W-G* t-T- l^f^f^JL^ STATE OF ILLINOIS HENRY HORNER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— NO. 43 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 A Preliminary Statistical Summary and Economic Review Walter H. Voskuil, Alma R. Sweeny and W. A. Newton J.S PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1936 MACHIN DEPARTP NAT Edson S. Bastin, Ph. I William A. Noyes, Pr Chem.D., D.Sc., Che John W. Alvord, C.E. William Trelease, D Biology LIBRARY. ,TION 3N JD., D.Sc. d, D.Engr., he University of STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Urban a M. M. Leighton, Ph.D., Chief Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Coal G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist L. C. McCabe, M.S. James Schopf, M.S. Non-Fuels J. E. Lamar, B. S. H. B. Willman, Ph.D Oil and Gas A. H. Bell, Ph.D. G. V. Cohee, M.S. Areal and Engineering Geology George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. Subsurface Geology L. E. Workman, M.S. J. Norman Payne, M.A. Donald G. Sutton, M. S. Stratigraphy and Paleontology J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D. Petrography Ralph E. GRiM, r Ph.D. Physics R. J. PlERSOL, Ph.D. M. C. Watson, Ph.D. Donald O. Holland, M. S. GEOCHEMISTRY Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist W. F. Bradley, Ph.D. G. C. Finger, M.S. Fuels Gilbert Thiessen, Ph.D. P. E. Grotts, B.S. Non-Fuels J. S. Machin, Ph.D. F. V. Tooley, M.S. Analytical O. W. Rees, Ph.D. J. W. Robinson, B.S. L. D. McVicker, B.S. Carl Westerberg, B.S. MINERAL ECONOMICS W. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral Economist W. A. Newton, B.S. EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION Don L. Carroll, B.S. PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D. Dorothy Rose, B.S. Alma R. Sweeny, A.B. Meredith M. Calkins TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING (In cooperation with the United States Geological Survey) CONSULTING STAFF Ceramics Cullen Warner Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, University of Illinois Pleistocene Invertebrate Paleontology Frank Collins Baker, B.S., University of Illinois (18157) ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00005 6642 Contents Page Introduction 7 Coal 9 Review of production 9 Distribution of coal in the Illinois coal market area 9 Illinois coal shipments to Wisconsin 14 Coal production in other states within the Illinois coal market area 21 Strip-mined coal in Illinois 21 Fuel briquets 22 Trend in natural gas consumption 22 Fuel oil 22 Petroleum 25 Production and price 25 The consumption of major petroleum products 25 Building industry 27 Clay products industry 33 Portland cement 43 Fluorspar 45 Stocks at mines 47 Imports 47 Agricultural limestone 49 Other non-metallic products 59 [3] ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURViiY LIBRARY "PR 2 6 Illustrations Figure Page 1. Comparative values of structural clay products, pottery, and building permits. ... 34 2. Common brick in Illinois — shipments, value of shipments, and stocks on hand at end of month, 1934-1935 36 3. Face brick in Illinois — shipments, value of shipments, and stocks on hand at end of month, 1934-1935 38 4. Hollow building tile in Illinois — shipments, value of shipments, and stocks on hand at end of month, 1934-1935 39 5. Consumption of agricultural limestone, by counties, for 1935 52 6. Consumption of agricultural limestone in pounds per acre, by counties, for 1935 . . 53 7. Average consumption of limestone on crop lands, in pounds per acre, by districts (see Fig. 8), 1926-1935 57 8. Index map of Illinois showing location of districts according to which production of sand and gravel (Table 40) and limestone (Table 41) are given 60 [4] Tables Page 1. Preliminary summary of production and value of Illinois minerals, 1934-1935 .... 8 2. Summary of coal production, 1933-1935 9 3. Bituminous coal production by shipping mines in Illinois by counties and months for 1935 10 4. Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky and from the Appalachians (exclusive of railroad fuel). . 12 5. Origin and destination of coal into the Illinois coal market area by percentages of total shipments, 1930-1935 15 6. Shipments of coal from central and southern Illinois and from northern Illinois to Wisconsin 19 7. Coal production in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and the Dakotas 21 8. Strip-mined coal in Illinois, 1929-1935 21 9. Briquets consumed for domestic fuel in the Illinois coal market area, 1931-1935 . . 22 10. Consumption of gas oil and fuel oil in the Illinois coal market area in 1935 23 11. Consumption of gas oil and fuel oil in the Illinois coal market area in 1930. ... 23 12. Petroleum produced in Illinois in 1934-1935 25 13. Consumption of major petroleum products, 1926-1935 25 14. Value of building permits in 16 Illinois cities and St. Louis, Missouri 27 15. Comparison of building activity in 811 U. S. cities, 1934-1935 27 16. Value of building permits of six groups of Illinois cities from 1920 to 1935. ... 28 17. Value of building permits for 37 states east of Rocky Mountains 29 18. Number of family-dwelling units provided in 811 cities 30 19. Construction contracts awarded in 37 states east of the Rocky Mountains, com- paring the first two months of 1936 and 1935 30 20. Value of building permits in 16 Illinois cities, by months, 1935-1936 31 21. Value of clay products, 1932 to 1935 33 22. Production of clay products, by classes, 1935 34 23. Production of certain types of clay products, by districts, 1935 35 24. Shipments of common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile in Illinois by years, 1932-1935 37 25. Supply of stocks on hand at end of year, in terms of months, 1932-1935 40 26. Shipments of common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile in Illinois in 1935 41 27. Shipments of common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile in Illinois in first six months of 1936 42 28. Shipments of cement, in barrels, value, and consumption in Illinois, 1928-1935. . 43 29. Portland cement consumption in Illinois, 1933-1935 43 30. Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois and Kentucky, 1934-1935 46 31. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1934-1935, by kinds 46 32. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1934-1935, by uses 46 [5] 33. Fluorspar imported into the United States, 1934-1935, by countries 47 34. Imported fluorspar delivered to consumers in the United States in 1934 and 1935 48 35. Agricultural limestone consumed in Illinois, 1930-1935 49 36. Tonnage of agricultural limestone used in Illinois during 1934 and 1935 50 37. Consumption of limestone on crop land, by counties 54 38. Agricultural limestone produced in other states and marketed in Illinois, 1931- 1935 58 39. Agricultural limestone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1931- 1935 58 40. Production of sand and gravel in Illinois by districts, 1933-1935 61 41. Production of limestone in Illinois by districts, 1933-1935 62 [6] ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 A PRELIMINARY STATISTICAL SUMMARY AND ECONOMIC REVIEW Walter H. Voskuil, Alma R. Sweeny and W. A. Newton INTRODUCTION THIS REPORT, which presents the fundamental statistics in the distribution and consumption of the major mineral products of the State, is made possible through the cooperation of the United States Bureau of Mines and the Bureau of the Census of the United States Department of Commerce, through the active collection and publication of coal statistics by the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and through the generous cooperation of the mineral pro- ducers of the State in responding to requests for information. The quantity and value of mineral output in Illinois in 1934 and 1935 is shown in Table 1. There was increased activity in all branches of the mineral industry during the year 1935. Severe winter weather not only increased coal shipments but re- sulted in an early depletion of coal stocks in the Upper Lake docks with a conse- quent increased demand upon Illinois and Indiana fields. Revival of the steel industry increased operations in the fluorspar district of the State. Stocks on hand were substantially reduced and the statistical position of the industry is considerably improved. The clay products industry is gradually bringing about a reduction of ex- cessive stocks and with increasing building activity, production schedules can soon be increased. Increased construction activity also improved the demand for sand, gravel, limestone, and cement. [7] illinois mineral industry in 193 5 Table 1. — Preliminary Summary of Production and Value of Illinois Minerals, 1934-1935 Product Coal Pig Iron Clay products Coke Cement, Portland (barrels) Sand and gravel (total) Structural sand Paving and roadmaking sand.. Glass sand Moulding sand Railroad ballast sand Grinding, polishing and blast sand Engine sand Fire or furnace sand Other sands Structural gravel Paving and roadmaking gravel Railroad ballast gravel Other gravel Petroleum (barrels) Limestone (total) Road metal and concrete. . . . Flux Railroad ballast Rip-rap Rubble Agriculture ■ Other uses Mineral paints, zinc and lead pigments Natural gasoline (gallons) Natural gas (M. cu. ft.) Lime (total) Building Tanneries Metallurgy Paper mills Other uses Fluorspar Quartz (silica) Clay (raw) Tripoli Lead and silver Sandstone Zinc Pvrites 1934 Tons 41,272,384 1,430,841 1,649,907 3,908,107 6,174,202 606,354 1,014,805 448,804 347,078 161,348 107,366 39,000 ( a ) 123,129 602,212 2,265,690 291,166 167,250 4,479,000 3,901,560 2,667,242 257,650 228,517 192,360 68,450 448,810 38,531 3,733,307 86,679 14,113 ( a ) ( a ) 3,121 69,445 33,234 50,748 69,921 7,417 3,900 Value $64,238,000 25,357,717 5,945,199 9,071,800 5,498,568 3,373,690 302,558 419,832 449,832 320,242 65,774 334,953 21,546 ( a ) 125,675 315,864 872,444 62,193 82,777 2,881,651 1,963,405 149,225 150,263 207,751 47,690 291,761 71,556 182,771 655,359 120,079 ( a ) ( a ) 20,427 514,853 567,396 285,849 160,537 119,418 3,160 5,761 1935 Tons 43,845,000 2,224,132 1,668,523 3,276,970 8,354,473 1,158 015 901,428 470,546 465,871 411,333 115,293 45,809 ( a ) 144,585 1,376,076 2,312,064 822,589 130,864 4,305,000 4,027,838 2,516,494 337,618 389,646 213,498 39,935 320,080 210,567 117,602 17,078 ( a ) 35,219 8,230 57,077 44,120 66,492 98,743 10,001 18,400 Value $70,152,000 39,092,488 6,820,145 9,628,162 4,500,897 4,276,342 454,427 387,925 554,322 439,194 118,811 367,302 25,820 ( a ) 108,851 613,573 908,718 250,416 46,983 4,864,465 2,927,381 1,742,168 177,131 257,572 213,882 45,990 221,704 268,934 878,746 146,201 ( a ) 234,075 46,201 452,069 685,794 370,488 278,658 113,484 12,869 1,114 Total . $97,479,159 $105,509,437 Included in other uses. COAL COAL Review of production. — Coal production rose from 11.5 per cent of the national total in 1934 to 11.9 per cent of the national total in 1935 (Table 2). The high point of Illinois percentage of the total was 16.7 per cent in 1921, while the low point occurred in 1927 when it was 9.0 per cent. This, however, was an abnormal year due to suspension of mining operations during- part of the year. During the period 1919 to 1935 the average share by Illinois of the total coal demand was 12.7 per cent. Table 2 — Summary of C (In thousan oal Production, 1933 ds of net tons) -1935 Year United States Illinois Illinois per cent of total 1933 1934 1935( a ) 333,631 359,368 369,324 37,413 41,272 43,845 11.2 11.5 11.9 a Preliminary figures. The production of shipping mines in Illinois, by months, as shown by the Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, is given in Table 3. Distribution of