353.9 
 1-0 641 r 
 
 REPUBLICAN PARTY- 
 ILL. STATE CENTRAL 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 THE RECORD IN ILLINOIS 
 
 
The 
 
 Political Record 
 of Illinois 
 1905-1912 
 
 The Administration 
 of 
 
 Charles S. Deneen 
 
 Honest 
 
 Efficient 
 
 Progressive 
 
 Constructive 
 
 The Record Counts 
 
The Record in Illinois 
 
 Eight Years of 
 
 Honest Government 
 
 1905-1912 
 
 CAMPAIGN TEXT BOOK 
 
 Issued by 
 Illinois Republican State Committee 
 
 Hotel La Salle, Chicago 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Preface. 
 
 Cook County Indorsement of Governor Deneen. 
 Governor Deneen's Speech at Pana. 
 Chapter. 
 
 I. Primary Election Laws. 
 II. State Civil Service Law. 
 
 III. State Charitable Institutions. 
 
 IV. Special Legislation for Chicago. 
 V. State Revenues and Expenditures. 
 
 VI. Business Methods. 
 
 VII. State Geological Survey. 
 
 VIII. Internal Improvement Commission. 
 
 IX. Insurance Department. 
 
 X. State Fire Marshal's Department. 
 
 XI. Railroad and Warehouse Commission. 
 
 XII. Anti-Pass and Watered Stock Legislation. 
 
 XIII. Factory Inspection. 
 
 XIV. Labor Legislation. 
 XV. State Mining Board. 
 
 XVI. Grain Inspection Department. 
 XVII. State Architect and New Buildings. 
 XVIII. The State University. 
 XIX. Educational System Reorganized. 
 XX. National Guard and Naval Reserve. 
 XXI. Agriculture. 
 XXII. State Penal Institutions. 
 XXIII. " State Highway Commission. 
 XXIV. State Board of Health. 
 XXV. Live Stock Commission. 
 XXVI. Pure Food Commission. 
 XXVII. State Game Department. 
 XXVIII. Fish Commission. 
 XXIX. Commission Form of Government. 
 XXX. Chicago Parks. 
 
 XXXI. Governor Deneen and the Fees of State's At- 
 torneys. 
 Biographies. 
 
353, ?. 
 
 <J 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The Republican Party of Illinois presents to 
 the people of Illinois its candidates and in support 
 of their candidacy offers the following record of 
 the Republican Administration in our State. 
 
 This pamphlet contains an account of that 
 administration and is presented to the voters 
 in the confident expectation that in it they will 
 find convincing evidence that the pledges here- 
 tofore made by the Republican Party have been 
 redeemed and that the party has gone far beyond 
 the redemption of such pledges and has placed 
 our State among the most advanced states in 
 the Union in laws and administration. 
 
 In every sense the present Republican Adminis- 
 tration has been a progressive one : 
 
 1. In the enlargement of popular control over 
 the entrances to public life through the nomination 
 of public officials at direct primaries, the advisory 
 vote afforded the citizens of Illinois upon candi- 
 dates for United States Senate and the Presi- 
 dential preference primary law, regarding national 
 politics; 
 
 2. The placing of all employes of the State 
 under a classified Civil Service Law and the 
 establishment of an efficiency bureau to test and 
 record the merit of those in the State's service; 
 
 3. The taking of our charitable institutions 
 out of politics, changing their treatment from 
 custodial to curative; the placing of their service 
 upon a scientific basis; the transfer from the 
 counties to the State itself of the exclusive 
 care of the insane wards of the State; the im- 
 provement of the buildings and equipment of all 
 State charitable institutions; 
 
 4. Special legislation for Chicago, enabling 
 the Illinois metropolis to meet the conditions of 
 its municipal growth; 
 
 5. The revision and enlargement of the powers 
 of the Railroad & Warehouse Commission, 
 bringing within its jurisdiction interurban rail- 
 roads, express companies and other public utili- 
 ties; the lowering of passenger and freight rates 
 and the regulation and supervision of the rates 
 and service of transportation companies; 
 
 6. The revision of the insurance laws, making 
 them a model for the country; 
 
 7. The revision of factory laws, which are 
 now the most advanced in the United States; 
 
 xxi 8. A long list of labor laws, greater in number 
 ^and in importance than have been enacted here- 
 tofore in the history of the State; 
 
 - 
 
 3 
 
9. The revision of the mining laws and estab- 
 lishment of mine rescue stations which mark an 
 epoch in the mining legislation of the United 
 States; 
 
 10. Conservation of our natural resources; 
 
 11. Scrupulous care and attention bestowed 
 upon the administration of the public business; 
 economies and reforms introduced in the way of 
 simplification and inspection of accounts and a 
 vast improvement made in relation to building, 
 repair and rehabilitation of public buildings, 
 without scandal or suspicion. 
 
 The record of these and many other reforms 
 will be found in this pamphlet. The reading of 
 this pamphlet is recommended to all citizens who 
 desire to have information regarding the progress 
 of the State, the administration of its business 
 and the enactment of its laws. Nowhere else 
 can it be found so clearly or briefly stated. The 
 information has been classified and set out under 
 appropriate titles and chapters for the con- 
 venience of the reader. Each chapter is short, but 
 complete in information. 
 
 We believe that the fair-minded reader will rise 
 from a perusal of this text-book satisfied that no 
 business in the State has made such progress in 
 its management or expansion as that of the State 
 itself, and that in both laws and administration 
 the State of Illinois is justly entitled to rank 
 among the foremost states in the United States. 
 
COOK COUNTY REPUBLICANS ENDORSE 
 GOVERNOR DENEEN. 
 
 At the Cook County Republican Convention 
 in Chicago, Feb. 3, 1912, a cordial endorsement 
 of the nomination of Governor Deneen was given. 
 President Harry Pratt Judson of the University 
 of Chicago was chairman of the committee on 
 resolutions, and presented the following to the 
 convention, which enthusiastically adopted it: 
 
 "The administration of Governor Charles S. 
 Deneen has been such as to command and de- 
 serve the confidence of the citizens of Illinois. 
 It has been characterized by the absolute honesty 
 and great efficiency and economy with which it 
 has administered the public institutions and de- 
 partments under its supervision and by the pro- 
 gressive character of the legislation which it has 
 placed upon our statute books. 
 
 "To his administration our State is indebted 
 for the passage of a state-wide primary election 
 law and of a state-wide civil service law. 
 
 "For the revision of the insurance laws of the 
 State. 
 
 "For the enactment of laws relating to em- 
 ployment; protecting the health, comfort and 
 safety of employes and improving the conditions 
 of employment and the relations between em- 
 ployers and employes. 
 
 "For the enactment of laws enlarging the 
 powers of the State Railroad and Warehouse 
 Commission over the rates and service of public 
 service corporations. 
 
 "For the introduction into the public service 
 of sound business methods, such as the payment 
 of interest on public funds into the public treas- 
 ury, the introduction of uniform systems of book- 
 keeping and accounts into the State institutions 
 and departments, and the institution and prose- 
 
cution of the case against the Illinois Central 
 Railroad company on claims aggregating mil- 
 lions of dollars. 
 
 "The administration is to be commended for 
 the creation of the State Board of Administration 
 and the improvement of service and great econ- 
 omies effected thereby in the administration of 
 the State institutions. 
 
 "For the revision of our antiquated school laws, 
 and for the work done to secure the introduction - 
 into our school system of vocational courses of 
 study. 
 
 "For the splendid work done in the conserva- 
 tion of the State's resources. 
 
 "For the revision of the State food law, bring- 
 ing the Illinois law and the work of the State 
 Food Commission into harmony with that of the 
 National government. 
 
 "For the enactment of the commission form of 
 government law, and of the acts enlarging the 
 powers of municipalities, such as the power to 
 regulate rates for gas and electricity, and the 
 power to construct, operate and maintain har- 
 bors; and for the laws abolishing the justice 
 courts and establishing the municipal court of 
 Chicago and replacing the old township organi- 
 zations and independent taxing bodies by a con- 
 solidated municipal government for Chicago. 
 
 "The administration is further to be com- 
 mended for its advocacy of an anti-pass law, of 
 the revision of the laws governing practice and 
 procedure in our courts, and of the passage of a 
 corrupt practice act and the revision of our gen- 
 eral election laws so as to eliminate corruption 
 from primary and general elections. 
 
 "The work of the present State administration 
 has placed Illinois among the foremost of Ameri- 
 can states in progressive legislation and has 
 brought the administration of all branches of the 
 public service up to a high level of efficiency. 
 6 
 
"The administration is now in the midst of 
 much important work for the promotion of the 
 public welfare which should be steadily carried 
 forward, and it is our belief that the recognized 
 and demonstrated executive ability and experi- 
 ence of Governor Charles S. Deneen should com- 
 mend itself to the voters of Illinois as fitting him 
 best to carry this work to completion. 
 
 "We therefore recommend and indorse his 
 candidacy for renomination and pledge our- 
 selves to support it in the forthcoming primary 
 election, and, should he be nominated, to use all 
 honorable means to secure his re-election by the 
 voters of Illinois next November." 
 
 ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR DENEEN AT 
 PANA, AUGUST 23, 1912. 
 
 I have been Governor of Illinois for nearly 
 eight years. They have been eventful years 
 in the history of our State and have been filled 
 with work and deeds which speak for them- 
 selves. During that time a nation-wide strug- 
 gle has been carried on in the various state 
 legislatures for the enlargement of popular 
 rights, the curtailment of special privileges, 
 the expansion of the functions of the State and 
 the application of the regulative" powers of 
 government to business, employment, health, 
 safety, training and education. In regard to 
 all these matters I simply seek to be judged 
 by what has been accomplished. 
 
 The progressive enlargement of the powers 
 and responsibilities of the State and their ap- 
 plication to men and things and my attitude 
 towards them is a safe test as to my qualifica- 
 tions for the governorship. The criticisms of 
 my record by my opponents may not only be a 
 test of that record, if fair, but if unfair, may 
 be a test also of the character and qualifica- 
 tions for public service of the men who make 
 them. For it can never be that men who seek 
 to attain power by deceiving or misleading the 
 public can be safely trusted to deal with the 
 large affairs of a state administration where 
 great temptations to ambition or honesty are 
 constantly besetting the path of the public 
 servant. 
 
 First, as to the attitude of my Democratic 
 opponent, Hon. Edward F. Dunne. 
 
He has made a state-wide campaign and has 
 in every speech, so far as I can gather from 
 reports, made criticisms of my administration 
 which may be classified under three heads : 
 
 Extravagant Expenditure. I call the atten- 
 tion of the public to the character of this charge. 
 The Judge is neither frank nor fair in the charge 
 he makes. He seeks to create the impression 
 that there is something wrong about the increase 
 of expenditures made by the present State 
 administration over those made by Governor 
 Altgeld's administration. This is the charge 
 concerning this matter which is made -in Judge 
 Dunne's statement "To the Citizens of Illinois:" 
 
 "During that period the expense of maintaining the 
 government has increased from about $5,000,000.00 
 
 per annum under Altgeld 
 
 to the staggering total of nearly $15,000,000.00 per annum 
 under Deneen." 
 
 In the State platform, which he wrote in 
 collaboration with others, this statement is 
 made: 
 
 "We condemn the extravagance and profligate ex- 
 penditures of the last two Republican State administra- 
 tions of Illinois. This wasteful expenditure on the part 
 of the administration of Governor Deneen, having for 
 its object the providing of bounties for favorites in political 
 offices, and providing in other respects for the enrich- 
 ment of chosen contractors and special supply agencies 
 by the administration of the institutions of the State, 
 is condemned by the citizens of the State as lacking in 
 economy and efficiency." 
 
 Neither in his speeches nor in his platform 
 has any information been given to the public 
 that would support such untruthful and un- 
 warranted charges. The answer to these vague, 
 general and untruthful charges must be found 
 in a recital of the facts. 
 
 The Appropriations. Appropriations are made 
 not by the Governor but by the General As- 
 sembly. There are fifty-one Senators in the 
 General Assembly and 153 members of the 
 House of Representatives. The Constitution 
 provides that the vote of a majority of the 
 members elected to each House is necessary to 
 make appropriations. What were the appro- 
 priations? 
 
 FIRST There are eighteen charitable institu- 
 tions maintained by the State. The appropria- 
 tions therefor are $9,671,258.67 for two years, 
 or nearly $5,000,000.00 per year. This is ex- 
 pended by a Board of Administration, three 
 members of which are Republicans, Hon. L. Y. 
 Sherman, Dr. Frank P. Norbury, Col. Frank D. 
 Whipp, and two Democrats, Hon. Benjamin R. 
 Burroughs, former circuit judge for twenty-one 
 years in the Third Illinois Judicial District, 
 and Hon. Thomas O'Connor, former mayor of 
 
Peoria. The employes in these institutions, 
 numbering 2,642, are all under civil service. In 
 making these appropriations there were not 
 more than two votes cast in the General As- 
 sembly against any one of the items which 
 make up the large amount stated. And, in 
 passing, I call attention to the fact that we 
 now appropriate as much money for the main- 
 tenance and support of .the charitable wards of 
 the State as the total appropriations made for 
 the State administration during Governor Alt- 
 geld's term of office. 
 
 SECOND There was appropriated for educa- 
 tional purposes $9,119,172.12 for two years. 
 This was expended by the officers of the com- 
 mon schools of our State through the Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction, by the trustees 
 of the five State normals and by the trustees 
 of the University of Illinois, without a question 
 being -raised during my administration as to 
 the integrity and honesty of the expenditure 
 of a single dollar. It will be noticed, too, that 
 these appropriations amount to nearly $5,000,- 
 000.00 per year. 
 
 THIRD There was appropriated $1,837,000.00 
 for fees which, for the first time, were by law 
 required to be turned into the State treasury 
 so that the Legislature and the public could 
 be fully informed as to the financial transac- 
 tions of the various State departments, and then 
 were appropriated back to the departments 
 from which they came. This was a mere mat- 
 ter of bookkeeping and represented no burden 
 whatever upon the taxpayers. 
 
 FOURTH There was appropriated $1,248,595.83 
 for the National Guard of our State. These 
 expenditures are supervised and audited by the 
 Department and Institution Auditor in the 
 Governor's office and by the Executive Committee 
 of the National Guard Association, selected 
 by the National Guard itself, and no question 
 as to the integrity and honesty of the expendi- 
 ture of a dollar of these appropriations has 
 ever been raised. 
 
 FIFTH There was appropriated for the State 
 penitentiaries and the reformatory at Pontiac 
 $1,892,100.00, and this expenditure has been 
 made by four different boards, audited by cer- 
 tified public accountants, audited by the Insti- 
 tution Auditor of the Governor's office and 
 audited by the State Auditor. No question has 
 ever been raised as to the honesty of the ex- 
 penditure of a single dollar. 
 
 SIXTH- There was appropriated for salaries of 
 State officers and members of the General Assem- 
 bly, whose compensation is fixed by law, $2,400,- 
 000.00. 
 
 9 . 
 
A complete classified statement of appropria- 
 tions made by the Forty-seventh General As- 
 sembly follows: 
 
 Salaries, State officers and 
 members of the General 
 Assembly $2,400,000 00 
 
 Educational purposes 9,119,172 12 
 
 Charitable 9,907,658 65 
 
 Penal and Reformatory 1,892,100 00 
 
 Agricultural . 471,600 00 
 
 Illinois National Guard 1,248,595 83 
 
 Purchase of Starved Rock.. 151,000 00 
 
 State Contracts Printing, 
 
 Stationery and Binding. . . . 276,000 00 
 
 $25,466,126 60 
 
 Private Secretary, Clerk hire 
 and office expenses for 
 State officers $1,345,117 00 
 
 Commissioners, including 
 Railroad and Warehouse, 
 Civil Service and all Com- 
 missioners 1,548,840 00 
 
 Boards, including Health, 
 
 Pardons, etc 462,000 00 
 
 Libraries and Museum 89,934 00 
 
 Supreme and Appellate Courts 148,230 00 
 
 Bureau of Labor, Free Em- 
 ployment and Factory In- 
 spector 137,500 00 
 
 Emplove"s and expense Gen- 
 eral Assembly 240,950 00 
 
 Miscellaneous, including 
 
 Special Appropriations, 
 Court of Claims awards, 
 
 Monuments, etc 219,477 89 
 
 4,192,048 89 
 
 Grand Total $29,658,175 49 
 
 Now, Judge Dunne tries to leave the impres- 
 sion in the public mind that these appropria- 
 tions -are, to use his own words, "staggering," 
 "wasteful" and "extravagant." The Democrats 
 in the House and the Senate did not think 
 so. They voted for these appropriations. There 
 is not an item of these appropriations, except 
 one an item of $20,000.00 for a biological live 
 stock laboratory in which there were more 
 than three votes registered against any one of 
 these appropriations in either house of the 
 General Assembly. In almost every instance 
 the vote was unanimous. 
 
 It would be impossible in a speech to give 
 the reasons for the increasing expenditures 
 for each item, because of their number. But I 
 will take up two of the largest items and treat 
 them in a general way: the State Charities 
 and Education. 
 
 During the last year of Governor Altgeld's 
 administration the total number of persons 
 cared for by the State charities administration 
 was 8,831. The number in our eighteen State 
 charitable institutions on Aug. 1, 1912, was 
 17,802. During my administrations four thousand 
 
 10 
 
of these have been taken out of the poor houses 
 and alms houses in the State, and the counties 
 thus relieved of the cost of their maintenance, 
 the burden being transferred from the county to 
 the State. Permanent improvements have been 
 made during my administration in these institu- 
 tions, aggregating $4,616,670.00, which has placed 
 them upon the high level of the best institutions 
 of this character in this country or any other 
 country. The cost of the administration of this 
 charitable service will increase and not decrease, 
 regardless of who is the Governor of the State. 
 The net increase of the insane alone per annum 
 in our State is 400. During one administration 
 of four years this amounts to 1,600, the standard 
 population of an insane hospital. Figuring the 
 cost by the experience of our State and other 
 states for the maintenance and equipment of this 
 class of institution, this will add to each adminis- 
 tration a burden of $1,281,000.00. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The last General Assembly appropriated $2,- 
 000,000.00 per annum in aid of the public schools, 
 in place of the $1,000,000.00 per annum which 
 theretofore had been appropriated for this purpose 
 since 1872. This tax was made to relieve somewhat 
 the burden of school taxes which is one of the 
 greatest burdens borne by the tax payers. The 
 State has now assumed to a greater extent than 
 ever before in its history the burden of the 
 support of the public schools. 
 
 The growth and expansion of the functions of 
 the University of Illinois have called for larger 
 appropriations. Under Governor Altgeld's admin- 
 istration there was appropriated for the Univer- 
 sity of Illinois, for the first two years, $334,700.00; 
 for the second two years, $427,000.00. During 
 my last administration the General Assembly 
 has appropriated for the University of Illinois, 
 for the first two years, $2,463,500.00; for the 
 second two years, $3,714,300.00. 
 
 The five normal schools of the State received 
 for the last two years an appropriation of $1,239,- 
 572.12. 
 
 As I stated, Judge Dunne tries to leave the 
 impression that he would lower the appropria- 
 tions and in this way reduce the burden of 
 taxation. His statement is neither frank, fair nor 
 intelligent. He does not indicate where, in his 
 opinion, the expenditures could be or should be 
 reduced. 
 
 In view of the misleading character of his 
 statements and the false impressions they con- 
 vey, I challenge him to state what department 
 of the State government he would first attack. 
 Will he make his first assault upon the wards 
 
 11 
 
of the State? Will he cripple the State's activi- 
 ties in education? Will he cripple the National 
 Guard? Will he manage the penitentiaries so 
 that they will compete in their work with out- 
 side work and thus reduce the cost of their 
 maintenance? Will he advocate a change of the 
 law that requires the fees which are received by 
 the departments to be turned into the State 
 treasury and appropriated out of it so that he 
 may appear to make a saving in the aggregate 
 appropriations? 
 
 If any considerable curtailment is made in these 
 appropriations, some or all of these institutions 
 and departments will have to suffer in their service 
 and efficiency. 
 
 Again, replying to his statement and his plat- 
 form, which he wrote, in which he suggests that 
 appropriations have been made for the enrich- 
 ment of chosen contractors and special supply 
 agencies by the administration of the institutions 
 of the State, I have to state in answer thereto that 
 no contractor has been favored during my adminis- 
 tration and no special supply agencies favored. 
 The contracts for supplies and for work on the 
 public buildings have been let openly and the 
 bids have been opened in the presence of all the bid- 
 ders. No complaints have been made of the fair- 
 ness or honesty of any of the awards. The plans 
 have not been changed to aid the successful 
 bidders, nor have deficiency appropriations been 
 made to complete the work. Buildings amounting 
 to $6,524,710.00 have been erected during my 
 administration and there has been no scandal 
 regarding any of this work, nor has even a suspicion 
 of dishonesty been raised in connection therewith. 
 
 Again, is our State government extravagant? 
 The best way to test this is to compare its expendi- 
 tures with those of other states of like character 
 and condition. I cite the annual per capita 
 disbursements of several states to show the rela- 
 tive lowness of Illinois expenditures: 
 
 Illinois, average per capita disbursements for the 
 
 years 1911-12 $2.62 
 
 Wisconsin, for the year 1908 4 . 23 
 
 Michigan, for the year 1909 4 .22 
 
 Indiana, for the year 1910. . . 3.12 
 
 California, for the year 1908 6 .86 
 
 Colorado, for the year 1906 7 .03 
 
 Massachusetts, for the year 1909 3 .85 
 
 Minnesota, for the year 1909 6.12 
 
 New Jersey, for the year 1908 3 .34 
 
 New York, for the year 1910 6 .30 
 
 Pennsylvania, for the year 1909 3 .91 
 
 A complete comparison of the per capita 
 disbursements of all the states shows that Illi- 
 nois disbursements are much lower than 70 
 per cent and slightly higher than 30 per cent of 
 those of the other states. 
 
 12 
 
These facts answer and refute Judge Dunne's 
 charges and show that his campaign on finance, 
 if sincere, is an effort to make progressive advance- 
 ment toward a lower standard of government 
 and place Illinois with the more backward states. 
 Again, Illinois State taxation is not high or 
 extravagant. The tax rate has been uniformly 
 30 cents, or its equivalent under the other basis 
 of assessed valuation during my terms of office. 
 It is now 35 cents on the $100.00 of assessed 
 property valuation. Two years ago it was 30 
 cents. The increase was made necessary largely 
 to meet the $8,403,180.00 appropriated for 
 extraordinary and permanent improvements in 
 the various institutions. But notwithstanding 
 these extraordinary appropriations, the general 
 revenue fund was increased only from 25 cents 
 to 26.2 cents on the $100.00 valuation, or a net 
 increase of 1.2 cents and the school fund, by 
 reason of the additional million dollars per 
 annum appropriated to the school districts, 
 was increased from 5 cents to 8 cents and 8 mills 
 on the one hundred dollars, or an increase of 3 
 cents and 8 mills on the one hundred dollars. 
 Again I say, is this the "staggering," "extrava- 
 gant" "wasteful" extravagance of which he 
 complains in his statement and his platform? 
 The State tax is lower than the tax imposed by 
 any municipality in Illinois and can hardly be 
 noticed in the aggregate taxes for county, town- 
 ship, city, roads and bridges, bond taxes, school 
 taxes, parks and other purposes. 
 
 Judge Dunne's statement is misleading in 
 another respect. He seeks to convey the im- 
 pression that the increase in expenditures from 
 $5,000,000.00 to $15,000,000.00 represents a pro- 
 portionate increase in the burden of taxation on 
 real and personal property. That his state- 
 ment is misleading, the following comparison 
 between the receipts of the State treasury from 
 all sources during Altgeld's term and those for 
 the seven years of my administration will show: 
 
 13 
 
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS INTO STATE TREASURY. 
 
 From From 
 
 Jan. 1, 1893, Jan. 1, 1905, 
 to Jan. 1, 1897. to Jan. 1, 1912. 
 From What Source. 
 
 State tax $11,688,602 22$42,271,266 68 
 
 Inheritance tax 5,373,232 64 
 
 Illinois Central R. R. Co . . . 2,858,275 69 8,219,340 16 
 
 Secretary of State 317,505 45 3,549,818 72 
 
 Insurance Department .... 497.326 64 3,825,645 40 
 Charitable institutions since 
 under supervision of Board 
 
 of Administration 507,827 26 
 
 Miscellaneous sources in- 
 cluding official fees of de- 
 partments other than 
 above named ; amount col- 
 lected under provisions of 
 Game and Fish laws; in- 
 terest on public funds; 
 amount received from U. 
 S. Govt. in aid of Soldiers' 
 and Sailors' Home and 
 College of Agriculture 822,310 55 3,359,628 40 
 
 Total $16,184,020 55S67, 106,759 26 
 
 Note Above does not include the following trust 
 funds, viz: Registered Bond, Miners' Examining and 
 Kaskaskia Commons, Permanent School Fund. 
 
 The total amount of State tax collected on assessment 
 of 1909, $7,283,519.96. 
 
 The total amount of State tax collected on assessment 
 of 1910, $6,400,132.43. 
 
 State tax on assessment of 1911 in process of collection. 
 
 I may ask Judge Dunne whether these large 
 revenues accruing to the State from sources 
 other than taxation appear to him "staggering" 
 and whether on that account he would proceed 
 forthwith to reduce them. If so, I ask him 
 again to specify in what particulars. 
 
 Judge Dunne is again unfortunate in making 
 Governor Altgeld's administration his standard 
 of comparison. The public is familiar with the 
 fact that. Governor Altgeld changed a large 
 surplus left in the treasury by his Republican 
 predecessor into a deficit; that he spent nearly 
 $3,000,000.00 more than was raised by the State 
 through taxation and otherwise during his 
 administration; that when he left nearly every 
 State department showed a deficit and a large 
 number of the State officials or heads of depart- 
 ments defaulted. I was called upon myself as 
 state's attorney of Cook county, to prosecute 
 a number of those who had criminally withheld 
 public funds to the amount of several hundred 
 thousand dollars. Whatever else may be said 
 of Governor Altgeld's administration, it can 
 hardly be held up as a model for the financial 
 administration of the State government. And 
 if Judge Dunne is to pattern his administration 
 shCuld he be elected, after that of Governor 
 Altgeld, we can know in advance what to expect. 
 
 14 
 
But regardless of comparisons with Governor 
 Altgeld's administration, Judge Dunne seeks to 
 convey the impression that there must be some- 
 thing wrong with the administration of the 
 State finances when the expenditures increase in 
 sixteen years in the State administration from 
 S5,000,000.00 to $15,000,000.00. Judge Dunne 
 is singularly unfortunate in this argument, be- 
 cause I can answer it in kind. Judge Dunne was 
 elected mayor of Chicago in April, 1905. The 
 appropriations made just preceding his election 
 for that year by the Chicago City Council were 
 $36,782,270.32; the following year, 1906, the ap- 
 propriations were $40,193,291.31. The appro- 
 priations made by his administration in 1907, 
 while he was mayor and candidate for re-elec- 
 tion, and before the election when he expected 
 to be re-elected, were $49,671,206.29. 
 
 It will be interesting to compare these appro- 
 priations with those for the Chicago adminis- 
 tration sixteen years before, just as he has com- 
 pared mine with Governor Altgeld's. 
 
 In 1889 the appropriation for the city of Chi- 
 cago was $6,326,651.21; in 1890, $9,558,334.80; 
 and in 1891, $10,453,370.41. 
 
 I regret that Judge Dunne's experience as 
 mayor of Chicago and the great increase of ap- 
 propriations that occurred during his term over 
 the term preceding it by sixteen years has 
 caused him to look upon such increases with 
 suspicion; and if he has any reasons out of his 
 own experience as mayor of Chicago, that would 
 justify such a suspicion, I suggest that he be 
 more explicit in stating his experience than he 
 has been in making his charges against the in- 
 crease of expenditures in this State. 
 
 THE JACK POT. 
 
 The second charge made by Judge Dunne re- 
 lates to the jack-pot. His speeches are an am- 
 plification of the plank in his platform, which 
 is as follows: 
 
 "We denounce the bi-partissnship, corruption and 
 jack-pot conspiracy, which, under the supervision and 
 acquiescence of Governor Deneen, have disgraced Illi- 
 nois." 
 
 This shameless and untruthful statement re- 
 flects no credit upon Judge Dunne. Every one 
 who has the least familiarity with State politics 
 remembers the bi-partisan combination which 
 was formed in our General Assembly in 1907 
 and 1908 to defeat me, and the spurious investi- 
 gation of the State charitable institutions which 
 was then made by the bi-partisans in the hope 
 of gathering material sufficient to deceive the 
 people about my administration and defeat my 
 re-election. 
 
 15 
 
The campaign waged against me in 1908 was 
 the most unscrupulous, the most corrupt and 
 the most disgraceful ever waged in our State. 
 Bi-partisan _ politics and bipartisan business 
 which sought., special privileges and unfair ad- 
 vantages joined in this campaign. You will re- 
 member that emblazoned on the black flag of 
 this bi-partisan army was the legend "For the 
 Honor of Illinois." Judge Dunne assisted act- 
 ively in that campaign and is entitled to what- 
 ever credit and honor may be due to him for 
 that assistance. After the election was over, the 
 bi-partisan combin ition determined to unseat me 
 at any cost. The iirst step was the organization 
 of the House of Representatives. . This was ef- 
 fected by a combination of twenty-six Republi- 
 cans, a very small minority of the party repre- 
 sentation, and fifty-nine Democrats, a very large 
 majority of the Democratic representation. This 
 combination elected the Speaker of the House of 
 Representatives and created the machinery for 
 the jack-pot. Its purpose was to unseat me, if 
 possible, and failing in that it directed its ener- 
 gies to nullifying the work of my administration. 
 
 Later, Senator Lorimer was elected by a 
 combination of fifty-five of the 127 Republicans 
 and fifty-three of the seventy-seven Democrats 
 of the General Assembly, most of whom were 
 hostile to me and my administration and en- 
 deavored to disgrace and defeat it. The public 
 is familiar with the methods pursued as well as 
 with the purposes of this bi-partisan combina- 
 tion. I made a State campaign against it in 
 1907 and 1908, in 1910 and again in 1912, and 
 was the only man in public life who waged an 
 open and persistent campaign against this bi- 
 partisan organization which was the little brother 
 of the jack-pot. The people may be deluded and 
 deceived by the attacks of the bi-partisans, but 
 the bi-partisans themselves have not been con- 
 fused as to their interests and aims. By an un- 
 erring instinct they have regarded me as their 
 most dangerous opponent and have joined to 
 drive me out of public life. No other man in 
 public life in our State has been so bitterly and 
 so continuously pursued by these forces of cor- 
 ruption as I have. And now that investigation 
 and trials in our courts and in the Senate of the 
 United States have made the facts clear and the 
 infamy of it has been exposed, it is no credit to 
 Judge Dunne to try once more to mislead the 
 public regarding the true character and purposes 
 of the bi-partisan organization. 
 
 Most of the men who formed this combina- 
 tion are now either openly or secretly with Judge 
 Dunne and are doing what they can to effect 
 his election. Judge Dunne is endeavoring by 
 
 16 
 
the calling of names to have the people take him 
 seriously, but the bi-partisans understand him. 
 The few men who have confessed to sharing the 
 fruits of the jack-pot belong to his party. When 
 the struggles against the jack-pot counted, the 
 Judge was silent, and his speeches now are so 
 framed as to give no individual offense to them. 
 The difference between Judge Dunne and me on 
 the jack-pot is that I have been the victim of its 
 attacks and because of its hatred of me he ex- 
 pects to be a beneficiary. 
 
 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 
 
 Third and last, Judge Dunne has a universal 
 cure for all the ills of the body politic in the 
 initiative and referendum. His speeches are 
 an amplification of his platform in this regard. 
 The platform states: 
 
 "We protest against the defiance of public senti- 
 ment exhibited by the Governor and the Republican 
 Legislature in defeating the will of the people and refusing 
 to follow their -direction in the enactment of the initiative 
 and referendum." 
 
 The Constitution of the State provides that 
 an amendment to the Constitution can be sub- 
 mitted to the people only after the affirmative 
 votes of two-thirds of the members of each 
 house of the General Assembly. The Republi- 
 cans did not have two-thirds of the vote in each 
 House, and the Governor has neither the power 
 to initiate an amendment to the Constitution, 
 to vote upon it, or to veto it. The State Senate, 
 which was friendly to the administration, passed 
 the amendment, and the House, which was 
 governed by the to-partisan organization, de- 
 feated it. The reasons for its defeat were mani- 
 fest. The Constitution prohibits the submission 
 of amendments to more than one article of the 
 Constitution at the same session. At the last 
 session there were pending three proposed 
 amendments to the Constitution, as follows: 
 Initiative and referendum; the reform of the 
 revenue; and the abolition of cumulative voting. 
 The rivalry among the friends of these three 
 amendments brought about the defeat of all. 
 
 Our Constitution is the most inelastic of the 
 state constitutions in its provisions regarding 
 amendments. I therefore recommended to the 
 General Assembly in extra session, after the 
 defeat of the initiative and referendum, the 
 submission of a proposal to amend the amend- 
 ing clause of our Constitution so as to permit 
 the submission of amendments to more than 
 one article at the same session. This was defeated 
 also. But this proposal has been endorsed and 
 advocated since by the Republicans in their 
 platform, by the Democrats and by the Pro- 
 gressives. It is plain that this is the only practical 
 plan by which our inelastic Constitution can be 
 
 17 
 
liberalized and modernized and it is as plain as 
 a pike staff that those who differ as to the pre- 
 cedence of amendments to the Constitution 
 should join in support of this amendment in order 
 to give us a more effective instrument of govern- 
 ment. The insistence on any one of the other 
 amendments creates confusion and prevents the 
 success of any. 
 
 Keeping in mind the provision of the Con- 
 stitution prohibiting the amendment of more 
 than one article of the Constitution at one time, 
 I desire to question the good faith of Judge 
 Dunne and his party in connection with their 
 proposed amendments to the State Constitution. 
 
 As I have stated heretofore, Judge Dunne, in 
 collaboration with others, wrote the Democratic 
 platform. These are the amendments to the 
 Constitution which they advocate and pledge 
 themselves to secure: 
 
 1. Initiative and referendum. 
 
 2. Revision of the revenue laws. 
 
 (A non-partisan commission appointed by me, of which 
 Hon. A. M. Craig of Galesburg, member of the Supreme 
 Court for so many years, and Hon. Benjamin Caldwell, 
 member of Congress for a number of years, and recently 
 a candidate for Governor at the Democratic primaries, 
 were the Democratic representatives, joined in a report 
 stating that the revenue laws cannot be revised and made 
 equal in their application without an amendment to the 
 Constitution.) 
 
 3. The amendment of the amending clause of the 
 Constitution. 
 
 4. The short ballot, which abolishes certain constitu- 
 tional offices. 
 
 It will be observed that they fail to mention 
 the most important constitutional amendment 
 of all in reference to honest legislation in our 
 State that is, the abolition of the system of 
 cumulative voting for members of the House 
 of Representatives which was responsible for 
 the bi-partisan organization of the General 
 Assembly and the jack-pot. 
 
 Any program of reform which omits the abo- 
 lition of cumulative voting is fatally defective 
 because it enables men to enter or remain in 
 public life in defiance of public opinion and the 
 majority of the voters. It affords an oppor- 
 tunity for minority rule and for the maintenance 
 of corrupt political alliances. 
 
 The sum and substance of Judge Dunne's 
 campaign is criticism, without any foundation 
 in facts, and promises, without possibility of 
 fulfillment. 
 
 THE BULL MOOSE PARTY 
 
 In this connection I desire to call attention 
 to the platform and to the conduct of the so- 
 called Bull Moose party of our State. This 
 party endeavors to out-Herod Herod in its 
 
 18 
 
pledges of amendments to the Constitution. 
 Remembering its oft repeated statements that 
 it does not issue a platform but makes a contract 
 with the people, which, according to its candi- 
 date for Governor, Senator Funk, is "to be 
 kept down to its last comma," I call attention 
 to what it will undertake to do in the way of 
 amending the Constitution. 
 
 It promises the following constitutional amend- 
 ments : 
 
 1. Initiative, referendum and recall. 
 
 2. To amend the amending clause of the Constitution. 
 
 3. To provide for the short ballot by abolishing 
 constitutional offices. 
 
 4. To revise the revenue law by giving larger powers 
 to the General Assembly. 
 
 5. The recall of judicial decisions. 
 
 6. The abolition of cumulative voting. 
 
 7. Woman suffrage. 
 
 8. Limiting Chicago's representation in the General 
 Assembly. 
 
 Those who are familiar with the provisions 
 of the Constitution limiting amendments to 
 one article at one time and the difficulty of sub- 
 mitting amendments and having them adopted 
 by the people, would think the contract which 
 the Bull Moose party seeks to enter into with 
 the people is not for a term of four years, as 
 provided for by the present Constitution, but 
 a ninety-nine year lease. The very statement 
 of the program shows the utter futility of its 
 promised accomplishment. The manifest pur- 
 pose is to gather strength by appealing to citizens 
 who are interested in any phase of the proposed 
 constitutional amendments and is so apparent 
 as to deceive no one. 
 
 And the conduct of the party is no more sin- 
 cere than its contract. I call the attention of 
 the people of this State to its oft repeated dec- 
 larations in favor of a square deal and of the 
 direct rule of the people. Let us try its own 
 conduct by these tests. 
 
 In Illinois every citizen who belonged to any 
 political party had the right to go to the primaries 
 on April 9th and to cast his vote for the nominees 
 of his party for all elective offices and the votes 
 were counted as cast. No one questioned the 
 regularity of the primary election of April 9th 
 or the integrity of the returns. State-wide 
 campaigns were made by many candidates and 
 the political situation in our State was fully 
 discussed before the vote was had. Men of 
 all parties acquiesced in the result because 
 of the fairness of the primaries. Not only that 
 but our State gave to its citizens the right to 
 express their choice of nominees for President 
 of the United States and our presidential pref- 
 erence primary law is considered the model of its 
 
 19 
 
kind in the country. Few of the candidates 
 for office took 'any part in the presidential con- 
 test and the result of the vote on President was 
 a true expression of the views of our people 
 uninfluenced by party leaders or factional strife. 
 
 One of the strange features of this campaign 
 is the contradictory attitude of the Bull Moose 
 party in relation to primary election laws. It 
 makes its appeal to voters elsewhere to strike 
 down party leaders because they have not en- 
 acted primary laws like Illinois has, under 
 which the Bull Moose party won its first vic- 
 tory. In Illinois, it makes its appeal to the 
 voters to strike down those leaders to whose 
 persistent effort the enactment of our direct 
 primary election law was due. 
 
 I was one of the delegates to the Republican 
 National Convention and did everything in my 
 power to support the cause of Theodore Roose- 
 velt, . not only voting for him directly as in- 
 structed, but in all parliamentary matters that 
 might affect his candidacy regardless of my 
 own individual view as to the wisdom of some 
 of them. This was true of nearly every dele- 
 gate that was sent to the convention from our 
 State. I considered myself an agent of our 
 party to carry out its views. When the friends 
 of Colonel Roosevelt refused to take any further 
 part in the National Republican Convention 
 and announced that they would form a new 
 party the same day, I did not feel that I was 
 justified either in law or in morals in using the 
 power conferred upon me by the Republicans of 
 this State, in forming a party whose chief purpose 
 it was to destroy the Republican party. 
 
 Shortly thereafter a small body of men com- 
 prising five or more undertook the organiza- 
 tion of the third party in this State and issued 
 a call for the selection of delegates. 
 
 I desire to call attention to certain phases of 
 their conduct. First, the call was issued to 
 select delegates to choose electors to their 
 national convention and to make such other 
 nominations as, in the judgment of the dele- 
 gates, should be wise. This was construed to 
 mean that the delegates selected would deter- 
 mine at the convention whether or not they 
 would nominate third party tickets for Illinois. 
 A committee consisting of five gentlemen called 
 upon me and the other State nominees of the 
 Republican party and asked us whether or not 
 we would support Theodore Roosevelt for 
 President of the United States, and the Pro- 
 gressive party. The plan to be pursued was 
 for the regular, legal nominees of the Republi- 
 can party to remain as candidates on the Re- 
 
 20 
 
publican ticket and control its machinery, but 
 to repudiate their own ticket and support an- 
 other hostile to it; in which event no State 
 candidates were to be nominated by the Bull 
 Moose party and the support of the Bull Moose 
 party was to be accorded to the State candi- 
 dates on the Republican ticket. The price ex- 
 acted of us for their support was treason to 
 our own party. We were to keep on the livery 
 of the Republican party but were to be in the 
 actual service of a party bent on destroying it. 
 
