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 BY-LAWS 
 
 —of the— 
 
 TOWN OF MANCHESTER 
 
 Adopted at a Special Town Meeting 
 called for that purpose 
 March 16, 1909 
 
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 BY-LAWS OP THE TOWN OF 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
 / 
 
 Adopted at a Special Town Meeting Called for That Pur- 
 pose March 16, 1909. 
 
 1. Voted, That the following by-laws of this town 
 are hereby adopted to be known as the “Public Library 
 By-Laws.” 
 
 (a) A public library is hereby established, which 
 shall, under the proper regulations to be adopted by the 
 directors, be free to all inhabitants of the town. 
 
 (b) The number of directors of the public library shall 
 be six. 
 
 (c) The town treasurer is authorized to receive such 
 sums as may from time to time be paid to the town for 
 library purposes, and to pay the sums upon the order of 
 the public library committee. 
 
 D and E of original By- Law repealed, and substitutes 
 therefor adopted October 5, 1914.) 
 
 (f) That the directors are authorized to provide a 
 suitable room or rooms for the public library. 
 
 (g) That this meeting proceed to the election of two 
 directors to hold office until the next annual town meeting 
 hereafter, two until the second annual town meeting here- 
 after and two until the third annual town meeting here- 
 after. 
 
 2. Voted, That the opening of the annual town meet- 
 ing shall be at six o’clock in the forenoon and close at 
 four o’clock in the afternoon. 
 
 3. Voted, That the selectmen be and they are hereby 
 authorized to have all reports required to be submitted to 
 the annual town meeting printed and bound in one volume, 
 and so submitted. 
 
 4. The town clerk shall keep a record in a book kept for 
 that purpose of all by-laws of the Town of Manchester, and of 
 all special acts relating to said town, and the same shall be in- 
 dexed under each subject treated. 
 
 Public 
 
 Library 
 
 Annual 
 
 Town 
 
 Meeting 
 
 Town 
 
 Reports 
 
 Record 
 
 By-Laws 
 
 
2 
 
 Town 
 
 Meeting's 
 
 Recording 
 
 Instruments 
 
 Town 
 
 Clerk's 
 
 Hours 
 
 Appropria- 
 
 tions, 
 
 Account of 
 
 Outdoor Alms 
 
 Moving 
 
 Building 
 
 Building 
 
 Materials 
 
 Sidewalk 
 Drain on 
 
 5. The town clerk shall keep an index of the records of 
 town meetings under each subject treated. 
 
 6. In addition to his other duties prescribed by law, the 
 town clerk of said Manchester shall at the time of its reception 
 record in a book prepared for that purpose, called a receipt 
 book, the date, hour and minute of receiving every paper or in- 
 strument required by law to be recorded in the town clerk’s 
 office and left with or sent to him for record or filing, the names 
 of the parties in such paper or instrument and the name of the 
 party from whom received. After said paper or instrument has 
 been recorded he shall enter in said receipt book the name of 
 the party to whom he delivered or sent the same, with the date 
 thereof, for which entry in said receipt book he shall be paid 
 by the town ten cents for each completed entry. 
 
 7. The town clerk shall cause his office to be open to the 
 public every day from 9 A. M. to 12 M. and from 1 :30 P. M. 
 to 5 P. M. except Sundays, legal holidays and Saturday after- 
 noons during the months of July and August. 
 
 8. The town accounts shall hereafter be kept in a book 
 having two columns under each head for which appropriations 
 are made, the total amount of each appropriation being specified 
 at the head of the second column. In the first column shall be 
 entered the amount as expended. In the second column shall 
 be subtracted the amount as expended, showing daily the un- 
 expended balance of each appropriation. 
 
 9. The outdoor alms account shall be hereafter published 
 in an alphabetical list of persons helped, opposite a table show- 
 ing the purposes for which the money was given, the amounts 
 and the totals. 
 
 10. The following acts are declared to be Acts of Nuis- 
 ance in the Town of Manchester: 
 
 (a) The removal of any building through any street or 
 highway of the Town, or the permitting of any building in 
 process of removal to remain in any such street or highway 
 without written license of the Superintendent of Roads and 
 Bridges. 
 
 (b) The placing or continuing the deposit of any build- 
 ing materials on any street or highway of the Town without 
 written license of the Superintendent of Roads and Bridges. 
 
 (c) The opening or continuing of drain or conductor pipe 
 in such manner that the same is discharged upon any sidewalk 
 of the Town. (See Section 2061 of the general statutes of 
 Connecticut for definition of Sidewalk.) 
 
3 
 
 (d) The erection or location of any building, or part of 
 any building, or any advertisement, or sign upon or projecting 
 over any street or highway of the town, or the continuance of 
 the same. 
 
 (e) Racing with bicycles or automobiles or trying the 
 speed of horses upon any street or highway of the town. 
 
 (f) Resisting, molesting, disobeying or interfering with 
 Superintendent of Streets, or executive officer of the town, 
 while engaged in the duty of keeping the streets or highways 
 of said town free from obstruction and convenient for public 
 use. 
 
 (g) Distributing or causing to be distributed in any street 
 or highway any posters, hand-bills, advertising cards, or other 
 substance used for the purpose of advertising. 
 
 (h) The depositing or placing of any rubbish, papers, 
 offal, or unsightly object, in or upon any street or highway of 
 the town, or the carting of the same in such manner as to be 
 offensive, or allowing the same to be scattered in or upon said 
 streets or highways. 
 
 (i) Maintaining an awning projecting over any sidewalk 
 in the Town of Manchester less than seven and one-half feet 
 above said sidewalk at its lowest point. 
 
 Any person who shall commit, or aid, advise, abet or en- 
 courage the committing of any of the aforesaid acts of nuisance 
 shall be fined not less than one nor more than twenty dollars. 
 The continuance of any encroachment of obstruction upon any 
 street or highway, or the continuance of any of the enumerated 
 acts of nuisance which is of a continuing nature for a day of 
 twenty-four hours after the day of the commencement thereof 
 shall be deemed a separate and single offense. 
 
 10. All streets presented to the town for acceptance by 
 the selectmen shall at the same time be reported on by them, 
 as to the necessity of such highway, the number of houses upon 
 it, and the probable expense to the town, if any; and as to 
 whether the statutes have been properly complied with. 
 
 11. The Assessors of the Town of Manchester shall each 
 year make a careful revision of their assessment lists, and once 
 in five years, on the five and ten year periods, they shall make 
 a complete re-assessment of all the taxable property of the 
 town. 
 
 12. No person except those exempt by statutes of the 
 state shall vend upon the public streets of the Town of Man- 
 chester, any groceries, provisions, fruits, wares or other mer- 
 
 » 
 
 Projecting 
 
 Signs 
 
 Racing 
 
 Resisting 
 
 Hand-bills 
 
 Papers, Rub 
 bish on High 
 way 
 
 Awning 
 
 Streets 
 
 Accepted 
 
 Assessment 
 
 Public 
 
 Vendors 
 
4 
 
 Vendors 
 Licensed 
 by State 
 
 Licenses 
 
 chandise at any private or public sale or auction, or shall peddle 
 or solicit sales of said articles or merchandise from house to 
 house, within said town, unless such persons shall have a 
 license from the chief of police, and the following sums of 
 money shall hereafter be paid as such license fees by the per- 
 son receiving licenses from chief of police : 
 
 For grocery, provisions, vegetable and fruit peddlers, $10 
 per year or fraction thereof. 
 
 For clothing dealers with teams, and for dry goods dealers 
 with teams, $10 per year or fraction thereof. 
 
 For pack peddlers, $10 per year or fraction thereof. 
 
 For tinware peddlers with teams, $10 per year or fraction 
 thereof. 
 
 For other licenses not specifically mentioned, $10 per year 
 or fraction thereof. 
 
 Provided that this By-Law shall not extend to sales by 
 farmers or gardeners of the products of their farm or to fish 
 vendors. 
 
 Such peddlers and street vendors, either with or without 
 teams, shall be licensed to do business between the hours of 6 
 A. M. and 7 P. M. Each peddler or vendor shall procure a 
 badge with a number palinly engraved or fastened thereon 
 from the chief of police, and shall expose said badge in a con- 
 spicuous place. 
 
 13. No license shall be required of such itinerant vendors 
 and junk dealers as are required to be licensed under the 
 statutes of the State of Connecticut, though the same person 
 may be required to take out a separate license for the carrying 
 on of each of the occupations above specified. 
 