coal in the Illinois coal market area. — Table 4 gives a summary of all- rail revenue coal (exclusive of railway fuel) shipped into the Illinois coal market area by market districts in 1934 and 1935. Shipments of coal from central and southern Illinois to Chicago increased substantially over 1934 and show a continuous increase since 1932, while shipments from western Kentucky and Indiana have remained practically constant. Ship- ments from western Kentucky to Illinois outside of Chicago dropped off sub- stantially although coal consumption increased. Most of the increase was supplied by Illinois mines. The principal eastern competitors of Illinois coal in the Chicago market, the New River-Winding Gulf and the Poeahontas-Tug River fields in West Virginia, still show increased shipments each year. Harlan and Hazard fields in eastern Kentucky, while not as large shippers of coal as the West Virginia fields, have doubled their shipments to Chicago since 1932. Kanawha (West Virginia), Logan, and Kenova-Thacker fields show a small decline in 1935 shipments as com- pared to 1934. Shipments of Illinois coal to Milwaukee, although small, trebled from 1934 to 1935, and increased substantially in other Wisconsin territory. Ill illinois mineral industry in 1935 Table 3. — Bituminous Coal Production by Shipping Mines in County January February March April May Christian Clinton Franklin Fulton Henry Jackson LaSalle Macoupin Madison Marion Montgomery. . . Peoria Perry Randolph Saline Sangamon St. Clair Tazewell Vermilion Washington. . . . Williamson. . . . Woodford Other Counties. Total. . Strip Mines. Shaft Mines 405 , 147 42,795 985,397 207,230 45,289 132,300 26,026 370,476 218,505 39,844 63,379 144,012 349,906 47,624 401,751 293,218 274,422 25,353 201,628 46,029 276,190 15,562 190,737 386,249 28,319 772,733 186,248 42,339 132,342 20,234 367,625 187,860 33,575 55,952 128,977 365,625 44,933 373,173 286,577 226,826 20 197 179 140 42,330 251,601 13,632 177,714 420,207 28,584 958,253 203,354 50,113 113,592 23,216 418,177 164,948 45,588 69,082 133,372 403,757 81,198 350,309 321,029 221,436 18,163 222,042 45,225 333,519 12,189 181,754 261,399 4,572 270,532 90,748 39,775 76,792 15,190 169,257 87,218 ( b ) 67,780 183,157 12,354 100,308 67,865 72,560 11,199 113,457 15,008 114,596 ( b ) 133,775 296,322 5,124 434,454 114,744 33,841 63,428 13,804 289,659 29,548 ( b ) 34,351 96,770 203,161 40,690 134,201 128,448 75,439 ( b ) 135,506 20,131 154,599 ( b ) 112,044 4,802,820 673,614 4,129,206 4,342,183 671,973 3,670,210 4,819,107 721,717 4,097,390 1,908,115 426,912 1,481,203 2,41.6,264 447,765 1,968,499 a Compiled from Coal Report for 1935, Illinois State Department of Manes and Minerals. b Tonnage included in other counties. Illinois, by Counties and Months, for 1935 a (In net tons) 11 June July August September October November December 1935 Total 345,349 268,054 296,129 213,400 355,120 278,060 384,924 3,910,360 ( b ) ( b ) 11,840 19,324 32,751 19,226 40,831 233,366 614,510 260,216 433,406 494,763 1,001,107 820,938 942,672 7,988,981 104,310 133,955 118,223 109,918 217,148 194,423 215,185 1,895,486 45,256 38,116 46,720 39,889 58,597 51,739 55,609 547,283 71,566 70,158 105,204 89,621 171,579 99,399 145,771 1,271,752 8,077 4,886 14,724 21,837 32,896 29,244 33,145 243,279 304,818 212,882 223,998 279,922 296,972 337,718 401,135 3,672,639 64,998 41,586 56,274 105,901 170,211 137,551 180,567 1,445,167 ( b ) ( b ) 16,197 20,919 39,538 40,414 43,839 279,914 35,816 27,977 33,857 43,361 45,599 53,384 63 , 148 526,206 ( b ) ( b ) 37,020 71,326 129,694 108,164 141,034 1,058,149 245,858 163,998 179,549 159,433 371,547 287,096 348,225 3,261,312 47,305 16,729 17,793 48,886 40,220 61,858 63,158 522,748 160,885 124,767 180,224 280,849 350,420 290,237 400,201 3,147,325 117,973 64,306 81,559 169,933 235,491 276,180 291,673 2,334,252 101,849 69,760 95,881 154,306 236,986 189,103 254,887 1,973,455 ( b ) ( b ) 2,816 14,297 13,699 15,114 19,997 140,817 136,613 82,035 63,581 89,867 136,437 120,868 175,753 1,674,927 29,004 15,731 15,264 15,632 49,\247 39,482 41,323 374,406 220,229 145,573 172,524 164,895 365,612 298,764 273,545 2:771,647 ( b ) ( b ) ( b ) 8,908 13,227 9,729 13,042 86,289 233,547 140,801 84,765 126,066 169,917 183,587 234,231 1,968,388 2,887,963 1,881,530 2,287,548 2,743,253 4,534,015 3,942,278 4,763,895 41,328,971 505,368 414,361 454,974 425,513 796,033 712,170 803,640 7,054,040 2,382,595 1,467,169 1,832,574 2,317,740 3,737,982 3,230,108 3,960,255 34,274,931 12 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 4. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments From (Exclusive of Non-Revenue From Chicago, Illinois llinois, other Mil- waukee, Wis. Wis- consin, other Council Bluffs, Iowa 1934 Western Pennsylvania 19,858 31,455 10,864 2,120 3,201 865,362 5,987,987 812,537 86,865 1,136,387 1,530 4,674 7,555 340 413 92 496 2,586 1,323 944 493 42,798 534,235 43,192 25,941 46,481 Altoona, Somerset-Meyersdale and Cumberland-Piedmont. . Fairmont (W. Va.) 772 Northern and Eastern Ohio. . . . Southern Ohio 280 105,197 417,313 236,818 14,051 279,383 248 1,720,818 5,697,164 1,005,808 334,767 Kanawha, (W. Va.) Logan, and Kenova-Thacker (W. Va.- E. Ky.) 1,421 122,516 601 1 274 New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and Mc- Roberts 77 Virginia Harlan and Hazard (E. Ky.) . . . Ex River Coal 1,513 618 Northern Illinois 660,261 5,013,206 2,778,257 560,775 162 16,293 46,403 1,442 53,130 665,931 471,015 301,323 44 Central and Southern Illinois. . Indiana 42,455 1 466 Western Kentucky 7,707 Total 17,969,135 9,825,606 191,196 2,189,888 54 413 1935 Western Pennsylvania Altoona, Somerset-Meyersdale and Cumberland-Piedmont. . Fairmont (W. Va.) Northern and Eastern Ohio. . . . Southern Ohio Kanawha (W. Va.), Logan and Kenova-Thacker (W. Va.- E. Ky.)...,... New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and Mc- Roberts Virginia Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachians Ex-River Coal Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois. . Indiana Western Kentucky Total. 51 ,515 45 ,379 11 ,825 929 1 ,762 718 ,957 6,379 ,274 793 ,829 116 ,018 1,950 ,545 470 461 ,974 5,659 ,803 2,859 ,975 603 ,154 19,655 ,409 45 5,471 4,159 87 104,602 378,286 122,093 15,855 342,080 1,877,469 6,440,315 1,032,359 357,087 10,679,908 372 1,879 122,155 1,180 43 2,130 1,132 47,765 72,820 1,720 251,196 647 5,403 940 1,098 228 42,616 534,217 35,982 34,288 46,306 83,978 1,043,677 418,830 285,069 2,533,279 733 1,230 98 834 46,533 153 6,180 55,761 Data from U. S. Bureau of Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Reports. Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky and From the Appalachians Railroad Fuel) 21 13 Iowa, other Kan- Mis- Kan- Ne- South St. Louis, sas St. souri, sas, braska, Minne- Da- Missouri City Joseph other other other sota kota North Da- kota 1934 521 3,331 17 859 172 4,509 475 239 100 25,194 139,063 28,162 8,630 38,661 38 1,454 167 73 3,011 2,313 417 2,008 1,261 1,508 4,453 487 179,372 42,399 59,558 177,011 183 6,258 2,819 681 1,737 218 438 393 716 2,979 17,995 4,379 363 8,890 86,465 158,901 4,142 50 375,048 1,820 1,302 311,550 96 2,939,703 44,528 96,051 50,118 374,372 149,836 72,039 1,827 100,772 24,064 26,947 1 ,350,047 361,770 268,983 3,813 97 189 21,193 790,262 1,310 113,548 13,833 114,712 4,906 15,138 1,234 491 3,524 3,107,063 3,369,118 5,025 21,610 914,185 15,312 139,113 891,570 189,948 5,249 1935 271 296 4,750 843 75 447 20,919 141,361 27,991 8,786 47,237 5,261 2,073 3,412 1,050 339 2,362 1,662 1,393 1,313 201 40 5,907 3,800 195,376 64,248 75,307 138,189 2,493 1,078 1,130 83 442 115 729 2,089 15,671 3,174 952 7,531 86,619 172,292 4,340 474,453 7,606 2,089 1,695 376,410 479 3,067,025 47,996 86,135 240 892,121 2,804 66,584 19,387 235 130,938 3,494 14,322 64,658 435,626 134,936 58,114 625 121,804 10,413 26,957 1,503,507 401,107 299,576 4,606 152 50 33,267 1,796 181 4,531 3,530,992 3,490,397 5,858 33,606 970,901 21,132 153,363 946,039 190,770 6,508 14 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 5 shows the origin and destination of coal into the Illinois coal market area, by percentages of total shipments received, for the past six years. Only fields shipping more than one per cent of the total all-rail shipments are included. The table of shipments to Chicago, for example, shows a slow decline after 1932, the year of prolonged suspension of mining in Illinois, for all important fields except two. These two fields are Harlan and Hazard, and Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. The Illinois fields have regained a portion of the Chicago market since the low period of 1932 but Indiana and Kentucky, the two competitors in the Eastern Interior field, have not. However, there was a substantial increase in shipments from these two fields between 1930 and 1932 and much of this gain is still being held. A further study of these tables shows that the principal competition of the eastern coal fields is localized mainly in the Chicago market area, in Wisconsin, and in Minnesota. A considerable portion of this probably represents coal used for domestic heating. The consumption of fuels for domestic heating in this area, including fuel oil and natural gas, is approximately equivalent to 14 or 15 million tons of coal. Only a small part of this is shared by Illinois fields. Illinois coal shipments to Wisconsin. — An interesting feature of coal distribution since 1930 is the increasing shipments of coal from Illinois to Wiscon- sin. The heaviest coal consumption in Wisconsin is in the lake shore counties and secondly, in the southern part of the state. The lake shore market has long been dominated by shipments from eastern fields over the lakes. Nevertheless, coal from southern Illinois is being marketed in small but increasing quantities in the Mil- waukee market and has made substantial gains in other Wisconsin markets. The record of revenue rail shipments from Illinois into this territorv is shown in Table 6. COAL 1 5 Table 5.— Origin and Destination of Coal into the Illinois Coal Market Area, by Percentages of Total Shipments, 1930-1935 (Shipments less than 1 per cent not included) From 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Shipments to Chicago Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total 5.51 5.06 4.99 4.85 4.81 32.05 33.9 35.90 33.50 33 . 30 5.85 4.17 2.97 3.94 4.52 11.20 9.45 6.30 7.32 6.32 2.30 2.87 3.64 3.52 3.68 29.80 30.2 23.3 27.80 27.90 5.81 10.1 16.41 15.30 15.46 2.64 2.98 6.05 3.15 3.12 4.84 1.27 .44 .62 .89 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 3.66 32.42 4.04 9.96 2.59 28.82 14.51 3.06 .94 100.00 Shipments to Other Illinois Points Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River 1.47 2.72 3.95 1.12 5.51 10.52 61.4 9.8 4.8 .18 1.76 3.69 2.16 5.06 12.26 53.70 11.28 9.89 .20 1.42 4.35 2.50 4.27 13.49 57.90 11.09 4.77 .21 1.07 4.25 2.40 2.84 17.50 57.90 10.20 3.40 .44 .98 3.54 Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . 1.14 Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Northern Illinois 4.08 11.48 65.5 9.36 6.36 1.75 3.20 17.60 Central and Southern Illinois 60.40 Indiana. Western Kentucky 9.70 3.35 Other Fields .09 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Shipments to Milwaukee Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker 4.21 71.0 2.65 1.02 1.57 10.35 7.12 1.07 1.01 2.86 74.3 1.51 2.0 9.58 7.12 1.58 1.05 1.98 76.5 New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts . . Virginia 77.7 64.10 48.60 1.17 2.16 5.44 9.00 2.30 1.45 Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians 1.32 4.35 11.50 3.14 1.99 Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky 8.52 24.30 19.50 29.00 Other Fields 3.08 2.90 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 16 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 5. — Origin and Destination of Coal {Continued) From 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Shipments to Other Wisconsin Points Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas — Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Virginia Hazard, Harlan and Southern Appa- lachians Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total. 