LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN H62 111. Hist. Surv Lt68.2j HISTORY ^ Madison County, i^m ^ Bitli ^io0ra|iliifa! ^\^\i\\n of mniiu proiiiiiiciit l|{cii \\\\A pioiiccro PUBLISHED BY "w. K.. bi^hstk: &c go EDWARDSVILLE ILL. ^^^i882^^J-*- PREFACE, ^ ^ HE picblishcrs desire to rcticni their sincere thanks to all who have aided in tnaking (his work thorough and complete. For some of the inci- dents relative to the early settlement of the county we a7'e indebted to a feT-o of the older inhabitants. In localizing events, and cor- recting dates, we acknowledge our obligations to the writings of ex- Governor Reynolds, Rev. fohn M. Peck, Henry Tanner, yudge Hall, Gov. Ford, Washbuni s Life of Gov. Coles, the Atnerican State papers, and the zvrit- ings of the fesuit Fathers. Many old and valuable manuscripts, both in the French atid En- glish languages, have been examined. These rare papers have -made ititelligible some of the earliest incidents pertaining to this region of the State. For other facts we are indebted to a class of intelligent men and women, who, amid the ordinary pursuits of life have taken pains . to inform themselves as to the passing events of the county. Among those who have specially contri- buted to the completeness of this history are, Joseph Gillespie, Abraham Breath, E. M. West, I. B. Randall, John A. Prickett, J. R. Newman, Jesse Renfro, Thomas 0. Springer, Amos Atkins, Lu- ther W. Lyon, Don Alonzo Spaulding, B. F. Long, Hon. Wm. F. De Wolf, of Chicago, aitd offi- cers of the Chicago Historical Society, G. C Lusk, Nelson Montgomery, Wm. A. Lantermaji, M. G Dale, Abrahatn Preuitt, Wm. E. Wheeler, E K. Preuitt, Wm. W. Pearce, J. A. Bruner, lA. J . Parkinson, John W. Coventry, Henry C. [Gerke, V. P. Richmond, Alajor Franklin Moore, Susan Paddock, Mrs. John Mason, Mrs. fane R. Holliday, Mrs. Nancy Eberhardt, D. B. Gill- ham, Joseph Cliapman, Samuel Squires, Wm. C. McAlilly, Mrs. Nancy S. Barnsback, Mrs. Nan- j cy J. Barnsback, Bennet Posey, Dr. T. J. Irish, Alonzo Foster, George Howard, and many others. I We were also permitted by Mrs. Flagg, to ex- I amine the writings and manuscripts of the late Hon. Willard C. Flagg. And particularly are we indebted to W. T. Norton, editor of the Altoft Telegraph,for the opportunity of examining many of the old files of that paper. We also de- sire to return our thanks to the county officials for the many cotcrtesies extended. The editors of the several newspapers have also rendered assistance in that prompt and cheerful manner so character- istic of the journalistic profession. To the Clergymen of the various denominations, whose articles appear in this work, we express our thanks for information fwnished relative to the history of their churches. Among the chapters most fruitful in interest to a gredt number of our readers, will be found those which treat of the early history of the churches. We have endeavored, with all diligence and care- fulness, to make the best use of the material at our command. We have confined ourselves, as nearly as possible, to the original data furnished. The subject matter has been carefully classified, and will be a great help to the public as a book of ref- erence concerning the past of the county. We ex- pect criticism. All we ask is that it be fnade in the spirit of charity. We hope our patrons will take into account all the difficulties to be overcome, the car'e Jiecessary in harmonizinsr various mem- 41815 PBEFA CE. ories, and of reconciling diverse dates, and localiz- ing evetits. The fads are gathered from a him- dred different sources, and depend largely, not on exact zvritten records, but on the recollections of in- dividuals. We have tried to preserve the inci- dents of pioneer histoiy, to accurately present the natural features and material resources of the cotinty, and to gather the facts likely to be of most interest to our present readers, and of greatest im- portance to coming generations. If our ? xvill take into consideration the difficulties of the task, luefeel sure of a favorable verdict on our un- dertaking. We present the work to the public, trusting that they will approve our labors, attd give the volume a generous reception. The Publishers. TABLE OF CONTENTS, COUNTY HISTORY. PAGE. CHAPTER I. A Brief Sketch of the Nokth-West Territoey. Geographical Position— Early Explora- tions — Discovery of the Ohio — Eng- lish Explorations and Settlements — American Settlements — Division of the North-West Territory — Present Condition of the North-West. . . .9 25 CHAPTER II. Brief Histokical Sketch of Illinois. French Possessions— The first Settlements in Illinois — Founding of Kaskaskia — As a part of Louisiana — Fort Chartres — Under French rule — Character of the Early French Settlers— A Possession of Great Britain — Conquest by Clark —The " Compact of 1787 "—Land Tenures — Physical Features of the State — Progress of Development — Material Resources of the State — An- nual Products— The War Record — Civil Government — Territorial and State Officers — Miscellaneous Informa- tion 25-43 page. St. Louis, Vandalia and Terre Haute ; Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis ; St. Louis Bridge 44-54 CHAPTER IV. Geology. Loess, Drift, Carboniferous, Chester Lime- stone, St. Louis Limestone, Artesian Wells, etc ' 54-57 CHAPTER V. ANTIQ.UITIES. Cahokia, or Monk's Mound, the Mounds of the American Bottom, The Mound Builders ; The Indians ; Antique Pot- tery ; Images, Copper Implements, etc., and Description of Plates, represent- ing them, etc 58-64 CHAPTER VI. Flora. List of Native Woody Plants, Grasses, etc., etc. 64 CHAPTER III. Geography, Agricultural Besoubces and Railroad Facilities. Geography — Pojuilation — Topography — Timber — Hydrography — Mounds — Soil — Agriculture — Census — Trans- portation — Railroads, Chicago and Alton ; Wabash, St. Louis and Pa- cific ; Indianapolis and St. Louie ; Bock Island Division of C. B. and Q. , Fauna. Rodentia, or Gnawers, Reptiles, Class of Birds ; Raptores, Scansores, Rasores, Grallatores, Natatores, Insessores, etc. . 65 C'lLVrTER VII. Pioneers .vnd Early Settlements. Early French Settlers — Old Land Claims — Pioneer Americans — Capture of the Gillham Children by the Indians — Monks of the La Trappe— Settlers During the War of 1812-14 — Indian Troubles — Wood River Mas.'sacre — PAGE. Citizens of the County in 1815 — Subse- quent Settlements — The McMahan family massacre — Early Marriages — Marriage Certificates — Character of the Early Settlers — Pioneer Customs and Modes of life — Early Financial Condition of the County — Articles of Household Use — Prairie fires— Pioneer Schools and Churches — Early Mills — Early Agriculture — The first Orchards — Birds and Animals — Prairie Flies — Indian Treaty at Edwardsville — Items Concerning Slavery — Remarkable sea- sons and changes of Weather — Earth- quake of ISU — Navigation of the Mississippi, etc., etc 67-103 CHAPTER VIII. European Immigration. Early French Families — German Settlers — The Bohemians, The Irish, Swiss, English, Scotch, etc 103-113. CHAPTER IX. Civil History. Territorial Times 1812 to 1819— Slaves and Indentured Blacks— Slaves in the County — First Efforts of County Government — First will on Record — The Circuit Courts in Territorial Times — The County at the close of 1818 — Letter by a Citizen of Ridge Prairie — George Churchill and Mica- jah Cox' Addresses — County Boards from 1813 to 1849 - Statistics, Official Accounts, Tables, etc. — The Courts from 1819 to 1849— Trial and Execu- tion of Eliphalet Green— 1824,March 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Term — Justices of the Peace from 1827 to 1849 — Probate Courts — Retrospec- tion 1849 to 1882— Sketch of Edwards- ville, by H. C. Gerke (1831-'32)— Government of the County — County Courts from 1849 — Board of County Commissioners, January 24, 1847 to April 1876 — Addenda— Circuit Court Notes, 1849 to 1855—1855 to 1857— 1861 to 1873— Circuit Court, May Term, 1865—1873 to 1879— Probate Court, 1S49 to 1882— Conclusion. 113-181 CHAPTER X. The Besch and Bak. First Lawyers, Judges, and Early Courts —The Bench— The Bar— Non-Resi- dent Lawyers — Former Resident Law- yers— Present Members of the Bar. 181-197 CHAPTER XL The Peess. The Discovery and Invention of the Art of Printing — Early History of the Press — First Newspaper in Illinois and in Madison County — The Slavery Ques- tion, etc — The Alton Riots and Mur- der of Elijah Parrish Lovejoy — A brief History of all the Newspapers published in the county 197-216 CHAPTER XII. Patkiotism. War of 1812- The Black Hawk War 1831- 1832— War with Mexico— The War of the Rebellion. A Roster of the Men who Participated in each of the Wars, with a short sketch of the Regiments to which they belonged 217-265 CHAPTER XIII. The Common Schools. Early Schools iu the County — The Schools by Townships, etc 26^-272 Shurtleff College 272 Monticello Ladies' Seminary 275 Wyman Institute 276 PAGE. Baptist Church 301 Christian Church 323 Church of the Redeemer 328 Cumberland Presbyterian Church 324 French Congregation in Helvetia 331 German M. E. Church 291 Lutheran Church 329 Methodist Episcopal Church 277 Presbyterian Church 294 Protestant Episcopal Church 321 Roman Catholic Church 319 United Denomination 324 CHAPTER XIV. Ecclesiastical Histokv. A. M. E. Church 293 Allgemeine Christliche Kirche, Highland. 331 BIOGRAPHIES. Ambrosius, Conrad A 463 Anderson, John 462 Randle, Josias 359 Barnsback, Thos. J 449 Bartlett, Jesse 451 Becker, John 463 Boals, M. H 411 Boeschenstein, Jr. Charles 436 Bosom worth, Robert 359 Brown, James R 371 Brown, Ansel L 365 Bruuer, Capt. Jno. A 403 Brunner, Rudolph 499 Eulkley, Justus 406 Castagnetta, John 515 Chipron, C. P 436 Cole, HermonC 412 Coles, Gov. Edwai-d 350 Cotter, W. H 367 Grossman, S. V 355 Daech, William „372 Dale, Judge M. G 360 Estabrook, John 482 Fahnestock, Capt. Jno. T 368 Faires, William H 469 Fangenroth, Charles W 366 Forman, Wm. C 492 Gillespie, Judge Joseph 351 Gillespie, Judge David 358 Gillespie, Judge Matthew 362 Gonterman, Caleb B 450 Gruaz, Timothy ■ 436 Hardy, Dr. I. E 404 Hauskins, Elias 452 Herb, C. A 408 Hite, B. R 461 Hill, William E. 526 Hoerner, John S 437 Hotz, George 548 Ingham, Roland J Irish, T. J Jeffress, A. W Joesting, F. W Judd, M. D., Henry L Judy, Thomas Kleinwort, Hermann Lanterman, Wm. A 4S;_i Lindley, William 520 Mason, John 516 May, William 452 Mclnerney, J. J 412 McPike, Henry G 412 Merriman, Charles 517 Miller, Capt. John A 424 Mills, B. H 422 Mitchell, James 518 Montgomery, Nelson 364 Moore, Maj. Franklin 425 Nelson, Abra 405 Newsham, Maj.Thos. J 373 Newman, Zadock 486 Newman, J. R 4.S7 Norton, Wilbur T 411 Pearce, W. W 554 Perrin, Thomas H 411 Prickett, John A 353 Pyle, Abner 470 Searcy, George W 468 Semple, Gen. James 401 Smart, Alsey S 452 Smith, John H 450 Smith, W. A 488 Spies, Jacob 498 Springer, Thos. 0. ' 484 Springer, Wm. M. T 370 Squire, James 519 Tonsor, John M 410 Tontz, Jones 549 West, Hon. E. M 356 Worden, John C 542 CITY & TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. Alhambra 55^^ Alton 374 Chouteau 471 CoUinsville 453 Edwardsville 333 Fort Russell 475 Fosterburg 526 Godfrey 505 Hamel 531 Helvetia 42bb TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Jarvis 438 Leef 536 Marine 493 Moro 490 Nameoki 500 New Douglas 529 North Alton 400 Olive 523 Omph-Ghent 538 Pin Oak 444 Saline 545 St. Jacobs 463 Upper Alton 396 Venice 520 Wood River 414 ILLUSTRATIONS. Brown, C. C, Facing 528 Brown, Z. Facing 512 Brunner, Rudolph Facing 496 Buescher, William Facing 552 Cahokia Mounds, Facing 60 Castagnetta, J., Facing 412 Clark, James W., Facing 424 County Map Facing 9 Gulp, J. C Facing 424 Custom and Merchant Mills, . . . Facing 424 Ewan, J. T. Facing 424 Flick, C. H. Facing 416 Forman, William 0. Facing 420 Gait, William Facing 480 Gay, Hon. Newton S Facing 492 Graaz, Timothy, Facing 436 Harmist and Cook's Drug Store, . . Facing 348 Harris, T. N. Facing 520 Hickin, Edward Facing 524 Jeffress, A. W., Facing 509 Kaufmann, Gustav, Facing 552 Kellermann, Simon Facing 348 Klinke, Fritz Facing 524 Laengle, Henry, Facing 436 PAGE. Marsh, William W Facing 472 May, William Facing 452 Monk's Mound 58 Moore, Maj. Frank Facing 388 Mound Antiquities Facing 62 Neisler & Randall Facing 412 Old Log School House 267 Places of Public Interest, Edwardsville, Fac.344 Alton, . . Facing 396 Prange, Charles W Facing 464 President Park Mills, Between . . . 420-421 Public Buildings, Facing 179 Puncheon Bench 268 Ramsey, William Facing 428 Smart, Alsey S., Facing 495 Smith, W. A. Facing 488 Smith, John IL, Facing 448 Starner, G. J., Facing 482 Stenzel, Frank Facing 372 The Building where Lovejoy was murdered 388 Walter, Louis Facing 512 Watson, Henry Facing 472 Wiedmer, John Facing 424 Wood River Fort, 1812-1814 415 Worden, John C. Facing 542 Wyman Institute 276 PORTRAITS. Anderson, John 462 Barnsback, Thos. J. self and wife .... 449 Bartlett, Jesse 451 Brown, James R 371 Bruner, Capt. Jno. A 403 Bulkley, Justus 406 Cotter. W. H 3G7 Grossman, S. V 355 Daech, William 372 Dale, JudgpM. G 360 Estabrook, John, self and wife 482 Fahnestock, Capt. Jno. T 368 Faires, Wm. H 469 Fangenroth, Charles W. . Gillespie, Judge Joseph . Gillespie, Judge David. . . Gillespie, Judge Matthew Hardy, Dr. I. E Herb, C. A •. . Hite, B. B I'AQE. .366 . 351 . 358 . 362 . 404 . 408 , .461 Hotz, George 548 Irish, T. J 504 Joesting, F. W 409 Judy, Thomas, self and wife 5.35 Kinder, Mrs. Isabella 364 Lanterman, Wm. A 489 Mason, John, self and wife 516 Merriman, Charles 517 Mills, B. H 422 Mitchell, James 51S Montgomery, Nelson, self and wife . . . .364 Moore, Maj. Franklin 425 Nelson, Arba 405 Newman, J. R. self and wife 487 Pearce, W. W 554 Preuitt, Solomon Facing 480 Prickett, John A 353 Pyle, Abner 470 Semple, Gen. Tames 101 Smith, W. A. self and wife 4SS Springer, Wm. M. T 370 Spies, Jacob 498 Springer, Thos. 484 Squire, James 519 Tonsor, John M 410 Tontz, Jones 405 West. Hon. E. M 356 Worden, John C Facing 542 AmendraontB to the Constitution of the Uni- ted States 602 Constitution of Illinois 5S6 Constitution of United States 599 Declaration of Independence 59S Partial List of Patrons 555 JERSEY CO CLINTON H CO INTRODUCTION". I HERE are few stiulies more interesting and profitable to mankind than that of the past experiences, deeds, thoughts and trials of the human race. The civilized man and the untutored sav- age alike desire to know the deeds and lives of their ancestors, and strive to perpetuate their story. National patriotism and liter- ary pride have prompted many, in all times, to write and preserve the annals of particular peoples. But narrow prejudice and selfish interests too often have availed to suppress the truth or to distort facts. It is the aim of this work to coUe-taad preserve, in enduring and popular form, .some of the facts of the early settlement, and sub-sequent growth of a great county of a grand State. The fam- ilies whose ancestors were early on the ground, and whose mem- bers have made the county what it is, are worthy of remem- brance ; and their difficulties and sorrows, customs, labors and patriotism, should not be allowed to fall into oblivion. By a knowledge of these the present generation will be instructed, and the future will be guided. All history, if projjerly written, is interesting ; and there is not a town, city or hamlet, — nay, we might say, not a family or an individual on the globe, — whose history might not be more or less valuable to posterity. From the ancient days, away back in the dim aud shadowy past, when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence sufficient to enable them to transmit a traditionary or written account of themselves, all along down the teeming ages, cue pro- genitors have left in various ways, and by different means, infor- m ition, more or less mythical, of the age and generation in which they played their ephemeral part on the world's ever-changing theatre of action. It is graven in bronze on tha wjnierful wjrks of the central nations of Africa, around those " dim fountains of the Nile ;" the gray old pyramids in the valley of " tweiiti/ thou- sand cities " are coverei with the hieroglyphical language of the " shadowy past." The vast and mighty " palaces and piles stu- pendous," hoary with the dust of unknown centuries, that be- wilder the traveler 'mid Egypt's drifting sands, upon the plains of the E.iphrates, and hidden away in the tiger-hunted jungles of the " farthest Ind ;" the gigantic ruins of Southern and Cen- tral America, under the snow-capped Cordilleras and among the wondrous forests of Yucatan ; the seamed and wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a powerful civilization scattered through- out the great valley of the Mississippi, all bear testimony of countless attempts to transmit knowledge to posterity. The written historj' of the American Continent dates back scarcely four centuries, yet within that comparatively short pe- riod its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her grand rivers and mighty inland seas, valuable additions to the world's stock of knowledge. Like the Eastern Continent, our own has its historic points, — its nuclei around which cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the story of martyrs, and the legends of a barbarous past. St. Augustine, Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Quebec, Montreal, Bos- ton, New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis and Kaskaskia are localities about which gather volumes of history. The advance of civilization on the North American Conti- nent has been more rapid than in any other portion of the globe ; and, within the memory of living men, the fairest and richest portions have been wrested from the dominion of the wilderness and the savage, and changed into a highly-cultivated region, filled with a race of industrious and thriving people. Prominent among the localities rich in historic lore is the region of the Mississippi river. It early claimed the attention of two of the most powerful nations of Europe, whose pioneers and avant cour- iers were boldly pushing into the then unknown countries lying towards the " Great South Sea," eagerly looking for gold and precious stones, for fabled Eldorados, and fertile lands. Dim traditions, fragmentary legends, stories of bloody war- fare, of disaster and defeat ; essays, letters, and public documents, all bearing, more or less, upon the history of the county, have been carefully examined. To collect and arrange in one volume these various frag- ments, this abundant material, and to give the cream of all the best authors who have treated the subject, together with all addi- tional information it was possible to obtain, and present it in readable form, has been the object of the publishers of the pres- ent work. We know, full well, the task was not a light one ; the con- templated work was by no means a holiday frolic. Hard, steady application aud untiring energy were necessary to accomplisli it. IXTRODUCTION. The utmost pains have been taken to read thoroughly and compare carefully the various writers, and to sift out and recon- cile discrepancies, for historians not unfrequently disagree upon minor points. The work of reading and comparing was no ordi- nary one, and the difficulty has not been so much in collecting as in nuiking a judicious and truthful use of the abundant ma- terial at hand. The traditions of the Indians, as given by Heckewelder and others, have been quoted, as an important factor in the sum total of knowledge concerning this region ; and the early discov- eries of Marquette, La Salle, Hennepin, and other French adven- turers in the valley of the Mississippi and the basin of the great lakes of the Northwest, with a brief sketch of the title to the fee of the millions of acres of prolific soil within its splendid domain have also demanded a large share of attention, as preliminary to tiie troubles which grew out of the conflicting claims of the French and English crowns, resulting in a contest for supremacy, md in which not only all the contiguous region, but the entire French and English possessions in America, a large share of Eu- rope, and immense regions in Asia and the islands of the sea, ivere interested and involved. Another object to be gained by this work, is to bring to the .ijtice of the people, the immense resources which a bountiful Providence has bestowed upon them, and which it becomes, not merely a privilege to use, but a duty to improve. How little is now known of these treasures, and how greatly profitable such information may be, needs only a thought to comprehend. Our fortile soils, our noble timber trees, our genial climate, our inex- iaustible mineral treasures, and our easy facilities for commerce, iro, in a great degree, unknown even to our own population. This volume seeks to develop an appreciation of them, and to itimulate a desire to improve and extend them. Tlien, local customs, old family traits and anecdotes are so •icli in interest and so full of instruction to the young, that they )Ught never to be forgotten. These, sa many as time and dili- ;t'n(!e could gather, are hare recorded and will be found to form I ) unimportant or uninstructive portion of this volume. Amoug ihe most influential agencies in building a nation, and in establishing a character for its people, are the efforts of its citizens to educate their children and to provide for social re- ligious worship. These two interests will, therefore, show most accurately the tastes, the habits and aspirations of a community. Hence they have been made prominent in the ensuing nar- rative, and it is confidently hoped that they will not only interea our readers, but will be studied and appreciated. The work will be found embellished with views of public and private property, in various parts of the county, and with portraits and biographies of many of the prominent men of the past and present. The chapters on the North- West Territory, and on the early history of the State, will be found interesting and instructive. The Constitution of the United States and of this State, and a roster of the soldiers of the War of 1812, Black-Hawk, Mexican War, and of the late Rebellion, have been inserted with a view to make the work more creditable, alike to the publishers and people of the county. The work may be incomplete in some particulars. Nor in- deed is it possible for it to be otherwise ; but we hope, so far as it goes, it is truthful and accurate. We trust, however, that it will be the means of preserving from the empire of decay a host of incidents, recollections, and anecdotes, relating to the hardy pioneers and first settlers of the county, which, in the estimation of the historian and student of history, are of priceless value, but which otherwise would soon fade from the memories of the living. Whether this has been well done, is not for us to say. A generous and intelligent public must decide. It is not permitted any man to attain perfection. Its regions lie beyond our reach. We feel, however, in submitting this work to the inspection of the patrons, whose public spirit made possible its preparation, that satisfaction which results from a consciousness of faithful endeavor and an earnest desire to fulfil the expectations of all. Our work is accomplished, and its result is submitted, with tranquility, to your inspection. HISTORY MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS CHAPTER r. A BRIEF SKETCH GF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. ,N 1784 the North Western Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia. It embraced only the territory lying be- tween the Ohio and Mississipjii rivers; and north, to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, and that portion of JMinncsota lying on the east side of the Mississippi river. On the first day of March, I7S4, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in Congress on the part of Vir- ginia, executed a deed of cession, by which they transferred to the United States, on certain conditions, all right, title and claim of Virginia to the country known as the North- western Territory. But by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was ex- tended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles, being greater than the united areas of the Middle and Southern states, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign states and eight territories, with an aggregate population at the present time of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one-third of the entire population of the LTnited States. Its rivers are the largest on the continent, flowing thous- ands of miles through its rich alluvial valleys and broad, fertile prairies. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, upon whose bosom floats the commerce of many states. Its far-stretching prairies have more acres that are arable and^sroductive than any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last quarter of a century the increase of popula- tion and wealth in the north-west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. EAKLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1512, on Easter Sunday, the Spanish name for which is Pascua Florida,* Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade of Columbus, discovered the coast of the American continent, near St. Augustine, and in honor of the day and of the blossoms which covered the trees along the shore, named the new-found country Florida. Juan had been led to undertake the discovery of strange lands partly by the hope of finding endless stores of gold, and partly by the wish to reach a fountain that was said to exist deep within the forests of North America, which possessed the power of renovating the life of those who drank of or bathed in its waters. He was made governor of the region he had visited but circumstances prevented his return thither until 1521 ; and then he went only to meet death at the hands of the Indians. In the meantime, in 1516, a Spanish sea-captain, Diego Miruelo, had visited the coast first reached by Ponce de Leon, and in his barters with the natives had received con- siderable quantities of gold, with which he returned home and spread abroad new stories of the wealth hidden in the interior. Ten years, however, passed before Pamphilo de Narvaes undertook to jsroseoute the examination of the lands north of the Gulf of Mexico. Narvaez was excited to action by the late astonishing success of the conqueror of Montezuma, but he found the gold for which he sought constantly flying before him ; each tribe of Indians referred him to those living farther in the interior. And from tribe to tribe he and his companions wandered. They suScred untold priva- tions in the swamps and forests ; and out of three hundred followers only four or five at length reached Mexico. And still these disappointed wanderers persisted in their original fancy, that Florida was as wealthy as Mexico or Peru. *Pascum, the old English "Pash" or Passover; " Pasciia Florida" is the " Holyday of Flowers." 10 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Among those who had faith in that report was Ferdinand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquests of Peru. He asked and obtained leave of the King of Spain to con- quer Florida at his own cost. It was given in tlie year 13o8. With a brilliant and noble baud of followers he left Europe and in May, 1538, after a stay in Cuba, anchored his vessels near the coast of the Peninsula of Florida, in the bay of Sl)iritu Santa, or Tampa bay. De Suto entered upon his march into the interior with a determination to succeed. From June till November of 1539, the Spaniards toiled along until they reached the neighborhood of Appalachee bay. During the next season, 1540, they followed the course suggested by the Florida Indians, who wished them out of their country, and going to the north-east, crossed the rivers and climbed the moun- tains of Georgia. De Soto was a stern, severe man, and none dared to murmur. De Soto passed the winter with his little baud near the Yazoo. la April, 1541, the resolute Spaniard set forward, and upon' the first of May reached tlie banks of the great river of the West, not far from the 35tli parallel of latitude.* A month was spent in preparing barges to convey the horses, many of which still lived, across the rapid stream. Having successfully passed it, the explorers pursued their way northward, into the neighborhood of New Madrid ; then turning w'estward again, marched more than two hun- dred miles from the Mississippi to the highlands of White river ; and still no gold, no gems, no cities — only bare prai- ries, and tangled forests, and deep morasses To the south again they toiled on, and passed their third winter of wander- ing upon the Washita. In the following spring (1542), De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, descended the Washita to its junction with the Mississippi. He heard, when he rf ached the mighty stream of the west, that its lower portion flowed through endless and uninhabitable swamps. The news sank deep into the stout heart of the disap- pointed warrior. His health yielded to the contests of his mind and the influence of the climate. He appointed a successor, and on the 21st of May died. His body was sunk in the stream of the Mississippi. Deprived of their ener- getic leader, the Spaniards determined to try to reach Mexico by land. After some time spent in wandering through the forests, despairing of success in the attempt to rescue them- selves by land, they proceeded to prepare such vessels as they could to take them to sea. From January to July 1543, the weak, sickly band of gold-seekers labored at the doleful task, and in July reached, in the vessels thus built, the Gulf of Mexico, and by September entered the river Pauuco. Oue-half of the six huadred f who had disem- barked with De Soto, so gay in steel and silk, left their bones among the mountains and in the morasses of the South, from Georgia to Arkansas. De Soto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened ■« DeSoto probably was at the lower Chickasaw bluffs. The Spaniards called the Mississippi Rio Grande, Great River, which is the literal meaning of the aboriginal nauie. t De Biedna says tliere landed lijii ni™. such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by De Soto's defeat. As it was, for more than a century after the expedition, the west remained utterly unknown to the whites. The French were the first Europeans to make settlements on the St. Lawrence river and along the great lakes. Quebec was founded by Sir Samuel Champlaiu in 1608,* and in 1G09 when Sir Henry Hudson was exploring the noble river which bears his name, Champlain ascended the Sorrelle river, and discovered, embosomed between the Green moun- tains, or " Verdmont," as the chivalrous and poetic French- man called them, and the Adirondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is indissolubly attached. lu 1613 he founded Montreal. During the period elapsing between the years 1607 and 1664, the English, Dutch, and sSwedes alternately held pos- session of portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open battle, until, in the latter year, the English became the sole rulers, and maintained their rights until the era of the Revolution, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing power of their colonies, and retire from the field. The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le Caron, a Franciscan friar, who had been the companion and friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, which he did in 1616* in a birch canoe, exploring lake Huron and its tributaries. This was four years before the Pilgrims " Moored their bark on the wild New England shore." Under the patronage of Louis XIII, the Jesuits took the advance, and began vigorously the work of Christianizing the savages in 1632. In 1634, three Jesuit missionaries, Brebeuf, Daniel, and Lallemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the Iroquois, (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also established others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. From a map published in 1660, it would appear that the French had at that date, become quite familiar with the region from Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, includ- ing considerable portions of Lake Michigan. In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Raymbault embarked on the Peuetanguishine Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived after a passage of seventeen days. A crowd of two thousand natives met them, and a great council was held. At this meeting the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the great lakes. Father Raymbault ditd in the wilderness in 1642, while enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The same year, Jogues and Bressani were captured by the Indians and tortured, and in 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1640, the mis.sions St Louis and St. Ignatius « Western .\iiu.ils. HISTORY OF MADISOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 11 were also destroj'cd, and Fathers Brebeuf and Lallemaud barbarously tortuivd by the same terrible and unrelenting enemy. Literally did those zealous missionaries of the Romish Church "take their lives in their hands," and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of their faith. It is stated by some writer that, in 1G54, two fur traders accompanied a band of Ottaivas on a journey of five hun- dred leagues to the west. They were absent two years, and on their return brought with them fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty Indians to the French trading posts. They related wonderful talcs of the countries they had seen, and the various red nations they had visited, and described the lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowing terms. A new impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and adjacent country, and a party wintered in lGo9-00 on the south shore of Lake Superior. In IGGO Father Mesnard was sent out by the Bishop of Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. While crossing the Keeweenaw Point he was lost in the wilder- ness and never afterwards heard from, though his cassock and breviary wore found long afterwards among the Sioux. A change was made in the government of Xew France in IGGo. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled it since 1G3'2, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, Courcclles Governor, and Talon Intendent.* This was called the Government of the West Indies. The Jesuit missions were taken under the care of the new goYcnment, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement to Christianize the savages. In the same year (_lG6o) Pierre Claude Alloiiez was sent out by way of the Ottawa river to the far west, via the Sault St. Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at the bay of Chegoimegon. Here he found the chief village of the Chippcicag, and established a mission. He also made an alliance with them and the Sacs, Foxes and Illinois,'f against the formidable Iroquois. Alloiiez, the nest year (IGGG) visited the western end of the great lake, where he met the Sioux, and from them first learned of the Missis- sippi river which they called "Mcssipi." From thence ho returned to Quebec. In 1GG8 Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette estab- lished the mission at the Sault called St. ^larie, and during the next five years Alloiiez, Dablon and Marquette explored the region of Lake .Superior on the south shore, and ex- tending to Lake jMichigan. They also established the mis- sions of Chegoimegon, St. Marie, Mackinaw and Green Bay. The plan of exploring the ^lississippi probably origijaated with ^larquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Inten- dent, Talon, who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the whole West. la 1 G70 Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a congress of all the nations .and tribes living in the vicinitv of the lakes; and, in 1G71, a great council was held at Sault St. INIarie, at which the Cross was set up, and the nations of * The duties of Intendent included a supervision of t'.ie poliey, justice and finance of the province. t The m:;an!n3 of this word i.i said to be " Men." the great North-west were taken into an alliance, with much pomp and ceremony. On the loth of May, 1673, Marquette, Joliet, and five voyageurs, embarked in two birch canoes at Mackinaw and entered Lake Jlichigan. The first nation they visited was the " FoUes-Avoines," or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menomonie3, living around the " Baie des Puans," or Green Bay. These people, with whom Marquette was some- what acquainted, endeavored to persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They represented the Indians on the great river, as being blood-thirsfy and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being inhabited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes together.* Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the Fox River, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids and visited the village, where they found living in harmony together tribes oi X\\& Miamis, i[ascoiLtens-\ ami Kikabeauz or Kicl-ajioos. Leaving this point on the 10th of June, they made the portage to the " Odisconsin," and descended that stream to the Mississippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette saj-s, which he could not express.''^ Sailing down the Mississippi, the party reached the Des Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village some two leagues up the stream. Here the people again tried to persuade them from prosecuting their voyage down the river. After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this hospitable people, they proceeded on their way, escorted by six hundred persons to their canoes. These people called themselves Illinois, or Illinl The name of their tribe was Periiaca, and their language a dialect of the Alfjonquin. Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Passing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admira- tion of the traveller, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the Fclcitan^.ni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the condition of its waters, which they described as " muddy, rushing and noisy." Passing a great ruck, § they came to the Ouabouskigon, or Ohio. Marquette shows this river very small, even as com- pared with the Illinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the Alamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being destroyed by the natives; but they finally paci- fied them, and, on the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among, the most important of that age. Maniuette afterwards returned to Illinois, and preached to the natives until 1075. On the 18th of May of that year, while cruising up the eastern coast of Lake Jlichigan with a party of boatmen, he landed at the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since known as the river Marquette. He performed ma.s.s, and went a little apart to pray, and being • Sec legend of the great bird, the terrible " Piam," that devoured men and was only overcome by the sacrifice of a brave young chief. The rocks above jVlton, Illmois, have some rude representations of tliis monster. t Prairie Indians. ; ^I^ifl'^-'t'e's journal. J The grand (jw>:-. 12 If IS TOE Y OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. gone longer than his companions deemed necessary, they went in search of him, and found him dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing his labors, two other men were preparing to follow in his foot- step, and make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important discoveries. These were the Chevalier Robert de la Salle and Louis Hennepin. La Salle was a native of Rouen, in Normandy. He was educated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to Canada, in 1GG7, where he engaged in the fur trade. Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely interested in the new discoveries of the West, and conceived the idea of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Governor-General, Count Frontenac, and de- sired his co-operation. The Governor at once fell iu with his views, which were strengthened by the reports brought back by Marquette and Joliet, and advised La Salle to apply to the King of France in person, and gave him letters of introduction to the great Colbert, then Minister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675, he returned to France, where he was warmly received by the King and nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to, and every possible favor shown to him. He was made a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston) upon condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. Returning to Canada, he wrought diligently upon the fort until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent and new privileges. On the 14th of July, 1678, he sailed from Rochelle, accompanied by thirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec on the 13th of Septeaiber, and after a few days' delay, proceeded to Frontenac. Father Lewis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet sect, was' quietly working in Canada on La Salle's arrival. He was a man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accompany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, and to open trade with them, La Salle himself em- barked, on the 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross Lake Ontario. This was the first shij) of European build that ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in beating uji the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle constructed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, about six miles above the falls. In the meantime La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac to forward supplies for his forthcoming vessel. The little barque on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large amount of the supplies she carried was lost. On the 7th of August, the new vessel was launched, and made ready to sail. She wa? about seven tons' burden. La Salle christened his vessel the "Griffin," in honor of the arms of Count Frontenac. Passing across Lake Erie, and into the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they en- countered heavy storms, as dreadful as those upon the ocean and after a most tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of Michillimackinac (Mackinaw), on the 27tli of August La Salle remained at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and peltries, he deter- mined to load his vessel and send her back to Niagara. On the 18th of September, she was sent under charge of a pilot while La Salle himself, with fourteen men,* proceeded up Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after stragglers, was to join him at the head of the lake. From the 19ih of September to the 1st of November, the time was occupied in the voyage up this inland sea. On the last-named day, La Salle arrived at the mouth of the river Mlainis, uow St. Joseph. Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month waiting for tidings of his vessel ; but, hearing nothing, he determined to push on before the winter should prevent him. Oa the 3d of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-M-ki, since corrupted into Kankakee. Embarking on this sluggish stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the rocky blufis, a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illinois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a quantity of maize stored here, and La Salle, being short of provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing down the stream, the party, on the 4th of January, came to a lake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct a fort. It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named Creve- Coeur -f (^brokeu-heart), most probably on account of the low spirits of the com- mander, from anxiety for his vessel and the uncertainty of the future. Possibly he had heard of the loss of the " Griffin," which occurred on her downward trij) from Green Bay ; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under ® Annals of the West, t The site of the work is at present unknowa. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 13 the lead of Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Niagara and Frontenac, to raise more means and enlist new men ; while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they were to strengthen in the meantime, and extend their intercourse with the Indians. Hennepm started on his voyage on the last day of Febru- ary, 1680, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, started on his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the Illinois Kiver, the Miami, and Lakes Erie j.nd Ontario, to Frontenac, which he finally reached in safety. He found his worst fears realized. The "Griffin" was lost, his agents had taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his goods. But he knew no such word as fail, and by the middle of summer he was again on his way with men and supplies for his band in Illinois. A sad disappointment awaited hira. He found his fort deserted and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During La Salle's absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, who came the long distance between the shores of Lake Ontario and the Illinois -River to make war upon the more peaceable tribes dwelling on the prairies. Uncertain of any assistance from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the savages, Tonti, in September, 1080, abandoned his position and returned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on the Illinois in December, 1G80, or January, 1681. Again bitterly disappointed. La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to return to Canada and start anew. This he did, and in June met his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. Hennepin in the meanwhile had met with strange adven- tures. After leaving Creve-Coeur, ho reached the ilis^is- sippi in seven days ; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the 11th of April reaching the Wisconsin line. Here he was taken prisoner by some northern Indians, who, however, treated him kindly and took him" and his companions to the falls of St. Anthony, which they reached on the first of May. These falls Hennepin named in honor of his patron saint. Hennepin and his companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly by their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band of French, led by one Sieur de Luth,* who, in pursuit of game and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Su- perior. "Willi his band Hennepin and his companions re- turned to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hen- nepin returned to France, where, in 1684, he published a narrative of his wonderful adventures. Robert Dc La Salle, whose name is more closely connected with the explorations of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river in the year 1682. Formal possession was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King. La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the Chickasaw Bluffs, where they had erected a fort * From tliio m:m undoubtedly comes the name cf Duluth. on" their downward vo3'agc, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti to communicate with Count Fronte- nac. La Salle himself reached the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From that point he sent Father Zenobe with his di.-patches to represent hira at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and to tha project of com])leting a fort, which he named St. Louis, upon the Illinois Kiver. The precise location of this work is not known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and fifty feet hi^h, and only acces-ible upon one side. There are no bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the description. It may have been on the rocky bluff above La Salle, where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. Upon the comj^letiou of this work La Salle again sailed for France, which he reached on the 13th of December, 1683. A new man. La Barre, had now succeeded Fronte- nac as Governor of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and this, with other untoward eircum- stances, no doubt led him to attempt the colonization of the ^lississippi country by way of the mouth of the river. Not- withstanding many obstacles were in his path, he succeeded in obtaining the grai.t of a fleet from the King, and on the 24th of July, 1684, a fleet of twenty-four vessels sailed from Rochclle to America, four of which were destined for Lou- isiana, ar.d carried a body of two hundred and eighty people, including the crews. There were soldiers, artificers, and volunteers, and also " some young women." Discord soon broke out between M, de Beaujeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to worse. On the 20th of December they reached the island of St. Domingo. Joutel* was sent out with this party, which left on the 5;h of February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to a great stream which they could not cross. Here thoy made signals by building great fires, and on the 13th two of the vessels came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels were anchored under shelter. But again misfortume overtook La Salle, and the vessel was wrecked, and the bulk of supplies was lost. At this junc- ture M. de Beaujeu, his second in command, set sail and returned to France. La Salle now constructed a rude shelter from the timbers of his wrecked vessel, placed his people inside of it, and set out to explore the surrounding country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of course, disappointed : but found on a stream, which is named the Yaches, a good site fir a fort. He at once re- moved his camp, and, after incredible exertions, constructed a fortification sufficient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated on Matagorda Bay, within the present limits of Texas, and was called by La Salle Fort St. Louis. Leaving Joutel to complete the work with one hundred men. La Salle took the remainder of the company and era- barked on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he could. The savages foon became troublesome, and «.Toutol, histiirian of tlio voyage, accompanied La Salle, and subse- quently wrote his " Journal Uijtori.iue," wliicli w;u |)ubli:'hcd in Pari.s, 1713. u HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. on the 14tli of July La Salle ordered Joutel to join him with his whole force. They had already lost several of their best men, aud dangers threatened them on every side. It would seem from the historian's account of the expedition that La Salle began to erect another fort, and also that he became morose and severe in his discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only for the pur- pose of making further discoveries, Joutel leives in doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th day of January, 1687, with a company of about a dozen men, including his brother, two nephews. Father Anastasius, a Franciscan friar, Joutel, and others, and moved north-east- ward, as is supposed, until the 17th of March, when some of his men, who had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his nephews and two of his servants. This deed occurred on the 20th of March, on a stream called Cenis. In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of the Empire against Louis XIV., and England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Savoy took up arms, and Louis found himself battling with nearly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for an ally. This war ended with the peace of Eyswick in 1697. No material change took place in America, but the colo- nists were harassed and many of their people killed or car- ried captives to the Canadas. In 1688, the French posses- sions in North America included nearly the whole of the continent north of the St. Lawrence, and the entire valley of the Mississippi ; and they had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between which points they had three great.lines of communication, to wit : by way of Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin River; by way of Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers ; and by way of Lake Erie, the Maumee and Wabash Rivers, and were preparing to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. In 1699, D'Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second c f March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives " Malbouchia," and by the Spaniards, '■ La Palissadc," from the great number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, aud sati.sfying himself a-s to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to Franco. An avenue of trade was now opened out, which was fully improved. At this time a census of New France showed a total population of eleven thousand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of twelve years, ending with the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. This also extended to the American Colo- nies, and its close left everything as before, with the excep- tion that Nova Scotia was captured in 1710. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colonists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by France, under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by the United States, for the sura of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and the commerce of the Mi.ssissij)pi river, came under the charge of the United States. Although La Salle's labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country. Had established several ports, and laid the foundation of more than one settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia are to this day monuments of La Salle's labors; for, though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur), it was by those he led into the west that these places were peopled and civil- ized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored."* The French early improved the opening made for them, and before 1693, the Reverend Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and became the founder of Kas- kaskia. For some time it was merely a missionary station, and the inhabitants of the village consisted entirely of natives ; it being one of three such villages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. This we learn from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated " Aux Cascaskias, Autrement dit de I'lmmaculee concepcion de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." In this letter, the writer tells us that Gravier must be regarded as the founder of the Illinois mi sions. Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia,! while Peoria arose near the remains of Fort Crevecoeur | An unsuccessful attempt was also made to found a colony on the Ohio. It failed in consequence of sickness.§ In the north, De La Motte Cadillac, in June, 1701, laid the foundation of Fort Poutchartrain, on the strait, (le De- troit), || while in the southwest efforts were making to realize the dreams of La Salle. The leader in the last named en- terprise was Leraoine D'Iberville, a Canadian officer, who from 1694 to 1697 distinguished himself not a little by battles and conquests among the icebergs of the " Baye D'Udson or Hudson Bay." The post at Vincennes, on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wii-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly), was estab- lished in 1702. It is quite probable that on La Salle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the northwest, as it was not until this time that the atten- '>The autliorities in relation to La Salle are Hennepin : a narrative pub- lished in the name of Tonti, in 1697, but disclaimed by him (Charlevoix III, 365. Lettres Edifiantes. t Bancroft, iii. 196. t There was an Old Peoria on the northwest shore of the lake of that name, a mile and a half above the outlet. From 1778 to 1796 the inhabi- tants left this for New Peoria, (Fort Clark) at the outlet. American State Papers, .wiii. 476. I Western Annals. II Charlevoix, ii. 284. Le Detroit was the whole strait from Erie to Huron. The first grants of land at Detroit, ). e., Fort Pontchartrain, were made in 1707. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 15 tion of tne English was called to the occupation of this por- tion of the new world, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8th, 1750, says : " We have here whites, negroes, and Indians, to say nothing of the crossbreeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives within a space of twenty-one leagues, tituated between the Mississippi and another river, called the Karkadiad, (Kaskaskia). In the five French villages arc, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks, and some fcixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight liundred souls all told* Most of the French till the soil. They raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be con- sumed, and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans. ' Again, in an epistle dated November 17th, 1750, Vivier says : " For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Missis- sippi, one sees no dwellings ^= * * * New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hun- dred persons. To this point come all kinds of lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins, and bear's grease ; and above all pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez pest, where we have a garrison." Father Marest, witing from the post at Vincennes, makes the same observation. Vivier also says, " Some individuals dig lead near the surface, and supply the Indians and Can- ada. Two Spaniards, now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of ^lexico, and that if we would dig deeper we would find silver under the lead; at any rate the lead is excellent. There are also in this coun- trv, beyond doubt, copper mines, as from time to time, large pieces have been found in the streams. "f At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied in ad- dition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Maumee, in the country of the IViiamis, and one at Sandusky, in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the north-west, they liad stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, at Fort Poatchartraia (Detroit), at Michilli- mackinac or Massillimaciuac, Fox Kiver of Green Baj', and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of La Salle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim ou discovery and settle- ment. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, and learning of its wealth began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great profits arising therefrom. "Lettres Kdiffanto3 (Parin, 17S1), vii. 97-100. f Wostoni Annul i. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. The largest branch of the Mississippi river from the east, known to the early French settlers as la belle riviere, called "beautiful" river, was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La Salle, in 1669. While La Salle was at his trading-post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. While con- versing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea. In this statement the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. La Salle, believing as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to em- bark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Governor and the Intendent, Talon. They issued letters patent, authorizing the enterprise, but made no provisions to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary St. Sulpice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and La Salle ofiering to sell his improvements at La Chive to raise the money, the ofi'er was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which La Salle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty- four persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence. Two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present city of Rochester, New York. Here they exjDected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian from the Iroquois colony, at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them they could find guides, and oflered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of Niagara river, when they heard for the finst time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving among the Iroquois they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawnee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. -■ De- lighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey, and as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Juliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the west. He had been sent by the Canadian government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed and was on his way back to Quebec. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as La Salle had predicted, the Jesuit fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. After parting with the priests. La Salle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondago, where he obtained guides and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as 16 HI8T0RY OF IIADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. the falls of Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by La Salle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the west in 1669. When Washington was sent out by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty com- mandant at Quebec replied : "We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of La Salle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading iu the Ohio valley." ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. We have sketched the progress of French discovery in the valley of the Mississippi. The first travelers reached tha- river iu 1673, and when the year 1750 broke in upon the father of waters and the great north-west, all was still except those little spots upon the prairies of Illinois and among the marshes of Louisiana. Yolney, by conjecture, fixes the settlement of Vincennes about 1735.* Bishop Brute, of Indiana, speaks of a mis- sionary station there in 1700, aud adds : " The friendly tribes and traders called to Canada for protection, and then M. De Vincennes came with a detachment, I think, of Carignan, and was killed in 1735. ''f Bancroft says a mili- tary establishment was formed there in 1716, aud in 1742 a settlement of herdsmen took place. J In a petition of the old inhabitants at Vincennes, dated in November, 1793, we find the settlement spoken of as having been made before 1742.§ And such is the general voice of tradition. On the other hand, Charlevoix, who records the death of Vincennes, which took place among the Chickasaws, iu 1736, makes no mention of any post on the Wabash, or any missionary station there. Neither does he mark any upon his map, although he gives even the British forts upon the Tennessee and elsewhere. Such is the character of the proof relative to the settlement of Vincennes. Hennepin, in 1G63-4, had heard of the " Hohio." The route from the lakes to the Mississippi, by the Wabash, was explored 1676,|| and in Hennepin's volume of 1698, is a journal, said to be that sent by La Salle to Count Froutenac iu 1682 or '83, which mentions the route by the Maumee^ and Wabash as the most direct to the great western river. In 1749, when the English first began to think seriously of sending men into the west, the greater portions of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, of the nature of the vast wealth of these wilds. In the year 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had matured a plan and commenced movements, the o'ljcct of which was to secure the country beyond the Allegheniis to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, also, Governor Keith and James Logan, Secretary of the Province from 1719 to * Volncy's View, p. 33G. t Butler's Kentucky. J History U. S. iii. 346. I American State Papers, xvi. 32. II Histoirc Generul Dcs Voyages .\iv., 738. 1[Now called Miami. 1731, represented to the powers of England the necessity of taking steps to secure the western lands. Nothing, however, was done by the mother country, except to take certain diplomatic steps to secure the claim of Britain to this unex- plored wilderness. England nad from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to thj Pacific, on the ground that the dis- covery and possession of the sea coast was a discovery and possession of the country ; and as is well known, her grants to Virginia, Connecticut, and other colonies, were through from " sea to sea." This was not all her claims ; she had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This was also a strong argument. In the year 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, held a treaty with the five nations at Albany. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the six nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701 they repeated the agreement. Another formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs of the National Confederacy in 1726, by which their lands were conveyed in trust to Eng- land, " to be protected and defended by his majesty, to and for the use of the grantors and their heirs." The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1774, a purchase was made at Lancaster of certain lauds within the " colony of Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that as settlements increased, more should be paid. The commissioners from Virginia at the treaty were Col. Thomas Lee aud Col. William Beverly. As settlements extended, and the Indians -.egan to com- plain, the promise of further pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the Alleghenies to Logs- town. In 1784,* Col. Lee and some Virginians accom- ptinied him, with the intention of ascertaining the feelings of the Indians with regard to further settlements in the west, which Col. Lee and others were contemplating. The object of these proposed settlements was not the cultivation of the soil, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. Accordingly after Weiser's conference with the Indians at Logstown, which was favorable to their views, Thomas Lee, with twelve other Virginians, among whom were Lawrence aud Augustine, brothers of George Washington, aud also Mr. Hanbury, of London, formed an association whi.h they called the "Ohio Company," and in 1748 petitioned the king for a grant beyond the mountains. This petition was approved by the Engli-sh government, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to the petitioners half a million of acres within the bounds of that colony beyond the Alleghenies, two hundred thousand of which were to be located at once. This portion was to be held for ten years free of quit-rent, provided the company would put there one hundred families within seven years, and build a fort suffi- cient to protect the settlement. The company accepted the proposition, and sent to London for a cargo suited to the Indian trade, which should arrive in November, 1749. » Plain Faet^, pp.40, 1^3. HISTORY OF MAD IS OX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 17 Other compauiea were also formed about this time in Vir- ginia to colonize the west. On the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,000 acres from the line of Canada, on the north and west, was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, another of 100,000 acres to the Greenbriar Company. * The French were not blind all this time. They saw that if the British once obtained a stronghold upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent their settlements upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts, and so gain posses- sion of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1744, Vandreuil, the French governor, well knowing the conse- quences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the north- ivest, seized some of their frontier posts, to further secure the claims of the French to the west. Having these fears, and seeing the danger of the late movements of the British, Gallisoniere, then Governor of Canada, determined to place along the Ohio evidences of the French claim to, and possession of, the country. For that purpose he sent, in the summer of 1749, Louis Celeron, with a party of soldiers, to place plates of lead, on which were written out the claims of the French, in the mounds and at the mouths of the rivers. These were heard of by Willliam Trent, an Indian commissioner, sent out by Vir- ginia in 1752, to treat with and conciliate the Indians, while upon the Ohio, and mentioned in his journal. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August lOth, 1749, and a copy of the inscrip- tion, with particular account, was sent by De Witt Clinton to the American Anti<|uariau Society, among whose journals it may now be found. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations. In February, 1751, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about 150 miles above its mouth. From there he went down the Ohio Elver nearly to the falls, at the present city of Louisville, and in Novem- ber he commenced a survey of the company's lands. In 1751, General Andrew liCwis commenced some surveys in the Greenbrier country, on behalf of the -company already mentioned. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing their forts for defence, and in opening roads. In 1752 having heard of the trading houses on the Miami River, they, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort, or trading house was called by the English writers Pickawillany. A memorial of the king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawellanes, in the centre of the territory between Ohio and the Wabash." This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present city of Piqua, Ohio. The English were determined on their part to purchase a title from the Indians of lands which they wished to occup)', and in the spring of 1752, Messrs. Fry,f Lomax and Pat on •' Revised Statutes of Virginia. t Afterwards CommanJer-in-cliief over Washington, at the commence- meut of the French War of 1773. were sent from Virginia to hold a conference with the natives aft Logstown, to learn what they objected to in the treaty at Lancaster, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, the commissioners met the red men at Log.s- town. This was a village seventeen miles below Pittsburgh, upon the north side of the Ohio. Here had been a trading post for many years, but it was abandoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but the commissioners taking aside Jlontour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catherine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, being three-fourths of Indian blood, through his influence an agreement was efK'cted, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its fullest extent. Meanwhllethe powers beyond the seas were trying to out-manmuver each other, and were professing to be at peace. The Eoglish generally outwitted the Indians, and secured themselves, as they thought, by their polite conduct. But the French, in this as in all cases, proved that they knew best how to manage the n.atives. While these measures were taken, another treaty with the wild men of the debatable land was also in contemplation. And in Sep- tember, 175;\ William Fairfax met their deputies at Win- chester, Virginia, where he concluded a treaty. In the month following, however, a more satisfactory interview took place at Carlisle, between the representatives of the Iroquois, Delawares, Shawuees, Twigtwees, and Wyandots, and the commissioners of Penu.sylvania, Richard Peters, Isaac Norris, and Benjamin Franklin. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio, either as to the force, position, or purposes of the French, Robert Dinwiddle, then Governor of Virginia, determined to send to them another messenger, and learn if possible their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young surveyor, who, at the age of nineteen had attained the rank of major, and whose previous life had inured him to hardships and woodland ways ; while his courage, cool judgment, and firm will, all fitted him fur such a mission. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then hold considerable interest in western lands. He was twenty-one years old at the time of the appointment.* Taking Gist as a guide, the two, accom- panied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They Icfc Will's Creek, where Cumberland now is, on the 15th of November, and on the 22d reached the Monongahcla, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the six nations. Here he learned the position of the French, and also that they had determined not to come down the river until the fjllowing spring. The Indians were non-committal, they deeming a neutral position the safest. Washington, finding nothing could be done, went on to Ve nango, an old Indian town at the mouth of the French Creek. Here the French had a fort called Fort J\Iachault. On the 11th of December he reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, and upon the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few * Sparks' Washington, Vol. ii., pp. 42S-447. 18 fflSTOBT OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Indians, who still remained true to him. They reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, Commander of the French fort, sent by Washing- ton to Governor DiuwidJie, it was perfectly clear that the French would not yield the West without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished their fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was alive. Virginia was the center of great activities. Volunteers were called for, and from neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under Governor's proclamation, — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along th's river they were gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this j^oint, whither Trent had come for aisistance, for his little band of forty-one men, who were working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. The first birds cf spring filled the f jrest with their songs. The swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of spring and April showers. The leaves were appear- ing, a few Indian Scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand, and all was so quiet that Frazier, an old In- dian trader, who had been left by Trent in command of the new fort, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the M jnongahela. Bat though all was so quiet in that wilderness, keen eyes had seen the low entrenchment that was rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the valley, and on the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink ; — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes, filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. The fort was called on to surren- der: by the advice of the Half-King, Ward tried to evade the act, but it would not do. Contrecoeur, with a thousand men about him, said 'Evacuate,' and the ensign dared not refuse. That evening he supped with his captor, and the next day was bowed off" by the Frenchman, and, with his men and tools, marched up the Monongahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narra- ted show that the French were determined to hold the coun- try watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries : while the English laid claim to thecouatr/ by virtue of the discoveries by the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New Found- land to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first decisive blow had been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the fork, which they had so easily captured, and when com- pleted gave to the fort the name of Du Quesne. Washing- ton was at Will's Creek, when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched himself at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indi- ans marching against him, but was soon after attacked by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morn- ing of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned for cam- paigns, one against Fort Du Quesne, one against Nova Sco- tia, one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort Du Quesne was led by the famous Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those acquainted with Indian warfare, suflTered an inglorious de- feat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is gen- erally known as the battle of Monongahela or " Braddock's defeat." The war continued through various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7, when, at the commencement of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then secretary of state, afterwards Lord Chatham, active prepa- rations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one under General Amherst, against Louisburg; another under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third under General Forbes, against Fort Du Quesne. On the 2Gth of July, Louisburg surren- dered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captu red Fort Fronte- nac, and when the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illus- trious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduc- tion of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point; and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, without a blow ; and Wolfe, af:er making the memorable ascent to the plains o{ Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm. and on the 18Lh the city capitulated. In this engagement, Montcalm and Wolfe bjth lost their lives. De Levi, Mont- calm's successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the Euglish, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian war. It resulted iu the defeat of the French, and the fall of the city of Mon- treal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the Euglish. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Ibervill river in Louisiana, were ceded to Eugland. At the same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only re- maining French post iu the territory. He arrived there on HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, III IN IS. 19 the 9th of November, and summoned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the French army, surrendered. The North-west Territory was now entirely under the English rule. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to prevent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the dominion in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the great lakes, comprising a large territory, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States. In 1803 Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the north-west, were given, over to England ; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty in England, established himself at Fort Chartres, bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, dated December 30th, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Catho- lics who worshiped here and the right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the priv- ileges of Englishmen. During the years 1775 s-nd 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly established be- tween the Alleghenies and the Ohio river, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia, on July 5th, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from the chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Ca- hokia, and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi river south of the Illinois. In 1775 a merchant from the Illinois country, named Yiviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called (he "Wabash Land Company." On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs a deed for 37,497, 600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a Notary Public at Kas- kaskia. This and other land companies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all were frus- trated by the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consoli- dated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company ; " they afterwards made strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the war of the Revolution commenced, Ken- tucky was an unorganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Ilutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,00!) white and black inhabitants, the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia contained fifty houses, 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Missis- sippi river, about the year 1771 — when these observations were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 238 negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made : " Near the mouth of the river Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty fam- ilies from the beginning of the late Revolution ; there are twelve families at a small village at La Prairie Du Rochers, and nearly fifty families at the Cahokia village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philip's, which is five miles further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time contained, inclu- ding its neighboring towns, over six hundred white and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was under French rule, and remained so until ceded back to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Or- leans to the Uaited States. At De'roit, there were, accord- ing to Captain Carver, who was in the north-west from 1768 to 1776, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultiva- ted, the people being engaged in the Indian trade. On the breaking out of the Ravolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a comfjonent part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, and recog- nizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to tht-ir purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Ken- tucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges of electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway burgesses, to represent them in the assembly of the present state. The chief sjiirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move of unequalled boldness. He had been watching the move- ments of the British throughout the north-west, and under- stood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the post at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them easy access to the vari- ous Indian tribes in the north-west, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihilate the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General George Rodgers Clark. He knew that the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the north-west, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality ; by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily info Clark's plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies ; but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received on the second of January two sets of instructions : one secret, the other open. The latter authoriz- ed him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Ken- 20 HI8T0RY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm the troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos- ing rather to raise his men west of the mountains. Here he raised three companies and several private volunteers. Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, between the present sites of Louis- ville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he ap- pointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route. Here he an- nounced to the men their real destination. On the 24th of June he embarked on the river, his destination being Fort Massac or :\Iassacre, and then marched direct to Kaskaskia. The march was accomplished and the town reached on the eyeniug of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself, by surprise, without the loss of a single man or killing any of the enemy. Clark told the natives that they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the conflict they would, and he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foes. This had the desired effect- and the inhabitants at once swore allegiance to the Ameri- can arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6:h of July, they accompanied him, and through their in- fluence the inhabitants of the place surrendered. Thus two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the Eng- lish into the possession of Virginia. During the year (1779) the famous " Land Laws " of Virginia were passed- The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the north-west than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These grants confirmed in the main all grants made, and guaranteed to actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for sell- ing the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity vote.* These gentlemen opened their court on October, 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three thou- sand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, — George May, who assumed the duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1781) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Government of Spain exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river, f * Butler's Kentucky. t American Stat* Papers. The settlements in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was during this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this j-oung and enterprising commonwealth. The settlers did not look upon the building of the fort in a friendly manner as it arou.sed the ho.stility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship ap- peared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusu- ally severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always refered to it as the " Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following summer a party of Canadians and Indians, attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possesion of it in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolt- ing colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the con- test. They also made an attack on the settlements in Ken- tuckv, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable man- ner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress concerning the western lauds claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachu- setts and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this sub- ject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 17S0, to pass a law giving to the delegates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until September 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the states claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the Union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures, which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,Michigan,Wiscousin and Jlinnesota. In December of thesameyear, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might easily have been effected by Clark, had the necessary aid been furnished him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the North-West from British invasion lay in the capture and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the counties of Lincoln, Fayette, and Jefferson, and the act establishing the town of Louisville was passed. Virginia in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to,* and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary » American State Papers. HI8T0RY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 21 Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian Mis- sionary, whose baud of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1781 and 17S2 in the his- tory of the North- west. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyaudota. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practiced on the captives, many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of fron- tier outlaws. These occurred diiefly in the Ohio Valleys. Contemporary with them were several engagements in Ken- tucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruction. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of JS^ovember, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her unconquerable colonies; Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the lib- erty of America was assured. On the 19th of April follow- ing, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was proclaimed to the Army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the centre of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake, thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi River ; down its center to the 3 1st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalach- icola River; down its center to its junction with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and thencj down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the ce.3sationof hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians through- out Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whcse lands adventur- ous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. To remedy this evil. Congress appointed Commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the settlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the North-west she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of December preceding, authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the North- west Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To General Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situ- ated anywhere north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the village of Clarksville, about mid- way between the cities of New Albany and Jeffersonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and General Ilahli- mand at Detroit refused to evacuate, alleging that he had no orderj from his king to do so, settlers were rapidly gather- ing about the inland forts. In the spring of 17S4, Pittsburg was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says, " Pittsburg is in- habited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the North of Ireland, or even Scotland There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being brought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per hundred lbs. from Philadelphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town, four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persaasion, nor church nor chapel." Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabi- tants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians, who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished, they held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Con- gress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1781, that at Fort Mcintosh in 178.5, and through these vast tracts of land were gained. The Wabash Indians, how- ever, afterwards r-'fused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mis- sissippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the Western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of aflairs along the Mississippi respecting its navigation, and the trade of the Northwest, that body, had in 1783 declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded be- tween the two governments. Before the close of the year, 17S6, however, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and settlements thereon, and on the 14th of September Connecticut ceded to the general government the tract of land known as the '' Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the year a large tract of land was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a de- HISTORY OF 2IADIS0N COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ducticjii of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies, [ they received 750,000 acres bounded on the south bj the Oliio, on the east by the Seventh range of townships, on the , west by the Sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservatioa. In addition to this Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres [ to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was made by Virginia, 1784, a plan wag offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevail- ed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. By this proposition the Territory was to have been divided into ten States by parallels and meridian lines. There were, however, serious objections to this plan ; the root of the diffi- culty was in the resolution of Congress passed in October, 17tO, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts they desired a change, and in July 1786, the subjeet was taken up in Congress and changed to favor a division into not more than five States, and not less than three ; this was approved by the Legislature of Virginia. The subject was again taken up by Congress in 17S6, and discussed throughout that year, and until July 1787 when the famous " compact of 1787 " was passed, and the founda- ti.jn of the government of the Northwest laid. This compact is fully discussed and explained in the sketch on Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the Kew England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and being greatly pleased with them, ofilTed similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the follow- ing year. During the autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superlntendt ncy of General Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the surveyors and their assistant^, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hartford and proceed on their journey westward, the remainder to follow as soon as possi- ble. Congress in the meantime, upon the 3d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized iutrusions, and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair Governor of the Ter- ritory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now complete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of In- dian affairs, settlers from the east began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men djring the winter of 1787-8, pressing on over the Alle- ghenics by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland, westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Ycmghiogheny, where boats had been built, and a once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that mouth, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. General St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the North west not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, writ- tea out, and published by being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest said : " No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. I know many of its set- tlers personally, and there were never men better calculated to promote the welfare of such a community." On the 2,1 of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpore of naming the new born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the " Muskingum," but was afterwards changed to the name. Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette. Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Var- num, who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the judicial bench of the territory on the IGth of October 1787. On July 9, Governor St. Clair arrived^ and the colony began to assume form. The act of 1787 pro- vided two distinct grades of government for the Northwest, under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed on the governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th of July: these provid- ed for the organization of the miiitia, and on the next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the county of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the second of September the first court was held with imposing ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. The commander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the ]\Iusk- ingum reported four thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between February and June 17S8, many of whom would have purchased of the " Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been ready to receive them. On the 2Glh of November 1787 Symmes issued a pamphlet stating the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In January 1788, Mat- thias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest in Svmmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sec- tions upon which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one- third of this locality, he sold ihe other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the three about August HISTORY OF MADISOX COUNTY, ILLIXOIS. 23 commenced to lay out a town ou the spot, which was desig- nated as being Licking River, to the mouth of which they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington ; these settle- ments prospered but suffered greatly from the flood of 1T&9. Ou the 4th of March 1789, the Ci.nflitution of the United States went into operation, and on April oOih, George Washington was inaugurated President, and during the next summer an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The President at first used pacific means, but these failing, he sent General Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but was defeated in two battles, near the present city of Fort Wayne, Indiana From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1790, General St. Clair was appointed in couimand, and marched against the Indians ; but while he was encamped on a stream, the St Mary, a branch of the Maumee, he was attacked and defeated with a loss of six hundred men. General Wayne was then sent against the savages. In August, 1794, he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, com- pelled the Indians to sue for peace, and on the oOth of July, the following year, the treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large tract of country was ceded to the United States. Before proceeding in our uar- ra.ive, we will cause to notice Fort Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. Nearly all the great cities of the North-west, and indeed of the whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer struc- tures, known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Ponchartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud cities of Chicago, Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities ea t and west of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a num- ber of strong'y-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks were a story and a half high, while those composing the oiBeers' quarters were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. The whole was so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. Fort Washington was for some time the headquarters of both the Civil and Military governments of the North-western Territory. Following the consummation of the treaty vari- ous gigantic land speculations were entered into by difierent persons, who hoped to obtain from the Indians in Jlichigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. These were generally discovered in time to prevent the schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. On October 'II, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlers began to pour rapidly into the west The great event of the year 179G, was the occupa'ion of that part of the North-west including Michigan, which was this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British forces. The L'nited States owing to certain conditions, did not feel justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were called upon to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne who had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who before the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his headquarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after him was f jrmed, which included the north-west of Ohio, all of Michigan, and the north-east of Indiana. During this same year settlements were formed at the present city of Chillicolhe, along the Miami from Middletowu to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators began to appear in great numbers. In Sep- tember the city of Cleveland was laid out, and during the summer and autumn, Samuel Jackson and Jonathan Sharp- less, erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Kedstone Paper Mills" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, Indians and half- breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that part of the North-west. The election of re[)resentative3 for the territory had taken place, and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville— now known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and considered the capital of the territory, — to nominate persons from whom the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly adjourned until the 16. h of the following Sep- tember. From those named the President selected as mem- bers of the council, Henry Yandenburg, of Yincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findley, and Jacob Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Yauce, of Yanceville. Ou the IGth of September, the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24:h, the two houses were duly organized, Henry Yanden- burg being elected Prejident of the Council. The message of Gov. St. Clair, was addressed to the Legislature Septem- ber 20th, and on October l-'Jth, that body elected as a dele- gate to Congress, General Wra. Henry Harrison, who re- ceived eleven of the votes cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of General St. Clair. The whole number of acts passed at this session and approved by the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed but received his veto. The most important of those l)assed related to the militia, to the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this protracted session of the first Legislature in the West closed, and ou the SOlh of December the President nominated Charles Willing Byid, to the office of secretary of the Territory, vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. DIVISION OF THE NORTH-WEST TEEKITOEY. The increased emigration to the north-west, and extent of the domain, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost impossible ; to remedy this it was deemed advisable to divide the territory for civil purposes. Con- 24 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILIINOIS. gress, iu 1800, appointed a committee to examine the ques- tion and report some means for its solution. Tliis committee on the 3d of March reported : " In the western countries there had been but one court luiviug cog- nizance of crimes, iu five years, and the immunity which offenders experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned criminals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements iu such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assistance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * To remedy this evil it is expedient to the committee that a division of said territory into two distinct and separate governments should be made, and that such division be made by beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, running directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States and Canada." The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its suggestions, that body passed an act extinguishing the north-west territory, which act was approved May 7th. Among its provisions were these : " That from and after July 4 next all that part of the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio river, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence North until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory and be called the Indian Territory." Gen. Harrison (afterwards President), was appointed governor of the Indiana Territory, and during his residence at Vincennes, he made several important treaties with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of land. The next year is memorable iu the history of (he west for the purchase of Louisiana from France by the United States for $15,000,- 000. Thus by a peaceful manner the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction of the north-western government. The next year Gen. Harri- son obtained additi )nal grants of land from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of land were obtained. During this year. Congress granted a township of land for the support of a college and began to offer inducements for settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the state of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year a law was passed organizing the south-west territory, dividing it into two portions, — the territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of government, and the district of Louisiana^ which was annexed to the domain by General Harrison. On the 11th of January, 1805, the territory of Michigan was formed, and Wm. Hull appointed governor, with head- quarters at Detroit, the change to take effect June 30th. On the 11th of that month, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroyed most every building in the place. When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the coun- try. Rebuilding, however, was commenced at once. While this was being done, Indiana passed to the second grade of government. In 1809, Indiana territory was divided, and the territory of Illinois was formed, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia, and through her General Assem- bly had obtained large tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian Tecumthe, or Tecumseh, vigorously protested,* and it was the main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the settlers. He visited the principal tribes, and succeeded in forming an alliance with most of the tribes, and then joined the cause of the British in the memorable war of 1812. Tecumseh was killed at the battle of the Thames. Tecum- seh wa.s, iu many respects, a noble character, — frank and honest in his intercourse with General Harrison and the settlers ; in war, brave and chivalrous. His treatment of prisoners was humane. In the summer of 1S12, Perry's vic- tory on Lake Erie occurred, and shortly after, active pre- parations were made to capture Fort Maiden. On the 27th of September, the American army under command of General Harrison, set sail for the shores of Canada, and, in a few hours, stood around the ruins of Malilen, from which the British army under Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the valley of the Thames. On the 20th, General Harrison was at Sandwich, and General McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. On the 2d of Octo- ber following, the American army began their pursuit of Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. The victory was decisive, and practi- cally closed the war in the north-west. In 1806, occurred Burr's insurrection. He took possession of an island in the Ohio, and was charged with treasonable intentions against the Federal government. His cajsture was effected by General AVilkinson, acting under instruction of President Jefferson. Burr was brought to trial on a charge of treason, and, after a prolonged trial, during which he defended him- self with great ability, he was acquitted of the charge of treason. His subsequent, career was obscure, and he died in 1836. Had his scheme succeeded, it would be interesting to know what effect it would have had on the north-we teim territory. The battle of tiie Thames was fought October 6th, 1813. It effectually closed hostilities in the north-west, although peace was not restored until July 22J, 1814, when a treaty was made at Greenville, by General Ilarri.son, be- tween the United States and the Indian tribes. On the 24th of December, the treaty of Ghent was signed by the repre- sentatives of England and the United States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various Indian tribes throughout t!ic north-west, and quiet was again restored. PRESENT CONDITIOX OF THE NORTH-WEST. In former chapters we have traced briefly the disoveries, settlements, wars, and most important events which have occurred in the large area of country denominated the * American State Papers HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 25 north-west, and we now turn to the contemplation of its growth and prosperity. Its people are among the most intelligent and enterprising in the Union. The population is steadily increasing, the arts and sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked com nmnifSes on the seaboard, dependent wholly on foreign com- merce or domestic manufocture. Agriculture is the leading feature in our industries. This vast domain has a sort of natural geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the cattle-raising districts of the south- west. The leading interests will be the growth of the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all competitors, and our great rival will be the fertile fields cf Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. To attempt to give statistics of grain productions for 1880 would require more space than our work would permit of. Manufacturing has now attained in the chief cities a foot- hold that bids fair to render the north-west independent of the outside world. Nearly our whole region has a distribu- tion of coal measure which will in time support the manu- factures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly increasing beyond those of any other region. The principal tradeand manufacturing centres of the great north-west are Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Detroit, Cle\'€land and Toledo, with any number of minor cities and towns doing a large and growing business. The intelligence and enterprise of its people ; the great wealth of its soil and minerals ; its vast inland seas and navigable rivers ; its magnificent railroad system ; its patriotism and Jove of country will render it ever loyal in the future as in the past. The people of the Mississippi Valley are the key- stone of the national union and national prosperity. CHAPTER H. BRIEF HISTOmCAL SKETCU OF ILLIXOIS. EGINNING the history of this great State we direct attention briefly to the discovery and exploration of the MUaksipjn. Hernando De Soto, cutting his way through the wilder- ness from Florida, had discovered the Missis- sippi in the year 1542. Wasted with disease and privation, he only reached the stream to die upon its banks, and the remains of the ambitious and iron-willed Spaniard found a fitting resting-place beneath the waters of the great river. The chief incitement to Spanish discoveries in America was a thirst for gold and troa?ure. The discovery and settle- ment of the Missicsippi Valley on the part of the French must, on the other hand, be ascribed to religious zeal. Jesuit missionaries, from the French settlements on the St. Lawrence, early penetrated to the region of Lake Huron. It was from the tribes of Indians living in the West, that intelligence came of a noble river flowing south. Marquette, who had visited the Chippewas in 1GG8, and established the mission of Sault Ste. Marie, now the oldest settlement within the present commonwealth of ilichigan, formed the purpose of its exploration. The following year he moved to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, where he instructed a branch of the Hurons till IGrO, when he removed south and founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinaw. In company with Joliet, a fur-trader of Quebec, who had been designated by M. Talon, Intendent of Canada, as chieftain of the explor- ing party, and five French voyagcurs, Marquette, ou the 10th of June, 1G73, sot out on the expedition. Crossing the water-shed dividing the Fox from the Wisconsin rivers, their two canoes were soon launched ou the waters of the latter. Seven days after, on the 17tli of June, they joy- fully entered the broad current of the Mississippi. Stopping six days on the western bank, near the mouth of the Des Moines River, to enjoy the hospitalities of the Illinois Indians, the voyage was resumed, and after passing the jierpendicular rocks above Alton, on whose lofty limestone front were painted frightful representations of monsters, they suddenly came upon the mouth of the Missouri, known by its Algonquin name of Pekitanoni, whose swift and turbid current threatened to engulf their frail canoes. The site of St. Louis was an unbroken forest, and further down the fertile plain bordering the river rejjosed in peaceful solitude, as, early in July, the adventurers glided past it. They continued their voyage to a jioiut some distauee below the mouth of the Arkansas, and then retraced their course up the river, arriving at their Jesuit Mission at the head of Greeii Bay, late in September. Robert Cavalier de La Salle, whose illustrious name is more intimately connected with the exploration of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river, in the early part of the year 1682. La Salle was a man of remarkable genius, possessing the power of originating the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of carrying them to successful results. Had ample facilities been placed by the king of France at his disposal, the result of the colonization of this continent might have been far different from what we now behold. He was born in Rouen, France, in 1C43, of wealthy parentage, but ho renounced his patrimony on entering a college of the Jesuits from which he separated and came to Canada a poor man in 1666. The priests of St. Sulpice, among whom he had a brother, were then the proprietors of j\[ontreal, the nucleud of which was a seminary or convent founded by that order. The Superior granted to La Salle a large tract of land at La Chine, where he established himself in the fur trade. He was a man of daring genius, and outstripped all his competitors in exploits of travel and commerce with the Indians. In 16G9 he visited the hea'lquarters of the groat Iroquois Confederacy, at Onondaga, i:i the heart of New 2(3 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. York, and obtaining guides, exjjlorcd the Ohio River to the falls at Louisville. In order to understand the intrepid genius of La Salle, it must be remembered that for many years prior to his time the missionaries and traders were obliged to make their way to the North west by the Ottaway River (of Canada), on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower lakes and Niagara River, which entirely closed this latter route to the Upper Lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly by canvas, paddling them through the Ottaway to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across the port- age to French River, and descending that to Lake Huron. This being the route by which they reached the North-west, accounts for the fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighborhood of the Upper Lakes. La Salle conceived the grand idea of opening the route by Niagara River and the Lo^er Lakes to Canadian commerce by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and thus opening a magnificent water communi- cation from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. This truly grand and comprehensive purpose seems to have animated him in all his wonderful achievements and the matchless difliculties and hardships he surmounted. As the first step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake Ontario, and built and gar- risoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the French crown and a body of troops by which he beat back the invading L-oquois and cleared the passage to Niagara Falls. Having by this masterly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his next step as we have seen, was to advance to the falls with all his outfit for building a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was successful in this undertaking, though his ultimate pur- pose was defeated by a strange combination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently hated La Salle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them and co-operated with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of his superior success in opening new channels of commerce. At La Chine he had taken the trade of Lake Ontario, which but for his presence there would have gone to Quebec. While they were plodding with their bark canoes through the Ottaway he was constructing vessels to command the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans excited the jealousy and envy of the small traders, introduced treason and revolt into the ranks of his own companions, and finally led to the foul assassination by which his great achievements were prematurely ended. In 1082, La Salle, having completed his vessel at Peoria, descended the Mississippi to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico. At its mouth he erected a column, and decorating it with the arms of France, placed upon it the following inscription : LOUIS LE GBAND, ROI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVAKKE KEGNE ; LE XEUVIEME AVRIL, 1682. Thus France, by right of discovery, lay claim to llio Mississippi Valley, the fairest portion of the globe, an empire in extent, stretching from the Gulf to the Lakes, and from the farthest sources of the Ohio to where the head waters of the Missouri are lost in the wild solitudes of the Rocky Mountains. La Salle bestowed upon the turritory the name of Louisiana, in honor of the King of France, Louis XIV. The assertion has been made that on La Salle's return up the river, in the summer of 1682, a portion of the party were left behind, who founded the village of Kaskaskia and Cahokia, but the statement rests on no substantial foun- dation. THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN ILLINOIS. The gentle and pious Marquette, devoted to his purpose of carrying the gospel to the Indians, had established a mission among the Illinois, in 1^75, at their principal town on the river which still bear stheir name. This was at the present town of Utica, in La Salle County. In the presence of the whole tribe, by whom, it is recorded, he was received as a celestial visitor, he displayed the sacred pictures of the Virgin Mary, raised an altar, and said mass. On Easter Sunday, after celebrating the mystery of the Eucharist, he took possession of the land in the name of the Saviour of the world, and founded the "Mission of the Immaculate Conception." The town was called Kaskaskia, a name afterwards transferred to another locality. The founding of this mission was the last act of Marquette's life. He died in Michigan, on his way back to Green Bay, May 18, 1675. La Salle, while making preparations to descend the Mississippi, built a fort, on the Illinois River, below the Lake of Peoria, in February, 1680, and in commemoration of his misfortunes, bestowed upon it the name of Creveca:ur, "broken-hearted." Traces of its embankments are yet dis- cernible. This was the first military occupation of Illinois. There is no evidence, however, that settlement was begun there at that early date. On La Salle's return from this exploration of the Missis- .=ippi, in 1682, he fortified " Starved Rock," whose military advantages had previously attracted his attention. From its summit, which rises 12.5 feet above the waters of the river, the valley of the Illinois speeds out before the eye in landscape of rarest beauty. From three sides it is inacces- sible. This stronghold received the name of the Fort of St. Louis. Twenty thousand allied Indians gathered round it on the fertile plains. The fort seems to have been aban- doned soon after the year 1700. Marquette's mission (1675), Crevecosur (1680), and the Fort of St. Louis (1G32), embrace, so far, all the attempts made towards efi'ecting anything like a permanent settle- ment ia the Illinois country. Of the second few traces remain. A line of fortifications may be faintly traced, and that is all. The seed of civilization planted by the Jesuit, Marquette, among the Illinois Indians, was destined to pro- duce more enduring fruit. It was the germ of Kaskaskia, during the succeeding years of the French occupation — the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley. The southern Kas- kaskia is merely the northern one transplanted. The Mii^ion of the Immaculate Conception i.s the tame. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, IIIINOIS 27 FOUNDING OF KASKASKIA. On the death of Marquette, he was succeeded by Alloiif z, and he by Father Gravier, who respectively had charge of the Mission on the Illinois River Gravier is said to have been the first to reduce the principles of the Illinois lan- guage to rules. It was also he who succeeded in trans- ferring Marquette's Mission from the banks of the Illinois south to the spot where stands the modern town of Kas- kaskia, and where it was destined to endure. The exact date is not known, but the removal was accomplished some time prior to the year 1685, though probably not earlier than 1G82. Father Gravier was subsequently recalled to Mackinaw, and his place was supplied by Biueteau and Pinet. Pinet proved an eloquent and successful minister, and his chapel was often insufficient to hold the crowds of savages who gathered to hear his words. Bineteau met with a fate similar to that which befell many another devoted priest in his heroic labors for the conversion of the savages. Ho accompanied the Kaskaskias on one of their annual hunts to the upper Mississippi, that his pastoral relations might not suffer intermission. His frame was poorly fittfd to stand the exposure. Parched by day on the burning prairie, chilled by heavy dews at night, now panting with thirst and agiin aching with cold, he at length fell a victim to a violent fever, and " left his bones on the wilder- ness range of the buffaloes." Pinet shortly after followed his comrade. Father Gabriel Morrest had previously arrived at Kas- kaskia. He was a Jesuit. He had carried the emblem of his faith to the frozen regions of Hudson's Bay, and had been taken prisoner by the English, and npon his liberation returned to America, and joined the Kaskaskia Mission. After the deaths of Bineteau and Pinet, he had sole charge until joined by Father Mermet shortly after the opening of the eighteenth ceutur}*. The devotion and piety of Mermet fully equalled those of his compauion. He had assisted in collecting a village of Indians and Canadians, and had thus founded the first French port on the Ohio, or, as the lower part of the river was then called, the Wabash. At the Kaskaskia Mission his gentle virtues and fervid eloquence seem not to have been without their influence. " At early dawn his pupils came to church dressed neatly and modestly, each in a large deer- skin, or in a robe stitched together from several skins. Afler receiving lessons they chanted canticles ; mass was then said in presence of all the Christians in the place, the French and the converts — the women on one side and the men on the other. From prayer and instruction the mis- sionaries proceeded to visit the sick and administer medicine, and their skill as physicians did more than all the rest to win confidence. In the afternoon the catechism was taught in the presence of the young and the old, when every one, without distinction of rank or ago, answered the questions of the missionary. At evening all would assemble at the chapel for instruction, for prayer, and to chant the hymns of the church. On Sundays and festivals, even after vespt rs a homily was pronouncsd ; at the close of the day parties would meet in houses to recite the chaplet in alternate choirs, and sing p=alms until late at night. These psalms were often homilies with words set to familiar tunes. Satur- day and Sunday were days appointed for confession and communion, and every convert confessed once in a fortnight. The success of the mission was such that marriages of French immigrauts were sometimes solemnized with the daughters of the Illinois according to the rites of the Catholic Church. The occupation of the country was a cantonment of Europeans among the native proprietors of the forests and the prairies.* A court of law was unknown for nearly a century, and up to the time of Boisbriaut there was no local government. The priests possessed the entire confidence of the community, and their authority happily settled, without the tardy delays and vexations of the courts, the minor difficulties which threatened the peace of the settlement. Of the families which formed part of the French population in the early history of Kaskaskia, there is some uncertainty. There is, however, authority for believing that the following were among the principal settlers: Bazyl La Chapelle, ■Michael Derouse, (called St. Pierre), Jean Baptiste St. Gemme Bcauvais, Baptiste JIoii- treal, Boucher de Moutbrun, Charles Danie, Francois Charlesville, Antoine Bienvenu, Louis Bruyat, Alexis D?. CiiUom. 5omi— Thomas Kirk Patrick, Snmuel G. Mor.se. Union — William Echols, John Whiteaker. Wa'. D. Ewing Joseph Duncan Thomas Carlin Thomas Ford Augustus C. French.. Augustus C. French.. Joel A. Mitteson.. Wm. II. Bissell... John Wood Resigned Nov. 17, 18;!4. Elected Rep. to Congress. .Nov. 17, 1834..: Fayette [Vice Reynolds. . Dee. 3, 1S34 iMorgau . Deo. 7, 18.38 Greene ' .Dec. 8, 1842 Ogle I . Dec. 9, 1846 Crawford .iJau. 8, 1819 [Crawford lRe-elecl3d under Const'a I I I of 1847. .'.Jan., 1853 Will 12, 18.^.7.... Monroe 'Died Mareh l.l. 1800. .21, 1860..., Adams Richard Yates Richard J.Oglesby.. John M. Palmer Richard J. Oglesby.. John L. Beverid.^e... Shelby 51. Ciillom.. Shelby M. Cullom.. . 14, 1801... Morgan . 10,180.-..,,. Macon . 11, 1809... Macoupin . . 13, 1,S73... Macon Jan 23, 1873... Cook.. . San gam .'Sangamo Resigned Jan. 2,3, 187!. Elected U. S,Seni»or. Succeeded to office, vice Oglesby resigned. 42 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Ijleutcnant-Govemors. When inaugurated Pierre Menard Oct. 6, 1S18., Adolplms F. Hubl.ard..|Dec. 5, lS2i. William Kinney Dec. 0, 182C. Z.ailolc CasBV I Dec. 0, 1S3I). Wm. L. D. Ewing [Mar. 1, 1833. Stinson H. Anderson.. John M- ore Joseph B. Wells Wm. McMiuuy Gustavus Koerner John Wood Thomas .\. Marshall.. Francis .4. Holfman.. Willi.-im Bross John Douirhcrty John L. iieveridgi... Archibald A. Glei Dee. ', Dee. S Dee. 1 Jan. ' Jan. Jan. 12 .Jan. 14, ISOl. .Jan. ir., is;ri., . Jan. 11, isc;p. .|Jan. 1 , IS73. .Jan. 23, 1873. .Jan. 8, 1875. 1838.. Jefferson.. is4i. ;Ar,-i.i-.aii... isl.i K,,rk I-la: ReSisned March 1, 1833 Presidentof Senate and Act- ing Licut-tioveruor. Resigned. Presidcntof Senate and Act- ing Lieut-Governor vice Bissell dcc'd Mar. 21, 1800. Presidentof Senate and Act- o- I.ieiit-Gi'vc'rn..r. Cook Oool: Union Cook Winnebag Brown SecretAries of State. Elia^i Kent Kane Samuel D. Loclcwood.. D.avid Blackwell Morris Birkbeek George Forquer Alexander 1*. Field Stephen A. Iinuu'lus... Lym:ui Tiiiiii'-ill ThoTlip. -I . .■:,■•- 'li llora. ^ - . ' Uorao.j .-. I ■■■A' X Appointed o qiiaiitied. ■From what county. Oct. 6. 1818.. Kaskaski Dej. IS, 1822.. Madison April 2, lS2i..'St. Cla Uet. '" "^ • '" '^'nv. F..1,, :4.. IM\i \^i'< .. Resignea Dee. 10, 1822. Resigned .ipril 2, 1823. Rosisned Oet. l.i. 1824. RrM-Ti-.l I i-i T.. 1S25. iK-.i .Miui li 4,1813. ^ned Dec. 23, 1846. .\ppointed by Gov. French. David L.Greggs i April in, I860.. | Cook.. Alex.snder Starne .Ian. 10, 18o3..|Pike . Ozias M. Hatch Jan. 12, ls-,7.. Tike . OziasM. Hatch Ilan. 14. K-l. ri!:- Sharon Tyndale iJan. V, I -■ 'I Edward Rummel Jan. li. I ' I tieoree n. Harrow ;Jan. 1;. i-. ; li ■ ^\ George H. Harrow I.an. .■?. Is77.. I azrn Hcnrv C. Dement Jan. 10, ls81..iLee ... Elected under Constitution o( 1818. Died April 2, 1860. Auditors of Public Accounts, When From what qualified. county. Elijah C. Berry 'Oct. 9, 1818.. Fayette . Elijah C. Berry .\pril 6, 1819.. James T.B. Stapp \u.15. 27, 1831.. •' , Levi Davis Nov. 16, 1836.. " James Shields Mar. 4, 1841.. Randolph Wm. D. L. Ewing ilar. 20, 1843.. F.iyett^ Died. Thomas H. Campbell... Mar. 26, 18M.. Randolph.... Vice Ewing, deceased. Thomas H. Campbell... Jan. 7, 1847..| " Jesse K. Dubois Jan. 12, 1857.. Lawrence .. Jesse K. Dubois Jan. 14, 1861.. " Orlin H. Mmer Dee. 1 ', 1864..!Sangamon.. ( harles E. Lippincott..|Jan. 11, 183!l..|Cass Charles E. Lippincott... Jan. 13, 187.3.. " 1. Thomas B. Needles .Ian. 8, 1877.. Wi.shington C harles P. Swigert Wan. 10, ]881..lKankakeo...l, Superintendent of Public Instruction. When qualiiied Ninian W. Edwards , Wm. H. Powell Newton Bateman Newton Bntemau John P. Brooks Newton Bateman.... Newton Bateman.... Newton Bateman.... . Mch. 24, 1854. . Jiin'y 12, 1857. .. .lan'v 1,1869. ,. Jan'y 4, 1861. ,. .lan'v 12, 1803. "y 10, 1805. Jan'y — , 1867. Jan'y - , 1871. I From what county. Sangamon.. Peoria Morgan State Treasurers. When From what qualified county. John Thomas ] R. K. McLaugnlin Aug. Abner Field Jan. James Hall iFcb. John Dement Fob. Charles Gregory Dec. John D. Whiteside , .Mch. Milton Carpenter jMch. John Moors -Vug. John Moore iDec. .James Miller Jan. William Butler Sept. William Butler 'Jan. Alexander Starne Jan. James H. B-veridge Ian. George W. Smuh .l:in. Erastus N. I.:it.~ Iilil Erastus N. 1 .ii - N>'\- Edward Rm:- Ian. Thos. S. Ridguway .J.an. Edward Rutz Jan. John C. Smith IJan. Edward Rutz ;Jan. . 1818. , 1810. , 1S23. St. Clair., j Fayette .. Appointed by the Governor , 1.S41. , 1848. , 1850. , 18,'.7. , 185 J, , 1801. , 1863. 1S65. Uaniilton ... Died. IMcLean [Appointed vice Carpenter. ! Elected. .i " iRcsigned Sept 3, 1859. .iSangamou...|Appointcd, vice Miller. Attorneys- General. Daniel Pope Cook iMch. S, William Moars {Deo. 14, Sam'l D. Lock wood iFcb. 26, James Turney iJan'y 14, James Turney Jan'y 15, George Forquer Jan'y 23, James Semple 'Jan'y 30, Ninian W. Edwards ISept. 1, Ninian W. Edwards J.an'yl'.l, Jesse B. Thomas, Jr.... Feb. 1-2, Walter B. Si-ate.s |Jan'yl8, Usher F. Lin.Irr Frli. 1. George W. < Mn 'n luni' -■■, Wickliife l\ii li. 1; M !.. '■■ Josiah Lai James A. Jlciii Randolph ... Resigned March 5, 1819. St CLair ■ Madison Resigned Dec. 28, 1822. Washington Resigned Jan'y 7, IS'25. Monroe JResigned Dee. 3, 183'2. Madison ' Sangamon... jdison l: - , y s, 1830. ffersou .. 1;. .-i.. I r •■■ 2ii, 1830. Ins U.,-muc.i Ju..l: 11, 1838. .dison .Resigned Fcb'y 1, 1S39. awford iResignod Nov. 19, 1840. mall laiiy 12, 1.^ David B. Campbell [Dec. 21, Robert G. Ingersoll . ...;Feb. '28, W'ashington Bushnell.. Jan'y. 11, James K. Edsall Jan'y 13, James Iv. Edsall ,. Jan'.v. 8, James JlcCartney [Jan'y. 10, 1840. 1867. 1873. 1873. 1877..! " 1881..iWayne Sangamon Peoria App-. LaSalle Lee State Geologists. When appointed. Joseph Norwood July 21, 1851.. Sangamon.... Act of Feb. 17, 1851. H. A Ulffers 1S53.. Hardin Topographer. Amos H. Worthen Mch. 2-2, 1858.. Hancock '\ lee ^orwood. Leopold Riehter iDec. 1, 18o9..|St.Louis,Mo. .\rtist. Henry Engelmann L\pril 19, 1S61 . St Clan- I. \ssistant Geologist. William Billingtou April 20, 1804..ISangamon...,Yice Richer. State Elntozuologlsts. D.B.Walsh Wm. LeBarron.. Cyrus Thomas... When From whatl appointed. county. .June 11, 1807.. Rock Island Died. .lApril '2, 1870.. ICane Died. .JApril 13, 1875..; Jackson Adjutants-General. When appointed. From what county. Wm. Alexander April 24, 1819.. Randolph.. Elijah C. Berrv June 11, 1821.. Payette.. James W. Berry Dec. Moses K. Audo son Dee. 16, 1839..;Sangamon. .. Simon B. BueUntr ipril ,3, 1 8.37..! Cook Wm.C. Kc.MMV I>fo. ;', l.^.-.T.. M. Clair ThomasS. M it!i. 1 ivt. k. \^:.^ ^.tviiiamo-a... AllenC. Full, i N'.'v. 11 Ishani.N. 11. Mil.' .lan-yli'. Resigned Nov. 11, 1839. \ Hiram Hilliard.. .;Mch. ; .Jan'y; .July .iJuly .'July l.sfi.-,,. .Uc-xandt-r.. 1869..iSangamon.. 1873..! " 1874.. I 1875..lCook 1877..I " Resigned Nov. 7, 1857. Died. Vice Kinney, deceased. MISCELLANEOUS IXFOEMATION". Presidents. No. NAME. QIA 1 George Washington April 30, ITS'i Msr. 4, IViit 2 John Adams Mar. 4, 1797 S Thomas Jeflerso i Mar 4, Isiil " " Mar. 4, 18Uj 4 James Madison Mar. 4, 18(.0 " " Ma', 4, I81i 5 James Monroe Mar. 4, 1«17 " '• Mar. 5, 1821 6 John Quiaey Adams .... Mar. 4, ]825 7 Andr.-w Jackson Mar. 4, 1829 •• " Mar. 4, 1833 8 Martin Van Biiren Mar. 4, 1837 9 Wm. Henrv Hani on....Mar. 4, 1841 10 John Tvier April B, 1841 11 James K. Polk Mar. 4, 1815 12 Zacharv THVlor Mar. .">, 1849 13 Millard Fillmore .July 10, 18.10 14 Franklin Pi.-roe Mar. 4, 1853 l.l James BuohHiian Mar. 4, 1857 16 Abraham Lincoln Mar. 4, 1861 " .Mar. 4, 1865 17 Andrew Johnson April l.'i, 1865 18 Ulysses S. Grant Mar. 4, 1869 ■' Mar. 4, 1873 19 Rutherford B. Hayes ....Mar. 5, 1877 20 James A. Gnifield Mar. 4, 1881 21 Chester A. Arthur Sept. 2li, 1881 Vice-Presidents. Secretaries of State. Secretaries of 'War. No. APPOINTEP. No. APPOINTED. 1 John Adams June 3, 1780 " " Dec. 2, 1793 2 Thomas Jefferson Mar. 4, 1797 3 Aaron Burr Mar. 4, 1801 4 George Clinton Mar 4, Iso.'i " Mar. 4, 18IHI 6 Eldridge Gerrv Mar. 4, 1813 •John Gaillarri Nov. 2.^, 1814 6 Daniel D. Tomokins Mar. 4, 1817 " •' Mar. 5, 18-1 7 John C. falho.in Mar. 4. 1825 Mar. 4, 18-'9 8 Martin Va'i Knren Mar. 4, 1833 9 Rifhar.l M. Johnson Mar. 4, 18:i7 10 John Tyler .Mar. 4, 1841 •Sam'iel L. S.iu hard Amil n, 1811 •Willie P. Manirum Mav 31, 1842 11 George M. Ualla' Mar. 4, 1S4S 12 Millard f'iilmnrn Mar. !,, 1849 •William It Kiu'.; July 11, 1850 13 Willi^iMi i:. Kill' Mar. 4, 1853 •Davi I R. Vlchi on April 18, 18.53 •Jesse 1). Hright Deo. 5, 1854 14 John C. Breckinridge. .. Mar. 4, 18.57 15 Hannilial Hamlin Mar. 4, isrd 16 Andrew Jnhnson Mar. 4, 1865 •I.afave fe S. Foster April 15, IPGo •Benjami-i F. Wade Mar. 2, 1867 17 Schiiyirr Colfax Mar. 4,1869 18 Henry Wilson Mar. 4. 1873 •Thoma.< W. Ferrv Nov. 22, 1875 19 William A. Wheeler Mar. .5, 1877 20 Chester A Arthur Mar. 4, 1881 21 D.iTid Davis Oct. 13, 1881 •Acting Vi-*e-Presidcnt and Pre ident j>ro (em of the Senate. Secretaries of State. 1 Thomas Jeffersoi Sept. 2 Mar. 2 Edmon Charles Devens Mar. r Wayne MacVeagh „.Mar. J Benj. Harris Brew8ter...Dec., 26, 1789 4, 1793 27, 1794 111, 1795 4, 1797 20, 1801 fi, 1801 3, 181IS 7, 1805 28, 1807 4, 1809 11, 1811 4, 1813 10, 1814 4, 1817 13, 1817 6, 1821 4, 1825 9,1829 iO, 1831 4,1833 15, 1833 4,1837 6, 1838 11, 1840 6, 1841 0, 1841 13, 1841 1, 1843 6, 1845 17, 1840 21, 1848 8, 1849 22, 1850 7, I8-.3 6, 1857 20, I860 5. 1861 22, 1863 2, 1864 4, 1865 15. 18i;5 23. 1806 IS, 18i;8 5, 1869 23, 1870 14, 1871 4. 1873 26, 1875 22, 1870 12, 1877 4 1881 1881 F. A. Miihl«Qberg .. Jonathan Trumbull.. F. A. Muhlenberg... Jonathan Dayton .... Joseph B. Varnum.. Henry Clay Langdon Cheves.. Henry Clay SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Stated Pennsylvania Connecticut... Pennsylvania New Jersey... . Coiisress. j Term of Service. 1st C 'ngress April 1, 1789, to Mareli 4, 1791 •id Congress Oetober 24, 1791, to March 4, 1793.. December 2, 1793, to March 4, 1796.. December 7, 1795, to March 4, 1797.. May 15,1797, to March 3, 1799.. John W. Taylor Philip P. Barbour j Virginia Henry Clay I Kentucky. 3d Congress 4th Congress. 5th Congress ^.^aj .lu,xi^i, ^^ ^.jia.,.,i u, m,^ 6th Congress.. December 2, 1799, to March 4, 1801 ;th Congress December 7, 1801, to March 4, 1803. - 8th Congress October 17, 1803, to March 4, 1805.. " " :!ith Congress |December 2. 1805, to March 4, 1807. Massachusetts - !lotli Cbngress IOctober2C, 1807, to March 4, 1809.. 1 nil ConL'ioss May 22 1S09, to March 4, ISll - :> ' . ii-r.'s.s November 4, 1811. to March 4,1813 - 1' " jMay 24, 1813, to January 19, 1814.... ' iiLM -^ iJanuary 19, 1814, to March 4, 1815.. I'll ' 'iigiiss jDeoember 4, 1815, to Mnrch 4, 1815. I.itli Congress 1 ecember 1, 1S17, to March 4, 1819. liith Congress [December 6, 1819, lo May 1.5, 1820 Kentucky.. South Carolina, 2il - itucky New York, 2d Session.. Itjth Congress.. I7th Congress.. 18th Congress., luth Congress.. 20th Congress.. 21st Congress.. J-d Congress . Tennessee, 2d S'-~- Robert M. T. Hunter John Wuite Kent John W. Jones IVirt John \V. Davis Indii:, i Robert C. Wintlirop Ma-- i Howell Cnho ili. M, _ Linn Boyd Ktiiii i ^ Nathaniel P. Banks Massachu.e James L. Orr riouth Car' Wm. Pennington {New Jer.^o Galusha A. Grow 'Pennsylva Svdiuvler Colfax Indiana.... Virginia I^nth Congrei ky ]27throng: Michael C. Kerr Indiana Samuel J. Rnndall Pennsylvania, 2d Se November 15, 1820, to March 4, 1821.. December 4, 1S21, lo March 4, 1823.... December 1, 1823, to March 4, 1825.... December 5, 1825, xo March 4, 1827.. . December 3, 1827, to March 4, 1829.... December 7, 182ii, to March 4, 1831.... December 5, 1831, to March 4, 1833.... j:;d Congress |l)ecember2, 183:i, to Juno 2, 1834 - :;d Congress 'June 2, 1834, to Man h 4, 18;i.i -ith Congress jDecember 7, 183.5, to March 4,18.37.... "th Congress September 5, 1837. to March 4, 1839..., ' " December Ki, 18.18, to March 4,1841.., May 31, 1841, to March 4, 1843 December 4, 1843, to March 4. 1845.... ■S ' ,ii-r.-> December 1, 1845, to March -I. ll!l,7.... II' 11-1.=^ iDeeember 6, 1847, to March 4, 1849.... I-' ' un s> Decembrr22, 1S49, to M«n li 4, bWl.., i ' i,^'u-s- December 1, 18.51, to Man-li 4, IS.iH.. ., ;'l Congress December 5, 18.i3, to March 4, l^-SS.... 4th Congress ' Pebruary 2 1856, to Wa'-ch 4, 1857 itlt Congress December", 1857, to March 4, 1N.59,... iith Conaress February 1, isrn, to March 4, 1801 ::ii '■ n-'.'-< July 4, IsCl, to March 4, 1863 I I I - - December 7, 18ra, to March 4, 1865 'I ' J - December 4, 1865, to March 4,1867 ^ I -- March 4, 1867, to March 4, 1869 • I _'icss March 4, 1SI>9, to March 4, 1871 ifioss March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873 -i.-ss December 1, 187.3, to March 4, 1875 December 6, 1875, to August 20, 1876 . December 4, 187i>, to March 4, 1877...., 45ih Congress October 15, 1877, to March 4, 1879 46th Congress i March 18, 1879, to 1805 1S05 1799 1809 1H5 18U0 1.S22 1796 1823 1823 ngres: Pled. 1801 1821 1852 1857 1845 1848 1850 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1880, FROM THE OFFICIAL CENSUS. 1790. 1800. 1 States and Territories. 18^0. I 1830. Alabama... Arkansas.. California, Colorado... Connectlct Delaware.. Fl..rida Georgia Illinois Indiana 2S2433 . 12282 24520 340985 65162 147178 297675 7i;748 34730 516823 309978 78085 54477 69139i 476183 68.5866 43112 771623 209897 92597 "370792" 91S32 I S7445 j 90G185 851470 988416 1 192214 1 Maine •,.. Maryland Massachusetts., Michig .n Mmnesota 9!i640 3197i8 3787S7 151719 341548 422845 Mississippi . Missouri Nebraska Nevada.. New Hampshire. New Jersey New York North Carolina,... Ohio Oregon.. 14 1 885 183858 1S4139 211149 .341020 589051 393761 478103 I 45365 Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina . Tennessee 434373 68825 249073 35691 Vermont Virginia .... West Viruii Wisconsin . 002365 69122 3455U1 1U5602 400511 70556 2J8705 380.540 472040 4762 564135 152923 298269 407350 523159 8765 637917 215739 399455 447040 610408 31G39 352411 501793 470019 737699 212267 214460 215562 959049 5!')5,500 230760 244022 277428 1372111 0388 '9 681295 810t)!ll 70931 415115 261727 1047.507 83016 502741 422771 bi iiio "-""""■"" 14093 24023 mm 260328 320823 1918601 737087 937903 13482,33 97199 681185 681904 284,574 37.3:»6 2428921 75 !419 1519467 1724033 108830 594.398 829210 982405 517762 583169 683034 994514 397654 6077 6065-.'6 682073 1,^»n| ^ iD7J S 248 1 111 4 8^1 2 1S( 14 47G 26, 508 41,323 1 U( 3 31; 2,48- 4,701 2,03 1 0(X 6,14- 0,815 1 705 7,62- 11, 67f 4 IS 7,19) 9,93i 3 or,; 8,841 20, 426 1,0!K ] 741 3,231 .5, 141 1 02-: 4, .580 11, 7:11 ■> 981 7,2.->; 11,325 1 475 2,01! 14,620 1 87« 3,20: 10, 492 SO* 7,4-.S 9, 532 11,987 7oo 3,2>f 4,28! 0,336 3,71S 5, 13! 10.011 9,616 9,335 11,203 10 201 43, 386 144,954 3 11- 4 42:i 7,13: 11,. 551 3,71S 8,311 1 097 7,54( 19,080 3,217 5,002 10, 8-20 7.140 14,701 i 535 9,290 4(171 8 215 l'\ 002 10,925 IGII 3 070 3, 52) 5,454 l,r,75 3,7911 7 816 2-lM r -.n 8,075 11, !S9 1,970 0,393 4 08.1 i 082 5, 681 1811 11 Hi 22,f.0S 33,338 10 ?i;(i 5,44s 8,0.55 7,1-^ 11 931 12, 42J 10,093 3.02a 10, .370 2111 3 [llo 6, 362 9,915 483 <1 !>tfi 14, 652 20,061 1 W8 2,887 3, 7.50 4,612 9, .501 41 ] 200 3, 807 2", 000 1 095 4,149 l',325 1 &iS i 566 S, 862 9,580 1 172 3, 220 8, .304 2j > 5 rG2 8.109 12, 005 4 JTS 7, .364 12, 0.51 i 111 r ISO 18, 6(M 27,325 1 lOr •5 620 4,114 9, 342 f iOl 1".,703 3 1 002 15 412 7,73 13 (174 274 7,0C0 13, 270 2S, 003 „ 7 654 ll,22(^ 18,257 1 118 17, SI."-' 48.. 332 3«-C8 7 092 6,121 0,214 2,035 6,202 17, 651 r59 1, 562 11,637 2 i33 6,12s 11,272 1 l"' T 039 3,088 13,738 1 01(1 7 82li 1\ 3.55 21,002 C "1 14 m 20,441 31,3.51 21')o 4 r42 6, 72(1 12,7.30 1,840 5,180 13,4.37 .5, 9.'] 10,931 4,09 6,213 6 108 7,Gir 20, org 2 i78 14,078 22,080 6 ;go 10,163 28,772 4 \X\ 6,349 0,584 m ,5,240 15,042 2 0(10 4 181 7.079 12,832 21 1 4 190 6,277 13 070 19 711 11 vn 10, flr4 22,112 3,234 0,385 i 479 1'', 020 22, 888 6 153 17, .547 36, 601 1 I 3 !22 5,278 9,552 l,6or 6,127 2ior 11 728 LSSl!- 27 249 3 31G 4 094 3,97r 6,742 2,204 3, 043 1 ild 2 isi 3,92r .5. .587 4 42) 7 144 11,07!' 17.205 4,012 9,711 /,010 6, 9.37 21,005 .5, .58P 9, .331 12 ICO 14 -l- 10, 22« 32,274 21j0 r 172 10, .573 14,084 r !15 7,914 0,069 ^97 r 659 7,807 14 613 1 i73 .1,710 0,004 7 078 n 6:11 20,180 37, 694 2 800 lt.06f 25,112 4"ir 7 21 12,0,52 21,470 3 m 1 i24 7, 615 11,181 r (j (- 9 lOT 11,492 10,K0O 2 710 4 110 4,000 7,313 !0? r no 8,170 18,330 1 '•7 4 81" 6,953 13.731 2 ,a1 5 133 6, 825 12,223 COOl 7 019 8 025 13,403 " 14 6, 301 lS,ri7 10 107 l-,703i 29,321 ' ■" 457 7.21c; 12,205 ' 4 009 11, 773| 21,491 4,415 13,282 56, 302 10, 564 13 1.52 12, 042 12, 2(15 34,415 C, .562 15,705 11,, 580 32, 737 20, 3!Vi 18,719 15, 875 16, 285 2.5,235 340, 906 13,S'!9l 12, 223 23,265 14,768 13, 4,84 16,6S5 21.450 7, .565 15,65:! 10, 63< 9,103 12, 0.52 3'<,291 11,134 20, 277 14,9:t8 13,014 35,93 6,113 12,5S. .35. .51 ■« 25. 782 19, 6;i4 11, 239 17. 864 1.5, 0.54 27, 820 11, 24S 39, (Wl 24,352 12, .309 30.. 522 21,014 60, 792 12.533 27, 171 31,471 23,05:i 26,481 32,726 44,131 20,622 10,050 10, 184 0,581 20,500 23,702 53,988 11, 7:15 18,700 12, 082 25, 314 28, 403 10, 385 27,412 47.540 13,7-23 10,953 .30, 768 11,437 8, 7.52 0,280 20,859 12 803 20. 783 12,714 46, 352 17,410 10. .5.30 25. 470 10, 751 ."■l.OOS .30, 008 27. 003 1"',.518 3>,.388 8,811 23, 174 17, .='00 10,758 16, 846 27, .503 4:!, "13 17,3-20 29, .301 18,9.50 Counlv .Scat-!. ,5,105 Fi-hrn:n-> 1:, :■ > r, ■ : 6, 1-29: January -, i ; . > 1 1,'249i.Ianilary L-. I 2,802 Septem't T 1 l ! 1 ~i. , w ,. . 3, 014 January 2. 1, \,'352. January 1.3. i-'25 ("arthape i, 0-24 March 2, 1 . rii ii . thtown ... ),755'.Tanuarv J , ' ■. ka ">, 609 .lanuarv 1 1 ' ::.l»e ),457|Fehruary : '., !~:; Wn-.ka 2,508|january l'>, lsn: Mtirphv>boro. .. t,5;5rFebruary 1.5, 1831 iNcwton 1, 03o!March20, 1819 Mt. Vernon i, 5161 February 2-*, 1839 Jersevville r, .5.34 1 February 17, 1S27 Galena !, 079 September 1 1, 1-12 | Vienna l,056lJanuary 1 % \?'\f\ .Geneva 1, 061 1 February It, 1S5I Kankakee Citv.. t,08i:Februarylfi, l>fU Yorkville !,36o!Janu.ary i:i- 1S2'> Galcsburg.. l,209|March 1, ls;.i Waukoian 1, 42ii.Tanuary 1"., 1^:1 nitnwaV «.... :,' ; lii'i; \- 11 l.awrenceville ... ; ; 1 I ,- j: i'ixon ,11^ .■ : : ., P'lntiac .,"11 r.i'iiii.-l ;■. Lincoln 1,071 .lanna'-vl'i, 21 Decatur ■,705 .January IT, 1820 'Carlinville 1, 141 September 14, 1812 E'lH-ardsville 1,001 'January 24, 1823 Salem . i,030;january 10, 1S30 Lacon i, 244 January 20, 1811 Havana I, 443:February8, 1843 IMctropoIis 1S26 ,iMa l\Voo<^; hard to locate Madison county speci- '^r "-V' Jw ^j"^tl fically ; to speak of it as one of the south-western counties is eminently pro- per. Geographically it lies wholly with- in the degree belt lying south of the thir- ty-ninth parallel of latitude, whilst the thirteenth meridian of longitude west from Washington bisects it north and south. Its northern boundary is 39° north latitude; its southtrn 38° 33'norlh ; whilst its eastern is 12° 36' 30" west longitude, and its most western point 13° 16' west. Its greatest length east and west is thirty-four miles. It? width twenty-four miles. It contains 72008 square miles or 461,315.86 acres. It is bounded on the north by Jersey, Macoupin and Mont- gomery counties; on the east by Bond and Clinton, on the south by Clinton and St. Clair, west by the Missis- sippi river and Jersey county. The Mississippi river washes its western boundary for a distance of over twenty miles. The county derives its name from James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, during whose administration it was organized. The geographical situation of the county is unsurpassed It embraces sixteen full and eight fractional parts of congressional townships and is divided for political purposes into twenty-three townships as follows: Helvetia, Saline, Leef, New Douglas, St. Jacobs, Marine, Alhambra, Olive, Jarvi«, Pin Oak, Hamel, Omph, Ghent, Collinsville, Edwardsville, Fort Russell, Moro, Nameoki, Chouteau, Wood River, Fosterburg, Venice, Alton and Godfrey. Edwardsville, situated a little southwest of the geographi- cal and almost exactly upon the population centre of the county, is its capital. It is eighteen miles distant from St. Louis and ninety miles from Springfield, the capital of the State. The first surveys of land under the government of the United States were made in January, 1808, in what is now Collinsville township by John Messenger. During the same year J. Milton Moore, and J. Messenger, a sub- contractor under William Rector, ran several township lines. The entire work of setting forth the metes and bounds of such townships was not completed until some time in January, 1819. At various times between the dates above given lines were run by J. Messenger, J. M. Moore, Thomas W. Thurston, Enoch Moore, J. S. Conway, Charles Powell, H. Morley, E Barcroft, George Frazer, G. Marshall, C. Lockhart, J. Judy and Joseph Borough. Prior to any entries of these lands were claims located in accordance with various provisions for such, which were set forth in a report made by ISIessrs Michael Jones and E. Bockus, commissioners to sit in judgment upon the various claims brought under the provisions of various acts of Congress. Their first reports bear date December 31st, 1809. '' There are," say the commissioners, "four species of claims upon which, as commissioners for this district, we have had to act. 1st. Those founded on ancient grants or allotments derived from former government or from the Indians. 2d. Those founded on the grant of a donation of four hundred acres to ea(.h of those who were heads of famiies in the county at or before the treaty with England in 1783. 3d. Those founded on having actually improved and cultivated land in the country, under a supposed grant of the same by court commandant. 4th. Those founded on their having been enrolled on the 1st of August, 1790, and done duty in the militia." The first and second of these classes were under the act of June 20, 1778, and third and fourth under that of March 3d, 1791. To the second of these belong the first confirmations of lands within the limits of Madison County. To the third were several, whilst to the fourth were more than half the whole number. These claims will be presented properly elsewhere in this work. POPULATION. The population at different periods is as follows : 1818. (Dana's Geographical Sketch). . . . 5,456 1820. (State census. Edwardsville Spectator). . 8,549 1820. (United State? census,) '• " . • 13,550 1830. (Peck's Gazeteer) 6,540 1840. (United States Census) 14,433 1850. " " " 20.441 1860. " " " 31,556 1865. (State Census) 42,042 1870. (United States Census) 44,.322 1880. '■ " " 50,141 Discrepancies in this table are partially accounted for by changes in territory. Madison county at one time reached to the north line of the United States and embraced a terri- tory now divided not alone into counties but states as well. TOPOGRArHY. The surface of the country presents a pleasing variety, gently rolling prairies predominating. The majestic bluff's of the Mis.sispippi present a rocky wall along its shore from the mouth of the Illinois to Alton and then tending inland around the great American bottom, round their fronts into grassy sloped hills that go down more gently to the fertile fields of the garden spot of Illinois. These bluifij, like adamantine walls checking the course of destruction of raging floods, are from eighty to one hundred and fi'ty feet in height. From their crest a lovely panorama spreads out to view, comprehending as it does a view of the valley of the great Jilisscuri which commingles its muddy waters with HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 45 those of the Mississippi in their onrushingto the sea, and the intervening landscape of cultivated fields, here and there marred by stretches of sand or slouyhs waiting to be made to bloom and blossom as the rose before the hand of in- dustry when once redeemed by drainage- Eastward from the blufti are far-reaching prairies relieved by grove-crowned eminences, beautiful valleys and inviting hillsides. On many of the prairies are stretches of young and vigorous timber, where once was an open space consequent upon annual fires sweeping everything before them. The timber tracts, in the main, follow the meanderiugs of the various streams or crown the bluffs that hem in the valleys. The principal prairies are known as Ridge Prairie, Marine Prairie, Round Prairie, Liberty Prairie, Looking Glass Prairie, Six Mile Wet, or formerly Gillham's, Rattan's Prairie and Sand Prairie. All are fertile ; indeed are unsur- passed in the great Mississippi valley. TIMBER. The native kinds of timlier are fully set forth in the chapter on the Flora of the county, hence demand but brief mention here. The largest bodies of timber skirt the streams. Oak in great variety abounds, embracing black, white, overcup, post, &c. There are also white, black and shcllbark hickory, soft and sugar maple, ash, sassafras, black and white, or English walnut, wild cherry, elm, pecan, sycamore, honey locust, box alder, paw-paw, buckeye, red- bird, persimmon, hackberry and other woods indigenous to south and central Illinois. Of shade trees there are black locust, elm, maple, and representatives of the numerous family of evergreens. The preservation of the forest growth is a matter of vital importance. When it is remembered that wood is an article of constant daily consumption, posi- tively indispensable to nearly every use and appliance of modern civilization ; that railroads require millions of ties annually for purposes of construction as well as reparation, it becomes a que.stion of moment when will the supply be exhausted? The cessation of prairie fires, with their besom of destruction, admits a growth not enjoyed before the occu- pation of the land in the interests of agriculture. This is but an aid. Will nature's work be supplemented by intel- ligent action ? IIYDROGR.VPHV. The county is well supplied with natural water courses. Along a part of its western boundary roll the waters of tl e Mississippi, whose volume is here augmented by the addition of those of the Missouri. The eastern part of the county is drained by Sugar and Silver creeks together with their tributaries. Sugar Creek rises in Saline township, flows a southerly course, leaving the county at a point less than two miles distant from the south-eastern corner. Silver Creek, (so named because of a belief by the early French settlers of the territory in the existence of silver along its course) rises in the northern part, ami flows a southerly course leaving the county south of the village of Troy. Both of these streams are affluents of the Kaskaskia River. The west central \ya\-1 of the county is drained by Caho- kia and its branches. The north-western by Wood river and Piasa Creek, and their tributaries. In addition to these natural means of drainage, tiling has been resorted to with excellent results. Wet, marshy lauds have, through its agency, been reclaimed and made to gladden the hearts of progressive husbandmen by the rich harvests of the cereals they have borne. This tiling, which is fast coming into general use, is made out of a species of fire-clay, of which extensive beds are found in the county. As the benefits of tile draining become more manifest it will be still more ex- tensively used, and millions will be added to the wealth of the county. Here and there in deep valleys, or along the hillsides which fringe them are perennial springs of clear, pure, cold ■water. MOU.VDrt. Much speculation has been indulged in, respecting the group of mounds known as the Cahohia in the southwestern part of the county and of which "Monk's Mound" is the chief attraction. This matter is treated elsewhere in the chap'er on antiquities. Soil. — This county contains nearly all the elemental classes of soil known to agricultural writers. Argillaceous, calcare- ous and silicious soils, vegetable and alluvial loams, are re- presented by turns in the different geological formations which abound, often blended with each other in such minute gradations as to make it a task of some difficulty to classify them without preceding analysis. Part of these soils are characterized by a spontaneous growth of natural grasses and forest trees. Cultivation of the soil has greatly diminished the former, so that where once a luxuriant growth of wild grasses furnished sustenance to herds of cattle and droves of hogs, cultivated fields more than compensate for their extin- guishment. Here we find a stretch of the great sedimentary basin of the Mississippi valley, with its aggregations of cen- turies constituting a soil of inexhaustible fertility, and des- tined yet to be the great market garden whence will be sup- plied the wants of one of our nation's greatest cities. Hard by, frowning down upon this valley, save above Alton where, rock-ribbed in perpendicular walls, it overlooks the bright waters which reflect them back again, are the bluffs, whose heights are crowned with clay loam, or here and there but a thin covering of silicious soil, whose unfruitfulncss, by a wise dispensation of nature, is compensated for by the coal meas- ure beneath. Then again, farther to the oast aTid north are reached vast prairies with a wondrous wealth of black soil, from one to six feet in depth, and commonly termed vegetable mould, from the fact that for untold ages, extending back to the glacial period, immense accumulations of decayed vegetable matter have been successively adding their treasures, fertiliz- ing these plains, fitting them to become the supply stations for a dense population. Imperceptibly do the different va- rieties of .soil blend and intermingle. There is, too, a cold yellowish clay protruding itself to the surface in places on the upland-', but its extent is limited. With proper appli- ances such as drainage, there is but little land in the county not susceptible of cultivation. 46 HISTORY OF 21 AD ISO N COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Agrmdture. — lu none of the arts has such progress been made during the past hundred years as in that of agriculture. The pioneers depended largely upon the chase, the stream, and a bountiful nature for the supply of their wants. Small patches were cultivated, after a fashion, immediately about their door yards, and if one essayed to grow a larger area of corn or wheat recourse was had to the old wooden mould board plow with which to put the ground in condition. The earliest records we have of any agricultural labor within the limits of Madison county was that put forth by Catholic Missionaries in what is now the northwestern part of Na- nieoki township on land now occupied and owned by Samuel Squire. Here there were planted pear trees a hundred and forty years ago, here, too, on the then outskirts of civiliza- tion, was the first production of ct reals. It is a remarkable fact that from Green Bay in Wisconsin, to Kaskaskia, the route of these missionaries can be traced by pear trees now old and mostly decayed. Among early farmers who were devoted to their calling and brought skill to the aid of agricultural art were such men as Col. Samuel Judy, who planted an apple orchard nearly eighty years ago, the first in the county ; the Whitesides, whose especial delight was the improvement of the stock of horses ; the Gillhams, the Pruitts and others whose descendents have contributed largely to Madison's agricultural wealth. On the 9th day of February 1822 a meeting of farmers was held in the Court House in Edwardsville, who organized the first Agricultural Society in the county. Micajah Cox, Esq., was elected to the chair and Geo. Churchill was chosen Sec- retary. Upon perfecting their organization the following resolutions were adopted. Resolved. That a piece of plate of the value of five dollars be presented for the most approved essay on the best mode of pickling and preserving pork, and pointing out the cause of the difi'erence in value between New England and Wes- tern pork. Resolved. That a premium of sirailar value shall be given to the person who shall make the best specimen of malt liquor, not less than thirty gallons. Resolved. That a premium of similar value be presented to the person who shall present the greatest number of wolf scalps, not less than five, taken by himself within the limits of Madison county. Resolved. That a premium of similar value be presented to the person who shall manufacture the best piece of linsey- woolsey, not less than twenty yards. Resolved. That a premium of similar value be given to the member who shall raise a year old lamb which shall pro- duce the greatest quantity of wool. Resolved. That a piece of plate of the value of three dol- lars be awarded to the person who shall make the greatest quantity of proof spirit, not less than thirty gallons, from a given quantity of grain. This effjrt was not successful. Whether the premiums, or the matters selected on which to base them were the cause of abandonment does not appear. In 1831 an agricultural paper, called the Plotiffhboij, was established in Edwardsville. It is worthy of mention that choice nursery stock was advertised in its columns. As early as 1820 there appeared in the Edwirdsvil/e Spectator accounts of wonderful fields of various cereals, evidently intendel to at- tract the attention of immigrants. In 1822 Daniel A. Lauter- man raised five hundred bushels of oats on ten acres of land. Solomon Truitt harvested fifty-two bushels of wheat from a single acre. One hundred and twenty bushels of corn were raised on an acre. Castor beans were quite extensively raised sixty years ago. John Adams commenced the manufacture of castor oil in Edwardsville in 1825, and in 1831 turned out 12,000 gallons. The first vineyard in the county was near Highland in 1844. In 1847 Mr. KoefHi made the first wine. Improved varieties of apples were planted by John Collet, E. J. West, Gershom Flagg and D. A. Lautermau as early as 1820. The trees planted by Messrs. Collet & West were procured from New York, those of Flagg from Greenville, Bond county. Among the varieties were Kirkbridge, White, Rambo, Pryor's Red, Penuock, Pennsylvania, Red Streak, Newtown Pippin, Rawle's Janet. The first established nur- sery was that of Collet & Masson Mr. Collet was an Eng- lishraau, and Mr. Masson a French-Swiss. Their stock of fruit trees ivas largely of foreign origin. The nursery was on section 22, Tp 5, R 8, from whence it was moved in 18:!2 to section 8. In 1829 or 30, Mr. Charles Howard obtained some poach pits from a Mr. Fitchenal, which he planted within the present limits of Alton. Of the trees which grew from them he transplanted one to his farm near Greenwood. From records kept by the Alton Horticultural Society, from which much of the above is gleaned, we learn that a s-iugle peach from one of these trees sold in St. Louis fir two dollars. The Agricultural Society formed in Edwardsville on the 31st of October, 1854, also the Alton Horticultural So- ciety organized November 12th, 1853, receive elsewhere in this work full attention. The Madison County Farmers' Club holds monthly meet- ings from house to house Its deliberations have resulted in great good Its contributions to agricultural literature have been of practical value. To show the progress of agriculture in Madison county the following tables compiled from the Census of 1850 are placed in contrast with those of 1860 and 1870. Census of ld:'-)0 : Acres of land in farms ; improved 93, 251; unimproved 165,067. Valueof farms and implements — farms S2,435 145 ; implements and machinery $142,457. Live Stock: Horses 6,745; asses and mules 317; milch cows 6,414 ; working oxen 2,056 ; other cattle 1 2,740 ; sheep 9,085 ; swine 40,233 ; value of live stock $480,668. Value of slaughtered animals 81 15 680. PRODUCE DURING TUE YE.VR ENDEXG JUNE IST, 1850. Whe.it bushel S8,S93 Rye " 611 Indian Corn biHliel 1,1.^),S,183 O.its bushel, 202,0o9 Tub,iceo pound?, 100 Wool pounds, 19,878 HIS TORY OF MADISON COUNTY, II L I NO IS. 47 Peas and Beana bushel, 1,6G9 Hay tons, 0,499 Irish Potiiloes bushel, 270,204 Clover bushel, 14 Hops pounds, 56 Oiher Grass Seeds, 71 Sweet potatoes bushel, . . ■ ' • • . . . 6,732 Barley bushel, 220 Buckwheat-bushel, 839 AVine gallons 023 Value Orchard Products $17 411 Cheese pounds, 14,136 Produce Market Gardens, Value, $2,269 Butter pounds, 2')1,S24 Value Home Made Manufactures, $2S,9oO Honey and Beeswax pounds, 11,006 Census of 1860 : Acres of lauds in farms ; improved 1 28, 988; Value $4,137,910. Value impleiuents aud machinery $385,770. Livestock: Horses 9,22.5 ; asses and mules 1,317; neat cattle 24,269; sheep 4,062; swine 26,085; Value of live stock 8736,171. Censiis of 1870 : Acres laud improved, 183,026 ; horses 12,417; mules 2,976; sheep 5,275; swine 45,407; wheat bushel, 410,257; corn bushel, 3,191,140. No. of cattle 14,101. In 1860 there were eight manuflicturiug establishments divided between agricultural implements, plows and thresh- ers and horse powers which gave employment to sixty-one men ; employed an aggregate capital of 853,450, and turned out manufactured articles to the value of §63,525. t'e«.«i(.« of 1880: Inasmuch as elsewhere in this work will be found complete returns Census of 1880, for the present purpose we insert only statistics of cereals, as follows : Barley 5 acres, 54 bushels ; buckwheat 9 acres, 80 bushels ; corn 98, 780 acres, 4,058,15-5 bushels; oats 13,905 acres, 351,505 bushels; rye 161 acres, 2,299 bushels; wheat 129,861 acres, 2,607,969 bushels. By comparison with other counties of Illinois, Madison stands first in production of wheat. In orchard products, striking an average of all varieties of fruit she stands second. Several counties produce more peaches, others again more apples or pears as the case may be, but when great variety coupled with production is jiresentcd Madisou county takes her rank among the foremost of the iStatc In production of wheat she stands fourth in the Uniied States. Her product is greater than either of the following States, Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, all the New Eug- land States combined, Delaware, Florida, ]Missis.-ippi, New Jersey, South Carolina and Te.xas. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. In 1805 feeble eiforts were put forth by farmers living in the American bottom to ship their produce to market directly upon their own account, thus exhibiting considerable enter- prise. They constructed several rude rafts on Grand Isle, now Chouteau, which thty loaded with corn, cattle, hrgs, chickens, Ac, and went do«n the Mississippi to New Orleans. Some reached their destined port in safety, others were wrecked on the voyage for want of proper skill in the navi- gation of the river. These trips consumed much time, as they were carried forward by the force of the current and were compelled to return by laud. In a few years rumors of successful steamboat navigation of the Hudson reached these pioneers, but they shook their heads and gravely said the current of the Mississippi would never admit of such navigation here Their doubts were however dispelled on the 2d of August 1817 when the " General Pike " command- ed by Capt. James Reed landed at St. Louis. In 1818 continuing until 1S20 boats under charge of Col. James Johnson i brother to Richard M.) shipped supplies for Fort Osage — far up the Missouri — under contract with the United States Goverument, from Alton. This was the time of the origin of the expression ''St. Louis is a village twenty miles below Alton " And in 1834 when the "Piskilwa," Captain Chambers commanding, commenced making regular daily trips between Alton and St. Louis, letters directed "St. Louis, twenty miles from Alton, III." were not uncommon. At the time Arthur Phillips was contractor for carrying the mail and Bruner was postmaster at Alton. lu 1837 the "Alpha" was put into the trade. She was succeeded by the ''Eagle,' owned and run by Captains Wil- sou, Reed and Clay, of St Louis. In 1843 Captain William P. Lamothe, of Alton, bought her, and the Altou and St. Louis Packet became an Alton institution. From Hair's Gazetteer are gathered the following facts relative to this trade. In January 1844 Lamothe in connection with Starnes and Springer of St Louis, built the Suella. In 1845 Frink and Walker, the old Stage proprietors of Chicago, put the steamer "Geo Briggs," Captain James E. Starr, in opposi- tion to her. This competition was, however, soon checked by the proprietors joining hands and forming a joint stock com- pany. In 1848 Messrs. S. and P. Wise in connection with Captain Thomas C. Starr and other citizens of Alton bought the " Tempest," and started opposition to the old line ; at the time the fare to and from St. Louis was one dollar. In 1849 the old company gave the 'Tempest," a hot opposition ; the "Suella," Captain. George E. Hawley; Jno. A. Bruner, Pilot. Bruner and Hawley had chartered the boat, put the fare to seventy-five cents, then to fifty, then to twenty-five, then to ten and finally carried passengers free, and freight for nearly nothing Both boats carried bands of music, leav- ing as they did at the .same hour; racing was regularly in order and great quantities of rosin and turpentine were used in connection with their wood for fuel. Parenthetically it may be remarked that this was before law restricted engi- neers in amount of steam to be employed. The result of this ruinous p ilicy was a compromise effected in 1849, when con- solidation of interests took effect. The Suella ran in the trade during the spring of 1850, and the Tempest the balance of the year and the whole of li^51. Frink and Walker sold out to Captain Joseph Brown, who in connection with S. and P. Wise, and Gaty, McCune & Co., of St. Louis, built the " Altona," which commenced running in December 1851, and was the fastest boat on the western waters. She made the run from St. Louis to Alton in one hour and thirty-seven minutes; the fastest time ever made to Alton from that city. In September 1852 the Chicago and Mississippi railroad company bought the Altona, D. C. Adams, Captain. 48 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. This was done to give the road connection with St. Louis, and was in accord with the old internal improvement scheme of politicians of the day, who desired to concentrate every- thing within state boundaries as far as possible, and recog- nized Alton as the future great meiropolis. They also bought the steamer "Cornelia," commanded by Captain Lamothe, the same year, for the passenger busine-s, making two trips per day. The Cornelia sank in December 1853, when in charge of Captain Jno. A. Bruner, and the Altona January l>-t, 1854. The "St. Paul," commanded by Captain Lamothe then did all the business until March, when the " Winchester " ; was bought by Samuel J. Owens for the company, simulta- neously with the purchase of the "Keiudeer" by Captain, ; Adams. These boats not proving to be profitable invest- ments were sold. Jno. J. and Wra. H. Mitchell and Joseph Brown were the purchasers, they contracting to do the rail- '• road business between the two points. There were some changes in ownership to 1857, wllen the company had three boats, the "Reindeer," "Baltimore," and "York State." On November 10, the Reindeer sank. There were several different boats chartered to do the work until the company built the famous "City of Alton," commanded by Captain George E. Hawley, which came out in the fall of 1860. She ran in the trade until the war broke out, when on ac- count of the railroad company seudiug their passengers through by rail over the Terre Haute and Alton railroad to St. Louis, she was withdrawn from the Alton trade, and ran from St. Louis south, in command of Captain Wm. Barnes. In June, 1862, the company bought the steamer "B.M. Runyan," Captain, Jas. S. Bellas. She ran in the trade until 1864, when she was sent south, and sunk July 21st, proving a total loss. The compauy then ran the "Tatum" in the Alton trade, until the Chicago and St. Louis company extended their road to St. Louis, taking all the railroad freight from the boat in the winter of 1864. The company ran the Tatum during January and February 1865, but not paying expenses she was withdrawn and sent elsewhere, thus abandoning the trade to the through packets. There was no packet for a month when Captain John A. Bruner in con- nection with Tunstal and Holmes and others of St. Louis, put in the steamer " May A. Bruner." She was withdrawn and the "South- Wester" took her place, the May A. Bru- ner being put on the Arkansas trade to ply between St. Louis and Little Rock. The South- Wester ran in the trade until 1868, and was succeeded by the Comet. In May 1869 the Belle of Alton came out and ran in the trade until 1871, when she was sent south. She was completely destroyed by fire at New Orleans, March 28th, 1871. In September same year the Schuyler took her place. In 1874 a rivalry was insti- tuted between the Illinois, the successor of the Schuyler, owned by the Illinois River Packet Company, and the De Smet, purchased by Messrs. Bruner and Labarge. After two months and a half the Illinois was withdrawn. Soon after the Spread Easrle owned by the Eagle Packet Company entered into competition with the De Smet. This generous rivalry ended in consolidation of interests in 1874. The Eagle Co. was the outgrowth of the Eagle, a small boat put into the trade between Keokuk, Alexandria and "Warsaw, many years ago by Hamilton Branum. Branum had the contract for carrying the U. S. Mail between these points, which he did for a time in a skiff, which was laid aside for the Eagle. Branum has been known to take a horse across the river at Keokuk in his skiff. The Eagle Packet Company is officered as follows: J. R. Williams, of Warsaw, President. G. W. Hill, of Alton, Secretary and Treasurer. Henry Leyhe, " Superintendent. William Leyhe, " Ass't. Supt. The Spread Eagle is one of the best and ftistest boats on the upper Mississippi. The company also own the Imperial and the Little Eagle. The Alton packets commenced the extension of their run to Grafton in 1869. The " Jack Robinson," a propeller owned by Capt. Jno A. Bruner, made a trial trip up to that point, carrying many merchants and business men of Alton. Citizens of Grafton promised their trade, and from the start the trade proved lucrative. In 18T1 a daily line was com- menced between Grafton and St. Louis, which arrangement has since been maintained. In addition to the regular packet of the Northern Line Company, the " Diamond Joe," the Illinois River and Clarksville packets make regular trips, stopping at Alton, and competing with the local packets for a share of her trade. KAILKOADS. j Railroading is comparatively a new industry. Six thous- and years have added their contributions to science, yet during fifty years only have railroads been known. Seieu- ' tists of all ages have grappled with problems of govern- ment, social life, and questions of demand and supply, and 1 left the records of their efforts for our instruction. The I accumulated wisdom of centuries furnish store-houses from whence we can draw such instruction ; but railroads are J things of to-day Our fathers died after welcoming their i birth, and yet, brief as the span of time since their concep- tion, what mighty levers they have become in the advance- ment of the world's material industries ! Archimedes said "Give me whereon to stand, and I will move the world." Railroads have found the standing-space, reached forth i their iron arms, and moved the world. All this, ton, within I the memory of living men. The locomotive steam engine was invented by George Stephenson, of England, and was first successfully used September 27, 1825, on a short road built from Stockton to Darlington. la 1830 there were only twenty-jhree miles of railroad in the United States. The road between Baltimore and Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, 11 J miles iu length, was the first regularly opened for pas- senger traffic, which was in July of that year. The train was termed a " Brigade of Cars." It was the first road to present a time-card. The "Brigade of Cars " was drawn by horses or mules. It had not then been demonstrated that locomotives could attain a speed of over six miles an hour, nor was it until later in the same sea.son, when George Stephenson's " Rocket " attained the then remarkable speed of fifteen miles an hour. In the Baltimore American of July, 1830, was the advertisement of this road, stating that HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 49 a sufficient number of cars had been provided to accommo- date the travelling public, and that a brigade would leave the depot on Pratt Street at 6 and 10 o'clock, a.m., and at 3 and 4 o'clock, p.^r; returning, would leave the depot at EUicott's Mills at 6 and 8,V o'clock, a.m., and 121 and 6 o'clock, P.M. This time-card was accompanied with posi- tive orders prohibiting any passengers from entering the cars without tickets, also with a provision for engaging cars by the day, where parties were so disposed. In 1837 the internal improvement scheme was in its hey- day. Railroads were projected everywhere. The first road located in Madison county was the Alton and Mt. Carmel, via. Edwardsville, Carlyle, Salem, Fairfield and Albion to Mt. Carmel. Not only was the road located but contracts were entered into by the state for the grading and bridging of the road, and considerable work was done between Alton and Highland. About the same time branch roads were in con- templation from this " trunk " line as follows : one diverg- ing from Edwardsville to Shawneetown, passing through Lebanon, Nashville, Pinckneyville, Frankfort and Equal- ity: one from Lebanon to Bellville, for which $1,750,000 was appropriated. A railroad from Alton via Upper Alton, Hillsboro, Shelbyville, Charleston, Paris, and from thence to the state line in the direction of Terre Haute, Indiana, where it was to connect with the railroad and canal commu- nications through that state both in an eastern and southern direction. For this road there was appropriated $1,250,000. Also a survey was made and stock taken for one from Alton to Springfield, seventy-five miles, which was designed to open au importau tline of communication with the interior, and eventually became connected with the great line of the Atlantic cities. In November of 1837 the financial crash swept over the whole country. General bankruptcy followed, and all these railroad schemes yielded to the inevitable. The laurels of being first in the field with a railroad were wrested from Madison county in favor of her sister upon the south, St. Clair, where the Illinois and St. Louis railroad, the first in the Mississippi valley, was built. It was built independent of state aid by Governor Reynolds, Samuel B. Chandler, George Walker and Daniel Pierce. CHICAGO AND ALTON RAILROAD.* This is one of the most important roads of the great system of railroads in the Mississippi Valley. The length of line within the limits of Madi.son county, including the "cut off" from near Alton Junction to a point above God- frey, including switches and side tracks, is 48 miles, 2265 feet. The air-line between St. Louis and Chicago, the two most prominent cities of the Great West, and the most pro- nounced commercial rivals, occupies a prominent position among the Trans-Mississippi railroads. This maj' be attri- buted partly to the persistent manner in which the manage- ment has fostered and developed the local business along the line of the road, and partly to the fact that since its reor- * For some of the data on C. and A. R. R. we are indebted to an article by Vernon, in a work entitled, " Railway and River System of St. Louis." 7 ganization in 1862 the company has, until recently, been the only one in the railroad system of St. Louis, east of the Mississippi river, which paid dividends to its stockholders. Little did they dream who obtained a charter, in or about 1S47, for the Alton and Sangamon Railroad, and who were indefatigable in securing subscriptions along the proposed lioe,(72 miles in length), for its construction and equipment, that they were laying the corner-stone of one of the most valuable railroad properties in the country, and that withiu the comparatively brief period of thirty j'ears, the line between Alton and Springfield would be merely a small link in an extended railroad system, under one comprehensive management, of more than 840.34 miles. The road between Alton and Springfield was commenced in 1846, and com- pleted in 1852, with the proceeds of bona fide local sub- scriptions to .stock, under the management of a local board of directors.* After the completion of the road to Spring- field, additional legislation was obtained for extending the line to Bloomington. Mr. Henry Dvvight conceived the idea of extending the road to Joliet, and making a connec- tion at that point for Chicago and the East. In furtherance of this idea he obtained a charter for a company called the " Chicago and Mississippi Railroad Company," and having obtained a board of directors in his interest, issued bonds to the amount of $3,500,000 in 1856, with the proceeds of which the line was completed through to Joliet. Subse- quently a lease of the road from Alton to Joliet was made. The road was sold at auction, and it was bid ofl' by Governor Mattison and one or two associates in December, 1857, for the paltry sum of $5,000. The road between Alton and Joliet, at the time of this sale, represented a cost for construction and equipment of $9,535,000, or about $46,640 per mile of road. The purchasers at this auction sale organized themselves into a company, called the "St. Louis, Alton and Chicago Railroad Company," and perhaps under ordinary circumstances might have made their venture a success ; but the business and general inter- ests of the whole country were so crippled by the panic of 1857, that failure seems to have been accepted as a foregone conclusion, and after various struggles for existence, the property passed in 1860 under the hands of a receiver, Mr. James Robb, formerly a banker of New Orleans, and a gentleman of recognized executive and financial ability. Under Mr. Robb's management an era of prosperity was inaugurated, and the affairs of the company were so success- fully managed that in 1862 measures were taken for reorgan- izing the company, and in October of that year the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company was formed, with the former receiver, as president of the new company. The attention of the management, after the reorganization, was directed to securing an independent line under their own control be- tween Chicago and St. Louis, which were recognized as the future termini of the property. In furtherance of these *No one was so persistent in ellbrt or so liberal in sacrifice in securing the construction of this part of the C. & A. as was the late Capt. Godfrey. Mr. Godfrey lived in a car as the work progressed, labored as a day laborer, and mortgaged everything in his possession to secure the build- ing of the road. 60 BISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. views, a lease in perpehiity was first secured of the Joliet aud Chicago Railroad. It was at this juDCtiire that Mr. John J. Mitchell, a warm friend and supporter of the Chicago and Alton interests, offered to build an independent road from Alton to East St. Louis, provided that the Chicago aud Alton, on completion of the road, merge the franchises of the Alton and St. Louis charter, obtained in 1850, ihen owned and controlled by Mr. John J. Mitchell, with their own. The proposition was accepted, and during the winter of 1864 trains of the Chi- cago and Alton Railroad were running to East St Louis, and terminating on valuable depot grounds, obtained by Mr. Mitchell for the Chicago and Alton Railroad from the Wig- ging's Ferry Company. From this date forward this railroad company assumed an independent position in the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley, as the chief transportation line between St. Louis and Chicago. Four years later, viz : in 1868, the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company secured control of the line from Bloomington to Godfrey, a distance of 180 miles, built under the charter of the St. Louis, Jack- sonville and Chicago Railroad Company. The lease of thJs valuable property covers a period of nine hundred and ninety years, and the rental paid is 40 per cent, of gross earnings with the understanding that such 40 per cent, shall in no case amount to a less sum annually than $240,000." Subsequently in 1870-71, arrangements were made with the St. Louis, Jacksonville and Chicago Railroad Company for building a branch road from Roodhouse to Louisiana, on the Mississippi river, a distance of 3S miles, under an agree- ment, whereby the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company guaranteed the annual interest on bonds issued on construc- tion of such branch. At the same time control was obtained of the charter and franchises of the Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad Company, which has been incorporated by the legislature of the state of Missouri, to build a railroad from Louisiana to Kansas City, an estimated distance of 216 miles, together with a branch from Me.xico to Cedar City, opposite to Jefferson City, five miles in length. It is believed that in consideration of building this road in Missouri, the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company were to receive $80, 000 i)er mile, §15,000 mortgage bonds, $10,000 preferred, and $5,000 ordinary stock of the Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad Company, and in addition such county aud local aid, as has been donated in favor of the enterprise. The fifty miles of road from Louisiana to Mexico were opened for traffic in the winter of 1871-72, the line from Mexico to Fulton, 242 miles, March 6lh, 1872, and the line from Fulton to Cedar City, 25V miles, in July of the same year. At the time when the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company assumed control of the road in Missouri, it was intended to build an independent line from Louisiana to Kansas City, but when the road had reached Mexico, and when considerable grading had been done between that point aud Glasgow, legal questions were raised as to the legality of certain county and township aid which had been voted beyond the Missouri river at Glasgow, and the courts held that the charter only contemplated a line between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and not crossing the river at various points, hence the subventions beyond Glasgow were illegal. The decision involved the susjjeusion of the through line project, and arrangements were made with the St. Louis, Kansas City aud Northern Railway Company for traffic arrangements, over its road from Mexico to Kansas City, and for running through passenger and sleeping cars on the line between Chicago and Kansas City, via Blooming- ton, Roodhouse, Louisiana and Mexico. It is almost needless to say that the advantages for through business thus obtained, have been abundantly utilized, to the pecuniary advantage of both railroad companies interested in the through line; also that the Chicago and Alton Kansas City line has been one of the most popular for passenger traffic between the east and west. The rapid, and it might be truly said un- paralleled development of Kansas, Colorado and South-west- ern Missouri, during the past six years, convinced the man- agers of the Chicago and Alton Railroad of the necessity for owning and controlling an independent line from Mexico to Kansas City, and the views thus entertained assumed a practical shape during 1878, by the formation of an inde- pendent company, to build what is known as the Missouri Extension, from Mexico to Kansas City, it being understood that the extension, when built, should be leased in perpetuity by the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, and thus become an integral part of that extended railroad system. The through line from Chicago to Kansas City, via Mexico and Glasgow, will not exceed 4S5 miles iu length, and the distance will be about four miles shorter than that via Gales- burg and the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. CHARACTERISTIC'S OF THE KOAD. Main Line — Chicago to Joliet, perpetual lease 37.20 miles Joliet to East St. Louis, owned 243.60 " Western Dirision — Dwight to Washington, owned . . . 69.80 '* Branch to Lacon, owned 10.00 " Chicago and Illinois River, leased 23.86 '' Coal Branch, owned, 3.98 " Jacksonville Division — Bloomington to Godfrey, leased, . 150.60 '' Roodhouse to Louisiana, including bridge, owned . . . 38.10 " Louisiana and Missouri Railroad — perpetual lease ... " Louisiana to Mexico 50.80 " ' Mexico to Cedar City 50.00 " Missouri Extension — perpetual lease " Mexico and Glasgow. Marshall to Kansas City . 162.50 " *Upper Alton Division • 7.00 " Total length of road owned and leased 847.30 " Number of counties in the state of Illinois traversed by Chicago & Alton Railroad sixteen, 15.68 per cent, of the whole number of counties in the state. True value of real and personal estate in .said sixteen counties, 44.42 per cent, of the total value of real and per- sonal estate in the state. Number of acres of improved land in said sixteen counties. 23.25 per cent, of the whole improved property of the state. ~ The contract was let for constructing the Upper Alton Division of the St. Louis, Jacksonville & Chicago R. R. (controlled by the C. & A. R. R. Co., February lst,1881. The object of constructing the same was to avoid the heavy grade through .\lton or from Godfrey to Alton, also making a saving in distance of nearly 2 V miles, tiit;il length of new road constructed 7 miles. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 61 Value of farms in said sixteen counties, 26 46 per cent, of the total value of improved farms in the state. Estimated value of farm productions in said sixteen coun- ties, 23.09 percent, of the total estimated value of farm pro- ductions in the state. Value of live stock in said .sixteen counties, 24 per cent, of the total value of live stock in the state. Number of counties in the state of Missouri traversed by Chicago & Alton Railroad, eight, 7 per cent, of the whole number of counties in the state. Population of said counties, about 16 per cent, of the total population of the state. As.*essed value of real and per.sonal estate in eight coun- ties, about !■") per cent, of the total assessed valu ) of real and personal estate in the state. True value of real and personal estate in said eight coun- ties, 981 per cent, of the total true value of real and personal estate in the state. Number of acres of improved land in said eight coun- ties, 15.92 per cent, of the whole improved property of the state. Value of farms in said eight counties, 14.88 per cent, of the total value of improved farms in the state. Estimated value of farm productions in said eight counties, 13.50 per cent, of the total estimated value of farm produc- tions in the state. Value of live stock iu said eight counties, 13.66 per cent, of the total value of live stock in the state. In brief the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company has, by a judicious system of permanent improvement, and by the introduction of all the modern appliances which tend to the preservation of life and propert}', placed itself in such a con- dition, materially and physically, that its financial future cannot be affected by the contingencies which severally affect other roads. Its success as one of the great highways of the west is an assured reality. It might be appropriately noted here that while much of this road's past success may be attri- buted to its admirable geographical location, embracing a very rich section of the country for li)cal traffic, and with termini on Lake Michigan and the Missisjippi and Missouri rivers, equally as much is due to the stability and manage- ment during the past decade and a half, and to the fact that the property has never yet become the foot-ball of specula- tors Nothing, perhaps, has a greater tendency to demoral- ize the working force on any railroad, and, it might be said, impair its usefulness to the public, than the spasmodic changes in the control and managment, which have charac- terized the history of most western railroads, and from these vicissitudes the Chicago and Alton Railroad has been happily exempt. The executive management and the entire directors have been practically the same for the past fifteen years, and where to recognized skill in opsrating there has been added the financiering and engineering ability of the presi- dent, and the solid unanimous support of wealthy stockhold- ers, and directors distinguished for business ability, it is not surprising that the Chicago and Alton Railroad has main- tained a firm position as an investment in the moneyed cen- ters of the world, and has acquired a well-merited popularity with the traveling and shipping public. Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway — More widely and commonly known as the Watash, has a length of about forty-four miles in this county, including side tracts, running diagonally across from the south-west to a point ten miles west of the north-west corner. Through a system of consol- idation, unparalleled iu American railways, it has become a giant among them. This consolidation it is estimated, has added 850,000,000 to the value of bonds and shares of the various companies now incorporated in the Wabash system. The road takes its title from the river of that name, a tribu- tary of the Ohio, which in part separates the States of Indi- ana and Illinois. Twenty-nine years ago, in April 1853, the initial steps were taken in behalf of a line of road to ex- tend from Toledo, Ohio, to the Mississippi river, such road to be subject to the direction and control of one official man- agement. Upon examination of tht laws of the States through which it was to pa^s it was found impracticable to prosecute the enterprise under one corporate organization, and consequently distinct corporations were organized in each State. In April, 1853, the "Toledo and Illinois Rail- road Company " was incorporated under the general railroad laws of Ohio, with power to build a railroad from Toledo to the western boundary of the State. The capital stock was originally fixed at S500,0'IO, but in 1855, was increased to 82.500,000. In August, 1853, the " Lake Erie, Wabash and St. Louis Railroad Campany" was incorporated in the State of Indiana, with power to construct a railroad from the east line of the State to a point on the western line in the direc- tion of Danville, Illinois. The road was constructed in 1856 and the companies consolidated under the name " Toledo, Wabash and Western." Financial embarra-ssraents con- fronted the company during the panic of 1857. Various changes in management and name followed. St. Louis as an objective point — as indicated in the name of one of the cor- porations, was lost sight of — the road was built across Illinois, terminating at Meredosia with a branch from Bluffs to Na- ples. From Meredosia to Camp Point a road was owned by the " Quincy and Toledo," company. In conformity to laws of Ohio, Indiana and lUiouis, then but recently adopted, authorizing consolidation where the roads of various com- panies formed a continuous line, these roads were placed under one management, the "Toledo, Wabash and West- ern Railway Company." In August, 1870, arrangements were made with the " Decatur and East St. Louis Railroad Company, for the construction and equipment of a railroad between Decatur and East St. Louis, the understanding be- ing that on completion thereof the bonded debt of the Deca- tur and .St. Louis Railroad Company to the extent of ?25,000 per mile should be assumed by the Tidedo, Wabash and Western, and that the capital stock of the Decatur and East St. Louis Railway Compmy to the amount of 815,000 per mile should be exchanged at par for the stock of the Toledo. Wabash and Western The road to St. Louis was completed and opened for business in 1871. During the two years fol- lowing the Wabash acquired by lease the "Hannibal and Missouri Central," the " Pekin, Lincoln and Decatur," and the "Lafayette and Bloomington." In the early part of 1873 the "Toledo, Wabash and Western" controlled and 52 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. operated 905 miles of road, with average gross earnings for the whole system of more than §6,000 per mile per annum, and it promised, although capitalized at a high figure, to re- alize the most sanguine expectations of its owners. The financial panic of 1873 seriously affected the road so that it failed to meet its obligations and in 1874 the property was placed in the hands of Hon. John D. Cox, as Receiver. The road remained in the receiver's hands and under control of the court until 1?77, when arrangements having been effected by the company, transfer of tlie property was made to the "Wabash Railroad Company." Soon after it underwent a reorganization under the name of Wabash, St Louis and Pacific Railway Company. From the last annual report the following facts are gathered. " During the past year there has been added to the Wabash St. Louis and Pacific system, the following roads, either by purchase or lease, viz : On July 15, 1881, the Peoria, Pekin and Jacksonville, 72.9 miles in length, was acquired by purchase; on July 15, 1881, the Springfield and Northwestern R. R., 47.2 miles in length, was also acquired by purchase; on August 15, 1881, the Detroit and Butler Road, 112.6 miles in length, complet- ing our line to Detroit, was acquired by purchase; on Sep- tember 1, 1881, the Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago Road, running from Indianapolis to Michigan City, 161 miles, was acquired by purchase; on October 1, 1881, the Cairo and Vincennes, the Danville and Southwestern, and the St. Fran- cisville and Lawrenceville Railroads, 267.3 miles in length, forming our "Cairo Division," were acquired by purcha.se. The Quincy, Missouri and Pacific Road was extended from Milan to Trenton, a distance of 31 miles, and opened for business August 5, 1881. The Attica and Covington Branch, extending from Attica to Covington, 14 5 miles was built by this company and opened for business September 1, 1881. A branch road leading from our Chicago Division to the Braid- wood Coalfields, a distance of 12 miles, was built by this com- pany, but has not yet been opened for business. The Des Moines and Northwestern Railway (narrow gauge), leading from Des Moines, Iowa, to Jefferson, Iowa, a distance of 66 9 miles, was acquired by lease. We have also under process of construction, a branch line from Champaign to Sydney, a distance of 10.5 miles, con- necting our Champaign, Havana and Western Road with the main line, which will soon be completed and ready for use. The St. Louis, Jerseyville and Springfield Railroad, built under the auspices of this company, from Bates to Grafton, 111., a distance of 75 miles, is now nearly completed and will soon be opened for business. The Dts Moines and St. Louis R. R., from Albia to Des Moines, a distance of 69 miles, is being built under a lease to this company, and will probably be completed early in the coming summer. The Des Moines and Northwestern Road is being extended north of Jefferson, and will soon be opened for business to Eads station, 21 miles beyond Jefferson. This company is also building, in connec- tion with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R., the Humeston and Shenandoah Rjad, from Humeston to Shen- andoah, for the purpose of forming a connection between our Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska Road and our Council Bluff's Branch, which when completed, will reduce our distance be- tween Omaha and Chicago nearly one hundred miles, and give us a short and direct line between Omaha and all points East. In connection with the Missouri Pacific Road, this company perfected a lease of the St. Louis Bridge, taking eflTect October 1, 1881. During the year 1881, we have laid 20.450 tons of steel rails (213 miles) in the track of our main lines, and 2,000 tons of iron on branch lines. The total num- ber of miles of road in operation at the close of the year was 3.348 miles. Miles of Road Operated, December 31, 1881. Lines East of the Mississippi. Toledo, to E. St. Louis, 435.7 Decatur, " Camp Point, 129.2 Camp Point, '' Quincy, 22.8 Bluffs, " Hannibal, 49.9 Maysville, " Pittsfield, 0.2 Clayton, " Elvaston, 34..5 Edwardsville, '' Edwardsv'lCroFs' g. 10.2 Detroit, " Logansport, 213.8 Michigan City, " Indianapolis, 1(11.0 Attica, " Covington, 14. .5 W. Lebanon, '' Leroy, 7.5 7 P. & D. June, " St. Francisville, 109.3 Vinceunes, " Cairo, 1.58,0 HoUis, " Jacksonville, 75.3 Springfield, " Havani, 47.2 Sireator, " Altamont, 15G.5 Shumway, " Effingham, 8.5 Strawn, " Chicago, 99.7 Urbana, " Havana, 102.2 White Heath, '• Decatur, 29.7 Lafayette to Slate Line (C, I , St. L & C, 46), h for W., St. L.&P., 23.0 State Line, to Keokuk, 223 7 Hamilton, " Warsaw, 5.0 La Harpe, " Burlington, 19.7 2,211.J Lines West of the Mississippi St. Loui.s, to Kansas City, 276.8 " Levee, " Ferguson June, 10.4 Centralia, " Columbia, 21.8 Glasgow, " Salisbury, 1.5.9 Moberly, '' Oltuniwa, 1310 Brunswick, " C. Bluffs 224 4 Roseberry, " Clarinda, 21.5 N. Lexington, " St. Joseph. 77.1 W. Quincy, " Trenton, 135.9 Keokuk, '' Humeston, 131.0 Relay, " Albia, 24.0 Des Moines, " Jefferson, 66.9 1,136 7 Total miles, 3,348.0 INDIANAPOLIS AND ST. LOUIS R. R. Its general offices are located at Indianapolis, which point is its eastern and St. Louis its western terminus. The length of the line of this road in Madison county is 35 miles and 3.149 feet, and the entire length of the track from either terminus is 261 miles. The road-bed is of substantial build, and well ballasted, tied and ironed. In January, 1851, the " Terre Hnute and Alton Railroad Company," (now I. and St. L.) was incorporated by special act of the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 53 Illinois legislature, with power to liuikl and operate a road between Terre Haute and Alton. Subsequently, in 18o2, the" Belleville and Illiiioistowu Railroad Company" was authorized by act of the Illinois legislature to construct a road from East St. Louis, or Illiuoistown, to Belleville, also to extend the same in the direction of Alton. In February, 1854, a special act was passed, authorizing the coiisolidatiou of the two roads. The two companies did not avail them- selves of this act until October, 1856, at which time the whole line was put in operation and opened to traffic. The stations along the line of this road in Madison county are Venice, Kinder, Xamooki, Long Lake, Edwards- ville Crossing, Alton Junction, Bethalto, Moro and Dorsey stations. From Alton Junction a branch extends to Alton, originally the terminus of the road. The I. and St. L. is a link in what is known as the " Bee Line." For years its prosperity was problematical, but through the untiring l)erseverance of interested parties it is fast taking its place among the leading roads of the country. KOCK ISLAND DIVISION OF THE CHIC.VGO, BURLINGTON AND QUINCY E. R. This line operates nine miles .3.149 feet of road in this count)', including side track entering on .section six in Foster- burg township and terminating on section sixteen in Wood river township where it forms a junction with the Indian- apolis and St. Louis railroad, whose track it uses thence to St. Louis. Little did the farmers and tradesmen along the line of this road, whose money built it in 1869 and '70, sus- pect that it would ever become the property of one of the most influential and aggressive railroad corporations of the day. The beginnings of the Rockford (as it i.s familiarly called) were humble, its construction was slow and unpromis- ing. Numerous changes took place until 1876, when it passed into the hands of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy by lease, the terms of which make it practically perpetual. The length of this division, in all, is 271 miles. As at present managed, it is proving a valuable acquisition to the C. B. and Q. ST. LOUIS, VANDALIA AND TERRE HAUTE R. R. The length of line of this road including side tracks in Madison county is about 27 miles and .351 feet, and in July 1868, trains were first run between East St. Louis and Highland, and in July of the following year the road was completed from East St. Louis to Effingham, ninety-eight miles, and a through service established between East St. Louis and Chicago in connection with the Illinois Central R. R. and in July 1870, the last rails were laid between Effingham and the Indiana state line. Immediately there- after a through line of sleeping cars, was established between New York and St. Louis, and the "Vandalia route" at once became the popular route from St. Louis to the sea- board. The most important stations on the line of road in this county are ColliusviJle, Troy, St. Jacobs, Highland and Pierron. This road has contributed largely to the develop- ment of the agricultural and mineral resources of the south- ern part of the county. TOLEDO, CINCINNATI AND ST. LOUIS R. R. This is a narrow-gauge road, the first survey was made in January, 1881, and a part of the line located in May follow- ing. AVork was begun in this county in June 1881. There are about forty-five miles of this road within the limits of Madison county. The principal stations in the county will be Edwardsville, Alhambra and New Douglass. The road is being constructed by a compan}' of Eastern capitalists. It is to be a link in a great chain of narrow-gauge roads uniting the east, west, and south, and when completed will be a valuable acquisition to the railroad system of Madison county. As the railroads passing through Madison county all use the great bridge as a means of getting into the city of St. Louis, it is proper that we make a brief mention of the same. ST. LOUIS BRIDGE. Spanning the Mississippi from East St. Louis, 111., to St. Louis, Mo., is the great railway and roadway bridge. The initial step toward commencing this celebrated structure wa?, An act passed by the Missouri legislature in 1864, in- corporating the " St. Louis and Illinois Bridge Company." This act was approved February 5, 1864. An amended act was passed and approved February 20, 1865. About the same time the legislature of Illinois passed an act authorizing the incorporators under the Missouri act, under certain stipulations, to build a bridge to the Illinois shore near the dyke. An act of Congress was also passed and approved July 25, 1866, authorizing the consiruction of certain bridges, one of which was to be built at St Louis. Having thus secured the necessary legislation, the projec- tors directed special attention to the work itself. Prelimin- ary steps were taken, soundings made, plans proposed, and estimates considered. May 1st, 1867, the company was organized ; and contracts for the masonry were soon after let, and the first stone was laid on the western abutment pier, Jan. 2oth, 1868, and the pier had been built above the water-level by the spring of 1868. Captain James B Eads was chief engineer of the work. The four piers of the bridge are as follows in their height above, and depth below, low-water mark, respectively: W. abut. Pier, 22 ft. bel. low-water mark, 130 ft. ab. low-water mark. Wtst " 78 " " " " 18G " •' " Ea.^t " 92 " " " " 200 " " " East abut. " 102 " " " " 210 " " " In the construction of the masonry, 12,000 cubic yards of gray granite from Portland, INIaine, were used. 12,000 cubic yards of sandstone from the St. Genevieve quarries in Missi/uri are used in the approaches, and two thousand cubic yards of granite from the quarries at Pilot Knob, Mo., were used in the base course of the approaches. Superdrudure — The superstructure is made of chrome steel, and every possible test was made long in advance of its use, so as to prove that its tensile strength corresponded with the general requirement of the whole structure. In placing the spans in position, Mr. Flad, the chief assistant of Captain Eads, introduced a system of hog-chains reach- ing over immense wooden structures on the top of the piers. 54 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. These were let down and made fast to the growing spans, and as each part grew from the pier towards the centre in open space, chains were applied from time to time to support the great weight of the growing arch. By the method of working with hog-chains, Mr. Flad was enabled to dispense with the old cumbsrsome way of scaffolding below to sup- port the span, as it was being built out from the pier. The superstructure contains 2,200 tons of steel, and 3,400 tons of iron. The tons of metal aggregate 5,600 tons. The bridge proper consists of three spans or arches; the center being 520 feet, and the others 502 feet each. The arches or spans and abutments, make 2,046 feet, including the approaches on each side of the river; the total length of the bridge is 6,220 feet, or more than one mile. The bridge is connected with the yard of the Union depot, St. Louis, by means of a tunnel 4,866 feet in length, and double tracked through the whole distance. The cost of the bridge and tunnel, at the time of its being thrown open to the public in June, 1874, had been between $12,000,000 and §13,000,000. It was amid great parade dedicated to the traveling public, July 4th, 1874. It may be mentioned here, that on the top of the arches a road is constructed for vehicles, animals and streetcars; there are also suitable paths for pedestrians. Thus we have given a brief sketch of probably the greatest bridge in the world ; the building of which was one of the great engineering triumphs of the age. CHAPTER IV. GEOLOGY OF MADISOX COUyTT. BY HON. WILLIAM McADAMS- HE geology of this county may be illus- trated by the following section, taken principally from the exposures of the strata along the bluffs of the Mississippi river, where it forms the boundary line of the county of the west. i & Alluvial 100 feet. Loe.<=s 100 feet Glacial drift 80 feet. i s. 'S Coal measures 450 feet. 6 3 2 'S Chester Limestone 15 feet. St. Louis Limestone 200 feet. 2 Keokuk Limestone 200 feet. cc The surface deposits of clay, sind and soils, which overlie the harder rocks are known under the general name of Quaternary. This system is by far the most important geological for- mation in the State, since it determines in a large degree, the character of the soils which forms the materia! wealth of Illinois. The Quaternary iu Midison county may be divided into three distinct deposits; tha Alluvium or bjttom deposits, the Loess, and the true drift of the glacial age. The allu- vial is the most recent. The great American Bottom is largely alluvial, although there is reason to suspect that this great basin was once filled with true drift clays which have since been much modified by the overflowing floods of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. This bottom commences, a short distance below Alton near where Wood river emerges from the high- lands. Here the harder limestones of the sub-carboniferous dip beneath the surfice give place to the coal measures. The softer shales, sandstones and limestones of the coal measures being more easily exoded away, give the valley of the Mississippi here a wide expanse. In Madison county this bottom is some ten miles in width, and comprising some- thing over one hundred sections or square miles, a majority of which are among the richest lands in the United States. Originally a larger portion of this was a kind of bottom prairie on which flourished an enormous growth of wild grasses. The higher portions of this bottom, and this in- cludes the greater part, are now mostly under cultivation producing quantities of market produce, such as potatoes, cabbage, &c. Good crops of both corn and wheat are raised, but much of the land, especially near St. Louis, is too valuable to be planted in these cereals Much of the land does not overflow, while the lower portions, are being ra- pidly brought under cultivation by being drained and pro- tected by levees. The geological character of the subsoil of this region is peculiar, being in some place a sandy or gravely strata, alternating with layers of silt and a black vegetable mould, some of which has the consistency of putty, and goes by the name of sticky; at other places the deposits seem to be a yel- lowish or brownish clay resembling glacial deposits. The soil is in some places a rich dark sandy mould, while in other places it is the sticky humus, enormously rich but difficult to work. The sands and silt from the Missouri river are different from those of the Mississippi, and these deposits are some- times seen in contrast in the bottom. The thickness of these alluvial deposits are not known, but a boring at the National stock yards in East St. Louis failed to reach the bottom of the deposits at the depth of one hundred feet. LOESS. The loess usually present a finely comminuted mass of siliciuos marly clay, and is easily recognized by its buff color and general appearance. Above Wood river and the city of Alton, it forms the earthy deposits which cap the blufls. Below AVood river the bluffs bordering the bottom are almost HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 55 entirely of loess. It sometimes goes by the name of "Bluff clays," from the fact that it is only seen in the vicinity of rivers, and its presence is probably due to the silty clay deposits during the subsidence of the glacial epoch, when the great sluggish streams at the close of that era were confined to the valleys. This subsidence was doubtless of slow con- tinuance for the deposits in this county are in some places more than a hundred feet in thickness. The loess extend but a few miles from the river and the more tenacious clays of the drift take its place. The rich character of the farming lands about Edwards- ville, and all the high lands in the vicinity of the bluffs are due to the marly character of the loess which form the sub- soil. The recuperative power of such soils even when appar- ently exhausted is remarkable; a few crops of clover restores the weakened energies of these lands to their original vigor. The loess contain both land and fresh water shells and sometimes the remains of extinct animals, generally of the larger mammals. Near Alton, some years ago was found some remains of a mastodon ; we also have the tooth of an extinct bison, and an undescribed mammal from this region a few miles above Alton. DRIFT. The true drift clays which cover the rocks on the high lands are quite different from either of the divisions of the formation we have described. The drift clays were no doubt accumulated when the whole surface was under water, and the rocks being in places eroded into valleys which more subsequently filled with these drift clays. They are much deeper in some localities than others, although the sur- face level may be the same. There is usually at the base of this depo3it a blue plastic clay, with pebbles, and oftentimes are found in it sticks and even the bodies of trees, with pieces of coal and other accumulations; sometimes the blue clay is wanting, but above it is generally a reddish brown clay with boulders and fragments of rocks that do not belong even in the State. These foreign substances seem to have been brought here in icebergs, or floating masses of ice and earth, which melting, the hard material with the clay was deposited on the bottom. Often in digging wells these drifted materials are met with to the wonder of those not conversant with the manner of their disposition. Sometimes valuable minerals are found in small quantities, leading the unwary to suppose a mine is near. The thickness of the drift deposits in Madison is from 40 to 80 feet. CARIJONIFEKOUS. The next system beneath the Quaternary in IMadison county is the carboniferous or coal measures. The coal veins that crop out in this county belong to what is known as the lower coal measurt-s. This county being on the edge or rim of the great coal basin, besides having its strata elevated and cast off by an upheaval of the rocks, has the outcropping edges of the coal formation, as seen here and there at various localities, weathered and broken, so pecu- liarly situated as to render it difficult to make a correct section. We know of no shaft or boring that has penetrated I the whole series of the carboniferous in the eastern side of the county where they probably all lie in place. A thin seam of coal at Highland probably represents No. 8 or 9 of the general section of the state. There are probably five dis- tinct coal seams worked in the county. Coal seam No. 1, which is worked about North Alton, seems to have local dimensions that have created some confusion in numbering the veins in this locality. The best seam of coal on the eastern side of the county, and known as the Bellville seam, we are inclined to believe, notwithstanding previous reports, to be No. 5, the main workable seam of the state. There probably has never been a correct section made of the coal seam in this county, Most of the coal mined in the county is of good quality. The coal taken from vein No. 1 at Buckin and vicinity we consider au excellent coal and of much superior quality to that taken from No. 5 at Virden, 111., and vicinity. Excepting a strip of land along the Mississippi river, above the city of Alton, nearly the whole county is under- laid with valuable beds of coal. There are in the county some 250,000 acres of good coal lands. Considering the easy access to this great store of wealth, and its accessibility to the leading railroads of the state and St. Louis as well as the Mississippi, Madison is most enviably situated in this respect. According to the report of the mine inspector of Madison county for the past year we learn that there are 27 mines in the county, all being worked by shafts ana affording em- ployment to 1000 men and boys. The yearly product is 400,000 tons, and the capital invested 248,000 dollars. CHESTER LIME.STONE. Immediately underlying the coal in this county, in some localities, is the Chester limestone. The Chester group of the subcarboniferous is several hundred feet in thickness in Randolph county, but has thinned so rapidly towards the north as to be represented in Madison by only some twelve or fifteen feet in thickness. It is a coarse-grained sandstone of a brownish color and overlaid by a thin baud of lime- stone two to three feet in thickness. These beds form the upper layers of the bluffs above Alton and show themselves in detached fragments on the Pia.sa and other streams. The sandstone is often quite prolific of fossils, the most prominent and characteristic being retzia vera and athyrus ambigua. ST. LOUIS LIMESTONE. The most important rock in Madison county is the lime- stone, known as the St. Louis limestone, which forms a bluff something over one hundred feet in height, and extending from the city of Alton to the mouth of the Piasa creek. During the disposition of this group of rocks on the bot- tom of that ancient sea one is forcibly struck with the differ- ent conditions of the elements during this great subcarbon- iferous era, as the following section will show: Greenish shale .") fee t. Massive arenaceous limcstone.not regularly stratified 20 " Massive grey limestone 10 " 56 H] STORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Thin bedded grey limestone 15 feet. Irregularly bedded grey limestone with cherty nodules 20 " Brecciated and concretionary limestone 40 " Regular bedded gray limestone, partly magnesian... 50 " Brown earthy Maguesian limestone, turning to gray with hydraulic layers '. 40 " The upper beds thin out rapidly above Alton, and the ■whole group ascends to the top of the bluff' at the Piasa, giving place to the Keokuk group which come up from be- neath the Mississippi. At the base of the St. Louis limestone, on the Piasa creek, is a bed of anhydrous limestone, or hydraulic lime 8 or 10 feet thick. It makes a valuable cement, and ought to be among the great resources and industries of the country. The rock is a bluish gray, earthy Magnesian limestone, sometimes a delicate dove color, quite soft and very easy to quarry. Hitherto the heat in the kilns required to reduce this rock to lime preparatory to grinding into the cement flour, has been made with wood. The nearness of the coal mines and the cheapness of this fuel might be brought into requisition in the manufacture of the cement. Situated as these cement deposits are, on the banks of the Mississippi and near the coal mines, ought to give them a commercial value. The upper members of the St. Louis limestone, so finely exposed at Alton, furnish some of the finest building materials in the state. There are layers in the quarries of Alton of hard, compact limestone that would make a build- ing as durable, and of richer, finer appearance than the Magnesian limestone of Jolietor Grafton. The pure color of this freestone is very pleasing to the eye and is retained without change for a great length of time. When monotonous brick walls and perishable frame buildings give way to solid structures of architectural beauty the materials in these great quarries of Alton will be in large demand. Besides being used as a building rock the St. Louis lime- stone is the main source of the supply of lime in the west. It makes a beautiful white lime, not more noted for its color than its strength. There is, probably, no place in the west where could be found the same facilities for the manufacture of superior lime as at Alton. There is an unlimited supply both of fuel and material for lime. The means of shipping both by rail and river are excel- lent. AH that is needed is enterprise and capital to make its manufacture at Alton a great industry. The fossils of the St. Louis limestone are quite numerous about Alton, and some of them are very finely preserved. There are several species of productus, the more common of which is the P. Punctatus, and one pretty species called P. Allonensis. Spysipers and Terebratulas are common. About the bluffs can be found fine specimens of that pecu- lar coral, like a mass of columns, and known as the Liihostro- t'ton Canaden.se and just above the beds of hydraulic lime- stone the pretty pentrineites are common, and in some of the lower layers of the group above the city of Alton, numerous fish teeth are found. About the little village of Clifton, near the mouth of the Piasa, fossils are numerous. KEOKUK LIMESTONE. The lowest rock exposed in this county belongs to the group known as the Keokuk limestone. It is represented in several localities on the Piasa creek by 20 to 40 feet of a shaly calcareous lira33torie of m ecimmic valu3.* There are but few counties in the state favored with the natural resources and elements of wealth and pro.sperity for its inhabitants enjoyed by Madison county. It possesses a soil of unsurpassed fertility, an excellent supply of timber, an inexhaustible supply of coal, building- stone, limestone for lime, cement and potters' clay, with a favorable position on the Mississippi; together with railroad facilities and other natural advantages seldom found. ARTESIAN WELLS. In the economic geology of Madison county, the subject of artesian wells may interest many. The conditions necessary for a successful artesian well are very simple. 1st. There must be a stratum of porous rock or other sub- stance beneath the surface forming a conductor for water; this conductor being usually sand or sandstone. 2d. The source of the supply of water must be higher, or as high as the surface of the proposed well. Very often it happens, however, that the force of pressure or the pres- ence of gas, forces the water in an artesian well above its source. The source of the supply may be, and often is, many miles distant. It is said that the source of the water flowing from the artesian wells in Chicago is in the outcropping sandstones on Fox River nearly a hundred miles distant. The source of the supply of water in the Belcher well in St. Louis is in the outcropping sandstones in Calhoun County, 111. Nearly all the artesian wells in this State, and in fact in this part of the Mississippi Valley, get their supply of water from soft heavy bedded sandstone, known to western geologists as the St. Peter's sandstone. Through the agency of some subterranean power, evidently of a volcanic nature, the St. Peter's sandstone, the lowest rock seen in Illinois, is upheaved and brought to the surface, forming a high bluff'on the bank of the Mississippi at "Cap au Oris," (Grey — sandstone headland) in Calhoun County, Ills., and nearly forty miles northwest of Alton. This sand- stone forms part of the bed of the Mississippi at this place. The headland or Ijluff", is something over a mile in extent along the river, and near 200 feet in height. Much of this rock is so friable as to be crushed between the fingers, and such pure silica as to be in demand in the manufacture of glass. 'Cap au Gris' being the centre of the upheaval, except, on the southwest where the deposits seem not to have been thrown up, the rocks dip strongly in going from the axi.s. The upheaval of the St. Peter's of course brought up all the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 57 rocks lying above it, but this great elevation being afterward eroded away by the forces of the "glacial epoch," a general level was again attained leaving the outcropping edges of the Upper Silurian, Lower Silurian, Devonian, Subcarbonifer. ous, and coal measure rocks exposed in succession to the view of the observing traveller in any direction on the line of Cap au Grig. In all this western country there is not such another field for the study of geology. Every stream, or water course in Madison, Jersey and Calhoun counties reveal the edges of the rocky strata, each group of which can be recognized by its peculiar fossils; and each group of which can be measured, at least approximately, so that any competent geologist at any point within fifty, or even a hundred miles from Cap au Gris, can tell very nearly how far beneath the surface lies the St. Peter's sandstone, down through the heavy beds of which percolate a portion of the waters of the Mississippi. The following diagram will enable the reader more fully to comprehend the geology of this region. The diagram repre- sents a section of the rocks from Edwardsville on a straight line to Cap au Gris : The horizontal stratum on top of the section represents the drift-clays that overlie all the rocks except where washed away in the valleys formed by streams Below the drift which is 20 to 100 feet in thickness the rocks are represented showing their position and dip. No. 1, crops out at Cap au Gris, No. 10, at Edwardsville. We give iu the table below 8 Calciferoiis. 200 feet thick Lower Silurian. 200 " " Lower Silurian. 150 " " Upper Sihirian. 150 " " Devonian. 50 " " Sub. Car. 150 " " Sub. Car. 200 '■ " Sub. Car. 150 " " Sub. Car. 150 " " Car. 150 " " the names of the groups of rocks, with their thickness as seen in the section. 1. St. PetetV Sandstone, 2. Trenton Lirae-stone, 3. Cincinnati Shales, 4. Niagara Limestone, 5. Hamilton Limestone 6. Kinderhook Limestone, 7. Burlington Limestone, 8. Keokuk Limestone, 9. St. Louis Limestone 10. Coal Measures The thickness here given is mostly taken from the exposed strata along the Missi.ssippi, some places being covered on the slopes by debris are supplied by better sections of the same horizon as shown in the creeks and smaller streams. The thickness, however, we believe to be given as the maximum. Seven or eight miles north of Cap au Gris, on the Missis- sippi side of Calhoun Co , is an arte.-ian well 200 feet deep, and from which a great volume of water has been flowing for over thirty years. This well is represented on the left of the diagram near Pittsburg, in Jersey county, or some 15 miles east of Cap au Gris is another well, started in the Devonian, and which reached a great flow of water in the St. Peters, at the depth of 500 feet. This well was bored several years ago with the view of finding coal oil, and is 825 feet deep. It is a sulphur water, containing some minerals in solu. tion, not unpleasant to the taste, as may be evinced by the fact that a graduating class of 1.3 young ladies visiting the locality under our charge drank heartily from the water as it flowed over the tube. Without doubt it could be utilized for nearly all mechanical purposes. The waters of Perry Springs, in Pike county. 111., noted as a health resort, is somewhat similar, and is doubtless nothing more than a natural artesian well, in which the waters from the St. Peters escapes to the surface through some crevice. In our opinion many of the so called mineral springs have the same deep-seated source, and might be duplicated without number by simply going deep to the St. Peters sandstone with an artesian well and making an artifi- cial spring. An artesian well in Madison county is simply a matter of dollars and cents. The water bearing strata lies beneath with the great probability of its treasures being released only by the drill. At the right of the diagram is represented an artesian well from the coal measures at Edwardsville to the St. Peter's sandstone. 58 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CAHOKIA OR " MONK'S MOUND," MADISON CO., ILL. CHAPTER V ANTIQUITIES. BY HON. WILLIAM McADAMS. I ADISON COUNTY is rich in antiquities. Its central geographical position, and its peculiar geological formation, in ancient times, as well as now, made it a great centre of natural resources, and the ancient population had their great central works in this locality. The greatest mounds in the United States are here and it is really the Egypt of America with its pyramids and tumuli looming up from the rich valley of the Mississippi in magnitude and grandeur rivaling in interest those of the Nile. Within the ten miles square of alluvial bottom in this county are more than one hundred mounds of considerable dimensions. The largest of these mounds are on the bank of the Cahokia creek five or six miles from East St. Louis. This group contains seventy-two mounds, the majority of which are situated on a square mile. The largest mound is in the centre of the group and is known as the Cahokia or Monk's Mound, deriving its latter name from the fact that in the early history of the county some of the order of La Trappe settled near and for a time occupied the mound. These monks lived in strict and silent seclusion, eat no meat and lived upon the most frugal and homely diet. Several of them soon succumbed to the malarial influences of the climate and the remainder of the colony departed for wheoce they came. In this connection we prefer the name of Cahokia mound since it perpetuates the name of a tribe of Indians met by La Salle in this vicinity and who gave their name to the creek. The form of the Cahokia mound is a parallelogram, witli HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 59 straight sides, the longer of which are north and south. It is about one hundred feet in height. On the southern end, some 30 feet above the base is a terrace or apron, containing near two acres of ground. On the western side, and some thirty feet above the first terrace is a second one of somewhat less extent. The top of the mound is flat and divided into two parts, the northern end being some 4 or 5 feet higher than the southern portion. The summit contains about an acre and a half. Near the middle of the first terrace, at the base of the mound, is a projecting point, apparently the remains of a graded pathway to ascend from the plain to the terrace. The west side of the mound below the second terrace, is very irregular and forms projecting knobs, separated by deep ravines, probably the result of rainstorms, to the northwest corner of the base of the structure there feems to be a small mound attached, in exact imitation of the small mounds attached to the base of the pyramids of Egypt as well as those of Mexico. The remaining sides of the structure are quite straight and but little defaced by the hand of time. About the sides of the mound are still growing several forest trees, one of which is an elm several centuries old. As the size of the Cahokia mound has been given vari- ously we applied to Mr. B. J. Vancourt, a practical surveyor living in the vicinity, at O'Fallen, and whom we knew had made a regular survey of the mound. Mr. Vancourt sent us the following : " In my survey I did not follow the irregularities of the mound but made straight lines enclosing the base. The largest axis is from north to south and is 998 feet, the shortest from east to west is 721 feet. The height of the mound is 99 feet. The base of the structure covers 16 acres 2 roods and 3 perches of ground." Our own survey made the base somewhat less than six- teen acres in extent, it being somewhat difficult to point out the precise line where the structure begins to rise from the plain. The base of the Cahokia pyramid covers more ground than any pyramid of Egypt and with the exception of Cholula, which is, however, simply a mass of ruins, the Cahokia is the largest in the world. The great pyramid of Egypt — Cheops, is 746 feet square. The temple of Mexico was 680 feet square. The summit and lower terrace of the Cahokia mound has been plowed a few times. Brackenridge who visited the mound in 1811, says that the monks used the lower terrace for a kitchen garden and also had the summit of the struc- ture sown in wheat. The great pyramid has not been materially changed, however, and doubtless presents the same outlines to-day as at the time of the discovery of this continent by Columbus. Since some doubts have been expressed as to the artificial origin of this structure we were much interested to ascer- ta u what could be learned in this respect by examination. On the top of the pyramid is the remains of a hou.se, said to have been commenced by the monks, but afterwards added to and finished as a comfortable residence for the family of a man named Hill, an enterprising settler who owned the mound and a large body of land adjoining. Be- neath this house is a deep unwalled cellar. A section down the side of the cellar to the depth of ten feet is very plainly revealed a deposit of various kinds of earth without strati- fication. The ])rincipal part of this deposit was the black humus or mould, so common in the bottom and forming the priucipal soil, very sticky when wet and breaking into cubi- cal blocks when dry. Here and there, as if thrown pro- miscuously among the black mould is a bunch of yellow clay, or sand, or marly loess, these bunches being about such size as a man could easily carry. Similar sections can be seen up the old road made by Hill to ascend to his residence. On the second terrace is a well (shown in the engraving) dug by Hill and supposed to be 80 or 90 feet deep, pene- trating the base of the mound. The water taken out while excavating for the well still lies near and would indicate that the deposits penetrated were similar to those seen in the cellar. Old settlers living near when the well was dug, say that at the depth of about sixty feet pieces of pottery and two sea shells were found. In an old publication entitled the " Far West" published in New York, by Harper & Bros., in 1838, the author after describing the great mound which he visited, also speaks of the well and says that while it was being dug, at the depth of sixty feet remains of corn and fragments of pottery were found. On drinking of the water he says it had a peculiar taste. He further mentions that it was but seldom used on account of the general belief among the inhabitants that the well was dug through an ancient cemetery beneath the mound. About midway, on the north side, or face of the pyramid, and elevated 25 or 30 teet above the base, in a small depres- sion, stands a pine tree, singularly enough, since this tree is not found in the forrests in this locality. There was a story rife among the early settlers that this tree stood at the mouth of an opening or gallery into the interior of the mounds. To ascertain the truth of this matter, Mr. Thomas Raraey, the present owner of the mound commenced a tunnel at this tree and excavated about ninety (90) feet towards the centre of the mound. When fifteen feet from the entrance to the tunnel a piece of lead ore was discovered but no other object of interest was found. The deposits penetrated by the tun- nel are very plainly shown to be the same as seen in the cellar mentioned above. Upon approaching the Cahokia temple, which stands on a level plain, two miles from the bluff and five miles from Mississippi river, one is astonished at its magnitude and the large force of men, time and labor required in its construc- tion ; but the astonishment of the beholder is increased when upon coming near, to find that the great mound is b it one of many structures, which, if not so large, are still of immense proportions. About the great mound and lying in apparent irregular form over the plain are some seventy others, some square, some conical, others oblong. Several of the group are ou GO HISTOFiY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. the opposite side of the Cahokia creek. The situation of the mounds are shown by the map and diagrams on another page. The nearest mound on both the east and west side of the greater structure, is square, with their sides and corners, like the greater pyramid, straight and well-defined. The square on the east side is about 15 feet in height with between one and two acres on the summit. The square on the west side is very much larger and something over 20 feet in height. The largest square is southwest of the great mound, some 300 paces distant and 30 feet in height. The summit of this square platform is so large that it contains a good sized farm house with all the outbuildings, barn-yards and gar- dens necessary to a well-regulated farm. One peculiarity of these square mounds, of which there are a number in the group, are that they are all attended by a small conical mound which is, in some instances, attached to one corner. This same peculiarity, as described by trav- elers, is observed in Egypt as well as Mexico, the pyramids being attended by a small mound attached generally to one corner. Some of the oval mounds are very large, being from ten to sixty feet in height. One large oval mound stands directly on the bank of the Cohokia, (See Map) and the side of the mound toward the creek is so washed away as to give an excellent opportunity to examine the material and manner of its construction. It is composed of black loam nothing different from the great pyramid. Many of the mounds, both conical and oval, have such declivity that one can with difficulty ascend the sides. There are many other mounds in the bottom not enume- rated in the Cahokia group. There is another very inter- esting group near Mitchell station, on the C. A. & St. L. R. R., between St. Louis & Alton. Several of this group present the same square flat forms, as described on the Cahokia. One of these platforms, measuring one hundred paces, or 300 feet, on each of its four sides and 25 or 30 feet high has been largely excavated away to make room for railroad tracks. A portion of the earth near the centre still remains showing the bunches of earth thrown down promiscuously during the construction of the mound. During the excavation for the four R. R. tracks that go through this mound a great number of relics were found showing that these ancient temples were used for sepulchres as well as for other purposes. From this mound we have a con- sider able number of copper implements and ornaments, some of the latter are curiously made to represent the shell of a tortoite, even showing the sutures in the plates of the shell. Short, heavy spools of bone covered with copper so neatly done, that only from a broken one did we discover that the interior was bone. Copper awls and needles, some of the latter 18 inches in length. There were also flint implements and the teith of a bufl'alo, together with a quantity of both coarse and fine matting plaited together in a neat nianner. Who were the people who erected these great mouncls on the American Bottom ? If these works were erected by the ancestors of our present red Indians, then the Indians must have very greatly degenerated, for we are quite satisfied that the mound builder had a different government, a differ- ent religion, a different character, and most probably a different physiogaomy. Our knowledge of ladian character, formed largely by personal contact with them in the west, has led us to believe that our Indian, like the Arab of the desert is incapable of any great work requiring physical labor. Still it would seem as if the Indians had some connection with the ancient mound-builders. Possibly the Indians of the present are descended in some way from the mound- builders, because mound-building seems to have been com- mon to all savage people. Even if our Indians were known to have made mounds, which is highly probable, it would not prove they were descended from the people who built the great mounds on the Cahokia. Mounds are found everywhere ; Europe, Asia, and Africa present almost precisely such mounds as we have in Illinois. Jt is probable that our Indians have been known to make a few small mounds, at least we have such authority as Catlin on the Upper Mississippi, and Missouri, and the early ex- plorers among the southern Indians. But the custom, if ever common with them, soon became obsolete after the advent of white men. There are many small mounds on the bluffs and highlands of Madison and adjoining counties, some of which, judging from the preservation of the remains, are not very old. Traces of sepulchres are often found in the mounds and there is no doubt but that the later Indians used them as burial places. The blufl^s of Madison county are, in fact, an immense cemetery, and one can hardly dig on any prominence without encountering human bones. A majority of these places have no mound over them, but have been the common burial places of the tribes who from time to time, succes- sively inhabited the locality. Mounds were probably only erected over the remains of persons of note. Neither are all mounds burial places. In Madison county on the Piasa and other streams, are many mounds that seem to be the remains of dwelling places, of which the prominent material seems to have been clay, probably the roof as well as the sides. In these mounds only what seems to be the kitchen refuse is found. Other mounds, like some of those in the American Bottom were erected for religious purposes, public ceremonies and meetings. Some of these mnunds are doubtless very old, others are comparatively recent, while both have intrusive burials, and much error has been promulgated by casual examina- tion and hasty conclusion. A leading theorist on this subject in Illinois exhibits a well preserved brass button, with the well known letters U. S. upon it, said to have been found in a nionnd. And learned archajologists from the Smithsonian base their theories on some glass heads said to have been found in a mound in the west. In the vicinity of the Piasa creek, which empties into the Mississippi a few miles above Alton, a great variety of mounds can still be seen, some of earth covered with stone. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 61 others of stone and earth together, while others are wholly of earth. On the face of the bluff in this vicinity can also be seen a number of figures of animals and other objects painted with a red pigment. These figures are supposed to have some hieroglyphic meaning. At Alton was another large figure representing a kind of dragon and known as the Piasa. This monster is represented as having wings and there is a legend said to have been held by the Indians of this vicinity that this flying dragon once actually existed, and was addicted to carrying off members of the tribe to his eyrie among the rocks and devouring the body at its leisure. Some celebrated chief dedicating iiiiu.sclf to the work finally killed the monster and the picture ^va^; p tinted on the rock in commemoration of the occasion. The legend was written by Mr. .John Russel, at one time a Baptist minister, and editor of a local paper called the " Backwoodsman." The story of the Piasa Bird, although largely imaginative, had an extensive circulation. The painting on the rock, was also described by Marquette, years ago, however ; the rocks forming the face of the bluff on which the object was portrayed were quarried ofl' for the purpose of making lime. Although the mounds of the American Bottom seem to belong to the same age as the great earthworks of Ohio, and were probably made by the same people, there are, however, no enclosures or embankments. The nearest enclosure by earthen walls that we have been able to discover is at the mouth of the Illinois river. There is herean earthen embank- ment, circular in form, and nearly a mile in extent. A gate- way protected by mounds opens on the high bank of a slough some distance from the Mississippi, but without a doubt its shore in ancient times. In the centre of the enclosure stands a flat circular mound ; it is hardly a work of defense ; for the bluff towers above it a short distance away, and within easy bowshot. After many days' exploration and study of the Cahokia mounds we are inclined to believe the evidence would tend to prove that this group of the greatest mounds in the Union, and possibly on the continent, had their origin for religious purposes, and this was the Mecca, or grand sacred shrine of the mound builder's empire. From the flat summit of the temple, one hundred feet above the plain were their adori- tories, probably two buildings like that of Mexico, glittering with barbaric splendor, and from whence couhl be seen from afar the smoke and flames of the eternal fire, their emblem of the sun. At the city of Mexico the Spaniards found the Aztecs holding their religious ceremonies on almost precisely such a structure, 120 feet in height, with five terraces. On the flat summit of this pyramidal structure, which, like Cahokia, was divided into two parts, were two adoritories or shrines, in one of which the sacred fire burned. This great Mexican temple mound was not more than half the size of the Cahokia temple, being only 300 feet square at the base. The square mounds about the base of Cahokia, some of which are larger than the base of the Mexican terajjle, were doubtless used for sacred purposes, and the adjoining mounds may have been the residences of the priests; just such mounds surrounded the Aztec temple "Surrounding the great Pyramid," says Clavigero, speaking of the Aztec or Mexican temple, were forty similar structures of smaller size, consecrated to separate divinities ; one was called the House of Mirrors, and was covered with brilliant materials, and was sacred to the god of light, the soul of the world, the spiritual sun ; another to the god of water ; another to the god of air ; and Gomera says, that because the winds go round the heavens they made this temple circular. Besides these were the dwellings of the priests amounting to 5000 according to Zarata, and of the attendants in the temples, and places for the iuftruction of the youth, and if some accounts are to be credited, places for the reception of strangers who came to visit the temple and see the glory of the Court of Montezuma. There were ponds and fountains, groves and gardens, in which flowers and sweet smelling herbs were cultivated for use in certain sacred rites, and for the decoration of the temple. There is a general concurrence in the accounts of the great temple of Mexico given by the early writers, among whom were Cortez, Bernal, Diaz, and others who witnessed what they described. These accounts give us, not only some idea of the predominance of religious superstitions in ]\Iexico, but also a good clue to the customs of our own mound builders, and the origin and uses of the great structures on the Caho- kia creek. While the Cahokia temple mound is much the same shape as the Mexican temple, it is twice as large, and the surround- ing temples and mounds much larger and greater in number, leading us to believe that on the banks of Cahokia was the largest congregation of religious structures, not only on this continent, but of the world. What a city ! What a population there must have been at that time on this alluvial plain. This view is al.so strongly evidenced by the fact that this rich plain, which is some 75 miles long, and 5 to 10 miles wide, is a veritable cemetery of the past, and full of evidences of long human occupation. Relics of the stone age protraide from the bank of every creek and ravine. In the rich fields opposite St. Louis and for miles up the Cahokia creek, we have many times seen the market gardener literally plow throjgh human bones. The little labor with which enormous crops are grown here would excite the envy of the plodding planter on the banks of the Nile. Some eminently travelled writer, after admitting that Nature stands revealed on a grand scale in America, com- plains that this new world is wanting in antiquities so full of interest in the old world. This writer ought to come to Ca- hokia, and standing on our Cheops, look down on the monu- ments of pre-historic America. When he asked who built them, the echoes of his inquiring voice would go reverberat- ing among the temples below', but no answer would return. Of course many relics of the past are collected in the vicinity of these mounds, and from the mounds themselves. We have many thousand of these, of stone, copper, bone and shell, as well as various kinds of pottery. We are con- stantly surpriseci in looking over our collection to see the great similarity of our relics of the stone age, with those of 62 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. other countries. " Evans' Stone Age of Great Britain" might represent ours fairly by a simple change of title and still be an incomparable work. There is hardly an antiquity in any country but what we have represented here, and the remarkable similarity of some of the more peculiar is very puzzling, especially since we have been in the habit of attributing this similarity of thought to the instinctive impulses of savage and barbarian untutored minds. We are so puzzled sometimes as to doubt our position. This is illustrated in the fact that after having taken from the mounds a number of large sea shells, found in such a position and under such circumstances as to leave no doubt as to their being held sacred by the moand builders^ and used in their religious ceremonies, to find that they were, in a great majority, the same reversed shell, with the mouth or opening on the left-hand side, and held as sacred by the Buddhists of India. We are told that the statues of Buddha are often seen, in which each toe of his foot is represented by a sinistral or reversed conch shell. From time immemorial these shells turning the wrong way have been reversed in Asia, and wherever the Buddhist religion is known, they have numbers of Pyrrula, Cassis, Conchs and other shells taken from the altars of the mounds, and exhibiting the same re- versed whorls. It is a strange fact that the great mouiids of Cahokia should, like those of Egypt and Mexico, stand straight with the main points of the compass. It is a singular fact thit the mound-builder should have the same religious ceremonies. At the foot of the Cahokia temple we were so fortunate as to discover a sort of tomb or burial place and in size less than two rods square, amid the crumbling dust of near a score of human skeletons, we found about a hundred vessels of pottery in an almost perfect condition. It is surprising to observe how these vases and long-necked water bottles resembled in appearance and shape the ancient vessels of the Nile, but what is more strange is that several of these vessels have painted on them in bright red pigment some of the same symbols as used by the sun-worshipers in Egypt and very similar to symbols on similar vessels taken by Schliemann from buried Mycente and Troy. (See illustrations). The limits of this paper permit us only to mention the very interesting fact that in connection with the mounds many symbols are found remarkably resembling those of the institution of Masonry. Squares, triangles, circles and circles touching parallel lines are not uncommon in the shape of the mounds and earthworks, plummets, crosses of various kinds, painted and carved on earthen vessels, and we have curious boat-shaped stone implements that we are inclined to believe were used as levels. A series of illustra- tions would be necessary to explain these to the public Some of the ceremonies of the mound builders also appear strongly similar to those used in Masonry. It may be that Masonry is descended from the original and primitive religion of mankind. From what centre the civilization of man came we know not. DESCRIPTION OP PLATE NO. 1. 1. Long-necked water vessel, of which numerous ex- amples are found in the American Bottom. 2. Earthen vessel representing the beaver. 3. This vessel as well as the preceding ones are burned hard and painted red. All one-fourth original size. 4. 5. Earthen dishes. These fine vessels are represented cne-eighth natural size. 6. Sea shell, Busycon perversum, an uncut specimen one-fourth nat. size. 7. 10. Fine water vessels representing the human form one- quarter natural size. 8. Neat vessel with two human faces, one on the rim one-eighth natural size. 9. Vessel representing bear one-quarter natural size. 11. Recumbent human figure with the neck of the vessel arising from middle of body, one-fifth natural size. 12. Like No. 11, a unique water vessel, one-fifth natural size. 13, 14, 15. Fine earthen vessels one-half natural size, on which are carefully painted certain figures that probably re- fer to their religion. Although we have found many painted vessels and somewhat similar figures in Mad son county, we have thought best to copy a few illustrations from the repors of the St. Louis Academy of Science. The originals of the figures from 11 to 15 inclusive, were found on the Missouri side of the Mississipi below St. Louis, and are now in the collections of the Academy of Major Hilder of St. Louis. The remainder of the objects figured on Plate 1 as wella^ Plate 2 are in my own collection, and were obtained from Madison county. DESCKIPTION OF PLATE NO. 2. 1, 2, 3, 4. Finely made vessels of burned clay, probably representing ducks The illustrations explain themselves better than a description. 5. Water vessels that with the preceding and near a hundred others were found in an ancient burial place at the foot of the great Cahokia mound. 6. Copper from the mounds. The figure on the right is a opper axe, thj next a crescent head ornament, beneath which is a copper bracelet and ornamental tube. To the left of the copper crescent is a spear point, a plummet and a smaller axe, all of beaten native copper. 7. On the left is a polished flint axe, a rare and beautiful implement, as also is the diorite axe on the right. They are perfectly smooth, the marks in chipping and manu- facture being ground away, then polished. This is not the common form of the stone weapon so commonly seen, but exactly represents the form of European ground flint-axes, and is rarely found in this country. Both of these are from mounds in Jersey county. We have two similar ones from Madison, but they are broken. 8. Two skulls found with the pottery at the foot of the great Cahokia mound. The one on the right is a common form of the crania with the pottery. The one on the left is not uncommon and may be the result of artificial flatten- ing, although the appearance of the rounded frontal bone would indicate otherwise. They are both nearly entire. 9. 10, 11, 12. Finely finished pipes of red catlinite and found in the mounds ; the bird pipe on the left is in the collection of Shurtlift" college, and was found on the Gill- bam farm below Wood river. No. 12 is remarkable as HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 63 showing a sort of beard on the side of the face. It is of stone and found with the pottery. 14, 15, 16. Stone images. Probably used in religious or other important cfrf monies. In each there are two funnel- shaped cavities in the back and posterior portions that have led some to believe they might have been used as pipes on great occasions. No. 16 is a splendid specimen of stone carving and was found in a small mound on the Piasa creek, near the north-line corner of Madison county. It stands about (8) eight inches high and is cut from a single block of hard, red catlinite, or Minnesota pipe stone. The original is now the property of Blackburn University. No. 14 is also of red catlinite, of fine workmanship, and exhibits a hideous human form with a fish protruding from the wide open mouth, with another fish held in the hands between the knees. We also took this from a small mound on the banks of the Mississippi, near the mouth of the Illinois. No. 16 is also of re 1 catlinite, and was found by some laborers making a new highway or public road, not far from the great Cahokia mound. It was broken into several pieces by the plow, and the head is wanting. We obtained the original from the Mis.souri Historical Society, and made the restoration as given in the cut The original was made from a single block of stone, very neatly carved and highly polished. The builders of the Cahokia mounds, from the relic- left behind, seem to have been of a peaceful character rather than warriors. Some of the finest implements of stone from this vicinity are implements of agriculture. Hoes not very unlike in shape to those of iron in present use, were made of flint, and with such skill as to be very serviceable tools. Spades and digging tools of flint also, and we have several fine iniplements that are worn in such manner and of such peculiar shape as to indicate that they were fastened to a stock and pulled through the soil after the manner of a plow. Soma of these implements of agri- culture, doubtless used in the cultivation of corn, are among the most valued of the relics of the stone age. We have no evidence that this people ha£^--^' ill 's rather to give a catalogue of the var- ~ ious plants indigenous to this region. The state of Illinois is divided east and west into three quite distinct botanical belts, viz.: The heavily-timbered regions of the south, whose flora is distinguished by its great variety and luxuriant growth, the central portion, embracing the great prai- ries of the state with their multifarious forms of vegetation, and the northern part which is divided between woodland and prairie. Madison county has most of the botanical characteristics common to the timbered and prairie regions of the state. The plants of a country are a sure index of the character of the soil, and for this reason the following list will be of special interest to the agriculturist. To add a detailed botanical description of each plant, or of all the species, genera, or even familes, represented here, would fill a large part of this volume, to the exclusion of other more appropriate matter. By way of preface, it may be stated that vegetation is a sure index of the character of the soil in which it is growing. No class of persons realizes this fact so fully as does the practical, observant farmer. If he wishes to buy uncultivated land, the kinds of trees, shrubs, or grass growing in the locality decide for him the approximate depth and fertility of the soil, and the consequent value of the land for agricultural purposes. According to its flora Illinois has been divided by botanists into three parts ; the heavily timbered regions of the south. whose dense vegetation is remarkable for its variety; the central portion, which, except in the vicinity of the water- courses, is mostly prairie, and noted for the great number and variety of its grasses, and other indigenous plants; and the northern section, which is about equally divided between woodland tnd prairie. This county lies within the great prairie belt, a region famous for the fertility and depth of its soil, and the luxuriance of its flora. Plants, like animals are greatly influenced in their growth and development by surrounding circumstances. As man and the domestic animals have driven many species of the native animals from this region, so numerous kinds of indigenous plants have disappeared before the onward march of civilization. Hence, we find to-day in the fields and meadows few of the grasses and other plants that flourished in their native beauty here fifty years ago. Thus, under the great laws of evolution and succession, all animated nature, from age to age, moves gradually, but grandly forward toward the eternal destiny which the Almighty, in the beginning, ordained for all His creatures. For this region the following is a complete LIST OF NATIVE WOODY PLAKTS. Acer Sarcharimim, Eock Sugar Maple. A. Nigrum, Black Maple. A. Dasycarpum, Soft Maple, Sil- ver Leaf Maple. A. Negumlo, Box Elder, Ash Leaf Maple. JSsculus Glabra, Stinking Buck- eye. A. Strrulata, Smooth Leaf Alder; Amelanchier Canadensis, True Service-Berry. Amorpha Frulicosa, False Indigo Shrub. A. Canescens, Lead Plant. AmpelopsisQuinquefolia.Virginia Creeper. Asiniina Trioba, Papaw. Betiila Nigra, River or Red Birch. Carpiuus Americana, Blue Beach. Hornbeam. Ceanothus Americanus, Red Root. C. Ovalis, Great Red Root. Cercis Canadensis, Judas Tree, Red Bud. Celastrus Scandens, Bitter Sweet Wax Work. Celtis Oceidentalis, Hackberry. Cephalanthus Oceidentalis, Button Bush. Prunus VirginLina, Choke Cherry. P. Serotina, Black Cherry, Cabi- net Cherry. Cornus Alternifolia, False Dog- wood. C. Sericea, Kinnikinic C. Circinata, Pigeon Berry. C. Stolonifera '* Red Osier. C. Paniculata " C. Sanguinea, " Corylus Americana, Hazelnut. I Crataegus Coccinea, Hawthorn. C. Tomentosa, " C. Crus-galli Carya Alba, Shagbark Hickory C. Sulcata, Thick Shellbark Hickory. C. Tomentosa, White Heart Hick- ory. C. Glabra, Pig-nut Hickory. Dirca Palustris, Lcatherwood. Euonymus Americanus, Straw- berry Tree. Fraxinus Americana, White Ash. F. Viridis, Green Ash. F. Sambucifolia, Black Ash. F. Quadrangulaia. Blue Ash. Gleditschia Triacanthos, Three- Thorned Acacia, Honey Locust. Gymnocladus Canadensis, Ken- tucky Coflee Tree. Hamamelis Virginica, Witch Hazel. JuglansCinerea, Butter Nut. J. Nigra, Walnut. Juniperus Virginiana, Red Cedar. Lonicera Grata, Woodbine. Menispermum Canadense, Moon- seed. MoruB Rubra, Red Mulberry. Ostrya Virginica, Hop Hornbeam, Iron- Wood. P. Angulata, CoKon Tree. Platanus Oceidentalis, Buttonwood Sycamore. Populus Tremuloides, Quaking Asp, Aspen. P. Monilifera, Necklace Poplar, Cottonwood. Prunus Americana, Wild Plum. Pyrus Coronariii, Crab Apple. EISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 05 Quercus Macrocarpa, Burr Oak. iShepherdia Canadensis, Buffalo Q. Oblusiloba, Post Oak. ! Berry. Q. Alba, White Oak. Srailax Hispida, Greenbrier B. Prinus, Swamp Chestnut flak. Spir.-ea Opulifolia, Vinebark Q. Bicolor, Swamp White Oak. Spira?a. Q. Imbricaria, Laurel Leaf Oak. iSpira; Tomentosa, Hardback, Wil- Q. Nigra Black Jack Oak. low Spirse. Q. Tinctoria, Yellow Bark Oak, Stapliylea Trifolia, Rattle-box, W\>o(I- Bladder Xut. Symphoricarpus Vulgaris, Coral Berry. Trumpet- Quercitron Oak. Q. Coccinea, Scarlet Oak. Q. Rubra, Red Oak. Q. Palustris, Swamp Spanish Oak, Teconia Radicans Pin Oak. j Creeper. Rhus Glabra, Sumach. |Tilia Americana, Bass-wood. R. Toxicodendron, Climbing Poi-'Ulmus Pulva, Red Elm. son Ivy. U. Americana, White Elm. Ribes Cynosbati, Prickly Gosse. U. Racemasa, Cork Elm, Hickory berry. 1 Elm. R. Hirtellum Smooth Gooseberry. A'iburnum Prunifolium, Black R. Rotnndiluliuni, '' R. Lacusire, Swamp, '' R. Floridium, Black Current. Ro8 Lucida, Prairie Rose. R. Blanda, Wood Rose. Salix Tristis, Ro.se Willow. S. Humilis, Cone Willow. Haw, Arrow Wood. V. Lentago, Sheepberry. Vilis Aestivalis, Summer Grape. V. Cordifolio, Frost grape. Zanthoxylum Ameriranum, [Prickly Ash. Lenders Benzoin, Spice Bush. S Eriocephala, Silky-head Willow. KubusStrigosus, Red Raspberry, S Nigra, Black Willow. i " Occidentalsis, Black Rasp- S. Fragilis, Joint Willow, Brittlei berry. Willow. jRubus Vilosus, Blackberry. Sambiicus Canaden.sis, Elderberry.! Robenia Pseudocacia, Black Lo- S. Pubens, Red Fruit Elderberry. ] cust. Sas.safras Oflicinale, Sa.ssafras. Of the forest trees the most valuable deserve special men- tion. Rock Sugar Maple is excellent ; the Black Cherry is used by cabinet makers and is a wood of good color and grain. Vhe Shag-bark hickory is perliaps the most valuable of its kind. The White Oak is much used in making furniture and agricultural implements. The Blue Ash is capital for flooring. The Honey Locust is a very durable wood and shrinks less than any other in sea oning. The Walnut is nearly all gone. The Plane tree or Sycamore is used by cabinet makers. Of the Oak family the most valuable kinds are the Burr Oak, Panel Oak, and Pin Oak. GR.ASSES. In the following list of grasses, the common grain plants, not being indigenous to the county, are omitted. Some of the grasses given are not native, but are among those best adapted for animals. Hence we include them : Phleum Pratense, Timothy. Fe.«tuca Elation, Meadow Fe.scue. Agrostis Vulgaris, Red top. Bemus Secalinus, Common Cheat. Muhlenbergia Diffusa, Nimble Phragmites Communis, Common Will. i Reed. Calamagrostis Candensis, Blue-IArundiuaria Macrosperma, Large joim a native grass of the prairies, Cane. where it grew from ten to fifteen Lolium Perenne, Darnel Rye feet in height. Grass. Dactylis Glomerata, Orchard grass. Anthoxanthum Oderatum,^ Sweet- Poa Pratensis, Kentucky Blue- " scented- Vernal-grass. gra, which still ex- ists by its superior cunning. The panthers(Felis concolor) was occasionally met in the earlier times: and still later and more omraon, the Wild Cat (Lynx rufus); the Mink (Pu- torius Vison) ; American Otter, (Lutra Canadensis) ; the Badger (Taxidea Americana) ; the Raccoon (Procyon Lo- tor). The coonskin among the early settlers was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are now extinct in the county, and were valuable fur their furs. Many of the pleasures, dangers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed by most of us of the present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the west- ward, never more to return. To the weasel family (MuMeUdie) belong the well-known animals, minks, skunks, otters, common weasels, &c., most of which have long, slender bodies, five- toed feet, and glands which secrete a liquid of very disagreeable oder. Otters 66 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS and minks are hunted for their furs, which are very valu- able. The former are ampliibious, and are at present rarely seen The costly fur called ermine is obtained from a weasel which inhabits the northern parts of Europe and Asia. Wea^els are brown in summer and white in winter, the tip of the tail being black. The color of minks is dark- brown, or black, throughout the year. The otter (Lnlra Canadensis), is black, and is noted for its size and strength. Its toes are webbed ; head large and flat ; ears short ; tail slighly flattened, and nails crooked. It is aquatic and sub- sists on fish. Minks and weasels prey on birds, poultry and small animals of various kinds. The skunk (Mephitis Americana) has a pointed nose, bushy tail, and is nocturnal. It feeds upon beetles and other small animals. It is also fond of eggs. It was very common a few years ago, but like most of the wild animals, is gradually disapptaring Of the opossum family {Diddphidiv), the only species here is the common opossum, {Didelphys Virginiana). Opos- sums are small animals, about twenty inches long to the tail, which is from twelve to fifteen inches in length, nearly bare, and prehensile. Its hair is whitish with dark-brown tips. When captured and wounded, it feigns itself dead. It is a marsupial, or pouched animal, and carries its young, which at birth,tweigh only a few grains, in a ventral pouch situated near its hind legs. On emerging from this pouch, which occurs four or five weeks from birth, the young twine their tails around that of their mother, and thus supported ride on her back. Tlie oposum lives on birds, eggs, insects and other small animals. This animal, like the raccoon, is found in all parts of the United States and throughout most of North America. EODENTIA, OR GNAWERS. The animals of this order are easily distinguished by their teeth. In the front part of each jaw, they have two chisel shaped incisors, between which and the molars is a considerable space, without teeth, these animals having no canines. The largest representatives of the rodents ever known in this country, the American beaver. Castor Cana- densis, is still met with in this county in the timbered nooks of Wood River. The rats and mice {Muridce) constitute the most numerous family of the rodents. They number, in all, about three hundred species in the world. Their appearance and habit are too well known to re- quire description here. The black rat {Mus raiius) was formerly very common, but of late years it has been almost extirpated by the brown or Norway rat [Mas decumanus) which is much larger and stronger. Of the mice we note, as found here, the common house- mouse {Mus ynvscidus), the field-mouse, the meadow-mouse, the jumping-mouse (Jaculus hudsoniiis, of the f&mily Jacu- Hdaw) which has a body about three inches long and a tail six inches — and the tree-mouse. The musk-rat ( Owlatra zibetkicus), allied to the beaver, has but one species. This animal is about the size of a cat, and has a strong, musky smell. It is amphibious, building itis mud houses in ponds and shallow lakes. It is a native of North America, and is still quite common. Its fur, like that of the beaver, is valuable. The fur of the latter is used for making the finest hats. The sqirrel family (SciuridaMs represented here by the red (fox) squirrel (Sciiirus hudsoni//s), the gray squirrel {Sciurus Carolinensis), the flying squirrel (Pteromijs volueella) the ground squirrel {Toinias striaatus), the gopher {Sperma- ^/t»7((«), the prairie squirrel and the woodchuck or ground- hog {Arciomys monax) all of which are so common that they need not be described. Of the hare family (Leporidic) the common gray rabbit {Lepsus euniculus),\s the only representative now inhabiting this region. It is very prolific, and is destined to propagate its species long after some of the animals mentioned shall have become extinct Bats and moles — the former belonging to the order of animals (Chiroptera), the latter to the order {Insectivora) — are still very numerous. Both are carnivorous {insectiv- orous), and during hibernation are semi-torpid. REPTILIA OR REPTILE.S. Under this class we find represented here the order Testu- dinata, or turtles, and including such individuals as the box twTt\e {Cistudo virginea), snapping-turtle {Chehjara serpen- tina) wood tortoise {Gh/ptenys insculpta), and soft-shelled turtles including mud turtles. Of the order Lacertia (liz- ards,) the common striped lizard (Ameiva sexlineata) is the only representative we have found here. Under the order {Ophidia) or serpents, we note the common black snake (Bafcanion constrictor), water snake (Serpens aquaticus), rat- tlesnake (cr'dalus horridus\ moccasin( Toxicophis atrapiscus), copperhead {Trigonnncephdu^ coniortrix), garter-snake (Eu- ania sirtalis) house snake, joint snake, blue racer, and green snake. Of these the rattlesnake, copperhead, and moccasin are very poisonous, and therefore most to be dreaded. The blowing, or hissing adder, a venomous serpent, is rarely seen here. The class Batrachi'i, or frogs, has as representatives, the leopard frog (Rana halecin), bull frog (Bmui pipicns), wood frog, trf e rog ('' tree toad ") Bana Ay/al, marsh frog (Bana pa/iisfris), common toad (Bafo vulgaris,) tadpole, salamander {Amblystomapunctatun), triton, or water newt (Diemictylus viridescens, and mud puppy (Menobranchus lateralis). The class of Pi'^ces, or fishes, is represented in the streams of the county, by the white, the black and the striped bass, catfish, pike, sturgeon, (rare), gar, gogle-eyed perch, sunfish, chub, white perch ("croppie "?), white and black suckers, bufl^alo, and a few others of minor importance. CLASS OF AVES OR BIRDS. In the following list of birds indigneous to the county, the old system of groups, or orders, is used rather than the new classification of birds adopted provisionally by the Smithsonian Institute at Washington. The former, as it contains fewer and less difficult technical terms, will, it is believed, be more readily understood by the general reader. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. C7 The chief characteristics of all the birds belonging to each order are given first, aa;l appeii led thereto are the names of such birds of the order as arc indigenous to this region. RAPTORES, OR BIRDS OF PREY. These are generally of large size and stout form ; bills hooked and very strong ; claws sharp and curved ; wings extensive and muscles powerful ; females larger than males ; live in pairs and choose their mates for life(?). Under this order and belonging to the hawk family {Falconidcv, are the sparrow-hawk {Tiniiuneulus alandarius) ; swallow-tailed hawk {Nauderiis farcatm) ; hen-harrier blackbird {Merulu mmicci), king bird, or bee martin (Tyraunus Caroliue7isi,s) Raven {Corvus corax), common crow {Curvus Americanus), Summer red bird {Pyrangra (estiva), scarlet tanager, Balti- more oriole (.Icterus Baltimore), pewee, or Phoebe bird, (Saijorius ficscus), kingfisher (Ceryle afci/o»), ruby throated humming-bird (Trochilits colabris), yellow-billed cuckoo {Cuciiliis eanorus), ruby-crowned kinglet, golden-crowned kinglet, whippoorvvill (Aiitrostomus vociferuii), grass sparrow, or black throated bunting, lark sparrow, or finch, snow bird (Jtinco hyemalii), chipping sparrow {Spizella socialk), night hawk i^Cliordeiles popelue). SCANSORES, OR CLIMBING BIRDS. Birds of this order have their toes in pairs, two in front and two behind. Under this order and indigenous to this county are the swift, or chimney-swallow ( OypMlus pelaKgiua), red-headed woodpecker {Melaiierpes eryfhrocephalus) , golden- winged woodpecker {Colaptes auratiis,) Carolina paroquet; ( Conurus CaroUnensis), sap sucker (^Picus pubescciis); ( Cir- cus cyaiieus) ; goshawk {Falco palainb:trius) ; sharp- skinned hawk {Bateo horcalis) ; red-shouldered hawk, pigeon-hawk {Falco Columbarum); ring-tailed, or golden eagle {Aquila chryfctos). To the owl family (^Strigidw) belong the great horned owl {Bubo Virffinianiis); snowy owl (Sirix nisa); barred owl {Syrnium nebaloseum, or "hoot-owl"); American barn or screech-owl {Strix Jlamnue) ; spotted owl, marsh owl, Kenni- cott's (?) owl. Of the vulture family Vulturidoe, the only representative is the turkey-buzzard (^Cathartes aura). RASORES, OR SCRATCHING BIRDS. Birds of this order are characterized by their stout bodies, strong legs and feet, and their general adaptation to living on the ground. It includes the wild turkey (Melengris gallo- pavo,) prairie-hen {Tetrao cupido,) ruffled grouse, or "part- ridge " {Bonasa umbellas,) q\ia,i] {Orlyx Virginianus,) turtle- dove {Tartar aurilus,) wild or passenger pigeon {Ectopistes migratoria. GRALLATRES OR WADING BIRDS. These have long necks, long bills, very long and slender legs, and slender bodies. Their general form is well adapted to wading. This order includes the plover { Charadrias,) common snipe (Scolopax galliiiago,) American woodcock (Plillohelo minor,) Wilscm's snipe {GaUinago Wilsonii,) mud- hen (Fulicn Americnna,) Kill-dee (Aegialits voci/erus,) red- breasted-snipe ( Gambeita melanoleuea,) tell-tale snipe ( Gam- hetia flavipes,') water-rail {Rallus Aquaticus) sand hill crane (Griis Gniadentis,) blue crane (Grm Amerieamis,) yellow- legged and upland plover, white crane (Grus Albm,) and heron (Ardea ciiierea.) NATATORES, OR SW'IMMING BIRDS. These are broad and flat; feathers compact and well oiled; legs wide apart; femur short; and feet webbed. Under this order are found the common wild goose (.4n«YT Americanus,) summer or wood duck (Aix sponsa,) Canada goose {Bermicala Canadensis,) American Swan (Cygmis Americanus,) brand-goose, or (" brant " {Anser Bernicla,') butter ball (Bucephala albeola,) mallard {Anas bosehas,) blue-winged teal {Bosehas c'recca,) American widgeon {Ma- reca Americma,) red-head duck (Apthaya Americana,) canvass-back duck (?) {Aythaya vaWsnerio,) green-winged teal {Nettion Carolidensis,) pintail duck {Dajila acuta,) trumpeter swan {Cygnus buccinator.) INSESSORS OR PERCHING BIRDS. The i)erchers differ greatly among themselves ; all have three front toes and a single hind one ; feet well adapted to perching. To this order belong the majority of birds, of which we note, as belonging here, the wood thrush {Tardus mmtelinus,) mocking bird {Mimus polyglottus,) blue-bird {Sialis Wilsonii,) cat bird {Mimus CaroUnensis,') robin {Tardus migratoriiis,) brown thrush, or "thrasher" {Tur- dus rufus,) titmouse, or chickadee {Parus atricappillus,) brown creeper {Cei-thia familiaris,) nuthatch (Slurnns predatoriiis,) cow blackbird "cowbird." CHAPTER Vir. PIONEER SETTLEMENIS. HE first time that the eye of civilized man ever rested on the soil of the present county of Madison was in the year 1673, Marquette and Joliet, on their voyage of exploration, reached the waters of the Mississippi on the seventeenth of June, and a few days afterward their canoes were gliding past the shores of the disr trict of country embracing what is now Madison county. The sensations of these explorers are given by Marquette in this language : " As we coasted along rocks frightful for their height and length, we saw two monsters painted on one of the rocks, which startled us at first, and upon which the boldest In- GS HISTORY OF ^ADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. dian dare not gaze long. They are as large as a calf, with horus ou the head like a deer, a frightful look, red eyes, bearded like a tiger, the face somewhat like a man's, the body covered with scales, and the tail so long that it twice makes the turn of the body, passes over the head and down between the legs, ending at last in a fish's tail. Green, red, and a kind of black are the colors employed. On the whole these two monsters are so well painted that we could not believe any Indian to have been the designer, as good paint- ers in France would find it hard to do so well ; besides this they are painted so high upon the rock that it is hard to get conveniently near to paint them. As we were discour- sing of them, sailing gently down a beautiful still clear water, we heard the noise of a rapid, into which we were about to fall. I have seen nothing more frightful ; a mass of large trees, entire with branches, real floating islands, came rush- ing from the mouth of the river Pekitanoui (the Missouri,) so impetuously that we could not, without great danger, ex- pose ourselves to pass across. The agitation was so great that the water was all muddy, and could not get clear. " Such were the circumstances uoder which white men first saw this part of Illinois. The rocks, to which ^Marquette re- fers, were the precipitous blutfs which extend along the river northward from Alton. On the face of the bluff, just above the present city, were depicted the figure mentioned by Mar- quette, and with wiiich we connected the famous legend of the Piasa Bird.* These paintings must have been renewed by the Indians from time to time, for they seemed fresh on the settlement of the country in the present century. It is still within the memory of living men when every Indian, as he passed down the river in his canoe, discharged his arrow, or his rifle, at the representation of these monsters. The French, who made such early settlements in the more southern counties of Randolph, St. Clair,and IMonroe, do not seem to have secured any permanent hold within the limits of Madison county. West of the Mississippi they pushed north to St. Louis (1764), to St. Charles (1769), and to Portage des Sioux (1799), but on the eastern side of the river they founded no new villages, probably from the fact that by the treaty of Fountalnbleau, 1762, Illinois had pass- ed under English control. There is evidence that a French- man named Jean Baptiste Cardinal, had made a settlement, as early as the year 178"), at Piam, supposed to be the site of the present city of Alton. He there built a house and re- siiled with his family, but was taken prisoner by the Indians, when his family were obliged to flee for refuge to the village of Cahokia. Reynolds mentions that, in the year 1800, there were a few French families residing on Big (or Chouteau) island in the Mississippi, while the report of the commission- ers to examine the claims for land within the district of Ka-kaskia, shows that several early improvements had been made by the French in the southern and western part of the county, i Ou Chouteau island settlements were made by the ■f Tills lospiiil will be found in the subscciuent chapter on the History of the City of Alton. t Michael Jones and E. Backus, commissioners appointed by Con- gress, repurte I on the 31st of December, 1809, that twelve ilalms lor land, within the limits of the present county of Madison, French about 1750. An orchard was planted here, the trees of which had attained such size in 1820 that they must have been planted fifty, or sixty, years previous. In this orchard was a pear tree whose trunk in the year mentioned had grown to be a foot and a half in diameter. ' This orchard was planted by Chouteau from whom the island received the name by which it is now known. On both Chouteau and Cabaret islands some French residents of Cahokia raised large numbers of horses which they shipped in flat boats to New Orleans. The island was well adapted to this purpose, its exclusion from the main land preventing both the escape of the horses and their theft by the Indians. This orchard years ago succumbed to the floods of the Mississippi, as also did an old grave yard in which many of the early French residents were buried. should be confirmed on tlie ground of actual improvements having been made. These claims are as follows: "Claim 1805. Original claimant, Alexis Buyatte ; present claimant, Nicholas Jarrot, 400 acres. Affirmed to the legal representative of A. Buyatte. Situate on the river I' Abbe nine miles above Cahokia. '' The river 1' Abbe here referred to derived its name from the monas- tery, or r Abbe, on Monk's mound, which was once called " Abbe Hill", even by the American settlers, and is what is now known as Cahokia creek. The claim, however, is really i-ome distance from Caho- kia, on the bank of t he Mississippi in township three, range ten, near Kinder station, and opposite Cabaret i.4and. "Claim •520. Original claimant, James Biswell, present claimant heirs ol Biswell, 400 acres, on Buck run, a branch of the Kaskaskia river, affirmed to the legal representatives." This claim is in the southwest corner of township three, range seven, and extends into St. Clair county. " Claim 519. Original claimant, Alexander Denis; present claimant, William Bolin Whiteside; 400 acres, on Winn's run in the county of St. Clair (St. Clair and Randolph were then the only counties), begin- ning at a white walnut near Cummin's sugar camp. " This is in sec- tion twenty, township four, range eight, on the bluffs of the American Bottom, in what appears to have been considered at that time the most attractive part of the county, the ''Goshen" settlement. Claim 5G1. Original claimant, Clement Drury ; present claimant, heir.-i of Samuel Worley ; 400 acres. Below the Narrows, below Hull's Station, to be located adjoining the patented militia rights of Samuel Worley and James McXabb, these rights having been located in the improvement." This is mostly in section six, of township three, range nine, and included one of the earliest improvements in the county, upon which pear trees were planted in the year 1790, or soon thereafter, which were standing more than ihree-cjuarters of a century afterward. '' Claim 1841. Original claimant, Jacque Germain ; present claim- ant, Nicholas Jarrot; 400 acres, at 1' Abbe, thirteen miles above Cahokia. '' This is in section thirty-two of township three, range nine, on the borders of Horse Shoe lake, and not far distant from Venice. " Claim 133. Original claimant, Jean Baptiste Gonville, alias Rap- pel lay ; present claimant, Nicholas Jarrot; 400 acres. Affirmed to Jarrot, situated at Cantine, about ten miles above Cahokia. " This claim includes r Abbe itself or Monk's Mound, on which was the monastery of the Monks of LaTrappe, who resided here from ISlOto 1813. It lies mostly in sections thirty-five and thirty-six of township three, range nine. "Claim 1883. Original claimant, Joseph Hanson; present claimant, Nicholas Jarrot, 400 acres, affirmed to Jarrot, situated on Mamis 3Iensoui. " This lies mostly in section twenty-six, of township three, range nine, and on the borders of Horse Shoe lake, which, perhaps is identical with the Marais Mensoui. " Claim 637. Original claimant, James Kinkead; present claimant HISTOEY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. G9 James Kinkead by George H. Dougherty, 400 acres. In the Missis- sippi bottom, four or five miles above the ferry opposite Si. Louis. " This lies in township three, range ten, in sections twenty-five and twenty six, about two miles above Venice. '' Claim 1855. Original claimant, Baptiste Lionais ; present claimant, Nichol.is Jarrot, 400 acres, affirmed." Situated opposite the mouth of the Missouri. The whole of this claim has been swept away by the waters of the river. It is in section thirty-two of township live, range nine. 'Claim 902. Original claimant, Isaac Levy; present claimant, Isaac Darnielle, 400 acres. On the river 1' Abbe, above Cahokia, about twelve miles near where the French church stood." The most of this claim lies in St. Clair county, a part in sections thirty-four and thirty-live, of township three, range nine, close to Cantine village. '"Claim 1838. Original claimant, Michael Pichette; present claim- ant Nicholas Jarrot, 400 acres. At a place calletl 1' Abbe river, eight miles above Cahokia.'' The most of this claim lie? in section thirty- one, of township three, range nine. "Claim 1653. Original claimant, Isaac West ; present claimant, Isaac West 400 acres. By the testimony of George Atchi.son and David Waddle, that this land on which the actual improvement was made had been included in the survey of James Piggott ; and by Alexander Waddle and Amos Squire that this claim had been sur- veyed about the year 1802, in the place where the said West now lives, affirmed. " This tract is partly in section nineteen, of township three, range eight. The foregoing claims were awarded on account of actual improve- ments that had been made on the land included in the claim There were four species of land claims : > FiR-sT. Ancient grants, or allotments, derived from former govern- ments (French or British) or from tne Indians, under act of Congress of June twentieth, 1788. The commissioners were satisfied that no grants were authorized by the British government while in possession of the country. The French records had in great part been destroyed by the British officers, and the grants made by the French were proved lip by oral testimony. There were no grants of this class within the present territory of M.idison county. Second. Donations to heads of families. Under the law of the twentieth of June 1788, a donation of four hundred acres of land not given lo each of the families living at either of the villages of Kaskas- kia, Prarie de Kocher, Cahokia, Fort Chartres, or St. Phillips. Tbe commissioners construed this to provide for all those who had become heads of families from the peace of 1783 to the passage of the law in 1788. Claim 527, originally claimed by James Biswell, and con- firmed to Ilia legal representatives ; 400 acres in township three, range seven. TiiiRTi. Improvement Eights. Under the law of the third of March, 1791, where lands had been actually improved and cultivated, under a supposed grant by any commandant or court, it was directed that the claim should be confirmed, note.tceeding four hundred acres to any one person. The twelve claims above described belonged to this class. The commissioners construed "actual improvement and cultivation" to mean, not a mere marking or deadening of trees, but the actual raising of a crop, or crops, such, in their opinion, being a neces.sary proof of an intention to make a permanent establishment. Fourth. Militia Eiglits. Under the act of March third, 1791, a grant of land, not exoeefling one hundred acres, was made to each person who had obtained no other donation of land from the United States, and who on the first day of .\Hgust, 1790, was enrolled in the militia, and had done militia duty Commissioners Michael Jones, John Caldwell and Thom:is Sloo, on the fonrth of January, 1813, reported five other claims in Madison county which they recommended for confirmation on the ground of actual improvements having been made : " Claim G02. Original claimant, Peter Casteline; confirmed by Gov. William 11. Harrison, to Peter Casteline; claimant before former board of commissioners, Peter CUsleliue, 250 acres. '' This lies muslly in section thirty-two of township three, range eight, on the bluflTs near Collinsville. "Claim 328. Original claimant, Isaac Enochs; confirmed by Gov. Harrison to Isaac Knochs, claimed before the former board of com- missioners by Jacob Whiteside, 250 acres. " This tract is in sections four and nine of township four, range nine. Nearly all washed away. " Claim 617. Original claimant, Abraham Rain ; confirmed by Gov. Harrison to the widow and heirs of Rain ; claimants before the former board of commissioners, Uel and Bolin Whiteside, 250 acres." This is in sections twenty and twenty-one of township four, range nine. On the surveys the name is spelled Kainer. ''Claim 756. Original claimant, John Sullivan ; confirmed by Gov. Harrison to Larkin Rutherford ; claimed before the former board of commissioners by Larkiu Rutherford, 440 arpents. This is mostly in sections eight an)ri- gioal claimant, Louis Menard, affirmed to Nicholas Jarrot, is in section eight of the same township. These claims have been swept away by the encroachments of the Mississippi. Claim 1719. Original claimant Louis LeBrun, jr. Affirmed to Thomas Kirkpatrick, 100 acres. In section twenty-three of town- ship four, range eight. Claim 331. Original claimant, Francois Louval. Affirmed to Henry Cook. Situated on the waters of Judy's creek, the survey in- cluding the militia claim of William Young Whiteside, on the cor- ners of sections four, five, eight and nine, of township three, range eight, near the claim of Samuel Judy in Goshen. Claim 484. Original claimant, John Lisle. Affirmed to John Biggs, 100 acres, " located, begiuning at a stake on the banks of the Mississippi." Claim 991. Original claimant, Pierre Lejoy. Affirmed to Thomas Kirkpatrick, 100 acres mostly is sections two and three of town- ship four, range eight, and including the north-western part of Edwardsville. The commissioners note this claim as being three miles east of the Mississippi. It is about eight. At the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick on this claim the county court of Madison county held its first session on the fifth of .-Vpril, 1813. Claim 599. Original claimant, Louis Rhelle. Affirmed to Benja- min Ca.ster line; and claim 600, original claimant, Levi Piggot, each of 100 acres, were located on Cantine Creek, near Colliusville, partly in section twenty-nine, of township three, range eight. Claim 113. Original claimant, Joseph St. Ives. Affirmed to Nichola-s Jarrot, in section seventeen of township four range nine near Madison, has been washed away by the Mississippi. Claim 330. Original claimant, William Young Whiteside. Affirm- ed to Henry Cook, 100 acres. Surveyed with claim of Francois Luval, 331, which see above. Claim 545. Original claimant, David Waddle. Affirmed to David Waddle, 100 acres, and claim >10, original claimant, Alexan- der Waddle, Affirmed to Alexander Waddle, 100 acres were survey- ed with other claims, and the improvement right of 250 acres of Daviil Waddle, and located mostly in sections thirty-one and thirty-two of township four, range nine. The commissioners on the fourth of January, 1S13, reported the following additional claims grounded on Militia service. Claim 548. Original claimant, Jean Baptiste Becket. Confirmed by Governor Harrison to Ettienne Pensoneau who was the claimant before the commissioners. In township three, range ten, covering part of the plat of the town of Venice. Cl.-iim 549, adjoining 548, 100 acres. Original claimant, Augusle Belconr. Confirmed by Governor Harrison to the same, and by him conveyed to Ettienne Pensoneau. Claim 103. In township three, range ten, 100 acres. Original claimant, Raphael Belanger. Confirmed by Governor Harrison to Nicholas Jarrot. Claim 1907. Original claimant, Charles Denean. Confirmed by Crovernor Harrison to Hannah Ilillman, 100 acres. Claim 104, 100 acres. Original claimant, Stephen Louis Lamall. Confirmed by Governor Harrison to Nicholas Jarrot. Claim 609, 100 acres. In sections thirty-three and thirty-fi>ur of township three, range eight, just south of Colliusville, and e.ictending into St. Clair county. Original claimant, ClLirlas Francois Lancier affirmed to the same by Governor Harrison, and by whom conveyed to Thomas H. Talbot. Claim 928. In sections sixteen, twenty, and twenty-one of town- ship four, range eight on the bluffs. Original claimant, James Whiteside, and confirmed to him by Governor Harrison. This comprises all the claims, located partly or entirely, within the present boundaries of Madison county. The list comprises sixly- nine claim.s, incluled in forty-ei.;ht several surveys. Forty-nine are for 100 acres; thirteen for 400 acres; three for 250 acres; one for 160 arpents, and one for 440 arpents. Their location by townsliips is as follows : Township 3, Range 7. 2 Claims. 1 Surveys. 3, " 8. 18 " 11 4, " 8. 8 " 8 " HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 71 'ownsliiji 3, Range 9. 21 Claims. 9 Surveys 4, " 0. 8 " 8 " '' 5, 9. 3 " 3 tj. " 10. " 8 69 48 PIONEER AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The district of country comprising the present county of Madison was explored by the Rev. David Badgley, and some others, in the year 1709. The luxuriant growth of grass and vegetation, evidence of the great fertility of the soil, reminded the explorers of the richness of the country, the best of the land of Egypt, in which the children of Israel had possessions, " and grew and multiplied exceedingly," and they called it Goshen. David Badgley was a Baptist preacher who came to Illinois in 1796, and settled in St. Clair county, a few miles north of Belleville, where he died in 1824. He was never a resident of this county. The first American settler to push beyond the frontier, and plant himself within the limits of what is now ]Madison county, was Ephraim Conner. This was in the year 1800, he built his rude cabin in the northwest corner of the present Col- linsville township, but whether dissatisfied with his isolated position, or prompted by a roving spirit, peculiar to the early pioneers, he sought some now ' lodge in the vast wilder- ness." The next year, 1801, he disposed of his improvement to Samuel Judy, who became a permanent and valued citi- zen of the flourishing Goshen settlement, which the rapidly arriving immigrants in a few years brought into existence. The Judy family is conspicuous in the early settlement of Illinois. Jacob Judy, the father of Samuel Judy, was born in Switzerland, and came to America when six years old. He was married in Frederick county, Maryland, and at Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, " worked for the public," as an early chronicler says, " at the gunsmith business, for many years, and received nothing for it." He .started for the frontier regions of the west in the year 1786, with his family, then consisting of three children, and descerded the Ohio river to Kentucky. On his way, at the mouth of the Scioto, he heard Indians on the bank making noises to decoy him to the land, but he kept straight on his way down the river. His daughter, Nancy, then a girl of eighteen, steered the boat while the others rowed, with all possible speed, past the dangerous locality. He remained two years in Kentucky, near Louisville, and then set out for Illinois, making a voyage down the Ohio in a flat boat. The hostile Indians obliged him to seek protection up Cash river, in the present county of Alexander, where he remained seven weeks, until a boat could come from Kaskaskia to his relief. He lived at Kaksaskia four years ; in 1792 he moved to the New Design settlement in the present county of Monroe ; and in 1794 settled in Monroe county where he died in the year 1807. The place where he lived was widely known as Judy's mill. Samuel Judy, his only son, the pioneer of the family in Madison county, was born on the nineteenth of August 1773. He married Margaret Whiteside, a sister of Gen. Samuel Whiteside. In the early Indian troubles in Monroe county, Judy, then a young man of only twenty, displayed great activity and bravery, afterwards in the cam- paigns against the Indians, during the war of 1812-14, he was actively employed in the service. In 1812 he was in command of a company of spies, in advance of the main army, which proceeded against the Indians at the head of Peoria lake, and the next year, 1813, was captain of a com- pany in the army of Gen. Howard. In the frontier skirmishes with the Indians, he was considered both active and efficient and prudent, and cautious. He was modest and unassum- ing in character, and would have preferred to serve as a pri- vate soldier in the ranks, had not his neighbors and friends insisted on his taking the responsible command to which they thought his experience and sterling qualtities of mind entitled him. He was elected a member from Madison county, in the fall of 1812, of the first legislature that on- vened at Kaskaskia after the formation of the territorial governmeat. Although he had little education, and hai learned, barely more than to read and write, and this with some difficulty, the clear, sound, and solid judgmsnt with which nature had endowed him, his great common sense, and his character for honesty and integrity, made him a valu- able member of this first legislative body of Illinois, in which his influence was scarcely surpassed by that of any other member. After the organization of Madison county he was one of the first county commissioners, and displayed great judgment, honesty, and economy, in managing the finances of the county. In his own private business affairs he c-xhibi- ed the same prudence and foresight. He acquired wealth, but without speculation or doubtful practice. He raised large numbers of horses, cattle, hogs and sheep. On the establishment of the penitentiary at Alton, he was ap])ointed by Gov. John Reynolds, one of the board which had charge of the erection of the building and the placing of the peni- tentiary system in operation. Though not a member of any religious society, all the churches had the benefit of his good will and friendship, and he was moral and correct in his habits. In the excesses so common in his day — gaii- ing, drinking, and light and frivolous amusements — he never indulged. He died in the year 1838. The farm on which Judy settled was included in the mili- tia claim, number three hundred and thirty-eight, and on it he made early and substantial improvements. The first, or second year after his arrival he set out an orchard. In 1808 he built a brick house, the walls of which were cracked by the earthquake of 1811, which is still standing in good condition. This was the first brick house erected within the limits of Madison county. Jacob Judy the oldest son of Samuel Judy, was register of the land office at Edwardsville from 1845 to 1849. Another son. Col. Thomas Judj', repre- sented Madison county in the State legislature in 1852 and '53, and has been one of the best known citizens of the county. The first settlement on the Six Mile prairie was made in the year 1801. A family named Wiggins 'settled here, and with them lived an unmarried man, Patrick Hanniberry. In the early history of Madison county the most numerous family were the Gillhams. Thomas Gillham, the first of the family to come to America, was a native of Ireland. 72 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. He settled in Virginia about the year 1730, and afterward moved to South Corolina. He had eleven children, seven sons and four daughters : Ezekiel, Charles, Thomas, Wil- liam, James, John, Isaac, Nancy, Mary, Sally, and Susan- nah. The original stock was Irish Presbyterian, though the descendants are now mostly of the Methodist faith. The first of the family to behold the Illinois country was James Gillham, the fourth sou of Thomas Gillham. He came iu the summer of the year 1794 in search of his wife and cliildren, who were then held captive by the Indians. He had married Ann Barnett.in South Carolina, and at the close of the war of the Revolution moved to Kentucky* He conceived so favorable an opinion of Illinois that he made it his home in 1797, first settling in the American Bottim below St. Louis, and at the beginning of the present century moving to what is now Madi-son county. Congress, in 1815, gave to Mrs. Gillham one hundred and sixty acres of land at the head of Long Lake, iu township four, range nine, in testimony of the hardship and sufferings she endured dur- ing her captivity among the Indians. The children of James Gillham, were Samuel, Isaac, Jacob demons, James, Harvey, David M., Polly, Sally and Nancy. Samuel settled in section fifteen of township four, range nine ; and the other sons, Lsaac, Jacob demons, James, Harvey and Da- vid M., all made homes for themselves iu section four of the * One day in the montli of June, 1790, while Mr. GilUiara wag plowing corn on his farm in Kentucky, and his son Isaac, then a .small boy, was clearing away with a hoe the clods which the plow might throw on the young stalks, a party of Kickapoo Indians stole up to the house, and captnred Gillham's wife and his three other children, whose ages ranged from four to twelve years. The field in which Mr. Gillham w.is at work was at some distance from the house, and it was not for some time that he discovered the misfortune which had be- fallen his fimily. In the meantime the Indians hurried away with their prisoners. Mrs. Gillham w.as so alarmed at the sudden appear- ance of the savages that she lost lier senses, and the first that she could recollect afterward was the voice of her oldest son, S imuel, .saying, " Mother, we are all prisoners." The Indians ripped open the beds, turned out the feathers, and converted the ticks into sacks into which they placed clulhing and such other articles as they could carry on their backs. They then hurried off in the direction of the Kickapoo town, near the head waters of the Sangamon river in Illinois, Their course avoided the settlements, and their anxiety to escape pur- suit made them push forward without rest or food. The savages hurried them forward with fierce looks and threatening gestures. The children's feet became sore and bruised, and the mother tore her clothing to get rags in which to wrap them. The Indians had with them a small quantity of jerked veni.son which they gave the children, but neither they nor the mother, h.ad a particle of food, until one day after they had traveled some distance from the white settlements, the party made a halt, and two of their best hunters were dispatched to look for game. Towards night they returned with one poor raccoon. Mrs. Gillham, who was afraid that either the children would perish with hunger, or that the Indians would kill them to save them from star- vation, afterward said that the sight of this one poor coon gave her more satisfaction at that time than any amount of wealth could furnish. The coon was dressed by singing oft" the hair over a blazing fire, and after throwing away the contents of the intestines, in w.as chopped in pieces, and with head, bones, skin, and entrails, boiled in a kettle and made into a kind of soup. The Indians and their captives sat around the kettle, and with bone spoons and forked sticks, obtained a scanty relief from starvation. They approached the Ohio river with great camion, fearful tli.at same township and range. The descendants of the two youngest daughters now reside in the State of Mississippi. James Gillham wrote ti hi^ brothers in S )uth Carolina of the advantages of the Illinois country, and his brother, Thomas, left South Carolina in the fall of the year 1799, and reached the end of his journey on the closing day of the eighteenth century — thus ready to begin the new century in the new western world. Two other brothers, John and William, came to Illinois in the year 1802, both settling within the present boundaries of Madison county, and another brother, Isaac, followed a couple of years afterward. The oldest son of Thomas Gillham was Isham Gillham, sheriff of Madison county, from 1812 to 1818. He first settled on a farm adjoining that of Colonel Samuel Judy, and in the spring of 1817 moved to the bank of the Missis- sippi, nearly opposite the luouth of the Missouri. Another son, William, settled on a farm in the liidge prairie, five miles east of Edwardsville. One of the daughters, Violet, married Joshua Vaughn, and settled in the American Bot- tom ; and another. Patsy, became the wife of Peter Hub- bird, and moved to Bond county. William Gillham, on coming to Illinois settled in the Si.x; mile prairie, as early as 1820, or 1822 ; he moved to Jersey county. His sons were John D., William, and Ezekiel. William became a resident of Scott county, and the two others lived in Jersey county. One of the daughters, Agnes, they might be discovered by white people passing down the river. They camped through the day in a thick wood near the.site of the town of Hawesville, Kentucky, and made three rafLs of dry logs, I;is!ied togeth- er with thongs of red elm bark, and at night crossed the river in safe- ty. Once across the Ohio the Indians relaxed some of their cau- tion, marched slower, and secured abundant food. Keeping to the right of the white settlement at Vincennes, they crossed the Wabash below Terre Haute, and marching through the present counties of Clark, Coles and Micon in this State, finally reached tha Indian town on Salt Creek about twenty miles east of north from the present city of Springfield. Mr. Gillham on returning home from his work at noon found all about his house in confusion. Tlie feathers from the beds were scattered over the yard, and the mother and children were gone. It did not take a long time for a frontiersman to conjecture the fate of the family. It was plain that they had been taken prisoners by the In- dians, and Mr. Gillham and his friends lost no time iu starting in pursuit. Their trail, as they left the clearing, was discovered, and in one or two pl.aces the footprints of Mrs Gillham and the children were visible. But the trail was again lost, and all their ctlorts to re- cover it were ineflectual. Mr. Gillham was obliged to abandon the pursuit, but he still entertained hope of one day recovering his wife and children. He sold his improvements in Kentucky, and visited Vincennes and Ka,skaskia, with the hope of enlisting the aid of the French traders, who had person.al knowledge of all the Indian tribes in the Northwest. The commencement of hostilities between the whites and Indians made his efTorts almost hopeless. After five years of disappointment he learned from some of the French traders that his family were among the Kiekapoos, and with two Frenchmen as interpreters and guides he visited the Indian town on Salt Creek, and found his wife and children, alive and well. The rans im was p:iisippi river, nearly opposite the mouth of the Missouri. He was Sherifl'of the county from 1812 to 1818. William, the second son of Thomas Gillham, Jr., married Mary Anderson and settled on a farm in Rither Jaina, iu Sjctiou 12, township 4, range 9, where he resiiled to the day of his death. He was a juror iu the first murder ease tried in this county. Their children were Lydia, who married James GiUhara, Sa nuel P., Rev. John, a Metho list minister, uow of Eldorado, Salin countv, Micajah C, Hannah, the first wife of Charles Sebastian, Sarah, now of Jersey county, and Susannah B , who was the first wife of Samuel Teter and afterward the wife of George S. Rice. By his .second marriage to Mrs. Ruhama Stockton, nee Patterson, his children were Ann, the wife of Elias Judy, Jara^s, now of Alton, Gershora P., deceased, JIary E., second wife of Jonah Good, E. Ellen, the wife of John Willson of Marion county and Ryderus Clark, Jr., now residing on the old homestead. Charles, the third son of John GUlham, first married Misi C'elia Medford and raised two daughters, Sarah and Mary Ann, who married Joseph Tilton. Both died in early life. By his .second wife, Miss Mary Murphy, he had one daughter, Ann, uow the wife of David Klingle, Esq. Sally, the third daughter, married Daniel Brown, and settled on the banks of Cahokia creek in section 18, township 4, range 8. Their children were fohn, Charles, Samuel, I. Newton, D. Sanders, and James. I. N and James died young; a daughter, Susannah, married Jlr. McMurtra and resides in VanBuren, Arkansas. D. Sanders also lives there. Charles married Miss Elizabeth Murphy, who is yet living. John married Elizabeth Vaughn, and Samuel married Miss Sebastian, and went to California iu 1849. Elizabeth, fourth daughter of John Gillham, married Mica- jah Cox and early located in Scott couuty. Their numerous descendants still reside there. Susannah, fifth daughter, married William Ramsey and also located in Scott county, where they resided until 1840, when Mr. R. died. They had three children, .fohu, the oldest, Caroline, who became the wife of a Mr. Packwood, and Mary Anu, now the wife of Dr. Mahlon Turner, of Des Moines, Iowa. John was killed by accident on a steam- ship upon his return home from Cdlifornia, at the city of New Orleans, in 18.^0. The sixth daughter, Polly, married Thomas Cox and settled upon the southeast corner of section 36, township 5, range 9 uow Wood river. Their children were Jefferson, John H. and William, all born and raised in this county. John, fifth son of John Gillham, Sr., married Miss Phebe Dunnagan, and settled on the northeast quarter of section I, township 4, range 9, right where Wanda Station now stands. He was a pioneer Methodist preacher, and did what he could toward the advancement of the church, aided by a true Christian wife. They both died within a brief period in 1835, he at 37 she at 36 years of age, leaving five small children, who.se names were NarcLssa, who married Johnson Vaughn and mother of Mrs. M. H. Boals, of Alton. Mr. Vaughn dying she married George Q^iigley of Alton. Their children were Frank, John G. and Mac. D.iuiel B , the oldest son, married first Miss E. Lucretia Smith, who lived only six years, leaving a daughter, M. Eliza, wife of Warren Lowe, Esq., of Upper Alton. He again married Miss Virginia Harrison, by whom he has one son Willard T., and four daughters living, viz: Nannie Addean, Alice E , E Lillian and Virginia N. His second wife dyitig in 1872, in I87ii he was married to Ade- line Harrison, sister of the second wife, who has no children. Julia A .second daughter, married \\m Harrison of the firm of Harrison Brothers, merchant millers of Belleville. She lived but a short time afterward. H. Eliza, third daughter, married Shed B. Gillham, now of Upper Alton. Shortly after they were married they removed to West Point, Iowa, where she died about four mouths afterward. Both the latter were graduates of the Jacksonville Female College and neither left children. Jo.seph B , the .second son, emigrated to Calif )rnia in lS.o3. He there married a JIi.ss Adams aud died from a wound inflicted by a ma'i whom he had befriended across the plains by loaning him money, upon which to live, while serving upon him a writ as sherirt' of the county. He left two children. William, sixth son of John Gillham, Sr., was born in the state of Tennessee while his parents were en route to Illi- nois in 1H02. He married Polly MeKinuey, and settled on the southeast quarter of section 36, township 5 range 9, Wood River. Tliey raised but two children, — sotis — John M. formerly of the Western House, Broadway, St. Louis, now of Leadville, Colorado, and Wm. E. Emaring of the Brunswick House, St. Louis. He was also a M 'tlo list minister, and died of cholera in the city of Alton, in ls.53, beloved by all. His wife survived him, but has now passed awa)'. All of the above named desceudauts of John Gill- ham, Sr., have numerous descenda its now scattered over the wide domain of the United States, a complete history of which would make a large volume. Isaac, the fifth son of Thomas Gillham, was married in South Carolina to Miss Jane Kirkpatrick, emigrated to Illinois in 1804 or 5 and settled on the American Bottom in Madison county. Most of his children were born in the old South State. Their names were Thomas, John, James, William and Isaac, Polly, Margaret, Susannah and Jane. Thomas married Letitia Davidson and settled near the [)lank road from Edwardsville to St. Louis, about three and one- half miles northeast from the latter, and within a few hundred feet of the old Six-mile Methodist church. Their children were Newton, now of Oregon, Lewallen, deceased James G., of Des Moines, Iowa, Shadrach B., of Upper Alton, Minerva and Lucretia, the wives of Gabriel and James Marlow, both deceased, and Margaret wife of W. C. Linn, of California. John, second son of Isaac Gillham, Sr., married Elizabeth Gillham and settled on the farm just west of his brother Thomas. Their children were Jane, Madison, Julia and John. James, third son of Isaac Gillham, Sr., married Polly Lofton, and early in the century removed to Scott county. Their children were Leroy, Wesley, both deceased, Jud.;es Erastus, and William, now of Scott county, Margaret, widow of the late Dr. Kersey, of Winchester, and Jaue, wife of Je-se Newman, of Jacksonville. William, fourth son of Isaac, Sr., married Barbara Hea- ton and .settled the farm now owned and resided upon by Dr. T. J. Irish, in Nameoki township. Their children were J Addison and Louisa the wife of T. Sidney Davidson of this county. His first wife dying, he married Miss Marian Davidson. Their children were Thomas and Mary .Jane. Isaac, Jr., third son of Isaac, Sr., married Rebecca Hayden and settled on a farm just east of and near his brother Tiiomas. Their only child, James A., now of Brighton, with whom his mother still resides. Margaret, the first daughter of Isaac Gillham, Sr., married John Davidson and settled the farm adjoining the church property at Kiuder. Their only son, MiJton, was the father of John E. Davidson, of Golden, Col. Mrs. Maggie Mc- Carty, of Arizona and Mi.ss Mattie Davidson, of St. Louis. Mr. David.son dying, she bjc.imj the wife of Calvin Kinder, aud was probably as well known as any woman ever living iu the county. Polly married Robert Whiteside and left this county. Susaunah, third daughter of Isaac, Sr., mar- ried Hardy Willhanks and emigrated to Texas at an early day. Jaue, fourth daughter of Isaac Gillham, Sr., married 76 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Hiram Fisli, who lived in the township of Nameoki. Their only child, Stiliuan Oscar, now resides in St. Louis. Sally, eldest daughter of Thomas Gillhani, Sr., married John Davidson in South Carolina. Their children were Samuel, Thomas, George, William, Susannah and Sally. Samuel and Susannah did not come to Illinois. Thomas G. married in South Carolina, and early came to Illinois with his brothers George and William and his sister Sally. His children by his first wife were Letitia, wife of Thomas Gill- ham, Jr., and mother of S. B. Gillham of Upper Alton, Ephraiiu William and Dovey, widow of Alexander Bell. She now resides at Exeter, Scott county. His first wife dying, he married Polly Stanford and settled just on top of the blutf where J. H. Kendall now resides. Their children were Beverly A., and Clayton T., vho long lived on the old homestead. Matilda, who was the first wife of Joshua Duunagan, married the second wife of William Gillham. Jane, the wife of Walker Delaplain, who settled, lived and died near Venice. Sinai, the wife of the late Sidney Smith and the mother of Mr. Shed. B. Gillham, Mrs. W. C. Had- ley, and William Smith, Esq., of CoUinsville ; Sopronia, the fii>t wife of George S. Rice; and Elvira, the wife of Abner Duunagan and mother of W. H. and Miss Mattie Dunnagan of this county. Thomas G. Davidson was one of the firi-t justices of Madison county. WilUiam, second son of John Davidson, married Hannah Bunkhead and early came to Illinois. Their children were Ishara, James, Andrew, I]lizabeth, who became the wife of Thomas G. Dunnagan, and S. Milicent, second wife of J. Clark Dunnagan, both yet residing on the old homestead in section 1 and '2, township 4, range 9. George, the third son of John Davidson, married Miss Jane Lusk. Susannah married a man by the name of Lusk. They did not come to Illinois. John Davidson, husband of Sally Gillham, as above, was killed iu battle in the Revolutionary War. Susannah, youngest daughter of Thomas Gillham, the 1st, married James Kirkpatiick in South Carolina. After having been away from his home, in the army of the revo- lution for months, he obtained permission to visit his family which, on account of Toryism, he had to do by stealth. He had been at home but a few minutes when, sitting upon his wife's knees, surrounded by his children, he was shot and killed by a Tory named Pruitt, who fired through a window. They had five children, viz: James, Thomas, Franklin, John and Polly. Mrs. Kirkpatrick again married a man by the name of Scott, and raised a sou Joseph. She, her daughter, and youngest son never came to Illinois. Her older sons, fouf in number, all came to Illinois at an early day, and figure prominently in the early settlement of Madi- son county. Their descendants are to be found in many portions of the state iu Bond, Adams, Morgan and other counties." Thus I have imperfectly sketched the history of the family to the second generation in Illinois only, which is all that space will admit which from the meagre and somewhat contradictory data at hand, must of necessity contain mis- takes or errors. Were it continued to the present day it would supply material for a large volume, and while this is in no sense a history of the family, it is as correct as I think it possible at this late day to make it, and it will enable the descendants of the diflerent branches of the family to take up the thread in each and carry it down." Among the accessions to the population of the southern part of the county, in the year 1802, were members of the White.ide family, who moved up from Monroe county. The Whitesides, in early times, were celebrated for their bravery and daring in the troubles between the white settlers and the Indians. They were of Irish descent. W'illiam White- side, the leader and pioneer of the family in Illinois, was a soldier in the Revolution, and took part in the battle of King's Mountain. From the frontiers of North Carolina he emigrated to Kentucky, and thence in the year 1793 he came to Illinois He settled iu the present county of Mon- roe, and built a fort on the road between Cahokia and Kas- kaskia, (about half way between the present towns of Co- lumbia and Waterloo), which became widely known as " Whiteside's Station." His brother, John Whiteside, who came to Illinois at the same time, had also been a Revolu- tionary soldier. Colonel William Whiteside was justice of the peace, and judge of the court of common pleas of j\[onroe county. In the war of 1812-14, he was active in organizing the militia. He died at the old station in 1815. The Whitesides had been neighbors of the Jud3's in Monroe county, and coming to the Goshen settlement they selected a location not far from Samuel Judy. The wife of the latter was a sister to Samuel Whiteside. Samuel and Joel Whiteside, .sons of John Whiteside, settled in the north- east part of the present CoUinsville township, and made the first improvements on the Ridge prairie. The other settlers, who preceded them, had all made their homes at the foot of the bluff, and in the American Bottom. Samuel Whiteside was a representative from Madison county in the first legis- lature which met after the admission of Illinois into the Union as a State. He commanded a company of rangers in the campaigns against the Indians during the war of 1812-14. In the Black Hawk war he was commissioned by Governor Reynolds a brigadier-general. William B. White- side, who for many years filled the office of sheriff" of Madi- son county, was a sou of Col. William Whiteside ; he was born in North Carolina, and was a mere lad when he accom- panied his father to Illinois in 1793. He was raised on the frontier, without many opportunities for education, but " possessed a strong and sprightly intellect, and a benevo- lence rarely equalled." He was a captain of one of the com- panies of United States rangers, organized in 1813. John Reynolds, afterward governor of the state, and three of his brothers were members of this company, as also were a large number of the early residents of Madison county. On the twenty-fourth of July, 1802, two men, named Alexaniler Dennis, and John Van Meter, were murdered by the Indians in the Goshen settlement, southwest of Edwardsville, not far from where the Cahokia creek emerges from the bluff, at the place afterward known as Nix's ford. This murder was committed by a band of Pottawatamies, led by their chief, Turkey Foot, an evil-disposed and cruel savage. Turkey Foot and his band were returning from Cahokia to their town in the northern part of Illinois, and meeting Dennis and Van Meter killed them without provocation. The In- dians were probably intoxicated, as mostly happened when they visited Cahokia. This occurrence offered but slight impediment to the progress of the Goshen country. The In- dians were at that time in friendly relations with the whites, and this act was not looked upon as an evidence of organ- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 11 ized warfare, but as a solitary incident of chance depreda- tion. Emigrants were rapidly coming to Illinois, and many, who, a few a years previous had located in the New Design settlement, and other parts of the present county of Monroe, were moving up to Goshen, attracted by the superior fertility of the soil, and the great beauty of the country. The droits and Seybold fiiniilies came in 1803. William Grotts and Robert Seybold had been soldiers in the Revolu- tionary war. Jasiper Seybold, father of Robert Seybold, was born on the Rhein in Germany, in the year 1718. He came to the United States in 1732, in a small ship that sailed from Amsterdam crowded with emigrants. A pestilence carried off many of the passengers on the voyage. Landing in the Chesapeake bay, the captain of the ship bound young Seybold to a planter for seven years to pay for bis passage. Becoming free he married Alcey Clendenuing, a Scotch girl, who had, in like manner, been bound to a tailor for her pas- sage money across the ocean. In 1740, they settled at the foot of the Blue ridge, now in Loudon county, A'irginia, and baked their first hoe- cake on a flat stone for want of other domestic conveniences. He had twelve sons, and two daughters. Robert Seybold was the youngest of these sons. Nine of them drew pensions for their services during the Revolutionary war. A member of the family was accus- tomed to say that he never knew one of them to be disloyal, to be convicted of a crime, or to get rich. In 1785, Robert Seybold came down the- Ohio river in a flat boat, and walked from Fort Massac across to Kaskaskia In 1787 he married Mrs. Jacob Gratz, whose husband a short time previous had been killed by the Indians at Pig- gott's fort. Her maiden name was Mary Bull, and she was born in Pennsylvania in 1775, and came to Monroe county, Illinois, in 1778. Samuel Seybold, a former old resident of Ridge prairie, was born at Piggott's fort in the year 1795. Robert Seybold was one of the pioneer settlers of the present Jarvis township, making an improvement in the prairie, at the head of Cantine creek, two miles and a half west of Troy in 1803. East of Seybold, in the immediate vicinity of the present town of Troy, settlements were also made in 1803, by the Greggs. In April of tliat year, Jacob Gregg settled a half mile south of Troy. The next year, 1804, he planted a pear tree, which bore large crops of fruit for more than half a century afterward. Philip, Titus, John, and Hermon Gregg, sons of Jacob, made settlements in the neighborhood. John Gregg on the prairie, not far from Robert Seybold. The Greggs were from Kentucky, slow and unprogressive, and" in after years grumbled at being taxed to support the free schools, and favored the introduction of slaverj'. On the banks of the Mississippi, opposite Cabaret or (Gab- beret) Island not far above Venice, Dr. George Cadwell was an early settler. He and John Mcssinger, who made many of the early surveys in this county, had married daughters of Matthew Lyon in Vermont, and the three, with their fiiniilies, emigrated to Kentucky, coming down the Ohio river in a flat boat, in the year 1799. They settled at Eddyville, Kentucky, and Lyon, an eccentric, but popular character. was elected a representative in Congress from Kentucky for several terms. He had previously served as a member of Con- gress from Vermont. Dr. Cadwell and Messinger came to Illi- nois in 1802. They lauded from their boat iu the American Bottom, not fiir from Fort Chartres, and remained in that vicinity for some time. Dr. Cadwell then made a perma- nent settlement, as stated above, on the Mississippi. He practiced the profession of medicine, and was chosen to several public oflices. He was justice of the peace. Judge of the county court, first in St. Clair county, and then in Madison, after its organization. He was the first member of the State Senate from Madison county after the organiza- tion of the State government and held that position from 1818 to 1822. He was a man of unimpeachable, private life, a respectable physician and a useful citizen. He was afterward a member of the legislature from Greene county. He died at a good old age in Morgan county. George Richardson accompanied Dr. Cadwell, settled near him, and removed with him from this county to Morgan. John Mcssinger who came with Dr. Cadwell to Illinois, lived a short time within the present limits of Madison county, though he took up his permanent residence in St. Clair. He lived in Ridge prairie, between the present towns of Troy and Collinsville. He was born in West Stockbridge, Massachusetts, 1771, and in 1783 settled in Vermont. He was a member of the legislature of Indiana territory, before Illinois had a seperate territorial government. He assisted in forming the first constitution of the State, and was Speaker of the House of Representatives in the first General Assem- bly after the State government was formed. He died in St. Clair county in 1846. He had a great genius for mathema- tics, and was an excellent surveyor ; nearly one-third of the boundaries of the townships in this county were surveyed by him. In 1804, the settlements were extended farther north, and were strengthened by the arrival of many new families. A Frenchman from Cahokia, named Delorne, settled this year at the edge of the timber, east of Monk's Mound, near Cantine Creek. The settlement in the Six Mile prairie, from 1804 to 1806, received considerable accessions in the Waddle, Griffin, Squire, Cummings, Carpenter and Gillham families. Thomas Cummings was an energetic pioneer with a family of stalwart sons. In 1817 he moved to what is now Jersey county. Nathan Carpenter was a man of enterprise and energy, and at an early period had a horse-mill in opera- tion. Thomas Gillham, the oldest son of Isaac Gillham, was a justice (jf the peace, and subsequently a county com- missioner. Amos S((uire, who bad emigrated from Mary- land to Illinois in company with Shadrach Bond, and first settled at Kaskaskia, in 1808, made his home on the farm on which his son, Samuel Scjuire, still lives. He was the first justice of the peace in township three, range nine. He was first appointed to this position by Gov. Ninian Edwards, and filled it for twenty consecutive years. He was captain in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14. Among other early residents of this part of the county were Henry Hayes, John Clark, Henry Stallings, and John G. Lofton. 78 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. The Arthur family carae to tliis part of the county in 1811. From 1804 to 1806 families by the name of Chilton, Bra- zell, Lorton, Moore, Downing, Lemen, Copelaud, Lacy, Van- hooser. Rattan, Hewitt, Hill, Stubblefield and Jones, attach- ed themselves to the eastern and northern parts of the Go- shen settlement. In 1S05, John T. Lusk, then a young man of twenty-one, cast his fortunes with the Goshen country. He was born on Broad river, in the Union district of South Carolina, in the year 1784. In 1798, his father, James Lusk, emigrated to Kentucky, and established a ferry on the Ohio, where is now the town of Golconda. This was widely known as Lusk's ferry, and John T. Lusk, as he was growing to be a young man, was engaged for some time in its operation. Soon after his arrival, Mr. Lusk pre-empted land two miles and a half southwest of Edwardsville, and in 1809 married Lucre- tia, daughter of Charles Gillham,who in the year 1803, had settled two miles south of Edwardsville. After living at this place some years, Charles Gillhamsold his improvements to John and Beniah Robinson and moved to Hurricane creek in Bond county. Directly after his marriage, John T. Lusk moved to a tract of land, afterwards included in the Fair Grounds, near Edwardsville, and lived in a tent till he constructed a double log cabin, which stood for many years, and in which was born Alfred Lusk, said to have been the first white child born in township four, range eight. John T. Lusk was a ranger in the Indian troubles of 1812- 14, and a lieutenant in the Black Hawk war, and prominently connected with the interests of Edwardsville. Joseph Newman, a Pennsylvanian, came to the present Fort Russ 11 township in 1804, but the first substantial im- provement in this township was made by Major Isaac H. Fergurson in 1806. Major Fergurson was a Kentuckian. A year or two afterward he moved to what is now Morine township, and in the war of 1812-14 had command of Chil- ton's Fort. He moved to Texas in 1842, and died in Mexico during the war between that country and the United States. Martin Preuitt, in 1806, settled on the Sand Ridge prairie, about three miles east of Alton. He was born in North Carolina. In 1767, when fifteen, he went with his father to Kentucky, in company with Daniel Boone, and camped nine months on the Kentucky river, spending their time hunting, and then returned to North Carolina. He had three brothers, Abraham, William and Isaac. He was in the Revolutionary war, and at the battle of Kings Moun- tain. After the Revolution all the family removed to Virginia, and after being there several years, to Tennessee. Here Abraham and William Preuitt were killed by the Cherokee Indians, and in 1806 the family came to Illinois. Martin Preuitt did little else but hunt. He died without sickness or pain, in the year 1844, at the age of ninety-two. He had ten children ; the sons were named Isaac, Abraham, Jacob, William, Jones and Solomon. Solomon Preuitt, the youngest son, was born in 1790, and lived to be one of the oldest residents of Madison county. He was elected captain of a militia company in 1811, when twenty-one years of age. He was in the ranging service in 1813 and 1814. In 1818 he moved to a place a mile and a half south of the present town of Bethalto. In 1831 he was in command of a com- pany which marched to Rock Island in the first campaign against Black Hawk. In 1832 he was elected captain of a company formed at Milton for service in the Black Hawk war, and at Beardstown, where the regiment was organized, was chosen lieutenant-colonel. After his return to Madison county he was elected major of the militia, and held that position for many years. When the Preuitt family came to Illinois in 1806, there was only one house in the forks of Wood river, in which a man named Benjamin Carter, a shoemaker, lived. This improvement was bought by George Moore, who built a log house. Solomon Munson was living on the Sand Ridge prairie, and towards Alton lived Mrs. Shields, whose son, James Shields, afterward settled on land now included in the city of Alton, and gave his name to Shields' branch. William Jones and John Finley arrived in 1806, and' settled on the sand ridge, east of Alton. They had come to Illinois a couple of years previous, and had stopped for a time in Pope county. William Jones was a Baptist preach- er. He was born in Washington county, Virginia, and em- igrated thence to Kentucky, and thence to Tennessee, where he experienced religion and became connected with the min- istry of the Baptist church. He was captain of a company of rangers during the war of 1812-14. He was a member of the legislature of Illinois, both while under the territorial government and after the admission of the state into the union. He died in 1844. In the spring of the year 1807 Robert Reynolds, the father of Gov. John Reynolds, purcha-sed a farm at the foot of the bluff, three or four miles, southwest of Edwardsville. Seven years before, the family had emigrated from Tennes- see and settled in Randolph county ; John Reynolds was then nineteen years of age. He says of this period of his life: I had with me my books and compass, and studied the math- ematics with care and attention at intervals, when I was not at work on the farm. I was called on to do jobs of survey- ing, which I performed tolerably well, as all parties conclu- ded. When my father arrived in Goshen, it was the most beautiful country that I ever saw. It had been settled only a few years, and the freshness and beauty of nature reigned over it to give it the sweetest charms. I have spent hours on the bluff, ranging my view up and down the American Bottom, as far as the eye could extend. The ledge of rocks at the present city of Alton, and the rocks near Cahokia, limited our view north and south, and all the intermediate country extended before us. The prairie and timber were distinctly marked, and the Mississippi seen in places. " This was Gov. Reynolds' home till he began the practice of law at Cahokia in 1814, though he was absent for some time attending school in Tennessee. He relates that he at- tended all the house raisings and other gatherings of the people. No horse-race, or Fourth of July frolic, escaped him. He speaks of being present at the camp-meeting, the first in Illinois, held on the premises of Mr. Good, three miles south of the present Edwardsville, in the spring of 1807, and also of taking part in muster at Cahokia the same spring at which all the militia of St. Clair county (in HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. which the territory of the present Madison county was then included) gathered. Many women and children, as well as men, attended. In those days women often rode on horse- back many miles, carrying their children with them, to places of public resort. At this muster, a troop of cavalry was training, exchanging blank shots with the infantry, when a company of French, from Cahokia, either by mistake or otherwise, tired leaden shot into the cavalry company, wounding many of the men and horses. At that time a bad state of feeling existed between the French and Americans, and at the next training the regiment was divided, so that the two races mustered apart from each other. Reynolds also refers to a horse race.of which he was a witness, that took place on the Fourth of July, 1808, on the prairie in the American Bottom, a little northwest of the residence of Samuel Judy. Rattan's prairie was given its name from the circumstance that Thomas Rattan settled here in 1804. He came to Ill- inois from Ohio ; some time after the war of 1812-14 he re- moved to the present county of Greene. Toliver Wright, a Virginian by birth, settled near the mouth of Wood river in 180C. He was a captain in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14, and while in command of a company of spies, on a march to Peoria, he was shot by an Indian. He was carried back to Wood River fort, and died in six weeks after receiving his wound. Abel Moore made his home in the Wood river settlement in 1808. He was born in North Carolina, thence removed to Kentucky, and from that state came to Illinois. He died in 1846 at the age of sixty-three. The death of his wife occurred one day previous. Two of his children were killed in the Wood river massacre. Three of the children are yet living, of whom two reside in this county, the wife of Madison Williams and Major Franklin Moore of Upper Alton. George and William Moore, brothers of Abel Moore, left Kentucky at the same time, 1808, but went to the Boone's Lick country in Missouri, from which, in 180J they came to Madison county. The Reagan family some of the members of which were the victims of Indian ferocity in the Wood river massacre, came to the Wood river settlement about the same time as the Moores. ■ George and Thomas Davidson, natives of South Carolina, settled in the southeastern part of township five, range nine, in 1806, George Davidson estal)li.shed a tannery as early as 1810. Thomas Davidson for many years was a Justice of the Peace. John Atkins came to Illinois in 1807 and settled near the Mississippi, four or five miles above the present town of Venice. He was born in Massachusetts, and had been a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Near the present Mitchell station Andrew Emert, a Pennsylvanian, settled in 1807. Thomas Kirkpatriek made the pioneer improvement on the site of Edwardsville, and in the same part of the county south and south-east of the present county seat. James Kirk- patriek, Frank Kirkpatriek, William Gillham, Charles Gillham, Thomas Good, George Barn.sback, George Kin- der, John Robinson, Frank Roach, James Holliday, Bryant Mooney, Josias Randle, Thomas Handle, Jesse Bell, Josias Wright, made early settlements. William Gillham was one of the early representatives of Madison county in the legis- lature. On the farm of Thomas Good, whose wife was an earnest Methodist, the early camp meetings were held. The Handle, Bell, and Wright families left Georgia together, in September, 1811, and i-eached Turkey Hill, in St. Clair county, on the seventeenth of October, and shortly afterward made their homes in Madison county. Josias Raudle became the first clerk of the circuit court. Josias Wright settled the Shaefl'er place, two miles and a half southwest of Edwards- ville ; George Barnsback was born at Osterode, Germany, in 1781. In 1797 he came to America, landing at Philadelphia, but soon afterward going to Kentucky, where for some years he was overseer of a plantation. From Kentucky he trav- elled to Charleston, South Carolina, and there took passage for Germany, in a vessel which was shipwrecked in the Eng- lish Channel. He returned to Kentucky in 180.^, and in 1809 came to what is now Madi.son county. He served two years in the ranging service, during the war of 1812-14. In 1824 he went to Germany, and in 1825 came back to the United State-i. For six years he lived in St. Francois county, Mis- souri, and then came back to his old farm, six miles south- east of Edwardsville. He had ten children. Among his descendants are some of the leading citizens of the county. George Kinder was born in Pennsylvania. Soon after the Revolution the family moved to Kentucky, where his father, Jacob Kinder, was killed by the Indians. He moved from Kentucky to Illinois, and settled in what is now Madison county, in the fall of 1811. James Holliday came from Georgia. His sou, Robert Holliday, resided in this county many years, and then moved to Macoupin county, where he died. South-west of Edwardsville, at the foot of the bluff, Am- brose and David Nix were early settlers, and above them lived Jacob Varner. Abraham and Joel Varner were sons of the latter. Near the Nixs was Nix's ford, on the Caho- kia, a well-known place in the early history of the county, Joseph Bartlett, and families by the name of Lockhart and Taylor settled in township four, range seven, in 1809. Bartlett was a native of Virginia, born in 1772, and removed at an early period to the vicinity of Knoxville, Tennessee, and from there canje to Illinois in 1807 He first made his home in the Wood River settlement. During the war of 1812-14 he built a block-house, which was standing in good condition as late as 1834. Mr. Bartlett was a man of much intel- ligence. He was the first treasurer of Madison county after its organization. His habits were domestic, and he seldom went from home. He died in December, 1863, and for f rty- four years previous to his death, had not visited the city of St. Louis, though less than twenty-five miles distant from his residence. At the time of his last tri]) there, in 1819, the horse-ferry had just been established acro.ss the Mississippi. So little curiosity did he manifest in the march of modern improvements, that he never went to see a steamboat, or railroad, nor did he ever visit a county fair, a camp-meeting, or any like public gathering. He spent much time with his books, and his mind was well-stored with information, espe- cially in regard to Politics. He was a Whig. He had a 80 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. large and well-selected library, and was particularly well versed in the early history of Tennessee, in which state he lived before coming to Illinois. Besides acting as county treasurer he filled the office of justice of the peace, and other public positions. Paul Beck was one of the early residents of this part of the county, and about three miles east of Edwardsville was built Beck's block-house, one of the places of refuge during the Indian troubles of the war of 18r2-14. Jubilee Posey, a native of Georgia, came to Illinois in 1811, and settled in township four, range eight. He was in the ranging service ; some of his descendants reside in the southern part of the county. In the southeastern part of the county the first traca^ of settlement appear in 1809. Mrs. Howard, a widow with several grown sons and daughters, emigrated from Tennessee that year, and made her home on a beautiful ridge, covered Avith timber, on the edge of the Looking Glass prairie. The prairie, for a distance of many miles, was spread out before their view. Their location was about one mile northwest of the present town of Highland. The next year 1810, Abraham Huser, who had married one of the Howard daughters, began makiig an improvement nearly a mile farther north. At that time these settlements were in ad- vance of all others, in that part of the county. Ten miles to the south, a short distance north of the present town of Lebanon, a few white men had erected their cabins; like- wise to the east, on Shoal creek, some settlements had been made, and to the east were the improvements on Ridge Prai- rie, near the present towns of Troy and Edwardsville, but on the north not a single white man had erected hisjjioneer habitation. On the east side of Silver creek, between 1810 and 1812, settlements were made by John Lindley, Augustus Chilton, William Chilton, Cyrus Chilton, and families by the name of Harrison and Smeltzer, with the Howards and Husers. There were eleven families in all in this part of the county to seek the protection of Chilton's Fort during the troubles with the Indians in the war of 1812-14. MONKS OF LA TRAPPE. A different order of emigrants made their appearance in 1807 in the Monks of La Trappe who made their home on Cabokia or Monk's Mound where they remained till 1816, when they returned to France. These Monks were a branch of the order of Cistercian Monks. They first came to the United States in 1804, and lived successively atConewango, Pennsylvania, in Kentucky, at Florissant, St. Louis county, Missouri, and then settled on the mound in the American Bottom which was a gift to them of Col. Nicholas Jarrot, of Cahokia. They were severe in their penances and discipline, and lived in perpetual silence. Gov. Reynolds states : " I saw many of the order, at their monastery in the American Bottom who refused to speak, but made signs, pointing to the place to obtain information. Many whom I saw, were stout, robust men, badly clothed, but fat and hearty." To them is attributed the discovery of coal in the neighboring blufls. THE SETTLEMENTS, DURING THE WAR OF 1812-14. In the year 1812, at the time of the commencement of the Indian hostilities, the settlements in the present Madison county were confined to the southern and western parts of the county. The centre of population was a short distance southwest of Edwardsville, north, along the Mississippi, the settlements were bounded by the site of the present city of Alton, which, in 1809, Reynolds says, Andy Dunnagan occupied, solitary and alone. A settlement of some consi- derable number of families had formed in the forks of Wood river ; east of Silver creek, in the southeast part of the county, not more than a dozen families had made pioneer locations. Ridge prairie and the American Bottom con- tained by far the largest number of inhabitants. INDIAN TROUBLES. With the exception of the murder of Dennis and Van Meter in 1802, the settlements were happily spared any Indian atrocities till the year 1811, when the hostile feelings of the Indians, which bad been growing stronger, year by year, as they witnessed the advance of the white settlements, culminated in the murder of a man named Price near Hun- ter's Spring in the lower part of the present city of Alton. Price and a companion were engaged in plowing on the 20th day of June in that year, when a party of Indians approach- ed them, as they stood at the spring, where a small cabin had been built. As the Indians came near, the white men asked them if they came in peace. One of the Indians, a man of great size and strength, laid down his gun, and ex- tended his hand to Price, who took it without suspecting treachery. Price was held fast by this one Indian, while the others immediately murdered him. During the struggle Price's companion mounted his horse and escaped, though in his flight he received a severe bullet wound in the thigh. This tragedy occasioned great apprehension, and from that time, till the declaration of peace at the close of the war of 1812-14 the settlers lived in constant alarm. Pre- parations for defence were immediately made. In July, 1811, a company of mounted riflemen, or rangers, was organized. Block houses were built at difl^erent points. The news of the battle of Tippecanoe, fought in November of the same year, intensified the excitement, and gave the settlers to understand that their homes, at any moment, might be made the theatre of a cruel, and relentless^ savage warfare. A stockade fort was built in section one, of township four, range nine, and around this were gathered a number of families. Amongthem were John Gillhara and his five sons ; three brothers of the name of Brown, three of the Kirkpa- tricks, and families by the name of Dunnagan, Sanders, Fer- gurson, Dodd, Revis, Beeman, Winsor, Celver, Green, and Smith. Thomas Kirkpatrick's fort at Edwardsville shelter- ed the inhabitants who had settled in that vicinity, and Chilton's fort, east of Silver creek, about two miles west of the present town of St. Jacobs gave jirotection to the Howards, the Gigers, the Chiltons, and others who had settled in that part of the county. There were other block houses at vari- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 81 ou? points, one on the southeast quarter of section eighteen, township five, range eight, known as Jones' block-house. James Kirkpatrick's fort was a couple of miles southwest of Edwardsville, and southeast was Frank Kirkpatrick's fort. Beck's block-house stood on section five of township four, range seven. Lofton's and Hayes' block-houses were in the American Bottom, in the present Naineoki township. The Wood river fort was in section ten, of township five, range nine, and there was another fort about one mile south of the old town of Milton. In IS 12, active preparations were made under Ninian Edwa-ds, the territorial Governor, for the protection of the frontier. Companies of mounted rangers' were organized who scoured the Indian country. Fort Russell was built at the commencement of the year, a couple of miles north of the present town of Edwardsville, and made the head- quarters of the Governor, and the base of his military opera- tions. Reynolds states that it was also, during the war, " the resort of the talent and fashion of the country. The Governor opened his court here, and presided with the character that genius and talent always bestow on the per- son possessing them. The cannon of Louis XIV, of France, were taken from old Fort Chartres, and with them and other military decorations, Fort Russell blazed out with considerable pioneer splendor." The fort received its name in honor of Col. William Russell, of Kentucky, who had command of the ten companies of rangers, organized by act of Congress, to defend the western frontier. Four of these companies were allotted to the defense of Illinois, and were commanded by William B. Whiteside, James B. Moore, Jacob Short and Samuel Whitiside. The Whitesides were citizens of this county. A small company of regulars, under command of Captain Ramsey, were stationed at Fort Rus- sell for a few months of the year 1812, the only regular troops at the fort during the war. Andrew Moore and family, moved fiom the Goshen set- tlement in 1810 to a place ten or fifteen miles southwest of the present town of Mt. Vernon, and in 1812, he and his son were killed by the Indians on the middle fork of the Big Muddy, where they had camped on their way home from Jordan's fort. AVOOD RIVER MASSACRE. The most startling and cruel atrocity ever committed by the Indians within the limits of Madison county was the Wood River massacre, on the tenth of July, 1814, by which seven persons, one woman and six children, lost their lives. This tragedy took place in the forks of Wood river, between two and three miles east of the present Upper Alton. The victims were the wife and two children of Reason Reagan, two children of Abel Moore, and two children of William Moore. At the beginning of the war of 1812-14, the citizens of the county, who lived at exposed locations on the frontier, sought refuge in _the forts and block-houses; but, as no Indians made their appearance and the Rangers were con- stantly on the alert, scouring the country to the north and east, the most began to feel su secure that in the summer of 11 1814 they returned to their farms and dwellings. There were .six, or eight families residing at that time in the forks of Wood river. The men were mostly absent from home in ranging service. At the residence of George Jloore on the east branch of Wood river, a block-house had been built to which the women and children could flee .should danger be apprehended. The massacre occurred on a Sabbath afternoon. Reagan had gone two, or three miles from home to attend church, leaving his wife and two children at the house of Abel Moore, which was about a mile distant from where he lived, and half-way between his house and the block-house. About four o'clock in the afternoon ^Irs. Reagan started back to her own dwelling, intending to return to Abel Moore's in a short time. She was accompanied by her own two children, and the four children of Abel and William Moore. A little afterward two men of the neighborhood pa.ssed along the road, in an opposite direction to that taken by Mrs. Reagan. One of them heard at a certain place, a low call, as of a boy, which he did not answer, and for a repetition of which he did not delay. When it began to grow dark uneasiness was felt at the ab- sence of the Moore children, and William Moore came to Abel Moore's, and not finding them there passed on toward Reagan's, while his wife started in a direct line, not follow- ing the road, for the same place. William Moore now came back with the startling information that some one had been killed by the Indians. He had discovered a human body lying on the ground which by reason of the darkness and his haste, he was unable to identify. The first thought was to find a refuge in the block-house ! Mr. Moore desired his brother's family to go by the road directly to the fort, while he would pa.=s by his own house and take his own family with him, but the night was dark, the road passed through a heavy forest, and the women and children chose to accompany William Moore though the dis- tance to the fort, by the road only one mile, was thereby nearly doubled. The feelings of the party, as they groped their way through the dark woods, may be more easily im- agined than described. Sorrow fur the supposed loss of rel- atives and children, was mingled with horror at the manner of their death, and fear for their own safety. Silently they passed on till they came to the dwelling of William Moore, when he exclaimed, as if relieved from .some dreadful appre- hension, " Thank God, Polly is not killed!" The horse which his wife had ridden was standing near the house. As they let down the bars and gained admission to the yard, his wife came running out, exclaiming, " They are killed by the Indians, I expect. " The whole party then departed hastily for the block-house, to which place, all the neighbors, to whom warning had been communicated by signals, gathered by daybreak. It has been mentioned that Mrs. William Moore, as well as her husband, had gone in search of the children. Passing by different routes, they did not meet on the way, nor at the place of the slaughter. Mrs. Moore who was on horseback, carefully noted, as she went, every discernible object till at length she saw a human figure, lying near a log. There was 82 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. not sufficient light to tell the size, or sex, of the person, and she called over agaiu and again the name of one and another of her children, supposing it to be one of them asleep. At length she alighted, and examined the object more closely. Wh it must have been her sensations as she placed her hand upon the back of a naked corpse, and felt, on further exami- nation, the quivering flesh from which the scalp had recent- ly been torn ? In the gloom of the night she could indis- tinctly see the figure, of the little child of Mrs Reagan's sit- ting so near the body of its mother as to lean its head, first one side, then the other, on the insensible and mangled body, and as she leaned over the little one, it said— " The black man raised his axe and cutted them again." She saw no further, but thrilled with horror and alarm, hastily re- mounted her frightened horse, and quickly hurried home where she heated water, intending by that means, to defend herself from the savage foe. There was little rest that night at the fort. The women and children of the neighborhood, with the few men who were not absent with the Rangers, crowded together, not knowing but that at any minute the Indians might begin their attack. Seven were missing, and the bodies of these lay within a mile, or two, mangled and bleeding in the for- est. At three o'clock in the m )rniug a messenger was dis- patched with the tidings to Fort Russell. At dawn of day tlie scene of the tragedy was sought and the bodies gathered for burial. They were buried the same day, in three graves, carefully dug, with boards laid beneath, beside, and above the bodies. There were no men to make the coffins. "The Indians had built a large fire, and also blazed the way to make the whites think that there was a large pirty. The news soon spread, and it was not long before Gen. Whiteside, with nine others, gave pursuit. Among the number were James Preuitt, Abraham Preuitt, James Stock- den, Wm. Montgomery, Peter Wagoner and others, whose descendants now live in Moro and AVood River. The weather was extremely hot, and some of their horses gave out and fell beneath their riders. Gen. Whiteside gave out entirely. His orders was to keep up the pursuit. It was on the second day in the evening, that they came in .sight of the Indians, on the dividing ridge of the Sangamon river. There stood at that time a lone cotton-wood free on the ridge, and this several of the Indians had climbed to look back. They saw their pursuers, and from that tree they separat.d and went in ditterent directions, all making for the timber- When the whites c^me to the spot where the Indians had divided, they concluded to divide and pursue the Indians separately. James Preuitt and Abraham took the trail of one of the Indians. James Preuitt having the fastest and best horse, soon came within sight of his Indian. He rode up to within thirty yards of him and shot him in the thigh. The Indian fell, but managed to get to a tree top that was blown down. Abraham Preuitt soon came up, and they concluded to ride in on the Indian and fiui h him, which they did by Abraham shooting and killing him where he lay. In his shot-pouch was found the scalp of Mrs. Regan. The Indian raised his gun, but was too weak to fire. and had also lost his flint, or perhaps he might have killed one of the pursuers. The rifle is supposed to be in the hands of the Preuitt family yet. It was somewhere near where Virden now stands that the party came upon them. The Indians hid in the timber and in a drift in the creek. Night coming on is all that saved them. It was ascertained at the treaty afterwards at G.ileua that only Indians escaped, and that wa.s the chief The Indians bled themselves on account of the heat to prevent them from fainting. Solomon Preuitt, who was not in the pursuit, assisted in the burial of Mrs. Reagan and the children. He hauled them in a little one- hor.se sled to the old burial ground south of Bethalto, where a simple stone marks their last resting place. There is also buried in the same burying ground an Indian girl who was captured by Abraham Preuitt during one of the campaigns in the war of 1812. The Indians had been pursued into the Winnebago Swamps, and Abraham Preuitt hearing firing in a distant part of the swamp concluded to go and see what was the matter. On nearing the spot he found Davis Car- ter and one other firing at the little Indian child who was mired and could not get out. He called them cowards and ordered them to cease firing at a helpless child. Preuitt went into the swamp and rescued the child and brought it home with him. She lived to the age of fifteen, being about six years old at the time of capture. She was always of a wild nature." * CITIZENS OF THE C'OVNTY IN 1815. A " list of persons subject to road labor," preserved in the county records, gives, doubtless, the names of the great portion of the adult male resi.lents of the county at that time.f Oq the " public road leading from Edwardsville by Thomas Good's to Samuel Judy's." These lived south of Edwardsville in the present Edwardsville township: — William Sherone, John Robertson, sr., John Robertson, jr , James Robertson,! Andrew Black, Charles Gillham, Francis Kirkpatrick, William Gillham, Thomas Good, James Good, Ezekiel Good, William Tilford, Josias Randle, James Wat- son, Richard Wright, Joshua Dean, William Courtney (17). On the " public road, leading from the New Bridge on Cahokia creek near Edwardsville to where the said road crosses Indian creek." These lived north-west of Edwards- ville: — Thomas Kirkpatrick, John Kirkpatrick, John New- man, John Stout, Upton Smith, Richard Standford, Josiah Vaughan, William Mmtgomery, James Gillham, Andrew Dunagan, Ryderus Gillham, Ephraim Davidson, Joseph White, John Hewitt, John Springer, John Fullmore, Silas Beasley, Field Bradshaw, Jonas Brad haw, Obadiah Brad- shaw, William Lawle-s, Rowland Heritt, Michael Dodd. Ou the " public road leading from Edwardsville to Isom Gillham's bridge on Cahokia cretk," James Kirkpatrick overseer: — Benjamin Stedmans, Beniah Roberson,J John McKinney, Henry Bonner, John W. Wright, Jamfs ®From an article famished by E. K. Preuitt. fThespi'lling is given as fovinrl in the record, much of it obviously incorrect. + Properly spelled Poblnson. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. S3 Wright, James Greenwood, Thomas Randle, Temple Nix, Thornton Scepler, Robert Giliaspy,* IsomGillhani, Micajah Cox, John Baruett, James Suggs, sr., Alexander V. Boiiuer, James Kirkpatrick, George Coventry, Joshua Delaplane, Samuel Delaplane, John Ddlaplane, sr., Bejamin Dela- plane, jr., William Ottvvell, William Lawless, Jesse Bell, George Davidson, Samuel Davidson (27). Oa the 'public road leading from Cahokia to the Indian Ford on C ihokia creek." These resided in the American Bottom in the southeastern part of the county: — Uel Whiteside, William B. Whiteside, James Reynolds, Robert Reynolds, jr, Thomas Reynolds, Joshua Vaughan, Elisha Alexander, Joseph Wallace, Henry Cook, Hiram Arthur, Cornelius Folly, Ambrose Nix, William Cox, John Craw- ford, Samuel Judy, Jacob Judy, Robert Folly, Thomas Smith, Francis Cohue, John Cook, Philip Hewson, Peter Hubbard, George Belsha, (23). Ou the public road beginning at David Moore's old place (on Cahokia and Indian Ford road) and ending at the bridge on Cantine creek : — David Lloyd, Thomas Moore, Michael Squire, William Winkfield, Gearge Sadler, John Sadler, Stephen Sadler, William Robb sr , Andrew Robb, William Robb, jr., Joseph Newman, Haley, John Waggoner. (13). On the public road from Isom Gillham's ferry on the Mississippi to Indian creek, where the public road crosses said creek leading to Edwardsville : — Isaac Gillham, Samuel Gillham, Harry Gillham, David Gillham, Jacob C. Gillham, Samuel Brown, Samuel Stockton, John Fiuley, John Powell, Joseph LeH()U3e, Gherson Patterson, Ethan Meacham, Willeritt Meacham, Bart Meacham, Joseph JleFaggin, William Ryon, Thomas Cox, Hezekiah Crozby, Joseph Meacham, Daniel Stockton, (20). What is known as the upper r.jad running from Edwards- ville to Alton was laid out in 1817. and the following are the names of persons then living within two miles of the road, who assisted in its opening. The names begin with those residing near Edwardsville, the eastern terminus: William Jones, John Newman, Zadoc Newman, Joseph Newman, David Robinson, John Green, William Robinson, Samuel Delaplane, Joshua Delaplane, John Delaplane, Sr., John Delaplane, jr., William Ottwell, Jesse Bill, George I Davidson, William Lawless, William Sharone, Thomas White, Henry Brown, Brown, Hunter, Hun- ! ter, Joseph Vaughan, John Hewitt, jr., Hiram Pruitt, Ben. Wood, Christopher Stont, John Stout, Christopher Stubbins, [ James Mc Peak, Upton Smith, John Drum, James McFad- 1 den, William Ryon, John Vickory, Mr. Gibbs, Mr. Grimes, Mr. Whitlock, William Vaughan, Thomas Carlin, Mr. Coop- er, Mr. Scott, John Rose, Richard Rotan,t William Mont- gomery, William Cox, Isaac Cox, Charles Gillham, John Gillham, R. Gillham, James Gillham, Thomas Cox, James Tunnel, Silas Bobsell, Jacob Linder, Low Jackson, Field ' Bradshaw, Jonas jJradshaw, Obediah Bradshaw, Arman i Beeman, John Springer, Walter Sealy, Daniel Dunsmore, R. Langworth, Joel Meacham, Ethan Meacham, old Mr. J Hodge, David Hodge, old Mr. Morris, Job Day, Isham S'Gille.'ipie. fKattan. Shockley, James Swinerton, A. Patton, old Mr. Beeman, S. Beeman, John Finley, Hezekiah Crosby, Mr. Huff, Thonuis Johnson, ;Mr. Tongate, K. Carter, James Prewitt, A Prewitt, James Stogdon, John Danley, William Rowden, Pa'rick Mofall and Robert Sellers This road was viewed and lo- cated by Thomas G Davidson, John Wallace and Abraham Prickett. SUBSEQUENT SETTLEMENTS. After the war of 1812-14 was ended, the settlements in the ounty rapidly incraaseil. A treaty of peacs with the Indian tribes of the Northwest was concluded in October 1815. Emigrants from older States, who had been deterred from coming to Illinois by reason of the Indian hostilities, now poured into the country, and soon took possession of the hitherto unsettled parts of the county. In the year 1813, Major Isaac H. Ferguson built the first house ever erected on the Marine prairie, but after building it, did not dare to live there for some time on account of the hostile Indians. ISIaj )r Ferguson is spoken of by an old resident as the noblest pioneer of Madison county, a man of fine native talent, and as brave as Julius Ciiisar. He fought the Indian race in Illinois, and ended his life fighting under Gen. Scott, as an oflicer in the United States army in Mexico. Permanent settlements in the Marine prairie were made in 1813 and 181-t by John Warwick, John Woods, George Newcome, Isaac Ferguson, Joseph Furguson, Absolom Ferguson, Aquilla D olahide, Abraham Howard and Joshua Dean. In 1815, the settlements were increased by the arrival of Chester Pain, Thomas Breeze, Richard Winsor, John Campbell and John Giger ; and in the following year came Henry Scott, John Lord, James Simmons, Henry Peck, Andrew Matthews, Sr., and Andrew Matthews, Jr , Lefl^brd, French, James French, and Abram Carlock. In lnl7, there were no new settlements, but in 1818 and succeeding years the arrivals were very numerous. A colony, among which were Rowland P. Allen, Elijah Ellison, and their families, arrived at Edwardsville in December, 1817, and in 1818, Allen and Ellison came to the ]\Iarine settlement. Among the arrivals in 1819 were Capt. George C. Allen, Capt. Curtis Blakeman, Capt. James Breath, Capt. De Selhorst, Capt. David Mead and their families. These men had seen years of service on the ocean, and had come to the West to engage in agricul- ture, and rear their families. They came from New Eng- land, New York and New Jersey. The circumstances of their settling here gave to the prairie, and the village when it was founded, the name of Marine. The Judd family also settled here in 1819, as did James Sacket, a native of Con- necticut. Capt. Curtis Blakeman was one of the leading men of this colony. He came with considerable wealth while the others from the east had been mostly driven to Illinois either by poverty, or a desire to retrieve a fortune lost by commercial reverses. He was a candidate for county commissioner in 1820 and was elected to represent the county in the legislature in 1822. For a number of years he filled the office of justice of the peace. His son, Curtis Blake- man, was a prominent citizen of the county, and was elected a representative in the legislature in 1842. The wife of 81 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. John L. Ferguson was the daughter of Curtis Blakeman, Sr. Major Ferguson, and the older settlers, coming as they did, from the heavily timbered counties of Kentucky and Ten- nessee, all made clearings in the edges of the forest, and there bui't and lived. Rowland P. Allen was one of the first to build in the prairie, and was laughed at for his willingness to haul building material, fencing, and fire wood so far, a dis- tance of half a mile. But in a few years the older pioneers realized the advantages of a residence on the prairie, and began themselves to leave the gloom of the woods, and come out into the sunshine. Mrs. Elizabeth Randle with a family of nine children, seven sons and two daughters, the youngest of whom was Irwin B. Randle, now a resident of Edwardsville, removed from Stewart county, Tennessee, to this county in the fall of 1814, and the next year settled a couple of miles southeast from Edwardsville. Among the early settlers in the neighborhood of Troy were William F. Purviauce, John Jarvis, and Robert Mc- Mahan. Purviance was born in North Carolina, came to Illinois in 1809. After coming to this county he lived in the neighborhood of Troy, till his death in 1820. He was the last surviving member of the first grand jury ever con- vened in Madison county. Robert McMahan was born in Virginia, and at an early day emigrated to Lexington, Ken- tucky. He came to Illinois, and settled in the New Design, in the present county of Monroe. His wife and four children 'were killed by the Indians, and he and a daughter taken prisoner. He died near Troy in 1822. Note. — Several accounts liavs been published of the murder of the meraber-5 of McMahan's family and bis capture by tbe Indians, but ibe following, from tbe pen of George Churcbill, a neighbor of Mc- Mahan in Ridge Prarie, is the mo.st correct : "Tbe settlers being apprehensive of attacks from straggling parties of Indians, Mr McMahan, in 1794, resided in a house of Mr. James Lemjn, Sr., near tbe station in Mmroe county. In the simi vicin- ity resided Mr. Peter Casterline and Mr. Benjamin Ogle. But desir- ing to improve the land which he had selicted for bis farm, and hoping to escape an attack, or to repel it if made, he afterwards re- moved to his improvement in the prairie, about three miles from the station, and out of sight of any house. " He made preparations to defend himself and foraily against an at- tack. He bad a rifle, and only a week before the tragedy, he run two hundred rifle balls. He also bad a blunderbuss charged with six charges of powder and nine balls. " When you hear the report of any biundirbuss ! ' said he to his friends at the station, " you may be certain ibat I am attacked." The door of bis hou.se was so constructed that it might be strongly barred, and first holes were made in the walls through which be might shoot any who should attempt to asicend to ibe roof. On the fatal twenty si.xth of January, 1795, Mr. Mc- Mahan went out to hunt for his oxen, when he perceived that his horse, which was confined in a pen, appeared to be frightened. He cast bia eye over the prarie in every direction, but saw no enemy. " " A lone hickory tree, one hundred and fifty yards from his house, had been blown down tbe year before while in full leaf, thus affording a convenient hiding place for an attacking party : but unfortunately Mr. McMahan did not think of there being a deadly enemy ensconced within that convenient covert. ' " He entered bis house, but had not been there more than two or three minut&s, when four Indians, frightfully painted black and red, entered the bouse, two by two, saying ' Bon jour! Ion jour .' (good dav ! good dav) !' Thev stood motionless a few seconds, when one of them attempted to take down Mr. McMahan's rifle from tbe hook, and Mr. McMahan took down his bliniderbuss; but bis wife took hold of it, and begged her husband not to resist, as she hoped their lives might be spared, if they submitted peaceably, but otherwi.^e they would be killed. The Indians then seized tbe blunderbus-i and wrenchtd it from bis bands. Every one then made for the door. Mrs. McMahan run half way round the house, when she was shot in the left breast, and scalped. Mr. McMahan was then pulled back into the house, thrown on the floor, and his hands pinioned close behind him, with deer sinews. Sally McMahan, his eldest daughter, then less than nine years old, remained in tbe house and saw one of the In- dians knock her brother and two of her sisters in tbe head with tbe poll of his tomahawk. It was a light blow, only sufficient to stun them. This Indian was proceeding to open tbe cradle where lay a female infant, only one month old, when Sally ran out of the house, and once around it when she was also seized by him. ' " Tbe Indian who committed tbe murder was sujiposed to be of the Miami tribe. Tbe other three were Pu-taw-wabs as they call them- selves, or as they are commonly called by the whites, Poltowatomies. " " Three of the children were scalped. It was said that the infant was not scalped, but my informant stated that the Indians displayed five scalps when they camped at night, and they supposed they took two scalps from tbe head of one of tbe murdered children, and left the infant unscalped. It has also been stated that the infant was unhurt and died of starvation ; but my informant learned from a woman who was present at the burial, that there was a gash in its cheek. '' " Tbe Indians took from the bouse such articles as they wanted, packed a part of them upon Mr. McMahan, one of whose hinds was untied, so that he might carry his load: and with their captives, left in haste for their home in the northeast part of Illinois. Mr. McMahan meditated an escape, but did not make known his intention to his daughter. Tbe first night of the journey he saw no chance of escape, as tbe Indians had tied him very securely, and had taken away his sho.s and bat and part of his clothes. But during tbe second night, be quietly slipped oft" the cords from his limbs and body, and was about to rise when be perceived that one of the Indians wis awake. Waiting till the Indian was again asleep, he made his escape, after trying in vain to get possession of his shoes. In the dead of winter, without shoes, without food, and with scanty clothing, he left bis daughter with her captor.s, and endeavored to make his way to the New Design. He lay out one cold night, making his bed of leaves under a large fallen tree, which was held up frum tbe ground by its branches. He was partially frozen, but the next morning resumtd his journey. He now had the pleasure of meeting a friend in the person of Col. Samuel Judy, who gave him the necessary directions, which he pursued, and reached his home just after his wife and four children had been committed by their sympathizing neighbors, to one common grave. He prostrated himself upon the grave exclaiming, ' They were lovely in their lives, and in their deaths they were not divided! Tbe massacre took placeon Monday, and the burial on tbe succeed- ing Friday. \ small dog belonging to Mr. McMahan daily visited the residence of Mr. James Lemen, sen., and endeavored, by whining to inform the people of what had happened to his master's families. But for several days they did not comprehend the dog's message. One authority says not until old Mr. Judy had discovered the dead bodies, and reported tbe fact at the station. " 'Let ns now rv turn to the Indians and their remaining captive. They i)ur6ued their course, and reacbid tbe home of the Putawwabs southwest of Lake Michigan. Sally McMahan was here transferred to an Ottawa Indian, who had become a chief of the Putawwabs and whose wife was a sister of the three Putawwabs who had been concerned in the massacre. The name of this chief was Sukkonok, which being translated means Blackbird ; but among tbe whites he went by tbe name of Leturneau. Here the Indian women cultivated their gardens and " truck patches, " with a neatness worthy of com- mendation and imitation, not permitting a solitary weed to grow therein. " HISTORY OF MADISOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 85 John Jarvis was a Virginian \!13, to May 1819. Much diversity appears between the list of licenses and certificates. Where the authority by which the parties were married was a license, " L " is affixed, and " Ad." where it was by advertisement. The latter was common in the earlier years. It is some source of satisfac- tion, even at this late day, to observe that John Cressup and Agnes Manning, to whom a license was given on the third of May, 1819, on condition that there should be no objections, on the part of the parents, were married the same day, as appears by the certificate : 18J3.— Jan. 29. James McKinney to Nancy Lotkhart, by Rev. Josias Randle.L. Feb. 19. John Lawton toPatey Hill, by Rev. William Jones Ad. Mar. 9. William York to Betsey Kitchens, by Thomas Davidson, Esq. Ad. Mar. 25. William Ogle to Isabella Kyle, by Thomas Davidson, Esq. Ad. Apr. 8. Jobn Hapton to Harriet Stubblefield, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Apr. 9. James Sullivan to Pliebe Hutton, by Rev. Josias Rami le, L. May 3. Joshua Renfro to Pher.iby Revis, by Rev. James Renfro. L. June 24. Daniel G. Moor to Frankey Jarvis, by Rev. Josias Randle. L. July 2. Thomas Wadkins to Polly Green, by Thomas Davidson, Ivq. Ad. Aug. 10. James Wright to Millitson Greenwood. Aug. 31. Samuel Huton to Peggy Wright, by Rev. Josias Randle. L. Nov. 25. William Furgurson to H.innah Green, by Thomas G. David, son, Esq. Ad. Nov. 19, George Wise to Elizabeth Jones, by Rev, Joseph Lemcn. L. Nov. Joseph Ferguson to Jane Gragg. L. Nov. 25, Daniel Johnson to Siis.mna Smelser, by Thomas Davidson, Esq. Ad. Dec. 23- John Giliham to Elizabeth Gillham, b/ J\idge John G. Lofton. Ad. 1814.— Jan. 1. Thomas Green to Nelly Desha. L. Jan 4. Samuel G. Morse to Polly Kirkpatrick, by William Gillham, Esq. L. Jan. 5. Anthony Thomas to Cynthia Scott, by Judge John G. Lofton. Jan. 5. John Davidson to Margaret Gillham, by Judge John G. Lofton. Jan. 20. John Enox to Marjory Ferguson, by Thomas G, Davidson, Esq. Ad. Feb. 10. William Sharone to Keziab Robinson, by Judge John G, Lofton. L. Feb, 16. Hardy Willbanks to Susanna Gillham, by Judge .Tohn G. Lofton. Ad. Apr. 2. Mills Whitley to Elizabeth Littleby, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Apr. 2. Thomas Finley to Mary Little, Rev. William Jones. Ad. May Timothy Lamber.son to Rebekah Furguson. L. May John Hawks to Jliss. McFarlin. L. June 14. William Kelley to-Rebekah McMahan. L. Dec. 13. Thomas Carlau to Rebeckah Hewitt, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Dec. 13. William Montgomery to Sarah Rattan, by Rev William Jones. 181.5. — Jan. 5. Jubilee Posey to Caty Smith, by Rev. Josias Randies, L, Feb. 2. Jesse Bell to Susan Meacliam, by Rev. Josias Randle. L. Feb. 2. William Wood to Polly Cox, by Rev. William Jones. L. Feb. 4. William Ferguson to Polly Poggett, by Thomas G. David- son, Esq. Ad. Feb. 14. Philip Peter to Rebeckah Robinson, by Rev. Charles R. Mathenay. L. Mar 18. William Rowdcn toLavi"ia Prewitt, by John Springer, Esq. Ad.' Oct. 17. Thoma-s Blakenship to Hannah Carter, by Rev William Jone.^, Ad. Nov, 5. John Jones to Mary Wright, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Nov. 19. James Beeman to Litha Odle, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Nov. 23 Hiram Beck to Nancy Sams, by Rev. William .Tones. L. Nov. 28. Martin Jones to Margaret Hutton, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Djc 14. Thomas Green to Rody Hegans, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Dec. 16. Solomon Revis to Polly Green, by John Springer, Esq. Ad, 1816.— Jan. 21. Mathew Cowin to Betsey Hewitt, by Rev. WiHiam Jones. Ad. Feb. 5. Young Wood to Polly Ewin, by Rev. William Jones. Ad- HIS TO BY OF MADISON COUXTY, ILLINOIS. 91 Mar. 14. Israel Turner to Caty Stioe, by Rev. Rivers Cormack. L. Apr. 2. Samuel SeyboIU to Tamar Pickering, by Rev. Rivers Cor- inack. L. Apr. S. ICvans Smith to Hannah Tiirner, bv Rev. Rivers Cormack. L. June 4. Samuel Thomas to Elizabeth Islev, by Rtjv. William Jones. L. Aug. 5. Samuel Stockton to Lorahama Patterson. Ad. Dec. .Samuel Beaman to Polly Snielser. L. Dec. 13. Jeptha Lampkins to Jean Kirkpatrick, by Abraham Prit- chelt, Esq. L. Dec. 19. John Green to Nancy Means. L. 1817. — Feb. 6. David Fuukner to Lydia Baeman, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Feb. 11. William Atkins to Elizabeth Emert. L. Feb. 11. David Canady to Mary Cyles. L. Feb. 13. William Wyatt to Rachel Kitchens, l)y Rev. William Jones. L. Feb. IG. Alexander V. Bonner to Huldah Foster, by John T. Lusk, Esq. L. Feb. IS. James Hareford to Patience Jones, by Thomas G. Davidson, Esq. Ad. JIar. 2-5. Jonas Bradshaw to Betsey Sawyers, by John T. Lusk, Erris, widow, by John T. Lusk, Esq. L. 181S.