked hard, got out timber for and built a good, substantial house, one of the best in the county, in which he still lives. I'lre destroyed his place in town and be rebuilt it, two good brick buildings, one of the best corners in Metropolis, which he now has rented. He was about twenty-one years old when he was married first to ]\Iartha Johns, who was from Kentucky, and died about 1849, leaving three children, namely: Henry, who was a soldier in Company A, Si-^th Illinois Cavalry, fought in man3' battles and is now living in Evansville, Ind.; Jane and Elizabeth, both deceased. He was married the second time, to Mrs. Elizabeth Yates, from Ohio, who was brought to Illinois by her parents, who arc now both dead. Her first hus- band was John Yates, and by him she had three cliildren, namely: Harriet, wife of Dr. Gowan, of Metropolis: John and Kittle A., both dece.ised. Her marriage with Mr. Wilkins occurred April 13, 486 POUTUAIT AND HIOCRAl'l 1 1 (A I, IM:\'IKW, 1857, :ui(l liy liiiii sIk' lias luid fotii' cliildrcii, iiaiiK'ly : llattie Ellen, wife of Wiley Nix, a faiuiei' of Massac County; Magj^ie J., wife of L. I). Fullmer, a farmer of Massac County; E. O., a farmer near the old home; and Andrew W., who died October 10, 181(2. Politically, Mr. AVilkins is a Democrat, and religiously he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Clinrch, but his wife is a member of the I'uited Hrethrcn Chiufh. ractiee of medicine at once. He left Pennsylviuiia in 18r)2 and went to Kentucky, locating in Livingston County, and beginning there the practice of his profession. Krom there he went to Stewart County, Tcnn., and contracted to do the practice for three large iron furnaces, the liaura, the Great Western and the Iron Mountain. These furnaces had in their cmploj' about one hundred and forty men, slaves, each. He was eraploj'cd there two years, and he then removed to Hilaud, Marshall County, Ky., where he remained engaged in the practice of medicine for about two years. He then removed to Wadesboro, Ky., in 1859, and re- mained there until 1861, when, on account of his political opinions, he was compelled to leave that State. He procured a little wood boat and floated down the Ohio River, landing at Metropolis, 111., but remained there only about a month, when he went on board the steamer "Charley Bowen" and went to Elizabothtown, 111., and there practiced his profession until 1867. He then removed to Odin, Marion County, 111., and was engaged there as a specialist for two years. He was then em- ployed on a salary by the Paducah it Elizabeth- town Railroad Company, to practice for them at the crossings on the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. This position he held until 1870, when he returned to Metropolis, and remained there until May 7, 1872, when he returned to Hardin County, and located near Rosiclare, continuing the prac- tice of medicine. On January 18, 1877, Dr. McGinis removed to his present home and here he has built up a large and profitable practice. He has also a fine and well-improved farm, and is, all in all, one of the leading men of the count}'. He was married No- vember 6, 1856, to Emeretta Downs, by whom he had two children: Virginia E. K., wife of Pernitt Terrell, a farmer of Hardin County, and Nellie J., wife of Dennis Isom. Mrs. McGinis died, and afterward he married Augusta Jarvis, of Tennes- see, by whom he has had live children, two of whom are living: Thomas .7., attending medical College at Nashville, Tenn., and Charles F., now pr.acticiug medicine at Lamb, Hardin County, III. This second wife also died, and he was married ,luly 11, 1878, to his present wife, who was Mai-- garet N. Whitesides, of Pope County, 111. I)i-. McGinis is a Mason, and votes the Kcpublican ticket. -=^m>^i^ears old; Ollie, eleven; Evy, seven; and Otto, four. Our subject 492 PORTKAIT AND IJKXiRAl'IIICAL IJKXIKW. lived firet for a few years on forty acres of land given him by his father, and then sold this and bought seventy acres where he now lives in 1870. Mr. Horsley carries on mixed farming, and makes with his sorghum mill about live hundred gallons of syrup each year. He has always been a Repub- lican and is a Master Mason, and has been Senior Warden, Tyler and Chaplain. Believing in edu- cation, he is giving his children the best advant- ages he can afford, and he and his family are re- spected residents of this vicinity. AMUEL JACKSON, a resident of \'ienna City, .Johnson County, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., December 4, 1830. His fa- ther, Samuel Jackson, was, it is thought) born in North Carolina, but spent his later years in Tennessee, dying in 1830. The maiden name of his wife was Nancy Porterfield. She survived her husband many years and died in Pulaski County, 111. Samuel Jackson was born a few weeks after his father's death and his mother then went to re- side with her deceased husband's parents, William and Frances Ann Jackson, coming with them to Illi- nois in 1831, the removal being made overland in a four-horse wagon. They all lived in Sangamon Countj' two years and then removed to what is now Pulaski County. They resided there and in Union County for some years. When Samuel Jackson was twelve years old he was bound out to a doctor, to live with him until he was twent3'-one years old. He remained with the doctor until 1847, receiving his board and clothes for his services, and from that time on he cared for himself. During the year 1847 he en- gaged with a mail contractor to carry the mail from Vienna to Shawneetown, a distance of sixty miles, niakin,^ the round trip three times per week on horseback for three months. In the spring of 1848 he put in a crop of corn for Mrs. A'anderbilt and received $30 for his labor, but not in cash. In October of the same year he went to Mississippi and was employed on Island No. 75, or Ozark Island, at the mouth of the Arkansas River. Before going down the Mississippi River, however, he had been engaged at different kinds of work, a part of the time on the farm at twenty- five cents per day. At that time the nearest mills were operated by horse power and it was necessary for him when he went to mill to start by three o'clock in the morning and sometimes then he had to wait all da^- to get his grist, parching corn in the ashes for his dinner. Our subject remained in the South until March 25, when the cholera broke out and his bedfellow sickened and died in a few hours. He returned at once to Johnson County, but without any money. He obtained two days' work at fifty ctnts per daj', and on the 25th of April he engaged as porter in a general store. He was thus employed six months, when he became a clerk in the same store, remain- ing there until 1853. He then went to Jones- boro and clerked one year and then one year in Pulaski County. He afterward went to Anna, Union County, and remained there until March, 1856, when he went to St. Louis and clerked in a wholesale boot and shoe store until July, 1859. Returning to Illinois, he located at Vi- enna with a capital of §2,000 and engaged in business for hirasclC on the corner west of the Perkins' House. In December, 1861, he formed a partnership with John Bain, the firm name being Bain & Jackson, which continued until Mr. Bain's death. He then formed a partnership with his son, A.G.Jackson, and W. B. Bain, under the name of Samuel Jackson & Co., which partner- ship continued until their store was burned down, December 26, 1891. Mr. Jackson then engaged in the sale of farm implements, carriages, wagons, etc. Our subject was married September 23, I860, to Frances P. Bain, who was born in Bloomfield, Joiinson County, 111., in 1843, and who is a daugh- ter of John and Winnie Bain. To this marriage there have been born eight children, viz: Samuel A., Arthur G., Cora, Harry M., John B., Winnie May, Walter H. and William G. Ik- lias one son, Samuel A., by a former wife. Mrs. .lackson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 493 Mr. Jackson is a Republican in politics and is a member of Vienna Lodge Xo. 150, A. F. & A. M.; of Vienna Chapter No. C7. K. A. M.. and Cora Council , R. & S. M. *jr=!^ I'GENE LAFONT, manager and part pro- fe] prietor of the Erainre Mills at Metropolis, ' — '-^ Massac County, is a son of Lewis A. Lafont, who came from Missouri to Illinois about 1850. He owned a trading-boat, and on his way to Mas- sac County stopped first at Brooklyn. Soon after his arrival he was married to Mclinda Clioat, and shortly after his marriage he engaged in general merchandising in Metropolis, in which business he continued for a number of A'cars. He then en- gaged in the manufacture of brick and in con- tracting and building. He constructed numerous large business blocks in Metropolis, among them the Empire Mill, putting the machinery in the mill and running it for four years. He then removed to Arkansas, where he is still living. His wife is now living with her son Eugene. To the marriage of Lewis A. Lafont tiiere were born nine children: Augustus, who died in Massac County; Eugene; Mary, deceased; Lena, wife of "W. W. Largent; Fannie,wife of R. Dye; and Walter, Willie, Charles and Richard, all four deceased. Eugene Lafont was born in Metropolis March 22, 1857, and was reared in that city. When he was fourteen 3'ears old the family needed some one to care for them, and he started out in life to assist in the support of his mother and tiie j'ounger children. He had already received a little educa- tion in the common schools, sufficient to enable him to carr}' on such work or business as he could find to do. He went to work in the mill and did whatever there was for him to do that he was ca- pable of doing. He fii-st ran the dray, and after a time the engine, and so on, from time to time tak- ing a higher and more responsible pl.ice, until he was master of the whole business in all its details. He was observing, faithful and [iractical, and in 1880 he bought an interest in the mill. Since that time he has been the man.ager, and the repu- tation the mill enjoys to-day is the result of his business capacity and tact. He has kept the mill up with the times, introducing such improvements as commended themselves to his judgment. During all this time he has been a most dutiful son and has taken care of his mother. He was married in 1877 to Melissa, daughter of William Bruner, whose bio- graphical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. By this marriage he has two children, William A. and Roy, both of whom are at home. Politically, Mr. Lafont is a Democrat, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow. He w.as a representative of his lodge to the Grand Lodge in 1892. His wife is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. La- font is a man of more than ordinary business abil- it3' and has met with a corresponding degree of success. He is a genial and courteous gentleman, stands high in the community and has hosts of friends. ]-^f^'u EISRY WIXDllOHST, .Ju. A really most ) important business in the community is that :^)^ of familj' grocer. He it is who supplies us with the choice selection of edibles and condiments which, separate or combined in quan- tities known only to the cook, become either the staff or the sauce of life. It is the grocer who sells us the fruit of many climes, all prepared and ready for household use. But it is necessaiy to health fulness that these same groceries shall be pure, clean .and fresh, and too much caution can not be taken to guard against imposition in this important part of domestic life. The safest and best manner is to select as family grocers only those who are perfectly reliable and understand their business, that the}- themselves raaj- not be imposed upon in buying and unwittingly impose upon their trade. Such a house as one may select with perfect confidence is that of which Henr3' Windluust is ihc proprietor. 494 rORTRAIT AND 1SI()( iUAlMII CM. KKNIKW. Our subject's father, who also beai-s the name of Ilenrj', was born in Germany in 1837, and came to America in 1851, crossing to this country in a sailing-vessel and landing safely in New York af- ter ii very rough and long passage. From New York he at once went to Cincinnati, in which city he secured eniplo3'mcntas a clerk in a drug store at a salary of $7 per week, but after continuing thus for two years he secured a position in a wholesale grocery. After some time he decided to locate in the West, and in 1861 became a citizen ot Metrop- olis, 111., in the vicinity of which place he purchased some land and began farming, and this occupation received his attention until his death, in 1888. He had succeeded well in this calling and had made a comfortable competency for his declining years. His union with Miss Frcdericka Sanman, which was celebrated in German 3' in 1849, resulted in the birth of seven children: Henry (the subject of this sketch), Fritz, Barney, Mamie, Frank, and two that died in infancy. Henry AVindhorst, whose name heads this sketch, was born in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio, Septem- ber 30, L853. Unfortunately, he did not receive as good educational advantages in his j'outh as he could have desired, but being naturally in- telligent, he has made good use of his talents and is justly considered a well-informed man, and es- pecially well versed in the details of his calling, for which he has a decided liking, notwithstanding the f.act that it entails a great deal of hard work. When he attained his majority he decided to com- mence the battle of life for himself and for some time thereafter worked as a day laborer, receiving as compensation from fifty to seventy-five cents per daj-. This state of affairs was not at all satis- factory and he soon gave it up to become a clerk in a grocery in Metropolis, III., and so well was he pleased with the work that he continued it until 1892, at which time he opened a store of his own, which he is now conducting in a thoroughly satis- factory manner both to himself and to tlie large number of patrons who tlock to his well-conducted emporium. lie carries a most complete line of staple and fancy groceries, including everything these comprehensive terms may imply. Mr. Windhorst was married July 28, 181)2, to Mrs. Mary A. Derris, of Metropolis, 111. He is a member of Lodge No. 86, 1. O. O. F., and Encamp- ment No. 41, and politically affiliates with the Hepublican party. yP. CARTKK, proiirielor of a livery, feed and sale stable at Metropolis, Massac Count3-, is a son of William Carter, who was a saddler by trade and came from Tennessee. The latter was married in that State to Mar^- A. Lawler, also a native of Tennessee. They both died there when the subject of this sketch was a small boy. They left three children, viz: James M., now living in Kentucky; William P., and Jos- eph B., of Memphis, Tenn. William P. was born in Tennessee and was for the most part brought up on a farm. He, however, received a fair education in the common schools, but was obliged early in life, on account of the death of his parents, to make his own way in the world. When fifteen years old he commenced as a clerk in a grocery in Tennessee, remaining thus engaged four years. Being a bright boy and quick, obliging and an accurate observer, he made considerable progress in learning the practical part of the business. He then removed to Paducah, Ky., remained one and one-half j^ears, and then went to Williamson County, 111., where he was engaged in farming three years. Here he was m.arried, November 29, 1874, to Martha Hill, a native of Williamson County. After her death he married, in 1888, Jlinta Smith, a native of Ten- nessee, whose parents removed from that State to Williamson County and continued in their prev- ious occupation, that of farming and raising stock. Mr. Smith was quite largely engaged in buying and selling cattle, horses and mules, and was a verj' successful trader in that line. Mr. Carter removed to Vienna, Johnson County, in January, 1890, Dought an interest in a livers- business, and remained there two years, when he removed to Metropolis, having in the meantime in Vienna built up a good business and erected a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 495 substantial brick livery, wliicli he traded for a farm. This farm upon his removal to Metropolis he sold to Dr. McC'all. In .Metroiwlis he bought a lot ad- vantageously situated for Ins business and erected the barn which he now occupies with T. A. Bivins as partner. This lirm owns good stock and is re- ceiving its share of tiie trade of the city and vicin- ity. By his first wife Mr. Carter had seven cliiidren, viz: Lydia, Tliomas, Herbert, Myron, Ernest, Nan- nie and Mamie, all of whom are at liorae. By his second wife lie has one child, Willie, at home. Po- litically, Mr. Carter is a Democrat, and he is also an Odd Fellow. Me is one of the self-made men of southern Illinois. What he has accumulated has been without :»ssistance and by his own indus- trv and good management. <^ ^^ IL^OX. FRANCIS M. M( GEE, a merchant and ifjj, farmer of New Burnside, Johnson County, JW^ was born in Graves Count}', Ky., August 6, (^) 1833, and was brought to Illinois by his parents in 1835. His father, Benjamin F. McGee, who at that time brought his large family to Illi- nois, was a native of Sumner Count}', Tenn., in which county he was reared and married. His father was James JIcGee, of the .southern part of Scotland. His wife was of Irish ancestry. They came to America at a very early day, and located at or near Charleston, S. C, but finally settled in Tennessee, where he died on his farm at the age of about ninety 3'cars. He was a planter and slave- holder, and reared a large family of children. Benjamin F. McGee was married in Tennessee to Nancy Armstrong, a native of that State, whose mother bore the maiden name of Aker. Taking his family from Tennessee to Graves County, K}'., he resided tliere for a number of years, and came thence to Johnson County, 111., by ox-teams. The point they first selected is now in Pulaski County. The father and brothers of our subject first pros- pected in Sangamon County, but finding it too malarial in its climate, decided on locating in John- 27 I son County, then the most improved count}- of southern Illinois. Benjamin F. McGee entered one hundred and sixty acres of laud, and though he had but little cash capital and but a small amount of stock, horses, cattle, etc., yet he managed to make a success of his farming and accumulated quite a neat property. He settled in the heavy timber, and built a small log cabin without using nails, as there were none in the country at that time. At that time the Indians had mostly left, but wild animals were still plentiful. Though Francis M. was tiien but a small boy, yet he well remembers some striking incidents, such as the crossing of the Ohio River and other events. His father cleared up a farm where he first settled, but some years later he sold that farm and bought another piece of wild land about five miles distant. Here he cleared up another farm, and it was upon this that he died of cholera, about 1850, when he was nearly eighty years of age. His wifesurvived him for four or five years, and died when she was more than seventy. While they were not well educated, yet they were well informed, and Ben- jamin McGee served as Justice of the Peace for several years, and also filled the position of County Commissioner. He drew up the petition to make Pulaski a separate county. Hon. Francis M. McGee was one of thirteen chil- dren, of whom one daughter, Polly, was drowned at the age of eight years, the rest arriving at the age of maturity. He was the tentli child and sev- enth son, there being eight sons and fivedaiightei-s. He was well educated in the subscription schools of the days of his youth, and at the age of twenty- three he was attending school in Ceuterville, Iowa. He worked hard on the farm when a young man and up to the age of twenty-one, and he well re- members the hardshii)s of pioneer life. He was a llalboalman on Mie Ohio, Mississippi, Arkans.asand Red Rivers for some years, and in this way made some money, with which lie got his first start in life financially, but the hard and incessant toil .and exposure were very severe on his health and con- stituticm. He was married October 1, 1857, wlien twenty-four years of age, to lilizabeth Peterson, daughter of Joshua and Nancy (S[)ence) Peterson, who were early settlers in Johnson County. Her 496 I'oirrilAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. fatlier died in this t'ounty in 1851, in tlic primeof life. His son, Dr. O. G. Peterson, went into the Union army as a driimmor boy, wiieii fourteen years old. He is now a prominent citizen of Springtown, Tex., an able i)h3'sician, and Com- tnander-in-C'hicf of the Grand Army of the Re- public of Texas. The venerable mother of Mrs. McGee is still living in Vienna, at her daughter's a portion of the time. Our subject h.as had a very varied experience in life, having been a school teacher, (latboatmau, farmer, merchant and legislator. He was also a peddler for a Dutch Jew on the river at $7 per month. His first farm was in Pulaski County, and contained one hundred and sixty acres. This he bougiit in tlie '5(ls for $1,100. Though he was not a soldier in the army, yet he was active in as- sisting to send troops to the front, and his family was well represented in the army, there being in all sixteen of liis near relatives who wore the Union blue. Among these were his three brothers, Will- iam McGee and two sons, Lieut. I'atrick Henry McGee, two sons of his brother Hugh McGee; his brother-in-law, Capt. J. F. McCartnej'; and his brother, Christopher Columbus McGee, a lieuten- ant; also his wife's three brothers: W. W., T. G. and Owen Peterson; and what is a very remark- able circumstance, there was not a casualty of any kind occurred among all the sixteen persons — not a wound, nor a capture, nor a death. Tlie first mercantile venture of Mr. McGee was at Caledonia, Pulaski County, in the year 1855, but it lasted for one year only. In the spring of 1865 he sold his farm in Pulaski County for |!1,500, and established himself in trade in Keynoldsburgh. While there he was elected to the Legislature from the Fifty-first District, and served for two years. He began business in New Burnside in the year 1875, and has con- tinued there ever since. He and his wife buried two daughters and one son in infancy, and they have two sons and two daughters living: William J., single, and a merchant at Helmont, 111.; Ardana, wife of W. H. Littell, of the medical college at Cincinnati, Ohio; P^lla, now in the Conservatory of Music at Cincinnati. Ohio; and IJenjaniiii F. William .1. McGee, the eldest son, spent some time in the Southern Illinois Normal University at Car- bondale; Ardana went to Mclvendree College at Lebanon, 111.; Kllaspent some time at the Danville, at the Jacksonville, and at the Monticello musical colleges, and has made great progress, both in the science and art of music. She is, besides, a very accomplished young lady. The youngest of the family', ]5enjamin, is thirteen years of age, and is living at iiome and attending school. Mr. McGee and his family live in a very pleasant home on the hill overlooking the little villageof New Burnside, which is nestled in the valley and on the bluffs- The farm cottage, which the family occupies, is on a forty-acre farm, and is most delightfully em- bowered among a variety of ornamental shade trees, and near by is a very pleasant little forest. No one could be more pleasantly situated in his declining days than is Mr. McGee. ylLLIAM L. WILLIAMS was born in Tenn- essee August 28, 1848. He is a son of Levi and Nellie (Howard) AVilliams, both of whom were natives of South Carolina. Levi Williams was a wheelwright and followed his trade until 1861, when his health failed. In 1863 he moved to Illinois and rented land in Pope County, where he remained until 1870, when he removed to Johnson County, and died therein 1876. Will- iam L. Williams remained at home until he was twenty-two years old, when he rented land in Pope County, and continued thus engaged for two years. In 1870 he removed to Johnson County and lo- cated at Lincoln Green, where he engaged in the mercantile business in a log house. He was pro- prietor of a general store from 1871 to 1883, and also served as Postmaster, having been appointed in 1880. In 1883 he moved his stock of goods to Belknap, and is now the leading merchant in this latter village, where he carries on a general store. In addition to merchandising, Mr. Williams owns a Houring mill fitted up with the roller process. He is one of the enterprising and wide- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RliVlEW. 497 awake citizens of IJelknap, and is the present Post- master at lliis place, having been appointed Aug- ust 27, 1890. He lias served as County Commis- sioner for four \"cars, and in every position of trust has proved tliat the confidence of his fellow- citizens was not misplaced. November 3, 1870, he married Clara B. Compton, who died October 3, 1882. He was next marrie-^^- HFAIKW. rented land, and then made a permanent home fourteen miles from Golconda, in Pope County, buying forty acres of land, upon wliich there had been made a little improvement. He then com- menced pioneer life in earnest, cleared land, worked hard, and slept well. He was very industrious, made many sacrifices, and was devoted to his family. There were then no schools nor churches within miles, but these hardy pioneers lived, thrived and made liomes for tlicir families and their descendants. David A. Flo^'d was born in liedford County, Tenn.. and spent his youth upon the farm in sum- mers and in school in winters, and thus acquired some little learning and knowledge of farm manage- ment. When he vvas twent\' years old, in 1832, he was married to Sarah M. King, of Pope County, and began life for iiiinself on a forty-acre tract of Government land, adjoining his father's place. There were no buildings on this land until he erected a log cabin, into which he moved and went to work with a will to clear his land and make a farm. His disadvantages were many, and among them was the necessity of having to go twenty-five miles to mill on the Saline Ris^er. Later one-horse gristmills came into use, but their work was ne- cessarily slow and each one, except those who were fortunate enough to be on hand very early in the morning, had to wait a long time for his turn to come. Upon this farm thus selected and improved he lived about ten j-ears and then sold out, and Mrs. Floyd having fallen heir to ninety-two acres on section 13, township 13, range 6, the family moved to that place. Here they made valuable improvements and resided aljout fifteen 3-ears. He then bought land on section 18, moved onto this purchase and lived until his death, in 1863, at the age of fifty years. Mrs. Floyd died in 1858. David A. Floyd and his wife were the parents of eight children, viz: .lames K.; Jonathan, deceased; Mary E., wife of James Hobbs, of Gilroy, Santa Clara County, Cal.; William S., deceased; Margaret, wife of Hiram Wallace, a farmer of Pope County; Sarah M., wife of Charles Brown, a farmer of Pope County; Priscilla, wife of David Trice, of Webster, Rooks County, Kan.; and one that died in infancy. James K., the eldest of the family, was born on \ the old home farm in the northern part of Pope County, January 19, 1H33, and was brought upon the farm, on wliich he had to work all through his j'Oiith, although he secured a fair education in the common schools. He was a bright boy and readily learned what he undertook to master. He lived at home assisting in the work of the farm until he was twenty -one years old, when he started out in life for himself by clerking in a store for twelve mouths. He thus added to a business education a knowledge of the practical workings of an actual business, and then went to Oakland, Coles Count}', where he re- mained during the spring, summer and fall and where he learned the trade of house and sign paint- ing. He then hired out on a fiatboat, floating pro- duce down the Mississippi River to Vicksburg. He had full charge of the fiatboat, and cooked and lived by himself all the way down to his destination. After having had suflficient experience of that kind he returned home, and soon afterward went to Golconda, and there engaged at his trade, that of a house painter. He continued thus engaged for two years, when he married Sarah Hodge, who lived but twelve months, dying in 1859. Our subject was then married to Sarah J. Story, also of Pope County, whose mother is dead, though her father is still living. After his first marriage he moved to the farm where he has lived ever since. He has eighty acres of land, out of which he has made a very fine farm, and is now recognized everywhere as one of the best and most successful farmers in this part of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Floyd have had eight children, viz: Alonzo II., living on the home place, but farming for himself; Rosa E., wife of AVilliam Carr, a general merchant at Raum, Pope County; Eugene, deceased; Fred- erick, a farmer in Pope County; Katie, at home; one that died in infancy; and lU-rtha and Loren, at home. Mr. Floyd is not only a progressive fanner and successful in his business, but is also well and fav- orably known throughout the county for his gen- eral good qualities as a citizen, and as a conse- quence of the high estimation placed upon his character and ability his numerous friends pro- vailed upon to become a candidate for Sheriff of the county, and he was triumphantl}' elected. He « PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 501 filled the ollice not only with credit to liimself, but also with satisfaction to the people. He has always been interested in educational matters and has done what he could to aid in having good schools in the county. He has been a School Di- rector for twenty years, and takes great interest in all matters pertaining to agriculture, such as the improvement of stock, the best methods of con- ducting the business of farming, etc. At the pres- ent time he is President of the County Agricul- tural Societv, and while he is capable of filling any office within the gift of tlie peojjle of the count\-, yet he prefers to remain free from political life and strife, and to attend to his own ])rivate affairs. He has a good farm, a linpi)y home. and enjoys the respect of the community in wiiich he lives, and is a Repulilican in politics. OHX W. HEHiEMAN, general merchant of Metropolis, Massac Count\', is a son of Will- iam Heidenian, who was born in West- phalia, Prussia, and was by trade a house carpenter. He followed his trade in his native country until his death, which occuried in 1854, when he was sixty-four years old. He was mar- ried in Germany and was survived by his widow about six years. To their marriage there were bfirn seven children, five girls and two boys, of whom John AV. was the fourth child, and was born in Prussia .luly 20, 1832. While yet young he learned the trade of a miller, and also secured a good German education, attending school there eight years. He had determined to come to the United States and had his preparations for the voyage in part made, when he was compelled to enter the army, much against his will. He served in the Prussian army for three years and became thoroughly conversant with array tactics. As soon as possible after being released from further army service lie came to t'.iis country. He started on Mondav after lieing discharged on Tliuisday, having been married to Caroline Arnesman on Sunday, between the two days of discharge and sailing. The newly married couple took passage on a sailing-vessel and were eleven weeks and fourdaj-s on the ocean. They finally landed at New Orleans, landing notonly withoutcapital, but Mr. Heideman was in debt to his father-in-law to the amount of $30. He lost no time in finding work, arriving at four o'clock in the afternoon and being at work next da3' carrying salt sacks on board of a steam- boat. He next secured work on a steamboat bound for Cincinnati and worked his passage to Cairo, where lie remained .seven days, and then moved u|) Ihc river to Metropolis. He arrived at this point in December, 1856, with $7 in money, and immediately began choi)ping firewood, and not long afterward hired out to work on a farm, on which he worked thirteen months and twenty da3'S for 886 in gold. He was then able to p.a^- back to his father-in-law the |!30 he had borrowed to bring him across the sea. He, however, worked too hard, and the hard work and exposure to which he was subjected made him sick, and he thought a change of location would improve his health. He therefore went to St. Louis, and as soon as pos- sible engaged in work there, where he remained until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion. As he had a thorough knowledge of army tjictics and discipline, his services were in great demand in drilling troops, and all he needed to do was to learn the English language so far as to be able to pronounce the words of command. He enlisted May 11, 1861, in Company D, Fifth Missouri In- fantry, and was at first Sergeant of his company, subsequently being promoted to the Second Lieu- tenancy. He was in the service about two years, and was soon the best posted man in his regiment on army affairs, and was of much assistance to the officers. In point of fact, he performed a great deal of work for which the officers of the regiment recctvetl the p.ay. His characteristic industry and economical habits followed him into the army and he saved his money. Returning to Ma.ssac County our subject bought .some land, paying *800 for eighty acres with but little improvement. He inovod into a small low 502 I'OUTlJAir AM) lilOCUAlMIICAL KKXIKW. cabin and commenced to clear liis f'aiin, out of which he soon made a prcttv fair kiml of a farm, adding to it tliirty acres. In tlncc^ years he sold it for |i2,100 and tlicn moved into Metropolis and started a hoardiny:-li<)use and saloon. He afterward sold out for >!l,.'>7.'i and bought a good eighty-acre fann for ^.'i,(l(l(i, remaining upon that farm llirec years, lleiiig popular and a man of good sense and sound judgment, the people elected him County Commissioner. In 1883, he was chosen Door-keeper in .Springfleid, and after- ward he was appointed to a position at the Chester I'enitenti.ary, where he remained seven years, eight months and fourteen days. He then returned to Metropolis, bought property, built houses and a store, improved his property generally, and has since been in Metropolis in business, in which he has been successful. JNIr. and Mrs. lleideman have had seven children: Henry; George; Henry and Amelia, deceased; one th.at died in infancy; and Willie and Walter, deceased. Politically Mr. Heide- inan is a Republican, and he is an Odd Fellow and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Religiously he is a member of the Lutheran Ciuirch, and he and his wife are botii u,seful and honored meml)ers of society. \f7 UCAS TARKKR, editor and proprietor of II ({^ ^''*^ Egyptian Democrat, one of the most Jj L^^ popular and best conducted newspapers published in southern Illinois, is a young man of much ability', who has already won an assured place in his profession. He is a native and resident of Johnson County, and was born on a farm six miles from Vienna March 2, 1867, the second son living of tlie Hon. I. A. J. and Jennie Parker, of whom a sketch appears on another page of this volume. Our subject received his education in the public schools of the county and assisted liis father on the farm until he attained his inajoritj-. He then abandoned agricultur.al pursuits for the editorial profession, buying the oflice and good-will of the Egyptian Democrat, and he has devoted himself to the management of the paper and to general job work ever since. The Ei/i/ptiau has a well-sustained reputation as a well-edited journal, is issued in good form. Is sound in principles, and wiiile an organ of tlie Democratic party, disseminating its policy with vigor and intelligence, is devoted to the best interest of the county. Mr. Parker was married in 1888 to Miss Delia, daughter of J. H. .ind Jennie Clymer, a native of this county, born eight miles southeast of Vienna. ThejMiave an attractive home and their little sons Leo and Donald complete tiieir household. =^^"'^^ ^~ ^ ' §' \Ji EMIAH CASPER was born in North Caro- lina, June 14, 1834, and lives in Cache Township, Johnson Connty. He is a son of Adam and Catherine (Cauble) Casper, the former of whom was born in Penns3'lvania and the latter in North Carolina. Henry Casper, father of Adam Casper, was also a native of Penn- sylvania. Adam Casper removed to North Caro- lina at an early day, and there followed farming and stock-raising in Rowan County for a number of years. In 1850 he came to Illinois and bought one hundred and sixty acres of land in Cache Township, Johnson County, where he followed farming until his death in 1878. Jemiah Casper remained at home until he was twenty-five years of age, when he cleared a piece of land for his fa- ther and had the use of the land he cleared seven years in compensation therefor. At tiie age of thirty-two our subject purchased land in Cache Township and lived there about nine j-ears, after which he then bought where he now resides, on section 2, and since his first purchase he has added from time to time, until at the present time he has five hundred and seventy' acres, all in Cache Town- ship. Here he follows farming and stock-raising. The education he obtained in his youth was very limited, but by reading and stud^' since he has ac- quired a valuable fund of practical information. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 503 lie was married February 14, ISfiO, to Margaret Peeler, wlio died Februar}' 14, 18G2, and ou June I, 1865, lie was married to Elizabeth J. Souris, who was born in Union County, III., October 4, 1844. Her father was from North Carolina, and her mother from Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Casper have nine children living, namely: Jessie, Jacob, P>elander, Calvin, Delia, Elizabeth, Pearly, Ed- ward and Lulu. Jlr. and Mrs. Casper are mem- bers of the Baptist Church, and he is a Democrat. ^l-^-«^li^^i y;.