10.50 32.10 8.6 .47 19.6 7.46 10.1 -2t 17 100.00 4.48 29.3 5.5 1.21 3.24 24.8 14.06 16.41 .10 100.00 4.26 32.39 4.24 1.75 3.64 19.4 17.38 15.71 1.23 100.00 3.32 30.80 3.62 1.37 3.70 23.61 19.41 13.40 .77 100.00 1.95 24.4 1.97 1.18 2.12 2.42 30.40 21.52 13.71 .33 100.00 1.68 21.20 1.42 1.35 1.83 3.31 41.10 16.51 11.30 .33 100.00 Shipments to Council Bluffs, Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total. 58 65.9 2.17 28.8 1.55 100.00 2.92 1.34 70.5 3.99 20.2 1.05 100.00 Iowa 2.96 1.50 77.0 1.91 15.4 1.23 100.00 3.28 2.1 75.20 1.11 16.10 2.56 100.00 2.34 1.13 78.00 2.70 14.15 1.68 100.00 2.20 1.50 83.40 11.1 1.80 100.00 Shipments to Other Iowa Points Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Northern Illinois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total. 7.75 2.60 6.11 13.0 3.76 45.95 8.2 11.98 .65 100.00 6.78 2.54 6.3 12.51 5.48 45.1 9.45 11.2 .64 100.00 7.37 2.54 6.00 13.8 5.2 37.8 8.86 18.11 .32 100.00 6.62 2.76 5.41 13.50 8.50 40.90 9.00 12.70 .61 100.00 5.77 2.78 5.10 12.09 10.01 43.49 11.62 8.65 .49 100.00 1.00 5.40 2.46 4.88 13.40 10.68 42.50 11.30 8.30 .08 100.00 Table 5. — Origin and Destination of Coal (Continued) 17 From 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Shipments to St. Louis, Missouri Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas— Tug River 1.34 2.39 4.45 87.3 2.6 5.7 86.75 1.11 1.98 5.58 77.8 1.90 11.50 .13 1.37 2.10 5.76 84.50 1.94 3.97 .36 1.26 1.77 5.25 87.20 1.32 2.85 .35 1.84 2.16 Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Central and Southern Illinois Indiana 3.96 87.90 1.37 Western Kentucky Other Fields 3.5 1.02 2.92 2.03 2.46 .31 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Shipments to Kansas City, Missouri Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Meyersdale and Cumberland-Pied- mont Central and Southern Illinois 1.36 98. 2.05 97.5 9.24 89.4 12.45 84.65 2.05 17.10 76.00 1.93 3.76 1.30 17.91 78.50 Indiana 2.6 Western Kentucky .99 Other Fields .64 .45 1.36 .85 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Shipments to St. Joseph, Missouri Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Meyersdale and Cumberland-Pied- mont Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker Central and Southern Illinois Other Fields Total 1.18 1.94 96.2 .68 1.84 1.85 1.65 1.00 1.00 95.2 2.96 98.00 .15 97.90 .45 99.00 99.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Shipments to Other Missouri Points Central and Southern Illinois Indiana 82.8 1.12 14.55 1.53 84.5 75.0 83.20 86.50 91.90 Western Kentucky 13.5 2.0 23.2 1.8 15.33 1.47 12.52 .98 6.85 Other Fields 1.25 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 5. — Origin and Destination of Coal {Continued) From 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Shipments to Other Kansas Points Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Meyersdale and Cumberland-Pied- mont New River-Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River 2.86 3.29 7.34 7.25 8.25 1.25 7.87 Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians 5.21 89.4 1.73 Central and Southern Illinois Indiana 95.2 90.0 92.00 90.50 91.70 Western Kentucky 1.00 1.66 Other Fields .80 1.51 .75 .43 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Shipments to Other Nebraska Points Central Pennsylvania, Somerset- Meyersdale and Cumberland-Pied- mont Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova- Thacker Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total. 2.0 2.52 82.4 4.16 7.64 1.28 100.00 1.31 2.41 82.5 3.91 8.11 1.76 100.00 1.53 80.9 4.21 11.61 1.75 100.00 1.00 81.30 3.94 12.19 1.57 100.00 1.08 82.50 3.52 10.89 2.01 100.00 1.12 85.30 2.27 9.34 1.97 100.00 Shipments to Minnesota Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River- Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River 3.04 14.1 5.55 5.10 13.31 42.9 4.93 9.35 1.72 2.34 16.45 5.06 4.65 15.28 37.67 8.80 8.65 1.10 2.58 20.59 4,28 5.14 11.00 30.19 11.49 13.50 1.23 3.42 21.61 4.40 4.95 6.78 32.62 15.12 9.49 1.61 2.82 15.60 3.16 4.34 5.61 42.00 16.80 8.08 1.59 2.21 14.95 Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians 2.96 5.00 Northern Illinois 6.82 Central and Southern Illinois 46.00 Indiana 14.20 Western Kentucky Other Fields 6.14 1.72 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 COAL 19 Table 5 — Origin and Destination of Coal {Concluded) From 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Shipments to South Dakota Kanawha, Logan, and Kenova-Thacker New River- Winding Gulf and Poca- hontas-Tug River Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts. . Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appa- lachians Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Other Fields Total. 5.17 8.86 54.8 12.0 1.8* 100.00 3.20 10.51 6.93 7.4 54.25 16.11 1.60 100.00 2.13 14. 2. 5. 45. 1. 25.91 2.00 100.00 2.26 14.64 4.10 6.54 43.00 9.84 17.75 1.87 100.00 1.57 9.47 2.31 4.69 52.60 12.68 14.20 2.48 100.00 1.10 8.20 1.66 3.95 63.85 5.46 14.11 1.67 100.00 Shipments to North Dakota Northern Illinois 2.2 11.50 3.60 82.7 Central and Southern Illinois 28.09 18.05 53.35 .51 40.5 4.05 55.5 .40 16.73 14.6 68.67 24.07 9.39 66.54 27.60 Indiana 2.80 Western Kentucky Other Fields 69.60 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Table 6. -Shipments of Coal from Central and Southern Illinois and from Northern Illinois to Wisconsin To Other Wisconsin Points (Tons) From Central and Southern Illinois 1930 33,999 23,875 11,297 10,872 16,293 47,765 612,478 1931 1932 443,930 321,495 1933 1934 1935 409,127 665,931 1,043,677 From Northern Illinois 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 154 162 1,132 20 ,268 9 759 14 632 16 812 53 130 83 978 20 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 The rapid gain in shipments from 1932, the low year, to 1935 cannot be accounted for solely by reviving industrial activity. Nor are the large shipments in 1935 explained by severe weather conditions since the cold winter weather of 1935-1936 had not yet affected coal shipments in December of 1935. A probable explanation is the changing trend in consumer habits. It must be borne in mind that Wisconsin is located in a high-cost fuel area. For many years anthracite dominated the domestic fuel market until rising prices brought about the intro- duction of substitutes such as the smokeless coals of West Virginia, coke, briquets, and fuel oil. Although these fuels are somewhat lower in price than anthracite, transportation and preparation costs tended to keep these fuels at a fairly high price level. This is bringing about the introduction of stokers designed to burn lower priced fuels, some of which are available from Illinois fields. Wisconsin consumes annually an equivalent of about four or five million tons of coal for domestic and commercial heating. The competitive nature of the market is shown by the kinds of fuel used and the variety of sources from which it is ob- tained. The quantities of fuel used in the state can be partly estimated from isolated data available, as follows: Tons Anthracite— 1933 161 ,000 Briquets —1935 155 ,000 Coke —1929 408 ,000 Fuel oil— 1934 (equivalent tons) 444 ,000 Bituminous coal — 1934 (approximately) 3 ,000 ,000 Bituminous coal was obtained mainly from West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, Vir- ginia, Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky fields. A consumption in excess of 1 ,000,000 tons of prepared fuels, approximately 25 per cent of the total required for heating purposes, and the importation over high freight rates of large quantities of eastern coals indicates an opportunity for a capture of a larger portion of this market by the lower priced Illinois coals if conditions of market demand are prop- erly met. The introduction of stokers designed to handle Illinois coals appears to be one of the promising methods that can be employed in entering further into this market. COAL 21 Coal production in other states within the Illinois coal market area. In addition to shipments of coal from Appalachian, Indiana, and western Ken- tucky fields by all-rail and rail-lake hauls, the Illinois coal industry shares the market with local production in states west of the Mississippi River. Production in these states, 1930-1935, is as follows: Table 7. — Coal Production in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and the Dakotas (In thousands of tons) Producing State 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Iowa 3,893 2,430 3,853 1,700 13 3,388 1,987 3,621 1,519 27 3,862 1,953 4,070 1,740 49 3,195 2,218 3,432 1,782 59 3,367 2,508 3,352 1,754 60 3,468 Kansas Missouri I 6,104 1,872 North Dakota. . , South Dakota Total 11,889 10,532 11,674 10,686 10,975 11,444 Strip-mined coal in Illinois. — Coal mined by stripping methods showed a substantial increase in 1935 over 1934. With the exception of 1932, when oper- ations in shaft mines were suspended for several months, the percentage of total production reached the highest peak in 1935 (Table 8). Table 8. — Strip-Mined Coal in Illinois, 1929-1935 Year Output, tons Percent of total output 1929 1930 5,374,813 6,116,415 6,262,501 6,423,935 5,423,796 5,777,202 7,054,040 8.8 11.3 1931 14.6 1932 20.4 1933 15.4 1934 1935 14.1 16.1 22 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Fuel briquets. — Distribution of fuel briquets in 1935 increased over the previous year in the Illinois coal market area. (Table 9). Particularly significant gains occurred in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Table 9. — Briquets Consumed for Domestic Fuel in the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1931-1935 a (In net tons) State 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Illinois Wisconsin 7,918 77,907 200,583 23,843 4,271 52,288 39,490 16,975 10,033 5,474 65,872 137,292 18,310 3,005 43,915 29,999 8.245 6,262 6,218 89,131 133,102 19,269 4,360 46,746 28,704 8,992 4,243 12,606 104,885 168,067 22,713 5,904 50,525 34,401 16,171 5,278 18,831 154,857 Minnesota 195,384 [owa 23,068 Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 7,564 60,419 43,596 15,214 4,841 Total Total for the United States. . . . 