— Jan. 15. JolmCammel to L;vina P.ickerson, by John Hone, Esq. L. Jan. 23. Alexander S. Biram to PuUy Wood, by Rev. William Jones. L. Mar. IS. Lorenzj Eiwards to P.it. Moses Fiuley to S.iUy Scott, by Rev. William Jones. Ad. Apr, 18. Thomas Ferguson to Betsey Meilford, bv Hail Mason, Esq L. May 28. George Allen to Polly Gibb.s, by Thomas G. D.ivid.son, Rsq. L. Mav 20 John Crawford to Gassy llolcoiiib, by John McKinney, Ercquired for light loads. Ox teams were the best and the most commonly used, though some preferred horses. The oxen could live on the grass and do good work. There were a few large four-horse wagons in which people had moved into the country. In later years a few of the well-to-do farmers got a Dearborn wagon, drawn by one horse. One of the old residents of the county states that it was not till 1837 that he ever heard the name of a buggy, and it wag about the same date when two-horse wagons began to come into use. Salt was one of the dearest of the commodities which the pioneer settler absolutely needed. It was in early times ob- tained in St. Louis. At one time a man landed a boat and left a few barrels of salt for sale with Isaac Gillham on the Mississippi. This was sold among the farmers in the vicinity at nine dollars a barrel. As much as seven dollars was at times, i)aid for a half bushel. In 1818 salt sold at took a dram out of it as it p.ns.'sed around. No sitting was indulged in, and tlie folks eillicr stood or danced all night, as generally day- light ended the frolic. The dress of these liardy pioneers was gene- rally plain homespun. The hunting shirt was much worn at that time, which is a convenient working or dancing dress. Sometimes dressed deer-skin pantaloons were used on these occasions, and mocca- sins — rarely shoes — and at times bare feet were indulged in. In the morning all go home on horseback or on foot. No carriages, wagons, or other vehicles were used on these occasions, for the best of reasons, because they had none." Edwardsville for three dollars a bushel, and in 1821 at one dollar. Whisky was cheap, and frequently could be bought at twenty-five cents a gallon by the barrel. Several distilleries were erected at an early period, and some of the larger farmers hauled their corn to them, and had it manu- factured into whisky, the distiller taking half by way of toll. Coflfee and sugar were expensive, and considered luxuries not to be indulged in every day. Their use was reserved for old people and visitors. Wild honey was often used in place of sugar. Because of the scarcity of mills and the difficulty of travelling to them, hominy, green corn, beans and potatoes, often supplied the table to the exclusion of bread. Every farmer calculated as much on having his barrel of honey when winter came as on having a supply of corn or other provisions. Hence bee-hunting was common. Gershom Flagg writes back to Vermont in 1819 : "There are more honey bees in the territory, I suppose, than in any other place in the world. I have heard the hunters say that they have found eight, or ten, swarms in a day on the St. Gama (Sangamon) and Illinois rivers, where there are no settlements. Truly this must be the land of milk and honey." ^ PKAIRIE FIRES. A settler on the prairie, in early days, was in constant dread, in the fall of the year, of prairie fires. A fire started in the high, dry grass would sweep over the prairie faster than a horse could run. Each settler usually burned off a strip of ground surrounding his farm, and thus prevented the flames from destroying his crop and buildings. The neighbors would frequently be engaged in fighting the fire till midnight in the eflbrt to save the property of some of their number from destruction. PIONEER SCHOOLS AND CIIUECIIE.S. The first camp meeting in Illinois was held near the residence of Thomas Good, about three miles south of tiie present town of Edwardsville, in the spring of 1807. This meeting was under the supervision of the Rev. William McKendree, then presiding elder of circuits covering Ohit^ Kentucky, Tennessee, and other western states, and who in 1808 became the fourth bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. Jesse Walker was an assistant preacher. Reynolds states that during this meeting many persons were curiously exercised by the "jerks," an involuntary exercise which made the victims sometimes dance and leap until they became entirely exhausted and fell helpless to the ground. Later in the season a camp-meeting was held at Shiloh, six miles north-east of Belleville. The old Bethel church in Madison county, and the Shiloh church iu St. Clair county were the two earliest Methodist churches in Illinois. Religious meetings had been held among the pioneers several years previous to 1807. As early as the fall of 1803 Methodist ministers made their appearance. Regular re- ligious services were usually held about once in four weeks. Their two-days meetings and quarterly meetings were well attended. Of the resident Methodist preachers in the 96 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. county, ill earl)' times, Josias Ratidle, for many years clerk of the court, wiis among the be.-^t known. A Baptist church was built on section 24, township 5, range 0, in the year 1809. The building was a small cabin constructed of logs. The Rev. William Jones was the first preacher who held services here. Rev. John M. Peck was one of the earliest Baptist preachers. The Rev. Thomas Ray preached frequently, as did the Rev. William Jones, both Baptists. Peter Cartwright was an early Methodist minister. He was called the " fighting preacher." It was not considered anything out of the way in those days for a preacher, when insulted, to protect his standing by force of arms. The Rev. Thomas Oglesby preached as early as 1804. The Rev. Benjamin Young was an early minister. Thomas Randle, Nathaniel Pinckard,' and Samuel Thompson and John Dew were early Methodist ministers. In the year 1812 a school was taught in the door yard .of the residence of Col. Samuel Judy by I^lisha Alexander. A school-house was then, in 1814, built at the foot of the bluff, half-way between where Col. Judy and William B. White- side lived, but more than half of the time it was not occupied. This was a cabin built of logs, and Mr. Thompson was the teacher who first held sway within its walls. This was while the war of 1812-14 was in progress. Many of the inhabi- tants in that part of the country were engaged in the ranging service, and the reports from the field so inspired the youth with martial feeling that one morning they barred the cabin door against the teacher. After brave, but ineffectual efforts to carry the position by storm, he wisely sounded a parley and received the surrender of the garrison on condition of treating the pupils. A .school was taught by Vaitch Clark, in the summer of 1813, in a block house at ihe little fort which had been erected for protection against the Indians on section 1, of township 4, range 9. The first teacher in the Wood River settlement was Peter Fliun. The school-house in which he taught was on section 4, township 5, range 9. In township 3, range 9, the first school was taught in 1812, by Joshua Atwater, who was succeeded by an Irishman named McLaughlin. The first school ever taught in the Marine jTairie was either in the summer, or winter, of 1814. It was taught in the smoke house of Isaac Ferguson. There were ten or twelve scholars, and Arthur Travis was the teacher. Hiram Rountree was an early leacher at Ebenezer, south- west of Edwardsville; ]Mr. Campbell at Salem, Joseph Berry on SugarCreek, and William Gilliland at the Cantine school and meeting house. One of the early schools in the Marine settlement was in a building made of logs consisting of two departments sepa- rated by a log partition. The first department was a stable, accommodating several horses ; the second, a crib, or gran- ary, utilized for scho'astic purposes. The only entrance to this room, was through the stable, and teacher and pupils, girls and boys, were compelled to climb six feet of log parti- tion. " The conductor of this school," writes one of the pupils of those days, '' was a little effete, old codger, the most ignorant and illiterate creature I ever knew as a teacher of the youthful mind. We were instructed to al wa3's call the letter ' Z,' ' Izzard,' and in spelling Aaron to say, "Big A, little A, r-o-n, Aaron," The next teaci.er who attempted to illuminate Marine was Mr. Giles Churchill, the most bashful and awkward of men. He had studied ' English grammar in Webster's spelling book, and 'lowed he could teach it if anybody wanted to lava.' At that early day the march of civilization had already established a whisky distillery in the wood-t, not more than two miles from our noted scholastic institution, and our beloved peda- gogue would sometimes rest at this point, on his early literary peregrination to his morning duty, and imbibe too freely of corn-juice for the successful advancement of educa- tion, although iu one way or another, he did successfully ' teach the young mind how to shoot.' A true politician, however, he even then stumbled along to his tasiis, his duties, and his school, with a pint-bottle well-filled with the spirit that ' steals away the brain,' to treat, fill and flatter the older boys, and thus win them to his praise." One of the early schools in the southern part of the coun- ty was taught in Chilton's foit by David Smeltzer. The Rev. William Jones was one of the earliest teachers in what is now Fort Russell township. A man named Wyatt taught in this part of the county in 1817, and in 1818 Daniel A. Lanterraan had a school in which thirty-three children were in their primers at the commencement of the term. He was paid twelve dollars a year for each pupil. The books used were Webster's Spelling Book, the New England Primer and Pike's Arithmetic. To advance far enough in arithmetic to understand the rule of three, was considered having a good education. The scholars came from a distance of three miles. The school-house was built of logs, and was twenty by twenty-four feet in dimensions. On the side, half a log had been cut out for a window. Over the aparture greased paper was tacked, and a fence had been built on the outside to keep the cattle from destroying this substitute for glass by licking it with their tongues. In the neighborhood of the present Edwardsville there were no good schools till 1818. About that time Hiram Rountree taught twoyears at the old Ebenezer school-house and had a school of eighty pupils. The first school in the neighborhood of the present town of Troy was taught by Greenberry Randle in the year 1811. The curriculum of studies could not have been very extend- ed for the " master " stipulated that he should be called on to give no instruction in arithmetic farther than the " Dou- ble Rule of Three." EARLY MILLS. The want of convenient mills was one of the most serious disadvantages with which the pioneer settlers had to con- tend. Of the early contrivances for manufacturing meal the most rude and primitive was what was known as the " Armstrong mill," used in the fall of the year, and which could be made by any family. This consisted of a plate of tin, pierced with numerous hobs, so as to make one side very rough, bent in the shape of a half-circle, and nailed to a clap board about three feet long by six inches iu width. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 97 By rubbiug an ear of corn, just out of the milk, on the rough tin, meal was made, thou^^h in a very shiw and hiborious manner. The person operating this mill, by the time he had ground, or grated, enough meal for the dinner of a dozen persons, would be apt to conclude that " arm-strong " was a very appropriate appellation. An improvement on this was the band mill. This was made of two mill-stones, one above the other. A hole was made in the upper stone in which was placed a staff of wood, which ran through a hole in a plank above. One or two persons took hold of this statt' and turned the upper stone with as much velocity as possible. There was no hopper, but through an eye in the upper stone the mill was fed with corn in small quantities. To make a mortar, wherein to beat corn into meal, the pioneers took a large, round log, three or four feet in length, and, by cutting or burning, made a cavitj^ in one end, capa- ble of holding, perhaps, a peck of corn. The log was then set perpendicularly io the ground, and the cavity filled with corn. A weight attached to the sweep was then used to crush the corn. The weight was forced down by the hands, and was raised again by the spring of the sweep-pole. In the baud-mill the horse-power consisted of a large, upright shaft, some ten or twelve feet in height, with eight or ten long arms, let into the main shaft and extending out from it fifteen feet. Auger holes were bored at the end of the arms, in tlie upper side, into which wooden pins were driven. This was called the big wheel, and was, as has been seen, about thirty feet in diameter. The raw-hide belt or tug, was made of skins of beef cattle, cut into strips three inches in width ; these were twisted into a round cord, or tug, long enough to encircle the circumference of the big ■wheel. There it was held in place by the wooden pins. From the big wheel the belt crossed and passed under a shed to run around a drum, or " trunnel head," to which was attached the grinding apparatus. The horses, or oxen, were attached to the arms by means of raw -hide tugs, and being driven around in a circle, the machinery was set in motion. To grind twelve bushels of corn in a band-mill was consi- dered a good day's work. Instead of using the band, power was sometimes communicated from one wheel to the other cogs. Several of these baud mills were erected in the Goshen settlement. Before their coming into use the pioneer settlers usually procured their supplies of meal at Cahokia. Wheat flour at that time was but little used. Previous to the year 1807, several pioneer mills were built within the present limits of the county, one of which was a band mill, erected by the Preuitts, on the edge of the prairie, a few miles east of the present site of CoUinsville. On the Cautiuc creek, south of CoUinsville, a man named Talbot had, first, a horse mill, and afterward a water mill. Cornelius built a water mill on the same creek below. Elliott had a horse mill about three miles south of Edwardsville, and Nathan Carpenter one on the Six mile prairie. Adjoining the site of Edwards- ville, Thomas Kirkpatrick built a water mill on Cahokia creek. William Whiteside, of Whiteside station, in the present 13 county of Monroe, and his brother, John Whiteside, in the year 1806, purchased a land warrant of one hundred acres, and located it on Wood river, where that stream is crossed by the road leading from Edwardsville to Alton. They prepared, and hauled much timber with which to construct a mill, but for some reason never built it. After the population of the county became more numerous, several of the settlers, who had a mechanical turn of mind, were tempted to try their skill at building horse, or ox mills. There were many failures, and sometimes linancial ruin resulted. Especially was this the case with the atteni])ts to build and operate water mills. It was a saying of Isaac Prickett, one of the Edwardsville merchants, that however great a falling out he might have with au old settler, if he undertook to build a water mill, he always forgave him the grudge. At Edwardsville in the year 181^, Josias Kandle built a good cog-wheel horse mill. John Messinger was the machinist and mill-wright who did the work. In 1832 this mill was transformed into a steam mill, one of the first in Madison county. It burned down in 1834. Near the pre- sent site of Bethalto, there was a band-mill at an early day operated by Mr. Finley. George Moore had one on his ])lace in section ten, of township five, range nine, the ma- chinery of which was brought from Kentucky. About a mile and a half west of Edwardsville was a mill owned by Joshua Delajilain, on land now owned by S. O. Bonner. Prior to the year 1817, a band-mill was erected on Gov. Coles' farm, three or four miles east of Edwardsville. It was run by George Coventry, and afterward by William L. j\Iay, who removed it to Edwardsville. Henry Keley, the pioneer settlf r of Hamel township, put up a band-mill on his farm about 1820. This mill had a good bolting cloth and chest. • It was in operation only a short time, and the enter- prise did not prove a financial success. George W. Farris had a band-mill, west of Silver creek, near the line between Hamel and Alhanibra townships. Robert Collet, one of the most ingenious, useful, and enterprising citizens on Rattan's prairie, built a good mill, two or three miles southeast of the present town of Bethalto, which was well patronized, and a great convenience to the inhabitants of that part of the county. It was destroyed by fire in 1842, or 1843. Robert McDow, a Kentuckian, who settled near the present Kinder station, had a horse-mill in operation at an early period. A water-mill was built on Cahokia creek at Edwardsville, by Jo-eph Newman, who sold it to Samuel Lockhart, and he to Paris Mason. The mill was in operation several years, and a great advantage to the people residing within several miles of Edwardsville, but so treacherous was Cahokia creek, and so difficult and expensive was the work of preserving the mill-dam on account of the frequent fl )ods which dcva.s- tated the bottom, that Mr. Mason finally concluded to aban- don the mill. Three or four miles southeast of Edwards- ville, a mill was built by Jacob Gonterman, and for some years did good service. George Barnsback built a good cog- wheel horse-mill, southeast of Edwardsville, and Calvin McCray put in operation a mill of the same description in the neighborhood of Troy. In the forks of Wood river, two or three miles east of Upper Alton, Abel Moore built a IIISTOBY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. good cog-wheel mill about 1823 or 1824. On Cahokia creek, three or four miles above Edwardsville, a water-mill was built by Robert Harrison, at which for many years large quantities of corn and wheat were ground, and a great deal of lumber sawed. Mr. Harrison was a public-spirited and enterpri.sing citizen, and afterward carried on the pot- tery business for many years at Upper Alton Both at Newman's and Randle's mill at Edwardsville, lumber was sawed at an early day. John Estabrook and Oliver Liver- more built a water-mill on Cahokia creek, in the northwest part of Hamel township about 1829, or 1830. A great amount of lumber was sawed here, and some meal and ilour manufactured. On Indian creek, in Fort Russell township, John Newman built a saw-mill at an early period, which he, and others after him, ran to a good purpose for many years. West of Edwardsville, ou Delaplaiu's branch, an early mill was built by George Coventry. William Rabb, who in 1812, purchased claim 16.53, on the Cahokia, about three miles northwest of Collinsville, in the spring of the next year, built a large four-story frame water-mill — an extensive concern for those da3'S. In 1820 it passed into the possession of Joseph Hertzog, who added a distillery. Hertzog's mill was a well-known place to the early settlers of the county. ISoon after 1«40, there were several steam-flour and saw- mills in operation in the county. The first two of these were the Randle mill at Edwardsville, and the large steam flour-mill built by William Manning at Alton. The building of the Alton mill commenced in 1831, and was completed in 18S3. Farmers sometimes came to the Alton mill from Sangamon county, a distance of eighty miles, and then would often have to wait several days to get their grist ground. The expense, however, was but little more to them than at home. Time, in those days, was not a matter of much consequence. Provisions and feed were either brought from home, or purchased on the way, and the covered wagon made a convenient place for lodging as they camped along the road at night. It was lawful to cut sufficient timber by the wayside for camp fires. AGRICULTURE. Heavier crops of corn were generally raised in pioneer times than now, but the crops of wheat were lighter. The superior crop of wheat at the present day is probably due to better culture and better varieties. The manner of seed- ing wheat was to scatter the seed broadcast in the standing corn, and plow it in with a one-horse plow. The wheat at harvest was reaped with a sickle. Solomon Preuitt once raised, from a small field, a crop of forty-two bushels of wheat to the acre, but the usual yield was from ten to fif- teen bushels. The fresh and fertile prairie lands yielded heavy crops of corn. Curtiss Blakeman of Marine, writes, under date of April the twentieth, 1820, to the secretary of the State Agricultural Society, that the previous year he gathered from nine acres, three-quarters and six rods of ground, sixteen hundred bushels of ears of corn of a very superior quality. One bushel and a half of ears (consisting of one hundred and thirty-four ears) just as they ran from the crib, on being shelled, made one bushel and four quarts of shelled corn. The seed of this corn was brought from Kentucky. He describes the corn as being white and hard, the grains a little indented and the cob very small in propor- tion to the size of the ear. The mode of culture was quite common, the corn being planted late in May, in hills about four feet apart, and ploughed three times. Somewhat less than ten acres of ground made thirteen hundred and fifty bushels of shelled corn, a yield of one hundred and thirty- five bushels to the acre. The field in which the corn was grown was newly-turned up prairie, and that year was culti- vated for the first time. There was considerable cotton raised in the county in early days, and its cultivation was kept up by some as late as the year 1835. Thomas Good built, and operated, a very good cotton gin, on his farm two miles south of Edwardsville. Oats were not much raised, and only small crops of either Irish, or sweet potatoes. Nearly every farmer had his patch of flax which was used for some articles of clothing because of its superior strength to cotton. At a later day castor beans were cultivated and readily sold at Edwardsville, where John Adams had an oil mill. The hay used was cut from the wild prairie. Melons, which were raised in large quantiies, were planted in corn fields by the public roads, and the travelling public were expected to help themselves. The house garden of early times, beside vegetables for table use, grew the medicines of the family — the senna plant for a cathartic, garlics for vermifuge, saffron for soothing syrup, wormwood and tansy for strengthening bitters, all the mints for sudorifics, and sweet basil and summer savory for essences and cooking. The methods of agriculture were slow and laborious. Harvesting wheat with a sickle was a severe labor. A good hand could reap half an acre a day. Grain was threshed with a flail, or tramped out on the ground with horses and oxen, and then cleaned by lettlug it fall through a breeze created by the motion of a sheet in the hands of two persons — a slow and hard process. The old Barshare plow, with a wooden mold-board, was the main implement used for cul- tivating the soil. This plow was very good for turning prairie sod, but was poorly adapted for plowing up and pul- verizing the ground. For cultivating corn the shovel plow was much used. In one respect the farmer of the olden time had a great advantage over the modern agriculturist. His crops were not injured by insects. There was no chinch bug, Hessian fly, nor weevil ; no vine bugs, lice, potato bugs, or bee moth to annoy the farmer, nor any insect to bore, or sting, his fruit. The prairie grass was set on fire each year, and all the country burned over, so that little hiding place was left for insect life, and the crops grew so rapidly on the new and fertile soil that, if any pests existed, to injure the crops, the damage they did was so small as not to be noticed. There was one exception in the tobacco plant which had to be watched closely to keep the worms from eating it up. Chinch bugs first made their appearance about 1847, and have since rapidly increased. Wheat, in early times, never winter- killed, though sometimes it was affected by the rust. The HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 99 seasons then, are claimed to have been better than now, with not so much excessive drouth. In the summer of 1817 corn at Elwardsville sold at thirty-three and one-third cents a bushel, in the spring of 1818 at fifty cents, and in the summer at seventy -five cents. Potatoes were from fifty cents to a dollar, oats fifty cents, and wheat one dollar. In 1819 wheat was one dollar, and corn, oats, sweet and Irish potatoes each fifty cents a bushel. In 1820 there was a cry of hard times. Money became very scarce, and the prices of agricultural products fell — wheat to fifty cents a bushel and corn to twenty-live cents. The price of land depreciated one-half within eighteen months. (Jews which in 1819 sold at twenty-five dollars, in 1820 brought only fifteen, and the price of a yoke ofo.Ken fell from one hundred and twenty to eighty dollars. Matters grew worse in 1821. Corn sold at twelve and a half centr=, and wheat at fifty cents. Prices raised a little in 1824, but again dropped to a low standard in 1825. The latter year beef sold at one dollar and a half per cwt., cows at from five to seven dollars, oxen from twenty to forty dollars a yoke, and horses at from ten to eighty dollars. There were times in territorial days, when corn sold as low as six and a quarter cents a bushel, and wheat thirty cents. THE FIRST ORCHARDS. In the year 1802, or 1803, Samuel Judy planted an orchard of seedling apple trees on his farm in section 5, of township 3, range 8. This was the first orchard planted by an American settler, but long years previous fruit trees had been planted by the French residents on Big, or Chouteau, island. There were apple and pear trees on this island, which, from their appiarance in 1820, must have been planted fifty or sixtj; years before that date. Also on section 9, of township 4, range 9, and on the Squire farm in section 6, of township 3, range 9, there were pear trees which must have been planted previous to the settlement of the county by the Americans. There were several orchards planted at an early date in the neighborhood of Troy, one planted by Robert Seybold on section 12, of township 3, range S; one set out by Titus Gregg on the farm now owned by Ignatius Riggin, north of Troy ; and another on section 18, of town- ship 3, range 7, on the farm settled by Robert McMahan. There was another early orchard, which must have been planted soon after 1803, on claim six hundred and two, near Collinsville. This orchard was set out by Peter Casterline and was in bearing in 1814. Near Rabb's (afterward Hertzog's) mill an orchard was planted at an early date. Major Cook, on his farm at the foot of the bhifi", on the old Edwardsville and St. Louis road, planted an orchard of which the apple trees were of a large size in 1817. It is said of Major Cook that he sold his last cow to get the money with which to purchase apple grafts. There were few grafted trees before 1820. A specimen of the Lady apple was planted in 1819, on the farm afterward owned by Daniel A. Lanterman in township 5, range 8. Solomon Preuitt set out in 1820, forty trees, grown from the seed of a yellow apple brought up from the French .settle- ments. Six or eight of these trees produced very good fruit. In township 5, range 8, soon after 1820, orchards of im- proved varieties were planted by John Collet, Emanuel J. West, and Gershora Flagg. The two former procured their trees from the state of New York, and the latter from Greenville, Bond county. Gershom Flagg, in the si)ring of 1822, planted three hundred seedlings, and in the fall of the same year about two hundred trees of Kirkbridffe White, Rambo, Pryor's R'3d, Penn.'ck, Pennsylvania Red Streak, Newtown Pippin, Rawle's Janet, Gilpin, and other varieties. The grafted trees proved equally hardy and long-lived with the seedlings. The first orchard in Hamel township was on the fiirm of Robert Aldrich. The grafts were procured in 1819 from a nursery at Portage des Sioux in St. Charles county, Missouri. Henry Keley and Anson Aldrich went after them, wrapping deer skins around the middle of the jiackages, so that they could lay them bef jre them on their horses. Soon afterward Archibald Lamb and Thomas Barnett set out apple orchards in the same township. William Hoxsey set out an apple orchard as early as 1819 or 1820, and Robert MeKee had a large orchard of choice apples on the Troy road, three miles south-east of Edwards- ville. The first nursery men in the country were John Collet and Masson. The latter was a Swiss, who came to this country with a countryman, Mr. Talon, on whose farm, in section 22, of township 5, range 8, he had his first nursery. He removed thence to Mr. Collet's farm, about the year 1825, and thence, about 1832, to a farm in section 8, of the same township. George Barnsback also had an early nursery. BIRDS AND ANIMALS. Many of the animals and birds common in early days have disappeared. Grey wolves were plentiful in the first settlement of the country, and there were also black and prairie wolves. Wild cats were also numerous. The wolves were a great trouble to the farmers, for the reason that they killed many of the young pigs and sheep, and sometimes colts and calves. A panther was occasionally met with, and often attacked men and the larger animals. E^ra Gil man, in township six, range ten, killed a panther with a heavy stick as his only weapon. The panther had engaged in a fight with his dog, and Oilman seized a stake from a sled near by, and by repeated blows on the head succeeded in killing the ferocious animal. Samuel P. Gillham was accustomed to tell of a neighbor of his, who, when riding through the timber at night, was attacked by a panther which lit on the back of the man, and with its claws raked his body from the head downward, tearing his clothing in slits, and then ripped open the horse's rump. Both horse and rider were terribly frightened. The horse gave a terrific jump, and the panther slippad off. The horse then leaped a stake-and-rider fence, and reached home, how, the man never knew. AVhen he came to his senses the horse was galloping around the house. The man died in two days afterward from the effects of his fright. The horns of the wild elk could still be seen, showing that they had once inhabited this country. A badger was occasionally killed, but not after 1830. Buffalo horns were scattered over the prairie, for years after the first settlement. 100 II IS TO BY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Bears were not common. One was killeS in the county after 1830. The Lyux was sometimes seen. Deer, of course, were plentiful in early days. There were four varieties of squirrels, the fox, grey, flying and ground squirrels. The grey and bald eagle were common in pioneer times. Paroquets were once plenty. They used to stay in the timber along the creeks, and when they came out the settlers regarded their appearance as a sure harbinger of a storm. There were several varieties of the wood-pecker the red head, the yellow-hammer, and the sap sucker. Par- tridges were scarce. The southern mocking bird was seen in the country for a year or two, and then disappeared. The pheasant has come since the first settlement of the coun- try. There were several varieties of owls, among which were the screech owl, the large prairie owl, and the large horned owl. Water hens have come since the country was first settled. Wild ducks and geese were plentiful, and cranes, herons and swans were found about the lakes. PRAIRIE FLIES. The green-headed flies, which infested the prairies in the summer, were a great annoyance. From the middle of June to the first of September it was almost impossible to cross the prairies in the day time. Wherever a fly lighted upon a horse a drop of blood started. In a journey of twelve miles horses were frequently killed. Travellers were accustomed to lie by in the timber during the day, and to cross the prairies at night. INDIANS — TREATY AT EDWARDSVILLE. There were no Indians resident in the territory now com- prising Madison county within the time of its settlement by the whites. There was originally a Kickapoo town near the Salem camp ground. It was their second town in im- portance, the first being at Peoria. The hunting lodges stood there till 1820. In early days, however, the Indians frequently visited this part of Illinois, mostly with the object of having conferences with Gov. Ninian Edwards at Edwardsville. Large companies or bands of Indians, some- times to the number of one hundred and fifty canoes, each canoe containing three or four men, women, and children, not unfrequently passed down the Mississippi. The.se com- panies sometimes passed on to St. Louis to see William Clark, governor of the territory of Missouri, and sometimes stopped at Gillham's landing, on the Mississippi, just below the mouth of the Missouri, there left their canoes moored to the shore, and proceeded on foot to Edwardsville, to see Gov. Edwards who held councils and made treaties with them. One of the old residents of the county states that he had seen the men marching along the road to Edwards- ville in a single file, a mile in length. The squaws and papooses were generally left at the river to guard the canoes and baggage. These Indians were Sacs, Foxes, Pottawato- mies and Winnebagoes, who then inhabited the country on the upper Mississippi about the present towns of Rock Island, Davenport and Galena, the country on the Illinois river in the vicinity of Peoria, and other portions of north- ern Illinois. They were then perfectly friendly to the whites. The squaws usually wanted to barter strings of beads for green corn, and the braves showed a great fond- ness and anxiety for whisky. Often before their return homeward they would encamp for several days at a time near the Mississippi, and the men would hunt de3r and other wild game which, with boiled corn, would constitute their stock of provisions for the voyage up the river. Another pioneer settler of the county relates that among the Indians traveling and camping near Edwardsville, the young men were full of fun. He often saw them when the Cahokia was full of water, wallowing in the mud in the road, and then jumping into the creek. He had also seen them playing cards. On the sixth of August, 1819. at Edwardsville, a treaty was negotiated between Auguste Chouteau and Benjamin Stephenson, commissioners on the part of the United States, and the chiefs of the Kickapoo tribe of Indians, by which the KickapOos ceded all their land on the northwest side of the Wabash river, including their principal village and a tract of land covering the central part of the state of Illinois, estimated to contain upward of ten million of acres, bounded by a line commencing at the mouth of the Illinois River, ruiming ea«twardly to the line dividing the states of Illinois and Indiana, thence north to the Kankakee river, and thence down the Illinois river to the place of beginning. The United States agreed, in return, to pay the Kickapoos two thousand dollars in silver, annually, for fifteen succes- sive years, at their town on the waters of the Osage river, and to guarantee them peaceable possession of their country on the O.sage and to restrain all white persons from hunting or settling therein. The United States also promised to furnish two boats in which to transport the property of the Indians from some point on the Illinois river to their new place of residence, and to select some judicious citizen to accompany them in their journey through the white settle- ments. Proclamation was made of this treaty on the thirteenth of January, 1821. Indians still continued to vi-sit Edwards- ville till 1827 or 1828. Traces of their camps and the peculiar marks made in their stripping the bark from trees were visible ten years afterward. The Kickapoos at one time had a temporary encampment near the mouth of Indian creek and buried many of their dead there. About the year 1824 some Delaware Indians who came from Indi- ana, were accustomed to camp in the timber bordering the Cahokia. In a year or so they moved westward. After 1835 a large body of Pottawatomies passed through the county on the way to their reservation. ITEMS CONCERNING SLAVERY. The ordinance of 1787 prohibited the introduction of slavery into the northwestern territory, of which Illinois was then a part. This ordinance was construed not to operate on the slaves already owned by the early French settlers. After the organization of the Indiana territory in whose government Illinois was included, laws were passed by the territorial legislature, permitting slaves to be introduced or indentured servants, and many thus came to the territory HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 101 Under this arrangement the owner went with his slaves before the clerk of the court of common pleas, and there the negroes agreed to serve their master a certain number of years and then become free. This agreement was to be made within thirty days after the slaves entered the terri- tory, and if the slaves would not consent to the agreement they might be removed out of the territory within sixty days. The following is a copy of a bill of sale of one of these indentured servants from Etienue Pensoneau of St. Clair county to Samuel Gillham of this county, with subse(iuent conveyances. First appears the record certificate of inden- ture and then the conveyance from Pensoneau to Gillham : I, John Hay, Clerk of the County Court of St. Clair county, Illinois Territory, do hereby certify that Elienne Pensoneau and Frankey a negro woman, about the age of twenty-three, entered into an indenture an 1 agreement in the Clerk's office of tliesaid county of St. Clair, whereby tlie said Frankey agrees to serve the said Ktienne Pensoneau, the term of thirty years, and that the same was duly registered the !Hh of November, 1811. Given under my hand tiiis 12th of August, 1815. John Hay, C. C. C. St. C. Know all men by these presents that I, Etienne Pensoneau of the county of St. Clair, have this day a.ssigned and do hereby assign all my Kight, Title, and Interest in the within named Frankey to Samuel Gillham, and do moreover, warrant that the .said Frankey was a slave and my property before and at the time she indentured herself. In the above assignment made for and in consideration of the sum of five hundred dollars, currency of tlic United Slates, to me in hand paid by the said Samuel Gillham, and I do hereby assign overall my right and title to a child of .said Frankey, a girl of about one year old. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my baud and seal at Cahokia this 12th of August, 1815. Test. John Hay. Etnb Peksoseau. Recorded September 10, 1815. J0SIA.S Randall, C. C. C. M. C. " Know all men by these presents that I, Sauiiicl Gillham, for, and in consideration of the sum of ii-JOO to me in hand paid, I do by llie.*e presents sign over all my right, title, interest, and demand of, in and to the within bill of sale, and also before the signing of these presents deliver one negro woman named Frankey and one negro girl named Faney unto David Ni.x, for him, the said David, to hold according to law as given under my hand and seal this 8th d.ay of October, 181G. Test. Samuel Gillham (Seal). Uel Whiteside." Illinois Territory, Afadison County, this day personally came the above named .Samuel Gillham and acknowledged his signature to the above to be his voluntary act and deed, and for the purpose above stated as given under my hand and seal this 8th day of October, 181G. Uel WuiTESiDE, J. P., (Seal). The early newspapers contain interesting advertisements in reference to runaway negroes. The following is taken from the Louisiana Gazette, published at St. Louis: FORTY DOLLARS EEWARD. Ran away from the subscriber, on the 27th of May, a negro man named George, about 40 years old, .«ix feet, or upwards, high, coarse features, large btard and whiskers, speaks plain and with assurance, has a large vacancy be- tween his fore teeth, but not with the loss of a tooth, yellow comple.xion, sorrily clothed, having none but those on him, viz. : A big coat of jeans, dyed brown, the under part of the sleeves a drab color. The public are hereby cautioned against dealing, or harboring him at their peril. The above reward will be paid to any person who shall deliver the aforesaid negro to me, at Mr. John McDow's, six miles from St. Louis, near the Six Mile Prairie, Illinois Territory. JOIIX HuMl'JIltlES. June 25,1811. In 1819, in the same journal, appears an advertisement in which a reward of SlOO is ottered for a negro named Jim, who ran away from Chariton, Howard County, Mi souii Territory. He is described as being five feet, eight inches in height, well-featured, weighing one hundred and sixty- five pounds, and being "middling black." He took with him a dog and gun. A reward of 8100 will be paid, by Charles Simmons, to any person securing said negro in any jail, if taken without the territory of Missouri, and S35 if taken within said territory." In the Edwardsville tSpcctator, 1823, an advertisement offers for sale "An indentured negro man, twenty-three years of age with twenty-three years to serve, well-acquainted with farming, a pretty good rough shoemaker, has attended at a distillery, and possesses a good moral character." The Madison Association to oppose the introduction of slavery in Illinois was formed at Edwardsville on the 28lh of June, 1823. The officers were : Curtis Blakeman, president, William Otwell and Benjamin Spencer, vice presidents ; Thomas Lippincott, secretary, and David Prickett, record- ing secretary. An address was drafted by Thomas Lippincott. Among other members appear the names of George Churchill, Amos Squire, John C. Riggin, George Smith, Charles Gear, Benjamin Stedman, Jarrot Duggar, William P. McKee, John T. Lusk, John Barber, and Thomas S. Slocura. The following is an advertisement in the J-Alwardsville Sjyectator of the 27th of July, 1833 : sheriff's NOTICE. There wa.s committed to my care July 17, 18.33, Primes, a black man, a runaway servant, aged about thirty-five years, live feet, eight or ten inches high, stout made. He acknowledged himself to be the properly of a Mr. William Poke, of Hardeman County, Tennessee, near Bolivar. The attention of the owner is directed to this notix:e, and the law under which the prisoner was taken up, which makes it my duty to sell the prisoner in six weeks from this d,ite unless the right to the property is established according to law. Nathaniel Buchma-ster, Sheriff of Madison County. REMARKABLE SEASONS AND CHANGES OF WEATHER. In the winter of 1805 occurred what was known, for years afterward, as " the cold Friday." The weather suddenly became intensely cold, and caused the day to be long remem- bered by the early settlers. The summer of 1818 was unusually sickly near the banks 102 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS of the Mississippi river. The Missouri river that year rose to an extraordiuary height. This summer was also remarkable for the frequent thun- der, which sometimes carae out of a clear sky. Many a day distant rumblings were heard, while not a cloud could be seen. In the spring of 1820, the rainfalls were extremely heavy. All low and wet places were covered with water. During the hot months, a sickly, disagreeable effluvia filled the at- mosphere, and in the following fall there was considerable sickness. INIauy of the wheat fields that year were affected with what was termed '■ sick-wheat." Persons who ate bread made from it became sick with nausea. If a piece of the bread were thrown to a dog, he might snatch it, but would immediately drop it. Neither cattle, or swine, would eat the grain, and some farmers burned their stacks into the fields, deeming the harvest utterly worthless. Great sickness prevailed in 1819, 1820, and 1821. The summer of 1820 was very hot; for weeks in succession the thermometer at St. Louis marking ninety six degrees in the shade. The fevers of that year were peculiarly malig- nant, rapid, and unmanageable. In the summer of 1821, the sickness was very general, but in a milder form. The winter of 1820-21 was very severe, with considerable snow. Two men were found dead on the prairie, chilled to death by the cold. The spring and summer of 1821 were very wet, and the crops were not up to their usual standard. A great deal of the wheat was not worth reaping. A violent storm in June, 1821, swept over a part of the country, destroying gardens, corn crops and killing chick- ens. The storm came from the northwest, and its track ■was three or four miles in width. The hail, which accom- panied it, ranged in size from a musket ball to a hen's egg, and broke all the windows on the side of the buildings from which the storm came, in Edwardsville. A heavy frost occurred on the twentieth of May, 1822. On the twenty-first of September of the next 3'ear, a severe frost cut all the green corn blades, but the subsequent weather was dry, so that the corn ripened well, and was good for the next year's planting. The year 1821 was very wet. Heavy rains fell frequently. Corn on flat lands was a total failure. This year the weavel destroyed the wheat after it was harvested. The next year, ]82r), there was a remarkable growth of thistles on the branch bottoms. The winter of 1830-31 was known as the " winter of the deep snow." The snow was of a depth of from two and a half to three feet, on a level. It drifted much, and was very destructive to peach trees. The weather was intensely cold. Both in 1381 and 1832, the early frosts so injured the corn as to entirely destroy its germinating properties, and render it w'orthless for almost any purpose. All the seed corn, immediately after those years, had to be procured from the counties further south. Daring the sum- mer of 1831, there was frost every month except July. A peculiar change in the weather happened in the early part of 1836- Six inches of snow which had fallen on a Saturday, the weather growing warmer, by Monday morn- ing had melted into slush. It became suddenly cold, and in an hour the slush was frozen hard, and converted into one solid mass of ice. William Bevins had started to ride to a neighbor's when the change came, and finished his journey of two miles with great difficulty. On reaching his destina- tion, he found his horse's tail as big as a barrel, and his legs as thick as a man's body, from the accumulation of frozen slush. Some of the old settlers who survived till recent years, thought more rain fell in early days than was the case later. The creeks were seldom dry, and fish were usually plenty. There was also commonly a difficulty about planting crops on account of the long, wet spring. It is likely, however, that the difference results from the clearing away of the timber, which has tended to drain the laud quicker, so that with the usual rain-fall, fields can be worked earlier now iu the spring, than was possible forty or fifty years ago. It is said also that long drouths in the fall were not of so fre- quent occurrence, and that there were fewer frosts. From 1853 to 1861 peach trees blossomed as follows : 1853, April 12; 1854, April 9; 1855, April 19; 1856, April 27 ; 1857, May 8; 1858, April 3; 1855, April 10; 1860, April 7, and 1861, on the 15th of April. On the 5th of April, 1857, there was a heavy snow storm, and the next morning the thermometer was eighteen degrees above zero. EARTHQUAKE OF ISll. An earthquake occurred on the night of the sixteenth of November, 1811, and occasioned great excitement, and some dread among the people. The centre of violence was near New Madrid, Missouri, but the whole valley of the Missis- sippi seems to have been affected by the agitation. In the American Bottom, many chimneys were thrown down. The walls of the brick house of Samuel Judy were cracked. The shaking cau-ed the church bell in Cahokia to sound. Gov. Reynolds relates that his parents and the children were all sleeping in a log cabin, at the foot of the bluff, when the shock came. His father leaped from the bed, crying aloud, " The Indians are on the house. " The battle of Tippecanoe had recently been fought, and it was supposed the Indians would attack the settlements. " We laughed at the mistake of my father, " says Gov. Reynolds, " but soon found out it was worse than Indians. Not one in the family knew at that time it was an earthquake. The next morning another shock made us acquainted with it, so we decided it was an earthquake. The cattle came running home, bellowing with fear, and all animals were terribly alarmed on the oc- casion. Our house cracked and quivered so, we were fearful it would fall to the ground. It is said a shock of an earth- quake was felt in Kaskaskia in 1804, but I did not perceive it. The shocks continued for years in Illinois." The earth- quakes in the latter part of the year 1811, and the begin- ning of 1812, alarmed some people to the greatest possible extent, and very many persons, who had never thought be- fore of being religious, joined the church, and began to pray, thinking the end of all things was at hand. Some of these remained true to their newly-adopted principles, but many, after the danger seemed to be oyer, relaxed to their old worldliuess. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. lor Several other earthquakes have been observed, though none so violent as this. They seemed to occur every three or four years, aud invariably appeared to approach from the southwest. Joshua Dannagan stated that he witnessed one, about the year 1831), strike a forest. For a moment the leaves seemed to wilt as under a strong heat, but soon re- sumed their original appearance. The same authority is given for the statemant that thay nnst frequently came at night, and were always accompanied by a low moaning noise. XAVIG.\TIOX OF THE MlSSISSiirPI. The pioneer method of navigating the Mississippi was by keel-boats, flat boats, mackiuaw boats or batteaux, and Indian canoes. The keel boats were used for conveying merchandise up the rivers to the various trading points, and returned laden with peltries, honey, and beeswax. The mackiuaw boats were used from the mountains and up river ports, down ttream, but were never used against the current. Flat boats were used in floating the stock and produce of the farmers to the new Orleans market, and they, like the mackinaw boats, were sold or left when the cargo was disposed of. The business of running flat boats to New Orleans was dangerous and precarious. The distance was great and accidents and casualties numerous. Perhaps fully one-third of all the boats that started from Illinois on the trip were wrecked, or lost in some way, before reaching their destination. The expedition of Lewis and Clark to discover the sources of the Missouri river, which reached St. Louis in December, 1803, passed the winter at the mouth of \yood river. The party consisted of nine young men, Kentuckiaus, fourteen volunteers from the United States army, two French water- men, an interpreter and hunter, and a black servant of Col. Clark's. lu addition a corporal aud six soldiers, and nine watermen were engaged to accompany the expedition as far as the Mandan nation, this side of which attacks were ex- pected from hostile Indians. The transports consisted of one keel boat, fifty-five feet long, carrying one large square sail and twenty-two oars, and two pirogues, one of six and the other of seven oars. The expedition left its encamp- ment at four o'clock in the afternoon of the 14th of May, 1804, and began the ascent of the Missouri, the first night camping four miles above its mouth. The first steamboat which ascended the Mississippi, above the mouth of the Ohio, was the Gen. Pike, commanded by Cap- tain Jacob Reid, which lauded in St. Louis, at the foot of Market street, on the 2d of August, 1817. The next was the Constitution which arrived on the second of the following October. The first steamboat to enter the Missouri river was the Independence, which left St. Louis on the loth of May, 1819. In the spring of 1819 Col James Johnson, of Kentucky, with three steamboats, loaded with United States soldiers and army supplies, landed at the farm of Isom Gillham, just below the mouth of the Missouri river. He had a contract with the government to transport soldiers and supplies to St. Peters (now St. Paul) on the Mississippi and to Council Bluffs on the Missouri. He had little ditti- culty in goiug up the Jlissiosippi, but in his attempt to ascend the Missouri he found trouble. The river was low, no pilot was acquainted with the channel, and after three weeks of toil St. Charles, only twenty miles above the mouth, was the farthest point reached. The expedition was given up, and Col Johnson returned to Mr. Gillham's, where the steamboats lay in state, exciting the admiration of all visitors. People came from the surrounding country for many miles expressly to see these boats. Large warehouses were built on Mr. Gillham's farm, in which the provisions were stored, and here also were the soldiers quartered. After a time, a number of keel boats, of light draft, were purchased, and in these the provisions aud soldiers were carried to Council Bluffs. CHAPTER VIII. EvnoPE.iN nntiGR.vnoN. I HE Western States of the Union contain a large proportion of naturalized citizens and their descendants. The inexhaustible richness of the lands along the rivers of the West had been heralded in Eurojjc even before the beginning of the jiresent century. The first foreigners seeking a home on the banks of the Mississippi and ilissouri, were a number of French colonists arriving here within the first half of the 18th century, settling near the missionary depots at Kaskatkia and Cahokia. Among these first arrivals we find several Swi.ss and a few Germans from Alsace — Judy Dumoulin, Eugel, Schoenberger aud others. The Judys, nativ s of Switzerland, were among the firrt permanent settlers of this county, and their descendants are to this day well known citizens of the county. Traces of French efforts at colonization in this county are fouiul at the prtsent site of Alton where Jean Baptiste Cardinal had built a cabin probably as early as 1785 (Madison County Gazetteer.) A number of land claims were located along the INIississippi River from the mouth of Wood River down towards Venice, by French colonists, but very few of whom seem to have improved them. Nicholas Jarrot, a French- man of distinction, is found among the early settlers in Madison county ; his home, however, was never permanently located there. The records of the county of 1815 contain a list of names of men subject to road labor, and among them but very few foreign names are met. The few Euro- peans who had found their way to JIadison county before or during the first decade of its organization, made no effort to have colonies or settlements of their own, such as are found in St. Clair aud Randolph counties or elsewhere. The Judy family mentioned above, had become thoroughly Americanized before they settled in the county. Even the orthography of their family name — Tschudy — a name so well known in their native Switzerland, had been lost sight of and 104 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. changed into "Judy" before the coiiiiuenceiupnt of this cen- tury. The name ajipeais in the records of St. Chiir county of 1793. Jacob Judy and Samuel Judy presented or filed their claims for land grants, 200 acres each, one as an equal part of a Virginia Improvement Right and the other of a " Cahokia head" right on the 11th November, 1798. Among the enrolled militia of St- Clair county in actual ser- vice of the United States in 1783 and 1790, we find Samuel Judy and Jacob Judy, jr. They received each a land grant of 100 acres, a so-called militia right, which they afterwards located in sections 32 and 33, T. 4 — 8, Madison county, together with two other militia rights bought of Louis Bibaud and Barie La Flamme. In 1799, at an election held at Cahokia " to vote for a representative for to be sent to the General Assembly of the territory, Jacob and Samuel Judy voted for Shadrach Bond, who defeated his opponent, Isaac Darneille by a vote of 113 against 11. Voting was done viva voce, and the well-preserved tally sheet of said election is on file in the Clerk's office at Belleville. George Barnsback, another foreign-born pioneer of Madi- son county, is made the subject of the following sketch by Hon. Gustav Koerner, of Belleville, in his work "The German Element :" " One of the first German settlers in Madison county, if not the first, was George Berensbach— Barnsback. He was the son of a highly respected family at Osterrode, and had received a thorough education. An employee of a com- mercial house, he gave up his position without the consent of his parents and embarked for America in 1797. He landed in Philadelphia, a lad of sixteen years. He soon .strayed over to Kentucky and traditon has him serving a season as overseer of a plantation. We doubt it, because of his youth. After a stay of two years, he became home- sick and embarked for Hamburg and was shipwrecked at Dover, barely saving his life. His reception at home was most cordial, the fatted calf was slaughtered in honor of his return. However he had breathed the air of America, ana would not remain in Europe. In 1802 he returned to Kentucky, rented a plantation and erected a distillery. But Kentucky was too small for him. He brought his lamily to Illinois to what is now Madison county. Here he devoted himself to farming, and a number one farmer he was. In the war of 1812, he took service with other volunteers to protect the settlements against the Indians, the allies of the English, and remained in the field for fully two years. In 18-5 he went to Germany to collect an estate to which he had i'allen heir. Returning he resolved to go to Missouri, where he bought a large plantation in St. Fran(;ois county. The system of slavery disgusted him most thoroughly and in 1830 we find him back in Madison county. He was now nearly 50 years of age, and wanting rest, he devoted himself with zeal and success to agriculture, and left at the time of his death one of the best and most beautiful farms in the country. He was a tall man of powerful build with features betraying energy, and main- tained an imposing appearance to his end. Hj participated with interest in the management of puljlic affairs, without seeking personal gains, filled various offices, oftiu against his wish, and became also to his dislike, a member of the legislature in 1846. The salary which he drew for those services was bestowed to his county for the benefit of the poor. lie was very accurate and insisted that obligations to him were strictly fulfilled, but was just as conscientious in his dealings with others. It is said that he never charged more than one half of the legal rates of interest on moneys due him. This explains the fact that when he died May 25, 1809, at the age of 87 years, he did not leave great wealth, but with it he left to his descendants the grand legacy of an incorruptible and excellent man. After his second trip to Europe, several of his kinsmen — nephews — accompanied or followed him. All settled in the vicinity of their uncle, and one of them, Julius L. Barnsback, had become a Justice of the Peace, and a man of much importance and influence in the county. He removed to Edwardsville, where he engaged in commercial business with marked success. Sickness however, befell him and took him from the large circle of an interesting family and numerous friends before he had reached a great age." George Barnsback was a member of the first Board of County Commissioners in 1819, together with Samuel Judy and William Jones. Julius L. Barnsback is frequently mentioned by Dr. H. C. Gerke, Joseph Suppiger and Solomon Koepfli in their publications — 1831 to 1833 as a friend and adviser. He kindly v olunteered to assist them in the selection of lands, and acted as interpreter whenever the " Book-English " of his new friends gave out. Barnsback seems to have enjoyed their surprise at unexpected sights, which of course w'ere of constant occurrence, for life in the cities of Europe, differ so materially from life in the forests on the frontier. Koepfli complains at times of the sarcastic yet humorous remarks of Barnsback, made in German, in the presence of Americans and in regard to their appearance or surroundings, for, says Koepfli, we had to burst out in laughter and then could not explain, at what we had to laugh. Barnsback, who had done the mischief, would sit there, without the sign of a smile on his lips, sober as a judge, chuckling inwardly over our discomfiture ; yet he was so universally kind and amiable that our anger was but momentary. George Barnsback's name is not mentioned by the authors named above. He had probably not yet returned from Missouri. Julius L. Barns- back was the first German ever naturalized in the courts of this county, years after he had officiated as justice of the peace. A few Canadians had been naturalized in 1816 and 1817, as stated in the chapter on Civil History, but their names have disappeared from the rolls of the residents of the county. The Barusbacks have long since become as thoroughly Americanized as their family name of Berensbach had been anglicized into Barnsback. Their descendants are numer- ous, and several of them have been called to prominent po- litical positions in the county. Speaking of politics, it should be stated, that the most numerous branch of the Barns- backs are identified at present with the Republican party and only a few are found in Democratic ranks, but all are held in high regard by all their fellow citizens. The Barnsbacks are North Germans, and the characteristic features of that SIS TOE Y OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 105 race are fairly represented in the family, to wit : self-reliance, firmness of mind and sagacity in judgment. Another fea- ture of the North German is his immense will power, and incredible power of endurance. Besides it might be said, that the North Germans are rather reserved, or as they ex- press it buttoned up to their throats. The German from the South of Germany is decidedly more amiable, though inclined to over estimate his powers of intellect ; " he knows it all, " as the saying is '• He is sanguine to a fault, laughs at difficulties, which his brother German from the North contemplates with sagacity, meets with firm- ness, and overcomes with cer'ainty, in nine cases out of ten, just as often as his brother from the south gets floored. The South German carries his heart on his tongue, and the north German his tongue in his brain. Though parts of one and the same nation, they differ more widely from one another than from foreign nations. The Swiss have some of the characteristic features of the north as well as of the south German. His mountain home, surrounding him with many dangers, has made him cautious and vigilant besides. The Swiss are sometimes called the Yankees of Europe, because of their calculating shrewdness and active energy, as well as because of their familiarity, with self-government and popular sovereignty. The Swiss are largely represented in the foreign born pop- ulation of our county, and were the first European colonists coming in great numbers to this county. The first arrival took place in 1831. The Suppigers and Koepflis, together with others, who followed them, are closely identified with the township bearing the Latin name of Switzerland — HELVETIA — the subject of their settlement is treated and commented on in the township sketch. Joseph Suppiger, and Solomon Koepfli were the first from the settlement to apply for and obtain letters of naturalization. Jacob Eggeu, of Highland, speaks of this settlement in his town- ship sketch of 187t) as follows: Both families — Koepfli and Suppiger, came with the intention of making this a per- manent home. They found in James Reynolds, then justice of the peace in the district, an excellent and most dis- interested adviser. He had nothing in common with the indolent squntters and squirrel hunters, so frequently met with in 1830. True, he knew how to kill a deer as well as any one, but he was not a hunter only. He understood tanning and blacksmithing, could stock a plow or make a speech. Reynolds singled out Mr. Joseph Suppiger as the one best fitted to lead the colony, which was reinforced, during the spring fo 1833 by the arrival of Joseph Suppiger, and his brother Johann, together with their large families. Tscharner brothers and Jacob Weber of Glarus accompa- nied them. Joseph Suppiger, Sr., died within a few months of his arrival and was buried in Section 30 — T. 4—5; his was the first funeral in the colony. In the autumn of 1833 a number of young men from the fatherland made their ap- ; pearance in the colony, among them Jacob Eggen, William Hagnaner and John R. Blattuer, all of whom arc still living in the midst of the colony. Blattner became famous for his many enterprises, commencing with working on a canal, then making shoes — his trade, then Niraroding, shooting deer, etc. li Next cultivating mulberry trees with a view of raising silk worms. The building erected for housing his silk worms, which — by the way — had hatched long before the necessary food was ready for their voracious maws, was converted into a tavern and became in time the most popular resort in Highland. The " Herre " (gentlemen of wealth and educa- tion, hal their casino at ths tavern) and here it was, where amateur tragedians performed the classic " William Tell," " Cabale and Liebe," etc., as related in the " Highlaml sketch. " Blattner was accumulating wealth and now en- gaged in manufacturing gunpowder. He was persuaded into the business by John L)ehrer, a practical powder- miller. Blattner made pjwder but once, but said he: It was the best powder ever made in Illinois, and the agricul- tural and mechanical association of Edwardsville awarded me a diploma, having a beautiful " ox " engraved upon it. Loehrer died and Blattner gave up the bu-iness. which had caused him the loss of fully SS.OOJ, the savings of many years of toil. The accounts published of the growing and prosperous settlement, — by interested parties, Mr. E.;gen continues were overdrawn, and this becoming known in Europe, proved injurious to the colony. No arrivals, with probably the ex- ception of the Statfelbach family, took place until 1840 — when some persons arrived, among whom the families Bardill, Marcut, Ruedi, Branger and Florin, fi)llowed in 1841 by a number of families from Baden and Wirtember', among whom the Trautners, Hotz, Spengel, Bader, Bender, Z)pf, Hammer, Plocher and others. These immigrants, says Mr. Eggen, were an industrious and frugal people, who, with but few exceptions, knew how to adapt themselves to the trying circumstances then existing, and how to work their way out of want into plenty. The very fact of the ex- tremely low prices of provisions and stock worked in their favor to get started in opening farms. This settlement ex- tended through Townships 3 — 5, 4— ,5 and 3 — 6, and is the oldest and most important of the European settlements -n the county. The names of the colonists who settled in 3 — 5 and 4 — 5 have been mentioned; in 3 — 6 we find Theodor Miller, now no more, who represented Madison county in the legislature of 1870 to 1872. Jacob Leder came in 1837. Samuel Frey, Valentine Frey and Henry Frey arrived in 1840. They too are successful farmers ; in fact it is dificult to tell, who has not been a successful farmer among those, who arrived at an early day. Peter Frutiger, J. A. Kirri, Henry Ritterand Rudolf Baer arrived in 184-1. Henry Laengle, " mine host" of a splendid hotel afSt. Jacob, came to Madison county in 1846, settled first at Highland, then tried the state of Texas, returned to Madi- son county and located at St. Jacob. John Schmidt arrived in 1847, Jacob Willi in 1849. Another German colony, or at least the nucleus of one, may be observed in the Marine settlement as early as 1833. Hon. G. Koerner makes mention of Dr. Gerke, the founder of this colony as follows: "He was an unco;nmonly well- informed and liberal-minded philanthropist. He possessed, theoretically, at least, even a thorough knowledge of agri- culture. He became widely known by a work published by 106 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS him in 1833. It (this work) treats of all phases of life in America, and was, in many respects, an instructive compila- tion of the contents of the best works, published on the sub- ject. He was the father of the talented printer, Philip Gerke of St. Louis, etc." Koernvr. The work of Dr. Gerke coutain.s a vast amount of original matter, and is by no means a mere compilation. The writer of this sketch d'les not hesitate to express his admiration of the author of the work. lu fact it is but just to say, that H. C. Gerke, LL D., was one of the most distinguished foreigners that ever made their home in this county. He was a North German, born at Hanover in 176-5. His first effort at Emigration was made in 1790. It failed on account of insufficiency of funds, • but the idea of making the United States his home was never given up. He made the institutions of the United States^ the social life, the pursuits of its people, the subject of the most searching studies, and was comparatively no stranger when he reached the shores of the United States in 1831. He spent the best part of two years in examining personally into American life, in the cities and on the frontier alike. His observations are laid down in a volume called by him : " Der Nordamerikanische Bathgeber." (N. A. Guide and Adviser). This work of Mr. Gerke is probably the best on the subject published prior to 1 840. Mr. Gerke was a close ob- server and accurate chronicler ; he saw everything, and made mention thereof at the proper place. He understood the laws of the land as thoroughly as any American jurisprudent^ and the system of government, from the local authorities of a village up to the federal affairs. He knew the magnitude of the American commerce, and how it was managed. He corresponded with the publishing houses of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore ; he was posted to per- fection on the inland trade, means of transportation and costs. He came to Illinois late in 1831, and pronounces the state the best for agricultural purposes between the Mis- sissippi and the Atlantic Ocean. He takes notes of the price of land and the price of products, and accounts for their lowuess very properly. He even says that farm products would still be lower, for says he, all produce the same, and every youth, as soon as he is twenty one years old, sets up in farming. Thus constantly increasing productions, with- out improving the means of transportation to markets. Not satisfied with knowing the value of farm products, he goes into A. R. Skidmore's cabinet-maker shop at Edwardsville to ascertain the prices of all articles of furniture, and learns that a "good workman in this trade earns $1 00 a day and found," — while painters get but 65 cents. J. W. Chenoweth tells him, that he makes common chopping axes for S2 50, and broad axes for S5.00, ploughs 25 cents jier lb., shoes horses new for §1.50, resets old shoes for 50 cents, and irons wagons at 15 cents per pound. He pays his journeymen from $20.00 to $cO (.'0 per month, " finds " them, or allows them to work on shares in profits. J. C. Bruner, the hatter must tell him, that hats of first quality, all beaver, are worth $14.00, of second fiuality $10 00, of thjrd quality $8.00, of fourth quality .$6.50 and fifth quality $4. 50 ; and that his journeymen's wages for making the same ready for coloring are $2.00, $1.75, $1.50, $1.25, or $1.00 each, etc., etc. The doctor studied the difference in the productive power of bottom and prairie lands with great attention, for he had years ago, quit the law and directed his attention to agricul- ture with great success, for, says he, what I lost during the Napoleonic wars and other misfortunes, I have all recovered by agriculture, the noblest pursuit men can follow. (He was an honorary member of the State Agricultural bureau of Great Britain). Not being satisfied with his observations as to the component parts of the bottom and prairie lands, he took a sample of each to Europe, and had a most careful chemical analysis made there of them by Professor Dr G. Sehmeisser, Hamburg, in 1833. Before returning to Europe the Dr bought a large tract of land in the Marine settle- ment, where his son, William H. Gerke, remained. The contents of the work of Mr. Gerke are manifold and com- prehensive. He seemed to have seen everything ; he at- tended church in the stately cathedrals of New York and Baltimore, and Sunday-school in a log cabin in Madi.son county. He was not pleased with the subjects taught in the latter, and emphatically objects to the following questions asked there, to wit: "Who is the devil? What is the devil's character? W^hy was Jesus tempted by the devil ? Where did the devil take Jesus? What did the devil say to him ? And what did Jesus say to the devil ? The Dr. speaks very intelligently about all the diflTerent denomina- tions of Protestants in the United States; he had found time to study their history, organizations and dogmas. He turns his attention to the schools next, eulogizes the public school sy>tera of the eastern states and expresses a hope to see it introduced in Illinois. He has sat on the rough bench of the log-school-house of Illinois, has spent days in seminaries and colleges, and is conversant with the system and the workings of the national military school at West-Point, where he spent several days on his return to New York. He measures the distance between the tires of an American faim wagon in Illinois, finding it to be 60> inches exactly, and then goes east to inform himself on the tariflT; speaks of Henry Clay's new tariff bill as intelligently as a professional could, and denounces the sixteen amendments to the consti- tution proposed by the South Carolina nuUifiers. The doc- tor returns to Europe iu order to arrange his business there for a permanent settlement in America, whose land and peo- ple he has studied and learned to love. He published a beautiful poem about the land of his longings iu a Hamburg paper. He returned to M'adison county in 1834, and located in Heron's Grove, Looking Glass Prairie, where he died in 1842. Gerke was 66 years of age, at the time of his first journey through the Uuited States, a man of uncommon vigor and great determination. His countrymen in Madison county have never had a better or more prominent represen- tative among them than the doctor was. Dr. A. F. Beck, a native of Canton Berne, in Switzerland, arrived in 1834 and located permanently in the Marine settlement, on what is now known as the Brockhaus farm, where he remained until death called him hence — in 1844. Two sons of the doctor — Alfred and Alexander — are citizens of Highland. A. Ruf and F. Starhli, also men of wealth, had come with Dr. Beck, but they were dissatisfied with HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. lOV the general aspects of matters in the settlement. The cora- nuiuieaiions which they had received at home, had led them to expect much more than reality grunted, hence they concluded to return to their native Switzerland. The Marine settlement received most valuable additions in the persons of the Waage, Schmidt, Voight families as early as 1836 or 1837. E. L Yoight died in 1862, C. C Waage in 1866. Andreas Schmidt, Erasmus Schmidt, Julius Voight, surviving sons of the families mentioned above, have been successful in their pursuits. Henry C. Heuer removed his family to the settlement about the year 1814. His surviv- ing son, Henry A. is held in high respect by all. Henry Leutwiler, George Accola, Henry Inibs (dead since 1864), August Iberg, Samuel Iberg and William Jlay arrived about the same time. Four or five years later we find John Eik- niann, Valentin Ottwein, Frederick Wenz and his brothers Jacob, and Louis, Philip and George Volk, Christian Schoeck and others. John Neudecker and H. H. Elbiing came a few years later. John Ntudecker has been a very successful business man. H. H. Elbring stands high in the estimation of all. A few miles north of Marine is another German set- tlement in what is called the Handsbarger neighborhood, the founders of which wereSylv. Utiger, Gustav. Kaufmann, Gottlieb Messcrli, the Daibers, Huerlanders and otLers. Utiger was a Swiss. Several sons survived him, the oldest of whom, R bert D. Utiger, represented his township for years in the board of supervisors. George Schmitt, from Alsace, France, came in 184.5, settled in Alhambra, where he died in 1873. John Wetzel, reared in the celebrated " Latin settlement in Shiloh Valley, St. Clair county, came into the above colony about the year 1849. The German settlement, south of the town of Troy, with its thrifty foreign born population, also belongs to the earlier period of the European settlements. Here are found John Liebler, a resident since 1840, John Widicus, Andrew Langenwalter, Andreas Fehmel, the Schmidts, Loyets, Schwarz, and others. Who does not remember the kind- hearted, benevolent old Mr. Bertram, who died but a few- years ago. Among the foreign born population of Troy, we mention Andrew Mills, Esq., a highly respected native of the Emerald Isle. Andrew Mills came to the county about the year 1841. His fellow-citizens have time and again honored him with official positions, in all of which Mr. Mills has proved himself worthy of the confidence of the peo- ple. And as justice of the peace, who could command jaeace as emphatically as the old Squire ? Frederick Gcrfen has lived in Troy since 1851 ; he is a skillful mechanic and successful dealer. Gustav Vetter, the proprietor of the Troy City Mills, came there about ^0 years ago. His sterling quali. ties as a citizen have repeatedly secured to him the highest political position in the village. Charles Schott, M. D., a learned and skillful physician, has made Troy his home since 1870. Collinsville, city as well as township, has also a numerous population of foreign birth ; a few French, some Irish and Bohemians and many Germans. Among the earliest German farmers of the township we find William Peters, on section nine, who settled there in 1838 ; Fred. Koehler located on section one, in 184:3 ; Gott- lieb Meyer, on twenty-second, in 1846. William Blume, H. Blume, Winter, the Wittes and others, laid the foundations of the prosperous Pleasant Ridge settlem.nit; J. and H. Wendler located on section thirty-five, in 1847, and another Wendler opened a blacksmith shop in Collinsville in the same year ; C. A. Ambrosius, Charles Kreider, Fisher Heinecke, came a few years later. C. W. Krome, for many years a justice of the peace, came to the county in 1850, from Louisville, Kentucky, where he had resided since his arrival from Germany. Hon. W. H. Krome, member of our State Senate from 1>*74 to 1878, is the only surviving son of the Squire. C H. Pabst, the merchant, is an old resi- dent of Collinsville, and so are J. C. Kalbfleisch and John Kuhlenbeck. H. H. Kuhleubeck, a brother of John, was clerk of the Madison county circuit court, from 1868 to 1872 ; he also hailed from Collinsville, and is now a resident of Colorado. The manufactories of Collinsville, flouring mills, distilleries, coal mines, zinc works, etc., etc., were to some extent started by naturalized citizens, among whom was Dr. Octavius Lumaghi, a distinguished Italian. Augustus Finke, for several years city attorney and justice of the peace, is of foreign birth. Captain A. Xeustadt, attorney- at-law, is an Austrian by birth. He is one of the most ac- tive men among the leaders of the Republican party. A large number of Bohemians have of late settled in this and adjacent townships, and Captain Neustadt, one of them, has kindly volunteered to give us the following sketch : THE liOHEJir.VSS numbering about five hundred in this county are true descen- dants of the ancient Czeks, aribustand industrious people, whose highest ambition is, to have and own their home and fire- side. Tired of military de-potism, and an overbearing and oppressive ari-tocracy, they converted their scanty means into money and emigrated to this country, where the insti- tutions and the laws do not smile on the rich and frown on the poor. They did not expect to find rivers of nectar, and the soil covered with manna, but a land where they may enjoy the fruits of their labor. They arrived and were not disappointed. They were naturalized and became citizens as soon as the laws of the state would permit them to do so, and when in the late war their dear adopted fatherland was in danger, 22 of their small number immediately took up arms in defense of the glorious stars and stripes. One became Captain and one 1st Lt. The majority of the Bohemians of Madi.son county consists of well to do farmers, the balance of tradesmen, mechanics and laborers. Martin Smola, Wenzl Smola, Paul Smola, ilathias Scheibal, Jos. Berka, Joseph Kalina, Joseph Czerny and Blazius Bulkacame to this county in 1851 ; in 1852 they were followed by Franc Kubat, Joseph Rossipal, Joseph Engel, John Drozda, Simon Marsthaiek, Mathias Schwetz, Joseph Sedlaozek, John Fperster, and Joseph Zahradnik; in 1853 by Martin Kraus, Mathias Czerny, John Peshta, Albert Janeczek, John Primas, William Primas, Prokop Ilabada, Jakob Mottel, Mathias Kagek, John Krieger, Joseph Blaha, 108 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. iuifl John BuUan ; in 1854 and 1855 A. Ntustadt, Wenzl Skala, Joseph Krakora, Joseph Dworak, John Duban, Wenzl Scheibal, John Stiparck, Wenzl Bandhauer, Mathias Wozteth, Mathias Kratz, Mathias Sashck, Franz Lishka, Peter Slodola, John Petrashck, John Topina, John Czihak, Franz Kessel, Albert Kneisel, Wenzl Tischler, Joseph Wacek and Mathias Zahruba. The center part of the county, the " Goshen " of Ame- rica, had attracted a number of foreigners, even during the pioneer period, as stated heretofore. The naturalization records of the county introduce John Murray, a former sub- ject of his majesty, the king of England, defender of the faith, etc, as the first European naturalized in Madison county. Mr. Murray, a Scotchman of education and wealth, made this part of Madison county his home in 1820. His atten- tion had been called to the resources of Illinois by Birbeck's publications. Mr. Murray, together with his family, jour- neyed from Virginia to Illinois during the fall of 1820, and arrived at Shawueetown, in " ague time." He left the town at once, " plodded his weary way to Goshen," and made his home near William Otwell's farm on the road leading from " Edwardsville to Isom Gillham's bridge on Cahokia Creek" — where he found his countrymen, George and Samuel Davidson. Mr. Murray brought some capital with him, and at the suggestion of IMr. Davidson invested a part of it in founding a hrewcry in 1821, on his farm. This in- stitution was operated for several years, but did not prove to be profitable, and was in consequence abandoned. Farm- ing was next resorted to. In 18-.^7 Mr. Murray resolved to revisit Europe, but was taken sick before he reached the sea. He died in New Orleans ; his family remained in Edwards- ville until 1834, when they removed to Upper Alton. Mrs. Murray is now in her eighty-third year, enjoying physical and mental health to a rare degree. She is the pride and joy of her only surviving son, C. A. Murray of Alton, who is carrying his threescore as lightly and elegantly as ever a mortal did before him. C. A. Murray was sherifl'of Madi- son county from 1852 to 1854. The family of Robert Gordon arrived from Ireland in April, 1822, and made Edwardsville their home. Joseph Gordon, a son of Robert, was ordaiued pastor in the Cum- berland Presbyterian Church in 1842, and entered with great zeal upon the functions of missionary in Southern Illinois. He removed to Vandalia in 1848. Rev. Gordon was a good and very energetic man. His labors in advo- cating temperance and abstinence have made him famous throughout Illinois. Over 7,000 people, signed the pledge at his solicitation. He was nicknamed " Irish Pony " during that period. He died but recently — June 10th, 1882 — at Vandalia. A sister of Rev. Gordon was married to Mat- thew Gillespie, late of Edwardsville. Samuel Burgess, Hugh Kerr, Robert Kelsey, Samuel Morrison, James Pullen, James Paterson, natives of Great Britain, came to the county about ten or twelve years later than the Gordon family. Martin Feehan, an Irishman preceded them ; William Gait, a Scotchman, arrived in 1845. David Morris, also a Scotchman, preceded him, having settled iu 1842, in township 5 — 7. F. T. Kraflfl came to the United States in 1833, and made the Shiloh settlement iu St. Clair county his home. From there he came to Edwardsville, and engaged in mercantile business with great apparent success. He also interested himself in the political questions of the day, and became a man of considerable influence. He was very popular with both native and foreigti-b irn citizens, and was elected sherifl' of Madison county iu 1850. He met with great reverses in the latter part of his life, and died, comparatively speaking, in poverty. F. A. Wolf also " graduated" in the Lateiner settlement at Shiloh, and to this day he assures us that the day.s, months and years, spent at the bachelor's roost on the Engelmann farm, formed the happiest period of his life. Latin farm- ing, however, was not exactly profitable, as F. A. Wolf soon observed, and so he engaged in distilling. He came to Ed- wardsville in the year 1840, engaging in farming and fruit- growing, and his vineyards were the most extensive and productive ones in the county. Three of his sons, F. W., A. P., and Otto, reside in our midst, and, are engaged in operating their extensive coal mines on the " rura paterna ;" a fourth one, Theodor, doctor philosophia;, an out and out " Lateiner," is professor of chemistry at the state unversity of Delaware. Many of our readers will also remember that valiant old Napoleonic warrior, Phil. Fix, as a member of the Wolf family. A number of immigrants from Alsace, France, among them the well known Gerber family, made Edwardsville iheir home at an early day. The Bickelhaupt family, and the Ritters came to Ed- wardsville from St. Clair county, where they had at first located. Henry Ritter was one of the most energetic men of his time in our midst. He was a public-spirited man. Ritter opened the first coal mine in the vicinity, and of course managed it so as to pay him well. An amusing in- cident of his mining period may be related here. His miners, knowing what price coal commanded in those days, went on a strike for higher wages. Ritter granted them im- mediately. Two hours later a second strike was announce*!, and a higher price ; this time, it is ."aid, eight cents per bushel was demanded and allowed. In the afternoon of the same day the miners made a third strike again, demand- ing ten or twelve cents per bushel. Mr. Ritter went to the shaft to deliver the following message : " The hoisting ap- paratus of these mines will be removed within fifteen min- utes; and all miners remaining in the pit longer than fifteen minutes, must provide their own means of getting up and out." This settled matters, and no further strikes occurred. Ritter was successful in all his pursuits; he was a most diligent business man, sober and sagacious. He died quite young, in 1870. Frederick Bohm has been residing in township four — eight, ever since 1839 ; his farm in section nine, is one of the best in the vicinity of Edwardsville. His neighbor Henry Brockmeier, is also an old settler. C. W. Fangen- roth, from Berlin, Prussia, came to Madison county in 1843. Fangenroth is an enthusiastic agriculturist, and one of the most zealous members of the farmers' club. His articles on scientific and practical farming are highly appreciated. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 109 Hfiiry Engelhart, on the Springfield road, settled there in 1841, and is now an honored patriarch among his neighbors. Squire D. C. Scheer came a year later. His possessions in section fourteen, township five — eight, represent a model farm. In the southern part of the township we find the ex- cellent farm of C. P. Smith, who arrived here in 1847, quite a youth. His father, a most prudent man and skillful Daechanic, had the satisfaction of seeing his only son becom- ing the architect of his own good fortune. C. P. Smith operated a saw-mill on his lands for years, and combinations and surrounding circumstances being very favorable, suc- ceeded in amassing a large fortune; he is probably the wealthiest German farmer in the county, owning several farms in the most desirable parts of the county. Conrad Leseman and Caspar Miller, both deceased, belong to the earliest settlers smong the Germans. J. G. Lautner arrived in 1839 ; he too is dead — in 1874. The Stullken brothers and J. B Kleine, sr., also belong to the earlier German immigration, and their most successful ones. Peter Schnei- der, Louis Hill, Frederick Weiss, and Louis Klingemanu, came somewhat later. Fred. Gaertner came to the United States in 1850. He became a resident of this county in 1858, is a successful merchant, and owns now a large and most desirable farm on the Spriugfield road. Gottlieb Stahlhut, Leonhard Eberhard and others belong to a later period. Henry Camman, John and Mathias Buchta, and Ernst Erbe, are the pioueer Germans in five — seven. The foreign-born population of the old " Goshen" district has never assumed the character of separate colonies, and the process of Americanizing has been more ra.\m\ there than elsewhere. Marriages between natives and foreigners have been of common occurrence ever^iuce the first arrivals of the latter. The Germans alone have maintained some of the characteristic features of their nationality to a greater extent. There is a large number of German churches and schools in the townships mentioned, arid it is owing to the zealous and untiring labors of the German clergymen and parochial teachers that the German language has been pre- served for almost two generations. Three or four efforts have been made to establish a German newspaper at Ed- ■wardsville, but all failed. There seems to be no field for such an undertaking in this land of Goshen. Some German societies, " Vereine," however, were organized at Edwards- ville ; the first or oldest of them, the " Turn Verein," has existed since 1858. The founders of this society were G. A. Wolf — brother of F. A., mentioned above, a most amiable and highly educated gentleman, who died in 1869. J. Hammel, now of Lebanon, C. W. Fangenroth, W. Thurnan, John Schlindwein, Ale.xander Kitter, Fritz Hansingcr, Emil Stoll, Alois Knaus, William Brackhaus, J. Brinkman, Jacob Bayer, Martin Ruprecht, George Hoehn, Bernhard Stier, Wm. Bender, Charles Weigel, G. Girnt, and John F- Wielandy ; the latter was subsequently Judge of the Probate Court of Coles County, Mo., and is now a member of the St. Louis bar. The present Mayor of the cily of Edwardsville, Alonzo Keller, is a native of Switzerland. His administra- tion since 1877, has been a great success ; the streets and sidewalks of the city have betn greatly and permanently improved, an efiicient fire-department maintained, and a funded debt of some thirty thousand dollars paid and dis- charged. Cotemporary with the Swiss colony of Highland, the nucleus of a German settlement was formed in township six — eight, near the present village of Prairie city, where F, Jleyer, a North German, entered a tract of land — 1831 — and subsequently opened a farm, which in time became the center of a prosperous settlement of Germans, many of whom now rank among the most successful farmers of the county. The Meyer farm is to this day owned by descendants of the family. The Germans are known to be less inclined than any other people to dispose of the homestead — the rvra paterna of Horace — and start out in search of another The following German families clustered around the Meyer set- tlement ; Adam Hoeh in 1842 ; Mr. Hoeh has befriended many new-comers, by disinterested advice, as well as ready and material help. H. Heyer arrived in 1843, Daniel Schmidt in 1847, Herman Wirsemann, Ludwig Pape, Carl Eugelke, Henry and Christian Knoche, Christian Kurthe, John Schoeneweiss, H. Thurmann, H. Dustmann, J. A. Scherf, Albert Kaiser, Fred. Dustmann, Henry Dorr, for years member of the board of supervisors of Madison county, Henry Rurnhold, Adam Mueller, Klein J. Schumacher, John Schaefer, the Helmkamp brothers and others fol- lowed in the course of a few years. Prairie City and vicinity is at this day an almost entirely German settlement, and can boast of one of the prettiest German church build- ings in the county. Besides this, or joining it, is found a prosperous settle- ment of East Frieslanders, started about the year 1846, by Hiam H. Kaiser, and E. C. Balster, Elke Eden, Martin Aljets and others. A very large foreign-born population is to be met in the western part of the county, principally at Alton. Some, we may say many Europeans have so closely identified them- selves with the growth and developement of this city from the very days of infancy, that personal mention is made of some of them in the historical sketch of Alton. Among the first foreign born citizens of Alton we find G. T Brown and Joseph Brown, Scotchmen, who were in Alton in 1836 ; the former rose from a printer's boy to the position of editor and proprietor of an influential newspaper, the Courier, was a lawyer of great merit and held for years a much coveted oflSce at Washington City. He was a man found worthy of the intimate friendship of the public men at the head of our national affairs and died loved and respected by a large circle of friends — 1881. His library contained the most valuable political works, and his collections of curiosities, many the presents of native and foreign explorers and tou- rists, are gems of treasure. Joseph Brown was mayor of Alton and subsequently of St. Louis. D. D. Ryrie, the banker, and J. A. Ryrie merchant, also Scotchmen, arrived in 1837, about the same time when their countryman Andrew Mather came to Alton, followed by Johu and David Mellen about the year 1840. James Patrick James Mitchell and Peter Robertson are also Scotchmen. Charles Holdeu, Jr., the present postmaster of Alton, no BISTOEY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. is a initive of England, arriving with his father in Alton about the jcar 1841. Andrew JNIaley, an Irishman, came to Alton about the year 1845. He had been for years previ- ously, in the service of the United States, " wintering " sev- eral seasons in Florida. The comforts enjoyed there, while fighting the Seminole Indians, are by no means pleasant recollections. Mr. Slaley commenced his career in Alton as laborer. Diligence and economy, as practiced by him, secured him the friendship and assistance of influential men, and he is soon seen a successful contractor in the very town, where he had toiled as laborer. John E. Coppinger, from Galway, Ireland, arrived in 1849. Mr. C. has occupied a prominent position in his chosen home for over a quarter century, and is now a mem- ber of the State-Board of Equalization of Illinois, f.r this, the 18th Congressional District. James Banuon arrived about the same time. He too has in a high measure, enjoyed the confidence of his fellow citizens, who time and again have elected him to responsible positions, which positions he filled to the satisfaction of the people and to the credit of himself. Thomas Biggins, a native of Mayo County, Ireland, has been an honored and influential citizen of Alton since 1849. R. C. Causley, deputy postmaster of Alton, arrived about the same time. Thomas Richardson, the blacksmith, arrived iu 1848, and John Redmond has betu a resident of the county since 1838. The immigration of subsequent years brought large addi- tions to the pioneer ranks. The historical sketches of city and township make mention of them, as far as they have participated in public life and business pursuits. A few Pennsylvania Germans are found among the early settlers of Alton, as for instance a tavern keeper named Fleischmann. Jacob Schmeer was probably the first Ger- man to settle in Alton. He had a small baker shop which he sold to C'harKs Ubert in 1833. Ubert added a store to the bu.-iuess and was very successful. He died, quite young, iu 1840. Von Stein, a tailor, Holl and Poetgen, masons, J. Herman, J. Landenbergerand C. Walter arrived with Ubert. C. Heitzig, A. Ulrich and J. Wiedfeld, Germans, were then living in Upper Alton, operating a pottery. Paul Walter, Til. Bauer and Johann Forster arrived in 1832, and the latter started a German boarding house soon after. Mathias Schaub, Martin Fischbach and several of those mentioned above went to farming on Coal Branch as early as 1833. Fred. Hoflmeister, who had operated the former bakery of Ubert and connected it with a confectioner shop, erected the first German Hotel, now known as the Empire House, and it was here, the few Germans of Alton Feb. 18, 1849, held an enthusiastic public meeting to express iheir sympa- thies with the revolutionists of Europe and to raise funds to aid the political refugees in their flight to the United States. J. W. Schweppe presided. Dr. Humbert made motions, after motions, and Hornau kept the records. Dr. F. Humbert's native city is Frankfort one of the four small republics of the confederacy of Germany until 18G6. The Dr. had em- igrated in 1833, at the time of the celehrated Frankfort "Attentate," an insurrection undertaken by intellectual youths against the existing order of things. The Dr. came to Upper Alton in 1S3G, was successful in his vocation and became an influential citizen. He identified himself most zealously with one of the political parties, was a prominent and leading man in their councils and is said to have secured the nomination of Robert Smith, the only Madison county man that ever represented this county in the House of Repre- sentatives in Washington City. The Dr. resides now at Alton Many incidents related here are taken from a cen- tennial speech delivered and afterwards published by him. J. W. Schvveppe, now one of the leading merchants and a respected citizen of Alton commenced his Alton career in a baker-shop erected by George Fuls in 1836. Later, in 1841 when Fuls died, this shop was bought by F. W. Joes- ting and William Schweppe. Hornan, a pedagogue by education, kept a saloon. G. H. Weigler, also a pioneer among the Germans, came to Alton in 1838. His labors, hard and scarcely remunera- tive at first, his prudence and his energy have given him a most prominent position among the foreign population not alone of Alton, but in the county and state. He has been a member of the city council or city ofiices since 1854, occu- jiies now the chair of the financial and judiciary committees, and was justice of the peace time out of mind. He was a member of the House of Representatives of the 29th As- sembly of Illinois— 1874 to 1876. Hon. J. H. Yeager was born in Saxe-Weimar, in 1833, and came with his parents to St Louis iu 1834. He subsequently came to Madison county, studied law, graduated at Chicago, and commenced to practice at Alton in 1857. He was as member of the Legislature from 1866 to 1868, and of the senate from 1872 to 1874. In 1880 he was elected county Attorney of Madison county. Mr. Yeager is an excellent lawyer and an exemplary citizen. He has retained full knowledge of the German language, though he came to this country in the 1st year of his life, and is fully conversant with the classics of Germany. Rt. Rev. Bishop H. Damain Juncker, late Bishop of Alton, was horn at Finsingen, Lor- raine, France in 1810, came with his parents to Cincinnati in 1824, where he studied theology, was parish priest at Chillicothe, and Columbus, Ohio, and was made bishop of Alton in 1857. He died there October 2d, 1868. H. Brueg- geman, mayor of the city from 1879 to 1881, is a German by birth and a resident of Alton since 1856. John M. Tonsor has represented the township in the Board of Super- visors since adoption of township organization in 1876. V. Walter, Henry A. Summers, Louis Biekel, Henry Fisch, J. H. Koehne, Lorenz Fahrig, J. J. Kopp, Germans, and J. W. Brain, Jonathan Quarton, John Curdie, Britons, are members of the earlier immigration. The immigration from 1849 to 1864 brought thousands of people to the county, and Alton received a full share of it. The various nationalities are now represented iu all the va- rious vocations of life. Mechanics, farmers, laborers, con- tractors, city-township-and county-oflicials, merchants, arti- sans, attorneys, physicians, even " bloated bond-holders " and coupon clippers, of foreign birth, are successfully com- peting with their native born neighbors. The Germans of Alton found themselves numerous enough HISTORY OF MADISON COUXTY, ILLINOIS. Ill in 1851 to organize their social Yereine. The celebration of the 4th of July, 185], was the first public festival arranged by the Germans, who flocked to Alton in great numbers. The festival was held in a beautiful grove on the Coalbrauch road. Kev. De Therdiug and G. H. Weigler were the orators. Elble's clarinet and Lehman's fiddle furnished the music for young and old. A militia company of St- Louis participated in the frolic, and our Altonians immediately went to work to organize a military company, naming it : Alton Jaeger company, 106 men, rank and file. It was officered by G. H. Weigler, L. Haagen and B. Ruenzi. In 1861 the company, commanded by Capt. John H Kuhn, en- tered into the federal service, as Company A— 9th III. Vol. The chapter on patriotism relates the brave deeds of the men and officers, and gives a list of the fearful losses the company suffered at Shiloh. Capt. Kuhn was promoted Major, and Emil Adams brought the surviving veterans home as their captain, at the end of the war. The " Turn-Verein, "organ- ized in 1853, erected a beautiful building in 1868, and purchased a library of over 1000 volumes to furnish the means of mental culture to all members and friends^ Another Vereiu — Mutual Aid Association, has been a bless- ing to its members ever since its organization in 1856. The founders of this society are G. H. Wtigler, F. Fels, Charles Seybold, P. Sdilauder, Julius AVilhelms and Oberbeck. The financial condition of the association is solid, and all claims have from the beginning been promptly paid. Erwin Lodge No. 315 F. & A. M., with G. H. Weigler, Leonard Stutz, B. Elble, Henry Basse and J. J. Koenig as charter members was opened 1859, w'orking in German. There are two Ger- man Odd-Fellow Lodges in Alton, to wit : Germania Lodge No. 299 and Pestalozzi Lodge No. 367, opened respectively in 1862 and 1867. A German Encampment, Concordia No. 99, was founded in 1869. A " Maenner-Chor " (singing society) was organized in li'-67 and soon after consolidated with the old Turn-Verein. A "Reform-Verein" was organized by the Germans of Alton in 1873 for the purpose of confronting and defeating the threatening prohibitionists. The German Protestants of Alton organized in 1S49. The congregation erected a church edifice in 1851 and also built the first German school in Alton, corner Henry and 8th streets. The first German Catholic church was built in 1859. It was destroyed by the tornado of 1800, but immediately rebuilt, together with parsonage and school-house. The first attempt at publishing a German newspaper, the •' Vorwaerts " (Advance), was made in 1853, the second. Die Freie Presse (Free Press) in 1854, by Schneider and Can- isius, neither of which was a success. Reiss and Weigler commenced the publication of the "Beobachter" (Observer) in 1854, and continued it until 1865. The " Banner" has been published since 1866, (see article on press) In township 6-10 we find but few foreign born citizens of the earlier immigration. R.J. Ingham, who died in 1881, settled there in 1835, Henry Ebbler, in 1841, Louis Ma- sulli an Italian in 1845, and Julius F. Schneider in 1846. James McKenzie, an Irishman, came to Wood river in 1847. Ebenezer Rodgers,an Englishman, arrived in 1834 and died there in 1854. William Badley, another Englishman, settled there in 1840 ; he died in l.Sfio. In township 6-9 we mention Christ. Froark, 1848, William Bierbaum, 1849, and J- D. Heisel, a foreign born citizen of distinction, at one time clerk of the circuit court of ^ladison county — 1872 to 1880-and at present one of the members of the bar of this county. In the American Bottom we find but few immigrants of a very early period, among them Caspar Varnhold, August Ruwisch, August Brandfs, Joseph Froehly, and R. J. Brown. ' Theod. Selb has represented his township in the board of supervi-sors for 5 terras in succession. From the naturalization of the records of the county, 1840 to 1849, we take the fullowing names: F. A. Wolf, Val. Bickelhaupt, F. Pottgen, John Suppiger, Joseph ^liller, Louis Krutli, John Schlup, Jacob Eggen, William Hag- nauer, John Leder, Christian Walter, G. J. Staffelbach, Joseph Koepfli, Nic. Heintz, Martin Fischbach, Henry Bernius, Christ. Draper, Christian Branger, Matth. Schieffer- koetter, J. Leon Scherer, Anton Schmidt, Charles Pabst, C. A. Kluge, Christian Waage, G. M. Suppiger, Carl Mueller, David Suppiger, Carl Dandermann, Jacob Durer, Theodore Miller, F. H Kiceleman, Fred. Deterding, Conrad Leseman, William Stein, Bernhard Suppiger, Charles Kinnc, Lorenz Wickenhauser, Jacob Kircher, Henry Ludwig, M. Huegv, Xavier Suppiger, Anton lUichmann, Will Lange, G H. Weigler, Mathias Lconhardt, Ludwig Nagal, John Eschen- burg, Andrew Rienzi, J. E. Blattner, Joseph Buchman, Anton Ulrich, M. W. AVackerle, John Guggenbuehler, Louis Hess, John Iberg, Martin Schmidt, Charles Schoeck, Peter Grass, John Blattner, Sebastian Huedy, Nic Mueller, Jacob Krucker, Melchior Weber, Anton Fisher, Fred Weber, J. G. Spengel, Jacob Spiess, Bartholomew Ruenzi, John Weittfeld, Bernhard Koepfli, J. F. Lohmann, William Blumer, Henry Altag, D. Warenburg, .Tohn Leutwiler, John Marti, Andrew Guntley, Joseph Wildhaber, Joseph Leuienberger, F. R. Birtsch, John Dotterweich, J. F. Hoflnieister, J. H. Kinne, P. A. Schiedhering, Christian Kaufmann, Paul Ambuehl, Christian Brase, Henry Schmidt, German and German-speaking Swiss; T. C. Clifford, John Mulady, John Glass, Sam. McKitlrick, Thomas Carr, W. Booth, Hugh Black, John Hogan, Malichy Holland, James Shannon, John Jeffrey, Martin Holland, John Forster, Pat Dunn, George Thorp, Dr. John Lee, Hugh Rice, John Lock, W. Peel, Andrew Rosberry, John Rowe, James Heslap, Dav. McNeil, Pat Welch, Thomas Brown, Will Vail and Harrison Perrin, Great Britain and Ireland, J. George Kaindel, Austrian, Fred. L. Durance. Frenchman, and St. A. Wyszomirski, Prussian. Further naturalization of foreigners 1849 to 1864: — Henry Scheer, F. J. Springer. Nich. Bickelhaupt, Gregor Hirsch, Rudolf Bircher, Adolf David, George Ruegger, political refugee of Switzerland, subsequently sherifiT of the county, Oliarlej Stsiaer, J,)nis B.irdill, J. B. Kirri, John Schumacher, Jacob Iberg, Henry Kuhlmann, Christ. Wedman, Paul Walter, Fred Buehler, D. Weisemann, Ca.spar Britt, Peter Britt, John Reisser, Christian Hirni, shipwrecked and drowned on the coast of England in May, 112 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 1876. Peter Frutiger, W. Gerkemeier, Michael Lambert, Stephen Marguth, Anton Cueler, Conrad Ort, Beatus Mueller, Wolfgang Lautner, Jacob Kolb, Leonard Flachen- ecker, Henry and John Epping, Henry AVestenhoff, F. W. Joesting, A. G. Schroeder, Henry Kramer, A. H. Bias, Conrad Hille, William Hoppe, H. C. Brasse, C Meyer, Louis Stock, Jacob Weber, Jerome Pl'aff, Jacob Simon, John Dauwalter, Landoliu Walter, H. J. Hendrich, Ernst Erbe, Anton Ulrich, Adam Nagel, John Sommerfield, Henry Brandes, Julius Voigt, John Hagemann, Peter Dorr, T. Bruckner, Henry Hermann, Christ. Bleisch, John Zobrist, xVdani Hoeh, J. A. Goot, John Senu, Henry Weitkamp, William Rinne, Oswald Rothe, J. G. Billner, J. A. Schreppel, Charles Strassen, M. Ambrosius, Fred Bonn, Joseph Gottlob, Dan Rouiger, Joseph Winter, John Heister, John Meier, Anton Weisseuriether, Sylvan Utiger, Philip Fischer, Christian Schneider, Andrew Bauer, Caspar Goet- ten, Edwin Weitmeier, Constant Rilliet, (Associate Justice of Madison county 1861 and 1862;. John Balsiger, Her- man Giesse, Arnold Rietman, Ferdinand Balsiger, Jacob Zobrist, Anton Gruenfelder, J V. Metzger, Henry Bender, Christian Wurrker, George Gertie, Stephen Knaus, Joseph ZiUman, Jacob Bauer, Fred Werker, Sol Bauer, William Maehler, Gabriel Ostrich, Daniel Wild and John Utiger, from Germany or Switzerland, W. Bendle, Rob. Hobson, Charles Eardly, Andrew Mills, David Summs, William Nixon, Thomas Locke, William Watts, Edw. Rutledge, Charles Morley, James Farrell, James Patrick, John John- ston, Thomas Riley, Pat Collins, John MuUern, ^Thomas, Magher, James Mahoney, Pat McErlean, Peter Dimond, Will Squire, Joseph Purcell, F. C. lieall, Pat Carroll, Jqhn Harman, John Browell, Rob. Mitchell, and Edw. Coppinger from Great Britain and Ireland. C L. Bernays, republic of France. This closes the list of pioneer immigrants from Europe. There were undoubtedly many more immigrants than are mentioned here. The Constitution of 1848 granted the riwht of suffrage to all bona fide residents of the state, ■whether naturalized or not, and as the right of voting was with many the only coveted boon of citizenship, they never applied for naturalization papers. We introduce a tabular statement of the number of foreign-born citizen naturalized since 1854. I'd II . £ i .9 •5 ^ .a £ a o ma 1S55 186G 1«57 1.S58 18.W ]8iai* 18U1 1862 18li3 ]8(!4» 1805 48 110 189 200 184 196 600 14 56 02 3.i3 47 i 74 .13 22 169 i:i 38 37 H6 15 11 14 109 11 9 ■ ■ a" .... 1 4 ' ' 1 ' 4 1 ' ' l' \ 7 27 3 14 22 1 6 6 4 14 8 3 2 13 2 1 6 3 21 2 11 1 1SI17 39 1808* 2<7 18K9 21 187U 22 1 1 ....'.... >>§ la II "5 -a <: Italy. Fiance, Denmai-k. ■a c 'U 47 144 10 26 32 96 9 10 11 95 17 7 32 2 5 3 78 1 3 2 26 1 7 1 1 3 6 1 1872* 1 1 1 1 1 1874 1 1 1»77 1878 1 .... 3 1 1 1 1881 Total since 1854. Pioneer Immigrat'n 1812 10 1854. 2.983 199 971 02 137 1 3 69 2 24 2 G Grand total 3.182 1.033 138 3 61 ' 24 2 Or 4451 in the aggregate. ♦Presidential years when votes were in demand. The survivors of these together with their descendants make up about one half of the population of the county. These people have contributed their full share to develop the county to what it now is; they have helped to build your churches and school-houses, to open and cultivate the countless farms of a county, peer to all sister counties ; they have entered into the bowels of the earth to hoist up the treasures of the mines, and they have built your railroads ; and not that alone. When the government called for men to carry the flag of the republic against foreign enemies or insurgents and revolutionists at home, the foreign-born citizens responded readily and patriotically to rival with the native born in defending the republic and maintaining its integrity. There was a time when the native American thought the sacred institutions of his land endangered by a too numerous revolutionary element, filled with Utopian ideas, wholly foreign to the sober and stalwart American. The wild and confused utterances and doctrines of the French socialists and revolutionists, as for instance : " Prop- erty is theft," and many others of similar bearing, were calculated to create alarm. This feeling, together with a degree of envy harbored by indolent people, made itself most plainly felt when the revolutionists of 1849 were being naturalized in 1854 and 1855. The hostility of the Know Nothing party against the for- eign element, which led to serious difficulties in various parts of the country, was scarcely felt in Madison county, and the triumphs of that party here were of short duration. The foreign born citizens have also shared to a most liberal extent, the honors of public life, bestowed upon them by the votes of their native neighbors and fellow citizens. Among the officers entrusted with the government of the county we find George Barnsback in 1819 as commissioner. Constant Rilliet,* in 1861-1862 as associate justice, Xavier Suter, his *Rilliet wa."* born in Geneva, January 28, 1820, son of Col.Killiet, who while serving under Napoleon I was decorated on the battle-field with the Cross of the Legion of Honor. Billiet was a man of splendid education, master of nearly all modern languages; emigrated in 1848 and settled at Highland, where lie succeeded Adolph Olock, E-iq., ia the consulate of .Switzerland. The public schools of Highland are in- debted to Rilliet for his successful efforts in that direction. Rilliet died on the lOlh of October,' 1802. HISTORY OF 2[ADIS0N COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 113 successor, was also a native of Switzerland, to which he returned in 1869, Anthony Suppiger of Saline township was associate justice from 1865 to 1869. Henry C. Gerke, a native born citizen of ISIadison county, but of German de- scent, was associate justice from 1869 to 1874. R. W. Crawford and John Bardill were members of the board of county commissioners in 1S74 and 1875. Fred T. Krafi'c, a German, was sheriff from 1850 to 1852 !Mr. Kratft belonged to the pioneer Germans of 1831. His first American home had been St. Clair county. He was a man of excellent qualities, popular, and loved by all who knew him. We have mentioned above the Barnsbacks as typical North Germans, and Krafft may be considered the typical South German. C. A. Murray, was sheriff from 1852 to 1854; George Reugger, a Swiss, from 1864 to 1866, and R. W. Crawford, an Irishman, from 1870 to 1872. Among the coroners we find P. F. Regan, an Irishman, from 1864 to 1860, Jonathan Quarton, an Englishman 1868 to 1870 and W. H. Greipenberg, a German 1872 to 1874. Walton Rut- ledge, also of foreign descent has been county surveyor since 1875. A. A. Suppiger, son of Anthony Suppiger the only survivor of the pioneers of the Swiss Colony at Helvetia, was superintendent of public schools from 1873 to 1877. B E. Hoffmann, was county clerk from 1869 to 1877. H. H. Kuhlenbeck, clerk of the circuit court from 186S to 1S72, J. D. Heisel from 1872 to 1880, when he was succeeded by William Daech, the present incumbent. Thomas Kennedy was treasurer from 1867 to 1875, and Adolph Ruegger since 1877. In the legislative council of 1812 and 1814 we find Samuel Judy — Swiss extraction, representing Madison county; in the House of Representatives, 1832 to 1838. James Seniple a Scotchman, John Hogan from 1836 to 1838, John Bailhache 1842 to 1844, George Barnsback 1844 to 1846, Wra. F. De Wolf from 1846 to 1848, J. H. Yager 1866 to 1868, Theodor Miller 1870 to 1872. In the Senate J. H. Yager from 1872 to 1874 and W. H. Krome from 1874 to 1878, in the House of Representatives. Henry Weinheimer 1872 to 1874, G. H. Wcigler lfs74 to 1876, and Jones Tontz from 1880 to 1882. John E. Coppinger, an Irishman, is at present a member of the State Board of Equalization. The number of foreign born local and municipal officers is legion. Madison county has of course seen many of her citizens, native as well as foreign born, called to hold federal offices. A foreigner— Mr. Cauisius of Alton was appointed by Lincoln to the consulate at Vienna, the gay capital on the beautiful blue Danube, where he remained until 1S65, when he was recalled. — Later, after a lapse of years, during which he officiated as penitentiary commissioner, his consular star rose again, though with splendor lessened. The former consul general of Austria had to content himself with the simple- consulate at Bristol, England. After a time he was trans- ferred from the banks of the famous Avon to those of the obscure Geeste, at Geestemuende. His stay there was but brief, for others, ready to accept consular positions, looked with longing eyes in the very direction of Geestemuende, on account of its proximity to Bremeu and the pleasures of the 15 Bremen Rrathskeller. The doctor hastened to Washington to save his official head, but came too late. Pres. Arthur, though Geesterauenda was disposed of, concluded to retain the services of Canisius, sent him as consul to our very an- tipodes, on the Islands of the South Sea. There he resides now at a village called Apia, the capital of the Samoa Islands. While a resident of the county, Canisius was con- nected with a German newspaper, ])uhlishcd in Alton. The process of americanizing the foreign element, slow at first, is now perceptibly advancing. The struggle to per- petuate foreign tongues has been brave and manly. Cler- gymen and teachers aided by journalists have made a noble and splendid fight to save and preserve the language spoken in the fatherland, and it is owing to their efforts and cease less laobrs, that the second and third generations have retained so much of the language of their ancestors. CHAPTER IX. CIVIL HISTORY. TERRITORIAL TI.MES, 1812 TO 1819. BY B. E. HOFFMANN. IHE organization of Madison county was by no means the work of its inhal)itants. The republic of the United States of America had not yet become a govern- ment of the people, by the people, and for the people, as Abraham, Lincoln happily called it in his famous speech, delivered on the battle field of Gettys- burg. In the days in which the history of Madison county began, it was thought safer to have the men in power think for the mas.ses than to have them act on their own thoughts. The republican form of government was still new and on trial. Illinois had on February 3d, 1809, by act of Congress become one of the territories of the United States. Ninian Edwards, at the time Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, was ap|)ointed governor of the newly organized territory on the 24th day of April, 1809. The governor, and territorial judges constituted the legislative body, and on the Uith of Jun'3, 1809, re-enacted such of the laws of Indiana territory, with which the people, who fur nine years had formed a part thereof, were fatiiliar, and as were suitable and applicable to Illinois. ^lany of their laws were those, which, without even change of phr.iseology, had either been originally im- ported or enacted by the authorities of the old Northwestern Territory. Some of these laws will be specially mentioned hereafter. The population of the territory at the time of its organi- zation was estimated at 9,000. The frontiers had been 114 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. steadily advanced by adventurous pioneers, who had esta- blished permanent settlements in the north in the •' Wood- river " regibu, as early as 1804. The settlements, however, were very sparse and feeble, and remained so until after the ■war of 1812, as immigration had been at a perfect stand still for a period of five years, to wit: from 1810 to 1815. Governor Edwards organized the counties of St. Clair and Randolph by his proclamation April 28th, 1809. A county of St. Clair had heretofore existed, as organized by proclamation of Arthur St. Clair, "governor or commander- in-chief of the territory of the United States, northwest of the river Ohio, on the 27th of April, 1790" Th'^ boun- daries of this St. Clair county were more modest than those of the new county of St. Clair, as they extended only to the confluence of Michilliakinack and Illiuoise rivers in the north, while the new county of St. Clair embraced all the territory north to the south boundary line of Canada. The third county of Illinois, in chronological order of organization was Madison, named so by Governor Edwards in honor of his friend, the President of the United States. As said above, the people living in the county had no Toice in organizing it, its political existence was called forth by A PROCLAMATION. " By virtue of the power vested in the governor of the Territory, I do hereby lay off a county or district, .to be called the county of Madison, to be included within the following bouuds, viz. : To begin on the Jlississippi, to run ■with the second township line above Cahokia East until it strikes the dividing line between the Illinois and the In- diana territories, thence with said dividing line to the line of Upper Canada, thence with said line to the Jlississippi, and thence down the Mississippi to the beginning. "I do appoint the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick to be the seat of Justice of said county." "Done at Kaskaskia, the 14th day of September, 1812, and of the Independence of the United States the thirty- seventh. jSTinian Edwards. [seal.] Nathaniel Pope, Secretary." Thus the county of Madison was ushered into existence. It extended from the Wabash river on the East to the Mis- sissippi on the West, from its present boundary in the South to the howling wilderne-s in the North. It would appear, however, that the governor was not accurately informed and advised as to the political geography of the land, for the actual northern boundary of Illinois never extended to Canada. The territory of Michigan, was organized in 1805, and it embraced also the present states of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, thus cutting Illinois off from the southern boundary line of " Upper Canada." The first territorial legislature of Illinois, composed of five senators and seven members of the house was convened at Ka.skaskia on the 2.5th of November, 1812. An election had been held, in Madison county soon after its organization, fir the purpose of electing a senator and rep- resentative. All researches to find the original poll books of this election have been in vain. These books, together with countless othtr papers have been destroyed, or sold for waste paper!! It is therefore impossible to introduce here the names of the voters at this first election of the county, all the chronicler can do is to relate who were elected. Samuel Judy (see pioneers), had been elected senator, and William Jones represenative. The latter is also spoken of in the chapter on pioneers and early settlers. He held various county offices, as hereinafter mentioned. In later years Jones seems to have been an influential member of the third house. The writer was shown a letter written by Jones at Vandalia, December 2.3d, 182.3, directed to Doctor Erastus Brown, at Alton, and mailed at Eilwardsville on the 2.5th of December; the letter, still in existence and in possession of Mrs. Willard Flagg of Fort Russell, is worded as follows : "Dear Sir: — " A.s we had the fortune lo get a l,iw passed to build a peniten- tiary at or near Alton, I have thought it a.lvisable, if it should meet your approbation, for you lo draw up a petition, and get the people to sign it for a small county, beginning at the mouth of Wood river> thence up said river to Captain Little's, thence a northea.sterly course to the middle of the Prairie, between the timber of Wood river and Indian Creek, thence up .said Prairie to encompass! the timbtr of the East Fork of said Wood river, one mile or two North in the Prairie thence taking in all Wood river and the Piasa timber to some point on the Illinois or Mississippi river, as you and the peojde may think most advisable, not to encroach on Green county too far, lest their iiiembcrs here ^houl/ not approve of it. If you tliink proper please be in haste, likely the assembly will rise not far from the 20th of January. It is in the power of the legislature to pass a law lo that effect, al- though the re(juirememt'i of the lair should not be futjilled on that occasion, " With senlimtnts of respect, I rumain yours, etc. WlLI-I.VM JOXES." Mr. Jones was at that time not a member of the senate nor of the house, and as he started out with the personal pronoun of the first person in the pleural number, we, i.e., the outsiders, jobbers, etc., it may be safe to put him down as a member of the third house, the concluding sentence of this letter — although the requirements of the law should not be fulfilled on that occasion, is more forcible than moral. But to return to the subjtct matter. The legisla- ture of 1812 passed an act to fix the place of holding courts in the several counties dated December 25th, 1812, of which the parts relating to Madison county are as follows : " That the place of holdingcourts in Madison county shall be at the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick until the judge of the court of Common Pleas shall provide proper accommo- dations at the place to be fixed on by the commissioner.?. " To fix the permanent seat of justice of Madison county, Paul Beck, Dr. Cadwell, Alexander Waddle, George Moore, James Renfro, Johti Kirkpatrick, and Ephraim Wood, are appointed coramisiioners to meet on the first Monday in February, 1813, — they shall proceed to designate a conve- nient place for fixing a county seat for the erection or pro- curement of convenient buildings for the use of the county, taking into view the situation of the settlements, the geo- graphy of the country, the convenience of the people, and the eligibility of the place, which place so fixed on, the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 115 commissioners shall certify under their hands and seals to the nest court of Common Pleas, which said court shall cause an entry thereof to be made on their records, and it shall be the duty of the court of Common Pleas as early as practicable, after the place so designated shall be fixed upon to cause suitable buildings to be pro- vided thereat, and to cause a purchase of such a quan- tity of land to be made for the use of the county, and to erect a court-house and jail, and to make such other im- provements thereon as they may deem expedient from time to time. The commissioners named above must have failed to agree on a " permanent" seat of government, for they did not re- port to the Court of Common Pleas at their next meeting, as required by the act of the legislature. This first meeting was held at the house of Thonas Kirkpatrick on the oth of April, 1813. Later, January 14th, 1814 — the Court ordered the sherifif to notify the several commissioners appointed by Jaw to fix the place for the public buildings (court-house and jail), for Madison county to meet on the last Monday in January at Thomas Kirkpatriek's, to be qualified to enter on their duty as the law directs The records do not con- tain an account of further proceedings, but as the building of a jail was contracted for with William Ottwell, it is to be presumed that the troubles in reference to selecting a per- manent seat of government had been overcome. The site selected remained the "seat of government" for a period of over forty years, and has recently become the property of the Edwarilsville public school di-strict. Those forty years were by no means enjoyed in peace and quietude, for a fierce struggle to change the location took place among the citi- zens of Edwardsville in 1821, and was the cause of some of the best men, citizens of the town, leaving the same, never to return. The losses then and thus suffered, have been of dire consequence, and wounds iuilicted have left sores which are still perceptible. The United States Census of 1810 returned a total of 12, 282 inhabitants in the state, of whom 163 were slaves, and 613 colored people, free or apprenticed. Randol])h county counted 7,275 and St Clair county 5,007, Madison county, or more properly speaking, that part of St. Clair, which became MadLson county in 1812 may have contained probably one sixth of the population ; less than 3 000 in number. The chapter on pioneers contains a more detailed account, and points out the location of various settlements near the Mississippi, along Cahokia and its branches, on Wood river and its forks on lower Silver creek and also on Shoal creek. The pioneers, coming from woodland states, naturally squatted on lands well stocked with timber. The public lands of Illinois had not been surveyed at that early date and so they had not yet been brought into the market. A number of " claims, " embracing about 10,000 acres of land, had been located in various parts of the county before the formation of the county. These" claims" were of four distinct species : 1st Those founded on ancient grants derived from the government of France. None of these were however confirmed in the limits of Madi=ou county. 2d. Those founded on the grant of a donation of four hun- dred acres to each of those who were heads of families in the county at or before the treaty with England in 17S3 ; they were known in this county under the name of Cahokia head- rights. The archives of St Clair county contain a census of Cahokia and vicinity taken by order of Governor St. Clair, and verified before \Villiam St. (JIair, recorder, in 17S)0- This census taken to ascertain the number of families residing there in 1783 or prior, recites the names of ninety nine fam- ilies who were enticled to these head-rights. A few of these claims were located in this ounty, to wit: 400 acres in T. 3. R. 10 opposite Cabaret Island, granted to Ale.xis Buyatte and affirmed to Nicholas Jarrot : 40() in Sec. 32, T. 3-9 granted to Jacque Germain and aftirmed to Jarrot ; and 400 acres in Section 35 and 30, T- 3-i)-Monk's Mound granted to Jean Baptiste Gonville and affirmed to Jarrot; 3d. Those founded and having actually improved and cultivated land in the country, — the so called Virginia improvement rights of 400 acres each: 400 acres of those are found in thi^ county to the heirs of Jame< Biswell in Township 3-7 extend- ing intoSt. Clair c )uiity ; 400 acres in section 20, T. 4-8, on the blutfs in the Goshen settlement, granted to Ah-xauder Dennis and affirmed to William B )lin Whiteside, (2d .sherill of the county ; ) 40 J acres to the heirs of Samuel Worley, sec. tion 6 in T. 3-9, one of the oldest improvements in the county ; 400 acres to Nick Jarrot, assignee of Joseph Hanson, in See. 26, T. 3-9 ; 400 acres George H. Dougherty, sections 25 and 26 in T. 3-10 ; 400 acres to Nicholas Jarrot for Baptist Lionais, in Sec. 32 T. 5-9 ; this land has all bfcu washed away by the river ; 400 acres to Isaac Darneillc a.ssiguee of Isaac Levy, part only in this county — in Sections 34 and 35 T. 3 9; 400 acres to Jarrot assignee of Michael Pichette, Sec. 31 T. 3-9; and 400 acres to Isaac Wert, in Sec. 29 T. 3-8 ; this tract was surveyed in 1802; and 4th those having been enrolled on the 1st of August 17!'0 and done duty in the militia. Each enrolled militia man was entitled lo 100 acres of land. There were many of these rights located in the county, although but few in the name of the original grantees, to wit : 100 acres to Jean Brugier — Nicholas Jarrot, located on the river, and now gone; 100 acres to James Haggin, assignee of M. Rene Bouvet in Sec. 22 and 23-T. 4-8 ; 100 acres each to Louis Biboux, Jacob Judy, Louis Laflamme and Francis Ritchie, assigned to Samuel Judy in Sections 32 and 33 in 4-8, one of the oldest, pro- bably the oldest improvement in the county. Judy planted an orchard there in 1801 ; the 1st brick-house built in the county was erected there in 1808; it is still standing; 100 acres to Isom Gillham, assignee of Louis Bison, in Sec. 5 T. 3-8; 100 acres to John Whiteside, assignee of George Biggs, in Sec. 17, T. 5-9. This was the site of the town of Milton. 100 acres to Nick Jarrot, assignee of Jean Beau- lieu, Sec. 7 in 4-8 ; 100 acres to John Rice Jones, assignee of Francois Cam peau, 100 acres to Louis Ilarmond, 100 acres to Constant Longtemps. 100 acres to Dennis Levertue, 100 acres to Philip Le Boeuf, 100 acres to Joseph Lcmarch, 100 acres to Pierre ]Martin Jr., 100 acres to Jacque Mulot, 100 acres to Joseph Poirier and 100 acres to Jean Baptiste Rap- palais. These 1000 acres were located in Sections 1 and 12 of 3-10 embracing Chouteau and Cabaret Islands ; 100 acres 1J6 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. to John Briggs, assignee of Pierre Clement, Sec. 36 in 3-10; 400 acres to John Bloom, assignee of Frank Colline, Thos. Callahan, J. B. Derousse St. Pierre and Fr. Deneme in Sec- tions 31 and 32 T. 3-8. 200 acres toUel Whiteside assignee of Elisha Harrington and John Whiteside in Sections 1 and 2 T. 3-8; 100 acres to Nicholas Jarrot, assignee of Charles Hebert, Section 8 and 9 in 4-9, now in the river ; 200 acre^ to Nicholas Jarrot, assignee of Baptiste Lecompt and Barzle Lecompt, in Section 17 T. 4-9 ; 100 acres to Thomas Kirk- patrick, assignee of Louis Le Brun Jr., Section 23 in 4-8 ; -00 acres to Henry Cook, asssignee of Francis Louval and AVilliam Young Whiteside, in Sections 4 and 5, 8 and 9 in T. 3-8; 100 acres to Thomas Kirkpatrick, assignee of Pierre Lejoy in Sections 2 and Bin 4-8 ; the north-western part of Edwardsville. The house of Thomas Kirkpatrick stood on this tract, and from here vrere the first official papers of the county sent forth, the Honorable Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of iladison county, John G Lofton and Jacob Whiteside held their first session in said house on the 5th of April 1813. 200 acres to Benjamin Casterline, assignee of Levi Piggott and Louis Rhelle in Section 29, T. 3-8 ; 100 acres to Nich. Jarrot, assignee of Joseph St. Ives, Section 17 in 4-9 (now in the river ), 100 acres to David Waddle and 100 acres to Alexander Waddle, Sec- tions 31 and 32 in 4-9. The reader will perceive that but a very few of these militia rights had remained in the possession of the original owners. These owners were principally Frenchmen, ever rtady to sell their militia or family rights, provided they could obtain " I'argent" for tlie same. The records of St. Clair county give an account of the earlier transactions of this kind. Joseph Chennie sold his militia right to Will. Arundel for ^17.00 on the 7th of Jan- uary, 1796, first sale on record-and obtained the best price ; Joseph La Plat and Augustus Clermont sold theirs, a few days later, the one for $15.50, the other for $12.00, which latter was the lowest price paid for a militia right. The so called head-rights of 400 acres, do not show so much uniformity in price. Joseph Lambert was the first to sell, his 400 acres to Philp Engel on the 5th of February 1793 for §120. Tom. Brady, in 1794, sold his to William Arun_ del for 845, and William St. Clair bought the head rights oj Joseph Boisvenue and Mary Mooney, 800 acres for §40.00 The entering of lands in Madison county commenced in 1814, when the land had been surveyed up to the fifth township line. The south boundary line of the county, the township line between towns 2 and 3 were surveyed in 1S07 and and 1808, by John Messenger. He commenced his work in township 3 — 8. The tow-uship line between town 3 and 4 and 4 and 5 were surveyed in 1808 by J. Milton Moore and Messsenger. The subdivision lines were run several years later in 1813 and 1814; the township boundary line between towns, 5 and 6 were surveyed about the same time and the subdivision lines of ihe four tiers of townships were completed in 1818. Besides the surveyors mentioned above the records give the names of T. W. Thurston, Enoch Moore, J. S. Conway, William Rector, Charles Powell, H. Morley, E. Barcroft, George Frazur, G. Marshall, Joseph Borough, Gilbert Marshall, Jacob Judy, D. A. Spaulding, Gershom Flagg and J. D. Bates, as surveyors, connected with the geographical subdivisions of the county. The French hunters and traders who were undoubtedly the first white people to come to these regions, did not remain — at any rate their number was very small at the time of the political organization of the county. A hardier and more energetic class of people, coming from the older states, principally Virginia and Kentucky, had found their way to the modern " Goshen" and concluded to remain and develop the wonderful resources of this beautiful land- Pennsylvania too had sent a number of her industrious and frugal sons, and even a few Europeans of pluck and talent had made Madison county their home, before it was known under that name. Among the early inhabitants were also a small number of French monks, Trappists who had come to the United States in 1803, under the leadership of Dom Augustin Lestrange. They first located in Pennsylvania removed to Kentucky in 1805, and to Missouri, at Floris- sant near St. Louis in 1808. In 1809 they settled on a huge mound now named after them, and universally known as Monk's Mound their residence. They abandoned the Mound in 1813 and removed to Nova Scotia. Another factor of the population, more permanent and prolific, was the negro, free, as indentured servant, or as slave. As seen above, the colored population of Illinois amounted to 781 individuals according to the census of 1810, and as the negro, or more properly the slavery (juestion became a prominent one during the infancy of the state, we therefore introduce the subject here. SLAVES AND INDENTURED BLACKS. A number of readers may wonder at this caption. Slavery in Illinois! Why, the very ordinance of Congress creating the Territory North West of the Ohio River decreed that neither slavery or involuntary servitude should exist in it. How then could that institution be established ? The fact is that the ordinance of July 13, 1787 found slavery in this and other parts of the vast territory, as will readily be seen from the following: The first slaves may have been brought to Illinois by Antoine Crozat and his followers about the year 1713 or 1714. King Louis XIV of France had, on the 14th of Sep- tember 1712, exactly one hundred years prior to theorj^aniz- ation of Madison county, granted to said Crozat letters patent to the vast regions extending from Upper Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Crozat arrived in 1713 and com- menced mining operations in the vain hope of finding precious metals. His followers were suffering with climatic diseases, and therefore a number of blacks were imported from the French West India Islands. Crozat's exploits, however, failed entirely and he returned to France in 1717, surrendering his grants to the crown. Frangois Renault, manager of the affairs of a company of adventurers, sent out by the " company of the Indies," to whom the royal domain, refused by Crozat, had been granted in 1719, brought five hundred negro slaves to Illinois, land- HIS TORY OF MA DISON CO UNT Y, ILLINOIS. 117 ing them a little above Kaskaskia in what is now Monroe county. The conditions of the grant were, that at least 6000 whites and 3000 blacks should be brougiU to the territory within 25 years from the date of the grant. By the condi- tions of the peace of Paris, February 10, 17G3, the territory was ceded to England, and on taking possession of it in 1764, General Gage, commander in chief of the English troops in America and governor, issued a proclamation in the name of the crown of England, December 30, 1764, in which all the rights and privileges heretofore enjoyed by the then inhabitants of the ceded territories were guaranteed to them. Sieur Stirling, captain of the Highland regiment brought this proclamation to Cahokia in person. During the revolutionary war, Virginia sent out an expedition uude Col. Clark to take possession of this territory with result as stated heretofore. Virginia in her turn readily guaran- teed to the inhabitants of the conquered territories all their prior rights and titles to property of every description. The territory remained a province of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when it was ceded to the United States by a formal deed in which the rights and privileges of the inhabitant were of course again guaranteed. Hence it was afterwards strenuously contended that the ordinance of 1787, prohibit- ing slavery conflicted with the deed of cession and was there- fore of no binding effect, as the system had legitimately existed in the territory prior to 1787. It is not the province of the chronicler of a county sketch to follow this subject through its various stages at length. It took years of bit:er strife, causing even the shedding of blood, before the last vestiges of the institution of slavery had been wiped out in the state. Suffice it to saj', that the leader in the struggle, the man who conquered the hydra- headed monster in the state was an honored citizen of Madi- son county, Governor Edward Cole aided by Hooper Warren, editor of the Edwardsville Spectator, George Churchill, Captain Curtis Blakeman, members of the legislature ajd others from this county, as well as by the prominent anti- slavery men of the state. It should here be stated that Gov. Cole as well as many of the leading anti-slavery men were born and raised in slaveholding states and had owned slaves themselves. They had studied the pernicious consequences of the system, and therefore fought it, all honor to them .' The fruits of their labors ripened in 1861. What might have been the result of our civil war if Illinois, and j)erhap3 Indiana, too, had been members of the Southern Con- ederacy ? The struggle to defy the stipulations of the famous ordi- nance of 1787 was scarcely perceptible before the beginning of this century. The feeble efforts made by several citizens of the territory to have Congress reconsider the anti-slavery proviso were ineffectual and even hurt and injured the very men who made them. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 added a vast empire of slavery territory to the United States, the present state of Missouri with it, and it was not until the few and scattering settlers of this territory saw well-equipped emigrants from the southern states pass through Illinois bound for Missouri, where slavery was not prohibited, that the actual agiiation for introducing or legal- izing it here, also, was inaugurated. It must have been provoking to see a desirable population turn iheir backs t) the beautiful lands on the east bank of the Mississippi and cross over to select inferior land for their settlement;. Hon. Jos. Gillespie tells an anecdode of a rawbonded Tennesseean passing with his family and property through Edwardsville on his way to Missouri. Being asked why he would not rather remain here than move further on, he opened his big mouth, saying: "Your sile is rich and fertile and the Country is fine, but God dern ye, a man is not allowed to own niggers here." But to return to the subject, it should be stated that the ordinance of 1787 was prospective only and did not affect the condition of the French slaves or their descendants. The legislature of Indiana passed various acts in Septem- ber 1807 (Illinois was at that time a part of Indiana) by which at least a temporary and modified form of slavery was effected. Negroes were brought into the state or terri- tory and there held as indentured servants. This act pro- vided that the owner of a person owing labor (slave) may bring such person into the territory and agree with him before the Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of the county upon a term of service after the expiration of which the slave should be free. The ignorance of the poor blacks was taken advantage of for most of them would just as readily bind themselves for ninety-nine as for ten or fifteen years. The reader will find a number of such contracts below. The Clerk of the Court, Josias Randle, made a sarcastic remark on the margin of the contract by which Jack Bonaparte sold himself to Joshua Vaughn for ninety years, to wit: "Jack Bonajxirte will be a free man on the 15th of March, 1905." If an indentured slave refused to work the owner was allowed to take him to another state or territory, i. e., to sell him to some slave trader in the south. Slaves under the age of fifteen were held in servitude until the age of thirty-five or thirty-two according to sex. Owners had to give bond that slaves who would become " free " after their 40th year of age, should never become a county charge. The children of these registered slaves remained in servi- tude until they were twenty-eight and thirty years old according to sex. The early records of the county give the following account of negroes held in bondage : SLAVES IN THE COUNTY. Sylvmin — Betsey Holts registered — Feb. 25, 1815, a negro girl, aged 10 years, named ".Sylvania" to serve 22 years— she wa.s to lie free on tlie 17ili of May,18.J7. Jacic Boimparte—selU himself to Joshua Vaughn on tlie lodi of March 181.5, for 90 years. Benjamin — 13 years — registered by Micajah Cox, Sept. IS, 1815 lo serve 22 years-aiid to be free January 1st 1837. Frankiiy, a negro woman, aged 23 years formerly owned by Etienne Pensoneau of St. L'lair, and by him " iiannfened " to Samuel (jillliam tj,.;ether wi;li her girl baby, 1 year eld for^oOO., U.S. currency to him in hand paid ; the deed is still in existence. Franic, negro boy aged 13, registered by John McKinney, Oct. 19 IS1.5, and to serve 22 years -will be free in 1837. 118 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Tamm — a negro woman, lately purchased by Will. B. Whiteside, is re"isteml for 20yeai-s service March 8, 1814, to be free in 1834. Ihnry. luulatio boy, aged 11 years, registered by John W. Johnson, Apiil 11. 181G, also by same. Mariah, a uinla'to woman, brought to this territory by the said Johnson to serve 17 years.— April 11 ISllS. Ayny. negro wench 22 years ; brought to the territory by James Keynolds, is registered for CO years — to be free in 1876. y,it a blaciciuan, 17 years old, brought in the territory by Michael Dodd aud by him registered to serve 35 years from May 31, lS16-to be free in 1851. Imac and Diek, negro boys aged 7 and G years ; registered by Lou Jackson June 3d, 1810. Tom, colored boy 11 years old, registered by Martiu Jones, Feb. 5, ISIG. Hannah, black woman, recmtly brought to territory by Hennj Hays and by liim registered for 21 years from June 12th 1816 until 1837. Amy, bhick woman, 21 years ohl, brought into the territory by \Vm. Savage, registered for 30 years service, from Jurte 10th 1816-will be free in 1846. Adam, black man, 21 years of age, registered by Kobert Pulliam- indentured for 36 years from June 21, 1816 -to be free in 18.52. Lucy, black woman, 28 years of age, aud 3 children, Frank 7 Reu- ben 6 and Silvy 2 years ; board to be paid-registered by Samuel Judy for 20 years from Oct U 1816to 183C. Marin, negro girl, 11 year.s old, registered by James Gingles. Robert, blackman, 24 years, sold himself to James Henry ford, for 50 years from Dec. 30th 1816. Bill 11, Tomd, negro boys-regi.stered by same party same day. Epiiraim, aged 18, sold himself to Wlialey Moore for 21 years ; Jan- 11, 1817. Hark, Winn, Bebb, Mnriah Caroline, Lou'sa, and Barkley, 7 negro children, registered by Benjamin Stephenson, lately from Kaudulph county. La., January 15, 1817. Mi'llcy, a black girl aged 18 years, registered by Josepli Carroll. iVed, a blackman, aged 21 years, bound himself to John Wilkins for 80 years from May 12, 1817 to 1S97. Mary, Chancy, and Lydia, 3 negro-childreu, registered by Jacob Lurton, May 12, 1817. Abhy. negro woman of 35 years, and Willis her boy of 17 years, bound tEemselves to said Jacob Lurton for 50 years from May 12, 1817. Matilda, black woman, aged 20 years, bound herself to Thomas Hempstead for 70 years from June 7, 1817. Richard, a negro man, bound to George Moore until Oct. 1S18 ; was sold to George Richard for §100, June 23, 1817. Hence it would ap- pear that the services of an able bodied man in tliose days were worth about ?50 per year and clothes. Peler, aged 17, bound himself to William Scott for 99 years from Kov. 6, 1817. Temp, a negro girl of 17 years, bound herself to Will. Hoxsey for sixty years from Dec. 1, 1817. BiUey, black woman of 24 years, boimd Iierself to Mrs. Francig pulliam for 99 years from Dec. 8, 1817. Jennie, a negro woman of 45 years, bound Iierself to James Gray for tea years from Dec. 24, 1817. Fanncy, aged 22 years, bound her.self to said Gray who had brought her to this territory, for 50 years from Dec 24, 1817. Richard, aged 5, Kissey, aged 3, and Jesse aged 1 year were also reg- istered by tlie said Gray on said day. James Svriys, alias James Sinrjlclm, a black man, bound himself to Samuel Judy for 12 years from January 2o.d, 1818. MoUcy, a black woman aged 45, bound herself to Joel Starkey for 40 years from January 2, 1818. Sarah, aged 19, bound herself to Jolin Wallace for 90 years from January 6, 1818. Charlotte, aged 23, brought to the territory by Ttcer Branstetter, bound herself to him as servant for 99 years from January 13, 1818. Jarret, boy 15 years, bound himself to Joseph Conway for 30 years Feb. 18, 1818. The foregoing statement mentions the names of slaves and inden- tured servants, 47 in all, prior to the state organization. This list is followed by a REGISTER OF FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR, made in pursuance of an act to prevent the migration of negroes and mulattoes into the territory, and for other purposes. The county records contain the following memorandum in referenc^ to this matter to wit: Friday /September 15, 1815. The reason, why the following free people of color were not registered within the time limited by law, is that the knowledge of the said act did not come to our hands in time it not being published until a few weeks previous to the present dale. Certilied by me Jcsias Randle, C. 0. C. M. C. This day personally came James Saggs Singleton with Philtis his wife and four children, to wit: James, Isaac, John and -? to be entered on record a4 the law direot-s. James S. Singleton, 45 years old, black, 6 feet high manumitted by John Edgar of Kaskaskia. Pkillis Singleton. 55 years old, yellow, 5 feet high together with children above mentioned, agul lespeclively 20, 13, and 12 years, black and all manumitted by Ogle of St. Clair county. Charles Barton, 43 years old, yellow, manumitted by John Adair of Kentucky. Phebe Barton, his wife, raanuraitied by Ogle of St. Clair. Geo'-ge, William, Eliza aud Polly, their children, /rec born. Lonvisia Vanderburg, wife of S.imuel Vanderburg (nu further re- marks .) Sarah, formerly owned by John Dudley, then by John Smith, then by John Fulton and lastly by Robert Reynolds; was by him regis- tered as entitled to her freedom on the 1st of September 1825. Charity Ricliards (wife of George Richards) 18 years old, manu- mitted by Ogle of St. Clair Benjamin, David and Josc/iA—lier children, free born. Caty Smith, 21 years old, wife of Cupid Smith yellow, manumitted by John Kirkpatrick of Madison county. Biltey and Isaac, her children— free born. This concludes the list of free negroes then living in the county — twenty, all told. In order to point out the rigorous conditions of the inden- tures mentioned herein, the following proceedings in the Circuit Court of Madison county in May 1818 are here in- troduced. The cause is entitled, George, a black man, vs Robert Whitedde, his master, in May term 1818. The suit was brought to recover damages. I The case was tried before a jury on the 29th of May. { The jurors were Owen Evans, Edmund Randle, Alexander ' Byram, David M. Gillham, Joshua Dellap ain, Thomas G. Davidson, Chad Brown, Richard Browufield, Samuel Thurs- ton, Aaron Sutton, Henry Brown and William Scott. Their ; verdict was for the defendant. On motion of the plaintitf by his attorney the following I bill of exceptions was filed : Be it remembered that on the trial of this cause the de- 1 fendant offered the following deed as evidence in bar of the plaintiff"s action, to wit : Illinois Territory, Madison county, know all men by these presents that I Gdorge, a negro man I formerly the indentured servant of Uel Whiteside of said ! county, for and in consideration that Robtrt Whiteside of HISTORY OF MAD ISO X COUXTY, ILLIXOIS. 119 said county at my special instance and request, first to hint- expressed, to purchase the right, title, interest and claim of said Uel Whiteside to my services for fifteen years yet to come and whereas said Robert has exhibited to me satisfac- tory testimony of his having purchased from said Uel Whiteside all his right and claim and pretentions to my ser- vices as his indented servant for fifteen years yet to come, and in consideration also of the following articles to be given and delivered to me by said Robert at the expiration of my term of service with him, to wit : one horse, one yoke of young steers and plow, one ax and one hoe. I do hereby bind and oblige myself to serve said Robert Whiteside for the terra of fifteen years from the date hereof, in the same manner as indented servants under the laws of this territory are bound to serve their masters, au 1, for every day I lose by voluntarily absenting myself from the service of the said Robert Whiteside, without his consent first had and obtained. I do promise to serve him at the conclusion of the af)resaid period of service two days ftr every one so lost, and should I at any time, before my time be completed with him, run away from his, said Robert Whiteside's service, then and in that case I do hereby authorize and empower him, to pursue me and if necessary, me force to brinj ms b'Mk to his service and if necessary, by force oblige me to execute all and every of his reasonable coaarainds, and the said R)bert is to find the said George meat, drink, lodging and clothing for said term of service, such as is suitable and customary for negroes to have. In testimony whereof we do hereunto set our hands and seals this r2th day of February 1815. George X ( ^^ J mark ^^^"^^ Test. Egbert Whiteside. W. B. Whiteside. The plaintiS" objected to the reading of said deed as evi- dence, which objection was over-ruled by the court, and the deed admitted to go in as evidence to the jury, to which opinion of the court the plaintiff excepts and prays this bill of exceptions may be signed, etc, which is done John Reynolds The irrepressible negro is now dismissed, to appear again in the celebrated suit of Madison county against her noblest citizen, -Edward Coles, the Governor of the state. FIR.ST efforts OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT. In territorial times the government of the counties was entrusted to courts of Common Pleas, who also transacted the probate business. The honorable members of those courts were called " Judges " from the day they appeared on the "Bench" for the first time, and during life. All officers held their positions by appointment, with the excep- tion of representatives and senators. Even justices of the peace were appointed by the governor, usually at the recom- mendation of the Judges of the court of Common Pleas. It was thought that the dignity so very desirable on the bench as well as in the '"Squire's" chair, might be lost by the vulgarity of elections. The tenure of oflice, as a rule with but few exceptions, lasted as long as life. Who, that has ever witnessed it, does not remember with certain pride and satisfaction the gray-headed " Squires " of former years, neatly attired in their homespun apparel, their cleanly shaved faecs, radiant with kindness and expresive of the dignity of their position ? The first meeting of the court of Common Pleas of Madi- son county was held on the 5th day of April, 1813, at the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick, where the Hon. John G. Lofton and Jacob Whiteside, judges, had met as directed by the governor's proclamation. Josias Randle was ap- pointed Clerk. The business transacted at this meeting may here be briefly related. Polly Snider, orphan daughter of Joseph Snider, deceased, chose Jesse Waddle* for her guardian. The court appointed Joseph Newman and John Kirkpat- rick road overseers. The only established public road at that early day seems to have been the one leading from Thomas Kirkpatrick's mill on Cahokia creek southwest, jiast Col. Judy's to Indian Ford, on said creek, thence to Caho- kia, the county seat of St. Clair, the mother county. The court also appointed overseers of the poor for the four town- ships into which the county appears to have been subdi- vided, called respectively Shoalcreek in the East, Goshen in the center, Woodriver in the Northwest, and Six Mile in the Southwest. Martin Wood, admistrator of the estate of Esther Ewing, deceased, filed an inventory and sale bill of said estate. This inventory was dated November 14th, 1812, is cor- rectly made out, and as it contains a pretty complete list of what constituted the personal property of an American pio neer family at the time when Napoleon Bonaparte crossed the Berezina, we introduce it here at length, also giving the values put upon those articles, goods and chattels by the appraisers, Isom Gillham, Henry Cook, (who spells his name Kook, thus indicating his Teutonic descent, and that, in fatherland, he was known as " Koch)," Thomas Kirkpat- rick, and Ejjhraim Woods. — We find there a bay mare and colt, worth S55 00; a sorrel mare and colt, $30 00; a cow and a yearling calf, .$12 OO ; a bed, bolster and pillow, $8.00 ; 5 bed covers, $10.00; a flax hackle, $4.00; a set of spools, $1.50; a side saddle, $11.00; 2 pewter dishes, $6.00; a pewter basin and two plates, $2 00 ; a Dutch oven and hooks, $1.50; a sifter, 75 cents; a bell, 75 cents; a pot, . 82.00; a pair of sUver Icnee buckles, $1.00; a pot trammel, S3.00 ; a pair of wool cards, $5 1)0 ; a fur hat, $5.00 ; a wool hat, $100 ; a churn, 25 cents; a hatchet, 50 cents; a pair of steelyards, $3 00 ; 2 blind bridles, $2 00 ; a bi-ck^t of iron tin, $1.00; a clevis, 75 cents ; 2 pair of chains and hamea, 8450; an axe, $1.50; a set of plow irons, $3.00; a curb * The Waddle'a came to the territory with James Lemon as early as 1786. The fir«t Americans arrived in 1780, led by JamcH Moore, — Shadrarh Bond, and Larken R'ltherford among ihem, Virginians and Marylanders. Thi.s tir..00, compensation paid to the com- missioners appointed to locate the county seat, for their labors 814.00, fees paid to the judges of elections -18.00, for amount paid William Ottwell far building the jail 81^4.0), to ^latthew Duncan for printing 88.00, and compensation for official duties S'1.83i, amounting in the aggregate to $386. 14 !'— leaving again a surplus of SI 2 x35}, which added to last year's surplus of 8163.081 increased the reserve funds of the county to $286.43;. There seems to have been a general settlement among or with the county officials, from which it appeared that the county was then owing 844 00 to Kirkpatrick, 640.41 1 to Josias Randle, 832.00 to John G. Lofton and S'J8 00 to George Cadwell, or 8154 41] in the aggregate. 1815, June 5. Willliam Jones produced his commission as treasurer of the county, issued by the Governor under the act mentioned heretofore. The court gave John Newman permission to build a water grist-mill on Indian creek, the land on both sides of the creek being his property. George Davidson built also a grist- mill on section 5 T. 4-8 on similar conditions. Upton Smith obtained leave to build a water-mill on the northwest quarter of section 31 iu T. 5-8, also on Indian creek, and Nicholas Jarrot, the mill builder, par excellence in those daj-s, petitioned the court for permission to erect a mill-dam at Indian ford on Cahokia creek, where he intended to erect a large flouring mill. The September term of the c :)urt was short and the busi- ness transacted of no public interest. It should be stated however that the court changed head-quarters daring that term bv trausferring the county seat tj the tavern of John T. Lusk. The law creating the county court was amended by an act of the legislature, approved January 6th, 1816, by which the powers of the county courts were increased, giving them orig- inal jurisdiction of all demands for direct payment of money where the same shall be over twenty dollars and not exceed- ing one hundred dollars. These courts were to hold four terms each year, and the judges and clerks thereof were to be appointed by the Governor for the term of three years, < " during good behavior " The first judges of Madison county, appointed under this act, were George Cadwell, Samuel Judy and Thomas Kirkpatrick. Josias Randle was appointed clerk. These gentlemen met on the 5th of February, 1816 and opened court in due form. At this term the name of Ed- wardsville is mentioned for the first time, as Thomas Kirk- patrick was permitted to construct a dam at his mill site on Cahokia creek near Edwardscllle. 1816, May 6. The building of the court-house is here mentioned iu connection with a statement of the county in- debtedness, from which it appears that Samuel G. Morse, the contractor, had then a claim against the county by reason of said contract amounting to 8262.50, that he previously had received 875 00 from the county, and 8100 00 donated by Thomas Kirkpatrick. The county debt is stated to have amounted to 8577. 04J. The tax levy of 1814 was similar to the one of the previous year, with the exception that the head tax of 81.00 on every able bodied sinriilo man had been omitted. The sheriff nevertheless collected said tax, and the board or court sanctioned his proceeding at this term. The tax levy of 1815 was as follows : Each servant or slave Sl.OO, each horse above 3 years old 50 cts., each stallion one season's rate, houses in towns, mills etc., 30 cents per 8 00, valuation, each single man $1.00, ferries 83.00 each. — August term 1816. George Smeltzer was licensed to keep a ferry — the 4th in the county — across the Mississippi north of the mouth of Piasa. Joseph St. John, Charles Slice and John Jones re- ceived each a bounty of 75 cents for killing wolves.* The personal estate of W. L. Smith, deceased, was found insufficient to pay the debts, to wit: 81,551-75, and it was therefore ordered, that a tract of land, containing 250 acres, situated in Randolph county should be sold ; Henry Hays, the administrator, then brought into court $1,260 bank notes belonging to the said estate, whereupon the court condemned them as counterfeit, and ordered them burned, which was done accordingly. * There were a large number of \volve.s killed in the said year. The wolf-.sia![) certilicate.s of 1816, have remained on file in the court- honse, and the writer gathered therefrom the names of the following Ximrod.s: \V. B. \Vhite.si.92. The territory of Illinois had now ceased to be, and the justices' courts ended with it. Madison now a county of the State of Illinois, entered upon its mission with an empty treasury, and a debt of $255.92. THE CIRCUIT COURT IX TERRITORI.\I, TIMES. The records of this court are incomplete; the first volume, containing the minutes of its proceedings during the terms held in February and June, 1813 and 1814, is not to be found in the circuit clerk's office; in fact, it has been known for years that the book was missing. A meager account of the proceedings of the May and September terms, 1815, of this court was discovered by the writer in the first volume of the records of the coirt of coram )u pleas. From various files still in existence, it appears that the Hon. Jesse B. Thomas officiated as Judge during the period mentioned, and continued on the bench until March, 1818. Court was held at the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick. Ben- jamin Stedman was the foreman of the first grand jury of the count}', as appears on an indictment returned into court in February, 1813, and signed by said Stedman as foreman of the grand jury. The victim of this indictment is Robert Pulliam for beating and wounding Michael Dodd, a consta- ble. Another indictment against Pulliam for selling liquor in quantities less than one quart, to Michael Dodd and Bolin Green, preceded the one above. It was signed by Daniel GiUmore, prosecuting attorney. A third indictraent against PuUiara for keeping a disorderly house was prose- cuted by George David.son. In the first case, Pulliam was found not "gilly," as Thomas Gillhara, foreraan of the jury expresses it; in the second case, Pulliam plead guilty, and was fined, and in the third, the jury could not agree. The folloxving indictment is the oldest on file in the county. Illinoi.i Territory, Madison County, Court of Common Pleas, February/ term, 1813. The Grand Jurors of the U. S. impannelled and sworn to inquire for the body of the county of Madison aforesaid, on their oath. Present : That William Bridger of the county aforesaid, and town- ship of Goshen, husbandman, being a person of fierce, cruel, terrible and inhuman and unnatural disposition, and wick- edly having in his heart great rancor, malice and ill-will towards Elizabeth the wife of one Benjamin Carter, on the 30th day of January, 18 1 3, in the county aforesaid, in and upon the aforesaid Elizabeth Carter, then and there unlaw- fully, wickedly and in a menacing manner did make an as- sault, with an intent to kill, and one gun loaded and charged with gun-powder and a leaden ball towards and against the said Elizabeth, then and there iu his wicked rage and in the fury of his mind, he the said William Bridger being then and there about the distance of eighty yards from the said Elizabeth, with the afpres-iid gun loaded with gun-powder and leaden ball, did unlawfully and with force and arms shoot said gun at said Elizabeth, with an intention ma- liously and unlawfully to kill and murder the said Eliza- beth, to the terrible and manifest danger of the life of said Elizabeth to the evil examjile of all others, in like cases of- fending, contrary to the forms of the statute in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and the dignity of the Uuited States. And the Jurors aforesaid, upon their oaths do further present that the said Wiliiara Britlger, afterwards, to wit. : on the same day, with force and arms, unlawfully an assault on and upon the said Elizabeth, then and there did make and her the said Elizabeth, did beat, wound and illy treat, so that her life was greatly despaired of and other wrongs then and there to the said E izabeth committed, contrary to the form of the statute iu such cases 126 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. made and provided, and agaiust the peace and dignity of tlie United States. Will. 1\[e.\r><, Attorney General. Tlie defendant was tried before a jury wlio rendered the following verdict: We the jury find the defendant guilty of committing an assault on the within named Elizabeth. Thomas Stewart, Foreman of the Jury. 1813, June term. Jesse J. Eenfro, foreman of the grand jury, who indicted Thomas Jacobs, yeomau, for perjury. The clerk's capias, issued and many times re-is=ued, was invariably returned with the endorsement: " Non est." Jacob had fled the modern " Goshen," never to return. 1814, June term. The grand jurors summoned for this time are mentioned on a former page. William Rabb, Esq., the pioneer miller of Colliusville, was their foreman. Brid- ger was found guilty of assault, and fined accordingly. No records of proceedings in existence. 1815, May term. William Mears, Attorney of the United States, and John G- Lofton, foreman of the grand jury. Daniel P. Cook was admitted to the bar. There were four cases of assault and battery on the docket, and one of va- grancy- against John Lane. Josias Randle was appointed clerk pro tempore. 1815, September term. Henry Cook, foreman of the grand jury reported that there were no cases before the jury, where- upon the jury were discharged. Joseph Conway was ap- pointed clerk in place of Josias Randle. Edward Hemp- stead is named as attorney. 1816, May term. Samuel Whiteside, foreman of the grand jury, who found two indictments against James Thompson for larceny. Thompson was tried before a jury in September nest, and acquitted. 181G, September term. George Cidwell, foreman. The following foreigners were naturalized: Jo-^eph Touchette, a. native of Canada, and resident of Illinois since 1791, as tes- tified by Pierre Martin and Robert Whiteside. Andree St. Jean, a native of Canada, and a resident of this territory since 1798, as testified by William Chilton and Pierre Martin. Antoine Lapense, a native of Canada, then a resident of Peoria, Cahokia and Michillimackinac since 1794, a bona fide resident of the United States, witnesses: Pierre Martin and Joseph Touchette. Michel Lacroix, a friend, countryman and constant com- panion of Lapense, as testified by Joseph Touchette and Louis Lafiere. These applicants took the following oath : We swear that we have been living in the United States for at least five years, that it was bona fide our intention to become citizens of the United States, and to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince potentate, state sovereignty whatever, particularly George III. of Great Britain and Ireland, defender of the faith, king; we swear that we will support the constitution of the United States. All except Lacroi.x; sign by mark of hand. These former subjects of the " Defender of the Faith" had had a very indifferent education. There were two indicttnents found for larceny. Matthew Mears had stolen a blanket from Henry Taylor, of the value of 61.00. Matthew restored the blanket, and was sentenced to pay a fine of $2 00, and costs besides. Henry Taylor wa.s indicted for assault and battery. He whipped Matthew when he returned the blanket- James Kirkpatriek, supervisor, was indicted for "omission of duty," plead guilty, and paid a fine of §5 00. Joseph Conway was re-appointed clerk. 1817, Jul term. John York Sawyer produced his license to practice law, signed by two of the U. S. Judges of the territory, and was thereupon admitted to practice as coun- sellor and attorney-at-law. Alexander Waddle was fore- man of the grand jury, who indicted Francis Grigmar for perjury: the case was nol. pros, during the same term. Benjamin Wood for vagrancy, Robert Reynolds for fight- ing, and Simon News Dile, Thomas Johnston, R. P. Day, and James Maxwell for riot ; this riot case was dropped the next day " for want of prosecution." 1817, November term. Thomas Reynolds produced his license to practice law, and was admitted ; Theodore N. W. Narick was also admitted to the bar. The grand jury in- dicted Christopher Stout and six others for fighting. 1818, March term. Hon. Daniel P. Cook presided at this term as Judge. Joseph Conway produced his commission as clerk, issued by the governor. The grand jury indicted W. L, May, and eight others, for fighting. 1818, July term. Hon. John Warnock presided at this and the next term of the court. There were again nine cases of assault and battery, and two of larceny, viz.: John Warren and Hardy Warren, both cases were nol. pros. The sheriff reported that Jacob Hutson and John Hutson had broken jail. 1818, November term. No business transacted at this terra ; the attorneys all being of the opinion that the court should not to proceed to business, and expressed a wish not to have the cases tried where they were concerned. All cases were therefore continued until the next term. The court records do not explain this strange and abrupt adjournment of the court ; it may be accounted for by the uncertainty of who was legally entitled to the judgeship. The first territorial legislature had assembled at Kaskaskia on the Sd of October, 1818, and on the 8th had elected Joseph Phillips Chief Justice, and John Reynolds, Thomas C. Browne and William P. Foster, associate justices, and Dan. p. Cook, Attorney General. The constitution of the state, under the stipulations of which these elections had taken place, had thus far not been ratified by the Congress of the United States, and when the attention of the said legislature was called to this circumstance, an immediate adjournment was suggested and agreed upon. The legisla- ture was to be convened again as soon as the state constitu- tion should be ratified by Congress. The November term, 18l8, of the Madison county circuit court was to be held during this judicial interregnum. The Hon. John Warnock, the territorial judge, and the Hon. John Reynolds, associate HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 127 justice as above, assigned to the Western Circuit, were both in attendance, but neither of them had a desire to officiate under existing circumstances, hence the adjournment. THE COUNTY AT TUE CLOSE OF 1818. To the reader who has followed us through the meagre records of the county from the time of its organization to the above date, a period of only five years, a brief resume of what had been accomplished in the short time of its political existence, will probably be of interest. The "squat- ters" of 1812 and 1813 had become owners of their home- steads since 1814, lands having been entered in eighteen different congressional townships. A great portion of the lands in the river townships was bought in 1814 and 181.5: — 4G45 acres of the 7000 acres of township 3—10; 940 of the 1350 acres of township 4—10, and 2;!06 of the 4030 acres of township 5 — 10, were now in the hands of bona fide residents or " speculators." The latter class was not so numerous in the county as is generally supposed. The land entered by them aggregates about 25,000 acres, including the 8457 acres owned in six different townships by Nicholas Jarrott, who at the time was at least temporarily a resident of the county, building a water power mill on the Cahokia creek at Indian Ford near the Mound. Township 4 — 8 contained then only 4500 acres of government land, as 18,021 acres had been purchased by 49 indiviss- fiiUy " bagged" him. Instead of killing the dog, tliey in(iuired at headquarters, whether the rabid animal, which was known to have come over the "state line " from Wirtemberg, should be killed or carried back to, and turned loose in Wirtemberg. The answer was : Eeturn him to his home state ! Love between German neighbors ! ! ! — The latter is an anecdote invented to illustrate the want of unity among the inhabitants of tlie various states in Germany, aud the former is a stubborn fact, recorded in thj statutes of Illinois. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 129 poor. Oae of these gentlemen, represent'mg old Silver Creek, had his reports stereotyped, for they invariably con- tained the following : " The undersigned begs leave to report to the Hon. County Court of IMadison county, that there are no paupers in his territory." Signed James Olive- And yet the pauper expenses of Madison couity reached the enor- mous amount of over forty thousand dollars in the year ending August 31st, 1873 ! Silver Creek, however, reported, "No paupers here." There was something in that silvery name after all. Roads. — At the time of the organization of the county, we find only one public road in the county. Its northeastern terminus seems to have been Thomas Kirkpatrick's mill on Cahokia Creek — (EJwardsville), and passing southwest via Samuel Judy's place and Indian Ford on Cahokia creek, it connected the old French settlement of Cahokia with the later American settlements in Madison county. In 1817, the county had quite a. number of road districts. The first one to be mentioned was a circle, a mile in diame- ter, around the court-house, under the management of John T. Lusk. 2d. Road from Edwardsville to Long Lake, crossing Caho- kia creek at I. Gillham's bridge-site — John Barnett, super- visor. ■3d From Edwardsville to Judy's creek, past Bethel meeting house — James Reynolds, supervisor. 4th. From Edwardsville, past Zadok Newman's to Indian creek, — Zadok Newman, supervisor. 5th. From Wallace and Sealy's mill, on Wood river to Gillhara and Meachani's Ferry — at Alton, with Ethan Meacham as supervi-sor. 6th. From Cheek's Ferry — above the mouth of Wood river to the crossing of the main road from Edwardsville to George Smeltzer's Ferry, below Alton — Thomas Carland supervisor. 7th. From county line up the INIissis^-ippi to Dejailais' Ferry — Beujamiu Merrett, supervisor. 8lh. From county line to Long Lake — John Clark, super- visor. 9th. From Indian Ford on Cahokia Creek down the bluff to the house of Frank Collins, and past it west to county line, the St. Louis road^ — Henry Cook and Frank Collins, supervisors. 10th. From Indian Creek via Moore's bridge, across Wood river to Smeltzer's Ferrj', with Solomon Preuitt and I'eter Waggoner as supervisors. 11th. From bridge across Cahokia near Edwardsville via. bridge on Indian Creek to Isom Gillham's Ferry — with James Gillham and Thomas Co.x; as supervisors. 12th. A new road, from Edwardsville to Wallace and Sealey's mill on Wood river, to be opened at once in three sections, with Joseph Robertson as supervisor for the eastern, T. G. Davidson for the middle, and John Wallace for the western division. Bridges- — The records of those days mention four bridges, to wit : Moore's a bridge across Wood river — we could not ascertain if it was a toll-bridge, across Indian Creek on the road from Edwardsville to the northwest of the 17 county, bridge across Cahokia near the court-house, bridge across Long Lake, west of the present railroad stations, and a toll-bridge across Silver Creek, on the road to the U. S. salines in the southern part of the State. Gillham's toll-bridge across Cahokia Creek, on the road from Edwardsville to Long Lake, erected in 1813 and 1814 — had been washed away, and John Barnett, supervisor of road No. 2, was ordered to construct a new bridge at the same place. The order was, however, rescinded. Public buildings. — The sessions of the various courts had been held at the various taverns of Edwardsville for five years; and it was not until autumn 1817, that the first Court-house, a log cabin erected by Samuel G. Morse, at an expense of §437.50, could be occupied. The Jail, built by William Ottwell, had been completed as early as December 6th, 1814, and was in 1817 moved on the court-house square at the suggestion and exj^cnse of James Mason, a public-spirited man, to be metioned here- after. Towns. — Edwardsville, the county seat, was then the leading town ; it had probably some fifty dwelling houses ; the United States Laud-office was there ; also a Bank, Public house, etc. Alton, now the principal commercial city of the count}', had been located in 1816 and was, properly speaking, not a town in 1817. It developed rapidly, however, and had as many as a hundred residences in 1819. Upjier Alton, laid out in 1817, by Jo.seph Meacham, a Vermonter. Milton, now no more, was quite a town in 1817. There may have been 25 or 30 fiim lies residing there at the time. It lay a few miles below Alton, on Wood river. Wallace and Sealy's saw and grist mills were doing considerable business at that period. Ferries. — The authorities of the county had granted licenses to seven ferries, as follows : 1st. George Smeltzer, north of Alton ; this ferry had prev,iously been run by a Mr Langford, at or near the mouth of Wood river, whence Smeltzer moved it up several miles beyond Alton. This ferry had, in 1817, what wascon- sidcred the best site; it paid an annual license of §12.00. 2d. Samuel Gillham and Joseph Meacham, at the mouth of Little Piasa, Alton. This ferry was started by Col. R. Easton, the founder of Alton, in opposition to Smeltzer's ferry above, without success, — which may be seen from the fact, that the county taxed this concern at the rate of .S2 00 per annum. 3d. Charles l)i>jailais, a Frenchman. His ferry was lo- cated on the southwest corner of section 17, in townships 4 — 9, at the head of Chouteau Island, making trips to this island, as well as to the west bank of the IMississippi. The ferry was subsequently owned by Samuel Gillham. 4th. Jeptha Cheek, above the mouth of Wood river. 5th. Isom Gillham. 6th. Uel Whiteside, "a little above Portage des Sioux ;"' this ferry paid an annual license of 82 00. 7th. Thomas Reynolds, across the Illinois river, about two miles above its confluence with the Mississippi. 1.30 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. The records mention, besides the above, two more ferries in connection with the location of public roads, to wit: John Walker's ferry, then owned by Tlionias Carlin,* afterwards governor of the State, and Hill's ferry. Mills. — Thomas Kirkpatrick, on Cahokia, near Edwards- ville, stood there in 1812, had water power in 1817. William Rabb, August, 1813 — section 20th, townships 3 — 8, on what is now called school-branch of Cahokia. Samuel Delaplain, March, 1815, transformed his mill into a water mill, located on Frank's branch of Cahokia, Goshen township. John Newman, August, 1815, on Indian Creek. Upton Smith, August, 1815, — 'Nov. 4, section 31, 5 — 8, on Indian Creek. Wallace and Sealy, on Wood river, at Milton, largest mills in the county, making two saws and a grist-mill. Nicholas Jarrott, 1817 — on Cahokia, near Indian Ford. Jarrott was the mill builder of his times, although he invaria- bly lost money in this busines3. The Cahokia mills were the last he built, and it is said were the cause of his death ; as by incessant exposures during their erection, he had con- tracted a malarial disease that ended his life and incessant labors. Merchants Ucemed in 1817 : Abraham Prickett, Col. Ste- phens, Clayton Tiffin, (son-in-law of Nicholas Jarrott), and AVilliam L. May. Taverns in 1817. John T. Lusk, 1 George Coventry, I Joshua Atwater, [ Clayton Tiffin, J John Atkin, "\ William Morris, [• James F. Swinertown, J Edwardsville. At or near Alton. Charles Dejailais, at his ferry lauding near the head of Chouteau Island. John Waggoner, on the Wood river, near Moore's bridge. John Herring, on Silver Creek, in the eastern part of the county. Samuel Jacquevay, at Reynolds' ferry, on the Illinois river. The reveuwe derived from the licenses of those eleven taverns amounted in 1817, to $47.00. The pojyidation of 1818 was made up principally by American settlers from the Southern States, a few New Yorkers, some New Englanders, and quite a number of Pennsylvania Germans and Irish American.s. The Canadian French had never been as important a factor of the popula- tion of this county, as of St. Clair. The few, who had ven- tured up the Cahokia, or on the islands in the Mississippi, thus separating themselves from their villages below, had almost disappeared in 1818 ; the records do not mention above ten French names at that time. * Carlin was at that time so little known, that his narafi is scarcely ever spelled alike twice in succession, lo wit : Carlan, CorUinil, C'or- lin, Carland, etc., etc. A few naturalized citizens, — six in number — are also to be mentioned. Blacks were quite numerous, principally slaves and in- dentured servants, and a few registered as free persons of color. It is safe to estimate the population of 1818 not to have exceeded 4,000 ; this estimate is made on the following basis : The records of the year 1818 enumerate 484 laborers for road purposes. The number of votes polled at the first state election in 1818, July 6th, 7th and 8th, was 517 ; and at a very exciting sheriff election — W. B. Whiteside, Isom Gillham. and Jo- seph Borough, candidates, on the 17th, 18th and 19th Sept. 1818, only 536. The number of bona fide resident free-holders in 1817, was 354; allowing the number of squatters to have been about two-thirds as great, we have in the county not more than 600 families. Besides — there were eleven licensed taverns in the county, and statistics prove that taverns increased with the popu- lation at the rate of about 275 per tavern. Dana in his "'Geographical Sketch" of 1818 allots 5,456 to the county, and the State census of 1820 counts 8,549. The United States Census of that year, however, states the number of inhabitants of Madison county to have been 13,550. This report was made by Thomas Reynolds, but is most assuredly incorrect. The morals of the pioneer period are creditable. True, there were a large number of indictments found for assault and battery, but then, combativeness was the characteristic feature of the day. The number of crimes against property was also small — five in six years and only one of those five proved. The perjury case mentioned must have been with- out foundation. Families seem to have lived in peace; there is not one case of divorce on record. The Dead. — Befi)re closing this sketch, it is proper to give the names of those pioneers of the county who had closed their earthly career, who had finished their lalxirs, and were now at rest. 1812. — William Bradshaw, Prudence Casterland, Esther Ewing, John Smith. 1813. — John Bradshaw, Fleming Cox, Isaiah Dunnegan, Benjamin Delaplain, Clement Gillham, Samuel Huttoii, Obediah Hooper, James Raine, Benjamin Sample, Tol. Wright. 1814. — Simeon Brundridge, Elsworth Baynes, Anthony Cox, Henry Cox, William Grotts, Harman Halcomb, Wil- liam Preuitt, Reason Reagan, John Snider, J. B. Thompson. 1815. — Jeac Baptist Amelin, Jude Converse, George Gillworth, Daniel Gilmore, Thomas Hudgell, William O'Neal, James Renfro, W. L. Smith, Benjamin Young. 1816. — William C. Davidson, Stephenson Fowler, Thomas Green, Philip Gregg, Royal Green, Thomas Hood, William Hewitt, James Holladay, James Lard, Abraham Miller, Wm. McLaughlin, John McFadgen, George Wise, George Moore, who had been reported dead in 1816, and whose HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, IL 1 1 NO IS. 131 estate had been put under administration, reappeared in the county in 1817, to take charge of his estate. 