 14. The chief of police, subject to the supervision and 
 refutation of the board of selectmen, shall have power to grant 
 written licenses to be issued as provided in these By-Laws, to 
 persons applying for the same, for exhibitions, shows, public 
 amusements, and for purposes of trade as provided, as the said 
 chief of police shall consider proper to be licensed, and for such 
 time as he may deem fit, which license may for cause, at any 
 time, be revoked by the authority originally granting it. 
 
 15. No exhibitions shall be allowed of an improper or 
 disreputable character. The chief of police shall ascertain the 
 character of the exhibition before granting such license. He 
 shall pay over all moneys received therefor to the town treas- 
 urer as often as once in three months and shall keep a record of 
 all licenses so issued, together with the date thereof, the name 
 
of licensee to whom given, the amount of money received there- 
 for, and the name or style of the exhibitions licensed, which 
 date, price and name of licensee and exhibition shall appear on 
 the face of the license, but said chief of police shall not be 
 entitled to receive from the town any extra compensation for 
 service rendered in connection with said licenses. 
 
 16. All violations of the By-Laws concerning licenses 
 shall be forthwith reported to the prosecuting attorney for 
 prosecution. 
 
 (Adopted Feb. 2, 1911). 
 
 17. All Town Meetings of the Town shall be held in the 
 Town Hall. 
 
 18. The Secretary of the Board of Selectmen of this town 
 shall put notices of town meetings on the public sign posts of 
 this town, and publish the same in a paper or papers having a 
 circulation in this Town, and make an attested return of such 
 action to the town clerk, on or before the day of each meeting. 
 
 Adopted May 7, 1913. 
 
 19. That it shall be the duty of the Selectmen of the 
 Town of Manchester to provide at town meetings in the future, 
 special or otherwise, other than such as are held for action at 
 ballot box only, the presence of a competent official steno- 
 grapher, whose duty it shall be to make a true and accurate 
 report of all debates, votes and actions of said town meeting, 
 and to deposit with the town clerk within one week thereafter 
 a copy of the same, sworn to by said stenographer before a 
 Notary Public, to be to the best of his knowledge and belief a 
 true and accurate report of the proceedings of such town meet- 
 ing, which copy shall be kept by the Town Clerk in the archives 
 of the town, and it shall be his duty upon demand of any citi- 
 zen of the town of Manchester and upon payment of a fee of 
 ten cents for each two hundred words to supply a certified copy 
 of the same, or any part of the same. 
 
 20. Any person offending against any By-Laws of the 
 Town of Manchester shall be subject to a fine of not more than 
 twenty dollars for each offense. 
 
 Adopted at Annual Town meeting held Oct. 5, 1914. 
 
 (Substitued for D and E of Library Laws adopted 9, 16, 
 1909). 
 
 D. The amount which shall be annually expended by the 
 Town for maintenance and increase of the Public Library shall 
 
 Town 
 
 Meetings 
 
 How 
 
 Advertised 
 
 Stenograph 
 ic Reports of 
 Town 
 Meetings 
 
 Penalty 
 
 Public 
 
 Library 
 
6 
 
 Numbering 
 Buildings 
 and Lots 
 
 Penalty 
 
 be $1,000.00 to be paid by the Town Treasurer on the order of 
 the Directors of the Public Library. 
 
 Numbering and Re-Numbering Buildings and Lots, 
 Adopted at Annual Town Meeting held October 5th, 1914. 
 
 1. The numbering of buildings and lots in the Town of 
 Manchester, shall be under the supervision of its Selectmen, 
 who shall annually make and revise a list of the same on or 
 before the first Monday of April following their election, and 
 on its completion file it with the Town Clerk of said Man- 
 chester who shall forthwith record it in the Land Records of 
 said Town. 
 
 2. The numbers so assigned to each building and lot as 
 recorded aforesaid, shall be the street numbers by which such 
 building and lot shall be known. 
 
 3. Every owner of said buildings shall place such street 
 number on said buildingyin accordance with Rules and Regula- 
 tions to be furnished by said Selectmen. 
 
 4. Every owner of said building who shall fail to comply 
 with said Rules and Regulations within 30 days after receiving 
 written notification of same from said Selectmen shall upon 
 conviction be fined $1.00 and cost, and said numbers shall then 
 be furnished and placed upon said buildings at the expense of 
 the Town under the direction and authority of the Selectmen. 
 
 TRAFFIC RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 Section 1. VEHICLES IN MOTION. A vehicle, ex- 
 cept when passing a vehicle ahead, shall keep to the right and 
 as near the right curb as possible. 
 
 Sec. 2. A vehicle meeting another vehicle shall pass on 
 the right. 
 
 Sec. 3. A vehicle overtaking another shall pass on the 
 left side of the overtaken vehicle and shall not pull over to the 
 right until entirely clear of it. 
 
 Sec. 4. A vehicle in turning to the right into another 
 street shall keep as near the right curb as possible. 
 
 Sec. 5. A vehicle in turning to the left into another street 
 shall pass to the right of and beyond the center of the inter- 
 secting street before turning. 
 
 Sec. 6. A vehicle crossing from one side of the street to 
 the other shall do so by turning to the left, so as to head in the 
 general direction of traffic on that side of the street. 
 
/ 
 
 Sec. 7. Vehicles moving slowly shall keep as close as pos- 
 sible to the righthand curb, so as to allow vehicles moving faster 
 free passage on the left. 
 
 Sec. 8. Whenever two or more vehicles traveling on 
 different streets approach the intersection of two or more 
 streets, each driver shall give the driver on his right hand the 
 right of way. 
 
 Sec. 9. No person shall drive, guide, or have the care of 
 two or more horses harnessed respectively to different vehicles ; 
 and no person shall lead or drive any horse upon any sidewalk 
 or footpath except whenever necessary to cross same. 
 
 ARTICLE 2. 
 
 Section 1. SIGNALS. In slowing up, stopping, turning 
 while in motion, or in starting to turn from a standstill, a 
 signal shall be given by raising the whip or hand. 
 
 Sec. 2. Before backing ample warning shall be given, 
 and while backing vigilance must be exercised not to injure 
 those behind. 
 
 ARTICLE 3. 
 
 Section 1. RIGHT OF WAY. United States mail, 
 police, fire department vehicles, and ambulances, and vehicles 
 of physicians while engaged in the actual performance of their 
 professional duties, shall have the right of way in any street 
 and through any procession. 
 
 Sec. 2. Subject to Section 1 of this Article, street cars 
 shall have the right of way between cross streets over all other 
 vehicles, and the driver of any vehicle proceeding on the tract 
 in front of a street car shall turn out on a signal by the motor- 
 man or conductor of the car. 
 
 Sec. 3. A vehicle waiting at the curb shall promptly give 
 place to a vehicle about to take on or let off passengers. 
 
 ARTICLE 4. 
 
 Section 1. STOPPING, STANDING, and TURNING. 
 No vehicle shall stand backed up to the curb except when 
 actually loading or unloading, and if said vehicles is horse 
 drawn and has four wheels, the horse or horses must stand as 
 near parallel to the curb as possible and faced in the direction 
 of traffic, but no vehicle shall stand so back up if it interferes 
 with or interrupts the passage of other vehicles or street cars. 
 
8 
 
 Sec. 2. Unless in an emergency or to allow another 
 vehicle or a pedestrian to cross its way, no vehicle shall stop in 
 any public street, except close to the curb or gutter. 
 
 Sec. 3. No vehicle shall stop or stand within the inter- 
 section of any streets, or of any street and driveway, nor within 
 ten feet of a street corner or fire hydrant. 
 
 Sec. 4. No vehicle or street car shall stop in such a way 
 as to obstruct any street or crossing, except in case of accident, 
 or when directed to do so by a public officer. 
 
 Sec. 5. A person having charge of a vehicle shall not 
 stop the same abreast of another vehicle lengthwise of any 
 street, except in case of accident or emergency. 
 
 Sec. 6. Street cars when coming to a street crossover, 
 shall stop on the nearside of the street. 
 
 Section 7 and 8 or Article 4 as adopted at the Special 
 Town Meeting held March 1, 1915 are repealed and substitutes, 
 therefore, adopted at Special Town Meeting held March 4, 
 1918. 
 
 Sec. 9. There shall be at all times a space of at least 
 Forty feet between street cars headed in the same direction, 
 whether said cars are in motion or stationary, except where 
 otherwise ordered. 
 
 ARTICLE 5. 
 