433,308 688,258 318,374 485,288 340,765 529,162 420,550 704,856 523,774 858,646 U. S. Bureau of Mines, Weekly Coal Report 988— June 20, 1936. Trend in, natural gas consumption. — Importation of natural gas into the Illinois coal market area continued its upward trend in 1935 over previous years, although the rate of increase is declining. Detailed data of distribution are not yet available for 1935, but a total figure for the United States shows an increase of natural gas output. Fuel oil. — Consumption of fuel oil and gas oil in the Illinois coal market area in 1935, the latest detailed data available, amounted to 38,024,000 barrels (Table 10). This is roughly equivalent to 9,500,000 tons of coal. In addition, 1,423,000 barrels of range oil, which is usually a partly refined kerosene, was used in cooking, space heating, and hot water heating. The largest single item of consumption is accounted for by domestic and commercial heating. A comparison with consumption of fuel oil in 1930 shows a decided increase in the use of oils for heating and a moderate increase in commercial and industrial uses. (Table 11). A recent survey of fuel oil issued by the Oil Burner Institute shows that the wholesale fuel oil price per barrel of 42 gallons has been going up gradually during the past several years and that the 1935 price was on the same level as 1929. The wholesale price per barrel in both years was 89 cents. The price fell to 78 cents in 1930, 57 cents in 1931, 62 cents in 1933, and 83 cents in 1934. The prices are COAL 23 predicated on a weighted average of five refineries. The increasing use of diesel engine power is creating a demand which is competing with heating fuel oil and will tend to raise prices. The survey indicates that purchasers of fuel oil can anticipate a six to nine per cent increase in price yearly. Table 10. — Consumption of Gas Oil and Fuel Oil in the Illinois Coal Market Area in 1935 (Thousands of barrels of 42 gallons each) Commercial and Industrial Total Range Domestic Uses Oil heating Illinois 8,324 6,713 15,037 305 Wisconsin 2,227 765 2,992 153 Minnesota 2,497 856 489 522 2,986 1,378 209 Iowa 152 Missouri 3,509 3,074 6,583 232 North Dakota 227 42 269 44 South Dakota 283 191 474 61 Nebraska 789 526 1,315 81 Kansas 294 7,100 7,394 186 Total 19,006 19,422 38,428 1,423 Table 11. — Consumption of Gas Oil and Fuel Oil in the Illinois Coal Market Area 1930 (Thousands of barrels of 42 gallons each) Commercial and Industrial Total Domestic Uses heating Illinois 3,101 9,526 12,627 Wisconsin 801 766 1,567 Minnesota 771 803 1,575 Iowa 321 785 1,106 Missouri 1,415 3,053 4,468 North Dakota 84 43 44 112 128 South Dakota 155 Nebraska 332 517 849 Kansas 110 4,551 4,661 Total 6,978 20,157 27,135 PETROLEUM 2S PETROLEUM Production and price. — The production of petroleum in Illinois in 1934 and 1935 is given in Table 12. Table 12. — Petroleum Produced in Illinois in 1934-1935 (In barrels of 42 gallons each) Month 1934 1935 Month 1934 1935 January February March April May June 393,000 337,000 394,000 373,000 411,000 392,000 332,000 295,000 370,000 338,000 382,000 358,000 July August September October November December Year 394,000 402,000 378,000 352,000 305,000 321,000 377,000 379,000 370,000 391 ,000 369,000 344 000 First 6 months. . . . 2,300,000 2,075,000 4,452,000 4,305,000 The average price for petroleum in 1935 was $1.23 compared with $1.13 in 1934 and $0.87 in 1933. The consumption of major petroleum products. — The growing im- portance of petroleum products as a fuel for commercial and domestic heating is bringing to the foreground certain problems in the marketing of these products. Until recently, the principal cash crop of the petroleum industry was gasoline and lubricating oils, while fuel oil, the other principal commodity besides gasoline, was Table 13. — Consumption of Major Petroleum Products, 1926-1935 (In thousands of barrels of 42 gallons each) Year Gasoline a Total Fuel Oil b Oil Used for Heating b Per cent Heating Oil of Total Fuel Oil 1926 1927 195,322 219,834 255,705 322,619 375,287 398,077 368,938 367,532 395,123 427,120 334,030 334,272 353,232 371,999 267,361 329,137 301,570 308,347 330,321 365,958 22,780 27,459 30,699 37,400 43,279 40,578 44,264 50,140 60,822 76,853 6.8 8.2 1928 8.7 1929 10.0 1930 11.8 1931 12.4 1932 14.7 1933 16.3 1934 18.4 1935 21.0 ■' l American Petroleum Institute. b U. S. Bureau of Mines, National Survey of Fuel Oil Distribution, Market Reports No. M. M. S. 415, November 19, 1935. 1930, and Mineral 26 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 sold as a by-product in the competitive fuel market. Since 1926, the use of fuel and furnace oil for domestic and commercial heating has gained rapidly. The distribu- tion of gasoline, total fuel, and fuel oil heating purposes is shown in Table 13. An analysis of the above table shows a doubling of gasoline consumption since 1926 and a trebling of oil used for heating, while the distribution of total fuel oil showed no net gain. Gasoline consumption, however, reached a peak of 398,000,- 000 barrels in 1931 and did not exceed this record of consumption again until 1935. In spite of increasing automobile traffic, it is not likely that gasoline con- sumption will show the same rate of growth in the coming year as was shown up to 1931. The petroleum industry is, therefore, giving increasing attention to heating oils as an additional source of income. This program is not without its market difficulties. Since not all fuel oil can be converted into a product suitable for heating oils, an increasing supply of the latter can be obtained only by increasing runs of crude oil to stills. During a severe winter such as was experienced in 1935-1936, there was a heavy drain on furnace oil stocks to the extent that not only were these supplies depleted but some refineries increased runs to stills in order to meet demands for heating oils, with a concurrent increase in gasoline stocks. At the same time automobile transportation was curtailed during the cold season so that gasoline stocks early in 1936 rose considerably above a normal supply. In view of the low stocks of furnace oil at the end of the heating season of 1935-1936, there has been a tendency to increase runs to stills in order to build up a supply of furnace oil for the coming heating season in 1936-1937. If this is done, there is a possibility of increasing gasoline stocks to a point where the price structure of both gasoline and crude oil may be endangered. The increasing importance of furnace oil as a supplemental cash crop to the oil industry therefore presents a dilemma to the refining industry. If gasoline stocks are kept down to a normal level, the supply of furnace oil may be inadequate and rising prices of the latter will bring about a return to coal as a source of domestic fuel. An attempt to maintain adequate supplies of heating oil may weaken the price of gasoline. It has been suggested that an economic balance between these two products can be maintained by cracking less gas oil for gasoline than has been customary in the past, diverting it instead to heating oil use. 1 1 Ump, October 1936, p. 4. BUILDING INDUSTRY 27 BUILDING INDUSTRY Illinois produces a wide variety of mineral products, including sand and gravel, cement, clay products, lime, glass sand, crushed stone, rubble and rip-rap, all of which share in construction and building activities. Although these materials do find their way into markets other than construction, the large proportion of them directly or indirectly enter into the erection of homes, offices, public buildings, and industrial structures, making these materials more or less dependent upon the ex- tent of building activity. Table 14. — Value of Building Permits in 16 Illinois Cities and St. Louis, Missouri ( a ) City 1933 1934 1935 (Preliminary) Aurora Bloomington Chicago Cicero Decatur E. St. Louis Elgin Evanston Freeport Moline Oak Park Peoria Quincy Rockford Rock Island Springfield St. Louis, Missouri Total $ 104 192 3,683 56 157 212 105 402 102 102 122 1,891 73 117 186 535 10,106 966 570 960 165 605 742 953 600 782 685 940 320 954 720 426 ,929 632 282,282 238,046 727,351 162,885 577,640 265,498 169,946 741,700 99,887 170,653 181,850 910,987 58,314 227,300 322,892 326,184 ,998,453 $ 250,270 579,022 12,936,409 198,240 588,102 869,123 217,945 947,750 230,135 335,893 626,200 1,791,342 81,716 347,065 332,906 456,453 11,355,867 $18,156,949 $17,461 $32,144,438 ;1 Data from Commercial and Financial Chronicle Table 15. Comparison of Building Activity in 811 U. S. Cities, 1934-1935 a Class of Construction Number of buildings Estimated Cost 1935 1934 P. C. change 1935 1934 P. C. change New residential New Non-residential.. . Additions, alterations, repairs 53,058 79,439 317,626 450,123 21,773 64,546 264,241 350,560 + 143.7 + 23.1 + 20.2 + 28.4 $291,227,231 316,730,227 228,546,659 836,504,117 $107,146,264 215,402,856 168,505,689 491,054,809 + 171.8 + 47.0 + 35.6 All construction + 70.3 a Data from U. S. Department of Labor. 28 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 The first pronounced measure of building recovery was in 1935, as shown in Table 14. An 84 per cent increase in building permits issued in the 16 Illinois cities and St. Louis, Missouri, over the 1934 total is gratifying not only in that it marks a definite upturn for the severely deflated construction industries but in that the value of building permits of this group of cities is 14.3 per cent above the aver- age for 811 cities throughout the United States, as compiled by the U. S. Depart- ment of Labor, shown in Table 15. Most important in Table 15 is the significant increase in new residential con- struction. This class of construction acts as a business barometer and is important because of its greater relative volume in normal times, and in that it is a measure of public purchasing power and a reflection of the confidence of private capital. It must be remembered, however, that although building activity in 1935 was substantially greater than in the previous year, the total value for 1934 as given in Table 15 was actually less than in 1933. This was particularly due to the decline of almost 50 per cent in value of permits issued in St. Louis, most of the cities showing somewhat of an increase. The building industry usually contracts more of the durable or capital goods classification than do other industries and its advance after the worst effects of a depression is usually tardy. The striking improvement now recorded is highly important for this reason. The building industry in Illinois began its decline in 1926 and reached the lowest level of activity in 1932. In 1934 many cities showed an increase and in 1935 all cities recorded in Table 14, with two exceptions, evidenced improvement. Table 16. — Value of Building Permits of Six Groups of Illinois Cities from 1920 to 1935 (In millions of dollars) Year Chicago, Oak Park, Evanston, Cicero St. Louis and East St. Louis Rock Island and Moline Rockford and Freeport Elgin and Aurora Springfield Decatur, Blooming- ton, Peoria 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925. 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 79.5 135.6 243.7 351.3 316.9 382.9 386.9 378.0 338.3 216.2 84.6 48.5 4.8 4.3 8.8 14.7 19.6 18.0 27.9 44.3 43.1 60.1 44.3 47.7 45.5 29.8 18.8 17.7 4.6 10.3 5.3 12.2 2T 2.2 2.3 2.6 3.4 2.8 4.4 2.1 1.2 .3 .3 .5 .7 4^8 4.9 7.4 6.5 8.2 7.7 6.2 3.5 .9 .9 .2 .3 .6 4^7 4.4 7.2 7.7 4.7 5.7 3.7 2.2 1.8 .3 .2 .5 .5 9.3 8.1 11.2 10.1 15.3 17.9 16.4 14.0 13.2 11.9 9.3 5.4 1.5 2.8 2.1 3.4 BUILDING INDUSTRY 29 Table 16 presents building permit data for six groups of Illinois cities, in millions of dollars, for the years 1920 to 1935. These figures suggest that the building industry in this State is definitely on the up-turn after having experienced its lowest level in the year 1932 of the industrial depression. Also pictured by this table are the great strides construction must take before it can be said that normal building and industrial conditions are restored. This fact is further substantiated when the 1935 total value of permits issued in these cities, $32,144,438, is com- pared to the total of $415,526,483 in 1928. While it is improbable that the ac- tivity of building in the period 1926-1928 will recur in the future, the level of building activity in 1935 is probably much below normal requirements. F. W. Dodge figures 1 show that in 1935 industrial building increased slightly over that of 1934 for 37 states east of the Rocky Mountains, although it lagged as compared to an almost double outlay for residential construction in 1935. Public works and utility project contracts declined somewhat from 1934. A few building permits statistics compiled by the F. W. Dodge Corporation illustrate the import- ance of residential building for the improvement last year (Table 17). Table 17. — Value of Building Permits for 37 States East of Rocky Mountains 3 - Class 1935 1934 1933 1931 and 1929 Residential $478,843,100 675,488,600 578,541,800 111,671,400 $248,840,100 543,031,800 625,044,500 126,192,000 $249,262,100 403,723,700 $811,338,700 Non-residential -. Public works (1931) 2,590,221.000 (1929) Utility a Data compiled by F. W. Dodge Corporation. A further refinement of residential construction data for 811 identical cities has been compiled by the U. S. Department of Labor and is shown in Table 18. In 1935 there was a greater number of dwellings and more money outlaid for the one-family dwelling than for any other kind. However, the greatest increase over the 1934 dwelling construction total took place in the multi-family class, showing that business conditions are returning to the point where it is profitable to relieve the shortage in apartments. 