\LTER BROS, are dealers in general mer- chandise in the village of AValtersburgh, ^ „ Pope County, and have conducted a gen- eral store here since 1878. They are both enter- prising business men, Henry AValter being the senior and Adolph the junior member of the Arm. They have a large and remunerative trade in the town and surrounding country-, and aim to keep a well-selected and reliable stock of goods alwa^-s on hand. They are genial and popular, and are courteous to their customers, who feel that the firm is personalU' interested in dealing in an hon- orable and square manner with each and all. Henry Waller was born in Aurich, Hanover, Germany, February 13, 1844, and when only ten years of age emigrated with his father and the other members of the familj' to America, landing in Pope County in the spring of 1854. The par- ents, Henry and Alma (Renkin) Walter, were also both natives of Germany, the former following the trade of a shoemaker. He was in the German anny for six yeai's, three years in the common array and for the same length of time served .as one of the King's select soldiers. This is esteemed a great honor in Germany, as only the best sol- diers, both as regards military- t-ictics and physical strength, are chosen. Mr. Walter only lived a short time after removing to America, his death occurring in September, 1854, or only about six months after his arrival in Illinois. He left a wife and three children strangers in a strange land, and for some j-ears tluir lot was not an en- viable one, the boys having to work at whatever they could find to do to support the familj-. Many a day our subject worked for the sum of ten cents, and for a long time hired out at ^2 per month. The mother departed this life Deeeniber 19, 1886, at the home pl.ace. Our subject purchased at the age of twentj-three ytfars a tract of land in Pope Count}-, consisting of eighty acres, the same being still in his possession. Here he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits and stock-raising, and has since from time to time, .is his finances would per- mit, added additional land to the original pur- ch.ase, now owning three hundred and twenty-six acres, all in this count}-. His farm is located on section 17, township 13, range 6, it being devoted to the raising of corn, wheat, oats and general farm produce, and affording pasturage to a large number of horses and cattle. Mr. Walter was married February 21, 1867, to Louisa Blatter, who was born in Pope County in January, 1846. and whose death occurred Fcbru- ar}- 6, 1878; she was the mother of three children: Julia M., John H. and Aurilla S. Mr. Walter was united in marriage December 4, 1878, to Marj- Werner, who was born in Hanover, Germany, in J.auuarjs 1843. To them have been born four children, the only one surviving being Charles Lewis. Our subject is a member of Bayard Lodge No. 1,864, K. of IL, at Golconda, and is also an active worker in the German Methodist Episco- pal Church and Sunday-school. In 1877 he was elected Township Treasurer, which position he still holds, and in 1880 was elected County Com- missioner, serving in that capacity for three yeai-s. Politically, he always voted the Rei)ubliean ticket. Adoli)h W.^ Walter, a member of the firm above named, was also born in Aurich, Germany, March 2, 1851, and when only three j-ears of age crossed the broad Atlantic with his parents to America. He attended the county school, and for about four summers pursued his studies at Hodgeville select school. When only twent_v-one he engaged in teaching, his first three terms being taught in the home district No. 4, and the succeeding two terms in the adjoining district. The lirsl institution of 504 I'ORTRArr AND 15I< )( ;KA1M1I C'AL HKVIKW. learning it was his privilege to attend was the typical log pioneer sclioolhoiise, with its split logs set on wooden pins for benclies, during tlio win- ter season the building being heated by a lire- place. In 1878 Mr. Walter engaged in tiie mer- cantile business witii liis elder brotiier, and is the manager and conductor of the general store at Wallersburgli. In 1878 he secured tlie establish- ment of a postotlice at this point and was made Postmaster, a position he has held up to the pres- ent day. In his youth he i)assed many a day in working hard, receiving for his only compensa- tion the sum of ten cents. It is to liis own good and industrious management that he has acqun-ed his present secure competence and prosperous business. September 13, 1877, Adolpli W. Walter was mar- ried to Miss Elizabetli Wagner, who was born in Butler County, Pa., February 28, 1858, and who was called to her final rest November 2, 1890, leaving six children to mourn her loss. The_y are as follows: Mollie A., Philip II., Ellen C, Sophia E., Adolplius W. and Mamie C. Mr. Walter is a member of Kayard I^odge No. 1,861, K. of II., and votes the Republican ticket. SAAC M. CHOAT, a young, able and enterpris- ing business man and prosperous agriculturist of Massac County, III., now residing in town- ship 15, range 4, near the thriving city of Metrop- olis, is one of the most genial and popular citizens in his part of the State. His father, Levi Choal, was in pioneer days a farmer in Lane County, III., and was born of poor but respectable p.areiitage and enjoyed few educational advantages. In tlie early days of 184.3 he made his home in Massac County, and there became the owner of forty acres of timber land, where he built a log house and, indus- triously winning his upward way, soon added forty more acres to the original amount of land. He w.as married in early life in Jefferson County, 111., to Miss Marv Yallard, a native of Tennessee and a most estimable woman, a devoted wife and lov- ing mother, who passed away March 4, 1874. She bore her husband nine children. Jane, the eldest born, is dead; Thomas Franklin Is also deceased; John P. resides upon the farm, and is part owner in company with our subject; Squire and Joseph are deceased; Alary Margaret is the wife of O. li. Tallcy, now in Missouri; Amanda is with her brothers on the homestead; Sabcrt is also located upon the farm. Isaac, the youngest of the family, is a native of this county, and was born on the 1st of January, 1800. John P., the elder brother and business partner of Isaac, was the third child of the family, and was born in .Saline County, III., January 4, 1840. The brothers were brought up on a farm and from their earliest childhood were trained to assist in agricultural duties, enjoying but little leisure time and having few, if an}% hours of recreation. During the winter months they at- tended the primitive school of the district and care- fully treasured all the book knowledge they thus gleaned. After the death of the beloved mother the family remained mostly together, sharing each other's joys and sorrows, and although lonely, found much pleasure in their mutual companion- ship until the father married his second wife, when the children left home. After a time the brothers secured the farm where the unmarried sons and daughter now live together in harmony, iindistnrbed by strife or discord. When the Civil AVar threatened the dissolution of our national existence, John P. Choat, then in the dawn and pride of early manhood, was filled with eager enthusiasm, and patriotically enlisted in the service of the Government in 18(i3, joining the ranks of the Thirteenth Regiment Illinois In- fantry. After three months of active dutj' he was discharged from the service, not then being strong enough to pass the required examination. Our subject is a practical farmer of extended exper- ience .and excellent judgment, and under the pru- dent management of the brothers the farm blos- soms each recurring season with a bounteous harvest, yielding rich returns for the time and labor expended in the fertile acres. Lhiited in business methods and ideas, the brothers, John P. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHIUAL REVIEW. 505 and Isaac M., are also agreed in political allilia- tions, both being ardent advocates of the Rc|)ubli- can party, and deeply interested in local and na- tional issues. Neither our subject nor his brother are politicians in any sense of the word, but are progressive and liberal-spirited citizens, anxious for the preservation of the public welfare and de- siring thai the offices of trust shall be given only to those adapted to fullill tlie requirements of the positions. Isaac M. Choat, growing up among the associa- tions of his early youth, and a man of intelligence and ability-, has been identified with the local im- provements and various enterprises of his home neighborhood for many j'ears and is widely known and highlj- respected by a host of friends. The father survived until .July 13, 1889, when he passed away, regretted by all who knew him. He was an honest man, of indomitable will and cour- age, .ind received the esteem of the community among whom his bus}- life was passed. Mr. Choat, inheriting from his parents habits of industrious thrift and sterling integrity of character, is on the upward [>ath to assured [irosperily, and, steadily pursuing his daily round of duty, a kind friend, excellent neighbor and honored citizen, enj03-s the heart}- good wishes and entire confidence of the general public. >f_^^ENRY RAMPKNDAIJL, Sr., proprietor of iTjl' the stave factor}- at Metropolis, Massac /^^ Count}', is a son of Henry Rainpendahl, (^; who was born in Prussia, where he followed farming for a livelihood. He formed habits of industry and economy early in life, had a good education and was successful in his calling. He lived in the city and had a farm in the suburbs, as is now customary in that country among the best class of agriculturists. He was there married to Anna Flanchmarii, who died some years later, and he afterward married her sister, who is now also dead. IJv his first marriage he had five chil- dren, viz: Henry, who died in infancy; Henry, the subject of this sketch; Emma, Mary and Chris- tina, all three dead. Hy the second marriage he had the following children: William, deceased; Anna, wife of Fritz Ilaultchamp, a farmer of Massac County; Jlary, who is married and liv- ing in Germany; and Christina, who died in the Old Country. Henry was the second child by the fli-st mar- riage, and was born ]Marcli 16, 1834, in Germany. His youth, up to his nineteenth year, was spent mainly on the farm and iu school. He thus re- ceived a good German education, but being ambi- tious and desiring a wider and better field for the exercise of his powers than that furnished by the Old Country, he sailed for the United States on the vessel "Yalafaiit." The voyage proved a stormy one and many a time he wished himself back in Germany. The masts of the vessel were torn away by the storms, and the passengers were reduced to one half-pint of water per d.iy for each person and provisions in the same proportion. Being unable to keep on their course, the ship drifted to Lisbon, Portugal. They then took a fresh start, but on account of the cholera were held in quarantine for several weeks, and at length, after a voyage of sixteen weeks, landed at New Orleans in January, 1854. Not having much money, he went to work for S^IO per month on a farm in Ohio and thus continued to labor for about two years. He then returned to Germany, with favorable im- pressions of the New Country, and concluded to make this country his permanent home. But the king of Prussia thought he needed all such able- bodied young men in his army, and young Rain- pendahl had to serve three years before he could get away. At the end of these three yeai-s our subject came again to this country, this time by steamship, the voyage taking three weeks. He landed in New- York, and being of good education and pleasant address he soon found a position as manager of a German orphan asylum at Cincinnati, Ohio, be- ing thus engaged six weeks as sole manager, and remaining there iu all three years, performing his duties to the satisfaction of all concerned. He was then married to Louisa Mettendorf, who, like 506 PORTRAIT AND lUOGRAl'IlICAL REVIEW. himself, was from Germany, her parents, who brought her to this country, iiaving since died. After llieir marriage our subject and his wife l^^^^ J. He was born in 1828, and reared on a farm with but limited education. He removed to Gallatin County, 111., in 1835, and settling on a farm remained there until his death. He was mar- ried ill 1818 to Margaret Brown, a native of Ken- 512 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. tucky, by whom he had seven children, George \V., the subject of this skeleh, being the only sur- viving child. George W. Patrick was born in (jallatin County February 23, 18G1, and was reared on his father's farm, attending tiie common schools of tiie county until 1875. He then went to work on the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, remaining thus engaged onl}' a short lime, howevei', when he began at- tending .school, and attended at Springertown, Enfield and Elizabelhtown. After being in school until 1879, he began teaching school, and while thus engaged he studied law, and was admitted to the Bar in 1892. He immediatsly began the prac- tice of law, is still thus engaged, and is meet- ing with a fair degree of success. Mr. Patrick was married June 14. 1884, to Sidney J., a daughter of John and Mary Thornton, of Hardin County. 111. To this marriage there have been born four chil- dren, namel}': Adda, Fannie, Frankie and Gladys. Mr. Patrick owns a fine little farm of forty acres on section 6, township 12, range 9. He is an ac- tive member of the Democratic part\-, and is a member of Lodge No. 276, A. F. iV A. M., and of Lodge No. 54, I. O. (). F. ^ ^^ . ,>, ,,. :^! ^ (^^)i^ .*. .-.^ ■#> ^^EORGE W. SHUFFLEBARGER. Among II __^ the prosperous and leading farmers of Vopa '^=Jj^ County stands the gentleman whose name Jounty stands the gentleman wliose heads this sketch, and who has spent his entire life in this immediate neighborhood. He is a man of upright character and merits the high re- gard in which he is held by those he has known since bo3'hood. As a farmer he is enterprising and industrious, carrying on his farm of one hun- dred and two acres, situated on sections H! and 17, township 12, range fi, in a thrifty and thor- oughly creditable manner. Our subject's father, Abraham ShulHebarger, was a native of the Old Dominion, and during his entire lifetime follovved agricultural pursuits. When only a boy he came with his parents to Illinois, where he grew to man's estate and then married Miss Parmelia Whiteside, a native of this county. By her he had a family of nine children, of whom three are now living. The father was called from this life in 18()2, leaving to his children as their heritage a good name, as he was a man whose life was ".is an open book." Our subject was left an orphan at a tender age, and, as he was born August 17, 1855, was only seven years of age at the time of his father's death. He went to live with an uiicic in .Johnson County, 111., remaining with him until reaching his majority, and attending the common schools of the vicinity. He was an apt pupil, quick to learn, and possessed of a retentive memory, and after passing an examination creditably, received a certificate to teach. AVhen first embarking in the actual business of life for himself he rented land in Johnson County for two years, and then returning to this, the pl.ace of his birth, rented a farm for a year. He was frugal, careful and in- dustrious, and by means of these qualities was enabled at the end of that time to purchase a good farm, the one on which he now resides. He has shown himself to be an enterprising agricul- turist, who, in accord with the spirit of the times, is ready and anxious to introduce all modern machinery and appliances for the saving of labor and the better carrying on of farm work. January 19, 1879, Mr. Shufflebarger was mar- ried to Miss Marian Nicholson, also a native of this county, her birth having occurred Novem- ber 30, 1858. Her mother was born in Germany, and emigrated with her parents to the United States at an early da^'. Her father, however, was born in Tennessee and was one of the honored pioneers of Pope County. The union of our subject and wife has been blessed with seven chil- dren, who are still living. The parents are mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, near the old homestead, the same one our subject has attended from boyhood. He has served his fel- low-citizens and neighbors in a number of posi- tions of trust and honor, having been School Director for six years, and for four years having made an excellent Road Supervisor. He is al- ways interested and active in all measures insti- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 513 tilted for the betterment and advancement of this region. He casts his vote with the Republican parly and is a man wiiose word is as good as his l)ond, he liaving won a high reputation for strict integrity and upright principle. Jl'OHN F. D.WJI), an energetic and prosper- ous general agriculturist and successful stock-raiser, residing upon section 10,town- sliip 15, range 3, .loppa, Massac County, 111., has been intimatcl3' associated with the grow- ing interests of this part of the State from early childhood, and, a citizen of sterling integrit}- of charactei, worthih' commands the esteem of the entire community b}- whom he is surrounded. Our subject is the sou of Frederick William David, a native of Westphalia, Prussia, who, having spent his earl}- youth in his native hand, was there mar- ried to Miss Elizabeth Rudderaeyer, with whom he shortly afterward emigrated to the United States. The 3'oung husband and wife voyaged to America upon a sailing-vessel, and experienced terrible storms, contrary winds and calms, and after being tossed about on the broad Atlantic for tliirteen weeks, finally landed in safety at Baltimore, where they remained one j-ear and a-half. They arrived pr.actically destitute of money in their new home, but without loss of time Frederick David sought employment, and having obtained work, labored unremittingly for eighteen months, when he de- termined to try his fortunes in Ohio. The next residence of the family was in Cincin- nati, where Father David found read}- emplo^-ment in a cooper's shop, and also worked in a brick- yard, and was variously engaged for seven j-cars. An energetic, industrious and ambitious man, thoroughly appreciating the advantages offered each law-abiding citizen of the United States, he prudently gathered a small c:ipital, and in 1855 journeyed to JIassac County. III., and buying land, located permanently in Benton Precinct. The honu'stead was only slightly im[)roved. liaving an old log cabin and dilapidated b.arn, but in a compar- atively brief time hard work and energetic thrift wrought a wondrous change. Year by year the hitherto unbroken prairie yielded to a high state of cultivation, and for many a changing season the farm has blossomed with a bounteous harvest. Frederick William David and his good wife, for nearly thirty-eight years constant and honored residents of the David homestead, still live upon the old place, which sheltered a family of five children, of whom our subject was the fourth in order of birth. Christine, the eldest, is now dead; Minnie lives with her parents; the third child is also deceased; John F. is our subject; and Henry E. 3-et remains with his parents. John F. David w.is born June 6, 1854, in Cin- cinnati,, and was but a babe when his parents made their home in Massac County. Brought up on a farm, he was thoroughly trained in the duties of agriculture, and also enjoyed the advantages of a good common-school education in the free schools of his home district. His father, who was an ex- cellent scholar, instructed him in (4erman and as- sisted him in his various studies. Our subject re- mained with his parents until thirty-one years of age, when he bought one hundred and twent\- acres of land and began life for himself, at first boarding near by and working early and late to improve the farm and prepare it for future oc- cupancy. Upon February 9, 1888, Mr. David was married to Miss Annie llille, an attractive and cultured young lady, whose parents are residents of M.assae County, Benton Precinct, where Father llille has engaged I'n agriculture for twenty-eight years. After their marriage, our subject and his estimable wife at once made their home upon the farm, which Mr. David devotes mostly to the rais- ing of grain. He is, however, a successful stock- raiser, handling good grades of hoi-ses and cattle, and is thoroughly at home in each detail of agri- cultural pui-suits. The valuable farm is finely improved with a sub- stantial and commodious residence and a good barn and outbuildings, and is one of the best in this part of Mass.ac County, its thrifty appearance de- noting the excellent management of the owner of the acres. The home of .Air. and :Mrs. David has 514 I'oinix'Ai r AM) r.iocuAriiicAi. ui'aikw. been blessed liy tlu' hiith nf two Ijiijjlil and in- telligent childien: Henjaniiii Frederick .loiiu :ind Alme Elizabeth Mary. Politically our .subject is a Republican, and a strong advocate of the prin- ciples and platform of the i)arty. In religious conviction he atliliates with tiie Lutheran Evan- gelical Ciiurch, and both he and his good wife are active in the promotion of benevolent work, and ever ready to lend a helping hand in behalf of the suffering and unfortunate. An excellent business man, Mr. David is also a public-spirited citizen, and a prominent factor in tiie various local enter- prises and improvements of his home neighbor- hood, where he and his wife occupy a high social position, and enjoy the confidence of a large cir- cle of old-titne friends. -^ -^^^>^^aird at first accepted any work he could find, laboriously chopping wood and engaging in various employments. He soon secured forty acres near by, and meantime cng.aged at fair wages in farming duties, and being a prudent man and good manager, saved his money and later entered one hundred and sixty acres of wild timber-land, upon wliicii he l)uill a cabin, and with iiis good wife entered into the self-sacrificing experiences of the early pioneers of civilization. At that time churches and schoolhouses of even the most primitive descrijjtion were few and far between, and the only mills in the State were run by horse power. Clearing the land, cultivating the soil and improving the homestead with sub- stantial buildings, James Laird passed his useful life and remained upon his farm until his death, in l.S7(i. He was eminently a self-made man, of strong character and earnest purpose, and with but the most limited opportunities for an educa- tion, improved himself bj' close observation and commanded the esteem of all his neighbors. His devoted wife survived him ten years, passing away in 1886. The thirteen children born in the old Laird homestead were: John, who died young; Henry, who lived to be sixty-three; Mary, de- ceased; James, a Massac County farmer; Hiram and Eliza, deceased; William, a prosperous agri- culturist of the county; Franklin, also a tiller of the soil in Massac County; George W., our sub- ject; Sarah and Perry, deceased; Isaac, a farmer of Johnson County; and Susan, the youngest, wlio died when three years old. Our subject, the ninth cliihl, was born in Massac County December 11, 1835, and, reared to assist in the hard work of the farm, enjoyed little schooling, but well im- proved the brief time he spent in the log house, where the scholars sat upon the primitive slab seats, supported with large wooden pins for legs. Arriving at twenty-one years of age, Mv. Laird left the home of liis parents and began life for himself and about this period married Miss Amanda J. Lemons, a Kentucky lad^', who died some quarter of a century since. AVedding a sec- ond time, our subject was then united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Parker, of Tennessee, who passed away in the spring of 1883. Again marrying, our subject took unto himself as wife Mrs. Eliza- beth M. AVood, also of Tennessee. By his first un- ion Mr. Laird became the father of three children: James, Nancy and Susan, now all deceased. The seven sons and daughters of the second marriage were: William and Mary, deceased; Ida, the wife of Thomas Baughn; Georgic A., of Paducah, Kj.; PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 515 Benjamin Franklin, at liome with his fatlici-; Sarah Fannie, at home; Jessie, also at home. The one cliihl nf the third niarriaijo is the bright little (laughter Sadie, at home witli her parents. Mrs. Laird, a most estimable lady, is a valued member uf the Christian Church, and ably assists in the good work of that religious organization. Polit- ically our subject is a strong Democrat and a firm supporter of the part^- of the people, [le has never been an ottiee-seeker but has been content to do his full duty at the polls, and, interested in local and national affairs, has ever given intelli- gent consideration to the vital question of the day. IJeginning life on a capital of about ^8, he at first rented a farm, upon which he remained four 3'ears, and then invested his savings in forty acres of woodland, where he settled with his fam- ily and having built a cabin entered vigorously into clearing up the laml. wliiili he rapidly im- proved and at the expiiatiun of seven years sold at a good piofit. Mr. Laird then bought forty acre.s where he now resides and to which he has since added forty acres. A hard-vvorking and en- terprising man, he has overcome the various misfortunes and trials which have attended his career, and has honorably won his upward way to an assured position of induence. Meantime he has personally witnessed the wonderful growth and rapid advancement of the i)ast half-century and for fully two-score years has been an import- ant factor in the upward progress of his home locality, where he is known to the entire commu- nity and esteemed as a pulilic-spirited and upright citizen. *^^[ m^mi 1^^ AMUKL D. POOH, one of the early settlers and prominent men of southern Illinois, now living at Metropolis, was born in F'en- tress County, Tenn., April «, 1827. His father, Samuel Poor, was born in North Carolina and was a hard-working farmer, living for the most pari on rcnliMl land. His familv, after re- moving from North Carolina to Tennessee, lived on the bank of the Wolf River in a log house, and it was in lliis humlile alindf that Samuel 1). was born. In 1835, the father of our subject started to remove to Arkansas, his entire wealth consisting of one yoke of small steers, a blind .sorrel mare and about ¥100 in cash, and his family consisted of himself, wife and five children. While passing through Bowling Green, Ky., he bought Samuel D. and his brother, Benjamin F., each a pair of shoes, the first pair either of them had ever had. This was in the fall of the year, and !»s the weatlier was getting cold he concluded to remain in that vicinity and go on in the spring. The family went into camp near Friendship Church, and dur- ing the winter the journe3' to Arkansas was aban- doned. In the spring of 183G he came to southern Illinois, settling in .Johnson County at a time wluii there were but five dwellings between (irantsburg and A'ienna. The land was nearly all owned by Government and was selling at $1.25 an acre, but as Mr. Poor had no money then with which to buy he had to earn some before he could make his first entry. lie therefore took a contract to cut out a set of barn logs for .Joseph McCorkle for $50, and upon the receipt of this money en- tered forty acres of Government land. Mr. Poor and his family cleared up of this land about twenty acres the first year, and built a fence around it. About this time he and his daughter Nancy died, and for the succeeding two or three years his widow and the rest of the children got along .as best they could with only the old blind mare, the little steers having been sold some time before in order to buy soaiething to eat. Then Mrs. Poor married again and afteratime separated from her husband and sold the property, after which the family lived for some time on rented land. .She soon after secured a home for Samuel D. with Joseph McCorkle, when he was sixteen years of age, the understanding being that he should attend school a part of the time and when twenty one years of age should receive a horse, a saddle and a bridle. When he was twenty years old, however, he and Mr. McCorkle had a inisun- derslanding and separated, and he went out into 516 roiiTKAlT AND KI()( J RAIMIICAL UKVIKW. the world for himself. His first work was to carry the mail for N. 15. .Tinnett, a son-in-law of Mr. Mc Corkle, for JG per month, half in monej' and iialf in clothes. While living at Mr. Jinnctt's lie was at- tacked witii a fever of some kind and was attended b}' Dr. Garey, of Vienna, who gave liini plenty of calomel and left strict inbtractii)ns that he should have no water to drink. But when Mr. and Mrs. Jinnett were asleep he got out of bed and drank all the water he wanted iind immediately began to improve. After terminating liis contract witii Mr. Jinnett to carry tiie mall, Mr. Poor hired out to a Mr. William Price to run a wool-carding machine, which Mr. Price lind just set up and which was the first machine of the kind in southern Illinois. Young Poor worked at this business for about eighteen months, and afterward worked land on shares for A. D. Howell, he to have one-fourth of the crop. He was next occupied for six months in Mississippi, on Ozark Island No. 75, cutting cordwood, and had a very severe experience with the floods of tiie Mississippi River, and witii a number of liis friends had the cholera. Re- turning to Metropolis riclier in experience but poorer in purse than when he went down the river, he again tried working land on shares for Mr. Howell. He did not meet with tlie most gratifying success, and refusing to become clerk for James Hammonds, of Vienna, he with some others went to Missouri and there worked for James Small at making picket fences and cutting cordwood. They then worked for a neighbor of Mr. Small, and after a time returned to Mr. How- ell's in Illinois. Soon afterward Samuel bought the improvoment already made by Benton Mod- glin, giving llOO for the improvement and taking the risk of some one "entering him out" before spring. The next year lie bought a land warrant covering his entry. When he was twenty-seven years of age our subject married Sarah Jane Mount, and soon after- ward bought eighty acres of his father-in-law, go- ing in debt for the entire amount, ii-SOO, but by the time the war came on he had two hundred acres of land all paid for. In 1863 he began the business of mercliandising, buying out a lot of goods, including five barrels of whisky, and going in debt for the entire amount, ?600. He almost im- mediatel}' sold tiie whisky- for 11(10 and reduced the indebtedness to $200. In the summer of 1863 he began the business of selling goods in earnest, but after a time sold out to J. C. Simpson and J. T. Keith and again became connected with merchan- dising, continuing in tliis line until 1882, when he retired for the purpose of settling up his debts. In 1884 he went into business again in company with L. G. Simmons and Nathan Frizzell, under the (irm name of S. D. Poor A- Co., which business was continued for some years. Mr. Poor was married in May, 1854, to Sarah Jane Mount, a native of Johnson County and a daughter of William and Nancy Mount, pioneers of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Poor raised six children, namely: Jane, who married Dr. William J. Fern; Jasper Newton; Sidney, who married L. II. Frizzell, a druggist of ^'ienna; Mary, who mar- ried Pleasant G. Burris, a merchant of Grants- burg; Lizzie, wife of Lewis G. Simmons, a merchant at Metropolis, and Dora, unmarried and living at liome. Our subject, although practically uneducated in his youth, is possessed of considerable literary ability, and in 1885 published an autobiography. One year later he published a work entitled "A Night in Dreamland," and in 1889 a work en- titled '"A Practical Talk on Christianity and Pol- itics." \I? AMES H. MORRIS, Sit., an honored pioneer I settler of Illinois and for three-score years ^fp^ I an eye-witness of the I'apid growth and up- ij^// ward progress of the State, has long been identified with the best interests of Massac County, and, an energetic and enterprising citizen, has ably aided in local advancement, enjoying the esteem and confidence of a host of old-time friends. Our subject is a native Kentuckian and was born in Livingston County, Maroli 11,1824. His pa- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 517 teiiial grandfather was one of the early settlers of Kentucky and a man of indomitable will and cour- age, and was a pioneer compatriot of the famous hunter, Daniel Boone. His son Alfred, the father of .lames H.. Sr., was born and reared amid the frontier scenes and thrilling experiences incidental to life upon the borderland of civilization. While a boy he industriously .assisted in the labors of the farm and when he attained to his majority' re- moved to Livingston County, where he married and continued to engage in the cultivation of the soil. In 1833, following the out-going tide of em- igration, Father Slorris with his family journeyed by teams to Illinois, and located in that part of .Johnson County- now included in IMassac County, buying a tract of land and also entering (Gov- ernment land, lie built a log house upon the land he had first purchased about three miles from Metropolis, and resided there a number of years, finally removing to a second homestead about a (piarter of a mile distant, and in 1850, respected by all who knew him, passed away in the home of our subject. The wife of Alfred Morris, in maidenhood Miss lilizabeth Iliggs, was a native of Kentucky and a lady of ability and culture. A true heli)niate and devoted wife and mother, she spent a life of bus}' usefulness and preceded her husband to the better land, dying in 18-13. Our subject was but a lad of nine years when his parents came to Illinois, and well remembeis the details of the journey and many incidents of travel. In 1833 the country in which the family- located was sparsely settled and most of the land w.as yet owned bj- the Govern- ment. Deer and wild turkeys were plentiful, and there were still many Indians in the vicinity of the home. Mr. Morris attended the pioneer school of the neighborhood held in a little log house without floor or chimney'. In cold weather a fire was built in the middle of the structure and the pupils were seated on piles of rails laid upon blocks for seats. There were no windows in the little cabin and the doors, made of boards, were wired and riveted by hand to the primitive building. Until his marriage our subject continued to reside with his father, who gave him ftirty acres upon which to begin life for liinisolf. .M.iking earnest preparation for the future, he built upon his tract of wild timber land a humble log cabin and was then ready to care for a wife. Upon June 8, 1843, .lames II. Morris and Miss Lucinda Little were united in marriage and imme- diately took possession of the new home. Mrs. Morris was born in what is now Massac County January 22, 182."), and is the daughter of Robert Little, who was, it is believed, born in South Car- olina and removed thence to Tennessee, coming from the latter State to I llinois, and being one of the first settlers of the new Territory, which then had a large population of Indians but numbered com- paratively few white residents within its bounda- ries. For some years i\Ir. Little lived near the present site of Vienna, and finally locating in what is now Massac County, settled upon Govern- ment land, afterward buying fort^' acres near the river, ten miles from Metropolis, in which pleasant vicinity he continued to make his home until hi.s death. He was a man of native ability and ster- ling integrit}- and was well adapted to meet the difficulties of pioneer life. His excellent wife, Mrs. Sarah (Copeland) Little, was a native of South Carolina and, highly- respected, spent her last days in Massac County. There were no railroads in M.assac County until long after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Morris, and the people lived frugally off the products of their land. The good wife of our subject used to card, spin and weave and dressed her children in homespun garments made by her own hands. The husband and wife have continued to be constant residents of their home- stead through all the changing years and have now one hundred and forty acres of land, all under high cultivation. The happy Ikiuic has been blessed by the birth of ten children. The sons and daughters were: Alfred H., Albion, Kathan E., Jeremiah, Isaac, James II., Jane, Alice, Colfax and Clarinda, Sarah died at the age of ten years, and one child died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Morris have twenty-five intelligent and promising grand- children and one great-grandchild. Now nearing the evening of his years with calm serenity, our subject may well rejoice in the contemplation of his well-spent life, and to his numerous descend- ants will l)e<|ui'ntli the memory of his many vir- il8 POlM'KAir AND mOGRAPHICAl. KKVIKW. tiics and ii name unstained by dishonest word or deed. A true American, lie Ii:is bravely faced each duty of life uinl won lii~: upward way willi .•^elf- reliant energy. r ^^^EOUOE OTTO 1500S, a citizen of township II ^=; !•'> range 6, Johnson County, was born ^3l '» Hat^en, Germany, May 12, IS."