 Section 1. CARE IN DRIVING, MANNER OF 
 LOADING, STEALING RIDES. No one shall steal a ride 
 upon any vehicle or street car, and no one shall ride upon the 
 rear of any vehicle without the consent of the person in charge 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. 2. The driver of a street car passing a standing 
 street car shall reduce its speed to three miles an hour anjd 
 give signal of its approach. 
 
 ARTICLE 6. 
 
 Section 1. Drivers of vehicles and street cars must at 
 all times comply with any direction, by voice or hand, of any 
 member of the police force, as to stopping, starting, approach- 
 ing or departing from any place, and the manner of taking up 
 or setting down any passengers or loading or unloading goods 
 in any place. 
 
 Sec. 2. No one shall remove the bridle or halter from 
 any horse for the purpose of feeding, or for any other pur- 
 pose, unless horse be properly hitched. 
 
9 
 
 ARTICLE 7. 
 
 Section 1. DEFINITIONS. The word “vehicle” in- 
 cludes equestrians, horses hitched to vehicles, led horses, motor 
 vehicles of all kinds, and everything on wheels and runners 
 except street cars. 
 
 Sec. 2. The word “horse” includes all domestic animals. 
 
 Sec. 3. The word “driver” includes the rider or driver 
 of a horse, the rider of wheels and the operator of a motor 
 vehicle or street cars. 
 
 ARTICLE 8. 
 
 PENALTIES. Whoever violates any of the provisions of 
 the foregoing rules and regulations shall be punished by a fine 
 not exceeding twenty dollars for each offense. 
 
 By-Laws Adopted at Special Town Meeting March 4, 1918 
 
 Sec. 7 and 8, Article 4 of the Traffic Laws are amended to 
 read as follows : 
 
 “Sec. 7. The driver of a vehicle, on the approach of a 
 fire engine or any other fire apparatus, shall immediately draw 
 up said vehicle as near as practicable to the right hand curb 
 or gutter and parallel thereto and bring it to a standstill, and 
 remain standing until the fire apparatus has passed.” 
 
 “Sec. 8. The driver of a street car shall immediately stop 
 said car and keep it stationary upon the approach of a fire 
 engine or other fire apparatus, and remain standing until the 
 fire apparatus has passed.” 
 
 THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS HAVE BEEN ADDED 
 TO THE TRAFFIC RULES, UNDER ARTICLE NO. 4: 
 
 Sec. 10. No person shall permit any motor vehicle in his 
 or her charge, between the hours of nine a. m. and nine p. m., 
 on any day except Sunday to stand on the East side of Main 
 street, between Birch and School streets, in the Town of Man- 
 chester, more than three minutes at one time, except in such 
 manner that the right rear wheel of the same shall be within 
 one foot of the curb and said vehicle shall be headed towards 
 the center of the street in the direction of traffic at an angle 
 of not less than forty or more than fifty degrees with the curb 
 line. 
 
 Sec. 11. No person shall permit any vehicle in his or her 
 charge to stand on the East side of Main street within thirty 
 
10 
 
 Garbage 
 
 Sanitary 
 
 feet south of White Way Standard, located nearest to the Main 
 entrance to Odd Fellows’ Hall, or within thirty feet east of said 
 standard on the South side of East Center street, provided that 
 this by-law shall not apply to vehicles while discharging pas- 
 sengers or actively engaged in loading and unloading goods or 
 merchandise. 
 
 Sec. 12. No person shall permit any vehicle in his or'her 
 charge to stand on the south side of Charter Oak street, within 
 fifty feet East of White Way Standard, situated at or near the 
 southeast corner of Main street and Charter Oak streets. 
 
 Sec. 13. Ne persons shall permit any vehicle to stand on 
 the north side of School street within fifty feet east or west of 
 a point two hundred and seventy-five feet east from the inter- 
 section of the east curb line on Main street, with the curb line 
 on the north side of School street, nor on the south side of 
 School street within seventy-five feet east or west of a point 
 two hundre dand seventy-five feet east from the intersection of 
 the east curb on Main street and the south curb line on School 
 street, except for the receiving or discharge of passengers. 
 
 Sec. 14. All articles in Sections of the Traffic Rules and 
 Regulations of the Town of Manchester inconsistent with the 
 foregoing are hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 15. Penalties. Whoever violates any of the pro- 
 visions of the foregoing rules and regulations shall be pun- 
 ished by a fine not. exceeding twenty dollars for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 16. All the foregoing by laws shall take effect from 
 their passage. 
 
 BY-L-AWS RELATING TO GARBAGE 
 AND SANITARY REGULATIONS 
 
 By-Laws Relating to Garbage and Sanitation, Adopted by 
 
 the Town of Manchester, October 4, 1915, under 
 the Provisions of Chapter 246, 
 
 Public Acts of 1915. 
 
 1. The word garbage, as used by these By-Laws shall be 
 and construed to mean offal, swill, all kinds of house garbage, 
 
 animal and vegetable matter, and all other refuse or waste liable 
 to decay. 
 
 2. Garbage : No person within the Town of Manchester 
 
 shall mingle garbage, intended for removal, with ashes, store 
 sweepings, rubbish, tin cans, or other indestructible waste, but 
 such garbage shall be kept wholly separate and apart from 
 
11 
 
 such indestructible waste matter, and in galvanized iron cans 
 with proper galvanized iron covers for the purpose of covering 
 said cans, or other suitably covered receptacles, which covers 
 shall be water tight and placed over said cans or receptacles at 
 all times. 
 
 3. The cans in which the garbage is kept shall be always 
 in some convenient place for the garbage collector to remove 
 the same. The garbage collector shall not be required to enter 
 a building to remove garbage. 
 
 4. The garbage so deposited in said cans or receptacles as 
 provided in paragraph 2 shall be removed under the direction 
 of the Board of Health of said Town of Manchester in water 
 tight receptacles or carts, which shall be numbered or otherwise 
 suitably marked or designated as said Board of Health shall 
 prescribe. Said Board of Health shall make provisions for the 
 removal, disposition or destruction of said garbage as shall be 
 as inoffensive to the people of the Town and as little prejudicial 
 to the public health as possible. 
 
 Carriers of Garbage Licenses. 
 
 5. No person within the Town of Manchester shall be a 
 collector or carrier of garbage without first obtaining from said 
 Board of Health a license therefor, which shall be revocable 
 at the pleasure of said Board of Health. 
 
 6. Any person who shall have received a license to collect 
 or carry garbage, as herein provided, and who shall fail or neg- 
 lect to collect the same without giving three days notice to said 
 Board of Health in writing of his intention to cease collecting 
 garbage shall be subject to the penalty herein provided. 
 
 7. All persons collecting garbage, other than the Town 
 garbage collector, who shall stop taking garbage from any place 
 or who are unable at any time to remove the same from any 
 place as required by paragraph 6, shall notify said Board of 
 Health which shall see that the Town garbage collector or the 
 agent of said Board of Health removes the garbage from such 
 place. 
 
 8. No person shall permit the accumulation in or around 
 the immediate vicinity of any dwelling house or place of busi- 
 ness under his control of refuse matter, such as swill, waste of 
 meat, sour flour, fish or shells, bones or carcasses of any kind of 
 animal or vegetable matter in a state of decomposition. 
 
 9. Said Board of Health may order any house, to which 
 a sewer has been connected, to have proper toilets and other 
 
12 
 
 Building and 
 Elec. Laws 
 
 sanitary improvements installed and connected therewith, and 
 may order the owner of such property, or their agent, to make 
 such connections within such time as they may deem advisable. 
 
 10. No person shall keep pigs or swine, within the limits 
 of the Sanitary Districts of the Town of Manchester without 
 first obtaining a license from said Board of Health giving the 
 number to be kept and their location. Said Board of Health 
 may refuse to grant any or all such licenses, and no license 
 shall be granted to any person who fails to comply with the 
 Sanitary Regulations of the Town of Manchester. 
 
 11. The failure to comply with any of these By-Laws 
 shall be punishable by a fine of not more than Twenty Dollars 
 for each offense. 
 
 By-Laws Adopted at Annual Town Meeting, Oct. 4, 1915, 
 Governing the Erection and Construction of, and the 
 
 Electrical Equipment of Buildings Within the Lim- 
 its of The South Manchester Fire District and 
 the Eighth School District of the 
 Town of Manchester, 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Section 1. BUILDING BY-LAWS. APPLICATION 
 OF. The following provisions shall constitute and be known as 
 the Building and Electrical By-Laws and may be cited as such. 
 They shall apply to all matters relating to the construction, al- 
 teration, removal of eletrical equipment of buildings or struc- 
 tures erected or to be erected, in the South Manchester Fire 
 District and the Eighth School District of the Town of 
 Manchester, Connecticut. Such By-Laws are intended to be 
 remedial and are to be construed liberally to secure the bene- 
 ficial interests and purposes intended. 
 