1817. — Thomas Cox, John Cardinal, Augustin Chilton, James Giiigles, Elisha Havens jr , David Kennedy, Samuel Mears, Henry McGuire, John Nixion, Uriah Shaw, William Smith, William Thompson, William West, Alexander Waddle. Civil History, 1819 to 1849 — The constitutional conven- tion of the new State completed its labors on the 26ih of August, 1818. The convention had assembled at Kas- kaskia in July — the exact day of the mouth could not be ascertained at the present State capital. This conven- tion consisted of thirty-three delegates, presided over by Judge Jesse B Thomas, a resident of St. Clair. Madison county was represented in the convention by Benjamiu Stephenson, Joseph Borough, and Abraham Prickett. Bond county was represented by two well known former citizens of Edwardsville, Thomas Kirkpatrick and S. G. ISIorse. The constitution was adopted by the convention without being submitted to a vote of the people, and approved by the Congress of the United States, December 3d, 1818. The first General Assembly of the State held two sessions at Kaskaskia; the first from October .5th to October 1.3th, 1818, and the second from January 4th to March 31st, 1819. George Cadwell represented the county in the Senate, and John Howard, Abraham Prickett, and Samuel White- side in the House of llepresentatives. The legislature placed the county government into the hands of three commissioners, to be elected annually. The commissioners of Madison county entered upon their duties on the 7th day of June, 1819. During the interreg- num from December 9th, 1818, to this date, the routine business of the county had been attended to by the clerk, •who now, June 7th, 1819, made the following entry upon the records, viz : " Be it remembered, That in pursuance of an act of the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, entitled an act establishing the Courts of County Commissioners. It appearing from certificates from the judges of election of Madison county that William Jones, Samuel Judy and George Barnsback were duly elected as commissioners for the said county of Madison, Whereupon the said William Jones, Samuel Judy, and George Barns- back took their seats, and thereupon a court was held by county commissioners for Madison couuty on the 7th day of June, 1819. First Board of County Commmioaers, — 1819 to 1820. — William Jones, Samuel Judy and George Barnsback. Joseph Gomvay was appointed clerk, and Georye Belsha, treasurer. The C!ourt established a new "township" under the name of the " Bounty township," to include all the lands in the forks of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. This "town- ship" of 1819 has in less than fifty years been divided into thirty-four splendid counties, averaging seventeen con- gressional townships each. John Shaw, Lev Roberts, and David Duttou were appointed judges of election of the new township. Another township, " Sangamo," was laid off to include all the settlements not heretofore included, and ail the set- tlements on the Sangamon and its waters. Elijah Slater, Daniel Parkinson and William Danuer were ap[)ointed judges of election of this new township. The county authorities laid out and opened a road from Edwardsville to Clear Lake on the Sangamon, a distance of seventy miles, as early as 1820, surveyed by Jacob Judy, who caused mile posts to be erected along the entire length of said road, which is known to our readers as the " Sjjriug- field" road. "This day, July 14th," canic into Court Hail Mason, Esquire, aud paid to the clerk five dollars, which he received for profane swearing, aud breaches of the Sabbath." Won- der how much was paid for a good round oath in those days of our fathers! The proper explanation, however is, that Hail Mason, having made use of the powers granted by the law to him as a justice of the peace, had not (uly fined some follows for profanity aud similar oflences, but had also collected the fines thus imposed. The Board of Commissioners next made an Appointment of Trustees for the school-lands, to wit : T. 3, R. 5, Jonathan L. Harris, William Ramsay and James Good. T. 4. R. 5, John F. McCullom, Robert Coul- ter, and Thomas Johnson. T. 3 R. 6, Rob. G. Anderson, John Howard and William Parkiuson. T. 4, R. 6, Row- land P. Allen, John Scott, and Isaac Ferguson. T. 5, R. 6, James Gray, .James Farris, and William Hoxsey T. 3, R. 7, Joshua Armstrong, Joseph Eberman, and David Samples. T. 4, R 7, Joseph Bartlett, Joseph Borough aud Jacob Gonterman. T. 5, R. 7. Thomas Baruett, Henry Kelley, and Abraham Hayter. T. 3, R. 8, ]Micajah Cox, Benjamin Eaves and Augustus Collins T. 4, R. 8, William Gillham, John Barber, and William Oltwell. T. 5, R. 8, John Springer, Ephraim Woods and William Montgomery. T. 3, R. 9, Amos Squire, Isaac Gillham and John Singleton. T. 4, R. 9. Isom Gillham, Samuel Gillham, and Samuel Browu. T. 5, R. 9, John Wallace, William Ogle, and Abraham Preuitt. An election had also been ordered to choose the regimen- tal officers for the second battalion of the Seventh regiment of Illinois militia. The vote was taken at eleven regularly established polls, and there were the following votes cast : — At Edwardsville 100, at Silver Creek 38, at Goshen 39, at Alton 116, at Augusta (a town in embryo in 3 — 6), 64, at poll No. 6, (Joe Duncans', east of the present town of High- land) 37. at Six Mile 67, at poll No. 8, (now Troy) 19, at Piasa 48, at Wood river 81, and at Sangamon 29, amounting in the aggregtte to 638 militiamen. The candidates for the position of Colonel were Joseph Borough, the favorite of Edwardsville, Goshen Silver Creek, and Troy, who re- ceived 230 votes; Isaac Gillham, the Alton champion, who received 1.59 votes; aud Washington Parkinson, the choice of Wood river, Augusta, and poll No. 6. who received 249 votes, and was electe;sipj)i, thence up said river to the mouth of Illinois river until it strikes the mouth of the Macoupin, theic:3 up the Macoupin to range No. 8, thence to the northeast corner of Wood river township. Joseph White, John G. Lofton and Josiah Cummins were appointed judges of election. Apple creek township organized on the same day ; began at the mouth of the Macoupin, thence up Illinois river to the sectional line between towns twelve and thirteen, thence east to range line 8, thence along said Hue to Macoupin, thence down with it to the place of beginning. Thomas Carlin, Thomas Rattan and David Barrow were appointed judges of election. With this order ended the labors of this — the first board of county commissioners. The coming election absorbed all thoughts. The press devoted all available space to political effusions and harangues, of which a few are here introduced to illustrate the spirit of those times. GEORGE CHUl'vCn ill's ADDRESS. To the Electors of the County of Madison. Fellow-citizens : At the solicitation of many respectable citizens I have become a candidate for your suffrages at the approaching ekction, as one of the representatives of this county for the General Assembly of this state. Iu making this annunciation, respect for the public opinion and a jusj sense of propriety require from me a frank avowal of my political principles and a candid delineation of the course which I intend to pursue, if honored with a majority of your votes. A republican by birth, by p-inciple and by practice, I have never adopted the opinion that, in order to constitute a freeman he should have liberty to rob his fellow-man of his freedom. Considering slavery as derogatory to our na- tional character, — as inconsistent with the political princi- ples which we all profess to believe, — as a curse not only to the slave, but the slaveholder also, and so highly dangerous to the public tranquillity, I have deemed it my duty, when- ever occasion has required, to exert my best abilities in opposition to the progress and extension of a system of injustice so degrading to the character of our country and portending the most baleful consequences. The most difficult task to be performed by the next legis- lature is the correction of the errors of their predecessors. These are so numerous that only a small proportion of them can be glanced at in the limits of an address. The tax law I consider exceedingly unjust and o]i])ressive in its operation, as it lays as high a tax on the poor man's uncultivated land, for which only one instalment has been pa d, as upon the rich man's improved farm, for which the payment has been completed. The repugnance of this law to the constitution and the compact between the United States and this state is too palpable to require elucidation. The injustice of the road law is perhaps still more glaring. That a mechanic or laboror who possesses no interest in the soil, should be required to pay a road tax of five dollars per auinim, while the wealthy owner of extensive domains is exempted, on account of being fifty years of age, from paying any road tax whatever, is, in my opinion, equally contrary to the constitution, to justice and to sound policy. The power of impressment given to the supervisors of high- ways, though perhaps never carried into execution, ought not to be suffered to disgrace the statute book. Sheriffs are not by our present laws allowed a compensation for the 136 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. herculean task of collecting the taxes. This and many other circumstances of a similar nature call loudly for reform. Another question is likely to be agitated, of great local im- portance, and wliieh in its consequences will greatly affect the interests of the state. As my sentiments on this subject differ from many of those for whom I have the highest respect, I deem it necessary to make them known, together with the reasons on which they are founded. It will be recollected that at the last session of the General Assembly, a petition was presented for the erection of a narrow strip of land from the western edge of the county into a separate county, with the view of locating a county seat at some of the towns on the Mississippi, and of thus accelera- ting the growth of such town, with the further view of remov- ing the seat of justice from Edwardsville, and of locating it at some town now laid off, or hereafter to be laid off, in the eastern part of the county. As it is expected that an at- tempt will be made at the next session to efiect the same objects, I deem it proper to state that I am decidedly opposed to the contemplated division of the county, and to any altera- tion of its eastern, southern or western boundaries. The county of Madison, extending to the northern limits of the state, there can be no objection to the erection of new coun- ties in the northern part of the county, whenever the in- creasing population in that quarter shall render it necessary, leaving this county in a convenient form and with a re- spectable portion of territory. I am opposed to the contemplated division because I con- ceive that the removal of the seat of justice from the place where it has been located by law would be a violation of the public faith. The owners of property in Edwardsville have purchased it at high prices, in the full reliance that the county seat was permanently to remain at that town. To remove it would destroy the confidence of the people in the good faith of the government, and would furnish a pre- cedent productive of the most alarming consequences. Once admit that a county may be divided, or a county seat re- moved, — not for the greater accommodation of the public, but merely to promote the growth of particular towns,— and you give the signal for townmakers and speculators to involve the state in disorder and confusion, to promote their own aggrandizement. As self interest is the ruling principle of mankind, each one who might think that his own interest would be promoted by the measure, would insist upon having a county seat located upon his own land. The towns which might be converted into county seats ■would receive no solid advantage from that measure. Very few will purchase property or make improvements in such towns, when they are conscious that the county seat will be removed whenever an adverse faction may obtain the ascen- dancy. Let the proposed measure be adopted, and the legis- lature will have no time to devote to the enactment of wholesome laws for the benefit of the great mass of their constituents, but will find continual employment in carving out new counties for the accommodation of petty villages, and in adjusting the claims and settling the disputes of •warring speculators. The election of candidates for repre- sentative officers will be made to depend not upon their ability and integrity, but upon their places of residence and their predilections for, or autipathies against, particular towns and villages. Ignorance and imbecility will become the sole passports to the legislative hall ; for men com- posed of higher qualifications will disdain to become the catspaws of avaricious speculators. In this manner the people will become divided into petty factions, the most bitter animosities will be engendered, and the general harmony of the state will be destroyed. This is not chimerical. Who that reflects on the nature of that spirit of speculation which has unfortunately taken such deep root among u^, is not con- strained to acknowledge that all these consequences and many others slill more to be dreaded, will inevitably follow the es- tablishment of the principle against which I contend? Simi- lar questions are this year in many other counties of this state, and similar means are resorted to for the promotion of the same grand object of all speculators, namely, self- aggrandizement. Does it not, therefore, behoove the inde- pendent farmers and mechanics, the efficient population of the state, to place their sovereign veto upon all attempts to promote the interests of the/ei« at the expense of the vvnuj, and to build up private fortunes upon the ruins of the public tranquillity and the general welfare? Unjust as the proposed division would be to the owners of property at the present county seat, it is not less inexpe- dient as it regards this county, and, I may add, as it regards the inhabitants even of that part which is proposed to be erected into a new county. A reference to the map is suffi- cient to show that many of the citizens of the proposed new county reside nearer to the town of Edwardsville than to either of the places in contemplation as the seat of justice of the new county. This inconvenience would soon be greatly increased, as the rapid growth of the settlements north of the contemplated county seat would, in a short time, require its removal further north — thus leaving the inhabitants of the south part of the proposed new county at a great distance from the seat of justice, although the same inhabitants reside but a small distance from the present county seat. The inconvenient shape of the proposed county (being in some places less than five miles wide), is another insuperable objection to the division. And however numer- ous may be the advocates for the division, while each expects to have a county seat located at his own village, in his own neighborhood, or on his own farm, yet, as it is impossi- ble that they should all be gratified in this expectation, so it is obvious that a majority of thosi who now advocate would ultimately deprecate a division, were it to take place. The proposed division would also operate disadvantageously for the settlements in the northern part of the county, as it would have an obvious tendency to retard erection into dis- tinct counties. These considerations appear to my mind to be entitled to sufficient weight to induce all real friends to the welfare and prosperity of the state to unite in opposition to a measure, which, however pure the motives, and however plausible the arguments of its supporters, cannot fail to produce the most pernicious effects. And I cannot but hope that the HIS TOUT OF 2fA BISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. f37 patriotism and good sense of many who are now found in the ranks of the friends of division, will i .duce them, after a calm deliberation upon its tendency, to spurn the idea of seeking the promotion of any imaginary interests of their own at the expense of the general welfare. My sentiments on this subject are uot dictated by self-in- terest. Having no property which can be particularly aifected by the division, my opposition to it is the result of a firm conviction that such a measure would be a flagrant violation of the public faith, which every citizen is interested in preserving inviolate ; that it would be productive of great inconveniences, and would materially increase the public burdens of this county ; and that it would constitute a pre- cedent highly dangerous to the future harmony, pr.)spcrity, and improvement of the state. I have thus, fellow-citizens, endeavored to give you my ideas on the most prominent subjects likely to come before the next General Assembly. Other questions will necessarily claim their attention ; with respect to which I must content myself with promising the unwearied exertion of my best abilities in promoting the general prosperity. A cultivator of the Soil, engaged in no schemes of speculation, and de- pending for a livelihoood on ray own industry, I have no interests to promote and no wishes to gratify but such as are equally the interests and the wishes of the great body of my fellow-citizens- To be honored with their confidence would be the source of my greatest gratification, and to deserve it is the object of my highest ambition. George Chukchill. Madison County, May 3, 1820. The election was to be held on the first Monday of August of said year. The address of Mr. Churchill was followed by the appeals of others, who, however, had less to say. They all declared themselves to be opposed to a division of the county by any line running north and south. Isom Gillham followed Churchill's example, and came out in brief address published in the Speddor ou the 1.3th of June. He says : '• From the view I have always taken of legislation, it is uot like that of horse-swapping, where men generally are trying to get the advantage of one another." Mr. Gillham came out with his addess, in reply to a commu- nication of a " voter," to tell him, that people had no right of instructing the candidate before election, etc " And, as to the cutting and carving of the state, or even this county, into small counties, it is a jiriuciple that I am very much opposed to." Daniel Parkin.son's address, published at the same time, is given verbatim et literatim, and, as his grammar and king's English are not very perfect, it is to be presumed that H. Warren, of the Spectator, did not favor Mr. Parkinson's elec- tion. William Ottwell announced himself a candidate on the 24th of July. In his address he denied the accusation that Mr. Churchill and himself had "put their heads together" to defeat Captain Nathaniel Buckmaster. Joseph Borough, the next candidate, was very brief in his 18 remarks: "Fellow-citizens, you know who and what I am," is about all that was said. Nathaniel Buckmaster's pronunciameuto is an ably writ- ten piece, confining itself to the question of dividing the county, to which the captain is opposed. John F. McCuUom came out in a few words, to defend himself against some accusations that had been circulated in the " Sangamo " country. Some of the candidates for the office of county com- missioners followed the example of the assembly-men by publishing cards and lengthy addresses in the Spectator. They were : William L. May, Hail Mason, Curtis Blakeman, and Micajah Cox. The hitter's address may find room here : " Fellow-citizens: I now come before you as a candidate for your suffrages at the ensuing election, for county com- missioner, and as the people must undoubtedly be tired of election harangues, I shall trouble them but little. There is one question which appears to excite the public mind, viz: the erection of public buildings by donation instead of tax- ation. I am decidedly in favor of any lawful measure that can be adopted for the erection of the public buildings for the county of Madison, without taxing the people, and in favor of any advantageous donation for the u.se of the county, that will screen the people from a heavy tax. It is well known that the time of service, power and duties of the county commissioners are to be regulated and defined by law, and let them be who they may, they should always act with caution. And I can venture to say, that those who honor me with their votes, believing that they are voting for one that is not easily biased from his known duty when engaged in public business, will not be deceived. Micajah Cox." " P. S. — If elected, and it shall be considered lawful, I shall be decidedly in fiivor of having the public buildings in the southeast part of Ed wardsville, as the site is the most eligible and healthy, and equall}' convenient." The other candidates, of course, pronounced themselves also in favor of the "donation " plan, without committing them- selves to the location of the buildings. It should here be stated, that none of the gentlemen that came out with public addresses were elected. The success- ful candidates were: Amos Squire, James Tunnell and Abraham Prickett. At the election 1186 votes had been cast, to wit.: At Goshen (Edwardsville included), 231 ; Ridge Prairie, 242 ; Six Mile Prairie, 81 ; Greenfield (Alton included), 115; Wood river, 8G ; Piasa, 65; Bounty Lands, 15; Apple creek, 76; Sangamo, 42; Fork Prairie, 89; Springfield, 50 ; Silver creek, 94. The successful candidates for the general assembly were : William Ottwell, Nathaniel Buckmaster and Joseph Borough, who received 532, 518 and 633 votes respectively, Churchill had 449; D. Parkinson, 32i) ; J. F. McCollum, 312 ; William Jones, 203 ; Isom Gillham, 189 ; P. Peters. 124, and Benjamin Steadman, 106 votes. The vote polled for Churchill is, perhaps, the most inter- esting. He made the race principally as an outspoken anti- slavery man, which was fully understood by the voters. ]3§ HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. He had a majority vote at the following precincts ; Goshen, 123 votes out of 231- —majority 8 Six Mile, 45 •' " 81 9 Sangamo, 21 " " 42 u 2 Springfield, 40 " " 50 30 He was left in luinority at : Kidge Prairie, 112 out of 242-18 Greenfield (Alton), 16 115—83 Wood river, 28 86—30 Piasa, 17 " 65-31 Bounty Land, 7 " 1.^- 1 Apple Creek 5 '' 76—66 ; Fork Prairie, 9 89—71 Silver Creek, 15 " 94-63 363 49 49 Minority of 314 votes. SECOND BOARD, 1820-1821. Amos Squire, James Tunnel and Abraham Prickett. This board decided in their March term to contract for the building of a jail. The proposition of Col. Stephenson and others, to erect the county buildings at their own expense> had been ignored as heretofore stated, and in consequece a violent agitation arose in opposition to the proposed con- tracts. Meetings were held in all parts of the country, and petitions poured in from every side, praying the court not to create a county debt at so unpropitious a time, when the scarcity of current money had brought about an almost un- bearable condition of affairs. The proceedings and resolu- tions of one of these assemblies is here introduced at length : COUNTY CONCERNS. At a meeting of the citizens of Eidge Prairie township, at Troy, on the 4th inst. convened for the purpose of taking into consideration the late order of the county commissioners, for the erection of a new jail^Gen. Samuel Whiteside being appointed chairman, and James Eiggin, secretary, the fol- lowing resolutions were unanimously adopted: Rcmlved, That it is the opinion of this meeting that it is inexpedient to build a new jail at this time in the county, at public expense, and that a few repairs on the old jail will answer every public object Resolved, That it is the opinion of this meeting that the pressure of the times and the scarcity of money is such, that it is the duty of the county commissioners to reduce, instead of increasing, the taxes on the people at this time, and that it would now be extremely oppressive, and highh' unjust, to attempt the erection of any public building, which must of necessity be paid for by levying enormous taxes on the people, who at no time, have been so entirely incapable of procuring money wherewith to pay it. Resolved, That any public officers who will at a time like the present, go on to impose additional taxes on the people for the erection of the proposed unnecessary building, both for the size, and the manner of structure, as appears from the plan exhibited by them, and against the known wishes of the people, ought deservedly to forfeit their confidence. Resolved, That it be recommended to the farmers in the several townships in the county, to assemble without delay, and enter into resolutions to be presented to the com- missioners, couched in firm and respectful terms against the erection of any new jail or public building at this time at public cost, or the imposition of any additional tax, pledging themselves to oppose such measures by every proper and necessary effort — and that they appoint delegates from their several townships to meet on the 4th Monday of July, at the court-house in Edwardsville, to present such resolutions and remonstrances. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chairman and secretary, and published in the Edwards- ville Spectator. Samuel Whiteside, Chairman. James Riggin, Secretary. The friends of the county cimmissioaers now came to the rescue, and called mettings for the purpose of endorsing the steps taken. We introduce here the following ; At a respectable meeting of the farmers of the Marine Settlement, in Madison county, held at R. P. Allen's. July 16, 1821, Ciptain George C. Allen being called to the chair and John Anderson being elected secretary, the following resolutions were adopted : 1st. Resolved, That it is the opinion of the meeting that a public jail is absolutely necessary for the insuring of the people of this county from the depredations of assassins and midnight robbers. 2d. Resolved, That it is the law of the land, as it is the duty of the county commissioners forthwith, to cause to be erected a good and substantial jail for the use of the county. 3d. Resolved, That in order to secure our persons and property from abuse, pillage and robberies we will cheerfully contribute our proportion of taxes to defray the expenses which may be incurred in building a jail for the county. 4th. Resolved, That we approve the proceedings of the county commissioners in their late special sessions in ordering a jail to be erected at the county seat, and that they shall have our warmest support in the execution of so laudable an undertaking. George C. Allen, President. John Anderson, Secretary. The commissioners were determined to carry out their order. Bids for contracts were invited at once. The jail was to be built in the town of Edwardsville, on the north- west corner of the public square in said town, in the rear of the old court house, to be constructed of brick and timber, 30x24 feet, and two stories high, one cell to be com- pleted by the first Monday in December, 1821, and the balance by the first JNIonday in March, 1882. §-500 in state paper were promised to be paid as soon as the work is com- pleted and the balance the county will be good for ! The proposition found an answer in the following bids: Jeptha Lamkin, .S5,U00 ; John Blandford, 3.500; Myron Patterson, 3,500 ; Walter J. Seely, 2,800 ; Benjamin Stephen, son, 2,000; T. W. Smith, 1,500 ; Hooper Warren, 1,200 W. H. Hopkins, 550 ; Ninian Edwards, 100. The last bid was worded as follows : HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 139 Gentlemen, If you are determined to persevere in build- ing the jail which you have caused to be advertised to be let to the lowed bidder, I will contract witli you to have it erected at the place and within the time and according to the plan advertised for the sura of one hundred dollars, giving you such a bond as by your order is required, according to its true literal import. July 23, 1821, Ninian Euwards. To A. Prickett, A. Squire and James Tunnell, Commimoners of Madison county, HI. The Senator and future governor of Illinois must have felt chagrined to have his bid rejected ; the phraseology of the bid — the true literal import — may have had something to do with the refusal. Others, however, did not fare better, as the contract was let to Walter J. Seely for S2,800. He, too, had occasion to learn the meaning of the phrase : " The county ivill be good for the balance ; ' for it should here be stated that the county revenue of 1821, all told, amounted to $1,646.28, and in 1822 to 82,130.22. Seely's experience is most graphically illustrated in the following letter : Edwardsville, March 4th, 1822. To the Commissioners' Court of Madison county : — I beg leave to lay before you a detail of ray present dis- tressing and unhappy situation. I need not tell you when I bound myself in a contract and security to the court to build a public jail of certain size, to be done in a given time, also at the same time you bound and pledged yourselves to pay me five hundred dollars in state paper so soon as one cell was finished fit for use. On the good faith and on the virtue of this contract with the court I have persevered and made use of every means to perform on my part. I have made use of all the money I had appropriated for paying my smal' debts, believing in good faith that you would pay me accor- ding to contract, which would enable me to pay mine also ; but alas ! I am here, sick and confined, not able to attend to my business, but harrassed every day by my creditors, some pleading needs and necessity, some threatening vengeance, two executions in the hands of the constable for $80.00 or upwards, such which must be paid or my property will be sold by the officer. Not only this, but I have to furnish materials and finish the jail. The glass, spikes, iron and planks to complete the jail, costing at least §100.00 in St. Louis, cannot be had without cash in hand. Now I have only to solicit and pray the court to take into consideration my before mentioned necessity, and to deal by me, as the court may think proper in the discharge of the duties of your office in which you act. In sentiments of respect I am your humble servant, etc., Walter J. Seely. The court ordered this letter to he filed, and on those files it remained until brought to light sixty years later, April. 1882. The public square on which the first county buildings had been erected was now, August 31st, 1821, deeded to the county by T. Kirkpatrick and James Mason. Mason's deed, dated July 25th, 1821, conveys for the consideration of one cent, to the commissioners and their successors in office, the lot on which the jail and court-house stand, being one hundred and forty-six feet square and containing one- half acre, bounded on the southwest by Main street, and southeast by Cross street No. 4, being the lot selected by the commissioners appointed to locate the seat of justice for Madison county, by the legislature of the territory of Illi- nois, at their session in the winter of 1813-'14, in trust for the use of the county on which to build, erect and continue a court-house, jail and other public buildings for the use of the county, and for no other purpose whatever. On the same day, August loth, 1821, the court accepted the proposal of John York Sawyer and others for building a brick court-house on the public square in the town of Edwardsville as by " writing on file." (This proposal has been given at length heretofore). John T. Lusk and others gave bond for building said court-house, and " the court, for themselves and successors, agreed to acjept of the said court-house when completed according to contract this day entered into." It took many years before this court- house was com[)leted , as will appear hereafter. The returns of the election of August, 1821, gave Emanuel J. West the seat of James Tunnell. A tax receipt of 1820, probably the oldest document of this kind now in existence in the county, may find room here. It was handed to the writer by D. W. Collett, Esq., of Upper Alton. Mrs. Ann Collett for taxes, Dr. for year 1820. Town lot in Milton, valued at $1000 ] Town lot in Milton, " " 200 i 200 ! I County. Tax -510.20 Town lot in Milton. " " Oneindenturedblackmanand two indentured mulatto girls 1400 | Two horses, " 140 j State tax on North half, section 5, north half of section 4, northeast quarter and southwest quarter of section 8, northwest quar- ter of section 17, the northeast quarter of section 20 the east half of the southwest ipiarter of section 5, and the east half of the northwest quarter of section 8, all in the town- ship, 5 north, range S west, of which 480 acres are of 1st, 400 of second and 640 of od quality land ; tax $22.00. Madison county, November 8, 1820. Received of Ann Collett thirty-seven dollars and ■" in full for state and county taxes for the present year 1820, as above stated. William B. Whiteside, Sheriff of Madison Count)-. The county tax was levied on town lots and personal pro- perty only, and the rate for the year 1820 was 50 cents on every 100 dollars' valuation, and there was also a poll ta.x; of 50 cents on every unmarried man in the family, which will account for the odd 50 cents in the tax of $15.20. The tax on land was very light, $22.00 on 1520 acres in Fort Russell township. The lauds described in the foregoing re- ceipt are now owned by Hugh Burns, Samuel Forman, E. C Smith, J. M. Aljets, Edwin Kennedy, Daniel Schmidt, 140 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W. C. Flagg, heirs, H. G. Helnikamp, John Helmkamp, Nimrod Stillwell, Robert Kelsey, Thomas Joues, E. C Bal- ster, J. F. Herreu aud J. & W. Bitts. They are assessed at 39,73(1 dollars, about §26.00 per acre, aud are worth at least 880,000. The taxes on said land in 1881 amounted to 8743.64. THIRD BOARD, 1821-1822. Amos Squire, Abraham Prickett and Emanuel; J. West. The labors of this board were confined to narrow limits. The letter of Seely explains in what condition the county was financially. He had received a county order instead of the solemnly promised 8500 in state paper 1822, June 3d. The court found the jail built by W. J. Seely to be strong and substantial, completed according to contrdct. It was received for the use of the county, and the clerk was ordered to notify the circuit court of same. The balance due Seely ; the county was to be good for it ; was paid to him in county orders of 85.00, 810.00, $15.00 and 825.00 each, aggrega- ting 82,300. • i The sheriff, ^^ . B. "Whiteside, made his return as collector by paying the full amount of revenue in redeemed county ! orders into court. George Belsha, the county treasurer, re- jiorted that the fines and licenses paid to him during the year amounted to 8203. .50. He had also listed the personal property for the new tax levy aud received 861.80. He had money enough in the treasury to pay himself, and 826 00 more." The county paid B. Stephenson 8120.00rent for the lower part of his brick house, in which the clerk's office of the circuit aud commissioners' court was located during the year. The election of August, 1822, put in new members, to wit: John Barber, Benjamin Spencer, and Hail Mason. Nathaniel Buckmaster was elected sheriff; Isaac Prickett, coroner; Theopilus W. Smith, state senator; Curtis Blake- man, George Churchill and Emanuel J. West members of tlie House of Representatives. Edward Coles, a most dis- tinguished citizen of the county, was elected governor of the state of Illinois at this election. Samuel D. Lockwood, another prominent citizen of Madi- son county, Attorney-General since February 1821, was appointed Secretary of State on the 18th of December 1822. The county had been represented in Congress during terri- torial times by the following delegates : Shadrach Boud, of St Clair county until 1814 ; from then to 1816, by Col Benja- min Stephenson, who, on being appointed receiver of public moneys, resigned April 29, 1816, and made Edwardsville his residence. Stephenson was succeeded by Nathaniel Pope. Daniel P. Cook, then a resident of Randolph county, was the first representative to Congress from Illinois. He was elected in 1818, re-elected in 1820 aud was in 1822 re- elected a second time. FOURTH BOARD, 1822-23. John Barber, Benjamin Spencer, Hail Mason. The county has meanwhile been reduced to almost its present limits ; the township so recently organized, had rap- idly increased in population and had been organized into counties— Green, Pike, Sangamon and Montgomery among them The territory of the remaining county was subdivided into six political townships, which retained the familiar names of Silver Creek, Ridge Prairie, Goshen, Wood river, Greenfield and Six Mile. Alton, situated iu Greenfield township, had become quite an inportaut commercial, point, so that the board saw fit to appoint Benjamin Stedman, H. H. Gear and Abraham Prickett inspectors for the part of Alton, for the inspection of beef, pork, hemp, flour, tobacco and all other articles of export necessary to be inspected. Charles W. Hunter, then one of the leading and enterpris- ing citizens of Alton, had called the attention of the court to this matter in a letter of March 3d, 1823, in which he asked the court to appoint Samuel Slater inspector of beef and pork, Abraham Prickett of tobacco, Isaac Woodburn of lumber and staves, Benjamin Stedman of flour and H. H. Gear of hemp. The county had heavy pauper expenses to meet during the year, amongst which a claim of Clayton TifBn for 8202.05 for taking care of and treating a wounded man named "Wells, and finally burying him. The charges were high — coffin and burying alone 810.00— however the court allowed the claim in full. 1823, March term, George Belsha, the treasurer, reported the revenue of the year 1822 to have amounted to 82247.12}, of which 2,017.121- was raised by taxes. Belsha resigned his office the same day, whereupon John T. Lusk is appoint- ed treasurer. The election of August,1823, called Thomas Lippincott in the place of Mr. Spencer. FIFTH BOARD, 1823-24 Hail Mason, John Barber and Thomas Lippincott. At the December meeting the Board received the follow- ing communication in the shape of a letter. It gave the impetus to a lawsuit, bitter and of long duration, against Edward Coles, then governor of the state, a man of national reputation, known and honored by the best of the land. The letter, written by W. L. May, then a merchant of Ed- wardsville, is flowing over with eulogies on law, etc., but mean and sinister motives have assuredly dictated it. The letter follows : Edwardsville, Sept. 17th, 1823. To Hail Mason, John Barber and Benjamin Spencer commissioners for the county of Madison. Gentleman : By an act of the 30th of March, 1819, of the legislature of the state it is declared that every person who shall bring into this state, any negro or mulatto, who shall be a slave and held to .service at the time ; aud who shall emancipate with such negro or mulatto, shall give a bond, to the county where such slave is emancipated, iu the penalty of one thousand dollars, conditioned that such person so emancipated shall not become a charge to any county in the state ; and every person neglecting or refusing to give such bond shall forfeit and pay the sum of $200.00 for every negro or mulatto so emancipated, to be recovered in any action of debt, to be sued for in tlie name of the county HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 141 commissioners of the county where the same shall happen to the use of the county. As you gentlemen are charged with the interests and rights of the county and are bound by the duties of your office to protect it from even the possibility of expenses re- sulting from negroes so emancipated, becoming chargeable to the county, I feel persuaded that you will promptly ap- ply the neceisary remedy to prevent an occurence of the kind. It will doubtless be within your recollection, that a number of negroes and mulattoes were some considerable time since emancipated in this county by Edward Coles, Esq. The records kept by the clerk of your court will fur- nish you with the authentic evidence that no bond has ever been given, although more than two years have elapsed since their emancipation. The penalty declared by the act has been Incurred and is now justly due to the county; no excuse can be given for the violation of a positive statute, and as the penalty has already clearly enured to the coun- ty, I call on you as a citizen of the county interested in its rights and prosperity to take judicial cognizance of thii in- fraction of the law, and to take immediate steps for the prosecution of the offender. You are, I conceive, bound to institute a prosecution without delay and have a right to call on the Attorney-General who resides in the district to pursue the necessary measures. I am, gentlemen, your humble servant, William. L. May. W . L. !May removed from the county not many years after this epistolary effusion. He was a man of talent and a successful politician. He represented the Third Congres- sional (Springfield) District of Illinois in the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Congress— 1833 to 1839. The suit was commenced March, 1824. The reader will find the subject treated at length on a subsequent page. Silver creek township was divided from east to west, March Term, 1824, and the southern part named Union- ville. ilr. Lusk, the treasurer, reported to have received during the year $1957.54 in lax money, and §485 25 from all other sources. All this money had been by him dis- bursed, and the county was then owing the treasurer $13.61. SIXTH BOARD — 1824 TO 1825. In August, 1824, Hail Mason, John Howard, and Benja- min Stedman were elected county commissioners ; Nathaniel Buckmaster, sheriff; Joshua Delaplain, coroner ; Joseph Conway, state senator, vice T. W. Smith, who had resigned ; Curtis Blakeman and George Churchill, re-elected members of the General Assembly, together with William Ottwell as third member, in the place of Emanuel J. West. The agi- tation on the slavery question had grown into serious dimen- sions during the preceding session of the state legislature, and E. J. West, of Madison county, had become one of the leaders of the pro-slavery faction, whose object now was to call a state convention with a view of making Illinois a slave state. After a most outrageous proceeding in the house of representatives, which is a matter of state history, the pro-slavery men succeeded in passing a resolution, au- thorizing the people of the state to vote on the proposition to call a convention to amend the constitution at a general election to be held on the first ^londay of Augu-t, 1824. Governor Reynolds, himself a pro-slavery man at the time, speaks of tiie action of the liouse in procuring a ma- jority for the resolution, in "My Own Times," thusly : "This proceeding in the General Assembly looked revolu- tionary, and was condemned by all honest and reflecting men. This outrage was a death blow to the convention." The auti-slavery or anti-convention of the assembly, led by Governor Coles, now published an address to the people of Illinois, to unmask the purposes of the conspirators to make a slave constitution. The address, undoubtedly penned by the governor, was an impassioned, masterly ap- peal to the people to rise up in their might and save the state from the greatest shame and disaster that could ever be visited upon any people. Speaking of slavery, it says : " What a strange spectacle would be presented to' the civil- ized world, to see the people of Illinois, yet innocent of this great national sin, and in the full enjoyment of all the blessings of free government, sitting down in solemn conven- tion to deliberate and determine whether they should intro- duce among them a portion of their fellow-beings to be cut off from those blessings, to be loaded with the chains of bondage, and rendered unable to leave any other legacy to their posterity than the inheritance of their own servitude ! The wise and the good of all nations would blush at our political depravity. Our professions of republicanism and equal freedom would incur the derision of despots and the scorn and reproach of tyrants. We should write the epi- taph of free government upon its tombstone." The closing words of this address contain the following eloquent appeal : " In the name of unborn millions, who will rise up after us, and call us blessed or accursed, according to our deeds — in the name of the injured sons of Africa, whose claims to be equal with their fellow-men will plead their own cause against their usurpers before the tribunal of eternal justice, we conjure you. fellow-citizens, to ponder upon these things." — E. B. Wuthb ami's Sketch of Edward Coles, This appeal was signed by fifteen members of the senate and the house, Blakeman and Churchill, of Madison, among them. T. W. Smith, the senator of that county ; and Ema- nuel J. West, the third representative, were convention and pro slavery men. George Cadwell, formerly of Madison, and frequently mentioned in our historical sketch, signed the appeal as senator of Pike and Greene counties, " daughters " of Madison. George Churchill, who had been most prominent during said session in the struggle against slavei-y, was, together with his friend, Risdon Moore of St. Clair, burned in effigy in his own (Madison) county, because of his labors. Never- theless, the majority of the people of ^Madison county saw fit to re-elect him in 1824. The pro-slavery men were not slow in coming before the people with a public address, drawn up by a committee com- posed of the most talented men of the state, — T. W. Smith and Emanuel J. West of Madison among them. " The con- test raged in fury throughout the state. The pro-slavery 142 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. men had defiantly thrown down the gauntlet, and the anti- slavery men took it up with equal defiance. The conflict was long and bitter and no quarter was given on either side. There were not only the strong men of both parties, orators, judges, lawyers, but the rank and file of the people entered into the struggle with a violence, a zeal, and a determination alike without limit, and without example in the state There was a perfect avalanche of personaliiies, threats, and denunciations, and Governor Ford well says, that, had not the people made allowance for all the exaggerations and falsehoods, the reputations of all men would have been over- whelmed and consumed. Newspapers, handbills aud pamph- li^ts were scattered broadcast. These missive weapons of a fiery contest were scattered everywhere, and everywhere they scorched as they flew. Almost every slump in every county had its bellowing, indignant orator on one side or the other, and the whole people, for the space of months, did scarcely anything but read uewspapers, hindbills and pamphlets, quarrel, wrangle and argue with each other, whenever they met together to hear the violent harangues of their orators." — Ford's History. There were two weekly newspapers published in Madison county at that time : the Eepublican, a pro-slavery orgm under the direction of Theo. W. Smith, Erainuel J. West and Judge McRiibsrts (subsequently U S. senator); and the Spec- tator, a decidedly anti-convention organ, managed by Hooper Warren. " The c jntroversy between the two papers in Edwardsville, representing convention and anti-convention, was waged with great violence. State Senator Theophilus W. Smith, afterwards Judge of the Supreme Court, editor of the Repvhlican, undertook to cowhide Hooper Warren, of the Spectator. Failing in his purpose, he drew a dirk on him ; Warren then pulled out his pistol, when the combat- ants were separated, aud nobody hart." — Washburne on Gov. Coles. The convention, or, more properly, pro-slavery scheme, was defeated at the polls on the first Monday of August, 1824:, by a vote of 4950 in favor of, and of 6822 against it, Madison county polled 914 votes, 351 for, and 563 against, convention. Among the papers of Samuel McKitrick, then a citizen of Madison county, now dead, was found the following ticket of that memorable election : people's ballot. For new constitution. Fur article prohibiting banks. For excluding negroes and mulattoes. No right of suffrage or office to negroes or mulattoes. For laws excluding negroes and mulattoes from coming into and voting in this state. For congressional apportionment. The reader will perceive how artfully the people's ballot ■was prepared. There was scarcely a dozen men in the county who would not have voted for the 2d, 3 I, 4th, 5ih aud Gth clauses, hence it was thought the first clause would be voted for also, as it was allied to good or at least popular measures. The political sense of the voters of 18-4 how- ever, was peer to the artful designs of intriguers who were ignoniiniously defeated. This ticket was given into the custody of the Historical Society of Chicago by Hon. Joseph Gillespie of Edwardsville, and is kept there as a memento. The legislature elected in August 1824, strange as it may appear, was not anti slavery, for instead of electing Gov. Edward Coles senator of the U. S., as was generally ex- pected, they chose a strong and violent proslavery man, Elias Kent Kane of Kaskaskia to succeed John McClean. The reader will excuse the digression in which the writer has indulged. The all absorbing question of the day had seized upon all people and officers, to such a degree that the public business was neglected. The records of the county commis- sioner' s court of 1 824, do not even state if taxes had been collected during the year. From a private memorandum made by the treasurer of the county and placed into the hands of the clerk in 1845 (twenty-one years later) it ap- pears however that the total revenue collected in the years 1821 and 1S25 amounted to $4,511.61, and that the county authorities had signed warrants amounting in the aggregate to SS,031.SJ: in the same period of time. The building of the donation court-house progressed but slowly. The court kept urging the committee to finish the work, or had their clerk to .stir them up. We give here a specimen of Hail Mason's laconic letters : Messrs John T. Lusk, Joshua Atwater and Paris Mason, Court-house Commissioners, Gentlemen, you are requested to meet the commissioners court now in session, on the 26th instant aud inform them what progress you are making (if any) in the discharge of your duties. I am respectfully yours etc.. Hail Mason, Clerk. The commissioners had repeatedly prayed the court to grant them further time, to get that " donation house com- pleted. Finally however, the court released them altogether. The records of March 10, 1825, contain the following entry: Court will give up to J. T. Lusk, Paris Mason and Joshua Atwater their bond if they donate to the county the new brick court-house situated on the public square as far as it is finished, and level off the surface of the earth for a dirt floor all over except a space of 12 feet wide across the N- W. end of the lower story, which shall be floored for the judge's bench, and transfer to the county all material intended for the courthouse and all the unpaid subscriptions, this to be done so that the circuit court may convene there on Monday nest. The court-house was taken formal possession of on the 25th of June, 1835. In speaking of this building, the Madison county Gazetteer has the following : Nor could the brick court house and jail built a few years afterward (i. e. after the building of the primitive log cabin c. h.) be called a great improvement. When the eccentric Lorenzo Dow came to Edwardsville to preach some years afterward and was shown the court-house as the place of meeting, he re- fused to preach in it, saying " it was only fit for a hog pen." It had not yet a floor except a very narrow staging for the Court and Bar. There were no stairs to reach the upper HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 143 floor, and it was painful to see old men serving as jurors climb up a steep and fragile ladder. The first public school district of the county was organ- ized by this board in June, 1825. It was named the " Alton district," commencing on the Mississippi at the mouth of Wood river, thence up that river to where the section line between 18 and 19, Town 5, Range 9, intersects it, thence east on said section line, to the line between sections IG and 17, thence north, on said line to the north boundary of said township 5-9, thence west to the river, and south to the place of beginning. The school districts Edwardsville, Silver Creek, Wood river, Ebenezer in 4-8 and East Fork in 4-5 were organized soon after. J. T. Lusk was appointed assessor and also commissioner of census. Neither assessment nor census rep rts have been, preserved. Prices of road labor were as follows : Each 4 horse wagon, 50 cent*, each pair of horses, 50 cents ; each yoke of oxen, 50 cents; each cart, 25 cents; each plow, ISl and each hand with tool, 50 cents per day. The county was subdivided into the following road districts, placed under the manage- ment of the following supervisors: Six Mile, with Joseph Squire; Edwardsville, with Nathan Scarritt ; Long Lake, with John Waddle ; Hoxey, with E. Hoxey ; Coles, with Robert Aldrick ; Indian Creek, with John Estabrook ; Piasa, with Isaac Scarriit ; Wood river, with Sam. W. Rhodes ; Alton, with Ephraini Marsh ; Sugar Creek, with Benaiah Gullick ; Silver Creek, with William Paikiuson ; Troy, with Josiah Caswell ; Saline, with James Pearce ; Ridge Prairie, with Joseph Bartlett ; Unionville, ■with Ezra Post and Marine with Matthew C. Garey as supervisor. SEVENTH DISTRICT 1825-26. John Howard, Benjamin Stedman and Daniel A. Lanter- man (new members). Joseph Conway resigned his office as clerk of the county commissioners, court on the 10th of December, 1S25, where- upon the court appointed Hail Mason in his place. 1826, April 29. The court ordered, that Hail Mason and Emanuel J. West be appointed commissioners to sell the old courF-house for cash to the highest bidder, also to let out to the lowest bidder the building of a flight of stairs on the new court-house and finishing two rooms for clerk's offices, and to report. This report has been preserved, in words as follows ; To the Hon. : County Commissioners of Madison county now in session : The undersigned appointed by the Hon. county commis- sioners at their special term in April, 1826, to contract for the finishing of two rooms in the second story of the court- house and for erecting a flight of stairs in said court-house and to sell to the highest bidder for cash the old log court- house, report : That in conformity with the authority vested in them by the court, they proceeded according to previous public notice to sell and did sell the old court house to Isaac Prickett for 155 dollars cash, which was paid, and that they contracted with Samuel Thurston for finishing the rooms and make the flight of stairs aforesaid, except plastering for the following sums, $60.00 to be paid in cash when the work is finished according to contract, that is on the 1st day of August, 1826, and S60.00 in an order on the county treasury, or its equivalent in state paper ;* of the above sums the undersigned will be able to pay the first amount in ca.sh, (i. e. state paper) out of the funds in auditor war- rants in the hands of Hail Mason and the proceeds of the old court-house in like manner deposited. The undersigned have it not in their power at present to say, if any or what balance will remain in their hands after furnishing the materials for the improvements, to make which they were appointed by your honors. June Term 1826. Hail Mason, Emanuel J. West, Agents, Thurston was paid $60.00 in county paper of SI. 00 each, by order of court during the term. The following were the successful candidates at the August election, 1826. Joseph Conway, reelected state senator ; George Churchill, reelected representative ; David Prickett, elected representative; William Montgomery, Emanuel J. Leigh, Samuel Seybold, county commissioners ; Nathaniel Buck- master, sheriff; Jacob C. Bruner, coroner; Hon. Ninian Edwards was elected governor of the state at the same election ; Joseph Duncan was elected in the same year iu place of D. P. Cook, member of congress. EIGHTH BOARD 1826-27. William Montgomery, Samuel Seybold and Emanuel J. Leigh. This administration ordered the following: SUBDIVISION OF COUNTY INTO ELECTION DISTRICTS. In pursuance of "An act to provide for the election of justices of the peace and constables, approved December .']0, 1826, requiring the county commissioners of each county in this state, at their June term, to divide their respective counties into a convenient number of districts, not less than two or more than eight, distinctly defining the boundaries of each district, giving to each a name to appoint a place there- in for holding elections hereinafter mentioned, and to cause, the same to be rendered of record in their respective courts. It is therefore ordered that the county of Madison be laid off into seven districts in the following manner, to wit: Edwardsville district bounded as follows: Commencing at Cox's old bridge on Cahokia creek and running eastward so as to include Samuel Judy, thence northeast to the line be- tween towns three and four, thence east to the line between ranges seven and eight, thence northerly so as to include * The depreciations 01 county orders, ''state paper,' liad brought about a most deplorable state of afiUirs. State paper was then worlh 30 cents per i^l.OO, and county orderii G63 cents in state paper or 20 cents in specie. State paper was " legal tender," the collector had to take it in payment for taxes, and, in that year, was instructed to receive county orders in lieu of state jiaper at 33,^ cents off. T.ie revenue of 1826, .?4,74.5.29, had a specie valuaiion of §l,423.5S. 144 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Joseph Hartlett's and Clark's old place, thence to Silver Creek, thence up the west fork of said creek to the county line, thence west along said line to Cahokia creek, thence down said creek to John Newman, thence west so as to in- clude said Newman, thence southwest so as to include the widow Davidson, thence to the beginning. Tiie election to be holden at the court house in jthe town of Edwardsville, on the first Monday in August next, and Edmund Fruit, Isaac Prickett, and Joshua Atwater are hereby appointed judges of the same. Six Milf, District bounded as follows : Bsginning at Charles Dejailais on the bank of the Mississippi running south with the county line to the south line of the county, thence east with said line to Cahokia creek, thence up said creek to Cox's bridge, thence west to the beginning. The election is to be held at the dwelling-house of Barbara Laughlin. Thomas Giilham, James Brier, and Henry Hayes are hereby ap- pointed judges of election to be held on the Grst Monday of August next. Indian Creek District bounded as follows: Beginning at Cox's bridge on Cahokia creek, thence along said creek so as not to include George Harlan, thence northeast to the widow Davidson, but not to include the widow, thence east to John Newman on Cahokia, thence up said creek to the county line, thence along said line opposite the east fork of Wood river, thence down said river so as not to include Little and Tichnells, and down the same to PuUiam's old ford, and thence to the beginning. The election to beholden at William Montgomerys. William Ogle, John Collet and Oliver Livermore were appointed judges of the same. Silver Creek District bounded as follows: Beginningat the county line, where the line dividing sections 27 and 28 in- tersect it, in town three north and runniug north six miles, thence to the upper bridge on the west fork of Silver creek 80 as to include Caleb Gouterman, thence up said creek to the count}' line, thence east along said line three miles, thence southwardly to the south line of the county in the middle of Looking Glass prairie so as not to include Abraham and Joseph Howard, and to include John Herron, thence west to the beginning. The election is to be holden at the meeting house in the Marine settlement on the first Jlonday in August next, with William Parkinson, Isaac I ergusou and Jonah Caswell as judges. Sugar Creek District bounded as follows : Commencing at the southeast corner of the county and running west along said county line to the middle of Looking Glass prairie, thence north so as to include Abraham and Joseph Howard, thence north to the county line, thence east to the northeast corner of said county, thence south to the beginning. The elec- tion is to be held at the dwelling-house of Joseph Duncan, with Joseph Duncan, James K. Good and Joseph Howard as judges. Collinsville i)i'.s^cic< bounded as follows: Beginningat Cox's old bridge on the Cahokia creek, thence east along the south side of Samuel Judy's farm to the bluff, thence north- east to the township line between three and four north, thence along said line to the range Hue between range seven and eight, thence northeast so as to include Samuel ]McKitt- ricks to the section line running through the center of range seven, thence south along said line to the county Hne, thence west along said county line to Cahokia creek, thence up said creek to the beginning. The election is to be held at Collins- ville with Dempsey Guthrie, John Hall and Elihu Mather as judges. Greenfield District houniei SIS follows: Commencing at Cox's bridge, thence west to Dejailais ferry, thence up the river to the county line, thence east with said line to the east fork of Wood river, thence down said river to where it passes through the blufi" so as to include Tiohnell and Little to the place of beginning. The election is to be held at Alton, with William More, Oliver Foster, and David Smith as judges of the same. Cahokia District, to be bounded as follows : Commencing at the southwest corner of section 36, town six north, range eight west, thence north 24 miles, thence east 20 miles, thence south 24 miles on the line of Montgomery county, thence west to the place of beginning. The elections are to be held at the dwelling house of Stephen Wilcox, Sr., with Ephraim Beet, David Swett, Telemachus Camp, as judges. This was the largest precinct of the county at that period of time, containing 480 square miles. The sheriff as collector of revenue was instructed to re- ceive county orders in payment of taxes atadiscount of 33:V. It is truly painful to observe that the county authorities had thus to dishonor the county's paper. The county debt at that particular time was less than $5000, as will appear hereafter, and by jaroper management matters could certainly have been arrainged in a more satisfactory manner. The law of 1826 above mentioned gave the people the long desired privilege to elect their justices of peace and constables, a boon that had been withheld for nearly a decade. The following justices of the peace were elected on the first Mon- day of August, 1827, to wit: Joseph Duncan, Moses Seeds, Thomas Giilham, (the one that had bought the silver knee- buckles at a public sale mentioned on a previous page) Jar- rot Dugger, James Pearce, Roger Snell, Emanuel J. West, Samuel Seybold, Julius L Barnsback, Ephraim Mar h, Daniel Meeker, Samuel W. Rhodes, Jesse Starkey, Wil- liam Ogle, Isham A'incent, Justus D. Selhorst and John Claypole. The following are constables elected at the same time to wit: William Cummings, Nicholas Kile, Peter Branstetter, Daniel Funderburk, John C. Dugger, Josiah Seybold, Josiah Little, William Newman, Samuel H. Denton, Jesse Huffaker and Amos H. Squire. Joseph Bartlett was ap- pointed treasurer and assessor, succeeding J. T. Lusk, re- signed. The records under date of December 1827, contain a lengthy financial statement of the county, which is here in- troduced. It refers to a statement published in December, 1S25, stating that there had then been a balance against the county (floating debt) of §3,783 62, whereas the records of that terra state that their debt had amounted to §4,937.311. This diflereuce is not explained. HISTORY OF MAD ISO y COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 145 STATEMEST. The expenditures of the coiiuty during the two years end- ing December, 1827, were as follows, on account of: Road!!. ^ 548.22 Elections cS4.0() Compensation of county commissioners 2G8.66 Boarding prisoners 22 00 Compensation of county clerks 100.10 Selecting school lands IS.66 Support of paupers 836.22 Stationery 66.25 Office rent 90.33 SheriS's attendance of court 329.8I Jail repairs 31.25 Courthouse repairs 251.29 Fees in criminal cases 46452 Compensation of assessor 166.49 E.t-officio salary of clerks 203.86 Salaries of constables 107.33 Attorney's fee County vs. Ed. Coles 2o0.00 $3645.05 Floating debt, December, 1875 3,783.«2 §7,428.67 The receipts had been : Taxes for 1826 $2,086.94 Licenses and fines, 1826 113.64 County tax 1S27 1.532.16 Licenses and fines, 1827 151.00 $4,745.29 Present floating debt ?2,683.38 NIXTH BOARD, 1827-1830. E. J. Ivcigh, George Smith and David Swett. The court- house troubles, like the ghost in Hamlet, would not down. This board was beset from all sides to have this incubus finished, and in February, 1828, the court contracted with Daniel Wise to complete the donation Court House at the expense of 8565.00. A few months liter Daniel Wise wrote and subscribed the following document : " It is hereby understood and agreed that I will deliver up and have the contract canceled, which I have lately entered into with the county commissioners of Madison County re- i specting the court-house, and deliver up all the materials ' which I received from the county, provided the court which is to be called by judge Lee (means Leigh) on Monday nest, shall consent to receive the same. Edwardsville, Aug. 5, 1828. Daniel Wise." i The commissioners conducted the affairs of the county in ! a strictly economical style, the total expenditures of the year 1828 did not exceed the sum of S 1200, while the income collected and in process of collection amounted to over $3000.00. The election of 1828 was a very quite one. George i Churchill was again elected to the legislature in company ' with old brother Williams Jones, who had again come down from the shelf, where he had been resting for years. The 19 ' revenue of 1829 was S2792.84, and it cost the county S209 06 to collect it. The court fixed the rates for ferries and taverns, making no changes except a slight advance in the price to be charged for whiskej' or brandy. A new ferry had been established in 1828, and Matthew Kerr located it at the present site of the town of Venice ; his annual license wa.? fixed at $20 00. The board employed Cyrus Ei wards and David Prickett tobringsuit against Joseph Bartlett, ex-treasurer, superseded March 30, 1830, by the appointment of Isaac Cox. In June following, Joseph Bartlett brought suit against the county, but found it unprofitable to prosecute. The county subse- quently obtained judgment against Bartlett, who took an appeal to the Supreme Court. Decree of court below was affirmed, and Bartlett paid $797.90 to David Swett, agent of the county, in March, 1834, in liquidation of the suit. Bartlett's securities, Matthias Handlon and Julius L. Barn- back had previously served a notice on the court, asking to be relieved as no immediate steps were taken to obtain judgment. The term of this board ended in August, 1830, when Thomas Gillham, Robert Aldrich and David Swett were elected. Joseph Conway was reelected state senator, and George Churchill representative. Madison and part of Macoupin formed a representative district, entitled to two members of the house. The second member elected was John B. E. Canal, whose residence is not mentioned in the records. Nathaniel Buckmaster was again, the sixth time in succession,elected sheriff, and James G. McGriffii coroner. TENTH BOARD. 1830-1833. Thomas Gillham, Robert Aldrich and David Swett The board at its October special term requested Jud^e T. W. Smith to invite Hon. S. D Lickwood to attend the next term of the Madison county circuit court, and to preside during the trial of the case against Joseph Bartlett. At the December term William Meads, an old revolu- tionary soldier, appeared before the court, in order to secure for himself the pension to which he was entitled under vari- ous acts of congress. There were quite a numbsr of the heroes of 1776 living in the county, as related in another chapter. The application of Meads has been preserved. It runs thus : St.\te of Illinois, \ Madison County, j On the 6th of December, 183), personally appeared in open court, being a court of record for the said county of Madison, William Meads, resident in said county, aged ninety one years, who being first duly sworn according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the provisions made by the act of congress of the 18th of March, 1818, and the 1st of May, 1820, that the said William Meads enlisted for the term of three years in the year 1775, as well as he recollected, in the state of New Jersey, in the company commanded by Captain Dicker- son, in the lineof the state of New Jersey, in the regiment com- manded by Colonel Dayton ; that he continued to serve in the 146 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. same corps until he was discharged in the state of New Jersey ; that he enlisted again in the same regiment and company in the year 1778 ; that his name is not on any state roll except in the state aforesaid. And the following are the reasons for not making earlier application for a pension. He says that he has made application, but was told ihat he had been returned as a deserter on these grounds : that he had been taken prisoner during the battle on Long Island ; that he had deserted from the British prison-ship at Charleston, South Carolina, and joined General Green at High Hills, not being able to get to his own regiment; and while with General Green was at the battle of the Eutaw Springs, and was wounded ; that he was left with the wounded at Santee under the care of Gen- eral Sumpter, (?) and was unable to travel to join his regi- ment at the time it was discharged ; and that these facts have never been laid before the government, and that he has no other evidence now of his said services in his possession or power than his own oath. And in pursuance of the act of 1st of May, I do most solemnly swear that I was a resident citizen of the United States on the 18th of October, 1818, and that I have not since that time by gift, sale or in any manner disposed of my property or any part thereof with intent thereby to diminish it so as to bring myself within the provisions of an act to provide for certain persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States in the Revolutionary war, passed on the ISth day of March, 1»18, and that I have not, nor has any person for me, any property or securities, contracts or debts due to me, nor have I any income other than what is contained in the schedule hereunto annexed and by me subscribed. My occupation is that of a farmer ; my ability to pursue it is very limited; none of my children are living with me, so that I am dependent on other persons for a support. Schedule. — I have nothing but the clothes that I wear, at the value of seven or eight dollars or thereabouts. This application was a failure ; Mr. Meads' name does not appear on the pension rolls. The preceding board had, as stated before, been very rigid in cases of economy. The pauper accounts in 1830 were less than §170.00; the elective cost, only $66.20; roads and bridges about as much, so that on the 9lh of December all the outstanding county orders had been re- deemed, and yet a balance of §746.15 remained in the trea- sury. Measures were now, April, 1831, taken to finish the " donation " at public expense. Charles Sloper contracted to furnish material and fini.sh the following work by the 1st of October, 1831, to wit: a desk for the judge, with the front neatly paneled, with a shelf and cornice, and two doors, four jury boxes, five seats for lawyers and suitors, balustrading to enclose the bar and jury boxes; in the upper story to put up a standing partition, base and surbase, two paneled doors; to finish laying the floor, suitable for two jury rooms ; to make and hang six pairs of " Venetian" window-blinds, etc., all the work to be done in a good substantial manner, and of first-class material, for all which the county promises to pay said Sloper the sum of/o«c hundred and fifty dollars in specie. The plastering of the court-house was contracted for in September, with George G. Nevitt, at twenty-eight cents per square yard, to be measured according to the customary rules among plasterers. Mr. Nevitt was paid 8182 511 for his work. The donation courthouse was now completed — ten years after its corner-stone was laid. Ex-governor Ninian Edwards, who had once made the most liberal offer in re- ference to the county buildings, was now a resident of Alton. In September, 1831, he received and paid $12.00 for a li- cense to. retail merchandise at Lower Alton. Hail Mason resigned the ofiice of county clerk on the 8th of September, 1831, when J. T. Lusk was appointed his successor. David Prickett, who had been appointed com- missioner of school lands, declined to serve, and J. T. Lusk was appointed to this place also. The court was ordered to loan school funds in sums of one hundred dollars or less, at twenty-five per cent., and larger amounts at twenty per cent, annual interest. Money must still have been very scarce, and people who had to pay such outrageous charges for their loans could scarcely be expected to prosper. The finan- cial report of 1831 does not mention the balance of $746. 15 reported to have been in the treasury in December, 1830> and it may be presumed that the amount was converted into specie to pay off Sloper's claim of $450. The expenditures of the county are again on the increase, and exceed the in- come, leaving on said 1st of December the county in debt to the amount of forty-four cents. Francis Roach, an old soldier of the war of independence, appeared before the court to have his pension secured for him. He said he was born in Fairfax C. H., Virginia, 1739 ; enlisted in Joseph Session's Co., Col. Richard Cas- well's regiment of the North Carolina line for three months, in 1779 ; again, in 1780, with Captain Dougherty on the frontier, for one year; then went with his captain in the service under Gen. Rogers Clark, in 1782 ; and served again for seven weeks with his old captain, under Gen. Benjamin Logan, against the Indians in 1786 ; was then (1832) ninety- three years of age; had lived from 1787 to 1806 in the counties of Mercer, Lincoln, Washington, and Livingston, Kentucky; and in 1806 came to Madison county, then a part of St. Clair county, Illinois. Rev. John Barber and George Kinder gave testimony in reference to the claim of Roach and his character. The old gentleman lived long enough to see his application granted, and to enjoy the pay as member of this American Legion of Honor. The amount drawn, viz: $74.01, shows that he survived three years ex- actly, as his annual allowance was only $24.67. This legion had 22 members in this county, and the annual pension paid to them amounted to $1,397.71. These annual pensions ranged from $20.00 paid to Laban Smart, and $97.- 50, paid to Joseph McAdanis. In August, 1834, Cyrus Edwards and James Semple were elected members of the legislature, and N. Buckmaster was reelected sheriff. The expenditures of the county during the year amounted to $1887. 09i, of which $741. a3.} went towards supporting paupers. In March, 1833, the court contracted with George Nevitt for the building of the clerk's office on the public square, HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILIINIOS. 147 the building to be fifty feet long and twenty feet wide, of brick, one story of ten feet, f.iundation to be of stone, eighteen inches below the surface aud twelve above; outside walls to be fourteen inches ; eight windows of twenty-four lights, l'2x 12 each; two outside doors, sill of outside doors and win- dows to be of stone ; to be done by November 1st, 1833, for $')00. And with Charles Sloper to do the carjionter and glazier work, and furnish materials, for $337.00. These buildings are still in existence, serving now as school-rooms for the children of the numerous negro population of the district. During the official term of this court, a number of peti. tions, praying for suppression of grog shops in the towns of the county, were laid before the members. One of these petitions, signed by a large number of Altonians, gave a most graphic description of the condition of afifairs in Alton, saying : " Your petitioners have of late been led to reflect much upon the nature and effects of ardent spirits, as eshib- iied in the character and condition of those who are habitu- ally addicted to their use, — the result of which is a settled conviction in their minds, that they are not only totally use- less as a means of supporting thcys-tem, or giving lasting en- ergy to any foculties of themind, — but decidedly injurious to both ; and that they have for years, in common witl) many of their fellow citizens, deplored the wide-spreading desola- tion of intemperance, without the power of interposing any effectual barrier to stay its progress ; and that too often have they been compelled to witness the alienation of affection, — the subversion of principle, and the brutal ferocity of the senseless inebriate in his descent from respectability or com- parative affluence, down the precipice of intemperance, to the abodes of wretchedness and want ; and that they have frequently witnessed the contaminating influence that is ■wielded by the congregating of these loathsome objects in a mixed population, when method and fixed principles have not by their perfect establishment become the law of indivi- dual or corporate action; and they have often leflected upon the happy consequences that would result from a total sup- ])ression of this degrading vice in their village; and believing as they do, that the principal cause of the evil is to be traced to thenumerous dram shops that disgrace our towns through- out the land ; and that no step that can be taken will be as likely to bring about a permanent change in the habits of a community in this respect as to remove the cause of the evil ; they are constrained, from a sense of duty they owe to them- selves and to the rising generation, to ask of your honors that the assistance which your official station commands may be directed to aid them in suppressing the degrading vice, and that you will refuse to grant any licenses to sell ardent spirits in the town of Alton the present year It is not, however, designed to prevent the licensing of respectable houses for the entertainment of travelers now at Alton, or that may become really necessary for the accommodation of travelers, but only those which, under the bonds of inn- keepers, serve not to accommodate the weary traveler, but to afford facilities for drunkenness. In making this request, your petitioners are not conscious of being influenced by any other motives than those which spring from a desire to benefit their fellow-beings. They do believe that patriotism and benevolence are the moving principles that have induced them to lay before you this petition. In proof of this, they appeal to its nature and spirit. What is it that they ask ? It is that the floodgates of dissipation may be closed — that the highway to destruc- tion may be blocked up — that the avenues of vice may be stopped — that the seeds of disease and death be blasted — that the foundations of pollution and wickedness may be cleansed — that the causes of contention and strife may be removed — that the drafts on reason and common sense may be protected — that the sorrows of the widow's heart may be soothed— that the wife's distracting anxiety may be allevi- ated — that the nakedness of the children may be covered — that peace may take the place of tumult — order of confusion — virue of vice. These are the things that they ask ; and they appeal to your honors as men possessing a perfect knowledge of the existence and cause of these evils, whether their request is not a reasonable one — if it is, ought it not to be granted? Is there one weighty reason why it should not be? Your petitioners are fully of the opinion that there is not. They do not believe that the trifling sum that annually accrues to the count)' treasury from the avails of licenses to sell spirits ought to have any influence in deciding, even upon the expediency of granting this petition, when all ex- perience testifies, that a license to retail spirits is nothing less than a license to fit men for acts of desperation and vio- lence; they cannot perceive any consistency in those meas- ures which, in the first place, impose a severe penalty on the transgressors of the law, and then, for a few shillings, authorize the existence of a grogshop, whose sole business it is to dethrone reason and to drive the unhappy victims to trample under foot all law. If the object of granting licenses is confined to the raising of revenue, your petitioners are decidedly of the opinion that it is the worst po.ssible scheme for accomplishing this object that could have been devised. They do not believe that the county could ever be made rich by such means ; but, on the contrary, they do believe that it is the surest and quickest way of bringing upon us poverty with all its evils. They believe that the tendency of grog- shops is to produce pauperism, and that ten times the amount received from licenses in the county would not de- fray the expenses of the paupers that may be manufactured in one year by a single grog shop. Your petitioners think that it would not be difficult for them to prove, that where- ever these nurseries of vice exist, they do operate as a bur- densome and oppressive tax upon the community, and that this tax is very unequally borne. That, in consequence of crimes committed against the laws of the state, which have their origin in scenes of dissipation, they are called upon as peace officers, or good citizens, to attend long, tedious trials before a court, and freciuently without compensation for time lost or money expended. These are not imaginary grievances but real, your peti- tioners have felt them and will continue to as long as whis- key can be had at every corner of their streets, at all hours of the day and night by any one who can command a six- pence, be he drunk or be he sober. But setting aside the 148 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. consideration of profit or loss there is one view of the subject to which more particularly they wish to draw your atten- tion, and that is, the pernicious influence that is exerted by a grog shop jwpulation to break down and destroy the prin- ciples of morality and religion in their immediate neighbor- hood. Whoever saw a man fresh from his cups with a heart glowing with love to God and good will to man ? Whoever heard of the accomplishment or happy progress of any scheme for bettering the condition of the world, either by penetrating the darkness of pagan superstition opening to the mind the beauties of the gospel or instructing the rising generation in those principles that are best adapted to their circumstances as moral and accountable beings, that had its origin in a community of tipplers? But on the contrary who has not witnessed the contemptuoj-is sneer, the fiend-like rage of the grog shop haunter, when subjects of this char- acter are introduced in his presence. Intemperance is a vice that seldom, if ever, goes single handed ; it is invaria- bly attended by a host of others. In such a community the children are daily witnessing the grossest and most wicked violations of those precepts, that they have been taught as coming from the Creator, and designed for their good, the tendency of which is to familiarize their minds with sin and thus early learn to tread its thorny paths. That the exis- tence of dram-shops in a community, but more especially in one made up of laboring men, does operate to counteract the exertions of benevolent enterprise is a truth not to be denied ; that they are not unfrequently the scenes of discord and contention, and that where they are the most numerous these scenes are of most frequent occurrence, are truths ac- knowledged by all. Why then suffer them to exist ? Why not banish them at once and rid us of an evil that is so de- structive to all that is desirable. Your petitioners feel that now is the time for action, and that much is depending on the result of this effort in relation to the character their village is to sustain. They feel the importance of laying the foxnidations of their villar/e on temperance principles from the consideration that it is much easier to prevent evils than to remove them, when once incorporated into the habits of so- ciety. They therefore pray your Honors that this their petition be granted. Signed by Ephraim Marsh, William Miller, C. W. Hunter, Solomon E. Moore, D. A. Spaulding, Samuel Wade, Samuel p. Stratton, R. G. Euox, John W. Slaten, Henry Boothby, John Haine, Henry Evans, Joel Finch, Samuel Abiz, John Buchanan, Mark Pearson, Josiah Rees, Alexander G. Mel- rose, W. T. Meacham, Winthrop L. Gilman, John Lee, Nathan Barrett, Curtis Nobbs, John Walker, H. Davis, L. J. Clawson, William Harrison, Samuel Delaplain, Simon Peters, Enoch iLang, W. _G. Pinckard, George W^. Fuller, John Manning, Thomas Lippincott, Benjamin T. Lang, Stephen Griggs, "W. Manning Jr., Alviu Bailey, Samuel Bush, J. C. Hayes, Henry Watts, William Hayden, E. Hayden, W. A. Robertsjn, G. N. Morgan, H. S Summers E. P. Long, John Camp and Hail Mason. Andrew Miller had also signed this petition, but his name is blotted out- Andrew INIiller was elected sherifl' of Madison county after- wards. The court ordered the above petition to be placed on file, where it remained for fifty years. The penmanship of the petition is splendid, and seems to have been the work of either D. A. Spaulding, Mark Pearson or Hail Mason. The Altonians were undoubtedly displeased with the disposal made of their eloquent petition of February 23, 1832, and now on the 7th of May, 1832 they reported to the county authorities that they had incorporated their town. This document was made a matter of record ; it says : Lower Alton, May 7th, 1832. At a meeting of the citizens of Alton held this day at the Union Hotel for the purpose of taking the sense of the in- habitants in relation to incorporating the town, Stephen Griggs was chosen president of the meeting and W. S. Gilman appointed clerk. The officers were duly sworn, and having ascertained that the town contained over one hundred and fifty inhabitants, and that ten days previous public notice of this meeting had been given according to law, they received the following votes : In favor of incorporating the town : John Lee, William Miller, Ephraim Marsh, S. E. Moore, Z- Low, Charles W. Hunter, M. C. Garey, Stephen Griggs, S. T. Kendall, Wm. Manning, jr., Samuel Airs, John Quigley, W. S. Emerson, Samuel Wade, W. S. Gilman. No votes were given in the negative. Stephex Griggs, President. W. S. Oilman, Clerk. The names of Alton and Upper Alton were officially re- cognized soon after, as the old precinct of Greenfield was subdivided into two election districts, March 1833, to be called Alton and Upper Alton. The " poll " for the former was located at the house of Andrew Miller. The election of 1834 gave to Cyrus Edwards a seat in the state senate, in place of Joseph Conway, and sent Nathaniel Buckmaster and Jesse B. Thomas, jr., to the house of rep- resentatives. Thomas G. Lofton was chosen sheriff, and James Wilson coroner. Madison county had since 1^533 formed a part of the first congressional district, and was rep- resented by Charles Slade of Clinton county. ELEVENTH BOARD 1834-1836. David Swett, Robert Aldrick and John Newman. A special election was held in October 1834 to elect a member of congress in place of Charles Slade, who on his way home from Washington had fallen a victim to cholera, then raging through the United States. Governor Reynolds was elected to fill this vacancy, and reelected at the con- gressional election in November following, for a full term in the 24th congress, 1835 to 1837. Nathaniel Buckmaster, who had been sheriff since 1822, made final settlement at the June term and was allowed $44.5.50 " back " pay in full of his fees for serving notices to road supervisors, grand and petit jurors and judges of election during those 12 years — Jurors received a compen- HIS TO BY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 149 sation of 50 cents each day by order of court— August special term 1835. The couuty revenue of the year 1835, was 84,262.86 and the expenditures amounted to 84 079.40, of which 81,163, 60 had been paid towards supporting paupers. The balance reported in treasury in 1834 is not mentioned. Isaac Co.x was appointed commissiouer of census in 1835. The returns have not been preserved. James Wilson, coroner, was appointed sheriff' in place of T. G. Lofton, resigned June 10, 1836. Ordered by the court that the county be kid off into ten electioa precincts, to be called Edwardsville, Collinsville, Marine, Sugar Creek, Silver Creek, Cahokia Creek, Monticello, Alton, Upper Alton and Six Mile. The first stone bridge built in the county, across Shield's branch, was contracted for, Alton to pay 81000, and the county 8500.— 1836. July 23. Joseph Conway, former clerk of this court, presented a claim of $489.67i " back" pay, but was refused and told that he had received 830.00 per annum ex-ofBcio salary, and that the county was not re- sponsible for work he had done for |)rivate individuals. August 1836. Elected John Hagau, James Temple and Robert Smith members of the house of representatives, Nathaniel Buckmaster sheriff, and Robert Aldrick, Abel Moore and S. W. Robbins, county commissioners. TWELFTH BOARD-1836-1838. Robert Aldrick, Abel Moore and S. W. Robbins. The court appointed William Ogle treasurer March term, 1837, in place of Isaac Cox, resigned. The era of bridge building was inaugurated by this board, who at said term, ordered a substantial bridge to be erected across Wood river at Milton. This bridge was built by Samuel Grub, and completed in December 1837 at an expense of 85,125.00. It should be born in mind that the total revenue of 1837 amounted to but 65579.47. The clerk was ordered to pay into the treasury all amounts received by this court and its predecessors. From this order it would appear, that balances due by outgoing treasurers had been paid into court instead of to the incoming treas- urers. The amount paid over in consequence of the above order was stated to have been 81,205.25. The tavern rates were raised during this administration to twice the amount previously fixed ; a meal cost now fifty cents, and half a pint of whiskey, twenty-five cents. The various county offices, heretofore filled by appoint- ment, were made elective by acts of the 10th General Assem- bly— 1830 to 1838. William T. Brown was elected county clerk, William Ogle trea.«urer, John T Lusk school commis.sioner, and Benaiah Robinson surveyor, — at the August elections, 1837. A financial transaction of some magnitude, considering the resources of the county, took place during this adminis- tration. The State legislature had, by law, located the State penitentiary at Alton, in accordance with an act passed some ten years previously, by which Shadrach Bond, W. P. McKee and Gershom Jayue had been appointed commis- sioners to select a suitable place on the Mississippi river at or near Alton, for a site. The county seems either to have promised a bonus of 85,000 as a subvention, or to have pledged the faith and credit of the county for the payment of that amount by others. Among the files of the ounty, the writer found two drafts, one for 83,000, dated iMay 26, 1837, and the other for 82,000, dated August—, 1837. The phraseology of these drafts is peculiar, as will be seen from the following: Dollars, 3,000. Altox, May 20, 1837. Five days after demand, pay to the order of George Smith, Samuel C. Price and J, R. Wood, inspectors of the peniten- tiary, three thousand dollars, with ten per cent, interest per annum from the date hereof until paid — payable at the Branch of the State Bank of Illinois at Alton, and a notice in writing left by the holders hereof with the teller of said bank shall be deemed sufficient notice and demand of pay- ment, — being on account of Madison county bond. To Messrs. J. M. Krum, C. ) W. Hunter, A. Cawles, Rob- ert Smith, John Hogan & Co., Aldrich & , Clawson - & Cook, N. Buckmaster, J. A. i Townsend, J. C. Bruner, Cook | and Fifield S. Griggs. J Abel IMoore, | l. w. robbi.ss, 1 Two county cornmi-s- siouers. The draft was accepted by those parties, and so endorsed in writing across the face of said draft. A marginal remark contains the following, written in red ink : " Demanded payment at Alton Branch, Bank of Ill- inois, November 21st, 1838; payment refused by a clerk." The draft was formally protested on the 29th of Novem- ber, 1838, before John H. Sparr, notary public, at the re- que.st of the Branch of State Bank of Illinois at Alton, and holder of the original acceptance, who exhibited said bill or acceptance at the counter of the Alton Branch of State Bank of Illinois and demanded payment thereof, whereui.to the answer was made through a clerk of said Branch Bank that said acceptance could not be paid, as funds for that pur- pose had not been furnished. The protest papers contain on the reverse side the follow- ing words written in lead pencil: "Ask Sparr if at any time since demand, funds have been provided for the payment of said draft — Ask if demand was made, also by whom " — and : Jones — " Upon the ground that it is novel instrument and no action can be sustained upon it." Action or no action, the county, nevertheless, paid the full amount, interest included, by issuing county orders, amount- ingin the aggregate to 85,666.67, at the September term, 1839-,. payable to the inspectors of the penitentiary, and bearing ten per cent, annual interest from date of issue until paid. These orders were paid during E. >I. West's term of office as treasurer of the county, and it appears that the fixst pay- ment, to wit: 8100 00, was made on the 12th of September,. 1839, and the last, being the thirtieth, $525.00, on. thfi lOtln 1.30 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of June, 1841. These thirty payraeuts aggregate 86,50484. The funds in discharging this debt were raised by a spe- cial tax. But, to return to our subject matter: in June, 1838, the old precinct name of " Cahokia," liiie the beautiful designa- tion of " Gosheu " heretofore, was now blotted out, Swett's Prairie having been substituted for it. Sugar Creek was changed into Highland, and a new precinct, "Madison," organized north of Six-mile. The result of the August election of 1838 was as fallows : George Churchill, State Senator ; William Ottvrell, George Smith and Robert Smith, members of the House; John Adams, Sheriff; Henry P. Rundall, Coroner, and Hiram Arthur, Edmund Fruit and Thomas J. Waddle, County Commissioners. THIRTEENTH BOARD, 1838-39. The tenure of office of County Commissioners was changed by act of the Tenth General Assembly. The Commiseion- ers elected in August 1838 were to hold their terms for one, two and three years severally, as determined by lot. Hiram Arthur through the three years, Edmund Fruit the two years, and Thomas Waddle the one year's term. Ex-Sheriff Buckmaster was represented to the court to be in default with the County revenue to the amount of S2598.75. An investigation was held before the court, who thereupon entered judgment against Buckmaster for $751.29 due and S 168.78 penalty. A new town named Fitz James is mentioned in connection with a grocery license granted to one Alexander Shaffer. Fitz James is the present Grant Fork in Saline township. Highland is mentioned also for the first time as a town in T. 3-5, and John Zimmermann and Moritz Huegy were licensed to keep taverns, because, the court says, they are respectable men, and will probably keep orderly houses The court divided the county into nine assessors' districts^ with Thomas Gillham, Ebenezer Huntington, Daniel A. Lanterman, Erastus Wheeler, Joseph Bartlett, Kobert Aldrich, Abel Olive, J. L. Ferguson and James Reynolds, as Assessors. Fragments of their returns, made in June, l.'*39, are still in existence, but the writer found it impossible to compile any interesting or reliable information from them. The County paid §181. 00 for the work, of which Huntington drew $48.00, the largest amount paid, while Robert Aldrich contented himself with $8 00. Lands were no longer classed as of first, second and third quality, but assessed according to actual value. The revenue of the year was collected by John C Dugger, ap. pointed by the court, as the law required. Dugger reported to have collected in taxes $4135.71 ; in merchants' licenses, $175.75 ; in tavern licenses, $31200 ; fines, 41.00, and in jury and docket fees, $118.00— total $4781.86. The County ex- penditures were — County officials, $1214.40 ; roads and bridges, $1464.25; paupers, $982.04; courts, jurors and stationery, 539.50 ; jail, court-house and prisoners, $319.62; .sundries, $2.00, and to Joseph Conway, ex-clerk, $406.63. Wr. Conway had taken an appeal on his case, and received now his •' back" pay, although the court had previously paid him $3). 01 per annum for his official work. E Ivvards- ville was made a road district, because the town trustees had resigned in body and given up the corporate powers and privileges of the old town, and Isaac Prickett was put in charge of affairs as " supervisor." The election of 1839 returned the following County officers, to wit : — David Smith, Commis.sioner ; W. T- Brown. County plerk ;'T?^dward M. West, Treasurer; J. T. Lusk, Recorder >Benaiah Robinson, Surveyor, and Matthew Gillespie, Probate Judge — Recorders, Surveyors and Pro- bate Judge.shad until then been appointed, not elected. The names of the justices of the peace, whose offices were made elective in 1827, elected at the various periods of time, will be found alphabetically arranged at the close of this chapter to the period from 1819 to 1849. FOURTEENTH BOARD, 1839-40. Hiram Arthur, Edmund Fruit, and David Smith, Com- missioners. William Ogle, who had been Treasurer of the County since March, 1837, came forward at the first term of this court, September, 1839. Mr. Ogle was the first Treasurer of Madison County, who kept a treasurer's account book. The book is- still in existence, and is labeled, ''County Treasurer's Record, Vol. 1." The first entry is made on the fly leaf, to wit : 1837. ■) April 5. j To amount received of T. G. Lofton on acct. of estrays, paid in County orders, $71,564. (The above orders were marked paid through mistake, and the County is still bound for them to the Treasurer.) These lines are in the well-known handwriting of William Tyler Brown, who also wrote out the following official report for Mr. Ogle : SEPTEMBER TEEM, A. D., 1839. The undersigned makes a final report of his actings as Treasurer of Madison County, showing the whole amount of moneys paid into the Treasury, as also the total amount paid out. The whole amount paid into the Treasury from different sources from the 31st of March, 1837, to this date is $11,984.94 The total amount paid out during same period of time is $11,621.59 Commissions 2 per cent, on $11,723.79 234.46 11,856.05 Leaving a balance due to the County of $128.89 which is herewith paid into court, and on which a commis- sion is charged. All of which appears from my books and papers this day delivered over to my successors. Wm. Ogle, Treasurer. This report is introduced here, because it is the oldest found on file, and because it is also, in all probability, the first one filed, as no Treasurer's account books had been kept previously. Another reason for introducing it was its HISTORY OF MADISON CO UN I Y, ILLINOIS. 151 laconic style and want of detail. It reminds the writer of an amusing incident in the life of the famous rider — Gen- eral Bltiecher, the deadliest enemy of Napuleon. Bluecher, a splendid and dashing trooper, was a wretched scholar. His king had sent hira once as military governor to Ham- burg. At the end of the year the general reported to the Home Government: '■ I have received so and so many dol- lars in public funds, and have paid out so and so many dol- lars on public accounts, leaving a balance of so and so many cents." The treasury people in Berlin refused to accept this report and returned it for itemizing, demanding vouch- ers besides. Bluecher copied his first report without chang- ing a letter. It came back, of course, and this time with a reprimand. The old warrior grew furious, and when the report went to Berlin a third time, it contained the follow- ing marginal remark : " I have stated facts as they are ; whoever says that they are not correct is a scoundrel, and my name is Bluecher." This ended the controversy. Wdliam Ogle's report would not have passed muster at Berlin, but then we are not living in old fossiled monarchies, ours is a grand Republic. The County finances commenced to attract the attention of men in various parts of the country. Representative George Smith, of Upper Alton, called by letter of Sept. 3, 1839, the attention of the County Court to the 21st section of the revenue law, which section provided that the collec- tor should pay in the Treasury monthly all ta.xes collected by him. The Treasurer's account book of 1839 and subse- quent years up to 1849, prove that the Board acted upon Mr. Smitii's suggestion. In January, 1840, the citizens of Alton refused to pay the County Tax, claiming ihat their city charter exempted them from paying this tax. The court submitted the matter to His Honor Judge Breese, who sustained the Alton claim. John C. Dagger was reappointed collector in March, 1840. The assessors of the county report the total value of all taxable pr.)perty in the county to have been 33,284,.549, and the collector reported that he had failed to make collec- tions on $43.5,940 worth of land, and $.53,810 worth of per- .=onal property, and that $44,5,664 worth of city property was exempt from paying a county t;ix. The county levied a tax of twenty-five cents on all property outside of Alton, and a special tax of fifteen cents on all property in the county. This special tax was intended for raising funds with which to pay the penitentiary orders. In August, 1840, the following ofiicers were elected : Ephraim Harnsberger, county commissioner ; Andrew Mil- ler, sheriff; Joseph Gillespie, Cyrus Edwards, and James Reynolds, members of the house of rej)resentatives, and II C. Caswell, coroner. The a.s.«essor's districts of the previous year were abolished, and Orren Meeker was appointed county assessor for the next year — 1841. The collector's returns for the year 18-10, are ver}' ac- curately made out, and from them we were enabled to make the following correct extracts : The real estate outside of Alton was valued at 8', 299,979, and the personal property owned in the county, outside of Alton, was assessed at $56o,4S7 — total property subject to county tax, $1,86-5,466. The real estate of Alton was valued at $621,010, and the personal property at $1.5.5,724, or $777,334 in the aggregate, value of all taxable property in the county in 1840, $2,(542,880. Mr. Duggcr further re- ported that he failed to collect eight per cent, of the taxes outside of Alton, and seventeen per cent of the taxes in the city limits. 1840 was a United States census year. The population reported in 1830-viz., 6,221, had more than doubled, and Madison ranked now in point of population aa the fourth of the eighty-seven organized counties of Illinois. Morgan county led with a population of 19,1.54 ; Sanga- mon followed, with 14,716; Adams third, with 14,401, and then Madi-son, with 14,433. Cook county, with Chicago in embryo, had then scarcely 10,000 inhabitants. The live stock of Madison county consisted in 7,036 horses, 22,139 neat cattle, 12,608 sheep, and 54,752 hogs. The poultry belonging to tlie 3,000 families residing in the county was valued at $18,667. The farm products of the preceding year were reported as follows: 165,520 bushels of wheat, valued at 62:1 cents per bushel=$103,450 ; 44.080 bushels of barley, rye, and buckwheat, valued at 20 cents per bushel,=$22,920; 209,800 bushels of oats, valued at $41,960; 1,304,335 bushels of corn, valued at 20 cents per bushel, =$260,850; 25,190 pounds of w-ool, valued at 45 cents per pound=$n,335 ; 654 pounds of beeswax at 25 cents per pound=$161.00; 121,305 bushels of potatoes at 25 cents per bushel =$30,325,00; 6,542 tons of hay, at $8.00 per ton, =$52,330 ; 25 tons of flax or hemp, at SlOO per ton =$2,500 ; 11,280 pounds of tobacco, at 6 cents per pound=$670 00 ; 35,810 cords of wood, sold at $2 00 per cord=$71,620. Value of butter sold, $38,177; value of fruits grown in orchards, $40,775 ; value of domestic goods, $33,460; value of garden and nursery products, $50,520. The value of farming products, including live-stock, sold in 1839, amounted to $2,309,151.80, or nearly 100 per cap- ita. In this Madi.son led all other counties ; Morgan county followed with $1,552, 310.20, Sangamon with 1,519,948.90, St. Clair with $1,340,130.40; Gallatin with 1.216,329.74; Fulton with $l,lf8,677..50 ; Adams with $1,073,629.00, and Vermillion with $1,062,000.26. The total value of all farm products sold in the state during said year was $40,. 738,085.70, over one-fourth of which amount was made up by the above eight counties. The average value of livestock was — horses and mules $45.00, cattle $15 00, sheep $2.00, swine $3.00. The census reports 71 stores in the county with $464,575 invested — $6500 per store. 986 wagons and carriages had been manufactured during the year in the county, and their average value seems to have been about $32.00. The flour turned out by the mills was valued at $406,350. 296 dwelling-houses had been built during the year at an ex- pense of $287 975. There were two tanneries in the county that turned out 1650 sides of leather, harnesses and saddles made in the county in 1839 were valued at $23,- 275 ; 3 distilleries turned 28.300 gallons of whiskey ; the products of lime kilns and brick yards were estimated to have been worth $17,200, and sundries, skins, etc., had brought $44 332. 15: HISTORY OF 21 AD I SON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. All the wine made in the state, to wit : 471 gallons, was j niauufaetureil in ^ladison county. The census does not state in what part of the county vines were grown, nor what the stuff was worth per gallon. The writer has however, every reason to believe, that the quality was even inferior to the quantity. Butchering and packing was carried on to a considera- : ble extent, in the entire state, to wit : Of the money used in that business §741.725 — §421.1)75 was invested in Alton alone, where over 5333 bjjves a:id nearly 53.033 hogs had been slaughtered during the preceding year. FIFTEENTH BO.VRD — 1840-1841 Hiram Arthur, David Smith, and Ephraim Harnsberger commissioners. Very little public business was transacted by this board ; the 51 road-districts of the county were reviewed, named according to the fancy of the court, but there is ijoth'ng remarkable about those names. The friends of Old Hick- ory bad one district named " Hermitage " with J. G. Smith as supervisor and Benaiab Gullick presided over " Egypt. " The " Madison county ferry company " represented by William Gillham, applied for and oljtained license to estab- lish a ferry at Venice and to north St- Louis. This com- pany has grown into a powerful and wealthy corporation. Another corporation, the Alton and Mt. Carmel railroad company commenced operations, but failed to come up to the great and wild expectations of the people. The schemes of internal improvements at the expenses of the state, resulted disastrously. Some 1300 miles of railroads were to be built throughout the state, besides other im- provements, canals, &c-, and the carnival lasted as long as the state could borrow money. The state debt thus cre- ated amounted to about fifteen million of dollars. Instead of developing the grand resources of the state, as asserted on all the high- ways and by-ways, in all cities, towns and villages, a new financial misery was brought about by the planless and senseless measures of — let us say — enthusiasts The people of Madison county sufiered with the population of other counties, but they had no reason to complain, in as much as her leading men were as much carried away as others. It is not the province of the chronicler of a county sketch to branch off on this subject, and he returns to the county afl^airs. SIXTEENTH BOARD. 1841-1S42. David Smith, Ephraim Harnsbegcr and Samuel Squire, commissioners. This board introduced a financial scheme of doubtful propriety by ordering the issuing of county orders, ■which were to be used as money by various supervisors of roads in payment of improvements to be made. County orders siiould only be used in payment of commodities fur- nished to the county or of labor performed for the county, and upon vouchers properly and legally audited and al- lowed. The system introduced by the above board created a county debt, which it took years to cancel, as will be shown hereafter. It was, as the " enthusiasts on greenbacks" of abater day called it, " fiat money, "and looked i^o harmless and innocent in the beginning, but, as the appetite grew — and appetite will grow while good things appear before the eater — greater amounts had to be issued, until finally the orders lost their charm, and the purchasing power of this fiat dollar was reduced to but a fraction of the genuine dollar. The fractional dollars had to be paid by the tax- payers of the county in full and genuine dollars. John C Dagger was succeeded in the office of county collector by John Cooper, appointed in 1842, and Isaac Cox took Orren Meeker's place as county assessor in the same year. The Madison county Ferry Company was relicensed in 1842, and its tax was raised from 810 to $50 per annum, from which fact the reader may judge with what success the enterprise was crowned. The election of August, 1842, returned George Smith to the state senate, together with James A James, selected by the voters of Madison, St. Clair and Monroe counties. Robert Aldrich, John Bailhache and Curtis Blakeman be- came members of the house of representatives, Andrew Miller, sheriff (was re-elected), H S. Surumers was made coroner, and James Webb took the place of David Smith in the board of county commissioners. SEVENTEENTH BOAED. 1812-43. Ephraim Harnsberger, Samuel Squire and James Webb, commissioners. This board organized a new precinct to be called " Looking-Glass," now St. Jacob, with the poll at W. H. Uzzel's, and with John Lindley, Stephen Hart and J. G. Anderson as the first judges of election. August, 184:5, election of county officers: James G. Anderson, csunty commissioner; George W. Prickett, pro- bate judge; AV. T. Brown, county clerk; H. K. Eaton, county collector ; Daniel A. Lanterman, school commissioner, J. T. Lusk, county recorder ; E. M. West, county treasurer. EIGHTEENTH BOARD. 1843-44. Samuel Squire, James Webb and J. G. Anderson, county commissioners. The county orders, the "fiat money" of 1841, had by this time depreciated, and orders were freely offered at from 25 to 35 per cent, discount, and the court, not being advised as to the amount of such orders afloat, ordered to fund them in amounts of §100, or its multiple, to bear 12 per cent, annual interest and to be paid after three years. Yes, "after!" The last of these orders was pre- sented twenty-eight years later, in 1871, and the holder, the late H. K. Eaton, of this county, consented to take a 10 per cent, interest bearing bond in lieu of his 12 per cent, paper. The bond issued to Mr. Eaton, was, with others converted into G per cent, interest bonds iu 1877, and forms to this day a part of the indebtedness of Madison county. " Fiat" money is truly a grand institution. The 8100 of fiat money, which in 1843, had paid for about -870 worth of labor, has cost the county the following amounts in interest: 12 per cent, from 1848 to 1871, $336; 10 per cent from 1871 to 1877, 860, and per cent, from 1877 to 1882, 830, aggre- gating §424 in interest, $100 to be paid yet, swelling the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. lo3 original $100, which was in fact worth only $70, to $524. The process of" funding " commenced on the 14th of March, 1843, and continued to June, 1855, during which time 626,- 900 of fiat money were converted into interest bearing bonds to be redeemed in specie. This was the result of the short, quiet, harmless, innocent order made September Gth,1841 — Ordered that S300 in county orders, of §5 each, payable to bearer, be issued and placed in the hands of and , supervisors, to be used as money in payment for making a road through Wet prairie. The spirit of internal improve- ments had seized upon the people of the county to such a degree, that the court was beset from the first to the last day of its term with petitions to lay out new roads, etc., etc. The county surveyor, old Benaiah Robinson, grew weary of the work, the more so, as he had formed an idea, that many of those petitions were only presented to have certain men draw pay as viewers. He drew up the following amusing document, found among the vouchers of 1842, to wit : "A little parley with the Cour^.— Should the court think it most prudent to put a stop to the road petitions and their consequent views, reports, etc , let the following method be adopted, which will insure success with less censure than any other, as the law appears in part to favor the plan : Let it be once determined that 75 cents a day in county orders, is all that will be given to chainmen and other necessarj' bauds, out of which they must pay their own fare ; and that the viewers shall have but $1.00 per day, whether they chain or not, out of which they must pay their way, or that the surveyor shall pay the whole bill of fare, where- ever he may have to direct the hands for lodging or victual- ing. Either of these rules, it is believed, will greatly retard or put a stop to the present process of road manufacturing. And it will cause less complaint against the court than any other method that can be put in practice. Unfavorable reports will not reach the case, new petitions will spring up like the fabled Hydra, changing, perhajw a little, routes formerly acted on, or new viewers will be asked for, whose opinions are known in advance, for the petitioners claim as great a share of wisdom as generally falls to the lot of viewers, and frequently they have the audacity to believe that they know as well where a good wagon road could be made as your humble surve3'or." The valuation of taxable prDperty in the county was stated to be S2, 364,197, exclusive of Alton; a tax of 30 cents per 100 should have brought $7,092.60, but delin- quencies now amounted to over twelve per cent, and the net tax was only $5,939.36. The necessity of securing an asylum for the helpless pau- pers in the county, had becon^e apparent, and Judge G. \V. Prickett, volunteered to negotiate for James Ruggles' house as a temporary abode for the unfortunates. The house was to be furnished and put in readiness during January, 1844, and James Ruggles was appointed superintendent with a yearly salary of $250.00. Admittance of a free negro. — Patsey, alias Martha Tyler, a woman of color, formerly the slave of Samuel Miller of the Parish of Tensas, Louisana, planter, and by him manumitted, brought evidence of her freedom, had those papers recorded 20 and gave bond as the law required, whereupon she was per- miitcd to reside in Madison county. 1844 — AUGUST election: George Barnsback, George Churchill and N. D. Strong, members of the house of representatives ; Andrew Miller, sheriff and ex-officio collector of revenue, and Samuel Squire couuty commissioner, (his 2d term). XINETEEXTH BOARD 1844-45. James Webb, J. G. Anderson and Samuel Squire, county commi.ssioners. This court became the recipient of a handsome donation made by Hon. George Barnsback, member of the house of representatives, accompanied by the following letter : " Herewith I present you with the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars in auditor's warrants which I wish you to appropriate towards the relief of the poor of your county, in such a manner as you may deem the most proper. Your most obedient servant, George Bar>sback," Edwardsville, March 4, 1845. The court acknowledged the receipt by the following : 1845, ]\Iarch Term — Ordered that the thanks of the court be tendered to the Hon. George Barnsback, representative from this county in the legislature of Illinois for his muni- ficent donation of $150.00 in auditor's warrants to the county of Madison, to be applied to the relief of the poor of said county, and that funds be appropriated as directed by the donor, in his communication to this court, upon the subject, which is ordered to be filed and preserved among the records of the county. '^ E. M. West, having been appointed school commissioner in place of Daniel A. Lanterman, resigned, surrendered his ofiice as treasurer, to the board, whereupon Matthew Gillespie was appointed treasurer, March, 1845. The county revenue for 1844, amounted to $6,583.93, and the expenditures to $7,627.'J8. Irwin B. Randle was elected county commissioner in place of James Webb, whose term had expired. TWENTIETH BOARD 1845-40. J. G. Anderson, Samuel Squire and I. B. Randle, com- missioners. December term, 1845. — The court appointed two of its members, J. G. Anderson and Samuel Squire and the sur- veyor B. Robinson a committee to adopt a plan of building a tew jail and to contract for the same. The support of the paupers in the poor house cost the county $800 in 1845, and complaint was made, that the pauper expenditures throughout the county were still very considerable. In 1846 the order in reference to contracting for a new jail is rescinded and another substituted to devise apian for en- larging the old jail. This plan is abandoned again, and in May, 1840, the coimty agents above mentioned contracted with Samuel Smith and Thomas McNeil for the building of a new jail. This indecision of the court was brought about ir)4 niSTOEY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. by the usual clamor against public expenditures. The con- | tract called for a brick building, thirty-eight by twenty- eight feet, outside measure, with stone foundation four feet below and one foot above the surface, and to be four feet thick. The walls of the first story to be double, thirteen inches thick, and one foot apart, in which space are to be inserted perpendicularly timbers twelve inches s(iuare and of the length of the story. The rest of the contract is in keeping with the introdudory lines, and it would appear im- possible for inmates of one of the cells to break through. The contract price was $2,900, to be paid in county orders. The contractors gave bond, with E M. West, H. K. Eaton, J. T. Lusk, Matthew Gillespie and W. T. Brown sureties for faithful performance of work as called for in contract. The building is this day standing on the old court-house grounds and serves as a city prison building. 1846, AUGUST ELECTION. Joseph Gillespie, State Senator ; Curtis Blakeman, W. F. DeWolf and "William Martin, representatives, Andrew Miller, sheriff; T. Weed, coroner ; W. B. Reynolds, county commissioner, and H. K. Eaton, probate judge in place of Hon. G. W. Prickett, who had gone to fight the battlts of the United States on the fields of Mexico. TWEXTY-FIRST BOARD — 1846-1847. Samuel Squire, I. B. Randle and W. B. Reynolds, coun- ty commissioners. The building of the new jail was now in progress. W. T. Brown, H.K. Eaton and John H. Weir, who had been appointed a committee to superintend the building of said jail, reported January 8, 1847, as follows : " That uuc'er the discretion allowed them they have made several alterations and changes from the original plan upon which said jail was to have been constructed. These changes were made by the committee after consultation among them- selves, and are such as were deemed to be expedient and proper, and such as are believed to be an improvement upon the original plan for the construction of the jail ; all changes that had been made are without any additional charge to the county on the original contract except as to two items, one substituting a stone wall instead of a brick wall in the foundation which has already been examined into and acted upon by the court, and the other in causing the jail to be built eighteen inches higher than the contract required; this change was made necessary on account of particularly sized windows being required for the upper story, which could not be placed therein without leaving the same too near the floor or too near the eaves. For this additional work on the j)art of the contractors no price was agreed upon with the contractors, but the same was made with the express under- standing, that the contractors should receive a reasonable price therefore, to be agreed upon between the contractors and this court. Most of the changes have been in the opinion of the committee, favorable to the contractors, still tiiey were made with the understanding that the contractors were to have the same pay as though the jail had been built according to the original contract and plan. The committee have not thought proper to name in this report all and every change that has been made for the reason that it would ex- tend the report to a very great length, and would not ex- plain to the court so satisfactorily the changes as a personal inspection of the building by the court, and a comparison thereof with the original plan now in the hands of the clerk. The committee further report that the work required by said contract of Messrs. Smith and McNeil has been com- pleted by them according to the original plan and the changes that have been made, with this exception, that the floors of the cells and of the lower hall have not yet been laid, but the plank is now in the jail for the purpose, and it is supposed by the committee that the sum of fifteen dollars would be amply suflScient to have the same laid, when the plank be- comes seasoned, for which purpose the laying thereof has been postponed. Should the court receive the job at the present term or before the floors are laid, the committee would suggest the propriety of taking the obligation of the contractors to have it properly laid when it shall be deemed that the plank is snfliciently seasoned. The committee farther report, that they caused the con- tractors to put iron grates in the transom windows over the two doors below, and for which they will be entitled to a reasonable and fair extra price as these grates were omitted to be put in the original contracts. The jail was soon after '' received " and the contractors were paid an extra compen- sation of S440.00." The friends of temperance at Upper Alton, prevailed on the court to make the following order : All applicants for license to sell ardent spirits must first produce a petition signed by a majority of the rendenia of the respective justice's district, where such a grocery is to be opened. This order was soon after so modified that in case a majority of the voters of any justice's district should file a remonstrance against granting licenses, then no such license should be granted. The members of the court were leaning a little towards the keepers of dram shops and tipplers by putting all the labor of getting the signatures of the people on the other side. The citizens of Upper Alton, 220 in number, however, filed their solemn protest against granting liquor license in their town. Election of 1847, John A. Prickett, recorder; Henry K. Eaton, probate judge ; E. M. West, school commissioner; Matthew Gillespie, treasurer and assessor, and James G. Anderson, county commissioner. The state convention called by act of lej^islature for the purpo e of framing a new constitution, convened at Spring- field, June 7, 1847; Madison county was represented by ''E. M. West, Cyrus Edwards, Benaiah Robinson and George T. Brown. The labors of the delegates were completed by the 81st of August, 1847, and the proposed constitution was ra- tified, by the people at the special election of March 6, 1 848. Section 40 of article III of said constitution divided the state into 25 senatorial, and 54 representative districts. Madison and Clinton counties formed the Gth senatorial ; and Madison alone the 20th representative district, which district was entitled to two representatives. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 155 TWENTY-SECOND BOARD 1847-48. I. B. Randle, W. B. Reynolds and J. G. Anderson, county commissioners. J. G. Anderson died soon after his election ; he had attended but one term of the court.* At the October Special term of the board, the following entry was made on the county records : " Whereas J. G. Anderson, Esq., one of the members of this court has since the last adjournment thereof (Sept. 11, 1847) departed this life. Therefore iu token of respect and regard for our deceased colleague and associate. Resolved, that while we bow with humble submissicm to the will of Heaven in the removal of our colleague from our midst; we deeply regret his untimely end ; that iu the death of James G. Anderson the county of Madison has lost an able, im- partial and enegetic officer, and the community a valuable and worthy citizen ; that we deeply sympathize with the family and friends of the deceased in their bereavement ; that the clerk of this court forward to the family of the deceased a copy of these resolutions and also cause them to be pub- lished iu the newspapers of the county." The first official report in reference to the working of the poor-house was made in March, 1847, as follows : "By request of the Hon. County Commissioners, I hereby submit the following statistics of the Madison county poor- house, in Edwardsville, from each establishment, January 1, 1844, to the present time, a period of 3 years and 2 mouths. There have been admitted into said house, and re- ceived medical treatment, since its establishment, 23 of in- termittent and 17 of bilious fever, 15 of chills and fever, 13 of primary or secondary syphilis, 8 of pneumonia, 6 of conges- tive fever, 6 of typhus fever, 4 of fever sores, 4 of diarrha>a (the Dr. wrote diarea\ 4 of dropsy, 4 of paralysis, 4 of rheu- matism, 3 of neuralgia, 3 of dyspepsia, 3 of scrofula, 2 of con- vulsions, 2 of ophthalmia, 2 of hypochondria, 1 of nasal hem- orrhage, 1 of powder burn and 1 of cancer of the stomach ; in all 12C. Of these, 83 were males and 43 females, 72 were Americans,! 19 GermEm, 14Irish, 12 English, 4 Norwegians^ 3 Africans, 1 Swiss and 1 Italian. 15 were under ten years of age, 24 between the ages of ten and twenty year.s, 26 over twenty and under thirty, 19 over thirty and under forty, .25 over forty and under fifty, 12 over fifty and under sixty, and 5 over sixty years of age. Of the above, 15 have died ; 2 of pneumonia, 2 of congestive fever, 2 of dropsy, 2 of diarrhrea^ 2 of intermittent fever, 1 of syphilis, 1 of scrofula, 1 of cancer of the stomach, 1 of convulsion and 1 of paralysis. 104 have been discharged and 7 are at present under medi- cal treatment in the house. Most of those who died were received into the house in the last stage of their disease, * James Squire wis elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. G. Anderson, November, 1847. t In 1844 and lS4.i, in consequence of the inundation of the Ameri- can bottom, several families were compelled to re.sort to the poor house, which very much increased the American paupers. Since January ] , 1846, there have been received into the poor house 22 foreigners and 17 American.s, which is about the usual average. J. il. w. some living only one or two days after their arrival, and little or no medical relief could be given them. During the last year— March, 1846 to March, 1847 — forty-three different persons have found refuge in the poor house, some for a longer and some a shorter period, staying in all 249o days. The year average is therefore about 7. As far as I can ascertain, at least one-half of the whole num- ber received into the poor house have been brought to th ir dependence directly or indirectly by intoxicating drinks. There have been some complaints' in reference to the diet in the poor house, and here I deem it due to the superinten- dent to say that I have found it very difficult to restrain patients in a convalescent state from over eating, and thereby causing relapses. Many are not satisfied if they are not per- mitted to indulge freely in any article of food they desire. A bill of diet was made out two years ago, under the direc- tion of the county commissioners and since sanctioned by the new commissioneri and to which the superintendent has strictly adhered, unless restricted by myself to patients un- der medical treatment, and as individuals are not permitted to remain at the house after they have recovered their health, there is, of course, but a short time that any one can be in- dulged in the free use of food with impuuitv, and I am con- fident this is the whole ground of complaint, and this too, for the ' best good ' of the inmates. John H. Weir, Aon county were duly iuipanneled as grand jurors, to wit: Emanuel J. West, foreman, Lyman Gillet Ephraira Wood, Matthew B. Torrence, William Hinch, John Gonter- niau, Julius Barusback, John Good, Caleb Gonterman,Gay Paddock, Jacob Judy, John T. Lusk, Low Jackson, James Watts, Oliver Balster, James Tunnel, Erastus Brown and John C. Barnett. The grand jury heard the testimony of William (^gle, James Dabs, Susannah Bradley, Amos Bradley, Fully Jirad- ley, George Debaum, Abel Moore and wife, and returned the following bill oi indictment on the same day, to wit: State of Illinois, Madison county. At a special term of the circuit court begun and held for the county of Madison aforesaid, in the Court House in the town of Edwardsville in said county, on the 13th day of January, 1824, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty- four. The Grand jurors of the people of the state of Illinois, residents and good and lawful men of the county of Madison aforesaid, impauneled, sworn and charged to inquire for the body of the county of Madison aforesaid in the name and by the authority of the people of the state of Illinois, upon their oath present that one Eliphalet Green, late of said county of Madison, yeoman, not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the Devil, on the twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three, in the county of Madison aforesaid, with force and arms felonously, wilfully and of his malice afore- thought did niake an assault upon the body of one William Wright, in the peace of God then and there being, and the said Eliphalet Green, a certain gun of the value of twenty dollars, then and there charged with gunpowder and one leaden bullet, which gun so loaded and charged a^ aforesaid he the said Eliphalet Green in both his hands then and there had and held to, against and njwn the said William Wright, then and there, felonously, wilfully and of his malice afore- thought did shoot and discharge and the said Eliphalet Green with the leaden bullet aforesaid, out of the gun afore- said, then and there by force of the gunpowder shot, dis charged and sent forth as aforesaid, the aforesaid William Wright in and upon the right side of him the said William Wright, near the right pap of the right side of him the said William Wright, then and there with the leaden bullet aforesaid out of the gun aforesaid, by the said Eliphalet Green so as aforoi-aid shot, discharged and sent forth, felon- ously, wilfully and of his malice aforethought, did strike, penetrate and wound, giving to the said William Wright, \\\i\\ the leaden bullet afortsaid so as aforcaid shot, dis- charged, and sent forth out of the gun aforesaid b)' the said Eliphalet Green in and upon the right side of him the said William Wright near the right pip of him the said William Wright one mortal wound, of the depth of four inches and of the breadth of two inches, of which said mortal wound the said William Wright then and there instantly died, and so the jurors aforesaid upon their oath aforesaid do say, that thesaid Eliphalet Green felonously, wilfully and of his mal- ice aforethought, him the said William Wright, then and there in manner and form aforesaid did kill and murder, to the great displeaiwe of Almiijlitj God, to the evil example of all others in like cases ofiending, contrary to the form of the statute in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the same people of the state of Illinois. James Turner, Attorney. The trial ended on the 14th day of February, 1S24, and resulted in the following verdict: We the jury hud the prisoner guilty of murder. James Mason, Foreman. This verdict is written in lead pencil on the indictment and has no date. The following is the sentence pronounced by the court. It is copied from a paper on lile in the handwriting of Judge Reynolds : Wednesday, January 15, 1824. The court met according to adjournment, present : John Reynolds, judge. The Peoples ^ plaintiff. vs. y Indictment for murder. Eliphalet Green, j defendant. The said dcfendaut, Eliphalet Green, who stands con- victed of murder, was led again to the bar in cus- tody of the sheriff, and it being demanded of him if any thing for himself he had or knew to say why the court here to judgment and execution against him and upon the premises should not proceed, he said he had nothing but what he had before said. Therefore it is considered by the court that he be hanged by the neck until he be dead, dead, dead ! and that the sheriff of J\Ij,disou county to cause ex- teution of this judgment to be done and performed on him, the said Eliphalet Green, on Thursday, the 12th February, 1824, between the hours of ten o'clock in the morning and three in the evening at some " convenient " place near the town of Eiwardsville, and it is furthered ordered that the said defendant pay the cost of this prosecution. The manuscript of J udge Reynolds shows plainly the agita- tion of his mind in passing sentence, it contains many cor- rections and changes of words, at a " convenient " place near the town of Edwardsville are interlined and undoubtedly written at a later day or hour, the ink used being of a dif- ferent hue. The agitation of the judge was observed by bystanders and may, together with the " convenient place '' and may have been he cause of the following version of the afliiir, as re- peated by J. T. Hair, in iladison county Gazetteer, Alton 1866. It is stated that the judge in jaassing sentence of death upon the pri.soner made use of language something like the following : Well j\Ir. Grccu the jury in their verdict found 160 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. you to be guilty of murder, and the law says you are to be bangtd. Now I want you and your friends down on Wood river to understand that it is not f, that condemns you, but the jury and the law. Now I wish to allow you all the time you want to prepare, so the court wants to knowu at what time you would prefer to be hanged, etc The story is continu- ed exteisively. Green replied that any time would suit him. Then the Judge wants to know if four weeks from this day is on a Sunday and the like. Next follows a colloquy between Judge Reynolds and the attorney general about the pro- priety of endeavoring to impress upon the conscience of the culprit a sense of his guilt and to lead his thoughts to a seri- ous preparation for death, to which suggestions the judge is said to have replied as follows : Oh, it is no use Mr. Turner, Mr. Green understands the whole matter as well as if I had talked to him for a week. He knows he is to be hanged this day four weeks. You understand it in that way, Mr. Green, don't you? " The death warrant of Eliphalet Green was issued on the 11th of February, 1824, signed and sealed by Joseph Con- ■way, clerk of the circuit court of Madison county. On the reverse side of this warrant we found the follow- ing brief endorsement : "Executed on the 12th of February, 1824, at half past two of the clock, a. m. N. BucKMASTER, Sheriff. The "convenient" place selected by the sheriff was in the creek bottom, near the bridge, on the Springfield road. Spectators had come from a distance, and it is related that a number of Indians had assembled to see how civilized people killed their fellow men. Greeu died like a man, sincerely repenting his wicked deeds. The opinion of the public was divided in reference to his crime and its penalty. Some of ihe leading men had their sympithies aroused for the poor fellow. He was buried near the place of execu- tion. It is stated that Paris INIasou guarded the grave against body snatchers, and caused the corpse to be taken up and re-interred iu his (Mason's) own graveyard. The sheriff, about as much agitated at the execution as the judge had been at passing sentence of death, certified as seen above, that he had hung Green at two o'clock in the morning. The story would not be complete if left without the bill of costs. The writer found it among the vouchers of the year 1824. It reads as follows : Itladison County, to X. Buckmaster, Sheriff. 1824, March Term. Ca.sli to Watts for making gallows antl coffin for E. Green, . ?2.5 .50 Paid cash to Wliite for a hook to hang hhn on 2 00 Cash to Pari.'! ilason for a rope, 1 60 Cash for a small rope at Pogue's, 50 Cash for digging grave and filling it, to Jarrot and Koberts, . 3 50 Ca.sli for shroud and cap 4 18 Cash paid to Jarrot fur driving wagon with coffin to place of execution, 50 Cash to Meeker fo'r nails to make the gallows, 1 40 All specie, ?30 1'8] Illinois State paper now being worth 30 cts. per dollar, this amount of §39.08:;, in specie, is equal to §130.30 in State paper. K. B., Sheriff. 1824, March Term. Hon. John Reynolds on the Bench. Augustus Laugworthy, foreman of the grand jury. The case of William Parkinson, indicted for forgery, was found guilty of the intent to defraud John Herrin to the amount of §80.00. Parkinson took an appeal to the su- preme court and gave bail in the sum of $6,000.00, with Washington Parkinson and William Lee as sureties. Wil- liam Parkinson, who had brought a damage suit against Herrin for assault and battery, obtained a judgment for $93.00 against Herrin. The celebrated suit of Madison county versus Edward Coles was commenced at this term of court. This suit had its origin in personal hatred and malice. We have shown on a preceding page, that W. L. May had by a well writ- ten representation of facts in the case, succeede 1 in making the county commissioners believe it to be their duty to prose- cute Governor Coles for manumitting his slaves, ten in num- ber. Gov. Coles spoke of this suit in a private letter to Robert Vaux, PhiLdelphia, in January 1824, in the follow- ing manner : " For having been instrumental in eflTecdng the defeat of the pro-slavery convention plans, and also for having acted up to my principles iu restoring liberty to certain slaves given to me by my father, it would seem I am never to be forgiven, but to be subject to an unrelenting and cruel persecution, which aims to destroy not only my political influence, but my personal character and property. After having resorted to various means to injure my standing with the people an eflbrt is now made to cripple my pecuniary resources and thus to disable me from promoting the cause of freedom and of punishing me for what I have done in this way. A suit has recently been instituted against me to recover the penal sum of §200, for each negro emancipated and brought by me to this state. This suit has been brought under a law passed about the 1st of April, 1819, which pro- hibited any person from bringing into this state any negro for the purpose of emancipation, unless he would give bond under a penalty of §1,000, that the negro should not become a county charge, and that if the emancipator neglected to give this bond he should forfeit the sum of $200, for each negro emancipated. My negroes emigrated to and settled in this state about one month after the passage of this act, but more than five months before it was printed or promul- gated. To the peculiar hardship of my case, from the im- possibility of knowing of the existence of the law, until after I had violated its provisions and incurred its penalty, is to be added the fact of my not being content with freeing the negroes in Virginia, and thus relinquishing more than one-third of the property given me by my father, but from a desire to promote their interest, removed them to this state at an expense of between five and six hundred dollars, and then gave them as a remuneration for their past services and a stimulus to future exertion, one hundred and sixty acres of land to each one who hud passed the age of 24. They all behaved uniformly well, and are honest, industrious and prosperous. And what is truly farcical in this suit is. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. IGl that it has been instituted at the instance of a worthless fel- low,* the tool of a faction, who is destitute of property f and paj's no tax, and of course has no direct interest whether the negroes become a count}' charge or not. Never having been sued before I feel the more mortified at being perse- cuted for violating the laws of a state over which the people have called me to preside." Another passage in this letter is so beautifully character- istic of this noble and generous citizen of Madison county, that the writer of this sketch feels it his duty to copy it also : " Having had the good fortune, through everj- period of my life, to live in great harmony with my fellow-men, the enmity and persecution I have lately had to encounter have created a new state of feeling and cause me to look into my own conduct to see vvhether it has been correct. In this view I have been gratified to find that I have not given just cause of offense to any one ; but I have been grieved to per- ceive with what virulence I have been pelted, when the only complaint against me is, that I am a friend to the equal rights of man and am considered a barrier to my opponents acquiring the power of oppressing their fellow-men. Under this view of my situation, I am gratified that Providence lias placed me in the vau of this great contest, and I am truly thankful that my system is so organized as to leave no room for doubt, fear or hesitation. My opinions have long since been naturally formed, and my cours^e deliberately taken, and is not now to be changed by destraction, prose- cutions or threats of •convention or death.' " They were sterling words. Honor to the man who uttered them. No wonder that the greatest American of the age, Thomas Jefferson, had honored Edward Coles with his friendship, love and confidence, and that James Madison entrusted a highly responsible ini.ssion to St. Petersburg to him. But to return to the suit : The case came up for trial during this (March 1824) term of court, but went over to the September term. At this term John Reynolds pre- sided again. The plea of the Statute of Limitations and several special pleas put in by defendant to the declaration of the plaintiff had been demurred to and the demurrer had been sustained by court. The defendant now pleaded idl debit (he does not owe anything). Issue was joined and the case submitted to the jury, Oliver Foster, Daniel Brown, William B. Penny, William Head, Daniel Wise, Thomas Bates, Philip Penn, Alfred Allen, Julius L. Barnsback, John Howard, Curtis Blakeman and Paris Mason, who re- turned a verdict against defendant for two thou.saud dollars. From a bill of exceptions taken during the trial and spread upon the records of the court, it appears that the defen- dant offered to give in evidence and jirove to the jury that three of the negroes mentioned in the declaration of * This fellow ''was W. L. May, subsequently member of Congress for the Springtield District." t May was one of the early merchants in Eilwardsvilk', but had probably become poor. A. W. L. May was indictetl for burglary in Edwardsville, September term, 1823. It is impossible to a.scertain if this May and ihe one who cause! this suit to be instituted are identi- cal. •li the plaintiff had departed this life before the commencement of the suit, but the court would not permit the testimony to be given, thus practically deciding that it was necessary to give a bond to hold the county harmless from the support of '■ dead negroes." The defendant then offered to prove by, Joseph Conway, the clerk of the County Commissioners Court, that the defendant had never been notified or re- quired to give bond, but the court would not permit such evidence to be given. The defendant farther offered to prove by Daniel T. Cook, the attorney uuder whose advice he acted, the conversation he had with him before the date of certificate of manumission, and that Cook advised him to give such certificates in order to protect the negroes ; and also to prove by said Cook all the circumstances and con- versation between said witness and defendant, all of which evidence was rejected, the record to state that the plaintiff gave in evidence the following certificate: " Whereas, my father, the late John Coles, of Albemarle, in the state of Virginia, did in his last will and testament give and bequeath to me certain negro slaves, among others Kobert Crawford and his sister Polly Crawford, the said Robert being a mulatto man, aboyt5feet seven inches high, and now about twenty-seven years of age ; and the said Pol- ly being a mulatto woman about five feet one inch high, and now about sixteen or seventeen years of age. And whereas, I do not believe that man can have a right of property in his fellow-man, but on the contrary, that all mankind are endowed by nature with equal rights, I do, therefore, by these presents, restore to the said Robert and his sister Pol- ly, that inalienable liberty of which they have been de- prived ; and I do hereby renounce for myself and my heirs forever, all claim of every description whatever to them and their services, and I do hereby emancipate and make free the said Robert Crawford and his sister Polly Crawford. In testimony whereof, the said Coles set his hand and seal, ou the 10th day of July, 1819." The motion for a new trial, which had been made in the case at the September term, 1824, was not decided at that term, and the case went over to the March term, 1825. At this terraofthecourt Judge Samuel McRoberts presided, who overruled the motion for a new trial at once. Between Sep- tember 1824 and March 1825, the legislature passed an act releasing all penalties incurred under the act of 1819 (in- cluding those sued for) upon which Coles was prosecuted. The law required a condition jirecedentto the release of the penalties, the execution of a bond that the negroes should not become a charge upon any county in the state, and that all the costs of the suit and damages incurred should be paid. To enable the defendant to take advantage of this act at the June term, it was moved at the same time to set aside the verdict and judgment to enable him to plead puii- ne darrein continuance. McRoberts proved equal to this last phase of the case ; he overruled the motion for a new trial and rejected the plea, holding that the legislature could not make a law to bar the recovery of the penalty in this case. The judge, however, was not able to prevent the defendant from taking an appeal to the Supreme Court of the state. This appeal was taken at the June term of the 162 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. court at Vandalia, 1826. The Judgment of the Circuit Court was reversed \ik1 the cause remanded with instruc- tions to receive the defendant's plea. The case was argued before the Supreme Court by Henry Starr for Coles aud Turner and Keynolds for the county of Madison. The case was finally disposed of in July term 1?27, as will be seen from the following extract of the records : The county commissioners of Madison county vs. Edward Coles. On motion it is ordered that the judgement of the Supreme Court rendered in this cause be spread on the re- cord of this court, which is in the following words, to wit : " At this day came again the parties aforesaid by their at- torneys aforesaid, and the court having diligently examined and inspected as well the records and proceedings aforesaid as the judgement given upon the same and being now suffi- ciently advised of and concerning the premises. For that it appears to the court, that in the records and proceedings aforesaid and also in the rendition of the judgement afore- said, there is manifest error. It is considered by the court that for that error and others in the records aud proceed- ings aforesaid, that the judgement aforesaid be reversed, an- nulled and entirely for nothing esteemed, and that the aforesaid plaintift' be restored to all things which he may have lost by reason of the judgement aforesaid. It is further considered that the proceeding be remanded with directions to the Circuit Court to receive the defendant's plea upon his paying costs, etc. September term 1824. This term was held immediately after the most exciting election on the convention question, and the reader need not be surprised that 42 cases of assault and battery were put on the docket. There were 3 cases of kidnapping disposed of by heavy fines, to wit : S600 and various and diverse " lashes well laid on, " ordered and decreed. March term 1825 — Samuel McRoberts, judge, Emanuel J. West, clerk by appointment of the judge, who was not at all friendly disfiosed to Joseph Conway, former clerk — now superseded. Palemou H. Winchester, a prominent member of the bar, •was indicted at this term for murder, the second case of that crime in Madison county. Winchester had slain a certain Daniel D. Smith for pasquilling Mrs. Col. S :e- phenson, mother-in-law of Winchester. Smith was the great caricaturist, the Nast or Kepler, of the times, and his cartoons, pen or pencil sketches only had quite a renown. In this case his caricature had become a pasquil, by insin- uating criminal intimacy between the virtuous and excel- lent lady mentioned above and Governor Edwards. The case was tried at a subsequent term. The pro.secution was conducted by Benjamin Mills and Alfred Cowles, the defense by Henry Starr of Edwardsville and the famous Felix Grundy of Nashville, Tennessee, formerlj' chief justice of Kentucky, and later, 1829, senator of the United States. Winchester was acquitted amidst the rejoicing of his fel- low citizens, men and women alike. Mrs. Stephenson must have been an exemplary lady, for it is not often that a son-in-law will take up the cudgel in defense of a mother-in-law, or even risk his life to avenge her, as Winchester did. All honor to Winchester. AVin- chester subsequently removed to Carlinville, Macoupin county, where he became the first attorney. William Cornelius was indicted and tried for horse steal- ing, the first case on record — March terra 182.5, and was — acquitted, nevertheless he received his 20 lashes well laid on for some other and minor offense. An uninteresting divorce case — Barbara Burton vs. Wm. Burton — on account of desertion was tried before Judge McRoberts in August 1825, at which term the judge is ac- cused of having persuaded the grand jury to indict Gov. Edward Coles for "libel." The hatred of McRoberts against Coles was so intense that his acts became very in- discreet. Washburne, in his sketch of Governor Coles, makes the following comments in reference to this libel matter : " In a temperate article in a newspaper he (Coles) made a legitimate criticism on some of the outrageous and indefensible rulings of Judge ISIcRoberts in the case of Midisou county against him for freeing his slaves without giving bonds. Eagerly seizing hold of this publication, the judge had the gross indelicacy to go before the grand jury of his own court, and by virtue of his official influence and position, he procured an indictment for libel against Governor Coles. As that was not enough, he commenced a civil suit against the governor, laying his damages at five thousand dollars. This action of McR. was as malicious as Has the suit of Madison county, as the sequel proved. A nolle prosequi, was entered in the case of indictment, and the civil suit was never brought to trial. The following letter of the governor to A. Cowles, the circuit attorney, shows that he never consented to the dismissal of the in- dictment, and that he was detei mined to probe the judge's conduct to the bottom. It is to be regretted that the answer of the circuit attorney is not to be found. Edwardsville, August ItJ, 1826. Dear Sir : Believing that I should have been able to prove that I had not libt lied Judge McRoberts. and explain how the grand jury had been induced to present me for so doing, it was with great regret that I heard you had thought proper to dismiss the prosecution. Fearing that some ma- licious per.son may misrepresent this transaction at some future day, when those who now understand it may have forgotten many of the details in relation to it, or perhaps be dead, or have removed from the country, I have deter- mined to ask the favor of you to give me a written answer to the following questions : Did you summon or request Judge JIcRoberts to appear before the Grand Jury which presented me for libeling him ? Did not Judge McRoberts request to see the indictment before it was delivered to the Grand Jury, and did he not examine and alter it, and if .so, what were the alterations made by him? Why was not Judge McRoberts returned as a witness on the back of the indictment ? etc., etc. E. Coles. A special grand jury of sixteen menbers, Thomas Lippin- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1G3 cott, foreman, indicted at the same term one James Clark for attempted rape. He was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to stand in the pillory f )r two hours. His fine. $300, was reduced, on petition of various citizens, to SIO. The succeeding term, March and August, 1826, offer no items of interest. The February term, IS'27, adjourned, be- cause the county authorities had neglected to select juries for that term. A special term was held May, 1827, to try " Titus," a man of color, for larceny, P. H. Winchester prosecuting and Thomas Ford defending him. "Titus" received sirty lashes well laid on, in the .settlement of liis larceny case. July term, 1827, was presided over by T. AV. Smith; Teleraachus Camp, a member of the grand jury, was discharged at the n quest of the grand jury from serving as a grand juror during the present term. George Harlan, Philip Aldrich and Zadock Newman report the jail to be in good order, and suggest the necessity of sweeping the rooms of the jail occasionally ! Nothing of interest in subsequent terra, in 1827 and 1828. June term, 1829. The case of the county vs. Nathaniel Buckmaster, sheriff", for 81928.17} arrearages, was tried before Judge S. D. Lockwood, and decided against the county. October term. David Dunlap indicted for murder ; papers lost, and case stricken from docket, October, 18-32. The grand jury reported the jail "insufficient" for the safe-keep- ing of prisoners, the door of one cell being " destitute " of a Jock, and a large hole having been cut through the door of the other cell, through which prisoners had escaped ; the security of the jail was "jeopardized" by the insecurity of the prison. — George Churchill, foreman grand jury. David Thorp, shame on him, was indicted, June term, 18.30, for Sabbath-breaking I ! June term, 1831, George Kelley was appointed clerk. It was afterwards made one of the charges against Hon. T. W. Smith, thejudge who appointed him, at the judges impeachment trial, January, 1833, that Kelley was hired by hiui to do the official work for $25, and that the actual earnings of the office went into the judge's pockets. At any rate, Kelley was superseded in 1831, October term, by the appointment of Jesse B. Thomas, Jr. The records of the court, June term, 1831, contain the following entry: "In consequence of the invasion of our northern frontier by the Indians, it is considered by the court that the juries be discharged from serving this court, many having volunteered in the service of their country. Two hundred volunteers have gone, and the sheriff" reports that a draft of two hundred more was to be expected soon. The court was adjourned." The October term, 1832, was adjourned at the request of the bar, after hearing the statement of governor and ex- governor and several other men of distinction about malignant cholera in St. Louis and St. Clair county, ap- proaching towards the " village." Nothing of interest until May term, 1834, when Daniel Piper was tried and convicted of petty larceny, and sentenced to fifteen lashes, the last I instance of corporal punishment of the kind in ^ladison | county. A strange coincident would have it, that this same Piper, was at the same term, sentenced to a three years' service in the penitentiary at Alton, as the first convict from this count)', thus " blending," as it were, the age of pillory and lash with that of modern modes of punishment. William E. Starr was appointed clerk of the circuit court April, 183 5. November special term, 1834, was the last term over which Judge T. W. Smith presided, having been succeeded by Hon. Sidney Breese. By act of legislature, January 7, 1835, all laws re(iuiring the justices of the supreme court to hold the circuit courts were repealed, and it was provided that there should be elected by the General A.ssembly, five judges in addition to the one then authorized by law, who should preside in the several circuit courts then or thereafter required to be held in the several counties of the state. The first term unave a social chat, and perhaps a social gla.s3 with him ; bnt had no time to remain, etc., etc. He wound up by leaving a larger amount of money on the counter than his legitimate bill amounted to. Weber pushed the sur- plus back, .saying: "This is a heap" too much. Smith insisted that Weber should keep the money and make it a treat to those friends tluit 1G4 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 1839. August Term. Judge Breese appointed W. Tyler Brown clerk of the circuit court ; John Adams was sheriff, elected iu 1838. Adams died before the expiratiou of his term. ^ Solomon Keopfli, of Highland ; Dr. Fred. Humbert, of Alton ; Anthony Teipel and Dennis Lane were naturalized. James W. Smith, a counterfeiter, was sentenced to four years hard labor in the penitentiary ; William Bell, three years; Jeremiah Doyle, one and a half years; Joseph Vanie, one year ; Reuben Shuster, five years"; and Julius Scott, two years, all on charges of larceny. In 1840, "Winfield Shoutts and C. R. Walter were sen- tenced to two years and one year respectively for similar crimes. A larger number (nine) went to the penitentiary in 1841. Wilkinson Edwards, for administering poison, five years ; George Small, five years ; John Morgan, four years ; Henry Theile and John Adams, each three years ; Nathaniel How- ard, Hiram Sweezy, and Martin Benson, each one year — all thieves ; and James C. McManneman, a burglar, also, one year. In 1842, William Hopewell Henry Knight and James Greely, each twelve years, for robbery ; John MuKiustry, three years ; and James Keagor, two years and four months for larceny. 1843. May Term. Hon. James Semple on the bench. The following prisoners were sentenced to the penitentiary : For burglary — Theodore Brown, ten years; John Wilkinson, two and a half years; and Tyrell Hall, one year. For lar- ceny: George Jones and William Price, each five years. In October, 1843, and May and October, 1844, court was held by Hon. James Shields, who sent W. J. Russell, Lewis Williams, and Benjamin Caldwell each one year to peniten- tiary for larceny. 1845. May and October Terms. Hon. Gustavus Koerner^ of Belleville, on the bench ; with W. H. Bissell as prosecut- ing (then called circuit) attorney. Andrew Miller, sheriff. W. J Anderson and W. W. Pulliam were ■sentenced to pen- itentiary, each two years, for passing counterfeit paper money ; and William Williams eight years fer larceny. 1846. May Term. Hon. D. Caton on the bench, as agreed between him and Hon. G. Koeruer. John Cain and Edward Hanley were each sentenced to five years penitentiary ; and J. A. White one year, on charges of larceny. 1846. October Term. Hon. Gustavus Koerner presiding. James Harris was convicted of larceny, and sentenced to two years ; Israel Mayfield, manslaughter, eight years. The grand jury, presided over by Hiram Arthur, Esq., presented an indictment for murder against Wilson Penny, Robert Bailey, William Bailey, Jeremiah Claypole, Jack- son Pelham, Jacob Lewis, Martin T. Kurtz, Josiah Pres- wood, William Matthews, Stephen Gaskill, John Gaskill, John Cormack, Daniel Robinson, John Teter, Luke Towns- end, George Morfit, Daniel Berkey, Samuel Seybold, Zacha- riah Chance, Abner Clark, Charles Sjjangler, James Clark, Smith had wanted to see, but who had failed to come. "Ah," said Wt'her, '• tliatis too much 'anyhow,' forvoii have not friends enough in Ilighhuid to drink it up in a year." William Norris, Milton Blackburn, James White, Duanc Nichols, Andrew Simpson, Green Simpson, James Moore, Matthew Nichols, Samuel Teter, Francis M. McMahan, Samuel Hall, Guy Morrison, and W. T. Edgar. The files of criminal papers having been destroyed, as heretofore mentioned, the indictment itself cannot be repro- duced. The circumstances of the case are known to many of the older residents of the county, and may be briefly stated. A certain man named Duncan had made his house iu T. 3, 8, near the blufts a rendezvous for people of lax morals, much to the annoyance and chagrin of the respectable people of the vicinity. It is said that Bob O'Blennis of St. Louis, together with other characters of his ilk, gamblers and worse than gamblers used to celebrate their orgies there in common with women of the town. In order to rid the county of this nuisance, a number of the best citizens concluded to buy Duncan's farm with a view oi making him leave. An obliga- tionbinding on the subscribers, was drawn up in writing and communicated to Duncan, who was to have his property paid for, with the understanding, however, that he had to vacate the place and the vicinity at a stated day. Duncan refused the offer, and it is said had his place well supplied with arms and ammunition, and made preparation to have it thor- oughly "garrisoned" on ^'moving" day. In order to avoid violence, the citizens on the other hand, sent a delegation to Duncan Fort on a prior day. The number of this delega- tion increased on the way to Duncan's by volunteers, falling in line along the road. Duncan was not found at home; he had gone fishing in company with one of his lady associates. The party found them near the lake, in the bottom, and sur- rounded them. During the parley the woman mentioned, drew a revolver and discharged it, however, without injuring any one. The fire was returned and Duncan was killed. It was never ascertained by whom. The case remained on the docket for several years. Many of the parties indicted were nol. pros, and remaining defendants applied for and obtained a change of venue to St. Clair county. They were ably defended by Hons. Lyman Trumbull and Joseph Gillespie, and finally acquited. The Mexican war had by this time absorbed all public interest, and there were no cases of any consequence tried for a year. There were, of course courts held, and grand juries called to see that the laws -of the land were respected, and not being able to capture larger game, thegrand juries contented themselves with indicting people for selling liquor without license and for similar offenses. In order to show that the memory of the patriots, who had taken the field against the foreign enemy was cherished at home we introduce here the proceedings of the circuit court of Madison county, had on August 16, 1838, at length. They are taken from the records verbatim ei literatim. Madison County Circuit Court — August Term, 1S47, Hon. Gustavus Koerner presiding. August 16. At this day the attorneys of the court, by E. Keating, Esq., pre- sented and read to the court the proceedings of ameeting of the mem- ber of the bar of this court held to take proper'notice of the death of Franklin Miles and Lauristou Kobbins, late attorneys and councillors HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 165 of this court, anil tlie court having been very feelingly and appropri- ately addressed upon the occasion by Messrs. Keating, Gillespie and Bissell, and joining in the sentiments expressed in the said proceed- ings, that the same be spread at length upon the recoril in words as follows : '•Whereas the bar of the Madison County Circuit Court have re- ceived the painful information that two of their professional brethren have died while in the performance of the high and noble duty of volunteer citizen soldiers, the one. Captain Franklin Miles, of the Fifth Kjgiment of Illinois volunteer*, who w.is stricken down by disease on the 21th day of July, 1S47, upon his march with his com- pany to Santa Fe ; the other, Lieutenant L. Kobbins, of the Second Kegiment of Illinois volunteers, who was slain while among the ad- vance of his company, on the 23d day of February, 1847, upon the ever memorable field of Buena Vista, and feeling that a proper trib- ute of respect is due by the bar of Madison County to the memory of those who have been ornamen's to our profession, and who, in all their relations in life, have discharged their duties with promptness, Scrupulous fidelity and signal ability. Therefore Resolved, Tivdl \n t\vd death of onr departed brethren, the profession of which they were members have lost those who in life well and truly aided to sustain its character and reputation, and in the circumstances attending their death, have merited for it a new source of honor and pride. As citizens we respected them, as friend we loved them, as members of our profession we were proud of them, and in their death we will ever cherish their memories. That the duty in the |)erformance of which our brothers died, is so truly noble and worthy of the American citizens, that while we ex- press our grief for riieir death, we cannot avoid giving utterance to our feelings in knowing that the character of our profession has been thus worthily sustained. That we deeply sympiilhize with the bereaved friends and families of the departed, and truly tender them our condolence on account of their great and irreparable loss. That we will wear the usual badge of mourning tliirty days in honor of their memory. That we respectfully a.sk leave of the Honorable the Circuit Court of MadLson County, to have this testimonial ofourregard foi our de- ceased friends and brothers spread upon the records of said court. That a copy of the proceedings of this meeting be transmitted to the familitsof the deceased by the chairman (• That we respectfully reque.st of the Honorable Judge of the Madi- eon Circuit Court, as a further token of respect for our departed friends and brothers, that we adjourn said court until to morrow morning. And in further token of respect and regard for the deceased— Ordered, that the court be adjourned until 9 o'clock to-morrow morning." Hon. G. Koerner presided at the Circuit Court iu March and August, 1848. D. L. Heath was sent to penitentiary for larceny — one year. Guy Morrison, Charles Spangler, Luke Towusend, W. H. Edgar, Daniel Berkey, J P. Moore and John Ga.skill, in- dicted for murder (Duncan case) were nol. pros. Tlie August term, 1848, was the last term of the period of the sixty years embraced in this sketch. Subsequent proceedings will be treated on pages following these. It was stated above that the offices of Justices of the Peac2 were made elective in the year 1827. A list of these officers, alphabetically arranged, will also be of interest to the citizens of the County ; it is here intro- duced : JUSTICES OF THE PEACE— MADISON COUNTY — 1827, tO 1849. Atwater, Thomas, 1834. . . . Official term. 1 years. *Arthur Hiram, 1835 to 1839. . . 1843 to 1848. 9 yeais. Allen, Row!. P., 1842 to 1843 1 year- *Alwood, Moses, 1847 1 year. *Adam3, W. R., 1847 1 year. Barnsback, J. L., 1827 to 1843 Ki years. *Bartlett, Joseph, 1835 to 1848 13 years. Bailey, S. G., 1837 to 1839 2 years. Botkin, Alexander, 1838 to 1841, resigned 3 years. Blakeman, Curtis, 1839 to 1842, do. do 8 years. Burk, Thomas B , 1843 to 1847 4 years. ^iBrown, G. T, 1843 to 1847 4 years. Claypool, John, 1827 to 182S, resigned 1 year. Cox, Isaac, 1820 to 1835 6 years. Caswell, Josiah, 1831 to 1835 4 years. Chilton, Thomas, 1831 to 1833 2 years. Clement, Samuel C, 1836, resigned Crownover, Garrett, 1843 to 1847 4 years. Charter, John, 1844, died 1845 1 year. *Charlton, Charles, since 1847 1 year. *Cook, Charles, since 1847 1 year. *Carr, G. W., since 1847 . 1 year. *Cain, W. M., since 1847 1 year. *Duncan, Joseph, since 1827 21 years. Dugger, Jarrot, 1827 to 1831 4year8. Dugger, John C, 1831 to 1839 8 year. *Dugger, Wesley, since 1847 1 year. *Dorsey N. M , since 1847 1 year. Elliot, Thomas, 1838 to 1839 1 year. Eaton, H. K., 1839 to 1843, and from 184G to '47 5 years. *Edwards, John, since 1843 5 years. Flagg, Gersham, 1831 to 183"> 4 years. *Ferguson, John L., since 1843 5 years. Gillham, Thomas, from 1827 to 1835 8 years. Greathouse, John, 1831 to 1834, movtd away 3 years. Graham, George, 1831 to 1835 4 years. Garrett, Robert, 1837 to 1839 2 years. Gillespie, Joseph, 1837 to 1839 2 years. Gillespie, Matthew, 1839 to 1843 4 years. *Gilliland, Alexander, since 1847 1 year. Hudson, Jonathan, 1832 to 1830, resigned 4 years. Harnsberger, Ephraim, 1835 to 1841, when he resigned, was re-elected in 1843 to 1847 10 years. Hundley, J. B., 1843 to 1847 4 years. Ives, John, 1839 to 1843 4 years. Johnson, Stephen, 183.5, resigned 183G 1 year. Job, Mosis, 1840 to 1843 3 years. Kell, William, 1831 to 1839 8 years. Kimball, George, 1838 to 1839 1 year. Kill, Jacob, from 1839 to 1843, and 1846, to '47 5 years. *Look, Horace, 1828 to 1835, and since 1840 14 years. Marsh, Ephraim, 1827 to 1831 4 years. Meeker, Daniel, 1827 to 1831 4 years. Miller, William, 1831 to 1832 1 year. Martin, William, 1835 to 1837, resigned 2 years. Mason, Hail, 1835 to 1839 4 years- Matthews, Abraham, 1843 to 1847 4 years. *Maxey, J. A., since 1843 5 years. *Meeker, O., since 1847 1 year. *Moine(?) Jacob, since 1847 1 year. Ogle, William, 1827 to 1831 4 years. Owen, J. P., 1839 to 1843 4 years. Olive, Abel, 1835 to 1843 and 1815 to '47 10 years. Pearce, James, 1827 to 1831 4 years. Prickelt, David, 1829 to 1835 6 yeans. Pcarcy, Henry, 1831, moved away 166 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. I'inckard, "W. G., from 1837 to 1848 -lOyears. *Pearce, William, since 1847 1 ycai\ Renfio, Jesse, 1828 to 1831 . . . 3 years. Khodes, Samuel W.. 1827 to 1831 4 years. Kandle, Barton, 1828, resigned 1830 2 years. Reynolds, James, from 1833 to 1839, and from 1844 to '47 . .8 years. *Roseberry, Robert, since 183") 13 years. Randle, Jolin H., 1836 to 1843 7 years. Robbin.s, S. W. 1838 to 1839 2 years. *Randle, I. B., since 1850 8 years. Renfro, Sibis, 1843 to 1847 4 years. Reynolds, Renben, 1846 to 1847 1 year. ISnell, Roger, 1827 to 1831 •••.... 4 years. Suds, Moses, do. do 4 years. Seybold, Samuel, 1827 to 1843 16 years. Starkey, Jesse. 1827 to 1829, resigned 2 years. Selhorst, Ju.«tus D., 1827 to 1828, resigned 1 year. Starr, W. E., 1831 to 183-5, and 1839 to '43 8 years. Smith, George, 1831 to 1843 12 years. Scott, Cyrus, 183.5 to 1839 4 years. *Spau!(ling, Harry, since 1835 13 years *S'q'iire, Samuel, 1835 to 1847, resigned in 1848 12 years. Swett, David, 1835, died in office ■ Smaal, Aaron, 1836 to 1841 5 years. Skillman, Charles, 1839 to 1843 4 years. *Smith, W. II, ' ] 1 year. «Scott, II. F., I 1 year, *Sawyer, S. T., ] 1 year. *Skinner, William, j. singe 1S47 . . . .' 1 year. *Stuith, Samuel, I 1 year. *Showalter, J G., I 1 year. *Suppiger Joseph, J 1 year. Tayloi-, John R., 183.5, moved away 1836 1 year. *Turner, Timothy, since 1S43 5 year.^. Vincent, Isham, 1827, resigned in 1828, was re-elected in 1831 to 1835 5 years. West, Emanuel, J, 1827, to 1829, resigned 2 years. "Wilco-x, Stephen, Jr., 1829, resigned in 1830 1 year- Wright, James, 1830 to 1831 1 year. AVheeler, Erastus, 1835 to 1846, resigned to fight the Mexicans 11 years. AVaddle, Thomas, 1835 to 1839 4 years. Wood, Cornelius, 1841 to 1843 2 years. Winship, Franklin, 1843 to 1847 4 years. Walker, Benjamin, 1843 to 1847 4 years. Webb, James, 1843 to 1847 4 years. ■"Warner, D. H., since 1846 1 year. Young, John C, 1839 to 1847 8 years. Names marked by asterisks (*) are the namts of Justices in office in 1848, and whose terms will expire in 1851. PKOBATE COUET. The probate business of the county was during the first de cade transacted by the same authorities, to whom the govern- ment of the county affairs was entrusted. An act of the legislature, February 10th, 1821, created a probate court for each county of the state. The judges of these courts were chosen or appointed by the legislature of the state. The time had not arrived, when the masses were thought com- petent to elect their judicial officers. It was feared that the dignity of the judiciary might be lost in the vulgar prac- tices of elections. . Jacob W. AValker was the first probate judge of Madison county, and held his first term at the house of James Mason, in the town of E Iwardsvillc, on the 7th of May, 1821. Judge Walker was his own clerk, and his records are models of accuracy and comprehensiveness. He resigned his oflSce in March, 1822, being succeeded by Judge John York. Sawyer, who held his first term on the 13th day of April, 1822, and his last on the 25th of November, 1824. He was succeeded, January 26th, 1825, by Hon. Abraham Prickett, who resigned in April, 1827, succeeded by William Gillham. Judge Gillham officiated from July 1827, to February 9th, 18Jy. Hon. David Prickett succeeded him, aud presided over the court until September 21st, 1835. His successor, Hon. John M. Krum, of Alton, held the position not quite four months. Hon. Joseph Gillespie was probate judge from January 4th, 1836, to August 31st, 1839. During his term, on the 25th of February, 1837, the office of probate judge was made elective by act of legislature, the tenure of office being four years. Hon. Matthew Gillespie, a brother of the former, was elected in August, 1839, and qualified on the 31st day of that month. He in turn was succeeded in Au- gust, 1843, by Hon. G. W. Prickett, a son of Hon. Abraham Prickett, frequently mentioned in this and other chapters. George W. Prickett resigned his office on the 2 1st of July, 1846, to take charge of a company of volunteers, ready to take the field in the war against the sister republic, Mf'xico. Hon. Henry K. Eaton succeeded Mr. Prickett, and con- tinued in office until 1857. There were 1455 estates put under administration during this period; 1819 to 1849; 10 in 1819; 15 in 18^9; 40 in 1839, and 109 in 1849. The mortality in 1849 was uncommonly severe on account of the prevalence of the cholera in various parts of the county. RETROSPECT. During the period, 1819 to 1849, the county had been reduced in area to its present size, about 760 square miles. The population of the county, in its present limits, may have been 4,000 in 1820; it iva.i 6,-221 in 1830, 14,433 in 184U, and 20,441 at the close of the period. All the public land, with the exception of a few straggling forty acre tracts that had been overlooked, had become the property of indi- viduals, and been converted into thousands of productive farms. New towns and villages had sprung up on paper, and also in reality, while others mentioned in the preceding pages had ceased to be. Milton, for instance, a thriving and prosperous village, with mills, distilleries, shops, st'ires and manufactories, had gone out of existence, and its lots, valued at from three hundred to eight hundred dollars each in 1820, are not mentioned as lots any longer in the tax- books of the county. The paper town, Madison (laid out by Allen in the Marine settlement), Augusta, (Parkinson's town in section 3, range 6), Fitz-James, in section 4, range 5, or section 5, range 5, Mount Auburn, Chippewa, Gibral- tar, at or near the mouth of Wood river, had come and gone. Other towns laid out during the period of the sjieculation in town property have remained, as for instance, Collins, ville. Highland Marine, Venice, Monticello and Troy. Troy, Alton, Venice and Edwardsville were prominent enough in 1832 to be mentioned by European tourists in prominent and standard works. We read, for instance, in Heinrich Christian HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1G7 Gerke's " Observations made in North America," the follow- ing: * Collinsville is also meiitioneil by this author. " It con- sists," said he, 'of a uiill, a Methodist church, the dwelling- house of Mr. Collins, a brother in-law of my son, and the farm house of Major Post, who has a most amiable family, and keeps tavern." The work of H. C Gerke, from which these notes are taken, contains innumerable items of interest, and the reader will find many more interesting quotations from it in the chapter on European Immigration. * I iipent a most pleasant winter (1831-82) in E lwarde, head turned b.ackward.s, and arranging feathers with beak, the other ha.s four dragon heads. Indians make their appear- ance here quite frequently, and in large numbers, to worship. It is remarkable that the red c"lor of the Manitou never fades. The towns, described by Garke as he found them in 1831, were then the only towns in the county existing in reality, and they have remained the leading towns of the county to this day. At the close of the period 1840, tlie towns had of course grown and developed in keeping with the general progress. During this period — 1818 to 1840 — th3 county was represented in the state senate by George Cadwell, 1818 to 1822,Theophilus W. S Smith, 1822 to 1826, Jo.seph Con- way, 1826 to 18;i4,Cyrt's Edwards 18,S4 to 1838,* George Churchill 1838 to 1842, George Smith 1842 to 1846,t and Joseph Gillespie from 184G to 1850. In the house of representatives we find John Howard, Abraham Prickett and Samuel Whiteside from 1818 to 1820 ; Joseph Borough, Nathaniel Buckmaster, William Ottwell, 1820 to 1822. Curtis Blakeman, George Churchill and E J. West, 1822 to 1824; Curtis Blakeman, George Ciiurchill and William Ottwell 1824 to 1826. George Church ill and David Prickett 1826 to 1828 ; George Chtirchill and William Jones 1828 to 1830 ; John B. E. Canal and George Churchill 1830 to 18)2 ; (part of Macoupin and Madison counties forming then one representative district) Cyrus Edwards and James Sem- ple 1832 to 1834 ;*'\Nathaniel Buckmaster, James Semple and Jesse B. Thomas Jr. 1834 to 1836. John Hogan, James Scrapie and Robert Smith 1836 to 1838; Williatn Ottwell, George Smith and Robert Smith 1838 to 1840; Cyrus Ed- wards, Joseph Gillespie and James Reynolds 1840 to 1842. Robert Aldrich, John Bailhacheand Curtis Blakeman 1842 to 1844 ; George Barnsback, George Churchill and N. D. Strong 1844 to 1846; Curtis Blakeman, W. A. De Wolf and William Martin 1846 to 1848. Names of Senators and Representatives after the adoption of the constitution of 1848 will appear hereafter. Madison county was represented in the constitutional con- ventions of 1818 by Benjamin Stephenson, Joseph Borough and Abraham Prickett, and in that of 1847, by Cyrus Ed- wards, E. M. West, Benaiah Robinson and George T. Brown. 1849 TO 1882. The year 1849 found the county subdivided into sixteen precincts to wit : Highland, W. W. Ramsey, Joseph Suppi- ger and Oliver Hoy t, judges of elections; Saline, John Giger, J. W. Coventry and Christian Waage ; Looking Glass, Wesley Dugger, Joseph Miller and John Lindley ; Murine, W. W. McLain, Lewis L. Judd and R. P. Allen ; Silver Creek, Lewis Ricks, J. R. Prickett and Abel Olive ; Troy, George Churchill, Jesse Reufro and Jubilee Posey; Omph Ghent, Samuel L. Miller, Samuel Sanner and Moses Barber; White Rock Henry H. Snell, Archibald Lamb and Ale.xander Fleck ; CoUinsville, Horace Look, J. J. -Fisher and George MofBt ; Edwardsville, Samuel Smith, G. N. Kerr and Joshua Dunnagan ; Bethel, Isaac Cox, Joel U. Sturkey and PZdward J. Dorsey ; Upper Alton, Isaac War- * Madison, St. Clair and Monroe counties were entitled under the ap- portionment of 1,S36 to an additional senator. John D. Whiteside was elected in August 1.836, but resigned March 5, 1837, when James B. Moore was elected to fill vacancy to 1S3.8. t. lames .\. Tames, of Monroe was the ao the use of the embankment across Wet Prairie, and of the county bridges, on the condition that the company keep the bridges across Cahokia and Long Lake in repair. In case that new bridges became necessary, the company were to pay each one half of the costs. At the March term, 1850, large claims for taking care of paupers were presented, and Judge Eaton caused the fol- lowing to be spread on the record : The court do conclude and adjudge that these claims cannot be allowed, for the reason, that the county finances are not in condition to war- rant it, that the allowance of them and many others of the kind, which have been presented to the court, would open the door for such a flood of claims for pauper services, as if paid would nearly, if not entirely, exhaust the whole revenue of the county. The court have furnished a Poor House for such paupers with a view of lessening the county expenses for taking care of them, and if persons will make heavy bills on account of paupers apart from the Poor House, they must do it at their own risk. The Collinsville Plankroad company obtained the same privileges granted to the Edwardsville company. 1850 JUNE TEEM. W. W. Jones, who had contracted with the county for keeping the Poor House, was released and a new contract entered into with Robert Stewart, who was to have $624 per annum, for keeping, feeding, clothing and nursing the in- mates, i)rovided their average number was not more than six. For every additional one, Stewart was to be paid $2 00 per week. 1850-JULY TERM-DEATH OF E. S. BROWN. At a special term of the county court of Madison county, held on the 18th of July, 1850, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted : " Where.\s since the last adjournment of this court, it has pleased the all wise and merciful Creator of the universe to re- move from our midst our esteemed associate, Edward S. Brown, late treasurer and assessor of Madison county ; and Whereas we are desirous of rendering a tribute of respect to the memory of our deceased friend who has endeared himself to us by his many virtues and manly deportment, therefore be it Ee-iolved, That while we humbly submit to the decrees of God, we deeply deplore the untimely death of our friend and fellow citizpn Edward S. Brown ; that in his death the county of Madison has lost an able, impartial and faithful officer, and the community a valuable and worthy citizen ; That we deeply sympathize with the bereaved family and friends of the deceased in their sad affliction ; and That the clerk of this court present to the family of the deceased a copy of these resolutions and also cause the same to be pub- lished in all the public newspapers of the county. The grand jury of the county memorialized the court on the subject of dramshop licenses in the fall of 1850 as fol- lows; That they (the grand jury) find a number of those who become inmates of the jail and the poor house addicted HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1G9 to the use of ardeut spirits, and in consequence become charges to the county, they believe the granting of license to keep groceries at the usual low rates is the cause of much intemperance and crime, and recommend to the court that hereafter no grocery licenses be granted for less than §100, believing that if the rates shall be materially raised, there will be fewer groceries and less intemperance, poverty and crime in our county. The court acted promptly on this sug- gestion by raising the license to SI 00. The autumn election of 1850 resulted in the election of Andrew Miller and N. G. Edwards, as members of the House of Representatives, Fred. T. Krafft, Sheriff, William Gill. Coroner, and Thomas W. Yates, Treasurer, in place ofE. S. Brown, deceased. At the close of the yesrr the court caused the clerk to pre- pare a statement of the outstanding county orders, from which statement it appears that this floating debt amounted to about $35,078.17 ; "about" because a large number of county orders, supposed by W. T. Brown, former clerk, to have amounted to S1700, were paid and destroyed in 1843 without being canceled on the books. Mr. Prickett had re- ported $30,778.17 as unpaid, and then the court deducted the above amount of §1700, leaving an apparent debt of S35.- 078-17. The county revenue of 1850 was $17,550.44, and the ex- penditures — Roads and bridges. §6.987.79; Courts and offi- cers 84..599.71 ; Paupens, 82.797 15; Jail, 8439.11 ; Election, $12740. Interest, 81868.86, amounting to 816820 02; leav- ing a surplus of $730.42. The court had trouble with the deputy assessors on account of their " unheard of" charges, and ordered that hereafter their officers should i)resent itemized accounts, duly authenticated and certified by the county assessor. The clerk was instructed to make settle- i inents and report what he had done Mr. Prickett reporied in March 1851 that he had paid 87.38.00 for the assessment of 1850, which report was sanctioned by the court. A ludicrous error occurred about the Alton assessment. Lewis Kellenberger, appointed deputy county assessor for Alton, was at the same time the assessor of the city, and had, as such to make two assessments, one for city, and the other for state purposes. As city assessor he found the Alton taxable property to be worth $1,082,549, while as deputy county assessor he found the same property to be worth only $771.5.56, a diflerence of 8310.993. He, however, made by mistake, return of the city assessment to the clerk, who pro- ceeded to extend state taxes on city valuations, and in this manner the state tax of Alton was about 30 per. ct. higher than Kellenberger had intended it to be. Doctors are said | to dislike taking their own medicine, but, nevertheless, it 1 may sometimes be well to do so. The first report of the county school commission was filed in the court on the 5th of March, 1851, from which it appeared that there were then 65 school-houses in the county, that 2753 children had attended the schools during the year, that the township school funds amounted to §4000, — and that there were four school-libraries in existence, at Alton, Upper Alton, Edwardsville and Colliusville. The tax levy for the year was again 75 cts. per $100, of Which 4-15 was appropriated towards reducing the county debt. The as- sessed value, Alton property excluded, amounted to 82 784.- 775. A subsequent report of the county debts shows an actual reiluction of $5,765 02. The measures of economy of this court were in many cases too rigorous and at times un- just. As an instance it may be related that the treasurer of the county in 1851 was allowed a compensation of $10.00 only, because the collector had made his returns to the county court direct, instead of through the t rea.su rer, who ought to have known that the law gave him 1 per. cent, both on receipts and disbursements. Mr. Yates should have received 8356.40 instead of $10. A grand jury report in reference to the poor house was submitted to the court, in which the examining committee recommended to the court, that more attention be bestowed upon this institution (poor- house) by their honorable bodj' (meaning the court) by vis- iting frequently the institution and seeing that the persons employed perform their duties and secure a little more com- fort to the unfortunates confined there. The county bought 100 acres of land in section 4, town- ship four, range eight, of B. J. Head, two miles west of the court-house, intending it for a poor-farm, and ordered the forty acres heretofore bought for that purpose to be sold at public sale ; Mr. KraflPt became the owner of that tract and paid for it in jNIarch, 1853. The poor house expen.'ies, with an average number of thirteen inmates, amounted to 82 074, or about $160 per capita. This is a great deal of money, much greater than it should have been, and it is not to be wondered at that the county authorities contemplated a change in the system. Many claims presented to the court for allowances, bear evidence of the court's displeasure; we will here introduce a few marginal remarks in the unmis- takable handwriting of Judge Eaton. A county printing office had presented a bill of $50 for two plain record books- The following sentence is endorsed on this bill : " The court allows this claim, although it looks upon it as an extortion.' A store account of $41.25 is endorsed by Eaton as follows; "$41.25 allowed, but members of the court do complain of the excessive amounts for medicines, an unheard of charge until last year, also of whisky for the poor house at 82 per gallon ! of brooms, what can the county want with a dozen of brooms at one time ? Some of the articles of stationery for the court-house, such as blotting-paper at 40 cents a quire, and so many quires (10) at once, etc." At the June term, 1852 Joseph Suppiger, F. Ryhiner, Garritt Crownover, Christian Kuhnen and W. Fisher, all citizens of Highland, presented the following memorial to the court : '' The untler.'iigned, a committee .ippointed at a meeting of the citi- zens of Highland, held on the 11th of June, for the purpose of making fiome regulations for the purpose of nursing and attending the sick and burying the dead, in case our place should again be visited, as in 1849, by cholera, respectfully urge the Hon. County Court to appoint an overseer of the poor for (he Highland district. Some symptoms of this dreadful scourge have made their appearance amongst us, and can.sed us to hold the meeting mentioned above. Generally, in the spring, and until the latter part of July, the greatest number of immi- grants arrive ; and those coming in June and July are more apt to carry the seed of sickness in their system. The influx of immigration 170 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. cannot be stopped ; there are no laws proliibiting strangers to settle among us, nor Jo we wish for any siicli laws ; but, of course, we have to take the bad consequences together with the good, and a wise com- munity ought to prepare in time to avoid the worst, and to alleviate the sufferings of our fellow beings. It is not only these new comers, but very often poor, single individuals, who have been living for some ! time among ns, that are taken suddenly, and, having no relatives or friends to lake proper care of tiiem, are sent adrift, and for want of care sufiTer often dreadfully, even beyond description, and if they have the good luck to die, there is nobody to have them deceatly buried. In such emergencies it is absolutely necessary to have an overseer of the poor ready to attend to the business. There were cases here where fuch duties were denied for some lime. And it is another important requirement, besides the appointment of such over.«eer, that such over- seer be not restricted in the manner in which the order of the County Court of the 27th of December, 1850, did restrict all former overseers. There is no possibility in most of the cases to make timely application, and if it should be in time, and the paiients could be brought to the poor liouse, we presume that llie citizens of Edwardsville would object to such importations, and more so for dead bodies than only sick per- sons. Whenever it comes to such a pass, even the most benevolent families will refuse to receive the victims into their houses. And if there is no overseer of the poor to act in such cases, whose duty is it to act? Several applications have been made these last three or four weeks to the former overseer, who does not consider himself empower- ed to give any orders, and made only arrangements with the provisi , that the agent, hereafter to be appointed by your honors, would ratify the measures taken. It is impossible to apply to the County Court in such emergencies, — the distance forbids any such attempts and princi- pally in cases of death, where putrefaction sets in quicker than in all other di.«eases. The committee would respectfully recommend Doctor Theophilus Bruckner, as a fit and proper subject for such an over- seer, he being a young physician, and able to make the necessary discrimination ; and, as neither sickness nor death waits for conveni- ence, and as there is at no other .season of the year the same necessity as at present, they would urge to the Hon. Court the absolute needful- ness of immediate action, and to send out the appointment of such an overseer, — and, further, to make such orders and not restrictions as would directly annul all the benefits intended by the framers of the .statute of our state. All of which is respectfully submitted to your Hon. body." The court appointed Dr. Bruckner at once, as Joseph Sup. piger had peremptorily refused to act The fears of the citizens of Highland were too well founded. The plague made its appearance, and a dreadful mortality ensued. The county revenue of 1851 was larger than ever before, amounting to $23,342.93, and quite an amount was appro- priated in the support of the dying and friendless immi- grants at Highland. The tax levies were not lowered in subsequent years ; tliey amounted to §27,506.57 in 1852, and to §27,114 53 in 1853. T. W. Yates was re-elected treasurer in 1851, and J. R. Woods succeeded Mr. West as school commissioner. In 1852, Joseph Gillespie was re-elected to the state senate, S. A. Buckmaster and Thomas J udy became members of the lower house, C A. Murray sheriff, and S- W. Eobbins coro- ner. Hon. W. H. Bissell, of St. Clair, was re-elected repre- sentative of the first congressional district of Illinois. SECOND COUNTY COUET 1853-1857. Henry K. Eaton, county judge, and D. D. Collins and Joseph Chapman, associate justices. John A. Prickett wad re-elected county clerk, J. W. Terry was elected school commissioner, T. W. Yates treasurer and W. E. Wheeler county surveyor, with Joseph Burnap as surveyor of the western district of the county. The building of the present courthouse was the principal public work done during this administration. The people of the county were greai ly agitated about it, a large number making strenuous efforts in opposition. The question of dividing the county was again mooted, and this very agita- tion nerved the court in its proceeding to build, in order to put a quietus on the opposing element. Petitions pro and con. poured in from every part of the county, and we shall here introduce two samples, to wit : " The petition of the voters of Madison county respectfully sheweth : That they regard with feelings of lively emotion, all measures which have for their object the advancement of the welfare of the community of which they form a part ; while, on the other hand they deprecate, as injurious, all schemes that tend, by undue agitation, to di.5 State Senator ; Z. B. Job and Joseph H. Sloss, members of the House; W. T Brown, sheriff; and James Hand, coroner. Philip B. Fouke, of St. Clair, was elected representative of the 8th congressional district, and re-elected in 1860. A vote on the introduction of township organization, J ordered in consequence of the petition of V. P. Eichmond, ! resulted adversely to township organization. 