??. His father, George John Boos, was al.so bom in liaden and was a son of George Boos. The grandi)arents of (ieorge Otto spent their entire lives in Germany, and his father and sister vvere the only members of the famil}' that ever came to the United States. This sister, who was named Mary, inarried a Mr. Smith and lived in Galena, 111., some years. After her husband's death in Galena she went to Cali- fornia with her children and died in that State. George John Boos, the father of our subject, learned the trade of a tanner and followed this occupation in Baden until 1842, when, with his wife and chil- dren, he came to the Un ited States. He sailed from Havre in the winter season and after a voyage of ninety days landed in New Orleans, whence he came up the river to Louisville, and followed his trade until the death of his wife, after which he went to Golconda and spent the rest of his days with his son, George Otto. The maiden name of his wife was Catherine Steedley. She was born in Baden and died in I^ouisvillo, having reared six children, namely: Catherine, Fanii_y, Julia, Charles, (ieorge Otto and Amelia. George Otto was five years old when brought to the I'niled States by his parents, and he remained with them until he was thirteen, when he started life for himself. He was occupied in various kinds of work for several years and then he became a llat- boatman on the Ohio and Mississiiipi Rivers, con- tinuing in this until twenty-one years of age, when ho rented land and engaged in farming one year. He then bought a tract of land and followed farm- ing until 18()2, when he removed to Golconda and engaged in loaming and contracting, making the brick for an}ILLL\M M. LANGE, an energetic and prosperous citizen, successfully cultivating his fine farm located upon section .35, iiiwiiship 15, range 4, in Massac Count}', near Metropolis, 111., gave faithful and gallant service ill behalf of national existence, but is a native of Prussia, Germany, and was born in 1839. His father, Christian Lange, born, educated and mar- ried in Prussia, also farmed in the Fatherland until he was fifty years of age, when he decided to emi- grate to .\meriea. lie had enjoyed but limited edu- cational advantages, but was a man of intelligence and was well versed in primary studies. Finally deciding to try his fortunes in the New World be- yond the seas, he engaged p.ass.age for himself and family at Bremen, from which city he embarked upon a sailing-vessel, and after a wearisome voy- age of twenty-five days, safely landed at Balti- more. Having sold his farm in the Old Country, Christian Lange had still a little money left when he reached port, and almost immediately settling in Dearborn County, Ind., there bought land, which he industriously cultivated until the time of his death, in May. 18G9. When Father Lange emigrated to the United j States, his family consisted of his wife and six sturdy sons: Fred, the eldest-born, is now de- ceased; Christopher is an Indiana farmer; Anton is dece.ised; William M. is the subject of this sketch; and Henry and Charley also reside in In- diana. Three other children came into the home, all of whom passed aw.ay at an early period. Our subject was only eleven years of age when he ar- rived in this country, but had already received a fair German education, afterward supplemented by instruction in English studies. He remained upon his father's farm until twenty-two years old, when came the cry "to arms," and in 1861 the whole country was upon the verge of most troub- lous times. Mr. Lange appreciated the advan- tages offered him by our Republican government, and loyally engaged in the defense of the Union, enlisting August 5, 1861, in Company K, Twenty- sixth Indiana Infantry, bravely serving until the 12th of ^larch, 1863, \vhen on account of physical disability he was honorably discharged from duty. He had actively participated in numerous battles and skirmishes, and was wounded in the left arm by a gunshot; in March, 1862, he had his right shoulder dislocated at Prairie Grove, Ark., and upon December 7, 1862, was removed to the hospi- tal at Fayetteville. His shoulder having been dis- located ami broken, Mr. Lange went home upon a furlough, which lasted for two months. After his discharge at Springfield, Mo., he returned to Indi- ana, and later was married to Miss Annie Nei- meyer, and renting a farm went to work for him- self. He engaged in the pui-suit of agricultural duties in Indiana four yeai-s, at the expiration of which time he located in Massac County, III., at firet settling about eight miles from Metropolis. Not long afterward, our subject purchased the land where he now resides, and \vhicli he has brought up to a high state of cultivation, improv- ing the farm with excellent and commodious out- buildings and a fine residence. Seven children have blessed the home with their bright and in- telligent presence. Charley, the eldest, is now a 520 l'()i:rKAIT AND mOGRAl'lUCAL REVIEW. farmer at Mansfield, 111.; William farms in Massac County; Frank is a successful traveling salesman; Henry and George are now deceased; and Thomas and Edward reside witli tlicir parents. Mr. and Mrs. Lange arc valued members of the Congrega- tionol Church at Metropolis, and arc prominently identified with the good work and social and benevolent enterprises of that denomination. Po- litically, our subject is an ardent Republican and a firm supporter of the principles of the party. As a friend, sincere and true; as a soldier, faith- ul in the performance of each duty assigned him, and as an American citizen, upholding truth and justice, Mr. Lange has worthily obtained the regard and confidence of the general public, who thoroughly appreciate and respect his energetic industry and sterling integrity of character. b<"T">ti \I^OBERT WILLIAMS, a farmer living on sec- [ts^ tion 26, townsliip 15, range 4, Massac *\ County, and carrying on market gardening to a large extent, is a son of Isaac Will- iams, who was a native of Kentucky, and a farmer living in the vicinity of Bowling Green. Isaac Williams was married there to Nancy Scott, also a native of Kentucky-, and to tlieir marriage were born ten children: Robert; Thomas, John, Sarah and Mary, deceased; Melvina, wife of Peter Hun- gerford; Elizabeth; Daniel; and two others that died in infancy. In the year 18.36, the family removed to Posey County, Ind., where they rented land two years, and afterward removed to Pike County, of the same State. There the}' had eighty acres of land, which was given to Mr. AVilliams b^' an uncle, and upon this they located and lived for a time; but on account of the milk sickness, they were unable to remain, and so were compelled to give up that place. In 1838, they therefore re- moved to Greene Count}', 1 11., six miles southeast of CarroUton, where the}' squatted on land and lived there eight or nine years, removing thence to Jef- ferson County, where they laid a Black Il.iwk land warrant upon a tract of eighty acres, and remained four years, improving the land and hauling rails nearly four miles with which to fence it. This was an unusual thing for them, as they had al- ways lived on timber farms, and had had plenty of rails for fencing. In fact, timber had always been very much in the wa\', and having to haul rails so far was a novel experience indeed. They remained on this place and improved it, practicing the same industry and economy that had characterized them always before. From Jefferson County they removed to .lohnson County, and took up forty acres of school land, and commenced once again to make a farm and home. To this end they first built a log cabin, moved into it and began pio- neer life for the fourth time. Mr. Williams succeeded in making of this land a fairly good farm and home, and remained there until the time of his death, which occurred in 1857. His widow, who as a wife had divided his sorrows and enlianced his joys, subsequentl}' re- moved to Massac County and died there in 18.511. Robert Williams was the first-born of the family, and is the only one now living, so far as is known. He was born in Hardin County, Ky.. August 6, 1827. His youth was spent upon the farm, and he was in early life inured to hard work. His father's life being that of a pioneer, and that too of a roving kind, young Robert's opportunit}' for securing an education was not of the best, even of the kind that then existed. His chances were mainly those of hard work and plenty of it. He of course removed with his parents from place to place, these journeys being made mostly on horseback, the horses carrying all tlie household effects and goods of the family. Wag- ons, even had the}- had them, would have been for the most part useless, as there were no bridges across the streams that it was frequently necessary to cross. Robert remained with his parents until he was nineteen years old, when he started out to begin life for himself, having as capital a level head, willing hands and $1.50 in money. lie first en- gaged to grub out the timber of four acres of land, for which he was to receive, if he proved a good hand to work, twenty-five cents per d.ay. Being PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 521 very strong and accustomed to tliat kind of work, he completed the job in four da\-s, which so much pleased his employer that he paid him ^\.2i). He next engaged in work for a farmer at ^S per month, and remained there a _vear, receiving for his year's services ^96. lie then engaged with the same farmer another year for ¥120, and 1)3- the end of the second year he had saved a little money, and concluding that it would be better for him to marry and to make a home for himself, he was united to Adeline Morris, a native of Kentuckj'. Me then rented a farm for two years and was suc- cessful, but later removed to Massac County, bought an unimproved farm of forty acres, on sec- tion 21, township 15, range 4, built a small house upon it, and went to work for himself, clearing the ground, planting an orchard and otherwise improving the place. lie lived there twelve yeare, then sold the farm and during the war moved back to Johnson County, where he bought eight}' acres in what is now Elvira Township, northwest from Vienna seven miles, moved into a log cabin, planted an orchard, made a home and lived there until 1867. He then sold that farm and returned to Massac County, where for three j-ears he rented land, afterward buying eighty acres of land on section 21, township 15, range 4, which was without improvement. He built on this land a house and barn, cleared up portions of it, and )-e- maincd upon it until tlie winter of 1888, when he secured the place upon which he now lives, which consisted of twenty improved acres, but was not in good condition. He remodeled and further im- proved the premises, and made of it a comfortable i home. His first wife died in 18.">G,and he was mar- ried the second time, in the fall of 18G0, to the widow of Franklin Hand, who died in 18G2. In 1863, he was married to Jane Kincher wlio died in 1865, and he was next married to Amanda Leek, who died in 1K85. Our subject was married July 24, 1888, to Me- lissa J. Manning, a native of Meigs County, Ohio, whose mother came to Illinois, locating in Mass.ac County, and is now living with Mr. and Mrs. Will- iams. By his first marriage our subject had four children: James, deceased; Jerry, drowned in Cache Creek; Robert, living in Metropolis; and Melvina, who died when young. By the second marriage there was one child, Ida, deceased. By the third marriage there were three children: Grant and Thomas Benton, both living in Tennessee; and Marv Ann, deceased. By the fourth marriage there were born two children: one that died in in- fancy; and Charlie, living at home. Politically, Mr. Williams is a Hepiiblicaii, and roligioush' is a member of the Christian Church. ^^m^m W' ^('AMES A. SIMl'SON, tonsorial artist. Vi- enna, devoted the opening 3-ears of his manhood to the service of his country on the battlefields of the South during the war, and his courage and fidelity to the cause for which he fought are worthy' of all honor. He is a native of Johnson Count}-, born in Simpson Township Jul}- 12, 1841, and a son of William Simpson. An account of the Simpson family is embodied in the sketches of J. B. Kuykendall and F. M. Simpson. AVhen our subject was five weeks old he was left motherless, and his sister, Eliza Perkins, reared him, giving him a mother's care. He was brought up on a farm, and was educated in the local schools in his native county. Me was engaged in agri- cultural pursuits when the rebellion broke out, and in the fall of that j-ear he joined the brave boys in blue, becoming a member of Company D, in the famous regiment commanded by Col. John A. Logan, the Thirty-first Illinois Infantiy. lie took an active part in its campaigns until he was sevcrel}- wounded in the right shoulder b}^ a gun- shot at the battle of Ft. Donelsoii, August 15, 1862. This disabled him for a lime, and he was honorabl}- discharged, but he was still unwavering in his devotion to the Old Flag, and he re-entered the army in December, 1863, enlisting in Conipan}- G, Fourteenth Illinois Cavalr}-. His good soldier- ship was well tested in the various skirmishes and engagements of his regiment with the enemy, and he accompanied it on the Stoneman raid, in (leor- :,-22 PORTKArr AND HIOGRAPinCAI, KKVIEW. giii. In an encoiintc'i- with llii' rebels his caplain was wounded, and Mr. Simpson was called to iiis assistance, and while helping him was captured. That was on the 3d of August, and on the (ilh he was ushered into tiiat dreadful prison stockade at Andersonville. He was confined there until the following October, and was then transferred to the Florence Prison, in South Carolina, where he re- mained until the close of the war. After being liberated from his terrible confinement, he was sent to Annapolis, Md., and thence to Benton Bar- racks, at St. Louis. There he was given leave of absence for twenty days, and at the expiration of that time returned to St. Louis, whence he was sent to Springfield, and at the Capitol City he re- ceived his discharge, in May, 1865. A war-worn veteran, though still young in years, our subject returned to Vienna, and for two years was unable to do any labor. From that time he was variously emplo3'ed until 1879, when he established himself in his present business, at which he is doing well, having a well-appointed shop and many patrons. He is a member of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R. In politics, he is a con- sistent Republican, voting as he fought. Mr. Simpson was happily married in 18fi9 to Miss Lulu Arrison, and they are blessed with seven children: AVilliam J., Polk, Tliomas, Fred, Fannie, Ruthie and George W. ^^ ^ ^^, R.DAVID O. MELTON, veterinary sur- geon. There are times wiien, glancing over the life records of persons, it seems absolutely necessary to use that often much-abused phrase "self-made man," but this ex- pression is true of Dr. Melton, for when quite young he started out to fight life's iwttles for him- self with no visible means of support, and by euergj- and determination bent the force of circumstances to his will and is now possessed of a reasonable iiicdMie. Wilford Melton, liis worthy sire, was lidiii in Indiana, January 4, 1812, and his youth- ful days were characterized b}' that hard work which is ever the lot of the pioneer farmer's boy. Since 1888 he has been a resident of Kentucky, and there he expects to spend the remainder of his da^'S. He was married in 18.35, to Miss Fliza- beth Snider, of Indiana, the fruits of which union are seven children: Jessie J. and Malinda, de- ceased; Isaac J., a successful farmer; Catherine, wife of I. G. Birdwell; David O.; Sid E., a resi- dent of Indiana, and Austin, who is a medical practitioner of ability. In the State of Indiana Dr. David O. Mellon first saw the light of day on the 8th of August, 1847, .and there, like his father before him, he re- ceived a thorough knowledge of the intricacies of farming during the days of his youth and secured a practical insight into the common-school branches in the old-time log schoolhouse, furnished in the most primitive style, and which was presided over by the "Hoosier schoolmaster," whose firm belief it was that "sparing the rod would spoil the child." Notwithstanding the drawbacks from which the youth of those days were compelled to suffer, David succeeded in imbibing considerable learning, at any rate, a suflicient amount to fit him for the successful conduct of the affairs to which his atten- tion has been given. At the age of twenty years he began selling papers on the IMobile Si Ohio Railroad, running into Mobile, Ala., but after a time began working in a commission house in Cairo, III., where he remained, faithfully laboring in the interests of his employers until 18G7, at which time ' he began laboring on a farm in Indiana, and for three years he followed this very healthy employment. In the year 1871 he be- came a resident of Metropolis, 111., bought a tract of land near the town and since then his time has been absorbed in improving and cultivating his land, which has abundantly responded to his ef- forts and is one of the admirably kept farms of the county, yielding a reasonable and satisfac- tory income. In 1875 he fitted himself for the practice of veterinary surgery, and since that time has had a wide practice in southern Illinois. His well-established characteristics of industry and ])erseverance have brought him safe returns, and although he is prudent in the use of his means, he PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 523 is not at all penurious, and when called upon to do so has given liberally of his means to worthy entcr])rises. During the lamentable struggle between the North and Soutli, he served in Companj- E, of the 'I'liirteenth Indiana CavaUy, for one hundred and five days, at the end of which time he was mus- tered out of the service. On the 10th of Sep- tember, 1868, our subject was married, his wife being Miss Emily J. Espy, daughter of David Esp}-, of Indiana, and the result of their union is four children, tlic eldest of whom, Olethie, is deceased. Emily E., Maud S. and David O. are at home. Mr. Melton has always been a patron of education and is giving, and expects to give, his cliildren good advantages in this respect, for he is aware of the fact that a good education is something that can neither be sold nor given away, that it is a liberal capital in itself, and is like a good name, "rather to be desired than great riches." Mr. Melton has always been a supporter of Republican principles, but is b3' no means an ac- tive politician. '4i^^l^B^ WlOHN S. GODD.VRD makes his abode in Buruside Township, .lohnson County, lie was born in Williamson Count}-, May 10, 1837. His father. John C. Goddard, was b(Mi) in Buncombe County, N. C, September 30. 1797. He was a son of William Goddard, who was a farmer of North Carolina, and his wife was Nanc}' Cooper, who died young, leaving this one child,. lobn C. William Goddard was married the second time, to Miss Ellen Cochrane. They then removed to Tennessee, and from Tennessee the}' came to Illinois at an early day, squatted on Gov- ernment land, and died in middle age, .Tolin C. fioddard married .Susan Casey, daughter of Levi and Mary (Sherrel) Casey. They were farmers in .lohnson County on Government land, and had eleven children, six sons and five daughters, of whom .lohn S. w.as the seventh child and liflh son in order of birth. The father died in 185.5, at the age of fifty-eight, and his widow died in 1872, at the age of sixty-eight years. They rest in the lit- tle graveyard west of Creal Springs. Grandfather Casey and his family were among the early settlers in Bloomtield Township. .John .S. Goddard w.as reared at home and to hard work, and received but limited education. He lived at home until his marriage. In the summer of 18G2 he enlisted in Compan}' F, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry, under Capt. 51. R. Allen. He was in the service nearly three years, and w.as mustered out at the close of the war .as a member of the Nintli Illinois, with which regiment his was early consolidated. He served in Com- panies K and B of the Ninth, and when mustered out was a Sergeant. He was captured near Home, Ga., and was a prisoner six months, during which time he was a prisoner at Cahaba, Milan and Ander- sonville. Those six months were worse than all his active service put together. He was in over sixty battles and skirmishes, and upon returning home was in very poor health. He lived a few years upon his mother's farm after his marriage to Mary E. Wood, of Pennsylvania, daughter of Will- iam C. and Phebe C. (Frost) Wood, who came to Illinois, settling in Pope County, in 18.55, and soon afterward to Johnson County. Her father died on his farm in Burnside Township in 1870, at the age of nft}--five years. His widow is still living with Mr. and Mrs. Goddard, now seventy years old. She has buried ten children, three sons and seven daughters, and Jlrs. (ioddard is the onl}' surviving child. Mr. and Mrs. Goddard iiave lived in Williamson County most of their married lives, but in 1880 the}- removed from their present home to a forty- acre tr.act of land near their present home. They have now two fortj'-acre farms. They built their large frame house in 1887. The}- have buried three small children, and have eight living, four sons and four daughters, viz: William A., twenty-three years old; Thom.as H., twenty-one; Susan M., nineteen; Albert C., fourteen; Frank C, eleven; Phebe A., nine; Rachael G., seven; and Ethel Jlay, five. These children are all at home and most of them in school. Mr. tioddard has 524 I'OKTUAIT AND liKXiRArillCAL RKVJEW. been a Demociat most of his life. He bas served as Scliool Director several years. He carries on a general fanning business, and lias a fine young or- cliard partially surrounded by timber, and promis- ing an abundance of fruit in the near future. Altogether, our subject is a man of good busi- ness qualifications, possessing a knowledge of the mode of conducting a farm successfully, and is re- spected by all who know liira. •^^ E^^ \f| OEL II. PROCTOR. Conspicuous among the I I business men of .lolinson County stands Mr. Proctor, who is a successful merchant at Regent. He was born in .Jackson County, 'Penn., on the 14th of .Tune, 1847. His father, James Proctor, of the same county, was a son of Henry Proctor, of South Carolina, and of Irish ancestry. He died in Tennessee in middle life, leaving a family of five sons and two daughters. James was his fourth child and second son, and mar- ried Frances Henle}', daughter of Pleasant and IMartha (Wats) Ilenlcy, both from South Carolina. The maternal grandparents came from Tennessee to southern Illinois in 1858, the grandmother dying about 1869, aged seventy-seven years. She left but one child, the mother of Joel H. Proctor. Grandfather Henley survived until 1888, and died at the home of Joel II., at the age of eighty-eight, strong and health}- until his last sickness. He left an estate worth about $6,000. The parents of our subject came to southern Illinois, and settled in Union County in 1860. They at first located on fortj' acres of land, which they sold ten years later, and removed to Johnson Count}', where they bought one hundred acres of improved land in Goreville Township. Here they lived until 1882, when they went to Pope County to live with their daughter, Mary King. The mother died in May, 1883, and the father followed in November, she dying at tiie age of sixty-five, and he at seventy-three. They had buried two children, one son at one year, and a daughter, Mar- tha, in 1865, twenty-two ycare old. The living ones are Joel II.; Mary, wife of John F. King; and Thaddeus Q., a merchant of Elvira Township. Joel II. lived at home until his marriage at twenty-five years of age, April 21, 1873, to Jes- sicfia Kelle}-, daughter of William and Sarah (Wed- del) Kelley, who came from Indiana about 1862. lie died in 1878, aged si. \tv- three; his widow is still living. Mrs. Proctor has three brothers, John R., Isaac N. and Calvin, all farmers of John- son County. Mr. and iVIrs. Proctor have buried two infant sons, and have one daughter living, Daisj', Mrs. John A. Gresham, who is eighteen years old. Mr. Proctor followed farming until Decem- ber, 1884, when he sold the one hundred acres bought of the heirs of his father, and removed to Regent, where he bought a one-half interest in the general merchandising business of W. D. Toler. Three years later he bought the reniainingone-half interest, and has since conducted the business alone. He was appointed Postmaster in 1888, and though a Republican, he took the place vacated by his part- ner under Cleveland. He li.as been a Notary Pub- lic for the past three years. He is a well-informed, well-balanced, genial gentleman, and attracts peo- ple to him, niakiug them lasting friends. HARLES MARSHALL, a well-known citizen of Cache Township, Johnson County, was born in Kentucky, September 17, 1863. lie is a son of Robert M. and Eliz.abeth (Foreman) Marshall, both natives of Kentuck}'. Robert M. Mar- shall was the son of Martin P. and Eliza Marshall, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Kentucky. Martin P. Marshall was a lawyer and a farmer, and wiis successful in both callings. At his death, in 1881, he was eightj^-six j-ears old. Rob- ert M. JMarshall, father of Charles, was a graduate of Yale College, and also studied law. He located in Rock Island, 111., and practiced there a number of years. From Rock Island he went to Kentucky and purchased land in Mason County, near Mays- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 525 ville, tlie coiintN' seat. He now has a tract of nine hundred acres there, and follows agriculture and stock-raising. Charles Marshall remained at home until he was twent3'-one years old. He is a graduate of the Lebanon Normal College, in Warren County, Ohio, where he was a student for three years. He learned civil engineering, but on account of failing liealth, decided on a change of occupation. Will- iam Foreman, his grandfather on his mother's side, owned a large tract of land in Illinois, and young Marshall came to this State to take charge of the farm and conduct the business. This he did in a most satisfactory manner for six years, and in 1892 he purchased the entire tract, consisting of eleven hun- dred and eight3'-flve acres, all in Johnson County. His house is on section 36, Cache Township, and is one of the best in the community-. Here he fol- lows agricultural pursuits, making a specialty of thorough-bred horses, cattle and hogs. His favorite breed of cattle is the Durham, and he has a very fine herd of this kind of animals. Mr. INIarshali is a courteous and genial gentleman, and though yet a young man, he is one of the most progressive and successful farmers in tlie county. He was married February' 21!, 1890, to Effle Williams, who was born in Johnson County, October 20, 1870. Her parents were both natives of Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. JLarshall have two children, Elizabeth F. and Robert M. Mr. Marshall is a Democrat and an Odd Fellow. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. •Sj^SJNOCH 1'. .\Nl)ERSOX was born in .M.assac lU County, 111., April 21, 1834. He isasonof /I I — ^ Thomas F. and Milielia (Logan) Anderson, both natives of Tennessee. The parents of Thomas F. were Enoch and Elizabeth .Vndcrson, natives of North Carolina. Thom.as F. Anderson w.asa farmer, who came to Illinois at an early day, and pur- chased Government land in Massac Countv. The trip was b^^ wagon, and after a delay of sometime, caused by the sickness of the father of tlie family, they at length crossed the Ohio River at Padncah, settled in Massac County, and lived there until his death, which occurred March 30, 1839. E^noch P. Anderson remained at home until he was seventeen years of age, assisting in the care of the family, on account of which he received but little education. He began life for himself b}' working out by the month, and afterward went into the poultry business. New Orleans was his main market, and when he had collected together a big lot of poultry, he shipped them down the river, going with the boat himself, and doing his own selling. He remained thus engaged about three years, and then bought Government land in Massac County, a tract of fort3' acres in township 14, range 5, east. This he afterward sold, and took up forty acres in the same township, to which he added other tracts from time to time, un- til finallj' he had one hundred and si.\ty acres, upon which he lived until 1860, when he sold out. Our subject then rented land about four j'ears, then trading for an eighty-acre tract, on which he lived until 1874, when he traded for land in lower Massac County, in township 14, upon which he resided until his death, in 1891. He then sold this farm with the exception of eighty acres, which he owns, in township 14, range 5, and bought one hundred and forty acres on section 33, township 13, in Johnson County, where he lives, and follows farming and stock-raising He makes a. specialty of running horses, of which he has some fine spec- imens. He w.as married January 28, 18.5.5, to Pru- dence A. Wilkins, who was born August 30, 1836, in Indiana, and died November 2ti, 1876. He was married next to Louisa Thompson, April 27, 1879. She was born in Illinois, and died April 15, 1886. He was married the third time, to Matilda E. My- rick, August 30, 1887. She was born in Kentucky, IMarch 8, 1864, her father being a native of Ten- nessee, and her mother of Kentucky. Mr. Ander- son has eight children living, viz: AInrtlia E., Joshua T., Nancy J., Joseph, William and Ishain by the first wife, Sidda, by his second, and Botell, by his third. He enlisted in Com|)any H, One Hundred and Thiity-first I llinois Infantry, in 1862, ;')'2(; I'OK'rUAri' AM) IIIOCRAI'IIICAI, I!K\IKW. at Metropolis, was First I>ieutenant of the com- pany, and has not yet been discharged. IIo is lib- eral in his religious views, and is a member (if the Democratic party. j^EORCE HRATTON, M. 1).. one of the [ ,_— , most prominent and successful physicians of ^yj) Johnson County, 111., was born in Adams County, Ohio, March 9, 1832. His father, James Bratton, was also born in Adams County, March 21, 1808, and his father, Jacob Hratton. from the best information obtainable, was a native of Penn- sylvania. He was one of the pioneer settlers in Adams County, where he secured a tract of Gov- ernment laud, and upon this farm spent his last years. James IJratton was an iron master, and owned an interest in a foundry in Lawrence County, where he lived during the latter portion of his life. He died April 19, 1846. The maiden name of his wife was Charity Hoop, and she was born in Highland County, Ohio, March 3, 1809. Her father was born in Germany, and the name was originally spelled Hoeppe. She died in Law- rence County January 22, 1848, after rearing three children, George, Jacob and John. George received his English education at Tur- lington Academ3-, and afterward at Ilillsboro Col- lege, from which latter institution he graduated when but seventeen years old. He then returned to Burlington, and began the stud}- of medicine . with Dr. Camillus Hall. He attended medical lec- tures at the Western Reserve Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio, and later he entered the Star- ling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, graduat- ing from this latter institution when he was twenty years of age. Under the laws of tiie State he could not receive a diploma at that age, but he received a certificate from the President of the college, set- ting forth what he had accomplished. He then entered a medical college at Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution March 9, 18.53. He immediately established himself in the practice of medicine at Vienna, and has been engaged there ever since. His practice is very large, and he is one of the leading physicians in the county. Dr. Bratton was married in 1858 to Elizabeth J. Bridges, who was born in Vienna and who is a daugh- ter of David V. and Lucretia (Cliapman) Bridges. Dr. and Mrs. Bratton have three children living, viz: Suda, William Harvey and Bertie. Charlie M., the first child, met his death accidentally at the age of twenty-one. Mrs. Bratton is a member of the Baptist Church, and Dr. Bratton is a member of the Southern Illinois Medical Society, and of Vi- enna Lodge No. l.")0, A. F. and A. M. He is also a member of Vienna Chapter No. 67, R. A. M.; of Gethsemane Commander}' No. 41, K. T.; of Vesta Lodge No. 340, I. O. (). F.; and of Vienna En- caniriment No. .53. -^^- !* I^;ILLIAM P. WALKER, an enterprising \/iJ// ^'^''^^i' of Massac County, was one of the W^ valiant soldiers who, during the Civil War, left home and friends to fight in the defense of the Old Flag. He is the son of David AValker, of Tennessee, who died when William P. was a mere child. The latter was reared to manhood on a farm and obtained a fair education in the sub- scription schools of the county. He was born No- vember 19, 1842, and had therefore scarcely at- tained maturitj'^ when in August of 1863, he enlisted in the United States arm}-, becoming a member of Company D. Thirteenth Tennessee Cavalry. It was during the engagement at Ft. Pillow that Mr. Walker had his arm broken and one e3-e shot out, and so desperate were his injuries that he was left on the battlefield, his friends supposing that he was dead. When it was discovered that his pulse was still beating, he wascared foratonce and was sent to the hospital at Mound City, 111. His wounds were of so serious a nature as to totally incapacitate him from active service and he was tiierefore honorably discharged December 17, 1864. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 527 Mr. Walker came to Massac County, 111., and settled on .i farm in 1873. From here he removed to Texas and spent one year in that State, but not liking tiie climate or the countrj-, he returned to Massac Count3' and purchased a tract of land lo- cated in theniidstof tlie woods. From the wilder- ness he evolved a finely improved farm, where he now makes his home. His farmini; operations liave been conducted in a skillful and judicious manner and .as a result he has accumulated a competency ;uid attained a place among the representative and successful citizens of Massac County. As might be supposed, he is actively connected with the Grand Army of the Republic and holds member- ship in Post No. 3-15. .Alarch 29, 1871, Miss Alice A., daughter of Richard Peters, of Kentucky', became the wife of our subject. Two children came to bless their home: Annie, now the wife of Reuben Adcock; and Richard, who is engaged in teaching school at Dexter, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Peters have taken into their home and are tenderly caring for a bright and intelligent child, named Dottic Peters, whose home was formerly in the State of AVashington. In their religious connections, Mr. Walker and his family are members of the Methodist Church and are active in their support of religious causes. .