 Sec. 2. FILING OF APPLICATION, SPECIFICA- 
 TIONS, PLANS, ETC. Before beginning the erection or al- 
 teration of any building or part of any building or structure, 
 the owner or his agent shall file with the Building Inspector. 
 
 1st. A detailed specification accurately describing the ma- 
 terials and methods of construction to be employed. 
 
 2d. Complete working and detail drawings showing ar- 
 rangement and construction of buildings, where same may, in 
 the opinion of the Building Inspector, be reasonably required, 
 clearly indicating the nature of the work to be constructed. 
 
13 
 
 The erection, construction or alteration of said building or 
 structure shall not be commenced or proceeded with until such 
 specifications and drawings shall have been filed with the Build- 
 ing Inspector and approved by him and a permit granted as 
 provided by these By-Laws. 
 
 The erection, construction or alterations of said building 
 or structure when proceeded with shall be in strict accordance 
 with said approved detailed specifications and drawings. 
 
 Sec. 3. FEES FOR PERMITS. There shall be a fee 
 of fifty cents (50 cts.) charged for each permit for buildings 
 or repairs to same, the cost of which does not exceed $1,000.00 ; 
 a fee of $1.00 for same, the cost of which does not exceed 
 $3,000.00 and over $1,000.00; and a fee of $1.00 for each 
 thousand dollars or fraction thereof, for same, where cost 
 exceeds $3,000.00. Said cost of buildings to be determined by 
 the Building Inspector of the Town of Manchester. 
 
 Said fees must be paid by the applicant to the Building 
 Inspetcor at the time of said application and the money is to be 
 returned if the permit is not granted. All moneys received as 
 fees as aforesaid, for permits, to be accounted for and paid 
 into the Town treasury once in every month. 
 
 In case building, alteration of or repairs to existing struc- 
 tures shall include plumbing only, or when the plumbing shall 
 be done by a party different than named in a previous permit 
 for work on same building, an extra fee of $1.00 for each five 
 hundred dollars or fraction thereof for the cost of the work 
 shall be paid to the Building Inspector by the plumber doing 
 the work, and shall be accounted for as aforesaid. This para- 
 graph shall not apply to minor repairs. 
 
 Sec. 4. BUILDING INSPECTOR. DUTIES. It shall 
 be the duty of the Building Inspector : 
 
 1st. To examine all plans, specifications and all detailed 
 statements submitted to him, and if they comply with the State 
 laws and provisions of these By-Laws, he shall approve of 
 and file the same in his office and issue the permit applied for 
 thereunder, and take and account for all fees paid him for 
 permits. 
 
 2d. To receive and keep on file all plans and documents 
 as provided for in these By-Laws. 
 
 3d. To keep a record of all examinations, inspections and 
 other official actions as provided for in these By-Laws. 
 
14 
 
 4th. To inspect all buildings and structures during their 
 construction and notify their owners, architects, builders, either 
 or all of them, of any violation of the provisions of these By- 
 Laws and to set a reasonable time in which the remedying of 
 such violation shall be effected. 
 
 5th. To approve in writing, in duplicate, one copy of 
 which he shall file and one copy of which he shall give to the 
 contractor wherever or whenever he shall order or direct the 
 use of material other than that specified, changes in the method 
 of construction or any special or particular interpretation of 
 these By-Laws. 
 
 6th. In case of an accident in any building caused by 
 failure of walls, flooring, etc., he shall have the right to enter 
 upon the premises and it shall be his duty to inquire into the 
 causes of such failure, and he shall report in writing his find- 
 ings to the Board of Selectmen. 
 
 7th. To perform such other duties as are either directly 
 or by implication required of him by the terms of these By- 
 Laws. 
 
 It shall not be compulsory on the part of the Building 
 Inspector to fill out permits or to prepare or alter specifications 
 or drawings for the construction, alteration or addition of 
 buildings. 
 
 The building Inspector or his agent shall have authority 
 to enter any building or premises if same shall be necessary 
 in the performance of his duty. 
 
 Sec. 5. DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of these By- 
 Laws the greatest horizontal linear dimension of any building 
 shall be considered its length, and the next greater horizontal 
 linear dimension its width. 
 
 “Private Dwelling” means any building which shall be 
 designed for or used for the residence of not more than two 
 (2) separate families or households and in which not more than 
 four (4) rooms shall be used for the accommodations of 
 boarders, and no part of which structure is used as a store or 
 for any business purposes, other than the use of a room or 
 rooms for office purposes by persons residing therein. 
 
 “Tenement House” means any house or building, or por- 
 tion thereof, which is rented, leased, let, or hired out, to be 
 occupied, or is arranged or designed to be occupied, or is oc- 
 cupied, as the home or residence of three families, or more, 
 living independently of each other, and doing their cooking 
 
15 
 
 upon the premises, and having a common right in the halls, 
 stairways, or yards. 
 
 “Hotel” means any building or part thereof designed or 
 used for supplying food and shelter to residents or guests and 
 having a general public dining room and containing more than 
 four (4) sleeping rooms for the accommodation of guests. 
 
 “Office Building” means any building which shall be 
 divided into rooms above the first story designed or used for 
 business purposes and no part of which shall be used for living 
 purposes except only such portions as may be required by the 
 janitor and his family. 
 
 “Frame Building” means a building or structure of which 
 the exterior walls or a portion thereof shall be constructed of 
 wood, except that the use of bay windows of wood or wood 
 and metal covering in masonry buildings shall not place such 
 buildings in this class. 
 
 “Public Building” means any building used in whole or 
 in part for assemblages whether free or for a money consider- 
 ation, and shall include schools of all kinds, churches, stores, 
 theatres, halls, libraries, hospitals or similar structures or 
 buildings. 
 
 “Foundations” mean the outside walls of buildings below 
 the finished grade of lot, street or surrounding ground, and 
 above the footings of same, and if under partitions or party 
 walls, that portion of same below the cellar floor or excavation 
 below the first floor. 
 
 “Portland Cement Mortar” means a mortar composed of 
 not more than four (4) parts of sand to one (1) part of Port- 
 land cement, which is to be used before beginning to set. 
 
 “Cement and Lime Mortar” means a mortar composed of 
 one (1) part of lime, one (1) part of Portland cement and 
 three (3) parts of sand to each. 
 
 “Concrete for Foundations” means a mortar made up of 
 at least one (1) part of Portland cement, two and one-half 
 ( 2y 2 ) parts of clean sand, thoroughly mixed with five (5) 
 parts of small, clean, broken stone not larger than 2 inches, or 
 good clean gravel, in same proportion. 
 
 “Reinforced concrete” means an approved concrete mix- 
 ture reinforced by steel of any shape so that the concrete 
 shall resist the compressive stresses and the steel the tentional 
 stresses, and assist in the resistance to shear. 
 
 “Footings” mean the lower course of stone or concrete 
 under a foundation or other wall, post, or pier, projecting be- 
 
16 
 
 yond the face of the wall, post or pier, each side, to increase 
 the area of the base of wall, post or pier on its supporting 
 material. 
 
 “Underpinning” means that portion of the external walls 
 Of a building starting at the level of the outside finished grade 
 and carried up to the underside of the house sill in a frame 
 building and up to the top of the first tier of beams in other 
 than a frame building. 
 
 “Bearing Wall” means a wall or partition used, or built 
 in order to support or sustain floors, roofs of the like. 
 
 “Curtain Wall” means the subordinate wall between two 
 piers, columns or other supporting members ; the wall being 
 a filler and having no share in the support of other portions 
 of the structure. 
 
 “Party Wall” means every wall used, or built in order 
 to be used, as a separation of two or more buildings, and used 
 in common by both parties owning adjacent property. 
 
 “External Wall” means every outer 'wall or vertical en- 
 closure of a building other than a party wall. 
 
 “Partition Wall” means any interior wall of masonry in 
 a building other than a party or external wall. 
 
 “Alterations” mean any addition or change from the ori- 
 ginal plan of the building. 
 
 “Cellar” means a lower story of which one-half or more 
 of the height from the floor to the ceiling is below the level of 
 the ground adjoining. 
 