1 Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Jan. 27, 1936. 30 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 Table 18. — Number of Family-Dwelling Units Pro- vided IN 811 ClTIES a No. of new buildings for which permits issued Fami lies provided for Unit 1935 1934 P. C. Change 1935 1934 P. C. Change One-family Two-family Multi-family 49,001 2,428 1,523 20,198 1,176 341 + 142.6 + 106.5 +346.6 49,001 4,544 22,970 20,198 2,180 7,290 + 142.6 + 108.4 +215.1 All kinds 52,952 21,715 + 143.8 76,515 29,668 + 157.9 Data from U. S. Department of Labor. Total construction awards during the first two months of 1936 were 98.5 per cent higher than for the same two months of 1935 in 37 states east of the Rocky Mountains, according to F. W. Dodge figures. Table 19 gives compara- tive figures for the different classes of construction for this period. Table 19. — Construction Contracts Awarded in 37 States East of the Rocky Mountains, Comparing the First Two Months of the Years 1936 and 1935 a January and February 1936 Residential building Non-residential Public works and utilities Total construction 1935 Residential building Non-residential Public works and utilities Total construction No. of Projects 6,943 5,116 2,107 14,116 5,864 4,875 1,854 12,593 New floor space (Sq. ft.) 19,420,000 27,431,400 1,057,700 47,910,000 10,096,900 10,607,300 211,200 20,915,400 Valuation (Dollars) 68,615,000 153,090.700 125,137,300 346,843,000 39,027,000 63,571,200 72,222,800 174,821,000 P. C. h increase over 1935 75.7 114.1 73.2 98.5 :l Figures from the F. W. Dodge Corporation. b Calculated. The value of building permits for 16 Illinois cities for the first seven months in 1935 and 1936 has been compiled from monthly issues of the Illinois Journal of Commerce. The results are given in Table 20 which affords a basis of comparison for construction in Illinois in the year 1935 and the possible trend building may take during the remainder of the current year. BUILDING INDUSTRY 31 Table 20.— Value of Building Permits in 16 Illinois CiTiES a , by Months, 1935-1936 1935 1936 Month Value of Building Permits Number of Permits Average Value of Permit Value of Building Permits Number of Permits Average Value of Permit January February.. . . March April May June July $ 94,963 165,307 704,078 790,493 362,406 686,543 526,791 151 222 379 601 610 629 646 $ 628.80 744.60 1,857.70 1,315.20 594.10 1,091.50 815.50 $ 809,143 214,525 974,588 3,510,586 1,516,786 1,027,920 1,058,057 203 141 632 752 982 1,077 828 $3,985.90 1,230.60 1,542.00 4,668.00 1,545.10 954.40 1,277.50 a The 16 cities: Aurora, Bloomington, Champaign, Danville, Decatur, East St. Louis, Elgin, Preeport, Joliet, Moline, Peoria, Quincy, Rockford, Rock Island, Springfield, and Waukegan. CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 33 CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY The clay products industry is one of the largest non-fuels mineral industries in Illinois, in terms of value of production. The total value of clay products in Illinois continued to increase in 1935, the preliminary total being $6,820,145 for this year, in comparison with $5,945,199 for the year 1934. However, the fol- lowing table shows that this increase was principally in the pottery division of the industry and that there was but a slight increase in the structural and refrac- tory clay products division. Table 21. — Value of Clay Products, 1932 to 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 Structural and products. . . . Pottery refractory clay $2,504,610 1,837,033 $2,328,556 1,816,467 $4,498,960 1,446,239 4,555,624 2,264,521 Total. $4,341,643 $4,145,033 $5,945,199 $6,820,145 The index values of structural and refractory clay products, pottery, and building permits in Illinois are compared in figure 1 for the period 1920 to 1935. The index numbers are based on the 1923-1925 average for each unit. The close relationship between the value of clay products and the trend of building permits is clearly shown. Building permit data for the years 1920-1922 are not available. The merely slight increase in the structural and refractory clay products division was largely the result of almost a 50 per cent reduction in production value of paving blocks in 1935. There was also a slight decrease in value of refractory cement and in non-clay refractories. The figures given in Table 22 show an increase over the 1934 totals in the following classes: common brick, face brick, hollow brick, hollow building tile, drain tile, fireclay products, and clay sold (raw or prepared). The value of those classes included under other clay products (except pottery) which decreased in 1935 includes terra cotta, sewer pipe, Hue lining and non-clay refractories. Wall coping was the only product included in this category which showed an increase in 1935 over 1934. 34 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 120 I 10 100 90 <\J 3 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 i * \ i X \ \ f d\ \ \ // / \\ \ \ \ 2 \ \ \ \ \ \ n I \ \ \ \ i i \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ■ — X / / STRUCTURAL AND REFRACTORY CLAY PRODUCTS \ P DTTERY UILDING PERMITS \ \ y B \ s ,-~ 1920 "22 24 '26 '28 '30 '32 '34 '36 Fig. 1. — Comparative Valufs of Structural Clay Products, Pottery, and Building Per- mits. Index Numbers Based on 1923-1925 Average. Table 22. — Production of Clay Products, by Classes, 1935 CI: Common brick (M) Face brick (M) Hollow brick (1V0 Hollow building tile (Tons) Vitrified brick or block for paving (M) for other purposes (M) Drain tile (Tons) Fireclay products Refractory cement (Clay) (Tons) Clay sold, raw or prepared (etc.) ;1 Other clay products (except Pottery) Pottery Quantity 93,435.4 34,945.4 2,778.8 46,624.8 3S ,411 977 ,757 175 Vali $778,086.94 479,118.76 53,916.50 198,119.68 104,171.77 53,245.89 249,589.07 750,284.42 7,822.67 160,429.10 1,720,839.58 2,264,520.97 Quantity Stocks on hand Dec. 31, 1935 63,367.6 17,508.6 680.1 34,057.1 4,188.6 1,110.7 13,971.6 21 a Terra Cotta, sewer pipe, flue lining', wall coping, and non-clay refractories included under "Other clay products, except Pottery." CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 35 The production quantity, value, and stocks on hand of common brick, face brick, hollow building tile, and drain tile for the year 1935 are grouped by pro- ducing districts in Table 23. The counties in each district are as follows: District Counties Chicago Lake, Cook, and Will Northern Illinois Bureau, Fulton, Knox, LaSalle, Livings- ton, and Tazewell Central and Western Illinois Henry, Macon, Menard, and Sangamon East St. Louis Madison and St. Clair Other Other In Table 23 those districts in which less than three producers reported are combined. Table 23. — Production of Certain Types of Clay Products, by Districts, 1935 District Quantity (Thousands) Quantity Value Stocks (Dollars) on hand (Thousands) Common Brick Chicago Northern Illinois Central and Western Illinois. East St. Louis Other Total . 68,099.3 504,080.50 48,762.3 11,079.4 122,869.84 5,712.5 3,142.6 32,441.60 4,678.4 6,798.1 71,087.00 3,013.4 4,316.0 47,608.00 1,192.0 93,435.4 778,086.94 63,367.6 Face Brick Northern Illinois Central and Western Illinois and East St. Louis Other Total 14,656.4 15,561.0 4,728.0 34,945.4 Hollow Building Tile (Tons) Northern Illinois Central and Western Illinois and East St. Louis. Chicago and Other Total 5,856.0 17,421.8 23,347.0 46,624 Drain Tile 223,440.53 190,339.23 65,339.00 479,118.76 23,525.96 66,778.09 107,815.63 198,119.68 6,681.9 7,846.7 2,998.0 17,508.6 (Tons) 10,992.3 3,705.3 19,359.5 34,057.1 Northern Illinois Central and Western Illinois (Tons) 16,913.9 6,745.0 15,098.5 116,770.71 45,762.12 87,056.24 (Tons) 2,533.9 2,208.0 East St. Louis and Other 9,229.7 Total 38,757.4 249,589.07 13,971.6 J 6 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 COMMON BRICK 12 cO I /< \ 1935 _ / / \ N \ \ \ // -AV y ^ 1934 \ \ y^\ / \ \ SHIPMENTS 1 1 no 100 90 80 70 to § 60 < cO 3 50 40 30 20 / / \ 1935 \ - AV / \\ / f x ^ \ / / / ^ ^* % 1934 * \ 7 -AV / / / \ / i ~^~ > \ \ \ / / VALl E 01 " SH PMEI MTS \ 60 50 40 30 20 **^. — - ^^_ 1935 y '^-J ^-"■" 1934 '-^ y y STC CKS ON \ HAND AT :nd OF N 10NT H Fig. 2.~ Common Brick in Illinois — Shipments, Value of Ship- ments, and Stocks on Hand at End of Month, for 1934-1935. CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 37 Table 24 presents data compiled from the Bureau of Census statistics from selected identical plants for the years 1932 to 1935. Total shipments, value of shipments, monthly averages, average values per unit, and stocks on hand Decem- ber 31 of each year are given for common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile. Table 24. — -Shipments of Common Brick, Face Brick, and Hollow Building Tile in Illinois, 1932—1935 a Shipments Total Thousands Average per month Thousands Value Total Dollars Average per month Dollars Average value per Thousand Stocks on hand at end of year Thous- ands Common Brick 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1.932 1933 1934 1935 56,388 51,011 62,269 84,085 32,439 22,825 24,657 36,923 30,930 16,585 31,580 21,978 4,699 4,251 5,189 7,007 446,906 403,813 564,164 835,775 Face Brick 2,703 1,902 2,055 3,077 464,398 305,168 409,532 596,248 37,242 33,651 47,014 69,648 38,700 25,432 34,128 49,687 2,578 1,382 2,632 1,832 104,922 65,615 163,312 131,370 Hollow Building Tile 8,744 5,468 13,609 10,948 7.93 7.92 9.06 9.94 14.31 13.81 16.61 18.85 3.39 3.96 5.17 5.98 69,771 58,993 55,120 63,283 46,668 26,863 23,281 24,411 45,282 39,519 34,766 28,757 Data from TJ. S. Bureau of Census. In the year 1933 each item listed under common brick and face brick de- creased in comparison to the corresponding figure for 1932. The greatest com- parable decrease took place in face brick. Likewise, with the exception of stock?, each figure for these two types of brick increased in both 1934 and 1935, the 1935 totals in each case being greater than those of 1932. Not since 1932 has the total value of face brick shipments been greater than those of common brick, and it is yet lagging considerably. A comparison of the data on hollow building tile with that of common and face brick gives quite a different picture. The trend in shipments and value of shipments in all three commodities is similar for the first three years, being down- ward in 1932 and upward in 1933, but in 1935 the tile trend falls again while the 38 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 brick trend rises very markedly. This may be in part due to a natural decrease in demand for tile in 1935 or to the steady increase in value per unit placed on FACE BRICK - i 5 AV/ 1935 f^AV 1934 "~~ \ \ s* - — / \ \ s SHIPMENTS 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1935 ""V, t '1934 > v \ \ \ > V f-M / / \ \ \ - / f \ V / \ 1 VALL E OF " SH PME MTS 30 25 =-= — ^ 20 15 ~ ~ ~ ^ ^^ -/fa 1934 k ^«^ _ - -*=r^ ^AV 1935 STO CKS ON, HANC AT END or MON TH Fig. 3. — Face Brick in Illinois — Shipments, Value of Ship- ments, and Stocks on Hand at End of Month, 1934-193 5. hollow building tile each year since 1932. The average value for both kinds of brick fluctuated with demand during these years. CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY 39 It is important to note that stocks in both common and face brick increased in 1935 for the first time. This suggests that heavy inventories have been reduced to a more normal level. Stocks of hollow building tile on hand necessarily con- tinued to decrease in 1935. The stocks of tile on hand at the end of the year were still greater than the total shipped during 1935. However, the stocks have shrunk 37 per cent from the 1932 total. HOLLOW BUILDING TILE <0 4 Z o / -- - \ /X / \ \ 1934, ^ ~~ ~» \\ -. / -AV 1935 \ V \ SHIPMENTS 1 1 JFMAMJJASOND 25 20 15 10 / / ^ X I934 \ \ ._/__ -AV -AV \ /y / \ \ s S ^935 N VALL JE - SHI PMEI nITS JFMAMJJASOND 40 35 30 25 20 -— -^ — ^ =* — 5 = "^z -AV ^a"V"~- - — 1934 / / f 1935 " — - *" STO CKS ON \ 1AND AT END OF l> /ION! "H Fig. 4. — Hollow Building Tile in Illinois — Shipments, Value of Shipments, and Stocks on Hand at End of Month, 1934-1935. The trends of shipments by months during the years 1934 and 1935 are given for common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile in figures 2, 3, and 4. The monthly averages for each year are given for comparison. The important part that the stocks on hand play in the economic picture is not the actual number or quantity but the relation of the quantity of stocks to the demand. The producer can determine the size of the stocks he should carry on 40 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 hand to meet emergencies only through past experience. Probably the most perti- nent data available to judge future demands are shipments of the past year, with an analysis of the probable increase or decrease in demand for the coming months. Table 25 shows the relation of stocks on hand at the end of each year to the demand for that current year in terms of month's supplies on hand, December 31. Table 25. -Supply of Stocks on Hand at End of Year, in Terms of Months, 1932-1935 Year Common Brick (Months) Face Brick (Months) Hollow Building Tile (Months) 1932 14.8 13- .--9 10.6 9.0 17.3 14.1 11.3 7.9 17.6 1933 28.6 1934 13.2 1935 15.7 The actual quantity of stocks on hand as seen in Table 24 was increased for both common and face brick in 1935. However, the ratio of these stocks to cur rent demand has continued to decrease through 1935 and will continue to do so until this portion of the industry is stabilized. The stocks of hollow building tile on hand at the end of each year, as seen in Table 24, has in no way coincided with demand and at the present time is no doubt much larger than that necessary to meet adequately the current requirements. Detailed statistics for the shipments of common brick, face brick, and hollow building tile during the year 1935 are given in Table 26. Similar tables are given for the years 1932, 1933, and 1934 in Illinois Geological Survey Report of In- vestigations 39. CLAY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY + 1 Table 26. — Shipments of Common Brick, Face Brick, and Hollow Building Tile in Illinois in 1935 Month Number of Plants Shipments Thousands Value Thousand? stocks on hand at end of month Common Brick a January. . February. March. . . . April May ) une July August. . . September October. . November December. January. . February. March. . . . April May June July August. . . September October. . . November December. January . . February. March April May June July August. . . September October. . November December. 34 2,636 $25,941 56,863 35 3,568 57,938 54,359 35 5,790 57,938 51,443 34 5,754 59,476 48,538 35 6,139 60,671 44,451 35 8,537 84,102 39,338 34 9,463 91,483 51,104 32 9,483 89,538 51,241 31 9,319 89,824 53,927 31 10,864 102,321 62,679 31 7,346 68,933 65 ,065 32 5,185 47,610 63,283 Face Bri ck" 18 942 $14,993 22,745 18 1,492 23,398 22,814 17 2,060 33,606 22,739 17 3,205 53,247 22,793 17 3,605 57,594 23,046 17 4,037 64,168 22,293 17 4,271 67,589 22,584 17 4,341 70,117 22,407 17 4,106 66,798 22,433 17 4,361 70,796 22,360 17 2,775 45,358 23,076 17 1,728 28,584 24,411 Hollow Buildi ng Tile ' (Tons) (Tons) 16 1,001 $ 5,993 33,593 16 929 5,353 32,856 15 1,613 9,996 31,484 15 1,476 8,266 30,404 15 2,054 12,743 28,764 15 1,648 9,006 29,937 15 2,308 15,502 29,814 15 2,718 15,749 29,562 15 2,560 16,766 30,090 15 2,568 14,614 29,091 15 1,555 8,607 28,827 15 1,548 8,775 28,757 a Source: Monthly report on "Structural Clay Products," Bureau of Census. 42 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 A comparison of shipments of these three classes of clay products in Illinois are given, by totals, for the first six months of 1935 and 1936, as follows: Table 27. — Shipments of Common Brick, Face Brick, and Hollow Building Tile in Illinois for Six Months, 1935-1936 Average Number of Plants Reporting 1935 1936 Shipments in Thousands 1935 1936 Value . of Shipments 1935 1936 Stock on Hand June 30, in Thousands 1935 1936 35 32 Common Brick 32,424 66,388 • $347,066 $649,317 I 39,338 60,083 17 17 Face Brick | 15.341 31,591 | $247,006 $527,233 | 22,293 23,925 15 15 (Tons) 8,721 20,032 Hollow Building Tile $ 51,357 $109,576 (Tons) 29,937 35,333 PORTLAND CEMENT 4-3 PORTLAND CEMENT Portland cement shipped from mills in Illinois in 1935 amounted to 3,273,- 000 barrels. Value of the product was $4,625,000 with a value per barrel increase to $1.41. (Table 28). Consumption of Portland cement by months for 1933- 1935 is shown in Table 29. Table 28. — Shipments of Cement, in Barrels, Value, and'Consumption in Illinois 1928-1935 a Average Year Shipments Value factory value per barrel Consumption 1928 7,405,667 $11,602,848 $1.57 17,683,269 1929 7,738,208 11,134,538 1.44 13,490,520 1930 7,951,680 10,519,162 1.32 11,164,248 1931 6,425,909 5,342,446 0.83 7,925,435 1932 5,829,687 3,446,482 0.59 5,822,358 1933 4,193,048 4,607,335 1.08 5,281,216 1934 3,907,000 5,489,000 1.40 5,008,440 1935 3,273,000 4,625,000 1.41 4,932,873 United States Bureau of Mines, Monthly Cement Statement No. 177, Table 29. Portland Cement Consumption in Illinois, 1933-1935 (In barrels) a Month 1933 1934 1935 January. . February March. . . April May June July. August. . . . September. October. . . November. December. Total. 71,367 115 629 125,846 171,203 177,861 347,314 ,124,429 996,408 881,269 665,137 295,027 309,726 5,281,216 133 420 99 658 183 ,486 386 ,683 671 ,643 557 ,475 512 ,159 545 ,571 546 ,926 736 ,326 476,070 158 ,940 5,008 ,357 133,855 159,240 304,977 352,243 414,792 460,779 675,717 701,896 627,998 613,827 304,021 183,527 4,932,873 United States Bureau of Mines, Monthly Cement Statements. FLUORSPAR 45 FLUORSPAR 1 Fluorspar shipments from the Illinois-Kentucky area continued to increase in response to expanding needs of the steel industry. Consumption of fluorspar at steel mills increased 19,700 short tons in 1935 compared with 1934, due to accelerated activity that brought the operating rate of the steel industry from 37 per cent of capacity in 1934 to 49 per cent in 1935. Both domestic producers and importers shared this increased business; in fact, total sales of fluorspar to the steel industry were the largest since 1930, and the sales by domestic producers exceeded those of any year since 1929. Purchases of 12,225 tons of fluorspar by glass manufacturers in 1935 were the largest on record. Sales to enamel and hydrofluoric acid plants increased 1,800 and 400 tons, respectively, from 1934, and consumption of acid-grade fluorspar as a raw material in the manufacture of refrigerants was 61 per cent greater. Total sales of fluorspar to consumers in the United States in 1935 were 137,867 short tons, of which 123,561 tons were from domestic mines and 16,306 tons were imported, compared with a total of 101,662 tons in 1934, of which 85,264 tons were from domestic mines and 16,398 tons were imported. Despite the improved demand for fluorspar in 1935, the selling price by pro- ducers was lower than in 1934. For example, the average selling price of fluxing- gravel fluorspar dropped from $15.28 a ton f.o.b. Illinois-Kentucky mines in 1934 to $13.76 a ton in 1935. The average selling price of all grades declined from $16.22 a short ton in 1934 to $15.04 in 1935. Other noteworthy developments in 1935 were the substantial reduction in the stocks of fluorspar in the hands of producers, the high level of shipments from Kentucky which have been exceeded only in 1918, 1928, and 1929, and the move- ment of fluorspar from Colorado to eastern markets. Tables 30, 31, and 32 show the details of the shipments of flourspar by States, by kinds, and by uses in 1934 and 1935. Data from U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, pp. 963-979. 46 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 Table 30. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in Illinois and Kentucky 1934-1935 1934 1935 State Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Average Total Average Illinois Kentucky Other states 33,234 43,163 9,389 $567,396 690,990 133,019 $17.07 16.01 44,120 68,679 10,762 $685,794 1,017,451 155,089 $15.54 14.81 Total 85,786 1,391,405 16.22 123,561 1,858,334 15.04 Table 31. — Fluorspar Shipped fr-om Mines in the United States, 1934-1935, by Kinds 1934 1935 Kind Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Average Total Average Gravel Lump Ground 74,249 3,101 8,436 $1,121,974 60,135 209,296 $15.11 19.39 24.81 105,280 5,268 13,013 $1,452,733 101,578 304,023 $13.80 19.28 23.36 Total 85,786 1,391,405 16.22 123,561 1,858,334 15.04 Table 32. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, 1934-1935, by Uses 1934 1935 Use Short- tons Va lue Short tons Va lue Total Average Total Average Steel 70,672 1,489 7,343 2,590 1,666 1,504 522 $1,061,864 23,807 167,182 67,849 35 , 708 26,393 8,602 $15.03 15.99 22.77 26.20 21.43 17.55 16.48 100,988 2,336 10,256 4,087 3,333 2,248 313 $1,390,357 29,068 227,917 100,686 74,732 30,923 4,651 $13.77 Foundry Glass Enamel and vitro- lite Hydrofluoric acid and derivatives. Miscellaneous. . . . Exported 12.44 22.22 24.64 22.42 13.76 14.86 Total 85,786 1,391,405 16.22 123,561 1,858,334 15.04 FLUORSPAR 47 Stocks at mines. — The stocks of fluorspar at mines or at shipping points on December 31, 1935, were 60,752 short tons, a decrease of 28 per cent. These stocks consisted of about 27,400 tons of crude fluorspar (calculated to be equiva- lent to 11,800 tons of ready-to-ship fluorspar) and 33,389 tons of ready-to-ship fluorspar. The substantial decrease (about 17,200 tons) in the stocks of ready- to-ship fluorspar in 1935 and the concurrent smaller decline of about 6,000 tons in the stocks of crude fluorspar are noteworthy. Imports. — The total imports of fluorspar for consumption in the United States in 1935 were 16,340 short tons (10,578 tons containing more than 97 per- cent and 5,762 tons containing not more than 97 per cent calcium fluoride) valued at $170,049, compared with 16,705 tons (10,632 tons containing more than 97 per cent and 6,073 tons containing not more than 97 per cent calcium fluoride) valued at $183,286 in 1934. The imports were equivalent to 13 per cent of the total shipments of domestic fluorspar in 1935 compared with 19 per cent in 1934. About 33 per cent of the imports in 1935 was metallurgical-gravel fluorspar. 