 The Republican State candidates having re- 
 fused so to do, the Advisory Committee of the 
 Bull Moose party amended their call and an- 
 nounced that the Advisory Committee would 
 select the presiding officer in each county 
 caucus; that no one would be permitted to 
 participate in the caucus unless he would sign 
 a written pledge to the effect that he would 
 support not only the National Bull Moose 
 ticket, but the State Bull Moose ticket also. 
 And to make assurance of their control doubly 
 sure they announced that the Advisory Com- 
 mittee would make up the temporary roll call 
 of their convention and thus name the jury 
 that would vote upon contests, if any were 
 made. Later, in their nervous anxiety lest the 
 delegates in their individual judgments should 
 disagree with the small Advisory Committee 
 which had assumed control, the evening before 
 the delegates convened in convention, they ex- 
 acted a new written pledge from each delegate 
 that he would ' support a National and State 
 ticket of the third party in Illinois. 
 
 The result was that although Theodore 
 Roosevelt received 266,917 votes in Illinois the 
 caucuses were poorly attended, a handful par- 
 ticipating in them in the counties outside of 
 Cook, and most of the participants being dis- 
 appointed office seekers or defeated factional 
 leaders. In Chicago and Cook County the Ad- 
 visory Committee refused to announce the 
 places where the caucuses would be held; but 
 on the morning of the caucuses published the 
 name of one man in each of the thirty-five 
 wards in Chicago and the six Commissioners' 
 Districts in Cook County without giving their 
 addresses, and stated that these men would 
 give the information when and where the 
 caucuses would be held in their various wards 
 and districts. In a caucus in one of the wards 
 in Chicago, I am informed that fewer than five 
 citizens attended the meeting, and, as no in- 
 formation was given in advance as to the where- 
 abouts of the meetings in the various wards, 
 the press could not give any definite information 
 regarding their proceedings. 
 
 21 
 
This boss-ridden method of organizing a con- 
 vention, the worst which has been witnessed 
 in our State for a generation, was necessary 
 because of the well known fact that the great 
 body of the men who voted for Theodore Roose- 
 velt's nomination for President of the United 
 States in our State, felt the injustice of putting 
 up a State ticket against men who had been 
 nominated themselves at the same primary 
 election and whose credentials were unques- 
 tioned; for if these men had been permitted 
 to have their influence felt in the organization 
 of the third party they would have prevented 
 such a scandalous misuse of power. 
 
 But added to these bad features we have two 
 others which are worse. The Bull Moose party 
 not only determined by putting up a "spite" 
 ticket to destroy the Republican party, but 
 they determined to destroy all responsibility 
 of parties in this State. This was to be accom- 
 plished by two methods. First, pretending that 
 they expect to elect their State ticket in Novem- 
 ber, they have authorized the same delegates 
 who attended the State convention to name but 
 one candidate for representative in each sena- 
 torial district. This, if all were elected, would 
 represent but one-third of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. Their leaders claim that they expect 
 to elect from fifteen to twenty representatives 
 and thereby hold the balance of power and thus 
 prevent any party from having a majority in the 
 Illinois House of Representatives, thus compelling 
 a bi-partisan or tri-partisan organization of the 
 House of Representatives. According to the 
 statement of the leaders they are to issue letters 
 of marque and reprisal to a pirate crew commis- 
 sioned to sail the legislative seas and to exact 
 from those they meet the price of peace. The 
 experience of our State with the breaking down 
 of party government is too fresh in the minds 
 of the people to need recital here. The bi- 
 partisan organization of the Illinois House of 
 Representatives in 1907 and 1909 and the tri- 
 partisan organization of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in 1891, when the F. M. B. A. with 
 only three members held the balance of power, 
 are not such as to invite a repetition of these 
 experiences and scandals. 
 
 Not content with this, however, the Bull 
 Moose party in its platform, which it says is 
 a contract with the people, which is to be kept, 
 as its candidate for Governor, Senator Funk, 
 says: "to the last comma," pledges itself to 
 amend the primary law so that any citizen could 
 go into the polling booth at the primary without 
 declaring his party affiliations and vote secretly 
 his choice of candidates. This would extend 
 
 22 
 
the bi-partisan or tri-partisan alliance from the 
 House of Representatives of our State to the 
 polling places and the people, and so, utterly 
 destroy party organization and party affiliation. 
 It would enable men of opposite political parties 
 to make a farce of party nominations and party 
 platforms. Heretofore, laws regulating the cau- 
 cuses and primary elections have been made for 
 the purpose of insuring a true and free expression 
 of the choice of the party. Should the Bull 
 Moose party be given power to carry out their 
 views, hereafter a primary would become a 
 means of destroying party cohesion and insuring 
 party disintegration. 
 
 This is the program offered by the third party 
 to the people of our State in the name of a square 
 deal and a direct rule of the people. The voters 
 of our State should keep in mind the conduct of 
 these leaders and their principles announced in 
 their platform as they listen to their clamorous 
 complaints against everybody and everything 
 but themselves in this campaign. 
 
 Let nobody be deceived as to what this means. 
 Its result would be to divide the forces of pro- 
 gress in this State and to confer political power 
 upon the Democratic party. The leaders of the 
 so-called Progressive party in this State are willing 
 to bring this about to gratify their revenge because 
 they were deleated in the fair primaries of April 
 9th. Their State ticket is a SPITE TICKET. 
 Their platform is not meant to be carried out 
 but to gather sufficient strength to defeat the 
 Republican party because they cannot control 
 it. Is it conceivable that men, who are unwil- 
 ling to abide the result of a vote which they do 
 not question, will be able to keep large bodies of 
 men together so as to enact laws and carry on 
 administration? Is it conceivable that men who 
 are willing to wreck all the progress that has 
 been made in the last seven years to gratify their 
 revenge will have the patience or will make the 
 personal sacrifices necessary in the struggle to 
 achieve and execute reforms? The questions 
 answer themselves. 
 
 Our State is a progressive State and its list 
 of reforms secured in the past seven years has 
 been a notable one. It includes: 
 
 1. Direct primaries, giving to the citizens 
 control over the entrances to public life. 
 
 2. State Civil Service Laws, making appoint- 
 ments to the State service depend upon merit. 
 
 3. The reorganization of the charitable insti- 
 tutions and the vast expansion of their service 
 and its improvement. 
 
 4. Reform of the State Insurance Laws, 
 making them a model for the insurance legisla- 
 tion of the country. 
 
 2:3 
 
5. The enlargement of the powers of the 
 State over railroads, express companies, inter- 
 urban railways and other public utilities and 
 the reduction of freight and passenger rates and 
 enlarged powers to regulate the service of these 
 public utilities. 
 
 6. The revision of the laws relating to edu- 
 cation, and appropriations to enable our schools 
 to perform more adequately their important 
 functions. 
 
 7. Conservation of the natural resources of 
 our streams and minerals. 
 
 8; Labor legislation for protecting employes 
 in mines, in factories and on railroads; laws re- 
 lating to child labor; to the conditions of labor; 
 to the hours of employment for women; occupa- 
 tional diseases laws; the hazardous machinery 
 law; the Workmen's Compensation Act, and 
 other laws of a similar character, greater in 
 number and effectiveness than all those hereto- 
 fore enacted since the organization of the State. 
 
 9. Laws relating to agriculture and appro- 
 priations made for its encouragement, develop- 
 ment and diversification. 
 
 10. Business Administration. Abolishing the 
 use of railroad passes by all those connected 
 with the administration; the letting of all con- 
 tracts in the presence of the bidders; making of 
 no deficiency appropriations; freedom from 
 scandals in relation to any and all contracts 
 which have been let ; the introduction of uniform 
 bookkeeping in State institutions and depart- 
 ments; the itemization of accounts of agents of 
 the State and of all expenses incident to their 
 work. 
 
 11. The auditing of all public accounts by an 
 institution auditor, connected with the Govern- 
 or's office. 
 
 12. Payment for the first time in our State's 
 history of interest upon public funds amounting 
 in the aggregate to $259,704.55. 
 
 The expenditures of all sums of money have 
 been made during the past seven years without 
 a question as to the outlay of a single dollar. 
 
 13. The institution of suit against the Illi- 
 nois Central to recover large amounts due the 
 State. 
 
 14. The unification of the control of the 
 eighteen charitable institutions under the Board 
 of Administration and the economies which have 
 resulted therefrom. 
 
 15. Changing the character of employment in 
 our State penitentiaries and reformatory and de- 
 voting it nearly exclusively to work for the State 
 and its agencies. 
 
 16. Creation in 1905 of the State Geological 
 Survey for the exhaustive study of the mineral. 
 
 24 
 
resources of the State and for the study of our 
 streams and reclamation work. 
 
 17. Creation of the State Fire Marshal's De- 
 partment. 
 
 18. Creation of the State Highway Commis- 
 sion. 
 
 19. Revision of the pure food laws, placing 
 them on a level with the national pure food 
 laws. 
 
 20. Saving for the State the right to the 
 water power in the Desplaines and Illinois rivers 
 by the institution of suits and carrying the same 
 to the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 21. Abolition of justice of the peace courts in 
 the City of Chicago. 
 
 22. Abolition of township governments in the 
 City of Chicago. 
 
 23. Extension of the term of the mayor of 
 Chicago from two to four years. 
 
 24. Act providing for the imposition of a 
 wheeled-vehicle tax in cities. 
 
 25. Act authorizing the City of Chicago to fix 
 the rates for gas and electricity for power, heat- 
 ing and lighting purposes. 
 
 26. Act authorizing cities to construct, main- 
 tain and operate harbors, docks and other term- 
 inal facilities for commercial purposes. 
 
 27. Various acts authorizing bond issues for 
 the improvement and extension of Chicago parks 
 and boulevards. 
 
 28. Various acts to enable Chicago park dis- 
 tricts to create small parks in congested areas of 
 the city, in which Chicago has taken the lead 
 among the cities of the country. 
 
 These and like reforms present a list which is 
 not surpassed by that of any of the states during 
 this time. Our State is not a reactionary state, 
 but is a progressive one. Its administration has 
 kept pace with the advancing ideas and senti- 
 ments of our people. The present campaign in 
 our State, so far as the State candidates are con- 
 cerned, is to be waged upon its record. We shall 
 present it to the people in all parts of the State 
 as the best test of the character of the present 
 administration and the best lecommendation and 
 assurance for the future. 
 
 In this campaign, the candidates, their admin- 
 istrations or their platforms are not the most im- 
 portant issues. The existence of the Republican 
 party itself is at stake. Men who sought nomin- 
 ations at its hands at the free primaries in 'April 
 last are now banded together to strike at its life. 
 Shall Illinois join in striking down the party 
 with which its name will be forever associated 
 in war and peace? Shall the State of Illinois 
 declare that the party of Abraham Lincoln has 
 outlived its usefulness and must perish? 
 
 25 
 
Governor Deenen made his campaign for nomi- 
 nation and election in 1904 on the following 
 platform : 
 
 1. Compulsory primary law. 
 
 2. Civil service law for state institutions. 
 
 3. Rehabilitation of state charitable institu- 
 tions. 
 
 4. Amendment to the constitution permitting 
 special legislation for Chicago. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Primary Election Laws. 
 
 In the primary campaign preceding the general 
 election of 1904, Governor Deneen was the only 
 candidate who made a state wide campaign in 
 favor of a primary election law. It was to his 
 persistent advocacy, more than to any other 
 single cause, that the movement which led to 
 the passage of the present primary election law 
 was due. 
 
 The first sentence in Governor Deneen's first 
 inaugural message declared: "Our state needs a 
 compulsory primary election law," and at the 
 following session the General Assembly enacted 
 the primary election law which became effective 
 June 1, 1905. The vote upon this measure was 
 as follows: House of Representatives, for the 
 bill: Republicans 84, Democrats 28; against the 
 bill: Democrats 18, Prohibitionists 1, Socialists 
 1. In the Senate, for the bill: Republicans 40, 
 Democrats 1. Against the bill: Republicans 1, 
 Democrats 3. (The votes necessary to pass a 
 bill are, in the House 77 and in the Senate 26.) 
 
 This law was declared unconstitutional by the 
 Supreme Court April 5, 1906, and on the same 
 day Governor Deneen issued a proclamation 
 convening the General Assembly on April 10, 
 five days later, to take up the consideration of a 
 primary election measure. 
 
 A bill was enacted at the extra session called 
 by the Governor by the following vote: In the 
 House, for the bill, 77 (the exact number neces- 
 sary for its passage); against the bill, 61. The 
 affirmative votes were all Republicans, except 
 one, a Prohibitionist, and the negative votes 
 were Democrats, 56; Republicans, 5. In the 
 Senate : For the bill, 37 ; against the bill, none. 
 
 On October 2, 1907, this law was also declared 
 unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. At the 
 time, the General Assembly, which had adjourned 
 May 10, 1907, was in recess, the time fixed for 
 reconvening being October 8. On that date, the 
 
 26 
 
Governor addressed to the General Assembly 
 a special message urging the enactment of a third 
 primary law. Shortly after convening, the Gen- 
 eral Assembly took several short recesses without 
 having accomplished anything in the way of the 
 enactment of a primary election law, and at length 
 took an adjournment until November 26. At that 
 time, it was the general opinion that the effort 
 for a primary election law would fail. During 
 this recess, therefore, Governor Deneen went 
 out into the State and before the reconvening of 
 the General Assembly and made a campaign 
 for a 'primary election law in fifty-three counties 
 in the State, and again was the only man to 
 make such a campaign. 
 
 Upon reconvening November 26, the General 
 Assembly passed a third primary election law 
 by the following vote: In the House, for the 
 bill, Republicans 50, Democrats 30, Prohibition- 
 ists 3; against the bill, Republicans, 19, Demo- 
 crats, 15. In the Senate, for the bill, Republicans 
 36, Democrats 5. Against the bill, Republicans 
 3, Democrats 1. 
 
 On June 16, 1909, the Supreme Court declared 
 this law unconstitutional, and on December 14, 
 1909, Governor Deneen reconvened the General 
 Assembly in special session to enact, among 
 other things, a fourth primary election law. 
 The law was enacted and this law was declared 
 constitutional by the Supreme Court in the case 
 of People vs. Charles S. Deneen, 247 111., p. 281, 
 and at last we have a constitutional primary 
 law upon our statute books. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL PREFERENCE PRIMARY LAW. 
 
 A strong movement existed for the passage of 
 a presidential preference primary law. The 
 General Assembly was accordingly convened in 
 extraordinary session on March 26, 1912, to 
 consider the passage of such a law. The matter 
 was submitted to the General Assembly by the 
 Governor in a special message in which he urged 
 the enactment of a presidential preference 
 primary law with an emergency clause so as to 
 make it effective at the primaries of April 9, 
 1912. The law was passed by the following 
 vote: In the House, Republicans 71, Democrats 
 31, Independents 2; in the Senate, Republicans 
 29, Democrats 8. 
 
 This is the history of the struggle for a primary 
 election law in this State. The change introduced 
 into the system of nominating party candidates 
 has been far-reaching. For the rules of the party 
 committees the laws of the State have been sub- 
 stituted and have thrown around the nomination 
 of party candidates the same legal safeguards as 
 our general election laws place about the election 
 
 27 
 
of public officers; and it is worthy of note that, 
 despite the repeated invalidating of primary 
 election laws by the Supreme Court, no nomina- 
 tion of party candidates has been made under 
 the old system since Governor Deneen was first 
 elected Governor, but every candidate has been 
 nominated at primary elections by the party 
 voters. 
 
 In this connection it may be well to allude to 
 certain criticisms which are being leveled at the 
 practice of holding party caucuses for the dis- 
 cussion of party principles and the consideration 
 of party candidates. This is not the first time 
 that this question has been raised. Four years 
 ago substantially the same criticism was in- 
 dulged in. But it must be remembered that since 
 that time a new primary election law has been 
 enacted and like all its predecessors, this law 
 does not prohibit either by letter or spirit the 
 holding of such caucuses. The criticism is 
 without foundation. Not only is the party 
 caucus or conference not prohibited by our 
 primary law, either in terms or by the remotest 
 implication, but it is safe to say that no law 
 could be drafted under our constitution, which 
 would prohibit such caucuses or conferences. 
 The party caucus is one of the oldest political insti- 
 tutions of our country. One of its purposes is the 
 discussion of the qualifications of various persons 
 as candidates for public office, and the men 
 participating in it have as much right to express 
 their individual opinions or joint opinions upon 
 these questions as any other class of citizens. 
 Surely, if civic federations, bar associations and 
 other organizations established for the improve- 
 ment of political and social conditions may not 
 only discuss the qualifications of party candidates 
 in advance of their nomination, but may publish 
 the results of their discussions and investigations 
 and make recommendations to the voters as to 
 whom they should or should not support, there 
 can be no valid objection to party leaders or 
 those familiar with party and public affairs so 
 doing. 
 
 In our political system, the practice of holding 
 such party gatherings has been universal. The 
 Democrats and Republicans, the Prohibitionists 
 and Socialists have found it necessary ; and whether 
 they did so or not could in no wise affect this 
 question. They would have a perfect right to 
 do so, and in doing so would be violating neither 
 the spirit nor the letter of the primary law. No 
 matter how many party factions, or how many 
 organizations of citizens may make their recom- 
 mendations to the voter, he is the final judge, 
 and in the secrecy of the election booth can mark 
 his ballot as he sees fit and deposit it with as 
 
 28 
 
complete secrecy in the ballot box where his 
 vote is decisive. 
 
 In one other matter, a criticism which has 
 already been answered conclusively, may as well 
 be set right here. It has been asserted that the 
 primary election law was violated by the action 
 of the convention in which Hon. John F. Smulski 
 received the Republican nomination for the State 
 treasurership and Hon. Lewis Rinaker the Repub- 
 lican nomination for judge of the County Court 
 of Cook County. 
 
 Under the primary law in effect at the time of 
 these nominations, delegates to the State conven- 
 tion were pledged to cast their vote upon first 
 ballot for the candidates for whom they had been 
 instructed. This was done in the cases referred 
 to, and as a majority of the delegates had been 
 instructed to support Mr. Smulski and Mr. 
 Rinaker, they were nominated in precise com- 
 pliance with the terms of the law, which was 
 mandatory on this subject. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 State Civil Service Law. 
 
 The second plank of Governor Deneen's plat- 
 form in 1904 pledged the enactment of a civil 
 service law for the State institutions, and in his 
 first message to the General Assembly, January 
 9, 1905, he advocated the passage of such a law. 
 The General Assembly at that session enacted our 
 first State Civil Service Law. It applied to the 
 seventeen State charitable institutions and went 
 into effect November 1, 1905. The number of 
 employes transferred at tha^ time from a pol- 
 itical to a merit basis of appointment under this 
 law was 2,269. 
 
 Through the influence of Governor Deneen, a 
 plank was introduced into the Republican State 
 platform of 1910 pledging the Republican party 
 to the enactment of a state-wide civil service law, 
 which was recommended in Governor Deneen's 
 biennial message of 1911 and was enacted at the 
 following session, becoming effective July 1, 1911. 
 
 The Illinois Civil Service Law now embraces ap- 
 proximately 4,700 out of 5,500 State employes or 
 80 per cent of the entire State service. The federal 
 civil service law was enacted in 1883. It now em- 
 braces 230,000 out of a total of 370,000 employes, 
 or 60 per cent of the federal service. The Wis- 
 consin civil service law was enacted in 1905; 1,057 
 out of 2,831 employes of that state are now in 
 the competitive division of the civil service, or 
 slightly more than 30 per cent. The remarkable 
 rapidity of the advance of the application of civil 
 service principles to the Illinois service is evident 
 from the above comparison. 
 
 .29 
 
Up to January 1, 1912, 22,029 persons had 
 applied for examination ; 9,462 appointments had 
 been made; 7,822 persons had resigned, and 
 2,254 had been discharged for various causes, such 
 as disobedience, negligence, inefficiency, drunken- 
 ness, etc. 
 
 The assessment of State employes for political 
 purposes, which Governor Deneen pledged him- 
 self to abolish when he was first candidate for 
 Governor, was eliminated by his order in all State 
 institutions when he assumed office, and now 
 under the State Civil Service Law such assessments 
 are prohibited. 
 
 A new feature in regard to the administration of 
 the State Civil Service Law has been established, 
 providing for an efficiency record of each employe, 
 showing the days he works and the character of 
 his service. If his efficiency record falls below 
 70 per cent for three months he is discharged. 
 The service has been greatly improved and its 
 efficiency raised under this system. No business 
 institution in the State has a better system of 
 checks upon its employes and their service. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 State Charitable Institutions. 
 
 One of the planks upon which Governor Deneen 
 made his campaign in 1904 pledged "the changing 
 of our insane hospitals from custodial to curative 
 institutions and the rehabilitation of State chari- 
 table institutions." 
 
 The rehabilitation and general reorganization 
 of the administration of our State charitable serv- 
 ice has been conducted along three lines: 
 
 PHYSICAL REHABILITATION. 
 
 One of the steps which was taken for the 
 improvement of the service in our State charita- 
 ble institutions, shortly after Governor Deneen 's 
 first inauguration as Governor, was the making 
 of a physical survey of the buildings and equip- 
 ment of these institutions. In 1905, under his 
 direction, the State Architect and a consulting 
 engineer made a complete survey of the State 
 buildings in this service and prepared a report to 
 the Governor and the General Assembly as to 
 their condition, improvements necessary and the 
 estimated cost of such improvements. This report 
 was made the basis of recommendations for ap- 
 propriations, and, though the appropriations 
 received were inadequate to carry out completely 
 the extensive plans of improvement set forth in 
 the report, the work has gone forward and is still 
 in progress, as fast as the funds available will 
 permit. The present condition of these buildings 
 and their equipment are in marked and very 
 
 30 
 
favorable contrast with those formerly prevailing, 
 and our institutions will now bear favorable com- 
 parison with those of any other state. 
 
 (For a detailed statement of new buildings 
 erected and other improvements made, see 
 Chapter XVII on State Architect and New 
 Buildings and Improvements.) 
 
 MEDICAL AND NURSING SERVICE. 
 
 1. There has been established at the Kankakee 
 State Hospital for the Insane a Psychopathic 
 Institute for the education and training of State 
 hospital physicians in nervous and mental dis- 
 orders, their symptoms, methods of treatment and 
 cure; and, further, for scientific investigation into 
 the causes of insanity looking to the discovery of 
 cures for forms now incurable. The physicians 
 employed by the State are required to attend this 
 institute from six weeks to three months each 
 year. When the Illinois Psychopathic Institute 
 was established there was only one other such 
 institute in the United States, that at Ann Arbor, 
 Michigan. 
 
 2. There has been established in the hospitals 
 for the insane at Kankakee, Elgin, Watertown, 
 Bartonville, Jacksonville and Anna, Psycho- 
 pathic Hospitals, where new patients are received, 
 their cases carefully diagnosed by the entire 
 hospital staff of physicians and the curable and 
 the non-curable cases classified. 
 
 3. Mechanical restraints have been abandoned 
 and in their place the mild hydrotherapeutic, 
 or water, treatment of the insane substituted. 
 The apparatus installed in the State hospitals 
 for this treatment is equal to that found in the 
 best private or public institutions in the world. 
 
 4. There has been a complete reorganization 
 of the medical administration in hospitals for 
 the insane with uniform records and laboratories 
 established in each, looking to the most humane 
 and scientific system of care and cure. 
 
 5. The segregation of consumptives in quart- 
 ers especially adapted to such purposes has been 
 provided for, to protect those not having con- 
 sumption from infection, and to cure or improve 
 those suffering from the "great white plague." 
 
 6. Compulsory training schools for nurses and 
 attendants at which nurses and attendants art 
 required to pursue courses of study from two 
 to four years have been established, with con- 
 ferring of certificates and diplomas upon graduates 
 therefrom. 
 
 7. New buildings of the pure hospital type 
 for the treatment of new cases of insanity and 
 of insane persons suffering from other forms of 
 disease, such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, etc., 
 have been erected. 
 
 31 
 
8. Systems of industrial re-education of the 
 chronic insane, which abolish the curse of idleness, 
 fit many cases for discharge from the hospitals 
 and save the State money, have been introduced. 
 
 9. A law was passed in 1909 providing for 
 complete State care of the insane. Under it 
 1,500 patients have been taken out of the alms 
 houses of the State, where they had been kept 
 without adequate medical treatment or care, 
 and transferred to curative State hospitals, where 
 they are receiving the best medical care and 
 treatment (only 80 patients now remain in county 
 almshouses), and on July 1st 2,500 additional 
 patients were transferred from the Cook County 
 institution at Dunning. This change marks an 
 epoch in the public care of the insane in this 
 State. 
 
 10. Dietitians are employed to prepare a 
 healthful, nutritious and varied dietary for the 
 state charitable institutions, and a monthly 
 statement is sent to each institution by the State 
 Board of Administration, giving a summary of 
 the dietaries of all institutions. 
 
 STATE VISITATION OF CHILDREN. 
 
 In 1905 the act creating the office of State 
 Agent for the Visitation of Children was passed, 
 and a State Agent appointed thereunder. The 
 General Assembly in 1905 made an appropriation 
 of $4,500 per year for carrying on the work; in 
 1907 the appropriation was increased to $5,500 
 per year, and in 1909 to $11,300 per year, per- 
 mitting the extension of the work. Last year 
 there was but one visitor engaged under the 
 State Agent. This year there will be three. 
 
 In 1911 another act was passed providing for 
 the maintenance of children of poor and worthy 
 parents at their own homes, subject to the 
 friendly visitation of a public officer. The 
 amount allowed in such cases has been left 
 entirely to the discretion of the court, upon 
 whose order the county board is directed to pay 
 the amount designated to the parents of such 
 dependent children. 
 
 STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 The administration of the State charitable 
 institutions has been changed from supervision 
 exercised by local boards of trustees for each 
 institutions to that of a central State body, the 
 State Board of Administration, in which all 
 general administrative powers are lodged, and 
 the members of which devote their entire time 
 to the performance of this work. 
 
 The change has been beneficial in many ways. 
 It has effected a great saving in the cost of main- 
 taining the institutions. Comparing ordinary 
 
 32 
 
operating expenses for the years 1910 and 1911 
 with those for the year 1909, the last year under 
 the management of boards of trustees, there 
 has been a reduction in the per capita expense 
 of maintaining the 17 State charitable institutions 
 for the two years of $483,106.89; or, comparing 
 for the same periods the bills incurred for ordinary 
 current expenses, there has been a saving of 
 $389,802.63. 
 
 The general result has been a great increase 
 in efficiency, accompanied by greater economy 
 and uniformity in the service, and in the manage- 
 ment of her hospitals for the insane and charita- 
 ble institutions generally, Illinois institutions 
 will now bear favorable comparison with any 
 similar institutions in this country or Europe. 
 
 The public will recall the difficulties encount- 
 ered in elevating the State charitable institutions, 
 and their service to the plane they now occupy. 
 This was one of the most difficult contests that 
 has been waged in the politics of our State. The 
 contractors who had supplied the institutions; 
 the coal merchants who had sold them coal; the 
 men who had filled the insitutions with their 
 friends and followers; those who had levied 5 
 per cent assessments for slush funds with which 
 to wage campaigns; physicians, nurses and 
 attendants who were opposed to the establish- 
 ment of a new order of things; and the con- 
 tractors who saw in the proposed changes the 
 end of favoritism all joined in opposing them. 
 
 And their joint attack was directed by mem- 
 bers of the General Assembly, who sought, by a 
 spurious investigation of the State charitable 
 institutions when Governor Deneen was making 
 his campaign for renomination, to create enough 
 prejudice against him to defeat him and reverse 
 his progressive program for the State charitable 
 institutions and return to the old ways. The 
 State was filled with their clamor until the 
 primaries and elections were over, when it sub- 
 sided and has never been heard of since. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Special Legislation for Chicago. 
 
 The fourth plank in Governor Deneen's plat- 
 form for 1904 was the adoption of a constitutional 
 amendment permitting special legislation for 
 the City of Chicago and the enactment of such 
 special legislation. At the general election of 
 1904 a constitutional amendment was adopted. 
 Under this provision of the constitution, or under 
 the general law governing cities and villages, 
 much legislation of special interest to Chicago 
 has been enacted during Governor Deneen's 
 two terms, of which the following is among the 
 more important: 
 
 33 
 
1. The act abolishing the jurisdiction of 
 justices of the peace of Cook County in the City 
 of Chicago and establishing in lieu thereof 28 
 municipal courts of record. The work of 
 this court has attracted national attention, and 
 the Illinois law under which it was organized 
 has served as a model for New York in estab- 
 lishing the municipal courts of New York City 
 and Buffalo; in Ohio for the municipal court of 
 Cleveland; and in Wisconsin for the municipal 
 court of Milwaukee. 
 
 2. The act providing for the abolition of 
 township governments within the City of Chicago 
 and the substitution therefor of a unified city 
 government. 
 
 3. The act providing for the extension of 
 the term of office of the mayor of Chicago from 
 two to four years. 
 
 4. The act providing for the imposition of 
 a tax upon wheeled-vehicles to be devoted to the 
 maintenance and improvement of the public 
 thoroughfares. 
 
 5. The act authorizing the City of Chicago 
 to fix the rates for gas and electricity for power, 
 heating and lighting purposes. It was under 
 the authority conferred by this law that the City 
 of Chicago reduced its gas rates from one dollar 
 to 85 cents per thousand cubic feet, and that the 
 present effort to secure still lower rates is being 
 made. 
 
 6. The act of 1911 authorizing cities to con- 
 struct, maintain and operate harbors, docks and 
 other terminal facilities for commercial purposes. 
 The provisions of this act will enable Chicago 
 to create a municipally owned and operated 
 harbor and insure the future growth of the port 
 of Chicago. 
 
 7. Various acts authorizing bond issues for 
 the improvement and extension of Chicago park 
 and boulevard systems. 
 
 8. The various acts passed to enable the Chi- 
 cago park districts to create small parks in con- 
 gested areas of the city, in which Chicago has 
 taken the lead among the cities of the country. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 State Revenues and Expenditures. 
 
 Under Governor Deneen's administration the 
 State finances have been maintained in excellent 
 condition. At the end of the first two years of 
 his first administration there was in the State 
 treasury a net balance of $4,342,750.20, or 
 $2,284,750.77 more than the net balance on hand 
 two years before. The net balances on hand in 
 the State treasury for the years given were as 
 follows: 
 
 34 
 
1911 $3,753,285.40 
 
 1909 3,207,695.43 
 
 1907 4,342,750.20 
 
 1905 2,057,999.43 
 
 1903 2,812,315.49 
 
 1901 1,820,272.53 
 
 1899 1,786,605.27 
 
 1897 175,847.03 
 
 Attention has been called to the increase in 
 appropriations for State purposes during the 
 Deneen administrations. This is accounted for 
 by the progressive assumption by the State of 
 new functions, the great extension and improve- 
 ment of the work already undertaken, the 
 erection of many new buildings and other items 
 of extraordinary expenditure which have nothing 
 to do with the general appropriations made to 
 meet ordinary expenditures for State purposes. 
 Among these items of extraordinary expendi- 
 tures the following may be mentioned, together 
 with the vote in favor of same: 
 
 Made during Governor Deneen's first term: 
 Increased appropriations for rehabilitation of 
 
 State charitable institutions $1,438,782 
 
 Vote on increased appropriations Senate, 
 33 0; House, 88 0. Increased special ap- 
 propriationsSenate, 37 0; House, 99 -0. 
 Special appropriation for Seventh Regiment 
 
 Armory 150,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 33-rO; House, 1280. 
 Increased appropriation University of Illinois. 862,255 
 Vote, increased ordinary expenses Senate, 
 44 0; House, 133 0. Special appropria- 
 tionsSenate, 410; House, 1030. 
 Special appropriation Second Regiment Ar- 
 mory and Rifle Range 44,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 380; House, 1410. 
 Special appropriation Illinois Central case, for 
 the Governor, $100,000; for the Attorney 
 
 General, $50,000 ' 150,000 
 
 Vote, Governor Senate, 42 0; House, 128 
 2; Attorney General Senate, 41 0; 
 House, 135 0. 
 Special appropriation State Normal building at 
 
 Carbondale 50,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 370; House, 1330. 
 Special appropriation Eastern Illinois Normal 
 
 at Charleston 100,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 370; House, 1330. 
 Special appropriation for Normal School at 
 
 Normal 110,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 370; House, 1330. 
 Special appropriation for site for new peniten- 
 tiary 500,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 370; House, 1100. 
 Special appropriation for new supreme court 
 
 building 285,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 410; House, 1140. 
 
 Total $3,690,037 
 
 Made during Governor Deneen's second term : 
 
 New hall, University of Illinois $ 250,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 363; House. 126 0. 
 New building, Northern Normal School, De- 
 
 Kalb 75,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 36 0;House, 1080. 
 
 Biological laboratory, live stock 20,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 300; House, 8125. 
 
 35 
 
Relief of survivors and widows of Cherry 
 
 miners $ 100,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 410; House, 1140. 
 Relief of earthquake sufferers, Italy and Sicily . 10,000 
 Vote Senate, 470; House, 1410. 
 
 Mine rescue station in coal fields 75,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 360; House, 1030. 
 Permanent improvements State charitable in- 
 stitutions 322,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 460; House, 1190. 
 
 Total $ 852,000 
 
 Special appropriations made by General As- 
 sembly in 1911: 
 
 New State penitentiary (re-appropriated) $ 500,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 430; House, 1150. 
 
 Starved Rock park purchase 151,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 390: House, 1112. 
 
 New hospital for insane 500,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 430: House, 1171. 
 
 Surgical Institute for Children 75,000 
 
 \\)te Senate, 430; House, 980. 
 Taking over Dunning Hospital for Insane (2 
 
 bills) 583,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 320 and 330; House, 91 
 and 901. 
 
 State Fair buildings 215,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 321; House, 1050. 
 
 New armory for National Guard 395,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 290; House, 1172. 
 New buildings and land for University of Illi- 
 nois 868,500 
 
 Vote Senate, 29 0; House, 972. 
 
 New buildings for five Normal Schools 386,085 
 
 Vote Senate, 39 0; House, 83 0; Senate, 
 390; House, 1210; Senate, 400; 
 House, 1200; Senate, 341; House, 
 '940; Senate, 480; House, 1140. 
 
 Increased appropriations for school funds 2,000,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 261 ; House, 980. 
 
 Monument, Edwards Historical 5,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 360; House, 1070. 
 Monument, Equality, Michael Kelly Lawler . . . 5,000 
 Vote Senate, 442; House, 1110. 
 
 Monument, Kenesaw Mountain 20,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 430; House, 820. 
 Biological laboratory for Live Stock Commis- 
 sion 3,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 36 0; House, 1200. 
 New electric light plant and stone plant. 
 
 Southern Illinois Penitentiary 50,000 
 
 Vote Senate, 410; House, 1240. 
 
 Appropriations made in lieu of fees 1,837,000 
 
 Vote, Omnibus Bill Senate, 261; House, 
 
 980. 
 
 Permanent improvement State charitable insti- 
 tutions 808,595 
 
 Total $8,402,180 
 
 Number of members of House 153 
 
 Number of members of Senate 51 
 
 (Note The item, "Appropriations in lieu of fees," 
 was made necessary by the enactment in 1911 of the law 
 requiring that fees earned and collected by commissions 
 and departments should be turned into the State treasury 
 and withdrawn therefrom only upon appropriations made 
 by the General Assembly. Heretofore these fees were 
 kept in special funds, such as the State Game Protection 
 Fund, the State Fish Protection Fund and the State 
 Food Commissioners' Fund, and were withdrawn from 
 the State treasury, without appropriations, by the de- 
 partments to which they were accredited.) 
 
 36 
 
Another source of increased expenditure is the 
 increase in population in our State hospitals for 
 the insane. What this amounts to is shown by 
 the following: 
 
 Governor Deneen's first term: 
 
 According to the statistics gathered by the State 
 Board of Charities, there were in the State hos- 
 pitals for the insane on July 1st, 1905, 8,482 
 inmates; and on January 1st, 1908, 9,743, an 
 increase of 1,261 in three years; an average 
 increase per year of 420, or for four years (one 
 administration) of 1,680. The net per capita 
 cost of maintenance of each inmate is $145 per 
 year; the cost of providing additional buildings 
 and equipment, per inmate, $400, or 
 
 Cost of increased capacity and equipment for 
 additional patients, 420 per year for four 
 years $ 672,000 
 
 Net cost of maintenance 1,680 patients for four 
 
 years 609,000 
 
 Total increase first terra $1,281,000 
 
 Governor Deneen's second term: 
 
 The State Charities Commission reports that 
 on January 1st, 1908, there were 9,743 inmates 
 in the seven State hospitals for the insane and on 
 January 1st, 1912, 10,860 patients, an increase of 
 1,117 in four years, an average increase of 279 
 patients per year. 
 
 Cost of increased capacity and equipment for 
 279 additional patients per year, for four 
 years $ 446,800 
 
 Net cost of maintenance, 1,116 patients, for 
 four years 404,550 
 
 Total increase second term $ 851,350 
 
 Total increase first term 1,281,000 
 
 Total increase second term 851,350 
 
 Total increase both terms $2,132,350 
 
 Similar increases have, of course, occurred in 
 the population and expense of maintenance of 
 the penal and correctional institutions of the 
 State, but what has been said will sufficiently 
 indicate some of the causes for the increase of 
 appropriations. It will also demonstrate that 
 they have been made necessary by the natural 
 increase in volume of the State's work. 
 
 Notwithstanding these increased expenditures, 
 the actual increase in the rate of taxation has 
 been very small. A comparison between the 
 present rate and the rate for last year will show 
 this and at the same time will set forth the 
 reasons for the slight increase in the rate. 
 
 The amount required to be raised by taxation 
 for last year, 1910, by the act of the General 
 Assembly, approved June 9, 1909, commonly 
 known as the levy bill, was: 
 
 37 
 
For the State Revenue Fund $5,100,000 
 
 For the State School Fund 1,000,000 
 
 Total $6,100,000 
 
 The amount required to be raised by taxation for the 
 vear 1911 by the act of the General Assembly approved 
 June 10, 1911, is: 
 
 For the State Revenue Fund $7,750,000 
 
 For the State School Fund 2,000,000 
 
 Total $9,750,000 
 
 A total increase for the present year over last 
 year of $3,650,000. 
 
 Last year the State tax rate was thirty cents 
 on each one hundred dollars of assessed property 
 valuation. This year the rate is thirty-five 
 cents on the one hundred dollars. 
 
 The State tax is apportioned as follows: 
 
 Last year: 
 
 General Revenue Fund, 25 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 State School Fund, 5 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 
 Total Rate 30 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 
 This year: 
 
 General Revenue Fund, 26.2 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 State School Fund, 8.8 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 
 Total Rate 35.0 cents on the $100 valuation. 
 
 It will be seen, therefore, that the rate this 
 year for General Revenue Fund purposes is but 
 a small fraction over one cent increase over that 
 of last year, whilst the rate for the State School 
 Fund is a trifle under four cents over last year's 
 rate. It may be proper to state the counties, not 
 the State, get the benefit of the State School 
 Fund, all the revenue raised for this fund being 
 distributed to the counties. Reference has already 
 been made, under the chapter "Educational 
 System Reorganized" to the increased appropri- 
 ations made by the General Assembly for the 
 support of the public schools, and as appears 
 from the foregoing statement, nearly the total 
 increase in the State tax rate may be traced to 
 these increased appropriations. 
 
 As a matter of fact, the burden of State tax- 
 ation in this State is comparatively light. The 
 following comparison taken from the Statesman's 
 Year Book for 1911, of annual disbursements per 
 capita of population made by the states named 
 will show this: 
 
 Illinois, average disbursements for the years 1911- 
 
 1912 $2.629 
 
 Wisconsin, for the year 1908 4 .243 
 
 Michigan, for the year 1909 4.221 
 
 Indiana, for the year 1910 3 . 123 
 
 California, for the year 1908 6.863 
 
 Colorado, for the year 1906 7 .032 
 
 Massachusetts, for the year 1909 3.851 
 
 Minnesota, for the year 1909 6 . 126 
 
 New Jersey, for the year 1908 3 .341 
 
 New York, for the year 1910 6 . 300 
 
 Pennsylvania, for the year 1909 3 .916 
 
 38 
 
A complete comparison of the per capita dis- 
 bursements of all the states show that Illinois 
 disbursements are much lower than seventy per 
 cent and slightly higher than thirty per cent of 
 those of the other states. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Business Methods. 
 