 “Partition” means any interior wall in a building other 
 than of masonry. 
 
 “Repairs” means the reconstruction or renewal of any 
 existing part of a building, and not made, in the opinion of 
 the Building Inspector for the purpose of converting the build- 
 ing, in whole or in part, substantially to a new one. 
 
 “Stories” are counted from the first tier of beams at or 
 above the level of adjoining ground. 
 
 “Half Story” means that portion of a story immediately 
 under the roof, whose inside height shall not exceed five feet 
 at the place. 
 
 “Building of Brick or Other Fireproof Material” means 
 any building the structural part of whose outside walls is of 
 such material. 
 
 “Inspector” means the Building Inspector. 
 
 Wherever other words of a technical nature, or expres- 
 sions embracing such words are used in these By-Laws, the 
 
IT 
 
 same shall be taken to mean the usual definitions applying to 
 such mechanical trades. 
 
 Sec. 6. APPEALS. In case any person shall feel ag- 
 grieved by any order of the Building Inspector, he, his archi- 
 tect or his builder shall have the right to an appeal to the Board 
 of Selectmen. Said Board of Selectmen shall have the power 
 to annul, amend, modify, or affirm such order of the Building 
 Inspector, except where these By-Laws specifically provide 
 that there shall be no appeal. 
 
 Such appeal must be taken within five (5) days after the 
 date of the receipt of the Building Inspector’s written notice 
 and order by the aggrieved party, his architect or his builder. 
 Such notice to be delivered in person or sent by the Building 
 Inspector by registered letter. 
 
 In case the aggrieved party decides to appeal to the Board 
 of Selectmen, a copy of such notice shall be filed with the 
 secretary- of the Board of Selectmen and such appeal to that 
 tribunal shall be thereupon perfected. 
 
 Sec. 7. WALLS FOR PRIVATE DWELLINGS AND 
 TENEMENT BUILDINGS. Dwellings and tenement build- 
 ings shall have walls, if of brick, of the following thickness, in 
 inches : 
 
 Brick Walls for Dwellings and Tenement Houses. 
 
 
 Rubble 
 
 Foundation 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Foundation 
 
 Brick 
 
 Foundation 
 
 o 
 
 cn 
 
 CO 
 
 2d story 
 
 3d story 
 
 +-» 
 
 C/3 
 
 -T 
 
 5th story 
 
 6th story 
 
 1 story 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 stories 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 stories 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 4 stories 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 5 stories 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 stories 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
18 
 
 Sec. 8. PARTY WALLS. The thickness in inches for 
 each story and basement, of all brick party walls in dwellings 
 and tenement buildings shall be as shown in the following table : 
 table : 
 
 Party Walls in Dwellings and Tenements. 
 
 
 Brick 
 
 Basement 
 
 Concrete 
 
 Basement 
 
 1st story 
 
 L 
 
 2d story 
 
 3d story 
 
 4th story 
 
 5th story 
 
 1 story 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 stories 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 3 stories 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 4 stories 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 
 5 stories 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 6 stories 
 
 20 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 Sec. 9. LINING OF WALLS WHEN HEIGHT IS 
 INCREASED. In case it is desired to increase the height of 
 existing party or independent walls, which are less in thickness 
 than required under these By-Laws, the same shall be done by 
 a lining of brickwork to form a combined thickness with the 
 old wall of not less than four inches more than the thickness 
 required for a new wall corresponding with the total height of 
 the wall when so increased in height. 
 
 Sec. 10. THICKNESS OF WALLS FOR PUBLIC 
 BUILDINGS MORE THAN ONE STORY HIGH. The 
 walls shall not be less in thickness than the number of inches 
 given in the following table : 
 
 Outside Party and Division Walls. 
 
 3 24 20 20 16 12 12 
 
 4 24 20 20 16 16 12 12 
 
 5 28 23 24 20 16 16 16 12 
 
 6 28 23 24 20 20 20 16 16 12 
 
 7 32 27 28 24 20 20 20 16 16 12 
 
 8 32 27 28 24 24 20 20 20 16 12 12 
 
 9 32 27 28 24 24 24 20 20 20 16 16 12 
 
 10 38 32 32 28 24 24 24 20 20 20 16 16 12 
 
19 
 
 Sec. 11. STEEL FRAMES. Where steel is used for 
 frame of masonry buildings, it is to be designed according to 
 approved practice and computations are to be submitted to 
 the Building Inspector at the time plans and specifications are 
 submitted for approval. 
 
 Sec. 12. WALLS OF ONE STORY STRUCTURES. 
 One story structures, not exceeding a height of fifteen feet, 
 may be built with eight-inch walls when the bearing walls are 
 not more than nineteen (19) feet apart, and the length of the 
 eight-inch bearing wall does not exceed forty-five (45) feet. 
 
 Sec. 13. WALLS TO BE BRACED DURING CON- 
 STRUCTION. The walls of every building during the erec- 
 tion or alteration thereof, shall be strongly braced from the 
 beams of each story, and when required shall also be braced 
 from the outside, until the building is enclosed. The roof tier 
 of wooden beams shall be safely anchored with plank or joists 
 to the beams of the story below until the building is enclosed. 
 
 Every temporary support placed under any structure, wall, 
 girder or beam, during the erection, finishing, alteration or re- 
 pairing of any building or structure, or any part thereof, shall 
 be of sufficient strength to safely carry the load to be placed 
 thereon. 
 
 Sec. 14. HEIGHT OF STORIES. The height of all 
 stories for all given thickness of walls must not exceed eleven 
 (11) feet in the clear for the second story, and twelve (12) 
 feet in the clear in all stories above the second. If any story 
 exceed these heights respectively the walls of such story and 
 the walls of all stories below the same shall be increased four 
 (4) inches in thickness additional to the thickness already 
 mentioned. 
 
 Sec. 15. WALL OF LIGHT OR VENT SHAFTS. 
 In every building hereafter erected, all the walls or partitions 
 forming interior light or vent shafts shall be built of brick or 
 such other fire-proof materials as may be approved by the 
 Building Inspector. The walls of all light or vent shafts and 
 party walls, whether exterior or interior shall be carried up 
 not less than three (3) feet above the level of the roof. 
 
 Sec. 16. PARTITION WALLS. Eight-inch brick and 
 six-inch and four-inch hollow tile partition walls of hard 
 burned clay or porous terra cotta may be built, not exceeding 
 in their vertical portion a measurement of fifty (50), thirty- 
 
20 
 
 six (36) and twenty- four (24) feet respectively, and in their 
 horizontal measurements a length not exceeding seventy-five 
 (75) feet unless strengthened by proper cross walls, piers or 
 buttresses bonded into same. All such walls shall be carried 
 on proper foundations or on iron girders, or on iron girders 
 and columns or piers of masonry. 
 
 Sec. 17. FOUNDATION WALLS. Foundation walls 
 of frame buildings, if of stone, shall be at least 18 incites thick, 
 and if of brick at least 12 inches thick, and underpinning walls 
 at least 8 inches thick ; if not over 6 feet high ; if higher than 
 6 feet, 12 inches thick. 
 
 Sec. 18. CONCRETE AND TERRA COTTA WALLS. 
 In lieu of stone or brick for foundation, underpinning, bearing 
 or party walls, as specified in Section 17, concrete pjficed in 
 forms may be used of a thickness 15 per cent, less than speci- 
 fied for brick walls, and concrete blocks or terra cotta hollow 
 tile may be used in place of stone or brick, but at least thick- 
 ness as specified for walls of brick shall in all cases be adhered 
 to. 
 
 Sec. 19. FOOTINGS. Footings under walls may be of 
 stone, brick, concrete, plain or reinforced; or hollow tile, sub- 
 ject to the approval of the Inspector, but in all cases shall be 
 wider than the wall above, and sufficient in width and thick- 
 ness to support loads coming on same from weight of walls 
 above and floor loads transferred to same. 
 
 The thickness of walls, as given in above tables, may be 
 increased if in the judgment of the Building Inspector special 
 conditions arising in the nature of the use of the building de- 
 mands such extra strength. 
 
 Sec. 20 FLOOR BEAMS. All floor beams, girders, 
 trimmers, tail joist and other floor construction, whether of 
 steel, iron, wood or reinforced concrete, brick arches, or hollow 
 tile, shall be strong enough to carry superimposed loads caused 
 by the proper use of the building as intended to be used, and 
 as follows : 
 
 Schools, churches or assembly halls with fixed seats, 75 
 lbs. per sq. ft. of floor area. 
 