1859: B. D. Berry assessor and treasurer; 1860: Cyrus Edwards and Garrett Crownover, members of the House of Representatives ; Julius A. Barnsback, sheriff; Allen, coroner; and T. O. Springer, clerk of the Circuit court. 1861 : M. G. Dale, re-elected county Judge ; Constantine Ril- lietand W. B. Hundley, associate justices; Joseph Chap- man, county clerk; Nelson D. Sweeny, surveyor; W. P. Eaton, school commissioner ; B. D. Berry, treasurer ; Solo- mon Koepfli and Samuel A. Buckmaster, delegates to the constitutional convention. J FOURTH COUNTY COURT, 1861 TO 1865. M. G. Dale, county judge; Constantine Rilliet and W. B. Hundley, associate justices. Mr. Rilliet died in 1862, and was succeeded by Xavier Sutter. He was held in high esteem, and his sudden death was deplored by all who knew him. He was a foreign born citizen of distinction. Mention is made of him in the chapter on European immi- gration. The records of the county, December term 1862, containing the following resolutions, spread upon the record of the county court by its order. " Whereas, It has pleased the Allwise Ruler of the Uni- verse to remove from our midst, since the last meeting of the court, our associate justice, Constantine Relliet, Besolved, By the members of the court, that we have re- ceived with deep regret the intelligence of his death ; That we bear our heartfelt testimony to the strict integrity, gentlemanly demeanor and devotion to duty which marked his character ; That we tender to his family and friends the sincere tribute of our sympathy." The civil war was now raging throughout the United States. Young men and men of families rushed to the field in defense of the integrity of the Union, and it became the duty of the court, to see that the families of our patriotic men were properly provided for. Money had to be raised at once, as the slow process of tax-collecting could not meet the emergency. The court called on E. M. West, G W. Phillips, Joseph Gillespie and John Suppiger as members of a committee to aid in providing funds and distributing the same judiciously and economically. Large and larger amounts were needed as time went on, bounties bad to be paid in order to fill the ranks thinned out by death on the field of battle, or in the dreaded hospital. Every order of the court to borrow money was immediatly succeeded by another order to levy a special tax in discharge of temporary debts .'lo created. While many other counties throughout this and other states loaded themselves down with permanent war debts, under which some are groaning to this day, Madison county had raised by taxation funds, amply sufficient to pay off every dollar of its war debt, even before the war had ended ! It was a difficult task, but prudent government and ready tax paying accomplished it. The war taxes collected in Madison county amounted to $108,292.-59. Hon. E. M. West managed the financial part of this work. The moneys were disbursed in support of families of volunteers, in payment of bounties, interest on moneys borrowed and other expenses. Turning to the regular county expenses during the second term of Judge Dale's administration we find them to have been fully met leaving even a surplus, with revenues as fol- lows : 1862, $32,981.18; 1863, $33,409.05; 1864, $35,. 098.22 ; and in 1865, $37,397 80. It should be borne in mind that the current money of the land had been greatly depreciated, the greenback dollar of 1863, 1834 and 1865 being at times scarcely worth 50 cents in coin. The credit of the county was good and the 8 per cent, county war loan mentioned above was readily taken at par. The debt of the county was reduced to $3.5,066.50 in bonds and $10,421.71 in unpaid county orders, as per statement of June, 1864, the balance of revenue of 1863 then in process of collection was stated to have amounted to $25,- 871.43, amply sufficient to redeem the floating debt above mentioned. Officers elected in 1862 : W. H. Underwood, Senator of the 5th district— Madison and St. Clair, Samuel A. Buck- / master and William Watkins, representatives of the 16th district (Madison and Bond), W. E. Wheeler, sheriff, and St. W. Gaskill, coroner. William R. Morrison, of Monroe county, was elected member of Congress for the 12th con- gressional district of Illinois. In 1863 : K. G H. Knowles, surveyor, with D. A. Spauld- ing — who had been county surveyor in 1823 - as surveyor for the western district, and James B. McMichael, assessor and treasurer. In 1864 : Julius A. Barnsback and Hiram Dresser, repre- sentatives ; George Ruegger, sheriff; Wm. T. Brown, clerk circuit court, and P. G. Regan, coroner; Jehu Baker, of St. Clair, was elected member of Congress and re-elected in 1866. ! In 1865: Thomas R.Wilson, surveyor; W. P. Eaton, school-commissioner,* and James B. McMichael, treasurer. I FIFTH COUNTY COURT, 1865 TO 18G9. David Gillespie, ceunty judge, Edmond D. Keirsey and 1 Anthony Suppiger, associates; C. W. Dimmock, clerk. 1 The times succeeding the war have always been considered I very prosperous, the land was flooded with currency and j all expenditures, public and private, increased perceptibly. ] * Mr. Eaton resigned in 1S67, and was succeeded by \V. J. Rose- berry. Ro.seberry died during his term, and Joseph W. Van Cleve was appointed to fill the vacancy. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 173 The tax levies of Madison county were as f)llows: in 1866, «39,693.1»G; in 1867. $73,599 96; in 1868, $72,709 35, and in 1869,881,841,32. These amounts did not suffice to meet the current ex- penses of the county. Temporary loans made at various times to save the county from losses apprehended by a de- preciation of county orders, became a permanent debt. At the end of this administration, December 6, 1869, the in- terest-bearing debt of the county was as follows : Old interest bearing co. orders of 1843. ... $ 915 ."lO Court-house bonds, 1856, balance 26,.346 35 Bounty bonds of 1865, balance 4,O0U 00 *Promissory notes for temporary loans made to meet cur- rent expenses of the county 22,604 59 *David Gillespie at various times pledged his personal credit to keep county orders at par, wliich they had never been before and maintained them at par during his ad- ministration. When settling hi.s fiscal agency in 1870, the county was found indebted to David Gillespie to the amount of over ^3,000 for moneys advanced by him. Upper Alton, Roelv Road purchase. . . . . § 4,-500 00 Jail bonds issued 33,000 00 ?91,366 44 From which deduct jail bonds turned over to the succeed- ing administration, leaving the bonded debt. . . 591,366 44 Less . . . 33,000 00 Leaving absolute indebtedness v'.58,366 44 The county had been at very great expense in building bridges and raadj. A new jail had to bs erected. The order in reference to the building of this jail is as follows : It is ordered by the county court that a new jail be erected at a cost not to exceed the sum of §30,000 on such lot of ground as may be determined by the agent appointed for that pur- pose, due regard being had to the best interest of the county. And it is further ordered by the court that David Gillespie, county judge, be and he is hereby appointed agent for the county to make contract for the purchase of ground to be selected by him for the location of said jail, and also to con- tract for plans, specifications and the building of said jail, and to have a general superintendence in the construction of the same, and have power and authority to mike all contracts in the building thereof Thesaid agent to determine theloca- tion of said jail and also the place and specification for the building and to make all necessary deeds to the county for the ground purchased and to make all necessary contracts and arrangements for raising the necessary funds under an act of the legislature ofthe state of Illinois, approved February 'l-d, 1867, authorizing the county court of JIadison county to issue $50,000 bonds for the erection of a jail for said county. During the preceding administration it had become neces- sary to erect proper buildings for the increasing number of helpless paupers. An order of court had, however, provi- ded for the necessar}' funds for tiiis purpose, which were to be obtained from the sale of swamp lands belonging to Madison county. A few words in reference to these lands \\\\\ here be in proper place. County Swamp Lands. — Under acts of Congress, ap- proved September 28, 1850, and June 22, 1852, Madison county had come in possession of 1480 acres of swamp and overflowed lands, situated in townships 3-9 and 4-9. M. G. Dale had been appointed agent to sell these lands. From his reports and the county treasurer's statements it appears that 840 acres of this land were sold in 1865 and that the county received a net income of $3498.30 from said i-ale. $2,040 of this money had been expended in the erection of the county poor house. The balance on hand December 5, to wit, $1458.30, were ordered by the county judge to be ap- plied in the erection of an addition to the county-poor- house. The balance of the swamp lands, to wit, 640 acres were sold by order of the court in 1873. The amount rea- lized was $1920, vo that the whole amount received by the county for the lauds in question aggregates $5,418.30. It was thought at the time of this last sale that the county had a claim against the federal government for a larger quantity of land, and the authorities of the county entered into a contract with James A. Dickenson and others to prosecute the claims of the county. This contract, made and signed December 11th, 1873, was subsequently declared null and void by the board of county commissioners, and no steps were taken to investigate the merits of the claim. Elections in 1866. — A. W. Metcalf, state senator; John H. Yager and J. F. Alexander, house of representatives; Joseph G. Robinson, sheriff; and W. B. Wright, coroner. Jehu Baker, of St. Clair, was chosen representative to Con- gress from this district ; F. E. Schell, of St. Clair, member state board of equalization. In 1867 Nelson D. Sweeny and T. W. Long, surveyors; W. J. Roseberry, superinten- dent of schools ; and Thomas H. Kennedy, assessor and treasurer. 1868 : Willard C. Flagg, state senator, and Daniel Kerr and Samuel H. Challis, members of the house! L. W. Moore, sheriff; Jonathan Quarton, coroner; H. H. Kuhlenbeck, clerk of the circuit court, and C. W. Dim- mock, Jr., county clerk to fill vacancy; Irwin B. Randle, member state board of equalization ; and J. B. Hay of Belle- ville, member of Congress. 1869 : Win. T. Brown, coun- ty jud^'e ; George R. Stocker and Henry C. Gerke, associ- ates; B. E. Hoffman, county clerk; John Weaver, school superintendent, and Thomas H. Kennedy, treasurer. SIXTH COUNTY COURT, 1869 TO 1874. Win. T. Brown, judge; George R. Stocker and Henry C. Gerke, a.ssociate justices. This adrainistrati)n has frequently been critized for its measures of introducing a system of e.vpensive internal iiu. provements. The flush times induced the people at first not only to look upon lavish expenditures with indifference, but even to urge the court to make greater and more expensive improvements. Petitions, signed by the heaviest tax payers poured in, asking for the building of bridges, the purclia.sing of plank roads, the making of rock roads, etc, etc. Incor- porated towns solicited and obtained aid in constructing ex- pensive roads, planked and rocked, leading to and through their incorporated limits. When told by the authorities that there were no funds for such appropriations the ans«er was almost invariably: "Let future generations help to pay " — a cry so often h»ard when an incredibly huge na- 174 HISTORY OF MADISOJ^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tional debt was created in an incredibly brief space of time — there is a plenty of money to be had, go and " borrow! " The very first act of the court was to make a temporary loan. The expenditures of the first year exceeded the revenue nearly S60,000, although the tax levy of the year 1870, to wit : $86,034.50, Wii over §4,000 higher than ever before. The people in the southeast part of the county, the frugal and vigilant natives of the Swiss Republic showed signs of uneasiness at this state of afl!liirs as early as December, 1870. They remonstrated in a respectful but decided manner against the system of creating a large and permanent debt. The signers of the remonstrance were invited to attend court^ and have an explanation. Louis Vnllirt, John Balsiger and C. P. Chipron were the only ones to answer this invita- tion, which had more the appearance of a summons. The re" cords of March 14th, 1871, contain the following entry: " Whereas, a remonstrance has been presented against the action of the county court, and said parties having been duly notified, that the same will be heard this day : L. Vul- lirt, John Balsiger and C. P. Chipron, three of the parties appeared in court, and said remonstrance was duly and fully considered, and the court having shown that there were no good reasons for complaint really existing, as said parties in person and by letter admitted, the said remonstrance is laid on the table indefinitely." Petitions, numerously signed, praying for a vote on the adoption of township organization, were presented from year to year, but the measure was in each case defeated by large majorities, showing that the court enjoyed the confidence of the people, and that its actions were endorsed. Good roads and safe and substantial bridges were highly appreciated, and the more so, as there was no increase in the tax rate. The values of lands and other property were constantly in- creasing, and the higher prices obtained for all agricultural productions, led many tax payers to forget that those many so-called temporary loans would mature andhave to be met. Speaking of the constant enhancement of values, it is proper to state that the taxable property of the county was assessed in 1873, as $24,981,571, nearly three times as much as in 186.3— to wit: $^,390,41 1.00. The lands of the county were assessed at $13,052,816; the town and city property at |5,11 2,954 ; personal property at §3,407,383; and railroad property at 83,408,418. The taxes were as follows: State, $89,9.33.65; county, $137,398. G3 ; city and town, $77,373.42 ; district school tax, $94,948. 90; road tax, $24 981.57, or §424,636.17 in the aggregate. This was an enormous tax for a population of scarcely 45, 000 inhabitants ; $9.00 per capita ! Lavish as were the expenditures in reference to the im- provements, they might still be considered moderate in com- parison with the extravagant pauper expenses, which in 1873, reached the enormous amount of $42,000 ! The oft repeated orders in reference to borrowing certain limited amounts of money, were now followed by a more dangerous and wholly arbitrary one of December 14, 1872: " Ordered by the county court, that upon any person pre- senting to W. T. Brown, county judge, who is appointed agent of the county in the premises, orders of Madison coun- ty, to the amount of five hundred dollars or upwards, the said county judge, as agent of the county, is authorized to issue to the holder of orders, county bonds in lieu thereof, with teii per cent, interest per annum, payable semiannually, and said bonds to run for such period of time not to exceed ten years, as may be deemed advisable by said agent." This was a dangerous order. It opened the flood gates to financial ruin ; there was no limit any longer ; millions of dollars might have been borrowed under it. And yet, this '' order" was not original with the court. Turning back a few pages in this chapter, to 1843 and 1844, the reader will find a funding order, in substance and bearing the same as the one above. Judge Brown had been county clerk during that period, and some of these funded orders or bonds of 1843, made out by him when clerk, were presented for pay- ment and paid during his administration as judge. The tax levies during this period were as follows: in 1870, *86,034.50; in 1871, $10.5,0.57.00; in 1872, $130, 287.35 ; and in 1873, 162,380.20. The taxes were not as closely collected as in former years. Some taxpayers fell behind, and these delinquencies, amounting to only $2,302 32, in 1869, reached their height in 1876, when they amounted to $161,104.26; $54 691.75 of which, were due to Madison county, as part of the county levies of prior years. In speaking of the county debt and " bewailing" its magni- tude, this item of delinquent taxes has never been mentioned. The current expenditures of the county, together with accrued interest of county debt amounted in these four years to $776,447.58. The gross receipts from tax levies, grocery licenses, sale of .swamp-lands and all other sources amounted to $462,734.51 and $il4.23l.l07 were raised by loans. The interest bearing debt of Madison county, was now — 1874 $485,460.17 to wit: Old coiirthouse bonds ?26.000 Jail bonds $50,000 Bonds issued in payment of prior debts, and temporary loans made during this term ?314.934.28 Notes and interest bearing county orders 21.401.44 S412.33.3.72 From whicli are to be deducted interest bearing assets . 6.87.J..55 §40o.4Gal7 It should here be stated that a large number of county orders and unadjusted claims amounting in the aggregate to nearly ."jO 000 formed a heavy floating debt — March 1, 1874. The tax levy for the current year, to wit: $148 280- 98 was then in process of collection, and as not a dollar of it had been expended or paid into the treasury at that date, the above mentioned floating debt of $50,003 is not, nor ought it to be made part of the exhibit of the county in- debtedn ss, and further it should be stated here, that, on a later day, the administrators of the estate of Wm. T. Brown deceased, paid $19. 975.83 of the assets of his estate into the county treasury in payments of a judgment of nearly $49.- 000 obtained by the county against the late W. T. Brown. This amount was afterwards applied towards paying otf a part of the county debt. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. The death of Judge Brown was one of the saddest events in the county history. In making himself the financial agent of the county, and, in a measure the superintendent of public improvements also, he added so many labors to his official duties as county Judge, that he broke down under the load. The very fact, that his financial agency was out of place and had forced him into a false position, weighed heavy on his mind, clouding an intellect as bright and bril- liant as but few mortal are blessed with. Whoever has seen our lamented judge in the last days of his life, tottering under that load of fearful responsibility will ever remember with grief and sorrow that picture of hopelessness and de- spair. All know how he put an end to his troubles and sorrows. Judge J. G. Irwin, his successor in office, caused the following entry to be made in the records of the probate court of April 1874. As a token of respect to the memory to AViiliara Taylor Brown, late judge of this court who departed this life on the 2.1. of Jlarch 1874, his successor in office has caused to be spread upon the pages of ihU record, the follow- ing brief outline of the career of the deceased as a public man. " He was born April 26, 1817. The whole period of his manhood save an interim of seven years was spent in tiie public service of the people of Madison county, from 1837 to iSoC he held the office of clerk of the circuit court, and during the first ten years of that period als'i discharged the duties of clerk of the county court. In 1858 he was elected sheriff and filled this office for one term of two years. In 1864 he was again elected clerk of the circuit court in which position he served until autumn 1868. In November 1869 he was elected Judge of this court, and continued to serve the people in that capacity until his death, having been re- elected in November 1873 for a second terra." These facts are the best testimonials of the esteem in which the deceased was held as a public officer. His has been a career of honor and success unparalleled in the lives of the public men of this county. Although possessed of many public and private virtues, the chief orna- ment of his character was his generosity and charity. He was incapable of saying " No " in the presence of want and misery and his charity regarded neither creed, race, nor col- or. If the earnest and sincere prayers of the poor of this earth may smooth the pathway of the traveler on his jour- ney from this world to the bourne from whence no traveler returns, let us trust and believe that his has been a happy exit. The authorities of the county being of the opinion that the large amounts of monej' borrowed by the late Judge Brown, had not all been satisfactorily accounted for, made a proposition to the administrators of his estate to effect a speedy and amicable settlement. They appointed a com- mittee of investigation, composed of the Hon. A. W. Met- calf, and Jlessrs. Cyrus Leverett and Otto Brodtbeck, to act \\ith the administrators in examining persons and papers with a view of settling the atiliirs without going to court. The administrators declined to enter into the proposed ar- rangement, preferring to have the claim of the county, if one really existed, adjusted before the probate court. The county employed Hon. A. W. Metcalf, as attorney, while Messrs. Krome and Hadley appeared for the estate. The trial ended in a judgment against the estate, as mentioned above. Election— 1869 to 1873. At a special election heM for the purpose of electing two delegates to the constitutional convention — 16th representative district — Madison and Bond counties; C. F. Springer, of Edwardsville, a republican, and H. W. Billings, of Alton, a democrat, were chosen. 1870. — House of representatives : D B. Gil'ham, A. F- Rogers and Theodore Miller. Sheriff, R. W. Crawf ird, and coroner, T. J. Irish. 1871.— Treasurer, T. H. Ken- nedy; surveyor, N. D. Sweeny. 1872.— State senate, J. H. Yager ; house : Henry Weinheimer, B. R. Hite and Thomas T. Ramey ; sheriff", J. T. Cooper; clerk of the circuit court, John D. Heisel ; county attorney, E. B. Glass, and coroner, W. H. Greipenberg. 1873. — AV. T. Brown, county judge ; B. E. Ilofl^man, county clerk ; T. H. Kennedy, treasurer; A. A. Suppiger, school superintendent; N. D. Sweeny, surveyor : W. E. AVheeler, W. W. Jarvis and T. W. Kin- der were elected county commissioners. The former system of county government, the so-called county court, was abolished by the new constitution, sub- stituting a formerly tried system of county commissioners, with a three years' tenure of office for members elected after the year' 1873. Those elected in 1873 had to draw lots fir respective terms of one, two and three years. Owing to an imperfection in the law, introducing the system, the com- missioners ciuld not take charge of public affairs until January 24th, 1874. BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS, JANUARY 24, 1874 TO APRIL, 1876. First Year. — W. E. Wheeler, chairman ; W. W. Jarvis and T. W. Kinder, members. This board took charge of the county affairs under very unfavorable circumstances. The finances of the county were in confusion, and a large interest bearing debt made the semi-annual payment of interest a heav}' burden. Besides, there were county orders and unadjusted claims amounting to nearly fifty thousand dollars to be met, with not a dollar of available funds in the treasury. The tax books for the year were in the hands of the collector, but no effort at collection had been made. The law provided for the c llection of the revenue in the first quarter of the year, but usage had made the third quarter of the year the tax gathering quarter for Madison county. The great commercial crisis of 1873 began to be severely felt in the west about this time, and at last, the railroad companies combined to have the tax collectors en- joined from collecting all taxes levied on railroad proj)erty. The prospect was gloomy, but the members of the board proved equal to the task allotted to them. Firmly resolved, not to allow the public debt to be increased another dollar; the board set to work to ascertain in the first place, what the net revenue for the year would amount to. All san- guine views were banished and stern reality bravely met. It was resolved that the expenditures of the county should be kept within the revenues derived from taxation, and this 176 HISTORY OF HAD IS 01^ COUNTY, II LINO IS. resolution was rigidly adhered to. A number of county bonds were maturing during the year, and of course, they could not be paid out of a crippled revenue. The board, however, succeeded in protecting the credit of the county by finding purchasers of the bonds, and at lower rates of iinterest at that. The heavy and unheard-of pauper expenses were reduced to a minimum, despite bitter words and rude threats. The new order of things did by no means please all, and, in some instances, it became necessary that the firmness of mind was aided by strength of muscle and pluck. The current expenses of the county, exclusive of interest, during the year, amounted to §89,088.45. The interest piid during the year amounted to $30,1)2.5.04. The second county board, with T. W. Kinder as chairman, and R. W. Crawford as new member, conducted the affairs pretty much on the same plan and with similar success. The current expenses of the county during the year 1875 amounted to §90,987.62. The tax levy of the year was $115,531.85. The voters of the county adopted township organization at the November election, 1875. John Bardill, who had been elected member of the board as successor to W. W. .Tarvis, served from December 1, 1875, to April, 1876, when the county commissioners board was superseded by the board of supervisors. The districting of the county under the new order of things, was an easy task, — the congressional townships in all but one instance, forming non-political corporations named as follows : Town 3 Range -5 Helvetia. Town ." Range 8 Colhnsrille. " 4 " .S Edwarc-lsville. " .5 " 8 Fort Russell. " 6 " 8 Moro. " 3 '' 9 Nameoki. " 4 " 9 1 « 4 '1 in ■ tJiioiiteaii. '' 6 " 9 Wood river. '' C " 9 Fo.^terburg. " 3 " 10 V'enice. " 5 " 10 .\lton. '' G " 10 Godfrey. The first board was composed of John A. Prlckett, of Ed- wardsville, chairman, 1876 and 1877: H. M. Thorp, Hel- vetia ; Jones Tontz, Saline ; Daniel Ruedy, Leef; Andrew Jackson, New Douglas; F. S. Pike, St. Jacobs; J. L. Fer- guson, Marine; R. D. Utiger, Alhambra; James Olive, Olive — chairman in 1879; Ignatius Riggin, Jarvis ; J. B. McKee, Fin Oak ; W. A. Mize, Hamel ; James Kell, Oraph Ghent ; B. R Hite, Collinsville (chairman 1880-82) ; J. B. Gibson, Fort Russell ; E. K Preuitt, Moro ; Philip Bradon, Nameoki (T. J. Irish, of Nameoki, was chairman in 1878); Amos Atkins, Chouteau ; S. B. Gillham, Wood river (chairman in 1'81); Edmund Dooling, Fosterburg ; R.J. Brown, Venice ; Henry C Sweetzer, Ed. Woodman, J. M. Tonsor, and C. A. Herb, Alton ; and John ]M. Pearson, of Godfrey. This board found the financial affairs of the county in a lietter shape than the first board of county commissioners had found them in 1874. Other diflicuUie.«, however, had meanwhile arisen between the county commissioners and the 4 " 5 Saline. h " 5 Leef. () " .5 New Douglas 3 " 6 St. Jacobs. 4 " 6 Marine. 5 " C Alliambra. () " ti Olive. 3 " 7 .Tarvis. 4 " 7 Pin Oak. r> " 7 Hamel. 6 " 7 Omph Ghent. collector, whose office had been declared " vacant " by a majority of the commissioners. This order had no other effect but to delay the collection of the much needed revenue, thus compelling the new board of supervisors to begin its official life with another " whereas," and an order to borrow $19,000 to meet the payment of interest of the county debt due June 10, 1876. Before the expiration of the first year the board ordered to have a vote taken on the question : " Shall the present interest bearing debt be refunded, and will the people con- sent to the issuing of $400,000 of 6 per cent, interest bearing bonds to replace existing 10 per cent, and 8 per cent, bonds ?" The legality of the bonds issued by former authorities, was questionable and as the new or prosiiective bonds would be legalized beyond per adventure by an affir- mative vote of the people, it was hoped that the county debt could be refunded at a much lower rate. The voters of Madison county bore witness by a decided majority, that they looked upon the county debt, as just and again endors- ed by an affirmative vote, to approve the measures taken by their representatives in office. The board immediately re- solved to have the financial transactions of the county authorities from December 6, 1869 to April 24, 1876 over- hauled, and a committee of five members, to wit: John B- Gibson, chairman, B. R. Hite H. M. Thorp, S. B. Gillham and J. A. Prickett appointed, to investigate the matter. This committee called Hon. A. W. Metcalf and Hon. J. G. Irwiu to their assistance and after a laborous and search- ing investigation, lasting many days an! weeks reported in substance, that all outstanding bonds of the county were issued for a valuable consideration. That all moneys raided by taxation, by loans and from other sources during that period of time amounted to $1,18=!,512.12, and that the dis- bursements, properly authenticated, together with the amounts of judgments recovered against the financial agent and the county treasurer amounted to $1,188,512 14 or two cents more than the receipts. — ■ This report was published in phamphlet form and freely distributed over the county, as well as spread on the county records at length; — hence it is deemed superfluous to re- peat said report in full. The interest bearing debt of the county, subject to be called in and converted into 6 per cent, bonds, amounted, according to the report of the clerk, June 5, 1877 to $392,- 500. The condition of the treasury was such, that the board felt justified in ordering the payment of §7,500 in money, leaving $385,000 to be refunded. This then was the debt of the county in 1877. The reduction $20,000 of interest bearing bonds, and $50,000 unpaid claims and county orders, $70,000 in the aggregate, had been efiected without resorting to special tax levies. The amount of money re- ceived from the estate of William T. Brown, to wit: $19,975.83 and §22,743.79, back taxes collected under the new system, making a snug total of $41,719.62, have mate- rially aided in the reduction, but the prudent economy ot the board should be credited with the balance of said re- duction. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 177 The county debt at present, June 1, 1882, amounts to 8316,000, witii balance of 846,589.28 cash in the treasury. The present financial system of the county was inaugurated by the fir.-t board of County Commissioners, and it is but just to state that the presiding ofBcer of the board, with whom the plan of reform had matured before entering upon the duties of his oflSce, was ably and earnestly supported by his colleagues. The succeeding boards have strictly adhered to the plan which, after all, maybe couched in the brief expression , " Live within your income." The tax levies since adoption of township organization have been S15o,628.27 in 1«76; 8137,058.88 in 1877; 8151,714.90 in 1878; 8151,654.58 in 1879 ; 8137,902.95 in 1880, and 8122,300.33 in 1881. The current expenses of the county, including disburse- ments made by township officers on account of roads, bridges, assessments and elections, and exclusive of interests paid or bonds redeemed, appear to have been as follows : 1876 ?90,60".08 1877 91,194.75 1878 106,769.20 1879 96,911.28 1880 87,098.15 The disbursements made by the county direct in 1880 were as follows : Court of assessment and tax books Panpers \ ^""^^ ^"'"^ 96,f>oOM 82.609.86 } I Sll supported elsewhere 8,221 2.5 $lo, Courts and jurors 6, Elections 1 Jail and dieting prisoners 2, Stationery 2 Court-house 2 Inquests Roads Inspection of mines Salaries of county officers ' Sundry expenditures Yag;pr, and coroner, C. S. Yourie A constitutional amend- ment adopted in 1880, changed the tenure of office of sheriff and treasurer, and also the years of holding elections for other county officers, hence no election took place in 1881, the judge, clerk and treasurer holding over one year, and the superintendent being reappointed by the board of super- visors. ADDENDA. The census of 1880 fixes the population of the county at 50,141 ; and the agricultural statistics made by the town- ship assessors for the same year give us the following reports. The figures are, as a matter of course, not absolutely cor- rect, but may safely be taken as a criterion of the rich agri- cultural resources of the county. According to reports we find : 8;5,-',0O 130 7.50 14,1 -50 6,.580 112 40 1,160 14 .500 3,150 3,.'530 2,900 1 410 Total 143 272.23 The interest matured and paid during the yearamounted to §23,615.00. Elections 1S74, State senator, W. H. Krome ; House of Representatives, F. S. Pike, G. H. Weigler and George A. Smith; Sherifl", J. T. Cooper, and coroner J. A. Miller, 1875. Hugh E. Bayle trea.surer and AValton Rutledge sur- veyor. 1876. House of Representatives, Samuel A. Buck-''''^ master, F. M. Pearce and John S. Dewey ; sheritf, James T. Cooper ; clerk of the circuit court, John D. Heisel ; states attorney, C L Cook, and coroner C S. Yourie. 1877 ^M. G. Dale, county judge, H. E. Bayle county clerk, Adolph Ruegger, treasurer, B. F. Sippy, school superintendent and W. Rutledge, surveyor. 1878. State senator, A. J. Parkin- son; House of Representatives, W. R. Prickett, J. M. Pearson, and John S. Dewey ; sheriff, James T. Cooper and coroner, C. S. Yourie. 1879. A. Ruegger, treasurer. 1880. House of Representatives, Henry (). Billings, John M. Pearson and Jones Tontz ; sheriff, J. T. Fahnestock ; clerk of the circuit court, William Daech ; states attorney, J. H. 23 acres of corn, producing 2,752,100 bushels. " " wheat, " 3,374,300 bushels. " " oats, " 261,000 busliels. " " apple orchard, producing 190,250 bushels of apples. " " peach " producing 1,480 *' of peaches. " " pear " producing 38 " of pears. " " vineyard producing 146,000 gallons of wine. '' " timothy meadow producing 15,350 tons of hay. " " clover " '' 2.7-50 tons of hay. " '' prairie " " 4,300 tons of hiiy. " " Hungarian and millet producing 2,580 tons of hay. " '' rye produciag 19,600 bushels. " •' buckwheat producing 180 bushels. " '' Irish potatoes producing 490.000 bushels. '' " Sweet potatoes " 7,200 bushels. " " broom corn producing 580,000 pounds. " " sorgho producing 20,000 gallons of syrup. '' '' turnip producing $5,000. " '' fruits and berries producing ? 1 5,000. " " other crops. '' " pasture. " '' wood land. " " uncultivated land. One hundred sheep killed by dogs, valued at 8450.00, 111 pounds of wool shorn, 2,400 sheep sold, weighing 264,000 pounds, 6,750 cows kept, 20-',500 pounds of butter sold, 31,70) pounds of cheese, and 5,200 gallons of cream, 637,000 gallon of milk sold, 750 colts foaled, 300 horses died, 1,6 lO fat cattle weighing 1,763,000 pounds sold, 21,05;) fat hogs, weighing 4,210,000, sold, 1,300 hogs died of cholera, 131,400 pounds in weight; 3,920,000 pounds of grapes produced. Statistics in reference to births and deaths in the county are omitted, because the reports are incomplete, and statis- tics based on such reports would, of course, be wholly worth- less. The county records show that 13,040 marriages were solemnized in the county since 1812. . The county of Madison was represented in the state senate after the adoption of Jie constitution of 1846, under the name of 6th senatorial district by Joseph Gillespie from 1848 to 1858. Under the apportionment of 1854 Madison, Bond and Montgomery counties formed the 21st senatorial district, and were represented by Samuel A. Buckma.ster fro.J 1858 to 1862. The apportionment of 1861 formed the 6th sena- torial district out of Madison and St. Clair counties. This 178 BIS TOBY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Sth district was represented by W. H. Underwood of St. Clair from 1862 to 1864, by A. W. Metcalf of Madison, from 1864 to 1868, by Willard C. Flagg of Madison, from 1868 to 1872, and W. H. Underwood. Since 1872 Madison county has formed the 41st senatorial district, and was represented by Senators John H. Yager 1872 to 1874, W. H. Krome 1874 to 1878, and by A. J. Parkinson from 1878 to 1882. The county being designated the 20th representative district, from 1848 to 1854, was represented by Edward Keating and Curtis Blakeman, 1850, by Andrew Miller and N. G Edwards; the latter resigned during his term, Samuel A. Buckniaster fil'ing vacancy 1850 to 1852; by Samuel A. Bui^kniaster and Thomas Judy 1852 to 1854; and £s the 14th representative district 1851 to 1862 by G.T.Allen and Henry T. Baker 1854 to 1856; Lewis Ricks and Aaron P.Mason 1856 to 1^58; Z B. Job and Joseph H. Sloss from 1858 to 1860; and Cyrus Edwards and Garrett Crown- over 1860 to 1862. In 1862 Madison and Bond counties formed the 16th lepresentative district, and were represeiited in the 23d General Assembly by Samuel A. I'luckmaster and N. Watkins from 1862 to 1864; Buckmaster was elected speaker of the House of Representatives and became famous for his energetic administration. The civil war was raging and passions ran high. On one occasion Buckmaster cried out: "I'll have order in this hou.'^e, even if I should use a shot gun for a gavel ! " The very man, who caused Buckmaster to burst out in this exclamation of wrath, was Speaker of the house at a later period, and was then very much in need ot a Gatlin gun or " Mitrailleuse" to preserve order against the very element, which he represented in 1862. By Julius A. Barnsback and Ilirani Dresser from 1864 to 1866; by John H. Yager and Jediah F. Alexander from 1866 to 1868, and by Daniel Kerr and Samuel H. Challis from 1868 to 1870. From 1870 to 1872 Madison county formed the 26th representative district with Daniel B. Gillhara, A. F. Rodgers and Theodore Miller as members, and since 1872 the county has formed the 41st district, and was represented by Henry Weinheimer, B. R. Hite, and T. T. Ramey from 1872 to 1874 ; by Franklin S. Pike, George H "Weigler and George A. Smith, from 1874 to 1876; by Samuel A. Buckmaster, F. M. Pearce and J. S. Dewey from 1876 to 1878 ; by W. R. Prickett, J. M. Pearson and J. S. Dewey from 1878 to 1880; and by H. O. Billings, Jones Tontz and J. M. Pearson from 1880 to 1882. In the constitutional convention of 1862 the county was represented by Samuel A. Buckmaster and Solomon Koepfli. The constitution proposed by this convention was rejected by the people at an election held June 17, 1862. The county was represented in the convention of 1870 by Charles F. Springer and Henry W. Billings. I. B. Randle represented the county in the state board of equalization from 1868 to 1872; George Hunter of Macoupin, from 1872 to 1876; Frederick Sunckel of St. Clair, from 1876 to 1880, and John E. Coppinger of Alton, since 1880. Among the state officers during this period, 1849 to 1882, there is not one Madison county name to to be found. The county was represented as part of the Ist congres- sional district of Illinois from 1849 to 1855; by Hon. W. H. Bissell of St. Clair, as part of the 8th district by Lyman Trumbull, and after his election to the U. S. Senate, by J. L. D Morrison of Belleville from 1855 to 1857; by Hon. Robert Smith of Alton, from 1857 to 1859; by P. B. Fouke of Belleville, from 1859 to 1863; as part of the 12th district by W. R. Morrison of Monroe, from 1863 to 1865; by Jehu Baker of St. Clair, from 1865 to 1869 ; by J. B. Hay of Belleville, from 1869 to 1873, and as part ol the 17th congressional district by W. R. Morrison of Monroe, since 1873. ■The state legislature of 1882, rearranged the congression- al districts of the state, and Madison county together with the counties of St Clair, Bond, Washington and Monroe forms now the 18th congressional district of the state of Illinois. The Presidential Electors, chosen for the congressional district of which Madison county formed a part, were the following: Michael Jones, 1820; A. P. Field, 1824; John Taylor, 1828; Abner Black, 183- ; (Daniel Stookey seems to have cast the vote for Mr. Black) John Pearson, 1840 ; Willis Allen, 1844; William Martin, 1848; John A. Mc- Clernand, 1852; W. A. J. Sparks, 1856; Thomas G. Allen, 1860; H. S. Baker, 1864; Charles F. Springer, 1868; John I. Rinaker, 1872 ; Cyrus Happy, 1876 ; and W. T. Mortou, 1880. CIRCUIT COURT NOTES, 1 849 TO 1855. Hon. W. H. Underwood, presiding — At this term 52 in- dictments for larceny were returned into court, resulting in 22 convictions, aggregating 77 years, 4 months penitentiary, 2 for arson, 1 conviction, John Sullivan, 2 years ; 3 fur forgery, no conviction ; 1 for bigamy, not convicted ; 2 for pasing counterfeit money, both James Ryan and Henry Hughes, convicted and sent to penitentiary 1 and 5 years respectively ; 1 for libel, no conviction ; 3 for murder, John Schnagler, convicted of manslaughter and sentenced for two years ; 5 for manslaughter, 1 conviction, pardoned by Gov- ernor ; and 1 for rape, not tried. 1855 TO 1857. Hon. Sidney Breese, presiding, W. H.Snyder, prosecuting attorney. — Hon. S Breese presided over three terms, during which 32 cases of larceny, 3 of passing counterfeit money, 6 of illegal voting, 3 of murder and 1 of swindling were placed on the criminal docket. 11 persons were tried and found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to the state penitentiary for 24 years and 4 months in the aggregate. William Mitehen, indicted for murder, was convicted of manslaughter and sent to the penitentiary for one year. 1857 to 1861. Hon. W. H. Snyder on the bench. P. B. Fouke, Spencer M. Case, A. W. Me calf and J. B. Hay, State attorneys. The number of criminal cases placed on the docket dur- ing the eight terms presided over by Hon. W. H. Snyder was enormouly great. There were 77 cases of larceny, 5 of manslaughter, 1 of arson, 1 of rape and 11 of murder. ■ 6 persons were convicted of larceny, and their penalty fixed at HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 179 90 years and 6 months penal servitude in the aggregate. A rapist was sent up for five years: Johann Ludwig Friister, Fred. Welner were sentenced three and five years respec- tively, for manslaughter ; E. Aldred, indicted for murder, ob- tained a change of venue to Bond county ; and Peter Han- son was found guilty of arson and sent up for seven years. The trial of George Gibson, Edward Barber and Joseph Watson, for the murder of one Barth a peddler and resi- dent of the county, created the most intense excitement throughout the county. These men were indicted on the IGth of May, 1857, by the following grand jurors, to wit: Fred. T Kraf}"(, foreman, James L. McLanahan, James Whiteside, Aaron Rule, Jacob Leder, William McCain, John J. Par- ker, James Kell, Josiah K. Gillhani, Benjamin L. Dorsey, L. S. Wells, Lancaster R. Weeks, John Mason, Collier Brown, John Cox, George Moifitt, G. W. Layman and Jacob B. Cox. The trial commenced on the 21st of May, 1857. The parties were defended by S. T. Sawyer, F. S. Rutherford and John Trible, before the following jury : J. H. Williams, S. W. Tindall, George Hedges, William Sandbach, George G. Wilson, Jacob Preiiitt, Abram Preuitt, Benjamin Heus- tis, Ignatius Sweeriugen, I. B. Randle, William Keirsey and Francis Agnew, who found the defendant.s guilty of murder. One of the murderers, a mere youth, had his death sentence commuted by executive clemency, into penitentiary for life, and was pardoned out during the civil war. He enlisted in the service of the U. S. and served faithfully to the end of the war. It is said that he now resides in St. Louis, and is engaged in business there. The two others endtd their lives on the gallows, which had been erected on the grounds of the county poor farm, south of Edwardsville. The indignation of the people in the eastern part of the county, where the murder was committed and where the poor victim was at home, was very great, and at times it was feared that the murderers would be mobbed. In fact, an organized body, composed of five hundred men, headed by Savage and Smiley — a strange combination of names — all mounted, appeared in the streets of Edwardsville a few days after the murderers had been jailed, with the avowed pur- pose of taking the prisoners from jail and hanging them at the very place where Barth had been so foully murdered. Z. B. Job, then sherifi' of the county, aided by all the prominent men of Edwardsville, succeeded in quieting the mob The late John S. Wheeler, as plucky as strong, and Z B. Job, tore the leaders from their horses and secured their persons. Speeches were made by Hon. Joseph Gilles- ))ie, the late F. T. KrafJl and the late Solomon Koepfli, of Highland, to quiet the infuriated masses. The latter, having learned what was contemplated, hastened to Edwardsville to give the alarm. The authorities of the county sent to Alton, requiring the two Alton Guards to come to Edwards- ville at once. This summons was promptly obeyed, and while they remained in charge of the prison for about 10 days, the citizens of Edwardsville organized a military com- pany, officered by J. H. Sloss, captain, and J. G. Robinson, lieutenant. This company acted as guard and police on the day of the execution. The town was thronged with thous- ands of people from all parts of the county, who had como to attend the " hanging." The sheriff, one of the most kind-hearted men of the day, performed the dreadful duty of an execution with firmness, but when he struck and cut the rope which held the plat- form in position, he sank to the ground from sheer emotion. 1861 TO 1873. Hon Joseph Gillespie on the bench, J. B. Hay, Joseph D. Manners, R. A. Halbert and E. Breese Glass prosecu- ting attorneys. This period excelled all previous and all subsequent terms in the number of murder cases, some of which may be traced to the violent passions pre- valent during the civil war, while a majority of them were the out-cropping of depravity. There were twenty- four murder cases and eight of manslaughter placed on the criminal docket of the circuit court; other crime.", principally against property, were also very numerous. Seventy five persons were sent to the penitentiary for larce- ny, burglary, and robbery, their penal servitude aggregating -ol years; two dealers in counterfeit money received four years each, one rapist ten years, one forger one year and one arson one year. Murder and manslaughter cases resulting in convictions. William Rounds, sentenced for life, October term, 1863. Albert Rose, convicted of manslaughter, sen- tenced for fifteen years. Rose had killed one Samuel Legett, November 28, 1864. George Harrison, manslaughter, six years Harrison had killed John Newton in a fight by stabbing him with a knife, Dtc. 2, 1866. Ht nry Margraf, murderer, life sentence. The murder committed by Margraf was one of the most atrocious crimes on record in the coun- ty. He lived as a farm hand with Christian Wrisse, enjoy- ing the confidence of his employer to such a degree that he, in cases of absence of the family, was left in full control of the house and every thing in it. Once again left there, with no one except little Henry, a son of Mr. Wrisse, he robbed the house, choked the poor child to death in a horrible man- ner, secreted the body of his victim on the premises by covering it up with two bags of wheat, and fled. The ter- rible crime was soon discovered and Margraf arrested. He was put ujjon his trial in May, 1S69, and taking advantage of a statutory proviso — that the death penalty could not be V. sited on a murderer upon a plea of guilty — plead guilty. His Honor, in sentencing him for life, expressed his regrets, that he could not have sent the monster to the gallows, which he had deserved so much. Margraf is still in the penitentiary, but very recently had the audacity to ask residents of the county to sign a petition for his pardon. AVilliam Bell, accused of the murder of Hermann Wendell by shooting, Nov. 1, 1X68, was at the May term, 1869 indicted for murder by the following grand jury. H. K. Eaton foreman, Leander McLean, Hilley T. King, Malachi A. Kline, Lewis Ricks, Anthony Beck, C. P. Richmond, David Rinderer, Xavier Suter, Frank J. Haag, Joseph G. Robinson, Alonzo Foster, Jacob W. Terrv, .lohn Suppiger, Edward Ellifl!', Charles Edwards, John H. Kuhlen- bcck, Samuel Cough, William Bond, Wesley Reaves and George L. Whaling. 180 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. He was tried at the October term 1S69 — before the fol- lowing jury , William Jagemau, William McNeilly, Thomas Hogg, A. Cowan, Jr., T. M. Tartt, Sidney Robinson, Samuel McKin- ny, James N. Sandbach, J. W. Scarborough, O. D. Oberlin. Jacob Deck and William E. Lehr, who gave the following verdict: " We the jury find the defendant guilty and re- commend the death penalty" — Oetober 19, 1869. Bell was sentenced on the following day and executed on the r2lh of November A. P. 1869 at the old jail iu Edwardsviile George Matthews, indicted for murder at the October term 1871, plead guilty of manslaughter and was sentenced to one year penitentiary. George Gropp was indicted at the same term, and tried in October 1872. He was found guilty of manslaughter, and sent to penitentiary for a term of six years. Gropp, who was keeping saloon, " had shot and killed a guest," jNIichael Loughliu, iu 1869. Executive clemency shortened his term of penal servitude. William Hiigedick, indicted for an assault with intent to kill, was sentenced to 14 years penitentiary. He had clubbed his wife, and thinking her to be dead, threw her helpless body under the hoofs of his mules, so as to escape suspicion. AVhile iu jail awaiting trial, Hiigedick seemed as unconcern- ed as though he had not done any wrong. His ideas ou the question of woman's rights smacked of barbarian ages. The assassination of President A. Lincoln — April 14, 1865 — caused the grand jury of Madison county to pass the following resolution which was spread on the records of the circuit court of the county, to wit : MADISON COUNTY, CIRCUIT COURT, MAY TERM 1 865. The grand jury came into open court by Edward M. West, their foreman, and presented to the couit risoluticns on the death of Abraham Lincoln, late jiresident of the United States, as follows, to wit : Whereas we have heard by official announcement of the Secretary of War, that Abraham Lincoln, pre.-ident of the United States, was assassinated in Washington City ou the 14th day of April last, therefore : Resolved, by grand jury of Madison county, Illinois, at the ^lay term of the circuit court of said county — that we .deeply deplore the sad event which has has taken from our country iu the prime of life and in the midst of his usefulness Abra- ham Lincoln, president of the United States of America. Resolved, that we cannot express with words our utter ab- horrence of the dark and diabolical deed which has deprived the nation of its chief, and our detestation of the fiendith perpetrators of the crime. Resolved, that while we bow to the mysterious providence of heaven in this national affliction, we feel an increased determination to aid in preserving the union of states and upholding the constitution and flag of our country. Passed unanimously May 4, 1865 : E. M. West, foreman, Wm. Krome, John Baird, Richard Mawdsley, Jacob Mumme, Charles Schoeck, William Jlize, Richard Benbow, William Eaves, Madison Williams, D.iniel S. Sanders, AVm. Frazier, W. J. Ro.seberry. Joshua Woods, Thomas Woods, 0. H. P. R. Spring and Conrad Leseman. 1873 TO 1879. Hon. W. H. Snyder, Judge ; E. B. Glass and Cyrus L. Cook, state attorneys. The transactions of this court are of recent dates, and may be briefly stated as follows : There were fourteen murder cases placed on the criminal docket — James Egan was con- victed of manslaughter, sentenced to one year ; George Bark, on plea of guilty of murder, sentenced for life; Geo. and Lawrence Peipert, indicted for murder obtained a change of venue to St. Clair county ; Walter Pierce, under similar indictment, obtained change of venue to Bond coun- ty, where he was sentenced to penitentiary for life ; Baptist Masa, indicted for fratricide, was tried and found insane. William White was sentenced to a 14-3'ears' term, October, 1879. Besides these there were seventy-eight persons tried and convicted of various felonies. These penalties aggre- gated 183 years in penitentiary. The severest sentence fell upon William Hasemann for incest, who received twenty years and one Charles Meyers, a burglar, who was sen- tenced for 14 years. An act of the legislature in 1877 divided the state into 13 judicial circuits with three judges for each district. Madison county forms a part of the 3d district. The judges elected in June, 1879, are Hon. W. H. Snyder, of Belleville : Hon. Amos Watts, of Nashville; and Hon. G. W. Wall, of Du Quoin. Hon. J. H. Yager, of Alton, is at present county attorney, having succeeded C. L. Cook in 1880. The proceeduigs of the court, during 1879, 80 and 'Si are of too late a date to be mentioned in these pages. PROBATE COURT, 1819 TO 1882. The court was presided over by the late Hon. H. K. Eaton from 1849 to 1857 ; by Hon. M. G. Dale, 1851 to 1865 ; by the l^ite Hon. David Gillespie, from 1865 to 1869; by the late Hon. W. T. Brown, from 1869 to 1874. Browu died March 2d, 1874, in the first quarter of his second term. He was succeeded by Hon. J. G. Irwin, April 1874. Judge Ir- win's seat was successfully contested by Hon. M. G. Dale, wl.o filled the rest of the oflicial term to which Brown had been elected. Hon. M. G- Dale was re-elected in 1877 and is still presiding The number of estates administered on since 1812 IS 4086. Assuming that one out of eyery 7 persons deceased was the head of the family, leaving an estate, we arrive aj the conclusion that about 30,000 weary heads have been laid to rest in this county since 1812. CONCLUSION. The civil history of Madison county commences with the year 1812, and iucludes, therefore, the events of but 70 years. We have endeavored to give a succinct and accu- rate account of these events as they occurred from the day when John G. Loftou, Jacob Whiteside and Thomas Kirkpatrick, ihe pioneer county oflicers, assembled in the log cabin of Kirkpatrick's to "hold court" until to day HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 181 when in 1882 men elected the representatives of 23 town- ships, each of them representing many times the wealth and population of the whole county in 1812, assembled in the stately court-house, to continue the work, bi^gun by the ven- erable men mentioned above. Madison county has pros- pered from the day the first white men built their huts in what they so aptly called " Goshen. " Fifty millions of dol- lars would not suffice to purchase the property owned to- day by the 50,000 inhabitants of the county. Seventy years is but a brief period in the life of nations, and yet how lim- ited is the number of those who have seen the county in its infancy, and have watched its wonderful progress. An Indian trail, here and there, in 1800, an only road from Ed wards ville to Cahokia in 1812, were the means by which the scattered settlements were kept in communication with one another. How great was tiie joy of the.se people, when some ten years later the fir.-nor. Davis and Nelson G. Edwards, formed at one time one of the most successful and popular law firms in the county of Madison. He is now living in the enjoyment of a character of which any ipan may be proud. Charles P. Wise, one of the leading lawyers of this county, is a native of ifaryland, and was born at Emmet^- burg, in that state, in 1839. His education was acquired principally at the University of St. Louis, Missouri, where he pursued the classical course till some time during his junior year, when he left college to prepare for entering the legal profession. He first read law in the office of Levi Davis, Sr. at Alton, during the years 1 858-59 ; his legal studies were further prosecuted at the Albany Law School, from which institution he received his degree of LL B. in 1861. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 19.'; In the same year he was licensed to practice law in the State of New York, also at the bar of Illinois, and in the latter part of the year opened a law office in Alton, where he was soon in successful practice. In 18C8 he formed a partnership with Judge Henry W.Billings; this partnership was dissolved in 1871, and Mr. AA'^ise continued practice by himself from this time till 1880, when he and Levi Davis, Jr., formed a partnership which still exists. He is engaged in a practice which embraces all branches of the bar. He was for two years city attorney and for the same length of time city councilor for the city of Alton. In 1878 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme court of the United States. He is also one of the attorneys for the Chicago and Alton Railroad Company, has a large and lucrative practice, and ranks high as a councillor and practicing attorney. G. M. Cole is a native of Ashtabula county, Ohio ; born in 1834. His early school years were spent in Kingsvillc Academy, in his own native county. About the year 1854, he came west, and during the ne.Kt fifteen years was employed as principal of various graded scliools of Illinois, being a part of the time principal of the Edwardsville schools. In 18()3, under the instruction of George B. Burnett, he began to prepare himself for the practice of law ; was examined in 1864, and admitted to the bar. During the next two years he was a partner of George B. Burnett, his preceptor, since which time he has practiced law by himself From 1873 to 1879 was Master in Chancery of Madison county. Judge John G. Irwin was born in Edwardsville, Illinois, January 2lst, 1842, and passed his boyhood days in the public school of his native town. At the age of twenty- three commenced reading law in the office of Judge David Gillespie, at Edwardsville. In December, 1866, he was examined, and in January following, received license to practice law. Shortly after his admission, he formed a partnership with Hon. A. W. Metcalf, which continued about a year, when he formed a partnership with W. H. Krome, which continued till April, 1874, at which time he was elected county judge, to succeed the late Judge William T. Brown, at a special election held in April, 1874; was de. clared elected by one majority by the board of canvassers. M. G. Dale, one of his competitors, contested his election, upon trial HI the circuit court ; the cojitest was decided in his favor, but upon appeal to the supreme court the judgment of the circuit court was reversed, and Judge Dale declared to have been elected. The only questions involved in the case ■were irregularities, which were the result of mistakes of the judges of election, due to a lack of familiarity with the election law which had been changed shortly before the election. The most important case decided by Judge Irwin was that of Madison county vs. the estate of the late Judge AVilliam T. Brown, and as some difference of opinion was expressed in regard to the matter, we append a brief synopsis of the theory of the decision.* ♦ Tliere was no dispute a.s to the funds he received a.s financial agent of the county. The law cast upon his administration the burden of accounting for the funds so received, and the judgment rendered represents the difTerence between the whole amount he received and 25 Judge Irwin served the county as judge two years, and at the expiration of that time formed a law partnership with Edward C Springer. Jlessrs. Irwin & Springer are engaged in a prosperous general practice of their profession, and the firm is one of the most prompt and reliable in the county. Judge Irwin is justly regarded as a man of pro- found cast of mind, and a deeply read lawyer. He carefully investigates and analyzes every subject or case presented for his consideration, and exhibits his side with remarkable clearness and force. His forte is in his masterly presentation to the court of the legal propositions in his ca.se. In addition, he is known to be actuated by the highest sentiments of honor. Levi Davis, Jr., is a native of Illinois, and was born at Springfield, Xov. 2, 1842. He received a thorough com- mon school education in the public school of Alton and afterward pursued a course of collegiate study at the Uni- versity of St. Louis, Mo. Being thus prepared for profes- sional study he began to read law in the office of his father at Alton, in 1865, and after studying there one year entered the Albany Law School at Albany, N. Y. Soon after his graduation from that institution in 18IJ7. he was admitted to the bar of Illinois and opened an office with his father at Alton. He remained associated with the latter till 1871, when he joined the ranks of the profession in St. Louis, where he practiced till 1879, at which time he re- turned to Alton and formed a law partnership with Charles P. Wise, with whom he is still connected under the firm name of Wise & Davis. He has twice been city attorney of Alton ; is a man of ability, and is in every sense a sound and successful lawyer. Captain Anton Neu.stadt, one of the enterprising foreign-born citizens of this county, received his literary education at the University of Prague, subsequently emi- grated to America, and settled in Madison county, Illinois. He studied law under the direction of Gillespie & Springer, and was admitted to the bar in August, 1867. He began the practice of law in Collinsville, where he has since con- tinued to reside, and has been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession. the aggregate amount of credits proved. The proceedings were pending about eighteen months, and every opportunity was given to the administrators, as respects time and otherwise, to make as full and complete a defense as it was possible to make, and neither they, nor their counsel were in any degree negligent in the performance of their duties; they had access to all public records and were aided by the county clerk. They also had the private books and memoranda of the deceased, and preserved as vouchers a great many papers per- taining to public affairs, and obtained credit for them ; among these were $84,850.67 cancelled coupons paid by the deceased and preserved by him as vouchers. In these reports counsel for the estate had advantages which counsel for the county did not possess. A written opinion was rendered and placed on file, and from an inspection of this document it will be found that the estate got the benefit of all the doubts, besides the estate liad the right of appeal and trial dc nova, aud although an appeal was taken, the only question raised on the trial of the appeal was as to the correctness of the ruling of the probate court in the classification of the claim. The circuit court affirmed the decision of the probate court in this respect. 194 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Cyrus L. Ccok was born and rfared in Madison county, j Illinois. He entered Shurtlefl' College, at Upper Alton, in i, 1856, and graduated from that institution in 1862, in full [ classical course. His legal education was acquired by taking | private lessous and attending law lectures in the University i of Michigan. About the year 1867 he was admitted to the bar of Illinois, and established himself in the practice of law at Edwardsville, where he has since continued in active practice. During the late war he was a member of the One Hundred and Thirty-third Illinois Infantry. In 1876, he was elected Slates' Attorney of Madison county, and filled the office with emiuent ability till the election of his succes- sor in ISSO. His opinions on legal points are sound, and evince a thorough knowledge of law. He is a most genial gentleman, an eloquent advocate, and a lawyer of the finest scholarly attainments. Cyrds W. Leverett was born at Upper Alton, Illinois^ in 1841. His literary education was received at ShurtlefT College. He pursued his legal studies in the ofiice of Levi Davis, Sr., of Alton, and in the law department of the Uni- versity of Michigan. Since his admission to the bar, about 1867, he has been engaged in an extensive practice at his native place. Henry O. Billings has been for several years in the practice of law at Alton. He was elected in 1880 a member of the Illinois legislature, as the democratic candidate of Madison county. Hon. William H. Krome, was born in July, 1842, at Louisville, Kentucky. In 1848 he left that city with his parents and came to St. Louis. Two years later his parents removed to Madison county, 111., and settled on a farm nine miles south of Edwardsville. Mr Krome received a com- mon school education in the public schools of this county, and in the fall of 1858 entered McKendree College for the purpose of better preparing himself for the battle of life. He took a classical course and graduated in June, 1863. In 1865, he commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Dale of Edwardsville, and remained a student in that office till the fall of 1866, when he entered the law de- partment of the Michigan University, Ann Aibor, Mich., from which he graduated in 1868. He had been examined with reference to bis legal quaifications in June, 1867, and had been admitted to practice in Illinois but did not open an office till April, 1868, when he and John G. Irwin of Edwardsville formed a partnership the firm name being Iiwiu and Krume. This firm continued till 1874, when Mr. Krome entered into a partnership with W. F. L. Hadley ; the firm Krome and Hadley still continues. Mr. Krome was a member of the State Senate from 1874 to 1878, and served as mayor of the city of Edwardsville from 1873 to 1875. He is an able lawyer, a good pleader and a sue. cessful advocate. John J. Brenholt, is a native of Missouri, born in the city of St. Louis, in 1843. He acquired a thorough scholastic edu- cation at Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111., graduating in 1856, and then entered the Albany Law School at Albany, N. Y., from which institution he received his diploma in 1867. In the same year he was admitted to the bar in New York, and in the following year was examined and received his license to practice in Hlinois. In 1873 he began the practice of law in Chicago, where he remained two years ; he then removed to Alton, opened an office and at once engaged in the gener- al practice of his profession. From April 1879 till April 1881 he was corporation counsellor for the city of Alton. In the latter year he formed a partnership with Judge H. S. Baker, with whom he is now associated in general prac- tice under the firm name of Baker and Breuholt. In 1878 Mr. Brenholt was appointed by Gov. Cullora a member of his staff with the rank of Colonel, and still holds that posi- tion. He is a clear-headed, active, painstaking lawyer. Alexander W. Hope, was born at Alton, 111., July 10, 1848. He spent bis youth in gaining a thorough education and graduated from the University of Virginia in 1868, having taken the full classical course of that institu- tion. After completing his collegiate course he attended the law department of his Ahna Mater, and at the end of two years received the degree of LL. B. He was imme- diately admitted to the bar of Illinois and opened an ofiice in Alton, where he has since remained. He was for three terms city attorney of Alton, and has been elected mayor twice. Mr. Hope has been engaged in many important cases, and is regarded as a very promising member of the profession. Robinson S. Sawyer, was born in Alton, III., in 1845. After acquiring a preliminary education in the public schools of his native city, he attended Shurtleff College one year. In the fall of 1867 he began the study of law in the office of his father, Seth T. Sawyer, and read till 1870, when having successfully passed examination he received license to practice. In January, 1871, he entered into partnership with his father for the general practice of law, the firm name being S. T. and R. S. Sawyer. E. Breese Glass, Master in Chancery for Madison county, is a native of St. Clair county, 111. Having com- pleted the studies pursued in the public schools of his native county, he entered Shurtleff College at Upper Alton in 1864 and took a four years' Latin course. After leaving college he studied law one year at Leavenworth, Kansas, and soon afterward entered the law office of Levi Davis, Sr., (Upper Alton, 111. ) with whom he studied till he was admitted to the bar in 1870. Mr. Glass first opened a law office in Upper Alton, but upon being elected States Attorney in 1872 re- moved his office to Edwardsville where he has since remained in the practice of his profession. He was appointed Master in Chancery in 1879, and still holds that office by re-appoint- ment. William H. Jones was born in St. Louis, in 1849. When twelve years old, he graduated from the academic depart- ment of the Washington University, St. Louis, jNIo., and shortly afterward attended Columbia College, New York. In 1868, under the direction of Judge David Gillespie of Edwardsville, he commenced reading law and after a thorough course of study was examined and admitted to the bar in 1871. Mr. Jones is attorney for the Toledo, Cincinnati and St. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 19.5 Louis R. R, Company, and has had a good general practice of law at Edwardsville since 1 878. W. F. L. Hadlev was born in Madison county, Illinois, June lo, 1847. Mr. Hadley attended the district schools of his native county until the fall of 1863, when he entered McKendree College at Lebanon. He graduated from that institution in 1867, in the scientific coarse, including Latin. In 1870, he entered the law department of Michigan Uni- versity, at Ann Arbor ; graduated in the spring of 1871, and in the following fall opened a law office in Edwardsville. He practiced by himself till May 1S74, when he formed a partnership with Hon. Wm. H. Krome. He is a successful lawyer, and rauks among the leading attorneys at the Madi- son county bar. Thomas J. Richard.«ox received his early education in the common schools of Clinton county. 111., and also attend- ed Shurtlefl" College two years. He read law privately, and subsequently took a law course in the University at Louis- ville, Ky. After his admission to the bar of Illinois in 1870 he began practice at Carlyle, Clinton county, and was Mas- ter in Chancery for that county from 1871 to October 1874, at which time he resigned and removed to St. Louis to prac- tice law. In August, 1878, he returned to Illinois and loca- ted at Highland, where he has since been engaged in a general practice. Mr. Richardson is an industrious, careful lawyer, and a man of good abilities. Edward Phillips, a native of Madison county, received his education in the public schools of Edwardsville and at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, Having decided to adopt the legal profession as his life work, he entered the law office of Hon A. W. Metcalf of Edwardsville in 1869, and after studying a year was admitted to practice. Since his admission to the bar he has continued in the practice of law with the exception of five years, during which time he was engaged in the lumber business. Jons D. Heisel a native of Germany, came to America at the age of twenty-one, and settled in Burlington county. New Jersey, in 1!^5.3; after living there five years he came west, and in 1870 began the study of law in the office of I. B. Randle of Edwardsville. In 1»71 he was licensed to practice law in the courts of Illinois, and immediately formed a partnership with his former preceptor, I. B. Randle. This partnership lasted till 1872, when Mr. Heisel was elect- ed Circuit Clerk of JIadison county, and served two terms. In 1880, he resumed the practice of his profession. Cyrus Happy was born near Du Quoin, 111. In 1864 when only nineteen years old he enlisted in the 18th Illinois Infantry and served his country as a soldier till he was mus- tered out at the close of the war. He entered McKendree College in the fall of 1860, and inJJune 1869 graduated from that institution, having taken the scientific course, including Latin. He commenced the study of law in September 1869 in the office of Gillespie & Springer, and continued a stu- dent in the office till 1871, when he was admitted to the bar. Soon after his admission he entered into partnership with Judge David Gillespie, one of the law firm with whom he had studied. This partnership lasted till 1S79, when he opened a law office by himself. In 1881, he and Mr. C. N. Travous formed a partnership, which still continues. Mr. Happy is a man of acknowledged ability, a good lawyer and an able speaker. Wm. p. Bradshaw is a native of Illinois, his father having emigrated to this State in 1812. He attended the public schools of his native county (Wayne), and finished his literary education at McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., graduating from that institution in 1869. While on his father's farm prior to his entering college, he devoted his evenings to the study of law, afterward continued his legal studies under Prof H. H. Horner, of McKendree College, and in 1869 entered, as a student, the law office of Dale & Burnett, at Edwardsville, where he remained two years. In 1871, admitted to the bar, he immediately opened an office in Edwardsville and practiced by himself till 1874, when he became the partner of Hon. A. W. Metcalf, the style of the firm being Metcalf & Bradshaw, which still continues. Mr. Bradshaw was an active and influential member of the State Republican Central Committee. He is engaged in a general practice, but especially excels as a jury lawyer, in which capacity he has few equals of his age in this part of the State. Clay H. Lynch received a common school education in the district schools of his native county (Madison), and at the age of twenty-one commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. David Gillespie. Having read law two years in 1870 he entered the law department of the University of Michigan, from which institution he graduated in 1871. Soon after finishing his course he opened a law office and practiced two years, at the end of which time he quit law and engaged in the grain trade. In January, 1881, he resumed his legal practice, and now bids fair to make a successful attorney. John W. Coppinger was born at Alton in 18.52. He received his elementary education in the cathedral schools of his native city. From 1864 to 1866 he was a student in St. Mary's College, at Perry ville. Mo. He then attended the University of Notre Dame, at Notre Dame, Ind., from which he graduated in the scientific course. From 1870 to 1872 he read law in the office of John H. Yager at Alton, and during a portion of the time attended the St. Louis Law School. In 1872, he was admitted to the bar, and com- menced the practice of law. Henry' S. Pettingill, now engaged in the practice at Edwardsville, was born in Madison county, 111., April 25th, 1850. When fifteen years of age, he entered Shurtlefl' College, at Upper Alton, 111., to take a four years' scientific course. During his senior year he left college and entered the law office of Dale & Burnett, at Edwardsville, and there applied himself to his studies till 1869, when he entered the law de- partment of the University of Michigan. After his gradua- tion in law, in 1873, he opened an office in Peoria, but after remaining there only a few months he went west, and traveled through the western states and territories till 1877, at which time he returned and opened a law office in Carroll- ton, Illinois. In 1878 Mr. Pettingill removed his office to 196 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS Edwardsville, where he has since been successfully engaged in the practice. Thomas Fawcett, of Venice, is a native of Ireland, and received his literary education at the Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. He studied law with the celebrated James T. Brady, of New York City, and L. H. Hite, of East St. Louis. In 1874 he was admitted to practice at Terre Haute, Ind., and in 1876, became a member of the Madison county bar. He prefers the practice of criminal law. John F. McGinnis was born in Ireland, September 15th, 1849. When he was two years old, his father emigrated to America, and settled at Alton, Illinois. He was sent to the cathedral schools of Alton, till he was prepared to begin the study of law, when he entered the office of N. A. Mortell, Esq., St. Louis. In 1874 he was admitted to prac- tice in the courts of both Missouri and Illinois, and, at once opened an office in Alton, where he has since continued in the practice of his profession, being a part of the time city attorney, James E. Dunnegan was born in 1853, at Alton, 111. His early education was acquired in the cathedral schools of that city. At a comparatively early age he began to read law in the office of John Orr Lee in St. Louis, and after ac- compliirhing a full course of study, was admitted to the bar in St. Louis, in 1873. After remaining there two years he removed to Alton, and opened an office. He has since that time been engaged in a successful general practice of his profession. He is at present city attorney of Alton, and bids fair to gain an enviable reputation among his brethren of the bar. Edward C.Sprixger, who was born in Edwardsville, 111., May 7, 1854, received his early education in the public schools of that city. On arriving at manhood, he decided to make the practice of law his life work, and entered the office of Messrs. Irwin & Krome in 1874. During 1875 Mr. Springer passed one term in the Ann Arbor law school, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and in 1876 was admitted to the bar on passing examination before the supreme court at Mt. Vernon, Illinois. Mr. S. commenced practice in June, 1876, and immediately formed a partnership with Judge Irwin, of Edwardsville. He is still a member of the firm known as Irwin & Springer ; is engaged in a general prac- tice, and has a good prospect for a rich reward for labors in his chosen profession. Benj. R. Burroughs, a native of Charles county, Mary- land, received private instruction till 1864, when he was sent to Charlotte Hall college, St. Mary's county, Maryland, which institution he attended three years, and graduated in the Latin and scientific course. From 1873 to 1875 he pur- sued the study of law in the office of Krorae & Hadley, at Edwardsville, and in the fall of 1875 entered the .senior class of the Union college of law at Chicago. In June, 1876, he received the degree of LL. B. from that institu- tion, and immediately opened a law office at Edwardsville, where he continued to practice alone till 1878, when he entered into a law partnership with Frank W. Burnett. The firm of Burroughs and Burnett continued in business till 1881, at which time Mr. Burnett removed to Springfield, Illinois. Mr. Burroughs has since practiced alone. He is considered a good lawyer. Thomas E. Fruit was born in Madison county, Illinois. He received his early education in the district schools of this county, and in 1872 entered Lincoln University at Lin- coln, Illinois, taking a Latin and scientific course, gra- duating in June, 1877. The same year he entered the law office of Messrs. Irwin & Springer, Edwardsville, andwas examined in February, 1880. Having passed the examina- tion required, he was admitted to the bar in June, 1880. Immediately after his admission Mr. F. opened a law office in Edwardsville, Illinois, with Hon. David Gillespie (not in partnership), and continued with him till the death of the latter, August, 1881, since which time he has been in prac- tice by himself In April, 1881, he was elected city attor- ney, and still holds that office. Mr. Fruit is engaged in a general practice of law, and his prospects for an extended practice are good. Herman Bitter received his education in the University at St. Louis ; read law with Gillespie and Happy, and at- tended the law department of the University of Michigan. After completing his law course at Ann Arbor, in 1878, he was admitted to the bar in Illinois, and has since been en- gaged in practice at Edwardsville. George F. McNulta was born in Alton, 111., in 1859. He attended the schools of Alton till he was fourteen years old, when he was sent to Notre Dame University at Notre Dame, Indiana, where he took the scientific course of study. From 1876 to 1879 he read law in the office of Charles V. Wise, and then attended the St Louis Law School, graduat- ing in 1880. In the same year he was admitted to the bar of Missouri and also that of Illinois. He immediately opened a law office in Alton. C. N. Tr.wous, a young lawyer of Edwardsville, until nineteen years old lived on a farm near Shiloh, St. Clair county, 111 , and there received his preliminary education. During the four years preceding his study of law he taught school in Madison county. In June, 1879, he entered the law office of Gillespie and Happy, at Edwardsville, and de- voted the next two years to the preparation necessary for his admission to practice. He was examined before the Su- preme court at Mt. Vernon, in February, 1881, and ad- mitted to the bar. Since June, 1881, Mr. Travous has been associated with Mr. Cyrus Happy in the practice of law at Edwardsville. John Berry was born in Huntingdon county, Penna., in 1853. He studied law in the office of Hon. Wm. S. Skeech of Baltimore, Md., four years, and in 1877 was admitted to the bar of that state. In 1878 he was liceused to practice in Pennsylvania. He afterwards opened an office in Baltimore county, Md., and remained there till 1881 when he came to Collinsville 111., where he has since been engaged in a gen- eral practice. The liiit of prosecuting attorneys of this county with the dates of their respective terms of office, will be found in the chapter on Civil History. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 197 CHAPTER XI. TEE PRESS. Edward-iv'Ue Spectator, The Star of (he Wed, Illuwis lie- publican, Illinois Corrector, The Crinis, Illinois Advocate, Western I'lovghhoy, Alton Spectator, Alton Telegraph, Tn- Weekly Telegraph, Daily Telegraph, Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review, Alton Telegraph and Madison County liec- ord, Alton American , Alton Observer, The Illinois Temperance Herald, Alton Commercial Gazette, The Altonian, Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer, Voice oj Illinois, The Sucker, The Western Weekly Mirror, Sovereign People, The Star of Bethlehem and Candid Examiner, The Proti'stant Monitor, Alton Mirror, The Presbytery Reporter, The Madison Record, The Alton Courier, The Alton National Democrat, Madison County Enquirer, The Weekly Madison Press, Mwlison County Advertiser, Madison, County Ontrier, The Sucker Life Boat, The Vowarls, Illinois Beobachter, Freie Presse, Missouri Cum- berland Preebylerian, Ladies' Pearl, The Good Templar, The Alton Banner, Western Cumberland Presbyterian, Cumber- land Presbyterian, Our Faith, Erzaehler, Highland Bote, Madison County Bote, The Intelligencer The Uninn, High- land Union, Edwardsville Rfpubliean, The Coliinsidlle Ar- gus, Liberal Democrat, Our Times Edwardsville Times, The Temperance Banner, Alton Democrat, Daily Democrat, The Troy Weekly BulUtin, The Morning NeW't, The Christian NeWi, Qui Vive, College Review, ColUnsville Weekly Herald, Madison County Sentinel, The Little Eyicopalian, Banner of the Cross, Madison County Anzeiger, Edwardsville Demo- crat, The Highland Herald, The Collinsville Star. ,AN finds his greatest good and highest happiness in associations with his fellow- men. His constitution demands com- panionship, and history teaches that in fi^0'^:-rp"^j^^\A all ages and in all parts of the earth, ^ >; '" ;, > f men have grouped themselves into fami- ^ -..'-■ ' . i lies, clans and nations. Protection has not been the sole object of these com- pacts and has not often been their chief incentive, for society is not man's crea- tion but his divinely instituted state. The reasons for its existence antedate Adam's birth, and are manifested in those primitive instincts which guard and potentially guide in the formation of human character. The power to think is the grandest of God's creations, and the ability to communicate thought is scarcely less noble. These capabilities are distinctively human attributes, and in exercising them the race has attained its present degree of civilization. Society presupposes two parties, one to influence and one to be influenced. The thinking portion of a com- munity is its motive power, and when thoughtful leaders can readily impart a proper understanding of their deductions they secure unanimity of purpose and harmony of action from their followers. Indeed, he only is worthy of leader- ship who can communicate to others the good that is in him- self and who is constantly accumulating a supply of that which is good to communicate. There must be a medium between him who directs and those who are guided ; a communicator, or, transmitter. Language is the transmitter of thought. Early in his exist- ence man learned to associate sounds and ideas, to group sounds expressive of ideas, to make the former symbols of the latter. Another progressive step was taken when aibi- trary sounds became conventionally the exponents of ideas, and words became their signs. These are the footprints of the child'smastery of speech, and vestiges of the method by which humanity came into possession of a vocal language. Primeval man could not send the products of his reflective faculties beyond the limit of his voice, which was his chief instrument of language. "Necessity is the mother of inven- tion," and the demand for a medium which would carry thought farther than mere vocal utterance and retain it longer, led to the use of visible representation of ideas. Undoubtedly these at first were ideographic, that is pictorial and .symbolic. Gradually the pictures and symbols were abridged both in delineation and numbers, as a matter of convenience, and these abbreviated forms became conven- tional signs of spoken language. Thus originated phonetic writing, that in which the elementary sounds of language are represented by distinct and distinguishable characters called letters These letters arranged in their customary order constituted the alphabet. The Egyptians ascribe the introduction of writing toThoth, their god of intelligence ; the Greeks assigned the honor to Cadmus, the mythical founder of Boostian Thebes, and the Scandinavians claim the discovery as belonging to their god, Odin. While its authorship is thus traditional and fabulous, no one doubts that the art was carried from Egypt to Phoenicia and thence to Greece and other states. The Egyptians could never entirely disassociate the idea and its symbol, but the Phoenicians, rejecting the ideograms, retained the symbols and modified them so as to represent elementary sounds, and devised the first alphabet, which was centuries in advance of hieroglyphics, and when fairly comprehended furnished a facile instrument of communication. Men naturally desire the preservation of their best thoughts, and instinctively seek those instruments which are available and in themselves pleasing. Thus only can the rise of sculpture, painting and literature be accounted for, and a nation which does not possess these arts is essentially barren of culture. The innovation of letters facilitated authorship by removing much of the toilsome and time-con- suming labor of literary composition. The introduction of the alphabet, called for a reading public, and the combination rendered erudition popular and potential. From this point literary progress was comparatively rapid ; books multiplied somewhat speedily, and the knowledge of the few leavened the intelligence of the ma.sses. There were book stores in Athens, at least, as early as the Peloponnesian w.ir, J31-464 B. c; and ruling prices were reasonable since bookmaking was largely the product of slave labor. There were famous 198 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. libraries in ancient as in modern times Pisistratus, the Athenian tyrant, 560 B. c, is credited with having collected a vast library which he generously opened to the public, and the famous Alexandrian library, instituted by Ptolemy Soter, is a matter of hitory. Towards the end of the Roman republic, books cost little if any more than at present, and libraries of from 30,000 to 60,000 volumes were not uncom- mon. Civilization kept pace with literature. The Greeks learned never to do anything too much, and in language, art and eloquence, they have never been excelled. A Roman citizen was better than a barbarian king, because such citizenship was a pledge of the resources of the empire in defense of Rjman liberty, a pointed illustration of the highest function of any governmental policy. The onward march of human progress was rudely checked when hordes of northern and Asiatic barbarians invaded Rome's dominions, sacked her capitals, destroyed her collec- tions of literary and artistic culture, despised her refinement in manners and living as types of effeminacy, and ruth- lessly demolished the landmarks of the race's growth. Europe but slowly recovered from these devastations. For cenluries she loitered on the borders of barbarism, and so debased was her condition that men speak of the Dark Ages as the saddest in history. It was during this period that Roger Bacon wrote " Slowly has any portion of the philoso. phy of Aristotle come into use among the Latins. His natural philosophy and his metaphj'sics were translated in my time and interdicted at Paris up to the year 1237, because of their assertion of the eternity of the world and of time. Without mathematical instruments no science can be ma.stered, and these instruments are not to be found among the Latins, and could not be made for two or three hundred pounds. Thescientifio works of AristotleofAvicenna of Seneca, Cicero and other ancients cannot be had without great cost ; their principal works have not been translated into Latin, and copies of others cannot be found in ordinary libraries or elsewhere. I could never find the works of Seneca, though I made diligent search for them twenty years and more." This was the seed time of modern civilization. A pious zeal for rescuing the Holy Sepulchre from the infidel Turks led to the Crusades, which although they failed to effect that for which they were planned, planted, the humanizing germs of commercial intercourse, constitutional liberty, and spiritual growth. The development and expansion of these germs helped to clear the murky intellectual atmosphere of its almost universal cloud of ignorance, and men began to step into the light of reason, justice and charity. Then were seen the streakiugs of the morning light of modern history, and the dawn followed when the skilled copyist of abbey and niona-tery gave way to the printer and his art. The invention of printing is encircled with uncertainty. A pretty Dutch tradition tells us that Laureutius Coster, a worthy Hollander of Haarlem, in idle amusement carved some letters on a piece of bark or wood, and admiring his handiwork wrapped it in a piece of paper and laid it aside while he slept. On awakening he found that rain had moistened the paper and that the letters he had cut on the wood had been impressed upon the paper. This happy ac- cident suggested a principle and its practical application, and ere long Coster invented a process for taking impres- sions from blocks, upon each of which the contents of a page were engraved. The story asserts that at Coster's death his apprentice, Johann Gutenberg, stole a part of the office, transported it to Mentz, and there commenced business after securing the friendship and partnership of Johann Faust, a wealthy goldsmith. German authorities deny the truth of this tradition, and claim that Gutenberg was the real inventor. They assert that he had an ofBce in Strausburg as early as 1436, and movable types n it later than 1438. The introduction of a beneficieut reform is slow and dis- couraging; it has to overcome lack of facilities, bigotry and prejudice. Printing, or to be more exact, typography, de- manded another art, that of paper making. It is true that paper was known and manufactured in Europe two hundred years or rao-e before typography was invented, but the quantity was insufficient for the printer's demands, and the quality was ill adapted to his art. Parchment and vellum were commonly used by copyists, but have never been popu- lar with printers, since they wear types rapidly, and stub- bornly resist ink. In addition to these drawbacks it is to be remembered that these materials were very expensive and their sources limited. We are told that the first printed Bible required the skins of more that three hundred sheep The church was the patron of literature, and was most powerful in moulding public opinion. A no inconsiderable source of revenue was book-making, the work of training copyists and illuminators who, in the main, were monks. These monks did not of course surrender their pleasant and lucrative employment unwillingly, and uncomplainingly, and did not hesitate to prejudice the masses agains the innova- tion of printing. But the most serious impediment was the lack of an intelligent and reading public. Many kings even could not read, and not a few bishops and archbishops could not sign their own promulgations. Indeed, the scri- vener's art was in such ill repute that the crusaders exposed to public ridicule the peas and ink-itands they found in Con- stantinople, when that city fell into their hands, as the igno- ble arras of contemptible students. Slowly the new art male its way ; educators enlisted its cooperation ; authors sought its aid in the presentation and disseminationof their best thoughts; gradually men appre- ciated its merits and usefulness. Through these instrumen- talities intelligence spread ; the man of book learning, from being an object of contempt became an object of emulation; men became readers as well as doers ; theacquisi- sition of knowledge was considered fashionable, and grew into a necessity. Thus did the press act upon the people, but the reaction was a? great ; the thirst for knowledge was only intensified by acquaintance with the products of the world's master minds, and as men saw that the lessons of the past might be used in the management of the present, they rightly concluded that the knowledge of the living would be as beneficial as the formal and abstruse theories of the departed. Thus current literature followed classical, and whetted the mental appetite for knowing events as soou as HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 199 possible after their occurrence. To meet this demand is the special province of journalism, whii-h differs essentiall)' from that of literature ; it is less exacting as to dignity of state- ment and polish of expres.-ion ; is freer in the selection of topics, and more colloquial in their treatment ; aims to be a reflex of man's daily life, as literature seeks to present him at his best. The press was abreast of these social changes. From beinga mere manufiietory of books, the printing office became a receptacle of fresh information, a resort for the witty and the learned, a medium between the wise and igno- rant. Its influence grew as its circle widened, and when the people were ready for weekly and daily publications, they were forthcoming in ' obedience to the law of supply and demand. The newspaper is the organ of journalism ; its authentic history dates from the days of Republican Rome. The first of which we have an account was the Acta Diurna, a manu- script record of the proceedings in the Roman senate. It is frequently mentioned by contemporary authors, and seems to have had subscribers in distant cities. Cicero speaks of it as furnishing city news and gossip. Alexander Andrews, in his "History of British Journalism," thus tersely describes the origin and growth of newspapers in England : " First we have the written news letter, furnished to the wealthy aristocracy ; then, as the craving for information spread, the ballad of news, sung or recited ; then the news pamphlet, more prosaically arranged ; then the periodical sheet of news, and la,stly the newspaper." The first well authenticated and regularly issued English newspaper was entitled. The Wceldij Ktws, from Italy, Ger- many, etc., 1622, and Nathaniel Butler is regarded as the father of newspaper enterprises. Parliamentary reports were first published in 1641, and the first advertisement was in- serted in a newspaper about 1648. For a long time the government exercised a strict and persecuting censorship, over the press, which was not remitted till the accession of William and Mary. France had newspapers as early as 1605, and Italy as early as 1570. There is in the British Museum a copy of a printed Italian newspaper bearing the above date. Germany had irregular news publications in 1594, and a regular weekly newspaper was established in 1615. Peter the Great helped to establish the first Russian journal in 1703, and for centuries China has had a court newspaper called by Europeans the Ptkin Gazette. In our country the first newspaper was issued at Boston September 25th, 1690. Only one copy is known to exist, as the paper was immediately suppressed. That copy bears the title, "Public occurrences both Foreign and Domestic," gives the names of Richard Pierce as printer and Benjamin Harris as publisher, and is now preserved in the State paper office in London. The Boston News Letter, published by John Campbell, appeared fourteen 3'ears later, April 24th, 1704, and was regularly issued till 1776. It is commonly but erroneously considered the first American newspaper, and ' was at first a half sheet, eight by twelve inches, with two columns to the page. The News Letter was followed by the Boston Gazette, December 21st, 1719. In 1721 James j Franklin issued the first number of the New England Cou- ! rant, which soon engaged in a heated controversy with Rev. Increase Mather and others on the subject of inoculation. So hearty was its criticism of public men and measures that the following year the Massachusetts legislature forbade James Franklin any longer to issue the C'ourant or to pub- lish any pamphlet or paper of like nature without its being first supervised by the secretary of the province. The name of James Franklin was taken from the paper and that of Benjamin Franklin, his brother and apprentice, then six- teen years of age, put in its place. The oldest living news- paper in the United States is said to be the New Hampahlre Gazette, first published in 1756, and since issued without in- termission or any radical change of name. The Pennsylva- nia Packet or the General Advertiser (Philadelphia), now North Americin, 1784, was the first daily paper, and the next year was followed by the New York Daily Advertiser. In 1776 thirty-seven papers were iniblishedin the colonies; in 1810 the number had increased to 359, of which twenty-seven were dailies; in 1840, the number was 1631 ; 1850,2526; 1861', 4501 ; 1870, 5871 ; and from the most recent reliable authorities the number at present is 6232. The newspaper history of Illinois is as interesting and checkered as that of the race or nation. The first paper is- sued in the State was the Illinois Herald, established by ]\Iathew Duncan, at Kaskaskia, the then, territorial capital, at or about, according to Reynolds' History, 1809. In this Reynolds is mistaken. The Herald was the first paper es- tablished in Illinois. Mathew Duncan was the editor and publisher. The first issue was made September 7th, 1814. Inform it was a three column folio, wide columns. It retained that form until in the latter part of 1816, it was enlarged to a four column paper. Messrs. Robert Blackwell and Daniel P. Cook purchased the paper and office in the latter part of 1816. Two years later Mr. Elijah C. Berry bought an in- terest and the name was changed to Illinois Intellir/encer. The office was moved to Vandalia in 1820 in consequence of that place becoming the State capital. The second paper in the State was The Enxigrant, which was published at Shawueetown by Henry Eddy and Single- ton H. Kininiel, who issued its first number in the fall of 1818. Mr. KimmeFs successor was Judge James Hall, who was a Philadelphian by birth, had served in the war of 1812, and had recently settled at Shawueetown. He was a lawyer by profession, but spent much time in literary work, and ultimately obtained more than local fame as an author. Among his writings are Legends of the West, Border Tales, Life of General William Henry Harrison, History of the Indian Tribes, (in the preparation of this work he was associated with Thomas L. McKenny. This history was republished in London), The Wilderness and The War Path, etc. Judge Hall was a contributor to the North American lieview, The Philadelphia Port Folio, The Knicker- bocker, was the founder and editor of the Illinois Magazine, which was published ut Vandalia for some years and after- wards moved to Cincinnati, where its name was change, to TheWe4ern Monthly Magazine. When we add to this long list of labors, the editorial duties connected with several newspapers — The Illinois Gazette, The Illinois Intelligencer, 200 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. etc., it will be readily admitted that few men have done so much for Western civilization" and the intellectual improve- ment of the country' at large. — Allihone. Judge Hall held the office of prosecuting attorney, circuit judge and State treasurer. He died at Cincinnati, 1868, hav- ing removed thither in 1833. In the memorable convention of 1824 the Emigrant was a powerful opponent to the intro- duction of slavery ; and its editors, particularly Mr. Eddy, struck not a few herculean blows against the pro slavery champions and sentiments of that campaign. The journalistic hi.story of Madison county begins with the establishment of the third newspaper in the State. For facts and dates relating to it and the early press we desii-e especially to acknowledge our indebtedness to Hon. Joseph Gillespie, of Edwardsville, Illinois. He has fur- nished us much information drawn from his inexhaustible storehouse of knowledge of the early history of the state- He was for many years a prominent actor and central figure in the political history of the state. A lawyer by profes- sion with a large and extensive practice, a judge upon the bench and a prominent member of the Legislative bodies of the state, together with domestic cares and provisions for a competency in the future has made his life an unusually busy one but withal, he has found time to store his mind with much valuable information embracing a wide range of subjects and including a knowledge of art, science and literature. Although ripe in years his vigorous memory retains all the freshness and retentiveness of youth, and with a singular fidelity to fiicts it leaps back and spans the half century gone by, and calls up incidents the narration of which in muiute detail and embellishment seems to bear the im- press of but yesterday. He has indeed come down to us from a former generation bringing with him the history and incidents of the past. We also desire to extend our thanks to the members of the press of Madison county for favors shown, and information given, and esj)ecially to Mr. W. T. Norton of Alton, publish- er and editor of the Telegraph, who kindly placed files of that paper at our disposal from which we gleaned much valuable information concerning the press of forty years ago. We also desire to return thanks to Rev. Washington Leveritt, Librarian of Shurtlcff College, Upper Alton, and totheofficers of the Illinois State Historical Society for files of old papers published in Edwardsville sixty years ago, by the aid of which we were enabled to obtain correct dates. We have also taken the liberty of quoting from Hon. E. B. Washburne's " Sketch of Edward Coles," " Tanner's Life of Lovejoy," and using information (where absolutely correct) obtained from Madison County Gazetteer, published some fiftten years ago. From these and other sources we have been enabled to trace the history of the press from its first establishment in Madison county in 1819, to the present time ; and present it in a manner which we hope, will be acceptable to our readers. Prior to the establishing of a newspaper in the county, the people of this section of the country were dependent upon the Missouri Gazette, published in St. Louis, for the news from the outside world. Occasionally a stray copj' of Illinois Emigrant, pnhViahei.] at Shawneetown, or the Illinois Herald, Mathew Duncan's paper, printed at Kaskaskia, found their way here. The third newspaper published in the state was founded by Hooper Warren at Edwardsville. It was the first paper printed in the county. It was called the EDWARDSVILLE SPECTATOR. The first issue was made May 23d, 1819, less than one year after the State was admitted to the Union. In form it was a five column folio neatly printed and ably edited. Few, if any newspapers were ever established in the west, that at once took a more prominent position, or, in so short a time, commanded and wielded a greater influence t^ian the Spectator. It was in its day, the most potential newspaper west of the Allegheny mountains. In looking through volumes one, two, three and four, we judge that the paper was a success, financially, provided it3 patrons paid up promptly. About one-half of the paper was taken up with home and foreign advertisements. Some of the local "Ads." are unique, and at the present day would appear quite odd. For example : A druggist in Edwardsville advertises a large stock of " Elegant Medi- cines," and calls particular attention to his " Castor Oil which is a real pleasure to take." The Spectator made its appearance before the days of rail- roads and telegraph, consequently news from Washington or even from the seat of the State government was from ten days to three or four weeks in reaching Edwardsville, but it was news nevertheless. In the meantime the columns of the paper were much occupied by essays on every conceiva- ble subject in which, generally, no one had any interest ex- cept the writer. This was especially the case in '• off" years when there was no political excitement or elections. In times of great political excitement, or in presidential cam- paigns, the editorials were exceedingly lengthy and of a pon- derous character, though usually possessing literary merit. As news became the dominant idea of the newspapers the heavy leaders were dropped, and paragraphing became popu- lar. Mr. Warren, Editor and founder of the Spectator, was a practical printer. He worked at the "case" in the office of the Missouri Gazette, and while there set up and published, under an assumed name, a series of articles upon public and political questiocs aftecting the weal of the State which attracted the notice of the leading statesmen of Missouri, and called forth replies from Thomas H. Benton and others of equal reputation and ability. All with singular una- nimity agreed in attributing the authorship to men iu high position in the State. The articles in question were evi- dences of the writer's profound knowledge of the. subjects discussed and were written in that bold vigorous style that carried weight and conviction to the reader. When Mr. Warren established his printing office in Edwardsville he was fortunate in securing the services of George Churchill, who was a practical printer and a writer of well-known ability, and who subsequently became one of the prominent men of the State. These gentlemen edited and " set-up " the pa^jcr the first year. The Missouri Com- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 201 promise was then the great absorbing and leading political question, and in its discussion they dealt heavy blows against the institution of slavery and its acquisition of new territory. After the first year, and when the Sjiedator was firmly established, Mr. Warren conducted the paper alone or at least assumed its entire management and cditoria' control. As before stated, he was a bold, able and aggres-ive writer. His editorials were never written upon paper, but standing at the ''case "he would compose and at the same time put them in type. In the Convention times of l'<24 he took a bold and nianlj' stand and did much to defeat the schemes of the slavery party who sought to make Illinois a Slave State. In 182o he sold the Spectator to Thomas Lippin- cott and Jeremiah Abbott, the former editor and the latter printer. Before dismissing the Spedifor under Mr. Warreu's management, it is proper to speak of the many able con- tributors to its columns. In order to better understand the position of the paper at that time it is necessary to state that the leading question which then agitated the public mind of the State was whether a convention should be called the object of which was to change the constitution so as to admit and legalize slavery. Upon this question the people were divided. The leaders of the dominant party in the State ■with few exceptions, were in favor of the Convention, and many able and plausible reasons were put forth by them in justification of their position and in proof of its great advantage and benefit to the commonwealth. " A great cause beget-! great leaders." Opposed to the Convention were those who said, God helping them, the State of Illinois should never be ptdhited and cursed by that monster .«in and crowning evil of the century, slavery. Of these was Edward Coles, then Governor of the State and the recognized leader of the Auti Convention party, whose facile and powerful pen wrote column after column, denouncing the schemes of the leaders of the pro-slavery party, and urging the voters of the State to stand firm against the encroachments of the slave power. He contributed many articles io\.\\Q Spectator, and had much to do in sustaining the high character of that journal. He was the heart and brains of the Anti-Conven- tion party, and entered into the contest with a determination to succeed. He organized the forces of freedom throughout the State, traveling from one distant point to another, mak- ing speeches, writing for the newspapers and urging the friends of the cause to come out and by their ballot forever settle the question of the admission of slavery into the free State of Illinois. He was a thorough and intense hater of the system of slavery. He lived long enough to see it go down amidst the thunders of war, though drenched and baptized in the blood of pure patriotism. He was by nature a chivalric, high-toned gentleman, and a pute practical philanthropist who desired and labored for the amelioration of his species. He is dead. To day among the present inhabitants of Illlinois, little is known of him ; but for h's great service to the State he deserves to live in the grateful memories of her people, an^ his noble acts and deeds should be written with a pen of steel upon columns of brass that they might be as enduring as truth and justice, the grand 26 characteristics tha"; d >raiDated and controlled every action of the 1 fe of Governor Coles.* JMorris Birkbi-ck wai another contributor to the Specta- tor during the "Convention times." "He was an Englishman by birth, and received a thorough cla.«sical education, after which he devoted himself to the study of agriculture, and soon enjoyed a wide c^-lebrity as being one of the best practical as well as theoretical farmers in Eng- land. He came to America in 1817 and S' ttled in Illinois. He was an intense hater of the system of slavery as it existed in the United States, and when the election was called to decide the question of calling a convention to change the constitution he continued busily cniplr)ycd writing p:imphlets, communications, letters, etc., in opposition to it. He contributed a series of letters to the Spectator over the nom, de plume of " Jonathan Freeman." which were widely copied and extensively read. They were written in a plain and pleasing style, full of facts and embellished by homely but apt illustrations. It is conceded that jMr. Birkbeik contributed more and did more valuable .service through the ai^est, member from Madison in the Legislature, and William Kinney, senator from St. Clair. Senator Smith was the reputed editor and furnished the leading editorials. He had prior to his coming west considerable journalistic experience in New York, and from that fact it was suppposed possessed the necessary qualifications to cope with his 204 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. formidable rival and opponent, Hooper Warreu, and his corps of able contributors to the Spectator. But the sequel proved, however luueh ability he possessed, bis cause was not just, and I'reeddni, right and justice prevailed. Mr. Smith was a smooth, jjlausibie writer. His articles read well, but there was a vein of sophistry running through them that was apparent to the honest seeker after the truth. It can be said of him that they possessed literary merit. Had he chosen to take the other side of the question, and his action been dictated by honesty, he would have been a foimidable oppon- ent to meet in a pen controversy. He afterwards, as is well known to all students of Illinois history, occupied positions of high trust, representing the county in the State Senate, and was also one of the justices of the s-uprtme court of the state. The publicatiou of the RepaUkan was continued until July 28, 1824. a few days before the election which by a large majority decided that freedom was the normal condition of the state of Illinois, and must forever remain free and uncontaminated by the influence of slavery within her borders. The mission of the paper was ended and its sus- pension was sudden, and it was never afterwards revived. In 1823, Mr. Robert K. Fleming, one of the vetn-an printers of Illinois and among the first newspaper publishers in the state, established the R^'pubUean Advocate at Kas- kaskia. It was the mouth piece and exponent of the principles "f the convention party in that section of the state, and during the contest was edited by Elias Kent Kane. After the election and defeat of the party it ceased publica- tion. The press and type were removed to Vandalia, and there the publication was revived. In the summer of 1827, Mr. Fleming removed the press and fi-vtures to Edwardsville and on the 14th of October, 1827, issued the first number of the ILLINOIS CORRECTOR. It was in form a four C'>lumn quarto, Democratic in politics, and warmly supported General Jack.son for the presidency. It was published every Monday morning. Price per annum S2.50. It was an exceedingly neat publi- cation, and its form was entirely new. All other papers published in the west at that time were folios. The Corrector was not a success financially, but it lingered along until November 20ih, 1828, when it suspended. Mr. Fleming moved the material back to Kaskaskia, and there published the Recorder, until the spring of 18o3, then removed to Belleville, in St. Clair county, where he continued iu the printing business until his death. THE CRISIS, Was the fourth paper established in Madison county. Its founder was Samuel S. Brooks. The date of the first num- ber was April 14, 1830. It was a four column paper, pub- lished every Saturday, in Edwardsville. Thirty-four num- bers were published, when its named was changed to ihe ILLINOIS ADVOCATE. Eighteen numbers of the paper were published, by Mr. Brooks, when the office passed into the hands of Judge John York Sawyer. The latter gentleman had established the WESTERN PLOUGgBOV, in Edwardsville, November 1, 1830, and continued the pub- lication one year, when he came into possession of the Advo- cate, and the two papers were consolidated under the name of the Illinois Advocate. Soon after the consolidation, Mr. J Angevine secured a half interest in the paper. Four months later he sold out to William Peach, but he, too, soon retired, and Judge Saw- yer was left iu undisputed possession of the journal. la 1832 Mr. Sawyer was elected state printer, and he removed all of the material to Vandalia, then the seat of the state government. The Advocate was not a success ; its columns were little sought after by advertisers, consequently it had more space for essays and miscellaneous matter, and per consequence enjoyed some reputation on account of its good selections and literary merit. In 1832, Alton began to loom up as a city of con- siderable commercial importance, and some few of her san- guine citizens had great hopes of her out-rivaling her sister city— St. Louis. Alton was then the chief commercial and mercantile emporium of Illinois. Her citizens became im- bued with a desire to excel. Enterprise waved her magic wand over the city, and at once she spread out and extended her lines of commerce, and placed ne* territory under her commercial dominion. A newspaper was needed to speak for her flattering promises of future greatness. To supply this want, O. M. Adams and Edward Breath, two enterjjris- ing young men of Alton, started a newspaper at Upper Alton, called the ALTON SPECTATOR. The first number made its appearance January 21st, 1832. The firm of Adams & Breath was dissolved April 20th, of the same year. On the 20th of October, 1832, the office of the Spectator was removed from Upper Alton to Alton City. ISIr. Breath continued the publication until Septem- ber 20th, 1834, when he sold the prtss and material to J. T. Hudson, who conliiiued Editor and publisher until June 24th, 1836, when W. A. Beatty became Editor and pub- lish^-, and held control until November 25th of the same year, after which D. Ward published eight numbers. On the Iflth of February, 18'17, the office passed into the hands of William Hessin, who on the 17ih of October of the same year sold a half interest to Seth T. Sawyer. The latter continued with the paper but a short time. Mr. Hessin re- mained sole proprietor until December, 1838, when he sold the Spectator office to J. Clark Virgin, and soon after its publication was suspended. Mr. Brraih, the pioneer printer and publisher of Alton, soon after his retir. ment from the Spectator, went to Oroo- miah, Persia, where a mission had been established by Dr. Grant, and there printed a paper, and engaged in mission- ary work, and remained there until his death iu 1864. The Spectator was originally a five column folio; subse- quently was enlarged to a seven column, same form. From an old copy we gather much of its history and that of Alton. Its columns were well tilled with home advertisements, from which we judge that in its first years it was a paying invest- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 205 meiit. Its edilorial culuiuus were taken up with diseu.-;- sious of the banking system of the eouutry, which tlieu seemed to be the leading question. In politics it advocated the principles of the Whig party. At its mast-head it floated the names of James W. Stephenson lor Governor, John S. Hacker for Lieut. Governor, John M. Krum for Seuator for Madiiou county, and Robert Smith for the Legislature. Before the suspension of tiie Spcciuior a rival had sprung uj), which provtd to be the tifst permanent newspaper esiablifhcd in Alton, and which is still iu exis- tence. We relcr to the ALTON TELEGRAPir. It was for a time the contemporary of the Spectator, and then its successor. It was fouiidid by Kichard M. Tread- way and Lawsou A. Parks. The first issue was made Jan. loth, 1836. From the start, it gave a warm and cordial support to the whig party. A few months after the paper was established Samuel G. Bailey, E,-q., was admitted to the firm, which was then known as Trcadway, Parks & Bailey. In the winter of 1836, the great question arose in Congress as to the " Right of Petition," which had fur its able cham- pion John Quincy Adams, who, singlehauded, defended the right of freemen to petition the executive or legislative bo- dies iu behalf of any measure or in redress of their griev- ances. The Telegraph was the only western journal that,'stood by Mr. Adams and supported him in that measure. The cir culation of the paper increased rapidly, and its subscription listi embraced residents as far south as Cairo, and as far north iis the village of Chicago. On the 8th of January, 1837, Mr. Tread way died. The paper was continued by the remaining partners for a short time; then Mr Parks pur- chased Mr. Bailey's interest. In May, 1837, he sold a half interest to John Bailhache. The latter took charge of the editorial department, and soon after became .sole owner of the Telegraph. He remained editor until April 3d, 1841, when from reasons of ill health, he resigned, and his place was taken by George T. M. Davies, a writer of unusual brilliancy. He had charge of the editorial columns for several years and was a contributor for many years afterward. His letters from ''the seat of war' in Mexico, in lS47-'8, publijhtd in the Telegraph, were widely copied. In May, 1838, he sold a half interest to S. R. Dolbie, who was a practical printer. On the 4th of April, 1840, William A. Btatty purchased an interest in the Telegraph. He took charge of the mechanical department. He died October 8th, 1840. The firm of Bail- hache & Dolbee continued without change until January Isf, 1850, a period of twelve years ; then Dolbee was succeeded by William H. Bailhache, a son of the editor. The firm name then became John Bailhache and Sou. In 1852, Mr. E. L Baker became associated with the pape r, and soon after purchased an interest in it The firm name was then changed to John Bailhache and Co. Prior to that time, however, the TRIWKEKLY TELEGItAPII was i.ssued. In 1852, with the date of Mr. Baker coming into the firm, was coninicuced the DAILY TELEcnAni. On the 10th of July, 1854, Mr. Parks, one of the original pr.'prietors of the Telegraph, purchased Mr. Bailhache"s in- terest, and from that date until May loth, 18.15, the business was conducted under the firm name of E. L. Baker and Co. In 1854, the agitation produced by the passage of tb© Kansas-Nebraska bill and the repeal of the Missouri Com- promise had a startling efiect upon the people and political parties of the country. The agitation continued until it overthrew and broke up the Whig organization, and that party, with its splendid records of the past, was entirely dis- membered, and sank to rise no more. The Telegraph then, as from the date of its first issue, was a strong advocate of the emancipation theories of the time, as advocated by Henry Clay, who was its beau ideal of practical and lofty statesmanship. It took firm ground against the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the opening up of new territory for the acquisition of the slave jjower. Upon that subject it was the most outspoken, bold and aggressive journal in the west. The Courier, of which we shall speak hereafter, the democratic j)aper, took the same position as the Telegraph, and o|)po3ed the introduction of slavery into the territories, as did many other able newspapers of that party in the north. The discussion upon the Kansas Nebraska bill took a wide range and was productive of much bitterness, and became so absorbing as to totally destroy one party and rend the other in twain. The final result was the reorgani- zation of parties into two great bodies — the one in favor and the other opposed to the further introduction and spread of slavery. The two papers. Telegraph and Courier, that started and ad- vocated widely different political principles were thus by the whirligig of politics brought to occupy the same political bed, and in the fight for free soil stood shoulder to shoulder. There was not room for two newspapers on the same side. Under the circumstances overtures were made with a view of consolidating them, and after some negotiation the pro- prietors of the Telegraph sold their subscription lists to the publishers of the Courier. Mr. Bailhache and Mr. Parks continued to carry on the job printing business until the death of the former, which took place in the fall of 1857. As Mr. Bailhache was one of the pioneer printers of Madison county, and was also an able journalist, and the first to establish the press permanently iu Alton, we append a brief biography of him. John Bailhache was born in St. Ouen in the Isle of Jersey iu the British Channel, May 8, 1787. He was the son of John and Mary ( De La Perrille) Bailhache. In his youth he possessed remarkable aptitude for learning. Being delicate in health his friends piedicted for him a premature death. The French was hi? mother tongue. He studied English and made proficiency in Latin and Greek. He served an apprenticeship of five years at the printing busi- ness. At the r< quest of Rev. Peter Sarchet, who had chiL dren in this country, he accompanied him to the United States in 1810, and settled in Cambridge, Ohio. He became a half owner of the Fredoiiian, a paper published at Chilli, cothe, Ohio, and a few months later became sole proprietor. 206 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Ill August 1815 lie purchased the Sciota Gazette and united it with the Fredonian, wiiich then bore the name of the Sciota Gazette &yi<\. Fredonian Ckroniele. A few years later he sold the jiapers, and was elected State Printer. He moved to Columbus, and soon after became the proprietor of the State Journal. He continued his connection with the journalism of Ohio for twenty years, and in that time tooii an active part in the politics of the state. In 1836 at the solicitation of friends he came to St. Louis. Failing to se- cure an interest in the Missouri Republican, he came to Alton and purchased a half interest in the Telegraph, and took charge of its management May 1st, 1837, and continued with the paper under the various changes stated above. Hi^ editorial life reached over a period of forty-two years. The great a-ini of his journalistic life was to contribute to the elevation of the tone and character of the Western press, by advocating and upholding whatever was innocent and pure, and discountenancing all vice and immorality in what- ever guise it might appear. The peculiar views of all were treated with fairness and courtesy. As a writsr of poliiical editorials he was far above the average journalist of his day. He was well educated, a ripe scholar of fine literary attain- ments, and a student all his life. His mind was well stored with useful information mainly obtained from books ; there- fore in the actual and business afiliirs of life he was not as practical as others, nor did he succeed as well as some who had less literary and intellectual capital. He was a man who had many warm personal friends who were attached to him as by " hooks of steel. " He held various offices of honor and trust, in both this state and Ohio. In 1841 he represented Madison county in the State legislature. His death, which was the result of an accident, occurred September 2d, 1857. He was a devout believer in the prin- ciples of Christianity, and was reared in the faith of the Protestant Episcopal church, in which belief he lived and died. After the death of Mr. Bailhache, Mr. Richard Ennis formed a partnership with Mr. L. A. Parks in the job- printing business. Mr. Ennis soon retirel, and his place was taken by J. T. Beem. The firm of Parks & Beem continued until the spring of 1861, when the Courier ceased publication. Then L. A. Parks, J. T. Beem and Samuel V. C'rossman associated themselves together, and revived the publication of the Telegraph. The firm con- tinued until Mr. Beem volunteered and entered the service. Parks & Grossman continued to publish the Telegraph until 186-1, when Grossman retired^ and Thomas S. Pinckard became his successor. The latter withdrew from the firm, February 1st, 1866. Mr. Parks remained editor and sole proprietor until August 10th of the same year, when Charles Holden purchased an interest in the paper, and the firm of L. A. Parks & Co. was formed, and continued unchanged until August, 1867, at which time W. T. Norton secured a third interest, the firm name remaining and continuing the same until the death of Mr. Parks, which event occurred April 1st, 1875. Then Messrs Holden and Norton purchased Parks' interest, and continued the publication of the paper until May 1st, 1880, when Holden retired, and Mr. Norton became sole owner, and has continued to the present time. The paper was started under the name of the Telegraph. On the 17th of April, 1841, its" name was changed to the Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review. In the year 1853 the words "Democratic Review" were dropped, and " Madison County Review" substituted. It was then pub- lished as the Alton Telegraph and Madison County Record, which name it retained until its suspension, or until the time when the subscription lists were sold to George T. Brown of the Courier. Mr. Lawson A. Parks, one-of the original founders of the Telegraph, was born and raised in Mecklenburg county. North Carolina, April 15th, 1813; in 1833 he came to St. Louis, and worked in the offi33 of the Missouri Republican- On the 8th of January, 1836, he came to Alton, and there in connection with R'chard M. Treadway, founded the Telegraph. He was a practical printer, and at the time of his death was perhaps the oldest printer and publisher in Illinois. In his youth he had but little opportunities for receiving an education, but by long continuance at the case, and in the newspaper business, he gained a thorough knowledge of the practical questions of the day. He was a strong, bold, rather than an ornate writer. His editorials read well, and never left the reader in doubt as to his posi- tion upon any question. He was eminently a self-made man, possessed of a strong, vigorous mind. He formed his own opinions, uninfluenced by others. Although reared in a slave state, and under slavery influence, he early imbibed a hatred against the system, and as soon as practicable came north to the free state of Illinois, where he could speak and write unmolested and unrestrained, of that foul blot and enormous sin of the nineteenth century. Mr. Norton, the present editor and proprietor of the Telegraph, is a native of Alton, and a son of Rev. A. T. Norton, a Presbyterian minister, and for many years the editor of the Fresbijlerian Reporter. He graduated from Shuitleft' College in 1866, and soon after obtained an inter- est in the Telegraph, and adopted journalism as a profession. The Telegraph, under Mr. Norton's administration, sus- tains the high character given by his predecessors. He is a smooth, fluent and pleasant writer, and a gentleman whose acquaintance it is a real pleasure to make. The office is fitted up in a superior manner. The presses are run by a Bachus water motor of three horse power. The motor is simple in construction. It contains within the iron case a wheel provided with buckets It is con- nected with the sheet mains by a supply pipe ; the di- ameter of the nozzle entering the motor is not larger than a lead pencil, but the expansion of the water is so great tliat after it enters the motor, a four inch waste pipe is re- quired. The stream from a supply pipe striking the buckets, causes the wheel to revolve rapidly, furnishing the necessary power to run all the presses. It has great advantages over steam power in cheapness, durability and cleanliness. TUE ALTOX AMERICAN, Wa? the nara3 of afivecolumn paper established in Allon November 8th, 1833. Its founder, J. S. Buchanan, was a HISTORY OF MAD IS 01^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 207 ■writer of some merit- It was devoted to the agricultural, mechanical ami mercantile interests of L^jwer Alton and Ticiuity. It had a brief existence. The paper was a monthly publication printed at Alton by Jlessrs. Braley & Parks, and edited by Kev. T. Lippincott. It was a religious but not denominational newspaper. THE ALTON OBSERVER, Ha3 a tragic history, which can best be told in a sketch of Elijah Parrish Lovejoy, its editor and proprietor. For the facts herein contained we are indebted, and quote largely from "Tanner's Life of Lovejoy." Wr. Tanner was an old resident of Alton, and was one of the fciV so-called abolition- ists of the time who stood manfully by Mr. Lovejoy in his efforts to establish a free press and free speech on the free soil of Illinois. Mr. E. P. Loveji\y was born in Albion, Maine, Xovember 8, 1802, and was thirty-five years old lacking a day wheo he was foully murdered. He was the son of Rev. Daniel C. Lovejoy, a Congregational minister. Soon after his gradua- tion from Watertown College, he drifted to St- Louis, where he first became a schoi 1 teacher, and subsequently editor of the Si. Loitii Times, a Whig paper. lu 1832, the whole current of his life was changed by a sudden conversion to the Christian faith. His fervency and zeal in the cause of liis Redeemer demanded that he should put aside other du- ties and prepare himself to preach the gospel. With that idea strongly dominating all others he entered Princeton Theological Seminary, pursued his studies diligently and un- ceasingly, and was licensed to preach in 1833. It was known that he was a ready and apt writer, and he was put iu edito- rial charge of the St. Louk Obxerv er, which was then the organ of the Presbyterians iu Missouri and Illinois. He had no sooner taken control than he made the paper the vehicle for the conveyance of his opinions regarding the institution of slavery, which then existed in all the Southern states. He was from the start its bitter and unrelenting foe, and dealt it powerful blows. The right to discuss this question in all its bearings was dcniel him. So bitter and extreme had his invectives become, that the original proprie- tors of the Observer thought it best to muzzle him, so to speak; but their counsels were divided, and they gave him a half-hearted consent to continue. With the issue of June 21st, 1836, was announced the intention of Mr. Lovejoy to remove the press and material of the office to Alton, Illinois. A few days afterwards it was boxed, but befuie it could leave much of it was destroyed and thrown into the river. What was left of the press was shipped to Alton, and unfortunate- ly unloaded on the wharf before daylight on Sunday morn- ing, where it lay all day for the inspection of the crowd of idlers and evil disposed persons, and before the next morn- ing it was destroyed and cast into the river. Nothing daunted Lovejoy procured a new press which arris'cd September 8, 1836, and a few days later the first number of the Alton Observer was issued. Its publication cintinued regularly until Augu.st 17th, 1837, when it again became the subject of mob violence. During the summer of the latter year the country was excited to fcvtr luat by the discussions upon slavery. The Observer, owing to its decided stand upon that subject had risen in power, and had more than doubled its circulation. He published June 29th, 1837, the "call" for signatures to petitions for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. It provoked great opposition, which was measurab'y increased the following week, when he pulv lished his reasons for forming without delay an " Illinois State Anti-Slavery S)ciety. " The editorial was evidently written on the 4th of July, the natal day of our inde- pendence. We quote from the article, " This day (the 4th), reproaches our sloth and inactivity. It is the day of our iu lependenee. Even as we write crowds are hurrying past our window in eager anticipation, to the appointed bower, to listen to the declaration that ' all men are born free and equal ; ' to hear the orators denounce in manly iudignati )n the attempt of England to lay the yoke up >n the shoul- ders of our fathers whteh neither they nor their children ciuld bear. Alas, what bitter mockery is this? We a.ssem- ble to thank God for our own freedom, and to eat and drink with joy and gladness of heart while our feet are up )n the necks of nearly three million of our fellow-men. Not all our shouts of self-congratulation can drown their groars — even that very flag of freedom that waves over our heads is formed from materials cultivated bv slaves on a soil moist- ened with their blood, drawn from them by the whip of a republican taskmaster." Two days after the appearance of the paper containing the above editorial anonymous handbills were posted about the cit)' calling upon those who disapproved the course of the Observer ''to meet at the Public market July 11, 1837." At the meeting resolutions were drawn up and passed de- nouncing the paper. A committee was appointed, whose duty it was to get into shape the " sense of the meeting," and convey it in some tangible shape to Mr. Lovejoy. It was done, and it called forth from the editor his celebrated editorial entitled " What are the doctrines of the Anti- Slavery Men ?" The action of the market-house meeting led naturally to a mob, which first attempted to a.ssault Love- joy, then on the same night, August 21st, 1837, broke into the office of the Observer and destroyed the press and type. The friends of Lovejoy and free speech at once held a meet- ing and decided that the paper should be re-establifhed. Money was obtained with which to purchase another press. The order was made and filled, and the new press and mate- rial arrived at Alton, September 21st, 1837. It was the third press for the Observer office. Mr. Lovejoy was absent upon its arrival. His friends placed it for safe keeping in a warehouse, and a constable was posted at the door to guard it until a certain hour iu the night, after which it was supposed it would not be molested. After the official re- tired twelve men broke down the door, entered the building, rolled the press out to the river bank, broke it up and cast it into the river. A new press was immediately ordered, and a public meeting of the citizens of Alton called, at which the right of a free press and free speech were insisted upon. Resolutions were offered, demanding that protection be afforded Mr. Lovejoy and his property, " on the ground of principle golely and altogether disconnected from appro- 208 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS bation of his sentiments." The adoption of tliese resolu- tions were opposed by the pro-shivery men in the meeting- A committee was appointed to draft resolutions embodying the sense of the meeting. They asked until the next day to make their report. W- S. Oilman, a friend of Lovejoy, offered certain resolutions declaring in substance " the right of every citizen to speak, write, or print his opinions on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that right to the law administered through and by its regular tribunals." 1 It was lost. The next day the committee reported the fol- lowing set of resolutions." (1.) That it was expedient to i abstain from a discussion of principles in themselves deemed right and of the highest importance. (2) That the estab- lishment of a properly conducted religious paper would be desirable and approved by the people of Alton. (3.) That without desiring to restrain the liberty of the press in gen- eral, it was indispensable that Mr. Lovejoy should not be ! allowed to conduct a paper, and that he ought to retire from the charge of the Alton Observer." Mr. Oilman, one of the committee, protested against the passage of the in- famous resolutions as reported, but he was alone. We can- not forbear to give a few extracts from the speech of Love- joy who was present at the meeting. He replied : " Mr. Chairman, I have not desired any compromise. I have asked for nothing but to be protected in my rights as a citi- zen, rights which Ood has given me, and which are guaran- teed to me by the constitution. Havel, sir, been guilty of any infraction of the laws? Whose good name have I in- jured? When and where have I published anything injuri- ous to the reputation of Alton ? What, sir, has been my offense? Put your finger upon it, define it, and I stand ready to answer it. If I have committed any crime you can easily punish me for it. You have public sentiment in your favor * * * * I plant myself down on my un- questionable rights, and the question to be decided is, whether I shall be protected in the exercise and enjoyment of those rights. That is ihe question, sir. Whether ray property shall be protected, whether I shall be suffered to go home to my family at night without being assailed and threatened with tar and feathers and assassination ; whether my afflicted wife, whose life has been in jeopardy from con- stant alarm and excitement, shall, night after night, be driven from a sick bed to the garret to save her life from the brickbats and violence of the mobs. That, sir, is the ques- tion." Here he was overcome by the memory of his be- loved wife's afflictions, and he broke down and sobbed. In conclusion he siid, "I cannot leave here and go else- where. I have no more claim upon the protection of any other community than I have upon this, and I have con- cluded, after consultation with my friends and earnestly seeking counsel of Ood, to remain at Alton and here to in- sist on protection in the exercite of my rights. If the civil authorities refuse to protect me I must look to Ood, and if I die I have determined to make my grave in Al- ton." While speaking, an eye-witness says, " his manner was calm and serious, though firm and decidtd" The fourth press for the Observer office was shipped from Cinciunat', and received at Alton on the night of the 6th of November, 1837, by the friends of Mr. Lovejoy. It was stored away in the warehouse of one of the largest and most respectable firms in Alton. Some sixty well-armed mm were prepared to receive and guard it. The night passed, and the next day, and there was no appearance of a mob. As the night of the 7th approached, the friends and defenders of the press gathered in the warehouse, but about nine o'clock, there being no appearance or evidence of a mob, members of the company began to disperse to their homes, some fe* of the number, at the suggestion of Mr. Oilman, remaining with him through the night. One hour later, some signs of disturbance were noticed, and it was evident that the mob was gathering by preconcerted signal. The leaders of the mob approached the building and informed the guard that, unless the press was g ven up, the building would be burnt over their heads. The request was refused. The mob then attempted to force an entrance to the building, when the besieged were ordered to fire, which they did, and killed one of the attacking party. Attempts were ihen made to fire the building, and in order to prevent this a sortie was made by three of the inside guard, at whose head was E. P. Lovejoy ; as they emerged from the building into the bright moonlight they were fired upon by a portion of the mob, stationed near the building, and hid from sight by a pile of boards. Five balls entered the body of Lovejoy, and the other two men were seriously wounded. Lovejoy ran back up the stairs and into the counting room, where he fell into the arms of friends; he was laid upon the floor, and a few moments afterwards expired. Thus ftll the first martyr in the defense of the cause of the freedom of a race, free speech, and a free press, foully murdered by a mob, whose hate and malignity was aroused and put in motion by the leaders and men of the pro-slavery party. " His virtues will plead like angels, trumpet-tongued against the deep damna- tion of his taking off, and pity, like a new-born babe strid- ing the blast, or heaven's cherubims, horsed upon the sight- less couriers of the air, shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, that tears shall drown the wind." The press was surrounded, taken, and broken up, and it, too, cast into the Mi'ssi.-sippi river. Mr. Lovejoy possessed dauntless courage and heroic will, and no amount of abuse or threats could drive him from what he conceived to be plain duty. " With him principle was everything, life nothing when thrown into the scale with duty." He wielded a powerful pen, and there was an earnestness about his writing that carried conviction with it. He was not only at times forcible, elegant, smooth and cogent, but also a fine descrip- tive writer, as the following extract from a letter dated Alton, February 9th, 1S37, and published in the Christian Mirror, will show : " If the wisdom of the schools can not teach you the true character of slavery, come with me and let us interrogate yonder illiterate, untaught slave ; he is just returning, faint and weary, from the toils of the day ; he is an aged man, and has had fur many years a practical acquaintance with slavery ; let us hear his reply to the ques. tion. What is slavery ? It is to have my back subjected to the cowhide or the cartwhip at the will or caprice of my master or any of his family. Every child has a right to HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 209 kick, or curse or cuff the old man. It is to toil all day beneath an almost vertical sun, with the bitter certainty always before me, that not one cent of what I earn is, or can be my own. ' It is to depart from my hut in the morn- ing with the sickening fear that before my return at night it ■will be visited by the slave-dris-ing fiend. It is to return at night and find my worst fears realized, my first-born son> denied even the poor privilege of bidding his father fare- well, is on his way, a chained, manacled victim, to a distant market, there to be disposed of in shambles, where human flesh is bought and sold. It is to enter into my cabin and see my wife or daughter struggling in the lustful embraces of my master or some of his white friends, without daring to at- tempt their rescue, for should I open my lips to remonstrate, a hundred lashes would be the consequence ; and should I raise my hand to smite the brutal wretch, nothing but death could atone for the sacrilege. But above all to be a slave, is to be denied the privilege of reading the gospel, to have no control over my own children and consequently to be de- prived of the power and means of educating them in the principles of morality and religion. In one word, to be de- graded from man to a brute, to become, instead of a free moral agent, a thing, a piece of property and to be used as such, to be deprived of all personal and all civil rights, to be shut out from all enjoyment in this world and all hope in the next.' " The Observer was afterward printed in Cincinnati, by Elisha W. Chester and sent to Alton for distribution. Rev- T. B. Hurlburt acted as agent, and attended to furnishing some local news. That arrangement was continued for a few years and then abandoned. THE ILLIKOIS TLMTEEAKCE DEEALD, Was a monthly publication, the first number of which was issued June 1st, 1836, at Alton. A. \V. Corey was the editor, assisted by Timothy Turner, a noted temperance worker and orator. It was a four column folio, published under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the Illinois Temperance Society. It reached a circulation of from six to eight thousand copies. It was discontinued in the latter part of 1842. THE ALTON COMMERCIAL GAZETTE, Founded by Samuel S. Brooks and John H. Pettit, March 12tii, 1830. It was an ably conducted journal, Democratic in politics. It suspended publication in March 1840, but was revived in May of the same year, and did good service in the presidential campaign, at the close of which it again suspended. THE ALTONIAX, No. 1, of Vol. 1, made its appearance April 6, 1838. L. A. Parks and Edmund Breath were the editors and publishers. It was a four (wide) column folio. Whig in politics, and supported Henry Clay for the presidency. In the third number the editors say, " We feel highly flattered at the reception our paper meets with, but the mere approval of 27 those who agree with us in sentiment will not support us. We desire more substantial proofs of their good will for we cannot, like the chameleon ' feed on air. ' Our paper at pre- sent contains more reading matter than any other paper in I the state, and the cost of publication is consequently consid- ) erable. As yet we have not received a sufficient number of subscribers to cover expenses, and have determined to sus- pend operations until we secure six hundred. We shall issue an extra whenever we have matter sufficiently impor- tant to communicate." The above tells but the story of its rise and fall. WESTERN PIONEER AND BAPTIST STANDARD BEARER. The Pioneer was established at Rock Spring, St. Clair county, Illinois, in January 1829. It was the organ, and was published under the auspices of the Rock Spring seminary, a Baptist school founded by John M. Peck. In 1836 the press was removed to Alton, and the first number of the Western Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer issued Sept. 14, 1536. It was edited by Rev. John M. Peck, E. Rogers and Rev. Washington Leverett. With the commencement of the 2d volume the words " Baptist Standard Bearer" were dropped, and it was then known as the Western Pio- neer. It was the organ of the Baptist church throughout the west, and was the pioneer religious paper west of Ohio. That it was ably conducted, it is sufficient to know that John M. Peck was its controlling genius and supporter. He was a strong, vigorous writer, and eminently qualified to establish the first religious journal in Illinois. VOICE OP ILLINOIS Was a campaign paper, published by the Whig Executive Committee for Jladison county. It was a four column folio. The first number was issued jNIay 19th, 1838. It supported Cyrus Edwards for Governor, AVilliam H. David- son for Lieut. Governor, and George Churchill for senator. It suspended at the close of the campaign. THE SUCKER, was established in Alton, January 5, 1840. It was publish- ed by Messrs. Parks & Beatty and edited by "Ourselves," who were understood to be William S. and John Lincoln, sons of Levi Lincoln, Governor of JMassachusetts and Junius Hall. On the 2 1st JIarch of the same year it was merged with the Telegraph. It was a Whig paper, and supported Harrison for the presidency. The following is the valedic- tory of the editors. "The Sucker, from a temporary wandering in this mun- dane sphere is about to become immortal. The nature of our engagements is such that we cannot without serious loss to ourselves and a neglect for higher duties, superintend the publication of a weekly paper. There are a thousand little troublesome details connected with the issue of a news- paper of which the world has no knowledge, and of vvhich naturally enough in the commencement of our enterprise, we made no account. Wisdom however is better than riches, and we cannot say, therefore, but that we have received a consideration for our money. We have several items of ex- 210 HISTORY Of" MADISOJ^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. perience laid up in our memories which we have acquired in a similar manner, and which we consider among the best capital \vc have. THE WESTERN WEEKLY MIRROR was established at Edwardsville by James Ruggles iu May, 1838. He was editor and proprietor. The Mirror was de- voted to the introduction and propagation of a universal language by which the whole human family could hold con- verse with one another and be understood. It was a •worthy mission, but the feeble effort of its progenitor fell still- born. It continued until the spring of 1840, when its name was changed to the SOVEREIGN PEOPLE. It continued until the summer of 1841, when it suspended. THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM AND THE CANDID EXAMINER. A semi-religious paper printed at Alton and edited by A. Doubleday. In the prospectus the editor says : " Its mission was to reveal to the world much light and hold in one hand the key to unlock the mazy labyrinth of iniquity and pour celestial oil and light on the eye-ball of reason, that it may dispel the gloomy mist of superstition by hold- ing out the ' Olive Branch ' of amity, and saying, " Let us reason together while now and then we will throw a smooth stone at the forehead of error so as to enlighten mankind." The contract undertaken by the editor was entirely too large for him. He had but one opportunity of " pouring oil and light on the eye-ball of reason," and the "smooth stones " gave out after the issue of the first number. THE PROTESTANT MONITOR was established in Alton in March 1848. Mr. John M. McPike was one of the publishers. It was devoted to Chris- tianity, free discussion, literature, agriculture, general intelligence, the glory of God and the rights of man. On the 23d of June, 18 48 the name was changed to the ALTON MONITOR, with its religious mantle exchanged for that of Democracy, and the names of Lewis Cass and William O. Butler nailed to the mast-head as its candidates for the Presidency and Vice Presidency. Mr. McPike withdrew from the paper. It was continued as a campaign paper a few weeks later, how- ever. The names Cass and Butler were taken down and Mar- tin Van Buren's substituted. It was then under the editorial control of John W. Buffum. It suspended at the close of the campaign. THE PRESBYTERY REPORTER was a religious magazine the first number of which appear- ed May 1st, 1845. The first year only two numbers were issued. From May 1847 to May 1850 it was published quarterly, sixteen pages. From May 1850 to May 1854 it was published bi-monthly. The subscription list was then transferred to the Evangelist, printed at Chicago. In May 1855 the publication of the Reporter was resumed at Alton, and continued monthly, as the organ of the Presbyteries of the Illinois and Peoria synods. Rev A. S. Norton is the editor. THE MADISON RECORD. The first issue of the above named paper was made at Edwardsville, February 14th, 1850. Messrs. Dallam & Ruggles were the editors and publishers. In November of the same year, Dallam retired, and his place was taken by Lemuel E. Smith. Ou the 19th of December the firm un- derwent another change. Ruggles retired and David Gillespie, Esq. became a partner with Smith, and editor of the paper. Mr. Robert H. Ruggles, one of the founders of the paper, afterward went to Henry, in Marshall county, Illinois, and there founded the Courier. The Record, under the manage- ment of Messrs. White & Gillespie, continued until the spring of 1851, when the latter withdrew, and soon after the paper suspended. THE ALTON COURIER, In its day, was the most influential newspaper in Southern Illinois. It was established in Alton, and made its first issue June 4th, 1852. It was founded by Geo. T. Brown, a promi- nent member of the Madison county bar and an enterprising and wealthy citizen of Alton. Associated with him were John Fitch, who, prior to his removal to Alton, had been editor of the CarroUton Banner, and James Gamble. The Courier was issued as a daily, tri-weekly and weekly paper- It was an eight column folio. Politically it was Democratic^ and was designed and regarded as the exponent of the prin- ciples of that political organization. It was founded upon a very liberal scale, and from its very first issue, assumed a commanding position among the newspapers of the State. At the close of the first volume, Mr. Gamble retired. Mr. Fitch continued with the paper until 1854, when he dis- solved his connection with the Courier and soon after became editor of the Nationrd Democrat. At the time the Courier was established, the Telegraph was the only paper published in Alton. It was then the organ of the Whig party in Southern Illinois, as it had been previously the leading paper in the state. The leaders of the Democratic party had long felt the need of an organ, and to meet that want, the Courier was established. It continued to do valiant service for the party until 1854, when the agitation of the Kansas-Ne- braska troubles commenced. The Courier took a decided stand in favor of Free-soil, which then meant no farther ex- tension of slavery. The re%rajo A -advocated the same measures, and thus, though starting widely different, they, by the operation of politics, were advocating and aiming at the same object. In the campaign of 1856, the Courier advo- cated the claims of John C. Fremont for the presidency. As before stated, both the Courier and {telegraph were Free-soil papers, and under the circumstances, it was deemed advisable to have but one. In short, there was not room in Alton for two papers occupying the same ground and advo- cating the same measures. After some preliminary sparring. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 211 negotiations were opened between the two papers which re- sulted in Mr. Brown purchasing the subscription lists of the Telegraph and transferring them to the Courier. The former paper then ceased publication, but the material in the office remained intact. It was then used as a job office until 18G1, when the Telegraph was revived. Mr. Brown continued editor and sole proprietor of the Courier until January 1st, 1860, when he transferred it to B. J. F. Hanna and S. V. Grossman. Of Jlr. Brown it may be said that he was the ablest news- paper man in the history of the journalism of Madison county. He was not only a talented writer but was a su- perior manager, and had he chosen to give all his time and attention to the business, would have achieved fame and reputation as a journalist. Contemporaries and present jour- nalists of the county, accord to him the first place among the newspaper managers, editorial and political writers of the county. He was a warm-hearted, generous gentleman, and had a host of admirers and friends. He was subsequently appointed sergeant at arms of the United States senate, a position he held for a number of years, and died in Washing, ton in 186-. The following we quote from the Gazetteer of Madison county: "From its ver}^ beginning, the Courier occupied a prominent position in the front rank of journal- ism, and soon came to be regarded as the leading paper in Southern Illinois. Politically, it was alwa)^s a success. Financially, it was ultimately a failure, though for some years it was a prosperous and money-making enterprise. The causes which involved and finally led to its suspension, are well known to those conversant with the history of Alton from the years I806 to 1866. The Courier always pro- fessed to be Democratic in princi|)le and spirit, even after it had ceased to be the organ of the Democratic party. In 1854 it supported the Anti-Nebraska ticket; in 1856 it ad- vocated the election of Gen. Fremont to the presidency, and ever afterward was a firm, consistent and uncompromising Republican journal. A history of the Courier would be incomplete without some mention of the building from which it was issued 'during the latter years of its existence. In 1856 Mr. Brown, finding the premises then occupied by him much too small for his growing business, erected at a very large expense, a magnificent four story building, with a basement, for his use. This he fitted up in the most perfect and thorough manner, making it in all respects a 77io(/£'/ printing establish- ment, — the finest in the state, and almost without a rival in the West. The Republican office, in St. Louis, was the only one that could compare with it, and even that was inferior in many particulars. This building was subsequently occu- pied by the Alton Telegraph, which was revived upon the suspension of the Courier, a.\\i\ still stands, an ornament to the citj'j and a monument to the enterprise aud public spirit of its builder, George T. Brown. The firm of Hanna & Cross- man continued the publication of the Courier until May, 1860, when they a.ssociated with them Btnijamin Teasdale and B. F. Webster. The firm name was then changed to Hanna, Grossman & Co. They conducted the paper through the campaign of 1860. In December of the same year Mr. Webster severed his connection with the Courier, and it was continued by the remaining members of the firm until Jan- uary 20, 1861, when its publication was suspended, and it sank to rise no more. THE ALTON NATIONAL DEMOCRAT was established in 1854. The causes that led to its estab- lishment were briefly the agitation of the " Nebraska Bill," which was made the test of party fealty, and the desire of the friends of the bill to have an organ that would quote them correctly and defend the measures of the dominant wing of the Democratic party. The Courier had failed to stand the test, and gave unmistakable evidences of going over to the enemy. The Democrat was started by George JI. Thomson, Esq., as publisher and proprietor, and John Fitch, lately of the Courier, as editor. At first it was a five-column folio, but its support was hearty and generous, and it soon grew to a double medium, and commenced a daily edition Mr. Thompson, after a few months, retired from the pro- prietorship, aud the paper fell into the hands of its editor, Mr. Fitch. Under his management new presses and steam- power were purchased, and the Democrat soon became one of the notable institutions of the city. John Fitch associated with him T. S. Fitch, his brother, and together they edited and managed the paper until March, 1859, when the latter withdrew from the firm, and the publication was continued by John Fitch. He erected a new building to accommodate the growing business, and into it removed the presses, type and material, and precisely one week from that time, June 6, 1860, the building, ])resses, type, steam-fixtures and all, were totally demolished and swept away by a tornado. That catastrophe so disheartened Mr. Fitch that he announced his intention to abandon the printing business. There was a lapse in the publication of seven weeks, then Robert P. Tansey purchased a new outfit of presses and types, and resumed the publication. A few mouths later the concern pa.«s?d into the hands of William T. Brock, and from him to W. T. Dowdall (at present editor and proprietor of the National Democrat, Peoria, Illinois). During the latter's administration Thomas Dimmock, now on the editorial staff' of the M'uasouri Rcpuhlican, was the editor. Mr. Dowdall sold out the Democrat to John C. Dobelbower of Jerseyville, Illinois. The latter took possession Decem- ber 1, 1864. Mr. Dimmock coiuinued editor of the paper after the change of proprietors. On the 8th and 9tli of February, 1866, the presses, type and fixtures of the office were destroyed by fire. With commendable energy and enterprise the publication of the Democrat was resumed by its owner on the 17th of March following. It was enlarged, and many improvements were made. Its publication con- tinued until 186ct, when it was removed to Lafayette, Indiana. In 185'3 was commenced the MADISON COUNTY EN'CJUIREK. The date of the first issue was at Edwardsville, March 26, 1853. Theodore Terry was the editor. He was not a very able writer ; his habits were none of the best, aud he lost 212 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. caste among the good people of Edwardsville and vicinity. His paper suspended iu 185G, and from its ruius sprang THE WEEKLY MADISON PRESS, ■which was started by Theodore Terry and James R. Brown, at Edwardsville, August 17, 1858, and was Democratic in politics. The partnership of Terry & Brown continued until December 15, 1858, when it was dissolved. Brown retiring, and Terry continued the Press. THE MADISON COUNTY ADVERTISER, whose founder was James R. Brown, made its first issue June 26, 1856. Mr. Brown issued four numbers, when the office passed into the possession of O. C. Dake, Esq. Subse- quently Joseph L. Krafft assumed control, and from him it was transferred to William G. Pinchard, Jr. In 1860 the latter sold it to Col. Frank Springer, and he in turn transferred it to Thompson & Dunnegan. They published the Advertiser for eight months, then Thompson got entire control of the office, and he continued the publication until the latter part of the summer of 1865, when it passed into the posses- sion of Messrs. Whitman & Crabb. They changed the name from the Press to the MADISON COUNTY COURIER, The first number of which was issued at Edwardsville, October 12th, 1865. Crabb soon retired from the partner- ship, and Whitman continued the publication until October 5th, 1869, when he sold the material to S. Y. Crossman, editor and proprietor of the RepuhUcan. All of the above papers were the continuations of the Madison Advertiser, and ■were Whig and Eepublican in politics. THE SUCKER LIFE BOAT Was the name of a small comic paper published in Alton, the first number of which was issued in January, 1855. John T. Beem, Martin Brooks and Willbur T. Ware were the editors and publishers. It suspended in July of the same year. THE VOR'ft'ARTS, The first German newspaper printed in Madison county, was established in Alton, in 1852, by P. Stibolt and V. Walter. It was in form a five column folio, well printed and ably edited. It was Democratic in politics, and supported the measures advocated by the then rising statesman, Stephen A Douglas. In 1854 the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Stibolt removed the press and material to Galena, Ills. Subse. qently he removed to Peoria, Illinois, and was there one of the editors of the Deutsche Zeitung. THE ILLINOIS BEOBACHTER, Was the name of a German weekly newspaper started in Alton in June, 1856, by John Eeis. It was the exponent of the principles and German organ of the Douglas wing of the Democratic party. Its founder continued its publica- tion until March, 1863, when he died. V. Walter then became the editor and proprietor. He carried the paper over to the Republicans, defending Lincoln's administra- tion, and giving a hearty support to the war measures for the suppre.ssion of the rebellion. In the presidential cam- pain of 1864, it gave Lincoln a warm and cordial support. It had much to do at that time in educating and sustaining the union sentiment among the German portion of the com- munity. In October, 1864, Mr. Walter sold the paper to G. H. Weigler, who continued the Beobachter until Febru- ary Sth, 1S66, when the office, with its contents, was totally destroyed by fire. In the summer of 1858, Dr. Canesius and Christian Schneider established in Alton a German weekly paper, which bore the name of the FREIE PRESSE. With the" second issue the paper was transferred to i Schneider, who continued the publication for one year, when it was discontinued. THE MISSOURI CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN Was removed from St. Louis, to Alton, in March, 1855, and there published until the following June. The subscription lists were then sold and transferred to the Watchman and Evangelist at Louisville, Kentucky. It was edited by Dr. J. B. Logan, a distinguished minister of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church. The paper was originally started in April, 1852, at Lexington, Miasouri, where it was published for one year. In April, 1853, it was removed to St. Louis, and on the 15th of March, 1855, removed to Alton. THE ladies' pearl Was a monthly publication, issued at Alton, and published in the intere.st and under the auspices of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Dr. J. B. Logan and Rev. W. W. Brown were the Editors. It was started iu the summer of 1857, and continued until the breaking out of the war in 1861, when it suspended. THE GOOD TEMPLAR Was established in Alton in 1865, and continued for three years. It was edited by B. H. Mills. It had been formerly published in St. Louis. Mr. Mills was an able writer, and was the author of a work on Temperance. THE ALTON BANNER Is the name of a German newspaper started in Alton in May, 1866. It was established by the Pfieflier Bros. In October of the same year, John Mold, a practical printer, purchased the paper, and continued the publication until October 1st, 1868. Then the leaders of the Republican party in Alton bought the Banner, and put Mr. V. Walter in charge of it as editor. He continued one year, when it was sold to Messrs. Meyer & Voss. In 1870, Meyer pur- chased Voss' interest, and continued the publication until January 6th, 1877, when he sold the Banner to R. Boelitz. The latter continued editor and proprietor until July 1st, HISTORY OF MAD ISO I^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 213 1881, then sold to Messrs. Zechiueister & Henzel, and they continued to April 26th, 1S82, when Messrs. Kleinwot & Henzel became the editors and publishers. The Banner is independent in politics. Mr. Zechmeister is editor. He was formerly connected with the St. Charles Democrat, Mo. The Banner has a good circulation, and is the most inde- pendent German newspaper published in the county. WESTERN COMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN, No. 1, of Vol. 1, was issued June, 1862, at Alton. It was intended to supply a demand occasioned by the sale and re- moval of the St. Louis Observer to the east, leaving all the northwest part of the church without an organ to properly represent them. It was devoted to religion, morality, church information, and religious news generally. It was founded and edited by Eev. J. B. Logan. In 1866, he sold the sub- scription lists to T. H. Perrin, but remained editor of the paper until 18G8, at which time Rev. J. R. Brown, D. D., bought a half interest in the paper. Dr. Logan then pur- chased the subscription lists of the Cumberland Presbyterian, and united with Dr. Brown. The word " Western " was dropped, and the uuitcd paper called THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN. The publication was continued until October, 1874, when the paper was sold and removed to Nashville, Tennessee. OUR FAITH. A religious paper bearing the above title was started in Alton in September, 1875. T. H. Perrin and Dr. J. B. Logan were the proprietors. It was published monthly, and was designed as the mouthpiece of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church. It was continued one year and seven months, when it was sold to the St. Louis Observer Co., of which paper Messrs. Perrin & Smith are the proprietors, and Rev. Benton Farr, D. D., editor, and Rev. W. C Logan assistant editor. As will be seen by the foregoing. Dr. J. B. Logan had an extensive connection with the religious journals of Madison county. He was a native of Huntsville, Alabama, and was born Dec. 18th, 1820. He was regularly ordained, and entered the ministry of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church while yet a young man. He came to the southwest part of Missouri on missionary service, and soon after set- tled in Lexington, and from there went to St. Louis, and then to Alton, where he organized the Cumberland Presby- terian Church, and was its pastor for nineteen years. Dur- ing that period he was president of the Board of Missions, and was moderator of the General Assembly, which is the highest office in the Cumberland Presbyterian organization. He removed from Alton to Taylorville, Illinois, and there died September 14lh, 1878. Dr. Logan was a voluminous and extensive writer. Besides the great amount of writing he did for religious journals, he was the author of a number of published works, which had for their object the enlighten- ment of the masses upon the principles and tenets of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Notably among his works are : " Alice McDonald," " Carrie Holmes," " Tract on Happiness," and others. Dr. Logan did not possess a col- legiate education, but he was a great student and read ex- tensively. He was blessed with a naturally strong and vigorous mind and an exceedingly retentive memory. As a writer as well as a speaker, he was plain though forcible. Productions of his pen read well. There is no attempt at profuse elaboration, but the point aimed at is plainly dis- cernible. That and their literary merit, make them very readable books. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by the Lincoln University at Lincoln, Illinois. The first newspaper established in the village of High- land was the ERZAEHLER. It was founded and the first copy" printed March 26th, 1859. The editors and proprietors were Rudolph Stadtmann and John Harlen. It was printed in the German language. It was in form a five column folio. On the 7th of May of the same year its name was changed to the HIGHLAND BOTE. On the 25th of June following, the office and fixtures passed into the possession of Messrs. Volege and Weis, who continued the publication until April 1863, when Tim- othy Gruaz became editor and proprietor. The latter gen- tleman at once refurnished the office, putting in new type, presses, etc, and when completed it was well equiped in all its appointments. He also gave the Bote a reputation as an outspoken, fearless Democratic newspaper. Believing that the principles as presented and advocated by that political organization, if adopted would redound to the advantage of the whole country, he did not hesitate to avow and proclaim them, notwithstanding they met with fierce opposition from a large number of people. During jMr. Gruaz' proprietorship of the Bote it was the organ of the National Rifle Club, and Sharp Shooters' Society. He continued the publication of the Bote until June, 1868, when he sold out to Messrs. B. E. Hoffman and Maurice Huggy, who continued as a firm in the publication until November, 1869, when Hoff"- man purchased Huggy's interest, and moved the press and material to Edwardsville. At the latter place the name of the paper was changed to the MADISON COUNTY BOTE. Mr. Hoffman edited and published the paper until 1870, then sold it to E. G. Wolf and Frank Haag. They contin- ued until 1873 when they failed, and the publication was suspended. The presses and material reverted to Mr. Hoffman in consequence of default of payment on the part of Messrs. Wolf and Haag, and he sold it to Capt. Anthony Neusteadt of Collinsville in this county. In our judgment, had Mr. Hoffman chosen to contiuue in journalism he would have achieved success and journalistic fame, but from his version and statement of his experience, it was a succession of mishaps, perplexities and financial loss, and in addition he has no kind of doubt but that it was a source of great an- noyance to the public. We at the present writing, have not ascertained the opinion of the latter. 214 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. THE INTELLIGENCER was f juiuled by James R. Brown, at Edwanlsville, October 24tli, 1802. It started as a Democratic paper and has so re- mained, notwithstanding the vicissitudes through which papers of that political complexion have passed. Mr. Brown conducted the Intelligencer until his death, which event oc- curred April 30, 1882. He was a native of England. He came to America while yet a youth, settled in Edwardsville in 1853, and herelearned the printer's trade. He was quick, active and industrious, and soon became an adept in artistic printing. As a manager of a newspaper he was considera- bly above the average. He made his paper the organ and spokesman for his party under his own dictation. He was a man of positive views, and exceedingly strong will power that would brook no control, and which could not be dominated by others. His positive views and their too free expression led him into difficulties sometimes, but all admitted his hon- esty while deploring his want of tact. Articles from his pen were short, on the paragraphic style, and partook some- what of the nature of the writer. They were spicy, pun- gent, vigorous, sarcastic and not always well-timed. THE UNION Is the name of a German newspaper published at Highland in Madison county. It was established and the first number issued October 2-lth, 1863. Its founders and originators were some of the leading representative men of Highland and vicinity, who were in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war then in progress. They desired to have a journal in their midst that would uphold the Union cause and cul- tivate Union sentiment among the citizens of Highland. They subscribed liberally. A company was formed, the presses and material purchased and the Union started. Charles Seybt was chosen editor, and continued in charge until January 28th, 1865, when he was succeeded by Dr. G. Eutz. When the paper was started it was a five column folio. With number eight, of volume one, it was enlarged to a seven column, same form but in volume second, it was reduced to six columns, and with number one of volume four it was enlarged to a seven column folio. On the 28th of December, 18G6, Dr. Rutz and John S. Hoerner purchased the office and material of the stock com- pany. On the22d of October, 1868, the name of the paper was changed to the Hiyhland Union, which name it still re- tains. On the same date it was enlarged to an eight column folio. The firm of Eutz & Hoerner continued the publication of the Union until March 18th, 1874, when Mr. Hoerner purchased his partner's share in the paper, and from that time to the present has continued sole proprietor and editor. On the 20th of April, 1877, the form of the paper was en- larged to a seven column quarto. The Union from its first issue has been Republican in politics. It took high ground in time of the war, and ably advocated the war measures of that time. In later years it has become more liberal — that is to say it might now be classed with the liberal Rejiublican newspapers of the day. In 1875 Mr. Hoerner purchased and placed in the office a Fairhaven power press. In 1879 he erected a large two- story brick building expressly to accommodate the printing business, and fitted it up with steam power, new presses; type, etc., and it is now, in all its appointments and conveni- ences for business, second to no other office in the county. Mr. Hoerner is a practical printer, and has served twenty- five years at the case and in the sanctum. He learned the trade in the printing offices of Edwardsville, and afterward worked in the offices of the St. Louis papers. In 18G6 he removed to Highland and became half owner in the Union, and subsequently sole proprietor, as above stated. THE EDWARDSVILLE REPUBLICAN Was established, by S. V. Grossman a practical printer. He was an Englishman by birth, and came to America, and learned the trade in Cincinnati. In 1854 he came to Alton, and there was connected with the publication of different papers. He was the foreman and superintendent of the mechanical department of the Courier office for a number of years. He came to Edwardsville in 1869, and brought with him a job office. With that material he commenced the publication of the Bepublicun. The first issue was made July 1st, 1869. About the 1st of October of the same year, he purchased the material of the Courier, a paper published iu Edwardsville which had sus- pended. He continued editor and proprietor until his death, which occurred in June, 1875. The publication of the paper was continued by the " S. V. Grossman Printing Company," afterwards E. B. Grossman, then O. S. Reed & Co. The latter firm continued until July 1st, 1879, when T. M. and W. R. Grossman formed a partnership under the firm name of Grossman Brothers, which still continues. The Bepuh- lican in form is an eight column folio. Politically, it has from its first issue been straight Republican. The office is well supplied with power and job presses, and fully equipped with the modern improvements of a country newspaper office. The Grossman Brothers are practical printers. The paper, under their control and management, has become one of the influential organs of the Republican party in this congress- ional district. While the Bepuhlican was run under the management of Robert B, Grossman, a daily paper was issued. It was kept up for a few weeks, then discontinued from lack of patronage. THE COLLINSVILLE ARGUS Was established in Gollinsville, August 12, 1871. The Union Publishing Company were the proprietors, and A. W. Angier editor. At the end of the first volume, Angier was succeeded by L. D. Caulk as editor. The paper was then owned by the Gollinsville Publishing Company, an organiza- tion of the leading business men of the village. Caulk was succeeded by Anton Neustadt, who became both editor and proprietor, having purchased the stock of the company. He held control until August, 1878, when Connolly & John- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 215 son became proprietors of the Argus- Connolly retired from the partnership in January, 1879, and A. W. Johnson con- tinued the paper until August of the same year, when its publication was suspended. The press and type were sold and shipped to Staunton in Macoupin county. The Argm was a seven column folio. After Mr. Angier retired from the editorship of tiie Argus, it became Republican in tone and so continued until 1878, when until its suspension, it was run as an Independent paper. After the Argus pa.ssed from the control of A. W. Augier, he commenced the pub- lication of a paper in Collinsville called the LIBERAL DEMOCRAT. The first number was issued October 10th, 1872. It was an eight column paper, Democratic in politics. The presses and type of the office were removed to Edwardsville in 1878, and on the 2d of October of that year, was started OUR TIMES, A. W. & J. S. Angier, editors and publishers. It was con- tinued until the latter part of March, 1881, when it was sold to Messrs. Price & Simcox. On the 28th of May 1, 1881 , the name of the paper was changed to the EDWARDSVILLE TIMES. Price withdrew from the firm June 18, 1881, and Mr. John L. Simcox continued the publication until July 16, when he took in as a partner, E. W. Anderson. The latter retired October 8, 1881. Mr. Simcox remained sole proprietor until December 1st, 1881, then sold a half interest to Joseph S. Umberger. The latter firm still continued until May 27, 1882, when A. L. Brown purchased the paper and changed the name to the Edwardsville Democrat, and changed the form from a seven column folio to a six column quarto with the sheets cut and pasted. He has refitted the office with new type and presses and now has a neat printing office He is a young man of ability and seems to be imbued with energy and a desire to excel, and we have no doubt but that in time the Democrat will become one of the able journals of this section of the country. THE TEMrERASCE BANXER Was issued in Alton. The first number was printed in August 1873. It continued until 1875, then suspended. R. L. Smiley was editor. It was published by Eugene Smith. Its name indicated its mission. In January, 1875, J. N. Shoemaker issued the first Dumber of the ALTON DEMOCRAT, The leading organ of the Democratic party in southern Illinois, was founded by James N. Shoemaker and Hugh E. Bayle in Alton in January, 1875. It was then issued ■weekly. During the first year, E. J. Bronson was con- nected with its publication. Ou the 17th of June, 1876, the daily edition was commenced, which has continued to the present. In September of the same year the paper passed into the hands of Messrs. Perrin, Smith &. Co. The "Co." was then D. C Fitz [Morris, who was the editor, a position he still retains. Perrin, Smith cO Co. continued until March 1st, 1878, when Fitz Morris withdrew from the firm, but as stated above, has continued editor of the Democrat. The daily is a seven column folio and the weekly a six column quarto. The Democrat, under the vigorous management of Messrs. Perrin & Smith and its able editor, has grown to be one of the most potential political organs in southern Illinois. Both Messrs. Perrin and Smith are practical printers. The former is a native of Alton, and learned the trade in the old Courier office. The latter served an apprenticeship in the office of the Telegraph. Both bring to the trade a practical knowledge of the business. The office in all its appointments is the best equipped for doing all kinds of business in the county, and is unexcelled in the southern part of the state. THE TROY W'EEKLY BULLE TIN, The first newspaper issued in the enterprising village of Troy in Madison county, was a paper bearing the above title. James N. Jarvis was its founder, editor and proprietor. The first number was issued February 22d, 1873. Mr. Jarvis continued the publication of the Bulletin until April 15th, 1881, when he sold it to George Armstrong and Joseph S. Umberger. They published it until July 1st, 1881, then sold it to Henry B. Morris, its present editor and publisher. The Bulletin is a six column folio, independent iu politics. It is neatly printed, and enjoys a healthy circulation. THE MORNING NEWS Was started in Alton, June 18th, 1876. It was edited by James J. Mcfneniey and Eugene J. Bronson. It was a daily, independent in politics. It suspended about the let of September. THE CHRLSTIAN NEWS Was a monthly publication issued at Alton and published in the interest of the Congregationalist Church. E. A. Smith was the publisher. The first issue was made in 1875. At the end of one year it was sold to the " Advance Com- pany," Chicago. It was edited by Rev. Robert West of Alton, now of Boston, Mass. QUI VIVE, A college paper edited by the students of ShurtleS" College, at Upper Alton. No. 1 of Vol. 1 was issued January 8, 1868. THE COLLEGE REVIEW, Another paper issued by the students of the above named college, made its debut iu September 1879. Frank J. Merchant and John L. Pearson were the editors. COLLINSVILLE WEEKLY HERALD No. 1, of Vol. 1, was issued September 10th, 1879, James N. Peers, editor and publisher. It was then a five column folio, afterward enlarged to a six, then a seven, and then 216 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. changed to a five column quarto, cut and pasted. The Herald is independent in politics. Mr. Peers is a practical printer, and an adept in the mechanism of printing. The office is fitted up with a Campbell paper and job press, lun by a Baxter steam engine, small press for job work, mitre and curving machine, and a complete stereotyping appa- ratus. In short the Herald has the neatest and most com- plete outfit of any small printing office within our knowledge. Mr. Peers furnishes stereotype plates of ready printed matter for a number of papers in Illinois. The Weekly Courier was a six column folio campaign paper, pub- lished in Collinsville by J. N. Peers, and edited by William A. Garasche. It supported Hancock for the presidency. It suspended a week before the election. MADISON COUNTY SENTINEL Was established in Alton by J. J. Mclnerney, October 15, 1879. The Sentinel is now in its third volume. It is de- voted to the general interests of Madison county, and Alton in particular. It is an eight column folio, independent in politics, and is fast growing in popular favor. THE LITTLE EPISCOPALIAN Was a monthly journal edited and published by Dr. A. M. Powell at Collinsville. The first number was printed in March 1880. On the first of October its name was changed to the BANNER OF THE CROSS. Its publication continued until December 1881. THE MADISON COUNTY ANZEIGER Was the name of a German paper printed at Edwardsville. The first issue was made May 7, 1875. The pub- lishers were C. Lohmann & Son, C. Lohmann editor. The Anzeiger was at first Independent in politics, but in the poli- tical campaign of 1876 it supported Hayes and Wheeler, and from that time on until it discontinued it was a Repub- lican paper. H. C. Lohmann retired from the Anzeiger May 9, 1878. It was continued by Mr. Lohmann, senior, for a short time after and then suspended. THE EDWARDSVILLE DEMOKRAT Was the name of another German jwper, which was first issued iu March, 1880, by Gustavus Hohwendler, publisher. Hon. B. E. Hoffman was employed as editor. After four months' trial Mr. Schwendler was convinced that a German newspaper in Edwardsville would not pay, and the i)ubli- cation ceased. It was Democratic in tone. THE HIGHLAND HERALD Was established in Highland, Madison county, April 13, 1881. The business men of Highland wanted an English paper published in their midst, and for that purpose subscribed liberally to its establishment and support. They selected William H. Foy as editor and publisher. He contiimed to publish the Herald for its citizen owners until June 20 of the same year. Then he was succeeded by Louis E. Kinne and George Roth, who took charge for the stockholders. T. S. Richardson was selected as editor. That arrangement continued until August 24th following, when they retired and J. A. Krepps and Charles Boeschenstein purchased the paper of the stockholders. On the 8th of September, 1881, Mr. Boeschenstein became sole proprietor and editor. In form the Herald is a six column quarto. It is independent in politics, and devoted to the interests of Highland and vicinity. The office is fitted up with a new Fairhaven power press and a fine supply of type of tlie latest styles and finish. It is a growing paper, and bids fair to be of great value to the good people of Highland. THE COLLINSVILLE STAR Is the latest aspirant for journalistic fame in Madison coun- ty. The first number wa.s issued January 7th, 1882. Hugh A. Wetniore is its founder, editor and proprietor. He is not unknown to fame in the journalistic world. He was for a number of years connected with the newspapers of St. Louis, and by them was employed as a special reporter in different parts of the country. In that somewhat difficult capacity he sustained the reputation of an active, truthful and able correspondent- He therefore brings to the business experience and a knowledge of at least one branch of the business. The mission of the Star at present is to get a covered dirt road or " shed road " from Collinsville to St. Louis. For his laudable efforts in that direction we hope posterity may " rise up and call him blessed." The Star is a three column, four page paper, independent in politics. The history of the press of Madison county has been brief- ly traced. There have been a few failures, but upon the whole it has been fairly representative of the business growth of the county. Few industries can show a better record, or number more patient, earnest and enthusiastic workers. The influence and character of the press has grown with the ma- terial wealth and intellectual growth of those they have represented. The number of newspaper enterprises organ- ized and now in existence in the county and the character of their support, speaks well for the liberality of her citizens, and unmistakably shows the power of printer's ink and edi- tor's pen. To the press, perhaps more than to any other in- dustry, belongs the credit of building up and giving Madison county her enviable standing among her sister counties in the great State of Illinois. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 217 CHAPTER XII. PA TRIOTISM. to incorporate iu her civil government taneously word came of hostile demon- i the best idea of all ages and people, strations along the Wabash Murders Her growth has been marvelous, and the were committed ; treaties were set at spirit of patriotism has been commeu- nought ; the storm of war wa,s brewing, surate therewith. To-day the proudest In the month of April, 1812, Gomo, an exclamation of our countrymen is, " We Indian chief, heading a deputation made commencement ^^^ Americans ! " Wars may and have upof representatives from various tribes, of American liberty tj^rgatuned ; red battle may stamp her met Governor Edwards, at Cahokia, to presaged the dawn of a brighter period in the world's his- tory. The spirit of freedom which HE and, which gave us a lofty rank amid the empires of the world, still animates the b;)som of their descendants. Liber- ty was the ringing watchword of those fiery feet, but this nation emerges from negotiate a treaty. The governor ad- the crucible, rejuvenated, bound by dressed them in a forcible speech. He stronger ties, and clothed in mightier told them he understood the hostility of power. In order to present the patriot- ; the Indians ; laid the blame at the foun- ism of Madison county, it will be ne- tain head — with the traders at British prompted our ances- gggj^ry to give brief sketches of the war outposts ; warned then against their tors to throw off the ^fi^io, Black-Hawk, and Mexican wars councils ; claimed that Americans only yoke of oppression, ^^^ the late Rebellion, in each of which j desired peace; told them plainly that many of her citizens participated. | the only basis for a treaty would be the ., j delivery of murderers within their ranks ! (some present had participated in the This was a struggle between the | Chicago massacre) for punishment- who tirst anchored their boats on a rock United States and Great Britain, grow- j The Indians in turn professed sorrow bound coast. Liberty of thought and j^g out of the insolent and i e>eated for wrongs done; declared their iiiabil- speech caused thous2.nds to forsake the overtacts of the latter government in ity to deliver up the murderers; laid homes tbey loved so well in the mother harassing the commerce of the United the blame upon one of the tribes (the country. The sons of " merry " England, States by the impressment of seamen Winnebagoes) and promised good be- fair France, rugged Scotland, distressed from American vessels. The non-inter- havior. Despite their earnest prjtesta- Ireland and Germany, the" faderland," course law expired in 1810, when the tions, and expressed desire f)r peace, the left their homes for untried ones iu this government of the United States made Indians continued their depredations, new Republic. It was an experiment, a proposal to both France and England ^ The rangers, for that was the name by The results have far outstripped what that if either nation would repeal its which the patriots were known, gathered the most fertile imagination could orders prohibiting trade by neutral ves- their families into block houses for pro- have entertained. The new world was , gels, the states would revive the non- teclion, whilst they attempted to raise a waked from its savage lethargy ; forests intercourse law against the other nation, little corn for their subsistence with have been prostrated and given way to France accepted the proposition, and their guns hanging at their sides whilst thrift and civilization ; towns and cities President Madison proclaimed free com- plowing, ready to protect themselves have sprung into existence like the flow- merce with France, but that trade with again.«t attack. Forts or block-houses ers of the topics ; and the sweeping fires, Great Britain be prohibited. This was were erected in various parts of the of the prairies are scarcely ranre rapid taken as a challenge by the English frontier, several being situated in Madi- than the increase of our wealth and government to place itself in an attitude son county. Fort Russel, a few miles population. The powers of the Old of hostality. The feeling engendered north of Edwardsville, was the head- World have' ceased to look upon us as a , soon brought on the war. As iu the quarters of Governor Edwards for mili- sudden flame that would soon be extin- war with the colonies, the British gov- , tary stores and munitions of war. Spies gnished, and now recognize our Republic ernmeut soou made allies of the Indians, ' were instructed to pass daily between as one of the first powers on either con- and thus the settlers of the frontier were ' these forts, so as to keep up a constant tinent. When the originators of our called upon to protect their homes and i line of communication throughout their Republic proclaimed "That all men are families from the merciless savages, and length. created equal ; that they are endowed several regiments of Rangers were soon Captains William Jones, Samuel by their Creator with certain inaliena- organized and ready for service against I Whiteside, and Samuel Judy, from ble rights; that among these are life, this cruel and formidable foe. | Madison, commanded companies in this liberty and the pursuit of happiness," As early as 1809, Nicholas Jarrot, of; border warfare. The following is a ros- an oppressed world applauded. When Cahokia, a French patriot, wedded to the ter of the members of their companies it was proclaimed that a government was American cause, made oath that the Brit- from this county : to be founded on such principles, mil- ish agents and traders at Prairie du Chien lions were ready to become sovereigns were instigating the Indians to deeds of and foresake Kingdoms and empires for violence ; furnishing them with arms the enjoyment of these inalienable rights, and ammunition, and otherwise prepar Thus was brought before the attention of ing them for warfare along the borders Ciqdnin. the civilized world, a nation that essayed of Western civilization. Almost simul- 1 Samuel Wliiieside. Goshen, Aug. 1st, 1812. An enlistment of volunteers in Captain Samuel Whiteside's Company for 3 months. 218 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. First Lieutenant. Titas Gregg. Second Lieutenant. John Swaggart. Ensign Hei.r,' Tavlor. Privates. Bairn, Elswortli. Biirronglis, Jcseph. Bridges, Allen. Briisco, John. Biirges.*, William. Doiris, Samuel. Knochs, John. Ferguson, Joseph. Gregg, John. Gregg, Azer. (iregg, Harmon. Howlin, James. Howard, William. Howard, Joseph. Hoo.ser, Absalom. Howard, Absalom. Howard, John. Hewitt, Roland. Lacy, John. J>ee, Samuel. Marney, James. McFadden, James. Paine, John. Price, Daniel. Poner, David. Pnrsley, William. Pursley, Daniel. Koach, Matthew. Semiile, David. Smeltzer, Jacob. Simp.son, William. Semple, Benjamin. Shelton, William. Thompson. James. Warren, Harden. Wilson, James. Green, Henry, Jr. Green, Henry, Sr. Green John. Henson, Benjamin. Henson, John. Hill, John. Hopton, .John. Howard Wm (Spy.' Higgins, John. Hill James. Hill, Burrell. Tayer, Bartter. Tetrith, Jacob. Tetrich, Charles. Tetrich, Abrain. (Spy) Tetrich, Peter- Whitley, Mills. W'liitley John. Whitley. Randolph. Whitley, Klisha. White,'Robert. W'hite, David. Muster Roll of Captain Samuel Judy's Company of Mounted Spies, called into service by and under the command of „fM„j:, ' 1 . -' ot Madison county his Excellency, JNinian Edwards, Oct. ' notice, but there remains no doubt but the company will be compleat before this reaches you — there are 70 on the list now. The above officers were elect- ed by a unanimous vote. Very respectfully yours, Thos. Kirkpatrick I Judges of G. Cadw'ell J the Election. Invalid pensioners among the pioneers 18th, 1812, to Nov 12th, 1812. Captains. ■Waggoner, John. A Muster Roll of a Company of Volunteer Infantry commanded by Cap- tain William Jones, ordered into service by his Excellency, Ninian Edwards, Governor of the Illinois territory. Chaplain. William Jones. John Springer. Thomas Finlev. Lieutenant. Ensign- First Sergeant. Edward Reavi.s. Second Sergeant. John Whitley. Third Sergeant. David White, (Spy.) Fourth Sergeant, Robert Brazle. Corporals. Solomon Preuitt. Matthew Means. Jacob Gregg. David Smeltzer. Privates, Anderson, James, Sr. Holt, John. Anderson, James, Jr. Howard, Abrm. (Spy.) Brazle, William. Hutlon, George, Sr. Brazle, Richard. Hutton, George, Jr. Bateman, Abraham. Jones, Martin. Brazle, Valentine,(Spy) Jones, John. Bateman, William. Lindly, Joseph. Samuel Judy. Adams, Calvin. Adjoins, John. Cox, Thomas. Clark, Edward Cook. Henry. Cosey, Pierre. Frazier, Robert. Gillham, Isom. Going, William. Gillham, Samuel. Griflin, William. Privates. Larmar, Patrick. Lusk, JohnT. Moore, George. Newman, Joseph. Nix, Ambrose. Right. Tolever. Radcliff, William. Reynolds, John. Smith, Thomas. Stockden, Davis. Waddle, Alexander. Several other companies were formed f^j, at vaiious times, between 1812, and Asa Brooks, private, New York volunteers, pensioned July 27, 1819, pension com- i menced Nov. 10th, 1814. William Preuitt, U. S. range, pensioned July I 1, 1816. pension dated Nov. 2, 1814. William Richards, private 3d U. S. rifles, pen sioned January 2, 1818, pension dated April 24, ISlo. Soldies of the revolutionary army, in later years residents of Madison county : Elihu Mather, Sergeant in Connecticut Conti- nentals, pensioned Julv 23, 1821, died September, 1831. Brown, Daniel, private and sergeant Virginia Continentnls. Conway, Jesse, private, Virginia Continentals Deck, Michael, private Virginia Continentals. Co.x, Ephraim Chilton, Matthew. ChilioB, Joshua. Chilton, Jau)e.s, Sr. Chillou, William. Chilton, James, Jr. Dollarhide, Aquilla, Finley, Howard. Finlev, Moses. Finley, John. Finley, Jame.s. Ferguson. Isaac. Giger, John. Green, John. Lindly, John Lockhart, Byrd, (Spy.) Lockharr, William. Lindly, Simon, Sr. Lindley, Simon, Jr. Lindly, Samuel. Lockhart, Andrew. Preuitt, Field.s. Roberts, Wm. (Spy.) Roberts. Andrew. Stnhblefield, Wm.(Spv) Stubbledeld, Easly. Smeltzer, Hermon. Tayer, George, (Spy.) 1814, but on account of the destruction ^T:|)|'=""' ^°''°' •"■i^^'^' S- C- Continentals. ... „ , , Gillham, Isaac, private, S. C. Continentals, or mislaying of the records, we are un- Harrison, A. A., private, Penna. Continentals, able to furnish only the above rosters of p'^"' V™' ^"Y- and serg.,S. C. Continentals.' ^, , ,. ,. , . Long, John, private, N. C. Continentals, the soldiers of this war. McAdams, Joseph, private, N. C. Continentals. The following is a true copy, verbatim McAdams. Wm., private, N. C Continentals. ' f i; J- * .1, r^ e .1. . . Preuitt, Martin, private, Virginia Continentals. et hteratim to the Governor of the state Robinson, John, private, N. C. Continentals, in 1814, by Thomas Kirkpatrick : : Revis, Henry, private, N. C. Continentals. ■cj„ 1-11 c< .1 1 o(xi_ -I01* i Roach, Francis private, N. C. Continentals Edwardsville, September 24th, 1814. E„„di;, Richard! priv, Virginia Continentals. Sir: — This day there was an election Reavis, Harris, private, N. C. Militia. held at this nlacp for a Cnntain „,,h I^a"d'e. Ishiim, private, N. C. Continentals, neia at inis ptace tor a t..aptain, ana j^.^^^t^ l^^i^^^^ private, N. C. Continentals. first and second Lieutenants by the vol- Thoinhill, Henry ,'priv. Virginia Continentals, uuteers that have late been raised in ' ^'^''' Naibaniel, priv. Virginia Coijtentials. ' Bridges, Georga, private, N. C. Mihtia. Conseqence of your request to Isam Gillham and J. G. Lofton Esq.. the com- ; We give below a clipping from one of pany detained the Election until about, the county papers published in 1872: the 4 of the o'clock in the afternoon in ' "In 1872 the following named resi- hopes. We would have been Joined by dents of this county were soldiers of the Mr. Stout and a Party from that neigh- war of 1812, and were in receipt of borhood, on being disappointed. We pensions; Samuel Seybold, Jesse Ren- proceeded to Elect John G. Lofton, i fro, "William Shaw and Jubilee Posey of Cajit., Thomas Kirkpatrick 1st Lieuten- 1 Troy ; Andrew Keown, Alhambra ; ant, and Samuel G. Morse 2d Lieutenant, Solomon Preuitt, of Fort Russell ; John and intend when orders are received to i Anderson of Collinsville; Abraham Elect the balance of the officers so as to ' Howard and Philip Gatch of Highland ; di-pose of the officers in Each Settle- Archibald Lamb of Lamb's Point, and ment which may Join. We assure your ; Aaron Rule and Thomas Sutton of St- Excellency that the old men have volun- Jacobs. Mrs. Mary Barnsback, widow teered with a spirit that reflects an honor i of Geoi-ge Barnsback, and Mrs. Cynthia on the old veterans of '76. Thenoticeol Keown, widow of James Keown, were the Election was so short in this Settle- also in receipt of pensions as widows of ment that the people had not general soldiers of that war." HISTORY OF .MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 219 JHE BLACK HAWK WAR IN 1831-32. In relating some of the incidents of the Black Hawk War, and before enter- ing into details of the causes and results of it, we gi%'e our readers a brief sketch of the celebrated warrior, who figured so conspicuously in those sanguinary campaigns. Macuta Mahictah, is the Indian name of Black Hawk. He was born in the Sauk village, near the mouth of Rock river, Illinois, in 1767, and was an Indian of more than ordinary sagacity and stability of character. He possess- ed no hereditary rank, but in early youth distinguished himself as a brave, which gave him the confidence of his tribe. In the many bloody conflicts of his subsequent life with the Cherokees and Osages, he never lost a battle. In comparison, however, he could hardly be classed with the great Indian charac- ters, such as Philip, Pontiac, Logan, Te- cumseh and such illustrious characters. By the portraits of him, now extant, the reader of human character will readily observe in his large, high forehead and the lines worn by care in his face, mas- sive jaws and compressed lips, a char- acter indicative of more than ordinary ability. His ambition was to distinguish himself as a great warrior; yet he was merciful to the aged, the women and children. The only road to disinction for an Indian, is to become great in bis feats of war. So soon as he kills an enemy, he may paint a bloody hand upon his blanket, which entitles him to a seat in the councils. In 1810, and 1811, Black Hawk and comrades were "nursing their wrath to keep it warm " against the whites. A party of Sacs, by invitation went to see the prophet at Tippecanoe. They re- turned more angry than ever against the Americans. A party of Winnebagoes had massacred some whites, which ex- cited for murder the Sac band headed Black Hawk. A part of his band and some Wiunabagoes attacked Fort Mad ison in 1811, but were repulsed. Black Hawk headed the Sacs in this attack. | In 1812, emissaries from the British arrived at Rock Island with goods, and succeeded in securing Black Hawk with 500 warriors to go with Col. Dixon to Canada. When they reached Green Bay, there were a.sserabled bauds of the Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Winnebagoes I and Kickapoos, under the command of Col. Dixon. Black Hawk and band participated in the battles of River Raisin, the Lower Sandusky and other places ; but getting dissatisfied with the hard fighting and small amount of spoils, he and twenty comrades left for the Sauk Village at Rock Island, where he re maiiied for many years at peace, with the exception of a small battle on the Quiver River, a settlement in Missouri, within the present limits of St. Charles county, where one white man and an In- dian were killed. The principal cause of the Indian troubles in 1831-32, better known as the Black Hawk war, was the determination of Black Hawk and his band to remain in their ancient village, located on Rock river, not far from its junction with the Mississippi. The government, having sometime previously by various treaties purchased the village and the whole coun- try from the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians, had some of these lands surveyed, and in 1828, a portion of the land in and around the ancient village was sold ; the collision between the two races pro- duced the first disturbance between the Indians and the Government. Seeing that war was inevitable, the governor of Illinois made a call on the militia of the State for 700 men on the 26th of May, 1831, and appointed Beardstown, on the Illinois river, as the place of ren- dezvous. The call was responded to with that promptness characteristic of the early pioneers of the state. Their habits were such that all were familiar with the use of the rifle. After traveling eight days, the mounted militia reached a point a few miles below the Sac village on the Mississippi, where they joined the United States forces under Gen. Gaines, and enc:tmped in the evening. The next morning the forces marched to an Indian town prepared to give the enemy battle; but in the night the Indians had escaped and crossed the Mississippi. This ended Black Hawk's bravado and his determination to die in his ancient vil- lage. The number of warriors under bis command was estimated at from four tu six hundred men. Black Hawk and his band landed on the west side of the Mississippi, a few miles below Rock Island, and there encamped. General Gaines sent a peremptory order to him and his warriors that if he and his men did not come to Rock Island and make a treaty of peace, lie would march his troops and give him battle at once. * * * In a few days Black Hawk and the chiefs, and head men to the number of twenty-eight, appeared in Fort Arm- strong, and on the 30th of June, 1831, in full council with Gen. Gaines and Gov. Reynolds, signed a treaty of peace." THE BLACK HAWK WAR IN 1832. During the winter of '31 and '32, rumors were rife that Black Hawk and his band were dissatisfied, restless, and preparing for further demonstrations of war. A chief of the Winnebagoes, who then had a village on Rock river, some thirty miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, joined Black Hawk, who was located on the west bank of the father of rivers. The chief had great influence with Black Hawk and his band. He made them believe that all the tribes on Rock river would join them, and that together they could bid defiance to the whites. By this unwise council. Black Hawk resolved to re-cross the river, which he did in the winter of 1S32. That move proved to be their destruction. Through his influence and zeal Black Hawk encouraged many of the Sacs and Foxes to join him at the head of his determined warriors. He first assembled them at Fort Madison, on the Mississippi; subsequently, marched them up the river to the Yellow Banks, where he pitched his tent April 6th, 1832. This armed array of savages soon alarmed the settlers, and a general panic spread through the whole fron- tier, from the Mississippi to Lake Michigan. Many settlers in terror abandoned their homes and farms, and the governor decided, on the 16th of April, to call out a large number of volunteers to operate in conjunction with Gen. Atkinson, who was then in command of the regular forces at Rock Island. The governor ordered the troops to rendezvous at Beardstown on the 22d of April. The following is a copy of an address by Gov. Reynolds to the people of the state, during the crisis then pending: " To the 3Iititia of the northwestern section of the state. '' Fellow-Citizexs: '' Your country re, 1847. Enstein, Balsom, died at Santa Fe, Oct. 26, '47. Evens, Ellis, died at Alton, III., June 19, '48. Fetteriing, Casper, died at .\lbuqucrque, N. M., Nov. C, 1847. Grant, Daniel, died at Secora, N. M., Jan. 6, 1818. Jewett, John, died on march to Santa Fe, Sept. 17, 1847. McBrown, died at Santa Fe, N. M., Dec. 12, 1847. Miller, James C, died at Santa Fe, N. M., Feb. 12, 1848. Ossol, John, died at Santa Fe, N. M., Mar. 3, 1848. Purviance, Samnel, died near Secora, N. M., Dec. 11, 1847. Scroggins, Jackson, died at Santa Fe, N. M. Venson, .James, died at Santa Fe, N. M., Sept. 24, 1847. Discharged. Brown, .James, disch. at Albuquenpie, N. M.. April 12, 1848. Cox, Peter IL, disch. at Las Vegas, N. M., June 10, 1848. Grant, Dreury M., disch. at Santa Fe, Aug. 15, 1848. Term expired. Henderson, Benj. J., disch. at Santa Fe, Oct. 12, 1847. Knight, William, disch. at Ft. Leavenworth, July 12, 1817. Leger, Gabriel, disch. at Santa Fe, Aug. 15, 1848. Term expired. Miller, Jorden, disch. at Las Vegas, N. M., Aug. 19, 1848. Term expired. Pinckhard, .\m03 G., disch. at Santa Fe, N. M., Oct. 12, 1847. Perren, .John, disch. at Santa Fe, N. M., Aug. 15, 1848 Terra expired. White, .James \., drummed out of the service at Sinta Fe, Feb. 12, 1847, by order of Col. Newby. Weeks, Robert," disch. at Las Vegas, N. M-, June 10, '48. disability. Weathers, Enoch B., disch. at Ft. Leaven- worth. July 29, 1847. Deserted. Bankson, Stephen, deserted at Ft. Leaven- worth, July 5, 1847. Gibson, Aaron B., deserted at Ft. Leavenworth, July 5, 1847. McCov, Thomas, deserted at Alton, 111., June 3; 1847. Stewart. Riley, deserted at Ft. Leavenworth, July 5, 1847. Thornborough, William, deserted at Ft. Lea- venworth, July 0, 1847. Li the Regular Army — War with Mexico. Frederick Kohler, Capt. Geo. C. Lusk and James S. Starr, and Smith, of this county, had enlisted for six months' ser- vice, and joined the St. Lonis Legion prior to any call for troops in Illinois. THE WAR OF TUE REI5ELLIOX. Our nation has passed through four great wars, viz. : the Revolutionary war, waged in behalf of national indepen- dence ; the war of 1812, in defence of the rights of American commerce ; the Mexican war, caused by the annexation of Texas ; and lastly, the war of the Re- bellion, whose rise, progress and results 226 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. are well known to every American citi- zen. To enter upon a discussion of the causes which plunged the country into the last of these great struggles, — the fiercest and bloodiest civil conflict known in ancient or modern times, — would en- : tirely transcend the aim of this chapter. It is sufficient to say that when the toc- sin of war rang through the land, the sons of Madison county crowded forward to offer their swords to the national gov- ernment. There is no page of her history so brilliant as that which is glorified by the record of her deeds. The lawyer left his office, the artisan his shop, the physician his practice, the minister his sacred desk, the farmer the plow, and marched away 'neath flaunting banners and stirring martial music, in defense of the grand principle of nationality. Many of them greatly distinguished themselves in battle, and many lie taking their last sleep in a southern clime. The total number of men furnished by Madison county during the war was four thousand two hundred and twenty- one, being the eighth county in the state in point of numbers. To the sketch of each regiment here given is appended a^ complete a roster of the members re- cruited in the county as it is possible to make from the data i)reserved. Taking the regiments in numerical order, the record begins with the Seveuth Infant r>-. (Tliirc Ycors' Serilce.) The Seventh Infantry, Illinois Volun- teers, is claimed to be the first regiment organized in the state of Illinois, under the first call of the President for three monthe' troops. The Eighth Illinois claims the same honor. The Seventh •was mustered into the United States service at Camp Yates, Illinois, April 25th, 1861, by Capt. John Pope, U. S. A. ; was sent to Alton, St. Louis, Cairo and Mound City ; was re-organized and mustered in for three years, July 25th. It did duty in Missouri and went into quarters at Fort Holt, Ky. Subse- quently companies A and B were consoli- dated. This regiment won considerable distinction during its term of service. It did valiant service at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Alatoona Pass, and numerous minor engagements. They performed noble service under Sherman, and were in the battles around Atlanta, and with him on his memorable march to the sea. A complete history of this his- torical regiment, " The battles, sieges and fortunes it has passed," has been written by D. Leib Ambrose, and pub- lished at Springfield, Illinois. At Louis- ville, Kentucky, on the 9th of July, J 865, it was mustered out, and arrived at Camp Butler, Illinois, July 12, 1865, for final payment and discharge. ! As will be seen from the following roster, Madison county had the honor of being represented in companies F and I in this regiment. ! [Roster. Adjutants- John S. Kobinson, killed in action Oct. 5, '64. Muster Roll, Compauy F. Prirates. Farr, John disch'd April 18, 1S62. Farr, Newman vet. luust'd out July 9, 'G5. Hanson, Hans trans, lo V. R. C. May 1, '64. Jackson, John Mathil, James vet. Midgley, David disch'd July 29, "64. Bccruits. Duell, James died at Nashville, Tenn. Aug. 28, 1864. Hale, John nnist'd out July 9, 1805. Hale, Philip killed at Alatoona Pass, Ga., Oct. .5, 1864. Hederick, Conrad must'd out July 9, '65. Hanover, John J., must'd out July 9, '65. Kelly, James wounded at Alatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, '65 ; absent at gen. hosp. Springfield III. Parker, George must'd out July 9, '65. Veteran. Dell, John must'd out July 9. '65. Cluster Roll, Company I. Bceniils. Johnson. John vet. wounded at Shiloh April 6, '62; must'd out July 9, 186.3. McNeil, David Phelps. Henry must'd out July 9, '65. Spain, Patrick vet. must'd out July 9, '65. Sikes, Benjamin I. must'd out July 9, '65. Eighth Infantry— Three Years Serriee. This regiment was organized on the 2oth of April, 1861,for the three months' service, Col. Oglesby commanding. During its three months' service, it was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, and at the expiration of the term mustered out. On July 25th, 1861, the regiment was re- organized for three years' service. In October following the regiment was ordered to Bird's Point, Missouri. On February 2d, 1862, embarked for Ten- nessee River and took part in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson ; also took part in the siege of Corinth. On the 12th of May, 1863, at the battle of Raymond, this regiment did distin- guished service. On the 14th of May, took part in the capture of Jackson, and on the sixteenth, the hard-fought battle of Champion Hill. May 22, was foremost in the assault on Fort Hill. The Eighth formed a part of the command of Gen. Sherman in the Meridian cam- paign, and sustained its part of skir- mishing and fatigue. The regiment re- enlisted under general order No. 191, 1863, and was veteranized March 24th, 1864, when it was sent to Camp Butler for veteran furlough ; returning it was consolidated June 21, 1864. The eighth was constantly on the move, either en- gaged in general battles or skirmishing. The regiment participated in the cam- paign against Mobile and Fort Blakely, and at the investment of Fort Blakely did gallant service. During its term of service this command was in Missouri, Arkansas, Mississij)pi, Louisiana, Ten- nessee, Kentucky, Alabama and Texas, and was mustered out May 4th, 1866, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana ; ordered to Springfield for final payment and dis- charge, where it arrived May 13, 1866. Muster Roll, Company B. Transferred from Eleventh Infantry. Reck, Matthew sub. must'd out Oct. 25, '65. Muster Roll, Company C* Transferred from EleTeuth Infantry Co. JS., Miller, Peter Muster Roll, Company H. Mcci-uils. Hendrickson, Jacob T., must'd out Feb. 22, '66. Ninth Infantry— (Three Years Seniee.) Within a week from the issuing of President Lincoln's proclamation, in April, 1861, calling for 75,000 volun- teers, to serve three months, to maintain and enforce the national authority, St. Clair county sent six full companies, Madi.son county three, and Montgomery county one company to Springfield, Illi- nois. April 25th, 1861, these companies were mustered into the service of the United States, for three months, and numbered the Ninth Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteei-s. This regiment, by re-organization and re-enlistment, re- mained in the service until the surrender of all the Confederate armies. It par- ticipated in some of the most memorable and sanguinary battles of the war. It led in advance of Sherman's march to the sea, and thence north to the Confe- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 227 derate surrender iu North Carolina ; and it took part, in all, in one hundred and ten engagements. As originally organized, at Spring- field, it contained a great part of the best youths of Madison and St. Clair counties. About one-half of the regi- ment was German-Americans, and the others native Americans, with a sprink- ling of other nationalities. Immediately after the completion of the organization the regiment was ordered to Cairo, Illinois, to forestall the threatened occupation of the place by Confederate forces, and remained there until the end of the first term of its enlistment. It took part in no events of importance during this period. Saving occasional scouts into Missouri, nothing occurred to break the monotony of camp life. No uniforms were issued during this term, and the full dress of the ofii- cers and men consisted of such costumes as their fancy suggested, or the patriot- ism of their home authorities had sup- plied. The time was principally spent in drilling and fitting the men for active service. The three months' term of ser- vice expired July 25th, 1861, and the regiment was mustered out on that day at Cairo. At this time an attack on Cairo was daily expected, and as no troops could be spared elsewhere to take the place of those discharged, an ap- peal was made to the men mustered out to remain and reorganize for three years' service. This was accordingly done ; while a part returned home, the greater number immediately re-enlisted. It was mustered into the United States service for three years, by Capt. Pitcher, U. S. A., July 26th, 1861. A uniform was now for the first time furnished. As the regulation blue could not be obtained, a gray suit was supplied by the state, and worn until after the battle of Fort Donelsou, when it was discarded on account of its similarity to the Confederate uniform. During the three mouths' service, Gen. Prentiss had been in command, at Cairo, but soon after the re-organization General Grant appeared on the scene. Sept. 5th, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Paducah, where it remained, and with several brigades under com- mand of Gen. C. F. Smith, held the po- sition until the opening of the camjiaign in February, 1862. Here the time of the regiment was spent iu hard drilling and rcconnoitering the surrounding country, which was infested with hostile bands of Confederates. Companies B, H, and I, of the 9th, each filled up by volun- teers to one hundred men, under com- mand of Maj. J. J. Phillijjs, embarked by steamer up the Cumberland, and marched to Saratoga, Ky., where at sun- rise they surprised and attacked a force of 200 rebel cavalry, killing and wound- ing a number of the enemy, and cap- tured their camp, horses, a lot of arms, and about twenty prisoners. The loss of the 9th was light; Captain Kueflfner, of company B, slightly, and corporal Gribling, of same company, and private Gatewood, of company K, severely wounded. This was the first fight in which any part of the regiment had been engaged. In the mean time Col. Payne had been appointed Brig. General ; Lieut. Colonel Mersy, Colonel ; Major Phillips, Lieut. Colonel, and Capt Kuhn, Major. February -Ith, 1862, the 9th was ordered up the Tennessee river to Fort Henry ; on the following day, landed five miles below the fort, and on the 6th marched i up on the opposite side of the river, and i participated in the combined operations of the fleet and the army, which resulted in the capture of Fort Henry. Febru- ry 12th, crossed the Tennessee and joined ' the army in the march against Fort Donelson. Colonel McArthur's brigade, to which the 9th regiment belonged, formed a part of General C. F. Smith's Division. Was detached to the support of the First Division, commanded by | Brigadier General McCleruand and was engaged iu the right of our army dur- ing Saturday, February 15th, where the most severe fighting took place. This regiment had eight companies engaged in this action, numbering about six hun- dred men ; company " H " being absent on provost duty, and company " A" de- tached to support a battery on another part of the field. After the uncondi- tional surrender of the fort, which Gene- ral Grant had demanded, the 9th, to- gether with the Second Iowa regiment, was awarded the honor of first entering the Confederate stronghold. There is no mention in any official report of the part Col. McArthur's Brigade took in this action, though it did the fiercest fighting on the field. The regiment lost in this engagement, 38 men killed on the field, and 179 wounded. A number of those wounded subsequently died. The following is a list of the killed and wounded: Officers. Woundetl, Captains Joseph G. Robinson of Co. " I," and Riidolpliiis Beckier of Co. ''D," First Lieutenants iluniilton Lieber of Co "B," William Britt of Co. "F," and John S Tutton of Co. "G." Total 5. Enlisted Men. Company "B," killed; corporals Frank Zu- genbnehler annorl „.ifloi. /.fvm Company "B." Killed: sergeants Albert sergeants, William Hampton, Nimrod G. gadewas promptly formed under com- ! H^i^X, John Schmidt, pri^"ales Edward Perriue, John B. Russell, corporal Edward B. mand of Gen. McArthur, and hurried Deltmar, Conrad Maul, John Mesh, Frank Rhodes, private Lewis R. A pplegate, William to the front. It advanced to the ex- ^'^^l'^*"'^'-. "enry Weber. Wounded : sergeant Addison, John W. Brown, William LBro^^ . John Hallmann, corporals Lorenz Acker- Nathaniel G. Brown, Henry Brown, \\ illiam treme left of our line, and the regiment mann, Paul Martin, August Wurmb, privates R. Bradley, Allen Edwards, Simon P. Hart- took position along the meauderings of Jo-^eph Ammannn, Mathias Arnold, Jacob sell Robert Mar.shall John McCord Charles ' ^ . J Bauer, Morand Baumann, George Betz, Ctus- A\ . Miller, Daniel Rvan, Bennett Sirottler, a small ravine, where it was exposed to lay Blank, Joseph Cropp, Albert Conner, Thomas Strottler, John J. Siripling, Ana.si- a terrible fire by an enemy greatly su- ' Frederick Entz, Arnold Gerig, Charles Grin, raander B. Tulton, John J. Tippy, Louis Wise, , J • 1, ■• Conrad Hellmuih, Gerhard Jansen, Valentin Jr., John J. White. Warren S. White. Total, perior in numbers, and in a short ume k^j^i, August Leopold, Louis Linne, Ignaz killed, 5: wouuded, 25. nearly two-thirds of the Ninth were Menne, Sebastian Pfister, John Rafi'el, Peter Company " H." Ki.lled: sergeant Fram , 1-1 1 -11 1 ; Reppel, George Salz. Henry Schmidt, Jacob D. Hubbel, privates William R. Haller, Dan gtrewn on the ground, either kiiied or g^,'^;^ pi^jU^ g^^j^^ jj^,.^,^^,,, g^g„,„i^.,„ j^. c. White, Thomas Wright, Wounded: s, wounded. Retreating from this position, cob Sulzcr, Daniel Werner, Christoph Wicker- geant Daniel Pentzer, Jacob Miller, corporals rancis iel ser- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 229 Alonzo F. MrEwen, Nicholas Keller, James W. Osborn. Paul Roberts, privates John G. Arney, William Baldermann, Dennis Bahon, Charles Brienbier.WilliamS Checny, William A. Cottingham, James A. Clotfelier, Daniel J. Carriker.'lra G. Dart, John Droosch. (ieorge H. Drv, Thomas Frv, Knismus Ciaw, William H. llsiey, William Keep, John 15. Livingood, John F. Moore, Patrick Moynahan, Lafayette Mason, James S. JlcGuUion, Edward Nail, Sidney B. Philips, George Ralph, John Salz- mann, Francis M. Stiekel, Almond D. Sim- mons, Jo-cph E. Taulbee, Moses H. Turner, Patrick Whalen. Total killed, 4 ; wounded, 3o. Company '•/."' Killed: privates Nathan Abbott, John Bass, Edward R. Keegan, John N. Lawrence, Frederick Swarlz. Wounded : , sergeant William W. Jarvis, corporal George AV Slice, privates John Baird, Norman Barber, Isaiah Berrlv, George W. Clark, Thomas C. (Tillham. William Helms, Thom:is Haiiskins, John Jaka. Sidney B. Jarvis Charles C. Lewis, Albert Mills, George McKinley, Charles A. Redman, John Wilson, Henry W'ormyer. Total killed, 5; wounded, 17. Compnnij " A'." Killed : privates William Foster, James L. Kriddler, George Sloan, Thomas Walton. Wounded: corporal John Richmond, privates George W. Burton, Sr., George W. Burton, Jr., John Burke, Charles W. Bowles, Henderson Cogdell, J"hn L. Creed. John Clifi'ord, William A. Carding, Francis Flaglcs, John Horn, Thomas J. Hagler, Zero Jlay, Samuel L. Miller, Robert E. Ramsey, Jonathan Stone, Sanuiel W. Sloan, Charles L. Tomlinson. Total, killed, 4; wounded, 18. General C. F. Smith, the old division commander, an excellent officer of the regular army, of advanced years, had been taken sick before the battle and died. General W. H. Wallace had succeeded him and was mortally wound- ed ; and he was succeeded by General T. A. Daviess. The command of the bri- gade passed from General McArthur, who had been wounded, to General Richard J. Oglesby. Soon after the battle General Halleck appeared to take command of the army in person, superseding General Grant. Corinth still remained the objective point of the campaign, and heavy reinforcements having arrived, with the beginning of May the long delayed movement against that place commenced. The advance, or siege of Corinth as it is generally termed, was marked by no events of great interest- During the summer of 1862, the Ninth remained in camp near Corinth, and at Kienzi. In September the Ninth was re-called from Rienzi to Corinth, to support the garrison, and arrived there October 2d, and rejoining its old brigade under Gen. Oglesby, marched out on the morning of October 3d, with its division, under command of Gen. Daviess to meet the advance of the enemy at the old rebel intrenchments about two and one- half miles N. W. of the city. In the first charge Captain Britt, of Co. " F " was killed, and Captains E. iNI. and G. G. Lowe, and Lieutenant Hughes and Ulen, and over fifty men were captured The regiment was engaged during the whole of the fighting, sustaining a loss of 19 men killed and 82 wounded. We give the names of those killed and wounded in this, the battle of Corinth : Officers killed : Captain William Britt of Company " F." Wounded : Major John II. Knhn, Adjutant Ilcnrv H. Klock. Captains William (;. Kueliiier i)f C. " B," and Jos. G. Robinson of Co. " I." Lieutenants Gscar BoU- mann and Charles Scheve of Co. " C," George W. Williford of Co. '■ F," Isaac Clements of Co. "G." Cvrus H. Gilmore and Alfred Cowgill '; of Co. "H." Total killed, 1 ; wounded, 10. Company "A." Killed : private Charles Gil- rich. Wounded : Wm. Fortkamp. Total killed, 1; wounded, 1. Company "B." Killed: Privates, Joseph Cropp, Jacob Snlzer. Wounded: Sergeants John Eichenberger, August Wurmb. Corporal Louis Fisher. Privaies, Paul Geist, Edward Hofliuan, George Jenne, Nicholas Meyer, Joseph Noltner, George Salz. Daniel Werner. Anion Winstroth. Total killed, 2; W(mnded, U. j Company "C" Killed : Privates, John Tungeman, Frederick Hugenbnrg. Woimded : Henry Behm. Jacob Herpin. Christian Jacob, Christian Maedel, John Miller, Peter Schnei- der, John Pietz. Total killed, 2: wounded, 7. ! Company " />." Killed : Ojrporal Louis Trutlman. Privates, Jacob Berthold, Henry | Borcherding, John Smith, Christian Teuting. Total killed, -5. A number wire wounded, but their names cannot be obtained. Company ''E." Wounded: Corpora! Francis J. Murphy. Privales. John Beatty, William P. Kelley! .John Liil. Jame-s Malone, William F. Prinilev. Jack L. Stevens, Neal Vestal, James F. Williams. Total wounded, 9. Company "F" Killed: John O. Foushee, Frederick Wiggand. Wounded ; Sergeant William C. Ilawlev, Corporal James Fiske, Private William Miller. Total killed, 2: wounded, 3. Company " G." Killed ; Alfred Bartley, John .McCord. Wounded : Henry Brown, Nathaniel G. Brown, William J. Ileglar, Rob- ert Marshall, James A. Paregion. Total killed, 2 ; wounded, 5 Cowpami -11." Killed : Samuel Girsinger, .John 15 Livingood, Sebastian Swandemann. Wounded : James Brady, William S. Boone, Dennis Bahon, Charles Brienbier, O. AV. Bout- well, William A. Cotlingham, Robert Finley, Israel Haller, Venice C. Haller, Charles H. Newcomb, George W. Quails, William Beck- hart, Francis M. Stickcl, Ambrose J Shellon, Joseph VV. Warren. Total killed, 3 ; wound- ed, 15. Compnmi "I." Wounded : Corporal Thomas Pete. Privates, William Baird, John Jaka, James Lang, Joseph E. Stringer-. Total wounded, 5. Company ''K." Killed: Private .lames Uleii. Wounded : Corporal George Meyers. Pri- vates, John Burke, Charles \V. J5owles, Joseph N. Condon, Levi (jihbs, Peter Hall. Henry Stenger, Samuel C. Ulen, Frank M. Winstead. Total killed, 1 : wounded, 9. thereafter employed as Mounted Infantry and daring the remainder of the war, it was nearly always in the saddle, .scouting, skirmishing, recounoitering, and raiding, almost invariably successful, scarcely ever meeting with a check, and becom- ing well known and a favorite through- out the army of the Tennessee. We can- not give a detailed account of all the movements of the regiment, but have mentioned the leading battles in which it participated, and below we append a list of the 110 engagements: The regiment remained near Corinth, I till the spring of 18G3. In March of | that year it was mounted on mules, and The following is a list of battles and skir- mishes in which the Ninth Illinois Infantry were engaged during the Rebellion : 1 Saratoga, Ky., October 26, '61. 2 Fort Henry, Tenn., Feb. 15, '62. 3 Fort Donefson, Tenn., Feb. 15, 62. 4 Pittsburgh Lai>ding, Tenn., April 6, and 7, '62. 5 Siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29 to May 29, '62. 6 Battle of Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3 and 4, '62. 7 Cherokee, Ala., April 17, '63. 8 Lundv's Lane, Ala., April 17, '63. 9 Town" Creek, Ala., April 1 8, '63. 10 BuzKird Roost, Ala., April 19, '63. 11 Goodlow's, Ala., April 21, '63. I 12 Cherokee, Ala.. April 22, '63. 13 Tupelo, Miss., May 4, '63. I 14 Florence, Ala., May 28, '63. 15 Hamburg, Tenn., May 30, '63. 16 Mud Creek, Miss., June 20, '63. 17 Jackson, Tenn., July 13, '63. 18 Grenada, Miss., Aug. 17, '63. 19 Henderson Station, Oct. 2, '63. 20 Salem, Miss., Oct. 8, '63. 21 Wyatt's, Mibs., Oct. 11, '63. 22 Byhalia. Miss., Oct. 12, '63. 2^5 Rocky Run, Ala., Nov. -5, '63. 24 Athens, Ala., Nov. 13, '63. 25 Decatur Junction, Ala., Nov. 14, '63. 2-i Mooresyille, Ala., Nov. 15, '63. 27 Brown's Ferry, Ala., Nov. 18. '63. 28 Limesloue Creek, Ala., Nov. 24, '63. 29 L;imb's Ferry, Ala., Nov. 27, 'H3. 30 Ruckeisville, Ala., Nov. 28, '63. 31 Shoal Creek, Ala., Dec. 8, '63. 32 Florence, Ala., Dec. 9, '63. 33 Lawrencebnrg, Tenn., Dec. 28, '6,3. 34 Cvprcss Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, '63. 35 A'lhens, Ala., Jan. 26, '64. 36 Brown's Ferry, Ala., Jan. 26, '64. 37 Florence, Ala., Jan. 28, '64. 38 Pi ides Ferry, Ala., Jan. 28, '64. 39 Florence, .Via, Jan. 29. '64. 40 Bainbridge, Ala., Jan. 30, '64. 41 Lucas Ferry, Ala., March 8, 64. 42 Courthind, Ala., March 9, 64. 43 Nancy's Creek, Ala.. March 10, '64. 44 Jloullon, Ala., March 22, '64. 45 Somerville, Ala., March 26, '64. 46 Flint River. Ala., March 28, '64. 47 Moulton, -Via., March 29, '64. 48 Flint River, Ala., April 3, '64. 49 Courtland Road, Ala., April 9, '64. .50 Siege of Decatur, Ala., April 15, '64. ol Flint River, Ala., April 18, '64. 52 Bear Creek, Ala., April 21, '64. 53 Snake Creek Gap, Ga., May 9, '64. 54 Resaca, Ga., :M:iy 12, '64. 55 Roam Cross Roads, Ga , May 14, 64. .56 Uslenoola Kivtr, Ga., May 19, '64. 57 Dallas, Ga., May 28, '64. 58 Kene.saw Mountain, (Ja., June 30, '64. 69 Nickajack, Ga , July 4, '64. 230 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 Chaltahooche River, Ga., July 14, '64. Pumpkin Vine Creek, Ga., July 17, '64. Decatur, Ga., July 19, 'G4. Decatur, Ga., July 22, '64. Utoy Creek, Ga., July 27, '64. Owl Rock, Ga., .Vugust 2, '64. Sand town, Ga., August h, '64. Near East Point, Ga., August 18, '64. Near Atlanta, Ga , ,\ugust 22, '64. Lovejoy Station, Ga., Sept. 2, '64. Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. Van Wert, Ga., Sept. 27, '64. Cave Springs, Ga., Oct. 13, '64. Coosaville, Ga., Oct. 17, '64. Coosa River, Ga., Oct. 23, '64. Cassville, Ga , Nov. 4, '64. Near Rough and Ready, Ga. Nov. 15, '64. Social Circle, Ga., Nov. 17, '64. Buckhead Station, Ga., Nov. 19, '64. Park's Mills, Ga., Nov. 20, '64. Eatonton, Ga., Nov. 20, '64. Near Milledgeville, Ga., Nov. 23, '64. Buffalo Swamp, Ga., Nov. 2.5, '64. Near Sandersville, Ga., Nov. 25, '64. Sandersville, Ga., Nov. 26, '64. Near Louisville, Ga , Nov'. 28, '64. Fort Harrison, Ga., Dec. 7, '64. Monteith, Ga., D»c. 8, '64. Near Savanali, Ga., Dec. 9, '64. No. 3 Station, G. R. R., Ga., Dec. 21, '64. Combahee River, S. C, Jan. 19, '65. Turner's Creek, S. C. Jan. 31, '65. Whippy Swamp, S. C, Feb. 1, '65. River Bridge, S. C, Feb. 2, '65. Little Salkehatchie, S. C, Feb. 6, '65. South Edi.sto, S. C, Feb. 8, '6.5. North Edisto, S. C, Feb. 10, '65. Cannon's Bridge, S. C, Feb. 11, '65. Congaree R. R. Bridge, S. C, Feb. 14, '65. Saluda Factorv, S. C, Feb. 16, '65. Broad River, S. C, Feb. 16, '65. New Cheraw, S. C, Feb. 2S, '65. Society Hill, S. C, March 2, '65. Florence, S. C, March 4, '65. Near Darlington, S. C, March 4, '65. Floral College, S. C, March 8, '66. Fayetteville, N. C, March 10, '65. Near Fayetteville, N. C, March 13, '65. Black River, N. C, March 1-5, '65. Near Benlonville, N. C, March 21, '65. Near Neuse River, N. C, April 10, '65. The regiment was mustered out July 9th, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. , and ar- rived at Camp Butler, July 12, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Major Thomas J. Newsham deserves special mention for the efficient services rendered. From the confidence reposed in him by his superior officers he was at times detailed to perform the duties from the office of major to that of major general. A synopsis of his military 'his- tory, as shown by the files of the War Department at Washington, will abun- dantly speak for itself. He went in as 1st Lieutenant, Co. I, 9th 111 Inft. Vols, (three months' service) April 25th, 1861; promoted to adjutant May 25th, 1861; mustered out July 24th, 1861. Re-enlisted July 26th, 1861, as 1st Lieu- tenant and Adjutant, (three months' service). Promoted Captain A. A. General Vols. Oct. 3d, 1801. Major of 117th 111. Vols. Sept. 19th, 1862. Re- signed April 13th, 1864. Was Assistant Adjutant General on General C. F. Smith's staff; commanded a detach- ment at Fort Pickering; Assistant Adju- tant General Inspector at Columbus; general picket officer of 5th division, 16th Army Corps, and also commander of provisional encampment at Fort Pickering, Tennessee. In all these Gen. W. T. Sherman, over his own signature says, that major Newsham was held in high esteem. Captain Joseph G. Robinson, raised company I and was elected its cap- tain and served in the war in that posi- tion. He was severely wounded at Fort Doiielson, Shiloh and Corinth, disabling him for active service. Was transferred from his regiment to the Fourth Veteran Reserves, receiving a commission from President Lincoln as captain, and was assigned to company G, and statio ned at Rock Island, where he acted as pro- vost marshal of prisoners. He was a brave and efficient officer. Samuel T. Hughes enlisted as private in the three months' service, and in the three years' service was made 1st Lieuten- ant. On the reorganization of the regi- ment he was elected Lieutenant Colonel. He was an excellent officer, and followed the regiment through the whole' .service. He died a few years ago from the effect of wounds received in the war. Major John H. Kuhn went out as Captain of company K, from Alton, in the three months' service, and upon enlistment in the three years' service was promoted to major of the regiment, and served until his time expired, when he returned home and assisted in recruiting the 144th Infantry regiment, and was promoted Colonel. Captain Eniil Adam went from Alton as Lieutenant in the three months service. Upon the advance 'of John H. Kuhn, he was promoted to captain of company A, in the three years' service. At the close of the war Adam was promoted and remained in the service of the regu- lar army. AVilliam G. Pinckard was Regimental Quarmaster in the three months' .service, and was promoted to A. Q. M., which position he held until he was killed, Feb. 14, 1864. Dr. Emil Guelich joined the service as an enlisted man for three mouths, and again for three years, and was promoted assistant surgeon on July, 1801. In April, 1 862, he was jjromotcd surgeon, in which position he served during the remainder of the war, and was greatly appreciated by the regiment. William H. Purviance, a brave and gallant Lieutenant, was severely wounded at Shiloh, and disabled for service, and was honorably discharged, Aug. 16, 1862. George Woodbury joined as an enlisted man, and was promoted 2d Lieutenant Co. I, in three years' ser- vice, and on reorganization was promo- ted captain Co. B, and was killed March 15, 1865. Below is a roster of the officers and men who served in the regiment. Only those whowent from Madison county are shown in this list. Roster, ^TUree Montlis' Ser^-ice. Muster Roll, Coiuiinuy G. Captnlll. Benjamin W. Tucker, must'd out July 25, '61. First Lieutenant. Gary H. H. Davis, must'd out July 25, 1861. Second Lieutenant., Jared P. Ash, mustered out July 25, 1S61. First Sergeant. 1 Samuel B. Bruce, mnst'd out July 25, 1861. Sergeants. Absalom T. Ash, must'd out July 25,1861. William G. Gallion, must'd out July 25, '61. William L. Ash, must'd out July 26, 1861. Cor2Mrals. Samuel Boyd, must'd out July 25, 1861. Levi Davis. Jr., mustered out Jul}' 25. 1861. Benjamin K. Dorwart, must'd out July 25, '61. Edward A. Tucker, must'd out July 25, '61. Musicians. Peter S. Wolford, mustered out July 25, '61. Eugene Lavenue, mustered out July 25, '61. Privates. Barber, John, mustered out July 25, '61. Barnhart. Richard, mustered out July 25, '61. Bailey, George, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Bankeman, Frederick, must'd out July 25, '61. Bassett, Harlon, mustered out July 25, '61. Burmeistpr, Henry, must'd out July 2-5, '61. Barnett, Thomas, nmstered out July 25, '61. Barnett, William L., musi'd out July 25, '61. Bolts, Nathaniel L., must'd out July 26, '61. Baker, Simeon S , mustered out July 25, '61. Burns, Archibald, mustered out .July 2.5, '61. Collin-!, John II., mustered out July 2.5, '61. Cheni.weth, John B., must'd out Julv 25, '61. Cull, William H., mustered out July 25, '61. Campbell, Ale.xander, must'd out July 25, '61. Christie, William P., must'd out July 2-5, '61. Caldwell, William, mu.si'd out Jjily 25, '61. Cronk, Gilbert, mu.st'd out July 25, '61. Carter, William H , must'd out July 25, '61. Draper, Frederick R., must'd out July 25, '61. Dimond, Charles W-, must'd out July 2-5, '61. Driscoll, Thomas, mustered out .July 25, '61. Davis, Frank, mustered out July 25, 1S61. Dugan, John, mustered out .July 2.1, 1861. Dennis, Allen, mustered out July 25, 1861. Davis, Benjamin, mustered out July 25, '61. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 231 Fletcher, Newton, mustered out July 25, '61. 1 Force, William S., must'd out July 25, '61. Garrett, William, mustered out July 25, '61. Hodge, Alexander, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Hughes, Peter, must'd out .July 25, 18G1. 1 Hughes, John P., mustered out July 25, '61. Hawkins, Royal W., must'd out July 2-5, '61. Huffman, Washington, must'd out July 25, '61. Hover, John, disch. for disability, M,\v 15, '61. Hays, George M., mustered out July 25, '61. | Hartwicb, James M., mnst'd out July 25, '61. i Harney, David M., must'd out July 25, '01. j Johnson. George E., must'd out July 2-5, '61. Kulmas, Benetlict, must'd out July 25, '61. Kendall, Jesse K., mu.st'd out July 2-5, 1861. King, Charles, must'd out July 25, 1861. I Medley, John, mustered out July 25, '61. Murphy, .lo.seph, mustered out July 2-5, '61. Motley, Thomas, mustered out July 2.5, 1861. Mills, John W., mustered out July 25, 1861. Moses, Hugh, not sworn in. McDonald, William J., must'd out July 2.5, '61. McNiel, David, mustered out July 25, 1861. McCormick, Duncan, not sworn in. Pulliam, James, mustered out July 25, 1861. Pembrook, Wesley, mustered out July 25, '61. Pembrook, Wm. K., must'd out July 2-5, '61. Kibelin, John, mustered out July 25, 1861. Rees, Henry, mustered out July 25, 1861. Rundell, Samuel P., must'd out July 25, '61. Sweeney, Thomas, must'd out July 25, 1861. Sniiih. Henry C, mustered out July 25, 1861. Scofield, Richard, mustered out July 25, '61. Schwectner Anton, must'd out July 2.5, 1861. Scott, Jacob J., mustered out July 2-5, 1861. Spain, Patrick, mustered out .July 25, 1S61. Teer, Joshua, mustered out July 25, 1861- Thompson, John, mustered out July 2.>, '61. Wood.-*, Thomas L., musl'd out July 2.5, 1861. AVebb, John, must'd out July 2.5, 1861. AVheelock, John, nuistered out July 2.5, '61. Wright John, not sworn in. Muster Roll, Coiupauy I. Oiptmn. Joseph (5. Robinson, re-entered three years service. First Lieutenant. Thomas J. Jfewsham, reentered three years service. Second Lietilennnl. Gotthold Girnt, re-entered three years' service, 10th Illinois Infantry. First Sergennt. Edward L. Friday, must'd out July 25, '61. \Sergeants. James D. Cobine, mustered out July 2.5, 'Gl. John P. Lusk, mustered out July 25. 1861. George Lingenfelter, nmst'd out July 24, '61. Corporals. John H. Gonterman, must'd out July 25, '61. Gustavus O. Austin, must'd out .Jidy 2-5, '61. Harmon W. Cassady, must'd out July 25, '61. Mtmcians. James W. Boyd, mustered out July 2.5, 1861 . George W. Putnam, must'd out July 25, '61. Prifalc.% Allison,"Wm., mustered out July 2-5, '61. Altman, Wm., mustered out July 2.5, '61. Asbton, David N., mustered out July 25, '61. Barnsback, Henry C, must'd out July 25, '61. Bishop, Pelor, mustered out .July 25, '61. Bailhache, Morgan H., must'd out .July 2.5, '61 Brendlc, Simeon, mustered out July 25, '61. Bauer, Frank, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Berleman, Herman, must d out .July 2-5, '61. Calvin, James B , mustered out July 2.5, '61. Charlick, .John, must'd out July 2.5, '61. Comman, Ferdinand A., mus. out July 25, '61, re-enlisted three vears. Crosby, James W., mustered out July 25, '61, re enlisted three years. Calvin, Robert W., must'd out July 25, '61. Dinsmore, Wm. L., nmst'd out July 2-5, '61. Davis, George, must'd out July 2-5, 'til. Dettmer, Henry, mustered out July 2-5, '61. i Deikman, Ernst A., must'd out July 25, '61. j East, Thomas W., nuistered out July 25, '61. Feisler, Henry, mustered out July 25, '61. ' Foreman, Wm. A., mustered out July 2.5, '61. : Gates, Joseph C, niUi^tered out July 2-5, '61. Green, Jeremiah V., must'd out July 25, '61. i Gillespie, Joseph J., must'd out July 25, 1861, re-enlisted three years. Hanser, Adolphus H., must'd out July 25, '61. Hohson, John, mnst'd out July 2,5, '61. Hook, Bernard, mustered out July 25, '61. Hamel, Frederick W., must'd out July 25, '61. Haddly, John W., must'd out July 25, '61. Hauter, SamueJ^ mustered out July 2.5, '61. Hauskins, James R., must'd out July 2-5, '61. Jarvis, Wm. W., must'd out July 2-5, '61, re- enlisted three years. Ivelly, Michael, must'd out July 25, '61. Kluge, Augustus, mustered out July 2-5, 1861, re-enlisted three years. Krebs, John V., must'd out July 25, '61. Kaufman, John, mustered out July 2-5, '61. Linderman, Abraham, must'd out July 25, '61. Lott, Loui.s. mustered out July 25, '61. Lemka, Louis, mustered out .July 2.5, '61. Lauehly, John H , must'd out July 25, '61. Lening, Frederick W-, musl'd out juiy 25, '61. Lewis, Francis M., must d out July 2-5, '61. Likart, John (j., must'd out .Julv 25. '61. McCalley, Eli A., nmst'd out July 2.5, '61. Mcr)onald, William A., mus. out July 25, '61. Moore, George, mustered out July 25, 1861, re-enlisted. Miller, Henry, must'd out July 2-5, '61. I Padon, William, mustered out July 25, 1861, re-enlisted. Phildins, Adolph, must'd out July 25, '61. Roherkaste, Ernst G., mu.»t d out .Juh' 2.5, '61. Reid, Christian, must'd out July 2.5, '61. Runge, Theodore, uuist'd out .July 2.5, '61. .Stinclicomb, Noah W., mus out July 2-5, '61. Scheer, Joseph, must'd out .July 25, '61. .Smith, Samuel F., mus-t'd out July 25, '61. Schuckmau, .\ndrew, must'd out July 2.5, '61. Sharp, .Abraham, musl'd out July 2-5, '61. Sauer, Henry, must'd out .July 2.5, '61. Thompson, William, must'd out July 2.5, '61. ' Tucker, Amos, mu.st d out July 2-5, '61. Wilson. Tyler, must'd out .July 2-5, '61. West, John A., must'd out July 25, '61. Woodberry, George, mustered out July 25, I 1861, re-enlisted. I 9Iiister Roll, rotnpany K. [ Captain. .John H. Kuhn, mustered out July 2.5, 1861, re-entered service. First Lieutenant. Shutterer, mustered out July 2.5, '61. I Second Lieutenant. Emil .\dam, mustered out July 25, '61, re-en- tered service. Firft Sergeant. Fritz Iloeirert, mustered out July 25, '61. Sergeants. George Mohr, mustered out July 25, '61. Jacob E|)penberger, must'd out July 2-5, '61. Sebastian Handt, must'd out July 2-5, '61. Joseph Diete.schy, mustered out July 2-5, '61. William Schell, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Frederick Oberbeck, nmst'd out jidy 2.5, '61. Ernst J. Weihrich, mu.st'd out July 25, '61. Musicians. Henry Hill, mustered out .July 2-5, '61. John Linsig, mustered out July 25, '61. Privates. Bremenkamp, Fred., must'd out July 25, '61. Buly, Peter, mustered out July 25, '61. Brenner, Henry , mustered out .July 25, '61. Betz, Charles, mustered out J;:ly 25, '61. Bauer, John, mustered out July 25, '61. Bachman, Charles, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Braun, Joseph, mustered out July 25,' '61. Barnes, Heinrich, mustered out .July 25, '61. Bunse, William, mustered out .July 25, '61. Berner, Louis, mustered out July 25, '61. Castens, John, mustered out .luly 25, '61. Davis, .John, mustered out .July 2-i, '61. Dick, Abraham, mustered out July 25. '61. Faulhaber, Adam, mustered out July 25, '61. Faulstiek, Henry, mustered out .July 25, '61. Gottlob, Theodore, mustered out July 2-5, '61. i Guelich, Emil, mustered out |July 25, '61 ; re- entered service Pro. Surgeon. Geschky, Baldwin, mustered out July 2-5, '61. Goldbart, John, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Gudermann, Frank, mustered out July 25, '61. Gubrich, Charles, mustered out July 2-5, '61. 1 Hartman, John, mustered out July 25, '61. Hutler, Carl, mustered out July 2-5, '61. Haster, Bernhard, mustered out July 25, '61. Horn, Heinrich, mustered out July 2-5, '61. I Harris, Charles, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Hitz, I-iudolph, mustered out July 2.5, '61. j Joestmg, Henry, nuistered out July 25, '61. I .Joerger, Albert, niu.stered out July 2.5, '01. ] .Jiisti. Andreas, mu.-;tered out .July 2.5, '61. Jahncke, Heinrich, mustered out .July 25, '61. ' Korn, Gustave, mustered out July 25, '61 ; re- j entered service Pro. Q. M. Linsig, Gottlieb, mustered out .July 25, '61. . Lebherz, Theodore, mustered out .July 2.5, '61. ^ Morgenstern, Wilhelni, mus. out July 25, '61. Mueller, Charles, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Meller, John, mustered out July 2.'), '61. Nistler, Robert, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Ott, Andre.T-s, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Redell, George, mustered out July 25, '61. Ruhland, George, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Radt, Friederich, mustered out .July 25, '61. Rose, Christian, mustered out July 2.5, '(51. Schild, August, mustered out July 25, '61. Schrub, Paul, mustered out July 2-5, '61. Seibert, John, mustered out July 25, '61. Selfried, Alexander, nuistered out.July 2.5, '61. Salsmann, John, mustered out .July 25, '61. Schneeberg. Adolph, must'd out July 2-5, '61. Schopped, Peter, mustered out July 25, '61. ' Spies, Meinard, mustered out July 2-5, '61. I Schneider, Martin, mustered out .July 25, '61. Schaffer, George, mustered out July 25, '61. Stoer, Adam, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Sosal, August, mustered out July 25, '61. Schoppel, John, mustered out July 2.5, 'Gl. Unze, Ferdinand, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Vener, Henry, mustered out July 2.5, '(31. Wendle, Jacob, mustered out July 25, '61. Wuchier, .I(jbn, mustered out July 25, '61. Weishaar, George, mustered out July 25, '61. Weis, Martin, mustered out .July 25, '61. j Young, John, mustered out July 2.5, '61. Zeigler, Martin, mustered out July 25, '61. Kosttr— Tlire«-|Years' Senlce. I Staff. j Major. John IL Kuhn, term ex. Aug. 20, 1864. I AJjutanU. Thomas J. Newsham, pro. to General Paine' s I stafl". Henry H. Klock, terra ex. .lug. 20, 1864. Quartermasters. Wm. G. Pinckard, pro. to capt. andass't (jrmr., killed in Va., Feb. 14, 1864. Gustav. Korn, died Miiy 6, 1863. Surgeon. Emil Guelich, term ex. Aug. 20, 1864. 232 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Itou-Comiutssloiied Staff. Commissary-Sergeant. Ebeii. 11. Burgess, must'd out Aug. 20, 1S64. Mnstrr Run, Company A. Oti>tum. Emil. Adam, term ex. Aug. 20, 1804. First Lieiilenant. Ernest J. Weyrick, resigned Dec. 24, 18G1. '< Second Lieutenant. Theodore Gotlob, terra ex. Aug. 20, 1SG4. SerycaiU. Frederick Oberbick, must'd out Aug. 20 '64. Corporals. Anton Hund, must, out Aug. 20, '64, as serg't. John Goldbart, M. O. Aug. 20, '64, as sergt. Peter Shoppat, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Adara Stachr, died March 26, 1862. Henry Vettar. Anton Schwertner, mus. out Aug. 20, 1864, as sergeant. I Joseph Baun, killed, Shiloh, April 6, 1862. ! JliLsician. Henry Hill, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Privates. Bauer, Henry, mu.st'd out Aug. 20, 1SG4. Bremenkamp, Fred. Burmeister. Henry. Brenner, Henry, vet., M. 0. July 9, 1865. Berger, John, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Bunze, "tt'm., pris. war, M. O. April 22, 1865. Bauer. John. Dammeier, Christian, must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Erank, Nicholas. Fisher, Andreas. Gilrieh, Clis., killed, Sliiloh, April 6, 1862. Haber, .Jacob, must'd out Aug. 20, 1S64. Hall, William. Hertweek, Michl, tr. to Y. R. C, Mar. 29, '64. Harlcr. Bernhard, must'd out Aug. 20, 1804. Horn, Henry, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Janke, Henry, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Koch, Fried., vet., must d out July 9, 1865. Korlkamp, William. Linsig, Gottlieb, died Nov. 5, '62, at St. Louis, Mo. Luehr, James H. Miller, Chas , discharged Oct. '62, wounds. Mangels, Peter, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Miller, Henry, vet., M. O. July 8, '05, as sergt. Ott, Andreas; M. O.Aug. 20, 1804. Schoppet, John, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Schafer, George, M. O, Aug. 20, 1804. Schuh, Paul, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Schartr, Ephraim, disch'd Julv 21, '62, dis'ty. Schmid, Christian, tr. Jan. 14, '64 by G. O. 21, A. G. O. Wehril, Jacob, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. "Wei-s, Martin, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. AVeller, George, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Hccruits. Brakebush, Henry, tr. to Co. D, as consolid'd, must'd out July !', '65. Bullion, John, tran. to Co. D, as consolidated, must'd out July !•, '05. He.'s, John, tr. to (,'o. D, as conso'd, mastered out July 9, 1865. Jargener, August, tr. to Co. D, as cons., must'd out July 9, 1805. Meyer, .Jacob, died Aug. 29, '02, at Corinth. Quast, John M. Kose, Christian, vet., must'd out July 9, 1865, as sergeant. Sosal, August, mustered out Aug. 20, '64. Tboma, Stephen, must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Weber, Benedict, must'd out July 9, '65. ItCiuter Roll, Company B. Privates. Gantner. Jo.seph. Schab, John, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Eecrtiit. Hofmeister, John Peter, musl. out Aug. 20, '64. Jlluster Roll Company C. Sergeant. John M. Sallzman, tr. to Co. H, June 11, '62, vet. prb chief bugler of 9ih, as consolid'd, mustered out July 9, '05. Recruit. Mewhouse, Aug., tr. to Co. F, as consol'ted, mustered out July 9, 'o5. Muster Roll, Company D. Privates. Schulze, Frederick, killed Shiloh, April 6, '62. Schulze, Henry, tr. 'o Co. F, as con., pris. war, mustered out April 14, 1805. Muster R»11, Company F. Privates. Ashton, David X., killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862. Barnett, Thos., mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. Bassett, Harlow. Collins, John, mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. Charlick, Jolm, killed Shiloh, April 6, '62. Chenoworlh, John B., died June 5, '62, w'ds. Ellison, Thomas. Hadlev, Ja.s N. W., pro. 1st Lieut. 1st Tenn. Art,, .lug. 13, 1803. Hughe.s, James, died Jan. 13, 1863. Lynch, Nathan, mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. Lauchlv, Jolm H., pro. 2d Lieut. Ala. C. T., Feb. 11, 1864. Miller, John W., mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. Teear, Josh. G., killed Shiloh, April 6, '62. Muster Roll, Company I. Captains. Jos G. Robinson, tr. to V. R. C, Nov. 16, '63. Sam'l T. Hughes, pro. Lt. Col. as consol., M.O. July 9, 1865. First Lieutenants. Wm. H. Purviance, hon'ably disch'd Aug. 16, 1802. on acc't wounds received. Wm. Padon, pio. Major, as ccnsol , mustered out July 9, 1865. Seeond Lieutenants. George Woodberry, pro. Capt. Co. B, as cons., killed March 11, 1865. James W. Crosby, M. O. as 1st sergeant, Co. B, cons'd, July 9, 1865. Sergeants. William AV. Jarvis, M. O. Aug, 20, 1864. Wm. H. Dunnegan, M. O. Aug. 20, 1864. Coi'porals. George Stice tr. to Co. B as consol'dt pris. war m. o. Feb. 2, 186,5, as corpoial. Manroc A. Comman. Robt. R. Swain, tr. to Co. B. as con.sol'dt ; m. o. Dec. IS, 1864. John G. Irwin, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Thomas Pete, mu.st'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Alfred T. Stanton, must'd out Aag. 20, 1864. Ferdinand A. Conmian, killed at Moulton, March 21, 1804. James B. Thomas, must'd out Aug. 20, 1804. Privates. Baird, John Baird, William, must'd out Aug. 20, 1804. Breyfogle, Daniel G., must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Barbel, Norman C, disch'd on act. of wounds. Ballard, James G., disch'd on act. of wounds. Bass, John killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Bebrndt, Charles F., must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Burgbe.s, Zachariah died April 3, '63; won'ds. Borden, Aaron C, must'd out .\ug. 20, '04. Boes, Anthonv killed in an affray July 4, '04. Cowell, Charles, must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Crews, Jo.sephus Collins, JamesG., disch'd'April4, '62; disiibly, Clark, George W., must'd out Aug. 20, 1804. Cuppinall, George W, pris. war ; must'd out Sept. 3, 1864. D.ividsion, Samuel E., must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Dayton, Chas. E., disch'd Aug. 10, '62 wounds. Dunnagan, Joshua S., died Oct. 20, 1861. Elliott, John, tr. to Co. B as consolidated ; mu.st'd out Sept. 11, 1864. Fuller, Heaston disch'd July 16, 1861 ; won'ds. Graham, John died Gillham, Thos. C, must'd out Aug. 20, 1804. Gillespie, Joseph J., disch'd June 4, 1802 ; disability. Hawley, John died March 1802. Hays, Oliver, vet., deserted July 11, 1864. Hammock, Andrew J., disch'd Oct. 8, 1862 ; disability. Hanratty, James disch'd .July 29, '62 ; won'ds. Helms, William S., di.sch'd on act. wounds. Harker, Hiram must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Holcomb, Mahlon D., m. o. Sept. 11, 1864. Hauskius, 'J'homas L. Irwin, Samuel mustered out Aug. 20, 1864. Jaka, John must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Jarvis, Sidney B., must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Johnson, James N., killed at Ft. Donelson, February 15, 1862. Johnson, David must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Kluge. .August killed, Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862. Kegon, Edward' died April 15, '62; wounds. Kyle, David must'd out Aug. 20, 1864. Kindler, George W., killed at Ft. Donelson Feb. 15, 1862. Lohmver, Charles killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. lo, 1862. Lent, George disch'd Oct. 15, '62; wounds. Lawson, George disch'd on account of wounds. ''. Lang, James pris. war, must'd out Feb.ll, '65. Lane, Dennis killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, '02. Lewis, .James must'd out .4ug. 20, 1804. Lewis, Charles C, m. o. Aug. 20, 1804. Lawrence, John N. Livingston, Alonzo, killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 1.5, '02. Mills, Albert G , died April 27, '62 ; wounds. McKinley, George S. died Aug. 18, '62. MoMahan, Hugh killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, '02. McKinnev John K., killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. "1,5, 1862. Morthead, Samuel disch'd Oct. 14, '61 ; won'ds. McDtrmiit, Charles killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, '02. Mitchell James Moore, George W. died Feb. 15. '02; wounds. Parker, Wm., must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Prentice, John E., disch'd Nov. 4,|62 ; disab'ty. Ration, Charles, missing in action at Mud Creek, Miss., June 20, '03. Pearl, Lawford disch'd Jan. I,'e2; disability Reid, Nicholas Readman, Charles must'd out Aug. 20, '64. Reid, Charles Samuel m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Riggin, William H., must'd out Sept. 17, '64. Robertson, Thomas R., died Oct. 20, '61. Swartz, Fred, killed at Shiloh April 6, '62. Sander.s, Henry must'd out Aug. 20, '04. Stei)henson. Joseph P., killed at Ft. Donelson Feb. 15, '62. Stallnian, Frederick, must'd out Aug. 20, 04. Stringer, Joseph E. Smith, Jacob, died Nov. 7, '01. Turner, .James D.. must'd out 20, '04. Vanhooser, John R., must'd out Aug. 20, '04. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 233 ■\Vebster, Olander T., diel Dsc. 15. 1861. I AVilson, Wiu. T., di-icliM Aug. 21, '62 ; wo'Hs. Williams David, killed at Ft. DoneUon Ftb. 15, W>-1. Willis, George — deserted. WUscn, Jolin. killeJ at Fort Donelson Wormever, Henry, inust'd out Aug. 20, '64. EccniiU. Bohannon, James M., tr. to Co. B, as consol'dt must'd out July 9, '65. Corman, Horatio, disch'd, as serg't May 28, ■65. I Cox, William T., must'd out July 9, 1865. i Fowler, .James, mus'd out July 9, 1865. Johnson. Sidney L. Padon, James, mis-sing in action at Alliens, Ala., January 26, 1864. j Padon, Ju''son, died Jan, 24, 1864. Seybold, Samuel, disch'd as serg't May 2S, '65. Zanders', Fred W., disch'd as serg't May 28, '65. ^riiitli Infantry iRrorgnulzed,!— Muster Roll, Company B. Secruits subsequent io reorganization. Barnett, Jesse, must, out July 9, '65. Brodv, Peter, miisl'd out July 9, '65. Cussv, Roger W., must'd out .July 9, 1865. Douohoe. William T., niusl'd out July 9, '65. Henrv, August, must'd out July 9, 1865. Holmes, James, abstnt.sick at ui. o. of reg't. Morgine, Martin, must'd out July 9, '65. Morris, John, mu.-t'd out July 9, 1865. Olderson, William, must'd out July 9, 1865. Kigsin, Jackson, must'd out July 9, 1865. Tompkins, Richard must'd out July 9, 1865. Vingard. Philip J, must'd out July 9, 1865. Voliringer, George, must'd out July 9, 1805. Whitney, Chas. B., must'd out July 9, 1865. Unassigncd liceruilg. Harrison, David, disch'd July 1, 1864. Kyan, Daniel. Tentll Infantry,— Tliree j-cars' service. 'Was organized and mustered into the United States service at Cairo, Illinois, Apiil 2rth, 1861, by Capt. Pope. "Was composed of seven companies of infant- ry and three of artillerj'. This organ- ization was for three months' service, but at the expiration of the time of en- listment, the regiment re-enlisted, and was again mustered into the service for three years, at Cairo, July 29th, 1861. At this time the companies of artillery, were transferred to the First and Second artillery regiments, and the Tenth was made complete with infantry. Compa- nies D and K, which aided in filling up this vacancy, were mainly recruited from Madison county. It remained at Cairo and Bird's Point during the winter, and in January, 1862, took part in the movement made by Gen. Grant to the rear of Columbus. Scattered Jeff. Thomp- son's guerrillas, aided by the Seventh Ca- valry, March 1st, at Skyestown,Mo.,ta- kingseveral prisoners and twoguns. Dur- ing the month joined Gen. Pope's army at 30 New Madrid. Advanced on New Madrid on the night of the 12th inst., driving in the enemy's pickets, at right shouldershift arms, without returning a shot ; threw up breast-works before morning, plantiug four guns, under fire from Forts Thomp- son and Pillow, and five gun-boats. Loss one captain and two privates kill- ed. Crossed the river below New Mad- rid on the night of April 7th, and inter- cepted the retreating forces from Island No. 10, compelling the surrender of Gen. Mackall, atTiptonville, with 2,500 men, besides securing a large amount of artillery and small arms. This grand movement resulted in the capture of 6,000 prisoners. At Fort Pillow April loth, returned, and landed at Hamburg on the 24th ; took part in all the contests of Gen. Pope's army in moving on Corinth ; under fire at Corinth, May 3d and Sth ; was in the advance in all the movements which resulted in the capture of Corinth. During the months of June and July the regiment lay at Big Spring. Ar- rived at Nashville 12th of September, where it remained during the blockade. Ass'gned to the Army of the Cumber- land and remained in Nashville until July, 1863, and was then placed in Smith's Brigade, Morgan's Division, Granger's Reserve Corps. Reached Se- quatchie "Valley, Oct. 1st, and with the assistance of McCook's Cavalry Divi- sion, drove Wheeler's Cavalry from the valley. Nov. 24th, crossed the Tenn- 1 essee river on pontoons, supporting Gen. Sherman's attack on the left of Mission Ridge. On the 26th, captured 20 of the rear guard of Hardee's retreating column at Chickamauga Station ; fol- lowed the retreating army as far as Ringgold; thence moved to near Knox- ville, and subsequently to Columbus on the Hiawa.ssie river. Removed to Chat- tanooga, and went into winter quarters in the rear of Rossville, Georgia. January 1st, 1864, the regiment re-en- listed as veterans. 394 men started for home the 11th of January, 1864. It re- turned to the field again, February fol- lowing, commanded by Col. John Till- son. April 1st left Rossville, Georgia, and on the 3d met the enemy at King- ston, where General Phillip Sheridan was wounded. From this time forth it was under constant fire in the Atlanta campaign. Its next engagement was at Jonesboro, Georgia, in September, 1864, where it did good service. From January 9th to 13th, 1865^ the regiment lay at Beaufort, South Carolina, when it moved with Mower's First Division to Pocotaligo, on the Charleston and Savannah railroad. On the 20th and 26th attempted to cross the Salkahatchie river, but failed on account of high-water, and was obliged to remain until the 30th, whea it moved up on the right bank of the river, and effected a crossing at River's Bridge on the 3d of February, with a loss of forty men. The Third Brigade, to which this regiment was attached, was in the advance and lost about 125 men. The crossing was difficult, and obsti- nately contested ; the swamp a mile wide, and with many streams to cross ; the water ice-cold, and from one to five feet deep ; and here the troops floun- dered from seven in the morning until dark. General Howard, who was pre- sent, pronounced it " the best thing of the war." On the 9th of February crossed South Edisto, at Bickner's bridge, throwing over a pontoon in the face of the enemy ; wading, after dark, over one-third of a mile through the " lake," took possession of the enemy in the flank, drove them from their en- trenchments, and captured several pris- oners and one caisson. Passed with the army to Columbia, Winnsboro and Che- raw, skirmishing, and destroying rail- road, thence to Fayetteville on the 11th of March. Here the regiment was de- tached to lay a pontoon over Cape Fear river, which was effected ; made a forced night's march, and took part in the battle at Bentonville on the 20th and 21st. This was its last battle, the regiment sustaining a loss of sixty men. The enemy evacuated during the night. The next day the Tenth moved to Golds- boro, thence to Raleigh. After Johnson's surrender moved to Richmond, and sub- sequently to Washington, where it par- ticipated in the Grand Review. On the 4th of June proceeded to Louisville, Ky. Mustered out of the service July 4th, 1865, and received final discharge and pay at Chicago July 11th, 1865. Roster. Adjutant. James^W- Allen, mus. out July 4, 1865. , 234 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Nou-commlssloued Staff. Hospital Steward. John Hobson, disch, Oct. 25, 1864; wounds. Principal Musicians. "William H. Catts, must'd out July 4, 1S65. James M. Boyd, must'd out July 4, 1865. Muster Roll Company D. Capta ins. Samuel T. Mason, term expired Sept. 23, 1864. Archibald Burns, mus. out July 4, 1865, First Lieutenants. Henry M. Scarritt, resigned Dec. 11, 1863. Peter Huglies, mus. out July 4, 1865. Second Lieutenants. ■William Gallion, dismissed June 18, 1863. "VVilliam F. Howard, mus. out June 4, 1865. Sergeants. Robert W. Calvin, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. "Wm. M. Smith, disch. Nov. 4, 1862; dis'blly. Corporal. Sanmcl E. Smith, vet., must'd out July 4, 186-5, as sergeant. Privates. Ash, Wm. X., vet., mus. out July 15, 1S65. Bachelor, Wm., vet., must't out July 15, 1865. Bottoms, Archibald G., vet., mus. out July 15, 1865. Brown, Andrew F., died Nov. 25, 1861. Beck, John, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Baldwin, Rolin E., vet., tr. to Yet. Engineer Eegt. Armvof the Cumbld, July 16, 1864. Bassnett, Robert, disch. Dec. 4, 1862, to enlist in 4th U. S. Cavalry. Bonnell, William A., vet., sick at Washington since June 1, 1865. Belcher, Joseph H., vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Bivens. Henry, vet., killed at Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 1865. Birmingham, Edward, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Brown, Frank, disch. Sept. 20, 1862 : disabl'ty. Clifford, David A. J., died Dec. 25, 1861. Clark, Wm. M., disch. Dec. 22, 1862 ; disb'lty. Croockeston, Joseph, vet. sergt , mus. out Sept. 30, 1864. Cousley, Wm. P., vet., mus. out July 4, 1865, as l.«t sergeant. Clough, Henry, vet., mus out July 4, 1865, as corporal. Dickerson, Ralph, disch. Mar. 9, '65 ; disbl'ty Dugan, John, mus. out Augu.st 14, 1S64. Huglie.^, William, died November 26, 1861. 1 Hughes, George, disch. Mar. 9, 1862; disblty. j Il'-finer, John H., vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. | Hall, Charles, disch. Feb. 6, 1862; disability, i Kear, Archibald N., mus. out August 14, 1864. | Lampher, George, vet., absent without leave I July 1, 1864. 1 Lent, Philip S., vet., killed at River Brides, S. C, Feb. 3, 1865. McNeal, Thomas. McClain, John. McLaughlin, Mark, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. a.s corporiil. Meyers, John C, vet., died May 15, 1864. Moore, Cornelius, died March 18, 1862. Patterson, John, accidentally killed, July 25, 1862. Peters, John, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865 Richards, Charles, vet., killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. Reed, Sylve,ster A., disch. Feb. 21, '62 ; disb'lty. Squire, Wm. F., vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Smith, John G., mustered out Oct. 23, 1863 ; disb'lty. Smith, William, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Smith, John, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. Sawyer, Geo. N., vet., mus. out July 4, 1865, as corporal. . ,c,r.n Stoddard, Alexander, mus. out July 4, ISbO, as sergeant. Stafford, Wilborn, vet., mus. out^ July 4, 186. St. Andrus, ''■ ' Thumi Sergtant. Gustavus O. Austin, disch'd July 14, 1862, disabled. Corporals. I disabilitv. ! Benjamin F. Kimball, vet., killed Aug. 10, near Atlanta, Ga. Tucker, Thompson, John, mus. out Aug. 14, 1864._ AVallace, John, vet., mus. out July 4, I860. Walts, Rodger, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Warren, Nicholas, vet,, wounded and sent to hospital May 28, 1864. Anderson, Oliver, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. Watson, John, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865, as j^rnold, William, vet. must'd out July 4, 1865. Privates. corporal Pecruits. Allen, Joseph, died, March 21, 1865; wounds Burns, McClennan, mus. out July 4, 1865. Boyd, Franklin, mus. out July 4, 1865. _ Blessinger, Louis, must, out July 4, 1865._ Calvy, Dennis, vet., mus. out July 4, 1865. Clark, William M., mus. out July 4, 1865. Burroughs, Thomas, must'd out Aug. 31, 1864 Bizer, Jacob, must'd out Julv 4, 1865, as sergt. i Brown, James B., died Oct. 31, 1862, Nash- ' ville, Tenn. j Baker, John, must'd out Aug. 31, 1864. Campbell, Asbury, died May 10, 1862, w'nds. Cassadav, Wm. A., must'd out ,\ug. 31, 1864. Craig, Benj. F., vet. must'd out July 4, 1865. Clark, William -M., mus. out juiy 1, louu. pj^^ Alvin, disch'd Feb. 18, 1862. Ellis, Joseph, disch. April- 24, 1865 ; disb'lty. 1 Eubanks, John, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. English, Solomon, killed at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. pahnestock, George, vet., must'd out July 4, 12, 1864. 1865, as sergeant. Free, Isaac, mus. out July 4, 1865. | Green. Austin O., must'd out Aug. 31, 1864. Griffin, James, vet., mus.'out July 4, 1865. \ n^^s. Henrv, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. j Hoxev, Garrett, wounded; sent to hospital ] Jordan, Michael, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. March 21, 1865. _ ' Jones, Edward, must'd out Aug. 31, 1864. 1 Hughes, Thomas, mus. out July 4, 1865. Klone, George, must'd out Aug. 31, 1864. I Hyndman, William, mus. out July 4,1865. j ^elly, Michael, vet., must'd out July 4, 1865. Jenkins, David, mus. out July 4, ls65. ; Kerr", George. Jarman, William, mus. out July 4, 1865. _ Lewis, Wm. H., vet., must'd out July 4, I860. Long, George F., wounded; sent to hospital jj„genfelder, George, vet., must'd out Aug. '64. I March 21, 1865. Mizger, Anton, must'd out Aug. 31, 1864. Morgan, Michael, mus. out July 4, 1865. McLane, Francis, disch'd Mar. 18, 1863. j McEnallv, John, mus. out May 30, 1865. Mekles, John, disch'd Jan. 30, 1863, disabl'ty. Motley, David, mus. out July 4, 1865. _ Murphy, Brooker C, disch'd June 18, 1862. McPherson, Thomas, mus. out July 4, 1865 . - ... ^ .. . ..-_o, ioci Motlev, Joseph, mus. out May 27, 1865 Owens, Wm., must'd out Sept. 15, 1865. Peacock, Francis, must'd out May 30, 1865. Polk, James K., must'd out May 30, 1865. Prather, Wm., must'd out July 4, 1865. Peterson, Michael, must'd out July 4, 1865. Pierce, George H., died June 10, 1864. Eutlege, William. Stillwell, James P., disch'd Dec. 4, '62, to enlist in Fourth U. S. Cavalry. Solomon, Robert, must'd out June 22, 1865. Solomon, Thomas, must'd out July 4, 1864. Smellv, Jacob, must'd out July 4, 1865. Scott, Jacob F.. must'd out July 4, 1865. _ Stafford, John H., must'd out July 4, 1865. Tucker, George W., died Sept. 13, 1864. White, Frank. Watts, William, must'd out May 30, 1865. ■ Willson, William, must'd out July 4, 1865. 1 Muster Roll, Company I. I Second Lieutenant. ! William P. Couslev, M. O. (as sergeant Co ] D.) July 4, 1865, [ Muster Roll, Company K. I Captain George C. Lusk, must'd out Oct. 24, 1864. Murphy^ Wm. P., must'd out Aug 31, 1864. Ma-son," Frank, vet., must'd out, July 4, 1865. Mulligan, Michael, vet., must'd out July 4, '65. Norton, Michael, vet., must'd out July 4, '62. Opdyke, John W., vet., must'd out July 4, '64, as sergeant. Rizer, Martin, vet. must'd out July 4, 1865. Slice, Wm , died Jan. 1, 1862.- Scully, Thomas, vet., must'd out July 4, I860. Spence, Jame.s, vet., M. O. .\ug. 31, 1864. Sublett, Sam'l P., vet., M. O. J'ly 4, IS60, as corporal. Smith, Sam'l F., vet., M. O. J'ly 4, lfe6o, as first sergeant. : Tackett, Chas., M. O. Sept. 10, 1864. Tadlock, Wm. J., vet., M. O. J'ly 4, I860. Thompson, Wm. M., disch'd Mar. 18, 1863. Whitbread, Wm., disch'd Feb. 18, 1862. Walker, Arsenith F., M. O. Aug. 31, 1864. Walker, John E., M. O. Aug. 31, 1864. Welker, John, Vet., M. O. J'ly 4, I860. Weeks Franklin, vet , disch'd June 16, I860. Wilson, George T., M. O. J'ly 4. 1865. Younghaus, Henry, disch'd Mar. 18, 1863, disability. Pccruits. Anderson, Noah, M O. J'ly 4, 1865. Bartlett, Geo. W., M. O. Oct. 3, 1864. Brown, Cornelius, vet., M. O. June 23, 1865. Bikill, George, vet., J'ly 4, 1865. George C. Lusk, must'd out Uct. 'Zi, ISO*. : Bikill, George, vet., Jiy 1, 1000. Thomas H. Kennedy, must'd out July 4, 1865. Burnius, Frederick G., sent to hospital Feb. 3, First Lieutenants. , g^j^j^'j^^hn m., M. O. J'ly 4, 1865. Gotthold Girnt, resigned July 3, 1862. Buckley, Thomas M., disch'd at Quincy, HI., James Rogers, must'd out Dec 24, 1864. disability. John T. Fahnestock, must'd out July 4, 1865 Cassadav, Harmon W., vet., must'd out July Second Lieutenant. 4. '65 a.s sergeant. , , , ,(.g , , „ . , ... J / 1 t Crowder, Joshua L., must'd out July 4, 00. Edward L. Friday dismissed (sentence of ^^^°^^ 'j^j^^^ ^^„J,^i <,„j j„iy 4, 1S6.5. court martial) June 28 1862. Donaldson, Thos. M., must'd out July 4, I860, William Wilson, must d out July 4, I860. ^ ^^ corporal. First Sergeant. ' Dnffev, Nicholas disch. MaylO, "65, disability. James M. Brown, died Feb. 23, at Bird's Eaton, Wm. »•. must'd out Oct _3 1864 Point Mo. Evans, Geoi^e L., must a out July ■*, xaoo. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 235 Friday, William, vet., miist'd out July 4, '65. Fruit, Wra., must'd out July 4, 1S65. Ferguson, Vincent, must'd out July 4, '65. Gibbons, John. Gillmore, Wm. A., must'd out July 4, '65. Glasser, Marx, must'd out July 4, 'Go. Romberg, Fredk. W., tr. to 60th 111., mus'd out July 31, 1865. Jones, Chas., tr. to 1st Neb. regt. Lambkins, James M., absent since Feb. 23, 1865, supposed to have been captured. Luttrell, Jas. M., tr. to V. R. C Mackett, James M., in lio.spital at Nashville, Tenn. Morton, Thos. J., must'd out July 4, '65. McDonough, John E., sent to Dry Tortugas, G. C. M., Dec. 17, 1864. Naughton, Wm., must'd out July 4, '65. Neville, Roger, must'd out July 4, '65. Patterson, Andw. C, must'd out July 4, '65. Roth, Joseph, must'd out July 4, 'Go. Smith, Daniel W-, must'd out July 4, 1865; wounded. Schwarz, Edw. must'd out July 4, '65. Schultz, Henry, must'd out July 4, '65. Schullz, Ernst H., must'd out July 4, G-o. Sanders, Joseph W. W., must'd out Mav 15, 1865, Sanders, Benj. A., died Dec. 21, 1864. Watters, Joel, vet., M. O July 4, '65, as corp. Wilson, Geo. T., vet., must'd out July 4, '65. Wilson, J;ls., tr. to 1st Nebraska regt. Weeks, Philetus, must'd out July 4, '65. Wells, Thos. M. must'd out July 4, '65. i Weaver, Wm., died Ap. 10, '65, at Goldsboro, ' N. C. ; AVilliams, John, vet., M. O. July 4, '65. Uiiassiyned Recruits. Ainsworth, Goolsbury. Blakely, Joseph. Greenwood, Peter S. EHeveuUn Infantry — TUree Tears' Service. This regiment was first called into service under proclamation of the Presi- dent, April 16, 1861, and mustered into service April 30, 1861. It performed garrison duty mainly, until June 30th, when it was mustered out, but re-enlisted for three years. RoMter. Second Assistant Surgeon. George H. Dewey resigned April 1, 1864. Master Roll Conipany'C. Privates. Stocker, Thos., tr. to Co. E, 8th 111., never re- purled to Co. ; supposed must'd out. Vernor, Thomas J., M. O. Jan. 30, 18G5, tr. to Co. E, 8th Ills. Walsh, Patrick. Fourteenth Infantry— Tliree Years' Servlee. This regiment was first called into the state service for thirty days under the " Ten Regiment Bill." It rendezvoused at Jacksonville, Illinois, and was mus- tered into the United States service, May "iath, 1861, for three years' service, by Capt. Pitcher, U. S. A. Its history is a memorable one, having passed through some of the bloodiest battles of the late war. Among the more promi- nent of which were Shiloh, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, and with Sherman in his grand march to the sea. On the 2d of May, 1864, it was consolidated with the Fifteenth Illinois Volunteers. This regiment as consolidated was known as the Veteran Battalion of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Illinois Infan- try. It was mustered out of service at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, September 16, 1865. The aggregate number of men who have belonged tj this organi- zation was 1.080, and the aggregate mus- tered out at Fort Leavenworth was 480. During its four years and four months service, the regiment marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail 2,330 miles, and by river 4,490 miles making an aggre- gate of 11,670 miles. Roster — Muster Roll Company F. Privates. Bridges, Geo. W., died March 15, 1862. ; Noland, William, a recruit. j Muster ^Roll Company] ^G. ] Privates. Buehrer, John, died Oct. 24, 1862.] Huetter, George. | Haske, Ernst. Ilofraever, .\dani, discharged Feb. 7, 1862, disability. Muster _Roll Company II. Pr ivate. Clarke, Charles W. W. Reorganized. Surgeon. Henry W. Boyd, must'd out Sept. 16, 1SG5. Mnster Roll Company A. ' : Private. Riley, Hugh, recruit ; never reported to com- pany. Muster Roll Company D. Privates. Johnson, Benjamin F., mu.st'd out Sep. 16, '65. Menne, John F., mustered out .Sept. 16, 1865. Zeadon, George, absent. Muster Roll Company E, ^ Private. Dawson, Samuel E., must'd out Sept. 16, 'Go. UnasRgned Becruits. Brown, Benjamin F., must'd out June 3, '65. Dillon, John. Finnegan, Michael. Fox, John. Medder, Richard D. Ray, Charles. Scantlin, Daniel. -^ Thornton, George F. Witson, John. Fifteenth Infantry.— Three Years' Service. Mnster Roll Company F. Pceruits. Barry, John D.,disch. June 11, 'C3; disability. Marsh, Ephraim. Nasb, Richard, tr. to Vt. Batt. M. O. August 3, 1864. Eighteenth Infantry. --Three Years' Service. Unassignrd Recruits. Hughes, James, died at Little Rock, Sep. 2, '64. Plunket, .Tohn. Williams, Thom.i8. Eighteenth Infantry. — Reorganized.— Three Years' Service. Muster Roll, Company F. Corporal. William Kaumell, must'd out Dec. 16, 1865, as sergeant. Privates. Bender, William, mustered out Dec. 16, '65. Hacker, George, died at Memphis Apr. 10, '65. Immer, .John, died at Little Rock, May 10, '65. Laage, Frederick, mustered out Dec. 16, '62. Mitchell, Robert, mustered out Dee. 16, '65. Mummie, Jacob, mustered out May 11, '65. Mover, Philip, mustered out Dec. 16, '65. Modge, Henry, mustered out Dec 16, '65. Xewbery, Albin, mustered out Dec. 16, '65. Wilimer, Frederick, mustered out Nov. 22, '65. Witmau, Henry, mustered out Dec. 16, '65. Twentieth Infantry — Thee Years' Service, This regiment was composed of com- panies from various counties, and was organized at Joliet, Illinois May 14th, 1861, and mustered into the service by T. G. Pitcher, June 13th, 1861. Six companies in the regiment were partially supplied by recruits from this county. It moved from Joliet, June 18th, by order of Governor Yates, and proceeded to Alton, Illinois. It was first joined to the Missouri department, and formed part of the 1st Brigade under General Grant. During the campaign it partici- pated in the battle of Fredericktown, Mo. ; assisted in the capture of Fort Donelson ; passed through the siege of Vicksburg ; was at Shiloh ; Britton's Lane; Magnolia; Champion Hill, and Black river ; was at Brush Jlountaiu, at Kenesaw, and marched to the sea with Sherman. Was mustered out July 16, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. Roster— Muster Roll, Company .\. Private. Kenestrick, Jacob, disch. June 13, '64. Tiew Company A. Privates. Dogal, Joseph Johnson, Robert O'Bryan, Daniel Reynolds, James, mustered out. Steward, George H. Williams, John Mnster Roll, Company B. Recruits. Carlton, Wm. II., died at Dover, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1862. 236 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS Carlton, Andrew .T., killed at Alton, Illinois, August 27, 1SG3. Smith, John, vet. M. O. July IG, '05, as corp'l. Muster Roll, Company C. Velcran. Hamill, Owen, mustered out July 16, 1SG4. Recrmt. Dolan, Michael, killed at Raymond, Miss., May 12, 18G2. Mlislrr Roll, Compauy D. rrivnle. Lentz, Frederick, died Feb. IG, 'G2 ; wounds. Mecmifs. Loomis, Frank, discli. May 9, '62 ; wounds. McFadden, Joseph, disch. May 9, '1)2 ; wounds. muster Roll, Company E. Drafted aud Subitlitule Recruits. Dorman, Henry, mustered out June 5, '65. Eeidker, Guslavus, raust'd out June 5, '65. Eampf?; Samuel died at Newbern, March 16, 1865 ; wounds. Weiss, Peter, mustered out June 5, 1865. Cluster Roll Company F. Recruit. Wrede, Henry, deserted Feb. 22, 1802. Drafted and Substitute Recruits. Miller, Peter, mustered out June 5, 1865. Weakman, Henry, mustered out June 5, '65. ^ Muster Roll, Company K. Recruits- Broad, John, disch. Nov. 27, '61 ; disability. Hopgood, Tliomas. TfVenty-Second Infantry— Three Years' Ser- vice. This retriment was organized at Belle- there the balance of the year. It en- i eleven days and nights under fire at gaged in the battle of Stone River, Dec. : New Hope church), until the morning 31»t, 1862, and January 1st and 2d, of the 10th of June, when all but the re- 1863, where it lost 199 out of 342 in cruits and veterans were ordered to action. Lieut. Col. Swanswick was Springfield, Illinois, for muster out. wounded and taken prisoner, and con- They were mustered out July 7th, 1 864. fined at Atlanta and Richmond (Libby), The veterans and recruits, whose term of until May, 1863. ; service had not expired, were consolida- The regiment was in camp at Mur- ted with the Forty-second Regiment llli- freesboro, and difierent points around nois Infantry Valunteers. that place, foraging and skirmishing As will be seen from the following through the winter and spring. Early | roster, Madison county furnished men in iu June, marched southward, with the | seven companies, company B being large- army of the Cumberland. Participated i ly represented. in the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19th j Roster. and 20th, on the right of the army under ; Lieuteuant Colonel. Gen. Sheridan, and lost 135 ofiicers and : Harrison E. Hart, died at Alton, 111., July 25, men, out of an aggregate of less than Adjutant. Robert H. Cleff, resigned Dec. 31, 1803. 300. This was a severe engagement, in proof of which, the regiment lost 96 men in less than ten minutes, in action on the first day. Among others the brave Maj. Johnson was very severely wounded, and Capt. French mortally. It remain- ed in and around Chattanooga, suffering in common with the rest ^of the army from exposure and want of provisions, being frequently on less than half rations and almost destitute of clothing, tents, j Captains. etc, until November 26th, when with John Seaton, resigned June 13, '62. the remainder of Gen. Sheridan's divi- : James N. Morgan, term expired July 7, '04 Nou- Com missioned Staff. Commissary Sergeant. Charles W. H. Bruden, disch. Jan 12, 1862 ; disability. Principal Musician. Eugene Laverueux, reduced and assigned to Co. B., tr. to Co. R. 42, Ills ; deserted Sept. 15, 1865. Muster Roll, Company B. Fird Lieutenant. Frank H. Allen, resigned (as 2d Lieut.) June 28, 1862. Second Lieutenant. Robert McKenzie, term e.xpired July 7, '64. Sergeants. sion it was engaged in storming Mission Ridge, losing again between 30 and 40, ville, May 11th, 1861, and mustered into ; out of a mere skeleton to which they had the service at Caseyville, Illnois, by \ been previously reduced. The few re- Capt. T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A., June 25, ! maining men fit for duty, marched about 1861. Moved to Bird's Point, Mo., the j the last of the month to the relief of i Alfred c. Piitman, dis"ch. Mar. 6, '62 ; disabfy 11th inst. November 7th, seven com- Knoxville. The greater part of the i Thomas C. Young, mustered out July 7, 1864, panics participated iu the battle of Bel- severe winter of 1863-4, was passed in ' "* ^"'"^ * mont — three being left to guard tran- the mountains of East Tennessee, sports. In this engagement 144 were I In the month of January, 18G4, killed, wounded and missing. Under j marched to Danbridge in pursuit of CorjJorals. Henry D. Rosseter, pro. 1st serg't., disch. Mar. 26, '63 ; wounds. George H. Love, mustered out April 27, '6o ; pris. war. Gen. Grant, Jan. 14, 1862, reconnoiter- , Gen. Longstreet's army, retreating at \ Benj. B. Gould, M. O. July 7, '64; as .serg't. ed through Missouri, April 8, 1802, | night over terrible roads to Strawberry ! Akxander^P^Wilson^^ moved under Gen. Paine, to Tipton ville: Plains. Thence marched through Knox- ' " ' ,, . . ' to intercept the retreating enemy from ' ville to Loudon, Tenn., wliere they built ,^(.]ji|jg,_ Lavenne, M. O, July 7, '04, as Pvt. Island No. 10. On this expedition they I log huts and remained some weeks, and | ' Privates. captured 4,000 prisoners, two Generals, I here, March 6th, 1864, they received the j y-^^^^^ j,„fj,j, p _ ^jg (opnter 4th U. S. Caval'y. and a large quantity of stores, ammuui- ! first full rations since leaving Bridge- 1 Aspel' William, ma^^tered out July 7, '64. I . o M • 1 rr\ ' 1 Batterton Paul 1- died Sept. 30, 01 ; wounds, tion, arms, guns, etc. May 3d, 5th, and | port, being lull six months. Ihe regi- : g^^^^^^ j^^i^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^j p^^^ j5_ .gg . prjs. „ar. 9th, 1862, skirmished before Farming- J ment marched from here to Cleveland, i Butler, William A., died at St. Louis, Oct. 13, ton, and engaged in the battle at that ! Tenn., where it remained until the scanty g^^j^l«64^.^^^^^_ ^^^^^^,j place. Was at the siege of Corinth, aud : remnant joined the grand army of Gen. Brennan, James, killed at Chickamauga, Ga., pursued the enemy two weeks, in June. ; Sherman, on the Atlanta campaign, j ^^^^SepL^^l^V^^^^ ville, arriving Sept. 11th, and remained j with the exception of Rocky face, (was [ Dibble, Jabez, mustered out July 7 E IS TORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 237 Dobson, Stephen, Pro. Capt. in 7th U. S. Col. Artillery. Dwire, William. Fitzgeralil, Kobt., Corp'l, absent, sick at M.O.' of regiment. Field, George F. H., mustered out July 7 '04, a.s Wagoner. Fitzgerald, rrederick, killed at Farmington, Miss., May 9, 18(1.3. Frazier, Robert, mustered out .luly 7, '64. Groves, Thomas B., died at Bird's Point, Mar. 14, 18G1. Henne.ssey, Patrick, died Jan. 3, '63 ; wounds, Stone River. Hutten, Edward F., tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 26,'63. Hasler, James, diseli. April 20, '63; wounds. Hornburger, Jacob F. Johnson, William C. Johnson, Ivlward F., disch. Feb. 20, '02 ; dis'y. Jefierty, Geo., dis. to enter 4th L'. S. Cavalry. Kent, Janie.s, killed at Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1861. Kennedy, John P., absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. Longton, Olek, mustered out Julv 7, '64 Lincoln, Thos. J., tr. to V.R.C-Sept. 19, '63. Lowe, William A., tr. to 26th HI., Nov. 1, '62; M. O. July IS, '64. Lepper, Jonathan S., muat'd out July 7, '64. j Leak, John A. Lynch, Miehad, died at Mound City, Illinois, Ootober 13, '61. Main, Charles H., M. O. .Jan. -5, '6-5 ; pris. war. Meadley, James H. Maguire, Maurice, mustered out July 7, '64. Morran, .James, mustered out .lulv 7, '64. Miller, Win. B., tr. to V. B.C. Aiig..5, 1863. Obrine, John, absent, sick at M. O. of reg't. Otto, John F., mustered out Julv 7. 1864. Olden, KUis F., disch. June 16, 1863. Pete.ss, Andrew, killed at Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1864. Pedrick, Fllis, dis. Feb. 19, '62 ; disability. i Perrin, .1. Harrison, mustered out July 7, '64. ! Parr, SVm., killed himself accidentally Aug. 27, 1862. Strasson, Martin D , tr. to V. R. C. Oct. 20, '63. Smiley, Samuel E , M. O. Sept. 10, '64. Sackelt, I'liilander, killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Smith, George B., dis. Feb. 20. '62; disability. Smith, Wm., disch. June 13, '63 ; dis ibility. Tomlinson, Charles H., M. O. July 7, '64. Teason, Henry. VanBuren. Wm. H, mustered out .July 7, '64. Wilson. Elijah B., dishonorably discharged. Wendal, Wm. H., nuistered out July 7, '64. AVilliams, William W. Young, John W., mustered out July 7, '64. Itecruiti. Caldwell, Archibald, left in service, time not out. Dougherty, William, mustered out .July 7, '64. Herrin, Junior. Jinks, Charle.s, mustered out July 7, '64. Jones, John VV., M. O July 7, '64, as serg't. Jones, Sanuiel E., mustered out July 7, '64. Ochiltree, James H., nuisi'd out Julv 7, '64. Robb, Louis, tr. from 27lh 111., died Jan. 20, 'i33 ; wounds. Ru3.sell, Nicholas, tr. to Co. B. 42d 111., died December 24, '6.5. Wilson, George. Yates, George, tr. to 12th 111. Infantry. muster Roll Company C. Musician. Hindell, Edward, tr. to Regimental Band, M. O. July 28, 1862. Muster Roll Company D. Private. McCollum, Nelson, must'd out July 7, 1804. Sloster Roll Company K. Privates. Hampton, James W. N., died at Bird's Point, Mo., Sept. 19, 1861. Votah, Joseph, killed at Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1S61. . 42d 111. M. O. Veterans. Clark, Henrv A., tr. to Co. Julv is; 186-5. Shearer,' Frank J., tr. to Co. E. 42d 111. M. O Dec. 16, 1804. Recruiti. Brennin June 3, 180o disability. Louisville, Kentucky. The following day moved to Colesburg, and guarded the railroad until November oUth, when it was assigned to the Eighth Brigade, Col. Turchiu commanding. Moved to Elizabethtown, December olh, and re- mained till the 22d, when it marclied to Bacon's creek, where it remained until February lOlh, 1862. With the Eighth Brigade in advance, the division marched n, John B.. died at Loudon, Tenn., April February lOlh, 1 862, to Bowling Green, r, Samuel, tr. to Co. E. 42d 111. dis. arriving on the 14th inst., and remained until the 24th, when it moved to Nash- ville. On March 18th, marched to Murfreesboro', where it remained until April 5th, when the division marched via. Shelbyville and Fayetteville to Huntsville. April 11th, moved to Decatur, from which the euemy fled, leaving in their hands C R. and G. E. small arms and ammunition. From here the regiment moved to Tuscumbia. Crossed the Tennessee April 22, and repulsed a charge of the enemy's cavalry, losing a few prisoners, and returning to Huntsville tiie 30th ult. Marched to Athens, May 1st ; to Fayetteville, the 26th; crossed the Cumberland to a place opposite Chattanooga, June 1st; to Muster Roll, Company G. Recruits. Carvel, Albert, mustered out July 7, 1864. Ellis, Wm., disch. Dec. 14, '63, wounds. Flaherty, James S. Gillmore, William, mustered out July 7, '64. Lamb, William, mustered out July 7, '65. Muster Roll Company I. . Recruit. Ryan, .James. Muster Roll Company K.] J^tVs( Lieutenant. Anthony Young, term expired .July 7, 1804. Cnrportd. Patrick McAvoy, M. O. July 7, '64, .as private; woimded. Privates. Dehu, Andrew, mustered out July Hammer, Andrew, must'd out July 7, 1864, as j Tennessee and Bellefonte, June teamster. i r ' > McAvoy, Barney, mustered out .July rth, and the 11th ult., returned to 10, 1803. Unassigned Recruits. Bonser, William H. Mason, George S. Tlionips(m, George. Wilkins, Henry J. Tiventy-fourtU Infantry.— Tl Service. Salsbv, Nicholas, killed at Stone River, Dec. Stephenson ; from thence to Jasper, Ten- „ . ne.=see. At Kankin s J* erry, companies Dennison, Henry, pri:liner of war since .Sept. F, G and C, had an engagement in which ■" Captain Kovats and Lieutenant Ger- hart and one private were wounded, and three were missing. The regiment next I marched to the mouth of Battle creek, and remained until July 11th ; then to cars' Tullahoma, where it guarded railroad stations on the Nashville and Chatta- This was known as the "Hecker nooga railroad, until September 7th, Regiment," and was organized at Chi- when with Gen. Buell's aruiy it went in cago and mustered into service July 8th, pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Louis- 1861, by Captain T. G. Pitcher, ft was ; ville, September 26tb, 1862. October soon afterward ordered to Alton, Illinois, f'th, it paiticipated in the battle of Chap- and subsequently to St. Charles, Mo.; lin Hills, near Perryville, losing twenty- thence to Me.xico, Mis.50uri. July 28th, five killed, seventy -seven wounded, eight it left Mexico, and moved via St. Louis, prisoners and two missing. After this to Ironton, Missouri, where it encamped battle it marclied to Mitchelville, Ky., until September 3d. It moved success- on the line of the L. and N. railroad ively on the 4th to Jackson ; oth, to [ where it was stationed the remainder of Fort Holt; loth, by rail to Cincinnati, the year. with orders to report at Wasliington. The regiment was mustered out Au- Arrestcd by the accident that befell the gust 6th, 1864. The veterans and re- Nineteenth Illinois Volunteers, the regi- emits were consolidated into one com- ment remained at Camp Dennison, Ohio, pany known as company A. This com- until September 29th, when it moved to pany was mustered out July 31st, 1865, 238 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. at Louisville, Kentucky, and arrived at Camp Butler August 1st, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Rosteiv-Ma»ter Roll C onipony A. Privates. Goiinwalcl, Matliias, deserted Sept. 1, 1861. Graff, Ileinrich, di.^ch'd Apr. 6, '62; disab'ty. Hitter, Philip, miist'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Huttle, Heury, captured, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, IStiS. Jaegcl, Bartliol, must'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Louis, or Laux, Charles, must'd out Aug. 6, 1864, as corporal. Martin, Ludwig, died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 17, 1861. Muller, Ca.spar, disch'd Dec. 29, 1862 ; disab'ty. Ott, John, died at Bacon Creek Ky., Feb. 2, '02. Kapp, Frederick, deserted Jan. 1863. ■\Vinter, Ferdinand, must'd out Aug- 6, '64. Recruits. Kittel, John, disch'd Jan. 4, 1863 ;' disability. Wehrly, Andreas, died at St. Louis Oct. 5, '62. SInster Roll, rompamy C. Prieaie. Pfeifer, Henry, must'd out Aug. 6, '61; as sergeant. Muster RoU, Company E. Privates- Bauer, or Bower, F. M. O. May 30, '65, as pris. war. Biiblinger, Jo.seph, disch'd, July 3, 1862; Diltv, Simeon, must'd out Aug. 6, '64. CJruiun. Christian, must'd out Aug. 6, '64. Knoe, John, must'd out .'Vug. 6. '64. Kuhnert, Frank, di.sch'd Dec. 31, '62 ; won'ds. Kniger, Anton, vet., M.O.July 31, '65, as sergeant. Recruits. Buergle, George, must'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Fral/.er, Jacob^ must'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Fuss, John, must'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Harvelka, .\nton, must d out Aug. 6, 1864. j Klein, Carl, vet., must'd out July 31, '65, as sergeant. Master Roll, Compauy P. Recruits. Klingsohr, Theodore, must'd out Aug. 6, '64. Klingsohr, Julius, disch'd Jan. 6, '63; disab'ty. Schaefer, Henry, must'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Schoeber, John, died at Chattanooga Sept. 26, 1863 ; wounds. muster Roll, Company G. Recruit. Frost, Charles, tr. to headquarters, 14 A. C. for iissignment. Muster Roll, Company I. Private.^. Bucksenstcin, John, disch'd Oct. 3, 1862 ; disability. Isenthal, Franz, deserted Feb. 1862. Kift, or Kist, Anthony, disch'd Aug. 21, 1862 ; disability. Koenig, Frederick A., deserted Oct. 8, 1862. Recruits. Dean, James, absent, sick at M. O. of reg't. Dietze, Henry, tr. to V. R. C. Mar. 15, 1864. AVeise, Adam, nmst'd out Aug. 6, 1864. Muster Roll, Company K. Private. Dahlmer, Charle.«, disch'd Feb. 8, '62 ; disab'ty. T«'enty-slitll Infantry.— three years' ser- vice. Tliis regiment was mustered into the United States' service at Camp Butler, 111., Aug. 31st, 1861, and was ordered to Quincy, Illinois, for the protection of that place. Afterwards did guard duty on the Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R- Early iu 1862, it was ordered South, and was assigned to Maj. Gen. Pope's corps. AVas engaged in action at New Madrid ; took part in the siege of Cor- inth ; did good service at Farmington, losing five killed and thirty wounded. May 28th, 1862, was engaged near Corinth, sufiering a loss of four killed and twenty-five wounded. Its subse- quent career of hard fought battles, and arduous duty iu long marches, would fill a volume. January, 1st, 1864, there were but 515 men present for duty, 463 of whom reeulisted as veterans. Started home on veteran furlough. Jan. 15th ; at the ex- piration of which time returned to the field with ranks well filled with recruits. Did further excellent service, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 20th, 1863. Adjutants. Samuel X. Buckmaster, jr., resigned April 15, 1862. Edward A. Tucker, disch'd Jan. 24, 1864. Z'nassigned Recruit. Rinaker, John reuth Infantry. service. - Tliree years' Was organized August 10th, 1861, at Camp Butler, with but seven companies. It was first ordered to Jacksonville as a part of Brig. Gen. John A. McCler- nand's Brigade. .On September lit, 1861, was ordered to Cairo, where it was joined by three remaining companies November 7th, 1861, it bore a promi- nent part in the battle of Belmont, Geu. McClernand commanding, and its loss was severe. On the evacuation of Co- lumbus, Ky., the regiment was sent to that point. March 14th, 1862, in company with the Forty-second Illinois, Eighteenth Wisconsin and parts of the Second Illi- nois Light Artillery and Second Illinois Cavalry, it formed the " Mississippi Flotilla," and started down the river and remained duriug the siege of Island No. 10. The first regiment landing was the gallant Twenty-seventh.' After cross- ing the river, moved to Fort Pillow, but was recalled, and ordered to Pittsburg Landing. May 9th, 1862, was engaged in the battle of Farmington and siege of Corinth. Was engaged in pursuit of the enemy to Booneville, and afterwards returned to Corinth where it remained for some time. "^ In July 1862, ordered to luka, and afterwards distributed along the line of the Memphis and Charleston railroad, where it remained until the first of Sep- tember. It was soon afterward placed under the command of Maj. Gen. Palm- er, when it crossed the Tennessee river, at Decatur, Alabama, and made a rapid march for Nashville, arriving 12th of September, where it remained for a time cut oiT from Northern communication. Was engaged in the battle of Stone River, where it particularly distinguish- ed itself Moved with the army against Shelbyville and Tullahoma ; thence to Bridgeport, Alabama. Moved toward Rome, Georgia, and returned in time to take an active part in the battle of Chickamauga. Was engaged in the storming of Mission Ridge, where it did good service. From here it made a forced march to the relief of Knoxville, but the enemy had been repulsed ere its arrival. January 25th, 1864, returned to Loudon, Tenn., where it remained until the 18th of April. Was afterward ordered to Cleaveland, Tenn., and from thence moved with the Army of the Cumberland to the Atlanta campaign. May 9th, engaged at Rocky Face Ridge ; at Resaca, May 14 ; near Calhoun, May 16; Adairsville, May 17; from May 26 to June 4, near Dallas ; Pine Top Mountain, June 10 to 14 ; battle of Mud Creek, June 18 ; in assault on Keuesaw Mountain ; skirmished in vi- cinity of Chattahoochee river ; July 20, was in battle of Peach Tree Creek, and in the skirmishes around Atlanta. August 25th, 1864, the regiment was relieved from duty at the front, and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, to be mustered out. Portions of companies D, F, and H, enlisted from Madison county. The following is a summary of the casualties duriug the three years' campaign .• Killed, or died of wounds, 102 ; died of disease, 80 ; wounded, 328 ; discharged and resigned, 209 ; trans- ferred, 39. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 239 Roster.— Mn»ter Roll CoiHimiiy D. Captain. William M. Hart, resigned Nov. 28, 1S61. First Lieutenant Robert B. Murpliy, in engineer corps, Chatta- nooga, Tenn. ^ Privates. Blunt, Benjamin F. Baker, David, disoli'd Feb. 19, '62; disabilitv. ' Eutlierford, James, Bovd, GeorKC W., died at Cairo, Oct. 8, 1801. ' Sliives, Style, killed at Peach Tree Creek Caiame, William L, M. O. Sept. 20, 1804, as ' " "' "■ Nou-coiMiulssloued Staff. Quartermaster Sergeant, William H. Wendall. [Master Roll, Compauy A. Heeruits. Hartley, James, k'ld at Spanish Ft. Mar. 29 '65- McFarland, Je.sse, nuist'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Muster Roll, Company C. Drafted and Sub-recruits. Julv 20 1804 Lloyd, Edwin, drafted, disch'd Aug. 4, 1865. Shives, William, vet., tr. to Co. G, 9, 111. as Tiller, Thomas, drafted, disch'd Aug. 4, 1865. Ellis, Franklin, wounded, M. O. Sept. 20, '64. Ernest, Henry W. I). M. O. Sept. 20, 1864. EnK-ry, JohnC, vet., died July 15, '04,won'd3. Gent. George, was pris., M. O. July 13, 1865. Goodall, Edward, ni. o. Sept. 20, 1864. Hewitt, .\ndrew, died at Murfreesboro' Tenn., March 19, 1804. Petts, John, died at Cairo, Jan. 18, 1862. I Eobb, Lewi.s, tr. to 22, 111., Nov. 1, 1862. Robinson, James G. M. disch'd Feb. 20, 18,62 i disabilitv. and Kenesaw Mt., m. o. Sept. 20, 1864. corporal Coleman, Nathaniel P., died at Cairo, Oct. 20, 1801. Duross, Charles, disch'd Jlay 23, 1802. Felix, Peter, tr. to V. R . C, Aug. 25, 1863. Filac, or Flarv, Michael, Grant, DrurvM., M. O. Sept. 20, 1804. Huffman, Peter, M. O. Sept. 20, 1804. Kemp, James, disch'd Jan. 30, '62 ; disability. Young, Robert Kirsch, George, vet., tr. to 9th 111., as consol'dt j M. O. July 13, 1865. | Muster Roll, Company H. Lamb, Francis F., killed at Farmington, Miss. [ ^ May 9, 1802. ! licernd. Pogge, Nathan F., sergeant, died March 28, j^ggj} Sylvester \.., must'd out July 21, 1865. 1863 ; wounds. Profl'et.JohnE., disch'd, July 12, '62; disab'ty. Twenty-eiahtu Infantry (consolidated), army life. Participated ill the grand Page, James W., M. O. Sept. 20, 1864. i Three Years' Serviee. .-' . ,. ,, .^, , Q(,r Role, William, kcct. killed, Sweet Water, Feb. ' , . , ^ • . ''^'''^'^ ^^ Washington, May 24, 1865, 20, 1864. -The twenty-eighth regiment was or- ^^^ camped near the city the same day ; Sullivan, John, drowned at Nashville, Aug. 31, ganized at Camp Butler, III. in the j^fj ^jjg y^j^ „f j^,ng f^^ Louisville, Ky., Stokes, Edward, disch'd March 13, '63; disab'y. I latter part of the summer of 1861. ^,-^ Parkersburg, Virginia, and was Tramel, Deyirs A., M. O. Sept. 20, 1864. According to an order of the war de- mustered out of the service at Louis- Wentworth, Charles, m. o. Sept. :0. 1804. i p^^^^^^^^ ,^^^^g ^p^il 2d, 1863, it was ^iHe, July 17, 186.5 ; arrived at Camp '"'"'*■ consolidated into a battalion of four gutler Illinois, July 20, and received Cox, WiHiam, disch'd Feb. 19, 1862; d.sab'ty. . .^^p^^igs-A, B, C, and D. During its g^^i p^y^gnt and d'ischarge, the 27th c* r"'w''.V*^-^^'I"'/ f'r'^'^P q Til a,' Drafted ami Sub-recruits. Stratton, William, vet,, tr. to Co. G, 9, 111., as i , , ■' ,j ^ . ,j ,o^- consol'dt, M. O. Julv 9, 18(i4. Bradley, George L., must d out Aug. 14, ISbo. Sha, John, dieci I ^, „ , Reynard, John, must'd out June 4, 1865. Sowell, W illiam R., must d out Sept. 20, 64. transferred, etc., 1061. The final mus- wAgenbracht, Valentine, M. O. June 4, 1865. Verbel, William, discharged. . „ , . , , . tering out of the regiment occured in March, 1866. June 27, 1804. 1720 ; killed, wounded, discharged. Muster Roll, Company F. First Lieutenant. Orson, Hewitt, Alfred H. Lowe, term expired Sept. 20, 1864. Corporals. Roll, Conipony G. Privates. William H. Babcock, discharged Feb. 10, '62; ^""j\^i^^,7' '''""^'"''^ '° ^''° ®'""''^' "^"'^ disability. ' . ^ ■■ _- __ __ Lee Burnett, wounded, M. O. Sept. 25, 1864, as 1st sergeant, 3Iusicians. Twenty-ninth Infantry. Service. -Tliree Years' Muster Roll, Company B. Drafted and Sub-Becruits. Benar, Gottleib, mus 'd out June 4, 1805. Gulhrie, Louis, must'd out .Tune 4, 1865. Schultz, John, must'd out June 4, 1865. Schultz, Wm., absent, sick at must, out of reg't. Muster Roll, Company C. Drafted and Stib-Beernits. Frutte, Chas., must'd out June 4, 1864. Gottleib, Joseph, mustered out Mar. 12, 1866. Johnson, John, died Jefferson Barracks, Aug, 6, 1863. Page, Jeraison, must'd out Mar. 14, 1866. Louson. L. Lane disch'd. Nov. 30, '01 ; dis. \ Fletcher, AVagner, wounded, M. O. Sept. 20, 1864. Privates. Arnold, Henry T., il. O. Sept. 20, 1804, as corporal. Barr',';Z\l., disch'd. April 20, 1862 ; T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A., at Camp But disability. 1 ler, Illinois, August 19, 1861. Saw ac Barden, Cl.as B dis. Mar. 1, '62 ; disability. . j ^ j,^^.^^ ^^^^ j„ jg^^. \ Avery, John G. AV., must'd out June 4, 1865. Bennett, David, trans, to V . R. C. ( tivc .-i . i- j , Baird, Edward, must'd out June 4, I860. Cook, Leonard N., wounded at Rocky Face ary, 1864, the regiment re-enli.*ted, and Uo^man, James A. must'd out June 4, 1845. Ridge an.l Stone River, M. 0_ Sep 20 '64. mustered as veterans, and July 19, ! Roach, James M., must'd out June 4, 1805. Christy, (Jeo. \V., disch'd Jan. 21, '64; di.sab'tv. ' ■' . Carter", Wm. II., tr. to 4, U. S. Cav. Dec. 3, '62. received veteran furlougli from bpriiig- duster Ron, comqany ii. Belong, John, vet., tr. to Co. G, 9th III., as g |j j|j j^ioyed from Springfield for ' ^ , , , „ , d consol'dt, M. O. July 9, 1S65. , neiu xii. xxy « I Drafted and Sub-Becruits. Diamond, Charles W., tr. to 4, U. S. Cav., ' the south, August 22, 18(>4 ; did go«d j^„^„„_ ^y^ .^.j out July 17, 1805. Dec. 3, 1,802. _...„. service, and was mustered out JSovember j^ckel, Frederick, must'd out July 17, 1865. Reinhart, Frederick, must'd out June 4, '65. Reichart, Godfrey, nui.st'd out June 19, 1865. Roezech, Gottleib, must'd out June 4, 1865. The Twenty-ninth was mustered into Winfree, Robt., disch'd Nov. 13, '62, disability the United States service by Captain i Master Roll Company F. Drafted and Sub-Becruits, Dailey, Patrick, m. o. Sept. 20, 1804, EUi8,'Thomas, tr. to 4th U. S.Cav., Dec. 3, '62. 6, l»bO. Keim, Daniel, must'd out June 4, 1865. 240 EISTOEY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Tl»lrt)r-Pir8t Ilrfantry— Thi'ee Yearg'J Service. This regiment was organized at Cairo, Illinois, on the eighth of September, 1861, by Colonel John A. Logan, and mustered into the United States' service by Captain T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A. It saw good service, having been in thirty- one battles, skirmishes, etc. At the time of its discharge, July 19, 1865, it numbered 25 officers, and 677 enlisted men. When organized numbered 11-30, and received, in all, 700 recruits. Killed in action, died of wounds, of disease, and discharged, 1128. Surgeons. Gustav Sulifras, must'd out July 19, 1865. First- Assistant Surgeon. David M. Dunn, must'd out (as liospital stew- ard) June 1, 1865, term expired. Master Roll Company D. Drafted and Sub-Recruits. Scudder, Edward, sub. must'd out May 31, '65. Muster Roll Company G. Drafted and Sub-Hecruits. [ Lickens, Samuel, drafted, never reported to company. Muster Roll, rompnnj- H. Drafted and Sidj Becruits. l Allen, Zacliariah, died Jan. 7, 1865. Myers, Theodore, reported died Jan 10, 1865. Tlllrty-Sccoud lurantry — Col. John I.ogan CommaiHlliig.— Tliree Years' Service. Madison county was represented in six companies of this regiment, as fol- lows : Companies A, D, E, F, G, and K. Company F, was made up almost en- tirely from Madison, as will be seen from the roster appended. This regiment was organized by Col. Logan, and mustered into service De- cember 31st, 1861. It bore a distinguished and honorable part in the battle of Shiloh, losing forty killed and two hundred wounded. Was engaged in the advance on Corinth. On the 5th of October, 1862, fought in the battle of ^letamora. The regiment did good service here, seven killed and five wounded. On the 8th of November in a forced march southward from La- grange surprised and captured over one hundred rebel cavalry at Lamar, and routed the enemy. After many hard inarches, part of the time being on short rations, in March, 1863, they moved to Memphis and remained until May 11th, Avhen they moved to Young's Point ; on the 15th joined the division ten miles defense. Col. Logan was absent during below Vicksburg- Thence to Grand these two campaigns on court-martial Gulf, where they were detained a few duty at Louisville, Ky., and Capt. Rider, days as garrison. June 12th the post was afterward J.iieut. Col., commanded the abandoned, and the regiments joined the regiment. Took part in the grand re- division on the lines around Vicksburg ; view at Washington, May, 21th, 1865. engaged in the siege until June 27th, Thence to Parkersburg, Va. ; thence to when Col. Logan, with his regiment, the Louvi-sville ; thence moved westward. One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio, and via. St. Louis and Fort Leavenworth to one section of artillery, was ordered to Fort Kearney, Nebraska, arriving Aug. command the post at Warrenton, which 13th. Returned to Fort Leavenworth, was the extreme left of the line. Re- Sept. 2d. joined brigade on July 4th, and on the | Sept. 16th mustered out there, and 5th marched with Sherman's army i ordered to Camp Butler, 111., for final toward Jackson, a very trying march, payment and discharge. It traveled After hard service and skirmishing, and while in the United States service 11,- the capture of a battery of nine pieces 000 miles, and its record makes glorious of artillery, it on January 3d, 1S64, a page of the history of the State, moved to Vicksburg, where it was mus- 1 Roster, tered as a veteran organization. Re- Major. ceived furlough, and on the 28th reas- Smith Townsand, mustered out Sept. 16, '82. sembled at Camp Butler, 111., and moved ^ Nou-commissioued staff. to Bird's Point, Mo. June 12th, 1864, Principal Musician. siege of Kenesaw Mountain commenced ; Francis M. Johnson, mus. out Feb. 13, '63. the Seventeenth Corps occupied the Muster rou, company a. left of the line and the Thirty-Second j Drafted and Sub Becruits. Regiment occupied the exposed posi- Harlman, Frederick, mustered out June 3, '65. ;tion on the advance. July 2d, was Plinsston, Charles, mustered out June 3 '65. i • , ^ 1-" u Smith, August, mustered out July 11, 'DO. 1 transferred to right of line, on the s,ernba, Frederick, mustered out June 3, '65. Uth and 5th, and on the 5th when i Watt, James, mustered out June 3. '65 „ , ' . . . , 1 .1 Weslev, Frank, absent sick at M. O. of Keg t. the Fourth division aSSaultea the, ■ ^^^^^er Roll, company d. enemy's works the Thirty-second was the first to plant its colors on the works. July 18th the regiment was transferred Private, Kuggles, James W, disch. Sep. 6, '61 ; term ex. Muster Roll, Company E. to the first brigade, and Col. Logan ' Veteran. took command of the brigade. While , 'Williams, Edward L., mus. out June 17, '65. guarding supplies at Marietta, a party \ Muster Roll, company F. of fifty men under Lieut. Campbell, while • Captains. foraging, after a spirited re.-istance were ; George AV. Jenks, resigned Sept. 28, '62. captured, only nine escaping. On the ' Joseph H. Weeks, mustered out Sept. 16, '65. ; 3d the enemy attacked the line near | First Lieutenants. Kenesaw Mountain, and killed and cap- David Glenn, resigned Sept, 21, '64. , . , m • t „ Jolm Keck, mustered out Sept. 16, '6-->. tured twelve men. The regiment re- "" > mained near Marietta until the " March : Second Lieutenants. to the Sea " began, when, on Nov. 13th, ; J^jj^ ^--^^^t:^^'^ «^"''''- it moved from that place, and from At- ' lanta November 15th, 1864. In the sieM of Savannah four men were wound- ed. It suffered greatly from lackof food. Remained at camp' in Savannah, Ga , until December 5th, 1865, when it embarked at Thunderbolt for Beaufort. First Sergeant. 'William A. Hildebrand, mustered out Dec. 31, '64; term expired. Sergeants. Martin Holin, vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '6-5. John Beamer, mus, out Dec. 31, 64; term ex. Corporah. Lewis ninton. On February 3d the division waded the Andrew J. Johnson, mustered out Dec. 31, '64; Salkahatchie river, two miles wide and }^""^^: , .„ , . ci -i i a,,,;! r. w „ ' - . , Daniel Skellv, killed at Shiloh, April 6, bi. from two to five feet deep in water | Ri^.d^rd Hand, discharged August — , '82. ice cold, and after a half hour's skirmish- George Cooper, mus. out Dec 31,'64 ; term ex. . , , 11 J .u GreenB.White, vet, died Natchez, Jan. 14, 64. ing on the opposite b^uk, compelled the charles S. Christy, vet., mus. out Sep. 16, '65. enemy to evacuate their strong line of Joseph Hicks, discharged Aug., 1862. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 241 Musician. William Tabor, died at Memphis, Mav 2Ij, '65. ) Wagoner. Theodore Scovel, mus out Dec. 31, '64 ; terni ex Privates. AUgood, John W., vet., mus. out Sep. 16, '65. Barllev, John, vet. Briinton, .\lexander, killed at Shiloh Apr. 6,"62. Britten, Isaiah. Benson, George E., vet., mus. out Sept. 16, '6-5. Brauner, Robert D.. tr. to V. R. C. Sep. Ld, '63. Bankson, Jamep, died March 2, '62. Bratcher, William, vet. Burn.^, Michael, vet., mustered Sept. 16, '6.5. Burns, Patrick, disch. Oct. 7, '62; disability. Bascoin, Naaman, d scharged June 27, '62. Bryant, John, discharged May 11, '64. Christy, John Casey, William, mus. out Dec. 31,'64; term ex. Choate, Edward, vet-, mus. out Sept. 16, '6.5. Cboate, Richard, vet., disc. July 6, '6-5; disb'y. Dingle, Samuel, vet., died May 13, 'fi.). Dunn, Deacon, died at home June 20, '62. Dunn, George, died at Warrenlown, Misr--., July 3, 18G3. Graves, .lames, died July 26, '62. Granstafl", Michael, discharged Aug. 27, '62. Grubough, John, vet. Grubough, Michael, died at home Feb. 2, '62. Hensley, William, discharged Jan. 2, '62. Hughes, Patrick, vet., mus. out Sept. 16, '65. Howell, Franklin, vet. Hall. Edward. Harrison, Benjamin, died at Pittsburgh Land- ing, .April 2, '62. Ingram, Pliny. John.siH), Reuben, vet., mus. out Sept. 16 '65. John, Patten, killed at Shiloh, Apr. 6, '62. Jones, Samuel T., tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 15, '63. Ketchum, David. Ketchum, Daniel, discharged Nov. 8, '62. Lee, Abner. Lelchlin, Jacob, vet., disc. Jul. 11, '65; disab'y. Little, Samuel H., mustered out Dec. 31, 1864 ; term ex. Malkin, William, killed at Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. Moore, Lewis, died Oct. 7, '02. Moore, James S. Mc.A.tee, James, vet., mus. out Sept. 16, '65. McCann, Andrew B., died July 21, '62. McAlpin. John. Mullen, William H., vet., mus. out Sep. 16,'65. McClughen, James, died at Camp Butler, Feb. 21, 1862. McDonald, James. Mahony, Martin, vet., died at St. Louis, April 4, 1865. Morrison, Benjamin, vet., mus. out Sep. 16, '65. Miller, James, vet., mus. out Sept. 16, '65. Ogle, William, vet., mus. out Sept. 16, '65. Owens, William A., vet., mus. out June 22,'65. Putero, Henry, vet., mus. out. Nov. 27, '66. Patterson, Van Buren, vet., discharged July 3, 1865; disability. Patterson, James, died at Corinth, May 10, '62. Ransdal, Richard, died at home April 25, '62. Robinson, George. Strong, Legrand. Sanks, .Joshua, Short, Jonathan, discharged .July 19, '62. Scoval, James F., mustered out Dec. 31, '64. Teeters, Eleazer, discharged Oct. 4, '62. White, Franklin, mus. out nec.31,'64; terra ex. Wilson, McClain, disc. S«p. 17, '67 ; disability. Wilson, Ashley J., died April 2li, '62. Wilson, James, vet., mustered out Sept. 16, '65. Welch, William, mus. out Dec. 31, '64; term ex. Rccruils. Adams, John C, killed at Bentonville, N. C, Mar. 21, 186.5. 31 Baker, Charles, absent wounded at mus. out of Regiment. j Baker, Isaac Book, Fred. W. Carter, George W., discharged Nov. 2, '65. Fodderl, Charles. Jones, John C, disc. Mar. 15, '64 ; disability. Jones, William K., vet., died at Savauuah, Ga. Dec. 16, 1864. ; Malone, .John. Nichols, James V., mustered out July 6, '65. JH lister Foil, loinpauy Ci. Drafted and Sub Recruits, Kellv, George W., mustered out June 3, '65. Kinder, mustered out June 22. '65. Matthews, Harris S., June 3, '65. Milam, Jarot C, mustered out .June. McCaw, Jo-seph, mustered out June. Tinsel, John A., mustered out June. Muster Boll, Tompaiiy H, 3Iusiciaii. Silas J. Garrett. Miister Roll, Company K. Dm/led and Sub RrIaster Roll Company G, Drafted and Sub. Recruits. Kohl, Jos., tr. to Co D, as consol., M O. July 7, 1865, as corp'l. Kirscli, Adam, tr. to Co. D, as consol., M. O. July 7, 1865. Muster Roll Company H. Sergeant. Martin Schneider, killed, Sliiloh, April 6, '62- Private. Tanner, John, killed, Shiloh, Ap. 6, 1862. DraJ'ttd and Siib. Recniit. Israel, Michael, tr. to Co. E, as consol., M. O. July 7, 1865. Master Roll Company I. Privates. Andres, Franz, disch'd Nov. 9, 1862. Becker, Adam, M. O. Dec. 31, 1864. Hundsdorfer, Jos., died at Little JRock, Dec'r 25, 1864. Ladner, Andrew. Bykher, Chas., M. O. Dec. 31, 1864. Stett, John, missing in action at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. WoU, Henry, M. O. Dec. 31, 1864. WoU, Lawrenz, M. O. Dec. 31, 1864. Weber, Fredolin, M. O. Dec. 31, 1864. Weitgenaunt, Chas., disch'd Oct. 26, 1862. Zimraerscheid, Christian, killed, Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Drafted and Sub. Recruit. McLain, John S., tr. to Co. F, as consol., M. O. July 7, 1865. Muster Roll Company K. Private. Weittner, Bernhardt, di.^ch'd Feb. 3, 1863. Drafted and Sub. Recruits. Christ, John, tr. to Co. G, as consol'ted, M. O. July 7, 1865. Probst, Charles tr. to Co. D, as consol., M. O. July 7, 186.5. Forty-Tlilrd ^consolidated) Infantry— One Year Organization. Muster Roll Company K. Privates. Fluge, Frederick R., M. O. Nov. 30, 1865. Galligan, John F., M. O. Nov. 30, 1865. Porty-Elgbtli Infantry— Tllree Years' Ser- vice. Muster Roll Company I. Sergeant. Pleasant, Crisp. Forty-nlntH Infantry. — Tliree Years' -SeiTlce. Capt. John A. Logan, of Richview, Washington county, and engaged in the The Forty-ninth was organized at battle of Tripoli July 14th and 15th, Camp Butler, Illinois, by Col. Wm. R. i 1864. After the expiration of the vete- Morrison, December 31st, 1861, and on ran furlough, rendezvoused at Centralia, the 3 J of February following was Illinois, and proceeded via Cairo and ordered to Cairo, Illinois. Was assign- Memphis to Holly Springs and rejoined ed to the Third Brigade, McClernand's , the command. Participated in the Ox- Division, at Fort Henry, the 8th ult , ford expedition and returned to Mem- and on the 11th inst. moved to Fort | phis August 30. Arrived at Jefferson Donelson. Engaged the enemy on the ; Barracks, Missouri, September 30, moved loth, losing 14 killed and 37 wounded ; thence to Franklin and drove theentmy Col. Morrison was among the wounded, from the place, was with the army in Remaining at Donelson until March 4th, pursuit of Gen. Price through Missouri, it moved to Metal Landing, and two and returned to St. Louis November days later embarked for Pittsburg Land- 18th, 1864. From there it moved to ing, Tennessee. Disembarked at Savan- , Nashville, Tennessee, and took part in nah, and on the 2lst completed the that battle December 15th. On the march. Participated in the battle of 24th, was ordered to Paducah, Ken- Shiloh, April 6th and 7th, losing 17 tucky, to muster out non-veterans, and killed and 99 wounded. Was in the thereafter the regiment did garrison siege of Corinth, and June 4th, moved : duty. Was mustered out September to Bethel, where it was assigned to ' 9th, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, Brig.-G''n. John A. Logan's First Divi- 1 Illinois, September 15th, 186-5, for final sion, Major-Gen. A. McClernaud com- 1 payment and discharge. As will be manding. j seen from the following roster, company Moved from Bethel, Tennessee, by j G was largely represented by men from rail, March 10th, 1863, to Germantown, ' Madison county. and on the 12th to White Station, and ' „ . Roster. was assigned to the Fourth Brigade.; Quartermaster. Joined Gen. F. Steele's expedition to ; james ^y. Davis, promoted captain and A. C. Little Rock, Arkansas, at Helena, :, S., March, 1863, by the president. August 21st, and on the 28th was as- Non-commissioned Staff. signed to Col Triie's Brigade, and Sep- Quartermaster Sergeant. tember 2d joined the main army at Caleb Sappington, must'd out Jan. 9, 1865. Brownsville, Arkansas. November 10th, assisted in the capture of Little Rock. Ou the 15th, moved by rail via Duvall's , ^^^^^ christian, di"sch'. Dec. 6, 1864 Bluff to Memphis, arriving November Muster Roll Company C. I! ecru it. 21st, 1863. January 15th, 1864, three- fourths of the regiment re-enlisted, and was mustered as veteran volunteers and Muster Roll Company £. Privates. Burk, Patrick, tr. to Mulligan's Brigade Jan. 24, 1862. assigned to the Third Brigade, Col. S. j Cavenaugh, James, tr. to Mulligan's Brigade H. Wolf, Third Division, Brig.-Gen. I fjj^]pj^"-jyji^haeir A. J. Smith, of the Sixteenth Army ; Kelly, Robert, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. r-i r\ ^t o-r..i- ■ i 1 J i. : Moran, John, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. Corps. On the 27th inst., marched to | McLean, John, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. Vicksburg, Mississippi, and was with , Patterson, William S., must'd out Jan. 9, '65. Maj.-Gen. Sherman in the Meridian cam- ; Recruits. paign, returning to Vicksburg March [ Lyles, AYilliam, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 3d. Was assigned to the Red River \ pe^brook, William K., vet. expedition, and on March 14th partici- pated in the capture of Fort De Russey, Louisiana ; April 9th, engaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, and returned to Memphis June 10th, 1861. On the 24th inst , ordered to Illinois for i Captains veteran furlough. The detachment of j j^^^;^ ^y jyioQ^e, term expired Jan. 9, 18 non- veterans remained, commanded by i Cyrus E. Daniels, must'd out Sept. 9, 186 Muster Roll Company F. IVivatcs. Hawkins, James, died at Paducah, Kv. 4, 1862. Master Roll Company G. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 243 First Lieutenant. William W. Bliss, must'd out Jan. 10, 1865. Second Lieutenant. ■William M. Whaling, must'd out Mar. 14, '64. Corporah. John Ilullis, vet, must'd out Sept. 9, lS6o, as sergeant. John Morgan, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 18G.5. Privatea. Assman, William, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, '65. Bergs, Peter, vet., luust'd out Sept. 9, 1S65. Bartlett, David, disch. March 19, ISlio. Burns, Patrick, must'd out Jan. 9, 1863. Caswell, John D., must'd out Jan. 9, 1S63. Ciry, William M. Champine, Francis, vet., must'd out Sep. 9 '65. Caldwell, L. P., must'd out Dee. 28, 1864. Durkes, Valentine. Emmereon, Isaac M., vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 186.1 Elliott, J. K., disch'd Feb. 1, 1863. Folev, Patrick, must'd out Jan. 9, 1865. Finnv, John A., vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 1865, as corporal. Holdenbcri;, Peter, tr. to V. R. C , S^pt. 22, '63. Inman, RiiYus, tr. to V. R. C, July 3, 18iJ3. McLoughlin, Edward, died at Little Rock, Sept. 11, 1863. McCarty, C -melius, mjsl'd out Jan. 9, 186-5, a,s sergeant. Melvin, Edmund, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, '6-5, as corporal. McCullum, M., vet., must'd out Sept. 9, lS6o. Riedmun, David. Sliorader, Peter, vet., must'd out Sept. 9, 65. Stacy. Simeon, disch'd Oct. 22, 1862 W'ilson, John, vet , must'd out Sept. 29, 1865. Waters, James, awaiting trial. Wilson, William H., vet., mu.st'd out Sept. 9, 1865; wounded. Mecruits. Bliss, William H., mu.st'd out Sept. 9, 186-5. Daniels. John X., must'd out Sept. 9, 1865, as corporal. Duncan, Jo.«eph. l':ikins, John M., died at home Nov. 20. 1864. Elkins, James M., must'd out Sept. 9,1865. Epping, John, must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. McKinney. Samuel, must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. M.:Cann, Thomas. Smith, John H., musfd out Sept. 9, 186-5. Thompson, James P., must'd out Sept. 9, 65. Vinson. Joseph B., must'd out Sept. 9, 186-). Whitbread, William, must'd out Sept. 9, 186-5. Wainwright, George, must'd out Sept. 9, 1865. Flftletli Infantrj-.— iTliree Year* Sen-tee.) Muster Roll Company II. Hecruils. McKenzie, James, must'd out May 30, 186.5. Sliepard, William, must'd out July 13, 1865. Fifty-*!-'* Infantry. (.TTiree Years Service.) First Assistant Surgeon. Francis W. Lytle, pro. surgeon, 36th R?gt., resigned April 29, 1865. Ultuter Roll Company 1. Prirate- Thener, Frederick E., must'd out Sept. 25. '65. SInater Roll Company K. Private. Holbert, .Vbram V., disch'd Feb. 28, 1865 ; term e.xpired. Flfty-thlnl Infantry— Three Years' Service- Muster Roll, Company W. Drajted and Sub Becruit. Labey, Thoma.=, sub , m. o. July 22, 1865. Flfty-fonrtU Infantry— Three Years' Service —Muster Roll Company D. Recruits. Martin, John, m. o. Oct. 15, 186-5. Flfly-eigUtU (^Consolidated) Infantry- Tliree Years' Service. Was recruited as Camp Douglas, Chicago, on the 11th of February, 18G2, and left the camp for the south on the following day. It saw hard service, and was must* red out at Montgomery, Ala., the 1st of April, 1866. Mnster Roll Company F. Second lAeulenant. William Cooper, m. o. as sergt. Mar. 2, 1836. Corporals. Jo.seph Lamm, m. o. Feb. 26, 1866. Jacob Shad. Wagoiier. William H. Wisenhut, m. o. Feb. 26, 1866. Privates. Aldrup, Ilonrv, died at Cairo, April 26, 1866. Burke, Geo. W., m. o. May 29, 1865. George, Eilward. Griliin, Alexander, m. o. Feb. 23, 1866. Wallace, Henry, absent at m. o. of regt. Flfty-nlntli Infantry. Three Y'ears' Service. Four companies, C, D, E and F, were represented in the Fifty-ninth from Madison county— company D being nearly full. This regiment of Illinois men was first accredited to Missouri, Illinois' quoto being full, and was known as the Ninth Missouri Infantry. Did good service in that state. February 12th, 186'2, the name was changed to the Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry. Was in the battle of Pea Ridge, where it fought gallantly all day. After marching and skirmishing, arrived at West Plains on the "iSih of April. Captain Ellett, three lieutenants and fifty men were ordered to report for duty to Col. Charles Ellett's ram fleet. After service in Mississippi, Tennessee and Missouri, under Gen- .Jeff. C. Davis, and later. Gen. Robert B. Mitchell, on September 3d, left Mur- freesboro, and be^an the westward march with Buell, arriving at Louisville, Sep- tember '26th. On October 1st, moved in pursuit of Bragg. October 7th, engaged the enemy at Chaplin Hills. On the 8lh, lost heavily, lo-sing 113 killed and wounded out of 361 going into action. On the 10th,- pursued the enemy, and on the 14th, had a severe skiuuish at Lancai-ter. Was in the Stone river campaign with the Army of the Cum- berland, and in the Tullahoma cam- paign during the siege of Chattanooga; ttas constantly under fire of the enemy's batteries. November 23d, 1863, started on Lookout Mountain campaign. The Third brigade, of which the Forty-ninth was a part, was led in the assault on the Mission Ridge by this regiment. Jan- uary 12th, 18G4, was mustered out as a veteran organization. On Jlay 3d, the Atlanta campaign began. On the 7th, supported the attack upon Tunnel Hill. Ou the 8th, be^an the attack on Rocky Face Ridge, being constantly engaged until the loth. Was in action at Resaca, Adairsville, at Kingston, D.iUas, Ack- worth. Pine Top, Kenesaw, Mountain, Smyrna, Camp meeting grounds. From July 12th until August 25th, it was under fire night and day before Atlanta. Fought at Lovejoy Station. After skirmishing and doing arduous service, on December 1st reached Nashville. December loth, occurred the battle of Nashville. The Fifty-ninth was in the first line of the assaulting column, and planted the first colors on the captured works. The loss was terrible, one third being killed or wounded. This was the last battle of note in which the regiment was engaged. After being on duty in various parts of the South until Decem- ber 8th, 1865, at New Braunfels, Texas, it was mustered out, and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, for final payment and discharge. Of its brilliant record each member of the Fifty-ninth, from the colonel commanding to the humblest private, is justly proui. All honor to the Fifty-ninth ! Rojter— Muster RoU Company C. Veterans. .\sendorf, Henry. Cheelev, John, m. o. Dec 8, 1865. Dorsey, Wm. M., m. o. Dec. 8. 18(35. Master Roll Company D. Captain. William P. Renfro, resigue.l Sept. 3, 1862. Orlando W. Frazier, resigned Feb. 2-5, 1865. Emanuel Mennet, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. First Lieutenant. Warren D. Crandall, pro. to ram fleet. Chesley A. Mossman, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. Second Lieutenant. John P. Anderson, term ex. Jan. 31, 1865. Benjamin F. Steven.s, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. First Sergeant. William F. Howard, disch. Jan. 1863; disb. Sergeants. Jacob Hatham, killed at Stone river, Dec. 31, 1862. 244 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS Franklin Parker, tr. to Miss, ram fleet Feb. 11, I 1803. \ Corporals. ■\Villiaiii Pickering, disch. Apr. 12, '62; dis'y. Joliu W. Matlock, m. o. Aug. 18, 1804 as pri- vate. .Jolin Mc.\r(lle, vet., in. o. Dec. 8, 18G5assergt. I George Waters. Phineas C. Eaton, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, lS6o as 1st sergeant. Simon Mor.se, tr. to V. R. C, Feb. 10, 1864. James H. Evans. Wagoner. StradlioflT, John C, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1805. Privates. Arterberry, James, m. o. Sept. 14, '04 as corp'l. Arterberrv, Tliomas, m. o. Sept. 14, 1864. Abbott, Thomas, killed at Perry ville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1802. Prewer, Geo. A. Bradley, James, tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 30, 1863. Po.t, William P., wounded severely at Pea Ridge ; discharged. Bateman, Jnscpb, m. o. Sept. 17, 1804. Ciandall, Eugene, killed at Pea Ridge, Ark., Mar. 7, 18i>2. Cox, Amer, died at St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 1, '61. ('hasp, Charles G., killed at Kenesaw Mt., June 27, 1864. Daniel, John J., disch. Dec. 10, 1862; disab'y. Deadle, Henry, disch. April 2, 1863. Ectine, Fritz., vet., m. o. Dee. 8, 1865. Francis, William, disch. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disab'y. Touch, Ljcurgus, m. o. Sept. 17, 1864. Henderson, Chas. B., vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. Hartman, Philip, ni. o. Sept. 17, 1864. Hinch, W. C, tr. to V. R. C. Feb. 16, 1863. Kelly, Johnsnn, died Mar 28, 1862; wounds. Lealy, Dennis, drowned at Hamburg, Tenn., May 22, 1862. Mossoman, Cliisley, pro. corp'l, serg't and 1st lieutenant. Miller, Charles J., m. o. Sept. 17, 1864. Palmer, Isaac W., killed at Pea Ridge, Ark., Mar. 7, 1862. Potter, Richard, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Pinchard, Joseph A., m. o. Sept. 17, '65. Ritlman. John, disch. Apr. 2, '63 ; dis. Rule, Joseph, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Rule. John H., died at Syracuse ; m. o. Jan. 28, 1862. Rule, Moses E., disch. Apr. 12, '62 ; dis. Spohn, Henry, killed at Pea Ridge, Ark., Mar. 7, '62. Spohn, Peter, vet., m. o. Dec, 8, '65 as corp'l. Sutton, Stephen, tr. to Miss, ram fleet Feb. 11, 1863. Simp.son, Francis, discharged Oct. 18, 1861 ; disability. Searcy, Edward C, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 18(i5 as corporal. Searcy, Thomas, discharged Feb. 17, 1863; wounds. Shield, Andrew J., vet., tr. toV. R. C. .\ug. 1, 18t3. Shemerstedt, Charles, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Tobin, Charles, m. o. Sept. 17. '64. Thomas, Charles, disch. Jan. 15, '63; dis. WatLs, Andrew J., killed at Stone river, Dec. 31, '62. Williams, Woodnut, di.sch. Apr. 2, 186- ; dis. Walter, Jo.seph, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Zimmerle, Alfred. RecruHs. Allen, David, tr. to V. R. C Aug. 1, '&%. Burns, Thomas W., disch. Oct. 9, 63; dig. Brywn. Wm. D., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Been, Peter J., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Brown, Charles N., vet., m. o Dec. 8, '65. Beard, Samuel W., killed at Kenesaw Mt., June 18, '64. Clark, George N., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Clark, Walter H., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Carllou, Silniyler, ir. to V. R. C. Aug. 1, '63. Daniel, .lolin J., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Elliott, .James, m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Early, John M.. m. o. Dec. 8. '65. Hedrick, Jesse, di.sch. Sept. 19, '63; dis. Hasting.s, Wm. J., m. o. Dec. 8, '65; wounded. Husong, Wm. .V., vet. Kill, Johnsen M., died at Jefferson City, Mo., Oct. 1, '61. Lohberg, Henry, disch. July 17, '62; dis. Marr, Peler, m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Murray, John, disch. Apr. 28, '63 ; dis. Oliver," Thomas J., tr. to Miss, ram lleet Feb. 11, '03. Roberts, John B., vet. Ranch, Joseph, died at Sugar Creek, Ark., Feb. 19, '62. Rude, Moses E., m. o. Dec. .a. '65. Roeggi-r, Fredk., m. o. July 29, '65 and Sept. 30, '65. Sackett, Andrew, m. o. Sept. 11, '64 as corpl. Simpson, Francis M., died at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 7, '65. Williams, James H., m. o. Dec. 11, '64 ascorp. Warmbrodt, Jacob, m. o. Dec. 8, '65 as musi'n. Weber, Frank W., vet., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Young, William A., m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Young, Benjamin F., disch. June 22, '65; dis. Young, Edward ]•., m. o. July 12, '65. Blnstrr Koll Company E. Recruils. Hefs, Jacob, m. o. Dec. 8, '65. Bluster Foil Company I. Corporal. Frederick Molsta, killed at Champlain Hills, Ky., Oct. 8, '62. Musician. Henry P. Nervions, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Wagoner. John Wortman, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Privates. Hampe, Henry F., disch. June 8, '63 as sergt.; disability. Nervions, Henry, m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Recruits. Delaney, John, tr. to Miss, marine brig. Feb. 11," '65. Hener, John B., killed atChamplaiuHills, Ky., Oct. 8, '62. Ingham, Chas. C. Jones, Kichard. Moflev, Albert, died at St. Louis, Jan. 12, '62. Paul, "or Powell, Wm. H., m. o. Sept. 17, '64. Unassigned Recruits. Brandes, .John. Minnahan, Daniel. Slxty-llrst Infiintry Three Years' Service.— Ainster Roll Company C, Recruits. Jenkins, Peter, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. Kuykendall, Simon, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. Kuykendall, Rodolph, m. o. Sept. 8, '05. Kuykendall, Lafayette, m. o. Sept. 8, '65. Muster Boll Company D. Privates. Hughes, Solomon, died at Savannah, Tenn. Reddish, William M., m.o. Feb. 7, '65 as sergt. Reernit. King, Geo. W., m. o. Sept. 8, '65. Muster Roll Company K. Recruitsf. Stout, Robt. C, m. o. Sept. 8, '65 as corp'l. Sixty-second Infantry.— Tliree Years' Ser- vice.— Muster Roll Company B. Priva'e.'!. Martin, John W., absent sick .it m. o. of regt. Gasteiiecker, Wm., m. o. Mar. (i, 'liij as corji'l. Recruil. West, Elijah, m. o. Feb. 18, 'liii; as corp'l. Slity-fonrthlnfantry— Tliree Years" ServUe. First Ansiftnnt Surgeon. Otto E. Rotsch, m. o. July 11, '65. Muster Roll Company E. Corporal. William Paul, vet. Muster Roll Compaiky O. Privates. Dolon, Patrick, died at Joliet, 111., Aug. 21, "64. Small, Cushman, died at Mound City, Sept. 29, 1864. Unassigned Recruil. Clifford, Henry. Sixty-sixth Infantry.— Three years' service. Was first organized at Benton Bar- racks, Missouri, in September, 1861, by- John W. Birge, and was known as " Birge's Sharp Shooters." Subsequently it was mustered as the Fourteenth Mis- souri Infantry Volunteers, and left for the field Dec 12th. 1861. In Novem- ber, 1862, the regiment -was transferred to the state of Illinois, and numbered Sixty sixth ; companies E, F, G and H, being represented by men from Madison county. During the year of 186.'^, it was engaged in frequent skirmishes with the enemy at Tuscumbia river, capturing 10 officers and 150 men, the loss of the regiment being three officers and 15 men taken prisoners. Ordered to Burusville, Miss., November 2d, I860: marched to Eastport on the Tennessee, the 3d inst ; crossed the river on the 5th, and moved toward Pulaski, Tenn., on the 6th, ar- riving the 12th. Remained here until January 1864. Three fourths of the men having re-enlisted, moved onward toward Illinois for veteran furlough. Furloughed from Chicago, Jan. 25th, and on the 1st of March reassembled at Joliet, and again moved for the field. Mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 7th, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., July 9th, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Roster. Surgeon. Joseph Pogue, mustered out July 7, 18G5. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 245 Muster Roll Company B. First LieuUminls. Frank M. Bingham, of Blouiiiington, miis out. ]Uii8ter Roll C'oiiiiiaiiy K. Primtes. Sems, Isaac, tr. to Co. B. M. O. Seiit. 22, 'fi4. Snyder, John, tr. to Co. B. M. O. Se|il. 22, 't)4. Wallace, Thomas, vet., must'd out July 7, 'iio Musfcr Roll Coiiipauy F. First Licalenant. Cyrus A. Lfmon, dismissed JCov. 26, 18G2. Muster Roll Company O. Secniile. Clark, Isaac AV., must'd out July 7, 1865. Cramp, Henry C, died at Rome, Ga., July 10, 1864. Drurv. Franklin B. died at Pia.sa, III., Dec. 31, i864. Mofire, David, nuLstered out July 7, 1865. Wilson, Robert L., mustered out July 7, '65. Muster Roll Company H. Brrruits. Manning, Thomas B., must'd out July 7, '65, as corporal. Morton, William, vet. recruit, died June 14, '64, in hands of the enemy at Atlanta, Ga. Slxty-Elgbth Infantry.— Three Months' Ser- vlee. Mnster Roll Company A. Murehead, James A. Mnster Boll Company F. Private. Burnett, Eugene, mustered out Sept. 24, '62. Stity-Nlntli Infantry Three Mouths' Ser- vice. Muster Roll Company I. S< r(irant. Silas E. Libhy, mu.-tered out Sept. 27, 1862. Privafes. Olson, Nelson, mustered out Sept. 27, 1862. Shoop, J. H., mustered out Sept. 27, 1862. Smith, George F., mustered out Sept. 27, '62. Seventy-Tlilrd Infantry.— Three Years' Ser. Muster Roll Company H. Oiptaiii. Jo-seph L. Morg.m, mustered out June 12, '6'). Eightieth Infantry.— Three years' ser^-ice. Was organized in August, 1862, at Centralia, Illinois, by Col. T. G. Allen, and mustered into the United States service on the 25th of the same month, for three years. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., September 4th following, and be- came apart of the Thirty third Brigade under Gen. Terrell. Assigned to the Tenth Division, Gen. Jackson command- ing, and in Gen. McCook's corps. On the 1st of October, under Gen. Buell. marched in pursuit of Bragg. First engaged the enemy in the battle of Perry ville, October 8ih, losing 14 killed, and 58 wounded, including Lieut. Von Kem- rael killed. Lieut. Andrews mortally wounded, and Lieut. Col. liodgers, and Lieut. Pace severely wounded. Gens. Terrell and Jackson were also killed. December ^Gth started in pursuit of the enemy under John Morgan. Jan. 2d, 1863, discontinued the pursuit. On the 10th of the same month was assigned to the Fourteenth Army C>rps, Gen J. J. Reynolds' Division. March 20th the Brigade of 1500 men, and two pieces of artillery, while on a scout, were attacked by John Morgan and 5000 of the enemy ; but they were repulsed, with heavy loss. About the middle of April the regiment was mounted, and soon after, while scouting, met and repulsed the enemy at Dug's Gap, and Sand Mountain, at the latter place capturing a battery of two guns ; loss, 2 killed, and 16 wounded. At Blunt's farm. May 2d, again defeated the enemy, and May 3d was surrendered to a vastly superior force under Gen. Forrest, who, contrary to stipulation, stole its blankets, watches and money. The regiment was taken to Rome, and paroled and sent to Atlanta. From the latter place the officers were sent to Libby Prison. The enlisted men were forwarded to Richmond, arriving May 13th, thence to City Point, and Annap- oli.", and on the 19th moved to Camp Chase, Ohio ; June 23d, was declared exchanged, and moved to St. Louis. Ou the 29th started for Nashville, Ten- nessee, Lieut. J. A. Miller in command of the regiuunt. Sept. Sth, moved to Stevenson, Ala- bam^i, Capt. Cunningham in command. On the 23d reported to Gen. Howard, commanding Elevtnth Army Corps. Was assigned to Third Brigade, com- manded by Col. Hecker, (the same was apart of the Third Division, under Gen. Schurz). l»lov. 24 and 25, did good ser- vice in the battle of Mission Ridge. May 3d, 1864, commenced the Atlanta cam- paign, and formed a part of the grand army under Sherman. Participated in the battles of Dalton, Resaca, Adairsvillo, Cassville, Dallas, Pine IMountain , Kene- saw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Franklin, Atlanta, Jonesboro and ! Lovejoy Station. During the campaign 1 the regiment captured 150 prisoners, and lost 25 killed, 60 wounded. Marched ' October 3d in pursuit of Hood, and December 15 and 16 took part in the battle of Nashville; this was the last engagement of any consequence in which the regiment participated. The Eight- ieth traveled over 6,000 miles, and en- gaged the enemy in over twenty battles. On the 10th of June, 1865 was mustered out of service, and proceeded to Cam p Butler, 111., for final pay and discharge. Roster. Oilond. Andrew F. Rodgers, honorably disch. (as Lt. Col.) Nov. 25, lSt!4. 3Iajor. Henry Zeis, hon. discb. (as Capt.) May 1.5, '65. Adjutant. James B. Newman, must'd out June 19, '65. First Assistant Surgeon. Ebenezer Rodgers, resigned Feb. 23, 1863. Non-Commtssloued StalT. Principal Musieian. John S. Culp, mustered out June, 10, 1865. Muster Roll Company B. Captains. George W. Carr, resigned June 27, 1863. John H. Smiths, mustered out as First Lieut. June 10, 1865. William R. Wright, must'd out June 10, '65. Second Lieutenants. Henry C. Smith, resigned Jan. 22, 1863. Stephen A. Albro, must'd out July 20, 1865. Conrad II. Flick, M. O. as serg't. June 10, '65. Sergeants. William Campbell, disch. Sept. 10, '63; disat'y. John I). Heisi'l, reduced at his own request, tr. to V. R. C March 23, 1864. Corporals. William H. Clavton, serg't., died May 5, '65. John W. Waldron, tr. to V. R. C. Oct. 1 863. Jacob Yant, Serg't., died at Nitshville, Tenn., July 3, 1864; wounds. William W. Edwards, reduced at his own re- quest, mustered out July 10, 1865. James P. Blankenship, dLscli. Dec. 29, 1865; disability. William D. Wilson, tr. to Miss. Marine Brig. Sept. 15, 1863. Hiram Anthis, tr. to V. R. C. Dec. 5, 1864. Privafes. Barnes, Ilenrv W., tr. to V.R.C. Mar. 23, '64. Burts. Rupel T. Beely, George, must'd out June, '65; as cnrp'l. Besscr, Charles R., mustered out June, 1865. Bright Hinson mustered out June, 1865. Brownlee, John B. W-, m. o. June, 'tVi: wounds. Chandler, Henry D., died Apr. 20, 1863. Clifl'ord, Andrew (i., nuistered out June 10, 1865, as 1st sergtant. Cummings, Alfred, died at Marietta, Ga., July, 1864 ; wounds, t^rawford, George M.. must'd out May 16, '65. Carter, Winfield, dis<-h. Aug. 21, 1863. Dorsey, Nimroil, m. o. June 10, '6.5, as serg't. Deck, Jacob S.. m. o. June 10, '65, as corp'l. Deck, James If., m. o. June 10, 1865. Dailey, John T. _ Diamond, Wni. M. O. .June, 10, '65; wounded. Kdwards, Hardin, disch. June 30, 1863. Mnley, Simpson, diicli. Nov. 22, 1863. 246 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Frost, Nelson, P., ni. o. June 10, '65, as corp'l. | Foster, Francis M., corporal, (lied at Viuing Station, Ga., Aug. 10, 18()4 ; wounds. Foster, William, mustered out June 10, 1865. Fenstermann, John, musl'd out June 10, '65. Gabrile, Cliarle.*, musl'd out June 10, 1805. Grimm, \Vm., mustered out June 10, 1865. | Huibcrl, Amos, discli. May 30, '63 ; wounded. Holland, John M., mnsttred out June 10, '65. Huntington, Henrv E., M. O. June 10, 1S65. Harris, Gliatles, tr.' to V. K. C. Sept. 8, 1864. Hunt, David B., disch. Aug. 21, lst53. Havs, Matthew, tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 8, 1863. Hebner, Philip, tr. to. V. K. C. Sept. 8, 1863. Howe, Philip A., tr. to V. K. C. Dec. 8, 1863. Jone.s, William M., disch. July 5. '65 ; w'ds. Kamper, John H., mustered out July 10, '66. Little, Henrv B., mustered out July 10, 1865. McDowell, William N., dis. Aug. 21, 1883. Moore, Samuel A., mustered out July 10, '65. McClain, Michael, died June 3, '66 , wounds. Mcintosh, Francis, ir. to. V'. K. C. Dec. 3, '63. Marshall. Moses B., died Nov. 23, 1862. Miller, Henrv, mustered out June 10, 1865. Kichols, Wm!, M. O. June 10, '65, as teamster. Patrick, David, M. O. June 10, '65, as corp'l. Roach. David G., died Nov. 8, 1862. Ricemann, Frederick, M. O. June 10, 1865. Rees, David, disch. Jan. 10, 1863. RoUotJ", John mustered out June 10, 1865. Stahl, Daniel L , M. O. June 10, '65, as serg't ; wounded. Shafer, Wm. H., tr. to V. R. C. Sept. 8, 1863. Snedeker, Theodore, died at Bridgeport, Ala., April 9, 1864. Shafer, George D., mustered out June 10, '05. Sees, Henry C, disch. March 20, '64; wounds. S acy, Joseph, mustered out June 10, 1865 Slnster Boll Company D. Musician. Thomas N. Harris mustered out June 10, Mu8ter Roll Company E. Private. '65. Lyons, Luther, disch. Oct. 25, '62. McShane, Barnev, died in rebel prison, March 31), 1863. McOauley, Charles W., trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 2, 1863. McCauley, John, M. O. June 10, '65. Eyre Sylvester, mustered out June 10, 1865, , McUauley, William, detached at muster out of regt. Oselaud, Thomas, mustered out June 10, '65, as corporal. Muster Roll Company KL, 1 pris war. fu„,„:„, 1 Owens, Elijah, tr. to V. R. C. Mar. 25, '64. i^aptaim. O.seland, Moroni, disch. Oct. 24, '62. Alexander Hodge, houorably discharged. May q^^^^^^ y^y. ■\v., tr. to V. R. C. .Mar. 25, '64. 1^. 1865. ! Oliver, J;is. H., M. O. June 10, '65. John A. Miller, mus. out as com. capt., June p^^^i^^ Paschall, musl'd out June 10, 1865, as 10, 186 First Lieutenant. Edmund D. Klersey, resigned May 12, 1865 Elias Preuitt, mus. out June 10, 1865. Second Lieutenant. William Webster, mus. out June 10, 1865. First Sen/cant. Wm disability Sergeants. James Hays, mustered out June 10, 1865, as private. John F. Thompson, discharged Feb. 13, 1865, private. Corporals. James Ran.sdall, disch'd Mar. 7, 1863. John W. Dorsey, disch'd April 10, 1863. Lewis, Ralph, mustered out June 10, 1865, as sergeant. Nelson Starkey, killed at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864. Musician. sergeant. Randall, Elias, died at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Robson, Andrew E., detaclied at must out of reg't. Ralph, William. Stringer, William. Starke, Christian, disch. Feb. 13, '63. J. Robinson, discharged March 8, 1803, Sw«'^'-J- Wm., M. O. June 10 '65 ° Spaulding, John, M. O. June 10, 'bo. Thompson, Moses, absent, sick at m. o. of regt. Usher, Wm., must, out June 10, '65 Wenck. Engelhard, corpl., tr. to "V. R. C, May 2, 1864. Wood, Calvin, corp'l, died, Greenville, Tenn., April 17, 186.5. Wood. Solomon F., serg't, wounded June 10, '04, tr. to V. R. C. Oct. 20, '64. Wood, James H., killed at Dallas, Ga., June 2, 1864. Young, Alfred, mus. out June 10, '65, .as Corp., wounded. Ziska, Frank, M. O. June 10, '65. Eecruils. Stahl, John H., M. O. June 10, '65, as serg't. Stafford, Edwin, M. O. June 10, '6.5, as corp'l. 1 Wm. H. Wright, mus. out June 10, '65. ShertV, Abraham, mustered out June 10, 186.5. I r> • i Sherfv, Isaac, M.O. June 10, '65; wounded. J:'nvates. Thorp Edwin C, M. O. June 10, '65, as corpl. Bigler, John, mu.'teied out June 10, bo. Underwood' Lemuel, dls. Dec. 29, 1862. I Breedlove, Bales H., tr. to 38th 111. inf., M. 0. Windsor, Charles, disch. Oct. 1, 1863. I Mar. 20. 1866. Windsor. Henry, mustered out June 10, 1865. , Buell. John, disch d Oct. 24, 1862. Wisler, Charles" disch. Oct. 1, 1863. | Bivens, Charles N., trans, to V. R. C, April 1, WilliamsThomas J., M. O June 10, 1863. i 1864. ^ . .,, „ Wittle, Win., trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 1, 1865. j Bogess. Thomas H., died at Louisville, Ky., Weaver. Edward, mustered out June 10, 186.5. Oct. 23, 1862. n,,- Yonng, Francis M.^ M.O. June 10. '65, corp'l. Carter, Talbud P., mustered out June 10, ho, p r.,,,,.. Tliinoi^ fientember 1862 Younce, James, P., tr. to Miss. Marine Brig., ! as sergeant. ; Oamp Hinler, illinoi* toepteruDer, 130., Sept 16, 1863 1 Clark, Matthew bt. C. G., tr. to 3Sth 111., M. O. jjy Q^l. Frederic Hecker, and was mus- Yager, Cyrus W.,mus.ered out June 10, '65. ^^^^^^-J'^^O, _186^. ^.^^^ ^^ ^^^^.^^^^ ^^ I ^^^^^j .^ ^^^^^^^ .33^ jgg^ p^^p^^^^^l n,, „,., I Nov. 13, 1862. at Wasliington City, November 3d, at licCrUil. I r^ , ,, ^ .i:.„u,j c...* 1 'A I «.«..«^o*1 I " "^ _ _ . _ , and Cronan, Denni.«, tr. to 38lli Ills., M. O. March 11, 1860. McCaulev, Geo., tr. to V. R. C, Sept. 2, '63, M. O. Aug. 11, '6.5. Miller, Mark P., absent, wounded, at m. o. of regiment. EJglity-second Infantry. -Three years' ser- vice. The EiKhtv-.secoad was organized at Ingram, .Tolin. Dorsey,Albert.disch'dSept. 1, '64 wounded, j j^ . ^ November 9, Dillon, Ell, on furlough at m. o. of reg t.. ^iiiUo>-"" lici^nio, ^ , Dillon, Newton, corporal, died at Nashville, was assigned to Siegel's Division, A Muster Roll Company C. Scrijeant. Robert Kaiser, disch. Feb. 23, '63; disability Corporals. Heinrieh Oppermann, red. tr. to V. Jan. 10, 1865. George Flach. Private*. Braimsfield, Mathiis, must'd out June 10, '65. fiance, Roswell B., transfd to V. R. C, May Bruncke, Friederii-h, m.isl'd out June 10, '65. 1, 1864. Ei^permann, Adam, M. O. June ]0,'65, corp'l. Howard, Peter, mus. out June 10, 65. Heine. Wm ilisch. Oct. 2-5, '65 : disabilitv. Hadar, Joseph, died at Murfreesboro, Tenn , Hansen, H.nrv disch. Dee. 23 63; disability. Mar. 20, 1863. Holtz Henrv, discharged for disability. House, Chas., disch. Jan. 2. 1863. Holt/.' Louis, died at Richmond, Va., Mar. Hill, Wm., mustered out June 10, '6.3, as corp. Tenn., Dec. 17, '64, wounds. Dillon, Jasper, must, out June 10, '65. Deck, John W., M. O. June 10, '65. Dillon. Levi, tr. to 3Sth 111. inf , M. O. March 20, 1866. Deroupe, Hypoliie, mus. out June 10, '65. C Doyle, Bryan. Ferguson. Andw., muster»^d out .June 10, 1865. Humphries, Thos., died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. 10, 1864, while prisoner of war. Meyer, George, died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Feb. 8, 1803. Schmidt. Nicola.s, m. o. June 10, "65 ; as corp'l. W.ilter. .\nton, mustered out June 10, 1865. 'VVei^s, Cliristoph., must, out June 10. 1865 Weber, Frederich, discharged June 30, 1863, disability. wounded. assignea to »iegei s i^ivision, xi-rmy of the Potomac, Gen. Burnside com- manding. Marched to Fairfax Court House, November 19th ; to Stafford Court House, December 11th ; and was attached to First Brigade. Col. Schim- melfennig ; Third Division, Gen. Schurz; Eleventh Array Corps, Gen. Stahl. The regiment participated in Gen. Burnside's second movement against Fredericksburg, January 20th ; 1863. January 2.5th, Gen. Burnside was relieved by Gen. Hooker, and the Jack.^on. Jas. M., corp'l, tr. to V. R. C, May ! Eighty-second moved to Stafford Court- , f^?*^^- ^ V . T 1 -fl, .,- IT. House, February 6th. April 1st, Gen. Lovd. Clement C. disch Jan 4, '64, disability. : , , , ..\, r-, .1 Linder, Wm. H., tr. to V. R. C, Sep. 1 '63. j Howard took command or the Eleventh Linder, Riehd., tr. to V. R C, Apr. 10, '64. (jorpg . crossed the Rappahannock and Lawrence, Henry, mustered out June 10, 63, ' ,• • ^ 1 ■ 41 1 t,i„ as corporal. ■ Rapidan, and participated lu the battle EISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 247 of Chancellorsville, May 2d, 1863, los- ' ing one hundred and fifty-five killed, wounded and missing. June 12th ; moved from camp on the campaign which ended in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 2d, and 3d, 1863. The regiment was in the hottest part of this battle, and fought vigorously, sus- taining a loss of one hundred and twelve killed, wounded and missing. Followed the enemy back to Virginia, and after a nearly uninterupted march of two mouths, encamped at Walnut Branch Church, near Catlett's Station, August 19th, 1863. Gen. Tyndaie took com- mand of the Brigade, July 13th ; Sep- tember 25th, 1863, marched to Manassas Junction, and thence by rail for the De- partment of the Cumberland, arriving at Bridgeport, Alabama, October 1st, 1863. Col. Hecker, at this time, com- manded the Brigade. The regiment was transferred, October I9th, to the Third Brigade, and Col. Hecker assigned to command of Brigade. Moved to Eussel's Gap, October 19th ; and occu- pied and defended it during the fight, in which Gen. Hooker obtained posses- sion of a line of hills near Lookout Mountain, October 2Sth, 1863. Mustered out June 9th, 186.5, at Washington, D. I C, and arrived at Chicago, June 16th, 1865, where it received final payment and discharge. Roster. Mnstrr RoU, Company F. Privates Pope, .lohn, tr. to 2d Minn. Vols., May 29, '63. Kedman, Frank, luiist'd out .June 9. 1865. Utz, Frederick, died Mar. 29, '63, wounds. Weniinp, Bernhardt, tr. to V. R. C., Jan. 17, 1804. liecTiiit. Anerswald, Alfred G., tr. to 14 A. C. Muster Roll Company G. First Lieutenant. Joseph Gottlob, promoted to Capt. Co. I. Sergeant. Frederick W. Radt, disch. Aug. 14, 1803, as private, wounded. Privale.f. Gottleib, Wm. must'd out June 9, '65 as corp'l. Lehue, George, died at Stafford C. H. Va., Mar. 16, 1863. Pabi, .Joseph, killed at Dallas, Ga., May 2-5, 1804. Master Roll Company H. Captain. Emil Frev, promoted maj , must'd out as corp'l, June 9, 1865. First Lieutenant. Johann Sporre, cashiered May 25, 1863. Corporah. Franz Tsherner, must'd out June 9, 1865. Theodore Chatodey, died in Andersonville prison, Sept. 18, 1864. AVendslin Trapj), must'd out. Wagoner. Jacob Limon, disch'd Feb. 12, 1863, disability. Privatei. Barker, Jacob, disch'd Sept. 30, 1864, disabl'ty. Erisman, Sanuiel, must'd out from V. R. C, June "JO, I860. Grabert, Joseph, died at Whiteside, Tenn., Feb. 1, 1.'S'j4. Geisbuchler, Johann, disch'd Feb. 7, 1864, disobiliiy. Hochuli, J.iccb, disch'd Apr. 5, '63, disbl'ty. Holzgang, Joseph, must'd out June 9, 186.5, wounded. Hildebrand, Edward, died Nashville, Tenn., June 11, 1864. I Hilderbramlt, Johann, must'd out June 9, 1865, | as sergeant. Koch, (lustav David, must'd out .June 9, 1865. Kurt, Johann Ultich, absent at M. O. of reg't. Kisstlins, Johann, di.^ich'd Sept. 4, '63, disbl'ty. Krim, Johann, tr. to \'. R. C. [ Muller, Heinrich, disch'd for dis-abl'ty. Ofl'enheim, Michael, must'd out June 9, 1865. Pfeiffer, Franz, must'd out June 2H, 1865. [ Seyfried, Robert, died, at Camp Butler, 111. | Oct. 24, 1862. I Schneider, Carl, disch'd Jan. 5, 1864. | Vogele, Wenillin, musi'd out June 9. '65. Witlmar, Johann, disch'd .Vpr. 26, '63, disbl'ty. W'ei.-'Sfnberger, Ludwig, musi'd out June 9, '65. Wildhaber, Wilhelm, mu.st'd out June 9, lSt)5. Willischack, Ernst, absent, wounded at M. O. AViklhaber, Justus, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. 1 Zeigler, Carl, nuist'd out June 9, 1865. | Zimmerle, Jacob, must'd out June 9, '65. Master Roll Company K. Privates. Bertel, Xavier, died at Camp Schurtz, Va., Mav 1, '()3. Giintlier, Xavier, disch'd Aug. 12, '64, disbl'ty. Muller, Richard, absent, sick at M. O. of reg't. Stooker, M.athias, tr. to V. R. C, Get. 20, '63. Weber, Theodore, tr. to Co. IE, Nov. 1, '62, must'd out June 9, '6.5, as corp'l. Ninety-First Infantry.— Tliree Years' Service. Master Roll Company .\. Pecruits. Bannon, Michael, tr. to Co. F., 28 Ills., M. O. Feb. S, '66. .Masters, Barton AV., tr. to Co. A.. 28 Ills., M. O. Mar. 15, '66. Master Roll Company K. Musician. Milton B. Palmer, died at Brazos Santiago, Texas, July 30, '64. Ninety Seventh Infantry. — Tliree Tears' Service This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, by Colonel Friend S. Rutherford in September, 1862, and mus- tered into the United States service the 16th of the same month. October 3d it moved to Cincinnati, and on the 17th inst. marched to Nicholasville, and re- mained until the 10th of November, when it was assigned to the Division of Brigadier General A. J. Smith, and thence it moved to Louisville, Ky., ar- riving the loth. Embarked for Mem- phis, Tenn., on the 17th and went into camp the 26th following. It was here assigned to the Second Brigade under Col. W. J. Landrum of the Ninth Divis- ion, Brigadier General A. J. Smith commanding, and was a part of the Thirteenth Army Corps commanded by Major General John A. ^IcClernard. Dtcember 20th, it left Memphis and landed near Walnut Hill, on the Yazoo river, and occupied the extreme right during the operation at Vickirburg. When the attack was abandoned on the first of January, 1863, moved to Arkan- sas Post, and participated in the battle at that place on the 11th following. On the 15th, it moved down the river to Young's Point. "Went to Millikiu's Bend on the 6th of JIarch. Marched to Grand Gulf April 15th, and May 1st, was engaged with the enemy at Port Gibson, and the 16th at Champion Hills. May 19th, arrived in the rear of Vicks- burg and participated in the siege until its capitulation, July 4th, 1863. I The regiment afterwards took part in ' General Sherman's expedition to Jack- son, and returned to Yicksburg, where it remained until the 25th of August, at which date it embarked for New Orleans, with Brigadier General M. K. Lawler commanding the Fourth Divis-ion, and went into camp at Carrollton on the 27th. It was mustered out of service July 29th, 1865, at Galveston, Texas,and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., August 13th, 1865, where it received final pay- ment and discharge. Roster. \ Colonel. \ Friend S. Rutherford, hon. disch. June 16, '64. ] Quartermaster. George C. Cockerel, mustered out Jul. 29, '65. Surgeon. Charles Davis, mustered out July 29, '65. Assistant Surgeon. Constantine M. Smith, resigned March 16, '63. Non-Commlssloned Staff. Q. M. Sergean/s. William W. McKee, reduced to ranks Co. \., Fet>. 4, '63; died Feb. 2-5, '63. R. .K. Hoagland, mustered out July 29, '65. Hospital Steward. James Rowe, mustered out July 29, '65. 248 EISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Principal Musician. Max JoaKliimi, red. to ranks Co. I., Jan. 1,'63. Jackson D. VVooeirow, reduced to t'o. D., Sept. 24, '61; Fifer mus. out July 29, '65. niuater Roll, Caiupau)' A. Musician. Perry Stevens, disch. June 5, '65 ; disability. Hecruits. McGraw, James, transferred to 37th Illinois; deserted Feb. 28, 66. Murphy, John, disch. June 2, '65; disability. Miifiter Roll, Compauy B. Recruits. Arnold, Stephen D., transferred to 37th Ill- inois ; mustered out 15, '66. Town.send, Eli, transferred to 37th Illinois ; mustered out 15, '66. Muster Roll, Company C. Recruits. Daniel D. While, disch. Mar. 26, '63; disabl'y. Samuel Mathews, died Jan. 18, '63 ; wounds. James Norman. William Bar, mus. out Jul. 29, '65, as private. Privates. Al.^op, William B., discli. Sep. 6, '82 ; disblty. Armstrong. George, disch. Feb. — , '63 ; di.sb'y. Bishop, William, vet. dis., mus. out Jul. 29, '65. Boreman, Howland, died at New Orleans Dec. 5, 1863. Bowen, Henrv, mus. out Julv 29, '65. Brown, Edward, disch. Feb. — , '63 ; disability. Bryant, Henry, transferred to Uo. C. Davis, Fred, mus. out Jul. 29, '6o, as Sergeant. Dalbee, John P. Elkins, Joel S., trans, to 37th 111. Inf. ; died at Columbus, Tex., Oct. 17, '65. Foreman, Samuel, mus. out July 29, '65. (4reenway, John B. Hanson, George, mus. out July 29, '6.5. Hinman, Arnold, disch. Feb. 2-1, '63; disabil'y. Jones, William, trans, to Co. C. McCorkle, Thomas C, dis. Feb. JO, '63 ; disb'y. McNulty, Patrick. Mason, Edward B-, trans, to Co. H. Groves, John H., trau.s. to 37th Illinois; dis- O.sborn, Xewton S trans, to Co I. ' . _ '-_.,- ' L>..r1.In.>lr 0..m 1.^ I rt-ttla rtll f .lull Paddock, Orville j., mus. out July 29, '6-5, as Corporal. Phinnev, Henry R , disch. for disability. Riggs, Daniel t., mus. out July 29, 65". Sinclair, Maihias Stamps, Henry, mus out July 29, '65. Stanton, David, Ckirporal, killed at Blakelv, Ala, April 9, '65. Stillwell, John, mus. out Jul. 29, '6-5, as musi- Gustave D. Beadle, mus. out July 29, '65, as , stricklTnd, Samuel D., disch. Jan. 6, '63 Private. ' Scrgexinls. David Radley, mus. out July 29, '6.5, as Priv't. James Bromley, private, reduced at his own request ; detached at muster out of reg't. charged Jan. 27, '66 ; disability. Martin, Joseph, trans, to 37th Illinois; mus- tered out Miy 15, '66. Keeve-s, James R., tran.s. to 37th Illinois; mus- tered out May 15, '66. Muster Roll, Company D. First Sergeant. Williamson, William Mecruiis. Coiyorals. Anderson, John, trans, to 37th III. Infantry ; mustered out May 1.5, 1866. Brennan, John, tr. to 37lh 111. Inft., must'd out Mav 15, 1866. Kichard ^lore, private, died at Nicholasville, Bragg.nan Her>ry, tr to 37th 111. Inft., must'd IT- v,„ iJ '(59 I 0"' ^^"^' 1°! 1866. ^•■' ^"^- ^•*> "^- - - j Bernard, Devine, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd ; out May 15, 1866. : Callahan Jolin, tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out Gilford b. Cornell, mus. out Jul. 29, '65, as pvt. Montgomery M. Seybert, mus. out J uly 29, '65, as private. Musician. G. W. D. Polk, accidentally killed Nov. 1, '63. Privates. Fairbanks, James M., mus. out .July 29, "65. Hodden, Wm. H, disch. Dec. 22, '62; disbilt'y. Muckler, Henry, discharged for disability. Polk, James K., mus. out July 29, '65. Rowe, John W., mus. out July 29, '65. Stillwagen, George, mus. out July 29, '65. AVilson, John W., trans to 37th III. Infantry ; dishonorably disch. Feb 21, '66. Muster Roll, Company G, Captains. John Trible, died Jan. 26, '63. James W. Davis, resigned July 26, '''3. Frederick F. Lewis, mus. out July 29, '65. First Lieutenant. Levi Davis, Jr., mus. out July 29, '65. Second Lieutenants. William P. Hazard, discharged. Curios Colby, absent sick at mus. out of reg't. Sergeants. John T. Beem mus. out (as private) July 29- '65, at his own request, for promotion. May 15, 1866 Carcofi; John, tr. to 37th III. Inft., deserted Feb. 18, 1866. Carter, Thomas M., tr. to 37th 111. Inft. must'd out May 15, 1806. Carter, William T., tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out Mav 15, 1866. Clark, John G., tr. to 37th III. Inft., deserted March 14, 1866. Clark, Jo.seph F., tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 1.5, 1866. Coons, F. A. M., tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866 Depuy, Frank, must'd out July 29 186-5. Dolan, Bernard.disch'd Jan. 6, 1865; disb'lty. Davis, Jo.seph, ir. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Dovle "f homas W.. tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd ■ out Mmv 15, 1866. Doyle, Henrv, tr. to 37th 111. Inft,, must'd out May 15," 1866. Duggan, John, tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Diggins, David, tr. to 37th 111. Infty., must'd out May 15, 1866. Enslow, Geo. W., tr., to 37th 111. Infl., must'd out May 15, 1866. Flinn, Patrick, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out Mav 1.5, 1866. Ford, William W., tr. to 37th 111. Inftv., must'd out May 15, 1866. Samuel K. McGregory, disch. May 1, '64, fori Framer, Jeremiah, tr. to 37th III. Infty., must'd promotion in Cal. Art. out May 15, 1866. Funk, Peter S., tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May 1.5, 1866. Goodwin, Nelson, died Mar. 29, 1865; wounds. Hall, Charles W., tr. to 37th. 111. Inft., disch'd March 24, 1866. Harris, Lewis T., tr. to 87th 111. Infty., must'd out May 1-5, 1866. Heath, Jeremiah, tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Halev, Jarae-", tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Johnson, Edward, sent to Tortugas for two years by G. C. M. Johnson. Charles, must'd out May 22, 186.5. Kemp, Jamis W., tr. to 37th 111. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Lee, James M., tr. to 37th HI. Inftv., deserted Feh. 18, 1866. Maguire, James, tr. to 37th 111. Inft., deserted Feb. 28, 1866. Munson, John, disch'd May, 1864. Murphv, John, tr. to 37ih III. Inft. , must'd out May 1.5, 1866. Morrison, Edward, sent to Dry Tortugas for accepting bribes from rebel prisoners. Racine, Lewis, tr. to 37th 111. Infty., must'd out May 15, 1866. Ramsey, Samuel, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May l-'i, 1866. Richmonil, Wiliam, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. as corporal. Robidon, John, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May loth, 1866. Williams, Joseph, tr. to 37th HI. Inft., must'd out May 15, 186.5, as corporal. Wilson William, tr. to 37th III. Inft., must'd out May 15, 1866. Wigand, William, disch'd Jan. 31, 1863 to en- list in Miss. Marine Brigade. Muster Rail Company H. Privates. Corbet, John, accidentally killed Nov. 1, '63. Sharkey, Michael, must'd out July 29, 1865. Sovern, Duncan L. Recruits. Evering, John L., tr. to 37 III. Inft., m. o. May 15, 1866. Faly, Patrick, tr. to 37 111 Inft., m. o. May 15, 1866. Handv, James, tr. to 37 111. Ini't., m. o. May 15, 1866. Kramer, Henry, tr. to 37 111. Inft., m. o. May 1.5, 1866. Linderman, Frederick, m. o. July 17, 1865. Rudolph, Jacob, tr. to 37 III. Inft., m. o. May, 15, 1866. Smith, George A. Waggner, Isidor, tr. to 37 111. Inft , m. o. May 15. 1866. Waggner, Damion, tr. to 37 111. Inft., m. o. May, 15, 1866. Muster Roll Compauy I. Captains. William .\chenl.ich, resigned M:irch 9, 1864. Samuel R. Howard, hon. disch. May 15, 1365. Second Lieutenant. Ilermap Kayser, ra. o. a.s serg't., July 29, '65. First Sergeant. Philip Mook. Sergeants. Daniel Merrill. Charles Goulding. Aquila Reeves. Corporal. James Peterson, reduced, died May 12, 1863. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 249 John Burns, mustcrwl out July 2", 1865. Nelson 1*. Lawson, di.s. Dec. 9, '02; disability. Privales. Astle, William, mustered out July 29, 1865. Astle, George, mu.steredout July 2U, 1S65. Becker, Jciliii. liarnelt, John, dis. Feb. 1803; aLsability. Cure, H. F., di.scli Oct. 3, 18(;3: disability. Cloud, William, mustered out July 29, 1865. Cloud, John, mustered out July 29, 1865. Carter, TJiomas. Cliallxcorab, Henry, raust'd out July 29, 18G5. Fratier, William, killed at Vicksburg, May 19, lS6:i. Frazier, .Jaiues, mustered out July 29, 1865. Ferguson, James, wounded in railroad acci- dent, Nov. 1, IS(>3; discliarfjed. Oreeling, .Jacob, mustered out July 29, 1865. (ilenn, Franklin S., must'U out July 2i), 1865. Ilofiinann, Charles. Ilir.-ley, Frederick. Harper, Hirarn, tr. to 37th 111. Inf't., deserted Jan. 1, 1866. Howard Samuel L., ab.sent, wounded at m. o o( regiment. Howard, J. B. S., dis. Mar. 12, '63 ; disability Henrisiin, John. Joachimi, Ma.t, musteretl out June 17, 186-5. Kerchenberger, Clauss, m. o. July 29, 1865. Lawson, Jacob, mustered out July 29, 1865. Linsig, George, mu-^ereil out July 29, 1865. Lane, Richard, died at I'aris, Kv., Nov. 1,'G2. Mendoza, Cidos, mustered out May 22, 1865. Melton, Kudolpli. 1st sergeant. Platz, August, tr. to V. K. C. March 15, 1861 Parks, John, mustered nut July 29, 1S65. Selzler, August, mustered out July 29, 1865. RccrvLiis. AVcihaupt, J., mustered out July 29, 1805. Johnson, James, tr. to 37 111. Inf't., dis. April 20, 1866. UnnMtgned Eecruils. Cornwell, Tliomas J. Cifford, John. Cornell. C. C. died April 8, 1804. Hassan. Robert J. Jones, G. J. Ryan, James, Schafer, Albert. AiiiK'ty-EightJi Iiifhiitrj- — Tlir«-«- Yoars'Ser- Muster Roll Company K. Unifsiyned li'cruhs. Cox, Nicholis. Ridgdy, William E. One Iliuidrrdlli Iliftilitry.— iTlirt* Years' Service.) The One Hundredth regiment was organized at Camp Irwin, Joliet, 111., ia August, 1862, by Col. Frederick A. Bartle.<64, marched to relief of Sturges, and on the 23il, be;ian the Tupelo campaign. On July 14th, was engaged at Tupelo, and at Old Town creek on the 15th. Commenced the Oxford campaign August 5th, and on the 18th and 19th, was engaged at Hurricane, returning to Memphis on the 30th. From Memphis the regiment went to Jefferson barracks, St. Louis, arriving September 19ih. was engaged October 1st, at Franklin ; moved via. Jeti^erson City, Sedalia, Lexington, In- dependence and Harrisonville, when it returned to St. Louis, November 19th. Moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and took position in the works December 1st, 1804; participated in the battle of Nash- ville, December 5th and 6th, and pur- sued Hood, reaching Clifton, January 4, 1865 ; went by boat from East Fort to New Orleans, arriving January 7th ; embarked at Chalmette, March 7th, for Dauphine Island ; thence to Fish river with the Sixteenth Corps, Major- General A. J. Smith commanding. Engaged at Spanish Fort from March 27th to April 2d, and at Blakely until the !Hh, taking part in his capture. April 13th, marched to Montgomery, and thence to Camp Butler, III., where the regiment was mustered out, August 5th, 1865, by Captain James Hall, U. S. A. The regiment in its three years' ser- 230 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. vice, was engaged in six battles and thirty-three skirmishes, marched 2,307 miles, traveled by water 6,191, and by , rail 778 miles. Roster. | j\Iajor9. I Tliom.Ts J. Ifewsham, resigned Apn 13, '64. | William P. Olden, m, o. Aug, 5, '65. j Chaplain. 1 Jolin D. Gillham, resigned May 16, '64. Muster Roll Company C. Privates. Carter, John H., disch. Nov. 26, '64 ; dig. Honpilev, James K., M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. Hendrickson, I'eter B., M. O. Aug. o, 1S66. Khoda, James F., M. O. Aug. 5, 1S65. K..th, John F. ^ ^^^. Savage, Daniel B., M, O Aug. 5, 1865ascorp. Wliiimore, Hiram, M. O. Aug. 6. 1S65. Muster Roll Company D. Captains. Abraham B, Keagle, M, O., as 1st lieut., Aug. 5, 1866. First I/ciitcnant. Benjamin F. Olden, M. O., as 2d lieut., Aug. 5, 1865. Second Lieutenant. Sidney Z. Robinson, M. O., as 1st sergt., Aug 5", 1865. Sergeants, Thomas R. Wilson, M. O. .\ug. 5. 1865. Alson F. Weaver, M. O. Aug.. 5, 1865, _ | Charlts P. Stephenson, M. O. Aug, 6. I860. Charles E. Newman, M. O. May 31, 1866. Corporals. | William A. Wyatt, sergt., died July 14, 1S65. ] Leroy P. Phillips. M. O. June 21, 1865 as pn. [ Gi orge Davis, M. O. Aug, 5, 1865 as private. I William A, Davis, M. O. Aug 5, 1S65 as prJ. William A, Smith, M, O. Aug. 6, 1865 as pn. Joseph Sheckler, M. O. Aug. 5. 1865. William McPherson, disoli. Mar. 19, '63; dis. Jacob Eldgely, private, died Mar. 28, 1864. Musicians. Charles S. Clark, M. O. Aug. 5, 1S65. William H. Wagoner, died June 28, 1865. Wagoner. Benjamin McNeil, M, O. Aug 5, 1865. Privates. Applebv, John B., M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. Axley, Isaac, M. O. Aug. 5, 186.5. Bartlett, Wm., died Oct, 17, 1863. Bowen, John. Bowles, James, M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. tasey, James, M. O. Aug, 5, 1S65. Calvin John, M. O, Aug. 5, 1865. Davis, Isaac, M. O. Aug, 6, 1865 as sergt. Duncan, William, M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. Duttey, James, M. O. Aug. 5, 1865, Fallon, John, M. O. Aug, 5, 1865. Fi^gv, Frederick. Filler, Louis, M. O. Aug. 5, 1865, Foreman, Alfred, M. 0. Aug, 5, 1865. Fiuit, Ilenrv C, M, O. Aug. 5, 1865. Fieldworlh, Frederick, M. O. Aug. 5, 1865. (irant, Samuel L., M. O. Aug 5, 1865. Hauskins, Jame,=, ab-cnt, sick at M. O. of regt. Hall, Warfield S., disch. Deo 2, 186.'i ; disab'y, Jesw'aller, Henrv, M. O, Aug. 6, 1865. Kase, Eherliard, M. O, Aug. 5, 186.5. Kimball, James, M. (). Aug. 5, 1865. Klinip, (jerm. M. O, Aug. 5, 1865. LowiU, Stephen, Corporal. Lamb, James P., M- O- Aug 5, 1865. Lamb, John E , M, O. Aug. 5, 1865. McNeil, Marshall, M. O, Aug, 5, 1865. Mclherson, John, died Feb. 8, 1863. McPlierson, George, - iGeeis, Jacob M., mustered out Aug. 5, Ibfw, I as corporal. r icr-- Gillham, John A., mustered out Aug. &, 18tJ0, 1 as sergeant. Geers, vamuel P., M. 0, Aug. 5, 6o. I Geers Wm. S , M. O. Aug 5, 65. 1 Gatis,' George W. C , disch'd March 18, 1863, ' disability. ^ ,„ ,,.. Goodvkoonti, Noival AV., disch. June 10, 6o, 1st sergeant ; disability. Goodvkoontz, John F., M. O. Aug, -5, '6o, Hiiglies. AVm. A,. M O. Aug. o, 6o. Head, Wm. H., M. O. Aug. 5, '6o. Heail Wm W., M. O. Aug. 5, '66, as corp I. llo. Aug. 5, IS60. Schramm, Augustus, M (). Aug. 5, 1865. Slve, George, died Ai.ril 30, 18G1. Schafiir. Washington, died at Memphis, June 9. 1863. ,. , .,. Tetrick, Charles, disch. Apr. 1, '63 ; disability. Taylor, Kichard, M. O. Aug. 5. '65, a.s corp'l. Thorp, Hale M.. M. U. Aug. 5, '65, as (-orp'l. i Tliorpe, Benard, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. Van Hooser, Henry, died at Memphis, May 15, 1SG3. Van Hooser, Wm., nnistered out .Aug. 5. I860. West, Joseph P., disch. April 24. '64 ; disab'ty. Williamson Charles C, M O. Aug. 5, 1865. Watt, Eli, died Jan. 8, 1S65 Wood. Francis E.. dis. Jan. 15, '63 ; disab'ty. Wilder. Henry, died Jan. 15, 1865 ; wounds. Wood, Joel , ,, Wright, James R., dis. Mar. 20, '63; disab ly. Ee'yi-uits. Morler. John G., mustered out Aug. 5, 1S65. West, James, mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. Woo.l, E.lwin. tr. to 33 111. Inf., must'd out Nov. 21, I860. Whiteside, Samuel P., dis. May 12, '65 ; wds. Zeigler, George N., mustered out Aug. 5, '65. Unassigned TJfc.-uite. Hay.s. William P, died at Camp Bull- r, Ills., ■ Mav 1, 1SG4. Ledaker, James A., subtr. to4.')th III. Inlantry. Williams, William C. Roster, One Huntlreil and Twenty second Infanti-)-— (Tliree Years' Service.) Muster Roll, Comimny D. r,ivnt'S. Brown, Charles, must'd out July 15, 1865. Howell, Williams., must'il out June 7, 1865. Hauls, George P., miistd out N'.iv. 24, 1865, Nelson, William, absent since Nov. 9, 1865. Nelson, Benj. F., must'd out 24, 1865. Privates. Ainsworth, Edgar F.. mus. out Aug. 12, 186-5. Armstrong, Thoma.s J., m. o. Aug. 12. 1865. Aldrich, Kildrey P., mus;eied out Aug. 12, 1865, as corporal. Aldrich, Homer L., died at Memphis, Feb. 27, 1863. Brvant, John F. Brandenburger, Mathias, drowned Aug. 14, 1864. Brown, William II., mu^stered out Aug. 5, '65. Brown. Simon, mu-.t»red out Aug. 5. ISGo. Beggs. Thomas, mu-t'il out Aug. 0, 1865^ Barnes. John, mustered out June 5, 1865. Calvin, Jame-. H., mnsiercd (mt Aug. 5, 1865. Criner, Michael, mustered out Aug. 5, 186-5. Chanee, Jonathan, nmsl'd out Aug. 5, 1865. Catobin.s, William. Dawson, Thomas \V., must'd out Aug. 5,1865, as corporal. Dee. Hiram, dis. Jan. 15, 1863 : disability. Diefenbangh, Adam, iinm'd out -Aug 5. 1865. Embrev. John, niu-tered out Aug. 5, 1865. Ellift". William W.. mustered om Aug. 5, '6-5. Fitzpatrick, John F . iniisieretl out .Aug 5. '65. Fuller, William K., M O. Aug. 5,^6.5. a-^^sergt. Francis, Joseph, must'd out -Aug. o, 1865. Griiver, Samuel, musi'il out Aug 5. 1865 Gruver, Richard, mu=i'd out Aug. 5, 1865. Slnster Roll, Company H. Private. Eaton, Willi.^ra P., M. O. Aug. 5. '65, as sergt. Muster Roll Company I. Privates. McGuire, Samuel G.. must'd out Aug. 5 '65. Phillips, James R., tr. to F., M. O. Aug. '6.5. Pomeroy, George S., tr. to D., M. O. Aug. o,'6o. Master RoU Company K. First Lieutenant. James D. Cobine, must'd out Aug. 5, 1S65. Musicia7i. Thomas Greer, mustered out Aug. 6, 1865. Privates- Greer, Oswell V., dis. Dec 23, '63 ; disability. Hiv E-igni>(l to duty, guarding prisoners of war. While in service the regiment performed its duty faithfully and effi- ciently. Madison county furnished coiu- jiany D entire, and a part of company H, as will be seen by the following roster : Roster. IJtidenant Colonel. John E. Moure, mustered out Sept. 2-1, 1864. Chaplain. "William R. .Vdains, iiuisl'd out Sept. 24, 1864. ?ion-Coinniissioued Staff. Principal Muxician. Tlioma.s R. JoneR, musi'd out Sept. 24, 1864. master Roll, Company D. Captain. John Carstens, nnistered out Sept. 24, 1864. Secuinl Lieutennni. John Packer, mustered out Se| t. 24, 1864. Firal Sergeant. Walton Riitledge, luust'd out Sept. 24, 1S64. Seryeanis. Albert Chamberlain, niusf d out Sept. 24, 1864. ILirk McLauclilin, must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Corporal!!. .James Miller, mustered out Sept. 24, 18G4. Charles Ilayden, mu-tered ocil Sept. 24, 1864. (reorfje Barkley, mustered om Sept. 'J I. isiij. Callaway C. Nasii, nuisi'd out S, |,t. ■_'!, -ISCA. Cvriis L. Cook, mustered out Sept. .1 1^114. Benjamin .\llen, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. James M. Stifler, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Privates^ ArrastronfT, John, mn-tered out Sept. 24, 1864. Armstrong. Harry, nuisi'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Beall, Edward, inustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Beach, Henry H., mustd out Sept 24, 1S64. Cowen. Juhn'R., musfd out Sept. 24. 