 On recommendation of Governor Deneen, the 
 office of Department and Institution Auditor was 
 created by the General Assembly in 1905. It 
 was made the duty of this officer to investigate 
 the accounts of all the State institutions and 
 departments, and under his supervision uniform 
 systems of bookkeeping and accounting have 
 since been introduced and the departments placed 
 upon a thorough going, business basis. 
 
 Through the investigations of the State institu- 
 tions and departments conducted by this officer 
 various sums of money have been recovered, 
 such as $64,957.99 recovered from the State 
 Insurance Department and $61,351.61 recovered 
 from three insurance companies. 
 
 The departments and institutions having de- 
 posits in banks have also been required to secure 
 the payment of interest upon^ the same. The 
 amount turned into the public treasury from this 
 source has been: 
 
 Grain Office, Chicago $ 8,585.92 
 
 Grain office, East St. Louis , 1,883.81 
 
 State reformatory 5,084.81 
 
 Southern penitentiary, Chester 4,236.91 
 
 Illinois penitentiary, Joliet 24,041.56 
 
 University of Illinois 43,479.32 
 
 Insurance Department 35,631.77 
 
 Interest paid to State treasurers 259,704.55 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad 6,335.26 
 
 Seventeen charitable institutions 15,466.82 
 
 Canal Board 4,712.74 
 
 $409,163.47 
 
 In 1905 the Institution Auditor under the 
 direction of Governor Deneen began an investi- 
 gation of accounts between the State and the 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company. The facts 
 brought to light by the investigation led to the 
 institution of a suit by the Governor through the 
 Attorney General against the railroad company 
 in behalf of the State. 
 
 The relations between the State and the Illinois 
 Central Railroad Company out of which this suit 
 arose may be briefly stated. On February 10, 
 1851, the General Assembly of Illinois passed an 
 act incorporating the Illinois Central Railroad 
 Company and granted to the company 2,595,000 
 acres of land to aid in the construction of the 
 road. Subsequently the company sold the greater 
 portion of the land and realized therefrom a sum 
 
 39 
 
in excess of $30,000,000. The cost of the 702 
 miles of charter lines was more than covered by 
 this amount. The line from Cairo to East 
 Dubuque was placed in operation during the 
 year 1856. 
 
 In consideration of this grant by the State, it 
 was agreed that the company should pay into 
 the State treasury on the first days of June and 
 December of each year a sum equal to at least 
 7% of the gross receipts of the company, and for 
 the purpose of ascertaining the amount of gross 
 receipts the company was required by its charter 
 to keep an accurate account and to furnish a 
 sworn copy thereof to the Governor of the State, 
 who was authorized to verify the same. 
 
 The suit instituted by the State against the 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company is based on 
 the claim that the investigations made by the 
 Department and Institution Auditor show that 
 the railroad company has failed to account to 
 the State for 7% of the following items of gross 
 receipts : 
 
 Receipts of Cairo Bridge $ 7,497,720 
 
 Receipts of Dubuque Bridge 3,155,696 
 
 Receipts from investments 61,902,358 
 
 Receipts from express 5,000,000 
 
 Receipts from restaurants, hotels, etc 1,500,000 
 
 Receipts from Chicago real estate 68,133 
 
 Receipts for use of equipment by foreign lines . 5,000,000 
 
 Receipts from grain elevators in Chicago 788,374 
 
 Receipts from grain elevators in Cairo 97,185 
 
 Receipts from interest on loans and deposits . . 3,000,000 
 
 It is also claimed that certain amounts were deducted 
 by the company from gross receipts without any authority 
 of law, and particularly that there was deducted: 
 
 On account of drayage $ 2,000,000 
 
 On account of switching 5,000,000 
 
 On account of rebates 10,000,000 
 
 It is also claimed that the company should have col- 
 lected for services performed the following sums: 
 For carrying coal and supplies for noncharter 
 
 lines $10,000,000 
 
 For freight diverted from charter lines 2,000,000 
 
 For mileage books delivered in payment of 
 
 newspaper advertising, etc 1,295,000 
 
 For use of equipment by noncharter lines . . . 3,000,000 
 For use of Chicago terminals by noncharter 
 
 lines. 2,140,000 
 
 For use of other terminals by noncharter lines 1,500,000 
 
 It is also claimed on behalf of the State that in 
 the division of earnings between the charter and 
 noncharter lines, the railroad company adopted 
 numerous fraudulent schemes and devices which 
 have resulted in defrauding the State out of 
 several millions of dollars. 
 
 The Supreme Court has already passed upon 
 this case and some of the more important con- 
 tentions of the State sustained by the Court are 
 here given: 
 
 1. That in the division of earnings and pay- 
 ment of expenses, charter and noncharter lines 
 must be treated as distinct and independent. 
 
 40 
 
(This will prevent in the future the diversion of 
 earnings, under any pretext, from charter to 
 iioncharter lines, or the saddling upon the charter 
 lines of expenses properly chargeable to non- 
 charter lines.) 
 
 2. That the company must pay into the 
 State treasury seven per cent of its "gross re- 
 ceipts" derived from charter lines and has no 
 right to deduct any sum on account of operating 
 or other expense before computing the seven per 
 cent due the State. 
 
 3. That the company must pay into the State 
 treasury seven per cent of charter line receipts 
 derived from interstate traffic. 
 
 4. That the accounts between the State and 
 the company are open for the years 1905, 1906, 
 1907, 1908 and 1909 and that the burden of proof 
 is upon the company to show that the semi- 
 annual statements furnished to the Governor 
 since 1904 are in all respects just and true. 
 
 5. That all joint earnings of charter and non- 
 charter lines must be divided upon such an 
 equitable basis that the State shall receive the 
 full percentum to which it is entitled under the 
 charter. 
 
 6. That, though the mileage basis is not the 
 only fair and equitable basis for the division of 
 earnings, yet the court below will be justified in 
 applying this method of division in the absence 
 of other proof on this question. 
 
 7. That where switching or drayage charges 
 incurred by the company in Chicago are paid by 
 the company in the performance of its duty as a 
 common carrier, they cannot be deducted from 
 the charter lines' gross receipts before the State's 
 percentum is computed. 
 
 8. That the charter lines cannot be used to 
 haul coal, supplies or other materials for the use 
 or benefit of noncharter lines free of charge, but 
 that in every such instance a reasonable charge 
 must be made and the State paid a percentum 
 upon such earnings. 
 
 9. That the company has no right to use en- 
 gines and cars of the charter lines, free of ex- 
 pense, for the benefit of the noncharter lines, but 
 must make a reasonable charge therefor and pay 
 the State its percentum upon the same. 
 
 10. That the noncharter lines have no right 
 to the free use of the passenger station, freight 
 houses and terminal facilities of the Illinois Cen- 
 tral Railroad Company belonging to the charter 
 lines at Chicago, but must make a reasonable 
 charge and pay the State a proper percentum for 
 the use of such facilities. 
 
 11. That the junctions, switches and sidings 
 at all junctions of the charter and noncharter 
 lines of the company belong to the charter lines 
 
 41 
 
and for their use by noncharter lines a reasonable 
 rental must be charged and the State paid its 
 percentum upon the same. 
 
 12. That the income derived from hotels, res- 
 taurants and dining cars is a part of the gross in- 
 come of the company and must be accounted for 
 in its semi-annual statements rendered to the 
 State. 
 
 13. That whenever the company pays for 
 newspaper advertising with mileage books, the 
 value of the mileage used on the charter lines 
 must be accounted for by the company to the 
 State as a part of its gross income. 
 
 14. That unlawful rebates cannot be de- 
 ducted from charter line receipts and that when- 
 ever a rebate is so deducted, the burden of prov- 
 ing its lawfulness is upon the company. 
 
 15. That whenever traffic moves between 
 points on noncharter lines south of the Ohio 
 river and Cairo and Mounds in Illinois, the 
 charter lines must be awarded their just pro- 
 portionate share of the joint earnings (hereto- 
 fore they have been awarded nothing). 
 
 16. That the railroad company is entitled to 
 deduct a reasonable charge or bridge arbitrary 
 for the use of the Cairo bridge, but that when- 
 ever the total amount so deducted in any one 
 year shall exceed $180,000 (the annual rental 
 stipulated in the company's lease) that fact 
 shall tend to prove that the bridge arbitraries 
 are unreasonable. 
 
 (During the year 1905, the company deducted 
 in bridge arbitraries $1,721,189.77, and during 
 the year 1906, $2,047,058.19. While the figures 
 are not at hand it is fair to assume that the 
 bridge arbitraries since that time have been pro- 
 portionately as great.) 
 
 17. That the company must answer the sev- 
 enty-four interrogatories attached to the bill and 
 furnish to the State the information called for 
 therein as to all the years since 1904. 
 
 Eighty-seven interrogatories in all were filed 
 by the State which the defendant company was 
 ordered by the court to answer. The interroga- 
 tories called for detailed information as to the 
 receipts and disbursements of the road, as to 
 the methods of division which had been prac- 
 ticed between the charter and noncharter lines, 
 and as to the methods which have prevailed in 
 regard to the bridge arbitraries. 
 
 The time for answering was fixed by the court 
 as July 1, 1911. Upon the showing of the rail- 
 road company that they had over one hundred 
 men employed and that they had already ex- 
 pended, in trying to get the information called 
 for by the interrogatories, over $100,000, and 
 that it was impossible to comply with the court's 
 
 42 
 
order at the time fixed, the time was extended 
 to January 1, 1912. On that day, upon a similar 
 showing, the time was again extended by the 
 court until March 1, 1912, when the court set 
 the hearing for July 18, and then continued the 
 case until October 14 for the taking of testi- 
 mony. 
 
 This is one of the most important suits ever 
 instituted in behalf of the State and its prepara- 
 tion has involved an immense amount of detail 
 work. It may be observed that, while the char- 
 ter of the company requires the filing of a semi- 
 annual report with the Governor and the veri- 
 fying of that report by him, the rules for de- 
 termining the basis of division between the State 
 and the company have heretofore been left with 
 the company and have never been judicially 
 established. In the present suit Governor 
 Deneen for the first time presents the matter 
 to the courts for their adjudication. In view of 
 the fact the company paid in 1909 $1,152,669.34, 
 in 1910 $1,217,927.84 and in 1911 $1,239,484.24 
 under its contract with the State the advantage 
 of having a comprehensive investigation and 
 judicial determination of the matter is apparent. 
 
 Another matter in which business methods 
 have been applied and strict accounting insisted 
 upon, is in the accounts of expenditures for 
 traveling and other incidental expenses incurred 
 by persons connected with the various State in- 
 stitutions and departments. Riding upon passes 
 and charging up railroad fare to the State has 
 become a thing of the past. All accounts are 
 required to be itemized and before payment are 
 audited by the Department and Institution 
 Auditor connected with the Governor's office. 
 
 In his 1907 biennial message to the General 
 Assembly Governor Deneen recommended the 
 passage of a law requiring the payment of int- 
 erest on public funds by the officers having them 
 in custody, and at the following session of the 
 General Assembly the present State law upon 
 that subject was enacted. Since its enactment 
 $259,002.38 has been turned into the State 
 treasury as interest on public funds by the State 
 Treasurer, the Insurance Department and the 
 State Board of Administration, as well as $181,- 
 77,3.44 held to be due from public officers to 
 the State on account of the registered bond 
 fund. 
 
 It appears therefore that through the busi- 
 ness methods applied by Governor Deneen to 
 the management of public affairs, the State is 
 the gainer as follows: 
 
 43 
 
Interest from State treasurers under the law $259.002.38 
 
 Interest received from other departments. . . 149,458.92 
 Recovered from former State officials on Reg- 
 
 ' istered 'Bond Fund 181,773.44 
 
 Recovered from former superintendent of 
 
 State Insurance Department 64,957.99 
 
 Recovered from three insurance companies. . 61,351.61 
 
 Saving effected by Board of Administration . 389,802.63 
 
 Total .$1,106,346.97 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 State Geological Survey. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The abundant mineral resources of Illinois 
 lie at the base of her manufacturing and commer- 
 cial strength. The minerals produced in 1911 
 exceed $145,524,000 in value, and gave direct 
 employment to over 100,000 workmen. Gover- 
 nor Deneen, realizing the importance of the in- 
 dustry and of internal improvements, recom- 
 mended in his first inaugural message of 1905, 
 the creation of a Geological Survey which should 
 make an inventory of the developed and un- 
 developed mineral resources, and act as a free 
 information bureau for land-owners and investors. 
 The Survey, therefore, was created in 1905 to 
 conduct research and disseminate information, 
 -o that our mineral wealth should have orderly 
 development without unnecessary danger or 
 waste. 
 
 The new commission includes eminent scien- 
 tists and educators with Governor Deneen as 
 chairman. The staff has been drawn from 
 educational and research centers of the country 
 and its work has proceeded rapidly without 
 political interference and with recognized efficien- 
 iy. Active cooperation has been carried on 
 \\'ith allied staffs of the University of Illinois, the 
 U. S. Geological Survey, and the U. S. Bureau 
 i f Mines. During this period the value of 
 nineral production in Illinois has increased 
 n;s follows: 
 
 MINERAL OUTPUT IN ILLINOIS. 
 
 1905 . $105,065,567 
 
 1906 121,188,306 
 
 1907 145,768,464 
 
 1908 122,900,688 
 
 1909 143,051,729 
 
 1910 141,809,121 
 
 1911 145,524,000 
 
 SCOPE OF THE WORK. 
 
 The scope of the work of the Survey, with 
 Governor Deneen's recommendations and active 
 : upport, includes the preparation of: 
 
 a. A topographic map showing altitude and 
 configuration of the surface of the State, as a 
 i.ase for accurate geological and engineering 
 .- tudies. 
 
 44 
 
b. Colored maps, in units of 225 square miles, 
 showing depth, extent, and availability of mineral 
 deposits, including water and petroleum. 
 
 c. Preliminary detailed maps and reports, 
 covering the whole State as a unit, for each of 
 the following resources: 
 
 Coal Cement materials 
 
 Petroleum and gas Building stone 
 Clay and shale Road-ballast materials 
 
 Underground water Lead, zinc, silica, 
 
 fluorspar, etc. 
 
 d. Reports in cooperation with the University 
 of Illinois and the U. S. Bureau of Mines, regard- 
 ing coal-mining practices, in order to show means 
 of preventing gas and dust explosions, and other 
 dangers and wastes. 
 
 e. Maps of overflowed lands, as a basis for 
 reclamation plans. 
 
 PROGRESS OF SURVEYS. 
 
 A topographic map for geological studies and 
 also for general use by the public, is being pre- 
 pared in cooperation with the U. S. Geological 
 Survey which carries half of the expense and 
 relieves the State of the cost of engraving. It is 
 surveyed in small units measuring about 12 by 18 
 miles and including 225 square miles each. 
 Over 6700 square miles comprising 30 sheets have 
 been so far completed, and an area of 3200 square 
 miles is nearly finished. Work is thus finished 
 or under way for an area comprising about one- 
 fifth of the entire State. The work has been done 
 in all sections but has been located chiefly so as 
 to serve our growing mineral industries and their 
 need of detailed geological studies based on accu- 
 rate maps. 
 
 Colored geological maps in quadrangle units 
 have been published or are in preparation from 
 various districts of the State, extending from the 
 northwest corner to the extreme south. The 
 accompanying reports refer to important .areas 
 in the coal fields, the oil and gas areas, the lead 
 and zinc districts, and other important mineral 
 producing regions. Final detailed work has 
 been completed for an area exceeding 6300 square 
 miles in extent. 
 
 Preliminary maps and reports covering the 
 whole State, have been published or are in prepa- 
 ration, covering the subjects mentioned above. 
 
 Investigations of the coal fields have yielded 
 conclusions regarding the distribution and identi- 
 fication of the various coal beds in the active 
 field, and the probable depth and conditions of 
 the coal in those territories which are undeveloped. 
 Over 6000 drill records have been collected from 
 various parts of the State and have been filed 
 for use in connection with this study, and for 
 general reference of the inquiring public. Im- 
 
 45 
 
portant information has been collected and pub- 
 lished relating to the chemical quality of our 
 coal; its behavior under conditions of weather- 
 ing and storage; and of the best methods of 
 meeting the competition with other states. 
 
 The oil resources of Illinois place -the State 
 third in rank with an output exceeding 30,000,000 
 barrels per year. Study has been made and 
 reports published showing that the oil accumu- 
 lation is dependent on the geology of the under- 
 ground rock and that its probable distribution 
 can be approximately predicted. Oil producers 
 of the State have greatly benefited and land 
 values have increased through this work of the 
 Geological Survey. 
 
 The clay and shale investigations of the Survey 
 have shown that the State is abundantly provided 
 with suitable materials for manufacturing nearly 
 all of our clay products. The value of our 
 output exceeds $15,000,000 per year and this 
 will doubtless increase rapidly as we come to be 
 self-sustaining in this respect. It has been shown 
 that a valuable bed of fire-clay extends from the 
 vicinity of St. Louis through our western counties 
 to the vicinity of Rock Island, and thence east 
 to LaSalle. It is predicted that a great expansion 
 in our clay industries will follow in a few years, 
 and that we will cease to ship in millions of dollars 
 worth of wares from adjoining states. Reports 
 so far issued include papers on fire-clay, paving- 
 brick, sand-lime brick, and other subjects of 
 technical character. 
 
 Underground water resources of the State are 
 becoming more and more important, as our 
 municipalities grow and find the surface supplies 
 inadequate for sanitary needs. Public officials 
 and commercial concerns are finding a great stock 
 of information on this important subject in the 
 files of the Survey. A number of reports have 
 been printed and others are in preparation relating 
 to artesian water supplies. 
 
 Cement production in Illinois has more than 
 trebled since 1905. The Survey has just published 
 the results from several hundred samples of lime- 
 stone and clay materials, collected from all parts 
 of Illinois. Many favorable points for the location 
 of new plants are pointed out ; and the controlling 
 factors which will make for success or failure of 
 such plants are completely outlined. There can 
 be no doubt, from the work of the Survey, that 
 the resources within our border will enable Illinois 
 to take front rank as a producer of Portland 
 cement. 
 
 Other important mineral industries of the State 
 have been investigated and described in reports 
 already published or well along in .preparation. 
 
 46 
 
COOPERATIVE MINING INVESTIGATION. 
 
 The coal production of Illinois places the State 
 third in rank with an output valued at about 
 $50,000,000.00 per "year. It engages over 70,000 
 miners. Under existing conditions which have 
 grown up gradually, there have been a large num- 
 ber of serious mining accidents, and a waste of 
 approximately 50 per cent of the coal in the 
 ground. 
 
 Governor Deneen recommended and approved 
 plans under which the Geological Survey co- 
 operates with the University of Illinois and the 
 U. S. Bureau of Mines in efforts to solve the 
 difficulties. Prevention of accidents and methods 
 for rescue of miners in case of explosion received 
 attention at the demonstration station at Urbana, 
 and with such excellent results in actual service 
 that the State has now established a Mine Rescue 
 Commission and three rescue stations for work of 
 this kind. 
 
 A cooperative investigation of the mining 
 industry now under way, has placed a large 
 number of mining engineers, geologists, chemists, 
 etc., in the field for a thorough study of present 
 methods and efficiencies of mining in Illinois. 
 Investigation is being made of mining wastes, 
 both of human lives and of the coal itself. The 
 occurrence of gas, the explosibility of coal dust, 
 the character of surface subsidence due to under- 
 mining, and numerous other problems regarding 
 which t'he Illinois operators and miners desire 
 information, are being studied with a view to 
 devising remedies for existing evils. 
 
 RECLAMATION OF OVERFLOWED LANDS. 
 Millions of fertile acres in Illinois are subjected 
 to overflow of streams, and therefore are not util- 
 ized to any appreciable extent. Feeling the need 
 of reclamation of such lands, Governor Deneen 
 recommended joint efforts by the State Geological 
 Survey, the Internal Improvement Commission, 
 and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in the 
 study of the problem. So far, large-scale maps 
 showing the facts on which the reclamation 
 should be based, have been made by the Geo- 
 logical Survey along the Kaskaskia, Big Muddy, 
 Embarrass, Spoon, Little Wabash, and Skillet 
 Fork rivers, while preliminary work has been done 
 for Saline and Sangamon rivers. Approximately 
 1 ,000 square miles of overflowed lands have been 
 surveyed accurately at the cost of about four cents 
 per acre. It is conservatively estimated that if the 
 bottom lands are reclaimed and protected from 
 overflow, there will be added to our taxable land 
 values more than $100,000,000.00 above the cost 
 of doing the work, besides the resulting benefits to 
 health and sanitary conditions throughout the 
 recovered areas. 
 
 47 
 
In view of the efficiency of the Geological Sur- 
 vey and the constructive character of this work, 
 Governor Deneen's biennial messages have recom- 
 mended its continuance and expansion. Under 
 the stimulation of the present administration 
 work has been so organized that the State is now 
 second to none in the study which it bestows on 
 problems relating to our mining industries and 
 allied subjects. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 Internal Improvement Commission. 
 
 At the 1905 session of the General Assembly, a 
 law was enacted providing for the formation of 
 an Internal Improvement Commission, to "in- 
 vestigate the various problems associated with a 
 projected deep waterway from Lake Michigan 
 to the Gulf of Mexico and the reclamation of 
 lands subject to inundation or overflow." 
 
 The law provided that the commission should 
 consist of "three persons of high practical business 
 qualifications." The members of the commis- 
 sion appointed by Governor Deneen were Mr. 
 Isham Randolph, of Chicago, chief engineer of 
 the Sanitary District of Chicago; Mr. Henry 
 M. Schmoldt, of Beardstown, and Mr. H. W. 
 Johnson, banker, of Ottawa. Mr. Lyman E. 
 Cooley, of Chicago, was appointed Secretary 
 of the commission. 
 
 The report made by this commission in 1907 
 was an exhaustive one. It showed the feasibility 
 of establishing navigable water communication 
 between the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico 
 through the construction of a fourteen-foot 
 channel from the present terminus of the Chicago 
 Drainage and Ship Canal to the Mississippi 
 River at St. Louis by way of the Desplaines 
 and Illinois rivers. 
 
 The report of the commission also showed that 
 between Lockport and Utica a distance of sixty- 
 one and a half miles, there was a descent of 106 
 feet creating water power aggregating 140,000 
 gross horse power, when the full amount of water 
 provided by law is turned into the channel of the 
 Sanitary District of Chicago. The estimated 
 cost of the construction of the waterway and 
 development of the water power made by the 
 commission was $20,000,000. As the investiga- 
 tions of the commission also showed that the 
 revenue from water power would repay the total 
 cost of construction and development . in from 
 fourteen to seventeen years, Governor Deneen 
 in his message to the General Assembly, tran- 
 smitting the report of the commission, urged 
 upon the General Assembly the passage of legis- 
 lation permitting the devlopment, use and owner- 
 ship by the State of this water power. 
 
 48 
 
At the same session of the General Assembly 
 at which the report of the Internal Improvement 
 Commission was received, a bill was introduced 
 authorizing the Sanitary District of Chicago to 
 continue its channel from its present terminus at 
 Lockport six miles south through Joliet to 
 Brandon's Road, at an expense of $6,000,000, on 
 condition that it be permitted to develop and 
 own the resulting water power. 
 
 This measure, however, was defeated and the 
 General Assembly, after due consideration, framed 
 and submitted to the people a constitutional 
 amendment authorizing the issuance of $20,000,- 
 000 in bonds to carry out the State project and 
 at the general election of 1908 the amendment 
 was adopted by a vote of 675,898 to 193,296 a 
 majority of 482,602, the largest majority ever 
 recorded in favor of any proposition submitted 
 to the voters of this State. 
 
 In his biennial message of 1909, therefore, 
 Governor Deneen recommended to the General 
 Assembly the enactment of legislation in harmony 
 with the constitutional amendment. 
 
 Shortly after the enactment of the constitu- 
 tional amendment, it was found that a private 
 water power company, the Economy Light and 
 Power Co., had begun the erection of a dam 
 across the Desplaines River four hundred feet 
 from the point where it joins with the Kankakee 
 to form the Illinois River, with a view to the 
 utilization of the water power there available, 
 under the provisions of certain leases made by 
 the Illinois and Michigan Canal Commissioners 
 four months before Governor Deneen first 
 assumed office. As all the water power at that 
 point had been created through the expenditure 
 of public money, Governor Deneen called the 
 matter to the attention of the General Assembly 
 and secured the passage of a bill directing him- 
 self and the Attorney General to take such legal 
 steps as might be necessary to remove obstruc- 
 tions from the Desplaines and Illinois rivers. 
 
 On December 30, 1907, su't was begun and an 
 injunction preventing the continuance of the 
 dam construction work was secured. The in- 
 junction, however, was dissolved later by the 
 court. The case was thereupon carried by the 
 State to the Supreme Court of Illinois, where 
 the opinion of the lower court was upheld, but 
 the rights of the company under the leases from 
 the Illinois and Michigan Canal Commissioners 
 were declared to be for twenty years only, of 
 which eight years have already elapsed, instead 
 of perpetual leases, as claimed by the company. 
 
 In this suit many of the State's contentions 
 were declared invalid by the Illinois Courts. It 
 was claimed in behalf of the State that the leases 
 
executed by the Illinois and Michigan Canal 
 Commissioners were invalid. The Illinois Courts 
 held them valid. 
 
 It was claimed by the State that the State 
 owned the bed of the Desplaines River at Dresden 
 Heights. The Illinois Courts held that it did not. 
 
 It was claimed by the State that the Desplaines 
 River is a navigable river. It was held by the 
 Illinois Courts that it is not. 
 
 In view of the importance to the State of the 
 questions involved in this suit, and of the import- 
 ance of having it decided by the courts of last 
 resort, Governor Deneen urged upon the General 
 Assembly the appropriation of sufficient funds 
 to carry it to the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. At the last session of the General As- 
 sembly this appropriation was made and the case 
 is now pending before the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. 
 
 After the adverse decision of the Illinois 
 Supreme Court, the Attorney General of the 
 United States instituted a suit against the 
 Economy Light & Power Company on behalf of 
 the United States Government in the Federal 
 Court at Chicago, where it is now pending, in- 
 volving practically the same questions as those 
 involved in the State's case. So that eventually 
 the whole matter will be presented to the Supreme 
 Court of the United States both on behalf of the 
 State of Illinois and the National Government. 
 
 The general . purpose of the State's suit is to 
 determine its rights to the water power suscepti- 
 ble of development in the proposed deep water- 
 way and in view of the repeated refusals of the 
 General Assembly to enact legislation conferring 
 general authority to construct a waterway and_ 
 develop water power as proposed in the con-' 
 stitutional amendment, Governor Deneen in 
 his last message to the General Assembly dated 
 April 25, 1911, urged the enactment of legislation 
 authorizing the purchase of the water power sites, 
 so ac to preserve the rights of the public in such 
 water power as may be hereafter developed. 
 This matter was called to the attention of the 
 General Assembly at a special session of June 14, 
 1911, convened for the sole consideration of 
 waterway legislation, but the General Assembly 
 adjourned without passing the necessary legis- 
 lation. 
 
 In the meantime, private corporations, taking 
 advantage of the legislative deadlock, are negotia- 
 ting with private owners to acquire the property 
 necessary to give them control of these water 
 power sites. Had the General Assembly enacted 
 the legislation conferring upon the State com- 
 mission the necessary authority, the land for the 
 water power sites might have been purchased by 
 
 50 
 
the State at its value as marsh or pasture land. If, 
 however, private corporations acquire sufficient 
 lands to make it available for water power develop- 
 ment which in some cases would involve the pur- 
 chase of a strip of land twelve miles long for over- 
 flow purposes, it would be necessary for the State 
 to condemn the land for water power sites at a 
 price which probably would be prohibitive. 
 
 Should this be the outcome, one of the most 
 valuable assets of the State, created entirely 
 through the expenditure of public money, would 
 have been allowed to pass into private hands 
 through the failure of the General Assembly, 
 notwithstanding the repeated efforts of Governor 
 Deneen to preserve it for the general benefit. 
 
 Governor Deneen has regarded such an outcome 
 as deplorable, not only from the point of view of 
 water power development, but from that of water- 
 way construction. Owing to its geographical 
 position our State has an interest almost unique 
 among the states in the development of the domes- 
 tic waterways of the country. Three-fourths of 
 our State is bounded by water courses and all 
 around us the National government is spending 
 large sums of money for their improvement. 
 A continuing appropriation of $60,000,000.00 is 
 being expended in this way upon the improvement 
 of the Ohio, from Pittsburgh to Cairo for a 9-foot 
 channel ; a continuing appropriation of $12,000,000 
 upon the improvement of the Missouri from St. 
 Louis to Kansas City for a 6-foot channel; a 
 continuing appropriation of $20,000,000 in ' the 
 improvement of the Mississippi from the mouth 
 of the Missouri to St. Paul for a 6-foot channel ; an 
 appropriation of $1,000,000 and $40,000 per year, 
 conditionally made by the National government 
 for the improvement of the lower Illinois from 
 Utica to Graf ton provided our State does its 
 share of the work; whilst the Sanitary District of 
 Chicago has already expended $66,000,000 in the 
 construction of the Chicago Drainage and Ship 
 Canal extending from Chicago to Lockport. 
 
 The Federal government has for a number of 
 years been insisting upon the municipality of 
 Chicago lowering its tunnels under the Chicago 
 River and removing its center pier bridges so that 
 the Chicago River Channel may be made adequate 
 to meet the needs of the commerce of the city; and 
 the Federal government today stands ready to 
 appropriate $7,000,000 toward the building of an 
 outer harbor when this work has been carried out. 
 The people of Chicago in November, 1911, voted a 
 bond issue of $4,665, 000 to remove the bridges and 
 the common council has recently passed an outer 
 harbor ordinance and the mayor of Chicago has 
 appointed a harbor commission which has already 
 recommended a harbor on the north side of the 
 
 51 
 
river at its mouth. This will be of great benefit 
 to the patrons of the lake passenger boats and to 
 the handlers of fruit and vegetables for the Chicago 
 markets. This, however, does not close the ques- 
 tion of harbor accommodation for maritime com- 
 merce and facilities for exchange between lake 
 and rail, and other important sites better provided 
 with railroad facilities will undoubtedly be arranged 
 for. A proposition to issue bonds in the sum of 
 $5,000,000.00 for harbor construction purposes was 
 submitted to the people of Chicago last spring. It 
 was adopted. So that the project, so far 
 as the City of Chicago and the National govern- 
 ment are concerned, seems certain of accomplish- 
 ment. 
 
 A glance at the map on the opposite page will 
 show that Illinois stands at the focal point of the 
 two great waterway systems of the country, the 
 Mississippi River and its tributaries leading to 
 the Gulf of Mexico and the Panama Canal on the 
 one hand, and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence 
 River system leading to the Atlantic Ocean on the 
 other. It will also show how small is the break 
 in tht chain which would unite them into a single 
 system formed by the State project for a deep 
 waterway between Lockpoit and Utica, which, 
 from the point of view of domestic commerce as 
 well as water power, is of such vital importance 
 to the citizens of Illinois. 
 
 That this project must be carried out eventually 
 is manifest from many considerations. When the 
 Sanitary District of Chicago was formed to con- 
 struct the Sanitary District channel, the bill pro- 
 vided that the channel should be a navigable 
 channel with "a width of not less than 160 feet 
 at the bottom * * and a depth of not less 
 lhan 18 feet of water" and that upon its com- 
 pletion "the general government shall have full 
 control over the same for navigation purposes." 
 
 During the controversy over the waterway 
 question it has sometimes been contended that 
 the government would not permit the abstraction 
 from Lake Michigan of a sufficient quantity of 
 water to permit the development of water power; 
 but in view of these provisions of the act under 
 which the channel of the Sanitary District of 
 Chicago was built, and the vast expenditure of 
 money which the National government has per- 
 mitted the people of Chicago to make for the pur- 
 poses of sanitation which are dependent for their 
 utility upon the withdrawal of large volumes of 
 water from Lake Michigan, such a contention 
 cannot be taken seriously. 
 
 The present flow of water in the Chicago 
 Sanitary and Ship Canal has not always been 
 constant in volume but has at times reached 
 450,000 cubic feet per minute. Its salutary effect 
 
 52 
 
upon the water supply and upon the general 
 sanitary condition of Chicago is known to all. 
 
 But the work is not complete. The Calumet 
 River is still emptying into Lake Michigan the 
 sewage from local sources in Illinois and the more 
 voluminous and offensive matter from neigh- 
 boring manufacturing towns and villages in 
 Indiana, a- menace to the purity of the water 
 supply of Chicago. To do away with this danger 
 the Sanitary District of Chicago is now engaged 
 in the construction of what is known as the Calu- 
 met-Sag Channel, the object of which is to reverse 
 the flow of the Calumet River, just as the main 
 Sanitary District Channel has reversed the flow of 
 the Chicago River, and discharge it into the main 
 channel at one of the rock sections at about 20 
 miles from Robey Street, Chicago. 
 
 So that the friends of the waterway project 
 have every reason for assurance that the National 
 government must continue to permit the with- 
 drawal of water from Lake Michigan to meet the 
 growing sanitary requirements of the City of 
 Chicago and its vicinity. 
 
 In addition to the prosecution of the suit 
 against the Economy Light & Power Co., 
 Governor Deneen appointed Mr. Isham Randolph 
 as agent of the State to confer regarding the 
 matter with a commission appointed in 1910 
 by the United States Government to investi- 
 gate the project and report upcn the question 
 of Federal . cooperation with the State. This 
 appointment by the Governor was made neces- 
 sary on account of the failure of the General 
 Assembly to create a commission to confer 
 with the Federal commission for the purpose 
 stated. 
 
 The Federal commission made its report Janu- 
 ary 23, 1911. It finds that the plans and specifi- 
 cations of the Illinois Internal Improvement 
 Commission could be carried out with the $20,- 
 000,000 provided by the constitutional amend- 
 ment. In fact, the Federal commission deemed 
 the plans of the Illinois Internal Improvement 
 Commission more liberal than "was necessary and 
 that its purposes can be accomplished with a 
 channel and locks of smaller dimensions and with a 
 smaller expenditure. Later, in April, 1911, Gover- 
 nor Deneen, with Mr. Randolph, presented the 
 matter to the President of the United States, both 
 in conference and by letter. President Taft's 
 letter of April 17, 1911, in reply to Governor 
 Deneen's letter of April 15, 1911, states: 
 
 "In behalf of your State, there has been no legislative 
 commission with whom the board of engineers could 
 negotiate, and that board has reported a project for the 
 lower [Illinois] River which, I learn from your letter, is 
 not satisfactory to the State. 
 
 54 
 
"In view of this fact, I shall recommend to Congress 
 that the term of service of said board be continued and 
 that it be empowered to reopen the question of the treat- 
 ment of the lower Illinois River, and to negotiate with a 
 commission hereafter to be created by your General 
 Assembly, and to agree with such commission upon a 
 plan for the lower Illinois River and upon the extent to 
 which the United States may properly cooperate with 
 the State of Illinois in securing the construction of a 
 navigable waterway from Lockport to the mouth of the 
 Illinois River in conjunction with the development of 
 water power by the State between Lockport and Utica." 
 
 In the President's message submitted to 
 Congress, December 21, there is a paragraph 
 devoted to this subject, which reads as follows: 
 
 "The project for a navigable waterway from Lake 
 Michigan to the mouth of the Illinois River and thence 
 via the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico is one of national 
 importance. In view of the work accomplished by the 
 Sanitary District of Chicago, which has constructed the 
 most difficult and costly stretch of this waterway and 
 made it an asset of the nation, and in view of the fact 
 that the people of Illinois have authorized the expendi- 
 ture of $20,000,000 to carry this waterway sixty-two 
 miles farther to Utica, I feel that it is fitting that this 
 work should be supplemented by the Government and 
 that the expenditures recommended by the special board 
 of engineers on the waterway from Utica to the mouth 
 of the Illinois River be made upon lines which, while 
 providing a waterway for the nation, should otherwise 
 benefit that state to the fullest extent. 
 
 "I recommend that the term of service of this special 
 board of engineers be continued and that it be empowered 
 to reopen the question of the treatment of the lower 
 Illinois River and to negotiate with a properly constituted 
 commission representing Illinois and to agree upon a plan 
 for the improvement of the lower Illinois River, and .upon 
 the extent to which the United States may properly 
 cooperate with the State in securing the construction of 
 a navigable waterway from Lockport to the mouth of 
 the Illinois River in conjunction with the development 
 of water power by that State between Lockport and 
 Utica." 
 
 On December 23rd, the President wrote to 
 Hon. S. M. Sparkman, Chairman of the Rivers 
 & Harbors Committee of Congress, as follows: 
 
 "White House, Washington, D. C., 
 December 23, 1911. 
 
 "Hon. S. M. Sparkman, Chairm.in, 
 Rivers & Harbors Committee. 
 
 "Sir: 
 
 "In view of the great importance to the whole country 
 of the creation of a waterway from the Great Lakes to 
 the Gulf of Mexico, I call your attention briefly to a con- 
 sideration not taken up in the section of my message 
 which related to that waterway. The State of Illinois 
 has, by an overwhelming vote of its people, authorized 
 the expenditure of $20,000,000 for building of that link 
 in this waterway between the present terminus of the 
 Chicago Sanitary Canal, near Lockport, and Utica on 
 the Illinois River, a distance of sixty-two miles. The 
 opponents of the project have questioned the sufficiency 
 of the amount authorized by the people of the State to 
 pay for the work planned by the Internal Improvement 
 Commission of the State. These estimates, however, 
 
 55 
 
have been checked by the Board of Engineers, whose 
 appointment was authorized by the Sixty-first Congress, 
 Second Session, and were by them considered sufficient 
 to cover the cost involved. See H. R. Document No. 
 1374, pages eight and ten. On page eleven, this state- 
 ment is found: 
 
 " 'Should the State of Illinois be unable to complete the 
 locks suggested by the board, or the bridges required 
 by navigation, the United States might then properly 
 undertake to complete these parts of the project, but as 
 the authorized appropriation of $20,000,000 by the State 
 is considered sufficient for all work above Utica, no 
 estimates are submitted for these parts.' 
 
 "I concur in the belief of the board so expressed above 
 and feel that the Congress should endorse the project; 
 and, further, in view of the character and ability of the 
 men who have reported upon the project, I think that the 
 United States runs small risk in guaranteeing any sum 
 that this link in the project may cost in excess of the 
 $20,000,000 that the State will provide. This work 
 should progress in time with the improvement of the 
 Upper Mississippi, the Missouri and the Ohio rivers. 
 Its importance warrants Congressional action in its 
 support. 
 
 (Signed) "WILLIAM H. TAFT, 
 
 "President." 
 
 From this it is manifest that the President is in 
 hearty accord with the project for a deep water- 
 way from the Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 In view of the magnitude of the public interests 
 at stake and dependent on the proper solution of 
 the waterway question, Governor Deneen is to 
 be commended for the course he has taken in 
 this matter. The opportunity for Illinois to 
 secure without expense to our citizens a deep 
 waterway from the lakes to the Mississippi and 
 at the same time develop water power providing 
 a constant source of future revenue should not 
 be lost. New York in 1909 appropriated $101,- 
 000,000 for the improvement and enlargement 
 of the Erie Canal, all of which must be paid out 
 of taxation, not like the Illinois project from 
 water power development. Canada is arranging 
 to expend $100,000,000 on canals which will 
 shorten the way for her domestic commerce to the 
 Atlantic! Ocean. And yet upon one pretext and 
 another the carrying out of this great project 
 has been so far prevented by our General Assem- 
 bly and the mind of the people prejudiced against 
 it. This has been brought about by various 
 misrepresentations to one of which only atten- 
 tion need be called. 
 
 It has been claimed by the opponents of water- 
 way legislation that Governor Deneen has been 
 opposed to Federal cooperation in the construc- 
 tion of the proposed waterway. The contrary 
 is true. In every message upon the waterway in 
 which this has been referred to, Governor Deneen 
 has been for, not against, the securing of Federal 
 cooperation. The following quotations from 
 Governor Deneen's messages will show this. 
 
 56 
 
The Governor's message of October 8, 1907, re- 
 ferring to waterway legislation by the State, said: 
 
 "With such legislation I believe we can expect every 
 assistance desired from the Federal government." 
 
 Message of November 6, 1907 : 
 
 "It is important to know whether private rights can 
 vest against a long determined public policy which the 
 State and the United States are now ready to consum- 
 mate." 
 
 Biennial message of 1909 : 
 
 "As a navigable waterway, the completed channel will 
 be under Federal control for. navigation purposes, and it 
 is to be hoped that the State may be able to secure Federal 
 aid in the construction of locks, thus decreasing materially 
 the construction cost to the State." 
 