 Office buildings, stores, etc., 80 lbs. per sq. ft. of floor 
 
 area. 
 
 In buildings of public assembly with open floor space, 100 
 lbs. per sq. ft. of floor area, and in such other special cases 
 as the Inspector may determine as proper. 
 
21 
 
 All beams or joists shall be free from any imperfection 
 whereby the strength may be impaired, and of such dimensions 
 and material as the purpose for which the building is used re- 
 quires. No bridging shall exceed eight feet from end of beam 
 or joists or between each row of bridging. Stirrup irons of 
 proper size shall be used at all headers where the opening ex- 
 ceeds four feet ; the use of stirrup irons in dwelling houses may 
 be excepted, where, in the opinion of the inspector, they are 
 not required. All beams and joists phall rest not less than four 
 inches on masonry walls. Buildings may have floors of ffee size 
 and spacing shown in the following table, when, in the opinion 
 of the Building Inspector, the size is sufficient for the load 
 imposed thereon : 
 
 Attic Floors. 
 
 Greatest 
 
 Least 
 
 Greatest Dis- 
 
 Least No. 
 
 Length 
 
 Size 
 
 tance on Centers 
 
 Rows Brie 
 
 12 feet 
 
 2 by 6 
 
 16 inches 
 
 One 
 
 14 feet 
 
 2 by 7 
 
 16 inches 
 
 One 
 
 
 Other Floors. 
 
 
 12 feet 
 
 2 by 8 
 
 16 inches 
 
 One 
 
 14 feet 
 
 2 by 9 
 
 16 inches 
 
 One 
 
 16 feet 
 
 2 by 10 
 
 16 inches 
 
 One 
 
 18 feet 
 
 2 by 12 
 
 16 inches 
 
 Two 
 
 20 feet 
 
 2 y 2 by 12 
 
 12 inches 
 
 Two 
 
 22 feet 
 
 3 by 12 
 
 12 inches 
 
 Two 
 
 24 feet 
 
 iy 2 by 14 
 
 12 inches 
 
 Two 
 
 The foregoing table is based on the use of Spruce timber. 
 
 Each tier of beams shall be anchored to the side, front, 
 rear or party walls at intervals of not more than six feet apart, 
 with good, strong wrought iron anchors of not less than one 
 and a half inches by one quarter of an inch in size, well fast- 
 ened to the top or sides of the beams by two or more nails made 
 of wrought iron at least one-fourth of an inch in diameter. 
 The ends of beams resting upon girders shall be butted to- 
 gether, end to end, and strapped by wrought iron straps of the 
 same size and distance apart and in the same manner as said 
 wall anchors, or they may lap each other at least twelve inches 
 and be well spiked or bolted together where lapped. Where the 
 beams are supported by girders, the girders shall be anchored 
 to the walls and fastened to each other by suitable iron anchors. 
 
22 
 
 Steel beams resting on brick walls to have U. S. Government 
 anchors or equal of suitable size. Every pier and wall, front 
 or rear, shall be well anchored to the beams of each story, with 
 the same size anchors as are required for side wallf, which 
 anchors shall hook over th6 fourth joist, and the joists to be 
 steadied with scantlings not less than two inches by four 
 inches cut in between the same. 
 
 Wood floor beams resting on brick walls to have splayed 
 ends with top corner on inside face of wall upon which beam 
 rests. 
 
 Stud partitions, columns or posts supporting loads above 
 shall be carried to solid bearing, of sufficient size to safely 
 carry superimposed loads without assistance from any wall 
 other than a bearing wall. The strength of stud partitions 
 may be increased by trussing, bridging, the introduction of 
 iron or steel work, if, in the opinion of the Building Inspector, 
 such use is desirable. 
 
 In no case shall stud partitions or walls be built with studs 
 more than 16 inches from center to center of adjacent studs, 
 and in no case shall bearing partitions be constructed of studs 
 less in size than 2 inches by 4 inches. 
 
 All bearing partitions more than one story in height to be 
 bridged with pieces the size of studs, these to be set herring 
 bone style and nailed each end. 
 
 Sec. 21. PROTECTION FROM FIRES. No chimney 
 shall be built with less than four-inch brick walls and no 
 chimney having a greater flue area than two square feet shall 
 have walls less than eight inches thick,, provided that in all 
 cases where chimneys are built with walls less than eight inches 
 thick, the same shall have flue linings of fire clay, or terra cotta, 
 in their entire length, set in mortar. All chimneys having an 
 area of not more than two square feet shall be carried up at 
 least three feet above the highest part of the roof of the build- 
 ing of which it is a part, if such roof is a flat roof. If the roof 
 is a pitch roof, the chimney shall be carried up at least two 
 feet above same. 
 
 Sec. 22. CHIMNEYS. No chimney shall be started or 
 built upon any floor or beam of other than fire-proof con- 
 struction, and in no case where the breast of a chimney shall 
 project more than eight inches, shall it be commenced in any 
 wall, but shall be started from the foundation. 
 
Sec. 23. HEARTHS. All hearths shall be supported by 
 arches of stone, concrete or brick and no chimney shall be 
 hereafter cut off below, or in part be supported by wood, but 
 shall be wholly supported by stone, brick or iron. 
 
 Sec. 24. THIMBLES. All chimneys shall be brought 
 out to the face of partitions for the reception of thimbles; 
 said thimbles shall not have less than four inches of brick, on 
 all sides, and extend to the inside of the chimney flue. 
 
 Sec. 25. ELECTRIC WIRES. Every electric wire or 
 fixture for furnishing light, heat or power, leading into any 
 building from the outside thereof and all such wires or fix- 
 tures placed inside of any building, shall be installed and main- 
 tained in full accordance with the rules and regulations of the 
 National Board of Fire Underwriters. 
 
 Sec. 26. GAS BRACKETS. All gas brackets shall be 
 placed at least three feet below any ceiling or woodwork, unless 
 the same is properly protected by a shield, in which case the 
 distance shall not be less than 18 inches. No swinging or fold- 
 ing gas brackets shall be placed against any stud partition or 
 woodwork. Gas lights placed near window curtains or any 
 other combustible material shall be protected by a proper shield. 
 
 Sec. 27. FIREPLACES. All fireplaces shall be built of 
 solid masonry with walls not less than eight inches in thick- 
 ness, or four-inch brick, with not less than one inch of air 
 space, and a suitable fire-back of non-combustible material. 
 They shall have flues constructed as specified above. 
 
 Sec. 28. WOODWORK AGAINST CHIMNEYS, 
 SMOKE PIPE, ETC., HOW PROTECTED. All \yooden 
 beams and other timbers in the party walls of eve'ry brick, 
 stone, iron, or concrete building shall be separated from the 
 beams or timbers entering into the opposite side of the wall 
 by at least four inches of solid masonry, placed in wet mortar. 
 
 No joist or girder shall be supported on the walls of any 
 chimney above the first floor, and then not less than eight inches 
 from any flue of said chimney which eight inches shall be brick 
 or other fireproof material. 
 
 The framing around chimneys of all kind shall be so con- 
 structed that in no case will any joist or timber be placed nearer 
 than one inch from the outside face of walls or flues, and in 
 no case shall the distance from the inside of any flue to any 
 joist or timber be less than six inches where flue linings are 
 
24 
 
 used, and ten inches where flue linnings are omitted. The 
 foregoing applies only to chimneys which are enclosed by or 
 form part of the interior of any building. 
 
 Sec. 29. CHIMNEY FOUNDATIONS. All chimney 
 foundations that are built from the cellar shall be at least 
 eight inches larger than the outside measurements of the piers 
 or chimneys, of stone or brick, laid in cement mortar or of 
 concrete well tamped. 
 
 Sec. 30. SMOKES PIPES. No smoke pipe in any 
 building with wooden or combustible floors or ceilings shall 
 enter any flues unless the said pipes shall be at least 20 inches 
 from either the floor or ceiling, unless properly shielded and 
 in no case less than ten inches. 
 
 In all cases where stove pipes pass through closets or any 
 voids before entering thimble of chimney they shall be guarded 
 by a terra cotta or fire-clay jacket connecting chimney with 
 face of partition, properly supported at one end on chimney and 
 the other end on a metal shield secured to partition. This 
 jacket is to be at least two inches on all sides larger than 
 the smoke pipe passing through same, and any joints necessary 
 in its length are to be wrapped with wire lath and cemented. 
 