€i^£Of''<^|]^''i bllO.MAS II. CALIIOOX resides in Goreville Township, Johnson County, and was born in Williamson County, Tenn., in 1831. His father, Jacob J. Callioon, was born in the same county, about 179 1, to George Calhoon, who was a mechanic, and followed blacksmithing most of his life. He was one of tlie pioneers of that part of Tennessee, having emigrated fi'om North Carolina when a j'oung man. He married Miss Patsy Ju- lian, of North Carolina. The grandparents of Thomas H. reared six sons and one daughter, of whom Jacob J. was the first-born. One son, H.ayes, died wlien a young man. George Calhoon died in 1813. when about seventy years of age. His 29 wife survived him some seven years and died in Johnson County, when about seventy -six years of age. Jacob .1. Calhoon was reared to farm life, and had a very good education for that day. He was married in Tennessee, at the age of twent3'-two, about 1825, to Miss Rebecca McCall, of Tennessee. He followed farming on his own farm in Tennes- see until 1852, when he sold out and removed to this county, making his first permanent settlement on about eight hundred acres of land, a part of which was taken up upon land warrants received for services in the .lackson and Mexican Wars. The removal was made- by means of a four-horse and a two-horse team in large covered wagons, the regular emigrant or Tennessee wjigon, known oth- wise as "prairie schooners." The six horses were fine large Tennessee horses, well broken and trained to the one line and the word. They were some weeks on the road at the time of the election of Franklin Pierce as President of the United States, and after stopping two weeks on the way, arrived in Johnson County in December. There were twelve children then, seven sons and five daughters, one young son, Samuel, having died at the age of fourteen years. The father of this family died on the farm first selected in 1856, aged sixty-two years, a victim of malarial fever, then so prevalent in this part of the State. The mother survived him some years, and died in 1869, at the age of seven t3'-two. Of her thirteen children there arc now living five sous and four daughters, of whom the youngest is about forty-eight 3-ears of age. The brothers, with one excei)tion, are farmers in Johnson County, and that one is a farmer in Ar- kansas. Their names are as follows: William, in Arkansas; J. F"., Thomas H., Charles D. and G. J. The daughters are Mary A., wife of James Rob- inson, of Johnson Count}'; Rebecca, wife of James V. Cunii, in Missouri; Frances A., wife of William Allen, of Washington, D. C; and Sarah .1., wife of Isn.ac Lovelace, of Johnson County. Tliom.as H. Calhoon was brought upon the farm and his education was received in the subscription schools, or select schools. He lived at home with his parents until after his majority, coming with them tolllinois, and assisting them to start in this 528 roiri'liAir and liKXIKAl'IIRAL HKVIKW. State. He then returned to Tennessee, where lie was married to Mary Jane Robinson, m March, 1854. .She was the daughter of William Robinson and his wife, Patsy Robinson, a cousin. Two years after their marriage they came to Illinois and settled at his present home, on eighty acres of land, on which his father had located a land warrant. This land was then in a state of nature, except that there was a small house in the woods. The first house was 18x20 feet in dimensions, one and a-half stories high, of large hewed logs, which would face a foot. He roofed it himself with hard-wood shingles, and built a good stone chimney, and put in a good hard-wood floor of six-inch plank. This house sheltered his family from 1860 to 1887, when he built his present frame house or cottage, 32x32 feet in size, with six large rooms and hall. This house has twent^'-five fine large glass windows, the first having but one, of 8x10 inch glass, and that was for a long time tlie best dwelling for miles around. Mr. Calhoon has now one hundred and eighty acres of land, having fallen heir to twenty acres- He bought eighty acres early in the '70s for §9 per acre of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and he was some seven years paying for it. This rail- road company was always very lenient and kind to a purchaser, never dunning a man with his axe or grub hoe on his shoulder. Mr. and Mrs. Calhoon buried four infants, sons, and reared eight, five sons and three daughters. These chil- dren are as follows: Martha A., wife of William V. Thornton, a farmer living near her parents, and who has three sons and one daughter; William M., a farmer in the same vicinity, having a wife and one son; James A., who has a wife and one child; Sarah F., wife of Charles Grissom, a farmer near by, and who has one daughter; Charles R., resid- ing on the home farm, having a wife and one son; Susan E., a young lady at home, and keeping house for her father; Jacob J., a young man of twentj'-one, at home on the farm; and George B., a youth of seventeen, at home. These children are all fairly well educated, and the younger one especially, who purposes fitting himself for a teacher. Mr. Calhoou lost his wife in 1877, when she was forty-one years old. He has, however, been fort- unate in iii> cliiidren, the daughters taking the place of thi'ir iiiolher in managing the domestic affairs of the houseiiold. lie was a remarkably strong and healthy man up to .Inly 1, 181)2, when he was strangely attacked by what the doctors called sunstroke, and when he came to pay their bills he thought he was struck by a financial cy- clone. He was unconscious for eight weeks, and when he regained consciousness, concluded that his great necessity was rest. He has always car- ried on mixed farming, and has served the town- ship as Trustee and School Director many years. He has always been a Democrat, and has no ex- pectation of changing his i)olitics. ' ' ' ^S- E^^ ided for the four succeeding years. At the expi- ration of that time he removed to Indian Terri- tory- and dwelt in the Choctaw Nation, where lie leased land and farmed until his death in 1891. He was a remarkable man, of excellent business ability and intelligence, but j)referred a life upon the frontier. By his first marriage (Jreeii L. Murrie became the father of four children: Dora, deceased; Eliza- beth, wife of Lee FauUiaber; Jennie, deceased; and Laben M., our subject. The children of the sec- ond marriage were William, located at Ft. Smith, Ark.; Martha J., deceased; Marv, wife of C. M. Dowell, Indian Territory; Ilattie, wife of J. llpton, a Baptist minister of Indian Territory-. Laben M., the fourth child of the first marriage, was born in Massac County August 20, 18.')9. He was reared upon a farm and accompanied his father to Kan- sas, but when thirteen years old he returned to Massac County, and, thrown entirely upon his own resources, worked upon farms, a portion of the time being in the employ of his brother-in-law, who lived upon the old homestead of Grandfather Murrie. Our subject received a primary education, and through close observation fitted himself for the battle of life. At twenty-two jears of age he was married to Miss Sarah A. May, of Massac County, a most estimable lady and a true help- mate, whose parents yet reside in the vicinity of her home. After his marriage Mr. Murrie rented a farm for one year and at the expiration of a twelvemonth received forty acres from his grand- mother's old place, and buying twenty acres more, made his home there for four years, when he sold out for ¥1,500 and purchased the valuable homestead where he now resides. The ninet3'-four acres were then almost unimproved, but our subject and his wife made their home in a humble little log cabin on the place, and with stout hearts courageously toiled until the land was brought up to a high state of cultivation and excellent buildings had replaced the rude structures of early days. The home residence is one of the most attractive in this locality and the farm is one of the best in this portion of the State. Mr. ]\Iurrie is a self-made man, who, having energetically won his upward way, is fully entitled to the respect now paid to his business ability. He has been successful in all his undertakings and seems especially adapted to the requirements of general merchandising, whicli prospers under his skillful care. One child, a daughter, Effie, has blessed his marriage and brought yet more sunshine into the pleasant home. Financially prospered, ISIr. Murrie is politically a Democrat and, a liberal-spirited and progressive citizen, is ever ready to do his full share in mat- ters of public welfare, having long iieen accounted an important factor in local enterprises and im- provements. ■ URTON S. HARGKR,a resident of townshij) 1 1, range 6, of Pope County, w.as born in Pope County in 1856, and is a son of Noah S. Barger, a farmer living near. Our sub- ject is the second child and son of a family' con- sisting of eleven children, only six of whom are living, lie was reared at home to farm life and labor, and when still young received a fair educa- tion. He remained at home until his marriage, at the age of nineteen, in November, 1875, to Martha P. Smith, of Alabama, daughter of Bradford and Nancy (Finney) Smith. The father of Mrs. Barger died in Alabama, in the prime of life, leaving hi§ 530 I'ourijArr and i;i()(;kai'iii('al kkvjkw. widow witli two sons and one daughter, and a good estiite. But tliroiigli the war and a dishonest administrator, she lost imicii of it, and came to Illinois the last year of the war a refugee, her fa- tiier, Norman Finney, then a resident of Illinois, going to Alabama for her, and bringing her through. She was afterward married to James Williams, to vviiom she bore two sons and one daughter, and died in November, 1884, aged fifty- four years. Mr. and Mrs. Harger began their married life at their present home, where they have one hundred and forty acres of land, one hundred acres of which are under cultivation. They raise mostly corn and wheat, selling the wheat and feeding the corn to the stock. lie raises each ^-ear from twenty-five to thir- ty hogs, and works horses and mules, raising some of both kinds of animals for the market. He also keeps cattle and sheep, his preference being the Cots- wolds and Southdowns. Our subject is a stanch Republican in politics, and a member of the Social Brethren Church, while his wife is a member of tiie Cumbeiland Presbyterian Church. Narcissa Smith, a maiden aunt of Mrs. Barger, who is seventy-one years old, makes her home with tbem. Our subject and his wife have buried two infant sons, and have seven children living, viz: Almeda, a miss of four- teen years; Arthur, twelve years old; Cordelia, nine; Hillus. eight; Noah, six; Julius, three, and an infant not yet named. The children are all receiving much attention in educational matters, their par- ents being desirous of filly prei)aring them for life's struggles. KNRY MILLER, a prominent farmer resid- ing on section 24, township 1;"), nmge 4, Massac County, is a son of William Miller, who came to the United States from Ger- many about ISoT. He took passage in a sailing- vessel and was six weeks on tiie ocean, the ship finally casting anchor in New Orleans. After- ward he came to Illinois, where he located in Massac County, and bought land as ^oon as he could, but being very poor got along slowly at first. He and his wife both died in Massac County, leaving five children, viz: Sophie, wife of Ilirani Lang, of Warsaw, Ind.; Mena, widow of Charles Fairbaugh; William C, a merchant of Metropolis; Henry, and Conrad, deceased. Henry was the third child and was born in Han- over, Germany, September 9, 1837. He worked on the farm in tlie Old Country, and spent con- siderable of his time herding cattle and sheep, that part of the farm labor seeming to fall natur- ally to him. In his native country he seemed a good Gierman education. Having heard much of tlie United States, lie determined to try his fortune in this country, and left home when lie was but seventeen years old, taking passage on a sailing- vessel, and after a voyage of six weeks landed in Baltimore. This w.as before his parents came from home, and when he arrived in Baltimore he had but #3 in liis pocket with which to commence life in a new and strange country. But he was a determined sort of boy, and, having some rela- tives in Massac County (one a brother-in-law), lie made for that portion of the West. Upon reaching Illinois, Mr. Miller worked for a farmer for one year for $6 per month, and after the first year received 88 per month. He worked steadily, saved some money, and at length rented land, finally securing eighty acres at a cost of $335 . He afterward sold the place for *2,000, and then bought for $4,000 the place on which he now lives, and which consisted of one hundred and thirty-six acres of improved land. Locating on this farm, he furnished the house, built large barns, and added to its acres, until he now owns three hundred and forty-nine acres of good land, comprising one of the best farms in the county. In Massac Count)-, when twenty-one jears old, Mr. Miller married Mena Thein, a native of Ger- man)', who died in 1879, leaving seven children, viz: William, George, Henry, Andrew, Benjamin^ Simon and Nora. He afterward married Loui M. Winnaker, who is also of German parentage. ' and by her he has four children: Albert, Oscar, Agnes and Isaac. Politically, Mr. Miller is a Republican, and re- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 531 ligiously is :i mcmltcr of tlif Metliddisl Episcopal Church. It ma3- be truly said that he is a con- spicuous oxample of what iuclustrv and econ- omy, coupled with good sense and sound judg- ment, can accomplish in such a country as that which we possess. Coming to the United States when young, and with no money, only his own willing hands and his good calculating mind, he has worked and planned, and h.as succeeded in accu- mulating property, until now he is worth |!30,000. He is not only one of the best farmers in Massac County, but also one of its best citizens, always ready and willing to assist in anything that is calculated to benefit his fellow-men, by all of whom he is held in the highest esteem. •{••{••{••i-F "lI'OIlN i;. UAUr was born in Itedford County, Tenn., February' 10, 1854, and now makes his home in township 11, range 7, Pope Count3-. His father, Martin M. Hart, was born in the same county, and was a farmer by oc- cupation, as was also his father, Heniy Hart, who was born on the line between 2sorth and South Carolina, and was married to Nancy Rainy, of South Carolina. They emigrated to Tennessee early in life, and reared there a family of fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters, of whom Martin was the sixth son, and one of the 3'oungest of the famil}'. Henr^- Hart died in Tennessee when about seventy 3'ears of age, and his widow died in Pope County when ninety years of age, about the year 1867. The pioneers of this family in coming to Uliiiois were .James and .John Hart, and in 18.o4 the parents of our subject came. The mother of our subject was Mary Morris, a daugh- ter of Samuel Morris, of Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Hart came to Illinois with their own teams, and were in humble circumstances at the time. .John 15. Hart is the fifth child and fourth sou of a family of seven. All are living. Tlie fatlier died January 1, 18G3, in the prime of life, his widow living until 1871, and dying at tlie farm home aged sixty years. Tlic names of the seven chil- dren are as follows: Ilcniy, a farmer of Pope County; Samuel P., a physician at Kddyville; William .J., a i)lij'sician of (iolconda; Aggie K., wife of A. K. Wasson, a farmer of Pope Count}-; John 15.; James I)., a physician of Dongola, 111.; and Jesse M., residing at Metropolis. John B. Hart was reared to farm life and received a fair common-school education. He left home in 1872, at the age of eighteen, and was a salesman for pat- ent medicines for eight years. He was married at the age of twenty-six to Mary M.J)ixon, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Hedrick) Dixon, of East Tennessee, who came to Illinois about 1852, before Mary was born. Mr. Hart and his wife began life on his farm in Pope County and at their present home. He commenced on one hundred and twen- ty-five acres, and he has since bought and sold different amounts, having at the present time two hundred and ninet}' acres, of which he cultivates over one hundred acres. He carries on general farming, and also carries on merchandising, open- ing a store at Grand Pier in 1890, though he had been engaged in merchandising somewhat before, opening his first store in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Hart have buried one infant daughter and one son, Clement E., three years old. They now have three sons and two daughters: Adie E., twelve years old; Ethel, seven; 15yron E., five; Nellie 1)., three; and John R., one. Mr. Hart is a Democrat and he and his wife are members of the United Baptist Church. They are good people and liighlv respected by all. e^+^4 EWTON FII.KEKSON was born in Pope Couiily, 111., in 1857. He is a son of .1. F. Fulkcrson, who was born in Kentucky in The latter was a farmer, as was also his fa- J. F. Fulkerson had two brothers and three sisters, he being the eldest of the family. Hecaine to Illinois a young man, and was married in 18;)2 to Priscilla Floyd, of Tennessee, a daughter of 1808. ther. 532 I'OIM'KAJI' AM) UlOCKAl'lllCAL UKVIEVV. Jonathftn Floyd, who came to Illinois in 1828, when she was but eleven years old, and at fifteen slie was married. They bejjan tlieir married life as squatters on new wild land near Oolconda, but some years later they entered and deeded from the Government four hundred and eighty acres of land at a "bit" per acre. On this they made a permanent liome and here Mr. Fulkerson died in 1874, at the age of sixty-six years. lie iiad lost one daughter at two years of age, and one son, Jonathan, in 1870, at the age of thirty-eight. He left eight children, five sons and three daughters, all still living but one, Mary, wife of Jacob S. Bar- ger, who died in 1886, at the age of fort}'-two yeai-s, leaving ten children. The mother is sev- enty-five years old. Her seven ciiildren are: Rich- ard, a farmer of Pope Count}'; William B., an hotel-keeper in Kansas; Julia, widow of G. B. Hart, living on her farm in Pope County; James L., a farmer living near the old homestead; Amer- ica, wife of A. J. Blackman, a farmer of Saline County; and Jasper and Newton (twins), the former a farmer and lumberman living near by. Newton Fulkerson was reared to habits of in- dustry and began following the plow when seven years of age, lie and his twin brother plowing with one horse, one riding the horse, tlie other holding the plow. His educational advantages were very limited, yet he learned to read and write, and to understand arithmetic to some extent. He remained at iiome until his marriage, March 1, 187C, when he was nineteen years old, to Luverba Blackman, who was born in Saline County, 111., and is a daughter of William and Julia (Mar- graves) Blackman, both of Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Fulkerson began their married life on the farm which his father owned at the time of his death, and lived there until 1886, when they removed to their present home, the farm upon which they now live containing two hundred and twenty-nine acres, and being on section 23, township 11, range 6. They have one hundred acres under cultivation, on which he raises corn, wheat, oats and hay, his wheat yield being from four hundred to five hun- dred bushels, and his corn about three hundred bushels. He keeps horses for working and raises a few cattle, sheep and hogs for the market. Our subject has served as Commissioner of Highways and as School Trustee. In politics he IS a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Regular Bai)tist Church. Their seven children are all still living, six daughters and one son, viz; Julia, a young lady of fifteen years; Delia, thir- teen; Willie, ten; Ethel, eight; Priscilla, six; Ella, three; and Rista, an infant. They are all in school but the three youngest, and are making commend- able progress in their studies. Mr. Fulkerson, like most of his family, is about six feet high and strongly built. Like his twin brother he is a farmer, a lumberman and mauufactiirer of staves, and does much hard work. They are typical frontiersmen, industrious and honest, and are of excellent char- acter and citizoiishi|i, hiving the respect of the entire community. lENJAMIN BENDER, baker and grocer of Metropolis, Massac County, is a son of l^JjUJ Jacob Bender, who lived and died in Ger- many and was a baker by trade. He mar- vied Elizabeth Miller, by whom he had eight children: Thewald, who was killed in the army in North Carolina; Paul, who died in St. Louis; Pe- ter, a farmer of Saline County, III.; Jacob, Cather- ine and Eva, all three of whom died young; one that died in infancy; and Benjamin, who was born in Germany, January 1.3, 1847, and when a boy had to go to work at the trade of his father. He received at the same time a fair German education, and remained with his parents until 1864, then go- ing into the army. He was Sergeant of his com- pany, had considerable experience in thearm^'and was wounded at Sedan. Hoping to better his con- dition in life, he came to the United States in 1874 by steamship, landing in New York. When he came here our subject had $700 in money, and losing no time he commenced work at the baker's trade, which he had thoroughly learned under his father's instructions. He worked in various cities, among them Chicago, New Orleans, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 533 Cairo, \'icksburg, etc., and, industrious find eco- nomical, saved up what lie earned, and at length located in Metropolis in 1888, and bought property where he is now in business and where he has suc- ceeded in building up a good trade. He was mar- ried first in 1871. to Charlotte Craff, who was of CJerman extraction, and died March 5, 1885. He was married the second time, to Mary Hletsenger, December 5, 1885. By his first marriage he has four children: Jacob, a baker at home with his fa- ther; Charlotte, Family and Lizzie; and by his sec- ond marriage he has two children: Lena and Ben- jamin, both at home. Mr. Binder is a strong friend of the education of the young. Politically he is a Democrat, and is an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Both are highly re- spected as good German-American citizens. =^>^^<^-=- AWRKNCK W. COPLAND, general merch- .^ ant, livery stable and hotel keeper of Me- ^ tropolis, Massac Count}-, is a son of Joshua iS. Copland, who came from Tennessee with his fa- ther when four years old. The grandfather was a slave-holder in Tennessee, and when he came to Illinois brought his slaves with him and gave them their liberty in this State. The slaves, how- ever, had no desire to leave him, and all remained with him while he lived. Grandfather Copland settled in Johnson County at an early day, long before the admission of the State into tlie Union. This settlement was made in a wilderness, and was one of tlie earliest settlements in southern Illinois. He came in a flatboat, and made his start in this new country' in 1808. The condition of things at that time can be readily imagined; all the woods were filled with Indians and all kinds of wild an- imals, and there wore no white men for miles around. Joshua S. Copland, the father of our subject, w.is reared in this wilderness, assisting as soon as able to clear the land :ind bring it under cultiva- tion. When he grew up he became engaged to some extent in merchandising, although his prin- cipal business was that of farming. He settled where he now lives, in what is now Massac Count}', having secured there some unimproved land, which he purchased, and which at the time had half an acre cleared. At the time when he commenced life for himself he had a casli capitjil of ^5. He was married to Klizalieth Axley, whose people were also early settlers in this part of Illinois. She died in October, 185G. Mr. Copland was married the second time, to Caroline E. Evers, of Graves County, Ky. By his first marriage he had ten children, namely: Robert Van Buren, H':S A. ADAMS, who was born in Lyon County, Ky.. August 9, 1841, is a citizen of Cache Township, Johnson County. He is a son of John W. and Nancy (Bridges) Adams, both of the same State. John W. Adams was the son of Robert and Elizabeth Adams. He was a farmer and removed to Illinois at an earl3' day, coming to this State, as all pioneer emigrants did at that time, b}' team and wagon. He purchased land in Cache Township, Johnson County, cleared up his farm, erected his own buildings, and after living there about eight years he died. James A. Adams remained at home and assisted in the sup- port of his mother until her death. He attended school in Kentucky about six months and after cftming to Illinois he attended only three days, so that his early education was sadly neglected. After his mother's death he purchased the interest of his sister in the old farm of forty acres and he eonliuuod to farm thcie until he sold out. He 536 rOUTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RKVIEW. then purchased where he now resides, in 1882 He h.'id then one liundred and ten acres on sections 1 and 2, Csiche Townsliip, and to this lie lias since added eighty acres on section 11. lie has, liowever, sold a portion of the farm and novv has fifty-two acres on section 1. He was burned out in 1881, and afterward erected new buildings as soon and as fast as he was able. For the most part he has been engaged in mixed farming, but for a year and a-lialf lu- was also engaged in mercantile business, selling out in 1883. Mr. Adams was married May 17, 1869, to Luvi- cey Cochran, who died April 20, 1883. He was married the second time, to Mary H. Cochran, No- vember 6, 1884. She was born in Arkansas Au- gust 1), 1867. INIr. Adams has three children, viz: .Tames M. and .Julia ,J. by his first wife and Toddy Klizabeth by the second. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a member of the order of Knights and Ladies of Honor, and is a Democrat. After the death of his father our subject and his mother returned to the old home in Kentucky, luit they came back in 1863 to Illinois. ,^^ HAKLKS C. ROSE, ^^^ a son of Henry HARLES C. ROSE, a fnrmer living on section range 7, Pope County, is Rose, who was born in Hardin County, III. Henr^' Rose was a son of Albert Rose, originally from Virginia, and a sold- ier in the Revolutionary army. He was a man of sterling character, of strong will, a typical Virgin- ian, and a prominent man in the coinmuuit3' in which he lived. He removed from his native Slate to Kentucky, and afterward to other States, and in all of them was engaged in tilling the soil. Henry Rose had the best opportunities for secur- ing an education the countrj' then afforded, but they were very meagre compared with what they arc at the present day, and there is still room for imprnvemeiit. He secured liy far the better part of his education after leaving school, by reading, observation, and the practical application of what he learned to the affairs of life. He worked on a farm when a boy, clearing land, chopping wood, making rails and assisting generally until he was twenty-one. He then married Elizabeth Whitesides, who was born near Eddyville, Pope County, and whose parents are now deceased. Mr. Rose secured eighty acres of land, to which he sub- sequently added two hundred and fortv acres in the northwest corner of Hardin County, all tim- bered land. Clearing up this farm he continued to live upon it until 1867, when he bought near Elizabethtown a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, which was somewhat improved, and for which he paid $3,200. Five years afterward he sold the old place. To the one hundred and sixty acres he has since added one hundred acres more and has made a splendid farm of it all, and now lives upon it. Henry Rose's first wife died in 1872, and he afterward married Nancy Holt, the widow of a Methodist preacher. She died about 1882. He was married the third time to Mary Erwood. B^' his first wife he had thirteen children, viz: Cath- erine, widow of B\ M. Thomas, of Ilarrisburgh; John C, a farmer of Pope County; Albert G., en- gaged in the livery business in Harrisbui'gh, 111.; Sarah E., wife of Alfred Anderson, of Ilarrisburgh; James H., a ph^'sician and surgeon of Ilarris- burgh; Indiana, deceased; "William A., living in California; George W., living at Arbuckle, Cal.; Jane, deceased; Charles C: Marian, deceased; Ad- die, wife of John Coker, who is engaged in the dry-goods business in Ilarrisburgh, III.; and one that died in infancy. By the second wife he had one child, Lelia M., living at home, and hy the third wife he has tvvo children. His third wife by a former marriage has two children, John and Bessie. Charles C. Rose was born in the northwest cor- ner of Hardin County, on the old farm, November 22, 1858. He was reared on the farm and re- ceived a fair common-school education. He re- mained at home until he w.as twenty-one j'ears old, and was afterward for some time variously occu- pied without .accomplishing aii3'thing worthy of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 537 note, lie was married t<» Graeie Ellis, whose par- ents were from Oiiio, but she was born and reared in Pope County, 111. Her fatlier is dead, but her mother is still living. After his marriage he went to Evansvillc, and remained there in business one year. He then returned to Pope County, and was engaged in farming, accumulating land little by little until he was in comfortable circumstances. He then bought a farm in section 16, townsliip 12, range 7, in Pope Count}', having previousl}- owned one of one hundred and sixty acres wliich he had sold. lie has liad two children by his marriage to Miss Ellis, viz: John, deceased, and Katie Eliza- beth, at home. Mr. Rose was a Republican until the rise of the Populist party, and since then he has been a member of tlie new party. He is a man wiio has many warm friends, and is a higiily re- spected citizen. -^"^^l ^ ESSE A. ORR, M. D., a leading physician 11 of Metropolis, Massac County, is a grand- I ^^1 son of Hewey Orr, wlio was born in Ireland ^5^^ and emigrated to this country' with his fa- ther and settled, it is believed, in Virginia. He was a saddler by trade, and had three sons and one daugliter. Both he and his wife died in Ken- tuck}', of which State tliey were early settlers. One of those three sons was William M. Orr, who was born in Caldwell County, Ky., in 1811, when everything in that State was extremely new and wild. He was brought up on the farm, and ac- quired of his father some knowledge of the sad- dler's trade. He also acquired a little knowledge of the common branches of an English education, such as it was possible to get under the circnni- sLances by which be was surrounded. He reniained at home until he was about twenty-two years of age, when he began life for himself. As the initial step to independence, the father of oiu- subject was married to Xancy M. Adams, a native of Kentucky, whose parents removed to Soutli Carolina before .Mrs. Orr was born. 'I'licv I were farmers and both died in Kentucky. Will- iam M. Orr after his marriage bought some tim- ber land in Kentucky and proceeded to improve a farm, upon which he erected a log cabin, and be- gan hard work in earnest. Most of the timber cut was rolled into piles and burned to get it out of the way, though he made a little lumber with the whipsaw. At this time, though the country was ver}' sparsel}' settled, j'et he was not without com- pany, the woods being full of deer, turkeys, wolves, wild cats and an occasional panther. Thus he lived exposed to dangers and suffering the privations incident to pioneer and frontier life, until he had cleared and improved his farm and made for himself and famil\' a (;omfortable home. Upon this farm he lived until 1888, when lie died, on August 22, his widow still surviving and living with a daughter and son-in-law. To the marriage of William M. Orr and Nancy M. Adams there were born eleven children, viz: Mary, wife of Crockett Moore, a farmer of Hazle- wood, Ballard Count}', Ky.; Joseph, who died on the old Kentucky homestead; Lucy, wife of John W. Stone, living on the home pl.ace, and her twin brother, who died in infancy; War- . ren, who also died in infancy; Caroline, wife of G. W. Morris, of West Plains, Ky.; Jesse A. and James C, twins, the latter of whom is p.astor of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Collinsville, 111.; Benjamin F., Presiding Elder of the Prince- ton district of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Princeton, Ky.; John C, a farmer of McCracken County, Ky.; .and Ilor.ace L., a contractor and builder and local preacher of Mayfield, Ky. Jesse A. Orr was born in (Jraves County, Ky., March 28, 184.'), and wsis brought up on the old homestead, up(m which he worked in summer and attended school in the winter time. The schoolhouse was of the primitive style, built of logs and furnished with the same material. This kind of life he led until 1862, when, with the patriotism and enthusiasm characteiistic of youth, he enlisted in Company E, Eifteenth Kentucky Cavalry, and served the cause of the I'nion for seventeen mouths, rushing aliout from place to l)lace, and engaging in guard duty, skirmishing and liuhling with guerrillas and bushwliackers, the 538 PORTRAIT AND BIOORAPIIICAL RKVIKW. Iwiidi'st and worst kind of service U> wliicli the !4c)Uliers of llie army were subjected. He was en- gaged in most of tlic Souliiern Stales, but was most of the time in Mississippi, Tennessee and iviMitiicUy. lie was on special duty about half of the lime, and came out of the service without a scratch and without an accident, except that his shoulder was injured by the fall of his horse, wiiich disabled him for some time. He was mus- tered out at I'aducah, and returned home with health somewhat impaired, in consequence of which he was not then fit for hard labor of any kind, and his father sent him to school for one year, during which time he made some little prog- ress in learning. Having now acquired a fair education, he turned his attention to the study of int'dicine, for which he had a natural aptitude and inclination. It was the desire of his mother that he should enter the ministry, like a number of her other sons, but he much preferred the med- ical profession. As his father could not afford to bear the expense, it devolved upon him to carry his project of becoming a physician through. While he had not been brought up to the cari)en- ter trade, our subject took naturally to the use of tools, got a few of them together, and went to work as a car[)enter, in this way earning some numey with which to buy books — medical works — Dr. J. A. Rybur kindly advising him what works to buy. AVork and private study occupied his lime and aUenlion three years, during which time he acquired considerable knowledge of medi- cine. In 1872 he entered Dr. Rybur's office as a student, and remained with him as a student, at the same time practicing medicine to some ex- lent, until 1874. On January 28 of that year he came to Illinois and began the practice of medi- cine on his own responsibility at Pellonia, re- maining there until September, 1877, and meeting with gratifying success. He then went to the l-'.cleclic Me, and the mother has alwajs clung to the old homestead, which holds for her so many memories of the past. Of the eight brothers and sisters who once gathered together about the fam- ily hearth an unbroken circle, four survive: JIary is the wife of George Henne, of Massac County; Maggie is at home; John Henry, the seventh child, is our subject; and Susie, a bright j'oung lady of sparkling intelligence, resides at home and teaches school. Those deceased are Lizzie, Fred, Harmon and one who died in iufancv. Our subject, reared upon his father's farm, and thoroughly trained in every detail of agri- cultural duty, was well fitted to receive charge of the homestead, which he now practically' manages. Remaining always with his parents, he received a good common- school education, and after the death of his father, at once assisted his mother in the cares which devolved upon her. As the 3'ears passed on she found her son full}' able to control and manage all the interests of the homestead, and was glad to be relieved of future care. The fam- ily all occupy positions of usefulnessand intluence, and are all membei-sand attendants of the German Lutheran Church, and active in the religious work and social and benevolent enterprises of that or- ganization. Politically, Mr. Petershagen is, as was his father before him, a strong Democrat, and ear- nest advocate of the "party of the people." He is intelligently informed upon the vital questions of the da}', and, a progressive citizen, has a bright future before him, and cannot fail to win assured success and lasting prosperity. •'•^^•f— «^' NDREW J. MARTIN was born in John- (@A-'[ j son County February 26, 1827, and now llj It resides in Cache Township, of the same <^ county. He is a son of Obadi.ih and Nancy (Carter) Martin, the former of whom was born in Tennessee and the latter in South Carolina. Oba- diah Martin came to Illinois at an early day, and settled in Johnson County on Government land. He married soon afterward, and it was on this farm that Andrew J. was born and reared. Obadiah died when Andrew J. w.is ten years old, and he being the only child had to remain at home to aid in supporting his mother, working at what he could find to do. His father had not purchased any land, and the young boy had a difficult part to perform, and his education was, of course, neg- lected. What little schooling he was enabled to secure was in a log schoolhouse of the most prim- itive kind, without any floor or windows. It had logs stretched on stringers for seats, and a fire in the middle of the house or room, around which the children gathered. In the wild woods at that time deer ran in droves like sheep, and wolves, wild turkeys and wild beast< of all kinds were plen- tiful. After his muther's (), 1882, to M;s. Sarah Melissa (Miiikey) Carter, wiio was born in Franklin County, 111., October 17, 18."{G,and whose parents were natives of Ten- nossee. Mr. Martin has one child living by his lirst wife, viz: .lohn, who lives near the old h(ini(> .■111(1, like his father, follows farming. Mr. Maitiii :iii(l liis wife are members of the Meth- odist Kiiiscopal Church, and he is a Republican in politics, lie enlisted August 13. 1862, at Vi- enna, in Company C, One Hundred and Twen- tieth Illinois Infantry, and was in the battle of Guntown and in that at East Port, on the Ten- nessee River. He w.as an active and faithful sol- dier all through the war, and w.as honorably dis- cliargcd at 5Ieni]ihis, Tenn., September 10, 1865. ' OHN A. WASSON, a [irominent practicing ])hysician of southern Illinois, was born in Ivast Tennessee, March 21,1820. His father, John Wassou, was also a native of East Tenuessee. He was a farmer, and was in comfort- able circumstances. His wife was Vesta England, of Tennessee. To them were born ten daughters ;uid seven sons, the Brst being born in 1802, and the Last in 1833. Of the seventeen children, all grew to adult age but two, and the Doctor is no doulit the last surviving member of the family, .lohn Wasson was born in 1769 and died in 1847, his widow surviving him about two years, and d}'- ing at sixty-five years of age. Polly, the first-born, was the wife of Landy Rector, and died in 1880. Edward, the first son, was born in 1803, and died in Tennessee in 18.59. He was a wealth^' and in- lluential planter and merchant, and was also promi- nent in public affairs, owning large landed es- tates and niills, and a fine sulphur spring, which liecame a very popular resort. He left a family that is still prominent. .Sally w.is the wife of a Mr. Eerguson, and died in ^Missouri. Melinda was the wife of the Rev. Burton Holloway, and the mother of the HoUoways of Pope County. She died in Illinois at the .age of eighty years. Washington died when a child. Alexander died in the prime of life, leaving a wife. .Joseph, who was a soldier with our subject in the Florida War, died in July, 1891, aged seventy -eight, in Barry County, Mo. Betsy, the widow of Thomas Atchley, was, when last heard from, in 1886, living on licr farm in Mis- souri. Louisa died about 1870. Dr. John A. was the next in order of birth. Caroline died in Texas, about 1865, aged forty-two. JMira, wife of Rufus CrewSjdied in Missouri in middlelife. Franklin died a young m.