 Again, the same message : 
 
 "The attitude of the representatives of the Federal 
 government is now more friendly to a broad policy of 
 waterway development than ever before, and should 
 Illinois show a disposition to enter vigorously upon the 
 work of waterway construction, it cannot but affect 
 favorably the Federal situation." 
 
 Again, the same message : 
 
 "Our State, therefore, should take a leading part in 
 the present movement for waterway development and 
 set an example of prompt and vigorous action which will 
 command the attention and elicit the cooperation of the 
 other states and the National government." 
 
 Special message of April 25, 1911: 
 
 "In view of the favorable character of the Federal re- 
 port (dated January 23, 1911) of its findings that the 
 sum provided by the Constitutional amendment is suffi- 
 cient to carry to completion the State's waterway and 
 water power project, and of its recommendation of Fed- 
 eral cooperation, so far as the interests of navigation 
 through our State are concerned, I think there should 
 be no further delay on the part of the State in carrying 
 out its plans" 
 
 Same message : 
 
 "There can be no question therefore that the State k 
 thoroughly protected against an expenditure in excess 
 of $20,000,000, both through the investigations and 
 judgment of the State and Federal experts and by the 
 very terms of the waterway bill itself." 
 
 Special message of June 14, 1911: 
 
 "Moreover, the Federal Government, which, as al- 
 ready shown, has indicated its willingness to confer with 
 an Illinois commission upon the subject of Federal co- 
 operation between Lockport and Utica and the improve- 
 ment by the Federal Government of the lower Illinois 
 River, has suggested that its action in this matter, so 
 important to the interests of our State, be made depend- 
 ent upon the prior action of Illinois." 
 
 But no showing of facts has been sufficient to 
 change the attitude of certain members of the 
 
 57 
 
General Assembly or of the other opponents of 
 the Illinois waterway and water power develop- 
 ment. They have been proof against argument 
 and, as sometimes happens when large ard val- 
 uable public interests are at stake, a certain 
 class of politicians has raised clamor of false 
 charges to confuse the public mind upon this 
 question. They have asserted that Governor 
 Deneen's motive in attempting to secure waterway 
 legislation was to insure its expenditure during 
 his own administration so as to build up a power- 
 ful political machine upon favors extended to 
 contractors and politicians who would reap large 
 benefits therefrom. Governor Deneen's record 
 does not warrant any such suspicion or support 
 such a charge. 
 
 During his administration the Governor, under 
 the law, has been directed to expend vast sums 
 of money for new buildings and other improve- 
 ments, and every contract has been let- to the 
 lowest bidder and every building constructed 
 and improvement work carried out without the 
 slightest scandal as to the expenditure of a single 
 dollar. No contractor or politician has been 
 favored; no political machine has been created. 
 And should this great work be undertaken during 
 Governor Deneen's term of office, the money 
 will be expended with the same honesty and 
 economy, whether the work is done under con- 
 tractors or directly by the State. In the latter 
 event, all employes would be civil service em- 
 ployes and under civil service supervision as to 
 merit, efficiency, honesty and compensation, 
 insuring to the State an economical and efficient 
 service. But there is no basis for any suspicion. 
 Should the ^ork be done it will be done jointly 
 by the Federal and State governments under the 
 supervision of both. 
 
 In vie\v, however, of the action of the people 
 in adopting the constitutional amendment, of the 
 great value of the public interests involved and 
 of the favorable attitude of the Federal Govern- 
 ment, Governor Deneen has deemed it his duty 
 as far as possible and as long as possible to pre- 
 serve for Illinois a situation in regard to this 
 waterway and water power that will enable the 
 State to construct and develop them without 
 expense to the taxpayers. Governor Deneen re- 
 gards this as a most important commercial and 
 conservation question, and should the project 
 finally fail and private corporations reap the 
 benefits he proposes that no blame or scandal in 
 connection with such failure shall attach to his 
 administration. 
 
 Colonel Roosevelt, since his nomination by the 
 Third party, has advocated the building of the 
 Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway by the Fed- 
 
 58 
 
eral Government and has suggested the trans- 
 fer of the machinery and organization now in 
 use at the Panama Canal to the Mississippi 
 Valley to carry on this work. Should the Fed- 
 eral Government be willing to do this and under- 
 take it at once, it is likely there would be no 
 objection on the part of the State of Illinois 
 because of the great commercial advantages 
 which would accrue to our State. In such 
 event, Illinois would have contributed to this 
 waterway about $70,000,000 in work on that 
 part of the construction of the Lakes to the 
 Gulf channel extending from the mouth of the 
 Chicago River to Lockport. The water power 
 created by the use of the money collected from 
 the tax-payers of trje Chicago Sanitary Dis- 
 trict would thus inure to the advantage of the 
 Federal Government and to that extent would 
 be a vast contribution by a portion of the citi- 
 zens of our State in aid of this National project. 
 
 But the Federal Government has refused thus 
 far either to undertake or cooperate in the 
 construction of that part of the channel be- 
 tween Chicago and Utica and has insisted that 
 the State or its agencies should construct it 
 along plans prepared by the Federal Govern- 
 ment. Its last appropriation for the dredging 
 of the Illinois River from Utica to Grafton was 
 conditioned upon the improvement by Illinois 
 of that portion of the waterway between Lock- 
 port and Utica. 
 
 Governor Deneen's position throughout this 
 struggle has been to preserve for the State the 
 right to use the water power between Lockport 
 and Utica so that the State might utilize the 
 power created through the taxation of its citi- 
 zens in order to pay the expense of the con- 
 struction of the waterway between Lockport 
 and Utica. Colonel Roosevelt has not indicated 
 his views as to what should be done in refer- 
 ence to the utilization of this great water power. 
 Until the State is secured in this matter, it 
 should pursue the policy outlined by Governor 
 Deneen in reference to its conservation. On 
 this matter the Republican Party platform 
 adopted at Springfield April 19, 1912, states: 
 
 "We commend the administration also for the strong 
 support it has accorded to all efforts for the conserva- 
 tion of the State's natural resources and for its stead- 
 fast adherence to the policy of preserving such resources, 
 wherever possible, for the public benefit. And we favor 
 the enactment of legislation authorizing the purchase of 
 the water power sites necessary to preserve for the public 
 benefit the water power to be developed in connection 
 with the construction of the deep waterway provided 
 for in the constitutional amendment adopted by the 
 voters of Illinois on November 3, 1908. And for this 
 purpose we favor the creation of a commission to con- 
 duct negotiations and confer with the Federal Govern- 
 
 59'. 
 
ment with regard to Federal cooperation in the con- 
 struction of said waterway and the guaranteeing of any 
 sum in addition to the $20.000,000 provided by the 
 constitutional amendment which may be necessary to 
 complete it. The creation of such a commission by 
 our State has already been invited by the Federal author- 
 ities and the cooperation of the Federal Government 
 practically pledged in advance." 
 
 The Democratic Platform enacted at Peoria, 
 April 19, 1912, states: 
 
 "We protest against the expenditure of money belong- 
 ing to the people of this State for the construction of 
 waterways until such time as full cooperation, financial 
 and otherwise, by the Federal Government has been 
 assured by an Act of Congress, and then only with 
 the provision that all power sites which may hereafter 
 be created by waterway construction shall, before the 
 work is commenced, become the property of the State 
 and shall not be sold, bargained or given away, but 
 shall be held in ownership by the State." 
 
 The Progressive Party, in its State platform 
 adopted at Chicago, August 3rd, 1912, states: 
 
 "We demand immediate legislative and judicial pro- 
 cedure to restore and safeguard to the people of the 
 State the undeveloped water power of the Desplaines 
 Valley and elsewhere created by Nature or the tax- 
 payers' money. Such legislation would include the 
 rescinding of the Twenty-Million-Dollar Bond Issue." 
 
 The Republican National Platform, adopted 
 at Chicago June 22, 1912, states: 
 
 "The Mississippi River is the Nation's drainage ditch. 
 Its floqdwaters gathered from thirty-one states and the 
 Dominion of Canada constitute an over-powering force 
 which breaks the levees and pours its torrents over many 
 millions of acres of the richest land in the Union, stopping 
 mills, impeding commerce and causing great loss in life 
 and property. 
 
 These floods are national in scope and the disasters 
 they produce seriously affect the general welfare. The 
 State unaided cannot cope with this giant problem, hence 
 here we believe the Federal Government should assume a 
 fair proportion of the burden of its control so as to pre- 
 vent the disasters from recurring floods." 
 
 The Democratic Platform, adopted at Balti- 
 more July 2, states: 
 
 "We favor the cooperation of the United States and 
 the respective states in plans for the comprehensive 
 treatment of all waterways with a view to coordinating 
 plans for channel improvement with plans for drainage 
 of swamps and over-flowed lands, and to this end we 
 favor the appropriation by the Federal Government of 
 sufficient funds to make surveys of such lands, to develop 
 plans for draining such lands and to supervise the work 
 of construction. 
 
 "We favor the adoption of a liberal and comprehen- 
 sive plan for the development and improvement of our 
 inland waterways with economy and efficiency so as to 
 promote their navigation by vessels of standard draft." 
 
 The Third Party Platform, adopted at Chi- 
 cago on August 7, 1912, states: 
 
 "* * * * The equipment, organization and experience 
 acquired in constructing the Panama Canal soon will be 
 
 60 
 
available for the Lakes-to-the-Gulf deep waterwa y and 
 other portions of this great work, and should be utilized 
 by the Nation in cooperation with the various states at 
 the lowest net cost to the people." 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 Insurance Department. 
 
 Insurance in its many forms is of first import- 
 ance and reaches every household in the State. 
 The total risks assumed in Illinois amount to 
 nearly $3,000,000,000, and the total premiums 
 paid therefor to $100,000,000. It is highly 
 important that such vast interests be properly 
 conserved and carefully and intelligently super- 
 vised. 
 
 Under Governor Deneen the Illinois Insurance 
 Department has taken a very advanced position 
 and ranks with the departments of New York, 
 Massachusetts and other old and important 
 insurance states. 
 
 More important and beneficial insurance legis- 
 lation has been passed during Governor Deneen's 
 administration than had been enacted during the 
 30 years preceding, and nearly all of these laws 
 were advised by the several messages of the 
 Governor and were introduced at the suggestion 
 of the Insurance Department. The most im- 
 portant are as follows : 
 
 (a) To require life insurance companies of 
 other states to maintain deposits of securities 
 for the benefit cf policy holders. 
 
 (b) To require life insurance companies to 
 maintain a reserve on their policies upon a higher 
 basis than heretofore required. 
 
 (c) To authorize the Insurance Superinten- 
 dent to enlarge the information called for in the 
 statements of life insurance companies. 
 
 (d) To prohibit misrepresentation, through 
 advertisements, of the terms, benefits or advan- 
 tages of policies of life insurance companies, 
 by their officers or agents. 
 
 (e) To regulate the investments of the funds 
 of insurance companies. 
 
 (f) To require the salaries paid officers, trustees 
 and directors of life insurance companies to be 
 determined by the Board of Directors. 
 
 (g) To regulate the provisions that may be 
 contained in policies of life insurance issued in 
 this State. 
 
 (h) To amend the law prescribing the form 
 of certificate on policies.of life insurance registered 
 in the department. 
 
 (i) To require biennial examinations of fra- 
 ternal societies by the insurance department. 
 
 61 
 
(j) Establishing the office of Fire Marshal, 
 and prescribing his dutio. 
 
 (k) Regulating Lloyds, Inter Insurers and 
 other forms of fire insurance hitherto unlicensed 
 and outside of State supervision. 
 
 (1) Establishing pension funds for firemen, 
 policemen, police matrons and park policemen. 
 
 (m) Permitting the establishing and mainte- 
 nance of hospitals and sanitoriums for afflicted 
 members of fraternal societies. 
 
 (n) Permitting the amendment of the charters 
 of life insurance companies providing for the 
 reinsurance and consolidation of life insurance 
 companies. 
 
 (o) Permitting life insurance companies with 
 sufficient capital to do health and accident 
 business. 
 
 (p) Permitting assessment accident companies 
 to do the business of health insurance. 
 
 Many of the Illinois laws have been followed 
 by other states. The reforms have all been 
 brought about under the Deneen administration 
 without serious interference with the insurance 
 business and to the satisfaction of the insuring 
 public and the insurers. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 State Fire Marshal's Department. 
 
 This department, created by the act of 1909, was 
 first open for business July 1, 1911. The depart- 
 ment is composed of a fire marshal, an assistant 
 fire marshal and 16 deputy State fire marshals. 
 In addition to these, 17 deputy fire marshals are 
 appointed to report fires occurring outside of 
 incorporated towns and villages in the 17 Illinois- 
 counties not under township organization. 
 
 From the first of August to the 31st of Decem- 
 ber, 1911, 68 indictments for arson and kindred 
 crimes, and 35 indictments for conspiracy to 
 defraud insurance companies, were returned. 
 In the investigation of these crimes, the Fire 
 Marshal's Department has cooperated with the 
 state's attorneys of the respective counties in 
 which they occurred, and also in the preparation 
 of the cases for trial. 
 
 During this period there were reported 1,329 
 fires in counties outside of Cook County and 110 . 
 suspicious fires in Cook County, which have 
 been investigated by the department. Counties 
 outside of Cook County make their reports to 
 the main office of the department at Springfield, 
 whilst Chicago fires are reported to a branch 
 office maintained by the department in that city, 
 where four deputy fire marshals have charge of 
 the work and conduct the investigation as well 
 
 H2 
 
as the prosecution of Chicago cases in cooperation 
 \rith the city authorities. 
 
 In addition to this class of work, the depart- 
 ment is also engaged in investigations looking 
 to the diminution of fire waste and fire losses in 
 this State, and in urging upon city councils and 
 other municipal bodies more rigid restrictions 
 as to hazardous fire conditions, the passing of 
 model fire insurance ordinances and the passage 
 of fire limit laws. The necessity for this work 
 is obvious from the fact that fire losses in Illinois 
 List year reached the enormous total of $10,000,- 
 000. 
 
 This department is not maintained by State 
 taxation but by a tax of one-fourth of one per- 
 cent upon fire insurance companies doing business 
 in Illinois, and it is confidently expected that the 
 work of the Department will ultimately result 
 in greatly reducing fire losses and also the prem- 
 iums for fire insurance in this State without any 
 cost to the tax payers therefor. 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 Railroad and Warehouse Commission. 
 
 One of the branches of the public service in 
 which excellent progress has been made during 
 Governor Deneen's administration is that having 
 to do with the regulation of public service cor- 
 porations. The law governing this subject has 
 been thoroughly revised and many additional 
 powers of regulation and supervision have been 
 conferred upon the State Railroad and Warehouse 
 Commission. These include: 
 
 a. Jurisdiction over express companies, under 
 which rates have been reduced approximately 
 twenty per cent under order of the commission 
 issued last October. This reduction has been 
 accepted without question and Illinois business 
 men are today enjoying the benefit. 
 
 b. Jurisdiction over steamboat and sleeping 
 car lines. 
 
 c. Power to make joint rates on two or more 
 lines of railroads. 
 
 d. Power to regulate rates for demurrage, 
 storage, and all other charges incident to trans- 
 portation in the State. 
 
 e. Power to require physical connection be- 
 tween railroads at intersecting points. 
 
 f. Power to fix switching rates. 
 
 g. Power to inquire into the business manage- 
 ment of all common carriers. 
 
 h. Power to make investigations regarding 
 complaints of shippers and as to methods of 
 adjustment of such complainte. 
 
 i. Power to fix a less charge for a longer than 
 for a shorter haul of property or persons. 
 
 6-3 
 
The office of State Inspector of Safety Applian- 
 ces was created in 1905 for the inspection of 
 automatic couplers, power brakes and other safety 
 appliances and to enforce the law requiring their 
 use upon railroads for the greater safety of railroad 
 employes and the traveling public. 
 
 Under a petition filed in 1902, an investigation 
 was conducted in 1905 by the Railroad and 
 Warehouse Commission under Governor Deneen's 
 direction with the result that on January 1, 1906, 
 the Railroad and Warehouse Commission issued 
 a new schedule and classification of freight rates, 
 reducing such rates on the merchandise classes 
 Nos. 1 to 5, inclusive, 20%; and on July 1st 
 following an order was issued reducing carload 
 classes, Nos. 6 to 10, inclusive, from 10% down- 
 ward. 
 
 The following facts showing the magnitude of 
 Illinois' transportation interests will be of interest : 
 
 The mileage of main track, steam railroads, is 
 12,148.05, which is an increase of 22.18 miles over 
 last year. There are now 2,774.32 miles of second, 
 third, fourth and additional main tracks, which is 
 an increase of 262.76 miles; industrial tracks, 
 546.71, an increase of 8 1.98 miles; yard tracks and 
 sidings, 6,897.29, an increase of 231.06 miles. A 
 total for all kinds of tracks of steam railroads of 
 22,366.37 miles. 
 
 The mileage of interurban electric railways, that 
 being the only class of electric roads reporting to 
 this commission, is as follows: Main line and 
 branches, 1,441.47, an increase for the year of 
 65.75 miles; additional main tracks, 206.41 miles; 
 industrial tracks, 33.56 miles, an increase of 30.28 
 miles; yard tracks and sidings, 121.20 miles; an 
 increase of 18.07 miles. A total of all kinds of 
 tracks of electric railroads of 1,802.64 miles, an 
 increase for the year of 111.68 miles. 
 
 The total for both steam and electric railroads 
 in the State of Illinois, for the year ending June 
 30, 1911, of all kinds of tracks is 24,169.01, an 
 increase for the year of 709.66 miles, and is classi- 
 fied in the following table: 
 
 Surface 
 
 Steam and 
 
 rail- elevated Total, 
 roads. electric 
 
 ^ R..R- 
 
 Classification. 
 
 Vlain line and branches. . . 12,148.05 1,441.47 13,589.52 
 Second, third, fourth and 
 additional main tracks. 2,774.32 206.41 2,980.73 
 
 Industrial tracks 546.71 33.56 580.27 
 
 Yard tracks and sidings.. 6,897.29 121.20 7,018.49 
 
 Total 22,366.37 1,802.64 24,169.01 
 
 The following shows the amounts paid by the public for 
 ransportation and the expenditure of the railroads for 
 abor and material: 
 
Operating revenue, $201,301,354. Increase for the 
 
 year, $8,776,087. 
 
 Operating expenses, $145,142,678. Increase, $6,361,537. 
 
 Passengers carried earning revenue, 84,584,001 '. Increase 
 for the year, 3,431,536.. 
 
 Passenger revenue per mile of road, $3,929. 
 
 Tons of freight carried earning revenue, 185,837,049: 
 Decrease for the year, tons, 529,012. 
 
 Total employes, Illinois, 150,435. Increase for the year, 
 5,840. 
 
 Total yearly compensa'tion, all employe's, $105,630,773. 
 Increase for {he year, $9,539,847. 
 
 Average rate of pay, per day, all employe's, $2.44. 
 
 The commission for more, than two years has 
 personally or by a direct representative in- 
 vestigated every accident resulting in loss of life 
 occurring within this State, and in a number of 
 instance's has cited the railroads and held a 
 public and an exhaustive investigation thereof, 
 and has promulgated a number of rules that will 
 materially help to minimize accidents. 
 
 The commission has inspected practically all 
 of the equipment on the respective roads within 
 this State in relation -to safety. appliances, and a 
 great improvement has been made along this 
 line. 
 
 Many of the leading roads of the State have 
 been inspected by the commission during the 
 last year, and the plan was adopted of notifying 
 all commercial bodies and city and village offi- 
 cials of all the stations along the line, requesting 
 the citizens to meet the commission and present 
 any matter of improvement or complaint in rela- 
 tion to transportation matters, and at each of the 
 larger cities, where the commission remained 
 over night, informal meetings were held with 
 the business interests of the city. This innova- 
 tion in inspection has brought together the 
 people and railroad officials with the commission 
 and has resulted in great good throughout the 
 State. 
 
 The commission recently, after an exhaustive 
 hearing, rendered a decision that common car- 
 riers could not make an .additional charge to the 
 shipper for car rental other than the regular 
 charge for transportation. This is a very im- 
 portant holding, beneficial to all shippers. 
 
 The commission has given more attention to 
 the matter of local needs along the line of the 
 several roads for elevators, transportation of 
 grain and stock, etc., than at any period in its 
 history. Recently, or to be specific, on August 
 1, 1912, the commission issued a circular letter 
 to the managers of all the railroads in the State, 
 calling their attention to the annual shortage 
 . of equipment and power to move grain, coal 
 and other products of the State and requesting 
 that the engines and cars be brought to the 
 highest state of efficiency, 'especially in view of 
 
an expected unprecedented large crop of all 
 kinds of grain. The general managers are all 
 replying promptly accepting the suggestions of 
 the commission and in many cases replying that 
 the only drawback they are experiencing is a 
 lack of men to do the work in their shops and 
 yards. 
 
 This commission, under the present adminis- 
 tration, is not one of political activity, but is 
 organized and operating .on a purely business 
 basis, looking particularly to the interests of the 
 people. Its hearings are thorough and its 
 opinions and decisions are concurred in as being 
 fair and just by both railroads and shippers. 
 and are being Quoted and followed extensively 
 throughout the country by other commissions. 
 
 The Dolicy adopted by the commission and 
 which it has Dut into operation successfully > has 
 resulted in bringing the Deople and the common 
 carriers more closely together than heretofore, 
 and it is a well known fact throughout the State 
 that through the influence of the commission 
 th& common carriers are more thoroughly co- 
 ODerating with ths commission and with the 
 people in the interests of all than at any former 
 period. 
 
 _: Ox" Levers. sessions o* the 
 i/lie Governor, in his messages., hu. recomnendcc 
 GO the Legislature the passing of an act. abolish- 
 ing the use of railway passes by persons engaged 
 in the public service. In recommending the 
 passage of such legislation to the General As- 
 sembly, Governor Denecn in his biennial message 
 
 "In my opinion the use of such passes has 
 ?rown to .such proportions as to constitute a 
 public evil/' 1 and that "It is clear that the ULC 
 :>f passes is destructive of that equal treatment 
 which should be accorded to all citizens in the 
 ULC oj these public highways. In the last analysis 
 it is obvious that thoso who are furnished free 
 transportation ride at the expense of those whe 
 are not granted that privilege. It needs nc 
 argument to demonstrate that the man who pay: 
 nis fare should not be penalized for the benefit 
 of the man who desires to travel at his expense. 
 
 "Many other states have enacted laws and 
 Congress recently enacted an anti-pass law 
 covering interstate transportation, which will 
 be more or less hampered in its operation until 
 supplemental legislation is enacted by the state 
 governments. I cannot but believe that the 
 national sentiment against the use of railroad 
 
 6G 
 
passes by public officials is shared by the people 
 of Illinois, and that this sentiment should find 
 expression in the enactment of suitable legislation." 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 Factory Inspection. 
 
 The State of. Illinois is now a great agricul- 
 tural, manufacturing, mining, commercial and 
 transportation state, teeming with a vigorous, 
 wide-awake, progressive population. Surpassed 
 in numbers and in the value of its manufactured 
 product only by New York and Pennsylvania, it 
 is thoroughly aroused to its responsibility, not only 
 for the conservation of its natural resources, but 
 for the conservation of its human resources. 
 The State has recognized its dependence upon 
 its workers for its material progress and the duty 
 of promoting their health, comfort and general 
 welfare. 
 
 The Illinois Deoartment of Factory Inscection 
 is the State agency directly charged with securing 
 to the industrial employes, the protection of 
 laws enacted for their physical well-being. The 
 results obtained by this department through 
 the enactment and enforcement of laws directed 
 to promote the health, safety and comfort of 
 the wage-earner arc matter:, of general knowledge 
 :e those directly Interested, in social and indus- 
 trial legislation; but the remarkable growth of 
 the Wwrk of the department, the extent of its 
 duties, and the success attending its efforts 
 nave not been so generally comprehended. It 
 Is with the desire to acquaint the people of the 
 entire Commonwealth w r ith the work accomplished 
 in behalf of the conservation of human resources 
 in this State, that the following survey is given. 
 
 In 1904 the Illinois Department of Factory 
 Inspection consisted of a Chief, an Assistant 
 Chief, and eighteen deputies, who had for their 
 ioie work the enforcement of three laws, viz : 
 
 (1) "An Act to regulate the Manufacture c: 
 "'lothiug and Wearing Apparel." (Sweat Shop 
 Act); 
 
 (2) "'An Act to Provide Blowers {or Meta. 
 Policing Whcoh;" 
 
 (3)' The very excellent Illinois Child Labor 
 Lav/. 
 
 While good results were accomplished in the 
 enforcement of the above regulations, the State 
 was very lacking in laws providing for the 
 health, safety and comfort of working people. 
 There was no statute providing for the guarding 
 of hazardous or dangerous machinery, or re- 
 ' quiring industrial establishments to observe 
 recognized standards of ventilation, sanitation 
 and general hygiene, and there were no statutory 
 
 67 
 
measures providing for the reduction of industrial 
 accidents. 
 
 One of the first acts of the present adminis- 
 tration was a thorough investigation of the 
 entire question of factory legislation both in 
 this country and abroad, having in view the 
 framing for submission to the legislature of laws 
 necessary for. the protection of the men, women 
 and children who are at work in our industries. 
 Much has been accomplished along this line. A 
 review of the laws enacted and the results ob- 
 tained will be conclusive proof that Illinois now 
 holds a foremost place among the states that have 
 enacted protective statutes to keep pace with 
 their industrial growth. 
 
 In 1907, the Department of Factory Inspec- 
 tion was entirely reorganized and for the first 
 time rtia'de a separate department of the State 
 government. .. Since that time, its powers have 
 been greatly enlarged and its duties extended 
 through the enactment, of new legislation, the 
 regulation of the various classes of employment, 
 and the more rigid. enforcement of existing laws. 
 During the past seven and a half years 477,562 
 inspections have been made as against 128,327 
 inspections for the ten years, previous. 
 
 Complete and modern business systems were 
 inaugurated, card index systems installed, ex- 
 tended compilations of commercial statistics, 
 material data and information for the public 
 gathered. A modern, thorough inspection sys- 
 tem was inaugurated, together with improved 
 means for recording the daily work of each 
 inspector. 
 
 Formerly, there was little or no effort towards 
 cooperation between school officials and factory 
 inspectors relative to children who were dis- 
 charged from employment, or were not attending 
 school. Our efforts in this direction have re- 
 sulted in a well-defined and well-working system 
 of cooperation between the school officials, 
 juvenile probation officers, child saving " so- 
 cieties, labor organizations, merchants' associa- 
 tions, civic and social organizations, and the.. 
 Factory Inspection Department. -Clear and 
 specific plans of cooperation are in effect, and 
 as a result, there has been secured a more effec- 
 tive enforcement of the Child Labor Law. 
 Thousands of children have been returned to 
 school, and an increased school attendance is 
 apparent throughout the State. 
 
 During the present administration, the follow- 
 ing laws have been placed upon the statute 
 books and charged to the Department of Factory 
 Inspection for enforcement: . '. . . 
 
 "An Act to provide for the health, safety and 
 c'omfort of employes in factories, mills and 
 
workshops," in eft'ect Jan. -'- 1, 1910, providing 
 for the promotion of the health, safety and com- 
 fort of industrial workers, for the guarding of 
 hazardous and dangerous machinery, for the 
 establishment of proper ventilation, sanitation 
 and hygiene in factories, mills and workshops, 
 the reporting of industrial accidents, seats for 
 women employes, etc. The department in en- 
 forcing this law, has carefully inspected over 
 8,000 establishments, with the result of promoting 
 the health of the men and women employed, 
 and improving their efficiency, with a considerable 
 decrease in the number of industrial accidents. 
 
 "An Act to protect men engaged in the 
 alteration and repair of bridges, buildings and 
 viaducts," a law to be used directly for pro- 
 tection against accidents to men engaged in 
 building trades. Adequate provisions are now 
 required to prevent the men from falling great 
 distances, also to insure the use of the proper 
 material, hoists, derricks, tackle and scaffolding 
 by contractors and erectors. The cooperation 
 of the Building Commissioners has, to a great 
 extent, been secured, and it is worthy of mention 
 that industrial accidents .in the building trades 
 have been reduced over "one-third in the City 
 of Chicago alone, since the enactment and en- 
 forcement of this law. 
 
 The department recommended and secured 
 the passage of a resolution creating an Occupa- 
 tional Disease Commmision, which made an 
 investigation of the various industrial establish- 
 ments in the State, where industrial poisons were 
 handled, with the intent of drafting a law em- 
 bodying a provision to guard the worker from 
 contracting what is known as "occupational 
 disease," through the handling of such poisons. 
 As a result, there was enacted the "Occupational 
 Disease Law." Illinois thus won the distinction 
 of being the first and only state in the Union to 
 protect its industrial workers against contracting 
 industrial diseases. In enforcing this law, an 
 inspection of over 300 establishments has been 
 made, from which over 200 oases of lead posioning 
 have been reported. One large plant reported 
 73 cases, and as a result of the compliance with 
 orders and instructions issued by this depart- 
 ment, made changes in the plant and protected 
 the men. They now report not a single instance 
 of lead posioning in the past five months. 
 
 The "Woman's Ten Hour Law" originally 
 enacted in 1909 and amended in 1911 is the most 
 comprehensive ten-hour law in the country. 
 In enforcing its provisions, this department has 
 made over 27,000 inspections within the last 
 three years. Our efforts have had an educational 
 as well as a protectional intent, and it is gratifying 
 
to know that the law, as a whole, is exceptionally 
 well obeyed. The purpose of the law is coming 
 to be more and more understood and approved, 
 and instead of meeting the opposition on the 
 part of the manufacturers, originally shown when 
 the bill was pending in the Legislature, it is 
 steadily becoming appreciated and receiving 
 universal endorsement. 
 
 One of the most important laws enforced by 
 the Factory Inspection Department is the Child 
 Labor Law, which has long been considered, nol 
 only an excellent measure, but an example whose 
 provisions have been copied by numerous com- 
 monwealths. During the past seven and a hall 
 years, the department has made 451,679 inspec- 
 tions in the enforcement of this Act. In 1901. 
 previous to the enactment of the present law. 
 there were 19,831 children employed in 17,209 
 establishments inspected; showing for that year 
 that out of 1,000 persons employed, 41 were 
 children under the age of 16 years. Today even 
 with the great growth and size and number of 
 industrial establishments, we have only 15 
 children to 1,000 adults employed. This is the 
 lowest percentage of any state in the Union. 
 It surely must be gratifying to the people of the 
 Commonwealth to know that Illinois stands first 
 among all the states in the suppression of child 
 labor. 
 
 The department has made 2,614 inspections 
 of Metal Polishing establishments to test the 
 adequacy of the systems for carrying away 
 impurities in the air. Where establishments, 
 have failed to install adequate systems of exhaust, 
 the department has issued and executed orders, 
 requiring the installation, without unnecessary 
 delay, of the proper exhaust or blower equipment 
 for the protection of the health of the employes. 
 It is now generally recognized throughout the 
 trade in the country that the Illinois statute is 
 most thoroughly enforced and complied with. 
 The department has received special commen- 
 dation in an editorial from the National Associa- 
 tion of Metal Polishers for the improvement in 
 conditions in metal polishing plants of the State. 
 
 Under the "Sweat Shop Act," of direct interest 
 and importance to the general public as well as 
 to the workers, frequent and most thorough 
 iaspections of garment manufacturing establish- 
 ments have- been made, and the manufacturers 
 are responding to the requirements of the inspec- 
 tors that their shops be put in clean and sanitary 
 condition, insuring more healthful surroundings 
 for the employes, and securing to the public 
 greater protection from contagion and epidemic, 
 which, in the past, have so often been traced to 
 the sweat shop. 
 
 70 
 
The Department of Factory Inspection is con- 
 ducted, not only as a prosecuting department, 
 but also as an educational agency, endeavoring 
 to enforce the laws by having them first well 
 understood, and by making exhaustive efforts 
 to bring the provisions of the new laws to the 
 attention of the employer and to the general 
 public, and after this educational campaign, in- 
 sisting upon strict compliance with the law. 
 
 Besides a Complaint Bureau for the receipt 
 of complaints, an Information Bureau is main- 
 tained for matters of general information and 
 interest pertinent to the department work, con- 
 cerning the laws to be enforced, or the prob- 
 lems under investigation. It is worthy of note 
 that, during the past year, representatives of a 
 number of Commissions of Labor and of Fac- 
 tory Inspection, from California on the west to 
 New York and South Carolina on the east have 
 visited the department for the purpose of study- 
 ing its work and methods, making inspections 
 with its Chief and Deputies, and adopting many 
 of its suggestions/ 
 
 The work of ths department has been, ser- 
 iously handicapped from time to time because 
 the General Assembly, . after enacting beneficial 
 laws and enlarging the powers of the depart* 
 ment, has failed to provide appropriations suf- 
 ficient to secure their effective enforcement. 
 
 Within the pott few months, the work of the 
 department has again been reorganized, and 
 placed upon a more scientific basis, having added 
 u> its corps of workers, trained mechanics and 
 engineers, physicians, statisticians and chemists, 
 thus enabling it to specialize in its inspections 
 by having mechanics make inspections relative 
 to machinery; electricians, questions relative to 
 electricity; physicians, questions relative to dis- 
 ease and health; inspectors especially qualified 
 in ventilation and hygiene, for inspections rela- 
 tive to such subjects. Physicians and chemists 
 have been kept continuously at work in 'th( 
 study and handling of industrial poisons in ordei 
 to eliminate the direct causes of occupationa 
 diseases. The general inspectors are especially 
 selected through Competitive examinations t< 
 assist in the special investigations and to co 
 operate in the general work of enforcing th< 
 factory inspection laws. 
 
 The department now plans a wider publicity 
 for the results accomplished. Quarterly bulle 
 tins will be issued, giving reports of department 
 actively at work, reports of inspections mad 
 and prosecutions held, and concerned especial! 
 with the dissemination of intelligent informatio: 
 concerning the requirements of the law, and hoi 
 best to observe the 'law; by aiding the shop CD 
 
 " 7l 
 
gineer'or mechanic, through illustration and dia- 
 gram, to construct suitable and inexpensive safety 
 devices; issuing rules, regulations and information 
 concerning ventilation and shop hygiene; issuing 
 information relative to child labor investigations, 
 the regulation of employment of women, etc. 
 The aim of the department is to insure to 
 the employer a careful, thorough, impartial, 
 technical inspection of his plant, store or shop; 
 and to the employe, man, woman or child, the 
 highest standard of scientific protection to life 
 and limb, thus making our inspection service of 
 worth and value to the employe and employer 
 alike, necessarily resulting in increased bene- 
 ficial results to all classes of the general public 
 who are directly concerned or affected by social 
 and industrial conditions. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 Labor Legislation. 
 
 In legislation affecting various classes of em- 
 ployment Illinois has taken a most advanced 
 position during Governor Deneen's administra- 
 tion. Numerous laws for the better protection 
 of men and women engaged in many lines of 
 industry have been enacted and the powers and 
 duties of the State Factory Inspection Depart- 
 ment greatly enlarged for their enforcement. 
 These laws cover such subjects as the health, 
 comfort and safety of men and women employed 
 in different kinds of mercantile establishments, 
 mills and workshops; the affording of additional 
 protection to men engaged in structural work; 
 the requiring of the better safeguarding of 
 hazardous and dangerous machinery and the 
 use of safety devices in connection with machines 
 employed in the metal polishing trades, and 
 other important matters. 
 
 Among the laws of this character enacted since 
 Governor Deneen assumed office may be men- 
 tioned : 
 
 1905. Law enacted requiring railroads to equip 
 cars with automatic couplers; 
 
 The law amending the mining act by requiring 
 mine examiners at all mines; 
 
 Law prohibiting the employment of boys under 
 16 years of age and women and girls of any age 
 in or about mines; 
 
 The act amending the code of signals in use at 
 coal mines; 
 
 The act requiring the employment of shot 
 firers in coal mines. 
 
 1907. The : act increasing the indemnity for 
 loss of life in mine accidents; 
 
 The act regulating the use of blasting powder; 
 
 * 72 
 
The act amending the shot firers' law specifying 
 their qualifications and rules for shot firing; 
 
 The act requiring employers to report accidents 
 to employes to the State Bureau of Labor Sta- 
 tistics; 
 
 The act amending the Mining Law by requiring 
 the construction of refuge places between the 
 mine walls and car tracks; 
 
 ^The act creating the State Mining Board and 
 providing for the examination of mine inspectors, 
 mine managers, hoisting engineers and mine 
 examiners, and regulating mine ventilation; 
 
 The act creating the Department of State 
 Factory Inspection; 
 
 The act for the protection of men engaged in 
 structural work. 
 
 1908. The act requiring the examination of 
 coal miners to prevent employment of incompe- 
 tent persons; 
 
 Amendment of act creating State Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics and directing employers to fur- 
 nish bureau every facility for gathering statis- 
 tics. 
 
 1909. Joint resolution providing for railroad 
 investigation commission ; 
 
 Act providing for guarding and protection of 
 employes in use of hazardous and dangerous 
 machinery; 
 
 Act providing for examination of coal miners 
 by miners' examining boards appointed by 
 county judges; 
 
 Act providing for the establishment of Depart- 
 ment of Mining Engineering at State University ; 
 
 Act creating Board of Barbers' Examiners; 
 
 Act directing State Bureau of Labor Statistics 
 to collect statistical data of manufactures, in- 
 dustries and commerce of the State; 
 
 Act providing for mining investigation com- 
 mission for general revision of coal mining laws 
 of State, and recommendation of laws to promote 
 the safety of men employed in mines and to 
 suggest means for conservation of the coal de- 
 posits of the State; 
 
 Act requiring the issuance of certificates to 
 men engaged in the plumbing business in cer- 
 tain cities; 
 
 The act providing for the size and equipment 
 of caboose cars on railroads, to be enforced by the 
 Railroad and Warehouse Commission; 
 
 Act relating to Private Employment Agencies ; 
 
 The act providing for a ten-hour day for 
 women in mechanical establishments, factories 
 or laundries. 
 
 1910. The act providing for fire fighting and 
 rescue stations in coal fields; 
 
 Act providing for fire fighting equipment in 
 coal mines. 
 
1911. The act providing for a commission to 
 revise the building laws; 
 
 Act providing for the establishment and main- 
 tenance of Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes; 
 
 The act providing for employment on public 
 works in cities and villages; 
 
 Act prohibiting certain employments in base- 
 ments; 
 
 Act relating to oil and gas wells in the vicinity 
 of coal mines; 
 
 Workmen's Compensation Act providing com- 
 pensation for accidental injury or death; 
 
 Act to afford protection against occupational 
 diseases; 
 
 Act providing for a ten-hour workday for 
 women. 
 
 The comparative advancement made in labor 
 legislation by our State is shown by the following, 
 diagram on the opposite page, prepared and 
 issued by the Illinois State Federation of 
 Labor. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 State Mining Board. 
 
 During Governor Deneen's- administration our 
 State Mining Laws have been completely revised. 
 The revision of these laws was prepared by the 
 Mining Investigation Commission created in 1909 
 and composed equally of miners, operators and 
 experts, and their work has placed our mining 
 laws in advance of those of any other state in the 
 protection they afford to the health and safety of 
 those engaged in this occupation. 
 
 The enforcement of the mine inspection service 
 provided for by our State Mining Laws is placed 
 under the jurisdiction of a State Mining Board 
 which during Governor Deneen's administration 
 has been one of the most active departments of 
 the State government. The following is a brief 
 summary of some of the things accomplished since 
 Governor Deneen assumed office: 
 
 Since January,, 1905, 39 examinations for mine 
 managers, mine examiners and hoisting engineers 
 have been held. 
 
 On April 19, 1905, upon the recommendation 
 of Governor Deneen the State Mining Board went 
 in a body to Ziegler, 111., to investigate an explosion 
 in the Ziegler Coal Company's mine. The result 
 was a thorough and impartial examination of 
 the conditions in the mine, which has been of 
 the greatest value in subsequent efforts to prevent 
 the repetition of such disasters. 
 
 On April 16, 1906, the board adopted a reso- 
 lution governing the granting of certificates to 
 local mine managers. Formerly they had been 
 issued on presentation of application signed by 
 ten men and endorsed by the State Mine Inspec- 
 tors. This system was found unsatisfactory and 
 from a legal standpoint the validity of the certi- 
 ficates was questioned. Hereafter local mine 
 managers to be known as 2nd class mine mana- 
 gers are to be required to come before the board 
 for examination as to their knowledge and ability 
 to run mines employing less than ten men. 
 