 No lath studding or any woodwork is to be placed less 
 than two inches from outside surface of this jacket, and this 
 jacket is to be in an accessible position at all times for inspec- 
 tion and not closed in. 
 
 Sec. 31. WALLS OF ELEVATOR SHAFT. All ele- 
 vator wells shall be enclosed in non-fireproof buildings, with 
 walls of brick, stone, concrete, or terra cotta blocks, extend- 
 ing from the foundation, to the height of not less than four feet 
 above the roof of the building. In buildings of fireproof con- 
 struction, the walls enclosing such elevator shaft may be of 
 light material but must be incombustible, and may be carried 
 from story to story upon the construction of the same. All 
 shafts and enclosures of every kind shall have metal doors, 
 which shall be made to open from the inside only, excepting 
 only the door upon the ground floor of the building, which shall 
 have a lock to permit opening the same from the outside. The 
 above described doors may have upper panels of wired glass 
 at least Y /\ inch thick. 
 
 Sec. 32. AUTOMATIC HATCH DOORS AND 
 GATES. When freight elevators in non-fireproof buildings 
 
25 
 
 or in fireproof buildings are built without enclosing walls, 
 there shall be at every floor through which they pass, auto- 
 matic hatch closers or automatic well hole where the elevator 
 passes through the same. 
 
 Sec. 33. STAIRWAY AROUND ELEVATOR 
 SHAFTS. No stairway shall hereafter be constructed around 
 or along side of elevator shafts, unless said stairways are 
 separated from the elevator shaft by a fireproof wall. 
 
 Sec. 34. HALLWAYS, INCLOSURES AND STAIR- 
 CASES. In all non-fireproof tenement houses four stories and 
 basement in height, and occupied or arranged to be occupied 
 by more than two families on any floor, the staircase halls 
 shall be enclosed with brick or other fireproof walls, and the 
 said hall enclosures shall have a connecting hallway in the first 
 story and extend to the street, enclosed with suitable walls of 
 brick, or such other fireproof materials, the landings or plat- 
 forms in said hallways and staircase shall be composed of fire- 
 proof floors, the staircases between said landings or platforms 
 to be of iron or steel construction with iron risers and slate or 
 marble treads, or of concrete construction and all doors enter- 
 ing into said hallways to be fireproofed with sheet metal or 
 other incombustible material, and any windows in said hallway 
 or staircase shall be made of sheet metal frame, and sash, and 
 glazed with wired glass. 
 
 In above class of buildings and office buildings, all stair- 
 cases, corridors leading to same or passages from street shall 
 at all times be kept open except the outside street door, which 
 may be locked against outside entrance only. 
 
 Sec. 35. DOORS TO OPEN OUT. The outside en- 
 trance doors of all public buildings shall open outward, and 
 shall be so constructed that they cannot be locked or fastened 
 against egress. 
 
 Sec. 36. FIRE STOPS. Every building two stories in 
 height or over, shall be provided with wood fire-stops not less 
 than two inches thick, by width of partition or depth of joists as 
 follows : Stud bearing partitions shall be provided with stops 
 
 at top and bottom of each story cut in between studs ; the space 
 between joists at every story where they rest upon girders, 
 girder partitions or stud partitions shall have stops cut in be- 
 tween joists. 
 
26 
 
 Outside walls of frame buildings to have wood stops the 
 width of studding and at least two inches thick at the line of 
 each story at top and bottom of joists. The first tier resting 
 on sill to have one row of same at first floor level. 
 
 In place of wood fire-stops mentioned above, brick, plaster, 
 cement, or any incombustible material may be used if satisfac- 
 tory to the Building Inspector. 
 
 Where frame buildings have floor joists resting on girts 
 the width of studs, the bottom of which shall be below joists, 
 such shall be considered as obviating the use of the fire-stops 
 at bottom of said floor joists. 
 
 In brick or masonry buildings having furred walls, pieces 
 the thickness of the furring shall be cut in between same just 
 below floor joists and just above same at each story. 
 
 All cornices shall be stopped with boarding extending to 
 the roof line cut in between the rafters, so as not to allow any 
 connection with attic or roof space from the cornice or over- 
 hang on the outside. 
 
 Wood stairways leading through more than two stories, 
 either continuous or in separate flights, shall have two-inch 
 thick wood blocks the entire width of stringers or carriages and 
 between each two of same at a point or points so as to entirely 
 block or cut off space between carriages or stringers extending 
 more than one story. All stairways extending continuously 
 more than one story shall have plastered soffits on metal lath 
 extending full width of flight. 
 
 Sec. 37. FURNACES. All portable hot air furnaces 
 shall have a space of at least 18 inches between the top of the 
 furnace and the under side of the floor timbers unless the same 
 is protected by a metal shield extending at least one foot be- 
 yond same on rear and sides and four feet in front, and in no 
 case shall the space be less than 10 inches. 
 
 Brick set furnaces or boilers shall not be placed on any 
 wood or combustible floor or beams. 
 
 Wooden or combustible floors under any portable furnace 
 or boiler shall be protected by a suitable stone or brick founda- 
 tion which shall extend entirely under same, not less than one 
 foot beyond on sides and rear and three feet in front. All wood 
 partition or woodwork nearer than three feet to a boiler or 
 furnace shall be shielded with metal. 
 
 Sec. 38. COLD AIR BOXES. All cold air boxes shall 
 be made of metal, brick or other non-combustible material for 
 a distance of at least three (3) feet from furnace. 
 
Sec. 39. REGISTER BOXES. All register boxes shall 
 be made of tin plate, with a flange on top to fit the groove in 
 the frame, the register to rest upon the same ; there shall be an 
 open space of two (2) ipches on all sides of the register box, 
 extending from the under side of the border to and through 
 the ceiling below. The said opening shall be fitted with a 
 tight tin casing, the upper end of which shall be turned under 
 the frame. When a register box is placed in the floor over a 
 portable furnace, the open space on all sides of the register box 
 shall not be less than three (3) inches. When only one reg- 
 ister is connected with a furnace said register shall have no 
 valve. 
 
 Sec. 40. HOT AIR PIPES. Hot air pipes built into 
 stud partitions or walls shall be covered with two thicknesses 
 of asbestos paper pasted on, not less than fourteen pounds to 
 one hundred square feet, strongly secured with joint lapping 
 not less than two (2) inches. 
 
 No flue or metal pipe used to convey hot air shall be placed 
 against woodwork of any kind. 
 
 Hot air pipes that come within an inch or nearer to wood- 
 work (except wooden lath of plastered wall) shall be shielded 
 with metal. 
 
 Where horizontal hot air pipes come within two (2) 
 inches or nearer to floor beams or ceilings they shall be. shielded 
 with metal. 
 
 Sec. 41. BLIND ATTICS. No buildings shall be built 
 with blind attics or half stories, or spaces below the roof cover- 
 ing and upper ceiling, unless such spaces have in a convenient 
 place for access a scuttle at least two feet square on stairs lead- 
 ing to such space from the next floor below. 
 
 These scuttles are to be in hallways near staircases. 
 
 Sec. 42. VERANDAS. All verandas, porches, etc., are 
 to have their voids or open spaces closed by construtcion so 
 as to entirely separate same from the main house, the ceiling 
 space of same to be entirely closed with wall boarding from the 
 space between studs, and where such verandas extend under 
 the main body of house, the floor space above sqch veranda, 
 or porch, shall be fire stopped with blocks, the full thickness 
 of floor joists separating that portion of floor from adjacent 
 portions. 
 
 Sec. 43. DUMB WAITERS. Shafts or wells carrying 
 dumb waiters, or lifts, and the shafts of clothes chutes, if of 
 
28 
 
 wood, shall be lined their entire height with metal and these 
 shafts shall be closed with a metal-lined door at their bottoms. 
 
 . Sec. 44. DANGEROUS BUILDING. Whenever in the 
 opinion of the Building Inspector, any,building, chimney, wall 
 or part of any building, on account of any cause or defect, is 
 dangerous, or when any building shall be deemed unsafe, for 
 the purpose for which it was used, or shall be in danger of 
 being set on fire from any defect in its chimney, or in its con- 
 struction, or when doors or stairs ways in any public hall, 
 theatre or factory, are insufficient for the escape of people in 
 case of fire, panic or accident, the Building Inspector shall 
 notify the owner or his agent, in writing, specifying wherein 
 such danger consists, or wherein such building is unsafe or de- 
 fective. Such owner or agent shall immediately proceed to 
 put such building in a safe condition or forthwith to pull down 
 or secure such building, chimney, wall or dangerous parts or 
 remedy the defect, unless an appeal be taken to the Board of 
 Selectmen and his appeal be sustained. 
 