19 per cent ceramic-ground fluorspar, and 48 per cent acid (chiefly lump) fluor- spar. The metallurgical-gravel fluorspar was imported from Spain and Ger- many, chiefly Spain ; the ceramic-ground fluorspar was imported chiefly from Ger- many, followed in order by Spain and Italy; and the acid-grade fluorspar was im- ported chiefly from Germany, followed in order by the Union of South Africa and Spain. Table 33, compiled from the records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, shows the imports of fluorspar into the United States by countries in 1934 and 1935. Table 33. — Fluorspar Imported into the United States, 1934-1935, by Countries & Country 1934 Short tons Value 1935 Short tons Val. Canada China Germany Italy Newfoundland Spain Union of South Africa United Kingdom Total 187 112 8,224 60 745 4,914 1,997 466 16,705 $ 2,962 990 98,565 587 10,460 35,316 31,872 2,534 183,286 9,843 55 5,094 1,347 16,340 14 119,275 589 35,432 23,739 179,049 Compiled from records of Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 48 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 Table 34, compiled from data furnished by importers to the Bureau of Mines, shows the quantities of imported fluorspar delivered to consumers in the United States in 1934 and 1935 and the selling price at tidewater (duty paid) irrespective of the year of importation into the United States; it differs from the preceding table, which shows the quantities received in the United States during 1934 and 1935. The quantities in this table are based on the actual outturn weight ascertained by sworn weighers and represent the weight on which duty was paid and the entries were liquidated. Table 34. — Imported Fluorspar Delivered to Consumers in the United States in 1934 and 1935 1934 1935 Industry Short Tons Selling Price at Tidewater, Including Duty Short Tons Selling Price at Tidewater, Including Duty Total Average Total Average Steel Glass 5,394 1,257 583 8,982 182 $100,830 36,120 17,324 217,650 4,100 $18.69 29.74 29.72 24.23 22.53 5 , 702 1,969 920 7,715 $102,635 49,803 24.447 189,794 $18.00 25 . 29 26.57 Hydrofluoric acid. 24.60 Total 16,398 376,024 22.93 16,306 366,679 22.49 AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 49 AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE Final returns from producers of agricultural limestone in Illinois and ad- joining states show that Illinois farmers applied to their soil approximately 523,256 tons of limestone in 1935. This is a 51 per cent increase over the 1934 total consumption and is almost four times the amount used in the low year, 1932. Such an increase shows that the purchase of stone by farmers is returning rapidly to the level of pre-depression years. The following figures represent the approxi- mate consumption of agricultural limestone in Illinois by years from 1930 to 1935. Table 35. — Agricultural Limestone Consumed in Illinois, 1930-1935 Year Tons 1930 811,000 1931 266,886 1932 132,995 1933 190,963 1934 346,141 1935 523,256 The most significant increase in limestone consumption was in those counties in the northeast, south, and southeastern parts of the State, Districts I and V as shown in figure 8. The very pronounced increase in District I in 1935 as shown in figure 5 is no doubt an exaggeration in part due to incomplete data for the past years. Detailed statistics were received from Illinois producers and from producers in Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Wisconsin who ship agricultural limestone into Illinois. Information was also received from Farm Advisers in Illinois and from certain County Highway Engineers. Such cooperation has made the 1935 agri- cultural limestone data the most complete for any year to date. The tonnage of agricultural limestone marketed in each county in Illinois during 1934 and 1935 is shown in Table 36. It has been necessary to estimate the consumption for certain counties, the figures for each representing a comparison of data received from both producers and farm advisers. so ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 36. — Tonnage of Agricultural Limestone Used in Illinois During 1934 and 1935 (Tons marketed in each county in Illinois) County Adams x^lexander. . . Bond a Boone Brown Bureau a . . . . Calhoun Carroll Cass a Champaign. Christian . . . Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford. . . Cumberland. DeKalb DeWitt Douglas. . . . DuPage. . . . Edgar Edwards. . . . Effingham. . Fayette Ford Franklin. . . . Fulton Gallatin . . . . Greene a . . . . Grundy Hamilton. . . Hancock. . . . Hardin Henderson. . Henry Iroquois. . . . Jackson. . . . Jasper Jefferson a . . . Jersey a Jo Daviess a . Johnson .... Kane Kankakee. . . Kendall Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence. . . Lee Livingston. . 1934 Total ,587 ,769 ,060 918 ,046 592 ,185 ,060 ,646 120 ,937 ,532 ,615 763 ,647 ,138 ,709 ,177 567 ,526 ,379 ,200 ,079 ,689 ,547 ,732 134 ,046 ,483 ,173 ,054 ,200 ,889 ,641 ,423 614 ,301 ,326 102 ,500 ,923 433 ,687 ,796 ,237 ,339 ,524 614 ,625 1935 Produced in Illinois 5,194 55 6,146 432 2,964 128 936 3,435 3,911 6,959 469 16,487 436 14,100 295 1,936 435 1,649 1,601 3,823 1,819 948 3,264 2,997 2,297 3,364 1,520 8,739 904 1,859 952 115 5,327 2,033 6,001 2,179 2,930 5,884 8,000 1,680 10,487 3,272 1,214 1,233 9,353 1,304 446 87 10,888 Produced in other states 134 36 96 8 ',382 45 474 1,083 1,836 1,119 2,031 358 6,659 998 315 3,248 2,180 272 228 2,612 59 1,789 61 Total 14 1 5,194 55 6,280 432 3,000 128 936 3,531 3,911 15,341 469 16,532 910 ,100 ,378 3,772 435 ,649 ,720 ,823 ,850 ,306 9,923 3,995 2,297 3,364 1,835 8,739 904 1,859 952 115 8,575 4,213 6,001 2,451 3,158 5,884 8,000 1,680 10,487 ,272 ,214 ,845 ,412 ,304 2,235 148 10,888 V AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 51 Table 36. — Tonnage of Agricultural Limestone Used in Illinois (Concluded) (Tons marketed in each county in Illinois) County 1934 Total 1935 Produced in Illinois Produced in other states Total Logan McDonough McHenry McLean Macon Macoupin a Madison a Marion a Marshall Mason Massac Menard Mercer Monroe Montgomery a . . . Morgan a Moultrie Ogle a Peoria Perry Piatt Pike a Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph a Richland Rock Island St.Clair a Saline Sangamon a Schuyler a Scott a Shelby Stark Stephenson Tazewell Union Vermilion Wabash Warren Washington a . . . . Wayne White Whiteside Will Williamson Winnebago Woodford County unknown Total 1,630 2,667 1,224 31,595 3,345 15,891 15,364 2,646 972 2,352 671 3,055 16,521 3,236 3,226 449 5,670 4,250 3,324 770 1,260 100 57 16,521 414 3,616 6,362 6,186 4,122 170 268 ,420 303 900 ,874 ,100 ,436 1,450 215 11,852 454 2,047 2,166 4,031 1,915 500 5,462 5,798 346,141 2,721 342 1,962 20,125 2,291 16,012 17,396 6,491 2,886 2,264 53 5,001 274 9,592 5,365 2,904 230 4,000 4,617 10,200 2,802 20,000 116 64 210 15,167 909 5,282 27,076 1,003 5,764 513 226 2,936 582 198 3,386 3,562 2,021 190 13,223 456 703 2,124 58,280 1,958 14 4,692 7,782 468,453 142 289 1,092 3,582 162 605 235 900 1,333 495 822 391 1,337 419 7,867 234 735 60 54,803 2,721 342 2,104 20,125 2,580 16,012 17,396 7,583 2,264 53 5,001 3,856 9,592 5,365 2,904 392 4,000 5,222 10,200 2,890 20,000 116 64 210 15,402 1,809 6,615 27,076 1,003 5,764 513 226 3,431 1,404 198 3,386 3,562 2,412 1,527 419 21,090 690 1,438 2,184 58,280 1,958 14 4,692 7,782 523,256 Estimated. ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY APR 2 6 1H93 52 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 ! ' V i ~ I i iii JO r.iVitJA . STEFHENSON . WINNEBAGO I BOONE 1 McHENRT ' •••• ' ! I •• I f - 1- ---— J I LB I ••• i i::: i :; co .v.\ 1 I L?__L_, 1 ••• \ 1 | | • • •U -* • • • i , j r* • •■— i ••• i —I | KEKDALL !••••«_•• , r»i»~'^ i i i W(LL ••«•"•! BUREAU I | | ••• _J L»SALLE ,;••••••••••' ;~t I I I PUTNAM I I ^_ , L ' I KAKkAKEE I >;«! JL-'-i r— L — I •" ! .... ! — '--rj-u h- | ,, . I . LIVINGSTON | I WARREN , , O / wOODfORD .J..# I 1 / . | FULTON / ••• | Mcdonough I • o / — — i . ••••••• HANCOCK y I '••••••• _i 1 A vr 1 ^ l -t----/-\ l__SCHUrLER "" ~j/ _r^ | DE J^ TT / | I \ ° ^ W j LOGAN ^ *._— I »»o l_ / MENARD ' CASS ' • •• _J__ T i I F0R ° I I ♦• • •• | BRC |P, ATT | I IORGAN , SANGAMON | | DOUGLAS f cou i \ ••° r / i r i , GREENE \ ••• | -i 1 MOULTRIE ' 1 ' ' — l, | COLES J_ „„^l ° I ~" 1" W^ i :::: •• i '" \ 'Z| lit I •••• I ' EFFINGHAM I ' •• O ! I i I | ••••• 'jASPER , CRAWFORD • • • • • I ST CLAIR | FATETTE ••••Ol •• I • r^— V"'T— '-- I CLAY I , , RICHLAND ' LAWRtNCE -ON ' J «0 | •• /" -J "l"*l'/7 ; ' I ° ' o • \ ~ - ' • WASHINGTON , JEFFERSON ' ■ " ' / . _]••••••• ! ••• | r -?' 1 III RANDOLPH p • •••• I •' I HAMILTON I w M I I 1 • O | * I SALINE ' GALLATir AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE CONSUMPTION BY COUNTIES 1935 ION . JOHNSON ' POPE 1000 TONS 500 TONS \W ; . " c N Fig. 5. — Consumption of Agricultural Limestone, By Counties, for 1935. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE S3 ,--. _.. . ■ ._ T __ T .._ _- r - .--, 1 1 1 1 1 ' \ JU UAViLb'j . STE.PHENSON i WINNEBAGO 1 BOONE ' W C H£NRY ' LAKE . 1 ::::: ! ! i 1 :::::t N „ 1 — ' . | 1 • • • • • o\ | __, t— -f ^ ' CARROLL . OGLE! |' r 1 ! "° '< 'kane 1 1 \ ! -- 1 , oekaL9 i ::::s !- u .- i -ok' ( ,cr ItlOltKI v fS WHITESIDE LEE . | !#••• \ I < »° I ! I | \' •••• 1 ! ' ". ; r-- J '-■,•••• , (••"•••« 0& 1 | BUREAU 1 | !•••••••••••, *•.•••» i h , £ ;s y i *° j ^o LLE i !••• i ' | • • ' / ' I o 1 • • J ! i .MERCER 1 1 | PUTNAM 1 ' | • • | ' ,_ J- _. 1 ] KANKAKEE 'r- T ^-H >;v«i ma^7 ll - J -| 1— L -H - J,i | kno, r--^-£:j_u p- ! # 1 ** RR EN . ' WO oDFORD ' !t 1 SANGAMON | . • • O _, \, r 'v »»o N ••• I - tmoultrie 1 ■" 1 E °°* R i v PIKE f 0TT ] \ | 1__ o | ] ••° | "I!" ' L - J 1 1 CHRISTIAN 1 1 | C0LES I • ••0 1 1 1 1 ••° 1 l l_ o | J j "- ] 1 1 . I SHELBY ' I.-,-,....! \ \ °~ | I ' 1- •• 1 IcVmo;' \ Ji! ' | 1 CUMBERLAND !'••••••. , ol ••• j , MACOUPIN | MONTGOMERY •••• ,•••••• . pf~ •••! 1 •••• | •• 1 1 1 »«0 _L , '21 * I • ' EFFINGHAM 1 | , s «••♦• ' 1 ' 1 •••• 1 JASPER CRAWFORD, « "" 1 T 1 FAYETTE ' •••• | •• | •• \ • -' ••• !_».*• *_ J «o " - .. „ , „ '.BONDl 1 1 1 j MADISON I*****. i | ••••• !••••• ] 1 1 CLAY 1 , ••••• . ' | 1 O ^RICHLAND 1 LAWRENCE ( >-•'•-' MARION ! MO | J. /" .■' '••CLINTON, 1 •••• | ^— . | % 2 J , ^••••••••| ,#,, l ; N A,:'.sr.>"*'"i--H ..... \fjfr /••" x x » 1 1 , o !£.•'■*•'' • ••• x _».«» • •,• WASHINGTON*. JEFFERSON 1 | "" ' . # i MONROE ('•••'••••••••O l •• 1 J /" K \.... . -*»*-' -r 1 OO J N x «»o^ 1 . 1 "^ •••••••!•••••••( *• 1 # ° 7 >»J» ••••••••••• O/ FRANKLIN | ) \X / L«Lj — - T—i \ J ; C # KS . 0N . ' SALINE Ua L LAT,n"i AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE S"« WL r. i0N ' #0 1 / 1 : »o ] j_ POUNDS USED PER ACRE ^ ~| | | OF ARABLE LAND \ | i HAnDIN I \ UNION , JOHNSON ! POPE , ,.' j IQOC ', •••• 1 ••• | I7J J • • O | • o ( \ T '- i~i* \ ' • 10 LBS. -, % < j^-L "* 4 \ - i o 5 LBS. v \(** ' "-^. C N '.■ \ * \> ' N J 1 > N Fig. 6. — Consumption of Agricultural Limestone in Pounds Per Acre of Arable Land, By Counties, for 1935. 54 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Figure 5 pictures the approximate total consumption of agricultural lime- stone in each county during 1935. The largest consuming areas are at once seen to be Districts 1 and IV and those counties in the western part of District V. Figure 6 shows the approximate number of pounds of limestone used per acre of arable land in each county in 1935. Detailed statistics of this data for the years 1933, 1934, and 1935 are given in Table 37. Table 37. — Consumption of Limestone on Crop Land, by Counties (In pounds per acre) County Farm land in crops (1929) Acres Pounds of Limestone per Acre 1933 1934 1935 1926-1930 average Group 1 Cook DuPage. . . Ford Grundy. . . Iroquois. . . Kane Kankakee. Kendall. . . Lake Livingston. McHenry. . Will Average for data available 164,478 102,525 251,129 197,112 557,286 211,385 302,664 154,130 105,632 546,648 222,210 348,255 8.6 32 11 29 20 20 18 3 35 24 17 11 23 20.2 172 75 19 9 15 99 22 16 178 40 19 334 83.2 28 37 45 31 34 35 30 43 19 47 25 25 33.3 Group 2 Boone Bureau Carroll DeKalb. ... Henry JoDaviess. . La Salle.... Lee Mercer Ogle Rock Island Stephenson . Whiteside. . Winnebago. Average for data available. 