 The dangers incident to the work of coal min- 
 ing make every attempt to increase the efficiency 
 of employes in coal mines of great importance in 
 the prevention of casualties to life and property. 
 The praiseworthy character of the work of the 
 present board could not be better indicated than 
 by the fact that statistics showing the loss of life 
 in coal mines bear a constantly decreasing ratio 
 to the tons of coal mined. For this reason the 
 action of the board in raising from time to time 
 the standard of efficiency required in candidates 
 for miners' certificates is worthy of commenda- 
 tion as conducive to the safety of men employed 
 in this industry. 
 
 76 
 
On June 3rd the State Miners' Legislative 
 Committee for New Laws adopted a resolution 
 in which, after calling attention to numerous 
 measures for the protection of miners and other 
 workmen secured under the present administra- 
 tion, Governor Deneen is commended as follows: 
 
 "The Governor has taken an advanced position in 
 regard to industrial legislation. He was satisfied that 
 the laws requested by the coal miners, many of which were 
 enacted during his administration, were needed, that 
 they tended to throw additional safeguards around the 
 dangerous occupation of coal mining, and in the interest 
 not alone of the 70,000 men who find employment in that 
 industry in Illinois, but in the behalf of a better society, 
 has been and is committed to such a legislative policy and 
 to that end has thrown the influence of his great office in 
 line with protective laws. 
 
 "It is one of the most hopeful signs of our day when men 
 like Governor Deneen, holding high, responsible positions 
 of trust in our State government are not only able, but, 
 what is more, willing to cooperate in the great work of 
 economic emancipation. 
 
 "The working men, after years of indifference, give 
 promise of awakening to their real interests. Regardless 
 of politics we must hereafter demonstrate in a substantial 
 way our appreciation of the services of men who have 
 proved to be our friends." 
 
 Since the Ziegler mine explosion, the plan of 
 making personal investigation of all serious mine 
 accidents has been carried out in all cases. 
 
 The State Mine Rescue Commission, created 
 in 1909, has erected three mine rescue stations 
 in the coal mining centers of the State at Benton, 
 Streator and Springfield, and has provided mine 
 rescue cars equipped with complete mine rescue 
 apparatus and living rooms for their operating 
 forces which can be readily moved upon tele- 
 graphic notice to any point desired. 
 
 Other laws enacted during Governor Deneen's 
 administration affecting this industry, are: 
 
 The shot firers' law. 
 
 The miners' qualification act. 
 
 The act establishing Miners' and Mechanics' 
 Institutes for the training of men engaged in the 
 coal mining industry. These institutes are to 
 be conducted at every important coal mining 
 center, following the plan adopted by the State 
 Farmers' Institutes. 
 
 The act regulating the use of black blasting 
 powder in coal mines. 
 
 The act in relation to oil and gas wells and for 
 the keeping of a record of each of these by the 
 State Mining Board. 
 
 The keeping of a permanent record of all mining 
 investigations made. 
 
 77 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 Grain Inspection Department. 
 
 At the beginning of the first term of the admin- 
 istration of Governor Deneen his attention was 
 called to the work of grain inspection as per- 
 formed by the State Grain Inspection Depart- 
 ment. Many shippers of grain insisted that the 
 inspection was unsatisfactory and instructions 
 were issued to improve the work, of inspection 
 in every possible way. 
 
 To accomplish desired results it was found 
 necessary to revolutionize the entire system. 
 The old manner of inspecting grain at the "R. 
 R. track" by a single inspector whose isolated 
 location gave him no opportunity for consulta- 
 tion with any other inspector when questions 
 of doubt or uncertainty presented themselves 
 was abandoned and a system known as "office 
 inspection" established. 
 
 Under this new system samples of all cars of 
 grain are collected and delivered to a central 
 office of the Inspection Department and there 
 inspected and graded by expert grain inspectors. 
 These inspectors are assembled for the work 
 of inspection in a large room fitted for the pur- 
 pose. This close communication provides an 
 opportunity for consultation in difficult cases 
 when uncertainty exists as to any particular 
 grade. Through this opportunity for exchange 
 of opinions satisfactory conclusions are arrived 
 at. 
 
 The "Out" inspection of grain from elevators 
 is also safeguarded by a system of reviewing at 
 the Central Office, all grain inspected daily by the 
 inspectors stationed at the different elevators. 
 This has resulted in the almost total elimination 
 of complaints from purchasers of grain loaded 
 out of elevators at Chicago for general distri- 
 bution. 
 
 These radical changes in the system of grain 
 inspection which had been in operation for more 
 than thirty years have developed a condition 
 of accuracy and efficiency much desired, meeting 
 with the approval of handlers of grain generally. 
 As evidence of this, at a trial before the State 
 Civil Service Commission of Illinois a number 
 of the largest handlers of grain at Chicago certi- 
 fied under oath to the effect that the inspection 
 of grain is now more satisfactory than at any 
 pervious period in the history of the Chicago 
 market. 
 
 Mr. J. C. F. Merrill, ex-President of the 
 Chicago Board of Trade, now Secretary of the 
 same and President of the Council of Grain 
 Exchanges in the United States, testified under 
 
oath that he had made particular inquiries 
 throughout the East and along the Atlantic 
 Seaboard, and the universal consensus of opinion 
 among handlers of grain, was that the present 
 inspection of grain at Chicago is the best in the 
 world. Mr. Merrill has a wide reputation as a 
 most progressive grain handler and is considered 
 authority on all subjects pertaining to the cash 
 (jrain trade. 
 
 A law enacted in 1871 provided that all earn- 
 ings of the inspection department should be dis- 
 bursed by order of the Railroad and Warehouse 
 Commissioners. This having been declared un- 
 constitutional, a new law was enacted by the 
 Forty-seventh General Assembly requiring the 
 earnings to be turned into the State treasury. 
 
 An appropriation of $157,000.00 per annum 
 was made for the maintenance of the department 
 TO take effect July 1, 1911. 
 
 The earnings, etc., from July 1, 1911 to June 
 30, 1912 inclusive, and turned into the State 
 treasury were as follows: 
 
 Balance on hand July 1, 1911 $ 42,732.63 
 
 Karnings for fiscal year 1911-12 176,679.99 
 
 Total ....'. $219,412.62 
 
 Expense for fiscal year 1911-12 157,815.87 
 
 Balance on hand July 1, 1912 $ 61,596.75 
 
 Grain inspected "In" and "Out" at Chicago 
 for the fiscal year 1911-12 was 395,866,452 
 bushels. 
 
 This department is now and has always been 
 self-sustaining placing no burden whatever upon 
 tha tax payers. 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 State Architect and New Buildings. 
 
 Those familiar with the work will agree that 
 the Department of State Architect has been one 
 of the most active and exacting of the Adminis- 
 tration. During the last eight years the State 
 Architect has designed and erected almost every 
 imaginable type of building, structure and 
 improvement for various State purposes, ranking 
 from simple storehouses to an ornate Temple of 
 Justice, and including Hospitals, Dormitories, 
 Gymnasiums, Schools, Cottages, Chapels, Dining 
 Rooms, Infirmaries, Park Pavilions, Kitchens, 
 Laundries, Bakeries, Rescue Stations, Boat 
 Houses, Laboratories, Morgues, Barns, Car Hous- 
 es, Field Houses, Greenhouses, Monuments, 
 Gardens, Workshops, Gateways, Chicken Houses, 
 Pig Pens, Armories, Barracks, Stables, Power 
 Housss, Swimming Pools, Heating, Ventilation, 
 Sewers, Drainage Systems, etc. and representing 
 
a grand total of expenditure of approximately 
 TEN MILLION DOLLARS ($10,000,000.00). 
 
 Due notice of all this work was given to build- 
 ing contractors by advertisements in local and 
 contractors' papers and other efforts made to 
 secure the fullest competition possible, which has 
 resulted in the State receiving most satisfactory 
 bids, so that the public work has often times 
 been done at less cost than could reasonably 
 be expected and again and again at less cost than 
 similar work in private practice. Special pains 
 were taken to write the specifications in such a 
 manner as to give all concerns dealing in building 
 material an equal show and not limit the General 
 Contractor to special makes and brands. Aside 
 from the fairness of this procedure, it is evident 
 that this arrangement assured free competition 
 in building material, again lessening the cost of 
 the work materially. This policy furthermore 
 assured a higher class of contractors than often 
 times care to figure on public work and resulted 
 in the State getting the services of these men and 
 correspondingly better workmanship. It should 
 be pointed out that this desirable state of affairs 
 would have been impossible without the constant 
 support of the Administration. Public work 
 of this satisfactory character is possible only 
 when competing bidders and material men are 
 assured that there is to be a square deal and it 
 is certain that influence or position of one kind 
 or another will not in any manner affect the 
 awarding of a contract; that the lowest responsi- 
 ble bidder will receive the work. In not a 
 single instance has a contract been let on account 
 of favoritism or influence and whenever thera 
 was the slightest indication of political or other 
 influence being brought to bear the Administra- 
 tion made it a point to see to it that an equal 
 opportunity was given to all concerned. It 
 should also be pointed out that advantage was 
 taken during those periods of financial depres- 
 sion, which occur periodically, to do as much 
 building as possible, thereby saving from 10 to 
 15% on the cost of work compared to cost of 
 similar work at other times. 
 
 It must be evident to any one visiting our 
 Institutions that the buildings erected during 
 this Administration are of a higher type than 
 those of former years. They compare well with 
 the best work undertaken by other States, and 
 in fact are being recognized as models of their 
 kind, while some of them have been pronounced 
 as ranking among the highest of their type, by 
 experts from foreign countries familiar with the 
 world's work in that field. Many plans of our 
 State buildings are in demand by other com- 
 munities and have been sent to and approved 
 
 80 
 
by experts in all parts of the world. (It was no 
 little satisfaction to the State Architect on a 
 tour of inspection to have Superintendents of 
 Institutions in Europe congratulate Illinois on 
 the satisfactory conditions and buildings at 
 such Institutions as Geneva and St. Charles.) 
 
 Special pains were taken to keep the cost of 
 the work, within the amount of the respective 
 appropriation for it, and where these appropria- 
 tions were less than they should. have been for 
 the purpose, reasonably serviceable buildings 
 were so planned and so built as to make needed 
 future additions readily possible. The tax- 
 payers' interests were guarded, by eliminating 
 and avoiding unnecessary ornamentation and 
 extravagant construction in all utilitarian build- 
 ings, and aiming to obtain the largest building 
 area at the lowest cost. 
 
 Through the special efforts of this Administra- 
 tion the State of Illinois now builds its hospitals 
 and similar buildings of fireproof construction, 
 and allows them to be only two stories high, 
 thereby lessening the danger to inmates and 
 buildings from fire to a minimum. It is of 
 interest in this connection to point out that this 
 Administration has appointed a Commission of 
 most eminent experts and specialists to revise 
 and codify the mass of disconnected laws govern- 
 ing building in this State, which will doubtlessly 
 bring about order and assure a better and safer 
 type of buildings throughout the State. 
 
 One of the most far-reaching undertakings of 
 this Administration was in directing the re- 
 habilitation of all of the older buildings and 
 improvements at the Charitable Institutions. 
 Most of our older buildings had been allowed 
 to run down and were in a poor condition. A 
 great change has been wrought in them. Un- 
 sanitary and antiquated plumbing fixtures have 
 been replaced with those of modern make. In 
 a great many instances the heating systems have 
 been remodeled, resulting in greater efficiency 
 at a considerable saving in cost of operation. 
 In many buildings dangerous electric wiring has 
 been replaced with modem equipment less 
 likely to cause disasterous fires. The natural 
 and artificial ventilation h?s been improved in 
 many buildings. In all of them the wood and 
 metal work has been repainted and refinished, 
 thus improving the appearance and assuring a 
 longer life to the materials. Old and unsanitary 
 wooden floors in toilet and bathrooms have been 
 replaced with tile and -marble. Fire-escapes 
 and additional stairways have . been installed, 
 insuring greater safety in buildings that were 
 before extremely dangerous.. A number of ice 
 plants with first-el&js equipment and ample 
 
 81 
 
storage room have been erected at several In- 
 stitutions, insuring greater comfort, less danger 
 of shortage and a saving in supplies. Hydro- 
 therapeutic rooms, equipped with the best 
 modern appliances, have been added in several 
 Institutions with most gratifying results. Such 
 rehabilitations must be apparent to the most 
 casual observer witnessing an achievement which 
 can only be a source of extreme satisfaction to 
 all connected with it, especially considering the 
 difficulties which accompanied its accomplish 
 ment. 
 
 It is of interest to point out that a great part 
 s this work was done by labor of" the patients 
 and wards of the State at a comparatively small 
 expense, besides affording evident pleasure and 
 satisfaction to the workers themselves. 
 
 Of course, a great deal still remains to be 
 done in this direction, and this Administration 
 oroposes to (fully) comolete this all-imDortant 
 work when funds can be made available without 
 over-taking our citizens. 
 
 The Administration has directed that all of the 
 Work of this Z)et/srtiiisiit shall have ths full 
 ^pprovsi of the State Art Ccmmii-ion, mnde up 
 
 * r-t^o'"< ->li~+* 'Tf^lsi.-. '^i*'?!**^'*' *!*>(}* <">H *f 
 
 and will tend to -ivoid, ;r. tl:o future, such un- 
 fortunate conditions as those collected with the 
 Andersonvillo Monument design. 
 
 The appended partial list of work will give an 
 idea of the amount of work the State has under- 
 taken during this Administration; aside from 
 t/his the State Architect is completing plans for 
 a new Penitentiary to take the place of the one 
 now at Joliet, for which two thousand acres of 
 desirable land has been acquired, thus assuring 
 all possible farm, quarrying and other out-door 
 activities. An article in a recent issue of the 
 ''Survey" says, "The novelty of this prison plan 
 in our experience, coupled with the genera^ 
 approval, often enthusiasm, which the wardeni 
 gave to it, made this matter one of the significant 
 iacts of the Conference of the American Prison 
 Association at Omaha." It is necessary and the 
 Administration is desirous to see this important 
 undertaking completed at an early date and is: 
 making every effort to have this Penitentiary 
 when completed, be, as it promises to be, the 
 model Institution of its kind in the world. 
 
 AXDERSOWILLE, GA. Illinois- Andcrsonville 
 
 Monument Commission. 
 Monument Trigg Marble & Granite Co. 
 and Charles J. Mulligan .............. $12,000.00 
 
 AXXA, ILL. Illinois Southern Hospital for 
 
 the Insane. 
 Hospital Building V. Jobst & Sons ....... 45,800.00 
 
Cow Barn R. Z. Gill ;?5,000.(X> 
 
 Anna State Hospital. 
 
 Kitchen and Bakery J. L. Simmons -17,000.00 
 
 Kitchen and Bakery Elevator and Doors, 
 
 (Meeker) Otis Elevator Co 1,509.00 
 
 Amusement Hall Fire Escape F. P. 
 
 Smith Wire & Iron Works 259.00 
 
 BENTON, ILL. Mine Rescue Commission. 
 Mine Rescue Stations Car Houses. . 
 
 Scott-Morledgc Lumber Co 1 0,600.00 
 
 ('AMP LINCOLN, ILL. Rifle Butts, Build 
 Shield, Target House, S i d e wa 1 k s 
 
 Frank Fitzsimmons 1.500,00 
 
 CAMP LOGAN, ILL, Armory Robt H 
 
 Aiken . , 4,700.00 
 
 Two Barracks Buildings Robt H 
 
 Aiken 15,200.00 
 
 One Barracks Bldg. Lke Co. Flat wall 
 
 Builders : 7,900.00 
 
 Protection to Ditch Outlet Sieber & 
 
 Taylor 3,600.00 
 
 Construction of one Barracks Building No. 
 1 Type and one No. 2 Type Lake Co. 
 
 Flat Wall Builders Rifle Abutments. . 13,000.00 
 
 CARBONDALE, ILL, Southern Illinois State 
 Normal School, Model School Building 
 
 Hanson Bros. 48,300,00 
 
 CHARLESTON, ILL. Eastern Illinois State 
 Normal School Dormitory and Gym- 
 nasium. English Bros 92,000.00 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. Illinois Eye & Ear Infirmary, 
 Operating, Service and Ward Build- 
 'ings. 
 
 Warren Construction Co 59,700.0C 
 
 Remodeling Building and installation of 
 
 Elevator J. G. Eagcrtcr 2,100.00 
 
 Iron Stairways Hanke Iron & Wire Wks. . 3,500.06 
 Seventh Regimsnt Infantry I. N. G. 
 Armory and Boiler House J. P. & J. W. 
 
 O'Connor 1,56,000.00 
 
 Illinois Naval Reserve. 
 
 Boat House Henry F. Bushing 9,800.00 
 
 DE KALB. Northern Illinois State iVorina^ 
 
 School. 
 
 School Building W. M. Allen Son & Co . . 75,000.00 
 ELGIN, ILL. Illinois Northern Hospital for 
 
 the Insane. 
 Farm and Woman's Cottages W. H. 
 
 Williams 39,800.00 
 
 Heating System L. H. Prentice Co ...... 20,000.00 
 
 Cold Storage and Ice Plant Misc. Con- 
 tracts and Patient Labor 25,000.00 
 
 Acute Cottage Misc. Contracts and 
 
 Patient Labor 35,000,00 
 
 iJgin State Hospital. 
 
 Laundry Building 
 
 Bakery Building Chas. E. Gicrtz <L 
 
 Tuberculosis Sanitarium Son 47,060.00 
 
 Psychopathic Labora- 
 tory and Morgue 
 
 UDWARDSVILLE, ILL. Edwardsvillc Histori- 
 cal Monument Commission. 
 
 Monument Charles J. Mulligan 4,650.00 
 
 GENEVA, ILL. Illinois State Training School 
 
 for Girls. 
 Rewiring of Administration Building 
 
 Wallace & Kavanaugh 1,850.00 
 
 Two Cottages J. L. Simmons 60,000.00 
 
 Chapel J. L. Simmons 15,000.00 
 
 Power House and Smoke Stack J. L. 
 
 Simmons 25,000.00 
 
 83 
 
Four Cottages 
 
 Cottage Hazleton & Walin 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, ILL. Illinois School for the 
 
 Blind. 
 
 Alterations to Building R. L. Gonsalves. . 
 Jacksonville State Hospital. 
 
 Nurses' Home Joseph De Goveia 
 
 Tile Work in Main Building National 
 
 Mosaic Tile Co 
 
 Addition to -Nurses' Home W. C. Mc- 
 
 Cullough -. 
 
 JAMESTOWN, VA. First Centennial Expo- 
 sition. 
 Illinois State Building Thos. E. Young 
 
 &Co 
 
 KANKAKEE, ILL. Kankakee State Hospital. 
 
 Cottag J. C. Poll 
 
 Hospital Building English Bros 
 
 LA SALLE, ILL. Mine Rescue Commission. 
 Mine Rescue Station and Car House 
 
 Noonan Bros 
 
 LINCOLN, ILL. Lincoln State School and 
 
 Colony. 
 Hospital for Females W. M. Alleij Son & 
 
 Co 
 
 New Terrazzo Floors in Main and Hospital 
 Buildings National Mosaic Tile Co ... 
 Logan County Illinois Asylum for Feeble 
 Minded Children. 
 
 Gymnasium V. Jobst & Sons 
 
 MENARD, ILL. Chester State Hospital. 
 
 Piggery 
 
 METROPOLIS,- ILL. Fort Massac Park Com- 
 mission. 
 
 Pavilion A. J. Gibbons. 
 
 NORMAL, ILL. Illinois State Normal Uni- 
 versity. 
 Training School Building J. L. Simmons.. 
 
 Manual Arts Building 
 
 Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home. 
 
 Coal Shed 
 
 Laundry Building Bloomington Constr. 
 
 Co... 
 
 Alterations and Refurnishings Plumbing 
 
 John O'Neill & Sons 
 
 PEORIA, ILL. (SOUTH BARTONVILLE). 
 
 Peoria State Hospital. 
 Two Hospital Buildings W. M. Allen 
 
 Son & Co. (1907) 
 
 Industrial Building V. Jobst & Sons 
 
 Psychopathic Building V. Jobst & Sons, 
 
 (1909) 
 
 Dining Hall Building V. Jobst & Sons 
 Hospital for Advanced Consumptives 
 
 Earle D. Stout 
 
 Men's Dormitory V. Jobst & Sons 
 
 Sanitary Dairy Barn W. M. Allen Son 
 
 &Co 
 
 QTTINCY, ILL. George Rogers Clark 
 
 Monument Charles J. Mulligan. 
 
 Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. 
 
 Two Cottages V. Jobst & Sons 
 
 Hospital for Women Buerkim & Kempcn 
 ST. CHARLES, ILL. St. Charles School for 
 Boys. 
 
 Three Cottages R. B. Watson Co 
 
 Industrial Building J. L. Simmons 
 
 Root Cellar & Store Hous? J. L.Simmons 
 
 Mill Building J. L. Simmons 
 
 Gymnasium R. B. Watson Co 
 
 Two Cottages R. B. Watson Co 
 
 Artesian Well J- P. Miller A. Well Co. . . . 
 
 84 
 
Hospital J. L. Simmons $19,000.00 
 
 Administration Building Hanson Bros. . . 35,000.00 
 
 Cottage Hanson Bros 20,000.00 
 
 Plumbing, Sewerage System, Heating and 
 Lighting Abramhamson <&; Chrystal, 
 
 (Cottages "B" and "C"). 2,100.00 
 
 Kitchen and Bakery Fitzsimmons-Wheel- 
 
 er Constr. Co 28,291.00 
 
 Laundry Building Wilson Bros 10,040.00 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, ILL. State Board Live Stock 
 Commissioner's. 
 
 Hog Sheds J. F. Duncan 2,690.00 
 
 Veterinary Hospital J. F. Duncan 7,300.00 
 
 Veterinary Barn Edward Houston 5,040.58 
 
 Illinois State Board of Agriculture. 
 
 Sheep and Swine Pavfions J. F. Duncan 123,680.00 
 Supreme Court Building and Finishing 
 
 V. Jobst & Sons 381,000.00 
 
 Remodeling Heating System of Supreme 
 Court Building Illinois Plumbing & 
 
 Heating Company 2,356.00 
 
 State Capitol Building Alterations and 
 Refurnishings 
 Plumbing The Patterson- 
 Stewart Company. ... $5, 1 54.50 
 Sheet Metal and Copper 
 Work Sykes Steel 
 
 Roofing Company 48,847.00 
 
 Smoke Consumers and 
 Boiler Repairs Jas. 
 
 McMillan & Co 1,519.00 
 
 Steam Heating Appara- 
 tusJohn O'Neill & 
 
 Son 28,013.00 
 
 Pointing and Stone Re- 
 pairs Cu!ver Con- 
 struction Co 14,593.96 
 
 98,127.46 
 Mine Rescue Commission Mine Rescue 
 
 Station Scott-Morledge Lumber Co . 9,600.00 
 
 Car House J. F. Duncan 2,000.00 
 
 URBANA, ILL. University of Illinois. 
 
 Physics Building V. Jobst & Sons 181,000.00 
 
 Addition to Natural History V. Jobst & 
 
 Sons 123,000.00 
 
 Addition to Museum V. Jobst & Sons. . . 24,000.00 
 
 Lincoln Hall English Bros 204,000.00 
 
 Ceramics and Power House. 
 
 School of Commerce A. W. Stoolman. . . 93,880.00 
 
 Addition to Woman's Building English 
 
 Bros 83,936.00 
 
 Ceramics and Mining Laboratorv Bldg. 
 
 A. W. Stoolman ' 22,019.00 
 
 Transportation Building V. Jobst & Sons. 106,150.00 
 Armory 
 
 Structural Steel & Iron 
 Morava Construction 
 
 Co $59,500.00 
 
 Architectural Work N.H. 
 
 Shields 33,967.00 
 
 93,467.00 
 WATERTOWN, ILL. Illinois Western Hospital 
 
 for the Insane. 
 Hospital Building Warren Construction 
 
 Co 83,000.00 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS Repairs and Improvements 
 at different Institutions. 
 
WORK ABOUT TO BE CONTRACTED FOR. 
 
 ANNA, ILL. Anna State Hospital. 
 
 Infirmary for Women $ ,50,000.00 
 
 Pumping Station 135,000.00 
 
 AURORA, ILL. Headquarters Company "D" 
 
 and Company "I" 3rd Infantry 35,000.00 
 
 CARBOND ALE, ILL. Illinois Southern Nor- 
 mal University. 
 
 W'oman's Dormitory and Furnishings. . 75,000.00 
 CHARLESTON, ILL. Eastern Illinois State 
 
 Normal School. 
 
 Building for Model School and Manual- 
 Arts .5,000.01' 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. Second Infantry, 
 
 Armory 200,000.00 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. Eighth Infantry. 
 
 Armory 100,000.00 
 
 DUNNING, ILL. Chicago State Hospital. 
 New Building and Wrecking old Alms- 
 house and Tubercular Building 110,000.00 
 
 ELGIN, ILL. Elgin State Hospital. 
 
 Alterations and Additions to Plumbing. . . 15,000.00 
 EQUALITY, ILL. General Michael Kelly 
 
 Lawler Monument 5,000-OC 
 
 GENEVA, ILL. State Training School for 
 Girls. 
 
 Two Cottages. 75,000.00 
 
 JOUET, ILL. Illinois State Penitentiary and 
 New Illinois Asylum for Insane Crizni- 
 nals. 
 
 KANKAKEE, ILL. Kankakee State Hospital. 
 Warehouse for Tools and MicLi^ic:/ Sup- 
 plies 5,OOO.OC 
 
 Convcrtins Cottage Na 5 into a Xu-'-c:.' 
 
 Home 2o,OOO.OC 
 
 .\i.A'^sAW, GA. Kenesiw Mountain Iv 
 
 rial Association. 
 Monument 
 .VlACOMB, ILL. Wosx/erL. iiiiiioie State .Wr- 
 
 mal School. 
 Woman's Building 7o,OOuGu 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 MENARD, ILL. Chester State Hospital. 
 
 Cow Barn. 
 The Southern Illinois Penitentiary. 
 
 Dairy Barn. 
 PEORIA, ILL. Peoria State Hospital. 
 
 Men's Farm Colony ,$30,000.00 
 
 ^UINCY, ILL. Illinois Soldier^' *& Sailors' 
 
 Home. 
 
 ITew Dormitory for Hospital Attendants . . 7,000.00 
 
 Company "F" 5th Infantry Company 
 "I 8th Infantry and the Illinois Nava* 
 
 Reserve 45,000.00 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, ILL. State Board of Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 Horse Barns State Fair Grounds 75,000.00 
 
 Toilet Rooms State Fair Grounds 15,000.00 
 
 Biological Laboratory 20,000.00 
 
 Educational Building 
 
 State Capitol Building Repairs to roof 
 
 and Dome 30,000.00 
 
 ST. CHARLES, ILL. St. Charles School for 
 Boys. 
 
 Remodeling Farm Houses 12,000.00 
 
 Two new Farm Cottages and Furnishings. 27,300.00 
 URBANA, ILL. University of Illinois. 
 Animal Husbandry Building 80,000.00 
 
 86 
 
Locomotive Laboratory . } 
 
 Floriculture Building [ $30,000.00 
 
 Horticulture Building. . . . J 
 WATERTOWN, -ILL. Watertown State Hos- 
 pital. 
 Rebuilding Assembly Hall. 25,000.00 
 
 Men's Infirmary Building 50,000.00 
 
 WILMINGTON, ILL. Illinois Soldiers' \\ i- 
 dows' Home. 
 
 Hospital Building 20,000.00 
 
 WOODSTOCK, ILL. Company "G" 3rd In- 
 fantry 15,000.00 
 
 CHAPTER XVHL 
 
 The State University and Agricultural 
 Experiment Station* 
 
 The University of Illinois has aofltintied in the 
 past four years the great progress that has 
 marked its earner during Governor Deneen's 
 first administration. It has become more serv- 
 iceable to the State government and to the peo- 
 ple at large as the scientific agent of the State, in 
 addition to exDanding its facilities for teaching 
 and attracting a large number of students, Th6 
 institution is now recognized as among the fore- 
 most in the world in many respects. 
 
 The great work of the A^ri cultural Experiment 
 Station. hf continued on on enlarged and better 
 scale and is more widely appreciated by the for- 
 ::^':L of the state than eve:- before. The soil 
 survey, which has- been conducted for some years, 
 Is now beginning to show results in the publica- 
 tion of the maps of the region surveyed that will 
 be el' iaeaurnabie help to the farmers in cultiva- 
 tion. 
 
 The Engineering Experiment Station, too, has 
 been making itself indispensable to the industries, 
 of the State. 
 
 The Graduate School has expanded, and its, 
 work has led to a recognition everywhere of the 
 new status of the University. A hundred or more 
 young men and women go out with a Graduate 
 School diploma every year to uplift the teaching 
 sf the state and to promote scientific research in 
 aid 01 industry and agriculture in every direction. 
 
 The- policy oi! the administration has continued 
 oo be to make the ir.v^aUon so complete in its 
 organization and equipment that no citizen of 
 Illinois need send his children to any other state 
 or country for their higher education. The follow- 
 ing itemized statement gives in- greater detail 
 ,he main points of development for the eight 
 years: 
 
 1. New buildings erected and for which ap- 
 propriations have been made between 1904 and 
 date, not including buildings erected in 1904-6 
 icr which appropriations were made by the pre- 
 ceding Legislature: 
 
 37 
 
Ceramics kiln -. $ 2,000 1906 
 
 Auditorium 100,000 1907 
 
 Farm mechanics' building 33,000 1906 
 
 Green houses (Hort.) .' . 12,500 1908 
 
 Natural history building 150,000 1909 
 
 Physics building , 250,000 1909 
 
 Boiler house -..-. . 75,000 1911 
 
 Museum , 30,000 1910 
 
 Ceramics building 12,000 1910 
 
 Lincoln hall 250,000 1911 
 
 Armory "100,000 
 
 Engineering building and ground 200,000 
 
 School of Commerce building 125,000 
 
 Addition to Woman's building 125,000 - 
 
 For kiln house for ceramics. 21,000 
 
 Agricultural buildings ; . . 153,000 
 
 $724,000 
 
 2. New departments organized or established : 
 Engineering Experiment Station Though es- 
 tablished literally in the year 1903, its organiza- 
 tion and work lies in the period 1904-1910. 
 
 Department of Ceramics^Just entered a new 
 building in a condition to do better work than 
 ever before. 
 
 Mine Rescue Station. 
 
 School of Railway Engineering. 
 
 Department of Mining Engineering. 
 
 Reorganized Graduate School; School of Edu- 
 cation; Extension work in College of Agriculture. 
 
 3. Increase in student body: . 
 
 TOTAL REGISTRATION. 
 
 1904-05 3,729 
 
 1905-06 4,074 
 
 1906-07 4,316 
 
 1907-08 4,743 
 
 1908-09 4,977 
 
 1909-10 5,118 
 
 1910-11 5,207 
 
 1911-12 (estimated) 5,300 
 
 These figures include the registration in the 
 College of Medicine and the School of Pharmacy. 
 
 4. After consideration through two legisla- 
 tures, a bill enabling the University to establish 
 a miners' and machinists' institute under the 
 charge of the University Trustees was passed 
 last winter. 
 
 5. Registration in the College of Agriculture 
 is double what it was six years ago. 
 
 The two weeks' session known as the Corn 
 Growers' and Stockmen's Convention has in- 
 creased from between 200 and 300 to about 
 1,000, about 100 boys each year coming on 
 scholarships won at judging contests. 
 
 Addresses given at farmers' institutes and other 
 farmers' meetings during the winter, about 600. 
 
 Number of people visiting the University 
 primarily because of agriculture, about 10,000 in 
 the year closing last July. 
 
 Thirty-eight counties ran special excursion 
 parties. 
 
 88 
 
GROWTH AND FUNDS OF COLLEGE AND STATION, 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 u 
 
 3 
 
 fc ju 
 
 D O 
 
 3-J| 
 
 3 ^3 
 
 fl 
 
 ** 
 
 026 
 
 Appropriatil 
 Station 
 
 || $ 
 
 "c ^ "c 
 
 wl.'S m ^-C 
 
 2 CJJ 03 Q3 03 ^ 
 
 02$ OO Ox 
 
 90-91 
 
 $ 5,000 $15,000 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 91-92 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 92-93 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 93-94 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 94-95 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 95-96 
 
 7,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 
 96-97 
 
 7,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 97-98 
 
 7,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 98-99 
 
 7,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 99-00 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 00-01 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 
 
 159 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 01-02 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 $ 8,000 
 
 $ 54,000 
 
 232 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 02-03 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 54,000 
 
 284 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 03-04 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 61,000 
 
 85,000 
 
 339 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 04-05 
 
 28,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 61,000 
 
 85,000 
 
 406 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 05-06 
 
 28,500 
 
 20,000 
 
 61,000 
 
 95,000 
 
 430 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 06-07 
 
 28,500 
 
 22,000 
 
 61,000 
 
 95,000 
 
 462 
 
 43 
 
 10 
 
 07-08 
 
 31,000 
 
 24,000 
 
 71,000 
 
 102,500 
 
 528 
 
 38 
 
 17 
 
 08-09 
 
 33,500 
 
 26,000 
 
 71,000 
 
 102,500 
 
 531 
 
 54 
 
 15 
 
 09-10 
 
 36,000 
 
 28,000 
 
 55,000 
 
 138,000 
 
 660 
 
 49 
 
 23 
 
 10-11 
 
 38,500 
 
 30,000 
 
 55,000 
 
 138,000 
 
 662 
 
 51 
 
 31 
 
 11-12 
 
 40,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 310,000 
 
 168,000 
 
 829 
 
 69 
 
 ? 
 
 12-13 
 
 40,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 310,000 
 
 168,000 
 
 
 
 x 
 
 CHAPTER XIX. 
 Educational System Reorganized. 
 
 Another department of the State work which 
 has undergone radical changes during the past 
 seven years is that of education. Prior to 1909, 
 the laws governing the administration of our 
 public school system were in a state of great 
 confusion owing to the passage of many special 
 charters, supplemental acts and additional acts. 
 At that time the Illinois school law comprised 
 301 sections, 37 special charters, 8 supplemental 
 acts and 28 additional acts, and had been con- 
 structed by more than four hundred decisions 
 of our Supreme Court. 
 
 In 1907, an educational commission was 
 created to revise and codify these laws. In 1909 
 this commission made a report containing a 
 complete codification of our school laws, which 
 was enacted at the succeeding session of the 
 General Assembly. This codification has not 
 only reduced the mass of school laws in point 
 of volume, but has given to it symmetry and 
 order and made its revision and improvement 
 much more easy of attainment. 
 
 The report of the commission also contained 
 many recommendations for the improvement of 
 our educational system. Among the important 
 recommendations made was that of the intro- 
 
 89 
 
duction of vocational training in normal schools, 
 high schools and country schools where, it is 
 suggested by the report, courses adapted to the 
 conditions in such schools should be introduced 
 in agriculture, manual training and domestic 
 science. 
 
 To make these improvements available in our 
 school system it was manifest that an increase 
 of the appropriation made by the State for the 
 support of our common schools would be neces- 
 sary. Accordingly, an increase of the appropria- 
 tions made for this purpose was recommended 
 and at the last session of the General Assembly 
 was provided. Since 1872, the State appropria- 
 tion for the support of the public schools has 
 been one million dollars per year. At the last 
 session of the General Assembly this was doubled 
 and hereafter two million dollars per year will bo 
 provided for the support of our public school 
 system from State taxation. 
 
 Nor have the common schools alone been con- 
 sidered in the improvement of our educational 
 system. Liberal provisions have been made for 
 the erection of new buildings for the accommoda- 
 tion of our normal schools and our State Uni- 
 versity. Since 1905 $800,000 has been expended 
 for this purpose at the various State normals, 
 and $1,390,000 for the same purpose at the State 
 University. 
 
 Similar liberal provision has been made for 
 the support and maintenance of the State Uni- 
 versity. The total appropriations for this purpose 
 for the first two years of Governor Deneen's 
 first administration were approximately $1,600,- 
 000, whilst for the last two years they were 
 $3,400,000; more than twice as much. Besides 
 this, there was also passed at the last session 
 of the General Assembly an act providing for 
 the levy of a one mill tax upon each one 
 dollar of assessed property valuation for the 
 maintenance of the University. This will pro- 
 vide an additional income of more than $2,000,- 
 000 per year and maintain our University in the 
 position which it now occupies as one of the first 
 class educational institutions of- the world. 
 
 The maintenance of our public schools upon a 
 high plane of efficiency is recognized by all 
 citizens .as a matter of first importance. The 
 work of the public schools is constantly growing 
 in magnitude. The school census for 1910 
 showed 2,239,220 persons under 21 years of age 
 and 1,543,621 persons between the ages of 6 and 
 21. The Illinois school system now requires 
 the services of 45,000 officials and a total ex- 
 penditure of $35,259,197.47, of which $17,287.- 
 720.94 is paid to teachers. 
 
 on 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 National Guard and Naval Reserve. 
 
 Under the present Administration our military 
 and naval establishment has so progressed that it 
 now conforms to the standard of organization 
 and equipment of the regular army. Advance- 
 ment has been made in the proper and more 
 adequate housing of stores and organizations. 
 To this end various sums have, during this Ad- 
 ministration, been appropriated. The last ses- 
 sion of the General Assembly, alone, appropriated 
 for the 2nd Infantry, Chicago, $200,000; for 
 the 5th Infantry, Company I, 8th Infantry, 
 Illinois Naval Reserve, Quincy, $45,000; for 
 headquarters, Company D and Company I, 3rd 
 Infantry, Aurora, $35,000; for Company G, 3rd 
 Infantry, Woodstock, $15,000; for the 8th 
 Infantry, Chicago, $100,000. In addition, the 
 ordinary and contingent expenses have been 
 much better provided for than ever before. 
 
 Governor Deneen was the first governor to 
 place troops of the State service in the same camp 
 with those of the regular army and send State 
 troops to joint maneuver camps with those of the 
 National Government. This has effectually raised 
 the standard of efficiency in the National Guard, 
 whilst the participation of the Naval Reserve in 
 the joint maneuvers on the Great Lakes has 
 proved of great benefit in their training. 
 
 By reason of the progress made, the soldiery 
 of Illinois is now so completely equipped and 
 efficiently drilled that at a moment's notice any 
 or all could take the field fully prepared for any 
 emergency that might confront them. 
 
 The promptness with which the National Guard 
 has met certain emergencies during Governor 
 Deneen's administration is a proof of its present 
 efficiency, excellent training and thorough or- 
 ganization. 
 
 CHAPTER XXI. 
 Agriculture. 
 
 During the eight years of Governor Deneen's 
 administration the agriculture affairs of the State 
 have received large attention, and its interests 
 have been promoted in various ways. The Agri- 
 culture College and Experiment Station of the 
 University of Illinois have undergone a phe- 
 nomenal development. The impulses that lay 
 back of this development have come from the 
 people in the way of demands for more and 
 better instruction to students and of more exten- 
 sive investigation along agriculture lines. The 
 policy of the administration has been to provide 
 the funds which would enable +he College and 
 
 91 
 
Station to respond to these demands and the 
 funds for instructional purposes as well as those 
 for research have been notably increased. The 
 combined faculty of the College and Station has 
 been increased from 37 to 101, the number of 
 students registered from 406 under-graduates, 
 with no graduate students, to a total of 825 
 under-graduates and 17 graduate students. 
 
 The sessions of the Corn Growers' and Stock- 
 men's Convention, which meets at the State 
 University have increased from about 200 to 1,000, 
 about 100 boys each year being admitted to the 
 College on scholarships won at the corn and 
 stock judging contests. 
 
 The benefit of the work done at the Agriculture 
 Experiment Station and the College of Agriculture 
 has been extended through the farmers' insti- 
 tutes and other meetings, at which about 600 
 addresses were delivered last winter by college 
 men. 
 
 At the last session of the General Assembly, 
 also special provisions were made for the publi- 
 cation of soil maps and other accumulated data 
 of the Agriculture Experiment Station, and 
 $19,000 was appropriated for additional live 
 stock specimens. A considerable addition to the 
 building plant of the institution was also pro- 
 vided for, notably $80,000 for a live stock build- 
 ing and additional amounts for a dairy investi- 
 gation barn and glass houses for agronomy, 
 floriculture and horticulture. 
 