1864. Clarkson. John J., musi'd out Sept 24. 1S64. Clement, Lucian E., musi'd out Sept 24, 1864. dayman, Wm. H., must'd out Sept. 21, 1864. Campbell, John', mustered out Sept. 24. 1864. Cain, James, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Crawson, Charles, must'd out Sept. 24. 1864. Crtiig, Robert, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Cressey. Frank B., nuist'il out Sept. 24, 1864. Cressey, Eilward K , must'd out Sept 24, '64. Curdie Robert, mustered out Sept. 24, 18t. "24, 1864. ,„„,,*(,„• ^orvioo Read, Daniel D., mustered out Sept. '24, 1864. 1 "»»"»'" "Crvite, trip continued about six weeks, when they returned to Camp Fry, and were dismissed, making in all about five ; Se| Uigby, Nicholas L., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Robertson, Thomas, must'd out Sept. 24, 18t>4. Stocker, Charles F , musi'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Smith, James, mustered out Sept. 24. 1864. Soule, Charles F., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. In this regiment Madison county was represented by one whole company (K), which was raised by Julius A. Barns- back, of Troy, who was elected Cajitain loan, Moses B., mustered o'Jt Sept. 24, 1864. i ^ , , ■ \ ^ u i i i - - Sept. 24 1864. 01 the company, which olDce ne nelu during its term of service. Slitter, Moses B., mustered out Smith, George A., must'd out Sept 24, 1864, Stoner, -Vndrew J., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Senior, John, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Senior, Henry G., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Solomon, John, mus.ered out Sept. 24, 1864. Sianton, Samuel, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Stobbs, Matthew, mustered out Sept. '24, ls64 Tail, Boberi, mustered out Sept. 24 lS(i4 Travis, James, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Tindale, Andrew J., musi'd out Sept. 24, 1864 Wehsier, Silas S muslered out Sept 24 1864. i ^ j j, g [nger Williams, Daniel D., mu.st'd out Sept. 24, 64 ^ * Winning, James D., must'd out Sept 24, '64. Wihltrman, James H., nuis. out Sept. 24. '64 Weir, Edward H., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. lOO One Hiuulred and F*ortletlL Infantry Days* Service. Bluster Roll, Company K, Captain.. Julius A. Barnsback must'd out Oct. 29, '64. Firgl Lieutcmmi. Mnster Roll Company G, Priratts. Clawson, Lewis J., must'd out Sept. 24, 1864. (jriftilh, James M., must'd out Sept 24, 1864. Maddo.t, Wilson, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Rird,.\rchibald, muslered out Sept. 24, 1864. Rush, Patrick H., must'd out Sept. 25, 1864, Bluster Roll Company H. Privates. Jones, Edward J , mustered out Sept. 24. 1864. First Sergeant. William Donaho, must'd out Oct. 29, 1864. Sergeants. George H. Knowles, musi'd out Oct. 29, 1S64. Joseph A. Dunnagan, mustd out Oct 29. '64. Fred. G. Turner, mustered out Oct. 29, '64. Kilburn M. Snodgrass, must d out Oci. 29, '64. Corpnralg. Charles E. Tindall, must'd out Oct 29, 1864. William T. Donaho, mustered oiu Oct. 29, '(i4. Julius A. Barnsback, Jr., mus. out(tel.29, 64. Thomas Wilkins, mustered out Oct. 29, '64. Samuel B. Wonderly, mustd out Oct. 29, '64. John C. Davis, mustered out Oct. 29, '64. Malcom, Samuel H, must'd out Sept? 24, '64; Jf P'' ^I'. Siewart, mustd out Oct. 29, 1864. Mullin, John, mustered out Sept. 24, lSt;4. ■■" Parks, William S., mu.st'd out Sept. 24, 1864. Robinson, David, mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. Wendt, John F., mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. 100 Days' Service, in-commlssioned Staff. Charles Kimbtrlin, musi'd out Oct. 29, '64 Musician. Edward Phillip?, mustered out Oct. 29, 64. Wagoner. One HuntU-etl and Tlilrty-Plftli Infantry. Thomas Langdon, mustered out Oct. 1864. Privates. Alderson, William, mustered out Oct. '64. Principal Mimcian. Barnes, Stephen G., mustered out Oct. '64. n • AT T 1 .J . Tv-„ lo 10C1 Berrv, Alpheiis P., mustered out Oct '64. Francis M. Johnson, must d out Nov. 12, 1864. J; -'f?, !,. „ ' . , ./>. loci Bonn. Philip C, mustered out Oct. 1864. One Hundred and FortletU Infantry.- Bridges, Adolphus J., muslered out Oct '64. 100 tlays Service. Brown, Alexander, mustered out Oct. 1864. Brewer, Thomas, died al Memphis. Sep. 16,'64. This regiment was organized at Lamp Cobb, Lviuan, mastered out Oct. 29, 1864. Butler, June 18th, 1846, and on the i Deck, John W., mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. , „ , ., n r~, ■ , Deck, Asbury M., muslered out Oct. 29, 1804. same day left by rail for Cairo, thence Drake, Abel'P., mu.stered out Oct. 29, 1864. by boat to Memphis. From Memphis Duesenbury, Lafayette, must'd out Oct. 29, '64. , , , ,,T 1^ . ,. ^ n Ensminger, John, mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. It marched to \> olf river, a distance of E-sterline. Wallace, mu.steicd out Oct..-29, 1864. thirty miles east, and the regiment was Essex, Elijah J., mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. n J ■ » ]■ • • 11 1 i. j-»' Essex, Truman B.. mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. formed into divi-ions, and placed at dif- j,,^^^,; j^^^^,,, m.,' mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. ferent points along the line of the rail- Flood, Charles H , mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. road, between here and Holly Springs. F'arner, Josephus, .nt.stered out Oct. 29, LSW. ' J 1 o !• lagg, James E., muslered out Oct. 29,1804. It remained here about three months, Gerdee, Gerd, mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. guarding the railroad, after which it Gray, Thoma.s J., mustered out Oct 29 1864 =■ '' , ,. , GiUeit, .■\lberl P., must. red out Oct 29, 1864. moved to Memphis, and did guard duty (iUnn, John M., mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. until ordered to Camp Fry, Chicago, for <'»■'■"«, George, mustered out Oct. 29, 1864. ,. , 1 ,^ 1 (iillespie, Jo.seph J., mustered out Oct. 29. 64. muster out, which occurred October {lasting, William G., mustd out Oct. 29, '64. 29th, 1864. After having given up Hami.ton, Thomas, must'd out Oct. 29, '64. , . , 1- -^ J 1 1 1- Hawlev, Francis L., musi'd out Oct. 29. '64. their arms, they were solicited by Adju- h„„,_ p^,,,;^, g^ „,^^^,J „„( q^j. .;9_ 1^64. tant General Fuller, to reorganize and Jones, Doctor S. , , 1 nr- • ■ -^ f Lane, Martin, V. B., must'd out Oct. 29, 1864. march thr.iugh Missouri, in pursuit of u-.vis, John S., must'd out Oct. 29, 1864. General Price, which they diJ. This Laturme, Joseph M., must'd out Oct. 29, '64. - HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 253 McMahan, Martin L., must'd out Oct. 29, '64. Maj-on, John W., must'd out Oct, 29, 1SG4. McLanahiin, George C, must'd out Oct. 29, '64. Kelson, William S.. must'd oiil Oct 29, '64 Putnam, William H.,nnist'd out Oct. 29. 64. Pulnam, George W., musi'd out Oct. 29, '64. Bosipal, Joseph, mnst'd out Oct. 29, '64. Reeve.«, Ltaion I)., must lered out Sep. 26, 64. Casper Yakel. Musi inn. James Gullavain, mustered out Oct. 6, 1864. Prirales. Barrett, Fleming, nni-tered nut Sept. 26, '64. Bradford, Wtn. B., musiered out Sept. 26, '64. Chambers, Frank, njusiered out Scpl. 26, '64, I)icker,-on, All'nd. mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Gurtland, Cha«. E., mustereil out Sept, 26, '64. (jvillo, Ludger, musiered out Sept. 26, '64. Guyott, Philo, mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Gould, HelloK O., mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Herrington, Thomas, mu.s. out Sept. 26, '64. Mathias, Israel, musiered out Sept. 26, '64. Morgan, Christopher R., M. O. Oct. 24, '64. Pedrick, Ellis, mustered out Sept. 26, 1864. Phipps, John II., died at Memphis, Aug. 4, '64. Pembroke, .\lton, must'd out Sept. 26, 1864. Pepper, George I)., mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Smith, Joseph A., musiered out Sept. 26, '64. Vauniard, Henry, mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Watson, David mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Young, Tliomas, mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Muster Roll Company K. Citplain. Absalom T. Ash, mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Second Lieutenant. David B. Wells, mustered out Sept. 26, '64. Priiateg. Brooks, John, musiered out Nov. 29, '64. Chandler, Marlin B., must, out Nov. 29, '64. Foster, Decatur, must d out Nov. 29, '64. Friend, William D., absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Gill, William W., must'd out Sept. 26, '(54. Gill, Charles H., mustered out Sept. 26. '64. Golliuer. Charles, inus'd out Sept. 26, '64. Hinds, James U., must'd out Sept. 26, '64. Hull, Theodore, mu.-td out Sept. 26, '64. Hopple, William A , must'd out Sept. 26, '64 Hovt, .Albert H., died at Helena, Arkansas, " Aug. SO, 1S64. Hunt, Samuel, unisi'd out Sept. 26, '64. Iloffer, Jiicob, musi'd out St-pt. 26, '64. Knesal, Louis, inu»t'd out Sept. 26, '64. Kippers, Fied., , "64. Robinson. Joseph W., must'tl out Sept. 26, '64. Staggs, William, must'd out Sept 26, '64. Stobbs, William, died at Helena, Ark., Awg. 15. 1864. Schlosser, Henry, must'd out Sept. 26, '64. Treble, Hiram, musi'd out Sept. 26, '64. One Hundred and Forty — Fourth Infantry. One Year Service. , Colonel. .John II. Kuhn, must'd out July 14, '6-3. Lieiitcnani Colonel. James N. Morgan, nuist'd out July 14, '65. Major. Emil Adam, mustered out July 14,1865. Quartrrmaster. Lee D. Covell, must'd out July 14, 1865. i Surgeon. Theodore J. Elulhart, mnst'd out July 14, '65. Chaplain. Irwin B. Randall, must'd out July 14, 1865. Tkon-CommlBsloned Statf. Quarterma.iter Seri/eant. Henry C. Lowe, must'd out July 14, 1865. Commissary Sergeant. William Campbell, must'd out July 14, 1865. Hogpital Steward. Seneca B. Congdon, musi'd out July 14, 1865. j Principal Mnsicianis. Charles P. Siocker, mustered out .July 14, '65 Joseph S. Elwell, musiered out July 14, '65. I Muster Roll Company A. ] Cap'ain. ' George W. Carr, mustered out July 14, 1865. First Lieutenant. William .\. Lowe. jpiv8( Sergeant. James M. Finley, mustered out July 14, 1865. Sergeants. David A. Brunton, mustered out .July 14, '64. Richard Barry, must'd out July 14. '64. Charles T. Clayton, musi'd out July 14, '65. Otis Shipard, must'd out July 14, 1865. James E. Waggoner, disch. Feb. 2, 1865. Corporals. Levi B. Gleason, disch. June 11, 186.5. George Johnson, mu»l'd out July 14, 1865. Samuel S- Lowe, must'd out .Tuly 14, 1865. Michael Page, must'd out July 14, 1865. Robert P. Stanley, musi'd outJuly 14, 1865. Harmon G. Tully, must'd out July 14, 1865. Priraled. .\rnold, Andrew J., musi'd out July 14, 1865. Ballard, Ralph, must'd imt July 14, 186-5. Breath, John E., musi'd out July 14, 1865. Barber, Harrv, must'd out July 14, 1865. Brown William H. Bunlen, Charles B., musi'd out .Inly 14, '65. Baldwin. Samuel C , nuistd out July 14, '65. Benbow, Wiu. M., nnist (1 out July 14, '6-i. Cooper, Charles H., nuKst'd out July 14, '6.5. Campitt, Jame.s, disch. Jan. 28, 1864. Carney, Thomas A., nuis. out July 14, '65. l>i( kens, Shedraek, must'd out July 14, '65. Digman, William J. nuist'd out Julv 1 1, '65 De Fry, Daniel T., must'd out Julv 14, '65. Donavau, Alexander, M. O.July 14, 1865. Friend, Christo|)her, M. O. July 14, 1865. Friend, George W., mus. out July 14, 1865. Fergu.son, George, musi'd out May 25, 1865. Ferguson, William D., mu.sl'd out July 14, '65. Frank. John. Greenawalt, James R , died at Alton, 111., Jan IS, 1865. Haw.xhust, James W , M. O. July 14, 186.5. Hurlbut, John, disch. Jan. 29, l(-'65. John.son, Allen H, died at Upper Alton, 111., Nov. 1, 1864. .lohn.son, Henry, mustered out Jnlv 14, 1865. KcnSieel. William M , must'd out July 14. l.>565. Stewart, Eben L. C., musi'd out July 14, 18C5. ] Smith, Charles H., niust'il out July" 14, 1865. Staggs, Alexander, musi'd out July 14, 1865. Sanner, David G , must'd out July 14, 1865 Thompson, James L.. mus. out July 14, 1865. Will, John, musiered out July 14, 186.5. Willimson, William, mus. out July 14, 1865. West, Josei h P., muste'-ed out Jnlv 14, 1865. Wischi, \Villiain C, must'd oui Ju'ly 14. 1865. Waggoner, Wisley F., mustered out July 14, 1865; as Corporal. Yarbongh, Edward, must'd out .July 14, 1864. 254 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Recruits. Atkina, John, tnnstertd out July 14, ISGo. Copley. George W., iiiiis. out July 14. l.sG-5. Ellis, Orville, iiuisterwl out July 14, 18Go. Heilz, John, mustered out July 14, 1SG5. Heiiz, Frederick D., niust'd out July 14, 1865. Moore, Silas, mustered out July 14, 18G5. Morgan, Henry C, niust'd out July 14, LS65. Morgan, Christopher K., mus. out July 14, '05. Muster RoU Company B. Captains. Charles J. Murpliy, resigned Dec. 20, 1S64. P. Joseph Milling, must'd out July 14, 18G5. First Lieutenant. Walter H. Coggeshall, hon. disc. July 14, 1865. Second Lieutenant. Charles H. Tomlinson, mus. out July 14, 1865. Sergeants. John N. Caldwell, mu.st'd out July 14, 1865. Jame.s W. Hobson, must d out July 14, 1865. Corporals. Thomas L. Clianiberlain, mus. out .July 14, '65. Harmon Dixon, mustered out July 14, 1865. David Jones, mustered out July 14, 1S65. George .\. Hickcock, mus. out July 14, 1S65. Gecrge H. Hollowell, mus. out July 14, 1865, Privates. Bales, Amos A., died at Alton, Apr. 30, 1865. Corcoran. Barney, niust'd out May 18, 1865. Claffy, Francis, mustered out July 14, 1865. Djian, Nicholas, mustered out July 14, 1865. Dunn, Dennis, mustered out July i4, 1865. Donalioe, Michael, mus. out July 14, 1865. Farrall, James, mustered out July 14, 1865. Gibson, George, mustered out July 14, 1865. Ganghian. Patrick, must'd out Julv 14, 186-5. Higgins, Tully, mustered out July 14, 1865. Heunessy, Thomas, must'd out July 14, 1865. Johnson, John, mustered out July 14, 1865. King, John H., mustered out .July 14, 1865. King, John F., mustered out July 14, 1865. King, William, dlsch. Jan. 29, 1865; disab"ty. Kite, Daniel, disch. Feb. 12, 1865; disability. Kiserfiink, Lewis, mustered out July 14, 1865. Laire, Henry, mustered out July 14, 1865. Lyons, Dennis, mustered out July 14, 1865. Mathews, Alexander J., nins. out July 14. "65. Manchester, James E., died at Alton, 111., Jan. 8, 1865. Manchester, James, must'd out July 14. 1865. Murphy, John, mustered out July 14, 1865, McCarty, John, mustered out July 14, 1865. Minard, Louis, diseh Feb. 3, 1865; disability. Eowden, John "W., died at Alton, 111., July 6 1865. Reigart, Christian B., mus. out July 14, 1865. Smith, William, mustered out July 14, I860. Sanderson, John P., niust'd out July 14, 1865. Turner, Ezekiel. Turney, Palrick, must'd out July 14, 1865. Welch, William, niusl'd out July 14, 1865. Wheeler, William R., mus. out .July 14, 1865. Williams, Janies L., mus out July 14, 1865. Wren, William, mustered out July 14, 1865. liecrnits. Carroll, Auguster, mustered out July 14, 1865. Gorman, Daniel, mu-^. out July 14,'65; asCor'l. Hall'ord, James, mustered out July 14, 1865. Martin, George, mustered . Julv 14, '65. Kich, Francis, M. O. July 14, '65. DIngter Koll Conipanjr E, Caplain. John Ray, M, O. July 14, '65. Sergeant. Philip Lang, M. O. July 14, '65. Corporals. George RLihr. M. O- Jiilv 14, '05. Henry Dewerff, M. O. July 14, '65. Privates. A=pennorf, Henry. Blanchard, Clarence V., M. O. July 14, '65. Bozel, William M., M. O. .July 14 '65, Brown, William, M. O. July 14, '65. Becker, John, M O. July 14, '65. Browning, San:crd, M. O. July 14, '65. Babel, Joseph, M. O. July 14, '65. Cobeland, David E., died at Bethalto, 111., Jan. 15, '65. Dick, Jacob, M. O. July 14, '65. Eberle, John, mustered oui July 14, '65. Farners. Charles H., mustered out July 14, '05. Fahrig, Jacob mustered out July 14, '65 Frank, Nicholas, mustered oui July 14, 't'o. HoH'man, Stephen, muslered out Julv 14, '05. Hall, John, mustered out Julv 14, '65- Ht-ison, John, mnsiereil out July 14. 'Co. Huslord, William, tr. to Co. G ; mustered out July 14. '05. Kaiser, Thole B , mustered out July 14, '65. Kaiser. Harbert B., mustered out .Julv 14, '65. Koch, John, mustered out July 14, '65. Mathins, Julius, tr. to Co. G ; disch. Feb. 13, '65; disability. Munson, William. Mahoney, William. Michnewelsch, .\lbert, mustered out .July 14, 1865. Nauman, Bernard, mustered out July 14, '65. PoUanl. Charles A., mustered out July 14, 1865. _ 1 Proctor, Benjamin, mustered out July 14, '05. ; Rhodraeyer, John R , mu-^tered out July 14, '65. Bidder, Henry, mustered out July 14, '05. Reese, or Dericse, Jellsche, mustered out July 14, '65. Re.nl, Lewis, mustered out July 14, '65. Roesler, Ferdinand, mustered out July 14, '65. Sherfield, Isaac, mustered out July 1-), '6.5. Stearic, Charles, mustered out July 14, '65. Schmidt, Charles, mustered out July 14, '65. Thomas, Chalks, mustered out July 14, '65. Tarnow, Henry, mustered out .July 14, '05. Vogel, Peter, mustered out July 14, '65. Vohle, William, died at St. Louis, Mar. 24, 1865. Waterman, Ernst, musl'd out July 14, '65 as musician. Willhening, Henry, must'd out July 14, '65. liecrui's- Bicklev, Charles, tr. to Co. G ; mustered out July 14, '65. Curtis, George, musl'd out July 14, '65. Cox, Wesluy S., must'd out July 14, '65. Fellhaur, John, musl'd out July 11, '65. Gramlich, Joseph, musi'il out July 14, '65. Hurlman, John J., must'd out June 23, '05. Hick, Michael, tr. to Co. D; must'd out July 14, '65. Hahn, Edward, musician. Krebs, Cuur.id. Lacherayer, Reinhardt, musl'd out July 14, '65. Moser, John J., must'd out July 14, '65. Moser. Casper, mus'.'d oui July 14, '65. Meyer, Nicholas, mu-i'd out July 64, '65. Rugger, Samuel, must'd out July 04, '65. Stutter, David, musi'd out July 64, '65. Tscharner, Frederick, rau^t d out July 14,'65. Muster Roll, Companj- F. Caplnin. Robert G. Smith. M. O. July 14, 1805. 1 First Lieutenant. , Charles H. Thomas, M. O. July 14, 1865. Corporals. Charles B. Howard, M. O. July 14. 1865. Thomas L. Radclifi; M. O. Jnlv 14, '65. John O Prentice, M. O. July 14, 65. 3Iu.'ician. Gustave Ortmann, M. O. July 14, 1865. Privates. j Atkins, John, tr. to Comp'v A, mustered out ; Jnlv 14, 1865. Brunton, David .\., tr. to Co. A, mustered out July 14, 180.5. Guldap, John, M. O.July 14, 186.5. Hillers, Julius, nius. out July 14, 1865. Junett, Oliver, mus. out Julv 14. 180.5. Rogg, Diedrick, mus. out July 14, 1865. Sherwood, Eastman B., n>iis. out July 14, '65. Warnridg. Henrv, mus. out Julv 14, '65. I Wadluw, Elijah F., mus. out July 14, '65. Becrults. Carn. Patritk. mus out July 14, lS6o. Williamson, I'errv, mus. out July 14, '65. ■ Miuter Roll, Company G. r Captains. Orliindo W. Frazier, res'd Feb. 20, 1865. James T. Cooper, mus out July 14, '65. First Lieutenant. .John W, Swift, pro. Capt. loOlh 111. inf. D.ivid Kerley, mus. out July 14, 1865. , First Sergeant, James P. Frazier, mus. out July 14, 1865. Sergeant. Simon Hiley, mus. out July 14, 1865. Corporals. George A. Ferguson, M. O. Julv 14, '65. Jacob Howry, M. O. July 14, 65. Franklin Stockton, M. O. July 14, '65. Thomas Baxter, M. O. July 14, '65. Privates. Andrews, John, absent, never must'd in. Ballaril, James, mu.st'd out Jiiiy 14, '65. Brain Richard, dishonorably disch'd Sept. 4, 186.5. Chandler, William, must'd out July 14, '65. Dickenson. Ralph A, disch'd I'eby 4, 1865, disability. Diller, Henry, must'd out July 14, 1865. Eaton, Henry, must d out July 14, '65. Flippe. George, must'd out .July 14, '65. Frederick;*, Ridiard, musl'd out July 14, '6.5. Gilvery, or McGilvery, W. died at Alton, HI., Dec. 30, 1864. Gusewell, Frcil'k, must'd out Jnly 14, 1865. Harrison, Thos., must'd out July 14, 1866. Heriin, John, must'd out July 14, 186-5. Johnson, Joshua J., must'd out July 14, 1865. Keys, Francis, mu.st'd out J'ly 14, i8()5. Lofton, George W., must'd out J'ly 14, 1865. Legate, Wm. F., musl'd out, July 14, 1805. Myers, Sam'l J., must'd out July 14, 1805. McLarn, or McCairn, H. W., died at Alton, HI., April 20, '65. Meier, Frank, must'd out July 14, 1865. O'dell, Philip, must'd out July 14, 'lio. Ralekin, Martin, died at Allon^ III., Feb. 3, '65. Rule, Henry, mustered out July 14, 1805. Shuster, Otto, niusteied out July 14, 1805. SchalliT, William A., died at Edwardsville, III., Jan. 1.5, 180.5. Severns, Highland, M. O. J'lv 14, 1865. Webb, William, M. O. J'lv 14, 1865. AVeidner, Bernhardt, M. O". J'ly 14, 1865. Eecruits. Andrew, .John, died at Alton, 111., June 11, 1805, corporal. Brickley, Charles. Breath, James, disch'd Mar. 1, '05; disability. Hosford, William, M. O. J'ly 14, 1865. Mathias, Julius, disch. Feb. 13, '65, disability. Reader, Frank, M. O., J'ly 14, 1805. Younghaus, Henry, M. O. J'ly 14, 1865. Muster Roll, Compauy H. [Corporal. Tanner, William A., must'd out July 14, '05. Privates. Ackerman, Casper, must'd out July 14, 1S65. Angel. J. Bird, discharged, disability. Bulkier, John, mnst'. Julv 14, 1865, Morgan, Birnev, M. O. July 14, 1865. Nash, Henrv, M.O Julv 14, 1865. Bees, Edwaril, M. O. July 14, 1865. Reidv, Daniel S., M. O., July 14, 1865. Smith, John, M. O. July 14, 1865. Smiih, Theopolis, M. (). July 14, 1865. St.tpleton, Elisha, M. O. Julv 14, 1865. Senior, H. G., i\I. O. Julv 14, 186-5. Senior, John, M. O. July 14, 1865. Smith, James, M. O. July 14, 1865. Tomlinson, Samuel, M. 6. July 14. 1865. Wendt, John F., M. O Julv 14, 1865. Waggener, Wm. W., M.O. July 14, 1865. Young, Robert S., M. O. July 14, 1865. .Recruits. Collson, Moses, M. O. Julv 14, 1805. Calher, James G., M O. July 14, 1865. Fiizgil.bons, James, M. O. July 14, 186-5. Jacobs, Jo.sepl., M. O. July 14, 1865. Killinger, Christopher, M. O. Julv 14, 1805. Travis, James, M. O. July 14, 1865. Muster Roll, Company K. Captain. Anthony Neu.stadt, mustered out July 14, '65. Sergeants. Lonis Holly, mustered out July 14, 186-5. Jame.1 A. Rullierford, M. O. July 14, 1865. Corporals. Thomas M. Campbell, M. O. July 14, 1865. Frank M. Brown, M. O. July 14, 1805. Henry Kingsbury, died at CoUinsville, Ills , . Jan. 9, 1865. Henry Weremeyer, must'd out July 14, 1805. Privates. Apfell, AVm., M. O. July 14, 1865. Bell, James. Bohr, Hart, M. O. Julv 14, 1865. Birge, Nathaniel, M. 6. July 14, 1865. Boh, Arasmus, M. O, July 14, 1865. Collins, William, must'd out July 14, '65. Carlton, Schuyler, must d out July 14, '65. Clark, William, must'd out July 14, '65. Compton, Fraiee W., died at Alton, 111. Jan. 9, 1865. Cameron. Charles, Dill, Michael, mustered out July 14, '65. Delaney, William, muslereil out July 14, '65. Eckhorn, Eged, mustered out July 14, '65. Fletcher, Charley E., must'd out July 14, '65. Greenawalt, Richard, must'd out July 14, '65. Gesaelle, Arnold. Hines, Geo. W., died in St. Louis, Mo., March 8, 1865. Harrington, Thomas, must'd out July 14, '65. Hartman, Merman, must't out July 14, '65, Haley William, died at St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 10, 18G5. Heepke, Henry, mustered out .July 14, '65. Houseman, Adolph, mu.st'd out July 14, '65. Houseman, Louis, naist'd out July 14, '65. Houseman. Rudolph, must'd out July 14, '65. Hoffman, Charles E., must'd out July 14, '65. Harnett, William, mustered out July 14, '05. Jone.s, David \V., mustered out July 14, '65. Knight, Noah, died at Alton, III., June 2, 65. Lampert, John R., mustered out July 14, '65. Morrison, Henry, mustertd out July 14, '65. McNeal, David, mustered out July 14, '65. Muth, Philip, disch. Jan. 28, '65; disability. Mason, Nelson, transferred to Co. F. Montgomery. John, mustered out July 14, '65. Pedrick, Ellis, mustered out July 14, '65. Shauer, Fred, mustered out July 14, '65. Schmidt, John, mustered out July 14, '65. Shaunts, Perry, drowned June 11, '65. Smith, John, mustered out July 14, '65. Squires, Joseph, discharged Feb. 26, '65. Sands, Alexander, mustered out July 14, '65. Schoppet, .John, mustered out .July 14, '65 Shortridge, Mill'ord M., must'd out July 14, '05. Stoner, Andrew J., must'd out July 14, '65. Springer, Enuinuel, must'd out July 14. '65. Sullivan, Daniil. Taylor, George W., transferred to Co. F. Taylor, Aaron M., mustered out July 14, '65. Viilemore, Joseph A., niustd out July 14, '65. Warner, Philip, mustered out July 14, '65. Weathers, Adt'd out Jan. 27, '66. Snilberger, Christian, must'd out Jan. 27, '66. Schild, Charles, mustered out Jan. 27, '00. Ulric, Charles, mustered out Jan- 27, '06. Waters, David. Wander, .Anastas, mustered out .Jan. 27. '66. Wiltherber, Emil, musteie5, as private. Corporals. John S. Fitchenal, must'd out Jan. 10, 1860, as sergeant. William A. Lewis, dis. Oct. 8, '65, as private. William N. McDowell miis. out Jan. 10, '65. AbestShnlts, must'd out Jan. 16, '65. John L. Pryor, musl'd out Jan. 16, '65. Privates- i Alsop, Wiliiam, must'd out Jan. 16, '06. Bahr, Montro.'-e, died at Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 2", 1865. Black, Isaac, musl'd out Jan. 16, "65. Bentley, John L., must'd out Jan. 16, '(!(>. Burns, Paul, in penitentiary for two years, at Milledgeville, Ga.. sentence G. C. M. Bewley, Axra B., must'd out Jan. 16, 'GO. Crura, John, must'd out Jan. 10, '60. DriscoU, Timothy, must'd out Jan. 16, '06. ] Eichalman, Frank, mus. out Jan. 16, 'GO. Eller, William, nuist'd out Jan. 16, '65. Flagg, James E., musl'd out Jan. 10, 'GO. [ Gaskill, Joshua O., must'd out Jan. 16, 60. Griffith, .Tames M., musl'd out .Jan 10, '06. Hawley, Francis S., nnist'd out .Ian. 10, OG. Hunt, Samuel, musl'd out .Ian. 16, '66. Hamilton, Byron, must'd out Jan. 16, Gfi. Howarth, Jolin H., must'd out Jan. 1(>, '06. Henager, James W., died at Bridgeport, Ala., March 27, 1865. Huffer, Jacob, must'd out Jan. 10. '66. Irwin, John, musl'd out Jan. 10. '66. Jackson, Charles, must'd out Sept. 15, '05 as sergeant. Jackson, Thomas K., raus. out .Ian. IG, '66. Kinkaid, William S., must'd out Jan. 16. '66. Mcintosh, George \V., M. O. Jan 10, '06. Miller, Wilson, musl'd out Jan. 16, '66. Mattox, John N., mu^t'd out Jan. 16, '06. Matlox, Elwin, must'd out Jan. 10, '66. Maddox, Wilson, must'd out Jan. 16, '06. Mooney, Benjamin F., M. O. Jan. 10, 66. Maddox, Asa, absent, sick at M. O. of reg't. Mire, Godfried, must'd out Sept. 25, 'Go. Pinney, Lucius M., absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. Rash, Patrick, must'd out .June 22, '65. Rossen, William F., must'd out Jan. 16, '66, as corporal. Spitce, Lewis, must'd out .Jan. 16, 66. Smith, Josepli A., must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Smith, .lobn J., musl'd out Jan. 10, '66. Scott, John. Sanders, Edward, must'd out Jan. 16. '66. Tick, Henrv, musl'd out Jan. 16, '66. 33' Treado, .lohn, must'd out ,Ian. 10, '60. Tnnget, Henry, must d out Jan. 10, '^00. Tunget, lobn, must'd out Jan. 16, '06. Watson, Warren, must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Walker, J;imes, musl'd out Jan. 16, '60. Willia-i.s, Frank M., mu>t'd out Jan. 10, 'GO. Wolf, John M., must'd out Jan. 10, '00. DIu8t«r Roll, Company H. Captains. H. D. Wilson, resigned Aug. 19, 1805. Charles H. West, musl'd out Jan. 10, '06. First Lieutenant. Joseph E. Springer, must'd out Jan. 16, 'OG. Second Lieutenant. John Gadiicy, nnist'd out Jan. IG, 'GO. First Sergeant. Stith O. Bonner, must'd out .Ian. 16, 'GC>. Sergeants. Geo. W. Clark, musl'd out Jan. 16, 'GG, as pvt. Edward Ilauskins. must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Frank A. Knowlton, must'd out Jan. 16, 'Oti. Joseph Schaer, m\is 'd out Jan. 10, GO. Corporals Robert Friday, on furlough at M. O. of reg't. John Lewis, inust'd out Jan. 16, '66, as pvt. John p. Bonn, must'd out Jan. 16, '06, as pvt. Slaton D. Rieves, must'd out Jan. 16, '66. John H. Brown. M. O. Jan. 10, 'OG, as pvt. William H. McXeeley, M. O. Jan. 16, '06. Jo.seph Berger, ab.seut on furlough since Dec. 10, ISlio. Musician. Benjamin D. Berry, must, out Jan. IG, 'GG. W'agouer. Thomas . I. Lewie, musl'd out Jan. 10, 'GO, as private. Privates. Axley, .Tames M., mustered out Jan. 16, '66. Agios, John, mustered out Jan. 16, '66. Abbott, John K., must'd out Jan. 10, '66. Albricht. Henry, mustered out Jan. 16, '60. Brown, William, Sr., must'd out Sept. 19, '05. Baker, Chris. F., must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Bartleti, Henry S., musl'd out Jan. 10, '66. Bartlett, George, must'd out Jan. 16, '06. Brown, William, Jr., dropped as a deserter. Burk, James, nmst'd out Jan. 16. '06. Blank, Henry, must'd out Jan. 10, 'OG. Brand, Thomas H., must'd out .Jan. 10, '06. Charlton, William, died at Springfield, Ills., Feb. 2.5, 1805. ChTusev, James, nnist'd out Jan. 10, '66. Clnrk, Jusi:di, musl'd , '60. Gillig, or Gilling, Valentine, M. O. Jan. 16,'G5. Garnett. George S., mustered out .Ian. 16, '06. Hahn, Andrew, mustered out Jan. 10, '66. Ilerryman, Joseph, M O. Jan. 10, '06, as rorp. Hall, Anderson, mustered out Jan. IG, '66. Hee-ner, Philip, mustered out Jan. 10, '66. Irwin, Joseph F., mustered out Jan. 16, '06. Jounfhous, John, mustered out .Ian 16, '66. Johnkoff, Schortech, M. O. Jan. 16, '60. Koller. Christopher, mustered out .Ian 10, 'GG Killike, Fritz, mustered out .Ian. 10, '06. Ivaalz, .\ugust, mu.stered out .Ian. 10, '60. Krehs, Henry, must'd out Jan. 16, 'GO. Lawrence, Nimrod, musl'd out Jan. 10, 'GO. Lambein, Ernst, must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Languish, Henrv. must'd out Jan. 10, '60. Loll, Louis, mus-t'd out Jan. IG, '06. Lawrence. -Martin, must'd out Jan. 16, '66. Lynch. Clay II., must'd out .Jan. 10, '66. Lining, John, mu.sl':er, Frederick, nuisl'd out Julv 22, 18P5. Marshiin, William, must'd out May 23, 1865. Pcriy, Ebenezer, must'd out 8ept. 11, 1865. Tonkinson, David T., must'd out Sept 11, '65, as sergeant. Muster Roll Company F. Private. Maples, James S., must'd out Sept. 11, 1865, as sergeaut. Muster Roll Company G. Privates. Bernlmrdt, Ernst S, must'd out Sept. 18, '65. Dodgson, Joseph W-, must'd out Sent. 1865. Pratt, Moses, must'd out Sept. 18, 1865. Reed, Joseph O., must'd out Sept. 18, 1865. Muster Roll Company K. Privates. Hamilton, Win., must'd out July 6, 1SC5. Lee, John, nuisi'd out Sept. 18, 1805. Tilman, Christian. Roster, One Hundred and Fifty-fiflll In- fantry .—One Year's Service. Muster Roll i ompauy A. Privates. Hundorfer, Anton, m\isi'd out Sept. 4, 1865. Rohrer, Rochus, must'd out Sept. 4, 18G5. Muster Roll Company I. Captain. David Glenn, must'd out Sept. 4, 1865. Wagoner. Decob Donovan. Privates. Ashlock, John N., niust'd out Dec. 30, 1805. Fletcher, Newton, must' out Sept. 30, 1865. Green, Warien, niust'd out Sept. 30, 1805. Lurman, Hazel, must'd out Sept. 30, 1865. Patitrson, Samuel T., must'd out Sept. 30, '65 Williams, Samuel, must'd out Sept. 30, 1865. Muster Roll Company K. Private. Regon, Daniel, must'd out Sept. 4, 1865. Roster, First Cavalry Regiment.— TUree Years' Service. Muster Roll Company I. Captain. Orlando Burrell, must'd out July 14, 1862. First- Lieutenant. Leonard S. Ross, must'd out July 14, 1862. Second Lieutenant. Frank Lindsey, must'd out July 14, 1862. First Sergeant. William H. Johnson, must'd out July 5, 1862, as private. Quartermaster Sergeant. Edwin B. Emerson, must'd out July 5, 1862, as private. Sergeants. James N. Jordan, must'd out July 5, 1862, as corporal. Vincent Anderson, must'd out July 5, 1862. Samuel Thompson, must'd out July 5. 1802. Burton F. Graham, must'd out July 5, 1862. Corporals. Conrad Miller, must'd out July 5, 162, as pri- vate. Samuel J. Fo.ster, mu.'t'd out July 5, 1805, as sergeant. Wm. S. Newman, must'd out July 5, 1862, as private. John Graham, must'd out July 5, 1862. John W. Howell, must'd out July 5, 1862. Frank Milchum, must'd out July 5, 1862. William H. Hatcher, niust'd out July 5, 1862. James T. Vaught, must'd out July 5," 1862. Musicians. Wm. W. Quinn, tr. to 48th 111. Inft., must'd out Aug. 15, 1865. William R. Cochran. Farrier. Asa Burrell, must'd out July 5, 1802. Privates. Austin, Hugh, must'd out July, 1862. Bunkley, Morris L. Blackman, Henry, must'd out July 5, 1S62. Co/.art, David, must'd out July 5, 1805, as teamster. Craw, .lohn IL, must'd out July 5, 1802, as sergeant. Clark, Leonard, must'd out July 5, 1802. Cherry. George, must'd out July 5, 1802. Cotton, Wm. A., nirs.'d out July 5, lbO'2. Craig, Geo. A., musi'd out July 5, 1862 Duckworth, Andersen C, must'd out July 5, '62. Evans, Thomas, must'd out July 5, 1862. Emerson, Clarence A., must'd out July 5, '62. Fisher, Wm. E., must'd out July 5, 1862. Felty, Albert L., must'd out July 2, 1S62. Gorbii, Joseph, must'd out July 5, 1862, as farri?r. Hart, Enos, must'd out July 5, 1862. Hargraves, Samuel, mu.«l'd out Julv 5, 1862. Hill, Benj. C, must'd out July 5, ]'S62. Jilcs, Frank, must'd out July 5, 1862. Jiles, John, must'd out July 5, 1862. Jamerson, Wm. C, must'd out July 5, 1862. Jamerson, Robert M., must'd out July 5, '62. Kriis, John, must'd out July 5, 1862. Kaufman, Philip, musi'd out July 5, 1862. Little, John M., must'd out July 5, 1802. Metcalf, Lee, niust'd out July 5, 1862, as first sergeant. Mayors, or Majors, William, discharged. Pomeroy, Robert, must'd out July 5, 1862. Pnckard, John, musi'd out July 5, 1862. Putnam, Malison, musi'd out July 5, 1862. Quails, James M., niust'd out July 5. 1862. Sharer, .Joseph, must'd out July 5, 1862. Soiithwick, John W., must'd out July 5, '62. Suuthwick, James P., must'd out July 5, 1862, as saddler. Smith, Wm. J., must'd out July 5, 1862. Storm, Nicholas L., must'd out July 5, 1862. Slinger, Oliver P., must'd out July'5, 1862. Swanwick, William, must'd out July 5, 1862, detached. Taliett, Calvin, must'd out July 5, 1862. Woods, Winfield S., must'd out July 5, 1862, as bugler. Wilson, Je.-ise B., tr. to 6th 111. Cav. Wilson, John T., ditd. Young, Heury. must'd out July 5, 1862. Zimmerman, Henry, must'd out July 5, '62. Pecruiis. Anderson, John S., niust'd out July 5, 1862. Austin, William, must'd out July 5, 1862. Burrell, Sidney, musi'd out July 5, 1862. Barton, Willis^ must'd out July'5, 1802. Buck, Marmaduke, must'd out July 5, 1862. Brocket!, James R., niust'd out July 5, 1862. Cochran, John S., must'd out July 5, 1862. Clark, John B., must'd out July 5, 1862. Cult, Thornton, niust'd out July 5, 1862. Duckworth, Benj. R., must'd out July 5. '62. Douns, Jonathan, must'd out July 5, 1862. Devlin, William, must'd out July 5,1862. Dorbin, Jonathan, died. Emerson, Wm. H., must'd out July 5, 1802. Goudy, Geo. G., musi'd out July 5, 1862. Graham, Ross, must'd out July 5, 1862. Hosick, William, must'd out July 5, 1862. Hardin, Witliara, must'd out July 5, 162. Hargiaves, Jefl'eison, must'd out July 5, 1862. detached. Jolly, John M., must'd out July 5, 1862. Lane, Richard, must'd out July, 5, 1862. Lamp, Asa, must'd out July 5, 1862. Loomis, Edwin R., must'd out July 5, 1862. Mi.xon, William A., must'd out July 5, 1865, as corporal. Movely, Robert H., must'd out July 5, 1862. Metcal'f, Daniel P., must'd out July" 5, 1862. .Newman, Thomas S., must'd out July 5, 1862. Pechard. Isaac, dead. Quartz, Andrew P., must'd out .July 5, 1862. Ross, John .J., musi'd out .luly 5, 1865. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 259 Tuthill, Luke S., musl'd out July 5, 1805. Trapp, John., miisi'il out July 5, ISH-i. T:ite, Geo. H., niusi'd out July 5, ISlJo. Willi-!, Jiimes IS., must'd out July 5, 1835. Woods. Jo!in, musi'dout July 5, 18(35. Willis, Rjbart C, disclmrged'. Second Cavnlrj- Regiment —TUree jrears' service. This regiment was raised from variou.s parts of the state and was mustered into the United States' service at Camp Butler, Aug. 12th, 1861, Col. Silas Noble commanding. As only company D of this regiment figures prominently in soldiers from Madison county, we shall confine tiiis brief history to the movements of this company. It was raised at Upper Alton by Capt. Franklin B. Jloore (afterwards promo- ted to Maj ) as an independent Cavalry company, and was named the " JIadison County Rangers." Its organization dates from the memorable national holi- day, July 4th, 1861. The first of August following the company was or- dered to Camp Butler where it was mustered into the United States' service as company D of the 2d regiment of the Illinois cavalry. In November the reg- iment was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, and company D was detailed by the officer commanding to report at Cape Girardeau, Mo. to look after guerrilla bands under Jeff. Thompson. It was here that they first saw service. They I ■were almost continually in the saddle scouting after the guerrillas, having hot skirmishes, and succeeded in taking: several of them prisoners- From this j time forth the history of the company ' was a .series of continued scouting and fighting until the expiration of the time of its enlistment. It had no particular abiding place, but operated from the northern borders of the Confederacy to the Gulf It stood pre-eminently first in its services for the Union cause, and in justice ."^houkl have appeared on the regi- mental roll as company A. None in the service experienced greater hardships, or made a better record than company D- Indeed, the county may be proud of the valorous deeds of the " Madison County Rangers," as the following record will demonstrate. This company alone, took over 1,200 prisoners, killed more than 100 of the enemy, and cap- tured about 1,000 mules and horses, be- sides taking an immense quantity of stores and munitions of war. They once swam New River, twice swam the Hat- chie, and once the Obin river, and had several experiences of equal peril in crossing other swollen streams. For the whole period of its service, the company furnished its own horses and equipments. The term of enlistment expired in July 1864, when it was re-organized and con- tinued in active service until the close of the war. It was mustered out the 22d of November, 1865. Captain Moore was promoted to the office of Major. May 3d, 1864. He now resides at Upper Alton, and takes pleasure in talking over the scenes of camp life. Major. Franklin B. Moore, mustered out Nov. 22, '05, (as consolidated.) JVou-CommUsioned Staff. Saddler Sergeant. Steward Smith, died April 10, 18G2. Muster Roll Compamy C. Recruils. Conley, Janirs, tr. to Co. B. (as consolidated} miisiered out Nov. 22, 1805. Lony, Denni;-!, tr. to Co. B. (-as consolidated) mustered out Nov. 22, 1805. Thompson, G. A., tr. toCo. B. (as consolidated) mastered out Nov. 22, 1865. Thompson, John E. Muster Roll Conipauy D. Fiisl Lieutenant. George Lebold, term expired Aug. 12, 1864. Second Lieutenants. Thomas Brown, resigned Oct. 1, 18G2. William Manger, terra e.Kpired. Q. M. Sergeant. Jacob Van Dyke Cregar, died at New Madrid, mustered out Oct. 25, 1862. James Dunlap. Sergeants. John T. Beard, discli. Aug. 11, '64; terra ex. Jonathan Akers, disch. Mar. 26, '02 ; disabil'y. Corporals. William P. Boqua, vel., must'd out June 24. 186-5, as Q. M. Sergeant. Henry Platl, disch. Aug. 11, 1864, as Private; term expired. John II. Lowe, mustered out; term expired. James P. Griffith, trans, to Gunboat Lexington, Dec. 10, 1861. William D. Lawrence, disch. Aug. 11, 1804, as private ; term expired. Andrew J. Dale, must'd out Feb. 13, 1805, to date Dec. 29, 1844 ; was mis-iing in action Feb. 23, 1804. Andrew Steele, vet., trans, to Co. C. (a.s con- solidated I ; mu.s. out Nov. 22, '6-5, as Cip'l. William R. Drig>;s, died at Sikeston ; must'd out April 4, 18(')2. liugkrs. .Idhn Rhodemvor, disch. .\ug. II, '64; term ex. William H. Stoekel, disch. Oct. 2, 1801. Fan-ier. .James Fortiner, vet,, tran^ to Co. C. (as con- solidaled), must'd out Nov. 22, 1805. Blaclcsmith. Nicholas Oast, disch. Aug. 11, '64 ; term ex. Saddler. Stewart Smith, died .it Carbondale, 111., March 10, 1862. Wagoner. Augustus L. Grimsley, vet, mustered out June 24, 180-5, as Sergeant. Privates. Alward, William A., vet., trans, to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22, '05, aa Corporal. Black, Chas., disch. Aug. 11, '05 ; term ex. Beere, Charles P., vet., trans, to Co. C. (as con- solidated), Serg't trans, to Co. F. ; must'd out Nov. 22, 1805, Co. Com. Serg't. Bovd, William, disch. Aug. 11"61, term ex. Bcnbow, Thomas J., died Oct. 0, '63, Union City, Tenn. Brennan, Michael, discli. Aug, II, '04; I'm ex. Bennick, George , vet.. Bugler, tran^^. to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22. '65. Baker, Richard P., disch. Aug. 11, '64; t ni ex. Cashill, John K., disch. Aug. 11, '04, as Cor- poral ; term expired. Carlelon,Thoni-js J., vet., trans, to Co. C, mus- tered out Nov. 22, 1865. Corgan, James M., de.-^erted July 28, 1802. Conimill, Christian, killed at Cold Water, Mi.ss. Dolbow, George W., vet., trans, to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22. Diller, Franklin X.,di'ich. Aug. 11, '04; t'm ex. Dale, Jud.son, disch.. Mar. 20, '02 ; disability. Dolehouse, George, disch. Aug. 11, '04 ; t'm ex. Donovan, John, vet., Corp'l, deserted May 10, 1864. Deadman, Adolph or Wm., disch. Aug. 1 1, '64, as Corporal ; term expired. Flannigan. Barney, vel., trans, to Co. C, (as consolidated) must'd out Sept. 4, 1865. Fag:in, Antonio, disch'd Aug. 11, '64 ; t'm ex. Griffith, Jolin B-, trans, to Gunboat Lexington Dec. 10, 1861 ; sentence G. C. M. Galhofer, Franklin J., disch. Aug. 11, '01; term expired. Glass, John, disch. Aug. 11, '04; term ex. Goodhall, Harvey L., mu.st'd out Aug. '64, as Serg't; term expired. Hughes, William E., vet., tr. to Co. C, (as con- solidated) must, out Nov. 22, 1805. Hulbere, Francis, disch. Aug. 11, '64; t'm ex. Hosp,Chailes, discli. Mnrcli 1.3, '64; blindness. Humraert. Frer'. A., disch. .-Vug. 11, '04; t'm ex. Jordan, Albert, killed at Cold Water, Mi.ss. Kurtz, Daniel M-, disch. .-Vug. 11, '64; I'm ex. Kellen, Clement.*, disch. Aug. 11, 64; term ex. Lane, Arthur LeGrand, vet., trans, to Co. E., Aug, 1, '04; disch. Nov. 24, '64, kenlence G. C. M. Larkin, Francis, vet., disch. .Tune 2, '05; ds'by. Lowe, George M., vet., trans, to Co. C. (as con- solidated), must'd out Nov. 22, '05, asS'gt. Lindzey, James D., honr'bly disch. Jan. 10,'03. McDavit, William, disch. Aug.ll,'e4 ; I'mex. McCauley, Eli A., vet. trans to Co. C. (as con- solidated), must'd out Nov. 22, '05. McKenzie, .James, vet., trans to Co. C. (as con- solidated), must'd out Nov. 22, '6-5. McICoen, FrancLs, disch. Aug. 11, '64, as Sad- dler; term expired. Merritt, D.iniel K., disch. Oct. 25, 1862. McCunlv, Alonzo, killed June 19, 1863, at Cold Water, Mi-s. Millard, Thomas W, disch. Aug. 11, 1864; term exiiired. Nott.Charles W-, disch. Aug. 11, '04 ; t'm ex. 260 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Noels, Wm., discli. April 10, 1S65; disability. Parsley, Joseph, died at Fort Pillow, Dec. 23, lS6'i. Keal, Lewis, disch. Aug. 8, 1862; disaWlity. Kyan, Jolin, vet., Serg't, tr. (o Co. C. (as con- solidated 1, iniist'd out Nov. 22, 186.5. Stiles, John, discli. for disability, Jan. 16, '63. Smith, James, disch. Aug. 11, '64 ; term ex. Signoir, Eli. Shay, Dennis, vet., trans, to Co. C. (as consoli- dated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865. Swatswelter, Abner, disch. Aug. 11, '64, as Corporal; term expired. Smith, Harman, vet., tr. to Co. C. fas consoli- dated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865. Stanley, Albert Edward, vet., tr. to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865, as Corporal Shaw, William Francis, disch. Aug. 11, '64; term expired. Scully, William, disch., Aug. 11, 1864, as Ser- geant: term expired. Tungate, Henry, disch. Feb. 14, 1862 ; disab'y. Thompson, John, died at Memphis, March 18, 1864. Vanmeeter, Ncalon, raus. out; term expired. Wood, Charles Young, vet., tr. to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865. Walsh, Patrick, discharged May 5, 1863. Walsh, Thomas, disch. Aug. 11,"'64 : terra ex. Weber, Peter, died at Cairo, 111, Mar. 9, '62. Hecruits. AUred, Thomas T., dishonorably discharged Aug. 20, 1861. Zapfel, Augusiine, served his time of 3 years. Blankenship, James P., trans, to Co. C. (as con- solidated), must'd out Aug. 26, ISb."!. Gray, Tliomas S., trans, to Co. C. ( as consoli- dated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865. Hopkins, Charles Johnson, William F., trans, to Co. C. (as con- solidated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865, as Q. M. Serg't. Lewis, James, trans, to Co. C. (as consolidated), must'd out Nov. 22, 1865. Ehodemeyer, Adam, trans, to Co. C. (as con- soliin. Baxter, Byron. Carr, Baloes L, mustered out Oct. ]0, 186.5. CuUen, Peter, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. Dawson, Michael. O'Neil, John, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. Muster Roll, Company £j. Recruits. Armstrong, Samuel J., mus. cut June 5, 1865. Mills, Ezekiel, mnstered out June 5, 1865. Robertson, Chas. W., under arrest at muster out of Regiment. Muster Roll, Company G. Pnrrier. Thomas B. Russell, must'd out Oct. 10, 1865. Privates. Darring, or Darling, Fred. Jenkius, William, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 261 Muster Roll, Compaujr H. Priiafes. Donihue, Patrick, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. Hdgg, Thomas, mualered out Oct. 10, 1865. Hathaway, Simeon, must'd out Oct. 10, 1865. Jones. James. Eyan, Timoihy, mustered out Oct. 10, 1S'>5. Mustrr Roll, Coinpauy I. I'limlts- Coffman, Joseph, mustered out Oct. 10, 1865. Johnson, Joseph. McNeill, disch. June 1, '6.5, asSerg't, disab'ty. Sloster Roll Company K. Primle. Quinn, James, muslcred out Oct. 10, 1865. Uuasslsnecl Recruits. Gracy, George B. Morrisey, Edmund. Young, James. Foortb Cousolirtntecl Cavalry Regiment.— Tliree Years' Serviee. Muster Roll, Company B. Jiccruit. Frederick, Antony, trans, to Co. I, 12th 111. Cavalry, mustered out July 8. 1865. Muster Roll, Company C llixruit . Merrill, Frank F., tr. to Co. K., 12th III. Cav'ly. Finii Cavalry Keslment.— TUree Years' Seiviee. Muster Roll, Company E. Pr.vale. Blaketon, Benjamin. Sixth Cavalry Regiment.— Tlirce Years' Srrvlee. Muster Roll, Company li. liccruits. Karnes, Harvey C, must'd out Nov. 5, 1865. Kktlton, John S., mustered out Nov. 5, 1865. ' Seventh Cavalry Regiment.— Tllree Years' Service. Muster Roll, Company Ij. RtcruiU. Ghtss, James S. Leddy, William, mustered out Nov. 4, 1865. Muster Roll, Company M. Rccruils. Bender, August, mustered out Nov. 4, 1865. Handler, Charles, must'd out Nov. 4, 1865. Haack, Christian, mustered out Nov. 4, 1865. btauh, George, nuistered out Nov. 4, 1865. Vnasslgueil Recmit. Boyd, John J. Tenth Cavalry Regiment.— Three years' Service. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, Illinois, 2.5th of Nov. 1861. James A. Barrett was its first Colonel, who resigned May 15, 186i, and was succeeded by Colonel Dudley Wicker- sham, of Springfield, Illinois. On the 20th of Dec, 18G1, it moved to Quincy, Illinois, and from thence to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., on the 13th of March, 1802. It operated in southwest Mis- souri, till 13th Nov., when it formed a| part of the Army of the Frontier, and was in line of duty from Springfield, Mo., to Cane Hill, Arkansas. It par- ticipated in the battle of Prairie Grove, ! Ark., Dec. 7th, 1862. Was at Jackson- port, Ark., July 4, 1862 ; Helena, July I 12th, and Aug. 7 moved to Old Town, , Landing. Oct. 6, 1862, returned to He- leua, and Nov. 16th marched with the expedition to the mouth of White river ; and on the 27th of Nov. to Oakland, j Miss. Had a skirmish with the enemy | I and returned to Helena, Dec 7th, 1862. I The original service term of the Tenth I and Fifteenth Regiments Illinois Caval j ry Volunteers having expired, an order j of consolidation was issued January 26, 1865, for the re-enlisted men and re- ' cruits of the same, to be formed into welve corapan ies and reorganized as the Tenth Regiment, Illinois Cavalry. j The regiment was mustered out of ser- vice, Nov. 22d, 1865, at San Antonia, I Texas, and ordered to Springfield, 111., for final payment and discharge. The following soldiers in it are from Madison county in different companies : '^Roster.— Non-commissioned Staff. Chief Bugler. j Henry Lansing. Sergiant. Samuel Byrd, pronioteil. Corporals. Samuel Wickofi'. Horace Rnndell, vet., tr. to Co. E., reorganized, absent on cimfineraent for desertion at M. O. of regiment. Binilcr.: Joseph L. Elwell, tr. to regimental band, disc. Dec. 30, 1864, as Saddler .Sergeant. Priv:itcs. Bostvvick, John H., disch. Dec. 1. '63. Gillespie, John K., disc y 14, '62. Gannon, John. 1 Hays, George W. Jones, Lair D., vet., must'd out Nov. 22, '65. Langston, James, vet., absent, sick at rausler out of regiment. Myers, Edward, dislionora'y dis. April 15, '62. Rogers, Josiah, must d out Dec. 30, '64. Riindele, Horace M., vet. Shive, Martin, must'd out Dec. 30, '64. Seebaker, Anion, died at Mar»htield, Mo., iSept. 11, 1862. Whitaker, George, deserted May 6, 1862. Recruits. Brown, John P., tr. to Co. E. as reorganized, I M. O. Nov. 22, '65. . Casselman, Daniel, tr. to Co. E. as reorganized, ; M. O, Nov. 22, '06. Greenwood, Peter S., tr. to Co E. as reorga- nized, M. O. Nov. 22, '65, as Bugler. Morrison John, tr. to Co. E. as reorganized, M.O. Nov, 22. '6-5. McGraw, Thomas, died at Little Rock, Ark., Mav 20, '65. Wade, 'Thomas, tr. to Co. E as reorganized. Master Roll, Company F. G.plnin.. Isaac H. Ferguson, resigned June 23, '65. William A. Chapin, Pro. Major, Tenth Cav- alry, as reorganized ; resig'd Apr. 21, '65. First Lieutenant. Felix Droll, lion, disch. Dec 20, '64. Muster Roll, Company A. Rccruitf. Brown, John W., tr. to Co. A. (as reorganized,) deserted July S, '65. Crummer, John,'lr. to Co. A. (as reorganized) M. O. June 13, '65. Muster Roll, < ompany B. Vdcran. Bate-s, DeWitt, disch. Aug. 19, 1864. Mnster Roll, Company C. Recruit. Caswell, Harvey W„ Ir. to Co. A., as reorga- nized, died at Mound City, 111., May 3, 1866. Muster Roll, Company E. Cnptain. Henry Reily. First Lieutenants. Columbus Cross, resigned .\pril 4, 1862. William H. East, resigned July 7, 1862. Second Lieutenant. John Mabee. Q M. Sergeant. Charles R. Williams. Second Lieutenant. William Scliwerdtfeger, hon. dis. Dec 20, '64. Q. M. Serrjeanl. William Jageman, M. O. Dec. 30, '64, .is pvt. Sr.rgeants. Theadore Holtkemper, vet., Co. F. as reorga- nized, disch. July .5, '65 ; disability. Frederick Parker, must' (J out Dec. 30, '64. Casper Britt, vet., pro. 1st scrg't., then Lieut. Co. F. 'Tenth, as reorganized, must'd out Nov. 22, '65. George Fry, must'd out Dec. 30, 1864. Corporals. August Mumme, M. O. Dec. 30, '64 ; as pvt. William Peastack, vet., m. o. Oct. 9, 1865, as sergeant. Oliver Reed, mnst'd out Dec. 30, '64. John Pulliam,m. o. Dec. 30, '6.5, a.s private. George Brewer, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, M. O. Nov. 22, '65. Mathias Poschen, died at Camp Butler, Ills., Dec. 31, '61. . , John Bender, vet., tr. to Co. F., .is reorganized, M. O. Nov. 22, 65, as sergeant. Wilfred Calvert. Buglers. Henry Lansing, Pro. Chief Bugler- William Ziircuhlen, dis. June 10, ' 62; disaby. BlacJcsniith. Drew Walker, M. O. Dec. 30, '6.5, as private. 262 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Saddler. Benjamin F. Elliott, musl'd out Dec. 30, '64. Wagoner. Washington Miller, tr. to V. B. C. Aug. 1", '63. Alexander, John, must'd out Dec. 30, '6-1. Bjlton, Willi.ini, died at Camp Butler, Ills., Dec. 26. '61. Bowlanger, John, veteran. Busch, Julius, mus'd out Dec. 30, '64. Brooks, George, disch. June 10, '62; disab ty. Carlton, Benjamin F. Dill, .John, mu.st'd out Jan. 5, '6-5. Dividson. Daniel, .Us. Oct. 10, '62 ; disab'ty. Freece, Henrv, dis. Oct. 10, '62; disability. _ Federer, Ch.irles, vet., mus. out Nov. 22, '6q. (iiger, John S., died at Mound City, 111., May 30, 186-3. Gericke, Henrv, must'd out Dec. 30, '64, Guntdl, B irtholomaus, vet., dis. May 13, '63 ; disability. Hofeditz, Lewis, Vft., absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Hover, Charles, disch. June 10, '62. Hoitenriet, Philip, vet., absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. Henmann, Frederick, tr. to V. R. C Sep. 1, 63. Heiz, Hfnrv, must'd out Dec 30, '64. Iletiger, John, vet., must'd out Nov. 22, '6-5. Jagemann, Edward, pro. Serg't., then 21 LieiU. Jageraann. Frank, vet., mus. out Nov. 22, '6-5, as sergeant. 1 Keck. Muhias, died at Camp Butler, Ills., Dec. 27, '61. Ketchum. Levi, must'd out Dec. 30, 64. Keller. John, uuisi'd out Dec. 30, '64. Koeliker, Beatus musi'd out Dec 30. '64. ■Miller, August, must'd out Dec 30, '64. Mever. John, died at Brownsville, Arkansas, September 6, '63- l^tever, William, must'd out Dec. 30, '64. Mover Herman, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- ' nizeil, M. O. Nov. 22, '65. Miller Jonathan, died at Camp Butler, J.in. 14. 1862. . , More, John, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorganized. Newberrv, Henry, musl'd out Dec. 30, '64. O'Neil, Thomas, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, must'd out Nov. 22, '65. Piasiark, Lewis, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, musl'd out Nov. 22, 'So. Pfister, Casper, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorganized, must'd out Nov. 22, '0-5. Ree.), William, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, must'd out Nov. 22, '05, as serg't. Rast, John, disc. Dec. 23, '62; disability. Kiltman, Joseph, musl'd out Dec. 30, '64. Randle, William, dis. Oct. 10, '62 ; disability. Schneider, William, musl'd out Dec. 30, '64. Schwab. Martin, dis. .\ug. 22, '62 ; disability. .Schneidler. A.nton, musl'd out Dec. 30, 64. Simersou. James, died at Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 20. '63. Steg. Frederick, must'd out Dec. 30, 64. Schlegel, Oswaldt, musl'd out Dec. 30, '64, as blacksmith. Schreiber, John, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, dis. Mav 13, '65 ; disahilitv. Wriston, Joseph, vet, tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, musl'd out Nov. 22, '65, as serg't. Webrle, Xavier, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, M. O. Nov. 22, '65, as Quartermas- ter Sergeant. Wriston Alfred, dis. Apr. U. '63 ; disability. Weiss, Frederick, died in action at Searcy, Ark.. July 14, '61. Wentz. Louis," vet, died in action at Searcy, Ark., M. O. Nov. 22, '65. Recruits. Berwald, Fredeii:-k, tr. to Co. F. as reorga- nized, M. O. June 13, '6-5. Bladt, Lewis, vet., tr. to Co. F. as reorganized, M. O. June 13, '05, as Bugler. Cooper, Silas G., tr. to Co. F. as reorganized, M. O. Nov. 22, '65. Cillis, William, tr. to Co. F, as reorganized, M. O. Dec. 9, '65. [ Doerr, George, died at Brownsville, Ark., Nov. 2. 1864. . , Dirrer, Bernard, tr. to Co. F. as reorganized. Pro. Serg't Major, M. O. Nov. 22, '65. Davidson, Daniel, tr. to Co. F. as reorganized, M. O. Nov. 22, 65. E'ans, James H. . , ,, Elliott, Henrv C', tr. to Co. F. as organized, M - O. Nov 22, '65. . I Friedger, JohnC, tr. to Co. F. as organized. M. O. Mav 22, 1S65. Kircher, Frederick, tr. to Co. F. as organized, M. O. Mav 22, '65. Kes.^el, William, tr. to Co. F. as organized. , Kilpatrick, Joseph, tr. to Co. F.as organized. ] Lebman, Martin, died at Brownsville, Ark., Nov. 2, '64. . Lutziver, Joseph, tr. to Co. F. as reorganized. ] Redman, Adam, tr. to Co. F. as reorganized. Stevens, Abial, Serg't., disch. to date March 25, '63, to accept promotion in 14tU Ar- kansas Infantry. Schwager Henry, tr. to Co. F, as re-organized, ni. o. Nov. 22, '05. Scheyer, Michl., tr. to Co. F, as re-org'd, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Schneider, Conrad, tr. to Co. F, as re-organized, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Steineger, Jacob, tr. to Co. F, as re-organized, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Spie.ss, Meinreth, tr. to Co. F, as reorganized, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Stokes, Edward, tr. to_ Co. F, as re-orgauized, m. o. Nov. 22, '65. Schewler, Joseph, tr. to Co. F, as re-organizcd, m. 0. Nov. 22, '65. Taylor, Jackson, tr. to Co. F, as re-organized, ra. o. Nov. 22, '65, as saddler. Wellick, Mich'l, tr. to Co. F, as reorganized, deserted June 30, '65. Wilson, Wm. E„ tr. to Co. F, as re-organized, m. 0. Nov 22, '65. Zimmerman, Henry, tr. to Co. F, as re-org zed, m. o. Nov. 22, '05. Muster Roll, Company H. Rctrmt. Claffv, Keeran, tr. to 5th Ills. Cav., m. o. Oct. 27, 1865- UiMsngned BecruiU. Boyle, Charles. Chatam, Jasper. Voorhees, David J. Williams, James B. Master Roll Company Ij. Recruit- Lenlz, Geo,, tr to Co. D, re-organized, des'ted Aug. 5, '65. Muster Roll Company M. Recruits. McFarland, Martin, transf d to Co. C, as re- organized. Palmer, William P., transfd to Co. C, as re- organized. Unassigned Recruits. Anderson, John. Boyd, Lafayette. Campbell, Thomas. Eauk, John. Harrington. John M., tr. to Co. F, as re-organ- ized, ni. 0. Nov, 22, '65. Hauskins. Thos. E., tr. to Co. F. as re-organ d 1 m. o. Nov. 22, '65, as corporal. John.son, William. 1 Lvnch, Nathan, tr. to Co. F, reorganized, m ■ o. Nov. 22, '65. O'MaMey, Edward. Stout, James E. EleventU Cn^TJry Regiment.-Tliree years' Muster Roll, Company D. Recruit. Blackwater, Benjamin, tr. to 5lh Ills. Cavalry. TweXftli Cavalry Regiment.— Three Tears' Service. Muster Roll Company B. Privates. Fellhauer, Frederick. Miller, John, died Nov. 25, '64. Stockor, John, vet., tr. to Co. B, consol'd, m. o. May 29, '65. Muster Roll Company D. Privates. Rollins, David, tr. to V. R. C. Roberts, John. Shaw, Lvman A., died at Petersburg, \ a., j July' 4, 1803, of wounds. j Muster Roll Company P. ' Private. Gray, Rob't, pro. coin's serg't, prom. capt. Co. 'H, as consol'd, m. o. May 29, '05. TUirteentll Cavalry Regiment (consolld'ed). TUree Years' Service. Non-commlssloned Staff. Hospital Steward. John W.Gass, tr. to regular army, July 5, '65. Muster Roll Company P. Recruit. Hobert, Henry C, m. o. Aug 31, '65, as sergt. Pourteenfli Cavalry Reglment-TUree Years' Service. Muster Roll Company A. Recruit. Bro\Yn, John, M. O. July 31, '65. . Unassigned Recruits Clark, John. SUleentli Cavalry Regiment-Three Tears' Service. Muster Roll Company E. Corporal. William Morganstein. Privates. Bilong, .John. . Mizer. Chas. J., died at Richmond, Va., Mar. 10,'64. whilepris'r ofwar. Mever, .\dolph, tr. to 117th Inf., deserted Sep. ' 7. 1803. Miiller, John. „- ,^- j- ii,„ Miinsck, Mivthias, disch. June 2<,'6o, disab ty. Phtster, Christian. Muster Roll Company P. Saddler. D. Hobecke, or Habbegger, M. O. June 13, '65- Privates- Tschonnen, Louis. Weigand, Jos., died at Cumb land Gap.Tenn., Dec. 15, 1863. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 263 TM-rnt)-iilntl» Colored Infantry.— iTlire* Years' service. Mnster Roll C'oiupaiiy A. Needliam, James H., M. O. Nov. 6, "65. Recruits. Killion, rienry, M. O. Nov. 6, '05. Lewis, L'lias. \V., absent, sick at M. O. of regt. Keed, John. Muster Roll Coiikpauy B. Um-mU. Franklin, Samuel, M. O. Sept. 30, '6.5 ; ter.ex Master Roll Company C. Priiale. Hallidav, Thomas. Rerruit. Kowaik, Henry, M. O. June 14, 'Go. Muster Roll Company D, P,-irati:s. Hunter, Edward, died at Kent Court House, Va., June 14, 04. Manuel. David J., absent, sick at M. O. of reg. Moore, Henry, died at Petersburg, Va., Apr. 21, 1SG5. ^ Muster Roll Company E. Firft Scryennt. John F. Ferryman, M. O. Nov. 6, '65. SergeanU. Willey, Sexton, M. O. Nov. 6, 'G5. Joseph C. .Vrbuckle, tr. to Co. I, as 1st sergt. ; M. O. Nov. G, '05. John \\ ■ Kiden, tr. to Co. C, as Ist sergt. ; M. O. Nov. 6, 'O.J. Corporah. Juliu-! White, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, '64. Isaiah Browner, died at Ft. Monroe, Va., Julv 9, '05. Solomon W. AVhite, 'M. O. Nov. G, '65 as sergt. Conrad J. Arbuckle, M. O. June 12, 'Go. Albert Samuel, absent, sick at M. O. of rept. Hiram D. Bout, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, '04. Henry Douglas, M. O. Nov. 6, '05 ; as sergt. Edward Howard, disch. Nov. 14, '(J4; disab'y. Musicians. Charles Hunter, M. O. Nov. G, '65. Kobert Walker, killed at Petersburg, Va., Julv 30, 'G4. Wayomr. Thomas Scott, private, killed at Petersburg, Va. July 30, '64. PrivaUs. Arbuckle, William, M. (). Nov. 0, 'G5. Adams, Tliomas, M. O. Nov. 6, '65. Arbuckle, Robert S., M. O. Nov. 6, '65 as corp. Arbuckle, Joseph, M. O. Nov. 6, '65. Ale.xander, Moses, M. O. Nov. 0, '65. Brown, John J., killed at Petersburg, Va , July 30, '04. Broadwater, Thomas, M. 0. Nov. 6, '65. Batty, Jackson, M. O. Nov. 6, '65. Berr'v, John, died at Alexandria, Va,, Dec' 12, 1864. Brook, Andrew, absent, sick at M. O. of regt. Browner, Henry, died at City Point, Va., Aug. 1.5, '64. Coward. David, if. O. Nov. 6.'65. Chalnian. Lewis, M. O. Nov. 6, '05. Cunningham, Henry, M. O. Nov. 0, '05 ; abs't. Delany, Janus B., disch. Oct. 14, '04 ; disaby. Dougherty, Shadrack, M. O Nov 6, '65. Ferguson, Henry, absent, sick at M. O. of regt Grayson, Robert W., 51. O. Nov. 6, '65. Hvton, ilcnry, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, '04. Ilammons, Samuel, killed at Petcr.>burg, Va., July 30, '04. Ilcndersion, William, M. O. Nov. 6, 65. Howard, .Alexander, disch. March 3, '05 ; dis. lliilibard, William, M. O. Nov. b, '(J5. Johnson, William, M. O. Nov. 6, '05. .lames, John, M. (). Nov. 6, '65. Jackson, Jolin, M. O. Nov. 6, 65. Jackson, John, must'd out Nov 6. 1865. Joy, Charlfs, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Johnson, Sidnev, pro. Q. M. sergt., mu.st'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Kane, Willis, must'd out June 12, 1B65. Martin, Lewis, absent, sick at m. o. of regt. j ilorgan, Gardner, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865, as corjioral. I Martin, David, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865. ' Mariin, Geo., disch. Oct. 19, '65; disb'lty. Miner, Gardner, died at Fortress Monroe, Va., I May 4, 1865. Owens, Elijah, must'd out Nov. 6, '65. Perkins, George, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Phillip, James, died at Alexandria, Va., May 24, 1804. I Parker, Cvrus J., killed at Petersburg, Va., ] Julv 30, 1864. Price, William, disch. Oct. IG, '04 ; disability. Robinson, Prim, must'd out Nov. 6, '65. Robinson, Joseph, killed near Petersburg, Va., April 2, lS6.i. Sexton, Leander, mu.sl'J out Nov. 6, 1865. i Sexton, Willis, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865, as I corporal. ' Singleton, George, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865, as corporal. Smith, Richard, disch. June 10, '65. | Talon, Irwin, must'd out Nov. 0, '65. j Titsworlh, .\ndrew, must'd out Nov. 0, '65. ] Throgmorton, Thornton, must'd out Novem- ! her 0, 1865. Tyler, John W., m. o. Nov. 6, 1865. Tiivlor, Mav, must'd out Nov. 6, '65. Webb, William I)., mustered out Nov. 6, 1865. Williams, John M., must'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Wilson, Reuben, died Aug't 3d, 1804, wounds. I W'ilson, Josejdi, absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Recruit. Snivelly, Henry C, must'd out Nov. G, 1865, as corporal. I Muster Roll Company P. Rccni its. Baxter, Samuel, must'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Kirby, William, muu'd out Nov. 6, 1865. Mitchell William, must'd out May 14, 1865. Unassigned Recruits. DeMorse, Jourdan. Gray Samuel. Payton, Oliver. United Slates Colored Recruits. President, Cyrus, attached to 13lh U. S. Col'd Art. Robertson, Silas, attached to 13th U. S. Col'd An. Smith, Henry, attached to 13th U. S. Colored Art. Thomas, Philip, attached to 13lh U. S. Col'd Art. Roster, .\lton Battalion One Hundred Hays' Serriee, Captain JoUu Curtis' Company. Privates. Moore, Samuel B., must'd out Oct. 7, 1864. Sloeher, Joseph, mu.sl'd out Oct. 7, 1864. Captain Simon S. Stookey's Ccnipany. Ench, John, must'd out Oct. 7, 1804. Lanigan, John, must'd out Oct. 7, 1864. Oramore, Peter, must'd out Oct. 7, 1864. Roster, Springfield Artillery TUree Years' Service. Priiatcs. Gutzweller, Joseph, must'd out June 30, 1865. Tuselier, John, must'd out June 30, 1865. Surgeon. Hezekiah Williams, resigned Feb. 13, 1863. Muster Roll Battery .\. liCcruits. Davis, Benj.. must d out July 27, 1865. Misenhammer, Philip, must'd out July 27, 'Go. McNully, Michael, must'd out July 27, '05. Mattock, John W., must'd out July 27, '05. O'Neal, Jamis, must'd out July 27, 1865. Muster Roll Battery C. Privates. Caldwell, William C, disch'd Dec. 19, 1861; disability. Harrison, John, must'd out Oct. 22, 1864. lma.son, Thomas, vel., mu.sl'd out 1865. Schotield, Richard, discharged lor promotion in Col'd Artillery. Muster Roll Battery E. Privates. Walker, Frederick, disch'd Aug. 30, 1801. Stabanan, Michael, must'd out July 29, 1865. Unassigned Recruits. Bremer, Henry, Werder, Casper. Lee, Samuel N., lOtli Kansas. McCord, E. Kimball, 10th Minnesota. Cavalry, Tremain, John, 1st Missouri Cavalry. First .\riiiy Corps. Assigned to Co. A -id Reg't U. S. Vet. Vols. Buehler, Frederick, must'd out Feb. 8, 1806. Baunian, Ubriel, must'd out Feb. 8, 1866. Fry, John, must'd out Feb. 9, 1860, as corp'l. Gtssler, Frederick, must'd out Feb. S, 1866. Janett, Peter, uiu.st'd out Feb. 9, 1806. Kleimer, Samuel, musi'd out Feb. 8. 1800. Mossman, August, musi'd out Feb. 10, 1866, as corporal. Wagner, Henry, must'd out Feb. 8, 1866. Assigned to Company F »d U. S. Vet. Vols. Barber, Alexander, must'd out Feb. 14, 1860. Knlisted Men of Contpauy 5. Casey, John. Dorsey, Michael, Murray, Jeremiah, di.schrged May 7, 1806, as corporal. Webber, Conrad, must'd out Feb. 22, 1806, Co. G 4th U. S. Vet. Vols. Kullsted Man of Company 6. Donnelly, Patrick. Knllsted Men of Company S. Woods, Chanes J., must'd out March 27, '66 as corporal. 264 HISTOBY OF MADISOI^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Stacy, Frank, raust'd out March 27, 1866. | Kempt, Andrew, assigned to Co. E, must'd out March 29, 18G0. r.utler, Patrick, assigned to Co. E, must'd out IMarcIi 29, 18GG. L'eimer, Peter, inust'il out Marcli 27, 1863. Kealy, James, must'd out Marcli 27, 1866. Kullstrd Men Company 9, assignrit to <'o. D U. S. Vet. Vols. Fleming, William. Able, Casper, must'd out April 3, 1SC6. Ilinsgrem, Michael, must'd out April 3, 1866. EiUUted Men Company 11, assigned to Co. H U. S. Vet. Vos. Schnni.an, Andrew, must'd out April 3, 1866. Zeigler, Michael. Henry, Anton, must'd out April 13, 1866. Johnson, James F., must'd out April l.S, '66. Logan, Joseph F., musi'd out April 13, 1860. Enlisted Man Company 13. Carpenter, .Tames M. Fifteentli Missouri Infantry.— Three Years' Service. The following is a list of the soldiers from Madison county, who served in Missouri regiment during the late re- bellion. As per the roster furnished us by the Adjutant General pi Missouri. } Second Regiment Missouri Infantry. — Three Years' Service. Muster Boll Company F. Frimlcs. Bardelmire, William. Bloamker, William, died in Andersonville prison. Fieldraeier, Ernst, killed at Perrvville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Schmidt, Ernst, died at Nashville, Tenn. Schomberg, Ernst. Muster Ont.RoII Company B. Casimer Muri, 1st Lieut., taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63, parole Dec. 9, 1864. Fred Blume, 1st Serg't., M. O. Dec. 25, 1865 ; wounded Jan. 1, '63, Sept. 20, 'i;3. Adolph Fess, serg't., M. O. Dec. 25, 1865; wounded June 18, '64, at Kenesaw Mt. Maurice Mascoot, serg't., M. O. Dec. 2-5, '65. John Kuhrt, serg't., M. C. Dec. 25, '65 ; wnd. John Iloft'man, corp'l., M. O. Dec. 25, '65. Bader, Joseph, private, M. O. Dec. 25, 1865; taken prisoner at battle Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, '64. Baurmann, Philipp, private. Lenherr, Edward, priviite, M. O. Dec. 25, '65. Noll, Jacob, private, wounded at Atlanta, Ga. Spohr, Christian, M. O. Dec. 2-5, '65. Tischhauser, John, private, M. O. Dec. 2.5, '65. Wernli, Jacob, private, M. O. Dec. 2.5, '65. Winegar, Charles, private, taken prisoner at battle, Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, '64. Henry Nelson, 1st Lieut., pro. Capt. Co. K. J.an. 15, 1862. Frank Unger, 1st Lieut., pro. Capt. Co. A. July 22, 1862. Fridolin Rummel, 1st Lieut., resig'd ; wound- ed at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Herman L. Vaubel, serg't., pro. 1st Lieut. Co. A. June 6, '6.5. John Beely, serg't., diseh. June 20, '65. Peter Beely, serg't, disch. Sept. 22, '64; wnd. Charles Willielm, serg't., disch. June 10, '65. Nicolas, Kessler, pvt., killed at battle. Peach Tree Creek, (ia., July 20, '64. Amraon, Charles, private, dis. Sept. 22, '64. Bernhard, John, private, disch. Feb. '25, '63. Bncher, .Sebastian, private, dis. April 3. '62. Fleuhler, Michael, private, dis. June 16, '65. Fuerst, Gabriel, private, disch. Sept. 22, '64. Kellerhals, Oswald, pvt., disch. June 10, '65. Keil, Conrad, private, disch. Nov. 10, '6-5. Lorenz, Wm., private, disch. Jan. 11, '65. Loyd, Joseph, private, disch. Sept. 3, '61. Lulim, John, private, disch. Dee. 8, '01. Mergenthaler, Antone, pvt., dis. Aug. 7, '02. Miissiman, August, private, dis. Sept. 22, '64. Newman, William, pvt., disch. .Sept. 22, '64. Ruiz, Abraham, private, disch. Sept. 22, '64. Siegrist, Emil, private, disch. Sept. 22, '64. Voigt, Henry, private, disch. Sept. 22, '64. Webber, Dominic, private, disch. Sept. '2'2, 04. Wolff, Louis, private, disch. Sept. 22, '04. Droesch, Joseph, private, tr. to V. K. C. ; wnd. Linherr, John, pvt., tr. to V. R. C; wounded. J~>59, it was thought best to place the school interests of the city in the care of an organization whose sole object should be to foster and pre- serve them; hence a Board of Education, composed of nine members, was created by ordinance of the city council, passed August 15lh, 1859. On the 19th of the same month the board had its first meeting, and chose William Hayden as president and George Skellenberger as superintendent of schools and secretary. Under the auspices of the board commendable progress has been made. No. 2 was found inadequate, and in 1866, the new No. 2 was erected at a cost of $35,000. Messrs. Armstrong & Pfeiffenberger, archi- tects. There are now within the city limits five school buildings. The schools were attended during 1881-82, by 3119 pupils, and engaged the services of twenty-four teachers. Prior to the organization of any concerted action in behalf of the schools, many efforts were put forth in behalf of the education of the youth of Alton. In November, 1831, a "Preparatory School," as it was termed, was opened by ilr. H. Davis, in a room over the store of S. E. Moore & Co., on Second street, between Market and Alby streets. In January, 1832, it took to itself the name" Alton Seminary," and in January, 1833, was removed to new and more commodious quarters on Second near Alton street. Mr. Davis, the pioueer teacher, died in 1834. The second effort was that of Abel R. Cobbin, who kept a school in a log building that stood on the junction of Second and Third streets, below Henry. About the same time, J- M. Krum, (later Judge Krum, of St. Louis), opened a school in Lyceum Hall at the corner of Second and Alby streets. He was succeeded by Mr. Bosworth. A school was taugh by Mr. Hollister, iu the Methodist church, on Third street between Alby and Court square, in 1836. D. V. AVainright taught corner of Market and Second, in ISB''. Mrs. Mary D. Bruner taught same year in the building on the site now occupied by Dr. Haskell's office. In 1837, Miss Sophia Loomis, afterward the wife of Cyrus Edwards, taught in a frame building northwest corner of Grove and Common streets, in Edwards' addition. Other teachers thus engaged in private undertakings prior to opening of free schools, were a Mr. Warner, Miss Relief V. Everett, Miss Carolina Loomis and Mr. D. A. Richardson, a Yankee from Maine. In 1842, Mr. Haylay taught in the northern part of the city. Mr. Britton, an Episcopal clergyman, taught a school of a dozen scholars, in 1844, advertising superior advantages, for which a charge of ten dollars per quarter per pupil was made. In June, 1846, Mr. Utien Smith began a school in the basement of the Episcopal church, corner of Third and Market streets, which he continued until May, 1855, a period of nine years. Mr. Smith was possessed of the elements of success as a teacher. His ex- perience iu the profession ex.tended over a period of thirty- seven and a half years. Edwardsville. — The pioneer school of this township has already been mentioned as having been maintained in a cabin about two and a half miles south of Edwardsville, in the year 1809. No record of its teachers is obtainable. The first name receiving recognition as that of a teaidier is Joshua Atwater, a native of Massachusetts, who first came to St. Clair county in 1801; thence to Madison county. He commenced teaching as early as 1807. In this calling he was successful, and many old men gratefully remember his efforts iu imparting to them instruction. In this township there are now three brick and four frame school-houses. Employment is given to seventeen teachers, nine of whom are engaged in the Union school in the city of Edwardsville. This school has a library of eight hundred 270 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. volumes and apparatus valued at near three hundred dollars. Under the efficient managemeut of Prof. I. H. Brown the schools are making fine progress. Collimvllle. — It was iu this township the first school of the county was taught, already briefly referred to. James Bradsbury was the teacher. He was represented by pioneers to have been an able and earnest instructor ; not a scholar, but faithful in teaching what he knew. He carried several pupils through the intricacies of the old " rule of three," by the aid of which almost all arithmetical sums were solved. In the year 1814, a school-house was built in this town- ship between Judy's and Whiteside's. It stood idle more than half the time. Two years prior to this, in 1812, a school was taught by Elisha Alexander, in Mr. Judy's door- yard ; a Mr. Thompson had first taught in the cabin that was put to such use. Whilst school was in session here, the British war was going on. The martial spirit ran high. Accounts of sharp struggles — doubtless exaggerated — reached the ears of youth attending this school. They put their crude ideas into vogue by barricading their teacher. Alexander saw the odds were against him, andcompromiied by treating to cider and apples. He was succeeded by Mr. Yancey, and after him, in 1816, came Mr. Enlow, and next in order was the school of Beniah Robinson. From these humble beginnings, the cause of education has flourished in Colliusville and township, until now, under the supervision of Prof H. H. Keebler, a gentleman who ranks high among the educators of this county, their schools are among the best in the county. The city of Colliusville boasts an elegant building, eligibly situated, in which a Union school is maintained, employing nine teachers. In this township there are four brick, and three frame school-houses Employment is given to fifteen teachers. Great interest is taken iu the cause of education. Jarvis. — The first school taught in this township was that of Jesse Renfro, in 1824, in the " Old Gilead Church." Mr. Renfro's labors as a ttacher were very acceptable to the pioneers. He was engaged in the work several years. During the last year of his teaching, he had forty pupils un- der instruction for six mouths, and for his services and the books which he had contracted to provide, he received one hundred dollars, or a little over sixteen dollars per month The books furnished were the old U. S. speller. Pike's arith- metic, and the testament- There are in the township six school districts. Employment is given to nine teachers four of whom are engaged in the graded schools in the vil- lage of Troy. Of the school-houses, two are brick and four are frame structures. St. Jacobs. — The first settlers of what is now St. Jacob's township took special care in educating their children. Whilst gathered together within the walls of an old fort, in 1812 and 13, for safety against incursions of Indians, they maintained a school, taught by David Smeltzer. As soon as pea ;e had settled over the country, their earliest thoughts were for their children s welfare, and in 1817. they erected a cabin, between the residences of Parkinson and Anderson, for school perposes. Upon its abandonment, a new house of hewed logs was put up on the present site of Augusta Church. A school-house was built near the Uzzle Spring in 1828, and school was first taught here by Alexander Trusedale. In the same neighborhood a school was taught, prior to this, by Mr. Edmonds, in an abandoned cabin that stood near Dug- ger's ox-mill. John Kile was among the pioneer teachers of the township. There are now six schools, employing ten teachers, three of whom are now in the graded school in the village of St. Jacob's, now under the superintendence of J. W. Wells, a thorough teacher. Of the school-houses, three are brick and three frame. Marine. — The first school taught in what is now Marine township was that of Arthur Travis in an out building be- longing to Major Ferguson in the year 1814., In 1819 a young man from New Haven, Countcticut, opened a school in an empty cabin that stood between Capt. Blakeman's and R. P. Allen's. In 1821 a substantial Union Church house was erected which was likewise used for school purposes. It is believed to have been at the time the best building devoted to educational uses in the county, as it was a frame building, with clapboard siding, supplied with split shingle roof, and glass windows. Six school-houses, three of them brick structures, have been erected for the accommodation of the children of this township. Employ- ment is given to ten teachers, four of whom are engaged in the schools in the village of Marine. Under the manage- ment of Prof. W. E. Lehr these schools have taken high rank, being held second to none in the county. Nameokl. — Thij township, and Venice, 3 — 10, are so inti- mately associated in pioneer affairs as to be properly treated together. In fact old Six Mile, as the original precinct was styled included both. As early as 1805 a school was taught here near the present Six Mile house by Edward Humphrey, and a few years after a house was built by the neighbors entirely of poles, about two miles north, in which school was taught by Joshua Atwater and subsequently by JNIc- Laughlin, an Irishman whose chief merit as a schoolmaster lay iu his strength. A pupil relates of him that he carried his bottle regularly to school with him, always went armed with a well seasoned "shillelah" and never failed to repre- mand any short-cummiugs iu pupils. He taught during the war of 1812, and more than one father had a "settlement" to make with him on return from the field of battle because of injuries inflicted on their sons. Five teachers are engaged here and five houses— all frame buildings accommodate the schools of the township. In 3- 10 are two brick and two frame school-houses. Five teach- ers are given emplojment. Hdvetin. — This township was originally settled by Ameri- cans; subse(]uently Swiss and German people came to America to enjoy her free institutions, they were not slow to avail themselves of the advantages extended through free schools. Even the naming of the streets of their beautiful city. Highland, indicates their love of the cause — preserving as one of them does the name of one of the fathers of free education, Pcstalozzi, and as others do of leaders in the same cause of our own country. Among the earliest schools taught in this township was one by George Ramsay, in 1824 ; he was eucceeded by James A. Ramsay in 1828 ; HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 271 and John Shinn taught here in 1830; in 1825 or '26 James A. Ramsay, and others caused a house to be erected, which was used for Church and scliool purposes, it stood near Craig's improvement and was constructed of hewn logs. In the township are seven school-houses, six being of brick and one a frame. Employment is given to thirteen teachers, six of whom are engaged in the Union Graded Schools of Highland. In addition to the public schools, private ones maintaining three instructors are well supported. HameL — The first school-house was built on the land of Bobert Aldrich, and near his residence in 1825. It was a flimsy, temporary structure of poles, without floor, door or window. It was used but a short time. So few scholars lived in the neighborhood that a school worthy the name could not at that early day be maintained. Joseph Thompson and a Mr. Carver, each taught a term here, whereupon it was abandoned about the same time a good log school-house was built at Lamb's Point. It was better than the average school-houses of the day in that it was supplied with a stone chimney. At present four school-houses, three frame and one brick, meet the demands for school, and employment is given to a like number of teachers. Pine Oai-.— Soon after the first settlement of Pine Oak township, citizens were blessed with the labors of Joshua Atwateras a teacher. Actuated by the true missionary spirit he wentfrom one community to another, stirring up the people to the importance of education, and laboring constantly in the capacity of a teacher. Near the residence of Jubilee Posey, in a rudely constructed cabin, briefly occupied as the home of a pioneer, he opened a school in 1809. Another pioneer teacher who labored here was Thomas S. Waddle, who taught also in a deserted cabin on section 35, on a farm belonging to James Keown. There are five school-houses in this township, all frame buildings. Employment is given six teachers. Alhambra. — William Davenport had the honor of having taught the first school within the present limits of Alhambra township. He took posession of an empty cabin, in the Hoxey neighborhood. He taught but a short time. In 183'2 a house was erected for school purposes, on section 19, and George Denney was the first to occupy it as a teacher. A man named Nichols taught simultaneously with the above in a private house. At present, there are eight school- houses here, all frame. Tec teachers are given employment. Saline. — As early as 1825, the Cumberland Presbyterians improved a campground on section 31, and on this ground in a cabin belonging to Captain Abraham Howard, was taught the first school by John Barber, Jr. He continued iu the work for several terms, finding great favor with pio- neers. There are now two frame and two brick school-houses in this township. A like number of teachers are employed. Leef — .Six school-houses, five frame and one brick, accom- modate the scholars of this township. Six teachers are given employment. There were no very early schools here. Such as were, however, will be mentioned in township history. The school district with building situated iu the village of Saline, belongs to both Leef and Saline townships. It is a graded school with two departments, and has for the last three years been under the charge of Prof. James Lane, a thoroughly practical and efficient teacher ; he has brought the school up to a high standard, making it compare well with those of other towns in the county. Xeiv Douglas. — The first settler in this township was Daniel Funderburk, who was a teacher. As soon as the neighborhood justified theeftort by having accessions to their numbers, he opened a school at his home place iu a house built for the purpose on section 6. This was in 1823. There are now five frame buildings devoted to school purposes. Employment is given to seven teachers, three of whom are engaged in the graded schools in the village of New Douglas. This school, for several years under the charge of Mr. Ken- nedy, compares fiivorably with any in the county. Wood River. — To this township is accredited the honor of maintaining the first Sunday-school in the State of Illinois. Inasmuch as elementary instruction, such as the letters ot the Alphabet, reading and spelling were taught, as well as Bible History, it may well be recognized as the beginning of the educational work, of which in its full fruition this section is so justly proud. This school was taught in 1819, by the wife of Rev. Thomas Lippincott, at the time a mer- chant in the town of Milton. The following year a similar effort was engaged in by Enoch Long -and Henry Snow in Upper Alton. The earlier efforts engaged in here are inti- mately connected with the progress and growth of Shurtlefl College ; hence are given elsewhere in this work. In the township are two brick and five frame buildings, occupied by public schools. The services of ten teachers are required, four of whom are engaged in graded schools. Olive. — Henry H. Havron was the first teacher. Taught in the year 1833. Four frame buildings accommodate the school of this township. Employment is given to five teachers. Fort Russell. — First settled by a stirring, enterprising people ; they were not slow to avail themselves of the ser- vices of a teacher. The old block-house on section 18 was soon after its abandonment as a fort, used as a school-house, with Rev. William Jones, a Baptist minister, as a teacher. On the same section, the first regular school-house was sub- sequently built. Four frame buildings, all good and sub- stantial structures, accommodate the schools of this township. Employment is given to a like number of teachers. Educatioanl Aids. — Institutes have always, since their inception, been regarded as aids to educational work. In pursuance of a public call of teachers, school officers and friends of education in Madison county, a meeting was held I in the MethodLst church, Edwardsville, on Saturday, Janu- ; ary 16th, 1858, for the purpo.se of^ organizing a Teachers' i Association or Institute. Of this association, William Hay- den, of Alton, was chosen President; Henry Wing, of Col- i linsville, and E. M. West, of Edwardsville, Vice Presidents ; W. J. Ela, of Edwardsville, Recording Secretary ; James Newman, of Alton, Corresponding Secretary ; M. G. Dale, of Edwardsville, Treasurer. An Executive Committee, con- sisting of M. G. Atwood, Alton, H. K. Eaton, and Joseph H. Sloss, Edwardsville, were given charge of the programme 272 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of exercises. In April, 1858, the first Institute was held. In 1875, Institutes failing longer to hold the attention of Teachers, and proving too inadequate to meet the demands of the profession, were exchanged for Normals, as .they are denominated, being simply Institutes for several weeks' duration. The first was held under the direction of A. A. Suppiger, with F. E. Cook, of St. Louis, as Instructor in Collinsville. The second was held in the same place, in 1876, under direction of B. F. Sippy, County Superinten- dent, with H. H. Keebler, of Collinsville, and W. E. Lehr, of Marine, as Instructors. The third was held in 1877, in Edvvardsville, same supervision, with J. S. Stevenson, of St. L)uis, and W. E. Lshr, a? Instructor. The fourth, same place and same management throughout. The Normal has met the demand made by live teachers, and supplied their longing for instruction in their work. As indicative of the progress of education we present Statement of the di.stribution of the State Funds for the years 18-50, 1860, 1870 and 1880. These certainly make a very favorable showing. STATEMENT FOR THE YEARS 1850 AND 1860. Township. Census, 1850. Amount. Census, 1860. Amount. 3—5 57. ... ?! 71 00 ... . 1,015 . ... $ 684 50. 4—5 378 ... . 46 97 ... . 517 .. . 529 l9. 5 — 5 not organ'zd .... 135 . . . 235 8Q. 6—5 90 .... 10 26 .... 180. . . 240 01. 3—6 430 .... 53 57 .... 617 .. . 482 75. 4-6 377 .... 46 97 ... . 801 .. . 572 42. 5—6 187 .... 23 30 . . . 441 . . . 387 91. 6—6 207 ... . 25 79 ... . 346 .. . 325 37. 3—7 570 ... . 71 02 ... . 776 .. . 5.54 72. 4—7 260 .... 32 39 ... . 351 .. . 343 13. 5—7 164 ... . 20 45 ... . 469 .. . 360 30. 0-7 -52 .... 31 43 ... . 360 .. . 343 00. 3—8 580 ... . 72 26 ... . 1,065 ... 706 11. 4—8 472 ... . 59 81 ... . 1,150 ... 749 62. 5—8 321 ... . 40 00 ... . 529 .. . 442 32. 6—8 320 ... . 39 87 ... . 608 .. . 461 33. 3—9 320 ... . 36 87 ... . 359 .. . 346 29. 4—9 200 ... . 24 92 ... . 260 .. . 2S0 05. 5—9 985 .... 122 73 ... . 1.158 . . . 742 12. 6—9 344 .... 43 31 .... 723 .. . 516 65. 3—10 215 .... 26 78 .... 320 .. . 206 6-5. 4—10 42 ... . 5 35 ... . 40 . . . 30 31. 5-10 1,626 .... 202 59 ... . 3,260 . . . 1,607 30. 6—10 515 .... 65 16 ... . 848 .. . 581 GL STATEMENT FOR THE YEARS 1870 AND 1880. Township. 3-5 . . 4-5. . 5—5 . . 6—5 . . 3-6. . 4-6 . . 5—6 . . 6—6 . . , 3-7 . . 4—7 . . 5—7 . . 6-7 . . 3-8- • 4-8 . . 5—8. . 6-8. . Cemus, 1S70. . . 1,303 . . , . . . 438 . . . . 329 . . . . 433 . . . . 724 . . . . 977 . . . . 634 . . . . 538 . . . . 913 . . . . 512 . . . . 558 . . . . 488 . . . . 1,-577 . . . . 1,841 . . . . 732 . . . . 669 . . Amount. $ 877 60 . 443 60 . 348 63 . Ccmits. 18S0. . .1,647 . . . . . 857 . . . . . 571 . . . 348 45 . . . . 494 586 75 . . . . 890 . 709 50 . . . . 889 . 536.75 .... 627 . 468 25 . . . . 464 . 671 00 . 476 05 . 509 05 . 4.57 50 . 1,008 50 . 1,140 13 . 597 30 . 538 22 . . 977 . . 587 . . 591 . . 663 .2,2.30 . .2,002 . 609 . . 662 , Ajnounl, ?1,155 80. 601 40. 400 70. 347 40. 624 55. 623 85. 440 00. 325 60, 685 65. 411 95. 414 75. 465 30. 1,564 09. 1,404 9-5. 425 95. 464 60 Township. 3—9 . . 4—9. . 5—9 . . 6-9. . 3—10 . . 4—10 . . Census, 1870. . . 634 . . . . 597 . . . . 414. . . 1,033 . . . . 388 . . . . 86 . . Amount. Census, 1880. Amount. 535 10 . ... 582 . . 408 45. 493 05 . ... 410 . . 287 75. 388 85 . ... 718 . . 503 90. 715 47 . ... 913 . . 640 70. 252 63 . . . . 545 . . 383 45. 52 23 . ... 99 . . 69 50. 263 44 . ... 4.57 . . 320 70. 823 15 . ... 797 . . 559 30. 2,221 43 . . . .4,782 . . 3,355 80. 406 41 . . . . 713. . 500 35. 5—10 487 . 6—10 1,245 . Alien 3,006 . Upper Alton . . 763 . In the county there are in all one hundred and thirty-six school-houses. Ninety-two frame and forty-four brick struc- tures. Employment is given to two hundred and ten teachers. From Superintendent Sippy's report the following items are gleaned. During the year ending June .30, 1881, there were 292 applicants for teachers' certificates, examined. Of these 134 were males and 158 female. Ten first grade certificates were issued to male teachers, and four to female. Seventy second grade to male, and sixty-six to female. Male applicants rejected 42, female 71. During the year twenty-seven certificates were renewed. Under the efficient management of B. F. Sippy, the schools of Madison county have proven more flourishing than ever before in her history. Examinations have been rigid — the standard of requirements necessary to secure cer- tificates being constantly advanced. SHURTLEFF COLLEGE.* Shurtleff Colleoe had its origin in a " Theological and High School " known as Rock Spring Seminary, estab- lished in 1827, under the labors of Rev. John M. Peck, D. D., and through the help of contributions received from a few friends in New York and New England. In The Bap- tist Memorial for 1842, Vol. 1, page 205, Dr. Peek says: " In 1827 the Rock Spring Theological High School was opened. Rock Spring is a country situation, IS miles East of St. Louis, and on the great stage road to Vincenues and Louisville. The Seminary commenced with :i5 students of both sexes, which number was increased in a few weeks to 100. At that period no school fur boarders, under Protes- tant direction, existed in Illinois or Missouri. In 1831 the school closed with the view of its removal to Upper Alton, as the commencement of a College. The Institution opened again in 1832, under the name of Alton Seminary. In pursuance of the plan of removal there was an early tranfer of the movable property of Rock Spring Seminary to Alton Seminary, consisting, as we are told, of "some S.300 or S400 worth of property, " embracing, among other things, the library of the Rock Spring Seminary, most of which is still in the possession of the College. One teacher also, John Russell, LL. D , who was Principal at Rock Spring after the first year, followed the school to its new location, and was appointed to the position of Principal also in Alton Seminary, during a temporary absence in the interests of the school, of Rev. Hubbel Loomis, Principal defacto. The new organization rendered necessary by this change *From data furnished by A. A. Kendricli, D.D- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 2T3 of location was effected at Upper Alton, June 4th, 1832, under the name of "The Board of Trustees of Alton Seminary. " Its object was declared to be " to take into consideration the establishment of a Seminary as the foun- dation of a College." The school was put in operation, and Rev. Hubbel Loomis was elected Principal, to whose wise plans and efBcient labors, is, undoubtedly, to be attri- buted much of what ShurtlefT College has since become. In March, 1833, the State Legislature granted a charter incorporating the seven gentlemen who were named as " The Trustees of Alton College of Illinois. " To prevent any complication of 'Church and State ' — it is supposed — and to exclude all sectarian ascendency, this charter provided that no " particular religious faith should be required of those who become Trustees of the Institution." Nor could any " Professor of Theology ever be employed as a teacher at said College, nor any Theological Department be con- nected therewith or in any manner attached thereto," with- out rendering the act granting the charter " null and forever void." The charter was not accepted. Nor were efforts to forward the object of the Association thereby retarded. In January, 1835, measures were adopted to raise $25,000 for " the immediate wants as well as the permanency and pros- perity of the Alton Seminary," viz : $10,000 for buildings ; §7,500 a fund for salaries of professors ; and 87,500 a fund to aid beneficiary theological students. The self-constituted Trustees proceeded to lay off streets, town lots and a college campus, and appointed and commissioned itinerant agents to solicit funds and enlist the co-operation of friends of ad- vanced education in several of the Eastern, Middle and Western States. In February, 1835, a new charter was granted, in its gen- eral features sufficiently liberal, but retaining the offensive proviso with reference to a Theological Department. How- ■ever, this charter was accepted. Without dissolving their mutual covenant the seven subscribers to the original com- pact, with other elected members, became a distinct Board of " Trustees of Alton College of Illinois." The Association now conditionally surrendered to the new corporation its entire property — " reserving fifty acres of the land for the education of the ministry of the gospel, and also such dona- tions as may have been made for rs as pastor elect March 1, 1839. On the 9th of May following he was installed by the Presbytery of Alton. Mr. Norton served as pastor until May 24, 1857, when he resigned, but continued either in person, or through other ministers, to supply the congrega- tion, for the most part, until July 1, 1858, when he was dis- missed by the Presbytery — making the whole period of his service nineteen years and three months. Cornelius H. Tay- lor was installed pastor July 1, 1858, and remained until the latter part of March, 18(J8, making a pastorate of nearly ten years. The church then remaiued without a pastor for one year. C. Solon Armstrong was invited to the pastorate April 16, 1869, and entered upon his duties the 15th of the ensuing Miy. He was duly installed December 16, 1869, and dismissed by Presbytery April 9, 1880. The congregation was then served by various ministers, principally by their former pastor. Rev. A. T. Norton D. D., until September 1, 1S81, when Rev. Thomas Gordon com- menced his labors. Mr. Gordon was duly installed as pastor Tuesday evening, October 25, 1.^81. The whole number of members in the church up to Janu- ary, 1879, is 1066. Of these two hundred and forty-three were added before Mr. Norton's pastorate and three hundred and seventy-one during its continuance. In Mr. Taylor's pastorate, two hundred and two were added ; in the year be- tween Mr. Taylor and Mr. Armstrong, five ; in Mr. Arm- strong's two hundred and forty-five. The number of mem- bers reported to the Assembly at the close of Mr. Norton's administration was two hundred and thirty ; at the close of Mr. Taylor's two hundred and fortj'-two ; in the spring of 1878, at the close of Mr. Armstrong's ninth year, three hun- (?re I were reported. In 1870 about forty-eight members were dismissed to form a Congregational church. The reduction in numbers by this movement was serious, but the loss in pecu- niary strength was far more so, amounting to fully one-half the financial ability of the congregation. Though never rich, the benevolence of this congregation has been so sedu- loisly cultivated and so largely developed that during the whole of Mr. Norton's and Mr. Taylor's administrations, its offerings for benevolent causes, outside of itself, were larger than any other Presbyterian church in the State except one or two in Chicago. Content with a modest, inexpensive house of worship, it supported its pastors well, and gave largely to all benevolent causes, especially Home Missions. There have been many revivals in the history of this con- gregation ; but the one most notable, for the character and standing of its converts, was that of the winter and spring of 1819. Value is not to be estimated by numbers, but by weight. The conversion of Saul of Tarsus was worth more to the Church and the world, than that of the whole three thousand on the day of Pentecost. The population of all our Western cities and villages is extremely fluctualiog. That of Alton has ever been pre-eminently so. Hence the small permanent growth of this church, notwithstanding I the constant and large increase of members. Its place of worship. The church of 1821, noticed in another place, was organized in a log school-house in Upper Alton. It stood on the corner diagonally opposite the north- east corner of John Bates' premises. A small one-story brick house now occupies the spot. In that log school- house. Deacon Long and Henry H. Snow gathered a Sabbath- } school in the summer of 1820. The present church was ■ organized at the hou.se of Deacon Enoch L mg, corner of Main and College streets. Upper Alton, the spot now occu- pied by the late Joseph Burnap's residence. The public services of the occasion were held in the brick school house in upper Alton, The next place of worship was the frame building on Second street, Alton, next east of the residence of the late Simeon Ryder. The next building occupied was LfCium H ill, on the northeast corner of Alby and Second streets. This building was burned July 30, 1874. Captain Biujamin Godfrey united with this church on profession, No- vember 8, 1833. The same year he erected with his own means, a commodious stone church, with a spire and basement story on the northeast corner of Third and Market streets, where the Episcopal church now stands. He retained the title in • his own hands, and afterwards gave the property to the trus- tees of Monticello Seminary, by whom it was sold to the Episcopalians in the spring of 1845. A fine bell was in the I tower, presented to the church by Mrs. Gilraan, mother of [ B I. and W. S. Oilman. Early one morning, immediately after the sale, that bell descended from that tower and went away on a dray. This church occupied that building from its erection till the time of sale, paying rent for it to Monti- cello Seminary, while it was owned by that Institution. Its next place of worship was in a small frame church on the northeast corner of Third and Alby streets, where the Uni- tarian parsonage now stands. The pressed brick house of worship was erected at a cost of $'!,500, and was dedicated June 14, 1846. In 1853, it was enlarged by an addition of twenty-five feet to the front, making the entire length eighty feet. This addition, with other improvements, cost S2,500. In 1858 a $2,00) organ was put up in the building. In July and August of 1865 there was another renovation which in- volved an expense of seven hundred dollars. But the chief renovation and re-arrangement was made iu 1875 at a cost of §4,000. A re-dedication ensued October 17, 1875. A sermon was preached on the occasion, reciting the whole history of the church, especially in reference to its places of worship. A debt was created by this last improvement which for several years was the source of no little annoyance. It and all the other indebtedness of the church was fully can celled on the first of January 1882. A large fine parsonage of brick was purchased in 1871 at a cost of $4,000. This was the offering of the congregation HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 297 to the magnificent Memorial Fund of nearly eight millions raised that year by the j RE-UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CIU'RCn. The Sabbath-school of the church has been sustained the whole year through, and with great vigor. Its Superin- tendents have been Andrew Alexander, Moses Forbes, David T. Wheeler, Benjamin E. Yiall, L. S. Williams, L. A. Parks, Isaac Scarritt, Edward Hollister and Thomas P. Nisbett. The last named is still in office — 1882. During a large portion of the church's history a mission !^abbath- school has been sustained — at first in Hunterstowu and then in Sempletown. The Semi-Centennial of the church occurred on Sabbath, June 18, 1881. It was celebrated with great interest and profit. The services commenced Friday evening, June 17, and continued through Saturday, the 18th, and Sabbath, I'Jtii. The entire i)roceedings were published in a pamphlet of 140 pages. Copies of this pamphlet, of all the Psalms and hymn- books, used in the church service for these first fifty years of its history, a copy of the " History of Presbyterianism in Illi- nois, by A. T. Norton, D. D.," and the various Historical shields used on the occasion, are deposited in a nicely con- structed bos which is to be in the custody of the stated Clerk of the Session, until the occurrence of the Centen- nial Anniversary of the ciiurch, July 19, 1931. At the time of the observance of this Semi-Centennial, two of the original members of the church were alive, viz: George W. Fuller, now of Galena, Illinois, and Enoch L)ng. But the venerable and venerated Enoch Long passed to his rest without a struggle, at his residence, Sabula, Iowa, July 19th, 1881, at the age of 90 years, nine months and three days. The number of communicants April, 1882, was 234. COLLINSVILLE CHURCH. The place at its first settlement was called Uuionville^ afterward was named Collinsviile. from tiie Collins family. The church was organized May 3d, 1823, with these mem- bers, viz : William Collins, Esther Collins, Augustus Col- lins, Elizabeth B. Collins, Eliza Collins, Almira Collins, Frederick Collins, Oriel Wilcox, Susan Wilcox, Horace Look, Emma C. Look. Seven of these belonged to the family of Diacon William Callins, who came to this place in the fall of 1822, with his wife and three daughters and one son. Four of iiis six sons — viz., Augustus, Anson, ilichael and William B. — had preceded him by several years. The family was from Litchfield, Conn., to which place William B. Collins, when a young man, had removed from Guilford, Conn. The church, from its foundation until the fall of 1843, worshiped in a house erected iu 1818, one of the first frame meeting-houses built in Illinois. The stated preach- ing of the gospel was not enjoyed until 1830, though for nearly twelve years a Sabl)ath school had been sustained, and worship of some kind had been held almost every Sab- bath. When a minister could not be obtained, they met for prayer and exhortation, or read a sermon. From 18.30 to 1840 the church enjoyed for half the time, successively, 38 the services of Revs. Thomas Lippincott, John F. Brooks, Roswell Brooks and Robert Blake. Up to 1835 it was aided by the Home Missionary Society. Since that time it has received no as-istance from abroad. Mcnister-S: Charles E. Blood, pastor, commenced laboring with them July 4, 1840; Thomas Lippincott, supply pastor, 1848; Lemuel Grosvenor, pastor, 1848 ; David Dimond, supply pastor, 1850 ; Gideon C. Clark, pastor, 1856 ; Charles F. Halsey, pastor, 1864 ; John D. Jones, pastor, 1867; J. R. Barnes, pastor, 1870 ; George W. Coit, pastor, 1874 ; Joseph G. Reasor, D. D., pastor, 1878. John R. Reason, supply pastor, commenced Oct. 10th, 1880, and is still— May, 1882, in oflice. Elders: William Collins and Oriel Wilcox at the organization ; Horace Look and Frsderick Collins, January 12, 1829; William B. Collins, November 10th, 1832; Lewis Wteks, August, 1837; Hiram L. Ripley, September 15, 1838 ; Philander Braley, Austin B. Beach, James Ilaffy, November 14th. 1841 ; J. Vanstavoren, S. Sheppard, January 24th, 1847 ; E. B. Lockwood, February 21, 1847 ; C. C Treadway, 1861 ; Hon. J. R. Miller, July, 1880. Deacons : James S. Wadsworth, G. W. Peers and George A. Miller. The present church building was erected in 1843, at a cost of about eighteen hundred dollars. It was badly shat- tered by a storm in 1879. In addition the church owns • property in shape of lots, a parsonage, and another valuable residence. It is not in debt, and pays a liberal salary to the pastor, and contributes, though not systematically, to the benevolent agencies of the Church at large. The member- ship at present is about one hundred and forty. The Sab- bath-school is quite flourishing; two officers, fourteen teach- ers, one hundred and seventy-five pupils. MARINE CHURCH. This was organized Nov. 2d, 1834. Roswell Brooks preached here one-half the time for one year. Next succeeded, Robert Blake, one-half the time for two years. Then the church was vacant until 1840, when T Lippincott was employed, and continued, one-half the time for three years. A pleasant revival occurred tind twenty-seven were added to the church. Then followed James R. Dunn. After eighteen months' labor elsewhere, Mr. Lippincott supplied again for one year. The subsequent ministers, named in their order, are these: Calvin Butler, Sigmund Uhfelder, James A. Darrah, C. J. Pitkin, William Filers, A. D. Jack, H. AV. Wood, J. Scott Davis, C. T. Hal- sey, the last from Jan. 1874, to Jan. 1878, and Robert Stewart. Elders : James Breath, James M. Nichols, Geo. W. Welsh, Nov. 2d, 1833; C. Lyman, Feb. 10th, 1842; Geo T. Allen, April 30, 1843; John Breath, same; j A. L Saunders, Feb. 7th, 1848; J. S. Cottrell, same; Joel Simpson, April 30, 1854 ; Richard P. Marshall,. '^ame; Lewis i Potter, April 16th, 1864 ; Samuel H. Brown, May 8, 1869 ; I Richard A. Marshall, April 21, 1872. The original mem- bers were these : James Breath, Elizabeth Breath, Geo. C. ■ Allen, Mary Allen, Janus M. Nichols, Elizabeth Nichols, Geo. W. Wal.>.inion was effected between this and a Congregational church in the same place. By this union twenty-six mem- bers were added. One article provides for the election of Elders triennially. E P. Lovejoy was the first minister. He labored gratuitously. C. G. Selleck was installed pas- tor Nov. 16, 1837, and resigned the charge in October, 1841. Hubbel Loomis succeeded him as stated pastor until May, 1843. Mr. Loomis was succeeded by H. B. Whittaker, who continued his labors here until his death, Sept. 15th, 1844. Williston Jones succeeded Mr. Whittaker, and remained uatil May, 1845. Lemuel Foster, T. B. Hurlbut and Wil- liam Barnes, labored for different periods. W. R Adams from 1861 to 1867. Since then Lucius I. Root, Robert Rudd, John Huston and Samuel B. Taggart have served this church. Elders : Euoch Long, Ebenezer Dennison, John Manning, Samuel Archer, William Clark, Alfred Cowles, Joseph Gordon, Winthrop S. Gil man, Russell Scar- ritt, John Bates, Win. Cunningham, Myron Ives, J. J. Hastings, S. W. Ball, J. P Burton, T. R. Murphy, Joseph Piatt, W. S. R. Robinson and probably some others. The Records have been very imperfectly kept. The first church edifice was erected in 1836, and occupied the same site as the present one. Previous to that the church worshiped in what is known as the " Brick School House." The first church edifice was burned February 10, 1858. The present build- ino- was commenced soon after, but for lack of funds went on^but slowly. It was finally finished, and dedicated No- vember 15, 1865. This church has had many difficulties. Among these were its semi-constitution, the vicinity of oth- er strong churches, and the exceediogly fluctuating charac- ter of the population of the place. The church is now, May 1882, without a minister. It has only oue elder, John Bates. Its membership is about thirty. MONTICELLO CHURCH. The post office is Godfrey, Madison county, Illinois. For several reasons peculiar importance attaches to the history of this church. Hence I propose to give it fully enough for complete comprehension. In doing this I siiall derive my materials from the '' church manual compiled and published by an order of Session in 1860," from the church records, from the records of the Presbytery of Alton, and, in relation to the church edifice, from the re- cords of Monticello Seminary. It was organized in the chapel of Monticello Female Seminary, Nov. 2, 18.49, Rev. Theron Baldwin, who was then a memb>;r of Alton Pres- bytery, presiding. I undoubtedly state the exact truth, when I say the peculiar shaping of the church s constita tion was due alone to Mr. Baldwin. The original mem bers were : Jabez Turner, from the Reformed Dutch Church, Kinderhook, N. Y. ; Timothy Turner, Jairus Burt Turner, Ann W. Turner, Elizabeth Turner, from the Vala- tia, Kiuderhook, Presbyterian church, N. Y. ; James Howell, Ann D'Hart Howell, Sarah Howell, from the Reformed Dutch church, Beawenburg, N. Y. ; Rufus G. Turner, Mary Ann Turner, from the First Presbyterian church, Mattea- wan, N. Y. ; Edwin B. Turner, Congregational church, Jacksonville, 111. ; Catharine Ingham, Rebecca Ingham, Elizabeth Wilkius, Mary E. Gihnan, Calvin Godfrey, from the Presbyterian church, Alton ; John Mison, sr., from Congregational church, Castleton, Vt. : Elizabeth Howell, from Presbyterian church. New Brunswick, N. J. Eighteen persons, twelve of whom were from Presbyterian churches, four from the Reformed Dutch, which is Presbyterian under a different name, and two Congregalionalists. With a Presbyterian organizer, sixteen out of eighteen Presbyterian members, oue would have especttd a Prtsbyttriau church. Martin Ash, Maria Ash, Susan \V. Miles, Caroline W. Baldwin, Benjamin Ives Oilman, Philena Fobes. Huldah M. Sturtevant aud Mary Marr, were received on exaiuina- tion. This constitution wai adopted: "Art. (1) This church shall be called The Church of Chrid in Monticello. (2) The business of the church shall be transacted by a Session, consisting of the pastor (who shall be ex-officio, Moderator) and a certain number of elders chosen by nom- ination. The elders shall hold their office no more than oue year, at any one time, without a re-election. Art. (3) The nomination of elders shall be made by the pastor, with the consent of ihe Session, not less than two weeks previous to the time for entering upon the duties of this oflice, and un- less objections are publicly made by at least two members of the church in regular standing, they are to be con.-idtred as elected. (4) In the reception of members, and all cases of discipline, a vote of the church shall be necessary to ratify the decision of the Session. Art. (5.) No alteration shall be made in this Constitution or in the Co:ife.-sion of Faith, except by a vote of two-thinls of the members pres- ent at a regularly notified meeting for this purpose." Ecclesiastical history can scarcely furnish a match to this ! According to Art. 1, there was and could be in the village, or precinct called Mooticsllo, no church but this one. Ac- cording to Art. 2, when the church had no pastor, there could be no Ses ion, for he was an essential part of it. The elders were not to be chosen by vote of members, but by nomimtioii of pastor— Art. 3. Heuce necessarily, the elders were the creatures of the pastor. And when the church had no pastor, no elders could be appointed. By Art. 4 the Session was deprived of all real authority. The Confes-ion of Faith adopted consisted of nine Arti HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 299 cles, and was thoroughly orthodox and Calvinistic. The first ehlers put in office under this uniijue constitution were Timothy Turner and Benjamin I. Gilmau. Others, down to 18o4, are as follows : Abijah W. Corey, 1841 ; Benjamin Godfrey, 1842; Nathan Johnson, 1845; John Mason, sr , 1846; George Smith, 1847. The ministers have been — (1) Theron Bildwin, supply pastor fn)ni November 2, 1838, till November 22, 1S40. Ojt)ber 4, 1841), the church invi- ted Mr. Baldwin to become their pastor, and instructed B. I. Gilman anil Timothy Turner to apply to Presbytery t^have him installed. This was done, November 22, 1^40. A. T. Norton, of Alton Presbyterian church, preached the sermon, T. B. Hurlbut, of Upper Alton, gave the charge to the pastor, and T. Lippineott to the people. It was a semi- installation— Presbyterial, inasmuch as Presbytery was con- sulted about it, and agreed to Mr. Baldwin's wishes as to the individuals to officiate, all of whom were co-Presbyters with himself — «oft-Presbyterial in that the constitutional questions were omitted. Nothing can be more farcical than Mr. B's. attempts to wear, and not to wear the Presbyterian harne'is. Tnereor.l-i of the Sassion during the whole of Mr. B's. administration are very neatly kept in due Presbijte- riaii form. From only a single entry would one suspect the church to be anything else than Presbyterian. '-July 31, 1841, Timothy Turner was appointed (by the Session) a deleg.ite to the Alton Presbytery on the ground that sucli delegates were received on certain conditions, by said Pres- bytery as corresponding members." The " conditions " referred to are contained in apian of correspondence drawn up by 'Sir. Baldwin and foolishly adopted by the Presbytery of Alton at its fall session in Upper Alton, 1840. That " plan " is as follows: (1) "That we adopt the practice of receiving delegates, as corresponding members, from such Congregational and other churches within our bounds as harmonize with us in belief of the essential doctrines of Christianity, provided they are willing regularly to report to this body. (2) That such delegates have the right not only to speak, but also to vote on all matters which come bsford this body, except such as are strictly Presbyterial. (3) That we consent to act as an advisory council in all cases of reference which those associated churches may bring before us. " At the fall meeting in 1867, these resolutions were repealed. But from the fall of 1840 to the fall of 1867, they were theoretically in force, though practically disre- garded. The fact is, the Presbyterian system is complete in itself. All foreign elements engrafted upon it are so many excrescences, which have in the end to be cut off or out. Mr. Baldwin left in April, 1844. He was succeeded by Elisha Jenney until September, of the same year. George Pyle followed and remained till his death, Jan. 22, 1846; Joseph A. Ranney from JIarcb, 1846, to Nov., 1847; Wm. Homes from June, 1848, to June 18.50; Geo. M. Tuthill from Oct. 1850, till ]\Iay, 1852 ; Charles Temple from June 1852, till June, ls54. All the above ministers were connect- ed with the Presbyterian Church save Charles Temple, and all with Alton Prenbytery save Mes.-;rs. Temple and Homes. Monticello church was received by Presbytery, according to the terms of correspondence, May 3, 1842, and thereafter represented in Presbytery and Synod with as much i-egularity as any other church down to 1854. January 18, 1855, the Presbytery of Alton met with the Monticello chuich. That church presented a re- quest, lo cDme fully into connection with Presbytery. The request was granted. Subsequently, but on the same day, Wellington W. Wells was, by the Presbytery, ordained pas- tor of that church according to Presbyterian usage. The church remained in this connection until Oct. 2, 1860, when the following minute appears upon the Records of Presby- tery: " The Alton Presbytery have received certain papers from the congregation at Monticello, in which they express their opinion that the relation subsisting between said Presbytery and the congregation ought to be dissolved. The Presbytery express their regret that such a feeling should exist among those brethren with whom we have lived for years on terms of the greatest friendship. But as the papers inform the Presbytery, the church Aas withdrawn from our body, we erase the name of the Monticello church from our roll. " The manual of the Monticello church refers to this matter thus: "In 1855, the church united 'A'hh the Preshytenj of Allan, and remained in that connec- tion till June, 1860, when the Presbytery having ceased to co-operate with the A. H. M. Society, (with which this church had co-operated since its first organization and still preferred to co-operate) it withdrew from Presbytery, and resumed its original independent condition. " While under the care of Presbytery, the church was prosperous and uni- ted. For the first year W. W. Wells was their pastor. He was duly released from that charge by Presbytery, Sept. 29, 1855. In October, Rev. Albert Smith became supply pistor. He was called to the pastorate and installed by the Presbytery of Alton, Nov. 22, 185G, and remained in that relation until his death, April 24, lS63 Mr. Smith did not withdraw from the Presbytery with his church. Very sin- gularly the records of the church during the period of its connection with Presbytery cannot be found. That they were duly kept there is no doubt. Such pastors as Messrs. Wells and Smith would not have neglected so vital a matter. Besides, they were before Presbytery, in the spring of 1856 duly examined and approved. In 1855, the church reported eighty members. In 1856, ninety-one; 1857, ninety-five; 1858, ninety-three; 1859, ninety-eight ; 1860, one hundred and eight. In 1857, Benjamin Webster was added to the Session. Those six years nearly, tf connection with the Presbytery, were years of union, peace and unmixed pros- perity. In those years the church edifice was erected by the trustees of the seminary, " for the joint use of the Mon- ticello Prenbyterian congregation " and the seminary, ac- cording to a plan, dated August 10, 1857, and signed by B. Godfrey and P. Fobes, on the part of the seminary, and B. I. Gilmau and A. W. Corey, on the part of the congre- gation. The title to this property is with the trustees of the seminary. To trace the history of this church since its withdrawal from Presbytery is not here in place. While ]Mr. Sn)ith lived it prospered. His wise and steady course kept the elements in repose December 16, 1867, the first constitution of the church was essentially changed. Since 300 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. that time, or rather since its withdrawal from the Presbytery, it has not beeu Presbylerian, whatever else it may have been or is. Upon the whole, the history of this church, since the death of Dr. Smith, lias demonstrated the utter absurdity of attempting to build up an orthodox church which shall be M/i-deuoiniuati( nil. Dr.-!. Baldwin and Smith were able men. They could hold a church to orthodox moorings by their individual power and Presbyterian connections. Lesser men, witli no such connections, will surely fail. No church can live and grow and be useful ivitliout i-one distinctive and ackaotvledjed syntem of doctrine and polity. TKOY CHURCH. The organization was made Oct. 2d, 1842, by Revs. Wm. Chamberlain, T. Lippincott and C. E. Blood, with these members : J. K. Reiner, E. C. Reiner, James Perigo, H. Perigo, Cyrus Scott, jr., P. Scott, E. Scott, L. A. Scott, B. Posey, G. W. Scott, E. Goodwin, E. Davis and Cynthia Scott. This was the first church organization of any denomi- nation in the village of Troy. Up to Dec. 22d, 1867, the church had received eighty-five members, only sixteen of whom were theu remaining. At that time Rev. Robert Stewart commenced his permanent labors. Since then and up to Jan. 1st, 1878, one hundred and twelve have beeu added. Before Mr. Siewart, the church was served by the fjUowing ministers: Wm. Chamberlain, Thomas Lippincott, J. R. Dunn, Calvin Butler, L. A. Parks, licentiate, John Gibson, Socrates Smith, James A. Darrah, Caleb J. Pitkin, William Ellers and A. D. Jack. Most of these labored here only half the time. The following are the elders : Dr. J. K. Reiner and James Perigo, the first two. Thomas Smith, Wesley Jarvis, Oliver Beard, John R. Swain, Dr. F. AV. Lytle, L. R. Cornman, John McKee, Dr. F. A. Sabin, Andrew Kiraberliu, James A. Henderson, Samuel Yandell, James W. Barlow, Edward Bigelow, Thomas H. Bell, R. C Morris, Henry A. Risser, James Lang, Thomas J. Purviance and John Bosomworth. In 184-5 the church adopted the limited period of Eldership. The first house of worship was a neat frame, twenty -four by thirty feet. When the new house was erected the old one was sold and is now private property. This new house is of brick, sixty by thirty-six feet, with basement story and audience room above, and cost $10,1100. Eleven hundred of this was donated by the Board of Church Erection. The corner stone of this house was laid on Mr. Stewart's birth-day. May 3, 1871. It was dedicated May 3, 1872, the day the pastor was seventy- four years of age. Mr. Stewart remained in charge of the church until his death, which took place at his residence in Troy, July 11, 1881, at the advanced age of eighty three years, two months and eight days. The present minister of the church is Rev. John Gehring. The present Elders are D. F. A. Sabin and Thomas H. Bell, and the number of members about sixty-five. MORO CHQECH. The church of Rattan's Prairie, now called Moro, was organized by Revs. Valentine Pentzer and P. D. Young, December D, 1848, in a school house where the village of Bethalto now is, with these members, viz.: Samuel Smith, Ruth Smith, Hugh S.nith, Lstitia Dorsey, James Purdy Smith, Elizabeth Smith, D.Duncan Smith, Ann M. Pentzer, Mrs Ann Smith. Samuel Smith was made elder. He died in June, 18j(3. Since apjwiuted, Hugh Smith, November 20, 18-54; William A. Lauterman and George F. Stahl, same date ; Samuel Dorsey, James Harvey Smith, Hiram E. Stahl. elected in first part of 1870 ; W. S. B. Robinson about 187G. Ministers: Valentine Pentzer; P. D. Young, 18.50; Peter Hassinger, 18.53-56 ; S. B. Smith, 18-57-58 ; R. M. R)berts, 1860; F. H. L. Laird, 18G2 ; A. N. Denny, 1864, till his death. September 29, 1863 ; R. G. Ross, 1869 ; M. B. Gregg, 1871 ; George B. McComb, 1872 ; John Huston, 1874 ; William L. Johnson, 1876; Samuel B. Taggart, 1879. The name of the church was changed from " Rattan's Prairie" to "Moro" by Presbytery April 6,1865. There has beeu but one house of worship. It was erected in the summer and fall of 1853, and is situated near the Moro depot. A cemetery is in the same enclosure with the church and adjoins the church site. Before the church was erected, the common place of meeting was Bethalto school- house. Mr. Taggart is still in charge of the church. His post- office address is Upper Alton, Illinois. The membership is about fifty-five. ZION (gERJIAN) PRESBYTERIAN CHOECH. This church was organized at Fusterburg, Madison count}', October 12, 1857, by Revs. J. G. Schaible and H. Blanke, with twenty members. Up to the fall of 1877 the church was served by three ministers — H. Blanke, J. H Reints and August Busch, who entered upon their work in 1857, 1869 and 1873. respectivel)'. The first Elders were Fred Wortman and C- Breuken. Afterward P. A. Scheldt, Eruest Wortman aud C. F. Lob- big. In August, 1S78, the church adopted the time service method, at the same time reducing the board to two, C. Breuken and P. H. Scheldt. This church has had a membership of one hundred aud thirty-nine in all from the beginning. Its present membership is eighty-nine. A house of worship was built soon after the organization, which cost about five hundred dollars. A parsonage was erected at the same time at a cjst of about four hundred dollars. Additions have been made to the parsonage since, so that the present value of the church property, including house of worship, parsonage and grounds, is about §1,500. Since the fiill of 1877, this church was without a pastor. During the spring and summer of 1878 it was served by a licentiate, Albert F. Beyer, theu a student of Danville Seminary, whom the church elected their pastor, and who was ordained over them May 14, 1879, by a committee of Alton Presbytery. The church building is situated in T. 6 N., R. 9 W., Sec. 14, N. E. \ of S. W. } of the section. The present (1882), Elders are C F. Lobbig and Ernest Wortman. The number of members is fifty. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 301 SALEM (GERMAN) PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church was organized August 19, 1869, by Revs. John A. Reiiits, Mr Tschudy and I'^lder Frederick Wort- man with these members: Henry Bausch, Anton Telgmann, Henry Kocli, Fredericli Schallenl)erg, Nicolaus Ysch, Carl Wenzel, Hermann Bockstrock, August Seiler, John Hauser, Chr'st. Schlei ker, Ernest Scballenberg, Henry Banker, Henry Landwehr, Henry Schallenberg, Y. E. Schallenberg, Mathilda Koch, Teadore Telgmann, 8usanne Bausch, Char- lotte Schallenberg, Mrs. Ysch, Charlain Wenzel, Charlain Bockstrock, Hanne Hauser, Anna Schlenker, Dina Schallen- berg, Rosienc Seiler. Elders : Henry Bausch, Anton Telg- mann. Ministers: John H. Reints from the organization until August, 1877 ; August Biisch, 1878 ; Albert E Bayer, present minister, was ordained over them May 5, 1879. The church house was erected within two months, September and October, 1869, and cost about §1,000. It is in T. 6, R. 9, S. E. i Sec. 18. This church together with Zion church at Fosterburg. Madison county, constitute a very interesting parish. All the members of both are native Germans. Their religious services are in that language. The present (1882) Elders are, Anton Telgmann and Henry Bausch, and the number of members sixty. Godfrey, Madison county, Illi- nois, is the post-office address. Woodburu (German) Presbyterian church, just across the line, in Macoupin county, has been quite recently organized. Salem, Zion and Woodburn constitute one field, under the charge of Rev. A. E. Bayer, whose residence is at Foster- burg. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. BY JUSTUS BULKLEY, D. D. At the closa of the Revolutionary war the entire number of Baptists in America did not exceed fifty thousand, and in all the valley of the Mississippi there were but two small churches. The first ministers of the gospel who visited the region of Kentucky were Lewis Lunford (called in Virginia "the Wonderful Boy") and John Taylor, who made excur- sions to that region in 1779. The Presbyterians were the second denomination to enter this valley. Their pioneer was Rev. David Rice, who in October, 1783, with his taraily, settled near Harrod's Station, Kentucky. In 1786 two itinerant Jlethodist ministers arrived in Kentucky, and laid the foundation for their numerous people. So far as I can learn, the first evangelical or Protestant minister that preachod the gospel in the Illinois country, was Rev. James Smith, a Separate Baptist minister, who in the summer of 1787 visited and preached to the scattered inhabitants of what is now Monroe county. In 1790 he made a second visit to the same territory, preached, was taken prisoner by the Indians, near Waterloo, carried to the Kickapoo town on the Wabash, ransomed and returned to Kentucky. In 1796 Rev. Josiah Dodge, a native of Con. necticut, but a pioneer from Kentucky, visited Illinois, and baptized four persons, who had professed conversion under Smith's preaching. One of these was James Leraen, Sr., who, with his four sons, became subsetjuently Baptist min- isters- Rev David Badgley in the spring of 1796 came to Illinois from Hardin county, Virginia. He baptized fifteen persons, and, aided by Joseph Chance, who was not then an ordained minister, constituted the New Design Baptist church, Monroe county, with twenty-eight members, — the first Bap- tist church in Illinois. It was constituted May 28, 1796. In the spring of 1796 Badgley moved his fiimily to Illinois, preached, enjoyed revival seasons, and in 1798 constituted another church in the American Bottom, with fifteen mem- bers. Fint Church. — The first Baptist church organized within the present limits of Madison county was at Wood River It was constituted May 3, 1807, by David Badgley and William Jones. Among the cou.stituent members were : William Jones, by letter; Elizabeth Jones, Susan Brown, William Stubblefield, Isaac Hill, Lucy Hill, Joseph Cook, Sarah Cook, John Rattan, Mary Rattan, Anne Rose, John Finley, and possibly others. July following Joseph White, James Gillham and Anne Gillham joined, by letter. In June, 1809, Abel Moore, Mary Moore, James Beeman and Nancy Beeman were received by letter. In September, 1809, George Moore and Nancy Moore joined by letter. In 1807 the first Baptist Association was formed, called the "Illinois Union." It consisted of five churches. Wood River, New Design, Mississippi Bottom, Silver Creek and Richland. It had four ministers, David Badgley, William Jones, Robert Brazil and Joseph Chance, with sixty-two members. Hence Wood River church, with its pastor, AVilliam Jones, was one of five churches to constitute the first Baptist Association in Illinois. In 1809 the Associa- tion held its annual meeting with this church. The first Saturday in April, 1811, letters of dismission were granted to William and Elizabeth Jones; but the first Saturday in October, 1814, they were again received by letter. The first Saturday in June, 1815, James Beeman was appointed to get plank to floor the meeting-house, and get two acres of land from Joseph Vaughn, for meeting-house and grave- yard. The first Saturday in July, 1816, Joseph Vaughn offered to sell to the church two acres of land where the meeting-house and grave yard were tituated, for five dollars per acre. After consultaion, the church purchased one and a half acres, and Vaughn donated a half acre and twenty rods. These pioneers were a hearty, thrifty, social generous peo- ple; their hospitality was unbounded. A common foe in the Indians by whom they were surrounded connected them very closely in their friendship, as well as united them for common defence. Their settlements were sparse. Their custom was to hold monthly meetings, beginning on Saturday and holding over the following Sabbath. Their faith was simple and their piety sincere; their preaching was largely hortatory and their worship jirimitive and unostentatious ; members were often widely scattered ; their mode of travel was on horseback, and attended with great danger from a 302 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. prowliog foe; and yet they exhibited great earnestness and punctuality in tiieir attendance upon the stated appoint- ments of the church. One of the members of this church, Mrs. Bates, the mother of the wife of Abel Moore, lived near Jersey Lauding; another, iNIrs. Askew, sister of Mr. Abel Moore, also lived near Jersey Lauding, and yet both came monthly, on horseback, exposed to imminent danger, and yet with great regularity and delight, to attend the stated appointments of the church. During the war of 1812 Elder William Jones became a soldier, and was elected captain of his company. During this period he often preached in the Block House, which stood near the pre- mises of William Gill. This church eiijoj'ed a good degree of prosperity until about 1849, about which time its membership declined, and it was then merged into the Bethlehem United Baptist Church. EDWARDSVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH. Dr. Benjaraiu F. Edwards came from Kentucky, and set- tled in EJwardsville March 19, 1827. At this time, the number of Baptists living in Madison county was very small. lu Edwardsville only two were known to profess Baptist sentiments, viz : Mr . John Adams, who had been a member of a Baptist church in the East, and George Kelly, who had been baptized by Rev. J. M. Peck, and held from him a certificate of his baptism. Dr. Edwards, desirous of developing his religious character and of engaging as far as possible, with others in Divine worship.^ngaged in devo- tional meetings with the Methodists, Presbyterians, and Cumberland Presbyterians, in Edwardsville, and enjoyed them. But he could not thus fully satisfy the convictions of his own conscience. Believing that Baptist churches were organized essentially on the New Testament pattern, he corresponded with the Rev. John S. Wilson of Kentucky, and persuaded him to visit Edwardsville in the spring of 1828- Mr. Wilson was then a licentiate of the Mt. Gilead Baptist church, Kentucky, the same church to which Dr. Edwards belonged. A series of meetings were held in Edwardsville, Rock Spring, and other places in the vicinity. Extensive revivals accompanied his labors. In Edwardsville, business houses temporarily suspended and whisky shops were closed. The meetings were held in the court-house. The citizens gen- erally attended, and the most hardened were deeply impressed. The meetings in Edwardsville continued about eight weeks ; about thirty persons were baptized- Among those baptized was Paris Mason, a prominent and influential citizen, and afterward a deacon of the church, and John Adams, sub- sequeijtlv sheriff' of the county, and for many years clerk of the church. Daring these services, a little band of seven persons, looking out upon the future of this valley, deemed it loyalty to Christ to organize a Baptist church. They gathered at the residence of Dr. Edwards, (subsequently the residence of Hon. Joseph Gillespie^ April IS, 1828, and organized the Baptist Church of Edwardsville. Let their names be recorded : Rev. Thomas Ray and wife, Jacob Gonterman and wife, Dr. Benjamin F. EJwards and wife, Eliza A. Fall, subsequently Eliza A. Adams of Alton. The first pastor was Rev. Thomas P. Green. He was succeeded by Rev. Joshua Bradley from New England. Rev. J. B. Smith was the third pastor. He was bjrn in Alexander county, Illinois. Rev. Thomas P. Green persuaded him to come to Elwardsville. At that time he could scarcely read intelligibly. He attended Rev. J. M. Peck's theological school at Rock Spring, but becoming in some way involved in difference of opinion with his teacher, he came to Ed- wardsville and resided and studied with Dr. Edwards, who was accustomed to refer to him humorously as his " theologi- cal student." He served the church two years, aud after- wards settled in Lexington, and Louisville, Kentucky, and other places, and subsequently rose to considerable eminence in the ministry. Among the early pastors of the church. Rev. Alvin Bailey and Rev. George Stacey demand h norable mention. During its early history. Rev. Elijah Dodson, Rev. Hubbell Loomis, Rev. J. il. Peck, Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers and Rev. James Leraen frequently supplied the pulpit. Mr. Wilson's labors resulted in the organization of a church at Rock Spring, now Oak Hill, the residence of Dr. Peck. The Ed- wardsville and Rock Spring churches applied for admission to the Illinois Association, but were refused because they openly advocated and earnestly supported Missions, Bible aud Tract societies, and kindrtd benevolent organizations. These matters with these churches were not made a test of fellowship. Each member was permitted to support, or re- fuse to support, these benevolent enterprises, but as churches, the support was open, earnest and avowed. The rejection of their application for membership in the " Illinois Associa- tion" led these churches, with the Upper Alton Baptist Church, which was organized April 2-5, 1830, to unite in an Association in accordance with their views At that time there was not in the state an Association that openly sup- ported these benevolent enterprises. Hence, October 16, 1830, Edwardsville, Rock Spring and Upper Alton churches met, by delegates, in Edwardsville and organized the Edwardsville Baptist Association, the only organization in the state openly, earnestly, avowedly missionary. True, the Lemens had earlier organized the South District Association, which was friendly to the cause of missions, and at its annual meeting in September, 1829, it passed a resolution commending the American Bible So- ciety to the confidence and support of its members, and in its circular letter, it speaks approvingly of the cause of missions. At the meeting that organized the Edwardsville Association, the following resolution was passed : "Resolved: That the Baptists in this State who are favor- able to a general union of the denomination be affectionately invited, to attend a meeting to be held at Elwardsville, on the Friday before the fourth Lord's day in July next (1831) to consult upon the practicability of such a union." At the same time, James Lemen, J. M. Peck, B. F. Edwards, Georu-e Stacev, and George Smith, were chosen a committee to prepare au aJdresi to the Baptists iu Illinois. A this meeting in July, Rev. John Logan, a Baptist minister from Schuyler county, and the Lemen brothers were present — HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 303 and there was then organized the Illinois Baptist State Convuition, which met at Canton, Fulton county, Illinois, in Nov. Is44, united with the North Western Baptist Convention and formed the Illinois Baptist General Asso- ciation. Dr. Edwards removed from Edwardsville in ISHT. The highest nieniberthip attained up to this date was ahout 50. From 1837 to 1842 the records are scanty. It is affirmed, however, by tlie older citizens whose memory is reliable, that about 1840 it had reached a membership of about 150, and was a strong vigorous body. The first house of worship was built about 18.30, upon a lyt donated by James ^Nlason, to the county commissioners for the use of the Baptist Church. Edwardsville, at an early day numbered among its citizens many whose influence was extensively felt in the early development of the State. Here resided three of the Governors of the State, Ninian Edwards, Gov. Coles, and Gov, Ford. Here also lived Judge Smith, Jesse B. Tliomas, father of Jesse B. Thomas, D. D , of Brooklyn, New York, John Adams, Cyrus Edwards, Paris Mason, Rev. Hubbell LooQiis and others. Among the prominent members of the Church were Paris Mason and wife, Mrs. Judge Smith, Mrs. Thomas (daughter of Judge Smith and mother of Rev. Jesse B. Thomas), Mrs. Erastus Wheeler, Dr. L. D. Boone and wife, sub.!ht members, viz : Ephraini Marsh, ; James D. \V. Marsh, Don Alonzo Spauldiug, Winston Cheatham, Henry Evans, Mrs. Julia A. Spaulding, Mrs. Frances Marsh, and Rachel Garrett. Deacon Don A. Spaulding, now of the Alton City church, is the only one of the number now living. The church was constituted under the name of the " Alton Baptist Church." In 1830, delegates appointed by this church met delegates from the churches of Edwardsville and Rock Spring and formed at Edwardsville, on the 16th October, and days following, " The Edwardsville Baptist Association." In February, 1833, the church dismissed by letter nine members, to unite with others in constituting a Baptist church at Lower Alton. In March, 1834, four were dis- missed, to aid in forming a church on " the Fiasa, or Brown's Prairie," now Brighton church. March, 1837, the church numbered 129, and 12 were dismissed to form a church in the " Wood River settlement," named the " Bethel" church. In May, 1864, a branch of the church was formed near the mouth of Wood River, at a preaching station of theo- logical students; and in June, 1867, forty-one were dis- missed, to constitute this branch — an independent church, first named " Gibraltar," afterwards " Miltou." This church has since become extinct. For about two years the church held its meetings in a log cabin, and fur three or four years more in the old brick school-house ; also, in the " meeting room " in Lower Alton, and occasionally at private dwellings in the Wood River set- tlement. January, 1836, the church resolved to build a sub- stantial stone house. 45x60 ft. with basement. This house was dedicated in Jan. 1837. Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers preached the sermon, and Prof. Washington Leverett offered the prayer of dedication. The church occupied this house thirty two years. In January, 1868, the church resolved to build a new house of worship, a frame, 50x80 ft., with a chapel in rear of fitting proportions, all in the Norman style of architecture, and at a cost, including lot, not over $12,- 000. It was dedicated with appropriate services May 30, 1869, the pastor, N. M. Wood, D. D., preaching the sermon. PASTORS AND SUPPLIES. Rev. George Stacey supplied the pulpit on alternate Sab- baths from April, 1830, to June 3, 1831, and was its first pastor, supplying alternate Sabbaths. He continued in this relation four months. — Additions, 19. Rev. Alvin Bailey commenced preaching early in 1832, when the church held its meetings alternately at Upper and Lower Alton. He retained the double pastorate until April 18-34. — Additions 9. Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers from November 1834, to the close of 1838.— Additions 176. Jonathan Merriam from November 1839, until November 1840. — Additions 49. A years vacancy followed, after which Rev. Adiel Sher- wood was pastor two years. — Additions, 55. Then after an in- terval of nearly three years Rev. Jesse W. Dennison filled the office for one year — Additions, 18. Another vacancy of a year was followed by the pastorate of Rev Jeremy F. Tol- man one and one-half years— Additions, 17. After the lapse of six months his son Rev. John N. Tolman served two years — Additions 41. A vacancy of two and one-half years was followed by the pastorate of Rev. Isaac Woodbury, one year- Additions, 10. After two or three months, Rev. Daniel Read served as pastor two and one-half years — Additions, 64. Rev. Wm. B Smith was his successor, two and one-half years— Additions, 25. After a vacancy of two years. Rev. J. Bulkley served two years— Additions, 92, and 21 received into the branch at Gibraltar. During the last half year of 1806, Rev. E. C. Mitchell was the ".stated supply."— Addi- tions, 20 During the year 1867, Rev. R. E Pattison was "stated supply " — Additions 38, and to the branch at Gib- raltar 28— Then till May 1868, Rev. E. C. Mitchell was stated supply— Additions 10. In May, 1868, Rev. N. M. Wood became pastor and served one and one-half years — Additions 111. During the next three months the pulpit was supplied conjointly by Drs. Kendrick, Wood, Bulkley and Prof Stifler, all Professors in Shurtleff' College — Additions 5. Then Prof. Stifler was stated supply ten months, then regular pastor six and one-half months — Additions 90. After a va- cancy of five months during which the pulpit was supplied by Prof J. C. C. Clarke and others, (additions 17) Rev. David T. Morrill became pastor Nov. 1st, 1876, and at present, July, 1882, holds that relation. The additions under his ministry have been 116. It will thus be seen that the church has had fifteen regu- lar pastors, whose aggregate pastorates amount to 34 years ; also several acting pastors who have officiated about three years. The church has been without a pastor, at different intervals, about fifteen and one-half years. During these periods the Professors and Theological students have gener- ally supplied the pulpit, with additions amounting to 174. Deacons. — The church has had 12 deacons, seven of whom have died. George Smith served 30 years, died in 1860. Don A. Spaulding served three years, tl^eu joined the Alton church, still living; George Haskell, elected in 1834, served three years, removed to Rockford and is dead. Benjamin Green, elected in 1837, died in 1854. Alvin Olcott, elected in 1862, served 5i years, then united with the Alton city church and is dead. Warren Leverett, elected in 1852, served till his death in November 1872. Joseph M- El well, elected in 18.55, served till his death in 1866. H. N. Ken- dall, elected in 18.58, served till his death in October 1876. Jo.seph Burton, elected in 1858, resigned in 1873. Eliaha Whittlesey, elected in 1874, removed to Highland, 111., in 1875. Asa R. Steele, elected in March 1873, still in office. Joseph H. Weeks, elected September 1^-76, still in office. Sabbath-Schools.— la 1830, a union Sabbath school was HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 305 formed by Baptists and Presbyterians. Tiiis continued in harmony for five years. In 1855 the Presbyterians, with entire good feelings withdrew to organize a school of their own. From that date the church has sustained their own school. Its numbers and prosperity have varied, yet the school has generally exibited agood degree of prosperity and energy. It has been the nursery of the church — During the last forty years probably three-fourths of the additions to the church have come from the Sabbath-school. Summary, to December 25th, 1881. Constituent members 8, added by baptism, 642, added by letter, 540, total, 1190. The number dismissed by letter who have not returned 672 Dropped because long absent and residence unknown 62. Excluded 71; Died 121. Present number, December 25, 1881, 270. The number of niiuisters, members of the church, ordained before they became members, has been 45 The number ordained while members, and ihose ordained after their dissmission is 72 — so large a number of ministers connected at different times with this church arises from the fact of its intimate relations to ShurtlefT College. It has thus exerted unmeasured influence in the development and progress of the Baptist Denomination. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF ALTON. This Church was constituted March 10, 1833, with 19 members, viz; Ebenezer Marsh, Ephraira Marsh, William Manning, Wm. Hayden, D. A Spaulding, Henry Evans, and their wives — also Mark Pierson, Stephen Griggs, Herman Griggs, R Johnson, Jo?eph S. King, James W. D. Marsh, and Mary D. Bruner. Rev. J. M. Peck was present at this meeting. The church adopted the summary of faith and practice of the second Baptist church of Boston, Mass. Rev. Alviu Bailey was the first pastor, and served till April 1834. Rev. Hubbell Loomis supplied till the follow- ing fall In November, 1834, Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers be- come pastor of the two churches at Upper and Lower Alton. He resigned in December, 1835. Rev. D wight Ives, from June 1836 till May 1839. This pastorate, however, was very successful. For more than a year the church was supplied by Washington Leverett, and Zenas B. Newman, Professors in ShurtleflT College. Gideon B. Perry served from J-inuary, 1841, till some time in 1843; he subsequently entered the ministry of the Episcopal church. Then Rev. Adiel Sherwood, President of ShurtleflP College, supplied the church two years. Rev. Otis Hackett was pastor from April 1845, to April 1847. Rev Robert F. Ellis became pastor in October 1847, and served six years. During a vacancy of more than a year, Professor Washington Leverett and Rev. Silas C. James served aa supplies. Rev. R. R. Coon was pastor from January, 1855, a little more than four years. An interval of one year' followed, during which time Rev. Dr. N. M. Wood, Ex-President, and Dr. Read, President of Shurtleflf College, supplied alternately. In 1860. Rev. Melvin Jameson became pastor, and served until 1869, when he resigned to enter the service of the Amer. Bapt. Missionary Union, as their Missionary to Burmah. This pastorate was vigorous and successful — During his pastorate 99 were baptized and 71 received by letter. 3j Rev. N. Butler became pastor io the fall of 1869, and con- tinued until December 1872. Revivals were enjoyed, and the membership of the church increased from 193 to 235. On the 12th of October, 1873, Thomas G Field, re- cently from Newton Theological Institution, was ordained. The membership increased from 233 to 323, a gain of 90. Continued as the pastor till spring of 1879, and was followed by Rev. L. A. Abbott, the present pastor. HOUSES OF WORSHIP. At first the meetings were held in Lyceum Hall, corner of Second and Alby streets. Then, for several months, it occupied the stone meeting-house owned by Capt. Benjamia Godfrey, corner of Market and Third streets. In 1834, their first meeting-house was erected on the cor- ner of Third and Alby streets. The building would accommodate about two hundred and fifty persons. It was sold to the Methodists for 88,000. In 1836, a lot was purchased on the corner of Second and Easton streets, at a cost of §6.500, and a building erected costing SlS,000; making total cost, $24,500. This house was destroyed by fire in March, 1860. The bell, organ, town-clock, etc., all perished in the flames. The building was insured for $3,000. In December, 1860, the church occupied the basement of their present house of worship, and the house itself was completed and dedicated to God the first Sabbath in Septem- ber, 1867. Rev. Dr. Everts, of Chicago, preached in the morning and Rev. Dr. G. Anderson, of St. Louis, in the evening. The house is substantially built of brick, will comfortably accommodate three hundred and fifty persons, and cost, with furniture, §12,600 About $900 of this amount was provided by the Ladies' Sewing Circle. A liberal portion was contributed by citizens who were not members of the church. The house was dedicated free from debt. HOME AND MISSION SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. From the beginning, this church has given most earnest support to the cause of Sunday-schools. The church has conducted, uninterruptedly, a flourishing home Sunday-school during its entire existence. Its roll has often exhibited the names of two hundred and fifty scholars, with twenty -three teachers, and an average attendence of one hundred and sixty. Stephen Pierson was superintendent for more than twenty years, until impaired health compelled him to resign. The school contributes regularly to the cause of Foreign Missions. The church, in addition to the home school, has conducted several mission schools About the year 1849, a mission school began with the African Baptist Church, which was successfully conducted for many years. In 1860, a mission school was begun in Middletown by John L. Blair, in a hired room. In 1862, a lot was purchased and a suitable house erected, at a cost of about 8550. In 1875, a mission school wa,s established in Hunterstown, under the superintendence of Carey Emerson. A building was erected at a cost of $1,250. The school averaged one 306 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. hundred and twenty five scholars, and sixteen teachers. Improvements and enlargements were made to the building, ) subsequeutly, at a cost of about §820- B. W. Smith suc- ceeded Mr. Emerson as superintendent in September, 1879, and served till 1880, when Dr. R. Gibson became superin- tendent, and is at present conducting the^school with marked success. At times the number in attendance reaches three hundred. An adjoining lot has recently been purchased, at a cost of $250. In 1859, a church was formed at Coal Branch by members from this church. Dismissed for that purpose seventeen in number. A commodious house was soon built, a pastor secured, an encouraging Sabbath-school organized, and a good congregation gathered. The church at Coal Branch has had a varied history, prospering at times until its mem- bership reached seventy, and again in adversity until its existence was imperilled. KELIGIOUS VISITATION, TRACT DISTRIBUTION, PLAN OF BENEVOLENT OPERATION. INIany of its members, for considerable periods of time, have engaged in the work of family visitation. This is accompanied with tract distribution, religious conversation, and prayer, as circumstances will allow. At one time 28 persons, mostly females, were engaged in this service. In all its history, the church has given earnest and efficient aid to all the various benevolent enterprizes of the denomina- tion. To the cause of missions it has given one of its pastors. Rev. Melvin Jameson and his wife — one of its licentiates. Rev. Judson Benjamin, and one of its most promising young women, Miss Emma Inveen. Its plan of benevolence, in theory, embraces the idea of a contribution weekly, from every member, as each is pros- pered. The church has ever been especially interested in the Illinois Baptist Educational Society, and in Shurtleff College. Its money has been liberally given, and many of its members have always been on the Board of Trustees of the College. It is in fact difficult to see how the College could have prospered without their service and money freely and cheerfully given. OFFICERS. Deacons ivith the date of their Election. — Ephraim Marsh, April 20th, 1333. Don A. Spaulding, Dec 25th, 1834 Wm. Manning, Feb. 20th, 1835. Jonas R. Gale, Nov. 8th, 1836. B. F. Edwards and Eben. Marsh, April 27th, 1838. B. F. Edwards, D. A. Spaulding, Eben. Marsh, Wm. Man- ning, and Richard Flagg, Feb. 4th, 1842. T. C Morrison, Feb. 26th, 1855. John Woodruff and John L. Blair, Feb. 20th, 1872. Ira H. Keizer and Henry A. Cheney, Nov. 27 th, 1876. NORTH ALTON BAPTIST CHURCH, FORMERLY COAL BRANCH. This Church was really a Colony from the Alton Baptist Church. In 1859 Thomas Dunford and wife, and Robert Mitchell and wife were dismissed from the .•\lton Baptist Church, to unite in forming a church at Coal Branch. Soon afterward several from Coal Branch were baptized, and on the 21st of March, 1859, the church was organized with 17 members. Rev. H. Gallagher, then a student in Shurtlefl' Co'leae, served them for a considerable period, while pursuing a course of study. Since his pastorate, the history of the church has been at times prosperous, and at other times in great adversity. At considerable expense they built a good, commodious house of worship on the land of Thomas Dun- ford, who agreed to give the church a deed to the pro- perty His death prevented the fulfillment of the pro- mise, and the church has never been able to obtain the deed. After Mr. Gallagher's pastorate, the greatest degree of prosperity attained was probably under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Place, and the darkest period under the Rev. Mr. Austermel, when the church became almost extinct. About two years since Joseph Bevan, a student in Shurtleff College, began to preach to them. Prosperity is being en- joyed. His labors are appreciated and blessed — congrega- tions are large. A flourishing Sabbath-school is in successful operation, and everything indicates increase in numbers and in power. The present membership is about 25. With the exception of Mr. Austermel, the pastoral labor has been almost exclusively performed by students from Shurtleff College. TEO\ BAPTI.ST CHURCH. The Baptist church at Troy was organized in 1833 by El- ders Joseph and James Lemen with fifteen members at the house of John Lindly, near Silver Creek in Madison county. It received the name of the " Union Baptist Church of Christ, Friends to Humanity." They called themselves " Friends to Humanity, " because of their opposition to American slavery. Beftre the church removed to Troy many precious revival seasons were enjoyed, and many were gathered into the church under the labors of different ministers. The Church records furnish the names of the following ministers who served the church either as pastors or as sup- plies, viz : James Lemen, Joseph Lemen, Charles Lucy, Samuel Wood, John Padon, A. B. Harris, T. W. B. Daw- son, Elijah Dodson, E. J. Palmer, John H. Mize, W. D. Ross, Niles Kinne, George Silver, J. W. Chapin, J. H. Mize, second time, T. W. B. Da\\sou, a second time and — Caster. Its licentiates are as follows, viz : Lynn Craig, William Vanhonser, Valentine Vanhooser, Asa Parker, Charles Lucy, Lyman Barber and John H. Mize But two ministers have been ordained at the call of the church ; John Padon and J. H. Mize. AVhen the church removed to Troy in 1846, it gave up its name Uninn and assumed its present name Troy. Its first meeting-house was a frame, and also the second at Troy. Tiie second was built under many difficulties. It was dedicated in 1849, Rev. Elijah Dodsnn preaching the ser- mon. Its third house is a frame a0xo3, eighteen feet ceiling, belfry and spire sixty feet higii — built at a cost of about 82600. It was dedicated early in 1877, Rev. J. Bulkley preaching the sermon. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 307 The following persons have served as clerks, viz : William Renfro, Jolin Vanhooser, Valentine Vanhooser, Gideon Flowers, William M. Lindly, J. B. Edgar, William M. Gonternian, T. W. B. Dawson, James Seybold and Deacon William A. Wilson. — Rev. T. W. B. Dawsou is the present clerk. The following have acted as Deacons: William Skinner, Isaac Renfro, Abraham Vanhooser, George Bradshaw, Caleb Gonterman, Andrew Waddle, Charles B. Street, Lyman Barber and William A. Wilson. Its present Deacons are William Waddle and John Seybold. Before the church removed to Troy a few brethren engaged in Sabbath-school work, but it was some time after it removed before it had its own Sabbath-school. For several years the teachers elected the officers and governed the school; of late years the Sab- bath-school has been under the direct control of the church. From the organizition of the church in 1833 with fifteen members, (most of whom are dead, and none of whom are now members) till 1S70 this church exerted a precious and lasting influence, and since that period many precious seasons of religious interest have been enjoyed. Its pastons have been among the most spiritual and useful in central or southern Ulincis. Many of its members have been persons of wealth, culture and high social position- The church however has become greatly weakened by removal and death. At present it has no pastor and no preaching. Its nominal membership is about seventy — twenty of whom are non-residents, and their present place of residence unknown, leaving the actual membership about fifty. THE BETHALTO BAPTIST CHURCH. Ever since the constitution of a Baptist church on Wood River in 1807 by Elder Wm. Jones, the vicinity of Bethalto has engaged the labor of different Baptist ministers whose efforts have been successful. The Bethalto church had its origin in preexisting material derived from these earlier la- bors. It was constituted February 4, 1874, with twenty-one members. At first it met for worship in the C. P. meeting- house, until 1875. Its present house of worship, a neat substantial frame, was commenced September, 1874, com- pleted at a cost, including furniture, of S3G00, and dedicated July 25, 1875. Deacons. — Its first Deacons were C. H. Flick, Jasper Starkey and James McKee, elected June 18, 1874, f >r one year, but continued in office two years. June 18, 1876, C. H. Flick, James Jones and George Taylor were elected. Deacon Taylor died in the fall of 1879. The present Dea- cons are C. H. Flick and James Junes. The number of members admitted to the church up to the present time, July 18S2, including the constituent mem- bers (21) is ninety-three, present membership fifty. It has a good Sabbath school of sixty-three scholars, and seven teachers. Superintendent, F. B. Black. Its pastors have been Monroe Starkey and J. H. Mize, and perhaps others. It is at present supplied once each month by Rev. J. Bulkley, of Upper Alton. It occupies an important field, and ought by the Divije blessing to become a strong church. THE COLLINSVILLE BAPTIST CHURCH. At the annual meeting of the South District Association, September, 1857, the church of CoUiiisville sought admission to the Association with thiriy member.s. Rev. D. M. Howell, pastor, L. W. Scanland, William Thompson and J. M. Johnson delegates. The church was charged with, or at least suspected of heresy. Rev. E. J. Palmer appeared as the principal accuser. Their application was referred to a select committee of seven persons, viz : J. Peters, C. J. Kelly, H. S. Deppe, L. Sleeper, M. Ely, J. W. Thwing and S. Roach, which committee reported that the charge was without foundation and they recommended that the church be received. The report was adopted and the church re- ceived. Its first pastor was Rev. D. M. Howell, who served them with great acceptance and fidelity, from the organiza- tion of the church until laid aside by a fatal disease which terminated his life, June 7, 1S6G. Rev. F. Hill and Rev. L. C. Carr, have also successfully guided the church in the pastoral relation, as have others. It present pastor is Rev. J. Cole. Previous to 1864 it had received by baptism thirty four, by letter, twenty-two ; it had dismissed seven, excluded seven- teen, and lost two by death. It had greatly increased in membership until in 1864 it numbered sixty-seven, since that period its history has been a peculiar one. At one time discordant elements endangered its existence. In 1870 it enjoyed a precious revival. Nine were baptized and ten received by letter, and the church numbered ninety six. Another revival was enjoyed under the labors of L. C. Carr, in 1874 ; seventeen were baptized and eight received by letter ; the church then numbered seventy. A period of declension followed, and in 1876 its number had diminished to fifty-five. Such is the history of most of our churches. Revivals and declensions follow each other at longer or shorter intervals. Its present prospects are hopeful. THE MX. OLIVE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized May 31st, 1851, by Elders J. V. Rhoads and John Brown, three miles east of Upper Alton. It organized with 48 members. Most of this num- ber have died, or moved away, six only remaining, viz : Nancy Deck, Lydia Williams, Eliza Deymon, Joseph Sherfy, James Jones, and Thomas Jenkinson. The pastors have been Rev. John Brown, from Mav 1851 to 1856. Rev. A. C. Rafferty, from Oct. 1856 to Dec. 1857. Rev. J. V. Rhoads, from April 1858 to Aug. 1858. Rev. A. C. Raflerty, from Nov. 1858 to Aug. 1861. Rev. John Brown, from Dec. 1861 to Jan. 1863. Rev. Swift Brown and others, supplied to Jan. 1866. Rev., F. M. Long from Jan. 1866 to Jan. 1867. Rev. Whi ing, from Feb' 1868 to Jan. 1869. Rev. Grear, from Feb. 1869 to Sept.' 1869. Rev. G. P. Hanks, from Oct. 1869 to Aug. 1870. Rev. J. S Deck, from Feb. 1871 to Sept. 1871. Rev. Worley, from Nov. 1871 to Aug. 1872. Rev. Levi Jlitchell, from April 1873 to April 1874. Rev. W. P. Crawford, from Oct. 1875 to Jan. 1878. Rev. J. H. Mize, from Oct. 1878. Rev. John R. Jones, from Feb. 1880 to Feb. 1881. 308 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Deacons were Madison Williams, chosen June 1851 ; Richard Young, chosen Nov 1851 ; John Norton, Jan. 1860; T. Jenkinson and B. F. Gulp, July 1864; C. H, Flick and G. T. N. Harris, April 1868. The church has ordained three ministers. L. M. Whit- ing and J. S. Deck, in May 1868, and Green P. Hanks, in May 1869. It has licen.^ed the following: J. S. Deck, 1865; G. P. Hanks, 1868; Thomas and Joseph Deck, 1808, and A. Hill, in 1869. The church united with the Apple Creek Association in August 1851. Whole number baptized, 232 ; received by letter, 49 ; by experience, 23; dismissed, 115: excluded, 126; died, 49. Present number, 79. Its house of worship is a frame build- ing, 40 by 60 f.et; built at a cost of about $1,500. Its present officers are : Deacons, Thomas Jenkinson and T. N. Harris. Clerk, J. S. Gulp. THE STAUNTON BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was constituted in July, 1852, and in Se_p- tember of the same year it joined the Edwardsville Asso- ciation with sixty-three members, forty-five of whom had been recently baptized. J. V. Hopper, pastor, A. Deas, C. Sawyer and T. Caulk messengers. J. V. Hopper was pastor most of the time till 1856. William J. Roseberry, from 1857 till 1861. From 1861 to 1864 the church was without a pastor, but had occasional surplies. In 1864 F. M. Wadly was pastor. In 1865 Hopper, Wadly and Roseberry were supplies. In 1866 F. Hill, a student at Shurtleff College supplied half of the time. In 1867 and 1868 the church failed to report. In 1869 S. K. Fuson was pastor, and before his pastorate the church must have become extinct, as the baptisms re- ported are thirty-two, and the whole number but thirty- eight. Then follows a season of great declension. For six years the church makes no report to the Association. In 1876 it recognized and reported an addition by baptism, let- ter and restoration, twelve, and the entire number twenty- six. The previous winter Rev. G. P. Hanks held a series of meetings with the forgoing result. D. P. Jones was pastor in 1877. In 1878and 1879 it was not represented. In 1880 G. G. Dougherty was pastor. In 1881 no representation. In 1855 it reached its highest number, sixty-three, and at that time began to build a meeting-house. It proved a very great burden. The work progressed with great diffi- culty until 1860. A heavy debt remained which was diffi- cult to be borne. Through the effijrts of Rev. J. H. Mize the debt was removed in 1864. Then the angry contentions growing out of the war produced coldness, alienations and division until the church was well nigh destroyed. Much of the time it has had a severe struggle for life. The wliole number reporied a.s baiilized 70 '' " " added by letter 34 " " " experience and restoration 19 " " '' dismissed 33 " " " excluded and dropped 38 " " " died 11 Number reported in 1880 18 No report to the Association in 1882. THE NEW HOPE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church is near the present town of Worden. It was constituted as early as 1840, as it appears in that year in the minutes of the South District Association with sixteen members. Its delegates were J. O. English and I. E. Sharp. Duriug the first ten years of its existence till 1851 it was connected with the South District Association. Dur- ing this period it possessed a good degree of spiritual vigor, its membeiship increasing from sixteen to forty-seven. The greatest number baptized in any one year during this period was sixteen, in the year 1843. In 1844 J. 0. English appears as a licentiate. From 1851 to 1863 the church enjoyed very great spirituality. Rev. J. V. Hopper was pastor from 1851 to 1859. Duriug this period 129 were baptized, forty six by letter, twenty-two by experience and restoration, fifty-eight were dismissed, twenty-seven excluded, four dipped, iourteen died. Its number had about doubled, passing from sixty- five to 125. The highest number recorded was in 1858 when the church reported 128 members. During this pe- riod the church was engaged earnestly in Sabbath -schools. In 1852 it had two licentiates, J. O. English and Barber. Its house of worship was completed in 1853, and the debt upon it paid off in 1854. In June 1856 William J. Rose- berry, who had been previously licensed was ordained. The largest number baptized during Elder Hopper's administra- tion was in the years 1853 and 1858 ; in the former, thirty- six, in the latter thirty-two. In 1860 William J. Roseberry became pastor and served until 1863 or 1864. During his pastorate, eighteen were baptized, four received by letter, seven by experience and restoration, ten were dismissed, fourteen excluded, five died, leaving the church in 1863 reduced to 1 10. At this time so sharp was the contention about the war of the rebellion that the church became almost extinct, and ceased to be re- presented in the Association, except by messengers without statistics. From 1865 until 1873 when Rev. G. P. Hanks was its pastor, it reported a membership of thirty-three. For several years during the war it held no meetings. Since 1873 it has exhibited some vitality, and exerted some influence. " How pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity." Since 1873 or 1874 it has been connected with the Apple Creek Association. In 1875 it reported a membership of sixty one. BETHLEHEM BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was constituted in March 1851. The follow- ing May it united with the Edwardsville Association with tweaty-four members. Rev. Luke Dillard was its pastor and William Coltharand A. J. Smalley delegates. During HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 809 the previous winter an interesting revival had been enjoyed. Rev. Luke Dillard continued to be its pastor till ls64, when the church ceased to represent itself in the Association. During this period it had reported twenty-seven baptized and seven deaths. From 18.53 to 18.')9 its number varied but very little. lu 1853 they were thirty-seven ; in 1854 thirty- seven. They never went below this number nor above thirty-nine till 1859, when a revival of religion resulting in the baptism of twelve persons increased their membership to fifty-one. In 1866 Rev. Luke Dillard made in the Association a verbal report to the effect that the church was nearly ex- tinct, and henceforth it does not appear in the minutes of the A.ssociation. BETHLEHEM UNITED BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was constituted August 17, 1S49, by Elders Jacob V. Rhoads and R. G. Keele, with twenty-one mem- bers, as follows: John P. Liwrence, Jesse Lawrence, Delila Lawrence, William Jones, Margaret Jones, Elizabeth Jones, Sarah C. Jones, William Wright, Louisa Wright, Joseph Barckley, William F. Rawson, Henry Jackson, James Jack- son, William Squires, Mary Brown, Elizabeth Adams, Mary Lawrence, Elizabeth Seago, Elizabeth Brown and Saloh Jackson. For many years this church enjoyed a very high degree of pro-perity, and numbered in its membership many of the first citizens of that part of the county situated immediately south of Bethalto. In 1851 it numbered 102 ; in 1852, 103 ; in 1853, lOG, and the number of members that had joined the church up to 1854 was 169, which added to the constituent membership made the whole number received, 190. In 1858, it had a membership of 13S ; soon after this it began to decline, and in 1865, during the war, it was reduced to 80. It never regained its former vigor. In 1868 it was reduced to 49. In 1872 it had increased to 60; in 1875, 51 ; in 1876, 44. Its present number is not large. On the fourth Saturday, in September, 1850, steps were taken to build a church. Jesse St^rkey, David Starkey and William Jones were elected trustees, and also a building committee. The same persons were appointed a committee to receive the deed from James Jones, and to have the same recorded. The church was a frame, 20x36 feet. They began to build in the fall of 1850, and completed it in the spring of 1851. Prior to this time they held services at the Jackson school-house, (T. 5, R. 6). The pastors of this church have been R. C. Keele, followed by John Brown, who served eleven years ; then John R. Jones, grandson of Elder Wm. Jones, four or five years ; Thomas Greer, about one year ; T. W. Jones, G. P. Hanks, three or four years ; Thomas M. Marsh, then G. G. D.)ugherty as a supply. Its Deacons : David Starkey, William Wright, James Saunders, William Jones, J. P. Owens, Samuel Matthews and others. The highest membership recorded by this church approximated 150. THE BAPTIST CHURCH OF NEW DOUGLAS. We find thb church in the minutes of the Apple Creek Association in 1872, with Elders T. Bennett and G- P. Hanks, and a membership of 85. In 1875 its membership had increased to 118, the third in numbers of an association of thirty-six churches. This church has experienced pre- cious seasons of Divine grace, has numbered in its member- ship many most excellent citizens, and has exerted wide control. Information, however, has not been obtained to give a specific and accurate history. THE GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH OF FOSTERBURG. This church was organized with fifteen members, in 1857. Its constituent members were : Carl Hummert and wife, August Ploeger and wife, Henry Niemeier and wife, Philip Stobs and wife, Carl Schobs and wife, William Gabriel and wife, Herbert Keiser, John Voss and Wilhelmine Wortman. Eight of these are still living members of the church. Carl Schobs was the first pastor. He served a brief period. Henry Williams, Sr. was the second pastor. He was or- dained by the church April I, 1861. He served till Feb ruary 2, 1^74. Carl Becker was ordained and became pastor August 12, 1874, and served till June 16, 1875. He was followed by Henry Schulz, who was ordained by the church and became pastor, March 30, 1876, and served until October 25, 1880. J. F. Hoefflin, from Iowa, became pastor October 1, 1881, and is still in that office. H Keiser, H. Kiemeier and A. Ploeger have served as deacons. Ditlerent persons have served as clerk. E, Peters is the present clerk. The whole number baptized is eighty-four. The whole number received by letter and experience, forty-nine. The whole number dismissed, excluded and died. 111. Of those excluded fifteen have been restored. Present number fifty- two. The church is and has always been in full sympathy with all benevolent societies of the Baptist denomination, but her sympathies are most earnestly given to the work of Evangelization among the Germans of the United Slates. Its Sabbath school is prosperous. It numbers from fifty to sixty pupils, and has from five to eight teachers. H. Keiser is superintendent. The church has a good brick meeting- house, and a frame parsonage. The prospects of the church are hopeful to a good degree. Present trustees: Philip Newhaus, John Krieg, Charles Galike. Clerk, E. Peters. PLEASANT RIDGE BAPTIST CHURCH. This church is in the vicinity of St. Jacobs. It first ap- pears in the minutes of the South District Association in 1844, with 25 members, of whom 3 had been recently bap- tized. Its delegates were J Lindly, W. M. Lindly, and T. Steele. Its pastors have been Joseph Lemen, M. Ely, C. J. Kelly, H. Thomp.son, J. B. White, J. H. Mize, W. D. Ross, H. S. Deppe, and perhaps others. Its licentiates, W. M. Lindly, O. Ely, N. Linkumfelter. Previous to 1864, it had reported 124 received by baptism — 67 by letter — 14 by experience and restoration. It had dismissed 50 — excluded 45, and lost 14 by death. The highest number of members reported was in 1857, 116. 310 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Since 1864, its history, like most others, has been one of prosperity and adversity, revival and declension. In 1873-4, the number reported as baptized, within the asso- ciational year, was 42, and its membership was 134. Two years later, according to the minutes of the Association, its membership was reduced to 2.5. The church exerted a very salutary influence in the community where located. paddock's prairie. About 183G or 1837, a small church was constituted on Taddock's Prairie. It united with the Edwardsville Asso- ciation in 1837, with nine members. Zenas Webster, and Elihu J. Palmer, brother of the Governor, were its first dele- gates. In the minutes of 1838, the name of Elihu J. Palmer appears as a licensed minister from this church, from whicir I conclude that from this church he receiv- ed license to preach — and by this church he was ordained at Paddock's Prairie, August 24th, 1840, and became its pastor. In 1843, Rev. R. Kimball become pastor. During this year the church reached its highest number, 31 ; and in 1845 it ceased to be represented in the Associa- tion. Although its membership was always small, yet its influence was extensive and salutary. rattan's prairie. In 1849, the church at Rattan's Prairie, recently organized, ■wasadmitted to the Edwardsville Association, with 13 mem- bers Its pastor was Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers, and its delegate Luther Lyon. A few months previous to the meeting of the Association, in May 18.51, the church dissolved, and its mem- bers united with another church in the vicinity, which belonged to the Apple Creek Association. providence, near CHOUTEAU ISLAND. This church was organized by Rev. Ebenezer Rodgers in 1843. It entered the Edwardsville Association that year, ■with nine members. Elder Rodgers looked after its inter- ests until 1844, when the high water scattered its members and they never again were re-united. One of the few Bap- tist churches destroyed by excess of water. THE MILTON BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized October 23, 1869, in the Amer- ican Bottom, below Alton. It joined the Edwardsville Association in 1870 with twenty-nine members. Rev. Cain preached before the church was organized from Nov. 1808 to June 1869. W. W. Reagan was pastor in 1870 and in 1871. In 1871 the church by dismissal, by death, and by exclusion was reduced to the number of fifteen, and in 1872 it became practically extinct. FORKS OF WOOD RIVER. This church was organized in 1836. It came into the Edward-sville Association in 1S37 with sixteen members. It reported in 1838 with fifteen, in 1839 sixteen, in 1840, Aaron Trabue pastor, sixteen ; in 1841 sixteen were baptized, and the number was increased to twenty-six. In 1*42 Rev. Aaron Trabue was again pastor, and the church enjoyed a good degree of spiritual prosperity. Thir- teen were baptized and the number was thirty-six. This seems to have been its zenith of power and influence. From this time it began to decline, and in 1845 it disappeared from the minutes of the Association. CARPENTER BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized by Rev. G. G. Daugherty, January 1st, 1882, at the residence of David Nix, in Hamel Township. Its constituent members were, Wm. Mize, Miss Sarah Mize, Fred. Mitchell, Mrs. Fred Mitchell ; total four. The church has received three by baptism ; present number seven. Rev. G. G. Daugherty labored as pastor from the organization till April, when Rev. G. Steele, of Upper Alton, became missionary pastor. THE UNION BAPTIST CHURCH OF ALTON {Colored). This church was organized at the house of Charles Ed- wards, in Upper Alton, in the summer of 1836, with ten members, viz: Mr. Ogle, Eben. Rotgers, Mr. Edwards and wife, Alfred Richardson, Mr. Mariman, two by the name of Leraen, Wm. Barton and Wm. Johnson. The church im- mediately removed to Alton and located on Alby and Eas- ton streets between 3d and 4th. After a brief period it re- moved to Middletown, and again returned to Alton. It then located on 3d street between George and Alton streets. Their first house of worship was a small frame — they at present own and occupy a good substantial frame house. The church has never been large, but it has exerted a very beneficial in- fluence upon the colored population of the city. At times a very good degree of religious prosperity has been enjoyed, and in a revival in 1843, the church received twenty-nine members. Its first deacons were Wm. Johnson, who served about twenty years, and Wm. Barton, who served ten years, and then removed to Piasa. About the year 1851 J. M. Kelley was elected. The fol'owing have been pastors of the church in the order named : Livingstone, Robinson, Anderson, James H. John- son. Wilbert Steward, R. J. Robinson, a second time, Elder Bolden, James P. Johnson, J. Henry McGee, James P John- son, a second time, Henry Howard, R. T. Robinson, G. W. Clarke and Elder Pierraaii, who is the present pastor. Colo- nies from this church have established churches at Galena, at Quiucy, and near St. Charles, Missouri. Among the mem- bers of this church have been quite a number of men who have been good citizens of Alton, and excellent representa- tives of their race. THE SALEM BAPTIST CHURCH ON WOOD RIVER, ( Colored). The date of the organization of this church is May ?>, 1846, with eleven members. Its history is similar to the Union Baptist Church of Alton— both colored. It has never been large, but has exhibited a good degree of religious zeal and activity. The Wood River Association, (colored), has been held with it several times. It has exerted a very salutary influence upon the colored people of this section of country. Some of its ministers have been men of marked ability and earnest devotion to their work. At an early day they built a small house of worship, which they occupied until the social, financial and numerical standing of the church de- manded a better house. Their present house is of brick, 24 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 311 by 36 feet; 13 inch wall, 14 feet in the clear ; built about 1870— and is without debt. The present membership of the church is about 46. This is the home of Rev. James P. Johnson, who at present looks after the spiritual interests of the churcli. 1 1 SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH OF UPPER ALTON, (Colored). j In May, 1868, the Second Baptist Church was organized at the Salem school-house in Upper Alton. The constituent mem- bers were nine, all of whom had been regularly dismissed for that purpose, by the Alton City Union Baptist Church. The names of the nine constituent members were as follows : Cyrus M Howard and wife, Jno. A. Howard ; W. Scott and wife ; Eliza Grason ; Mary A. Wilson ; Martha Broner ; J Martha Foster ; James Brown. The council that organized ; them was composed of Rev. Washington Leverett ; Rev. Tilbury ; Rev. H. C. Hazen, and Geo. A. Cressy. Subsequently they were recognized as a regular Baptist Church, by a council convened in the meeting-house of the First Baptist Church of Upper Alton. Rev. R. E Patti- son, D. D., preached the sermon, and Rev. Melvin Jameson gave the hand of fellowship. In 1869 they completed a neat frame-house of worship, at a cost of SI, 400. The house is 36 by 56 feet, with 14 feet ! ceiling. In the completion of their house of worship^ they received liberal aid from outside parties. The house was dedicated in Sept. 1869. Rev. Dr. Read, President of Shurtleff College, preached the sermon from Haggai, 2 : 9, " The glory of the latter house shall be greater than the former, saith the Lord of Hosts." Pastars. — J. Robinson, 2 years; W. H. Howard, 1 year; Wm. Webster, 2 years ; W. H. Willitt, 1 year. W. C Carter, six months; J. Stratton and W. H. Willitt have been ordained by the church — and Samuel Hart, licensed. Cyrus M. Howard was the first deacon — others at different times have been chosen, as circumstances demanded. The highest number of membership recorded at any time, 48. Present number, 34. Lost by death, 4. Immediately after the dedication of their meeting-house, a Sabbath-school was organized, which has been kept up till the present time without interruption, with an average of about 20 scholars. There have been in the county a number of other churches, small but influential, whose history could not be secured. The foregoing sketch of the Baptists of Madison county is of neces?ity exceedingly imperfect, arising from the impo.ssibility of procuring accurate and reliable data. The writer has done the best he could with the material at his command. BAPTIST MINISTERS WHO HAVE DIED IN THIS COUNTY. Rev. William Jones is believed to be the first Baptist minister who settled within the limits of what is now Madison county. He was born in Washington county, Virginia, Septendier 12th, 1771. He removed to the Terri- tory of Illinois, as early as 1805, and possibly as early as 1802 He first settled on Shoal creek, near the present town of Greenville, Bond countv. There a fort was built and called Jones's Fort- He settled in Madison county pre- vious to 1S07, making his home on a farm about three miles south of the present town of Bethalto. In the war of 1812, he entered the service of his country and joined a company of Rangers. He was immediately elected captain — under his leadership the company engaged in several sanguinary battles, and with heroic fortitude endured the hardships of the campaign. When the war ended he returned to his farm, and there reared a large family. At the .same time he resumed ministerial work with energy, success and delight. In 1807, before he was aided by Elder David Badgley, he had organized the first Baptist church within the present limits of Madison county, " The B^iptist Church of Wood River. " It belonged to that branch of the Baptist Church who styled themselves '■ United Baptist." His ministrations to this people were performed with great fervor, simplicity and power — many were converted under his ministry. The membership of his church were widely tcattered, but attended the monthly covenant meetings of the church with great regularity and punctuality, often traveling longdis- tances on horseback exposed to attacks from the Indian.s in the wilderness that they might enjoy the means of grace as well as social visitation His nuniory is cheri.'hcd and re- vered by multitudes still living. Although entirely free from political aspirations his marked ability could not per- mit him to remain unnoticed. After the war of 1812 at the earnest solicitations of his friends he was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature of Illinois, and occu- pied a prominent position in that body. In 1818 he was elected a second time to the Legislature. His popularity was such that at one time he was earnestly importuned to become a candidate for Governor of the State. He declined on the ground that it would interfere with the proper dis- charge of his ministerial duties. It is believed by many of his friends that he would have been elected had he con- sented to run for office, because Ninian Edwards refused the use of his name until he learned that Elder Jones absolutely refused to be a candidate. He died January 2d, 1844, in the 73d year of his age. He was a man of decided ability, of unblemished reputation, of unimpeachable integrity of character, and of great personal worth. A moug the men of that time he commanded great respect, and upon them exerted great influence. He is held in great esteem, and his record is referred to with commendable pride by a large number of descendants and personal friends, in whose hearts are en- shrined his excellencies, and over whose development and destiny his character and teachings will exert unavoidable and immeasurable control. Rev. D. M. Howell was converted at the age of fifteen, and immediately felt the prcmptings of duty to preach the gospel, especially in Central and Southern Illi- nois. For the purpose of seeking more thorough prepara- tion he studied two years in Shurtleff' College. He was or- dained at the age of twenty-four. The first four years of his ministerial life were devoted to missionary labor, in which he was very successful. Afterward he was pastor at Bethel and at CoUinsville. He was a man of earnest piety, of ar- dent zeal, of strong mind, of iron will, of untiring industry — 312 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. He was especially fond of laboring in protracted meetings, for which he seemed to possess peculiar adaptation, and in which he was successful. Hundreds were converted under his ministry ; about five hundred of whom he baptized- He was clear, simple, earnest, direct in his preaching. He was geniel and affable in social life, upright and honora- ble in his dealings, stern and uncompromising in his princi- ples, warm and tenacious in his friendships. Hediedof can- cer on the lower lip. The disease was in its progress exceed- ingly slow and painful. His sufferings for weeks were of the most excruciating character. They were borne with great fortitude and Christian resignation until he himself most earnestly prayed for release. He died June 7th, 1806. Rev. Zenas B. Newman was born in Seekonk, Mass., where he spent his early life. He entered Brown Universi- ty in 1830, pursued the entire course of study, but because of conscientious scruples about the distribution of the honors of the class, he with Dwight Ives and others refused to re- ceive his degree. SliurJeff College gave him subsequently the degree of A. M. He came to Alton in 1835, became Principal in the Pre- paratory and Academic departments of Shurtleff College till 1840. In 1841 became Professor of oratory, rhetoric and belles-letters, and filled that office acceptably till his death, in 1844. He died after a protracted illness of consumption, while yet a young man. He was a scholar and Christian minister, whose life promised to be one of great usefulness. He was twice married, first to Misj Ide, of Seekonk, Mass., and again to Miss Carolina Loomis, of Upper Altoni who still lives in the village where he married her. He had one son by each wife, both of whom have also passed away. Rev. Wm. J. Roseberry was born near Louisville, Ky. April 24, 1829. His parents were members of the Metho- dist Episcopal church, although his mother was a Baptist in belief Hence the principles and practices of the Baptists were frequent topics of discussion in the family circle, and were apologized for, and sometimes defended with some degree of interest. This defence on the part of the mother, it is believed, had its effect upon the mind of the son; still the son when converted at seventeen years of age, united with the church of his parents. He soon, however, became confirmed in his Baptist views, and in 1854, when twenty-five years of age, was baptized by Rev. J. V. Hopper, of Bunker Hill, Illinois. Immediately after his baptism his duty to preach was deeply impressed on his mind. His parents having removed to Illinois when he was quite young, his opportunities for intellectual culture were quite limited. He was naturally modest and retiring, hence the struggle was unusually severe. Was ordained to the gospel ministry in 1857. He has served as pastor, the churches of New Hope, New Douglas, Marine, Staunton aud Edivardsville, laboring with a good degree of earnest- ness and success. In the year 1861, he was elected superintendent of schools in Madison County, which office he held until his death, a fact clearly evincing the energy of his own character in view of his want of early culture, and also exhibiting the confi- dence of the people in his ability and culture. As a man he was quiet, industrious, energetic and honest. As a citizen, loyal and earnest in support of the government, while abstaining from earnest partisan political discussions. His disposition was mild and equable to an unusual de- gree, enabling him to secure and retain his brethren in the strongest bonds of Christian affection. He was a kind husband, an affectionate father, and hence highly esteemed and tisnderly loved. At the time of his death he was from home, attending to his duties as superin- tendent of schools. So severely aud rapidly did the disease do its work, that he was compelled just before reaching home to seek the residence of a neighbor as the scene of the last struggle. He died in perfect peace, March 29, 1869. He was married, March 8. 