-iii about 1847. William came to Illinois in 1862, and died near Eddyville in 1882, .aged fifty-four. Vesta, if living, is in East Tennessee. Manila, born .Inly 6, 1833, died in the bloom of j'oulh. Dr. John A. Wasson grew up a farmer bo}- until seventeen years of age, acquiring in the meantime some little education. At that age he w.is placed in college, and one year later he left college for the Seminole AVar. He helped to gather up the Ridge party of Cherokee Indians for their new homes in the West. At nineteen he was married to P^lizabetli M. Nelson, of East Tennessee, in January, 1839. She bore him four children, sons, two dying in infancy. The mother of these children died in Miiy, 1847, at the age of twenty-four. Her two sons that survived are Alexander Elihu and John Franklin, both residents of Illinois. John resides in Harrisburgh and has a family. He is a farmer and stock dealer. Alexander is also a farmer, liv- ing near his father. Dr. Wasson w.as married the second time, to Martha Hall, of Wayne County, HI., December 29, 1848. To this marriage there have been born thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters. One sou and one daughter died in infancy, and Columbus died in October, 1875, in his twenty-seventh 3'ear. The living are as follows: Elizabeth, widow of Mr. Mott, residing in the vi- cinity; William C, a farmer of Polk Precinct; Charles F., a farmer of Saline Count}'; Sarah, wife of Jeremiah Williams, of Kentucky; Julia, wife of John Gibbons, of Saline County, 111.; A. J., at home on the farm, and having a wife and two sons; Clement Leonid.as Vallandigham, recently married and at home on the farm; Amanda J., wife of Rob- ert Williams, of Saline County; David Mc, a farmer PORTRAIT AND BIOCRAl'lllCAL REVIEW. 541 with a family of three sons and one daughter; and Lora E., a j-oiing lad^' at liome. The Doctor has been a fanner and physician all liis life, but is now practically retired from active labor of all kinds, but even at liisage of seventy-tliree j-ears, he IS obliged occasional!}^ to respond to calls for med- ical assistance by some of his old patrons. He is a Master Mason and a Democrat. He and Ids wife are Social Brethren, but were formerly Methodists. He has been an exhorter in the church some years, and has served as Justice of the Peace. He has lifty-uinc grandchildren and eighteen great-grand- children. =-^-^+^1=- ^OHN D. BRIDGES, proprietor of a livery stable at Vienna, is a j'oung man of much business ability and enterprise, who bids fair to become one of the solid, substantial business men of this, his native county. He is of the old pioneer stock of Johnson County, and was born on the old family homestead August 10, 186,5. His paternal grandfather was a prominent man in Johnson Countj- in his day. He was possessed of considerable wealth, which he acquired by farm- ing and in the mercantile business, having a store in Elvira Township for the sale of general mer- chandise. He died on the farm that was the birth- place of the father of our subject, and where his family now resides. John Bridges, the father of our subject, was reared to the life of a farmer on the farm where he was born, and early in life formed habits of industry. He obtained a fair education in the schools of the time, and added to his knowledge by observation and experience as he grew older. When about twenty-one years of age he was mar- ried to Miss Caroline Gore, who is also a native of this county. He had a good start in life, hav- ing had the wherewithal to bu}- a farm four miles west of N'ienna, which was unimproved when it came into his possession. He lived on it four years and then exchanged it for another in Elvira Township, which was a good place, but had been run down. By careful cultivation and judicious improvement he brought it back to its former condition, and then disposed of it at an advanced price. Ilis next purchase was known as the Russ Farm, and comprised one hundred and sixty acres of land. He added to its improvements, and at length traded it for the Weaver Farm, in the same township. He tilled its one hundred and eighty acres of fertile soil with success until he exchanged it for the Russ Farm, for which he had previously traded it. He took up his resi- dence on that, bought adjoining land, built ad- ditional houses, making many substantial im- provements, and had a line place of three hundred and twelve acres, which was his home until death closed his career December 28, 188.3, and the town- ship and count}' lost a citizen of much enterprise and a practical, wide-awake farmer. Mr. Bridges was twice married. His first wife, from whom he was divorced, is living in Moscow, I'nion County. By that marriage there were born three children, viz: Jlelinda J., who is deceased; John D., our subject; and Ida, wife of B. M. Adams, a farmer of Elvira Township. Mr. Bridges' second marriage, which occurred November 10, 18G8, was to Sarah Ragans, who was born in El- vira Township October 21, 1851. Her i)aternal grandfather was one of the pioneers of Union Count}', where he had a farm, but his last days were spent in Johnson County. Her father, Jo- seph R.agans, was lx)rn in Saratoga, Fnion Count}-, and was brought up on a farm. In early man- hood he bought a tr.act of timbered land in this county, upon which he built a log house, the same in which Mrs. Bridges was born, and worked hard to reclaim a good farm. His last years were passed in Bloomfield Township. The mother of Mrs. Bridges bore the maiden name of Mary McGinnis, and she was born in one of the pioneer homes of Union County, a daugh- ter of Rich and Melvina McGinnis. Mi-s. Bridges remained with her parents until her marri.age, and lias always lived in her native county. She attended the district schools in her girlhood, and the first that she went to was a typical pio- neer schoolhouse, with rough, home-made furni- 542 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. lure — benches wiUioiit backs, and no desks in front. Her mother carded, spun and wove all the clothes worn by her children, and was an adept at cooking before an t)[)en fireplace. Mrs. Hridges has live children living: David (<., .loscijhine, Laura, Narvisa and Sudua Belle. The subject of this sketch was the second child born to his parents. lie was a bright, energetic boy, and managed to obtain a very good educa- tion in the common schools, remaining with his father until his removal by death. He was then nineteen years of age, and the next year he s|)('nt in Tennessee, working on a farm. Re- turniuij; to .lolinson County, he hired out by the j-ear on a farna, and was found to be an active, steady, trusty workman. During the two years that he was so employed he saved some inonej-, which was encouraging, as he had but fifty cents to his name when he left home. His next venture was to engage in bujing cattle with an uncle and driving them to market, and he made that busi- ness pay, too. He then rented a farm, cultivat- ing it for one year, and after that rented another farm for a like length of time. He subsequently moved onto the old homestead, repairing a log house to live in, and reaped a good harvest at the end of the season. He continued to till the soil, and also worked for his stepmother. In 1890 our subject went to Tennessee again, remained there a year and then returned to the old place. He next rented a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits for a while, and finally' rented a small place to live on and engaged in hauling ties, etc. Not long after he bought a farm of one hundred and twentj' acres in Elvira Township. It was in a bad condition, and he moved onto it and energetically set about the work of repair and improvement. He so increased its value that he was enabled to sell it at the end of seven months for *1, 160, having paid $1,000 for it and having secured a good crop from it be- sides. Renting a large farm of three hundred acres, he raised a good crop of corn and hay, and then came to A^ienna to engage in the livery business. He has a well-ordered and well-conducted estab- lishment, supplied with a good cl.ass of horses and turnouts, and, as he is reasonable in his charges, fair and square in his dealings, is build- ing up a good business, and is worthy of a liberal patronage. He is a genial, whole-souled young man, gentlemanly and accommodating, and stands well with the people among whom his life has been principally passed. In politics he is a loyal supporter of the Republican party. Our subject and his estimable wife are the parents of two children, Bessie Ellen and Einih- I'earl. /^EORGE W. LAUDERDALE, of New Burn- Ill (-— side, was born in Pope County, 111., .June %^i 16, 1842. His father was Jacob Laudei'- dale, born in East Tennessee December 6, 1809, and a farmer by occupation, whose father, Will- iam Lauderdale, was also a farmer of East Ten- nessee, and was of German descent. William was the father of a large family and died on his fine farm in the Elk River bottom at the age of about sixt3--flve j'ears. He was married twice and Jacob was the youngest son b}- the first wife. Jacob Lauderdale was married twice, his first wife dying earl}- and leaving no children. His second wife was Mary Ann, daughter of Charles and Sarah Ann (Powell) Price. They were married in Pope County, TIL, about 1832. He came to southern Illinois in 1828, when nineteen years old, his brother John having come a few years previously. Like the most of the pioneers he had but little cash capital, and so was compelled to make his fortune by his labor. He at first located in Pope County, township 12, squatting on one hundred and twenty acres of land, on which he made his permanent home and to which he obtained a title from the Government. He built a typical pioneer log cabin, which in the course of years vvas super- seded by a good hewed-log house. Jacob Lauderdale had a family of six sons and four daughters, namel^y: Mar^' Jane, who became the wife of George Grisham, and who died at about the age of twenty-eight years; John L., a farmer of Pope County; Charles AV., a farmer of PORTRAIT AND BIOCiUAl'IIICAL REVIEW. 543 Johnson County; Jacob S., who was a farmer of Pope County, and wlio died on his farm at the age of forty years; Stephen F., now living at Dixon Springs, I'opc County, a retired farmer, a lawyer, Townsiiip Treasurer and a Justice of the Peace; (Jeorge W.; David Olivet, who was a vol- unteer in the War of the Rebellion, a member of Battery K, First Illinois Ligiit Artiller}-, and who served one j"ear and died iu a hospital at Evans- ville, aged twenty-three; Sarah Elizabeth, the wife of D. W. Franklin, a farmer of Pope County; Eliza Ann, wife of Abraham Bailey, a farmer of Pope County; and Martha C, wife of William W. Whiteside, for whose grandfather, Whiteside County, 111., the onl}' countj' in the United States of that name, was named. Mr. and Jlrs. White- side reside in Georgia. George AV. Lauderdale was not well educated in his boyhood, but was brought up to plent}' of toil and trouble on the farm. He left home at the age of twenty and volunteered as a member of the One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, as did also his brother S. F., who was then twenty- Iwo years old. They were both in Company E of that regiment. George W. was in the service but nine months when he was discharged on account of disability. His brother served through the war and came out at the end .as a non-commissioned officer and without wounds. George W. returned to his father's home, and one year later liis health was so much improved that he was able to attend school. He attended school four months, and then taught school for some tin)e. He was converted in 18G9 to the Methodist faith and was soon en- gaged as an exhorter, and was for the succeeding ten years a local preacher and farmer. His first regular pastorate was in 1886 at Belknap, .Johnson County-, an-^<| ^ OSIAH THRt)Gj\IORTON, a Director in the First National Bank of Vienna, Johnson County, was born in Union County, 111., July 24, 1828. His father, Joshua Throg- mortou, was born in Virginia, and removed from that State to North Carolina, where he married. He then removed to Kentucky and thence to the Territory of Illinois, becoming one of the pioneer settlers of Union Count}'. He there secured a tr.act of Government land and improved a farm, upon which he spent the rest of his days. The maiden name of his wife w.as Fannie Stokes. She was a native of North Carolina, and died on the home farm in LTnion County. Her father, Will- iam Stokes, was a native of North Carolina, and one of the early settlers of Union County. Joshua Throgmorton and his wife reared four children: JIary, Patsy, Elizabeth and Josiah. The last-named w.as reared and educated in his native county. The earl}' schools were taught on the subsci'iption plan, the schoolhouses being of the most primitive kind. The seats were made of puncheon, with wooden pins for legs. There were no backs to the seats nor desks in front of them. Holes were bored in the logs at the sides, in which pins were driven, and upon these pins was laid a piece of puncheon, which served as a desk for the larger scholars to write upon. Young Tluogmor- 544 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. ton split rails to earn the money with which to pay his tuition for the last term he attended school. Me was thirteen years old when his father died, and seven years later his raotlier passed away. He commenced life for himself working on the farm at ^10 per month. There being no railroads in this part of the country at that early day, the towns along the Ohio and Mississii)pi Rivers were the markets for the interior. Having accumulated a little capital, Mr. Thrograorlon became a dealer in poultry, eggs and produce, buying in Union County and taking his produce down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. This course he followed a portion of tlie time for two or three 3'ears, when he purchased a steam sawmill, and eng.aged in the lumber business. This proved a failure and he lost all his money and became involved in debt besides. In 1858 he re- moved to Vienna and became interested in a grist- mill. This mill he continued to operate until 1861, when he enlisted in Company K, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry. He was soon appointed Commissary Sergeant, which position he held while in the ser- vice. He was with Sherman in the Atlanta cam- paign, and went with him to the sea, and thence to Fayetteville, N. C, where he was honorably discharged in March, 1865. Returning home, he resumed his milling, which he continued until 1884. He has also been engaged in buying and shipping grain, and in farming, and has continued in both these lines until the present time. In 1891 he became interested with P. T. Chapman in a steam saw and planing mill, etc., and since then he has devoted much of his time to the supervis- ion of these mills. November 10, 1853, Mr. Throgmorton married Abigail Musgrove, a native of Union County, 111., whe was born there January 11, 1828. Her father, Caleb Musgrove, was born in North Carolina, and moving from that State to Illinois, became one of the pioneer settlers of Union County. He im- proved a farm and resided upon it until his death. The maiden name of the mother of Mrs. Throg- morton was Clarkey Cox; she was born in North Carolina and died in Union County, 111. Mrs. Throgmorton was reared in her native county. In her youthful days her mother used to card and spin, and she learned both arts from her mother. Mr. and Mrs. Throgmorton have one daughter living, Fanny, who is the wife of Thomas H. Sher- idan. In his political sympathies our subject is a Republican. In his religious belief he is a Uni- versalist. He is a member of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. ife A. M.; and of Vienna Chapter No. 67, R. A. M. He has served as High Priest of the Chapter several times and has been a representative to the Ck'and Lodge at Chicago. v an uncle to C'armi, 111., when ten years old. Father and Mother Brockett both enjoyed the ad- vantage of a good common-school education and, also trained in self-reliant industry, were well-fit- ted to rear and educate the nine cliildren who blessed their home with their intelligent presence. Alphonzo Eveleth, senior partner of Hrockett Bros., was the eldest of the family. Eva Uelle, the first daughter, is now deceased: Sylvester Orville wa> the third in order of birth; Agnew is deceased; Tiieophilus, Martha Ellen, Holmes Baldridge, Mil- ton Agnew and Evan Bailey are all at home. Our subject w.as born on his father's farm at C'armi, 111., I*"ebruar\' 12, 1871, and was early accustomed to aid in the labor of the homestead, working in the summer months, and during the winter seasons attending the nearest district school, where he diligently applied liimself and gained an excellent and thorough English education. Having remained at home with his jjarenls un- til .January, 1891, Mr. Brockett then engaged in business as agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Co., at Fairfield, 111., and is still associated with the well-known house he then represented. Feb- ruary 1, 18it2, he formed his present business re- lations and became established in Metropolis. His elder brother had been in a similar business in (iailatin County, 111., and they consolidated in Metropolis, there adding pianos and orgins to their stock in trade. Active, energetic and enter- prising, the genial and pleasant, Brockett Bros, are rapidly winning their way into popular favor and already enjoy an e.xcellent patronage, extend- ing throughout the surrounding country and em- bracing a large territory of custom. Possessing a wide acquaintance, especially in Massac County, which has been their life-long home, the Brock- ett Bros, have the confidence of their fellow- townsmen, and receive the best wisiies and hearty good-will of a host of sincere friends. Young in years but of earnest purpose and thoroughly de- voted to his business, our subject has a blight future before him, in which he ma}' achieve an honorable competence and occupy with distinction any public position of usefulness and inllueuce to which he may be called. Although not actively- interested in political issues, Mr. Brockett is in- telligently posted in local and national affairs, and in all matters iiertaining to the public welfare is ever ready to do his full <]uty as a true and pub- lic-spirited American citizen and worthy represen- tative of an ancestry from whom he has received a name untarnished b^- dishonest word or deed. ^^A:\II'EL I). MILLER, a citizen of Cache ^^^ Township, -Johnson County, was born in 1|^^) Texas County, Mo., December 31, 1856. He is a son of .Joseph and Mirinda (Bates) Miller, the former of whom was a native of North Carolina and the latter of Missouri. Joseph Mil- ler removed to Missouri when a young man, mar- ried there, bought land, and reared his family in that State. After the war he .sold his land and came to Illinois, and lived in Johnson County about one year and died in 1865. .*>amuel 1). Mil- ler remained at home and helped to support his mother until he w.as eighteen years of age, when he married Elizabeth Randall, February' 18, 1873, who was born in Union County October 18, 1856. Her parents were natives of Tennessee. Samuel D. Miller rented land about six yeai-s, when he purchased fifty-eight acres in Cache Township, and lived on this farm six years, at which time he sold out and purchased where he now resides, on section 10, Cache Township. He now has a farm of seventy-nine acres, and a good house and other valuable improvements. Not having had the o|)portuiiity to secure an educa- tion in his youth, he has alw.aysbeen a hard-work- ing man, but he h.is been economical and a good manager, and has now a good start in life. His 348 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIUCAL REVIEW. wife secured a fair education in Union County. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have throe children living: Melinda A., James A. and Dosey A. lie is liberal in his religious views, and is a member of the Democratic party. If^AVID F. WILIIKLM, a prosperous farmer residing in Cache Township, .Johnson County, was born in North Carolina, Jan- uary 8, 1831. lie is a son of John and Mary (Boston) Wilhelm, both natives of the same State. Lewis Wilhelm, the father of John, was also born in North Carolina, and his wife, Margaret, was of (ierman descent. John AVilhelm was a carpenter by trade, and also fol- lowed agricultural pursuits on a farm he owned in North Carolina until he sold out and came to Illi- nois. He made the journey by wagon and was on the road six weeks and two days, camping and cooking by the waj'. He crossed the Ohio River at Golconda in Pope County, and reached Illi- nois May 13, 1841. On the land lie purchased in Cache Townsliip, Johnson Count}', he continued to reside until his death, February 10, 1868. David F. AVilhelm received his education in North Carolina, and as the schools at that time in his native State were very similar to those in southern Illinois at the same time, his opportun- ities for securing a good education were extremely limited. He remained at home until he was twenty-two years old, when he took charge of the home farm. This place he finally purchased and has since then added other tracts to it, until at the present time lie owns six hundred acres, two hun- dred and eighty acres in the home farm, and three hundred and twenty .acres in another tract, but all in Johnson County. December 6, 1860, Mr. AVilhelm married Sarah E. Beggs, who was born in Union County, 111., October 30, 1839. Her father was a native of Ill- inois and her mother of North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Wilhelm have had four t^hildrcn: Martha J.. who married M. Bruensand resides in Union Coun- ty, 111.; Permitta Ann, deceased; Sarah E., who mar- ried Lee Moak and resides in Johnson County; and David T., who is married and also lives in Johnson County. Mi-s. Wilhelm is a member of the Baptist Church, while Mr. Whilhelm is identi- fied with the Luthersin Church. In his social con- nections he is a member of Belknap Lodge No. 822, A. F. k A. M. Politically he adheres to the platform adopted by the Hepublican party. He is one of the best and most successful farmers of the county and has the best of improvements on his farm. *5 K!i ' — *^> S "jf] AMES L. GLASS, general manager of the Me- tropolis Heading Factory, Massac County, which was established in 1888, and which is the largest factory of the kind in the State, is a son of T. V. Glass, who was born in Hopkins- ville, Ky., but who removed from Hopkinsville and engaged in general merchandising in con- nection with Col. Brown for three years and then removed to Paducah, Ky., and engaged in the hardware business, in company with William Nolan. He continued in this business ten years, when the coming on of the war interfered with busi- ness and he went into the Columbia mines, lead and zinc. He made a success of the mining business and accumulated a considerable amount of money, and died in Golconda, 111. He was married in Paducah to Kittle Nolan, a native of that citj', who died in 1891, after marrying Col. Brown. To T. V. Glass she bore three children: William N., of San Francisco, Cal.; Katie, deceased, wife of C. J. Morton, who is now living in Nashville, Tenn.; and James L., the latter of whom was born in Paducah, Ky., February 20, 1863, and was educated in the common schools of Paducah until he was fourteen years old, about which time his father died, and he afterward had to m.ake a living for himself. Our subject began life as a messenger in a tele- graph ortice, remaining thus engaged one year at PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 549 ^4 per montli. lie then clerked iu a dr.v-g(K)ds store for seven ^ears, when he removed to Metrop- (ili« and engaged in the insurance business, the firm heing W. R. Brown it Co. He still retains ilie fire insurance agency and in 1888 accepted the position whidi he now liolds, that of general m.in- ager of tlie Jletropolis Heading Factor^'. It is due to Mr. Glass to s.ay tliat tiie success of tliis great institution is mainly owing to his management. It has an output of sixty thousand heads [)er month, its principal shipping points being St. Louis; Nash- ville, Tenn.; Minneapolis, Minn.; Erie, Pa.; Louis- ville, Ky.; and Columbia, Tenn. Air. Glass was married in 1886 to Alice IJrown, daughter of Col. W. K. Brown, and who was born in Metropolis. Politically our subject is a Repub- lican, and from the above brief outlines of his career, it is evident that it is wholly owing to his own efforts that he has met with the success which marks him as a competent business man. He has had the entire management of the business of the company, and has built it up to what it is to-day. Mr. Glass is a great dog fancier, and has the finest dogs in the .State, consisting of St. Bernards and Italian liounds. He is a genial and whole-souled gcntli'inan, and is highly popular wherever he is known. "*****^^'+**+F IIILIP A. CHAIC. of the firm of Craig liii) witli A. N. Starkcs, under the firm name of A. Js'. Stai'kes & Co. Mr. Norris as- sumed the maiiagomenl of tlie business of the con- solidated jjaper, and Mr. Starlics of tlie editorial de- partment. Tiieir paper is a weoivly publication de- voted to the interests of the Republican party. Mr. Norris was married on the 27tii of Novem- ber, IH'JX, to Lizzie Lulcens, who was born in Massac County, and who is the daughter of Charles F. Lukens. Mr. Norris is a member of tlie order of Chosen Friends, Lodge No. 86, I. (). O. F., and of Egyptian Encampment No. 15, of Canton Me- tropolis No. 67, and of Orestes Lodge No. 268, K. P. He is a Republican in politics, and was ap- pointed Postmaster at Metropolis November 19, 1892. r^HOMAS L. OGLESBY, proprietor of the Oglesby House, at Belknap, was born in ^' England, April 22, 1839. He is a son of Joseph and Sarah A. (Dennis) Oglesby, natives of Norfolk County, England. Joseph H. Oglesby owned a farm of one hundred acres in the county of his birth. After his death his widow sold the farm and started to the United States with her family of six children, but died while on the sea. The year after her demise the children all died with the exception of Thomas L. and liis brothers Joseph and John. Thomas L. started out in life nearl}' empty- handed, as sickness caused the loss of almost all the property brought to this country. At the age of twelve years he hired out to work for one year at $10 per month, and during the year he saved llOO, having spent but ^20 in that time. In the fall of 1851 he went to Missouri, and learned the miller's trade at Cape Girardeau, remaining there until 1857, when he went to St. Louisand followed mill- ing until 1858. In the meantime he had learned engineering, and in that year he quit nulling and took a position on a packet called the ''Northerner." He served on several different boats, and was en- gineer on the "Ben Louis," which exploded at Cairo in the summer of 1859, at which time sev- eral on board were killed, including the captain and second engineer, and many others were wounded. Mr. Oglesby escaped uninjured, after bfing in the water an hour and a-half. Having continued to follow engineering until the breaking out of the war, our subject enlisted in the Missouri State Militia, and afterward in the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Senior Tennessee Regiment, which had been organized during the Mexican War. He served in this regiment until the battle of Perryville, and was taken prisoner in September, 1862. He was taken from the battle- field to Louisville, then to Cairo, and to different places, and was then started for Alton penitentiary, but managed to escape at Necley's Landing, and at length reached Illinois. Locating at Jonesbor- ougli in 1863, he there engaged in the milling business for about one year. From that town he went to Dongola, and followed milling for about three 3ears. He continued in the same line of business at different places, owning different mills, and was in partnership with his father-in-law in the mill at Dongola some time. At length he bought an interest in a sawmill in Jackson Countj', which ho sold after operating about six months. On his return to Dongola he again bought the old mill there, which he ran about three years, and then sold. He next bought an interest in still an- other mill, but sold that the same year. In the spring of 1879 Jlr. Ogles bj' opened agro- eery store and boarding-house in Belknap, and in process of time added to his store different branches, until he finally ran a general store, and dealt iu farming implements and coal. In 1892 he sold his grocery and drj'-goods departments, and now deals in hardware, agricultural implements and coal. He is also the proprietor of the Oglesby House, the best hotel in the village. Mrs. Oglesby conducts a millineiy business. Mr. Oglesby is one of the leading citizens of Belknap, and is a thorough business man. He was married August 10, 1864, to Naomi Davis, a native of Union County, 111. The}' have had two children: Lavender W., who was born December 25, 1866, and died October 3, 1892; and Joiiii Dennis, who w.as born October 18, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 551 1870, and is now in a grocery house in Cliieago. Mr. and Mrs. Oglesby are meinhei-s of the Congre- gational Cluircli. Politically, he is a Democrat, and in his social connections is identified with Belknap Lodge Xo. 251, I. (). (J. F., and \'ienna Kncanipment No. 53. m^-^ Lindsay. This good lady [)assed away about fourteen years ago. In be- ginning life the father of our subject rented land, but finally entered fort}' acres in the woods of I'ike County, Ind. Building a log cabin he moved into it and improved the pl.aceand working hard struggled with the privations and experiences incidental to pioneer life. After a time selling out, he removed to Taylorville, Ind., buying land where the town of Selvin stands. He platted out lots and made money, dying there in comfortable circumstances in 1879. James F. Clark was until the Civil War a Dem- ocrat, but at that period of national existence be- came a firm Republican. He and his estimable wife were both members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church and active in all good work. They were the parents of one child, Mary, now deceased; but by his first marri.age Father Clark had eleven sons and daughters. Elizabeth, the eldest born, is deceased; Martha is also dead; AVilliam was killed while serving in the army in North Carolina; Ben- jamin F. is our subject; Amanda is deceased; Ann is the wife of Samuel Lindsa}', a prosperous farmer, near New Columbia, Massac County; Lucinda, the twin sister of Ann, is deceased; James H. lives in Oklahoma; Conrad L. is deceased; Charlotte is the wife of Louis Schell, of Bloomfield, HI.; and Peggy, thej-oungestof the first famil}', is deceased. Our subject, the fourth child of the first union, was liorn in Pike County, Ind., February 6, 1811. Like his father he was raised upon a farm and self-reli- antly earned his daily bread, in boyhood attending the nearest district schools when he could be spared from agricultural duties. When only eighteen years of age he married Miss Lucinda Hunsaker, born in Indiana but of German ancestry. She sur- vived her marriage a brief time, dying in 18G5. Mr. Clark was .again married, February 14, 1867, to Miss Ellen lilack, of Indiana, who died in 1872. Some seventeen years ago our sul)ject for the third time took unto himself a wife, then being united in marriage upon October 25 with Miss Laura Day, his present helpmate and companion. The one child of the first marriage is William E., a successful Massac Count}' farmer. The two daughters of the second union, Ellen .Land Minnie O., are both deceased. Four little ones blessed the present marriage of Mr. Clark, of whom James, the eldest-born, is at home. Ida M. and Freddie A. are deceased. The 3'oungest died in infancy. Beginning life for himself wiiile yet only a mere boy, our subject had no capital except his stout self-reliance and willing heart and read}' hands. Renting some land of his father, he tilled the fertile soil until the breaking out of the Civil War, when with ardent patriotism he enlisted in Company I, Forty-second Indiana Infantry, and for three years, ten months and fifteen days gave to his country efficient and courageous service. Gallantly participating in numerous engagements Mr. Clark took an active part in the battles of Chickamauga,8toncRiver, Atlanta, Lookout Moun- tain, Mission Ridge, and BentonviUe, N. C, was present in all the fights of the Atlanta campaign, and passing through the Carolinas, marched with Sherman to the sea. After severe service and being three times wounded, although not seriousl}', our subject participated in the Grand Review at Washington, and having been honor.abl}' discharged from the army returned home with impaired health. After recuperating Mr. Clark farmed for a brief period and then engaged in mercantile busi- ness in Selvin, Ind., where he remained six j-ears. He had previously clerked in the store of his father and w.as accustomed to handling dry goods and groceries, and being especially successful in mer- chandising was tempted to try the tobacco business, in which he sunk considerable money. Our subject next made his home in Johnson Count}', Kan., thence moving to Jackson County, Mo., where he practiced medicine for a year, and then returning to Indiana, again resumed farming. His medical knowledge had been obtained by close study and the advice of relatives who were doctors. Mr. Clark also engiiged in the milling business in Indiana and there ran a fiourmill two years, and later became a fruit-grower. Eight years PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 553 ago last November, he made his permanent home in Massac County, where he bought a large farm four- teen miles from Metropolis and improved the place; he also bought another piece of farming propert3' which he j'ct owns. November 15, 1892, he re- moved to the town of Metropolis, where he is agent for a wholesale grocery house in St. Louis, Mo., and also manages Clark's Gold and Cocoa Institute for the cure of alcoholism, or the opium or tobacco habit. Mr. Clark is an enthusiastic fruit-grower and takes a leading place among the farmers of the county. He is a member of the Jlissionary Baptist Church, Vice-president of the precinct wiiere he lives, and has been Superintendent of the Sunday- school in the vieinit\- of his home. Politically, he is a Republican, is a member of the Independent Order of Odd P'ellows, and is Past Commander of J. B. Smith Post No. 651, G. A. R. Ul f *^^ODSON S. M< CUAN was born in Lime- \jj// stone County, Ala., May 2, 1828. He is V5^ a son of John and Lizzie (Wickham) Mc- Cuan. The father of .lohn McCuan came from Ireland to the United States at an early daj'. John McCuan removed from Alabama to Kentucky, and there reared his family of seven children. He purchased (iovcrnment land at 4^1.25 per acre and resided u|)on it until his death. Woodson S. Mc- Cuan remained at home until nineteen years of age, having received but little education, as there were no free schools in his native State at that time. Besides this he would not have been able to attend if there had been, as his father died when he was but eight years old and he had to work liard to assist his mother in supporting thefamil3-. At the age of nineteen he married Minerva Wood- burn, a native of Tennessee, whose parents were natives of North Carolina. He built a house near the old home and still continued to run the farm. He remained on the old place until 18(iO, when he went to Arkansas, remaining there for about one j'ear, and then, as his political principles were not the same as those of the majority- of the people of that State, he had to leave. He then came to Illi- nois and settled in Johnson Count}' in 1861, and in August, 1862, he enlisted in Companj- K, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, remain- ing until the close of the war, when he was honor- ably discharged at Camp Butler. September 13, 1865. He was at the siege of Yicksburg, in the battle of Gun town, and in the fight at East Port, on the Tennessee, and was an active and true- hearted soldier all through the war. Our subject's wife died October 14, 1862, and he afterward married Amanda Cornish, who was born in North Carolina February 8, 1850. He has fifteen children living: Charlotta A., Henry M., Lizzie B., Sarah, Leaffy and Woodson S., Jr., all of whom were by the first wife; and by the second, Sophronia E., John, Alice, James, Dallas, Mattie, Thomas, Granville and Frederick. He has recently purchased one hundred and twenty-three and a-half acres of land in Po|)c County, eightj-- three and a-half acres of which are on section 12, and forty acres on section 4. This land is five miles southeast of Ozark, and he expects to make that farm his home in the future. In his religious views he is liberal, and he always votes the Repub- lican ticket. n ATllAN SlllCK, owner and manager of the Metropolis Pottery, a business which was established in 1867 l)y John Kirki)atrick! is a son of Henry Shick, who was born in Chester County, Pa. The latter was a farmer all his life, and died in Chester County in 1878, at the age of eighty-five j'ears and three months. He was mar- ried to Susan Brown, and they lived together fift3--six 3'ears, celebrating their fiftieth anniver- sary in 1873. She died M.iy 31, 1800. To their marriage were born eight children. Cvrus. who was a molder by trade, and ca?ne to Illinois in 554 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 1855, lost his life bv the .Tohnstown, Pa., flood. Josiah, a soldier in the Army of tlie Potomac, served three years, and died from tlie effects of exposure. William II. is manager of an iron foundry in Reading, Pa.; Nathan is ne.