 It has not been possible to secure all the funds 
 needed to discharge the full duties that have been 
 laid upon the College of Agriculture and Agri- 
 cultural Experiment Station, but the policy of 
 the Governor has been to provide, so far as 
 within his power, the means to discharge these 
 obligations, because he has recognized that 
 public funds spent in this direction are invest- 
 ments rather than expenditures. As a result, 
 the Agricultural College and Experiment Station 
 of the University of Illinois are second to none 
 in -the extent and high character of the work per- 
 formed. Ninety -five per cent of the graduates 
 of the college are engaged hi agricultural practice, 
 research or education and fifty-five per cent 
 actually on farms. Of those who do not gradu- 
 ate, practically every man is engaged in actual 
 farming. 
 
 Experience has shown that the College serves 
 a wider constituency than students coming from 
 the farm, for about two-fifths of the students 
 now registered in the College come from cities 
 of 5,000 or more. Eighty-one are from the City 
 of Chicago alone. 
 
 The work of the Experiment Station is charac- 
 terized by the most careful study of Illinois 
 
 92 
 
conditions as they surround the practical farmer. 
 This is entirely consistent with the purpose both 
 of the College and Station, which is to develop 
 the agriculture of the State not to minister to 
 favored individuals or special interests. They 
 are both public-service institutions of the most 
 distinctive character, serving all classes of people 
 so far as food production is concerned, both 
 present and prospective. 
 
 The same favorable comment may be made as 
 to the appropriation in aid of the State fair during 
 the present Administration, covering such items 
 as the appropriation made in 1905 for a new 
 cattle barn, $25,000; speed barns, $6,000; the 
 appropriation for a dining hall made in 1907, 
 $15,000; and the appropriations made in 1911 
 for a sheep and swine pavilion, $125,000, horse 
 barn, $75,000, toilet rooms, $15,000. 
 
 Up to six years ago appropriations for county 
 fairs were limited to $200 each. Two years ago 
 the General Assembly made an appropriation 
 of $50,000 and provided appropriations for the 
 county fairs amounting to 40 per cent of all 
 premiums paid by them except those on speed 
 contests. At the last session this was increased 
 to $60,000 and the maximum for any county fair 
 was made $2,500. 
 
 Another work began during Governor Deneen's 
 administration for the special benefit of agri- 
 culture was the manufacture at the Southern 
 penitentiary of lime stone dust for acid soils, of 
 which our State has about 6,000,000 acres in 
 twenty-three counties in southern Illinois. The 
 first mill for the manufacture of this material was 
 installed in 1906 and so great has been the demand 
 that in 1909 a second mill was installed with three 
 times the capacity of the first. The production 
 is still inadequate, however, to fill the demand. 
 In his last message, Governor Deneen recom- 
 mended an appropriation to enlarge the mill 
 capacity and the General Assembly passed an 
 appropriation of $20,000. 
 
 A detailed statement of the production of lime- 
 stone dust at the Southern Illinois Penitentiary 
 will be found in the next chapter on "State 
 Penal Institutions." 
 
 Recognizing the fact that the fertility of the 
 soil is the basis of success in every form of agri- 
 culture, and that agriculture is the basis of all 
 industry, Governor Deneen has steadily encour- 
 aged the investigation of Illinois soils, with the 
 result that increased appropriations have been 
 made for this purpose; and farmers and land- 
 owners are now being furnished the information 
 needed for the adoption of permanent systems 
 of soil improvement in the different sections of 
 the State. The results have already created 
 
 96 
 
widespread interest, and thousands of Illinois 
 farmers are beginning to utilize with advantage 
 and profit the definite information that is being 
 secured in the soil survey and field experiments 
 now in progress. 
 
 Among the many public officials who have 
 done what they could do to further the interests 
 of agriculture, Governor Deneen has always been 
 a leader. 
 
 CHAPTER XXII. 
 State Penal Institutions. 
 
 Many changes have been effected in the 
 management of the State penal institutions and 
 in the employment of prisoners during Gover- 
 nor Deneen's administration. Stone crushers 
 have been installed in the State penitentiaries at 
 Joliet and Chester for the manufacture of road 
 material to be furnished free to the State High- 
 way Commission for distribution upon applica- 
 tion by the local road authorities. 
 
 Since the installation of this industry 764,227 
 cubic yards of this product, with a market value 
 of $486,747.55, have been produced and furnished 
 to the State Highway Commission, Charitable 
 Institutions and Penal Institutions. 
 
 In addition, there have been established at the 
 Southern Illinois Penitentiary mills for the manu- 
 facture of limestone dust for fertilizing purposes. 
 Professor Cyril G. Hopkins of the University of 
 Illinois pointed out the value of the application of 
 this product to certain acid soils of which there 
 are six million acres in 23 counties in the southern 
 part of the State. The fertility of these soils is 
 greatly diminished by their acidity, which is cured 
 by the application of the limestone dust. 
 
 The first limestone dust mill was installed in 
 1906, and so great was the demand for the product 
 that another mill was installed later of three 
 times the capacity of the first. The following 
 table shows the amount of limestone dust shipped 
 to farmers since the mills began operations: 
 
 Ton*. 
 
 1906 325 
 
 1907 1,477 
 
 1908 2,461 
 
 1909 4,926 
 
 1910 : . 14,283 
 
 1911 ! 19,795 
 
 1912 6,669 
 
 Total 49,935 
 
 The Agriculture Experiment Station has esti- 
 mated that the demand for 1912 would require 
 the installation of machinery with an annual 
 capacity of 100,000 tons. Governor Deneen's 
 biennial message of 1911 recommended an appro- 
 
 94 
 
priation for this purpose, and at the following 
 session an appropriation of $20,000 was made by 
 the General Assembly. It may be stated that 
 the material is furnished to farmers at the cost of 
 distribution. 
 
 Clothing for the inmates of the State charitable 
 institutions and for the National Guard is manu- 
 factured at the Southern Illinois Penitentiary. 
 The following table will indicate the scope of the 
 work : 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1906 $ 38,155.91 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1907 82,246.66 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1908 61,293.36 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1909 98,408.74 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1910 147,603.94 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1911 93,641 .95 
 
 Charitable institutions, 1912 42,486.24 
 
 Total $563,837.80 
 
 National Guard, 1907 $ 16,715.20 
 
 National Guard, 1908 7,546 .00 
 
 National Guard, 1909 61,293 .36 
 
 National Guard, 1910 2,265.30 
 
 National Guard, 1911 691 .30 
 
 National Guard, 1912 4,744.75 
 
 Total $ 91,255.91 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total amount clothing for state in- 
 stitutions, 1906 to June 30, 1912, 
 inclusive. $563,837.80 
 
 Total amount clothing for National 
 Guard from 1907 to June 30, 
 1912, inclusive 91,255.91 
 
 Total. $655,093.71 
 
 At the State Reformatory, manual training 
 schools have been established, consisting of 
 foundry, work shop, forge shop, machine shop, 
 woodworking shop, together with clay modeling, 
 raffia work, sloyd work, mat weaving, rush fibre 
 furniture, etc. 
 
 The instructors in these are mechanics, and men 
 of excellent character. The manual training 
 schools and the trade schools at this institution 
 furnish to inmates abundance of healthful work 
 and at the same time fit them for the following 
 of a useful occupation after they leave the 
 Reformatory. 
 
 An extensive printing plant has been estab- 
 lished, in which the greater part of the printing 
 for other State institutions is done. 
 
 The Reformatory school for the teaching of the 
 common school branches of education has also 
 been much improved under the present Adminis- 
 tration by the employment of high grade teachers. 
 Eleven teachers are at present employed, all of 
 whom, with one exception, have had either nor- 
 mal school or college training. 
 
 95 
 
CHAPTER XXII I. 
 State Highway Commission. 
 
 During Governor Deneen's administration, the 
 State Highway Commission, created in 1905, has 
 done excellent work, both in road and bridge 
 construction and in awakening interest through- 
 out the State in the subject of highway im- 
 provement. The powers of the commission are 
 advisory. It gives aid and counsel to local road 
 authorities in their road and bridge construction 
 work. 
 
 Much of its work in arousing public interest in 
 this subject has been done at meetings of Farm- 
 ers' Institutes, which are largely attended and 
 held in every county. In 1906, 48 of these meet- 
 ings were attended by the State High way Engineer 
 or representatives of the commission; in 1907, 
 111; in 1908, 117; in 1909, 111; 1910, 127; 1911, 
 127; 1912, to July 1st, 80. 
 
 It is through this commission that the crushed 
 stone for road material which is now manu- 
 factured at the State penitentiaries is distributed, 
 and its use in road construction supervised. The 
 following table shows the quantities of crushed 
 stone distributed since the commission began 
 this work: 
 
 Cubic 
 
 yds. of 
 
 Counties. Townships, stone. 
 
 1906 17 22 39,905 
 
 1907 33 56 96,595 
 
 1908 29 52 120,240 
 
 1909 37 67 136,788 
 
 1910 48 72 103,309 
 
 1911 46 68 152,165 
 
 1912, to July 1st -. 30 51 60,362 
 
 Total 710,264 
 
 Three hundred and seventy miles of road have 
 been improved by local road authorities with this 
 material under the supervision of the commission, 
 which has also constructed 101^ miles of ex- 
 perimental roads in different parts of the State 
 as models for this class of work. The following 
 table gives the work on 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL ROADS. 
 
 Year. Miles of road. 
 
 1906 4 
 
 1907 12K 
 
 1908 13 
 
 1909.... 22 
 
 1910 28 
 
 1911 22 
 
 1912, to July 1st '. . . : 18 
 
 Total 119H 
 
 In addition, the State Highway Commission 
 makes inspections upon application of local road 
 
 96 
 
authorities of bridge sites, designs and draws 
 plans for their construction and supervises the 
 work. The commission has encouraged the use 
 of concrete for bridge building purposes, reducing 
 to the tax payers the cost of bridge maintenance 
 which, in this class of bridges, amounts to almost 
 nothing. 
 
 BRIDGE WORK OF THE COMMISSION. 
 
 in 
 Year 
 1906 
 
 No. of 
 bridge No. of 
 spections bridge 
 made, plans made. 
 26 15 
 156 113 
 198 149 
 135 122 
 231 203 
 300 241 
 203 108 
 
 1232 951 
 
 Bridges Built- 
 Concrete. Steel 
 2 
 32 7 
 46 17 
 57 20 
 91 17 
 132 26 
 12 1 
 
 372 88 
 
 1907 
 
 1 908 
 
 1909 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 . . 
 
 1912, to July 1st 
 Total. . 
 
 Concrete. Steel. 
 Bridges under construction, not completed 
 
 July 1, 1912 83 9 
 
 Including bridges under construction, the actual num- 
 ber of bridges constructed is 552. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIV. 
 State Board of Health. 
 
 The progress in the work of the State Board 
 of Health, which was so marked in the first ad- 
 ministration of Governor Deneen, has been con- 
 tinued during the past four years. 
 
 That the State Board of Health, which Gov- 
 ernor Deneen has aptly styled "The Medical De- 
 partment of the State Government," with a 
 membership of seven physicians and one secre- 
 tary, now performs duties which in other states 
 are placed, by law, in the hands of two, three 
 and, in some instances, four separate boards of 
 from five to nine members, with a secretary to 
 e'ach, is a fact not appreciated by the average 
 citizen. 
 
 Many of these duties are necessitated by laws 
 passed during the administration of Governor 
 Deneen, all of which were framed with the same 
 general aim and purpose the protection of the 
 lives and health of the people. 
 
 At the present time, the powers and duties of 
 the board extend over the following broad and 
 widely diverging fields: 
 
 I. The protection of the public health; the 
 supervision of sanitation and sewage disposal; 
 the investigation of water supplies; investigation 
 as to the causes of contagious and infectious dis- 
 eases and the suppression of epidemics; the fram- 
 ing of rules and regulations for the protection of 
 the public health and the enforcement of such; 
 
the establishment and maintenance of quaran- 
 tine; the control of epidemics in cities, villages 
 and townships when local authorities fail to take 
 proper steps; the maintenance of laboratories for 
 the diagnosis of diseases and the free distribution 
 of diphtheria antitoxin. 
 
 II. The supervision of the cubic air space and 
 certain general sanitary conditions in lodging 
 houses, taverns, inns and hotels in cities of 
 100,000 population or over. 
 
 III. The maintenance of a department of 
 vital statistics, for the registration of births and 
 deaths occurring within the State and for the 
 compilation of statistical data essential to the 
 proper and intelligent supervision of the public 
 health. 
 
 IV. The supervision of the transportation of 
 dead bodies and the examining and licensing of 
 embalmers. 
 
 V. The enforcement of the act regulating the 
 practice of medicine; the examining and licens- 
 ing of physicians, midwives and "other prac- 
 titioners" (osteopaths and other drugless-healers) ; 
 the licensing of physicians through reciprocity 
 with the examining and licensing boards of other 
 states; the investigation of the standards of 
 literary and scientific schools and colleges and of 
 medical colleges; the enforcement of standards 
 of preliminary education in medical colleges and 
 the prosecution of unqualified practitioners. 
 
 The Laboratory of the State Board of Health, 
 created in 1907 and maintained for the early 
 diagnosis of communicable diseases, offers serv- 
 ice, without cost to the people of the State, and 
 affords early and accurate diagnosis in cases of 
 diphtheria, typhoid, tuberculosis, and other con- 
 tagious or infectious diseases. 
 
 The free distribution of diphtheria antitoxin, 
 which was authorized by the General Assembly 
 upon the recommendation of Governor Deneen, 
 has unquestionably saved the lives of many 
 thousand children. Illinois is the only State in 
 the Union in which antitoxin is furnished free of 
 charge to all classes of people, rich and poor 
 alike, in a form ready for use. 
 
 CHAPTER XXV. 
 Live Stock Commission. 
 
 Great advancement has been made during 
 Governor Deneen's administration both in the 
 efficiency and extent of the work of the Live Stock 
 Commission. A comparison of the records of 
 the department for the last twelve months with 
 that for the preceding twelve months discloses an 
 increase of over fifty per cent in the number of 
 
 98 
 
cases inspected with a remarkable decrease in 
 the cost of inspection. 
 
 This improvement in the work of the Commis- 
 sion has resulted largely from the adoption of 
 improved methods of administration and extends 
 to the offices in Peoria, East St. Louis and Chicago, 
 established to enforce the meat inspection laws 
 of the State. 
 
 The present board on assuming control of the 
 affairs of this department found that the State 
 of Illinois had lost caste with the live stock author- 
 ities of other state and foreign countries. To 
 so great an extent had the work of the department 
 deteriorated that its official certificates were 
 discredited. The situation demanded radical 
 action and a new corps of Assistant State Veteri- 
 narians was appointed. At the present time 
 in the service rendered by its State Veterinarian 
 and his corps of assistants, Illinois stands second 
 to none. 
 
 The commission has acquired forty acres of 
 land one and a half miles north of the State Fair ' 
 Grounds on which has been constructed a veteri- 
 nary barn and Biological Laboratory represent- 
 ing an expenditure of $30,000.00 which is under 
 the control of Dr. A. T. Peters, late of the Uni- 
 versity of Nebraska, an expert of National repu- 
 tation in the matter of diseases of domestic 
 animals. 
 
 At the Laboratory is manufactured hog cholera 
 serum for the prevention of hog cholera, the same 
 being distributed free to farmers of this State. 
 
 This has more than doubled the work of the 
 commission and it is the intention to increase 
 still further the output of hog cholera serum and 
 manufacture other antitoxins for use among 
 farm animals. 
 
 Within the last year over 150,000 hogs have 
 been treated with serum from this Laboratory 
 and over ninety per cent saved to farmers. 
 
 The commission is also devoted to the other 
 live stock interests of the State, and at all times 
 stands ready and willing to aid the industry with 
 all the powers at its command, by bulletins, 
 independent lectures and lectures at farmers' in- 
 stitutes. 
 
 The work of this commission is performed in 
 an earnest and conscientious manner. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVI. 
 Pure Food Department. 
 
 The Pure Food Department was created in 
 1899. The State laws prior to this time were 
 very crude and indefinite, and consisted of some 
 27 different enactments each pertaining to dif- 
 ferent foods, but they did not cover all the food 
 
 99 
 
products of the State. Moreover, prior to that 
 time no efficient method was provided for the 
 vigorous and uniform enforcement of the pro- 
 visions of the law through one department. 
 
 The law of 1899 did not purport to cover the 
 entire field of pure food legislation. It con- 
 tained no provisions prohibiting the misbrand- 
 ing of foodstuffs, nor were there any provisions 
 for the making of standards nor the condemna- 
 tion and seizure of misbranded or falsely labeled 
 goods, or foods that were insanitary, unwhole- 
 some and injurious to health. 
 
 In Governor Deneen's message to the General 
 Assembly in 1907, he called attention to the con- 
 dition of the department and recommended an 
 entire revision and amplification of the pure 
 food laws into one complete code, modeled after 
 the National food law that had just gone into 
 effect. He also recommended a more adequate 
 appropriation for carrying on the work of the 
 department, as well as a larger number of in- 
 spectors and chemists. He called attention to 
 the fact that the states of New York, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Ohio and many others had been much 
 more liberal with their food departments 'than 
 our state had been with our food department. 
 
 Accordingly, the General Assembly passed a 
 general Act, revising the food laws and crystal- 
 lizing them into one code. The revised Act 
 also created a Standards Commission for making 
 standards for the different food products. More 
 adequate appropriations were secured for carry- 
 ing on the work of the department, the number 
 of chemists and inspectors was increased and an 
 attorney, chief clerk, and office force provided. 
 These changes placed the department more on 
 a level with the food departments of the other 
 states of the Union. 
 
 In 1909 and 1911, the food law of 1907 was 
 amended and so revised as to conform more 
 closely to the National food law passed in 1906. 
 Since the passage of our food laws of 1907, and 
 their amendment in 1909 and 1911, the rulings 
 and standards made thereunder have been made 
 in conformity with those made by the national 
 food officials. Illinois was one of the first states 
 in the Union to revise and model it's food laws 
 after the National food law and in conformity 
 therewith. All these things have resulted in a 
 most complete cooperation, not only with the Na- 
 tional food officials, but also with the food offi- 
 cials of every other state in the Union, and as the 
 other states have also had their laws revised and 
 remodeled after the National food law, the manu- 
 facturers and packers of foods are thus enabled 
 to have one set of rulings, labels and standards 
 for all the various food products, which affords 
 
 100 
 
far greater protection to the consumer than ever 
 before. 
 
 Since this revision of our food laws in 1907, 
 which provides for the seizure, condemnation and 
 destruction of illegal foods, many seizures have 
 been made of foods that were misbranded, adul- 
 terated or contained poisonous substances ren- 
 dering them unfit for human consumption; and 
 these foods have been condemned and destroyed. 
 
 In accordance with Governor Deneen's recom- 
 mendation, the General Assembly in 1911 passed 
 a Sanitary Food Law, preventing the manufac- 
 ture, packing, storing or distributing of foods 
 under insanitary, unhealthful, or unclean condi- 
 tions or surroundings. By this Act the people 
 of the State have been protected from purchasing 
 food that was filthy or that at any time during 
 its manufacture, transportation or sale had been 
 in contact with dirt or filth, thus guaranteeing to 
 them a freedom from disease from this source 
 such as had never been guaranteed to them at 
 any previous time. 
 
 On his recommendation, the General Assembly 
 in 1911 also passed a revision of our new State 
 Stock Food Law, providing more adequate means 
 for carrying on the work and providing 6 inspec- 
 tors and 2 chemists to enforce the law effectively. 
 
 During the past year more than 7,800 samples 
 of the various foods have been taken. Of these 
 5,494 were found to be legal and in conformity 
 with the food laws, and 2,417 were found to be 
 illegal. Hearings were immediately granted with 
 reference to all these illegal samples and after such 
 hearings it was found that more than 424 showed 
 serious violations of the law and prosecutions 
 were ordered. Of these prosecutions 340 resulted 
 in convictions and 84 cases are still pending in 
 the courts. 
 
 The work of the department has grown enor- 
 mously and it is now cooperating not only with 
 the National food officials and the food officials of 
 the other states, but also with the mayors and 
 boards of health of the different cities of the 
 State, with the civic organizations of the State 
 interested in food control work, with the women's 
 clubs organized throughout the State, as well as 
 with the public schools, normal schools and 
 colleges of the State. 
 
 A study of the food conditions and food con- 
 trol work shows that Illinois is the first State in 
 the Union in the production, manufacture and 
 sale of the various food products pertaining to 
 our country. Her broad prairies and fertile 
 valleys are peculiarly adapted to the production 
 of these foods and especially to the products of 
 the dairy. We have in our State 17,000 grocers, 
 5.000 manufacturers of foods, 100,000 dairies, 700 
 
 101 
 
creameries and receiving stations, 100 milk con- 
 denseries and bottling plants, not taking into 
 account the cheese factories, booths, restaurants 
 and other places where foods are sold. More 
 oleomargarine is manufactured in our State than 
 in all the other states of the Union. More alco- 
 holic beverages are manufactured here than in 
 any other state. Chicago is the largest cold 
 storage center in the world. When we take into 
 consideration all these facts, and the further fact 
 that Chicago is the greatest distributing point in 
 the world for all these various foods, the necessity 
 for an efficient enforcement of the Illinois Pure 
 Food Laws is apparent. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVII. 
 State Game Department. 
 
 Prior to Governor Deneen's administration the 
 salary of the State Game Commissioner was paid 
 from the general appropriation fund for State 
 officers. During this Administration the strict 
 enforcement of the game law has so greatly in- 
 creased the revenue of the department from the 
 increased sale of hunters' licenses and from fines 
 secured from violations of the game law, that the 
 department has become entirely self-supporting, 
 no appropriation being made from the general 
 fund from taxation until this year, when the 
 legislature passed a law that all funds of the 
 department should be paid over into the general 
 fund. The amount appropriated this year for 
 the maintenance of the Game Department is 
 several thousand dollars less than the revenue 
 produced by the department. 
 
 Under the present Administration the first 
 State Game Propagating Farm in the United 
 States was established in 1906. It comprises 
 approximately a section of land devoted to the 
 rearing of all kinds of upland game birds and 
 water fowl. Eighty thousand dollars has been 
 expended by the department for game birds and 
 their eggs since 1905. Among the birds pur- 
 chased by the department were 26,000 quail, 
 which were purchased from other states and 
 distributed throughout Illinois, greatly adding 
 to our native stock of quail. 
 
 The number of game birds produced annually 
 at the State Game Farm depends greatly upon 
 the season. During a favorable hatching season 
 between eighteen and twenty thousand upland 
 game birds and water fowl are produced, and 
 100,000 to 125,000 eggs of the various species 
 of game birds are distributed throughout the 
 State. 
 
 From the information obtainable from other 
 states, Illinois does more in the way of purchase, 
 
 102 
 
propagation and distribution of game birds than 
 all the other states combined. 
 
 Nearly 400 prosecutions are made annually 
 by the department, and 12,000 to 15,000 com- 
 plaints investigated. 
 
 The sale of hunters' licenses" has increased from 
 100,000 in 1904 to approximately 200,000 licenses 
 in 1912. 
 
 The Game Department is at the present time 
 securing large tracts of land in various portions 
 of the State on which to establish game preserves 
 or refuges that will be posted, patroled and 
 stocked with wild game birds and animals. The 
 object of this work is to rear in their wild state 
 the game birds and animals that are especially 
 adapted to this climate. The game and animals 
 will be trapped yearly from these preserves and 
 distributed to other parts of the State where a 
 scarcity of them exists. The department be- 
 lieves, and the sportsmen generally are in accord 
 with the idea, that this is one of the most practical 
 means of increasing our game in this state. 
 
 It has been proven beyond a doubt that 
 pheasants are the only game birds that can be 
 reared in large numbers in captivity. They are 
 doing well throughout this State wherever they 
 have been distributed. The imported Hungarian 
 partridges all over the State are doing well, and 
 are the only game birds that ^will in any way 
 approach our native bobwhite quail from a 
 sportsman's standpoint. 
 
 Much time and money has been expended by 
 the department in a few years in feeding the 
 native game birds in the winter time. Farmers 
 throughout the State are taking great interest 
 in the protection of these birds, and are assisting 
 the department in every way possible by pro- 
 tecting them against unlawful hunters and in 
 feeding them during the severe winter weather. 
 
 CHAPTER XXVIII. 
 Fish Commission. 
 
 The protection and propagation of food fishes 
 in our State is of great importance to all citizens, 
 and under Governor Deneen's administration 
 great advancement has been made in the method 
 of carrying on the work under the supervision of 
 the Illinois Fish Commission. 
 
 Owing to the conversion of a large area hereto- 
 fore used as spawning grounds into levee districts, 
 the output of coarse fish has been somewhat re- 
 duced during the past season, but the Fish Com- 
 mission is arranging for new breeding ponds for 
 the artificial propagation of the coarser varieties 
 of fish and in this work has secured the coopera- 
 
 103 
 
tion of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, so 
 that the outlook is bright for a greatly increased 
 supply in the future. 
 
 The commission has recently secured control 
 of large areas of water in different parts of the 
 State, which have been the natural breeding 
 grounds of a great variety of Illinois fishes. 
 These include, in the northern part of the State, 
 waters in the Fox Lake region; in the central 
 part of the State, on the Illinois River and em- 
 bracing a number of the best spring lakes, such 
 as Lake Matanzas; and efforts are being made to 
 secure similar lakes in the southern, northwestern 
 and eastern parts of the State for the same pur- 
 pose. 
 
 The hatcheries at Havana and Meredosia are 
 engaged in the propagation of wall-eyed pike and 
 buffalo, and several hundred millions of fry will 
 be introduced from these hatcheries into the 
 waters of the state to offset the unusual drafts 
 made upon the fish cultivation areas by the 
 drainage districts above noted. 
 
 An extensive and effective system has been put 
 into operation by the Fish Commission for the 
 extermination of the gar, the greatest enemy 
 known to the fry or young of other fishes, and 
 the prospects are good for a prosperous and 
 profitable season for the Illinois fishing industry. 
 
 CHAPTER XXIX. 
 Commission Form of Government. 
 
 Our State has shared in the demand for laws 
 permitting the adoption by cities of the commis- 
 sion form of government and at 1909 special 
 session of the General Assembly a Commission 
 Form of Government law was enacted. The law 
 has been adopted by Springfield, Jacksonville, 
 Rock Island, Decatur, Carbondale, Pekin and 
 other cities. Its adoption is of too recent date 
 to have given opportunity for a satisfactory test 
 of this municipal form of government, but there 
 is every reason to believe that the very satisfac- 
 tory experience of cities elsewhere will be repeat- 
 ed here and that more Illinois cities will adopt it 
 in the future. Our present system of municipal 
 government has often been pointed out as the 
 weak spot in our political system and the demand 
 for reform has been urgent. As the Commission 
 Form of Government Law is an enabling act, 
 it will afford a speedy remedy to municipal 
 abuses should the experience of the cities which 
 have already adopted it prove satisfactory. 
 
 104 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 Chicago Parks. 
 
 WEST CHICAGO PARKS. 
 
 Under the law the Governor of the State is 
 charged with the appointment of boards of com- 
 missioners to administer the great West and North 
 Side park systems of the City of Chicago. Early 
 in the first year of his administration Governor 
 Deneen reorganized the West Chicago Park Com- 
 mission with a view to an extensive rehabilitation 
 and improvement of the park and boulevard 
 system under its control. During the year 1905, 
 shortly after its reorganization by the Governor, 
 the Board of Commissioners of the West Chicago 
 Park System submitted to the Governor a plan 
 for the acquisition and improvement of small 
 parks and pleasure grounds and sought his assis- 
 tance in securing the passage of bills authorizing 
 the issuance and sale of $1,000,000 in bonds for 
 that purpose. The question of the completion, 
 improvement and maintenance of the public 
 parks under the control of this commission was 
 also taken up with the Governor at the same time, 
 and the submission to the General Assembly of a 
 bill authorizing the issuance of $2,000,000 in bonds 
 to carry out the work was decided upon. 
 
 Both bills were passed by the General Assembly 
 and were approved by Governor Deneen, the 
 small parks' bond bill on May 18, 1905, and the 
 West Park improvement and maintenance bond 
 bill on May 11, 1905. 
 
 Immediately thereafter a statement showing the 
 purposes for which these bond issues were to be 
 used was furnished to the public, and at the elec- 
 tion of November 7, 1905, their issuance was ap- 
 proved by the voters. 
 
 For many years prior to the passage of the legis- 
 lation authorizing these bond issues no improve- 
 ment or extension of the West Park system had 
 been made, and the condition into which the parks 
 had fallen was deplorable. As stated in the report 
 of the commission, the boulevards of the system 
 were impassable; its sidewalks broken and out of 
 grade ; trees dead and dying, shrubbery destroyed, 
 and buildings all over the system tumbling down. 
 Moreover, the system was financially bankrupt, 
 its credit was gone, and when the new West Park 
 Commission was appointed by Governor Deneen 
 it faced unpaid bills contracted by its predecessor 
 amounting to $180,000, w r ith taxes for the ensuing 
 year anticipated by warrants drawn and out- 
 standing against the tax levy. 
 
 Since then a transformation has taken place in 
 every branch of the system. Financially, the park 
 system has been placed upon a thoroughly sound 
 basis. At the close of the year 1911, the report 
 of the board shows that a saving of nearly three- 
 
 105 
 
quarters of a million dollars has been made from 
 its general revenue. The parks and boulevards 
 themselves have been brought up to the highest 
 standard of excellence. In the various parks con- 
 stituting the West Park System, splendid pavilions 
 greenhouses, flower houses, boat houses, refectories 
 and other structures have been erected. The plans 
 and specifications for these were drawn by the 
 State Architect, Mr. W. Carbys Zimmerman, and 
 their design has proven in every instance a model 
 of artistic architecture. Some of these structures 
 are of enormous dimensions, the new greenhouse 
 at Garfield Park being the largest in the world. 
 
 A new electric lighting system was installed, the 
 Sanitary District Current being used, which results 
 in an annual saving of from $18,000 to $20,000. 
 
 During the administration of Governor Deneen, 
 the West Chicago Park Commissioners have been 
 authorized to issue the following bonds: 
 
 Improvement and Maintenance Bonds, April 1, 
 
 1906 $2,000,000 
 
 Small Park Bonds, April 1, 1906 1,000,000 
 
 Small Park Bonds, under vote of November 8, 
 
 1910 1,000,000 
 
 Highway Improvement Bonds 500,000 
 
 Bonds for Acquisition of Additional Lands 1,000,000 
 
 From the proceeds of the $1,000,000 small park 
 bond issue of 1906, the land for three small parks 
 and play grounds, a total of about fifteen acres, 
 was acquired and improved. A field house con- 
 taining assembly hall, library and reading room, 
 gymnasiums, shower baths, lunch room and club 
 rooms was erected, as well as an outdoor swim- 
 ming pool and gymnasium in each park. 
 
 From the proceeds of the additional issue of 
 $1,000,000 small park bonds under vote of 
 November 8, 1910, the board has acquired sites 
 for four additional small parks and pleasure 
 grounds, a total area of twenty-six (26) acres, at a 
 cost of $943,000. From the balance of this fund 
 and the money saved from the general fund 
 during the year 1911, these new parks will be 
 improved in a manner similar to the three small 
 parks already completed. 
 
 A portion of the funds derived from the sale of 
 $1,000,000 of bonds for the acquisition of addi- 
 tional lands has been used to purchase a tract of 
 land in Austin known as Warren's W'oods, con- 
 taining about 160 acres. The balance will be used 
 to improve this park, the plans for which are now 
 being prepared. 
 
 The issue of $500,000 highway improvement 
 bonds enabled the Park Board to pave all the 
 streets surrounding the parks in the system, most 
 of which had not been paved for the past twenty 
 years, as no funds were available for that purpose 
 until this bond issue was approved by Governor 
 Deneen. 
 
 106 
 
The entire western portion of Humboldt Park, 
 an area of about sixty acres, as well as the southern 
 portion of Douglas Park, comprising 22 acres, has 
 been improved and is used as a field for base ball, 
 foot ball and other outdoor sports. 
 
 During the past two years the West Park Board 
 has operated an asphalt paving plant, laying in 
 the neighborhood of 285,000 square yards of 
 asphaltic concrete pavement at about one-half of 
 the cost of laying sheet asphalt pavement by 
 contract. 
 
 It is not too much to say that the West Side 
 parks have been rescued from a state of gradual 
 decay and brought to a well-nigh perfect condition 
 by the Board of West Chicago Park Commissioners 
 during the administration of Governor Deneen. 
 
 The boulevard system under the control of this 
 board has also witnessed a thorough rehabilitation. 
 Space will not permit a description of the improve- 
 ments effected. The following summary, however, 
 will give an idea of the magnitude of the work 
 accomplished during the past two and a half 
 years : 
 
 Concrete curb and combined curb and gutter con- 
 structed, 28 miles. 
 
 Asphalt pavements constructed, 12 miles. 
 
 Macadam pavement and park driveways constructed, 
 23 miles. 
 
 New concrete walks laid, 24 Yi miles. 
 
 Walks reset, 11 miles. 
 
 Park walks rebuilt, 39 Yi miles. 
 
 Water service pipes laid, 18J/2 miles. 
 
 Sewers laid, 8 miles. 
 
 Tile drains laid, 5J^ miles. 
 
 Electric light conduit laid, 30 miles. 
 
 Electric light cable installed, 23 }/i miles. 
 
 Total number of trees planted, 13,816. 
 
 Total number of dead trees removed, 3,109. 
 
 Total number of shrubs planted, 524,272. 
 
 Black soil used, 251,755 cubic yards. 
 
 Excavating and grading, 174,189 cubic yards. 
 
 Lawns sodded, 372,082 square yards. 
 
 Lawns plowed and seeded, 100 acres. 
 
 Concrete, brick, granite pavement, 1 mile. 
 
 A.sphaltic concrete pavement, 1 1 miles. 
 
 PARKS. 
 
 Garfield Park: 
 
 Conservatory $255,000 
 
 Addition to stables 14,336 
 
 Boat landing and pavilion 41,526 
 
 Field house at golf links 12,000 
 
 Douglas Park: 
 
 Boat landing and pavilion 56,095 
 
 Garden hall and Marshall boulevard entrance. . . . 30,000 
 
 Humboldt Park: 
 Boat landing and pavilion 43,887 
 
 Land is being purchased for a swimming pool 
 adjacent to this park. 
 
 Small Park No. 1: 
 Field house and swimming pool 79,875 
 
 Small Park No. 2: 
 Field house and swimming pool 82,643 
 
 Small Park No. 3. 
 Field house and swimming pool 75,160 
 
 107 
 
Holstein Park: 
 
 Field house $65,000 
 
 Union Park: 
 
 Additions to Administration building 15,000 
 
 Franklin Boulevard: 
 
 250 feet wide and one and one-half miles long, 
 connecting Garfield and Humboldt parks has 
 
 been improved at a cost of 180,000 
 
 Oakley avenue from Washington boulevard to North 
 
 avenue and Hirsch street from Oakley to Humboldt Park 
 
 have been taken over by the board as boulevards. Total 
 
 length, two and one-half miles. 
 
 New concrete lamp posts have been designed, 
 and a complete new lighting system has been 
 established on Sheridan Road, Lake Shore 
 Drive, Outer Drive, Lincoln Park West, North 
 Avenue, North State Parkway and North Dear- 
 born Parkway. This system of lighting has 
 been approved by people from all parts of the 
 world. 
 
 All of the boulevards and park driveways have 
 been repaved with the result that the Lincoln 
 Park system has one of the best paved boule- 
 vard systems to be found anywhere in the 
 country. 
 
 The park extension work has advanced rap- 
 idly, with the result that, at the close of the 
 year 1911, 150 acres of land has been reclaimed. 
 This has been covered with black soil, seeded, 
 and the general plan of landscape work carried 
 out. A yacht harbor of 53 acres will be in this 
 addition, giving facilities for mooring yachts. 
 
 In order to get the enormours amount of black 
 soil required to cover an addition of this size it 
 was found necessary to purchase a farm from 
 which this black soil could be obtained, which 
 was done, with the result that over 200,000 yards 
 of black soil has been delivered for approximately 
 50 cents per cubic yard. This previously had 
 been purchased from outside contractors at 
 $1 per cubic yard. 
 
 A ten acre nursery has been established at 
 Lemont, in which all shrubs for the new park 
 extension have been raised. This also has re- 
 sulted in a great saving. 
 
 Systems of efficiency have been installed 
 throughout the park. A central heating plant 
 is being constructed at a cost of approximately 
 $60,000. This has done away with all isolated 
 inefficient small plants, with a great saving in 
 labor and fuel, also the taking down of two un- 
 sightly smoke stacks which were very objection- 
 able in the park. 
 
 Diversey bathing beach $17,248.00 
 
 New lion house 125,000.00 
 
 Sea lion pit 2,500.00 
 
 Park laundry 13,170.00 
 
 South refectory building 79,313.00 
 
 Garage 5,000.00 
 
 Nursery at Lemont 10,000.00 
 
 108 
 
Black soil plant at Lemont, 111 $120,000.00 
 
 Motor boat docks 6,714.00 
 
 Lighting Sheridan Road 40,266.00 
 
 Lighting Lake Shore Drive 38,990.00 
 
 Lighting Oak Street outer drive 9,114.00 
 
 Paving Sheridan Road 54,073.00 
 
 Paving Diversey Parkway 51,510.00 
 
 CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 Governor Deneen and the Fees of State's 
 Attorneys. 
 
 During the gubernatorial campaign four years 
 ago, certain charges were made regarding fees 
 collected by Governor Deneen during his terms, 
 1896-1904, as state's attorney of Cook County. 
 As it seems that these charges, which have never 
 been heard of since that campaign, are to be 
 revived during the present campaign for the 
 same political purposes, a brief review of the 
 facts in the matter, which show their falsity, is 
 here given. 
 
 The substance of these charges was that during 
 the Deneen administration of the office of state's 
 attorney of Cook County, the counts in certain 
 classes of indictments were unnecessarily multi- 
 plied in order that the state's attorney might 
 increase his income from conviction fees, and 
 that, as a result, Governor Deneen had collected 
 more fees than he was entitled to under a proper 
 administration of his office. 
 
 Both charges are false. They depend for their 
 plausibility upon the lack of familiarity of the 
 general public with the technical rules governing 
 legal pleading and procedure, and especially the 
 rules applicable to the drawing of indictments. 
 
 To illustrate the technical exactness required 
 in the drawing of an indictment, one example will 
 suffice. 
 
 The law against book making reads in part as 
 follows : 
 
 ''That any person who occupies any room, shed, tene- 
 ment, tent, booth or building, or any part thereof .... 
 with any book, instrument or device for the purpose of 
 recording or registering bets or wagers, or of selling pools, 
 or any person who records or registers bets or wagers or 
 sells pools upon the result of any trial or contest of skill, 
 speed or power of endurance of man or beast, etc., shall be 
 punishable, etc." 
 
 Under such a statute, the criminal law de- 
 mands in the drawing of an indictment, the 
 strictest technical accuracy in charging the offense, 
 both as to the place of its commission whether 
 in a room, tenement, etc., or a part thereof; as to 
 the means of its commission, whether with a 
 book, instrument or device; as to whether the 
 offense was accomplished through a bet, pool 
 or wager, and as to whether such bet, pool or 
 wager was on the result of a trial or contest of 
 
 109 
 
skill, speed or power of endurance of man or 
 beast. 
 
 The result of these strict requirements of the 
 criminal law in regard to a technically accurate 
 description of the place in which the offense is 
 charged to have been committed, has led to a 
 contest in nearly every case as to whether, de- 
 spite the various descriptions set up in the 
 different counts of the indictment, any one of 
 them fits the place actually occupied by the de- 
 fendant, and also is included among the places 
 mentioned in the statute. 
 
 And such defenses are legal under the terms of 
 the statute. It would be a perfect defense, for 
 instance, to an indictment charging the defend- 
 ant with occupying a room or tenement with a 
 book for the purposes of recording or registering 
 bets or wagers, that the defendant occupied only 
 a part of such room or tenement. In the same 
 way, if the charge was that he occupied a room, 
 tenement, or part thereof with a book, it would 
 be a perfect defense that the defendant occupied 
 such room, tenement or part thereof not with a 
 book, but with an instrument or device. 
 
 Moreover, the law prohibits the inclusion of 
 more than one charge in the same count of an 
 indictment and requires a different count for 
 every variation in the description of the offense 
 as to place, means or instrument. 
 
 Therefor, in order to meet the various defenses 
 as to the place of the offense, permissible under 
 the statute in this class of cases, it has been found 
 necessary to state the place in as many forms as 
 are set out in the statute, necessitating a separate 
 count for "room," "tenement," etc. The same 
 necessity exists also in relation to the terms of the 
 statute describing the means used in the commission 
 of the offense, whether book, instrument or de- 
 vice. Each must be set up in a separate' count. 
 