119,416 364,803 160,827 306,290 352,861 156,735 518,450 324,847 202,377 312,720 133,975 216,596 295,856 189,201 1 2 ( a ) 7 20 ( a ) 2 ( a ) 3 ( a ) 41 ( a ) 5 ( a ) 10.1 18 9 ( a ) 7 50 ( a ) 9 4 30 ( a ) 54 8 15 5 19 ( a ) 16 ( a ) 3 50 102 5 1 38 26 99 2 15 ( a ) 32.5 90 41 68 55 85 48 ^5 74 61 48 118 52 101 180 75.4 Data incomplete. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 5 5 Table 37. — Consumption of Limestone {Continued) County Adams Brown Cass Christian. . . Champaign. Clark Coles Cumberland DeWitt Douglas. . . . Edgar Fulton Hancock. . . Henderson. . Knox Logan Macon Marshall. . . Mason McDonough McLean Menard. . . . Morgan. . . . Moultrie. . . Peoria Piatt Pike Putnam. . . . Sangamon. . Scott Schuyler. . . Shelby Stark Tazewell. . . Vermilion. . . Warren Woodford. . . Farm land in crops (1929) Acres Pounds of Limestone per Acre 1933 Average for data available. Calhoun. . Greene. . . Jersey. . . . Macoupin Madison. . Monroe. . Randolph. St. Clair.. Average for data available. Group 3 277,310 80,291 146,012 319,031 514,120 145,009 209,790 108,915 188,278 205,598 269,689 300,163 283,251 191,106 274,189 304,439 272,508 160,608 228,930 230,365 587,468 141,309 221,958 163,885 216,423 217,725 251,943 59,772 368,786 91,619 138,184 291,314 127,343 287,997 412,415 224,789 238,169 Group 4 71,970 181,258 114,569 272,761 267,696 128,509 196,678 245,327 ( a ) 15 16 26 105 171 134 138 86.4 1934 ( a ) 122 93 116 115 257 168 52 131.8 1935 ( a ) 91 113 132 130 149 157 220 141.7 1926-1930 average ( a ) 55 37 59 7 23 11 108 24 8 13 91 12 19 25 46 8 20 13 49 79 160 212 178 5 14 9 43 15 49 69 50 26 18 18 50 6 21 26 49 12 26 29 29 5 20 12 27 ( a ) 15 7 51 ( a ) ( a ) 1 49 8 35 31 46 2 11 18 36 11 25 17 33 6 12 36 55 30 29 20 86 2 23 3 50 14 108 69 75 9 9 71 39 10 29 26 64 6 6 5 25 16 52 48 75 6 31 27 35 ( a ) ( a ) 159 125 8 2 7 78 7 22 31 45 9 6 3 116 7 2 7 36 12 10 23 44 8 21 22 47 12 27 24 66 5 12 12 45 6 2 4 29 14 46 39 93 12.3 27.7 32.0 60.0 52 151 198 98 206 419 250 286 209.9 a Data incomplete. 56 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 Table 37. — Consumption of Limestone( Concluded) County Farm land in crops (1929) Acres Pounds of Limestone per Acre 1933 1934 1935 1926-1930 average Alexander. . . Bond Clay Clinton Crawford. . . . Edwards. . . . Effingham. . . Fayette Franklin Gallatin Hamilton. . . . Hardin Jackson Jasper Jefferson . . . . Johnson Lawrence. . . . Marion Massac Montgomery. Perry Pope Pulaski Richland. . . . Saline Union Wabash Washington. Wayne White Williamson . . Average for data liable Group 5 49.556 126,912 163,655 188,070 118,315 84,133 164,133 237,164 109,587 98,154 154,223 30,345 164,628 170,030 168,303 73,623 111,798 187,582 63,905 255,255 132,068 69,469 59,876 128,237 115,918 105,293 91,773 214,242 236,695 182,452 111,266 ( a ) 15 1 58 11 26 28 6 22 6 11 20 43 4 7 3 4 21 6 19 33 10 ( a ) 6 53 75 14 154 2 13 24 23.9 ( a ) 20 1 84 13 33 51 9 47 3 15 80 66 7 16 40 27 27 ( a ) 25 64 36 3 6 107 59 32 110 4 22 34 35.9 2 99 6 176 23 31 121 34 61 ( a ) 24 ( a ) 73 39 38 46 40 81 1 42 155 ( a ) 2 28 18 68 33 197 6 16 35 53.4 232 212 70 238 145 83 146 71 95 47 31 15 130 36 68 36 57 82 68 103 123 23 67 61 43 121 71 196 20 75 64 91.2 Data incomplete. The trend of average consumption of agricultural limestone on crop lands, in pounds per acre, for the years 1926 to 1935 are given by districts in figure 7. This chart shows the more erratic average consumption of the southern Districts IV and V. The depression decrease in consumption began in 1930 in these two areas, while the northern areas did not decline to a marked degree until 1931. Since 1932 all five districts have shown an increase in the amount of stone applied per acre. AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE 57 \ / ^ \ / \ \ / / / . \ 1 / 1 \ \ £ J \ \ \ \ 1 \ i — \ ■2i \ 1 \ 1 i 1 i I N \ 1 i \ N \ \ t ^ ^ 1 i 1 i \ \ J 7 \ \ \ 1 — o Pi 1 1 \ \ 1 1 $1 °7 \ \ \ / \ / \ \ \ \ / 1 ^^ -^ f \ \ / / k. o£ <*£ \\ V \ \ / / / 0\S tfc\<£ ru \ \ / „ --'" \v \ \ / 1 . • DIS TRIC r_L> \\ V S s' ^-^ ^v N \ ,'' \/' y - — * s O> s "^ 1 1926 '27 '28 '29 '30 '32 '33 '34 *35 Fig;. 7. — Average Consumption of Limestone on Crop Lands, in Pounds Per Acre, By Districts (See Fig. 8), 1926-1935. ss ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 The percentage of the total consumption in 1935 of limestone that was brought into Illinois from outside sources decreased from the 1934 figure (Table 38). Of this imported stone, 70 per cent came from Indiana and about 29 per cent from Iowa, only a minor amount coming from Missouri and Wisconsin. Table 38. -Agricultural Limestone Produced in Other States and Marketed in Illinois, 1931-1935 (In tons) Tons consumed Per cent Year from outside of total producers consumption 1931. 31,160.55 11.6 1932. 15,231. 11.5 1933. 12,845. 6.7 1934. 56V095 . 16.2 1935. 54,803. 10.5 Although the total amount of agricultural limestone produced in other states and marketed in Illinois was less in 1935 than in 1934, this total is yet about three and one-half times the amount of limestone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, as given in Table 39. Table 39 shows the trend of Illinois limestone marketed in other states from 1931 to 1935. The yearly total has increased for the past three years but has not as vet reached the 1931 level of almost 17,000 tons. Table 39. — Agricultural Limestone Produced in Illinois and Marketed in Other States, 1931-1935 (In tons) Year Wis. Iowa Mo. Ky. Ind. Mich. Tenn. Total 1931 1932 650 37 263 80 2,232 130 500 ' " 41 " ""32" 9,570 3,311 5,299 9,093 10,102 4,764 850 421 1,546 4,135 1,450 683 730 238 1,095 16,971 5,107 1933 62 65 1 6,633 1934 1935 85 67 13,259 15,562 OTHER NON-METALLIC PRODUCTS 59 OTHER NON-METALLIC PRODUCTS The distribution and trends of production from 1933 to 1935 of structural non-metallic materials, by districts, are shown in tables 40 and 41. The districts may be identified by reference to figure 8. Road building has been one of the major outlets for sand and gravel in the past several years. The sharp decline in building activity which began in 1927 and continued until 1934 not only reduced the market demand for these materials, but increased their dependence upon highway construction and other public works. The market for limestone was similarly affected by the slump in building activity but, in the case of this material, a substantial market outlet is maintained in the agricultural limestone business. A close study of probable future trends in private construction as well as an analysis of future highway and public works programs are eventual in order to evaluate the future market outlook for these two groups of non-metallic minerals. 60 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 193 5 i ; x^TiT"' McHCNRY ) LAKE Fig. 8. — Index Map of Illinois Showing Location of Districts Ac- cording to Which Production of Sand and Gravel and Limestone (Tables 40 and 41) is Given. SAND AND GRAVEL 61 Table 40. — Production of Sand and Gravel 1933-1935 Illinois by Districts, District Number (See Fig. 8) 1933 a 1934 a 1935 a c Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value I, II III.. IV. . V... VI. . I, II III.. IV. . V... VI.. I, II. III.. IV.. V... VI. . I, II III.. IV.. V... VI.. I, II III.. IV.. V... VI.. Structural Sand 242,395 123,767 162,989 170,774 24,443 $114,680 58,830 86,923 57,446 7,973 152,254 124,174 149,003 174,142 6,529 $ 61,102 62,236 86,760 88,119 4,206 Paving and Roadmaking Sand 373,432 114,351 311,061 191,587 94,677 246,330 124,107 187,030 ( b ) 15,774 165,393 58,522 156,236 60,341 46,970 468,029 90,399 257,360 129,084 69,833 138 ,252 45 ,296 125 ,761 63 ,687 46 ,736 Structural Gravel 122,369 62,809 112,679 ( b ) 10,507 267,251 151,172 169,700 ( b ) 9,986 113 741 91 423 100 462 ( b ) 5 561 Paving and Roadmaking Gravel 730,143 215,251 598,578 ( b ) 104,819 336,305 110,171 308,790 ( b ) 70,333 632,601 228,104 350,220 ( b ) 80,263 227,890 112,166 181,942 ( b ) 58,604 Railroad Ballast Sand and Gravel 246,640 16,660 116,540 102,784 8,290 43,966 233,500 ( b ) 40,654 79,556 ( b ) 22,237 506,158 215,725 187,012 129,069 28,908 182,713 102,235 369,122 138,000 36,830 749,716 230,936 279,312 ( b ) 42,704 283,136 418,435 577,977 ( b ) 72,446 783,917 25,480 57,284 194 ,020 80 ,560 98 ,855 73 ,657 17 ,867 71 707 40 263 152 673 77 100 24 768 318 737 113 692 158 577 ( b ) 24,063 127 332 181 198 256 335 ( b ) 36 536 226,004 10,527 27,706 I, II III.. IV.. V... VI.. I, II. III.. IV.. V. .. VI.. Illinois. ( b ) n ( b ) ( b ) ( b ) 24 711 776,302 28 762 ( b ) 37 517 172 107 942 815 20 028 ( b ) 54,719 85 624 1,177 005 22 699 ( b ) 30,428 1,862,651 1,370,438 1,404,960 379,462 299,274 5,316,784 Other Sand and Gravel 8,430 959,725 21,836 ( b ) 15,949 Total Sand and Gravel 852,481 1,925,742 706,165 1,258,347 1,554,797 1,501,320 730,430 1,085,820 591,536 130,998 344,680 170,823 161,189 248,428 157,702 11 429 ,137 295 49 502 ( b ) 73 640 $3,133,445 5,159,467 $3,127,546 2,517,882 2,130,106 1,520,209 349,820 294,888 6,812,905 ( b ) 5,374 1,607,055 32,603 ( b ) 48,452 961,194 2,033,295 726,749 175,971 168,994 $4,066,203 a Commercial producers only. c Preliminary figures. See final totals in Table 1, p. not available. Final figures for separate districts 62 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1935 Table 41. — Production of Limestone in Illinois by Districts, 1933- 1935 District Number (See Fig. 8) 1933 a 1934 a 1935 a c Tons Value Tons Value Tons Value I... II. Ill IV. V. . VI. I.. II. Ill IV. V. VI. I... II. Ill IV. V. VI. Road Metal and Concrete 702 ,241 410 816 45 142 47 563 462 142 91 582 $403,662 290 ,973 36 ,000 51 ,855 334 401 84 647 ,102,415 515,687 119,533 183,668 641,903 104,036 $693,510 370,156 109,939 189,177 502,272 98,349 189 ,779 364,088 146 ,578 88 ,424 659 ,205 68 ,420 36 40 9 14 104 750 812 903 621 818 14,346 Agricultural Limestone 22,350 22,279 10,875 17,434 75,651 12,533 48 ,400 76 ,600 10 ,824 59 ,543 23 ,596 29 ,845 30 ,650 48 ,661 9 ,173 47 ,208 131 ,267 24 ,802 34,055 55,753 14,154 20,369 166,084 29,665 Rubble and Rip Rap 19,450 ( b ) ( b ) 84,880 ( b ) 19,200 ( b ) ( b ) 89,618 ( b ) ( J ( b ) 25,186 124,507 ( b ) ( b ) 15,258 122,876 ( b ) ( b ) 15,257 ( b ) 75,504 ( b ) $661,830 262,977 112,702 86,176 567,097 51,386 I II Ill ( b ) 64,753 Railro ( b ) 47,693 ad Ballast 96,467 119,648 51,234 89,633 125,872 227,764 62,835 167,646 IV V ft ( b ) ( b ) ft ( b ) ft ( b ) ( b ) ( b ) VI 15,858 34,591 11,366 24,895 114,917 20,077 I 130,800 ] 71,880 Flux 251,800 142,250 332,025 169,802 II III . IV ft ( b ) ft ( b ) 1,088 ( b ) 1,584 ( b ) ( b ) 5,079 ( b ) V 6,429 VI ( b ) 16,554 ( b ) 72,804 ( b ) I ft ft ft ( b ) 9,774 Miscellanec ft ft ft ( b ) 37,544 )us Limestc ft ft ( b ) 8,949 7,296 me ( b ) ( b ) ( b ) 25,321 26,470 65,365 25,515 ( b ) 24,029 131,891 68,226 II 33,119 Ill IV V ( b ) 49,521 155,386 VI I II 954,541 523,362 55,725 70,987 682,767 109,979 Total 557,492 355,328 49,450 94,457 551,580 100,943 Limestone 1,618,389 718,100 131,627 278,434 1,013,370 141,640 1,029,048 518,873 126,624 278,548 796,724 131,834 1,864,057 688,377 164,392 135,391 1,073,773 101,848 1,101,946 514,887 Ill 126,522 IV V VI 163,580 943,724 76,722 Illinois 2,397,361 $1,709,250 3,901,560 $2,881,651 4,027,838 $2,927,381 a Commercial producers only. b Concealed in total; less than three producers. Preliminary.