\t in order of birth; Mary is the wife of the Rev. J. G. Sands, of ISunbury, Pa.; Elizabeth is the wife of Henry (Tirard, a prominent citizen of Reading, Pa.; Au- gustus W. is a miller by trade, living two miles from Port Clinton, Pa.; and Thomas M. is engaged in the lime business at Anna, III. Nathan Shick was born in Chester County, Pa., March 23, 1837, and w.as brought up on the farm, receiving but a limited education in the common schools. In 1860 he went to Union County, III., with the view of working at anything he could find to do. His first work was that of driving oxen, unloading ice, etc. This was about the time limekilns were started by his brother, and he worked about the kilns and thus soon learned the business. He was foreman there for eight years, and then spent some time on a seven- acre fruit farm near town, raising small fruits, berries, etc. He then engaged in contracting and in quarrying stone for buildings, and was so suc- cessful that he soon accumulated a little money. This money he used mostly in the purchase of real estate at high prices, and the subsequent shrinkage in values left him again a poor man, and when he removed to Metropolis it was with little of this world's goods in his name or in his possession. He purchased the potteiy plant in connection with Mr. Slater, his father-in-law, and, though having but little knowledge of the busi- ness, he went to work with a will and soon gained a practical knowledge of it, which has enabled him to make it a success. The great necessity was the proper kind of clay, and this he was so for- tunate as to find, since which time the plant has been a complete success. It has also been much enlarged, and the business has grown exceedingly. Mr. Slater died in 1879, and since that time Mr. Shick has been sole proprietor and manager. In addition to the ware he makes, he also makes an excellent quality of firebrick, and has commenced the manufacture of drain-tiling. He was inairied in 1861 to Miss Marv ^'ance, dauiihter of Cant. Vance, of Cincinnati, Ohio, but she lived only nine months after her marriage. Mr. Shick wiis again married, taking for his wife Lelia Slater, by whom he has had seven chil- dren: Clifford, deceased; Stanton M., a printer in the office of the Republican, of St. Louis, Mo.; Henry and Nathan, at home; Ada, in Pennsyl- vania; and Alfred and Cyrus, at home. Politically, Mr. Shick is a Prohibitionist, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow. Keligiously, he has been a Methodist for thirty-seven years. He takes a great interest and active part in the work of the church with which he is connected, having been Trustee, Steward, Class-leader, etc. He is also a zealous worker in the Sunday-school, and has been its Superintendent a considerable portion of the time since he removed to Metropolis. He has led a very useful life, and is very highly esteemed by the entire community. 3l©^tl^l^^ JCHEY D. PEELER. Throughout .Johnson County there is doubtless no farm upon which more substantial improvements have ))^. been placed, than upon the pleasant home of Mr. Peeler in Cache Township. He was born in North Carolina, May 17, 1842, and is a son of .Jacob 11. iind Margaret (Richey) Peeler, both of North Carolina. Jacob R. Peeler came to Illinois in 1848, and for several years rented land and raised tobacco, by which means he acquired monej' enough to buj' a farm. In 1852 he purchased land in Cache Townshij), .Johnson Countj-. He after- ward sold this farm and purch.ased land nearDon- gola. Union County, upon which he passed the rest of his life. Richey D. Peeler remained at home until he was twenty-five years of age, when he began farming for himself on sixty-three acres of land, which he had purchased of his father, and had paid for in work. He has since purchased more land, and now has a farm of two hundred and twenty-two acres, which he has .acquired by industry and persever- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 555 ancc. He was married June 1, 1871, to Arnaiida Burns, who was born in Washington County, 111. Mr. and Jlrs. Peeler have seven children living, viz: Otto D., Lena L, Cora M., Alta, Flora, Flo\d anart of the Territory and used to distribute the laws, as was then customaiy. He was noted for his wit and projjensity for joking, as well as for his portly form. .■)56 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPmCAL REVIEW. John Whiteside was married to Eupha D. Shearer, who bore him thirteen ciiikhen, four sons and nine daughters. One dangiiter died in infancy. James, the second ciiild and first son, died in Feb- ruary, 1878, at tlie age of sixty-three, lie was a wealthy farmer and reared four children, and died at his farm home, leaving an estate worth some $25,000. Mary, the first cliild, died about 1859, leaving a family of ten children. Elizabeth, wife of Henry Hose, died in 1870, leaving eleven chil- dren. David, the father of John G. Whiteside, is a retired farmer of Glendale and is seventy-two years of age. His wife is seventy. They have three children living, viz: John G.; India E., widow of Green Waters, and who has sis children; and Amanda C, wife of Dr. Sutherland, of Creal Springs. They have buried one infant son. Ma- tilda, wife of Armstrong Grissom, died about the same time as her husband died, in 1868, leaving seven children. John S., a farmer of Johnson County, died in 1888, aged about sixtj'-four years, leaving a large family. India E. is the wife of Lewis Lavender, well known as the Sheriff of Hardin County. William died in June, 1889, aged about sixty, leaving a wife and five children. Sidney died in February, 1859, leaving a husband and tliree children. Adeline, a maiden lady, lives with her sister, Mrs. Lavender. Margaret wife of Dr. McGinnis, of Hardin County. Catherine, wife of Stephen Hol^bs, of Hardin County, has three daughters and one son. John G. Whiteside was reared a farmer boy and had but a nominal school education. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in Comp.any F, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, under Capt. D. N. Baker. He served as a private soldier one j'ear and was blown up in Mobile, August 25, 1865. He was in the upper story of a two-story brick building with two comrades, Reuben H. Chrisman and George F. Applin. All three escajied death, while others around them were killed. All tliree were, however, seriously injured. He was in but two engagements in Alabama, and was discharged in June, 1865, in ]S'ew Orleans. Returning from the war, he re- mained at home until he was twenty-six years old, when he was married to Margaret E. Gilbert, of I'ope Count}^ They have all their children liv- ing, four sons and four daughters, viz: William H., twenty-one years old, married and a school teacher; Orela C, wife of N. H. Holloway, a teacher; Minerva E., a young lady seventeen jears old; Phillip I)., a youth fourteen years old; Essie E., twelve; Harry C, ten; India C, six; and Elbert R., three. Mr. Whiteside has thus far given his children the best opportunities within his reach for securing a good education, and they are all bright and studious children. He is a Master Mason, and is a Republican, having been Post- master at Eddyville four years under President Harrison. Ho has been a farmer ever since the war and has served as Justice of the Peace four- teen years. \ \fi OSllUA ELKINS, one of the most successful citizens of Johnson County, III., was born on a farm two and a-half miles from his present abode June 1, 1818. His father, William Elkins, was born in Georgia, and his father, John Elkins, was born in Wales. Upon emigrating to the United States he at first located in Georgia, but in 1809 he removed to what was then the Territory of Illinois, and thus became one of the first settlers in Johnson County. He secured quite a large tract of Government land upon which he resided a few 3'ears, and then re- moved to Arkansas, settled near Little Rock, and lived there the remainder of his days. AVilliam Elkins was a boy in his teens when his parents re- moved to Illinois. A number of families carae to this Territory at the same time. Two years later earthquake shocks were felt here, and a number of these families becoming alarmed, left for other parts of the country. At that time Illinois was for the most i)art uninhabited except by Indians, and all the land was owned bj' the Government. William Elkins' father had, as has been stated already, secured a large tract of Government land, and of this tract when William was married his father gave him a liberal jjortion. Upon the farm PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL REVIEW. thus obtained lie erected a log cabin, and in this cabin Joshna Elkins was born. AVilliam Elkins cleared up his farm, and lived upon it until his death, which occurred when he was seventy-one years old. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah Graves. She was born in Kentucky, and died on the liome farm, in P^lvira Township. She reared six children. .Joshua l-^lkins was reared in his native township, and lived with his parents until within one year of his marriage, when he started out in life for himself, "even with the world." He married when he was twentj-one years old and settled on a tract of land, and began housekeeping in a log cabin with a dirt floor. His mother and an aunt gave him a few articles of household furniture, and he bought a bill of goods at the store, costing *!7, for which he got trusted. Thus with no capital, and in debt, be be- gan his married life. He worked out by the day and b\' the week to earn money enough to buj^ provisions, and put in all his spare time improv- ing his own land. He held this land as a claim until 1844. before he had monej' enough saved up to pay for it at ^1.25 per acre. From that time on he purchased other lands, until at the present time he owns upward of eighteen hundred acres, all in .Tohnson County. He was married Decem- ber 17, 1830, to Aquilla Gurley, a native of Tenn- essee, and a daughter of Anson and Mary (Wiggs) Gurley. Mr. and Sirs. Elkins have three children: Willis, .Jackson C. and Newton. They are both members of the Missionary IJaptist Church, and Mr. I'^lkins is a Republican in politics. I-^H-^ I 'M ^OHN NINVAUD was one of the prominent men of Hardin County', and one of the most active and earnest men in building up the interests of the community in which he resided. His father. IJaniel A'inyard, came from Virginia to what is now the State of Illinois about 1817. He settled in Hardin Conntj- when the country was very new, and as one of the first of the pioneers of the county he experienced all the privations and hardships of pioneer life, as well as its peculiar pleasures, for it should not be con- siderered that the pioneers of tlie early daj' saw nothing but trials and troubles. While schools and churches were few and far between and social and business intercourse was carried on under peculiar difliculties, yet there were compensations for these hard conditions in the closer and warmer friendships and the ever-ready helpfulness that are, perhaps, not now experienced to anything like the same degree. Daniel Vin3'ard performed his full share of the work which developed the countr}- and contributed to the progress which he witnessed later on, and of which his and the descendants of other pioneers are now reaping the benefit. While he was well educated in liis youth, yet he acquired sufficient practical knowledge to carr}' him success- fullj' through the world, and he had a strong will and a detennination to succeed in life and to make for himself and family a home in the wilderness which were never conquered or daunted. After many years of hard work he died in Hardin County, leaving no great amount of money, but leavin" what is of far more value, an unspotted reputation. John Vinyard was born August 4, 1817, and was brought up on the farm. liarly in life he formed habits of industry-, which have been of the greatest benelit to him through life. His educa- tional advantages, like those of his father, were of the most limited nature, and the knowledge he obtained was not so much in the schools as in the every-day experience of life and by his own private reading, studj' and observance. He was married February 24, 1839, to liliza Shell, who was born in Tennessee October 10, 1821. Her fa- ther, Solomon Shell, came to Illinois at an early day and settled in Ilardin County on unimproved land, building a log house and improving a farm. After his marriage John Vinyard bought some land in Ilardin County, which was to some extent improved. He and his wife moved onto this land and began their married life in earnest. They had at first a log liouse of one room, the cooking being all done in the old-style fireplace. The home, however, was a happy one, notwithstanding the primitive condition of things, for it has been -.58 roin'KAIT AND BIOCHAIMIICAL REVIEW. llie exporii'iice of many !i family that wealth and elegance of surroundinfjs arc not neeessary to, and do not insure, happiness in this world. Uy indus- try they succeeded in a few years in iini)roving their farm, in building additions to the bou.se and in adding to the number of their acres until they had one of the best farms and most comfortable homes in the county. Our subject was a good and successful farmer, and while his labors were not confined to the farm, it was never neglected. He was a man of natural and varied abilit3', and was alwa^'s serving the community in general and benefiting his neigh- t)ors. He was never an idle man, and when notat work he was engaged in reading, thus improving his mind and increasing his knowledge. His study was so successful that he received a certificate from the State Board of Health authorizing him to practice medicine, and he followed the practice of medicine until the time of his death. He was also a minister in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and took great interest in religious affairs while he lived. He was instrumental in organiz- ing a church of that denomination, the meeting being held and the organization effected in his house, which was always open for religious meet- ings, and m.any a service, long to be remembered, was held therein. AVhen he died, the church which lie had organized lost its ma,in support. The com- munity in which he lived lost at the same time a man who was friendly to the needy and to all worth}' enterprises. His widow still lives on the old homestead, which has been her home from the time of her marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. \'inyard there were born twelve children, seven of whom are now living: .lames, who is a merchant of Springfield, Mo.; Mary K., wife of Matthew Jenkins, a farmer of I'ope County, 111.; Martha A., wife of .John Hub- bard, a farmer of Hardin County, 111.; William H., a farmer; .losie, wife of Frank Fowler; Alice, widow of John Hamilton; and Charles, a farmer. The names of those w-ho have died were as follows: Sarah J., Thom.is, Maria, Indiana and Louisiana. Mr. Vinyard was i)rominent not alone in church and school affairs, but also in civic matters and all things pertaining to good order and whatever was beneficial to the community. He, however, never aspired to oHice, but was always a good counselor, and a man in whom the community had the greatest confidence. While he preferred the polity and faith of the church with which he was connected, yet he was friendly to all denomin.a- tions, and ctmid and did gii^et tlicm all as bretiiren in Christ. ^M\ C. MAY, the genial, enterprising and 1O//II popular landlord and proprietor of the "May House," located in Metropolis, Mas- .sac County, III., is one of the best known and most highly respected citizens in this part of the State, and keeps a hotel which offers to the local and traveling public an excellent table and superior accommodations, rivaling the comforts of home. His father and mother, Holden and Jane (Palmer) May, came from their early home, Tenn- essee, to Massac Count>-, more than fifty-five years ago. Settling in the woods the}- "squatted" on Government land, and in a sparsely settled region, far from schools, churches and neighbors, built a humble log cabin and, clearing a farm, entered with spirit and zest into the frontier life of those pioneer days. The father never cared to own property, but later one of his sons entered land. Forty-two years ago Holden Mjiy passed awaj' in Massac County, and his good wife surviving, died some sixteen years since. The father was an ar- dent advocate of the principles of true Democracy and was a thoroughly upright man of sterling in- tegrity of char.acter, regarded witii esteem and confidence by all who knew him. Fourteen children gatiiered in the parental homestead, of whom Ellender is the wife of Solo- mon Blackwell; (^ueen T.. Dr.acilla and William K. are deceased; .lohn W. is a Massac County farmer; Oreenberry, Susanna, Jane, Lucinda, Hol- den M. and James Martin Van Buren are de- ceased; Abr.ani C. is our subject; Terrill is de- ceased; and Solomon is a prosperous agriculturist. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 559 Our subject, the twelfth child of the sturd}' pio- neers, Holden and Jane Maj', was early trained into farming duties, and remained throughout his early youth upon the homestead five miles from Metropolis, where he was born November 24, 1842. As soon as his boyish strength would permit, he split rails, grubbed out timber and cleared ground, meantime obtaining a little book knowledge, nia- tcriall}' increased after his marriage. lie assisted his father until nine 3-ears of age, afterward work- ing for a brother, and when but nineteen married Miss Louisa Gregory, daughter of Ural Gregory. This estimable lady died nearly thirty years ago, and Abram C. May later married Mi-s. Martha Wantland,HeeSisk. She had one child by a former marriage. Mr. May has two children by his first niarri.ige: Henry M., now a Massac County farmer; and JIartha Jane, wife of Louis Hanna, of Me- tropolis. Five children blessed the union of our subject and his second wife: EUender; Celia C.,wife of A. Parker, a farmer of East Prairie, Mo.; Susan Dru- cilla, now Jlrs. Ililliard; (ieorge and Ida, who died in infancy. Immediately following his first mar- riage. Mr. May improved some land owned b}- his wife and bought eight}- acres in addition, part of the land lying in Pope and part in Massac County. He remained four years upon this farm, which he kept intact for the children of the first wife, but thej- subsequently sold it. Later removing to an- other farm belonging to his present wife, our sub- ject improved the property, built a good house, put out an orchard and tilled the land, after an eighteen-years residence selling the same for ^;i,OoO cash. In 1879 Mr. May bought a corner lot in Jle- tropolis, improved it a little, and having paid 12,400 for the same, afterward sold it for ^3,300. Encouraged by his former investments, our sub- ject then bought some lots, erected four houses, three dwellings and a store, subsequently buying more real estate and building other houses, one of which, containing goods, was destroyed by fire, and was a total loss, even the ij^GOO insurance not being paid. Mr. May at once moved across the street, and working harder than ever, built upon one liundred feet a solid brick structure, which cost 31 $4,800, and which he sold for $4,000 cash and sixty-six acres in Johnson Count}', included in the town of Grantsburg. He afterward had a hotel and boarding-house at New Grantsburg, which, when he had run it eight months, was burned out and was a complete loss, no insurance being recov- ered. Mr. Ma}- next returned to the sixty -six acres at Old Grantsburg, and after raising one crop on the place, traded it for the property where he now lives, and which he lias improved, meantime buying, clearing and selling various farms. The land of his present residence is almost enlirel}' covered with substantial and attractive buildings, and liere our subject conducts one of the best hotels in Massac County, the Mav House having an enviable re- cord as a house of entertainment, and enjoying an excellent custom, constantly increasing. Frater- nally, Mr. Ma}- is an Odd Fellow, and he and his good wife are both worthy members of the Chris- tian Church, and arc ever ready to give a helping hand in social and benevolent enterprise. Form- erly a Democrat, our subject is now an advocate of the Republican party. An able, energetic and enterprising man of true cour.age and indomitable will, he has overcome all dillicultics and adver- sities, and won success and a competence. Mr. May is, in fact, a representative, liberal-spirited and progressive American citizen, who knows no such word as fail, and with genuine "grit," a na- tional characteristic, tries again and again until he grasps victory. •^^=^>-^<-^^- ElLIJAH C. WEEKLY is the owner of one of the finest farms of liis precinct, and has Ij spared no expense or trouble in draining and improving his place and in tiie erection of excellent farm buildings and fences. He was born in Hendricks County, Iiid., in 1847, of wliich place his father, Thomas C. Weekly, was also a native, his birth occurring April 23, 1821. In November, 1846, he was married in Hendricks 560 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. County, Ind., to Miss Cordelia Diarrnaii, a native of the Hlue Grass SUite, and daiiglilcr of I'eter Diarinan. 'riiomas Weekly gave liis attention to fainiing tlirounliout life, and in 184H moved to Iowa, where he made his liome on a tract of Gov- .ernmcnt land. He was aecidentally drowned July 11, 185(l,attheageof thirty years, leaving his widow with two sons and one daughter to care for: Elijah; Mary J., who married Charles IJrown, and died in Pope County about 1875; and Simon P., who died in October, 1881, at thirtj'-one years of age, leav- ing a family. After the death of her husband the mother with her little famil}' of children returned to Indiana and later was there married to .James Jones, by whom she reared one daughter, now the wife of T. J. Ewell, a farmer of Pope County. The mother died in this county in 1803, aged forty years. Elijah C. Weekly is the only survivor of his parents' children, and until he was sixteen years of age he made his home with his mother. In Ma}', 1861, when in his seventeenth jear, he enlisted at Golconda, in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantr}', and after remaining with his regiment for five months was honorably discharged. He immediately re-enlisted in the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, Company G, remained with that regiment eight months, and on the 5th of November, 1865, was mustered out, not having been in a battle. His health was considerably shat- tered by hardships and exposure and he has never since been very robust. He returned to the home of his stepfather, but later made his home with Charles Brown, his brother-in-law. Our subject was married March 4, 1869, to Cyn- thia M. Gullett, a daughter of John and Isabel (Thompson) Gullett, both natives of the Keystone State. Mrs. Weekly was born in Pope County, April 20, 1851, and soon after their marriage they began life together on their present farm, which at that time consisted of sixty acres, which they rented for two years and then purchased the property for $500. Mr. Weekly has from time to time added to his acreage until he now has a fine tract of three hundred acres, one hundred acres being cleared, and another farm of eighty-one acres three miles northeast, which is occupied by a tenant. He is engaged in general farming and is considered one of the thorough and intelligent agriculturists of the county. He knows the value of frequent seed ingof his land to timothy and cloverand also grows a variety of crops. His stock comprises horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, of which he markets some each year. He sold one hog this year (1893) that weighed seven hundred pounds, his other swine and cattle that he disposed of netting him about $300. He has a good apple orchard of five acres and usually has an abundance of fruit. His children are as follows: Ida M., wife of John R. Cummings, who is engaged in tilling the soil in the vicinity of her old home; Rosa J., an intel- ligent young lady at home with her parents; Sophia L., who is now in her seventeenth year and is attending school; Lj'raan, a j'outh of fourteen j'ears; James F., in his twelfth year; Harrington C, aged eleven; Ulysses, nine; Margaret J., seven; Bertha, five; and Laura, an infant. His daughter Cordelia died September 18, 1875. He has given his children good educational advantages, for he knows the worth of a good education, his own school days having been very limited, although he obtained a fair knowledge of the "three R's." Mr. AVeekly has always been a Republican and has held the oftice of Constable in his precinct con- tinuously since 1877. He is a member of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows and of Golconda Post, G. A. R. He is one of the thrifty farmers of his section and is respected b}' all who know him. ,|/_^ ON. WILLIAM R. PROAVN, of the firm of If )l Brown it Bruner, bankers, of Metropolis, i^^i<^' 111-, was born in Louisville, Ky., in Jan- (^^ uarj% 1832. His father, William Brown, was born in Baltimore, Md., and his grandfather, Robert Brown, was born in England. When a young man Robert Brown fought a duel and killed his opponent. Previous to leaving his na- tive land he was engaged to a Miss Iloag She PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 561 followed him to America and they were married in Baltimore, and spent their lives in that city. Tiiey had three children and reared them all. William Brown, the father of lion. William R. lirown, was an only son. He was but six j'eai-s old when his parents died, and he was reared and e:ired for by his elder sister. After attaining to luanliood he went to Alexandria, Va., where he worked at his trade. He afterward went to Georgetown, 1). C. He served in the AVar of 1812, taking part in the battle of Bladenslmrg. His wife, then living in Georgetown, witnessed the burning of the Capitol. In 1816, accompanied by his wife, with a pair of horses and a wagon, he started Westward, and made an overland journey to Zanesville, Ohio. Remaining there a short time he bought a keel-boat and started down the Ohio Uiver, and landed at the present site of Cin- cinnati, intending to make a settlement at that place. He jumped from the keel-boat to land, and unfortunatel3- struck a soft place on the bank and sank waist deep in mud. Concluding that he did not want to locate in such a place as that, he again started down the river, landing at the falls of the Ohio, Louisville being then unknown. He located at Shippen's Point, now included in the lower part of Louisville, purchased real estate there and established a cooper shop. In this business lie was successful and accumuluted quite a handsome property. In 1832 the Hoods washed away his dwelling-house, as well as many other buildings, and nearl}' ruined him. He then removed to Lou- isville and was successful there in the same busi- ness, remaining thereuntil 1845, when he sold his interests and came to Illinois. Upon coming to this State, our subject's father located at Metropolis, then but a small village. The country around was but sparsely settled, and most of the land was owned b}' the Government and selling for ¥1.2.') per acre. There was but lit- tle money in circulation and the people lived chiefly on what their lands produced and upon wild game. Deer was plentiful and a saddle of venison could be bought for twenty-five cents. Wild turkeys sold for twelve and a-lialf cents each. Corn was worth ten cents per bushel and potatoes iii;lit and a-half cents. Wheat was not raised to any great extent, and good flour was shipped here from Ohio, and sold for il.2o per hundred pounds. The wages of men working on the farm were ^4 per month and board. Mr. Brown, upon arriving at Metropolis, established his cooper shop, employed from thirty to forty men and continued in business until his death in 1859, aged sixty-nine. The maiden name of his wife was Catherine Anderson. She was born in Fairfax County, Va. Her ancestoi-s came from Scotland to America with Lord Fairfax. Her father, John Anderson, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He was born in Virginia, was a farmer and spent his entire life in that State. The maiden name of his wife, grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was Mary Elizabeth Swink, a native of Virginia and of German ances- try. The mother of our subject died at Metrop- lis in 1846. She reared seven of her children: Sarah, John, Elizabeth, George, Alexander, Vir- ginia and William R. William H. Brown began attending school .as soon as large enough, and attended quite steadily in Louisville until the family removed to Metropolis. He returned to Louisville afterward and was in school there one year. When not in school he worked in his father's cooper shop, and learned the trade. Before he was twenty-one he engaged in mercantile business. He was one of the first to espouse the cause of Republicanism in Massac County and was one of the one hundred and twenty-two that voted for Lincoln in 1860. Af- ter Mr. Lincoln's election, and when the clouds of war hung over the countiy, he proposed to other gentlemen that a flag be raised, and in conse- quence a very tall pole was secured and erected and the flag of the Union was swung to the breeze. A few days later the Democrats held a meeting and ap[)ointed a committee to call upon Mr. Brown to ask him to take down the flag. The committee called and made the request, ex- phvining, however, that they had no objection to the flag but were afraid the people of Ken- tucky would consider it a menace. Mr. Brown re- plied that it was not the flag of any part}, but that it wa.s the flag of Kentucky as well as of Illinois, that it was the flag of his country and that the en- 562 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. emy of the (lag was an enemy of his. The flag was not taken down. It swung from the top of tlial pole until it was worn to pieces by its flapping in the wind, and it was then replaced by another. Upon the bieaUing out of the war he enlisted as a private soldier in Company A, Twenty-ninlli Illinois Infantry, under Capt. Carmicliael. At the time of muster he was appointed Quartermaster by (iov. Yates, and forty days afterward he was com- missioned Lieutenant-Colonel and was detailed to assist in raising troops, lie assisted in raising the Sixth Illinois Infantry, the Fourteenth Cav- alry, the Fifty-sixth Illinois and the One Hundred and Thirty-flrst Illinois Infantry. He then took command of the Fifty-sixth Illinois. While he was in the service four of his children died and his wife was taken sick, and in June, 1863, he very reluctantly resigned to come home to his af- flicted family. His resignation was accepted, but as he was in the midst of the Vicksburg campaign he could not get away until the surrender of that stronghold of the rebels. Upon the capitulation of the place he marched into the city at the head of his regiment. He then returned to his home, and for some time was engaged in the manufacture of tobacco, and later in mercantile pursuits. In 1870 our subject formed a partnership with M. Mayfield and established the hank with which he is now connected. This bank is a solid finan- cial institution and has weathered all financial storms. He has been married twice, first in 1851 to Margaret N. Thrift, who was born in Smithland, Ky., and was the daughter of P. O. and Margaret (Ilagey) Thrift. John Ilagej-, grandfather of Mrs. Brown, was born in German^-, went from there to France, where he joined LaFayette and as one of his body guard came with him to America and fought with him through the Revolutionary War. At the time of Gen. LaFayette 's visit to America in 1825, Mr. Hagey walked from Iluntsville, Ala., to Xashville, Tenn., to meet him, and was most warmly greeted by his old commander, who recog- nized him in the crowd. Later Sir. Ilagey re- moved to Nashville, and lived there during the later j-ears of his life. Mrs. Brown's father for some years kept an hotel in Smithland and after- ward in Metropolis. He was also engaged in the grocery business in Metropolis, and in that citj' lived the last years of his life. His wife, the mo- ther of Mrs. ]{rown, was of Scotch ancestry. Mrs. Brown died in 1882, and Mr. Brown in 1885 married Mrs. Kittie (Nolan) Glass, a widow. She was born in Paducah, Ky., and was the daughter of William and Iluldah Nolan. Mr. Brown has seven children living by his first wife: Kittie, Maggie, Alice, Ada, William H., Jr., John T. and Mabel A. Mr. Brown is a member of Tom Smith Post No. 545, G. A. R., and has been a Republican ever since the organization of the party, and has always stood high in Its councils. He has J filled various positions of trust and honor and was I elected to the State Legislature in 1869, and served in four sessions. This was the first meeting of the Legislature after the adoption of the new constitu- tion, and many important matters were considered and acted upon. He served on the Committees on Rivers and Canals, and Education, and was Chair- man of the Library Committee. He served ten or twelve years as a member of the Ohio River Com- mission and was appoinied b}' Gov. P"iftr a dele- gate to the Nicaragua Canal Convention, which met in St. Louis, and was Chairman of the Commit- tee on Credentials. 'i' =^=v y LIVER M. FISHER is a teacher by profes- sion, whose education and personal qualifi- cations give promise of a brilliant career in his chosen field of labor. He is also a practical, skillful farmer, and when not otherwise engaged devotes his time to agricultural pursuits on the old family homestead on section 21, Grantsburg Township. He is a native of Johnson County, and was born January 16, 1861, on the farm that he still makes his home. The father of our subject, Tiiomas C.Fisher, was a native of Tennessee, and a son of Jacob Fisher, who was born in South Carolina in 1784. Thence he removed to North Carolina, from there to Vir- PORTRAIT AM) P.K )( ; KAl'llICAL RKVJKW. 