 Again the crime is not complete without the 
 recording or registering of bets, or wagers, or 
 selling pools, and, in order to obviate any mis- 
 take as to whether it was a bet or pool, there 
 must be a count alleging each one of these in each 
 one of the places mentioned in the indictment. 
 
 Lastly, the indictment must state what the bet 
 or pool was on, whether a contest of skill, speed or 
 power of endurance. 
 
 From what has been said, one may readily see 
 that in order accurately and technically to des- 
 cribe a complete offense in this class of cases, and 
 to prevent a miscarriage of justice through the 
 omission of some necessary element, it becomes 
 necessary for the prosecutor to allege the offense 
 in every way it could have been committed or the 
 different necessary elements of it have been 
 combined. 
 
 110 
 
It is for the above reason that to prevent sur- 
 prises or mistakes of fact and to meet the various 
 technical defenses which may arise, the careful 
 pleader always has and always must resort to- 
 various counts in stating such offenses. 
 
 Such is the practice in drawing indictments, a 
 practice which has been repeatedly upheld by the 
 Supreme Court of this State. As long ago as 
 1866, in the case of Borschenius vs. People, 41 
 111., the Supreme Court held that 
 
 "Although several counts are sometimes introduced into 
 an indictment for the purpose of describing the same offense, 
 yet in theory, each count presents a different offense. 
 . These are so many distinct convictions and the 
 state's attorney is entitled to his conviction fee under 
 each count." 
 
 The law is clear, therefore, both as to the 
 necessity for several counts in the same indict- 
 ment describing the same offense and as to the 
 compensation of state's attorneys thereunder. 
 
 A brief review of the law governing the com- 
 pensation of state's attorneys in this State is here 
 given, however. It effectually disposes of the 
 charge that Governor Deneen, as state's attorney 
 of Cook County, received any compensation to 
 which he was not by law entitled. 
 
 The law governing the compensation of state's 
 attorney in Illinois was enacted in 1872. It 
 provided for the payment of fees to such officers 
 on condition that they be collected out of fines 
 imposed and judgments collected by them. 
 Under the law, on March 1st of each year, the 
 state's attorneys of the several counties are re- 
 quired to make reports to the county judges of 
 their respective counties of all fees earned and 
 collected during the preceding year. Upon the 
 filing of such reports, a proceeding is begun in the 
 county court to determine the amount due to 
 the state's attorney. Five days before the hear- 
 ing on this proceeding, the state's attorney is 
 required to notify the county superintendent of 
 public instruction that the report has been filed 
 in the office of the county clerk. The county 
 superintendent thereupon becomes a party .to 
 the proceeding. After a full hearing a judgment 
 of court is entered, authorizing the state's attorney 
 to retain the fees due him and to turn over to the 
 county superintendent the balance remaining. 
 
 In this manner judgments have been entered 
 in the county court of Cook County for all fees 
 collected by Governor Deneen when state's 
 attorney of that court, during the eight years of 
 his administration, just as like judgments have 
 been entered in favor of his predecessors ever 
 since the law went into effect. Each year, 
 during the same period, similar judgments have 
 been entered in each of the remaining 101 counties 
 
 111 
 
of the State, making an aggregate of 3,762 judg- 
 ments rendered in favor of state's attorneys 
 under the law of 1872, in this State. 
 
 Under this law Governor Deneen filed his re- 
 ports as required, with the county court of Cook 
 County. As appears from the foregoing, the work 
 of that court was one of simple addition and 
 .verification of those reports. During his term of 
 office, the county court of Cook County entered 
 judgment for all fees collected by Governor 
 Deneen. 
 
 This whole subject has been repeatedly dis- 
 cussed and the charges answered. It has been 
 disposed of by public investigation, by innumerable 
 judgments of the county courts in this State, and 
 by the decisions of the Supreme Court of Illinois. 
 It has also been passed upon by the people. When 
 Governor Deneen was Republican candidate for 
 the second time for state's attorney of Cook 
 County, he received a plurality over his opponent 
 10,000 greater than President McKinley received 
 over Bryan. Four years later, upon his election 
 as Governor, he received a larger vote than 
 President Roosevelt and the largest vote ever 
 cast for any candidate for public office in this 
 State. 
 
 The political animus which inspires these 
 charges is furthermore shown by the circumstances 
 under which they first appeared. When Governor 
 Deneen first announced his intention to become 
 a candidate for the governorship in 1904 and had 
 made arrangements to begin an extensive cam- 
 paign throughout the State, certain of his political 
 enemies raised this question, with the hope of 
 injuring his candidacy, and caused an investiga- 
 tion of the records of his office just at the time 
 he had expected to enter upon his campaign. 
 As a consequence, the Governor was obliged to 
 cancel his engagements and spend about six 
 weeks' time in attendance upon this trumped up 
 investigation. For the purposes of the investi- 
 gation, the judge of the county court of Cook 
 County authorized an assistant judge with a 
 representative of the state's attorney's office to 
 inspect and verify each count of each indictment 
 during Governor Deneen's entire term of office 
 for his two administrations. These investigations 
 showed that the Governor had failed to credit 
 himself as state's attorney of Cook County with 
 $10,000 in fees actually earned by him. 
 
 After the campaign, the matter was, of course, 
 dropped. It was never heard of again until the 
 campaign of 1908, when it was again brought 
 forward to serve its political purpose. 
 
 Governor Deneen was state's attorney of 
 Cook County for eight years, and the fees due 
 him accumulated to a large amount, aggregating 
 
 112 
 
for the eight years $243,000, or about $30,000 
 per year. These are large emoluments, it is 
 true, but they were large because of the enormous 
 amount of business transacted by the Criminal 
 Court of Cook county, which at that time, by 
 reason of its extensive jurisdiction and the great 
 population of the county, was the largest Criminal 
 Court in the world. Moreover, Governor Deneen 
 was not the only state's attorney of Cook County 
 or elsewhere who received large fees under the 
 old fee system. The former state's attorneys of 
 Cook County, Hon. Charles Reid, Hon. Luther 
 Laflin Mills, Hon. Julius S. Grinnell, Hon. Joel 
 M. Longenecker and Hon. Jacob J. Kern, have all 
 received their compensation under the same law. 
 The same is true, also, of the state's attorneys 
 in other counties of the State. The court records 
 show, for instance, that the state's attorney of 
 St. Clair County received the following sums and 
 earned the following amounts during the years 
 1902 to 1907: 
 
 Year. Earnings. Collections. 
 
 1902 $13,528.35 $11,111.55 
 
 1903 13,948.46 13,556.60 
 
 1904 15,265.35 14,391.17 
 
 1905 21,066.04 19,531.20 
 
 1906 22,756.05 19,767.50 
 
 1907 20,415.65 13,443.50 
 
 The state's attorneys' offices in the other one 
 hundred counties were administered under the 
 same system and received in proportion to popu- 
 lation and business, the same compensation. 
 
 Had the charges in regard to fees been honest 
 and well founded, the proper time to make them 
 would have been during Governor Deneen's ad- 
 ministration of the office of state's attorney; not 
 after it was closed and when he had become a 
 candidate for Governor. Nor, does it seem 
 possible to believe that with a knowledge of the 
 facts above given, the public will think it just 
 to a candidate for a public office to hold out to 
 him certain rewards and emoluments for the 
 performance of its duties, elect him to the office 
 to perform these duties and after he has per- 
 formed them raise a question over the law which 
 provided for his compensation. 
 
 As has been shown, however, the whole matter 
 has been passed on and settled by the binding- 
 judgments of the courts of this State. No ques- 
 tion has ever been raised or insinuation made that 
 Governor Deneen ever took a dollar beyond the 
 fees or salary provided for by law, either as 
 state's attorney or in any other public capacity; 
 nor in regard to any other financial dealing in his 
 public or private life. On the contrary, his ad- 
 ministrations have been regarded as scrupulously 
 honest an; I beyond the taint of suspicion. The 
 
men who are seeking to circulate these mis- 
 leading stories and to keep alive for dishonest 
 purposes the misrepresentations upon which 
 they are based, are those who have been most 
 under suspicion of wrongdoing in political and 
 business life. 
 
 BIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Charles Samuel Deneen was born May 4, 1863, 
 at Edwardsville, Madison County, Illinois. He 
 was brought up at Lebanon, St. Clair County, 
 Illinois. He comes from one of the oldest fam- 
 ilies in the State. 
 
 His great grandfather, Risdon Moore, a native 
 of Delaware, came to St. Clair County, Illinois, 
 from Georgia in 1812. He was a- soldier in the 
 Revolutionary War. He was Speaker of the 
 Illinois House of Representatives in the Terri- 
 torial Legislature in 1814 and was a member 
 of the first, third and fourth Legislatures of 
 this State. 
 
 In the Legislature of 1823 he was one of the 
 most active men in opposing the calling of a 
 constitutional convention for " the purpose of 
 changing the constitution and making Illinois 
 a slave State. He was one of the two men who 
 
 114 
 
signet! a minority report which opposed the 
 calling of this convention and demanded the 
 total abolition of slavery at that early date. Be- 
 cause of this, on his return from the Legislature, 
 he was burned in effigy at Troy, Madison county, 
 but in the following election was again chosen 
 after a bitter contest as a Free State member 
 of the Legislature. 
 
 Mr. Deneen's grandfather, Rev. William L. 
 Deneen, was born at Bedford, Bedford County, 
 Pennsylvania, October 30, 1798. He came to 
 Illinois in 1828 and tor 19 years thereafter was 
 a Methodist minister in southern Illinois. On 
 account of a severe illness he w r as obliged in 1847 
 to abandon public speaking and engaged in the 
 business of surveying land, which he pursued at 
 the time of his death in 1879. He was county 
 surveyor of St. Clair County 1849-1851 and again 
 1853 to 1855. 
 
 Mr. Deneen's father, Samuel H. Deneen, was 
 born near Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois, 
 December 20, 1835. He was brought up at 
 Lebanon, where he graduated from McKendree 
 College, and where he was afterwards professor 
 of Latin and Ancient and Mediaeval History for 
 thirty years. He was adjutant of the 117th 
 Illinois Volunteers during the Civil War and was 
 United States Consul at Belleville, Ontario, 
 under President Harrison. 
 
 Mr. Deneen's mother, Mary Frances Ashley, 
 was born at Lebanon. She is the daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hiram K. Ashley of that place. 
 Mrs. Deneen, Sr., was educated at the Illinois 
 Woman's College at Jacksonville, Illinois, and 
 the Cincinnati Wesleyan Female College at Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Mr. Deneen married Miss Bina Day Maloney, 
 of Mt. Carroll, Carroll County, Illinois, May 10, 
 1891. Mrs. Deneen is the daughter of James 
 S. Maloney and Frances V. Bashaw, of Mt. 
 Carroll. Mrs. Deneen was educated at the 
 Frances A. Schimer Academy at Mt. Carroll. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Deneen have four children one 
 son, Charles Ashley, and three daughters, Doro- 
 thy, Frances and Bina. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Deneen are members of the 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Springfield. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was educated in 
 the public schools at Lebanon and at McKendree 
 College, Lebanon, Illinois, from which he gradu- 
 ated in the classical course in 1882 and law course 
 in 1885. During his study of law he also taught 
 for three terms in the country schools one near 
 Newton, Jasper County, this State, and two near 
 Godfrey, Madison County, this State. Mr. 
 Deneen is now one of the trustees of the McKen- 
 
dree College and represents the fourth generation 
 of the Deneen family to act as trustee of that 
 institution. 
 
 Mr. Deneen came to Chicago in 1885 to com- 
 plete his law studies. He attended the Union 
 College of Law, now Northwestern Law School, 
 for ten weeks, and, unable to complete his course 
 on account of lack of funds, went to St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, where he clerked in a law office for 
 nine months. 
 
 Returning to Chicago in September, 1886, 
 he secured a position in the evening schools and 
 for four years taught in the city school at Polk 
 and Halsted streets. * 
 
 Mr. Deneen was elected a member of the Illinois 
 Legislature in 1892. In 1895 he was elected 
 attorney for the Sanitary District Board, resign- 
 ing from the office on being nominated for state's 
 attorney of Cook County in 1896. He was 
 elected state's attorney of Cook County in- 
 1896 and again in 1900. 
 
 During his term of office as state's attorney he 
 was called upon to prosecute many important 
 cases, some of which attracted National attention. 
 Among the important cases prosecuted during his 
 term of office were the following: 
 
 Adolph Luetgert. Emil Rollinger, August Becker, 
 Christ Merry and Michael Synon, wife murderers. 
 
 Jheodore Schintz, lawer and real estate broker. 
 
 George A. Weimer, supervisor of Lemont. 
 
 William S. Young, public guardian. 
 
 M. P. Kossakowski, American Express Company, agent, 
 embezzler. 
 
 Anton Boenort, steamship agent and broker. 
 
 Charles J. Ahart, and other ticket brokers for forging 
 railroad tickets. 
 
 The election judges, Ferris and Hanrahan of the 17th 
 Ward, and Alderman John J. Brennan of the 18th \Vard, 
 for violating the election laws. 
 
 The cases against the Board of Cook County Civil 
 Service Commissioners for violating the civil service law, 
 resulting in their removal and conviction. 
 
 And the following bankers : 
 
 George W. Spalding, president of the Globe Savings 
 Bank and treasurer of the State University. 
 
 Edward S. Dreyer, treasurer of the West Chicago Park 
 Commissioners. 
 
 Robert Berger, of the banking firm of E. S. Dreyer & 
 Co. 
 
 William A. Paulsen, president Central Trust & Savings 
 Bank. 
 
 George L. Magill, proprietor of the Avenue Savings 
 Bank, and Adolph Kuhn, private banker. 
 
 (The amount involved in these several misappropria- 
 tions and failures was upward of three million dollars.) 
 
 And the following cases of conspiracy: 
 
 Alexander Sullivan, and others, to obstruct public jus- 
 tice in keeping an indicted jury briber away from the 
 jurisdiction of the court. 
 
 The Gallagher-O'Donnell & Brady case to fix juries. 
 
 116 
 
The Dr. Vnger-Marie Deffenbach case to defraud the 
 Independent Order of Forest ers. 
 
 The Dr. Regent-Delia Mahoney case to defraud the 
 Knights and Ladies of Security. 
 
 The case of Barney Graff, and others, to defraud the 
 Rochester Fire Insurance Company. 
 
 The Weber & Kanter case, known as the loan shark 
 case, for conspiracy to defeat the city civil service law. 
 
 The "Coal Cases," for conspiracy to raise the price 
 of coal and to restrict competition among dealers. 
 
 The Masonic Temple tax-fixing cases. 
 
 The case of Policemen Tedford and Davis and Law- 
 yer Dudenhaver, to obstruct public justice by keeping 
 witnesses away from the jurisdiction of the court. Also: 
 
 The cases against Policemen Sheehan and Mosher 
 for robbery and Policeman Patrick Mahoney and others 
 for burglary. And 
 
 The cases resulting in the conviction of what were 
 generally known as "The Maxwell Street Gang," "The 
 Weir Gang," the "Shevlin Gang," the "Market Street 
 Gang" and the Schrage bond robbery case. 
 
 Bank officials, church officials, business men, corpora- 
 tion agents, lawyers, physicians, public officials and 
 professional law breakers have all been prosecuted with- 
 out discrimination or regard to station, position or personal 
 influence. Eleven attorneys were convicted in one year. 
 Straw bailers, professional jury bribers, fradulent institu- 
 tions for depriving the ignorant and unwary of their small 
 earnings, organized bands to plunder insurance companies, 
 bucket shops, pool rooms, gangs of robbers and burglars 
 have been successfully prosecuted and broken up. 
 
 On assuming the duties of state's attorney, 
 December 6, 1896, he made the following state- 
 ment, which was published at the time in the local 
 press : 
 
 "I mean that the state's attorney's office shall be 
 conducted according to the law. The indicted man 
 against whom there is sufficient evidence to warrant 
 a belief in his guilt under the law, will be tried no matter 
 what his social position, religion, politics or color. If 
 under suspicious circumstances the jury disagrees he will 
 be tried again as quickly as possible. The office will not 
 be used as a cloak to enable dishonest grand jurors to 
 blackmail citizens or criminals. The criminal with 
 influence and friends will be prosecuted with greater 
 vigor than the one who is penniless and friendless. The 
 nolle protscqui will not be used for building up political 
 influence or for favoring friends at the expense of justice, 
 and will be entered in open court and with a full statement 
 before everybody of the reason therefor. The worthless 
 professional bondsman and the straw-bailer will be 
 promptly prosecuted. This is the way in which I hope 
 to conduct this office, which should represent fairness, 
 justice, honesty and mercy in all its transactions." 
 
 The records of his two administrations show 
 that the policy above outlined was faithfully 
 carried out. 
 
 Gov. Deneen was elected Governor in 1904 and 
 again in 1908. He was re-nominated at the pri- 
 maries April 9, 1912. 
 
 The important facts connected with his adminis- 
 tration of the Governor's office appear in this 
 pamphlet. 
 
 117 
 
JOHN G. OGLESBY 
 
 Republican Nominee for Lieutenant 
 
 Governor. 
 
 Honorable John G. Oglesby, Republican candi- 
 date for Lieutenant Governor, is a farmer. He 
 manages the "Oglehurst" Estate of his mother, 
 the widow of the late Governor Richard J. 
 Oglesby, near Elkhart, successfully supervising 
 this beautiful estate of four thousand acres. 
 
 In addition to looking after thtse extensive 
 landholdings, which in itself is a task of no small 
 magnitude, he devotes a part of his attention to 
 the raising and improvement of livestock. Short 
 horn cattle are his specialty and his devotion to 
 this industry has been rewarded with a success 
 that has never been duplicated. In December, 
 1909, he and his half-brother, Hiram Keays, 
 with a carload of yearling short horns, bred, fed 
 and finished on their farms, were awarded the 
 Grand Championship of all classes at the Inter- 
 national Livestock Show in Chicago. This is the 
 only time this distinction ever has been acquired 
 by Short Horn cattle. The carload of blue- 
 blooded youngsters captured a total of six prizes 
 and were sold at the enviable price of fifteen 
 cents a pound on the hoof. Including prize 
 
 118 
 
money, the twenty head in the lot netted Colonel 
 Oglesby and his brother in excess of five thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 With a love of war and politics inherited from 
 his illustrious father, Colonel Oglesby, though 
 still a young man, has found time to serve his 
 Country, and serve it well, both in the field and 
 forum. Born in Decatur, Illinois, March 19, 
 1878, he spent the usual season in the public 
 schools and then entered St. Mark's Preparatory 
 School at Southboro, Massachusetts. In 1896 
 he entered Harvard University, but left the 
 University in his sophomore year, at the prospect 
 of war, to enlist in the Spanish-American conflict. 
 
 He returned from Harvard and raised a troop 
 of cavalry composed of farmer boys and was made 
 Captain of Troop K, First Illinois Cavalry. He 
 served with the regiment until peace was declared 
 and the army mustered out of service, a portion 
 of the time acting as Major of the Third Squadron. 
 
 His military training had begun five years 
 before, at the age of fifteen, when he enlisted as 
 a private in the Gatling Gun Section of the Illi- 
 nois National Guard. After the Spanish-American 
 War he continued to serve in the militia, with 
 ranks of Lieutenant, Lieutenant Colonel and 
 Colonel. In 1905 he was placed on the retired 
 list, at his own request, with the rank of Colonel. 
 
 At the end of the Spanish-American War, 
 Colonel Oglesby entered the employ of the 
 Republic Iron and Steel Company at East 
 Chicago. Beginning in the shipping department, 
 he had been promoted to the position of iron 
 inspector for the plant when, upon the nomination 
 of Richard Yates for Governor, that gentleman 
 asked him to act as his Secretary during the 
 campaign. He accepted the position and upon 
 the election of Governor Yates was requested to 
 continue. He filled the position of Private Secre- 
 tary to the Governor until 1904, when he was 
 elected to the House of Representatives from the 
 district composed of Logan, DeWitt and Macon 
 Counties. 
 
 His constituents re-elected him in 1906 and in 
 the latter term he was made Chairman of the 
 Primary Elections Committee, one of the most- 
 important committees of the House. When the 
 Supreme Court decided that the law passed at 
 the preceding session was unconstitutional, Colo- 
 nel Oglesby at once went to work to draft a law 
 that would meet the objections of the Court, and 
 this bill, known as "The Oglesby Primary Bill," 
 was passed and became the la,w. 
 
 In 1908 Colonel Oglesby was elected Lieutenant 
 Governor and it is generally said that he has 
 made one of the most able presiding officers 
 the Senate ever had. The leaders of all parties 
 
 110 
 
give to him the highest praise for his executive 
 and parliamentary ability and his fairness in 
 the Chair. Of notable importance in another 
 direction is the fact that the pay-roll of the 
 Senate has been materially reduced during his 
 term as Presiding Officer. Besides, he has re- 
 quired the attendance of all pay-roll attaches at 
 every session a proceeding undreamed of before 
 and for the first time in the history of that 
 body established the rule of "docking" employes 
 in event of their absence without legitimate 
 reason. In all of his four years of service he has 
 been absent from his post of duty only two days. 
 Lieutenant Governor Oglesby submitted his 
 candidacy for renomination for a second term 
 to the Republicans of the State in the primary 
 election of April ninth, this year. The party 
 voters did him the honor to approve of his re- 
 nomination by a total vote of 275,626, a plurality 
 of more than 201,000 over his nearest competitor. 
 Ninety-nine of the one hundred and two counties 
 of Illinois were carried by him, his plurality being 
 larger than that of any other candidate in the 
 primaries, either National or State. In a field of 
 three candidates, he had received over seventy-two 
 per cent of the total vote cast for Lieutenant 
 Governor. 
 
 CORNELIUS J. DOYLE 
 
 Republican Nominee for Secretary 
 of State. 
 
 Cornelius J. Doyle, the present Secretary of 
 State and Republican candidate for Secretary of 
 State, was born at Carlinville, Macoupin County, 
 Illinois, December 6, 1871. 
 
 His father, Captain Thomas Doyle, served in 
 the United States Regular and Volunteer Troops 
 from 1856 to 1866. 
 
 At the age of fourteen the present Secretary of 
 State was compelled to leave high school and 
 make his own way in the world. Working by 
 day and studying by night he was admitted to 
 the bar by the Supreme Court of Illinois and 
 afterwards by the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. 
 
 For four years he was city attorney of his home 
 city, Greenfield, and subsequently, was nominated 
 and elected without opposition as mayor. At 
 the end of his first term he was again renominated 
 and re-elected as mayor, being the youngest 
 mayor and the only one ever elected to succeed 
 himself in that city. 
 
 As Parole Agent of the Southern Illinois Peni- 
 tentiary and as Secretary of the Board of Arbi- 
 tration, he displayed sufficient executive ability 
 to command the attention of officials in this and 
 other states, 
 
 120 
 
Mr. Edwin R. Wright, President of the Illinois 
 State Federation of Labor says: 
 
 "I have always found C. J. Doyle, former 
 Secretary of the Board of Arbitration of Illinois, 
 friendly and helpful toward our movement in the 
 several public offices which he has filled, em- 
 ployer and employe have always received from 
 him a square deal." 
 
 Mr. Doyle resigned as Secretary of the Board 
 of Arbitration to become General Attorney of the 
 Insurance Department of Illinois. While acting 
 as General Attorney the law creating the new 
 department of State Fire Marshal was passed. 
 He resigned as General Attorney of the Insurance 
 Department to become Illinois' first State Fire 
 Marshal. The organization of the new depart- 
 ment required more than ordinary executive 
 ability. The Department of the Illinois State 
 Fire Marshal is today a model in this line of 
 public service. 
 
 Mr. Charles E. Sheldon of Rockford, Illinois, 
 Vice-President of the American Insurance Com- 
 pany and Manager of the Western Department 
 says: 
 
 "I have followed with increasing satisfaction 
 the public career of C. J. Doyle and fully believe 
 his record as a public official warrants my assur- 
 
 121 
 
ance that he is destined to perform even greater 
 service for the State of Illinois. As its first State 
 Fire Marshal he brought to the office the gift of 
 organization which was so necessary in estab- 
 lishing this new department; an intelligent and 
 conscientious appreciation of its requirements and 
 a fearlessness in the discharge of its duties which 
 have set a high mark of efficiency for his suc- 
 cessors to follow." 
 
 Mr. Doyle is Secretary of the State Republican 
 Committee and was temporary and permanent 
 Chairman of the Republican State Convention at 
 Springfield in 1912. Upon the death of the 
 " Honorable James A. Rose, Mr. Doyle was selected 
 unanimously by the State Central Committee to 
 fill the vacancy upon the Republican ticket caused 
 by Mr. Rose's death and was subsequently 
 appointed by Governor Deneen to fill out the 
 unexpired term. 
 
 The history of Mr. Doyle's life has been one of 
 constant endeavor abounding in the hard prac- 
 tical knocks which all encounter in continuous 
 advancement by individual effort. He has 
 brought to every position of political trust splen- 
 did executive ability and clear-sighted adminis- 
 trative force. 
 
 To a large degree, the efficiency of the Secretary 
 of State's office during the sixteen years of his 
 distinguished predecessor, Hon. James A. Rose, 
 was due to the legal training of the late Secretary. 
 This department deals with questions requiring a 
 knowledge of law. Mr. Doyle is the only lawyer 
 whose name will be presented to the people in 
 November for Secretary of State. He will have 
 had seven months of practical experience in that 
 office and the record he has made is evidence of 
 his executive ability and application of his legal 
 training, and the high efficiency of the Depart- 
 ment of Secretary of State has not in the slight- 
 est been interrupted since the death of the late 
 Secretary of State Rose. <* 
 
 The Constitution of Illinois imposed few duties 
 on the Secretary of State: Under the first con- 
 stitution, (1818) this official was appointed by the 
 Governor and required to "Keep a fair register of 
 the official acts of the Governor and to perform 
 such other duties as may be assigned him by law." 
 
 The second constitution (1848) made the office 
 elective with no new duties imposed upon the 
 officer. 
 
 The third constitution (1870) now in force, 
 adds but little to the Secretary's duties but retains 
 the provision of the earlier constitutions that he 
 shall perform such other duties as may be assigned 
 him by law. Under this provision the Legislature 
 has, from time to time, added new duties to the 
 
 122 
 
office and invested it with such additional respon- 
 sibilities that this Department now transacts a 
 large part of the business of the State under the 
 immediate supervision of the Secretary of State. 
 From a simple clerkship, filled by appointment, it 
 has grown to a great business office, one of the 
 most important agencies for doing the work of 
 the State. The office is not a political sinecure 
 but a position demanding hard work and every- 
 day attention of the Secretary and of his appointees. 
 
 One of the more important duties of the Secre- 
 tary of State is the general supervision of the 
 foreign and domestic corporations of the State; 
 the licensing of such corporations and collection 
 of fees, which for the year ending July 1, 1912, 
 amounted to $462,718.00. Another important 
 function of the office is the administration of the 
 election laws both as to the general and primary 
 elections, the furnishing of blanks and forms to 
 election officers, the compilation of returns, 
 making a permanent record of the results, and 
 upon request instructing election officials as to 
 their duties. Another duty recently imposed on 
 the Secretary is the administration of the Auto- 
 mobile Law. The fees earned by this subordi- 
 nate department for the year ending July 1, 1912, 
 and paid into the State Treasury amounted to 
 1431,956.00. The net amount of fees collected 
 by the Secretary of State and paid into the State 
 Treasury for the year ending July 1, 1912, was 
 $965,800.09. 
 
 The printing and binding of the laws, resolu- 
 tions and journals of the General Assembly, the 
 reports of State Officials, boards and commissions, 
 with all of which the Secretary is charged, has 
 grown to such proportions as to constitute a 
 business of itself the intelligent supervision of 
 which is of primary importance to the State. 
 
 During the recesses of the Legislature the 
 Secretary must take charge of all books, docu- 
 ments and other property of the General Assem- 
 bly. He is made the custodian of the Capitol 
 building and of all State property in the Capital 
 City now amounting to many mUlions of dollars. 
 
 The purchasing and issuing of supplies to all 
 departments of the State, amounting to many 
 thousand dollars annually, calls for close atten- 
 tion and the use of good business methods to 
 prevent waste and to secure an economical 
 performance of the work. 
 
 The chartering of cities and villages and the 
 prevention of the duplication of names of munici- 
 palities, the administration of the act regulating 
 itinerant vendors, the furnishing of books and 
 blanks to free employment agencies, mine inspec- 
 tors and other subordinate departments created 
 in recent years, and many similar duties enter 
 
 123 
 
into the daily work of the Secretary of State. 
 Approximately 8000 commissions are issued 
 annually to 'Notaries Public of the State. The 
 fees for this service alone for the last year amounts 
 to $17,260.00 
 
 The Secretary is also ex officio member of the 
 State Canvassing Board, a Commissioner of 
 State Contracts, State Librarian and member of 
 other State Boards the duties of which require 
 his personal attention. 
 
 This work of the Secretary, so briefly re- 
 ferred to, is divided among six different depart- 
 ments: Corporations, Index, Anti-Trust, Supply, 
 Shipping and Automobile, either of which does 
 more work and is charged with greater responsi- 
 bility than attached to the entire office of the 
 Secretary of State at the time of the adoption of 
 the present constitution. To describe in detail 
 the work of any one of these departments would 
 require more space than is given to this article. 
 
 This office is the revenue-producing depart- 
 ment of the State Government. The fees earned 
 and paid into the Treasury last year were but 
 a trifle short of a million dollars a sum three 
 times as great as the total revenue raised by 
 taxation at the time of the adoption of our second 
 constitution and nearly half as much as was 
 collected by taxation for State purposes but 
 twenty years ago. 
 
 JAMES S. McCULLOUGH 
 Republican Nominee for State Auditor. 
 
 One of the State offices upon which the growth 
 of official business and important acts of the 
 General Assembly have imposed in very recent 
 years added burdens of duties and responsibili- 
 ties is that of State Auditor of Public Accounts, 
 for re-election to which Mr. James S. McCullough 
 is a candidate. 
 
 These new burdens have been assumed by the 
 office without friction and the new duties have 
 been performed from the very start with an 
 efficiency that has been a demonstration of a 
 fine organization. 
 
 The new laws have given the Auditor direct 
 charge over large numbers of public expenditures 
 not included prior to that time within observation. 
 
 They give him also very delicate, important 
 and essential powers over the State banks. 
 
 The affairs of this office have been administered 
 with eminent satisfaction to those who come 
 into contact with it and with scrupulous honesty 
 and a first interest in the public service and the 
 tax payer. 
 
 124 
 
During the first biennial period of Mr. McCul- 
 lough's administration the number of warrants 
 issued for the expenditure of public money was 
 21,000. During the last biennial period the 
 number reached 90,000; the increase being due 
 to three causes; first, the natural growth of State 
 business, second, the issue direct from his office 
 of a warrant for each expenditure of the 
 eighteen State charitable institutions, instead, as 
 formerly, of one warrant quarterly to each in- 
 
 stitution for a lump sum from which the institu- 
 tion itself paid its individual accounts; third, the 
 new law requiring all fee offices to turn into the 
 treasury all fees received and the State Auditor 
 to issue warrants direct for all expenditures made 
 by these offices. Under the old system a number 
 of State departments, which are sustained by 
 fees exclusively, received and paid out their 
 resources without the check of the State 
 Auditor. 
 
 This department in recent years has achieved 
 its greatest success in the supervision and exam- 
 ination of the State banks and the building and 
 loan associations. 
 
 During this time, the growth of State banks 
 and building and loan associations, has been 
 
 125 
 
prodigious. Due to the protection by the State, 
 afforded by a model State banking act, honestly 
 and intelligently enforced by the State Auditor, 
 the public has come to have such absolute con- 
 fidence in its State banks that they have increased 
 from 179 in 1902 to 584 in 1912. 
 
 Through the public's confidence in these banks, 
 based without doubt upon a recognition of the 
 efficiency of the State's supervision and examina- 
 tion of them, savings depositors have increased 
 from 352,305 in 1902 to 915,750 in 1912; in 
 other words, today one in six inhabitants of 
 Illinois has a saving deposit in a State bank. 
 
 The average amount of savings deposit in 
 1902 was $270; in 1912 it was $308 and the total 
 savings deposits in these banks have grown from 
 $95,155,260 to $282,734,680 and the total interest 
 paid them in 1911-1912 was $8,281,581. The 
 total deposits of all kinds in the State banks in 
 1902 were $242,889,006 and in 1912, $690,547,173. 
 The capital, surplus and undivided profits in 
 1902 were $37,660,777 and in 1912, $122,731,656. 
 
 There is possibly no demonstration so con- 
 vincing of the efficiency and capacity of the State 
 Auditor's supervision and examination of the 
 State banks as these figures. 
 
 But taken in connection with the small number 
 of bank failures and the enactment of remedial 
 laws, urged by him, the record is without an 
 equal. During these ten years there have been 
 only three failures of State banks. Of these, one 
 paid its depositors in full and the other two fell 
 not far short of it. Several other banks have 
 been forced to close their doors but the depositors 
 have lost nothing. 
 
 Upon his recommendation, the General As- 
 sembly has given to .the State Auditor the power, 
 which he did not have before, of taking possession 
 of a bank which he finds is unworthy of public 
 patronage, closing its doors and making applica- 
 tion for a receiver to wind up its affairs. . 
 
 This alone is one of the most progressive and 
 advanced steps in the science of public super- 
 vision of banking concerns. 
 
 Building and loan associations have also en- 
 joyed prosperity during these ten years. There 
 has been no failure among them, their resources 
 have increased from $43,684,289 to $68,975,451 
 and the investments repaid to members have 
 been $117,744,062, carrying an interest or profit- 
 payment of $26,740,112, a grand total of $144,- 
 474,174. The number of shares which have 
 been matured in the decade was 542,253, and 
 the shares in force on December 1, 1911 were 
 1,941,507. 
 
 The prosperity of banks and building and loan 
 associations depends absolutely upon the public 
 
 126 
 
confidence. Public confidence is the outgrowth 
 of the faith of the public in the efficiency and 
 honesty of the examination and supervision by 
 the state authorities charged with this duty. 
 
 Mr. McCullough has always maintained an 
 adequate force of examiners and inspectors 
 not one of whom during this period has ever 
 been questioned as to his competency, efficiency 
 and honesty nor has any of their acts ever been 
 impugned. 
 
 Upon the success of his administration of these 
 three departments alone, Mr. McCullough might 
 well base his bid for public support. That his 
 administration has been a success is apparent 
 in the results which speak for themselves mor^ 
 eloquently than words. 
 
 But while these three are the most important, 
 they are by no means all. 
 
 The office of Auditor comprises many depart- 
 ments, all of them requiring the keeping of 
 accurate, intricate records and accounts and 
 calling for expert attention. 
 
 In addition to supervising and examining 
 banks and building and loan associations, the 
 Auditor likewise performs the same service for 
 trust and title guarantee companies and pawn 
 broker societies. 
 
 The Auditor is custodian of securities aggrega- 
 ting over ten millions of dollars which have been 
 deposited by municipalities, trust companies 
 and banks, as required by law in the performance 
 of certain legal duties. He must pass upon the 
 form and the sufficiency of these securities. It 
 is one of his duties to levy the taxes each year, 
 and from them to pay the interest and principal 
 upon millions of bonds issued by cities, towns, 
 school districts and counties for public improve- 
 ments. This one department requires the closest 
 and most exacting attention to details that no 
 mistake shall be made. Yet in his term as 
 Auditor, there has been no complaint of a single 
 mistake in calculation. 
 
 ANDREW RUSSEL 
 Republican Nominee for State Treasurer. 
 
 Andrew Russel was born in Jacksonville, 
 Illinois, June 17th, 1856 and received his educa- 
 tion in the public schools of Jacksonville and at 
 Illinois College. His father was William Russel, 
 a native of Scotland, and his mother Emily 
 Gallaher Russel was born in Sangamon County, 
 Illinois. Upon leaving college in 1874, he was 
 employed by the Jacksonville National Bank, 
 and has been in the banking business ever since; 
 is now vice-president of the Ayers National 
 
 127 
 
Bank, Jacksonville. He was city treasurer of 
 Jacksonville for five terms and was Chairman 
 of the State Board of Pardons from 1901 to 1906 
 and State Treasurer from 1908 to 1910, and is 
 again a candidate for this high office, having 
 received the nomination at the state-wide direct 
 primary, April 9th, 1912. He is a Presbyterian 
 and a member of several fraternal orders, and 
 his model in life has always been "Do unto 
 others as you would have others do unto you." 
 
 He is a real progressive, but believes that true 
 reforms should and will be worked out in the 
 party to which he belongs. 
 
 WILLIAM H. STEAD 
 Republican Nominee for Attorney General. 
 
 William H. Stead was born in La Salle County, 
 Illinois, June 12, 1858. His boyhood was spent 
 upon a farm. 
 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1883 and prac- 
 ticed law at Ottawa until 1904. He was success- 
 ful from the start. For years he had a large and 
 important practice in La Salle and adjoining 
 counties and was one of the leading lawyers in 
 
 128 
 
northern Illinois. He served as city attorney 
 and corporation counsel of Ottawa and as state's 
 attorney of La Salle County. He was president 
 of the State's Attorneys' Association in 1899. 
 
 In 1904 he broke the slate at the Republican 
 State convention and was nominated for Attorney 
 General and elected the same year. He vas 
 renominated in 1908, under the primary law, 
 without opposition, 'and re-elected by a plurality 
 of 172,000. He is completing his second term. 
 
 William H. Stead has made good. He is 
 everywhere recognized as one of the ablest 
 Attorney Generals this State ever had. He has 
 made no bids for cheap notoriety. His adminis- 
 tration has been clean, efficient, businesslike and 
 fearless. He enjoys the confidence and respect 
 of the courts, the members of the bar and the 
 people generally. Morris Herald. 
 
 HISTORY OF ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
 
 In England, where the office originated, the 
 attorney general was the chief law officer of the 
 crown and its only legal representative in the 
 courts. 
 
 In this country, sovereignty is vested, not in 
 the chief executive, but in the people; hence, in 
 
 129 
 
this State, the Attorney General is the legal rep- 
 resentative of the people, acting in their sov- 
 ereign governmental capacity. 
 
 Both the constitutions of 1818 and of 1848 
 recognized the office of Attorney General; the 
 incumbent under the constitution of 1818 was 
 appointed by the Legislature. From 1848 to 
 1867 no Attorney General was appointed. Robert 
 G. Ingersoll was appointed by the Governor in 
 1867 and served two years. 
 
 Washington Bushnell, with whom the present 
 Attorney General, William H. Stead, studied law, 
 was the first incumbent of the office elected by the 
 people he being elected at the November election 
 in 1868. 
 
 So important had the office become that the 
 framers of the constitution of -1870 made it a 
 constitutional elective office, forming a con- 
 stituent part of the executive department. 
 
 James K. Edsall, of Lee, was the first Attorney 
 General elected under the constitution of 1870. 
 He served two terms and was succeeded by 
 James McCartney, of Wayne. Mr. McCartney 
 was succeeded by George Hunt, of Edgar. 
 Maurice T. Moloney, of La Salle, Edward C. 
 Aikin, of Will, Howland J. Hamlin, of Shelby, 
 and William H. Stead, of La Salle, have served 
 the State in the capacity of Attorney General. 
 
 COMMON LAW DUTIES. 
 
 The position of the Attorney General of Illinois 
 is practically the same as that of the attorney 
 general of England, except that his sovereign is 
 the people. 
 
 The Legislature of Illinois has never deemed it 
 wise or expedient specifically to enumerate all 
 of his duties, and the courts have not undertaken 
 to define their limitations or extent. Our court 
 has held that he is vested with all the powers of 
 the English office and, in addition, those imposed 
 by statute. 
 
 STATUTORY DUTIES. 
 
 His statutory duties fall under two heads the 
 advisory and the court. He is at once advocate 
 and counsellor. 
 
 In the exercise of these powers and in the dis- 
 charge of these duties, the Attorney General 
 touches all the governmental .activities of the 
 State. Neither work is more important than the 
 other. In the discharge of either or both of 
 these duties, a high order of talent is necessary. 
 
 ADVISORY WORK. 
 
 He is the legal adviser of the Governor, all 
 State officers, State boards, commissions and in- 
 stitutions seventy-five in number the General 
 Assembly, and the state's attorneys one hundred 
 and two in number who have the right to ask 
 
 130 
 
his guidance, through his written opinion, of 
 the law under which they are operating or of the 
 procedure they have outlined for their several 
 offices and departments. In one way or another, 
 the legal powers, duties, limitations and restric- 
 tions of all State and county officers pass under 
 his scrutiny. His opinions, therefore, define, to 
 a great extent, the policy of the government. 
 