 Sec. 45. BUILDINGS ENDANGERING LIFE. In 
 case the decision of the Building Inspector upon the safety of 
 any building, or any part thereof, is made in a case which is 
 so urgent that the failure to promptly carry out his order to 
 demolish or strengthen such building, or part tl^reof, may en- 
 danger life and limb, the Building Inspector may order such 
 building closed and the approach thereto shut off, pending the 
 decision of an appeal to the Board of Selectmen, if such appeal 
 is taken. 
 
 Sample Form of Application for the Erection or Alteration 
 
 of Buildings. 
 
 Application No Permit No 
 
 To the Building Inspector of the Town of Manchester, Conn. 
 
 hereby make application for a permit to (erect) 
 
 (make alteration to) a building according to the following de- 
 tailed statement of the specifications and plans herewith sub- 
 mitted. (Draw a line through word “erect” or words “make 
 alteration to” as the case may require). 
 
 All provisions of the Building By-Laws shall be complied 
 with in the execution of this work whether specified herein or 
 not. 
 
 Sign here 
 
 Manchester, Conn 19 
 
 Address 
 
29 
 
 Location? side of? 
 
 Nearest cross Street? 
 
 Owner of land is? Address 
 
 Owner of building is? . . 4 Address. . . 
 
 Architect is ? Address 
 
 Builder is? Address 
 
 Dimensions of building 
 
 feet front? 
 
 feet rear? 
 
 feet deep ? ' 
 
 Extreme height to highest point of roof ? 
 
 No. of stories in height? 
 
 Purpose of building is? 
 
 No. of stores? 
 
 How many families? 
 
 No. of rooms? 
 
 Distance from street line is? 
 
 from building line is? 
 
 Alterations and Additions. 
 
 (Give Brief Description) 
 
 If of steel frame, what is exterior construction? 
 
 What kind of columns used? 
 
 Size of columns used? 
 
 What length of columns used? 
 
 How protected? 
 
 What kind of beams or girders ? 
 
 Size of beams or girders? 
 
 Longest span of beams or girders? 
 
 These rest on? 
 
 Roof construction is? 
 
 Roof covering is? 
 
 The floors are of construction and are cal- 
 culated to carry a safe load ‘of per sq. ft. 
 
 (See Section 11, Building By-Laws.) 
 
 Brick Construction. 
 
 Of what material will walls be constructed ? 
 
 Composition of mortar ? 
 
 Material of front? 
 
30 
 
 If stone, what kind? 
 
 Thickness of Ashlar? 
 
 Thickness of Backing? 
 
 Arches or lintels over openings? 
 
 Backed up with what? 
 
 Height and Thickness of Walls. 
 
 Height 
 
 . j Front 
 
 Stories ttt ii 
 
 Walls 
 
 j Side 
 Walls 
 
 Rear 
 
 Walls 
 
 Partition 
 
 Walls 
 
 
 Basement, 
 1st Story 
 2nd Story 
 3rd Story, 
 4th Story 
 5th Story 
 6th Story 
 7th Story 
 8th Story 
 9th Story 
 10th Story 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wood Construction. 
 
 Give Size, Longest Span and Distance between Centres of 
 Joists Girders and Columns. 
 
 Floors 
 
 Joists 
 
 Size 
 
 Girders 
 
 Size 
 
 Columns 
 
 Size 
 
 1st 
 
 2nd 
 
 3rd 
 
 4th 
 
 Longest 
 
 Span 
 
 Centres 
 
 Bridging 
 
 Longest 
 
 Span 
 
 Centres 
 
 Length 
 
 Centres 
 
 Size of outside studs? 
 
 Distance on centres? 
 
 Size of sill? 
 
 Size of rafters? 
 
 Distance on centres? 
 
 Size of plate? 
 
 Size of ledgers or girts? 
 
 Size of deck rafters? 
 
 Distance on centres? 
 
 Size of studs in bearing partitions? 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Style of roof, flat, pitch, Mansard, or hipped? 
 
 Material of roof covering? 
 
 Material of Cornice? 
 
 How is building heated? 
 
31 
 
 Lining of flues? 
 
 Thickness of shell of flues? 
 
 Any elevators or lifts? 
 
 What kind? How many? 
 
 Any hoistways? 
 
 How protected? 
 
 How much will building cost? 
 
 When will work be commenced? 
 
 Sample Form of Permit for the Erec^ o. Alteration 
 
 of Buildings. 
 
 No 
 
 Office of Building Inspector. 
 
 Manchester, Conn., 19 
 
 THIS IS TO CERTIFY, That 
 
 is hereby granted permission to 
 
 on the side of 
 
 Street or land owned by 
 
 Said to be described in Applica- 
 tion No and to conform to specification and 
 
 plans filed with said Application, and Building By-Laws of 
 
 THE TOWN OF MANCHESTER, CONN., issued 
 
 19 Building Inspector. 
 
 Streets and sidewalks, obstructed by excavations or build- 
 ing material, must be guarded by barriers during the day and 
 by both barriers and colored lights by night.- 
 
 Section 1905, General Statutes of Connecticut, 
 Revision of 1902: — 
 
 ‘‘When any person shall place or keep building materials, or 
 any obstacle in any highway either with or without a license 
 therefor from the city, town or borough in which such high- 
 way may be situated, he shall pay to said city, town or borough 
 all costs and damages which it shall sustain, or be compelled to 
 by reason thereof.” 
 
 The foregoing Building and Electrical By-Laws were ap- 
 proved by the Board of Selectmen of the Town of Manchester, 
 Connecticut, September 27th, 1915, in accordance with Sec- 
 tions 14 and 15 (356) (substitute for H. B., 929) of the Special 
 Acts passed by the General Assembly of Connecticut at its 
 January Session, 1915 and approved by the Governor May 
 20th, 1915, entitled “An act amending an Act concerning the 
 nomination of candidates for public office and the number. 
 
32 
 
 Glanders 
 
 Farcy- 
 
 Fireworks 
 
 Explosives 
 
 power, and duties of the Town Officers in the Town of Man- 
 chester and adopted by said town of Manchester, Connecticut 
 on August 12th, 1915.” 
 
 By-Law Passed at the Special Town Meeting Held on 
 
 June 14th, 1918 — Concerning the Suppression of 
 Glanders and Farcy. 
 
 Section 1. Any person having knowledge of or reason to 
 suspect the existence of glanders or farcy in the Town of 
 Manchester, whether such knowledge be obtained by personal 
 knowledge or otherwise, shall immediately give notice thereof 
 r to the Board of Health of said Town of Manchester, and said 
 Board of Health shall immediately give notice to the Com- 
 missioner of Domestic Animals, and may immediately quaran- 
 tine such animal or animals until examined by said Commis- 
 sioner of Domestic Animals. Any person having knowledge 
 of or reason to suspect the existence of glanders or farcy who 
 fails to give such notice to the Board of Health of said Town 
 of Manchester shall be fined not more than twenty dollars. 
 
 This by-law to take effect from its passage. 
 
 By-Law Passed at the Special Town Meeting Held on 
 
 June 14th, 1918, Concerning the Use of Fireworks 
 in the Town of Manchester. 
 
 No persons on July Fourth or on any other day, other than 
 peace officers acting in discharges of their duties as such, mem- 
 bers of the military or naval forces of the United States or of 
 this State acting in discharge of their duties as such, unless 
 acting in defense of person or property, shall, in the Town of 
 or Manchester, discharge any firearm or firearms, including toy 
 pistols and cannon. This prohibition extends to the discharge 
 of blank cartridges. Nor shall any person discharge, explode 
 or set off any fireworks, fire crackers or other explosive sub- 
 stance or compound, in any part of said Town, unless for the 
 purpose of conducting duly authoried work of blasting or other 
 duly authorized work or business in which the use of explosives 
 are necessary, without a permit so to do from the Chief of 
 Police. Fireworks shall include everything that is manufac- 
 tured for the purpose of making a noise or a display of fire by 
 the use of gunpowder or other inflammable or explosive ma- 
 terial. 
 
 Every person violating the provision of this by-law shall 
 be fined not more than twenty-dollars for every such violation. 
 
 This By-Law to take effect from its passage. 
 
 Penalty 
 

 
 
 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 03562895