563 ginia, later to Tennessee, and from that State to Illinois in 1850, coming witli team and wagon and bringing otlier personal property witli him. He l)ought a tract of unimproved land on section 28, (Trantsburg Townsliip, built a log shanty for a residence and began to clear his land. At the time of his death in 18()3 he had made many sub- stantial improvements. His widow survived him nine years, and made iier home on the farm until her demise. The grandfatlier was twice married. He and his first wife, whose maiden name was C liarlotte ^ arboroiigh, had nine children: .lohn, who was born in 1806, died in Tennessee in 1884; Rebecca, who was born in 1808, married Moses Helm, in 1828, and died in 1887; Frederick was born in 1810 and died in Missouri; George W. was born in 1812 and lives at ^'erona, Tenn.; James, born in 1814, died in 1848 in Tennessee; Polly, born in 1810, married Hooper Campbell in 1839, and died in Tennessee in 18,")4; Reuben was born in 1818 and died in 1820; and William P., whose birth occur- red m 1820, lives at Milan, Tenn. After the death of his lirst wife, Grandfather Fislier married Nancy G. Helm, who was born in 1805 and died in 1872. The following is the record of their eleven children: Sarah, born in 1825, was married to James Dark, and is now deceased; Martha L., born in 1827, married Edward Owinsb}' in 1847, and is now living in Paris, Tex.; Jacob C. was born in 1829, and died in Illinois in 1870; Thomas C, who was born in 1830, died in Illinois in 1892; Dollie K., born in 1831, married William Alford in 1852, and is now deceased; Alalinda J., born in 1833, married S. C. Rentfro in 1853, and died in 185(>; Franklin A. was born in 1835 and died in Illinois in 1876; Fountain 1'., wliose birth occurred in 1837, is living nearGann- town, III.: Robert AV. was born in 1841; Nancy V. was born in 1844 and died in 1876, unmarried; and Jonathan M., born in 1846, resides at Gann- town. 111. Robert W. was reported to his com- pany (the First Illinois Light Artillery, Company K) as having died in the small-pox hospital at Memphis, Tenn., in 1863, but in 1880 a man passed lludugh .lohnson County claiming to be the same man. From his appearance, as well as what he knew, and all things taken together, he must hare been Robert W. Fisher, but he refused to talk upon the subject when sober and would make no ex- planation of hisconduct when intoxicatd. The cir- cumstances surrounding his supposed death were peculiar, but nobody doubted it until he reap- peared. Thomas Fisher passed his early life on a Ten- nessee farm. As the result of a fall wlien a small l)oy, he afterward had hip disease and s^'novitis, from the effects of wiiich he is a cripple for life. He remained an inmate of the parental home until he was twent^y-one, and meanwhile learned the trade of a blacksmith and wheelwright. He was married in 1851 to Rebecca K., daugliter of James Dark. She was the sixth of eleven children, of whom the following is noted: Isaac, born in 1817, and David, born in 1819, reside near Tyler, Tex.; Benjamin, Jane and Nancy I., are deceased; Re- becca was i.orn in 1827; Susan A., born in 1829, married James G. Helm, and died in 1885; .Sarah K., Mrs. Jacob Fisher, is deceased; Robert J., born in 1835, is living in Nashville, Tenn.; Martha died in 1880; and John residesat Vienna, 111. The father of this family, James Dark, was a .soldier under Gen. Jackson in hie Southern campaign in the War of 1812. He married Martha Gates, and after her death was united in 1827 with Sarah Fisher, by whom he became the father of two chil- dren, John and Martha. In 1866 he returned to T'ennessee, where he died from the effects of an in- jurj' received some years previous. After his marriage, Thomas Fisher migrated from the State of his nativity to Illinois, and first lo- cated on a rented farm in Grantsburg Township. He afterward bougiit ninety-six acres, and with his family moved iiilo the log house on the place. He proceeded to clear away the standing timber, which was a heavy primeval forest growth, and that which he did not use for rails or lumber he had to burn, as there was no market for it. Later, he built a substantial frame house, tiie material for which he manufactured with a whipsaw. He afterward erected the present residence, also a frame house, which stands upon the hill in one of the best locations in the neighborhood. Mr. Fisher was successful, not only .as a farmer, but 564 PORTRAIT AND RIOGRAPIIIC'AL RKVIEW. also as a blacksmith, having a high reputation for ineclianical skill, and people from miles around came to his shop to have work done. He and his estimable wife reared a family of six ciiildren. Ann E., born in 1852, married (leorge W. Howell, and died in 1879, two days after her husband's death; Francis M. was born in 1854, and is now a resident of Ganntown, 111.; Margaret K., horn in 1857, married John W. Howell in 188!) and died in 1892; Martha M. was born in 1859, and is now at home with her mother; Oliver M. was born in 1861; and Robert W., born in 1864, is a resident of Clinton, Iowa. The subject of this biographical review early displayed a taste for scholarly pursuits and was a diligent pupil in the public schools, which he at- tended until he was twenty-one years old, thus obtaining a thorough mastery of the common branches. In 188.'iand 1884 he had the further ad- vantage of a course of study at the Western Ken- tucky University. He entered upon the duties of his profession and taught until 1890, with the ex- ception of one year, when he engaged in the mer- cantile business at Ganntown, having bought a half-interest in a general store. He then en- tered the business college at Oberlin, Ohio, where he pursued an excellent business course and per- fected himself in penmanship. In the spring of 1891 he went to Marinette, AVis., to take charge of a business college at that point, but after two days' work the Sheriff became princi|)al of the col- lege, which was discontinued on account of finan- cial difficulties. Returning home, Mr. Fisher proceeded thence to Washington, where he taught the Empire Busi- ness College at Walla Walla in 1891 and 1892. In October, 1892, he entered the Euclid Avenue Business College at Cleveland, Ohio, where at first he taught in the Elnglish training department and afterward in the business department, which pl.ace he still occupies. He is admirably adapted for the office of a teacher, having the gift of im- parting knowledge clearly and in an interesting manner. He brings a well-trained mind to his work, for which he has an ardent liking, and is endowed with those finer attributes necessary to win the confidence and respect of the pupils en- trusted to his guidruicc in the paths of learning. As before mentioned, lie gives his attention to farming when not engaged in teaching, and makes his home with his mother on tlie farm improved by his father. In politics, he is a firm adherent of Democratic principles and a stanch supporter of the platform of that party. Socially, he is a mem- ber of New Columbia Lodge No. 336. A. F. ^1 1^^ M MLLIAM H. CLARK, a farmer living on section 3, township 13, range 7, cast. Pope County, is a son of Samuel Clark, a native of Virginia, who was brought up on a farm, fol- lowed farming in his native .State, and removed to Tennessee and thence to Alabama. He was twice married, his second union being with Miss ■lane Medcalf. He removed from Alabama by means of an ox-team to Illinois, a distance of four hundred and sixty-one miles, bringing all their household goods and pei-sonal effects, and camping out and cooking by the w.ay. This was, as ma}- be readily imagined, a very tiresome jouriie}-, and tlie wife, disliking to go so far into an entirely new country, remained in Tennessee. Mr. Clark reached Pope Countj' in 18;')2, made his first stop with ason inGolconda, and lived in Poi)e County- until his death, which occurred in 1857, his wife dying in Tennessee. By his first marriage there were two ciiildren, viz: Newton D. and John, both deceased. By his second marriage there were four ciiildren, viz: Lewis M., now living in Yolo County, Cal., at Dunning Station; William H.; India, wife of Reuben Croft, of Alabama; and Reser, who remained in Tennessee with his mother. William II. was the second child by tlie second marriage, and was born in Alabama June 27, 1840. He w.as brought up on a farm and came to Illinois with his father when thirteen years old. Uijon his arrival here, though so young, he started dul in life for himself, working for Caleb Baldwin, a far- mer. He w.as a faithful and trusty boj', and se- cured what little education was possible in the schools that were then in vogue, and thus kept on until the War of the Rebellion broke out, in 1861, wlien he enlisted in Compan}' K, Fifty-sixtli Illi- nois Infantry. He went at first to Shawneetown, and then, in Februar}', 1862, to Paducah, Ky., and thence South to the front. He served until Au- gust 25, I860, when he was discharged, having been a bravo and faitiifnl soldier. He was in nu- merous battles, among them those of Corinth, luka, siege of Mcksburg, Grand Gulf, Black River Bridge, Champion Hills, and various skirmishes, eighteen battles in all, and was on man}" a hotly contested field, the dead falling all around and on all sides of him, he escaping as if by miracle. However, the wear and tear of war and the excite- ment of those fearful da^s undermined his health, and from the effects of the exposure and hardships he never recovered. When he reached home, his health w.as impaired to such an extent tliat for ten months he was unable to do anything, and he lived with a brother. At the end of that time he was so far recovered that he thought it necessary and best for him to think of settling down in life, and be was married to Rosa K. Rawlings, of Virginia, whose parents removed to Mississip|)i, where her father died. Her mother thereupon moved to Golconda. 111. and died there in 1880. 566 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. After his marriage, Mr. Clark leased a farm for ten j'ears and lived on it eleven yrkers. ^; i****^^****!: **+*'^®^^*'i"5"5-F ILLIAM L. BKIDWEI.L, I). 1). S., a prac- tical denlistof Metropolis, 111., is a son of ^^ William Bridwell, a native of Virginia, who removed to Tennessee, where he died. He was a locksmith and gunsmith by trade. He went to Tenn(!ssee when a young man, and there mar- ried Dobrina Waters. They both died in Tenn- c-see, he in 1836, and she May 17, 1850. After her husband's death, Mrs. Bridwell married Elijah Goodwin, who died in December, 1857. By her first marriage she had two children: Lafayette, who died in 185C, and AVilliam L., the subject of this sketch. By her second marriage she had three children, viz: Henry, now living in East Tennessee; .lohn, who was a soldier in the Second Tennessee Lifantrj', and who died from the effects of a burst- ing shell; and Amanda, who marriad a Mr. Simp- son and died in February, I8'.)l. Mv. Sim|)son is still living. William L. Bridwell was born in Cam])bell County, now Scott County, Tenn., November 24, 1856. He w.as brought up on the farm and worked hard from the time he was six years old, hoeing corn and other crops, and doing such other work as there was for him to do. His opportun- ities for securing an education were very poor, but he was a determined sort of a boy, and as his mother assisted him somewhat in his iiriina ry studies, he managed to secure a fair acquaintance with the elementary branches of an English educa- tion. His mother, however, died when he was but thirteen j^ears old,and he was left an orphan with- out a mother's love and care. He started out at night with a ste])brother of his father and made a trip to Kentucky, a distance of one hundred and twenty miles, and worked for that stepbrother on his farm from September, 1850, until Christmas time of 1852. He then returned to Tennessee, and engaged in work for an older brother for a short time, after which he worked about from place to place as opportunity afforded, and at length he engaged to work three months for #17.50. He then laised a crop, and his compensa- tion in this case was only one and a-half bushels of corn, which he gave to his brother to feed to his horse. He next went with an uncle to Arkan- sas and worked for him four months, and then came to Illinois. At Anna, 111., he engaged with a bl.acksmith named Faulkler to learn the trade, and for him he worked nine months for #4 per month. He was very handy with tools and could do fine work. Dr. Bridwell then went to work at the trade on his own account whenever he could find some- thing to do, and followed the blacksmith trade off and on for twent^'-cight years. Most of this time was spent in southern Illinois, but a portion of it was spent in Paducah, Ky. The last six j^ears were spent in East Metropolis. He was very successful, because he was an excellent workman and a fine machinist. He then bought a steam- boat and was to pay for it in running rafts, but when he had it almost paid for the person of whom he bought it died, and his creditors took the raachineiy out of the boat, which was all there was of value, so that he lost his time, money and labor. During the time he was not on the river ho worked in the machine shops. Previous to buying the boat he had engaged in the sawmill business, and in cutting timber, but he did not make much money out of it. While following his trade as machinist, a dentist, noticing the fine quality of his work, employed him to make a den- tist's chair, but when it was completed the dentist had not the money to pay for it, and so proposed PORTRAIT AM) RlOCliAl'lIICAL RKVIEW. 569 to teach Lim dentistry in compensation for the chair. Tliis proposition was accepted and he then and there bej^an tlie preparation for tlie practice of his present profession. He soon ascertained, however, lliat the dentist was not perfect in his line, and he could not get mucli assistance out of tiie text-boolis on the subject; he therefore con- sulted Dr. Pitcher and Dr. Wells, and bj' a diligent use of tiie books they furnished him lie soon be- came familiar with the principles of the profession, and gradiiall3' worked into a good business, mak- ing his own chair and tools, which his previous experience so well (lualified him to do. lie then removed to Metropolis and opened an ollice in February, 1887, and has ever since remained in tills city, engaged in the practice of dentistrj', and having a good patronage. He was married lirst in 1858 to Ararainta Pendrill, by whom he had three children: Henry, deceased; Ellen, wife of T. M. McXeele^-, a conductor on the Illinois Central Railroad; and .lefferson, a farmer at Hodge's Park. He was married the second time, in 1873, to Samantha Mathenoy, by whom he has four children, viz: William A., Millard, Lewis'H. and Douglas. Politically, Mr. Bridwell is a Dem- ocrat, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias. Religiously, he, as well .as his wife, is a memi)er of the Ciiristian Church. i^f^ ^^IIOMAS O. PETERSON, of I'.loonilield •(^^!^ Township, who holds an honorable posi- j ''\^0' tion among the representatives of the teach- er's profession in this his native county, and is also idcn tided with its agricultural interests, was born i 111 Bloom field Township May 13, 18ol. His father | was James Peterson, who was a native of Teiines- .see, and was a son of Thomas Peterson, who sjient his last years in that State. The father of our subject was young when his i father died, and his mother marrying a second [ time, he was reared by her and his stepfather, i who brought him to Illinois when a boy. At the time of his marriage he settled near Belknap, but a few jears later came to Bloomfleld Township, and bought a squatter's claim on sections 2 and 11, and in the log cabin that stood on the place at the time of purch.ise his sou of whom we write was born. For man}' 3-ears after lie came there were no railways, and the people lived off the jiroducts of their farms and on wild game that was abundant. The mother spun and wove cloth to make garments for her children, and they were also taught those useful arts, and when a child the father of our subject used often to pass the winter evenings at the spinning-wheel or loom, becoming •■in adept in the use of both. He was successful in clearing a farm from the wilderness, and dying left l>eliiiid a worthy record .as a pioneer who had done his share in developing the agricultural in- terests of the county. His wife survives him and is still living on the home farm. She was Lj-dia Kuykendall in her maiden days, and was born in Bloomficld Township, a daughter of Josei)li and Sally Kuykendall, who were among its earl^- pio- neers. She is the mother of seven children. The subject of this biographical review grew to manhood in his native county, and was educated in its schools. At the age of nineteen he entered upon a successful career as a teacher, and has taught a part of each year since, teaching in his home district for nine terms, and at the present time he has charge of the Sanburn school. He brings a well-trained mind to his >vork, to which he is devoted, is practical in his methods, and has a natural talent for inniarting instniclion, and has given satisfaction wherever he has been engaged. At the time of his marri.age, Mr. Peterson bought forty acres of the old homestead, and lived upon it until March, 1889, when he settled upon the farm which he now occupies, on sections 11 and 15 of the same township. He is not only a good teacher, but is an excellent farmer, keeps his place in good order, and is constantly improving his land by judicious cultivation. Jlr. Peterson was married in .luly, 1871, to Miss Mary J. Scay, in whom he has found a congenial and helpful wife. They have five cliildren living: Mary E., Jesse C, ^■iola, Eva and Thomas M. Our subject and his wife are people of character 570 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. :iii(l liigli personal sl.ancling in tlie eomin«nity,and :uv inlhicntial members of the Methodist Episcopal Cliureli, with wliose every good work they are cUisely associated. Mr. Peterson is a man of de- rided temperance views and principles, wliieii lie carries into politics, and is a vigorous supporter of the Prohibition party. Mrs. Peterson, who was born in Williamson County, is a daughter of Ambrose II. Seay, a na- tive of Mrginia, and a son of .Jesse W. and Sarah So;iv. Jesse Seay, who was a farmer, came to Illi- nois after many years' residence in Virginia, and passed the remainder of his life in Williamson County. The father of IMrs. Peterson was married in Williamson County, and settled on a tract of land near Creal Springs. He now lives in Marion. His wife, who died in 1880, bore the maiden nameof Nancy T.a^'lor, and was born in Williamson County, a daughter of William and Xcllie Taylor, pioneers of that county. ERIT ]\IAY, a leading and representative general agriculturist and successful busi- ness man, now devotes his time to the cultivation of his valuable liomestead of one hundred and twenty acres located on section '.t, township 1,5, range 4, near Metropolis, Massac County, 111., and, thoroughly at home in the de- tails of farming, has brought the acres up to a liigli slate of cultivation and well improved them with substantial| and commodious buildings — resi- dence, barns and out-houses. Our subject is a son of .John AVesley May, a native of Tennessee, who grew up to m.anhood without an opportunity of attending school and learned to read unaided by a teacher. He came to Illinois while yet a young man and, locating upon section I, township 15, range 4, Massac County, was soon after married to -Miss Mary Ridge and by this happ}' union became the father of ten children, of whom Dora, the eld- est, died in infancy; Neotea is deceased; Alice is the wife of L. M. Murric, of Round lvnt)b; Merit is the subject of this sketch; Alonzo lives near .loppa on a farm; M. D. also resides in the vicinity of Joppa; McHenry has a home near .loppa; Jennie is the wife of John Dusclie, of Joppa; John P. and Bird comjilete the list of sons and daughters and reside with their parents in the old Massac County homestead. Our subject, the fourth child, was horn in Massac County, June 8, 1860, and, reared upon his father's farm, enjoyed the privilege of attending during the winter months the nearest school of the home district. The years of his boyhood were mostly passed in hard work, which litted him to fight the stern battle of life witii courageous effort. When but eighteen years of age Merit May was married to Miss Mary A. Brandon, also a native of Massac County. The parents of Mrs. May, who were among the pioneer settlers of the State, are now deceased. The worldly possessions of our subject at the time of his marriage consisted of a horse, a cow and cash to the amount of ^l!i. Im- mediately renting land of his father, he carried on farming near the old home for three years and then, deciding to change his occupation, he bought a grocery near Rosebud. After twelve months of merchandising, Mr. May purchased a steam- threshing outfit, which he operated five years, mak- ing a complete success of this latter business, and during this period ran a sawmill three winters. Finally trading off his threshing-machine and forty acres of land given him by his father, he re- ceived in exchange his present homestead, which was then but slightly improved. Working unweariedly early and late, our sub- ject gave his time patiently to breaking and culti- vating the land, to which he has since added con- siderable acreage, and is now, after a few years of intelligent and patient toil, well rewarded by a bounteous annual harvest. The thrifty and pros- perous aiipearance of the homestead clearl}' indi- cates the excellent management and pr.ictical judgment of the owner of the farm, who has rea- son to congratulate himself upon the energetic self-reliance which has so materially aided him in winning his upward way to a comfortable competence. Five children have blessed the pleas- ant home, but the first-born died in infancy. John PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 571 survives; Jessie died at the age of two j-eavs; Glenn and Artliur are the joungest and complete the trio who brighten tiie family circle. The father and mother are tirm believers in the great value of an education and, giving their children the best possible advantages for thorough instruc- tion, will worthily fit their cherished ones (ov posi- tions of usefulness and honor. Mr. and Mrs. !May are valued members of the IJaptist Cluireh and liberally aid in the support and extension of its good work. Politically our sul)ject is a strong Democrat and a believer in the principles advocated by the immortal Thomas .lef- ferson. Never a politician in the usual accepta- tion of the term, Mr. May is deeply interested in the current affairs of the day and gives earnest and intelligent consideration to both local and national issues. A self-made man and typical American citizen of ability, energy and strength ol purpose, he is intimately associated with the growth and progress of his home locality and has been especially' active in local enterprise and im- provement, in his persevering efforts for the public welfare winning the entire conlidence and high regard of a host of friends. Mr. May for five years has been a member of the National Guards, and for three years a member of the Illinois State Hitlc Team, and in the contest for the Wash- burn trojihj won the prize the last two years at S[)ring(ield and Ft. Sheridan, near Chicago. |>-^M^^=^-J- |IL_^ENRY SCinVEGMANN. The German- |f)jf American citizenship of the United States, •Sf^ which forms so large a proportion of its t^J; strength, finds a worthy representative in the subject of this biographical notice, who oper- ates a fine tract of land on section 24, township 1,5, range 4. His parentage is German, his father having been born in Hanover in 180H. The latter, Harmon by name, received a good education in Germany, and learned the trade of a tailor. When about twenty-five years old he emigrated to Amer- ica, the voyage on a sailing-vessel occupying nine weeks. He landed at H.altimore in 18.33 with ^2, which represented his entire capital. For two years Harmon Schwegmann found em- ployment on the railroad, and later, going to Cin- cinnati, worked in a foundry for four 3'ears. His next step was to buy eighty acres of heavily tim- bered land in Franklin County, Ind., on which he built a log cabin. The land cost him butllOO, and after he had placed it under cultivation and erected substantial buildings, he enhanced its val- ue to such an extent that he sold it in 1867 for ^2,500. Afterward he made his home with our subject until his death, which occurred in 1881. Near Haltimore, Md., occurred the marriage of Harmon Schwegmann to Klizabeth Mescar, who was a native of Hanover, German^', and now re- sides with her son Henrj'. She was the mother of nine children, as follows: Mar^- and Henrj-, de- ceased; Lizzie, wife of William Walton, of Indian- apolis, Ind.; Mary, Mrs. llenrj' Koch, residing in 15alesvillo, Ind.; Henrv.of this sketch; Christopher, who is deceased; Mena, wife of Henrj^ Wessmann, a resident of Batesville, Ind.; Louisa, who married William Hazey, also of Hatesville, Ind.; and Will- iam, a resident farmer of Massac County. The subject of this sketch was" born in Franklin Count3', Ind., July 19, 1843. He was reared on a farm, and was early trained to habits of industry. His education was gained in the common schools and he also had private instruction, acquiring there- by a good knowledge of both (Jerman and English. AVhen of age he started out for himself and worked at anything he could find to do, on the farm, in the In-ickyard, etc. February 3, 1809, he married ^latilda Hremer, a native of Indiana, and of Ger- man parentage. Her father is dece.ased, and her mother makes her home in Massac County. From Indiana Mr. Schwegmann moved to Mas- sac County, III., the trip being made by railroad to Cairo. Here he purch.ased eight}- acres of tim- ber laud, and after building a log cabin, com- menced lo clear the land of the heavy forest growth. After a time he jjurchased forty acres, making the entire tract one hundred and twenty acres. He and his wife have a family of eight children, namely: Jtihn, Christ, Henry, Charle\ , 572 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. Lizzie, Iliiam, Freddie (deceased) smd Nora, liotii liush.ind and wife arc members of tlie Evan- Uflical Cliurcli. Politically, he is a Democrat and rejoices in the successes of that party. J' j AMES S. FKANC'IS, a niorclimit of Yioiina, .Johnson County, and member of tlie Slate r)0ard of Equalization, was born in Weak- J'' lev ley County, Tenn., October 6, 185L His father, Armistead Francis, was born in Virginia, December 25, 1823, and his father, Calvin Francis, was also a native of Virginia. Calvin, who was a sou of Ephraim Francis, was reared, educated and niairied in Mrginia. He removed from that State to Tennessee, residing there for a time in Smith and Wilson Counties, and afterward in Weakley County, where he engaged in farming and spent his last days. Armistead Francis was reared on a farm and re- sided in Tennessee until 1853. Then with his wife and two children he removed to Illinois, making the removal with his team. He settled in Tunnel Hill Township, entered a tract of Government land and bought an improved farm, uiwn which he still resides. The maiden name of his wife was ilar3- E. Dorothy. She was born in Williamson County, September 23, 1823, and \yas the daughter of Dennis and Sallie (McLain) Dorothy. Her father was a native of Tennessee and removed from that State to Williamson Couuty, 111., when that was a new county, and there spent the last years of his life, dying at the advanced age of ninety years. He and his wife were the parents of three children: Sarah E., James S. and Nettie. .Tames S. Francis received his early education in the pul)lic schools of Johnson County, «nd after- ward attended McKendree College, at Lebanon, 111. He began teaching when seventeen years of ago and taught four winter terms of school. He remained on the farm until the fall of 1880, when he removed to Vienna, and in 188.') became inter- ested in his present business, to which he has di- rected his entire attention since 1889. In that year he formed a partnership with Robert T. Hood, his ]jresent partner. They carry a large stock of groceries, hardware, tinware, farming implements, etc. INIr. Francis was married in 1872 to Nannie E. Hogg, a native of Vienna Township, Johnson County, and a daughter of James N. and Rebecca E. (Hawick) Hogg, and to their marriage there have been born six children: James E., Charles H., Walter IL, William H., Fay and George B. He is a Republican in politics and cast his first vote for Gen. Grant for President in 1872. In 1880 he was elected Circuit Court Clerk, and in 1881 he was re-elected to the same position, thus serving in that oflice eight years. In 1888, he was elected a member of the State Board of Equalization and still holds that position. He is a member of A'ienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. & A. M., and also of Mayflower Lodge, K. & L. of H. OL. SAMUEL HESS, a veteran of two wars and a resident of Vienna, was born in Union Ji^ County, 111., December 24, 1823. He was reared in the county of his birth, and at the age of fourteen he commenced to learn the tailor's trade. After serving at this trade seven j'ears he opened a shop of his own in Marion and conducted a business there a short time. In 1841 he removed to Vienna and there established himself in busi- ness. In 1840 he enlisted in Capt. Hacker's company for the Jlexicau War, and went by way of Texas to ISIexico. He participated in the bat- tle of Buena Vista. At the expiration of his term of service he returned to Mcnna and followed his trade until 1849, when he went to California, starting from Jonesboro April 16 with a party of sixteen, making the entire journey overland with horses. At that time there were no white settle- ments between the Missouri River and San Fran- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 573 Cisco except the Mormons at Salt Lake. Buffaloes were plentiful and roamed at will over the plains, and the party had all the buffalo meat they eould eat. lu August, the\- arrived in Weaverville. Col. Iless was engaged in mining about twelve months while in California, then started on his return home by the waj' of the Isthmus of Panama. I'pon reaching home he resumed his trade as a tailor and soon afterward engaged in the mercan- tile business. lie was thus engaged when the War of the Rebellion began, and leaving his business with his partner he assisted in raising the Sixteenth Illi- nois Infantry, of which he was commissioned Major. The regiment was nuistered into the service of the I'nlted States in February, 1862, and he was pro- moted to be Lieutenant-Colonel. He had com- mand of the regiment until 1863, when he resigned and returned to ^'icnna, where he was engaged in various kinds of business for some years. Dur- ing the past few years he has been engaged in farming. In 1817, Col. Hess married Augusta M. Chapman, who was born in Vienna, Johnson County, and was a daughter of Samuel J. and Mary Chapman. Col. and Mrs. Hess have eight children, viz: Jerome, William, Alexander, Frank, Augusta, Herbert, Ceorge and Grant. Col. Hess is a meralier of Vienna Post No. 221, G. A. R.; of Vienna Lodge No. 150, A. F. it A. M.; and of Vienna Chai)tcr No. 67, R. A. M. I^OBERT GRKKX 15. M. Ki;i:, formerly a IW^ prominent citizen and leading business man tiifli and prosperous merchant of the llourishing city of Metropolis, Massac County-, 111., passed to his rest November 9, 1892, mourned by all who knew him and his death lamented b}- his fellow-townsmen as a public loss. Born in John- son County, III., near Vienna, January 22, 1819, our suliject was numbered among the very early and hoiKjred pioneers of the Slate, and had for a period of seventj'-three years been intimatelj' associated with the wonderful upward growth, prosperity an lind a amri' highly cultivated farm than the one lo- cated on section 35, township 21, range 4, and owned by the subject of tins biographical notice. The buildings are substantial and adapted to their various needs, while the appearance of the esU-ite proves at a glance the intelligence and thrift of the owner. The father of our suljjcct, Fred Rodenberg, was born in Germany and emigrated to America when a young mun. The vo\-.age was made in a sailing- vessel and was tedious and uneventful. The ship at last cast anchor at Haltiniore, and Mr. Roden- berg commenced his career iipoTi a foreign shore without capital other than a (lair of willing hands, .mil habits of industry and thrift. After working lu tlii> county and although the tiacl contained few ini|irove- ments, his industry and energy were such that he converted it into a splendid farm. .Sub>c(pienllv he tradc(l the picjicrty foranoliici laiiii. where lu' now li\cs. Nine children were born of the union of Fred Kc>denberg and Carolinetiriepenstroch. They are named as follows: .lohii, who resides on the home .•52 place in Massac County; Annie, the wife of Charles Weston; Charles IL, of this sketch; Mary, who is at home; Minnie, residing w'ith her brother; Mat- tie, deceased; .Sophie, who makes her home with a sister; Emma, dece:ised; and Frank, who is at home. Our subject was born in Massac County, .lanuary 20, 18G3, and was reared on the home farm, where he early became familiar with agri- cultural duties. Hy attending the schools of the district, he was enabled to gain a practical educa tion, which lilted him for the duties of life. With his brother, our subject purchased the homestead, and the two continued together for one year, when Charles was marriecL His wife, Mattic Lekernic, was liorn in M.assac County, whither her parents, Germans by birth, came in 1853, having previously resided in Cincinnati for six months. After his marriage, our subject divided the farm with his brother, and continued to till the soil on the eighty acres which fell to his share nntil he sold the phice to his father. He then bought the one hundred and twenty acres included in the farm where he now resides. He and his estimable wife have one child, Hattie. They are members of the Alethodist Church and activel}- interested in all religious work. Politically Mr. Rodenberg is a Republican. -^^^i-^"i^S^» IP' A.AIi;S M. M, t 11. LOCH. .Viu.Mig the prom- inent citizens and well-known farmei-s of l'v\n' County, few are held in higher re- g.'ii'd than the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He has been called upon to lill num- erous |)ositions of responsibility as a public oHI- cer, being elected in the year 1888 to the position of Coroner, serving his term of four years, and then being re-elected to the positit)n, the term ex- piring in I8'.h;. In I8'.lil he was elected .lustiee of the Pe.ace, the time of his service being until 1891. For eight ^ears he was Constable, and for some time was Notary' Public at Columbus. In 1887 he was elected School Director, which position he 576 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. still holds, and in these various offices he has en- deavored to the utmost of his ability to fulfill the wishes of liis constituents, and in every way to advance the welfare of the coninumily. He is, moreover, and always has been, actuated by mo- tives of honor, high princiiile aud justice, and has a realizing sense of the res|)onsibilily which has been placed in his hands. l'olilically,he is astanch Republican, and is very popular among both his political friends and enemies on account of his worthy manhood and upright life. Our subject was born in Ilcnry County, Tenn., May 9, 1842, being the son of William 15. and Adeline (Nixson) McCulloch, the former a native of South Carolina aud the latter of Alabama. The paternal grandfather of James McCulloch bore tlie Christian name of John, was a native of Ire- land, and crossed the Atlantic, settling in America when only seven years of age. He removed to the State of Missouri at an early day, but passed his last years in Henry County, Tenn. Our subject's father removed from that State to Kentucky, where he lived until 1860, then, coming to Illinois, lo- cated in Pope County. The journey was made in wagons and the party crossed the Ohio River at Golconda. liy trade he was a gunsmith, and dur- ing the war found plenty of occupation. Soon after his arrival he settled in Columbus, where he resided until his death in 1870. The boyhood and youth of James McCulloch were passed under his father's roof, but with youthful enthusiasm he was determined to enlist in the de- fense of his country. Accordingly, when twenty years of age, he became a member of Company E, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, en- listing in Vienna in 1863. With his regiment he took part in a number of important battles and campaigns, among these being that of (Juntown, the siege and surrender of Vicksburgand the battle of East Port, Tenn. He was active all through the war and received an honorable discharge at Mem- phis, Tenn., September 2, 1865. Returning to this State he purchased Land in Pope County, and has owned at different times several farms, which, after improving, he sold to good advantage, and re- cently has purchased a small farm joining Colum- bus, which is located on section 30, township 13, range 6. He has erected a fine residence, and when his meditated improvements upon his place are completed, he will liave one of the nicest homes in the vicinity. He is sparing no pains to make his residence, particularl}', a model and comfort- able one in every respect, as he expects to spend his remaining days there. Mr. McCulloch was married soon after his re- turn from the war, the date l)cing August 5, 1865, and the lady being Miss Sarah Wiseman, whose l)irth occurred in Bedford County, Tenn., Septem- ber 17, 1847. By her marriage she became the mother of ten children, six of whom are living. The eldest of these, Charles M., is married and lives in this neighborhood; Arsula A. is the next in order of birth, the others being Ida May, James E., Robert O. and Laura L. Mr. McCulloch is a member of the Christian Church, and socially be- longs to Temple Hill Lodge No. 701, A. F. & A.M. -^^ •^ ^^EORGE W. GARRETT was born ten miles III ,— -^ north of Metropolis, 111., September 27 '^^ 1853. His father, Eli Garrett, was born in' Alabama in March, 1823, and his father, John Garrett, it is thought was born in Tennessee. He removed to Alabama and lived some years, when he returned to Tennessee. He served two terms as Sheriff in Alabama. John Garrett mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Nash, a native of Tennessee and who was a member of the same family as Gen. Nash, after whom the city of Nashville, Tenn., was named. She came to Illinois with her children, and was one of the early settlers of Poi)e Count}', where she spent the last years of her life. Eli Garrett came to Illinois with his mother. He was married in Massac County, and bought a tract of timbered land in Benton Precinct. He erected a log house and began at once to improve his farm. After living there some years he sold out and bought one hundred and sixty acres in the same precinct, but after a short residence there PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 577 again sold i>iit ami IkhiuIiI the I'unii ii|iiin which his family iiuw n.'