 The record of Attorney General Stead, during 
 the past eight years, has been remarkable for 
 the number of opinions rendered and for the 
 practical unanimity with which they have been 
 sustained in all those instances in which the ques- 
 tions under consideration were submitted to the 
 Supreme Court. r 
 
 The more important opinions affecting the ad- 
 ministration of the laws principally State, county 
 and township are printed in the biennial re- 
 ports. The last biennial report of Attorney 
 General Stead contained 940 printed pages. 
 Copies of these reports are distributed to all parts 
 of the State and opinions found therein are useful 
 to county officials, including supervisors, in the 
 practical administration of the county govern- 
 ment. 
 
 COURT WORK. 
 
 The Attorney General represents the people of 
 the State, or any officer thereof, in all courts. 
 Important litigation is always pending. He 
 must appear for and represent the people in all 
 criminal cases in the Supreme Court. 
 
 BIG CASES HANDLED. 
 
 Some of the most important cases in the State's 
 history have been handled by Attorney General 
 Stead. That they have been handled with 
 energy and marked ability is demonstrated by 
 the results. 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL CASE. 
 Attorney General Stead prepared arid argued 
 the Illinois Central case. He won this suit in 
 the Supreme Court upon every important legal 
 point but one, namely, that the State cannot go 
 back of the year 1905. The case has been re- 
 manded to the circuit court of La Salle County. 
 An answer has been filed by the company and 
 the work of stating the account is now under 
 way. Under the court's decision, the com- 
 pany must fully and fairly account to the State 
 for seven per cent of all its charter line receipts 
 since 1905, and for all future time. This de- 
 cision is of far-reaching importance. It has al- 
 ready increased the revenues of the State from 
 the Illinois Central Railroad, and will continue 
 to increase these revenues for all time to come, 
 thereby reducing the burdens of the taxpayer* 
 
 131 
 
THE BOND CASES. 
 
 Attorney General Stead instituted numerous 
 suits against ex-State Auditors and Treasurers to 
 recover moneys . retained by them for expenses 
 in handling registered bond funds. Many of 
 these suits have been separately and vigor- 
 ously contested. The Supreme Court held that 
 the fees belong to the State. In every instance, 
 where a trial has been had, the State has won. 
 As a result of these suits, there has been paid 
 into the State treasury over $200,000.00. A 
 total of nearly $300,000.00 has been collected 
 and put in judgment. Some of the suits have 
 not yet been reached for trial. 
 
 SWINDLING CONCERNS SUPPRESSED. 
 
 One of the things Attorney General Stead did 
 was to cut short in their infancy a new form of 
 swindling which promised to become prolific be- 
 cause of their air of respectability. 
 
 The Ccntinental Finance Company was a 
 partnership affair, soliciting business for invest- 
 ment purposes. Its literature indicated that it 
 depended upon the lapses and forfeitures of its 
 contract holders for profits. 
 
 Attorney General Stead proceeded against the 
 concern. The court held that this company was 
 carrying on an illegal banking, money loaning 
 and investment business. 
 
 STRENGTHENS INHERITANCE TAX LAW. 
 
 The Legislature having passed an act prohibit- 
 ing trust companies, banks and corporations from 
 transferring the personal property of the de- 
 cedent without a permit from the Attorney Gen- 
 eral, the National Safe Deposit Company at- 
 tp.cked the law in the courts. Mr. Stead de- 
 fended the law and the courts upheld the act. 
 
 ABOLISHES HABEAS CORPUS MILL. 
 
 The habeas corpus mill was broken up by 
 Attorney General Stead when he made a de- 
 termined effort to stop the liberation by the 
 lower courts of prisoners from Joliet and Chester 
 upon mere technicalities and flimsy excuses, after 
 the Supreme Court had decided that they had 
 been legally tried and convicted. 
 
 THE TWO-CENT RATE CASE. 
 
 One of the weaker of the railroads in this 
 State attacked the two-cent fare law. 
 
 Attorney General Stead has defended the law 
 and has argued the case in the Federal courts. 
 The case is now, and has been, for months, 
 pending in the Federal court under advisement 
 by that court, the final argument having been 
 made November, 1911. 
 
 132 
 
MINERS' QUALIFICATION ACT. 
 
 Attorney General Stead defended, in the Su- 
 preme Court, the constitutionality of the miners' 
 qualification act. He contended for the validity 
 of the enactment, and the court sustained his 
 contention. 
 
 WOMEN'S TEN-HOUR LAW. 
 
 The Attorney General's department handled the 
 two cases involving the constitutionality of the 
 acts of the General Assembly prohibiting women 
 from working more than ten hours in any one 
 day. Both cases were bitterly contested, but 
 the laws were upheld. 
 
 SUBMERGED LANOS. 
 
 In conjunction with the state's attorney of 
 Cook County, Mr. Stead has instituted numerous 
 suits to recover made lands along the shores of 
 Lake Michigan. The work of preparation in 
 these suits has been enormous. The cases are 
 now ready for trial and will be disposed of at 
 an early date. 
 
 OTHER BIG SUITS. 
 
 The Kaskaskia Commons case was notable for 
 its historical interest. As a result of this litiga- 
 tion, a large amount of property has been re- 
 covered for the Kaskaskia schools. 
 
 The Act of the last General Assembly compell- 
 ing all State boards and officers to turn their 
 fees into the State treasury was attacked by the 
 Chicago Board of Trade because it affected the 
 inspection of grain. The court upheld the Act, 
 which was defended by Attorney General Stead, 
 and recommended by him to the Legislature. 
 
 Among the many other important cases 
 handled by Attorney General Stead are the 
 Illinois-Iowa Boundary case, which settled the 
 question cf the boundary between Illinois and 
 Iowa; the Express cases and the Switching Rule 
 cases, which brought about the amendment of 
 the railroad and warehouse act; the Kline mur- 
 der case, which settled the question of the power 
 and authority of the militia when called into 
 actual service; the Marshall Field inheritance 
 tax case, which put an end to the evasion of 
 inheritance tax by ante-nuptial contracts; the 
 Joyce case, in which the constitutionality of the 
 parole law was upheld; the Spring Lake case, 
 which preserved to the people a navigable lake 
 in Tazewell County; the Seeberger case, in which 
 the Governor's veto to the corporation bill was 
 made effective; and numerous revenue cases in- 
 volving the validity of recent statutes. 
 
 133 
 
COURT OF CLAIMS. 
 
 Attorney General Stead has vigorously resist- 
 ed each and every claim filed against the State 
 where a liability was not clear. As a result of 
 this policy, over ninety per cent of all the claims 
 filed against the State during his administration 
 have been defeated or dismissed. During the 
 past eight years, claims amounting to $286,- 
 655.66 have been filed against the State and dis- 
 posed of. Of theseclaims $25,294.09 were allowed 
 and $261,361.56 were defeated or dismissed. 
 
 A PRODIGIOUS GROWTH. 
 
 The Attorney General's office is one of the 
 State's busiest. The work, since 1905, has more 
 than quadrupled? The preceding summary of 
 the advisory and court work of Attorney General 
 Stead gives a glimpse only of the tremendous 
 amount of physical and mental work of the office 
 for the last eight years. 
 
 Properly to show, in print, the growth of a 
 department of this character a purely legal 
 one is extremely difficult. The nature of a 
 lawyer's work, which consists of study, research, 
 investigation and reasoning, is such as prevents 
 any adequate description of its increase or growth. 
 A lawyer can realize the amount of work necessary 
 in the preparation of one case, or of one important 
 opinion; a layman can only imagine the amount 
 of labor and time necessary to prepare over 500 
 cases in a period of two years, or to investigate 
 the law and formulate over 2,000 official legal 
 opinions in one year, many of these opinions 
 involving the consideration of novel and unusual 
 constitutional and statutory questions. 
 
 GROWTH ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 While a lawyer's work is weighed, not counted, 
 yet the following table serves to illustrate the 
 increased volume of business of the Attorney 
 General's office: 
 
 1872-1874 Number of official opinions filed by Attorney 
 General Edsall 51. 
 
 1911 Number of official opinions filed by Attorney 
 General Stead 1700. 
 
 1872-1874 Attorney General Edsall appeared for the 
 State in court in 76 cases. 
 
 In 1911 Attorney General Stead appeared for the State 
 in court in 215 cases. 
 
 In 1911 number of unofficial opinions written by 
 Attorney General Stead, 16,000. 
 
 Attorney General Edsall's first biennial report contained 
 eight printed pages. 
 
 Attorney General Stead's last biennial report contained 
 940 printed pages. 
 
 Volume of work in Attorney General's department since 
 1905 has more than quadrupled. 
 
 Office force in 1905 consisted of three assistants, one 
 clerk, two stenographers, and a porter. 
 
 134 
 
Office force in 1911 consists of six assistants, a brief 
 maker, a law clerk, an inheritance tax assistant, five 
 stenographers, a telephone operator, a porter and a 
 janitor, with temporary increases frequent during the 
 sessions of the supreme court, and the General Assembly. 
 
 CAUSES OF GROWTH. 
 
 This rapid and prodigious growth can very 
 easily be accounted for. 
 
 The last few years has witnessed a vast exten- 
 sion of the activity of the State government. 
 Illinois has placed herself in the forefront of 
 states in the amount and quality of its progressive 
 legislation and administration for industrial and 
 social betterment. The last eight years has 
 witnessed the creation of many administrative 
 boards, commissions, and the extension of the 
 work of old boards and commissions. The 
 efficiency of these administrative instrumentali- 
 ties, through which the laws for industrial and 
 social betterment are carried out, has been in- 
 creased by the careful and thorough opinions, 
 both written and oral, which have been given 
 the officers charged with the administrative 
 features of these laws. It has been incumbent 
 on the Attorney General to blaze the way with 
 his opinions. It would require columns to review 
 briefly these new laws and the new and unusual 
 questions they have presented. Following the 
 opinions have come the court tests in which it 
 was incumbent upon him to defend the new acts. 
 It is a source of great pride that almost without 
 exception his views have been sustained by the 
 courts. 
 
 THE HAMLIN RULING. 
 
 Another reason for the increase resulted from 
 the ruling of Attorney General Hamlin that the 
 Attorney General is the duly constituted legal 
 adviser of all State officers, departments, boards, 
 commissions and institutions. 
 
 At the time of this ruling, practically every 
 officer, board and commission had its own 
 attorney. The Attorney General was a mere 
 figurehead and was little considered in the econo- 
 my of government. 
 
 The Hamlin ruling centralized the legal work 
 of the State in the Attorney General's office. The 
 decision was just coming to be felt in the office 
 when Mr. Stead entered and it has culminated 
 in his administration in making the department 
 dignified and effective, as well as extensive and 
 busy, but the increase in employes and expense 
 nowhere equals the immense saving through the 
 dispatching of the special attorneys and their 
 elaborate office equipment. 
 
 135 
 
STEAD'S FEE RULING. 
 
 The Hamlin decision forced every board, 
 commission and institution, dependent upon 
 biennial appropriations for support, (with the 
 exception of one or two where the statute made 
 provision for attorneys) to depend upon the 
 Attorney General. There remained, however, 
 a number of boards and commissions which main- 
 tained themselves solely out of the fees collected, 
 from which they continued to employ special 
 attorneys. Mr. Stead, in an opinion to the 
 General Assembly, declared that all fees collected 
 by any agency of the State government must be 
 turned into the State treasury, and that all the 
 fee departments and boards should be supported 
 by specific appropriations made by the Legislature. 
 
 This ruling also is logical, though revolutionary. 
 The Legislature made the decision a law, which 
 the court has already upheld, and those agencies 
 which had been escaping the effect of the Hamlin 
 ruling have been forced to apply to the Attorney 
 General for their legal advice. 
 
 WILL SAVE STATE MONEY. 
 
 While this ruling will add some to the expense 
 of the Attorney General's department, it will be 
 far from the aggregate cost of the special attorneys 
 engaged by these boards and commissions under 
 the old system. It will save the State money 
 in another respect. The State will be enriched 
 by the. fees and moneys collected by these various 
 boards and . commissions and no part thereof 
 may .be expended unless specifically authorized 
 by the legislature. 
 
 Apparently, the legislative appropriations will 
 be increased. In reality, the funds in the State 
 treasury will be increased in greater proportion, 
 as the Legislature will not, in every instance, 
 appropriate the whole of the fees and moneys 
 collected by these various boards for their main- 
 tenance and support. 
 
 INHERITANCE TAX. 
 
 During the past seven and one-half years, 
 through legal proceedings instituted by Attorney 
 General Stead, inheritance taxes have been 
 assessed as follows: 
 
 In Cook County $5,778,727.31 
 
 In other counties 729,491.43 
 
 Total $6,508,218.74 
 
 Owing to the liberal exemptions of the Inheri- 
 tance Tax Law, no unjust burdens are imposed, 
 and it affects only those individuals who can 
 well afford to bear it; hence, there is no sentiment, 
 in the legislature or in thf public, in favor of its 
 repeal. 
 
Most of the work of perfecting the collection 
 machinery of this law has fallen upon Attorney 
 General Stead. The law is not automatic, nor is 
 it self-enforcing. Its administration, especially in 
 counties outside of Cook, has been far from perfect 
 and there yet remain many defects which must 
 be removed. 
 
 Mr. Stead has frequently called the attention of 
 the Legislature to the inadequacy and inefficiency 
 of the law in these counties, but so far the supple- 
 mentary legislation desired has not been granted, 
 and the Attorney General has been forced upon 
 his own resources and ingenuity to get what has 
 been received. 
 
 Immediately after his induction into office, Mr. 
 Stead began a systematic search of the probate 
 records in counties outside of Cook. Many estates 
 subject to this tax were discovered and proceed- 
 ings instituted to enforce collection. Hundreds of 
 thousands of dollars, as a result of these proceed- 
 ings, have been turned into the State treasury. 
 
 The costs of the Attorney General's department, 
 in assessing these taxes, including special assist- 
 ants, in every instance, have been paid out of the 
 Attorney General's appropriations. In no instance, 
 have the fees and expenses of special attorneys 
 employed by the Attorney General to conduct 
 these proceedings been deducted from the taxes 
 assessed. The deductions made from the inheri- 
 tance taxes assessed have been for the fees and 
 expenses of appraisers, witnesses and court costs, 
 fixed and allowed by the various county judges, 
 under the provisions of the Inheritance Tax 
 Law. For these allowances, the Attorney Gen- 
 eral was and is in no way responsible. 
 
 The total appropriations expended by the 
 Attorney General for inheritance tax work (in- 
 cluding maintenance of the inheritance tax office 
 of Cook County, special attorneys, and all other 
 expenses), have amounted to less than 2^ per 
 cent of the taxes assessed through the proceedings 
 instituted by his department. 
 
 COOK COUNTY INHERITANCE TAX OFFICE. 
 
 In Cook County, the machinery to collect this 
 tax is fully equipped and adequate. In 1901, the 
 General Assembly provided for an Inheritance 
 Tax Attorney for Cook County, but made no 
 provision for the expenses of his office. It was 
 impossible for him to proceed at law against 
 those estates which failed to make voluntary 
 returns. The consequence was that an assess- 
 ment of $300,000 or $350,000 a year was large. 
 
 When Mr. Stead became Attorney General he 
 at once made provision out of his office funds, 
 for a stenographer and such office expenses as were 
 imperative, aggregating $150 per month. 
 
 137 
 
Facilities have, from time to time, been au- 
 thorized by the Legislature. Gains in collections 
 followed. In 1909, strong power was given the 
 Attorney General by a law which prohibited the 
 transfer of personal property of a decedent by 
 banks, trust companies or other corporations 
 without his consent. The following tabular 
 statement represents the work of the inheritance 
 tax department of Cook County: 
 
 TAXES ASSESSED. 
 
 1905-1909 (Mr. Stead's first term) $1,768,596.25 
 
 1909-1911 : 2,907,702.85 
 
 January 1, 1912 August 31, 1912 1,102,428.21 
 
 Total $5,778,727.31 
 
 CASES HANDLED. 
 
 1905-1909 1,561 
 
 During 1911 6,985 
 
 September 1, 1910 August 31, 1912 15,123 
 
 ASSISTED STATE'S ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Attorney General Stead has uniformly co- 
 operated- with state's attorneys throughout the 
 State in the enforcement of the law. Whenever 
 called upon for counsel and advice, he has 
 promptly responded. He has neither desired nor 
 attempted, however, to supplant the state's 
 attorney in any county, nor override his statutory 
 powers. 
 
 UNOFFICIAL WORK. 
 
 A great mass of the correspondence of the office 
 arises from the insistent demands for opinions on 
 the part of city, village, township and other local 
 authorities and private individuals on matters of 
 general public concern. The law does not require 
 the Attorney General to give opinions to such 
 authorities or to private individuals. The answers 
 to these letters are purely a matter of courtesy 
 on the part of the Attorney General. Attorney 
 General Stead has never refrained from answering 
 all inquiries from this source whenever he could 
 do so consistent with the discharge of his official 
 duties. He has believed that the citizens of the 
 State appreciate that they are receiving a courtesy 
 and that his influence in directing the government 
 in proper channels would be extended to local 
 governmental divisions of the State, as well as to 
 State and county governments. He believes that 
 he has been instrumental in aiding and assisting 
 the citizens of the State in these matters, and if 
 such has been the result, he is not particular 
 whether such assistance be regarded as official 
 or unofficial. 
 
 EFFICIENCY PROVED. 
 
 The success which has attended the handling of 
 the tremendous volume of legal business demon- 
 strates the high order of efficiency which has been 
 
 138 
 
established by Mr. Stead. It is everywhere con- 
 ceded that his administration has been efficient, 
 honest and fearless, and that, through his legal 
 and administrative ability, the Attorney General's 
 office has been elevated to a position of prestige 
 and importance. 
 
 ABLE ASSISTANTS. 
 
 The success of the Attorney General's deparment 
 largely depends upon the character, competency, 
 adaptability and harmonious efforts of the 
 assistants. The actual work of investigating the 
 law, preparing and rendering opinions, and the 
 general routine of the office must, of necessity, be 
 performed by the assistants. The Attorney 
 General, in person, can do little more than shape 
 the policy of the office, direct its affairs, supervise 
 its work, meet the public, and devote himself 
 to cases and matters of extraordinary importance. 
 He must rely upon his assistants and is responsible 
 for what they do. They must be lawyers ot ability, 
 integrity and experience, and furthermore, must 
 be industrious and courteous. 
 
 Attorney General Stead has always surrounded 
 himself with lawyers of this character. In choos- 
 ing his assistants, political considerations have 
 been wholly disregarded. Not one of the assis- 
 tants now in his office applied for a position. Not 
 one of these assistants was appointed because of 
 -his political influence. Each one was selected on 
 account of his ability as a lawyer and fitness for 
 the work. 
 
 EXPERIENCE VALUABLE. 
 
 Attorney General Stead has devoted his entire 
 time and energies to the work of the office. The 
 State has been his only client. His experience 
 is now a valuable asset. He is a candidate upon 
 his record. He is content to be judged by this 
 record of efficiency, honesty and public service. 
 
 LAWRENCE Y. SHERMAN 
 
 Republican Nominee for United States 
 Senator. 
 
 Lawrence Y. Sherman was nominated by the 
 direct primary vote as a Republican candidate 
 for United States Senator in this State with 
 four candidates in the field. Mr. Sherman 
 received nearly 45% of the total vote cast on 
 Senator. He has served as President of the 
 State Board of Administration since August, 
 1C09. This board controls eighteen of the public 
 charities of this State. The service is non-political. 
 Its employes are under civil service, the pay roll is 
 regulated by law, the purchase of supplies and 
 merchandise, building contracts and the re- 
 pairs and improvements other than the small 
 
 139 
 
ones are made on public bids and awards after 
 due advertisement. The board is composed of 
 two Democrats and three Republicans. Its 
 duties are discharged in a businesslike manner. 
 The money is economically and efficiently ex- 
 pended as required by statute. The service is 
 systematized and improved. A saving has been 
 effected as compared with the old method in 
 vogue for many years before the consolidation 
 of the several boards of trustees in a single board 
 of control. Mr. Sherman is the President of the 
 Board of Administration and the executive 
 officer and is so designated by the Governor in 
 the appointment as the statute requires. 
 
 He was elected to the Illinois House of Repre- 
 sentatives in November, 1896, and served four 
 consecutive terms from the present Thirty-second 
 district. He was a resident at that time, and had 
 been for many years, of Macomb, 111. He was 
 Speaker of the House two terms, four years. He 
 was elected Lieutenant Governor in November, 
 1904, and served the full term. He became, by 
 virtue of his election, ex officio President of the 
 State Senate. He actually presided at the 
 several sessions during his entire term and took 
 such part in legislation during those sessions as 
 
 140 
 
the presiding officer properly could. He was 
 seldom absent from the Chair while in the Senate, 
 Mr. Sherman is a native of Ohio. His birth- 
 place is Brown Township, Miami County of that 
 state. His parents came to Illinois before he 
 was one year of age and he has lived continuously 
 in this State since. He spent the first twenty 
 years of his life on a farm, teaching school during 
 the winter, a portion of that time. He attended 
 McKendree college at Lebanon, St. Clair County, 
 during 1879 to 1882. During that time he taught 
 school north of Lebanon in the Emerald Mound 
 District. He worked on the farm during the 
 summers of the years between 1879 and 1882 
 taking up teaching again during the fall. He 
 read law during his three years teaching, carrying 
 his studies as a member of the law class in the 
 college. At the end of the three year period he 
 was admitted to the bar and immediately went 
 to Macomb, Illinois where he remained twenty- 
 three years practicing law and incidentally 
 taking some part in county, district and State 
 politics. He is a Republican and has been from 
 his first vote. He was elected city attorney of 
 Macomb in 1885, was appointed a member of 
 the Board of Education and served as County 
 Judge of McDonough County from 1886 to 
 1890. He remained in private life from 1890 to 
 1896, when he was nominated to the Legislature 
 as heretofore stated. 
 
 WILLIAM E. MASON 
 
 Republican Nominee for Co ngressm a Fl- 
 at- Large. 
 
 William E. Mason, of Chicago, 111., candidate 
 for Congressman - at - Large, served in both 
 branches of the Legislature in Illinois and both 
 branches of Congress; was United States Senator 
 from March 4th, 1897, to March 4th, 1902. 
 
 PURE FOOD. 
 
 Mr. Mason introduced the first resolution six- 
 teen years ago. Took evidence showing adul- 
 teration of foods, and Dr. Wiley says that Mason 
 is the pioneer in this pure food legislation, and 
 says in regard to the Mason Flour Bill, which is 
 a law, that it has practically "cleaned up the 
 adulteration of the flour at the mills." 
 
 POSTAL SAVINGS BANK. 
 
 Twenty-five years Mr. Mason has been writ- 
 ing and speaking for the postal savings bank, 
 and as chairman of the Postoffice Committee, 
 made the first report ever made in the Senate 
 in favor of that proposition. He regards the 
 
 141 
 
passage of that bill as the most progressive 
 legislation for years, and the fact that President 
 Taft saved this bill is proof of its progressive 
 principles. 
 
 ELECTION OF SENATORS BY THE PEOPLE. 
 
 Election of Senators by the people has been 
 supported by Mr. Mason for more than twenty 
 years in the House and in the Senate, and he 
 regards its final submission to the people as 
 another most progressive movement brought 
 about under the administration of Mr. Taft. 
 
 FREE RURAL DELIVERY. 
 
 He was a member of the United States Post- 
 office Committee and a pioneer worker for the 
 free rural delivery. During his term he fought 
 for better pay and better conditions for the 
 carrier, and for all government employes. 
 
 PROTECTION. 
 
 He has always been a consistent Protection- 
 ist and believes in carrying out the recommend- 
 ation of President Taft in establishing a scien- 
 tific non-partisan Tariff Board to determine the 
 actual difference in the cost of production, that 
 
 142 
 
justice may be done to both the manufacturer 
 and consumer. He believes that the great issue 
 in this campaign is whether we will go back to 
 the poverty and soup houses, which we had when 
 our factories were closed from 1892 to 1896; when 
 the laboring man was out of employment, and 
 the farmer was.selling his wheat, corn and oats for 
 about one-half of what they are sold for under 
 protective times. 
 
 1892, all labor employed. Election of Demo- 
 cratic President and Congress. 50% of labor 
 unemployed. Starvation. Treasury deficiency. 
 In 1896, election of William McKinley and now 
 for sixteen years we have had the greatest pros- 
 perity the country has ever known. 
 
 Mr. Mason believes that the really great moral 
 issue is whether the nation will, by disturbing 
 the protective tariff, send the American me- 
 chanic back to the soup houses. In other words, 
 it is not a question of the cost of high living, but 
 a question of whether we will live or starve. 
 
 His bill placed dentists in the United States 
 Army and he fought to give the dentist and the 
 doctor higher recognition in matters of military 
 title and emolument, and he favors conservation, 
 particularly of men, women and children, and 
 has prepared a bill for the establishment of a 
 National board of health, under the direction of a 
 new department, with an addition to the cabinet, 
 to be called the Secretary of the National Health. 
 
 BURNETT M. CHIPERFIELD 
 
 Republican Nominee for Congressman- 
 at-Large. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield was born at Dover, Bureau 
 County, Illinois. His father was a Methodist 
 Clergyman, -and under the rules of that church 
 back in the days when Mr. Chiperfield was a 
 boy the time limit of ministerial residence at any 
 point was three years. His early life was spent 
 in Sandwich, Sterling, Marseilles, Seneca, Rock 
 Falls, Kankakee, Chillicothe and Chicago, at 
 which last named place he lived a number of 
 years. His education was obtained in the com- 
 mon and high schools of the State and at Ham- 
 line University, a Methodist educational in- 
 stitution in Minnesota. During the time he was 
 in ochool, he took up the study of law, and after 
 leaving school continued its study while engaged 
 in other employment. 
 
 After leaving .school he was engaged in survey- 
 ing for some time in the northwest. After that 
 he had charge of the school at Green Prairie, 
 Minn., and subsequently was assistant principal 
 at Cuba, Fulton County, Illinois, for one year. 
 
 143 
 
At 21 he was admitted to the practice of law 
 and has since continuously engaged in that pro- 
 fession in Canton. In 1894 he was elected city 
 attorney. In 1896 he was elected state's 
 attorney of Fulton County, Illinois, the first 
 time this office was ever filled by a Republican. 
 During his terms as city attorney and state's 
 attorney, an acquittal was almost unknown in 
 any case prosecuted by him. 
 
 In 1897, he organized the State's Attorneys' 
 Association of Illinois, and for three years was 
 elected as its president. He is an active member 
 of the Bar Association of Illinois, and has been 
 a member of some of its mo.it important com- 
 mittees. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield is a member of the law firm 
 of Chiperfield & Chiperfield, composed of himself 
 and Judge C. E. Chiperfield. During his prac- 
 tice this firm has successfully handled many of 
 the most important matters arising in this part 
 of the State. 
 
 He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, 
 Odd Fellows, Woodmen, and the Elks. In 1895 
 he was married to Clara L. Ross, of Canton, and 
 their family consists of three children, two sons 
 and a daughter. 
 
 144 
 
Mr. Chiperfield has for some years been much 
 interested in public questions and has been a 
 close student of social and economic conditions. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield was appointed a member of the 
 Board of Trustees of the Western Illinois State 
 Normal School, and there performed a valuable 
 service in the building and establishment of this 
 school. In 1902, he was elected a member of the 
 Legislature from the Forty-third senatorial dis- 
 trict of Illinois, and upon his election, resigned as 
 a member of the Board of Trustees of the Normal 
 School. 
 
 In 1904, Mr. Chiperfield was a candidate for 
 Attorney General, before the famous deadlock 
 convention. He made a strong canvass of the 
 State of Illinois, and was a close competitor of 
 Mr. Stead, who was the nominee. In this race 
 he made many friends, and upon his defeat for 
 this position, took the stump and spoke all over 
 the State of Illinois for the success of the Repub- 
 lican ticket. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield was again elected to the Forty- 
 fifth, Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh sessions of 
 the General Assembly. Ever since his election to 
 that body, he has been recognized as one of its 
 strongest men. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield has been the friend of all labor 
 legislation, and among his most treasured posses- 
 sions, are a large number of official commenda- 
 tions in the warmest terms, from various labor 
 bodies of the State of Illinois. He has often 
 appeared as attorney for various of these labor 
 organizations. 
 
 For the past several sessions of the Legislature, 
 Mr. Chiperfield has been the floor leader for the 
 Republican side of the House. Here he proved 
 himself to be a man of strength. He was respected 
 by his political opponents, and any proposed 
 measure confided to his hands by his associates 
 was certain to be carefully handled. 
 
 It is safe to say that no man on either side of 
 the House, has a more universal knowledge of 
 public matters than Mr. Chiperfield. 
 
 Each time that he has been elected to the 
 Legislature, it has been by increased majorities, 
 and when he announced that he expected to 
 retire from this body, the Republican Committee 
 passed resolutions asking him to reconsider. 
 With Mr. Chiperfield, a promise that he would 
 not again be a candidate was respected, and he 
 refused to allow his name to be used. His record 
 in the Legislature is one of consistent support of 
 good measures, and many of the most important 
 laws which have been placed on the statute books 
 in the past ten years, have either been written or 
 advocated by him. During his campaigns, his 
 opponents have searched to find a single vicious 
 
 145 
 
vote cast for any piece of legislation by him, but 
 in vain. As Mr. Chiperfield leaves his legislative 
 duties, he bears with him the good will of nearly 
 every man, woman and child, of his district. 
 
 His last session was marked by many impor- 
 tant acts, chief among which was his work in 
 connection with the Submerged & Shore Lands 
 Legislative Investigating Committee. Mr. Chip- 
 erfield was of the opinion that a vest amount of 
 public land was in the possession of private 
 individuals and corporations along the public 
 waters of this State. He introduced a resolution 
 calling for an investigation to ascertain if this 
 was the fact. He was appointed chairman and 
 given a capable committee to support him and 
 the work commenced. It continued for months, 
 and the committee made a thorough investigation, 
 and collected a vast amount of data on the subject. 
 
 At the conclusion of the work, Mr. Chiper- 
 field reported to the General Assembly the find- 
 ings of his committee. The report showed 
 clearly that many millions of dollars worth of 
 property had been wrongfully taken. The con- 
 clusions of the committee were published in three 
 volumes containing about one thousand pages. 
 It was the largest report ever presented to, the 
 General Assembly, and it was accompanied by 
 hundreds of maps and exhibits. The report has 
 been sought by the libraries of the world, not 
 only in this country, but abroad. For his work 
 in this behalf Mr. Chiperfield has received much 
 commendation. When Mr. Chiperfield decided 
 to become a candidate for Congressman at Large, 
 for this State, he was opposed by a field of splendid 
 men, any one of whom was well qualified to fill 
 this position. They were most worthy com- 
 petitors, but Mr. Chiperfield carried 79 counties 
 of this State, and had nearly 100,000 plurality 
 over his next nearest competitor. By reason 
 of his large experience in the Illinois Legislature, 
 he is well qualified to represent this State in 
 Congress, and his friends do not hesitate to 
 predict that he will have a useful career in that 
 body, if elected one that will reflect not a little 
 credit on this State. 
 
 Mr. Chiperfield has been for many years a 
 public speaker much in demand. He has given 
 freely of his time in that respect, and has never 
 accepted any remuneration for his services. 
 Throughout the State of Illinois, he has spoken 
 and lectured on the stump, for chautauqua 
 gatherings, schools and colleges, and churches. 
 The demand for his reappearance whenever he 
 has spoken proves the regard in which he is held 
 as a public speaker. No man within the State 
 has a greater demand for such service than Mr. 
 Chiperfield. 
 
 146 
 
ALBERT P. GROUT 
 Republican Nominee for University Trustee. 
 
 Albert P. Grout was born and reared on a 
 typical Vermont farm, where he served a com- 
 plete apprenticeship in everything pertaining 
 to farming in that state. His early education 
 was obtained in the district schools and later at 
 the People's Academy of Morrisville, Vermont. 
 In September, 1869, he entered Dartmouth 
 College and graduated with his class in 1873. 
 
 Shortly after graduation, he came to Illinois, 
 and during his first winter in the State taught a 
 country school near Orleans, in Morgan County. 
 For the following two years he was principal of 
 the Winchester schools. At the expiration of the 
 two years he went to Nebraska and was superin- 
 tendent of the schools of Nebraska City for one 
 year. 
 
 Mr. Grout's early experience on a Vermont 
 farm had not enamored him with the life of a 
 farmer, and he early determined to seek some 
 other business or vocation. Accordingly, during 
 his spare hours while teaching and during vaca- 
 tions, he devoted himself to the study of 
 law and was admitted to practice in Nebraska 
 in the spring of 1877. He practiced his profes- 
 
 147 
 
sion at Syracuse, Nebraska, for about five years. 
 During the time he had charge of the interests 
 of many non-resident land owners, of which 
 there were many in those early days in Nebraska. 
 
 In the fall of 1882, Mr. Grout was elected as a 
 Republican to the legislature from the Demo- 
 cratic county of Otoe, being the only Republican 
 elected from the county at that election. During 
 the session of the legislature he was chairman of 
 the House Committee on Railroads, and of a 
 joint investigating committee of the House 
 and Senate. 
 
 In 1883 Mr. Grout returned to Winchester, 
 where he has since resided. For a tune he was 
 engaged in the title abstract business, but the 
 care of a number of farms and other business 
 soon required his entire time. For a number of 
 years his attention has been largely devoted to 
 farming and stock raising. He has taken an 
 active interest in the agricultural affairs of the 
 state, and in promoting the interests of the Illinois 
 College of Agriculture. He has been a director 
 of the Illinois Farmers' Institute Board almost 
 from its first organization, and at the present 
 time is president. 
 
 For a number of years Mr. Grout was president 
 of the Illinois Live Stock Breeders' Association, 
 and is now president of the Illinois Alfalfa 
 Grower's Association. 
 
 Mr. Grout served on the Republican State 
 Central Committee for one term, and was also 
 for a time Chairman of the Scott County Central 
 Committee. Four years ago he was elected as a 
 Trustee of the University of Illinois to fill an un- 
 expired term. The last Republican State Con- 
 vention renominated him for the same position. 
 
 MRS. CARRIE THOMAS ALEXANDER- 
 
 BAHRENBURG 
 Republican Nominee for University Trustee. 
 
 Carrie Thomas Alexander-Bahrenburg was born 
 and reared in Belleville, St. Clair County, Illinois. 
 
 Her father was the late Col. John Thomas who 
 was one of the most promient and influential 
 citizens of Illinois. Coming to St. Clair County 
 in 1818 he settled near Shiloh. He served with 
 Lincoln in the Black Hawk War and was a mem- 
 ber of the last Legislature held at Vandalia and 
 the first at Springfield. Politically, in early and 
 middle life he was a* Whig. Later he became 
 one of the founders of the Republican party, 
 with which he remained affiliated until his death 
 at the ripe old age of 94. 
 
 Mrs. Bahrenburg attended the public schools 
 of Belleville, where she was graduated with 
 honors. She later graduated with highest honors 
 of her class at Montlcello Seminary at Godfrey, 
 
Illinois. She later supplemented her school 
 accomplishments by travel abroad, spending two 
 years in study and travel in Europe, from where 
 she returned with her already liberal mind 
 broadened by contact by mental association 
 with our brothers and sisters across the sea. 
 
 She was married to the late Henry Alexander, 
 and after his death assumed control and manage- 
 ment of the Belleville Street Car Line, which 
 she managed successfully for several years, the 
 only instance on record where a woman actually 
 operated a street railway. 
 
 She served as department president of the 
 Woman's Relief Corps in 1898-99. She organized 
 and was matron for four years of the Belleville 
 chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star. She 
 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees 
 of the State University in 1890 and again in 1906. 
 So mindful has she been of the people's interests 
 in this position that she is frequently referred 
 to as the "watch dog of the University." 
 
 She believes in an economic and efficient admin- 
 istration of the public funds and during her 
 official incumbency has made many friends by 
 her courage in opposing the improper expendi- 
 ture of tax moneys garnered from the hard 
 earnings of the toilers and producers. 
 
 149 
 
It is needless to say that Mrs. Bahrenburg has 
 ever since young womanhood taken an active 
 interest in politics, so far as conditions allowed 
 a woman to be so interested. She is an ardent 
 believer in the principles of the Republican party, 
 and has always freely expressed her opinion and 
 views on matters of public interest. Her posi- 
 tion on questions of importance is known to be 
 sound, and the result of honest conviction. 
 
 Her reputation as an active and earnest 
 advocate of the G. A. R., the Women's Relief 
 Corps and a large number of organizations of 
 particular interest to women is more than state- 
 wide, and she is not only an enthusiastic worker, 
 but an able and pleasing speaker, as well. She 
 is and has been for many years a director of 
 the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has ever manifested 
 a deep interest in educational affairs and has been 
 associated in everything which would tend to 
 elevate and improve the condition of the youth 
 of the land, as well as the people in general, of 
 every phase and condition in life. She is in 
 every particular an able woman and is warmly 
 and enthusiastically in favor of the education 
 of the masses, believing and realizing that there- 
 in lies the future hope and perpetuation of 
 American free institutions. She has ever been 
 awake to the demands of the times, giving aid to 
 every measure which tended to the public good. 
 
 Mrs. Bahrenburg was married to Dr. "VYm. 
 Bahrenburg, a widely known practicing physician 
 of Belleville, on July 3, 1909, in which city she 
 and her worthy husband reside. Notwithstand- 
 ing her varied activities she shines in the home as 
 an excellent household manager, a charming and 
 popular matron and an ideal wife. She is a 
 living refutation of the statement that the woman 
 interested in political matters must necessarily 
 neglect her home. The Bahrenburg home life 
 is ideal. 
 
 Mrs. Bahrenburg is in every way fitted for 
 the duties of University Trustee, possessing a 
 knowledge of public schools of every grade, 
 thoroughly acquainted with all branches of 
 education, having a wide experience in public 
 affairs, tending to the promotion of the general 
 good of the Commonwealth, and capable in every 
 respect. She is popular, not only within her 
 own party, but within the ranks of the Demo- 
 cratic party as well, where there are many voters 
 who at the coming November election will cast 
 their votes for this worthy and able w T oman for 
 the position she seeks. She will be elected because 
 she deserves to be. 
 
 150 
 
P. A. PETERSON 
 Candidate for University Trustee 
 
 P. A. Peterson passed his childhood days and 
 his early manhood on a farm a few miles south- 
 east of Rockford, 111. A veritable human dyna- 
 mo of energy, the small farm did not long con- 
 fine him after reaching man's estate. The few 
 acres were disposed of, the family moved to 
 Rockford and with the securing of employment 
 in the only furniture factory in the city by the 
 son, the latter's rise into national prominence as 
 a manufacturer and the development of the furn- 
 iture industry of Rockford began simultaneously. 
 
 Within a few years he was at the head of a 
 growing plant. As the years went by he launched 
 others and he has continued building until today 
 he is the actual or nominal head of nearly two 
 score concerns allied with the furniture trade, 
 and through his industry, far-sightedness and 
 business and executive ability, Rockford today 
 stands no lower than second city of the country 
 in the furniture line. 
 
 His acumen in the manufacturing world has 
 been attested by his being chosen president of 
 the State Association of Manufacturers and 
 
 151 
 
Shippers of Illinois at a recent meeting and as 
 a financier his ability is recognized by the lead- 
 ing bankers of the country. 
 
 Of late years Mr. Peterson has found time to 
 devote considerable attention to the mercantile 
 end of his, home city, having erected several 
 mammoth business blocks and identified himself 
 with a number of local institutions of both a 
 mercantile and public as well as philanthropic 
 and charitable nature. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Peterson are members of Trinity 
 Lutheran church, active in public work and alive 
 to the interests of the present generation. 
 Though often urged to accept public office, 
 Mr. Peterson has steadily refused the honors 
 of that nature proffered him by his admiring 
 home constituency. 
 
 REPUBLICAN STATE COMMITTEE 
 Room 511, Hotel La Salle, Chicago, 111. 
 
 152 
 
/ T*HIS book is worth sav- 
 -- ing. It is an authentic 
 compendium of the facts 
 about your State. Read it 
 in connection with this 
 campaign; then put it in 
 your library for future ref- 
 erence. Let your children 
 studv it. 
 

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 353.9IL641R C 001 
 
 THE RECORD IN ILLINOIS CHGO 
 
 30112025301521