?i(lf>, tliri'i' miles iioilh of Me- tropolis. This was also then liinhercd land. He erected good log buildings, which were later burned down, when he erected another set of buikUugs, partly frame anil partly log. lie resided there until his death, Xovember 23, 1889. lie married JIaria Rodgers, wln> was born in Tennessee, and who was first married to Thomas Armstrong. She died in 1861, and lie was then married to T.ouisa (Curry) Hruncr, who still survives and lives on the home farm. fleorge \V. Garrett was reared in his native county and lived with his father until his mar- riage. For several seasons he followed threshing, but at the time of his marriage he settled down on the farm where he now resides. He was married in lh8;5 to Annie Nex, who was born in lluin- lihieys County, Tenn. Her lather, .lared Nix, was born in the same State. He learned the trade of a tanner, and after following that trade a few years he turned his attention to farming. He spent the latter years of his life in his native State. The maiden name of the mother of Mrs. Garrett was Nancy Sanders. She was a native of Tennessee and a daughter of AVilcy and Sarah Sandci-s. She survived her husband some years and came to Illinois, dying in Massac County in February, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Garrett have three children: Ellen, Carrie and Carlton C. Mr. and Mrs. Garrett are both members of tiie Christian Church. Mi^fi^ Wl'OSl.Vll Ml/.KLL w:is b..rn in what is new (irant I'recinct, Massac Count\-, 111., .lan- ^^. , uary 15, 1815. His father, William .Mi/.ell, '5^^ was born in North Carolina. He learned the trade of a coo[)er, and came to Illinois from Alabama, settling in that part of .lohnsou County now included in Massac County, and being one of the pioneers ot that part of the State. He entered }\ tr.act of (ioverniijpnt land two and a-half miles from Metroi)olis, and after living there for a time entered land in township 15, range 1, east, and there worked at his trade as well as at farming. He cleared his farm and lived upon it until his death, about the year 1851. The maiden name of his wife was Nisa AVard. It is thought she was a na- tive of North Carolina, and she died in Massac County in 1862. She reared twelve of her four- teen children, .losiali being her youngest child. Since his earliest recollection Massac County has improved considerably, as has the city of Metrop- olis, as then it had in it but two stores. He was one of the scholars sent to the pioneer subscrip- tion .schools, w here each scholar [jjiid in proportion to the number in attendance. He resided with his mother until her death. In .Vugust, 18(!2, our subject enlisted in Com- pany 1), One Hundred and Thirt3'-tirst Illinois Infantry, and served until August, 1863, when he w.as honorably discharged on account of disease contracted in the service. Returning home, he re- sumed farming on the old homestead, and lived there until 1865, when he sold out and went to Kansas on a prospecting tour. Not being pleased with the country, he returned two months later and bought sixty acres of land, which are included in his present farm. At the lime of this purcha.se there were about twenty acres cleared, and he began at nm^o to make further improveinents, and as soon as his means would permit he ])ur- chased forty acres more, twelve of which were cleared. Still later he purchased another forty- acre tract, eighteen acres of which were cleared, and still later he bought twenty .acres, of which twelve were cleared. He now owns one hun- dred and sixt3' acres, all in one body and all but twenty-live acres cleared. His farm is in a high state of cultivation, and has upon it good buildings and an aluuidance of fruit trees and shade trees around the house, and it is otherwise im|)roved. November 5. I S67, Air. Mi/.ell married Harriet K. Grace, who wa.s born in Massac Couutv, 111., and who is the daughter of .Solomon and Jlary Grace. Mr. and .Mrs. ^Mizell have four children living: S:irah, Abner, Robert N. and Marv H. Isaac .1., the last-born, died at the age of eight and 578 roRTKAir AM) i;i(m;i;ai>iii(al ki;\ii;\v. a-half years. Mr. and Mrs. Mizell are members of the Re<;iilar Baptist Churcli, and Mr. M'v/.vW has been Superiiilcinlonl of the Sunday -scliool. IKi is a nuMiiluT of Tiiin Siiiitli Tost Nu. ;!l."i, (1. A. H. •^^ E^^ ON. AI.ONZO K. \ICKKUS, one of the ■Indgcs of tlie Kirst .hidieial Circuit, and a resident of \'ienna, is an honor to the Bar and to the citizensliip of his native State. He was born in Massac County September 25, 1853. His father, .Tames A'ickers, was l)orn in Warren County, Tenn., and his father, Thomas Vickers, is supposed to have been a native of the same county, coming of one of its earliest pioneer families. About 1810 the grandfather of our subject came to Illinois, and casting in his lot with the pioneers of Massac County, bought a tract of Government land, which he cleared and occupied some j-ears. Finally, selling his farm, he removed to IMetropo- lis and lived retired in tliat city until his demise. He was twice married and reared nine children. The father of our subject was a boy when the family came to this State, making the journey with teams. He grew up and married in Massac County and carried on farming there some years. He then took up the mercantile business in Me- tropolis and was eng.aged in that line two years. Returning to his farm, he lived upon it until his untimely death in 1861, when scarcely past the prime of life. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Celia Smith. She was born near Tuscumbia, Ala., March 3, 1812, a daughter of William Smith, who was a farmer and spent his last years near Tuscumbia. The mother of our subject was first married at the age of seventeen to .Jacob Vickers, and in 1810 came to Illinois and settled in Massac County. She rode all the way on horseback, car- rying a babe in her arras. Both she and her lius- band entered a small tract of (iovernment land and then built a log house, of which the boards that covered the roof were rived by hand, and the rude chimney was made of earth and sticks. 'J'hat pioneer abode was afterward the birthplace of Judge Vickers, of whom we write. The Vickers were among the pioneers of the locality. There were no railways to facilitate communication witii the outside world for years after they settled there, and the pooi)le lived principally on the products of their land and on wild game, which was abun- dant. Mrs. Vickers was an adept at spinning and weaving, and from the raw material furnished by the wool and llax made all the clothes worn by her children. When left a widow a second time her means were very limited, her only property con- sisting of forty acres of partly improved land and the log cabin home. Her two elder sons, Aleck and James, were in the army, and our subject, a lad of eight years, was her main dependence for assist- ance in caring for the family. But she was a woman of strong character, courageous and pos- sessed of much business ability, and managed her affairs so skilfully and prudently that she became quite comfortably well off and reared her children to be useful men and women. Slie died on the home farm May 10, 1875, and her memory is rev- erently cherished by those who knew and loved her. Judge ^'ickers' earl}' training and ex|)erieuce in the fields of labor bore fruit in a manly, vigorous manhood. He made the best of his opportunities to secure an education, attending the district school in winter, while the rest of the year was devoted to hard work on the farm. He pursued an excellent course of study at the High Sciiool at Metropolis and in 1874 entered the office of Judge K. AV. McCartney, of that city, to prepare himself for the Bar under his instruction. Ilealso pursued farming during the following three years, spending all his spare time reading law. In 1877, well etjuipped for his profession by a clear and comprehensive knowledge of jurisprudence, be be- gan to practice in Metropolis. In 1879 the Judge turned from the law to journalism, buying the Vienna Weekly J'/«ies,which he edited one year. He then sold the paper and was actively engaged in practicing before the court* lUltil his election, in 1891, to his present PoliTliAir AND 151()('.1JA1M1I('AI, IJF.VIKW. 57!) office as a Judge of the First Judicial Circuit. He is peculiarly (lualifled for the position. His rul- ings are scnsibk-, piactieal and to tiie point, and iiis decisions bear cviclence of his faniiliarily witli the least detail of the case under eonsideration and are presented clearly and forcibly- and are marked by justice, lii'niness and moderation. In 1880 Judge N'ickers was married to Miss Leora Armstrong, a native of Metropolis and a daughter of William and Anner Armstrong. Three cliildren. Jay Frank, Hazel M. and Louise Edna, complete the household circle in this well-ap- pointed home. The Judge is a representative of the following social organizations: Menna I^odge No. 150, A. F. .V A. M.; A'csta Lodge No. 340, L (). O. F.; Vienna Lodge No. 218, K. I'.; and Vienna Encampment No. 53, L (). O. 1''. In his political relations our subject is allied with the Republican party, and in 1886 he was chosen to a seat in the State Leirislature. ^1- j^i NIJREW r. KIDI). The fiirming interests iCsOj of southern Illinois have a successful rep- ,'/( 1*1 resentative in this gentleman, who culti- ^^ vates a jjleasant estate adjoining the city of Metropolis. Hefore mentioning in detail the principal events of his life, a few words in regard to his parentage will be of interest to our readers. His father, Jacob C, w.as born in York, S. C, Feb- ruary 29, 1792. When four years of age, he was taken by his parents to Lexington, Ky., and in 1811 he accompanied them to New Lil)erty, I'npc County, I II. As one of the pioneers f)f soutlMMii Illinois, Mr. Kidd was an interested witness of its growth, and aided to no small extent in it^ development. In his old age he delighted to recount tales of pioneer life and thrilling incidents connected with the early history of this section. He well renieml>ers when he saw the (irst steamboat that plied the waters of the Ohio. He lived to see this great State grow from thciountit- of Hamlolph and Johnson to one hundred and two counties. From March 19, 1829, until July 30, 1877 (the date of his death), he lived on the same farm in Massac County, a part of which our subject now occupies. During his first year here he cultivated corn on the present site of the city of Metropolis, and was here before the ad- vent of churches, schools, railroads, mills, or indeed an3' of the iinprovi'inonts that we now deem ne- cessities. In Nashville. Tenn.. Mr. Kidd married Nanc3' McCormick, who was born in that city, and died in 1842. His second marriage occurred in 184G, and united him with Miss l^lizabcth Manville, who died after twelve years of married life. Subse- quently Mr. Kidd married Mrs. Luttrell, who is still lixiiig. and makes her home in McCracken Counlv. Ky. Of his first marriage eight children were born, namely: James, Er, Andrew V., Ceorge, Lucas, Louisa, Mary .lane and .John. Six children were born of the .second marriage, as follows: I'e- leg, residing in Tennessee; Thomas, a resident of Metropolis; Catherine, wife of Charles Shelton,of Metropolis; William; Annie, deceased; and Leora, who married Frank Shelton, a farmer residing in Massac County'. Andrew I', was born in what is now Mas.sac County May 21, 1826, and remained upon a farm until he wa.s about seventeen, having but few ed- ucational opportunities. His schooling was ob- tained in a primitive "temple of learning," with its rude furnishings and pioneer methods of in- struction. His education has been obtained prin- cipally in the great school of experience, by ap- plication and strenuous endeavor, and 1)3- actual contact with the great business world. After his mother's death he left home and found emplov- moiit at various occupations, but was principally on the river. The s|)irii c.i' :ulvcnlnre ;iiiil ilesire for gold in- duceil our subject to make the overland trip to California. On the 3 1st of March, 1852, he hitched his ox-team and started on the long and tedious overland journey. The ilestiuation in the far West w.as reached on the 7th of August. Mr. Kidd engaged in selling lumber, water-lime, etc., and ac- cumulated a large amount of inone3'. He was, how- ever, so lavish with his mimey that *500 was as r)80 PORTRAIT AND I'.loCiRAl'llK'AL UKVIKW. nothing, and his friends were the constant recip- ients of his bounty. He loaned ^5,000, wliich was never returned. In these ways and others lie spent his large income, and returned at the ex- piration of fifteen years but little belter off than when he went West. In 18()7, locating on a farm m Massac County, Mr. Kidd engaged in agricultural operations for about fifteen years. In June, 1881, he purchased the place where he has since made his home. In 18Gi) he marrried .Tennie Davisson, who was born August 15, 1818. They are tlie parents of three children, namel}': Ilattie I., who is at home; Mary, wife of A. J. (iivins, of Metropolis; and Ross W., who is at home. Mrs. Kidd is a member of the Congregation.al Church, and a kind friend and obliging neighbor. It w.as her ambition, as well as that of her husband, to fit their children for positions of nsefulness in life, and witli that end in view thej' gave them ever^y opportunity for ac- cpiiring splendid educations. The daughters hold certificates to teach, and the son is a young gen- tleman of culture and business ability. The pol- itical atliliations of Mr. Kidd bring him into active co-operation with the Democrats, and he votes the ticket of Ills chosen party at th(^ various elections. r4&->-:i5^-r IKTRICII BRKNNIN(iMKYi:R, a farmer residing on section 11, township \i>, range ;5, is a son of William Brenningmeyer, who was born in Prussia. He grew to manhood in his native country, .and there fell in love with and wished to marry a young woman, to whom his parents ol)jected on account of her l)eing his inferior in r;nik. I5eing determined to marry, they eloped and took passage on board a sailing-vessel bound for America. This was about the year 1850. Arriving in New Orleans, the young couple were there married and thence came North to Cincin- nati, and from there to Massac County. Mr. Bren- ningmeyer purchased a tract of one hundred .acres in the eastern part of the county, upon which he located. The land was entirely unimproved, but soon, as the result of his exertions, it took rank among the best-improved places in the commu- nity. There he remained until his death, which occurred about 1852. His wife died about eight years later. They were the parents of four chil- dren, two of whom are now living, viz: AVilliam Ilenrj', a resident farmer of Massac County, and Dietrich, the subject of this notice. One son and daughter are deceased. Dietrich Brenningmeyer was born in Massac County in Deceml)er of 1853. He w.as reared upon the farm and early learned to work. He attended the common schools for a time, but obtained his education mostly in a German school. He was obliged to spend the greater part of his time at hard work upon the farm, and at the age of thir- teen years hired out to work for a farmer. He re- ceived for the first year $50, and for the second year was to have received $75, but after working six months he became dissatisfied and quit, receiv- ing nothing for the six months' work. He then hired out to another farmer, for whom he worked two years, receiving for the first year 180, and for tlie second year $100. Afterward he worked by the daj' for four years. At the expiration of that time, Mr. Brenning- meyer decided to change his occupation, and with that end in view he went to Cincinnati, expecting to learn a trade, but sliortl}' after arriving there he tool? the small-pox. On his recovery he con- cluded to return home and abandoned the idea of trying to follow any occupation except farming. Soon afterward he married Caroline Windhorst, who was born in this country, of German parent- age. At his father's death, Mr. Brenningmeyer had inherited one-half of the estate, consisting of one hundred acres, and he purchased from his brother the other half, ))!xying for it $-150, which amount he had by thrift and economy saved from his earnings. Locating upon that farm, Mr. Brenningmeyer continued there for ten years. He then sold out and removed to Madison County, 111., where for POUTRAir AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 581 four yeare he rented a farm. He then returned to Massac Count3', and for two j-ears rented land, af- ter which, in 1892, he bought the improved farm of eighty acres where lie now lives. It is his in- tention to make this his permanent homo. Dur- ing his residence in Madison County, he was be- reaved by the death of his wife, on the 2!>tii of De- cember, 1888. lie w.is again married, September lb, 188it, choosing as his wife Mrs. Anna (Ella- basch) Shaefer. Iler motlier is still a resident of this eountv; her fatiier is deceased. IJy liis iirst marriage ^Ir. lirenningmeyer became the father of Ave children, as follows: Henry Fred- erick, Catherine W., Sophie, Mary 8. and Emma, all of whom are living at tiie parental home. Mrs. lirenningmeyer h.as three children b}' her former union: Dietrich William, Sophie and Mattie. Mr. Hrenningmeyer is a believer in education, and gives his children the best of opportunities for be- ing well informed and educated. With his wife he is a member of the Lutheran Church. In his political opinions, he adheres to the |)rinciples adopted by the Democratic party. While he de- votes his attention principally to general farming, he also is interested in stock-raising, making a specialty of hogs. Throughout the community he is known as a successful and enterprising farmer. i^^IlOMAS L. HU15HRTS, an able, energetic and f/^^ successful general agriculturist and highly ^^y respected citizen now resnling upon section 11, township 15. range .'}, .loppa, Mass.ac County, III., h.as a valuable homestead under a high state of cultivation and well improved with an attrac- tive and commodious dwelling, substantial barns and outbuildings. For over a score of yeai-s in- timately associated with the rapid progress of the best interests of his home locality, our subject has ever been numbered among the progressive citizens of Miissac County, and, a kind friend and excellent nighbor, commands the thorough regard of a large circle of old-time acquaintances. His father, Albion Roberts, a native of Pennsylvania, was reared upon a farm in the (Juaker State, and enjoyed but limited advant.iges for an education. While yet a j-oung bo3', his good mother died, and his father not very long after remarried. Not liking his stepmother, Albion resolved to run away from the home now so distasteful to him, and although ab- solutely- penniless, managed to re:ich Kentucky, where he went to work upon a farm, and continu- ing in the occupation of agriculture, remained within the boundaries of the State for a term of yeai's. Having attained to manhood, Albion Roberts was united in marriage.with Miss Luciuda Gatlin, a native of Hopkins County, Ky., and about 1815 removed with his wife and family to .Johnson County, 111., which part of the country w&s then a S))arsel3' settled wilderness. Remaining but a brief time in this locality, Father Roberts soon made his home in the southwestern part of Massac County, locating upon Government land. After making improvement-s, he sold his claim, and again settled upon Ciovernment land. He improved sev- eral places in this waj', afterward selling out his interest in the land, and thus continued to lead the life of a rugged pioneer, working hard and en- joying but few of the comforts of life. In Octo- ber, 18G1, he forsook the peaceful avocation of a tiller of the soil, .and enlisted in the service of the Government. .Joining the Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry. Companj- I, he served with brave lidel- ity until February, 18G2, when his health became seriously impaired, and on account of disabilitv, he was discharged and returned home to die about one month later. His estimable wife passed awav in Johnson County, III., in 18G7. These worths- pioneers were the parents of seven children. James, the eldest, is deceased; Thomas L. is our sub- ject; Louis J. is a Mas-sac County farmer; Nathan S. farms in Mai-sliall County, Ky.; William La Fav- etto is deceased: Lizzie is the wife of Washington Sigler, of Metropolis; and Martha is deceased. Our subject, the second child of .Mbion and I.u- cinda Roljerts, was born February 8, 1840, in Mar- shall County, Ky., and, reared upon a farm, began ploughing when only eight yeai-s of age. His oarlj- opportunities for schooling were very few. 582 I'OlMWAir AM) r.loCliAl'lllCAl, liKVIKW. in fact the onl}' instruction then atlainalili' in Ins locality was coiirmed to the little .subseiintion school of his home iiciyhhorliood. In IHCl, about the time he reached his majority, the war broke out, and in October he enlisted in Company I, of the 'rwenly-ninth Illinois Infantry, and, imiiiediately forwarded to the front, bravely participated in the battles of Ft. Donclson, Ft. Henry, Corinth. Shiloh, Mobile Bay, and gallantly took part in the siege of N'icksburgh. Jlr. Uoberts [lassed through the entire cami)aign and escaped without any ser- ious injury, and in W.asliington County, Tex., was, at the close of the war in I8G.5, mustered out of the service, and returned at once to Springfield, where he received his honorable discharge. His health was temporarily affected 1)3- the constant ex- posures incident to army life, Init in time he re- cuperated and entered .again into the pursuit of agriculture. In December, 180(5, Thomas L. Rob- erts and Miss Margaret E. Willet, a native of Ten- nessee, were united in marriage. Mrs. Roberts was one of a family of five children, of whom she is the sole survivor. Iler parents, who were among the early settlers of Illinois, are now deceased. Immediatel3' following his marriage our subject bought fort^' acres of land in Johnson Count}', upon which he lived two j-cars, at the ex[)iration of that time purchasing his present homestead of sixtj- acres in Mass.ac County, then all unimproved land located in the woods. Having built a substantial log caliiii and settled therein with his family, he proceeded to clear the land, and now has one of the most liighl}- cultivated [jieccs of fanning prop- erty' in this part of the State. A good house has long since replaced the cabin of otlicir d.a\'s, and the various excellent and valuable improvements denote the successful and thrifty farmer. The live children who brought sunshine into the home are Mary Melissa, now deceased; Lois, deceased; Thomas W., at home; lona, also with her p.iicnts; and Osmond, the youngest, yet a nuMnlici- of the home circle. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts, who thoroughly appreciate the inestimable advanl.ages of agood edu- cation, are giving their children eveiy possible op- portunity to obtain knowledge and worthily lit themselves for the battle of life. The fatlicr and mother are members of the Christian (Inuxhof .luppa, and liberally aid in social and benevolent enterprise, Mr. Roberts being especially active in the Sund.ay-school work. Our subject is in |)oliti(al alllliation a IJc^pulilican, and although not a poli- tician in the common acce[)tation of the word, takes a deep interest in local and national affairs, and is to-day, as thirty jears ago, a true and loyal American citizen. ^ ^^- 11^, AVID IIKNHV FREEMAN, who resides in IMetropolis, Massac Count}', was born near Meadville, Pa., .June 13, 1838. His fa- ther, Wilson Freeman, was born in the same place to Alexander Freeman, who was born in New .Jersey and was one of nine brothers. He removed to I'ennsylvania and located in Crawford Count}', where he bought land and lived upon it for some years, when he removed to Ohio, settled near Worcester and died there. Tiie maiden name of his wife was I'hebe Clarkson. The father of our subject learned the tanner's trade, and followed that trade in addition to farming in Crawford County, Pa., where he died in 1854. The maiden name of his wife was Martha McDowell, who was born in the same county as himself. Her father, Maj. John Mc- Dowell, was born in Pennsylvania and w.asa Major in the War of 1812. He at one time commanded at Ft. Erie. After he was eighty years old he wont to Iowa and spent the remainiler of his life with his sons in Washington County, that State. The mother of David Henry went to Iowa in ISf);'), and died in Warren County in 1888, aged eighty- six \cais. She reared seven children, viz: Alex- ander, Perraelia, Eli/.abctli. Iia R., David Ileiirv. Margaret and Pliebo A. David Henry Freeman was reared and educated in his native county and in 1854 went to Iowa. He traveled on foot and by stage to Cleveland. Ohio, and then by railroad to Hock Island, thence by steamboat down the Mississippi to Muscatine, Iowa, and from there walked to Washington PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW. 583 Country. At that time there was not a railroad in Iowa, and the greater |)art of the land was owned hy tlic (Jovernnient. He lived in 'Washiugton Cuiinly until 1858, then went to the Territory of Kansas, locating in I'ranklin County, and in 18r)0 .started West with ox-teams and made an overland joui-no\'to New Mexico and I'Ike's Peak. At that time Denver was a hamlet of a few buildings, mostly built of logs, with either earth or tent roofs, lie .'issisted in raising the first house in Golden City and assisted in o|)erating the first steam saw- mill in that Stale. He remained thereabout twenty months, and in the fall of 18(50 returned to Kansas and then to Iowa. He offered his services to the I'nion, but upon examination was rejected. lie then went to Kansas and let his brother Ira go to the army. Our subject was married the same fall, and in 18(J2 went to Iowa, where lie learned the art of photography and followed that profession in thir- teen different .States. In 18GG he came to Illinois, and in 18(58 he bought a farm two and one-half miles from Metropolis, his father-in-law being as- sociated with him in the ownership of the farm. He did not at once settle down on the farm, but traveled a time longer in the photograph business. When lie di- vember, 18(5 1, he was married to Anna F. Fitton,wlio was born in Miami County, ()hio,and is a daughter of William Fitton, who was born in Bury, near Manchester, England, his father, Robert Fitton, being also a native of England. He came to the Ihiitcd Stjitcs in 182;'!, locating in Miami County, Ohio, being one of the earl^' settlers there, lie made his home with his sons until his death. The father of Mrs. Fieeinan came to the United .States when a young man, in 182:5, locating in (ireene County, Ohi(j, where he followed his trade tif a woolen manufacturer until 1K,J7. Then with his wife and five children he went to the Territory of Kansas and was one of the early settlers in Frank- lin County, where he secured a traol of (!overn- ment laiui. Purchasing a liewed-log house lu; re- moved it tci hi- iilaci- ami li\i(l in it uiiljl IHdI. He then removed to Lawrence, Kan., where he lived until 18G8, when he remove- that he is very set in his way and that he is inclined to criticise men in places of honor .'iml trust, Init it may be said on the other hand that he is always to be found on the side of (Jhristianity, temperance, morality and justice, which may, perhaps, counterbalance to some extent his failings in the respects mentioned. In 1H;)2 he sold his farm and removed to Metrop- olis, where he is improving the property lie owns in that citv and is attending to his private affairs. UCUST lilCHTKli, a farmer residing in township l.'i, range (!, cast. Pope County^ ' is a son of Labr.acliter IJichter, who came from German}' to the United Slates in 1864. The voyage across the Atlantic was made 111 a sailing-vessel and consumed six weeks. Af- ter landing at Baltimore he went at once to Pope County, and lived there about ten years, when he died at (lolconda. The mother of the family lived until 188t;. They were the parents of thir- teen children, Iwo of whom are now living: Au- gust, the subject of this sketch. an8 the parents of our subject emigrated to America, taking p.assage at Hremen on a sailing- vessel bound for New Orleans, which they reached after a stormy voyage of fourteen weeks. The fa- ther, mother and five children arrived in that cit}' with only ^5 in cash. However, the^' possessed an abundance of hope, together with fortitude, energy and patience, and were well ((ualified to overcome any obstacles there might be to en- counter. Thc3- came to Pojie County-, III., where they rented a farm and resided thereon for one and one-half years. By that time they had ac- cuinulalcd enough money to i)urcli.ase a farm, and removing to Massac County, they bought eighty acres and ])roceeded to improve the land. Upon that place the father died in 188(1; the mother is still living and makes her linnu' with her sons in Massac County. Ferdinand ]). Huddenbaum was reared on a farm and had few opiK)rtuiiities for acquiring an education. He attended a (ierman school for three months and gained a good English education fidiu hi- iiinthcr. He was attacherl to his lunne and parents, and remained with them until he was thirty-two. Afterward he worked on a farm for one year, saving his earnings and investing them in eighty acres in Massac County. This property contained but few improvements, and after cul- tivating the land for one year, he sold it. On the 28th of August, 1802, Mr. Huddenbaum married Mrs. August Mischcr, .an estimable lady who occupies a high place in the regard of her neighbors. Her father is deceased, and her mother makes her home in Mass.ac County. Jlr. Hudden- baum now occupies and cultivates the farm which w.as hers. It is a finely improved pl.ace, iile.asantly situated and embellished with conveniently ar- ranged and substantial buildings. In his political alliliations, Mr. Uuddeiibauiii votes fi)r and uses his influence in behalf of the candidates brought for- ward by the Democratic party, believing its plat- form best .adapted to promote the [irogress of the people. I I^ILLIAM HAHS was lM,rn in Missouri lLs# March 6, 18;!G, and now lives in Cache W^ Township, Johnson County. He is a son of Francis and Array (Nation) Ilalis, both natives of Missouri. F'rancis Hahs was a fanner, and fol- lowed that occupation in Missouri until he sold his farm there and came to Illinois, crossing the Mississippi River at Willard's Landing. He set- tled on a tr.act of Oovernment land in Johnson County, cleared off the timber and lived there un- til 1815. when he died. William Hahs remained at home until lie was fifteen years of age, liavinc secured but about six months' schooling in John- son County. AVhen fifteen years old he was bound out, the consideration being a horse, saddle and bridle when he should become twenty-one years (■111. After the expiration of this apprenticeship he worked by the month until he was twenty- eiglil years old, by which time he had saved money enough to Imy a farm in Cache Townshi]!, Johnson County. r.so I'Oii'l'liAll" AM) I'.IOCUAIMIICAL KKVIKW. When the war came on our subject enlisted in Cinnpany C, One Hundred and Twentietli Illinois Infantry, and parlifipali'd in the bntllcs of Gun- lown, the sii'ijc of Vic-kshiirjj;, and nnnicrous other lialtles and .skirniishes, serving all through the war. lie was honorably discharged at C'aini) Bnt- Icr, Sepleniljer 11, 1805, after which he then re- liiiiicd lu .liilinson County, 111., and engaged in f.'uiiiiiig. lie has now a farm of one hundred acres in scflion Id, Cache 'rownsliip, upon which he has (Mcclcd his own buildings. He was married in the year 180(1 to Mary C. Swim, a native of .liilinson County, who died on tlic loih of .lune. 1882. He was married again, Scplembor 1, 1882, to Mary E. Dunn, who was born in 'rennossce, December 1-2, 1858, and is the daughter of Will- iam and Susan (Muncrif) Dunn, both natives of Tennessee. Mr. llahs and his wife have three children living: William Riley, Sarah Jane and Holly Robert. Mr. and IMrs. llahs are members of the Methodist Kjuscopal Church, and he is a mem- ber of Moscow Lodge No. Afu, A. V. .V A. ]\1., and votes the Uei)ublican ticket. \|| OSEPH STONE, a prominent farmer of Pope County, who has resided on his pres- ent two hundred and sixty acre farm on section 25, Eddyville Precinct, for the past twcnl\-six years, was born in Jolinson County, 111., in 18.)',). His father, John Stone, removed from North Carolina to Kentucky and located for a time in Wayne County, whence he removed to Illinois in l.s:i.s. lie and a brother-in-law made llic reuioval logcllii'r with the old-time two- wheeled cait and tar spindle drawn by a single \(ike of oxen. They also had some pack horses. They were squatters in Illinois for more than flf- t.en years, when Mr. Stone sold his improvements and niade others, selling again for a small sum. ( lur subject's father at length bought forty acres, for which he received a deed, then laid a land war- rant on forty acres, and at last borrowed *100 with which he purchased eighty acres, making one hun- dred and sixty acres in all. He gave one cow for the interest on the ^KW for twelve months. Still later he obtained forty acres of "IJitt land," tliat is, land un KlCll.VKDSON, a farmer residing u])on township 15, range -I, occupies and manages the farm belonging to his mother- _ ' in-law, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Turner. He is a young man of good habits, industrious, intelligent and well informed, and oecuiiies a prominent posi- tion among the citizens of Metropolis. Although in his boyhood he was the recipient of ver}- limited educational advantages, he has always been a close observer an: tlie Revohitiouiiry struggle, join- ing llie C'ontincnlals. After liie war, (^I•:ln(lf!ltllCl• |{l•o^v^ settled in New York, where his son Aniuii was 1)0111, and he subsequently moved to St. Louis in LSI I, where he purchased a large interest in the lead mines and lived the rest of his life. Aaron was born February 12, 1793, in New York, where he was reared and given the advantages of a liberal education. He was married in 1817 to the lady of his choice, Elizabeth Wilcox, whose father was commander of old Ft. Massac and moved to that fort in 18()(;. Mrs. Hrown bore her husband thirteen children, namely: Isaac Anderson, Robert .lames, Mary C, Angeline, Thcrdisia C, .Joseph P., Cleorge Wescott, Eliza .lane, Ann, Samuel, rhilli[), Danrthula and Fannie. Those living are Joseph, our subject; George, of Ohio; Eliza, of Colorado; Ann, of California; Daurtliula, of Chicago; and Fannie. The mother of these children passed away .lanuaiy 15, 1850, and wasburied in MassacCouuty ; the father survived two years and tiied April 2, 1858. lie was married again, liowcvcr, his second choice be- ing Mrs. Amanda I'adgetl, whose maiden name was Chapman, and who became the mother of one child, Aaron Burr. She is now living in Chicago. Joseph P. was the sixth child in order of birth and was born in Lawrence Count}', 111., July 11, 1829. He was reared to farm work till he reached his niiietecntli year, at which time he learned the cariienter trade with a l)i other. In March, 1852, our siil)ject started on an overland trip to Califor- nia, :uiiving there August 7, where he remained for almost two years, working in the mines. He returned from the West in 1851, coming to Massac Count}-, where he engaged in merchandising. Later he embarked in the grocery business, but not being satisfied thought to try oi)cratiiig a wharf-boat. This did not prove as iirolilable as he expected, so, selling out and again trying the dry-goods busi- ness, he tinally decided that carpentering was cer- tainly his vocation in life, and has since continued to follow that pursuit. In October, 185(), Mr. Hrowii was wedded to M. l{. Uussel, formerly Jliss Brooks, who was born in Union County, this State, where her parents were early settlers. By his union with this lady our subject became the father of three children: Arthur 1$., who is in St. Louis; Helen L.. 'wife of L. W. Whitlow, of Henderson, Ivy.; ainl I'aiinic. deceased. Politically, Mr. Brown is a Hepul)licaii supporter and has been since 186(1, In religious afliliations, he is a Methodist, as is his wife, who is miicli interested in the Sunday-school work, and has been a mcmlier of the church for tweiit\-six years. ^ OSES M. PICKLES was born in Sainte Genevieve Count}', Mo., in 1854. His fa- ther, William Pickles, w.as born in Y'ork- shire, England, in 1805. He married Anna Ambler, a native of the same county in England as himself. They came to the ['nited States as early as 1845. The father and husband came in 1842, leaving his family in England until such time as he could earn and save up means to send for them. He sailed from Liver[)ool to New Or- leans, and came thence up the Mississippi River to Sjiarta, 111., and bjing a machinist by trade soon earned the necessary means to send for his family. He was a master mechanic and made good wages. His family joined him atSparta, Randolph County, 111., after a tedious passage on a sailing-vessel. Mrs. Pickles brought with her to this country three children, leaving one daughter in England with her grandmother. Tliis daughter, named Hannah, some years later sailed frum England to join her parents, but w.as never afterward heard of. The family made several iiuives after leaving Sparta, living in two counties in Missouri, Saint Francois and Sainte (ienevieve, before the war. Having lost one leg. our subject's father could not^ join the army, but he was a staiu h I'liioii man and boldly advocateii the cause of the Government in private and in public. For so doing he was foully murdered on Sunday evening, August 11,1861, by a band of guerrillas. Thej' came to his home on his farm, called him out and sht)t him down. In November following, his devoted wife died of roRTHAir AND I'.IOCKAI'IIICAI, KK\1KW. 591 a broken heart, leaving a family of seven children, of whom Moses M. is the youngest. Tiiey had bulled one infant son and one infant daughter, and had lost the daughter Ilannaii already men- tioned, and had at the time of tiieir deatii four sons and three daughters. They left a large es- tate, nine hundred aeres of laud and *2,IK)() wortii of personal property, none of wiiich the family ever received, exc'e[)t ^1,000 due from a German on a mill purchase, which he paid after the war. The family was then scattered and came to Illi- nois. The two older sisters were married, Fannie becoming the wife of William Terr^', of Kngland, and Maria, the wife of John IJaker, with whom llie yiiungcr or|»haned children lived. Mr. Baker re- turned to Missouri to look after the estate, and met there the same fate as had the father of his wife, being shot on his horse in tlie streets of Farming- ton, Saint Francois County, where the paients of his wife lie buried. Moses M. Pickles lived at the home of his sister, Mrs. Terry, and received but a limited education. At the age of twenty-one he went out into tiie world to begin life for himself, with but little or no capital. lie taught school in the winter and spring and worked summers as a farm hand for some six years. He was married October 16, 1881, to Martha E. Iludgens, of Johnson County, III., daughter of John and Minerva (Grisham) Hud- gens, who came from Tennessee about 1832. The Iludgens family had been in Illinois many 3'ears. Mr. and Mrs. Pickles began married life at llioir present home. He bought at lirst one iiuiidrcd and five acres of land in 188f), and to his liomeon this laud he took his wife upon marriage. Six years later he bought one hundred and sixty acres more for %3,20(l, on which he now lives in his neat farm cottage. He lias since then sold theone hun- dred and live acres for which he paid ^1,2(10. lie has been a farmer and teacher ever since he began life for himself, and he has made a success of lx)th. He taught his first school at |;2(l per month and hoarded himself, and since then his wages have advanced to -iifiO per month. He has two daugh- ters, Klla J., ten years of age, and .lulia Ann, eight, both bright and healthy girls, o( whom their parents aje justly proud. .Mr. .■ind Mrs. 33 Pickles are both healthy and active people and among the leading citizens of Johnson County, and Mrs. Pickles is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Pickles is a Republican, loyal and true to the party and its principles, and is one of the few men that use neither licpiors nor tobacco. ■-5— =:i=:^^ i>^^