1849, to Miss Sarah J. Lamb, of Madison county, 111. They were the parents of ten children. Four of the children preceded the father to the spirit land. The widow and six children survive him. Profs. Warren and Washington Leverett, whose self- denying, unwearied and successful labors in Shurtleff College for so many years have inseparably connected tht ir name, with the prosperity and development of Madison county, and of the state, and this college, were " twins by birth and twins in all labors and a.ssociations of life." They were born in Brookline, Mass., December 19, 1805. Soon after reaching their majority they united with the First Baptist church in Cambridgeport, Mass. They pursued a preparatory course of study under ihe tuition of their elder brother. Rev. Wm. Leverett, of Roxbury, and then entered Bruwn Univer- sity in 1825; graduating in 1832. Wa'ren entered the Theo- logical School at Newton, Mass , but failing health compelled him to abandon the course of study he so earnestly coveted. In quest of health he spent a period in circulating Bibles in Charleston, S. C He afterward taught school in Lawrence- burg and Franklin, Indiana. Frequent and severe hem- orrhage of the lungs compelled him to give up all hope of finishing his studies at Newton, and he resolved to give his life to teaching in the Mississippi valley. To enable him the better to fulfil his purpose, as well as to meet the Divine instincts of his being, he souiiht a companion and found just such an one as he desired in Miss Mary A. Brown, of Strat- ham. New Hampshire, who was at that time preceptress of the Young Ladies' Academy at Townsend, Mass. After marriage they immediately came west. They first began labor in Greenville, Bond county. After teaching there a little more than one year he was called to a professorship in Shurtleff College. His brother, Washington, preceded him the year before. In 1853 he resigned, and for the next two years conducted a school of a high order in Upper Alton. H ewas then reelected to a Professorship in the college, which position he occupied until the close of the academic year, 1867-8. There was the scene of his active life. He spent thirty-five years of his life in Upper Alton, and twenty-seven of the same in the Faculty of Shurtleff College. With an assiduity and faithfulness rarely excelled, he gave all his energies to the intellectual and moral devel- opment of his pupils. He died at his residence in Upper Al- ton, November 8, 1872, of typhoid pneumonia, after an ill- ness of three days. His widow aud three chidreu survive him- HISTORY OF MADISOM COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 313 Rev. Hubbel Loomis was born amid the throes of the Revolution, May 31, 1775, in Colchester, Conn. At the age of sixteen he was converted. Impressed with the duty of consecrating himself to the ministry he entered upon the work of thorough intellectual and theological training. On his 28th birthday he preached his first sermon, under license from the Congregational Association of Ministers, of New London county, Conn. In 1S04, he was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational church in Willington, Conn. He enjoyed a profitable and pleasant pastorate of four years. But having changed his views during the latter part of his pastorate, he was conscientiously compelled to seek a home among the Baptists. In 1828 he was bap- tized and ordained to the ministry in the Baptist church. He came to Illinois in 1830, and after teaching a brief period in Kaskaskia, he made his home in Upper Alton. In 1834, he, with si.x others, laid the foundation of a Baptist seminary, which, in union with the removal of Rock Spring Semiuary> subsequently developed into Shurtleft' College. He wa.s the first principal of the seminary, and continued at its head until 1836. when he resigned to give place to younger men. After his resignation he resided in Upper Alton for thirty- six years, devoting the evening of his day to literary pur- suits and religious study. Father Loomis, as he was familiarly called, possessed very tine social qualities, kind- ness, affability, excellent conversational powers, benevolence, conscientiousness, sympathy with the suffering, perfect trans- parency of (jharacter, and these qualities greatly endeared him to his friends, and awakened in all with whom he asso- ciated the kindest regard, the warmest and sincerest respect. His entire life was given to study. After he reached his ninety-fourth year he purchased the "Ante Nicene Fathers," and perused them, up to a very brief period before his death, with all the eagerness, assiduity and interest of his earlier years. His mind was vigorous and unclouded to the last ; he was an able preacher, a clever reasoner, an exemplary citizen, and devoted Christian. He died in Upper Alton, December 15, 1873, at the advanced age of nearly ninety- eight years. Rev. Ebexezer Rodgers was born near Newport in Mon- mouthshire, England, March 17th, 178S. His parents were Welsh. His father was a dissenter, a Baptist, but not a preacher. He had two younger brothers who were Baptist ministers. In England he pur.-ued a course of study prepar- atory to the Christian ministry, and then emigrated to the United States in 1818. After preaching a brief period in Kentucky he went to Howard county Mo., in'1819. The country was sparsely settled, and he devoted himself largely to gratuitous missionary labor. He soon gathered a church, over which he was ordained pastor. The church soon num- bered 102. To preach the Gospel he frequently traveled long distances, over prairies, through forests, amid dangers, often sleeping in the open air with his saddle for a pillow. Jn August 1823, he was married to Miss Parmelia Jackson, who still lives in Ufper Alton, making her home with her youngest daughter, Mrs. Dr. E. C. Lemen. The union was a happy one. A large family surrounded the paternal .hearth. Four of the children, two sons and two daughters, live in and near Upper Alton. In 1833, on his return from 40 a visit to England he passed through Alton and spent sevpral weeks with the churches in Alton and Upper Alton. The result was a call to the pastorate of these two cburche.*:, which he accepted. He removed his family to Upper Alton in November, 1834, and began his labors. In December, 1835, he closed his labors with the Alton church and de- voted himself exclusively to the church at Upper Alton. Thii pastorate continued until the close of 1838. After 1838, several churches in the vicinity enjoyed his labors. He baptized during his ministry about 700, 500 of whom he baptized in Missouri, the remainder in Illinois. Father Rodgers, as he was familiarly called, was among the first and .strongest supporters of every benevolent enterprise of every denominational society. Home and foreign missions, the Bible cause, general and ministerial education found in him an able and unwavering advocate and firm supjjoiter. His last illness was characterized by that unwavering confi- dence in God that had been his study and delight in life. He contemplated his change with great composure, and en- tire resignation ; said he, " The doctrines of grace I have found eminently adapted to me in life, and i now find them all that is necessary in death. God orders all things right. His will be done." Thousands heard the doctrines of the Gospel from his lips, and hundreds under his ministry were converted. He died at his residence in Upper Alton, sur- rounded by his sorrowing family, April 2-5th, 1854. Rev. Adiel Sherwood, D. D., was born in Fort Edward, N. Y., October 3d, 1791. He was baptized in the 17ih year of his age by Rev. Mr. Warrington of New York. He studied a season in Middlebury College, Vt., and subse- quently graduated from Union College at Schenectady. He graduated also from the Theological Seminary at Andover. After filling many important positions he was elected Presi- dent of Shurtleff College in 1840, and served the college in that capacity until 1846. He then returned south and settled in Georgia, where he remained until the close of the civil war. After the war he made his home in St. Louis, where he died August 19th, 1879, in the 88th year of his age. He was a man of very distinguished ability, a pro- found scholar, a vigorous thinker and writer, an eminent Biblical exegete, an able preacher and a noble man. BAPTLST MINISTERS WHOSE LABORS IX MADISON COUNTY DESERVE MENTION BUT WHO DIED ELSEWHERE. Rev Alvin Bailey was the first pastor of the Bajjtist church in the city of Alton. He was born in Westminster, Vt., Dec. 9, 1802. He joined the Baptist church when four- teen years of age. Graduate)3, anil was onverteJ at the age of twenty and baptized Dec- 26th, 1830. In 1833 he entered the Freshman class in Bowdoin College. In June, 18 34, he en- tered the Theological school at Newton, Mass., and gradua- ted in 1838. He was pastor of the Second Baptist church at ypringlield, Mass., seven years. In the spring of 1845 he" en- tered the service of the American Sunday School Union, in the state of Missouri. In 1847 he became the pastor of the Alton Baptist church and served the church till 1853, with acceptance and usefulness, and then became corresponding editor of the " ^yester^ Watchman," a Baptist paper pub- lished in St. Louis. He died away from home and family, at the residence of Deacon Briggs in Clark county. Mo., July 24th, 1854, in the 45th year of his age. He was an ex- cellent minister, a noble man. Rev. Norman Nelson Wood, D. D., was president of Shurtleff College from 1850 to 1855. He was born in Fair- fax, Vt , May 1st, 1808, and died in Jacksonville, Illinois, Jan. 21st, 1874, in the 66th year of his age. In 1835, when 27 years of age, he graduated from Middlebury College, Vt. After graduation he served for one year as principal of the Black River Academy, Vt. In 1836 he entered the depart- ment of Theology in Madison University, N. Y. In conse- quence of impaired health he did not complete the course of study intended. In 1838 he was ordained at the call of the Baptist church at Lebanon Springs, N. Y., and became jiastor of that church. In 1842, he became the pastor of the church in Vicksburg, Miss. In 1845 he btcame pastor of the Market street church, Zanesville, Ohio. In 1850 he became President of Shurtleff college. He filled this position with honor until 1855, He subsequently became pastor of the church in Palmyra, Mo., and during the rebellion was chaplain in the army. His subsequent life was spent in Jacksonville, Illinois, where he pursued with ardor literary labors, and for several years filled the office of Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Logic in the " Young Ladies' Athen;cum " of that city. Dr. Wood possessed un- usual natural abilities, was highly cultured ; a man of real scholarly attainments, he was a profound logician, thoroughly master of the science of metaphysics. His mind was quick, l)enetrating, analytic and comprehensive. Rtv. R. E. Pattison, D. D., was born in Benson, Vt., August 16th, 1800. He was converted at the age of twenty, and baptized at Warsaw, New York. He graduated at Amherst College in 1826. After teaching a brief period in the Academy at Amherst he became tutor in Columbian College, Washington, D C. In 1828, he became Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Waterville Col- 1" ge, IVIaine. In 1829 he was ordained as pastor of the Second Baptist Church in Salem, Mass. In 1830 he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, in Provi- dence, R. I., a position to which he was called a second time in 1840. He was twice President of Waterville College, Home Secretary of the Missionary Union, President of the Western Ba[)tist Theological Institution at Covington, Ky. Professor of Christian Theology in Newton Theological Semi- nary, Mass. In 1865, he was elected to the chair of Syste- matic Theology and History of Doctrines in Shurtleff Col- lege, which position he filled with great popularity and effi- ciency until 1869, when he resigned. The last four years of his life were spentin Chicago in connection with the University of Chicago and the Theological Seminary. He was a member of the Faculty of the Seminary at the time of his death, which occurred in St. Louis, March 21st, 1874. Rarely, if ever has one man, filled with acceptance and honor, so many important and responsible positions as R. E. Pattison He possessed superior mental endowments. In all metaphysical questions, the clearness of his percep- tions, and the growth of his intellect gave him preeminent power, and fitted him in an eminent degree for a teacher of the highest order. Nathaniel Milton Wood, D. D. was born in Camden, Maine, May 24th, 1822. He entered Waterville College, in 1840, was baptized in 1843, soon after graduated, and went directly to Mississippi under the patronage of Gov. Tucker of that state and served as private tutor one year — In 1846. he entered the Theological Institution in Covington, Ky., under the charge of Dr. Pattison — He was ordained as pastor of the Bloomfield Church, Maine, in 1874. His pas- torate continued four years — followed by a pastorate of eight years at AVaterville, Maine. He was pastor at LewLston six years, at Thomaston one and a half years. In 1868, he became pastor of the Baptist church at Upper Alton, Illinois. During his pastorate he performed acceptable service, tem- porarily as a member of the Faculty of Shurtleff College. In 1872, he resigned his pastorate and accepted in the Col- lege the professorship of Systematic Theology. After an acceptable service as Professor for two years, he returned to New England. He died August 2d, 1876. In N. M. Wood, as exemplified in his character and services, we have a beautiful example of the union of rigid intellectual culture, extensive learning, the purifying influences 6f Divine grace, with great simplicity of spirit, modesty in deport- ment, urbanity in intercourse, transparency in character, and purity in life. Though John Mason Peck was never a resident of Mad- ison county, yet his Labors in early days were so inseparably blended with the early religious development of the county that a brief sketch of his life seems peculiarly appropriate. He was born in the parish of LitclWield, South Farms, Conn., October 31, 1789. In the 20th year of his age, he married Miss Sarah Paine, with whom he lived in pleasant conjugal relations nearly fifty years ; by whom he had seven sons and two daughters. The wife and mother preceded him to the spirit land. Shortly after marriage, himself and wife made a public profession of religion, and united with the Congregational church in his native town. Soon after he removed to Green county, N. Y. There his religious views underwent an entire change, and he and his wife united with the Baptist church. Having studied for a season with Dr. Staughton of Philadelphia, in company with Rev. James E. Welch, under the apjwintmeut of the Baptist Board of HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 315 Missions, he and his family, in 1817, removed to the "Great West." He spent four years in indefotigable labors in Mis- souri, and then, in 1821, located at Rock Spring, Illinois. He there organized a Theological and High School, which prospered for several years under his faithful superinten- dence. At one time it numbered more than one hundred students, some of our most talented ministers and some of our most distinguished politicians received their education at this institution It was subsequently merged into Shurt- leff College. His unwearied effiirts in favor of Rock Spring Seminary and of Shurdeff College, afest the intensity of his interest in general and in theological education The degree of D. D. conferred upon him by one of the ohlest and most distinguished Universities of the U S , was well merited, although it evoked the jealousy of some of his less favored brethren. Hi vast store of learning, however, was the result of his own superior natural endowments, directed by his own personal efforts, unaided by money, friends or institutions of learning, if we except perhaps a single year's training under the celebrated Dr. Staughton of Philadelphia. He was, in the discharge of his ministerial duties, faith- ful, energetic and self-sacrificing. His labors were varied and extensive. His correspondence, diaries, journals, re- ports, addresses, sermons, debates and printed material, if collected, would make many volumes. He was perfectly at home in science, in politics, in statesmanship, as well as in religion. He exerted b )Uiidless influence over the Lemens, through whose iifluence, more perhaps than any other men, Illinois became a free state. Politicians and statesmen sought his opinions, and enjoyed his companionship. In his manners, Dr. Peck seemed to exhibit a degree of coldness, which indicated the superiority of his intellectual over his social or affectionate nature, and yet he had a warm heart, and deeply sympathized with all in distress. He was noble, generous and charitable in disposition. He possessed an iron will that brooked no opposition, yielded to no ad- verse influence, was intimidated by no danger. He never surrendered. What he believed the cause of the Master demanded, no combination of adverse circumstances could deter him from undertaking. He was autocratic in his ten- dencies, and yet always ready to yield when convinced that principle demanded it. In the expansiveness of his Christ- ian sympathy he embraced the world. The heathen in foreign lands, the Aborigines of our own country, the slaves of the South, all alike shared his labors and enjoyed his sympathy. The wholesome and affectionate counsel given to minis- ters and to church members will be long remembered. The last time he ever attended public worship, he preached to his church, and closed with the words of Simeon : "Now, Lord, lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation," and, bursting into a flood of tears, he took his seat. He met the King of Terrors with undaunted courage. He gave most minute directions relative to both burial and funeral exercises, having even procured his coffin two or three days beforehand, and inquiring if it was paid for. His death occurred March 15, 1858. On the following day, in accordance with his own request, Rev. James Lemen preached the funeral sermon, assisted by Dr. Crowell of St- Louis, and Rev. W. F. Boyakin of Belleville. He was buried in Rock Spring Cemetery, but twenty-nine days later, his remains were removed to Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, where they remain. " They rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.' Rev. Is.\ac Demison Newell was born in Tinmouth, Vt., Nov. 1st, 1793. Most of his youth was spent on a farm. After reaching his majority, he engaged for a season in mer- cantile pursuits, and then entered the Christian ministry. To prepare himself for his work, he entered and graduated at Madison University, N. Y. His energv, while in college, led hira to active and successful ministerial labor. He was successively pastor at Warren and Winfield, N. Y., and Danville, Vt., preaching often at other places, among which was Rutland, Vt. At this time the richness and rapid settlement of the Mis- sissippi Valley attracted the attention of the agriculturalist, the adventurer, and the Church of Christ. Mr. Newell was eminently fitted by nature and cultivation for such a field, and was irresistibly attracted to it. In 1836 he came with his family to Illinois, and settled in Rushville, Schuyler county. Thence, after a successful pastorate of several years, he removed to Leroy. Subsequently, he was succes- sively pastor at Bloomington, Newcastle, Canton, and Peo- ria. In all these places great spiritual prosperity was enjoyed. The churches increased rapidly in membership and in all the elements of pawer. In most of them excel- lent houses of worship were built, and the churches a-^sumed a position which comra inded the confidence and respect and secured the co-operation of the leading forces in the social and religious life of the several communities. In 1847, at the urgent solicitation of the hoard of trustees of Shurtleff College, he resigned a pleasant and important pastorate at Peoria, removed his family to Upper Alton, and became the financial agent of the college. He brought to his work all the intensity of his energy and all the ripeness of his experience. He traveled extensively, gained friends for the college, and added largely to its financial prosperity. It was through his influence that the attention of Elijah Gove, of Quincy, was directed to the college, than whom no man in the west has given more princely donations to its funds. Leaving the service of the college, he became pas- tor of the church at Batavia, Ills., and then of Aurora, Ills. He was an enthusiastic friend and supporter of the " Amer ican Bible Union " of New York, a society devoted to the revision of the Scriptures ; and, at the close of his pastorate in Aurora, entered its service as agent. A brief period of service in this capacity was followed by the purchase of a considerable tract of land in Iowa, to which he removed, with the intention of spending the evening of his life in quiet — but God had otherwise determined. In the winter of 1850-7, he was thrown from a sleigh, and received injuries which, it is supposed, hastened his death. He gradually but rapidly declined, and was removed to Carrollton, 111 , where he died at the residence of his soa-in- 316 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. law, Rev. J. Bulkley, August 18th, 1857, in the full posses- sion of his intellectual faculties, and in the assurance of a glorious and blissful immortality. As a preacher, he was among the very first in the state at that time. He possessed superior natural ability, and had enriched his mind by the most thorough culture then afforded. He was clear, logical, analytical, and orthodox. His sermons were direct, positive and awakening. He pos- sessed remarkable powers of adaptation to the field of labor assigned him, and remarkable power in the execution of any plan he devised. He believed in special efforts for the promotion of revivals of religion; hundreds were converted under his ministry. He engaged in New York in what were then called " Two Days' Meetings," beginning on Friday and closing Sunday night. Extensive and wonderful dis- plays of Divine power were exhibited, and great multitudes converted. In Illinois, his services in protracted meetings were in great demand and attended almost universally with extensive and powerful revivals. Hundreds in Peoria, Can- ton, Bloomington, Jacksonville, Springfield, Alton, Rush- ville, Leroy, Newcastle, and other places, listened to his fervent and eloquent appeals, and scores bowed to the authority of Jesus Christ, under his preaching. He was emphatically an organizer. He possessed in an eminent degree the elements of earnestness, activity, discrimination, sound judgment, united with the ability to comprehend far- reaching influences, and to grasp the forces about him, and compel them to subserve the interest to which he was di- recting his energies. Hence, in connection with the labors of Rev. Thomas Powell, the foundations of the Illinois river and McLean Associations were early laid. In the minutes of the Illinois Baptist Convention, it is declared that in 1839 he baptized one hundred converts, many of whom were the leading spirits in these associations, and have had much to do with shaping the destiny of the Baptists in Illinois. He was a man of wonderful energy. He pushed vigorously to completion every enterprise in which he engaged. Ob- stacles that would have impeded and appalled most men, only added determination to his energy, and were made sub- servient to his success. His home was a fountain of perpetual sunshine and joy. When worn and pressed down beneath the weight of heart- crushing responsibilities, he instinctively retired within the eacred precincts of home. Home was to him the most per- fect earthly type of heaven, and he was untiring in his efforts to make it conform to the Divine ideal. His children had unbounded confidence in the piety and integrity of the father, whose efforts were seconded by one of the noblest of Chris- tian wives ; and in early life they all entered the church of their parents. He was twice married — first to Miss Sarah Green, daugh- ter of Deacon Green, of Rutland, Vt., to whom he was mar- ried June 2oth, 1826. She proved to be exactly adapted to his character and to the labors of his life. She possessed rare natural endowments, largely developed by intellectual culture. Her prudent foresight, wise counsel, ardent piety, heroic endurance, inflexible purpose, and domestic aptitude, contributed largely to his success, and she deserves to share with him the honor of that success. Four children were the fruits of this marriage. The eldest, Harriet G., was for thirty years the devoted and honored wife of Rev. J. Bulk- ley, Professor in Shurtlefl' College. The second, George Ide, a young man of very great promise, died in Rochester University, New York, while studying for the Christian ministry. The third, Sarah J., formerly the wife of Herman G. Cole, of Chester and Upper Alton, is now the wife of Prof. J. C.C Clarke, of Shurtlefl'College, a woman of wealth, culture, and Christian earnestness. The fourth, Isaac D., served his country during th'i rebellion, was several times promoted for his gallantry, until he passed from the rank of a private to the position of Commander of Gen. Elliott's flagship in the Mississippi JIarine Brigade. He is now a worthy Baptist minister in Glenville, Nebraska. Mrs. Newell died in Upper Alton, Nov. 23, 18.54. His second wife was Miss Cecilia E. Bishop, of Philadelphia. She is an intelligent Christian lady, who, since the death of her husband, has lived and still lives in Upper Alton, respected, useful, and beloved. Elder Jacob V. Rhoads was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, March 30th, 1793. He spent his minority with his father, in the faithful discharge of his filial duties. He was converted in 1811, and in 1812 baptized into the fellowship of the Rock Creek Inited Baptist church in Kentuckj^. He was licensed to preach by this church in 1821 — and in 1831 ordained. In 1831 he emigrated to Illinois, and in October settled at Rhoads' Point, Macoupin county. In 1832 a church was constituted at this point, of which he be- came pastor, and retained the pastorate for 27 consecutive years ; probably the longest pastorate ever held by a Baptist minister in Illinois. He aided in the constitution of 17 churches, and at different times was pastor of 13 of them. During his life he was pastor of 17 churches. For more than fifty years his life was one of unremitting toil, self- abnegation and sacrifice for the good of others. His name was widely known, and his influence immeasurable. His ministry was peculiarly successful. He seemed exactly adapted to reach the masses, and hundreds were converted under his preaching. His leading elements of character were an inflexible purpose, and an unwavering zeal — inde- fatigable industry, and spotless integrity, tender conscien- tiousness and unyielding devotion to principle. He was a good citizen, an affectionate husband, a tender and a loving father, a devoted Christian man. He died with armor on. Stricken down with paralysis, in 187i, at the advanced age of 78, he fell asleep. During his last hours he gave clearest evidence that the cause of Christ had the first place in his heart. Rev. Aaron Teabue was of French parentage, and born in Woodford county, Kentucky, Jan. 2d, 1793, and died in Jersey county, Illinois, December 29th, 1877, at the age of 85 years. His early life was spent on a firm. In the war of 1812 he served under William Henry Harrison for two years. He was in the cavalry service, and engaged in many battles — one of which, on the head waters of the Waba^^ll was very severe. He was converted and baptized in 1810. He was licensed to preach by Mt. Gilead Baptist church in HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 317 Todd county, Kentucky, January 21st, 1832, and ordained by the same church, March 23d, 1833. lu 1837 he emi- grated to Illinois, and settled in Upper Alton, where be remained till 1844, when he removed to Montgomery county, and thence in 1847 to Jersey county, where he remained until his death. His field of labor embraced Logan and Todd counties, Kentucky ; Madison, Montgomery and Jer- sey counties, Illinois. We do not claim for him the highest order of talent, but he was emphatically a good man, and a good preacher. His preaching was experimental, sim- ple, hortatory and scriptural. His entire life was charac- terized by industry, integrity, conscientiousness, charity, sociability, ardent friendship, strong domestic attachment, simple, child-like faith, and conscientious devotion to the doctrines and practices of the Baptist church. His disease was cancer on the nose, or scrofula. For long, weary months, with anxiety approaching impatience, and yet with wonderful fortitude and peaceful resignation, he awaited the summons of his Master. BAPTIST MISISTER3 NOW LIVING IN THE COUNTY. Prof. WAsniNoroN Leverett, LL.D , born in Brookline, Mass., Dec. 19th, 1805. Between the ages of 14 and 21, worked on a farm near Rutland, Vt. United with the First Baptist Church, Cambridgeport, Mass , soon after 21 years of age, graduated from Brown University in 1832, im- mediately afterward completed the theological course of study at Newton, Mass. Prof of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Shurtleff College from 1836 to 1853, and acting President of the College, during this lime from 1836 to 1841 and again from 1846 to 1849. Resigned as Pro- fessor in 1853, re-elected in 1855 and served till 1868. Since 186S resided in Upper Alton, serving the college as Librarian, Curator, and treasurer, and most of the time Secretary of the Board of Trustees. Rev. a. a. Kenwrick, D. D., born in Ticonderoga, N. Y. Jan. 7th, 1836. After receiving his primary education he pursued a course of study in Granville Academy, Wash- ington Co., N. Y., and later entered Middlebury College^ Vt., where he took a partial course, and subsequently in May 1861 graduated from Rochester Theological Seminary. Previous to his theological studies he had studied law, been admitted to the bar, and had practiced law one year in Wisconsin and one year in St. Louis. In 1861 he became pastor of the North Baptist Church of Chicago. In Jan- uary 1875 he removed to St Louis, served one and a-half years as assistant pastor of the Second Baptist Church, and then served the Beaumont Street Baptist Church as pastor till June 1872, when he became President of Shurtleff Col- lege, a position which he still occupies. Rev. Prof. J. C C- Clarke, born in Providence, R. I., where he lived until seventeen years of age. He received an English education in the grammar and high schools of that city. He prepared himself for business by thorough education, but the purpo.se of his life having been entirt ly changed by his conversion, he joined a Baptist Church in Brooklyn, and in 1854 he commenced study for the Chris- tian ministry. He was gratuated from the University of Rochester, N. Y., in 1859, and from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1861. From Si'ptember 1861 to May 1865 he was pastor of the Baptist Church at Youkers, N. Y. In the fall of 1865 he for one year supplied the place of the absent Prof, of Greek in the University of Chicago. In the following year he officiated as Professor in several depart- ments in the Baptist Theological Seminary of Chicago, and preached for the North Baptist Church, was pastor at Madi- son, Wis., from May 1867 to November 1870. He then be- came Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy in Mt. Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, at Cincinnati, and pastor of the Baptist Church there, a little more than two years, then pastor in 1873 of the Beaumont Street Baptist Church, St. L)uis. In September 1875 he accepted the Professorship of Greek iu Shurtleff C illege, teaching also French, German, Hebrew, and Biblical Interpretation. He still occupies this position. Rev. L. a. Abbott was born in Beverly, Ma^s , 1824; was converted and baptized at the age of fourteen. In early life he followed the sea. After having pursued a course of study at Worcester Academy, Mass., he made several voyages as mate and as master of a vessel. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church iu Milford, Mass., in 185-5, and was pastor in that state thirteen years; was pastor at Rochester, Minn., four y£ars; at La Crosse, Wis., .seven years. He became pastor of the Baptist church in Alton in April, 1879, a position which he still holds. Before he entered the ministry he wa.s twice elected to the Legislature of Mass., and afterward served three sessions more, making five sessions in all. He served on such committees as "Accounts," "Military Affairs," " Soldiers' Bounties," "Education," etc. He is now in the prime of life — useful, energetic and highly esteemed. Rev. J. F. Hoefflin was born November 13, , in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany. Came to America in March, 1857 ; was converted and baptized in New York City, in August, 1857 ; was educated in Rochester, N. Y. ; was ordained pastor of the First German Baptist church, of Chicago, 111 , July 16, 1868. He first came to Illinois in 1868, and to Madison county iu October, 1881, as pastor of the German Baptist church in Fosterburg, a position which he occupies at present, July, 1882. Rev. T. W. B. Dawson, an aged veteran, lives at Troy. Rev. Robert Gibson is a practicing physician at Alton. There are several others living in the county. In addition to the foregoing, a large number of Baptist ministers, some dead, others now living outside of Madison county, have performed valuable service in the cause of the Redeemer. Rev. Adiel Sherwood, formerly President of Slwirtleff College, dead ; Rev. R. Kimball, dead ; Rev. Elijah Dodson, dead ; Rev. J. Merriara, dead ; Rev. J. F. Tolman, dead; Rev. John Brown, dead ; Rev. John Padon, dead; Rev. L. C. Carr, dead; Rev. Dwight Ives, D. D., dead: James, Josiah, Joseph and Moses Lemen, all dead, and many others. Among those still living, but not in Madison county. Rev. D. Read. D. D, former President of Shurtleff College, now pastor at Bloomiugton, 111. ; Rev J. B. Hopper, Bunker Hill; Rev. Melviu Jameson, former pastor at Alton, now 318 HISTORY OF' MADISON COUNTY, IILINOIS. niis.*ionary in Burniah ; Rev. Thomas G. Field, former pastor at Alton, now pastor at Winona, jNIIiiu. ; Rev. William J. Chapin, Rev. J. 11. Mize, Rev. Luke Dillard, Rev. J. F. Howard, Rev. R. Gibson, Rev. R. Johnson (colored), and many others. The extent, value and influence of these men can only be estimated by Him who knows the secrets of all hearts, and perfectly unravels the tangled web of human influence. THE EDWARDSVILLE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION. By invitation of the Baptist churches of Edwardsville. Rock Spring and Upper Alton a conference of ministers and brethren was held at Edwardsville October 16, and days following, 1830. The principal object of this meeting was to bring about a general union of the Baptists of the state. During the se.ssion of this conference, the Edwards- ville Baptist Association was organized by delegates from the three churches above mentioned. This was the first Baptist Association in the state of Illinois, that was open, avowed and active in its support of missions, and the various objects of benevolence. The following is its SUMMARY OF FAITH. The " Association thinks the following sentiments (among many others) are revealed in the Holy Scriptures, viz. ; The self-existence of one infinite and Holy God, as revealed in three persons. Father, Son and Holy Spirit, — the eternal and essential deity of Christ, — the entire depravity of the human heart; the perfect purity and unalterable obligation of the divine law, that requires supreme love to God and corresponding aflections to mankind — the necessity of a change of heart, or the new birl4*, effected by the Divine Spirit as the agent, and the word of God as the means — the duty of every sinner who hears the Gospel to repent and belieye in Christ, and that a wicked heart, in which consists his helplessness is no excuse; the perseverance of the saints; the duty of every believer to be immersed in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit — the strict and entire in- dependence of each church, or religious congregation, in all government and discipline,— the duty of every believer to conform to all the laws of Christ ; our obligation to observe the Lord's day, or Christian Sabbath — the resurrection of the dead, and final judgment — with the eternal punishment of the wicked and salvation of the righteous." The association worked under the constitution adopted at Edwardsville without change until its session at Nokomis, Oct. 4th, 1878, when it revised and enlarged its constitution. Its essential features, however, are unchanged. At that time, however, Oct. 4th, 1878, its summary of faith •was greatly enlarged and quite materially changed. This body has been in active operation for more than half a century. Under its influence originated 'The Illinois Baptist Education Society." " The Baptist Convention of Illinois " which in 1844, united at Canton, Illinois, with the North-western Baptist convention and formed the present "Illinois Baptist General Association." Prominent and far-seeing men then living at Rock Spring, Edwardsville and Upper Alton, looking out upon the future of this great commonwealth, felt the pressing necessity of lay- ing broad, deep and permanent, the foundations of the Baptist faith. They planned wisely as the present prosperity of the denomination in the state now testifies. From a handful in 1830, the denomination in Illinois has increased until it now numbers 42 a-sociations, 892 churches, 938 ministers, 626 of whom are pastors. Baptized in 1881, 3,244: whole number 64,094. In 1830, there was not iu Illinois a single association that was progressively earnest in its support of missions, Sunday- schools, temperance, the Bible cause, ministerial education and other benevolent institutions and causes. The " Ed- wardsville Association" from the beginning, was open, avowed and earnest in support of all the benevolent enter- prises of the day. Rock Spring Seminary and Shurtleff" College had their origin and support in the active beneficence of this association. The question of slavery was introduced in the session of 1837, was earnestly discussed and condemned, as unjust, un- scriptural and wicked. After the organization churches united with this body as follows : Bluffdale, Green co., July 26th, 1833, with 32 members; Lower Alton, July 27th, 1833, with 21 members; Piasa (Brighton) July 2-5th, 1834, with 11 members; Carlinville, May 22J, 183.5, with 10 members; Woodburn, May 20th, 18o6, with 18 members; Shoal Creek, May 20th, 1836, with 17 members; St. Charles, Mo,, May 20th, 1836, with 10 members; Greenville, with 16 members; Forks of Wood River, with 16 members ; and Paddock's Prairie with 9 mem- bers ; May 2Bth, 1837 ; Hillsborough, May 22d, 1840, with 22 members ; Bunker Hill, May 21st, 1841, with 2.5 mem- bers ; Providence (near Chouteau Island) May 26th, 1843, with 9 members ; Spanish Needle prairie. May 24th, 1844, with 27 members; Greenville, May 26th, 1848, with 19 members; a new church organized July 4th, 1847, the old church having disappeared from the minutes in 1845 ; Rat- tan's Prairie, Sept. 25th, 1849, with 13 members; New Hope with 65 members, and Bethlehem with 24 members, May 23d, 1851 ; Staunton, with 63 members, and Union, Bond CO , with 14 members. May 23d, 1853; New Salem, with 23 members, Sept. 22d, 1864; Litchfield, with 15 members, Sept. 25th, 1850 ; Marine Prairie, with 29 members and Walnut Grove, Bond county with 34 members, Sept. 25th, 1857; Nokomis, with 8 members, Sept. 24th, 18.58; Butler, with 12 members, Sept. 23d, 1859 ; Nilwood, with 17 mem- bers, Oct. 13th, 1866 ; Shipman,|with 16 members, Oct. 12th, 1867 ; Milton, with 37 members, Oct 8th, 1869 ; Pleasant Grove, Christian CO., with 12 members, Oct. 11th, 1872; Hillsborough (a new church), with 16 members and ^''oster- burg (German) with 88 members, Sept. 29th, 1876 ; Beth- alto, with 47 membei-s, Oct. 3d, 1879; Union Avenue, Litchfield, with 62 members, Sept. 30th, 1881. The above are the dates of the first admission of these churches. Many of them after several years became too weak to report by letter or messenger and were dropped from the minutes, others disappeared for a season and again returned, others, still, took letters of dismission and united with HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 319 other associations. In one or two instances as in Edwards- ville and Hillsborough, the church became extinct, and after several years reorganized. The Providence church on the American Bottom was dispersed by the flood of 1844. The Kock Spring church disbanded between the sessions of the association in 1849 and 1850. It will thus be seen that 47 churches, including the three constituent churches, have been members of this body. The first church whose membership reached 100 was the Upper Alton church. In 1838, it reported 40 baptisms, 41 received by letter and a membership of 132. In 1841, Alton city reached a membership of 108. In the year 1864, Upper Alton reached a membership of 200. In 1870 Alton re- ported a membership of 238 and Upper Alton of 220. From this time Alton leads, steadily growing in member- ship until its greatest number was reached in 1879; 319. The greatest number attained by the Upper Alton church was in 1^80, when it reported 289. These are the strongest churches in the association. sr.MMABy. AV hole number received by baptism 3,083 ' " letter 2,134 '' '■ " ■' e.\perience 263 '• " restored 51 Whole number dismissed by letter 2,291 " " dropped 90 " " excluded . 703 " " died 532 Present number 1,320 THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. COMPILED rXDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE RT. REV. BISHOP P. J. BALTES. Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, Alton. — In the year 1S40, we find some fourteen Catholic families in Alton, and its neighborhood. Amongst them were Andrew Clifford, Thomas Clifford, Sebastian Wise, Peter Wise, Christian Walter, Mr. Gutiweiler, Mr. Dooling, etc. At this date ser- vice was held in a small frame building in Upper Alton, owned by Mr. Clifford. Father George Hamilton, previ- ously residing at Springfield, Illinois, attended this mission. He resided here till the spring of 1841, and boarded with Mr. Clifford, of Upper Alton. In December 1841 Father Michael Carroll succeeded Father Hamilton, and resided lierc till 1857. In the spring of 1842, a lot was bought on Third street, on which site the Unitarian church now stands^ The erection of a stone church was commenced during this year and finished in 1843. In 1853 this church was de- stroyed by fire. After this accident service was held in a hall on Third and State Streets, over Hart's livery stable. Subsequently a lot was secured on State street, and a large stone church erected on it, which is now Sts. Peter and Paul's Cathedral. Service was first held in this new but yet unfin- ished church in 1856. The City of Alton was raised to the dignity of an Episcopal See by a Bull of Pope Pius IX., January 9lh, 1857, and Rt. Rev. Henry Damian Juncker> appointed its first bishop. He was consecrated by Arch- bishop Purcell, in the Cathedral at Cincinnati, April 26th, .-,{"'] IS??, and arrived at Alton, the following month. Bishop / '^ * Jtfincker, was born at Fenestrange in the province of Lor- raine, France, August 22d, 1809, was ordained priest, March 16th, 1834, and died at Alton, October 2d, 1868. September 24th 1869, Rt. Rev. Peter Joseph Baltes was ap- pointed to succeed Bishop Juncker. He was consecrated in St. Peter's church at Belleville, Illinois, January 23d, 1870, and came to Alton February 3d, following. Bishop Baltes is a native of the Rhenish province of Bavaria, Germany, born April 7th, 1827, and came to America, with his parents in the spring of 1833. He is the first Roman Catholic Bishop ever consecrated within the limits of the State of Illinois. When Bishop Juncker arrived at Alton there was not a Catholic church between Alton and Carlinville, nor between Alton and Jacksonville. Litchfield, East St. Louis, Grafton, and all surrounding places, for many miles which at that time had no churches, were attended from Alton. ST. Mary's germas rom.\n catholic church, altox. The corner-stone of this church was blessed in 1858. It was finished and service held in it in 1859. June 2d, 1860, this church was blown down by a tornado. Rev. F. A. Os- trop, the first resident rector of the church who was — though not injured, — buried under its ruins, had it rebuilt soon after. To accomplish this, he took up collections even out- side of the diocese, and delivered lectures for the same end. Flourishing Catholic parochial schools have been in exist- ance from the time Bishop Juncker took posession of the see of Alton. For some years secuLr teachers had charge of these schools. In 1860, the Brothers of the Cross took charge of the parochial school connected with the Cathedral. The Sisters of Notre Dame have charge of St. Mary's paro- chial school since 1875. Besides the above, the Ursuline Convent and Academy were founded in 1860. St. Joseph's Hospital in charge of the Sisters of Charity was opened 1865. The Bishop's fine palace was erected 1863. It was partly destroj-ed by fire May 25,1877, but was immediately rc-built. Alton has at present a Catholic population of not less than three thousand. EDWARDSVILLE, ST. MARV'S CHURCH. In Edwardsville, service was first held between the years 1835 and 1840 in the dwelling-houses of Jlrs. McCabe, IMrs. Bartlett and Mr. IMichael Murray. The first two mentioned places were situated in that part of the city called "down town," now the third ward ; the last mentioned place is situ- ated one mile ea.st of the town, on the Hillsboro road. The first church was built in 1843 ; its title is " The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin i\Iary. " When service was first held the Catholic families numbered from seven to ten. After the separation of the Germans from it, it still has about seventy-five families. The congregation has had a resident rector since 1859, with an occasional interregnum. Rev. L. Hinssen was the first resident rector. 320 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. EDWAEDSVILLE, ST. BONIFACES CHURCH. About 1867 the Catholic Gerniaus of Edwardsville came to the coDclusion to erect a church for themselves. A place was bought, and brick yard erected. On the 2d of June, 1S69, the corner-stone of St. Boniface's church was blessed by Very Rev. P. J. Baltes, of Belleville, Illinois. Rev. A. Rustigc was its first resident rector. On the first Sunday of October of the same year service was held in the new church. There is a flourishing Catholic parochial school connected ■with this church. Of the two Catholic congregations of Edwardsville this is now the larger ; it numbers about one hundred and seventy-five families. ST. Paul's church, highland. The first Catholic Church of Highland was built and di- vine service held in it in 1844. It was a frame structure, 40 | X 25, which has been converted into a school-house for boys. There were about 2-5 families in Highland at this time. Divine service was held in difierent houses as early as 1841. The new church, 110 x 45, was built under Rev. P. Lima- cher between 1854 and 1856. Its cost maybe set down at §10,000 ; but to complete it took at least as much again. The first divine service was held in this church Easter Sunday, 1856. The Catholic school dates from 1851, taught at first by secular teachers. Under the Rectorship of Rev. P. Peters, a convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame was erected at Highland in 1866 ; since that time the sisters of Notre Dame and a secular teacher have conducted this school. In 1878, under the Rectorship of Rev. Jos. Meckel the congregation erected a fine hospital of which the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis have charge. The sick of all denominations are admitted to this institution. The congregation has had a resident priest since 1851. The number of practical families at present is about 250. The church of Highland is in a prosperous condition. SAINTS PETER AND PAUL's CHURCH, AT COLLINSVILLE. Catholic service was first held in this neighborhood by Father Carroll from Alton, in 1856, at the residence of Mr. Octavius Lumaghe's, east of Collinsville. It appears towards the close of the same year, Father Carroll, assisted by Fa- ther Cavanaugh, dedicated the first church, a brick build- ing, 25 X 50 feet, which still froms part oi'the present build- ing. When the church was built, there were from 12 to 15 Catholic families here. It being a mining district, the popu- lation is fluctuating ; though there are over 200 families of Catholics, not more than 120 families can be counted practi- cal Catholics. The congregation has a good Catholic parochial school, taught by two lay teachers. 150 children are enrolled. Father Reiss appears as the first resident rec- tor. He resided here in 1858. In 18^0 the sanctuary and transept of a new Gothic church was erected, serving at present as an addition to the old church. The new church will be completed within a few years, and then be numbered amongst the handsomest churches in Madison county. BLACK JACK. St. John's Church, Black Jack, situated in Jarvis town- ship. There was a frame church erected here in the country in 1856. This congregation never increased much, on account of the large number of Catholic churches which sprung up in the neighboring towns, many of which were partially made up by families taken from it. The members of this church are generally well to do farmers, and have as a rule, kept up a Catholic school. They have a fine graveyard and other church property, but, the congregation being small, has never had a resident j)riest. It now num- bers about 25 families. ST. ELIZABETH CHURCH, JIARINE. Marine formerly constituted a part of the congregation of Highland. The origin of this Catholic congregation may be dated back to the year 1856, when Jacob Brockhaus and Patrick Carroll, both old settlers in this section of the county, headed a subscription list for building a Catholic church by signing $300 each. The number of Catholic families here at that time being only about 15, others assisted their Catholic friends in raising the amount signed to S1500. The present brick building, (34x50 feet), was erected in 1857, on an elevated piece of ground (350 x 200 feet), partly donated by August Versen. Rev. Paul Limacher, rector of St Paul's church, Highland, of which congregation, as already stated. Marine had hitherto been a part, came to celebrate the first mass in this new building on Easter ]Mon- day, 1859. Rev. Peter Peters attended the congregation for nearly seven years, every third Sunday. The present par- sonage was erected in 1868, at a cost of about S3000. Rev- L. Hinssen was the first resident rector. The congregation has supported a parochial school since 1868, which s'nce 1877, was conducted in the new school building erected at a cost of $1,500. Last year a building fund was established for a new church, (38 x 75 feet), which will be erected next spring. The steeple will be over 100 feet high, and will contain a nice chime of bells, donated in 1879 by two ladies of the congregation. The number of families at present is about 100. ST. martin's CHURCH, BETHALTO. Bethalto formerly constituted a part of the cathedral con- gregation of Alton. Catholic service was first held in 1858, in a little frame house belonging to the Madison Coal Compa- ny, two miles north of Bethalto. The church, a frame building, was put up in 1861 The Rt. Rev. Henry Damian Juncker, Bishop of Alton, blessed the corner-stone of this church in the month of May of that year. When service was first held there were about 27 Catholic families. The congregation has a good parsonage and a resident rector since 1879, but has not yet been able to keep up a Catholic parochial school. It has about 50 families. ST. UBALDUS' CHURCH, NEW DOUGLAS. Service was held here first about 1862, and irom time to time up to 1871 in the following places or dwellings : First at ]\Ir. Filley's, one mile west of town ; then at Mr. Andrew Newman's, half a mile south of town ; and lastly, at INIr. Louis King's and Mr. Johu Van Delft's, in town. The church was erected in 1871. The number of Catholic families in HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 321 the New Douglas mission when service was first held there was seven, more or less. Now there are about 60. New Douglas has no resident rector ; it is attended from Edwards- ville two Sundays in the month. ST. Gertrude's church, salike. The Catholics of this place formerly constituted a part of the congregations of Highland and Marine, from which they separated and built a church for their own use in 1872. To attain this end, a sukscription of about three thousand dol- lars was made up by about thirty families. In 1877, a par- sonage was erected, and ever since that time, with some little interruption, they have had a resident priest. Under the direction of its first resident rector. Rev. M. Weis, a school- house w:is erected, and the parochial Catholic school, which had hitherto been kept in the rector's residence, was then removed to this new school-house. Under the same clergy- man's supervision, the church, which had never been plas- tered anil had become too small to contain the congregation, was enlarged and fini.shed and otherwise so improved as to make one of the finest churches of Madison county. The congregation now has a graveyard, and everything else re- quired to constitute it an independent Catholic community. The present rector of the Catholic church at this place is Rev. B. Hasse. The number of families belonging to this congregation is about 17.i. ST. Elizabeth's ciiukcu, mitchell. The building of this church was commenced September, 1871. The comer-stone was blessed October 1, 1871, by Rev. J. F. Mohr, assisted by Revs. F. A. Ostrop, F. H. Za- bel, D. D., A. Rustige and C. Koenig. Service was held in the church soon aftef it was finished. Before that time. Rev. Zabel, then of East St. Louis, held service at Mitchell. In 1881, under the rectorship of Rev. P. Kaenders a fine par- sonage was erected, aud since October 4th, of the same year, it has had a resident rector. Rev. P. Kaenders being the first in charge. The congregation has as yet no parochial school. It numbers about 40 families, mostly well to do farmers. ST. mark's church, VENICE. The first service of the Catholic church was held in Ven- ice, April 16, 1882, in the new church. Before this time, the Catholics here attended church in East St- Louis and St. Louis. After they had been erected into a separate congre- gation by the Bishop of Alton, they at once went earnestly about building a church for their own use. The corner- stone of this church was blessed October 25, 1881, by Rev. C. Koenig, a.ssisted by Revs. P. Peters and P. Kaenders. There are about 32 Catholic families. Though there is no Catholic school yet, nor a resident priest, the prospects are fine, and the probabilities are that it will soon be a flourish- ing congregation, able to support its own priest and to keep up a Catholic parochial school. The mission is at present attended from Mitchell by Rev. P. Kaenders, under whose direction this church was put up. 41 THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. BY A. M. POWELL, M. D. The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United Stato comprises sixty dioceses and missionary jurisdictions, (each presided over by a Bishop), with some three thousand and five hundred clergymen and about three hundred and fifty thousand lay communicants. The Church possesses about twenty-five Universities, Colleges and Seminaries, and a large number of Societies, Hospitals, Orjihans' Homes and other institutions devoted to the amelioration of the moral and physical condition of man ; while the contributions to its support aggregate from seven to ten millions of dollars aunually. By far the greater proportion of its membership is to be found in the older States of the Union, as for ex- ample, in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. The city of New York alone contains seventy-eight episcopal churches and nearly two hundred and fifty clergymen, with a corresponding proportion of lay membership. Generally the Dioceses are coextensive with the states in which they are situated, but in some large aud populous States the territory has been divided into two or more Dio- ceses. In the year 1877, the Diocese of Illinois, which comprised the entire State, was divided into three Dioceses, now called " Illinois, Quincy and Springfield ; " the bound- aries of the latter including all of the State lying south of the counties of Woodford, Livingston, Ford and Iroquois, and east of the Illinois river— in reality nearly one half of the State. As its name implies, Springfield is its See city, the residence of the Bishop, the chief pastor of the Diocese, and president of its Councils, which are held annually in that city, and are composed of all canonically resident clergy and one or more lay delegates from each parish or organized mission. At the first Convention of the Council, (or Synod, as the meetings of this body are now called,) held in December, 1877, the Rev. George Franklin Seymour, S. T. D., LL. D., Dean of the General Theological Seminary in New York, was unanimously elected the first Bishop of Springfield. Dr. Seymour declined the election, but upon the unanimous request of the Convention held in May, 1878, the Bishop elect reconsidered his declination, and was consecrated in June following, aud soon after entered upon his duties. The first Bishop of Illinois, was Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, who was the Missionary Bishop of a vast territory compris. ing Minnesota, Illinois and Ohio; and it was under his jurisdiction that the State of Illinois was erected into a Diocese at an early day in the State's history. So, also, was it under his jurisdiction that most of the parishes in Madison county were organized. The first of these was the PARISH OF CHRIST CHURCH, COLLIKSVILLE, which was organized by Bishop Chase in the year 183-5, and is the oldest parish organization in the Diocese of Spring- 322 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. field, (Trinity, Jacksonville, was organized the same year,) and is one of the oldest in the State of Illinois. About the year 1833, the Rev. Joseph L. Darrow,M. D., removed from New York to Collinsville, then a very small village, and entered ui)on the practice of Medicine, giving much of his time and energy, however, to Missionary work of the Epis- copal Church, of which he was an ordained minister. Soon after his arrival, Dr. Darrow determined to push the claims of his church in Madison county, and his pluck and energy were soon rewarded by seeing erected in the county three church edifices, which at that early day were considered commodious and creditable buildings, and erected almost solely by the Doctor's own personal means, added to contri- butions from his friends at the east. These buildings were put up in Edwardsvilie, Marine and Collinsville, and that in the latter' place still remains the house of worship of the parish, being in an excellent state of repair and a cosy, comfortable " home " for its occupants, though somewhat out of date as to style of architecture. It was consecrated by Bishop Chase, December 17, 1841. The Rev. Dr. Darrow remained the fiiithful rector of this parish until his death, which occurred on July 28, 1855, he falling a victim to Asiatic Cholera, a severe epidemic of which he had just practiced through, with characteristic energy administering unceasingly to the wants of his patients, both as a physician and as a spiritual adviser. After Dr. Darrow's death the parish remained vacant until 1860, when the Rev. A. P. Crouch took charge. He was followed in 1862 by the Rev. Robert Trewortha, and he again in 1865 by Rev. John Portniess, who served the par- ish nearly three years. Since that time the parish has been in temporary charge of several ministers, including the Rev- Dean Dresser of Carlinville. In September, 1881, the Rev. Gardiner C. Tucker, then of St. Louis, was called to the parish and is now its acceptable pastor. Among the old and prominent citizens who assisted Dr. Darrow in his church work at an early day, were Daniel Ground, of Marine, John S. Clark and Hon.] George Churchill, the latter of whom was for many years Senior Warden of Christ Church, Collinsville. The present oflScers of that parish are : Dr. A. M. Powell, Senior Warden ; Thaddeus Kneedler, Junior Warden ; S. Newson, Clerk, and W. H. Brown, Treasurer. The Sunday School is in a flourishing condition, and the parish is making fair progress, and is entirely out of debt. ST- Andrew's CHgRCH, edwardsville. •'Trustees duly elected on Monday, April 26th, 1841, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, known as St. Andrew's Church of Edwardsville, in the County of Madison, State of Illinois, to hold the office until Easter Monday, 1842, and until others are elected, in conformity with the Act of General Assembly of the State of Illinois, entitled an Act concerning Religious Societies, approved February 6th, 1835. Given under our hands and seals this sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord 1841." Comfort Roberts, A. J. Lusk, James L. Brackett, Wra. T. Brown, Isaac Foster, Solon Stark, Horace Look, James H. Treadway. Orren Meeker. " State of Illinois, Madison County, ss. '■ This twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord 1841, personally appeared before me, Erastus Whee- ler, an Acting Justice of the Peace, in and for the County aforesaid, Solon Stark, who being duly sworn, deposes that the foregoing certificate is correct and true. Sworn and subscribed before me, Solon Stark." ERA.STUS Wheeler, J. P. Orren Meeker, deeded to Trustees of St. Andrew's Church, Lot No. 125 in Edwardsville, 111., for the sum of SIOOO— November 7th, 1841. Recorded, Dec. 15th, 1841. The organization erected a commodious frame building, in which services were held for a number of years, under Dr. Joseph L. Darrow, the first pastor. He was followed by Dr. S. Y. McMasters, who was stationed at Alton, 111. The Parish here being smalh and a number of members moving away, the Church was rented to the Presbyterians, who held services in the same for several years. The Union Sabbath-school also met there. At an election held at an annual meeting of the Parish of St. Andrew's Church in Edwardsville, Madison county, Illinois, on the 29th day of March, a. d., 1869, the fol- lowing named persons were duly elected Trustees of said Parish : S. E. McGregory, Richard B. Ground, Prince H. Jones, John A. Prickett, James R. Brown, Charles H. Spil- man, John Hobson. and Benj. D. Berry. The above named Trustees deeded Lot No. 125, with all appurtenances to the trustees of the German M E. Church of Edwardsville, Illinois, on the 28th day of June, A. D., 1869, for the sum of $1500. The present edifice is a brick struc- ture, Gothic style, situated on the corner of Hillsboro and Buchanan streets, erected in 1870. Services were held in the same for a few years, when it closed for a time. Dr. John W. Burchmore, the present pastor, has held religious exercises for the last six months, including a flourishing Sunday-school. ST. PAULS CHURCH, ALTON. The first services of the church in this county were said to have been held by the Rev. Amos Baldwin, who came to Alton and Edwardsville and preached in 1823. The church in Alton received parochial organization in 1888, the Rev. Dr. S. Y. McMasters being the first Rector. who was succeeded in 1845 by the Rev. Brittain. The Presbyterian house of worship at the corner of Third and Market streets, was bought at a cost of $2000. Subsequent- ly the Rev. McMasters was recalled, during whose Rector- ship the present edifice was built on the site of the old one, and consecrated by Bp. Whitehouse, July 5th, 1857. The building of stone, 45x95, cost about $10,000 and seats com- fortably 300 people. The church was unroofed, the tower demolished and bell- broken by the tornado, which visited Alton, June 2d, 1860, the last two of which have never been restored. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 323 The Rev. C. A. Bruce, the Rev John Foster, the Rev. Dr. McCullough, the Rev. C. S- Abbott and the Rev. Marsh Chase were successively Rectors, the latter succeeded in Dec. 1880, by the RiV. Thjs. Haskiiis, the present incum- bent. In 1870, Trinity Chapel was built in North Alton, (on ground given by Messrs. J. J. & W. H. Mitchell), at a cost of about .S-,000, where services are regularl)' held, and which has a large and flourishing Sunday-school under the Superintendence of Mr. T. W. Radcliffe. Among the wardens and vestrymen, now deceased, of St. Paul's Parish, were Judge Bailhache, Col. Long, Charles Trumbull. Utten Smith, S. R. Dolbee, M. M. Dutro, T. L. Waples, Harry Taylor, Charles Merriman. In 1881 the church building was extensively repaired at a cost of over S 1 200, two memorial windows added and the organ enlarged and repaired. A house and lot adjoining have also been purchased, upon which it is purposed to erect a Grammar School for the Christain education of the children of the pariah. There are about eighty families connected with the church. The present lay officers, elected on Easter Monday, 1882. are: William Huskiuson, Joseph Graiian, Wardens. T. W. Radcliffe. F. H. Robe, Charles Brown, Thos. Cannell, Jacob Wead, Vestrymen. THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST (Chrlstian). BY REV. W. H. MfGISSIS. SILVER CREEK CHURCH. This church was established July 4, 1830, being now almost fifty-two years old. The following persons were the original members: Solomon Taber, Elizabeth Taber, John Hoxey, Polly Hosey, Abel Olive, Elizabeth Olive, Joel Ricks, Nellie Ricks, Sina Martin, John A. Wall, Temper- ance Wall. Elders Hum])hries, Austin Sims and Robert Foster were the early preachers, who laid broad and deep the foundation for the future prosperity of the church. Their names are held in grateful remembrance by all the older members. In later years, Elders Lucas, Birge, Philips, Kathcart and W. B. Foster have served as pastors and evangelists. More than three hundred persons have enjoyed the fellowship of this church. But many have gone to swell the ranks of the Lord in other states, and many others have entered their final rest. Many of the best citizens of the vicinity compose the member.'-hip at the present time. Though this church has passed through m.any vicissitudes, there has never been a time when the Gospel was not faith- fully preached, sinners warned, and the faith of the right- eous strengthened. The outlook of the future is hopeful. Thomas Vance labors in doctrine at j)resent. MARINE CHURCH. This church was established April 7, 1860, at a place then known as Reid school-house ; Elder William Birge acted as the officiating minister. The following names were enrolled at the beginning: A. W. Jeffress, Mary A. JefTress, J. W Jeffress, D. W. Biggs, Catherine Biggs, Elisiia Stapleton, Mary Stapleton, Curinda Stapleton, Anna R. Farghuharson, Mary E. Parker, ]\Iargaret Graham, Adaline O. Bacon, Ella Stocton, Harriet Weidman and Ella Boosinger. For seven years from the date of the organization services were held in the Coon school-house. The following named preachers served the church while meeting in the above named place: William Birge, John C. Mathers, John C. TuUy, John A. Williams, Jacob Creath and John Sweeney, Sr. In the year 1871, with a view to convenience and a wider field of usefulness, a meeting-house was built in the town of Marine, at a cost of §2,500. The dedication took place on the 3d Lord's day in December, 1871. St. Clair ilcKean, E J. Jeffress, P. S Weidman, J. W. Boosinger and' David Crandall were chosen trustees. The following named preachers have served the congregation since its removal to Marine: Frank Talmadge, J. Ellis, George T. Bridges, J. H. Garrison, F. M. Philips, B. F. Lucas and AV. B. Foster. W. H. McGinnis is pastor at the presei t time. Thij congregation though small, (numbering only about thirty-five) includes in its membership a fair propor- tion of the best citizens of the commuuit}'. Religious intelligence and steadfastness of faith manifest themselves in most of its members. The traits of Christian character have secured the existence of the church amitlst a very strong and bitter opposition. FAIRVIEW CHURCH. This church was organized in May, 187.3, during a meet- ing held by Elder Frank Talmadge. At that meeting there were thirty conversions. A. H. Goodman and Jones Toutz wtre chosen elders. George S. Thompson and Allen J. Armstrong were chosen deacons. F. M. Philips and George F. Bridges have done excellent evangelistic and pastoral work. A meeting-house was erected in 1874, at a cost of §1,350. Fairview church has shown commendable zeal in religious work. More than two hundred souls have been brought into her comnmnion. But death and removals have kept the membership from being very large at any one time. There remain about twenty-five faitliful members ia whose hands the cause of Christ is safe in that community. Thomas Vance, pastor at the present time. RIDGELEY CHURCH Was organized about forty years ago. Through the Chris- tian Zealand liberality of Mrs. O'Banon, a meeting-house was soon afterward erected, and is still kept in good repair. Prosperity attended the church for a number of years, but death and removals have reduced its numbers until only about twelve remain. But these are true to their profession, being prompt at divine service and in the exercise of a wholesome influence throughout the community. Elder E. L. Craig was one of their earliest pastors. His memory is precious in the hearts of many Christians in Illinois and other states. After him. Elders Houston, Foster and Cor- wine preached for them. From 1873 to 1879, James E. 324 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Masters served them as pastor with great acceptance. Elder \V. H Groiier is their present pastor. The outlook toward future prosperity is very encouraging. NEW DOUGLAS CHURCH. This congregation was orgmized ia 1875, through the labors of Elder T. J. Shelton. The following persons were charter member^: Samuel Bennett, Sarah J. Bennett, Burrel H Hill, Rebecca Hill, Sarah A. McCottery, Marion Fletcher, Jennie McCottery, B. H. McKinney, Siddie McKinney. A jieat and substantial house of worship was built in 1879. Elder H. R. Tricket preached the dedicatory sermon. Eiders Fisher, Linn, Smart, Tandy, Kathcart, Avery, have held meetings and served as pastors. Elder Thomas Vance is the present pastor. Fifty two persons have been added to the church since its organization. UNITARIAN DENOMINATION. BY EEV. J. FISHER. The history of Unitarianism in Madison county is that of a single church or society, in the city of Alton. As early as the year 1836, Rev. W. G. Eliot, D. D., pastor of the Unitarian Church of the Messiah in St. Louis, Mo., held occasional services in Alton, preaching to a small congregation either in a school-room or in the office of one Dr. Emerson, brother of the celebrated Ralph Waldo Emerson of Concord, Mass. This was when the facilities of travel were such as made it necessary sometimes to go on horseback or on foot, or else by the river-boat which required eight hours for its trips, stopping twice to " wood up," on the way. Dr Eliot continued his frequent visits for several years, and it is sup- posed some kind of organized society existed as the result of his labors, although no definite records have been preserved. The first regular minister was Rev. Charles A. Farley, who is remembered as an eloquent preacher and excellent man. This preliminary organization, however, became inert and virtually extinct. In October 1853, Rev. W. D. Haley, a young man of character and gifts, came to Alton with a purpose to re- establish the society, and shortly succeeded in awakening such interest as led to the organization now existing, known as " The First Congregational Society oj Alton," which adopted a constitution essentially the same as that of Dr. Eliot's church in St. Louis. Its first board of officers were the fol- lowing : Edward Keating, President; B. F. Barry, Secretary ; Moses G. Atwood, Treasurer; Henry Lea, Marcus H. Top- ping, Geo. B. Ingersoll, L. S. Metcalf and Wm. McBride^ Trustees. On the records of the first year, appear, besides these, the names of the following members : N. Hanson, E. D. Topping, A. K. Root, S. W. Robbins, C. Stigleman, W. A. Piatt, A. L. Corson, Robert Smith, H. W. Billings and George Moody. In January, 1854, it was decided to build a church, and money was raised lor the purpose, the St. Louis society con- tributing $3,500 in aid of the enterprise. Before the close of the year opportunity occurred for the purchase of the Roman Catholic Church and grounds, corner of Third and Alby streets, which church, a massive stone building beau- tiful for situation, had been partly destroyed by fire. Re- construction was at once begun, and the new edifice, costing the society about $13,000, was dedicated October 14, 1855, Rev. G. W. Hosmer, D. D., of Bufl^alo, N. Y., preaching the sermon for the occasion. A church organization was formed with a list of thirty communicants. The ministry of Mr. Haley was closed by his resignation, October 1st, 1856. He was succeeded by Rev. J. G. For- man from Massachusetts, installed May 17th, 1857, under whose earnest ministry the society enjoyed a period of growth and prosperity for the next five years. The war of the Re- bellion being then in progress, he enlisted as a chaplain in the Federal service, and the church was closed from October 1861, until May 1863 ; after which, he returned and cou^ tinned his service for about one year. On his retirement, Rev. Joseph Mason and Rev. D- A. Russell preached, each for a short time, but not as regular pastors. In 1865, Rev. D. H. Clark was called, and continued pastor two years, followed by Rev. H. P. Cutting, two years. In June 1 870, Rev. Isaac Kelso was engaged, and served three years, after which occasional labors were rendered by Rev. Dr. Eliot, Rev. J. L. Douthit and others, until December 1874, when a call was given to Henry C. Hogg, a young man, who with auspicious tokens entered upon a ministry which was sud- denly closed by his death, April 14, 1875. During the three years following, the society was without a minister; yet at no time relinquished its regular Sunday- school service, nor its labors in laying up treasure for future enterprise. In April 1878, a call was extended to Rev. Jud- son Fisher from Wisconsin, who reraaius the pastor to the present time. The same year, a commodious parsonage was built and repairs made upon the church edifice. The society, although deprived by death and lemoval of the larger part of its original members, is financially without debt and in a united and prosperous condition. It embraces about thirty families, and has an active and growing Sunday-school, with a valuable library of 600 well chosen volumes. The following is its board officers for the year 1882: Marcus H. Topping, President ; John S. Roper, Secretary ; Mrs. A. D Spark, Treasurer ; M. H. Topping, Dr. W. A- Haskell, Homer S auford, D. R. Sparks, H. G. McPike, Trustees- THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. BY REV. W. C. LOGAN. The opening years of thel9th century witnessed the intro- duction of Cumberland Presbyterians into Madison County. As early as 1817, perhaps earlier, Mr. Robert Paisley came from Kentucky into Illinois, and settled at or near Edwards- ville, county seat of Madison county. He found none of his HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 325 own religious faith there, but in the community were a few Methodists and Presbyterians, most of whom were converts of the great revival of 1800. Being religious a prayer meet- ing was soon in operation. Being destitute of the means of grace they entered into a verbal agreement to pray both for a revival, and for a minister to preach for them, agreeing to employ the first one that should come, of whatever evan- gelical denomination. Mr. Paisley, feeling anxious that one of his own choice should come, wrote to Rev. Wni. Barnett, of Kentucky, stating the condition of things and urging him to come. Upon the strength of that letter money enough was raised to complete his outfit, and the trip was made. As Mr. Paisley said nothing of what he had done, and as Cumberland Presbyterians were strangers to most of the people, a strong prejudice at first sprang up, but it was speedily overcome. As only a few days' notice was given of the coming of Mr. Barnett, the only place where the meet- ing could be held was at what was called Ebenezer camp ground, about two miles south of Edwardsville. Only one person made profession of religion at that camp meeting, and he was a colored man. Tliij was the first camp meeting held by Cumberland Presbyterians in the state. No organi- zation was effected then, although there seems to have been material. The results of this meeting, however, may be seen to-day. The seed was there sown which sprang up grew and increased, until to-day there are four good, active congregations in the county, which have been instrumental in accomplishing much good. As early as Dec. 1824, Mt. Pisgah congregation was organized at the house of David Robinson, who, with Joseph Robinson, constituted the first session. The minis- ter first in charge was Rev. John Barber, Sr. There were seven charter members. A good meeting continued from the organization for two days, and work then begun seemed to continue and numbers were conistantly added to the membership. Thus the vine was fruitful for some time. Schism, however, entered after a while and caused confusion in the ranks. How long this continued, or what was the history of the congregation further is not known to the wri- ter. In 1841, according to a request sent by the congrega- tion, Vandalia Presbytery divided it, forming therefrom a new congregation. The organization was effected by Rev. J. M. Bone, on Monday, Nov. 1st, 1841, at the house of Robert McKee. The new society was called Goshen. Seventeen of the parent organization became charter mem- bers of the new. Joseph Robinson, Robert and J. N. Mc- Kee constituted the first session. Additions were continually made, and the new organization seemed to flourish under the ministrations of Mr. Bone. The congregation had no house in which to worship, and it is not kuown where their meetings were at first held. The name of the congregation was changed from Goshen to Columbia. The latter is its present name. The change was made between Aug. 13th, 1859, and May 22d, 1864. Rev. John Barber succeeded Mr. Bone as ministerial sup- ply (whether father or son is not stated ) In 1847 Rev. T. K. Hedges became their pastor. For six years (more or less), he served them, and was succeeded by Rev. A. M. AVilson. In 1856, the services of Rev. W. W. Brown were secured, who labored among this people until some time in 18G1. Dur- ing his service the society took steps toward erecting a church house of their own. They received a grant of land by deed dated Aug. 13th, 1859, in trust from Jefferson Fruit and wife for the purpose of erecting thereon a house of worship. la 1861, Rev. C. G. Keown was employed for a part of his time. He served them until the spring of 1863, when the services of Rev. A. Johnson were secured. He remained with them for three years. He was followed by Rev. Wni. Turner. Mr. Turner sustained his relation with them for ten or a dozen year.?, preaching to them, baptizing their chil- dren, marrying their young and burying tluir dead. The congregation flourished during the time he had charge of it. For some time, as early as Aug. 1869, the congregation worshiped in the school-house, and sessional meetings were frequently held in it. In accordance with an arrao ge- ment entered into by the ministers and others interested, a quarterly association was held to discuss questions relative to the prosperity of Cumberland Presbyterians in Madison county. On the Uth of August, 1871, it convened with Columbia congregation. The assembly discussed two questions : How to strengthen and make more efticient the congregations, and how best to promote revivals of religion. Encouraged by the success of the meeting, on Monda}', 14th inst , the male members met in the school-house to consider the ques- tion of building a house of worship. Rev. Joel Knight pre- sided and Rev. J B. Logan acted as secretary. After a full and harmonious discussion a paper for subscriptions was cir. culated ou a basis of not less than $1500. The ofler of John F. Sloan of a site for the house was accepted, and the house was built. It is a neat frame structure, a credit to the comunity in which it stands. After a long and useful service Mr. Turner severed his connection. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. W. J. McDavid, who became the incumbent in 1876, and remained to this day. He is surrounded by a good people by whom he is beloved, and bids fair to do them and the entire community great good. OMPH-GHENT. Omph-Ghent congregation was organized on the 10th of April, 1848, this being the second organization effected in the county. Eleven persons petitioned Vandalia Presbytery to form them into a congregation. The petition was granted, and Rev. J- M. Bone ordered to eflTect said organization. For this purpose the petitioners met at the Omph-Ghent school-house at the time mentioned. Rev. J. M. Bone and T. K. Hedges were present. The ruling elders elected were Daniel Crowder and John B. Robinson. Rev. T. K. Hedges was secured immediately to serve the new congregation. The organization was followed by a protracted meeting, in which the Rev. J. M. Bone assisted the pastor. This meet- ing seemed to be one of unusual interest ; and many were added to the church as its result. It being inconvenient to meet in the school-house, a subscription paper was circulated for the purpose of building a house of worship. Money was secured, the house was built, and on the 15th of September, 326 HIS TOBY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1841, it was solemaly dedicated to God, Rev. J. G. White, preaching the sermon. Two days after Vandalia Presby- tery luet tliere, which resulted iu a protracted meeting of great power. October 6th, a missionary society was formed iu the church to aid Vaudalia Presbytery in its missionary operations. In April, laaO, Mr. Hedges severed his con- nection with the congregation. Presbytery meeting there, ! the services of Rev. Barber were secured for six months, to preach one-half his time. On the 11th of March, liSoO, the session adjourned to meet at Liberty Prairie school-house on Monday evening, April 8th. At, a session meeting September 1st, the services of Mr. Hedges were again engaged with the understanding that he preach in the Omph-Gheut church the first and third Sab- baths in the month, and at Liberty Prairie school-house at night of the same Sabbaihs. On the 19th of June, 1852, the session ordered one of the members to appear and answer to several charges — of misconduct unbecoming the Chris- tian character. These charges show the vigilance exercised in earlv days over members of the church. Mr. Hedges continued as pastor until some time in 18.53, when he became involved in difficulty with his session, because of unlawful power assumed by him and the neglect of duties ordered by the session to be performed. In view of these facts the el- ders resigned their offices — at least until a new minister was secured. This was a heavy blow to the congregation, and threw it into disorder. Some time after the services of Rev. J. B. Logan were secured for one Sabbath in the m nth for one year. His services closed with a series of meetings of profound interest and widespread results. Four mouths later Mr. Logan came to receive members into the church, bringing with him Rev. J. B. Lowrance. These two, with one elder, composed a session. Mr. Logan ceasing his con- nection with the congregation, Mr. Lowrance succeeded him. After six months (October 18.55) Mr. Lowrance, left. During the following winter Rev- A. M. Wilson, of Upper Alton, supplied them. In October, 1856, Rev. W. W. Brown entered upon his duties as their pastor, and continued to serve them till the fall of 1861. At that time Rev. C. G. Keowu was ordered by his Presbytery to su[)ply the congre- gation according to their request. During the winter of 1864 the congregation was without a minister. Rev. A. Johnson was secured in the spring to minister unto them, in cjnnection with Columbia congregation. He served till the spring of 1866, when he resigned. In 1866 Rev. Wm. Turner accepted the call to this church, which then only enrolled the names of 14 members. Tor a number of years he divided his time between Oraph- Ghent and Columbia congregations. During the fifteen years he served Omph-Ghent, he received 66 persons into the church In 1880 there were five elders, one deacon, six addi- tions, four adult and two infant baptisms, fifty-seven commu- nicants, sixty-two in Sabbath-school, two hundred volumes in library. They contributed during ihe year, §60 for the Sunday-school cause, S50 for home missions, $175 for foreign missions, S ?40 for pastor's salary, 865 for supplies, S5.30 for Presbyterial purposes, $88.75 for donation to pastor — total, $695.30. Value of church property, $4,000. After a long and successful pastorate, Mr. Turner gave way in 1881, to Rev. J. W. McDavid. He is a faithful, energetic worker, untiring iu the discharge of duty. He has the esteem of the entire communities where he labors. The congregation has been well trained, and gives liberally to every enterprise of the denomination. While the old parent church at Omph-Ghent is losing its hold, the one at Liberty Prairie is fast in the ascendancy, and is destined ere long to give name to the congregation. At the latter place there is a pretty country church, with many of the modern appli- ances, close to which is a convenient parsonage, all located in a fine farming country. The congregation is prosperous and hopeful. Connected intimately with the history of Omph-Ghent, was Samuel Jb. Miller. Born iu Baltimore, Md., March 7th' 1803, he came to Omph-Gheut in 1839 or 1840. He united with the church soon after its organization, and for more than twenty-seven years was a member and clerk of its Ses- sion. He was a frequent attendant upon the lower judica- tories, and always interested in any plan put forth for the welfare of the church He was eminent also in other circles. Before leaving Baltimore he had taken all the degrees in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and it was his pleasure to organize the first lodge weit of the Alleghenies. He organized the first lodges in St. Louis and Alton. He was indeed the oldest Odd Fellow but one in the United States at the time of his death. After leaving Baltimore he lived for five years in Alton, whence he moved to Omph-Ghent, where he lived the rest of his days. He died at his home, July 25th, 1879, at the ripe age of 76 years. Honorable mention should also be made of John Estabrook, a member of this congregation. He inaugurated the move- ment of sending two young men as missionaries to Japan, by subscribing $1000. Nor did his beneficence in this direction cease here. For several years after he gave each year $100 to the same cause. He died a few years since^ beloved by all. No unfair distinction will be made if notice is taken of J. Russell Newman. Devoted to his church, he has spared neither time nor means to help it advance. The neat little cottage in Liberty Prairie is due largely to his liberality. The parsonage that stands close to it, costing something more than $1 200 was built entirely by him. Omph-Ghent congregation may well be proud of its record. If it has not been great, it has been useful, and bids fair for a long and prosperous career. It is thought it will soon purchase the p rsonage, and hold it as church property. ALTON. Alton congregation has had the most eventful history perhaps of all the congregations in the county, and, in some respects, in the State. A missionary society organized by I Vandalia Presbytery employed Rev. A. M. Wilson as mis- 1 sionary under the bounds of the Presbytery, who reported, in the fall of 1850, a subscription paper for sustaining a missionary at Alton. The proposition met with such favor that in 1853, Rev. T. H Hardwick was employed as a mis- sionary there. He entered upon his work December 1st. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 327 During this time he and others held a meeting of considera- ble interest in Upper Alton, at which there were over 30 pro' fessions, and twenty-sis offered themselves to form an or ganization. Mr. Hardwick. however, became discourajj;e and now there is a better prospect before them than there has been for many years. They have an interesting Sabbath school, which meets each Sabbath morning, and sustains a teachers' meeting in connection therewith. Although not strong, they are prompt to pay their minister, and are hope- ful for the future. This brief sketch is by no means perfect. Blaterial for an accurate account was not at hand, and the lack of time forbade any extensive search. It will serve, however, to show the reader something of what has been done by this particular branch of the great Vine. It has in the county, four organizations, five church-houses, all in good condition with, perhaps, one exception ; all supplied statedly with the means of grace and a membership of five hundred (more or less). There was an organization effected in the American Bottom, but it did not attain much permanency, and is now out of existence. CHURCH OF THE REDEEMER, CONGREGA- TIONAL, OF ALTON. BY REV. E. G. CHADDOCK. The beginning of the movement that resulted in the or- ganization of the church, was the organizing of a Sunday school in the spring of 1858, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association. The first place of meet- ing was the German Methodist church with an attendance of nine pupils. But there was in it a spirit of aggre.ssiveness and there followed a period of rapid growth. Before the close of the year it numbered over a hundred pupils. Several changes of location followed, but notwithstanding, the school continued to prosper not only increasing in number but becoming instrumental in the conversion of many who were added to the several churches of the city. And as no conveniently located hall could be secured, it was finally determined to build, and thus secure a permanent house for the school. In 186S the main building of that now used for a church was erected. The school at that time numbered more than three hundred pupils, and had taken its place among the more efficient moral and spiritual forces of the city. There had been in the Presbyterian church of Alton, from its beginning, many whose early training had been Congre- gational and the propriety of organizing a Congregational church had from time to time been a subject of considera- tion on the part of some of them. On the evening of June 3d, 1870, a preliminary meeting was held at the house of Mr. T. T. Lewis, fifteen persons were present. It was made a subject of prayer, and after a season of devotion, there was a general and free discussion of the propriety of organizing, and all were found to favor it. A committee was appointed consisting of Samuel Wade, James Newman and John Atwood to pre- pare a statement setting forth the reasons and motives that actuated them in the movement. On the 10th of June this committee gave the following report : " Seeing in the present prosperity and large membership of the church with which we stand connected, (the Presby- terian), indications of God's providence pointing to this as a HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 329 time to colonize, we, the undersigned, while grateful for a place in its fold so long, and with most fraterual feelings to- ward all its nieiubars, do rejoice to unite in ourefforUs to build up another church of God of such polity as we think m)st scriptural and best adapted to utilize, and bring out the working force of individual Christians. Looking to the Great Head of the Church for guidance in our Christian work for the salvation of souls and for our growth in grace, we do hereby pledge each to the other our hearty co-opera- tions in prayers, in efforts and in suffering if need be, to plant an organization which shall hold forth the word of Life to souls that are perishing." This statement was adopted and signed by all present. On the 2!)th of July following, The Church of the Re- deemer, of Alton, was duly organized with 48 members. Rev. H, D. Piatt, of Brighton, Illinois, presiding. Thirty of this number had letters from the Presbyte'ian church of Alton. Seventeen had letters from other ciiurches of Alton, and from churches out of the city, and one was received by profession of faith. Soon after eleven more came from the Presbyterian church. A call was immediately extended to Rev. M. K. Whittlesey of Ottawa, Illinois, to become pas- tor of the new church and was accepted. At a meeting held August 27th, a manual was adopted and officers were elect- ed. Oct. 18th, a council convened to recognize the church and install its pastor. Shortly after the action of this coun- cil the church and its pastor were admitted to the Southern Association of Illinois. Very soon the church was to have the chastening which the Word declares shall be given to true children This came in the loss by death of several of those who had been most active in connection with the organiza- tion of the church. During the first year of its history, four were called awaj' and their loss was most seriously felt, but a very considerable number were also added, chiefly by pro- fession and the church had abundant reason to believe it had the Master's approbation in its work. The pastorate of Rev. M. K. Whittlesey continued two years, and he was then dismissed by advice of council that hemi^ht takethe more responsible position of superintendant of Missions for the southern part of Illinois. In December of the same year the church called Rev. Robert West, of Ludlow, Ky , and he began his labors Feb- ruary, 1873. During this same year additions and repairs were made upon the church building, and one of Hook's most excellent organs was placed in the church, a gift from Samuel Wade. During the winter following the church was greatly revived and received a large accession to its membership. Rev. Robert West was installed pastor of the church, April 29th, 1^574, and resigned his pastorate in the autumn of 1876. The church declined to accept it, but he urged the acceptance and the church finally yielded, and his labors closed Oct 12th, 1876, when Mr. West became superintendant of Missions for the State of Missouri. The church had no pastor until March \»i, 1877, when Rev. Geo. C. Adams, of Hillsboro, received a call and began his work. He was installed Sep 28th, 1877, and was dis- missed by council on his resignation, April 20tb, 1881. D.iringhis pastorate a fine parson ige was built and paid for, 42 with the exception of one thousand dollars the land having been a gift of Arba Nelson, one of the members who united with the church at its organization, but who died soon after. Mr. Nelson had planned liberal things for the church, and had he lived would have done much for its spiritual and financial prosperty. During the pastorate of Mr. Adams a very considerable increase in membership was made and it was a period of general prosperity with the church. He left to take charge of a ne* and promising interest in St. Louis, where he is at this time located. On the 17th of July, 1881, a call was evtended to Rev. E. G- Chaddock, of Michigan, and he began his labors the 1st of September, 1881 ; since that time eleven have united with the church, m istly by profession, and arrangements have been nearly completed to pay off' the i)arsonage debt, only one hundred dollars now being needed to have the church clear from debt. The church is united and pros- perous, with a flourishing Sunday-school, and a good congre- gation. The whole number received into the church since its organization is 199 ; of these 100 have been received by profession. The present membership is 147. LUTHERAN CHURCH. BY REV. W \\. WILKEN. The fundamental laws of the United States guarantee perfect religious liberty to all — or, to use the words of Fred- erick the Great — allow all to seek their way to heavenly bliss on their own confession of faith. The German Protest- ant Church has thriven and prospered under those laws of liberty. The church had, however, to encounter many difficulties and overcome them, before it gained the inde- pendent position it now generally enjoys It is proper to state here that the liberal and'material aid extended by the native Americans with a ready and willing hand, has been the means of overcoming the pecuniary difficulties of the beginning. Other and graver ones, however, had yet to be met and conquered ; and this was a diffi -ult task to be per- formed by prudent and cautious clergymen, who had to act as mediators among heterogeneous elements. This was not always done, or, perhaps, injudiciously done, and hence we do meet here and there German Protestant congregations with the worm of di.scord in their vitals. In almost all cases these troubles may be traced to errors and blunders of hasty and inconsiderate preachers. One should bear in mind that the German churches recruit themselves from immigrants from all parts of Germany and Switzerland, and that these people, in many instances, differ widely in their confessions of faith. It was a herculean task to be performed by the leading members. The most violent and stubborn contradictions had to be met, and abrupt lines of division to be obliterated, in order to form and crystalize the heterogeneous elements of Catholic.^, Lu- therans, Calvinists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Trinitarians 330 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. and Unitarians into a homogeneous congregation, the mem- bers of which should not longer quarrel about dogmatical differences, but excel one another in faith and works of love. Faith and love ! It is through them that the founder of our religion will enter our hearts, for He dwelleth not in a confession of faith pronounced by the lip, but liveth and worketh in the heart filled with the truth of His doctrine of love and burning with the sublimity of His Spirit. Such was the spirit penetrating these congregations and animating their members to bear witness of their Christian purity. Thus fell the rugged partition of dogma, for the Church of God is not where confessions of faith are merely spoken, but where the Spirit of the sublime founder of our religion lives and works in the hearts of men. It is nevertheless true, that the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church did, and to this day does, desire to main tain an independent church government, founded on the tra- ditions and the '• Concord ia-Book " of this church ; and that they therefore peremptorily refused, and still refuse, a union of Lutherans and the Reformed, and do not allow communion with others, whose clergymen are even excluded from the Lu- theran pulpits. However, the congr -gations of the Lutheran Synod have made decided progress. Persevering labors and great sacrifices have enabled them to build splendid and mao-nificent churches and schools, and it is apparent that they, like other denominations, know how to erect edifices in which the Lord dwelleth with His Spirit and blessing. Thus has the Protestant church of Madison county suc- ceeded to have most of their congregations develop, without beino- fettered by an exclusive confession of faith. They have retained the Christian religion, as taught in the books of the Old and New Testament, and as explained or defined by the Confession of Augsburg {Confessio Augudana). The " Credo unam sancta7n CaihoUcam et ApostoUcam ecclesiam '' has not yet been reached, but it is drawing nearer; for it is the free and living unity, held up by the ties of peace ; the unity in spirit, developing its various gifts ; the unity of order and concord ; the homogeneous- ness, despite dogmatical differences, which forever seeks, surely finds, and ultimately secures the '' Una Sanda Ec- eleiUi." In order to reach the historical development of the Ger- man congregations in the American Bottom, Madison county, we must refer to the beginning of the church life of the first inhabitants. THE M E. F.BENEZER CHURCH ON CHOUTEAU SLOUGH. This church was erected in 1836. It was an unadorned loo- house, but answered all purposes of the times. A church yard, located in close proximity, became the last resting-place of the weary wanderers, and is to this day, now and then, used as a place of interment. A second church, THE M. E. SIX-MILE CHURCH, was erected in 1840 near the Edwardsville plank-road, si.x miles east of the Mississippi. The most prominent members of these two congregations, whose descendants, now as nu- merous as the stars of the firmament, belong to the first families of the county and state, were : Benjamin Irish, T. J. Irish, Samuel Squire, Peter Barco, Calvin Kinder, Geo. A. Kinder, Samuel Kinder, J. W. Delaplain, J. Davidson, Wesley Lucas, James S. Smith, Th mas G. Lofton, William Atkins, William Snyder, Captain William Gillham, Isaac Gillham, Newton Gillham, George Hayes, John Hayes, Charles Harward, John Woods and Isaac Bradon. Some German and Swiss families, who had arrived at an early day, were cheerfully granted permission to use those buildings as places of worship. The population was constantly increasing, and the neces- sity of a larger place for public worship was universally felt. The Odd Fellows built a large hall in 1852, and had the spacious and beautiful room on the ground floor arranged for a church ; as such it is used to this day. The old church had by this time become rather dilapidated, and was aban- doned by the Americans, while the Germans still used it as a meeting-house. The firmer erected at Kinder station a beautiful brick church in 1856, with foundations of cut stone. The upper flioor is the church-room, and will com- fortably seat four hundred persons, while the lower rooms are used for schools. The German population was now numerous enough to have a congregation of their own. Rev. W. W. Wilken,then a chaplain in the U. S. army, founded the first German congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Confession, in 1861. THE GERM.\N INDEPENDENT EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ST. JOH.^.NNES' CHURCH, A plain, frame building, was erected in the Six-mile Prairie, intended for a church and parochial school. The church was dedicated March 1,1862, by Rev. W. W. Wilken, who was then chosen pastor, and remained in charge for twelve consecutive years. The church building of 1862 had be- come too small for the increasing congregation, and the pro- priety of building a more suitable chur.h was apparent to all members. AVhile all agreed that a larger and hand- somer building should be erected, discussion arose in refer- ence to the site of the proposed church, and the praisewor- thy harmony of the members, which had lasted for so many years, was sadly disturbed. During this agitation an offer was made by the M. E. Church at Kinder station to sell their handsome church, mentioned above, to the Germans of the St Johannes' Congregation. Henry Deterding, Conrad Deterding, Fred. Philipps, Henry Fehling, Louis Hill, Her- man Brandes, Christ Ahrens, William Buenger, and Fred. Beekmau bought the building in 1880, and invited Rev. W. W. Wilken, then p stor of a congregation at Alton, to organ- ize and take charge of this congregation, which now (1881) adopted the name of THE GERMAN EV. LUTHERAN ST. PETER's CONGREGATION AT KINDER STATION. The unmistakable and wonderful success of the new con- o-regation, counting eighty-six members within a few mouths after organization, ought to have induced all members of the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 331 St. Johanues' Congregation to join it. Instead of doing so, they resolved, although not as numerous as the St. Peter's Congregation, to erect a new church on the site of their for- mer frame edifice. The new building was consecrated in 1882. It is a modest, frame building, fairly equipped within, has a steeple and a bell, and is large enough to ajcamm3Jate all for many years to come. FRENCH CONGREGATION IN HELVETIA. DATA FURNISHED BY EEV. L. F. YULLIET. On Sept. 6, 1848, an omnibus brought from St. Louis a dozen of immigrants, hailing from French Switzerland, one of whom was A. E. Bandolier, Constant Rilliet, in later years successor of Bandelier in the Swiss consulate, and as- sociate county justice in 1861, and lastly Rev. Francis VuUiet, a minister of the Free Evangelical Church of Canton Vaud, who had come to America in the hope of finding here freedom of religion, that had been denied to him in his native country, the republic of Switzerland. Soon after his arrival. Rev. VuUiet opened his house for religious worship every Sunday, to all persons speaking French, natives of Switzerland as well as of France. Rev. Vulliet was frequently reminded of the propriety of affiliat- ing with the Presbyterians as nearest to the standard he acknowledged, but he preferred remaining independent. Notwithstanding this freedom from ecclesiastical connections and the willingness of the preacher to allow freedom of action to church members, petty differences appeared before long among the hearers. Some wanted a more familiar form of worship, some a more definite organization. Pastor Vulliet proposed to the disaffected to organize themselves, showing a readiness to help, but not disposed to lead. Some of the congregation had however other views, effected a separation, with the view of establishing, as they said, a stricter discipline and, at the same time, a less vigorous ad- herence to the historical forms of worship. Under the name of the ' Brethren," they started their own meetings in 1850. They formed the nucleus of the congregation of the " Plymouth Brethren," whose church, a frame building, stood for a period of twenty years on Sect. 24, three-fourths of a mile from the town of Sebastopol. A new church has since been erected, half a mile noith of the former. After the secession of the " Brethren " in April, 1851, the remaining members, about a dozen families, continuing to worship with pastor Vulliet, asked him formally to draw a confession of faith for them and to act as their pastor In this way was the French Evangelical Church of Highland organized. Meetings have been held regularly ever since on Sundays, first in the house of one member, then in the house of another, as they moved from the town to the country. This order of things lasted about nine years. In 1858 the church resolved to buy lots and erect therou a building for worship. It became therefore necessary to be incorporated under the laws of the Slate and to elect Trustees. C. Rilliet among them. The church was erected on lots 1 and 2, block 63, of brick, under contract with Niciiolas Rohr ior $1,352.20. The new building was dedicated on the first Sunday of October, 1859. In 1860 Florentine Delassus, Sr , and Louis Vulliet were elected elders Delassus died Dec. 1, 1865. The next to follow was pastor Vulliet, Feb. 21, 1874. Being then under the sole charge of the younger Elder, Louis Vulliet, the church elected him pastor in May, 1*<74, and resolved to perfect their organization by a revision of the constitution and to connect it with the Congregational Churches of America. This last did not take place till April 6, 1876, when the Southern Associatii)n of the Con- gregational churches of Illinois, convened at Bunker Hill, Macoupin county, admitted the French Evangelical Church, by her delegates, as a member of the Association. On the same day Louis Vulliet, one of the delegates of the church in Highland, was ordained to the ministry of the gospel. In 1852 a number of families from North France for the most part converted from Roman Catholicism to the Baptist church arrived at Highland, settling in its vicinity. They first participated in worship with the French Evangelical Church, but their views on communion led them also to hold separate meetings. Thus originated the Bethania Baptist Church, organized near Sebastopol, by Rev. Foulon. The church building, dedicated in 1860, stands to this day on the N. W. corner of the N. E. quarter of section 24, in Hel- vetia township. ALLGEMEINE CHRISTLICHE KIRCHE, HIGH- LAND. FROM DATA FURNISHED BY REV. O. RENTSCHLER. The origin of this congregation dates back to the very foundation of the town. The inhabitants, some of them Catholics, others Protestants of various persuasions were not numerous enough to justify the organization of separate congregations. A most admirable spirit of tolerance per- vaded the colony, and the little meeting-house of 1840 was open to all. It is not uncommon to hear it said that the Germans as a rule are indifferent to religion and even great skeptics. There are of course a number of them inclined that way, but by no means a proportionably greater number than among other nations. In fact, it may be said, that a certain deep religious feeling pervades that nationality, not met with elsewhere. True, they are not loud and noisy in their professions, nor inclined to punish their flesh in the adoration of Him on High. Their poet's rapturous excla- mation : "O wunderschoen ist Gotte's Erde, uud werth dar- auf vergnuegt zu sein." O beautiful is God's wide earth, well worthy to enjoy life's pleasures thereon ! is appreciated, thoroughly understood and universally practiced by that people. The popular songs of the German, his " Volks- 332 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. lieder," breathe the very spirit of chaste and beautiful religion and worship, for instance : Wer hat dich du schoener Wald aufgebaut So hoch da droben ? Wohl den Meister will ich loben, so lang Noch mein Stimm erschallt ! (Who has built up the beautiful forest on yonder height? O, Jet me praise the Master as long as voice is left in me !) These " Volkslieder" might in many instances be called hymns, which in fact they are. But to return to the subject. The historical sketch of the Catholic churches gives the names of the priests, who conducted the religious services in the colony. Among the Protestant clergymen adminis- tering to the religious wants there, we mention first Rev. Rieger, a Lutheran Missionary, who visited the colony from time to time in 1840, 1841 and 1842. He was a devout Christian and a good man. His memory is cherished by the few survivors of that period to this day. Rev. Ciolina officiated in 1843 and 1844, Villnier in 1845. Rev. Douy, of Belleville, in 1847, Rev. Reineke, stationed at Marine, in 1848, Rev. Meier of St. Louis, in 1849 and 1850. The name of "Allgemeine Christliche Kirche " (a church for Chris- tians of all denominations) was adopted in 1850, when a per- manent organization was eflected. The following clergymen have conducted the religious services there, to wit : Rev. Krauss, 1850, Rev. Lepique, 1851, Rev. Mueller 1852 and 1853, Rev. Rettig, 1854 and 1855, Rev. Lepique, a second term, from 1856 to 1860, Rev. Luchsinger from 1860 to 1862, Rev. Schuepbach from 1862 to 1867, Rev. Mettel- mann from 1867 to 1879. The congregation erected a beautiful church edifice in 1878. Rev. G. Rentschler suc- ceeded Rev. Mettelraann, May 1, 1879. The interior of the building was finished during the year, an excellent organ procured and three church bells purchased. Rev. Rentsch- ler organized a church choir, composed of ladies and gen- tlemen, and placed it under the directions of C. H. Seybt, who by zealous and untiring efi'orts, backed by talent and skill, has succeeded in making his choir peer to any in the country. The church membership is constantly increasing, and embraces now one hundred and forty families. A Ladies' Association, counting over one hundred mem- bers, whose object it is to be charitable to the needy, to take care of the sick and to be good and kind to all, was called into existence by the persistent efforts of Rev. G. Rentschler, the present pastor of this most tolerant and highly interest- ing church organization. EDWARDSVILLE. t«-»^ IIOMAS KIRKPATRICK, a South Carolinian, in the year 1805 made the first settlement on the site of Edwards- ville. The piece of land on which he built his cabin was a militia claim of one hundred acres, on Cahokia Creek, ori- ginally granted to Pierre Lejoy. This (.ff^^^Qc-s^ claim covered the northwest part of the ^kX present town. When the Indian troubles which preceded the war of 1812-14, be- gan, a block-house was built for the protection of the several families which, by that time, had settled in the vicinity. This structure was known as Thomas Kirkpatrick's fort, and was an important link in the chain of military stations which guarded the Illinois frontier from the attacks of the savages. It stood to the north of the old court-house about three hundred yards from the banks of Cahokia Creek. It is said to have been built by a military company of which John G. Lofton was captain, William Jones, first lieutenant and Daniel G. Moore, second lieutenant. The county of Madison having been organized in 1812, Kirkpatrick's farm was selected as the best location for the seat of justice. At the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick, on the fifth day of April, 1813, the court of common pleas for JIadison county held its first session. At this term of court Kirpatrick obtained license to keep a public house. The first merchant in the town was Abraham Prickett, and the second Benjamin Stephenson. Their stores were opened in 1815 or 1816. John T. Lusk was proprietor of the first hotel. In 1816 a town was surveyed by Kirkpatrick, and called Edwardsville, in honor of Ninian Edwards, then the territorial governor of Illinois. The growth of the new town was rapid. In a few years it attained a population of several hundred, and numbered among its citizens many in- fluential and distinguished men. Governor Edwards made it hi^ residence, a bank was established, it became the seat of the United States land office and to the town flocked en- terprising and talented men who deemed it the best point in the state from which to push their schemes for gaining wealth or' securing political advancement. The first mention of a government for the town is in 1819, on the twenty-third of February of which year an act was passed by the state legislature, appointing Benjamin Ste- phenson, Joseph Bowers, Robert Latham, John Todd, Jo- seph Conway, Abraham Prickett and Theophilus W. Smith a board of trustees. On the third of the following May, an election was held at which Abraham Prickett, James AVatts> John Todd, Robert Pogue, William Holland, Palemon H- Winchester and William L. May were chosen Trustees. At this election Josias Randle, Abraham Prickett and Paris Mason acted as judges, and John Y. Sawyer and Stephen Dewey as clerks. The trustees elected in 182(1, were Ed- ward Coles, John Y. Sawyer, David Swett, Josias Randle, John T. Lusk, Joshua Atwater and Paris Mason. In 1819, Benjamin Stephenson, Ninian Edwards, Theophi" lus W. Smith, John Todd and others petitioned the board o tru-tees that a tract of land owned by them adjoining the town and which they had laid off" into lots, should be an- nexed to and made a part of the town of Edwardsville. In the "Sketches of the Western Country." published by E. Dana, in 1819, Edwardsville is described as " a flouri.^hing town, containing si.Kty or seventy houses, a court-house, jail, public bank, printing office, which issues a weekly paper, and a United States land office of which Col. Stephenson is re- ceiver." " As this county embraces all the lands above, east of the Mississippi river, and all the bounty lands in Illinois,' the writer goes to state, " soldiers' patents and grants of Illinois bounty lands are recorded here. In the vicinity of the town is a society of Methodists. There is an extensive tract of land around this spot of an excellent quality on which many plantations have been opened. But, unfor- tunately for settlers, the most valuable tracts have been mo- nopolized by speculating men who are non-residents." EARLY CITIZENS OF EDW.VRDSVILI.E. The names given above of persons connected with the early government of Edwardsville, furnish a fair list of the leading men in the town about the year 1820. Benjamin Stephenson was a Virginian by birth. He came to this state from Kentucky in 1809. He served as sheriff" of Randolph county, and was colonel in the military service in two cam- paigns of the war of 1812-14. He was elected delegate to congre.ss from the territory of Illinois in 1811, and when the land office was established at Edwardsville was made the first receiver. He was an ardent Democrat in politics, an admirer of Andrew Jackson, and his sentiments were strongly pro-slavery. He was quiet, unpretentious and agreeable in his manners, and attended to his duties as re- ceiver of the land office with much faithfulness. He died at Edwardsville, about 1824. Dr. Joseph Bowers was one of the early physicians of Edwardsville. With his profession he united the occupation of a farmer. He removed to Carlinville, and represented Macoupin county in the state legislature. Dr. John Todd 334 HISTORY OF MADISOIf COUNTY, ILLINOIS. was a pronjiiunt represfiitalive of the medical profession He came fioni Lexington, KeLtucky, and was the brother of Robert Todd, who was the father of the wives of Abraham Lincoln and Ninian Edwards. He was a Whig in politics- He resided in Edwardsville, on Main street, where Judge Joseph Gillespie now lives. A log bouse was here first erected by Dr. Bowers to which Dr. Todd made a frame ad- dition. He subsequently became a citizen of Springfield, where he practiced medicine some years and died. Joseph Conway came to Illinois from Maysville, Ken- tucky, and settled at Kaskaskia in 1812, and there engaged in the practice of law. During the war of 1812-14 he was in the contractor's department on the frontier. From Kaskaskia he came to Edwardsville. For some years he filled the office of circuit clerk ; he was elected a member of the state senate in 18-4, and represented Madison county as senator till 1833. He removed to the northern part of the state, and was killed by a lall from the upper to the lower deck of a steamboat on the Mississippi river, near Kock Island. Jaines, Paris and Hail Mason were natives of New Hamp- shire. James Mason purchased Kirkpatrick's interest in the original town ; he removed from Edwardsville in 1833. He was the founder of the town of Grafton, on the Mississippi, in Jersey county. Paris Mason carried on the milling busi- ness. Hail Mason was one of the early justices of the peace; be removed to Scarritt's prairie, in Godfrey town, bliip. Abraham Piickett, the pioneer merchant in Edwardsville, wiis born near Lexington, Kentucky, and first came to Madison county in 1808. He was employed for some time in the drug business in St. L -uis, and then opened a store in Edwardsville. The first county court of Madison county, held in 1813, granted him a license to retail merchandise. About the year 1825 he removed to Adams county, and made an addition to the present city of Quincy. While a resident of that part of the state he was engaged in trade with the Indians. While at work on a contract to clear a portion of the Red river from snags and other obstructions to its navigation, he died, at Natchitoches, Louisiana, in 1836. He was the postmaster at Edwards- ville for a number of years; he was a delegate from Madi- son county to the convention which assembled at Kaskaskia in July, 1818, and framed the first constitution of the state of Illinois, and was a member of the first legislature which met after the admis.'ion of the state into the Union. His son, George W. Prickett, now a resident of Chicago, is said to have been the first white child born in Edwardsville. Isaac Prickett, who in 1815, had settled in St. Louis, cime to Edwardsville in 1818, and engaged in the mercan- tile business in partnership with his brother Abraham. He afterward established a store on his own account, which he carried on for many years, in the brick building on Main street, in which Mrs. Nancy Eberhardt now lives. He was postmaster, public administrator, quartermaster- general of the militia and inspector of the Illinois peni- tentiary. From 1838 to 1842 he filled the oflice of receiver of public moneys for the laud office at Edwardsville. He died in 1S44. Palemon H. Winchester was born either in Virginia or Tennessee, in 1794. On the evening of Saturday, January 29, 1824, he killed Daniel D. Smith, recorder of Pike county, and his trial, on the charge of murder, was one of the most interesting in the records of the early Illinois courts. He was acquitted. He removed to Mac .upiu county, opened the first law office in Carlinville, served there for several years as judge of probate, and died in 1F60. Theophilus W- Smith was a lawyer and politician. la 1822 he was elected a member of the state senate. In 1825 he was made one of the judges of the supreme court, and was on the bench till 1842. He possessed fine judicial ability, but could never entirely abstain from dabbling in politics. He was strongly pro-slavery in his sympathies, and was one of the leaders of the "Convention party" in 1824. He established the Illinois Republican, at Edwards- ville, in the interest of the slavery movement. John T. Lusk was born in South Carolina, November 7, 1784. In 1791, his father, James Lusk. removed to Ken- tucky, and established a ferry across the Ohio river, opposite the present town of Golconda. This was widely known as Lusk's ferry, and a creek which empties into the Ohio iu the vicinity bears to this day the name of Lusk creek. In 1805 John T. Lusk came to Madison county, and settled in the neighborhood of svhere the town of Edwardsville is now built. In 1809 he married Lucretia. daughter of Charles Gillham. She was the only one of his eight children who remained in Madison county. He was in the ranging service during the war of 1812-14. AVhile the men were absent, the women sought refuge in the fort, or block- house, and Mr. Lusk's wife was appointed their captain. She was an excellent rifle-shot, and had plenty of spirit and bravery. When Edwardsville began its growth, he moved into the town and erected a building of heavy hewn logs, a story and a half in height, with three rooms on the ground floor, in which he opened the first hotel in Ed- wardsville ; he kept this hotel for some-years. He served as dt-puty circuit clerk under Hail Mason, and afterward filled the office of county clerk ; he was also recorder and postmaster. He died December 22, 1857. Joshua Atwater was one of the earliest school-teachers in Edwardsville. He emigrated from Westfield, Massachu- sett.«, to St. Claircounty,iu 1801, and taught school in Illinois as early as the year 1807. He became a citizen of Madi- son county in 1817. He was a man of New England edu- cation and habits. He wa-" the founder of, perhaps, the first charitable institution organized in the Territory of Illinois. This society, which was formed March 1st, 1809, was called the "Charitable Society," and its members bound them- selves to make quarterly contributions to a fund which was to be employed for the relief of the oppressed and afflicted of all ranks and colors, without discrimination or preju- dice." The constitution is drawn up in the handwriting of Mr. Atwater, and his name, although he was then a poor man, appears at the head of the list for the highe.t amoun HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 335 subscribed.* He began the mercantile business in Edwards- villa in 1820, which he carried on till 1837. One of the most remarkable men who ever lived in Ed- wardsvile was James D. Henrj'. He worked in the town a? an ordinary shoemaker, occasionally showing evidence of a brutal and passionate nature, but subse(iuently achieved dis- tinction in the Black Hawk war and became the nominee of the " People's party," for the position of governor of the state. He was born in Pennsylvania. At Delaware, Ohio, in 1816, he had a fight in the shop in which he was working, and whipped three or four of his brother siioemakers, and then left the town in haste. He journeyed down the Ohio and up the Missis*ippi river in a keel boat, landing at the mouth of Wood river. He came to Edwardsville in 1822. His education was deficient, and he attended a night school taught by William Barrett, where he gained his first know- ledge of arithmetic. His passions were revengeful and un- controllable when aroused, and his physical strength and readiness to fight, gave him the reputation of a dangerous antagonist. He fancied that a negro named Jarret, who belonged to Joseph Conway, had insulted him, and he inflicted on the black man a terrible revenge. The negro had taken refuge in the stable of Rowland P. Allen, whence Henry dragged him forth. Stripping him of all his clothing, except his trousers, he fastened him to the end of the horse rack in the public street. He had procured five hitkory withes as the instru- ments of punishment, and laying a sword and pistol on a block within three feet of his victim, with a dagger in one hand and whip in the other, he began to lash the poor negro unmercifully. When the negro drew back on the rope and begged for mercy Henry would draw the keen edge of his bowie knife over the negro's naked abdomen and threaten him with instant death unless he submitted quietly to the punishment. Court was in session, and a hundred men were in town, present and looking on, including the sheriff and other officers of the law, but none dared to in- terfere. When he had used up his second, or third whip, the wife of Rowland P. Allen heard the negro's cries and ran to his rescue. Appealing to the men present in vain, she went back to her kitchen, and procuring a formidable carving knife, rapidly approached and cut the rope by which the negro was bound. Henry stood still with aston- ishment, suspending his blow in the air, and as the woman led the negro away .said threateningly that a woman might lie his hands but it would not have been well for any man to have done to oppose him. This is the dark side of Henry's character. He was am- bitious, and possessed an intense longing for militar}' fame. He was fond of hearing of the exploits of Cresar and Na- poleon, and the other great generals ol the world, and Judge Joseph Gillespie, then a boj', was accustomed to spend hours in his shop, reading to Henry, while he worked, of the achievements and campaigns of celebrated warriors. He left his trade to engage in the mercantile business. In 182() *.A.niong the signers are Jesse Walker, William Scott, Fen. M. Pia't, John Ererett, David Everett, William Barioi, Ih )mas Kirk- palrick, Robert McMaban and Giles Maddux. he moved to Springfield. He was elected sheriff of Sanga- mon county, and filled the office with satisfaction. The Black Hawk war gave him at last the opportunity for which he longed. His genius for military affairs soon gained him distinction, and he came to be recognized as the ablest and most successful general of the war. In his person he was si.K feet in height and well formed. In his disposition he was exceedingly modest and retiring, and sometimes gloomy and melancholy. At long inter- vals he indulged in spells of intoxication, and then, if his anger was excited, he was reckless and desperate. The fear of danger never entered his breast. The unfortunate cir- cumstances of his birth made him sensitive and diffident, and he avoided the society of ladies. At the close of the Black Hawk war the citizens of Springfield gave a splen- did entertainment in honor of his military services, and it is said that during the evening he never once appeared iu the apartment where the ladies presided. He died among strangers at New Orleans, on the fourth of March, 1834, and such was the peculiarity of his disposition that he never in- firmed his attendants at the hotel of his identity as General James D. Henry of the Black Hawk war. Erastus Wheeler became a citizen of Edwardsville in 1819. He was born in Otsego county, New York, in 171)7. He was a soldier in the war of 18r2-'14, and was present and participated at the battle of Lundy's Lane, and the siege of Fort Erie. He enlisted in the Black Hawk war in 1831, and in the campaign of the following year was captain of a company under Gen. Samuel Whiteside. He was a cap- tain in Col. Bissells regiment in the Mexican war. Josias Handle, the first county clerk and an early promi- nent citizen, is mentioned fully in a biography. Five persons, who filled the office of governor of the State, were for various periods residents of Edwardsville in early days. These were Niiiian Edwards, Edward Cole.s Joseph Duncan, John Reynolds, and Thomas Ford Among other distinguished men who made the place their home, were Jesse B Thomas, sr., United States Senator from 1818 to 1829; Daniel P. Cook, the first representative in Con- gress after the admi | April 30, 1816 Xatiri Pope Oct. 31, 1818, Nov. 13, 1818 Appointed Judge. Edward CoIps . . . Mar. 5, 1819 Jan. 5, 1 820 Re-signed. William P. McKce. j J an. 13, 1S23 Sani'l. II. Thomp.-on 'Jan. 17, 18.3S Died Mar. 19. 1842. \le.x. W. Jones May 14, 184-2 Died Jan. 1845. Jacol) Judv .... I Mar. 12, 184.5; Matihew Gillespie .1 'Mar. 16, 1849 >iMiLliael G. Dale... . i iMar. 21, 1853| Benj. Stephenson. . .' April 29, 1816 Samuel D. Lockwood 'Jan. 28, 1823 Janus Mason .... May 21,182.') Jan. 4, 1826 July 3, 1820 E. J. \Ve.st. . . . , Benj. F. Edwards. Ale.v. M. .lenkins. Isaac Prickett . . John G. Cameron. Blueford Johnson . W. A. J. Sparks. . |Oct. 10, 1849 Not Confirmed. Dec. 17, 1829 Resigned Mav 3,'.%. July 5, 18301 " Mar. 14, '38. April 5, ls38lDicd July 1-5, '44. Jan. 23, 184.5 Resigned Dec. 3, '49. Ang. 27, 18.50, Mar. 30, 18o3| THE BANK OF EDWARDSVILLE. The act incorporating the bank of Edwardsville became a law on the 9th of January, 1818. It was provided that the capital stock should not exceed three hundred thousand dollars, to be divided into shares of fifty dollars each. One third might be subscribed for by the legislature of the terri- tory or state. As soon as fifty thousand dollars should be subscribed and ten thousand dollars actually paid in, the corporation might commence business and issue their notes accordingly. At the time of making the subscription it was directed that five dollars should be paid on each share, iu gold or silver, or bank bills that could command the same, the residue of the stock to be paid at such times and in such installments as the directors might order, although no single installment should exceed tweuty five per cent, on the s:ock subscribed for, aud St least sixty days' notice should be given in one or more newspapers of the territory. If any subscriber should fail to make the second payment the sum originally paid should be forfeited to the corporation. The corporation which was styled " The President, Direc- tors and Company of the Bank of Edwardsville" was char- tered to continue till the fiist day of January, 1838. The management of its afl^airs was placed iu the hands of a board of nine directors of whom not less than four should consti- tute a board for the transaction of business. The cashier was required to give bond in the sum of not less than ten thousand dollars. ^The total amount of debts which the corporation might at any time owe, whether by bond, bill, note, -or other contract, should not exceed twice the amount of the capital stock actually paid over, and above, the moneys there actually deposited in the bank for safe keeping. In case of excess the directors should be liable for the same in their individual capacities. It was directed that half-yearly dividends should be made of so much of the profits of the bank as should be deemed expedientand proper, and that the corporation should not at any time suspend, or refuse payment in gold or silver, of any of its notes, bill.^ or obligations, or of any moneys received on deposit. Benjamin Ste])henson, James Mason, John Mc- Kee, Joseph Conway, and Abraham Prickett, or any three of them, were appointed commissioners for receiving subscrip- tions. An organization was effi?ctcd under this charter in 1818, and the bank placed in operation. In the only newspapers, of Kaskaskia and Edwardsville, there are notices calling for successive installments on the shares of capital stock. 3iO HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Benjarahi J. Senrard, was the cashier in 1819. and was suc- ceeded by K. T. McKeuuey. The tstablishnient of the bank, and tlie issue of its notes, had for a time a favorable iuflu- euce on the prosperity of Edwardsville, but like all the other banking enterpiises oT that time in the state, the in- stitution faikd and its notes fell to a value of less than fifty cents on the dollar. EARLY HOTELS. The first hotel in Edwardsville, built by John T. Lusk, was on Main S reet where now stands a building owned by Jacob Dengenfeldtr, and used as a saloon and grocery store. It was a long log building, and had three large rooms fronting the street. After Lusk closed out the hotel, the centre of these rooms he used for the post-office. One end was rented to Mrs. Howard who kept a pie and cake shop, and in the other a saloon at diflerent times was carried on by various parties The old Wiggins hotel stood on the public square, east from the old jail. It had an extensive and fashionable pa- tr.inage, and many distinguished men ate and slept within its walls. Before its door swung the sign of Gen. Washington. Its walls were so badly cracked by an earthquake that it was found necessary to abandon the building. It was pur- chased by I-iaac Prickett, who tore the building down, and with the brick were built the two small houses ttill standing on Main Street, between the residences of Judge Joseph Gillespie and Dr. Weir. William H. Hopkins carried on a hotel in " upper town. " It was a frame building, and stood opposite the southeast corner of the public square near the residence of Henry C. Gerke. A second hotel was built by John T. Lusk, on the spot now occupied by the Wabash hotel. It was a large frame building, and was destroyed by fire in 1839. Meriam Pat- terson kept this hotel for a time. His successor was Horatio G Street, and he was fiillowed by Cassius Hesket. While Street was proprietor, about the year 1830, it was re- nowned for the excellence of its fare and the superior man- ner in which it was conducted. The ftvshionable people of St. Louis patronized it during the summer months, and on Sundays it was a frequent resort of the citizens of Alton who drove over for the purpose of obtaining a good meal and having, at the same time, a day's recnation. It was during Hesket's administration that the old frame building burned down. The present brick structure was at once erected in its place, and was considered, in that day, a remarkably fine specimen of architecture. OLD BUILDINGS. There are four houses in Edwardsville that have been standing since 1818. All are in the lower town. The first is the frame building now occupied as a store by William Hainlan. The second is the building just below Prickett's old store, now owned by Mr?. Eberhardt. It was originally built of logs, and has since been covered with weather board- ing. Dr. De Camp lived in this house in 1818. It was at one time also the residence of Alexander Jenkins. The third is the frame house on Main Street in which Mrs. Sido now lives. Paris Mason occupied this house as a residence in 1818. Pjlemou H. Winchester, once lived in it. EARLY MAILS. The residents of Edwardsville, sixty years ago, were content to receive their letters once a week. In 1823 the mails all arrived and departed during the latter part of the week. The eastern mail arrived every Friday morning at nine o'clock, and fifteen minutes afterward de- parted for St. Louis. Returning from St. Louis it reached the town at ten o'clock Saturday morning and proceeded east with little delay. The western mail arrived Friday afternoon at five o'clock, and departed the next morning at half-past six. A mail from the south arrived Saturday noon. One left for CarrolUon every other Saturday, and returned the following Tuesday. In 1824, a weekly mail for the southern part of the state left Edwardsville, meeting at Belleville the mail from St. Louis to Shawneetown. In September, 1824, the time of the departure of this mail was changed from Thursday to Saturday evening, of which the editor of the S/jedator com- plains as the new arrangement deprived him of his facilities for supplying his subscribers in the southern part of the state with their papers. In 1824, the mail between St. Louis and Vandalia, known as the great Eastern mail, by which the main bulk of matter for the post office reached Ed- wardsville, passed through the town, going east, on Thursdays and westward on Saturdays. About this period general complaints were made about the irregularities of the mails. Sometimes newspapers were months in reaching their desti- natioQ. The mail bags were frequently surcharged with numerous public documents and blanks of various descrip- tions, which it was the practice of the goverment departments to forward in this manner to public offices in the AVest. The Spectator observes that great and important improve, ments in the mail establishment are contemplated, the pro- position having been made to convey the mail by stages three times a week each way instead of making one trip on horseback. On the first of April 1820, the Edwardsville postmaster, David Prickett, advertised that there were letters re- maining in the office uncalled for, for one hundred and sixty-two parties. The town, then the location for the land office, was the common point of destination for emigrants from the East, many of them on their arrival scattering to the settlements on the northern frontier and this may ac- count for the large number of uncalled for letters. In 1832, a line of four horse coaches between St. Louis and Springfield was established. Leaving St. Louis every Thursday and Sunday at six o'clock in the morning, a stop was made for dinner at Edwardsville, and Springfield was reached at two o'clock in the afternoon of Friday and Mon- day. The stages left Springfield on Thursday and Sunday mornings; the passengers had breakfast at Edwardsville the next morning and arrived in St. Louis at two o'clock in the afternoon. The fare was five cents per mile. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 341 EARLY SCHOOLS. In the Spectator of 1820, Madame De Jerome announces that she has opened an academy of science in which all will be taught the French language, geography, with use of globes, history, drawing and arithmetic. iShe also professes her readiness to teach young ladies the art of embroidery and needle work. Instruction was given to children in the rudiments of the English language. The school was open every day in the week, excepting Saturdays and Sundays, from nine to twelve in the morning, and from two to five in the afternoon. In her advertisement, which is dated October 10th, 1820, IMadame De Jerome states that if parents or guardians, disposed to favor her school, should doubt her ability to teach the branches named, she is willing to submit to an examination as to her qualifications. This was doubt- less the first scho d of the kind in Edwardsville. Ordinary subscription schools, in which the common English branches were taught, had previously existed. One of the early teachers wa^ Joshua Atwater, who taught a couj)le of years previous to 1820, when he relinquished the avocation of a teacher and opened a store. Don Alonzo Spaolding. during six months of the year 1S19, taught school in E Iwardsville. The first schools were mostly " loud schools,'' in which all the pupils studied their lessons aloud, so that they ould be heard at some distance away. The earliest schools were all taught by men. • Wheu the directors were urged to employ a young woman, who had come from the E.ist, the reply was that a lady would never succeed in niinaging the boys. The experiment was tried, however, and it was found that the young lady. Miss Hastings, had no trouble in controlling the boys, and maintained an excel- lent school. In 1829 John York Sawyer taught school in a frame building, which still stands on Main street, on a lot adjoin- ing the jail property. This building then faced another direction, and stood further back from the street, on the brow of the hill. Sawyer taught till he became the editor of the Speditor. He was succeeded liy Thomas Atwater, a brother to Joshua, and by au Englishman by the name of Scandrit, whose speech was strongly marked by a British accentuation. Mrs. Stearns subsequently kept a school iu the house which afterward became the residence of Matthew Gillespie, and in which Dr. Fifgenbaum now lives. Some of the older children used to attend, between 1830 and 1S40, a school taught by John Barber, three miles south of the town. Barber was a man of superior education and an excellent teacher. The E Iwanlsville Female Academy was established in May, 1831, through the eiiorts of James Mason, William P. Mclvee, Dr. B. F. Edwards, John Adams and other leading citizens. B. Y. Messenger was the secretary of the board of trustees. The tuition was from two dollars and fifty cents to three dollars and fifty cents per (juarter. The school was held in a frame building, erected for the purpose, on Third street. Miss Alden came from the East to take charge of the academy, but her connection with the school was severed by her marriage to the Rev. Mr. Jenney, a Presbyterian minister of Alton. The next principal was Miss Chapin, who became the wife of the Rev. Mr. Hale, a Presbyterian clergyman of Springfield She was succeeded by Miss Loomis, daughter of a Baptist minister. She married Cyrus Edwards The school had a good patronage but the rapid changes in the faculty, occasioned by the marriage of its principals, destroyed its usefulness. After the academy was discontinued, the building was used for a time for a p ibiic school, but was afterward removed to the corner of Thira and Purcell streets, and is now occupied by T. C. Clark as a grocery store. A Presbyterian minister named Young, taught a parochial school for some years, which was attcndeil by children be- longing to families connected with his congregation. Samuel AUard taught school several years in the old academy build- ing He afterward became a teacher in Shurtlefl' College. In 1838, a man by the name of Gibson, who was said to be a minister, taught school. He drank whisky, ate o]>ium, and preached an occasional volunteer sermon. Among subsequent teachers were Messrs Dwight, Potter and Teriy. CHURCH E.S. The earliest religious organization in Edwardsville was a Pre.ibyterian Church, which was formed on the seventeenth of March, l8l9, with fifteen members. There was preach- ing at occasional intervals ; but iu a few years the society became extinct. It was revived by the Presbytery of Alton about 1828. The Rev. James Ewing was pastor from 184.5 till his death in 1818. The congregation used the Baptist church during this time. In 1856 the Episcojjal church was lea>ed. The latter ye.ir the Rev. L. P. Bates became pastor. He died in 1859. The Meth-idiat Episcopal Church was organized December, 1827. The original class-book shows that the members of the class were Richard Rau'lle, Rsv. Washingt>n C Ballard, Elizabeth Ballard, Thornhill Ballard, Mary Brooks, Rebecca Atwater, Ji>el Neff", Sarah Wright, Josias Handle, Heiress Baker, Marilda Wilder, Samuel A. Walker, Mary Ballard, Alexander Miller, Aletha Ballard, Agnes H. Ballard, Eliza- beth Gibson, Alworth Baker, Mary Adams, William Galli- gher, William P. Mjlvee, Sarah H. M^Kee, Hail Mason, Grace Mison, Joshua Atwater, Aun M Randle, William Mil- ler, Katherine Miller, Alexander White, Susamiali Kendall, Julia Ann Atwater, Sarah Cotter, Elizabeth Randle, Hosea Armstrong, Samuel McNeal and Roland Ballard. The church membership having increased in 1830, it was de- termined to build a house of worship. James Mason gave the congregation a lot, on which was erected in 1831, a plain frame building, forty by sixty feet in dimensions. This gave ])lace to the present brick building, which was constructed in 1854. The Biptist Church was organized at the house of Dr. B. F. Edwards, in 1828. The Rjv. Mr. Bradley was pastor for some time during the early history of the society. The first church building erected by the congregation is now used as an engine-house. St- Mary's Catholio Church was regilarly organized in 1843, and a frame church edifice erected. Previous to this Catholic services had beeu held in Edwardsville at irregular 342 RISTOEY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. intervals. The Rev. Mr. Reiss was one of the early pas- tors. St. Bouit'ace's church, a congregation of Catholic CJerinans, was formed in 1867, and a church building erected that year. St. Andrew i Pi-otestant EpUeopxl Church was organized in 1841. A commodious frame church building was soon af- terward erected, in which services were held for a number of years- The German MethodUls held religious services in Ed- wardsville as early as 1847, and it 1860 the congregation at EJrtardsville was made a separate charge. INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. A meeting of the citizens of Eviwardsville ivas held on / Saturday, the thir ieth of May, 1837, at the oourt-house, at which a vote was taken on the question of whether or not the town should become an incorporated place, under the general law of 1831. James Wilson was chosen president, ■ and William T. Brown, clerk. Fifty-seven votes were cast in favor of the incorporation, and seven in the negative. February 10th, 1853, the town was again incorporated by special act of the Legislature, which provided that the cor- porate powers and duties of said town shall be vested in five trustees who shall be elected on the first Monday in April of each year. This organization existed until Oct. 23d, 1872, when it was organized as a city under the general law. INDIAN TREATY AT EDWARDSVILLE. In early days the Kickapoo Indians visited Edwardsville to obtain their annuities from Ninian Edwards, who then acted as Indian agent. Traces of their camps in the vicinity of the town, and the peculiar marks made by their stripping the bark from trees, were visib'e for many years afterward. On the sixth of August, 1819, the commissioners on the part of the government of the United States and the chiefs of the Kickapoo tribe, negotiated a treaty by which the United States purchased an extensive tract of land, covering the central part of the state, and estimated to contain ten million of acres, bounded by a line comenciug at the mouth of the Illinois river, and running eastwardly by the old purchase Hue to the line dividing the state of Illinois and Indiana, thence north to the Kankakee river, and thence down said river and the Illinois to the place of be- ginning. The United commissioners were Benjamin Stephenson and Auguste Chouteau.* * The treaty is as follows : Aktici.e 1. The undersigned chiefs and warriors, for themselves and their said tribe, for and in consideration of the premises and stipulations hereinafter made, do hereby cede and relinquish to the United Slates .forever all their right, interest and title of, in and to the following tracts of land, viz : All their lands on the southeast side of the Wabash river, including the principal village in which their ancestors for- merly resided, consisting of a large tract, to which they have had from time immemorial, and now have a just right that they have never heretofore ceded, or otherwise disposed of, in any mannpr whatever, also all the land within the following boundaries, viz: Beginning at the Wabash river at the upper point of their cession, made by the second ariiile of their treaty at Vincennes, on the 9th of December, ISOy, running thence northwestwardly, to the dividing line betNveen the EARLY MANUF.VCTURING ENTERPRISES. The first step in the way of manufacturing enterprises in Edwardsville was the old water mill of Thomas Kirkpatrick. This mill passed into the hands of Paris Mason, who carried it on for some years till the floods in the Cahokia caused such frequent damage that its maintenance was no longer profitable. About the year 1818 Josias Randle, the first county clerk of Madison county, con.structed an ox mill near his residence which, after his death, was carried on by Josiah states of Illinois and Indiana, thence along said line to the Kankakee river, thence with said river to the Illinois river, thence down the latter to its mouth, thence with a direct line, to the northwest corner of the Vincennes tract, as recognized in the treaty with the Pianke- shaw tribes of Indians at Vincennes, on the the 3')th of December, ISOo, and thence with the western and northern boundaries of the ces- sions heretofore made by the said Kickapoo tribe of Indians, to the beginning of which last described tract of Laud the said Kickapoo tribe claim a large portion by descent from their ancestors, and the balance by conquest from the Illinois Nation, and uninterrupted jios- session for more than a half century. Article 2. The said tribe hereby confirm all their former treati&s with the United States, and relinquish to them all claim to every portion of thi^ir lands which may have been ceded by any other tribe or tribes, and all and every demmd which they might have had in consequence of the second article of the treaty made with the PottHW- attomie Nation of Indians at St. Mary's on the 2d of Oct. 1818 (pro- claimed Jan. 15th, 1819). Article 3. The said tribe acknowledge themselves now to be, and promise to continue, under the protection of the United Statts of America, and of no other nation, power or sovereign whatever. Article 4. The said tribe release the United States from all obli- gations imposed by any treaties heretofore made with them. Article 5. The United States in lieu of all former stipulations, and in consideration of the ce.ssions of land heretofore made by the said tribe, promise to pay them, at their town on the waters of the Osage river, two thousiind dollars in silver, annually, for fifteen suc- cessive years. Article 6. Alterel so as to read Article 1, of treaty .July 19th, 1820. Article 7. The United States promise to guarantee to the said tribe the peaceable possession of the tract of land hereby ceded to them and to restrain and prevent all white persons fiom hunting, settling, or otherwise intruding upon it. But any citizen or citizens of the United States being lawfully authorized for that purpose, .shall be permitted to pass and repass through said tract, and to navigate the waters thereof, without any hinderance, toll or exaction from the said tribe. Article S. For the purpose of facilitating the removal of the said tribe to the tract of land hereby ceded to them, the United Slates will furnish them with two boats, well manned to transport their property from anv point they may designate on the Illinois river, and some judicious citizen shall be selected to accompany them in their passage through the white settlements to their intended residence. Article 9. The United States will take the said Kickapoo tribe under their care and patronage, and will afibrd them protection against all persons whatever provided they conform to the laws of the United States, and refrain from making war or giving any insult or ofiense to any other Indian tribe, or to any foreign nation, without having obtained the approbation and consent of the Uuited States. Article 10. Thesiid tribe, in addition to their above cession, do hereby cede and relinquish to the United States generally and with- out reservation all other tracts of land to which they may liave any right or title on the left .side of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Proclaimed January 13th, 1821. .f-: ' ,'%■^ p"v^^T^w^ PUBLIC SCHOOL PilmplifiliiiiiiitWiliiiiiiiiii OLD COURT MOUSE NA'ABASH DEIPOT PuACES OF PUBLIC INTEREST Edwardsville.Ill. B:iSTOJiY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 343 Randle, and afterwards by George D. and John II. Randle. The Messrs. Randle, wiih their father in-law, Aaron Arnold, turned this ox mill into a steam mill about the year 18o2. This was the first steam mill in Edwardsville, and it stood on the lot in rear of the present residence of W R. Brink. It was destroyed by fire soon after being placed in operation. The castor oil mill of John Adams was carried on suc- cessfully for several years. It was established in 1825. That year he made five hundred gallons of oil, which sold at two dollars and a half a gallon. The next year the product had increased to eight hundred gallons, and the price had fallen to a dollar and a half In 1827, one thousand gallons were manufactured, and sold at a dollar and twenty-five cents a gallon, and in 1828, eighteen hundred gallons, which only brought a dollar a gallon. In 1829, a little more than five hundred gallons were made, and in 1830 the production arose to ten thousand gallons. One bushel of the ca.«tor bean yielded about seven quarts and a half pint of oil. For the beans, about seventy-five cents per bushel was paid. Before starting his oil mill, Mr. Adams had encted a fulling mill on the Cahokia, which was placed in operation in 182:!. For several years this was conducted under the management of George W. Putnam. The Edwardsville Steam Mill Company was organized in 1839. J. C. Dagger was president of the company. All the stock came subsequently into the possession of George W. rhillips, who operated it for a number of years. EDWARDSVILLE INDUSTRIES, MAXUF.VCTURES, ETC. Edwardsville Mill and Elevator. — This industry was estab- lished by Kehlor Brothers in the spring of 1^79, and is located on Main street, about three blocks north of the court- house. The mill is a brick building, four stories high with a basement. Its size on the ground is 45 x 82 feet- The machinery consists of the latest improved roller process, 33 pairs of rolls and 3 burrs, with a capacity of manufacturing 600 barrels of flour in twenty-four hours. This product is shipped to diflerent parts of the United States and Europe. The elevator is 45x60 feet, and 60 feet in height, and has the capacity of elevating 10,000 bushels of wheat daily, and a storing capacity of IIO.OOK bushels. It is constructed in regular elevator style, and every grain bin is hoppered. The machinery for distributing grain to all parts of the elevator and for changing from bin to bin, is complete. The bran bin is 20 x 35 feet, and 50 feet in height. The elevator building is iron-clad, the better to protect it from fire, and the grain from the driving storms. A warehouse is detached, 100 X 104 feet in size, and capable of storing 7,0(10 barrels of flour. The engine room is constructed of brick, and in aize is 28x66} feet. The engine is of the Harriss-Corliss make, 3'iO-horse power, and said to be one of the best of its size in the State. The boilers are four in nundier and con- structed of steel, being four feet in diameter and twenty-four feet in length. By this enterprise, about sixty men are given constant employment. This includes the cooperage necessary to the busines.s. The estimated capital invested is .$150,000. Oik ll'll Riji'ii'ig C'jmpamj. — This factory is located on the N. E. i of the N. W. 1 of section 13, on the farm (.f C. M- Schwarz, about one-half mile from the city limits. The manufacture of sugar anil syrup from Northern grown sugar-cane, is a question which has for several years en- grossed the attention of some of the best scientists, and most enterprising manufacturers, as well as the more advanced farmers of the North. It is an industry, which as yet is in its infancy, and has not, until within the last year or two, leceived even a small per cent, of the encouragement due it. The first sugar-cane grown in this vicinity was by Mr. Schwarz, a member of the above company. This was in 1857, since which time he has made its culture, etc , a care- ful study. In 1880, under the firm name of Belcher & Schwarz, a co-partnership was formed, and the preparation for manufacturing the cane into sugar was commenced. The season of 18?'0 was a very disastrous one, and no attempt was made to make sugar, other than in an experimental way, although 6000 gallons of syrup were manufactured, from which the com|)any realized a good profit. In 1881, for the purpose of inducing more of the farmers to become inter- ested in the cultivation of cane the firm organized a stock company under the name of ' The Oak Hill Refining Com- pany of Edwardsville,' with a capital stock of §5.000. The first election of directors and officers was held in the summer of 1881, when the following directors were chosen : Geo- C. W. Belcher, St. Louis; C. F. Mdler, Dundas, Minn.; C. M. Schwarz, B R. Burroughs, and F. K. Gillespie of Edwardsville. Ofiicers: Geo C. W. Belcher, President, B. R. Burroughs, Vice-President, C M. Schwarz, Secretary and Treasurer. The season of 1881 was also a poor year for the cane crop, yet 4,000 gallons of syrup were marketed at home, finding a ready sale. This season, 1882, promises well, and there is a large acreage of the product planted. These works have been greatly improved, and their capacity largely increa.sed by new machinery since last year. The present cap city is about 800 gallons of syrup daily- If the company is pro- perly encouraged by the farmers of this vicinity, it is their intention to erect an extensive establishment near the junc- tion of the W. St. L. and P. and the P. C and St. L. rail- ways. Carriage Mawfaciory, Springer & Brothers, Proprietors. This factory is situated on the north side of Vandalia street, one block south of the public sipiare, and was established by H.J. Springer in the spring of 1870, but is now conducted in the firm name above given. The business occupies a brick building two stories high, and 30 by 65 feet on the ground ; also, a two story frame attached, 50 by 30 feet. The latter is utilized for a painting and trimming room, and repository for manufactured carriages. The machinery is driven by a four horse-power steam engine, and the manufactured product is about fifty carriages annually. The business gives em- ployment to eight men. C nnected with the same building is the firm of Gillespie & Springer, engaged in the manu- facture of patent thill couplings. One of the firm of this establishment, F. J. Springer, is exclusively interested in the manufacture of a patent "ea.sy riding spring." Gesterl's Custom Flouring Mill was established by George Gessert, in the fall of 1877, and commenced operations the 344 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. January following. It is a frame building, 40x50 feet, in- cluding I)oiIer-rooni, two stories high, and cost over $5,000. It contains two run of burrs, and has a capacity of grind- ing thirty-five barrels of tlour daily, giving eui|)loyraeut lo three men. The machinery is driven by a thirty horse- power engine. The mill is situated on Second, near Union street. It is constructed for both a custom and merchant mill, and has the facilities of mauufacturiug the patent pro- cess flour. Carriage, Wagon and Machine Shop. — This shop is situ. ated on the corner of Vandalia and St. Louis streets. It was built in the spring of 1874 by Michael Desmond, the present proprietor, who has been engaged in the business in the city since 18G4. The building is a frame, two stories, and 60x30 feet iu dimensions. The business is mainly con- fined to the repairing of machinery and general work. A building, 40x30 feet, is connected with the shop, for the pnr[)Ose of doing the wood-work of the establishment. Eight men are given employment. It is run by steam- power. Cooper SJiops, owned and conducted by Martin Dippold and located on the southwest side of the railroad, on St. Louis street, near the Wabash, St L. & P. depot. There is a branch shop situated in lower town. The business was established several years ago, with the purpose of furnishing the Edwardsville flouring mills with barrels to ship their flour. Thirty-eight men are employed, and about 80,000 barrels are manufactured annually. • Wagon and Cxrriage Man ufi dory, established by Weber & Sou, in the spring of 1873, is locatedvon Vandalia street, about two blocks southeast of the court-house. The elder member of the firm has been engaged in the business in Edwardsville since 1854 The present building is a frame, 50x80 feet, and two stories high. A one-story frame attachment, 45x50 feet, belongs to the shop, and is utilized for storing wood-work, lumber, etc. Some seasons of the year from ten to twelve men are employed. The wok is all hand made. Star Flouring Mills, Jacob Dunstedter pr^prit tor. This mill was erected in the summer of 1866, at a cost of $15,000 and is situated ou Second street, near the railroad. It is a frame building, three stories high and a basement, with 54 feet frontage, and is constructed in the form of an L. The main building is 45x54 feet, and the engine-room 30x42 feet. It has four run of .stone, and a capacity of manufac- turing 125 barrels in twenty-four hours, and has six men in its employ; the engine is fifty horse-jjower. This is purely a merchant mill, and ships its flour both to the East and the West. Mr. Dunstedter is a practical machinist, and was the first to run a steam-thresher in Madison county. Ma'lixon Conuty Marble Works are situated on Main street, opposite the court house. These works were established by G. J. Starmer in the spring of 1880. This industry gives employment to four men. The building is a small frame, one story, with a workshop in the rear of salesroom. Enierjirise Marble Worh, situated corner of St. Louis and Vandalia streets. These works were established by Ed- ward F. Koch, proprietor. Cigar Manvfadory, F. Begeraanu, proprietor, established in 1867, and located on Main street, east of the scjuare. This factory manufactures annually 250,000 cigars, and employs five persons. All goods are hand-made auJ sold at various points in the state. Soda Fad'ty, owned and operated by Frank- Harles, situated on Main street, one block south of the court-house square. Mr. H. commenced business in the spring of 1671. The capacity for manufacturing is from three to four thou- sand boxes of soda-water per annum. Mr. Harles also supplies the city with ice. Wolf Brothers' Coal Mine. — This shaft is situated in the southwest quai'ter of the southeast quarter of section 11, about one-half mile southeast of Court-House Square. It was sunk by the above firm iu the summer of 1879, with a capital investment of $20,000. Its depth is 217 feet to the surfice of the coal, and the vein averages six and one- half feet. The coal is of the finest quality found in this part of the state. When the mine is worked to its full capacity, 7,000 bushels of coal are raised daily, and it requires 150 men to operate it. The amount for wages paid out per mouth, when in full blast, is $7,800. An engine of forty horse-power is employed in raising the coal. This firm is en- gaged in sinking another shafc on the Narrow Gauge railway. St. Louis and Edwardsville Coal Compiany, J. S. Trares, President. This mine is located on section 10, on the City branch of the W. St. L & P. railroad. The shaft was sunk by Tunstell & Holmes, in 1868 or 1869. About ten years later it was purchased by John A. Prickett, and was leased by the above company in the fall of 1881 for the term of twenty years. The depth of the shaft is 125 feet, and the coal vein averages seven feet, When fully worked, it will mine 2,800 bushels of coal daily. The coal is raised by steam-power. Schramek Coal Mine was opened by Frank Schraraek in the spring of 1879, and is located on the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway, on Union street. Its depth is 65 feet, and the coal vein averages six and one-half feet. The capi- tal invested is $0,000. In the busy season, twenty-five men are employed, and will mine 200,000 bushels of coal within the year. The main shipments are made to St Louis. A OO-horse power engine is employed to lift the coal. Another shaft, owned by Mrs. Smidt, is situated near the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Depot. This mine was opened by Henry Hitter about 1857, and came into the pos- session of Mrs. Smidt in 1877. Coal is reached at the depth of 96 feet, and the vein is five feet. Ten workmen are usually employed in this shaft, and mine from five to six hundred bushels of coal per day. Horse power is utilized in hoisting the coal. Hellrung's Brick Yard. — This industry, established about 1850, by D. Brown, passed into the hands of Louis Klinger in 1860, and was purchased by the present proprietor in 1867. It is situated about a quarter of a mile north- east from the public square. It contains but one kiln, and annually turns out about 170,000 bricks, giving employment to three men. The bricks are hand made. Elevator, R. B. Evans & Co., proprietors, is situated on HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 345 the South side of the railroinl track, above the Wabash depot. It was built in the fail of 1876 by the above cora- pauy. It is a frame building, -0x40 feet, aud inachiuery room attached, 12x20 feet, aud has the capacity of eltvating 5,000 bushels of corn per day, and will store 7,000 bushels. Machine Shop, Edward Naeher, proprietor. This busi- ness was commenced by the above in 1871 ; and in 1873 a foundry was run in connection with the shop, but it proved a non-paying investment, aud was therefore abandoned. In 1878 a saw mill was attached, but it was removed to the country a short time since. The building is located on .Second street, a little souli and east of the Star Flouring Mills ; it is a frame, two stories, and its entire size, with attachments, is 60x35 feet The business consists in general repair work, and, when in active operation, gives employ- ment to several hands. Elevator, owned by M. B. Sherman, is situated on the Edwardsville Mill Switch.southwest of the big flouring mill. It was built in the spring of 1875, and has a capacity of shelling aud elevating 2,500 bushels of corn daily, and has a storage capacity of 6,000 bushels. Brick Yards — William Bardelraeier, proprietor. These works were established in 1876, and are located in Wheeler's addition, about one-fourth mile east of Court-hou.se Square. Two kilns are kept in operation, aud manufacture about 300,000 bricks yearly, giving employment to six men. In the same part of the city, near the above, is situated the brick yard of Jacob Hettergott, consisting of one kiln. It went into operation in the spring of 1881. Four men are engaged in running the yard, and 200,000 bricks are moulded within the season. Crocker'.^ Vegetable Gardens. — This industry was estab- lished by C. W. Crocker in the spring of 1864, and is located in out-lot 51, in Upper Edwardsville. The grounds occupy eight acres, and are furnished with four hot-houses and other conveniences suitable to the business. All kinds of plants and vegetables peculiar to the climate and markets are cultivated. Shipments are made to Chicago, St. Louis, Decatur, Litchfield, and other towns. In the busy season, five hands are given employment. Edwardsville Fire Company, Xo 1. — This company was organized Feb. 7th, 1874, consisting of hose, hook and lad- der, and engine departments. The first officers of the hose company were Fred. Sochlke, captain ; and Joseph Hentz, assistant. Hook and ladder : Arnold Schultz, captain ; and Albert V. d. Broeck, assistant. All the members belong to the engine department, of whom William Friday was the first chief, and Charles Silze, assistant. The company is well uniformed, and under efficient drill to do good service in case of fire. In this, however, the city has been very fortunate, scarcely giving the fire company since its organ- ization the privilege of proving their efficiency. Company F , I5th Batfalion, I. N. G. was organized June 15th, 1878, by Lieut. Col James T. Cooper, of Alton, com- manding the Battalion and mustering officer. Forty-three men were enrolled, and the following officers chosen : John T Fahnestock, Captain ; Cyrus Happy, 1st Lieutenant ; Clay H. Lynch, 2d Lieutenant. The following non-commis- sioned officers were then appointed : Orderly Sergeant, Geo Richmond ; 2d Sergeant, Will. R. Crossman ; 3d Sergeant, Thomas J. Morton ; 4th Sergeant, James E. Tunuell ; 5th Sergeaut, John J. Parker, Jr. ; Corporals, M. Desmond, D. A. Lynch, Jule L Prickett, aud James B. Dale; Musicians, O. E. Wolf, and E. I'hillips Additions were made to the company at different times until the number reached 53. August 30th, 1881, new officers were elected, being as fol- lows : John T Fahnestock, Captain ; Thomas W. Springer, 1st Lieutenant; and Eugene Wahl, 2d Lieutenaiit. On account of the resignation of Geo. Richmond, Orderly Ser- geant, the other sergeants were advanced one position higher. Will. L. Crossman filling office of Orderly. The company is in excellent condition, being well uni- formed and equipped with Springfield breech -loading rifles. Their drill is among the best, and they have been highly complimented by the different inspecting officers. Edwardsville Public Library was organized in the spring of 1879, with proper officers to conduct the a.ssociation. This enterj)rise is due to the efforts of several of the ladies of Edwardsville. The association commenced with twelve lady members, and the library consisted of 300 volumes The membeiship has increased to about 100, and ihe library has reached upward of 900 volumes. The literature con- sists of standard works of travel, biographies of eminent men, authors, etc., histories, and the leading works of fiction. A matriculation fee of $2 per annum is required to become a member of the association. For the last year the library has been self-sustaining. The rooms are open every Saturday afternoon and evening. Bank of West iC- Prickett is situated in No. 2 Purcell street, and was established the 1st of January, 1808, with abundant capital to conduct a safe banking business. It is supplied with Hall's burglar-proof safe, with time lock, and the best fire proof vault. J. A- Prickett (t- Sons, Bankers. — This bank was chartered under the title of Farmers' Exchange and Loan Company, on the 2Uh of March, 1867. The minimum capital was $25,000, aud limited to 8500,000. Although organized at the time above stated, the bank did not open for business until in October, 1869. April 20th, 1881, it assumed the name of J. A. Prickett & Sons, in whose hands it is now efficiently managed. It is located in No. 3 Main street It has Hall's burglar-proof safe, time lock, and fire-proof vaults. There are three live, enterprising newspapers published here weekly, the Edwardsville Republican, Edioardsville Intelligencer, and the Edwardsville Democrat. Park. — This is situated in Todd's and others' addition, " Upper Edwardsville," and between Buchanan and Kansas streets extending north and south. It contains one block, and was left vacant for the purpose in time, to fit it up for a park or place of leisure resort Within the last few years it has been improved by grading and planting it with beautiful shade trees. Good walks extend through the grounds, and we are informed that it is the intention of the city authorities, at some future period, to arrange it in regular park style. 3t() HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Edivardsville Gun Club was organized May 16th, 1879, with but a few members, but it has increased in numbers until it now has thirty, is in a prosperous con(lition,_and owns all the paraphernalia of a first-class gun club, consist- ing of tents, traps, etc. Some fine shots belong to the club, and some of the finest guns in the state of Illinois are owned by its members. Its first officers were, W. E. Wheeler, President; E. B. Glass, Vice President; Herman Ritter, Secretary ; J. R Brown, Treasurer. The Board of Mana- gers was composed of H. E. Bayle and F. Mumme, in con- , nection with the other officers. Its constitution states the object of the club, as follows : " The object of the club shall be the establishment of Trap Shooting matches between its members, and the encouragement of all things tending to social and gentle manly intercourse between its members, and also for the preservation of game and fish in the State of Illinois." St- James' Hotel, Hugh Kirkpatrick, proprietor This hotel was erected in 187,5, by the above, and is situated on Main street about one-half square from the court-house. It cost, including grounds and furniture, S20,000. It is a fine brick structure, three stories high and basement, with Man- sard roof^nd has a frontage of 66 feet, with a depth of 90 feet. The architecture is of the modern style, and the ar- rangement of rooms, etc., is of the most convenient order. It has the capacity of accommodating seventy-five guests; is supplied with two sample-room.*, a commodious office, and a dining room si-fficient in size to accommodate its guests, and is indeed an ornament to the city of Edwardsville. Hoffman House, kept by A. Hoffman, is a good, commo- dious brick hotel, situated on Main street, fronting the Court-house Square, and is a popular house. It has been recently enlarged, and is being otherwise improved. There are five other hotels in the city, including the house at the Wabash depot: Bernreuther Bowse, kept by David Bernrtuther ; Broadway House, Henry Daube, pro prietor ; Wabaxh Hotel, kept by Mrs. Anna Swarz ; Union House, Fritz Gubritz, landlord ; and the Railway House, kept by William Storig. The latter is situated at Edwards- ville Junction. Schools. — The city contains two public schools (one col- ored), and three parochial schools. In this connection, we shall speak at length only of the present schools and SL-hool buildings of the city. The question of building a school-house suitable to the wants of the large number of pupils of the town, was mooted in the year 1859. A vote was taken for and against the proposition of borrowing $9,000 to erect a building that the times demanded. The vote was in favor of raising the necessary means. A site was chosen and a plan of the house prepared, but the sum voted was too small for its erection. The plan was submit- ted to the people, who adopted it, and authorized a loan to be made, sufficient to cover the expenses of the same. The cost of lot and buildings was about §14,000. The house is a substantial brick structure, three stories high and base- ment. Nine teachers are employed, beside the principal, and it has an attendance of between five and six hundred pupils. At this writing, the school is under the efficient management of Prof I. H. Brown, aided by a competent corps of teachers, who have succeeded in placing it among the best graded schools of the state. Wood Lawn Cemetery. — This is one of the finest kept grounds in western Illinois. It was incorporated August 19th, 1871, with the following as members of the associa- tion : John C. Burroughs, Michael G. Dale, William E. Wheeler, Joseph Pogue, William H. Jones, David Gillespie, F. A. Wolf, John A. Prickett, and Andrew W. Metcalf The ground comprises fifteen acres, and is situated one mile west of the Court-house Square. The first interment was made July 8th, 1872. The number of adult persons buried hereat this writing is 108; children, 192; colored, 28 ; total, 328. Only about one-half of the above number were the deceased of the city of Edwardsville. This would indicate that the town is situated in a healthy locality, as the num- ber of deaths is comparatively small for one decade. There are two other cemeteries in the city, the Catholic, and the first place of interment used before the laying out of Wood Lawn. The latter is now abandoned for burial pur- poses, and is fast going to ruin and decay- The city also contains nine ehurches, the histories of which will be found in the Eccles-iastical chapter. The newspapers have a special chapter ; hence, for their rise and progress, see Chapter on the Press. SOCIETIES.* Edwardsville Lodr/e, A^o. 99, A. F. and A. M , was char- tered the 6th day of October, 18-51, with eight charier mem- bers. The total number enrolled since organization is 183 ; present membership, 100. The lodge meets in Masonic Hall (Wolfs buildings), on Main street, the first and third Thursdays in each month. The society has an excelleut lodge room, and all the facilities to do good work. The charter members were: Dr. John H. Weir, H. K. Eaton, Matthew Gillespie, John A. Prickett, David Gilles- pie, James S. Jett, William Glass, and Thomas O. Springer. Of the above named, only two are now living, John A. Prickett and Thomas O. Springer. Edwardsville Chajiter, No. 146, R. A. M., was chartered October 6th, 1871. Instituted November 20, A. D. 1871, A. L. 5881, with twenty-two charter members. First offi- cers, Samuel V- Crossman, High Priest ; John A. Weir King; Wesley R. Graves, Scribe. Present membership, 40. The chapter meets in Masonic Hall (Wolfs building), Satur- day, on or before the full moon in each month. 'Caractactis Lodge, No. 72, K. of P. — This Lodge was in- stituted May 30th, 1877, with 13 members. It received its charter from the Grand Lodge, October 16th, 1878. Its present membership is 25. Withdrawal cards have been issued to 11 members since organization. The Lodge meet in Odd Fellows' Hall each alternate Wednesday evening During the first year of its organization the Lodge was oblio-ed to borrow money for necessary wardrobe, etc. but it is now out of debt, and is a live working society Edwardsville Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., chartered De- * For this data we are iimier obligations to the various secretaries of the same- HISTORY OF MADISOJSI COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 347 ceinber 27th, 1848, and instituted January 12th, 1849. There were but five chartered members. Present member- ship, 90. The Lodge is in excellent financial condition, having in real estate, and moneys due, upwards of 85,000. IJdwdrdsville Encampment, No. 119, I. O. O. F., was char- tered October 10th, 1871, with a membership of eleven. The present membership is 28. It is in good working order, and its members stand high in the estimation of the com- munity. Bohemian Roman Cafliolic Benerolenf Society of St. J. of N. This society was incorporated August 19ih, 1880, with 14 chartered members. Its present membership is 15. Its time of meeting is the first Sunday in each month at the Catholic church on Main street. The Lodge is free from debt, and has several hundred dollars in the treasury. t'ahokia Count of U. O. of F. No. 182. Charter was granted June 2d, 1881, there being 19 charter members. Whole number enrolled since organization, 20. Presen membership, 14. Frank/in Grove, No 22, A. O. D. Chartered May 5th, 1869, with seven members, and at this time has increased to 56. The Lodge meets at their hall on Main street everyt Wednesday uight. The society is in excellent condition financiallj', owning their hall, which with other property is valued at 82,200. Edwardsville Turnverein, was organized in the spring of 1858, and discontinued in 1860. Was reorganized the 10th of July, 1868, commencing with 14 members. Present memliership is 50, The society has bought lots on Main stretrt, upon w^hich a hall is to be erected, costing four or five thousand dollars. The society meets the first .Saturday in each month. Maennerchor was organized in 1853, and discontinued about 1860. Reorganized in 1868- Active membership, 16 ; passive, 20. Tuscan Lodge, No. 1798, G. U. of O. F., (Colored). This Lodge was organized May 7th, 1877. The Lodge is in good working order. Is situated on Main street, First ward. Star Lodge No. 5, (colored) was instituted May 15th, 1877, with seven charter members. Present membership 29 ; finance members, 25. BUSINESS HOUSES — TRADE OF 1882. General Stores. — G. B. Crane, William F. Hainliu, Anton Schroeder. Groceries and Queensware. — Tiiomas C. Clark, Leonard Flackeneker, Adolph Kliugel, Edward L. Schwarz, Chas Hack, Tunnell Brothers, Joseph Schmidt, Jacob Hoehen, Brendlett Co. Dry Goods, Clothing and Shoes. — Aloysius Gerher. Millinery and Furnishing Goods. — A. O. French. Agricultural Warerooms. — Agent for McCormick Har- vester. F. McNulty. Hardware, Tinware, Stoves, Agricultural Implements. — James T. Tartt, Trares & Keller, A. Schultz ct Co. Harnes-i and S'lddle Stores. — John H. White, August Fischer, August Heisel & Co. Furiiinhiiig Goods, Millinery, etc — J. G. Barnsback. Druggists and Pharmac st.<. — Harmist &. Cook, Henry Bickelhaupt, Joseph Pogue. Physicians. — Joseph Pogue, John M. Armstrong, T. B. Spauling, E W. Fiegeubaum, John Kern, Edward H. Weir J. W. Enos, William Olive, S. T. Robinson. Shoemakers. — Edward Ballwcg, Joseph Ballweg, Ignatius Brendle, Sebastian Brendle, Lewis Hartung, Ferdinand Schott, Jacob Wenner, John Wilhelm, J. Schoenberger. Blacksmiths. — Henry Ballhoru, Joseph Levora, Andrew Silzle, Philip Wenner, Elbert Samuels. Bakeries and Confectioneries. — George Bernius, Charles Sommerlad. Confectionery. — T. W. Yates & Co. Meat Markets. — George M. Lenz, James Whitbread Schwarzkotf Brothers, Charles Lenz, William Steehliuger Furniture Dealers. — Jacob Eberle, Charles Leuckle. Dentists.— Geo. A. McMillan, H. B. Bull. Gun-imith. — Gus Herder. Merchant Tailors. — Joseph Brendle, John Briukmauu & Co., Adam Herweck, Henry Krebs. Barbers.^GeoTge Brendle, Henry Brinkmann, Robert F. Story, Benj. F. Peters. Painters. — G. Bergmann, Francis Heisterbaum, John W. Gooch. Justices of the Peace. — Joseph Chapman, Edward Phil- lips, Irwin B. Randle, John Hobson. Abstractors 0/ Title. — Chapman & Leverett, L. C. Keown. Architect. — Charles H. Spilman. peal Kitate Dealers. — A. L. Brown, Henry C. Gerke. Sewing Machine Dealer. — Robert Young. Contractors and Brick Masons- — F. Stilwell, Jacob Kaber. Grain Dealers and Live Stock Traders. — Sherman and Berger. Lumber Dealers. — A. A. Perley, John Stolze. Jewelers. — J. B. Dale, Theodore Stockburger Carpenters and Builders. — Alouzo Keller, John Keller, Charles Pauldy, T. J. Newsham, Herman Berlemann. Insurance Agents.- — Chas. A. Gaiser, R. B. Evans. Pestaurants. — Frank Stenzel, Jacob Pjeitler. Po.'\ JLLE TOWNSJIIP. Among the earliest pioneer settlers in Edwardsville township were Charles Gillham, and his two sisters, Marj' and Margaret, with their husbands, Thomas Good and Bryant Mooney, who, with their families, emigrated from Georgia to this state in 1803. Charles Gillham pre-empted what is known as the Phillips' farm, on section 13, about two miles south of Edwardsville. After living there some years, he sold his claim to John and Beniah Robinson, and 348 HISTORY OF MADISOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS. removed to Hurricane Creek, iu Bond county. He died in Iowa, at an advanced age. His wife also lived to a verj' old age. He was a son of Ezekiel Gillliam, who settled iu Georgia, and a grandson of the original Thomas Gillham and his first wife, of Virginia. Charles Gillham and his two sisters, above mentioned, were the only children of Ezekiel Gillham, who settled in Illinois. Thomas Good settled on section 23, on the farm now owned by W. R. Prickett. He reared a large family, and many of his de- scendants are yet residents of the state. He and his wife remained on this place until their death. His youngest son, H. Davidson Good, lived on the old place a number of years, was deputy sheriff under William E. Wheeler, and died near Marine at an old age. Bryant Mooney located in the same neighborhood, and gave name to Mooney's branches, two small streams in that vicinity. He after- ward moved and located near Greenville, in Bond county. Another of the oldest farms is the Shaeffer place, in section fifteen, two miles and a half southwest of Edwardsville. This was pre-empted by John T. Lusk soon after 180.5. He was then unmarried, and an aunt, Mrs. Sally Sams kept house for him. In 18G9 he married Lucretia Gillham, daughter of Charles Gillham ; she was born in Georgia, January 11, 1793. He afterward sold his improvement, southwest of Edwardsville, to John W. Wright, and moved to what has since been known as the Fair Grounds. Here he lived in a tent till a cabin could be erected. The double log cabin which he built stood for many years on the Fair Grounds, and in it was born Alfred Lusk, who was said to have been the first white child born in township four, range eight. After his removal into Edwardsville, where he be- came the proprietor of the first hotel iu the place, Mr. Lusk continued for some time to cultivate this farm. In the year 1811, an important accession to the popula- tion in the vicinity of the present town of Edwardsville was made by the arrival of the Wright, Randle, and Bell fami- lies. Leaving Georgia in September of that year, these families reached Turkey Hill, near Belleville, in St. Clair county, on the 17th of October, and, after remaining there a few days, came to Madisou county. John W. Wright pur- chased, as above stated, what is now known as the Shaeffer place, two miles and a half southeast of Edwardsville, and lived there till his death. His three oldest sons were in Captain Bolen Whiteside's Company of Rangers during the warof 1812-'14. Josias Randle settled the place where the family of the late Judge David Gillespie now resides. He was born in Virginia. He became the first clerk of the county court, after the organization of Madison couuty. He built an ox- raill near his residence in 1818. He had four sous. Barton, Richard, Peter, aud Josias. Barton was a minister in the Methodist Church, and died in 1882. Richard became also a ^Methodist minister, and is still living. Peter practiced medicine at Edwardsville and Alton, and moved to Califor- nia. He was a surgeon in the Army of the Potomac dur- ing the war of the rebellion, and president of a medical college in San Francisco. Josias adopted the legal profes- sion, and, after achieving success as a lawyer, died of the cholera in New Orleans in 1842. The only daughter, Martha, married George Ripley, and is now living at Staunton. j After the death of Josias Randle, his nephew, Josiah Ran- dle, became the owner of his place of residence, and con- tinued for some time to operate the ox-mill. In the fall of 1814, Mrs. Randle, the mother of Irwin B. Randle, of Edwardsville, reached the county from Tennes- see, with a family of eight children, of whom six were boys. The youngest was Irwin B Randle, then three years old. Their father died in Tennessee. The next year the family settled on the northwest quarter of section thirteen, of Ed- I wardsville township, on land now owned by Ernst Kriege. j This land was pre-empted by Edmund Randle, the oldest son. After living here several years, the family scattered ^ to different parts of the county. The three oldest of the I sons, Edmund, John H., and Josiah, died within a short j time of each other, in 18.53 and 18.54. George D. Randle is now a resident of Mason city. Parham and Henry L. Randle returned to Kentucky, the former in 1827 and the i later in 1829. Temperance, one of the daughters, married Thornton Peoples, one of the early residents of Edwards- ville, who removed to St. Clair county. Lucy became the wife of John Dew, one of the pioneer Methodist ministers of Illinois. Beniah Robinson, an early resident on section twenty- Vfour, was one of the pioneer surveyors of the county. He removed to Oregon. On the farm of Thomas Good, two miles south of Edwardsville, the early camp-meetings were held. His wife was an earnest Methodist. William Gill- i ham made the improvements on the northwest quarter of section twenty-four. The farm is the one now owned by Herman Giese. Jeptha Lampkin was an early settler on the northeast quarter of section twenty-four, and Robert Holliday on the northwest quarter of section twenty-five, and Robert McKee on the southwest quarter of section twenty-four. George Barnsback, in the spring of 1810, settled on section twenty-five. He was born in Osterode, Germany, in 1781, and emigrated to the United States in 1797, and shortly afterward went to Kentucky. He came to Illinois in 1S09. He served for two years in the ranging service during the war of 1812-'14. From 1825 to 1831 he was a resident of St. Francois county, Missouri, and then returned to his old home in Edwardsville township. George Kinder, one of the early settlers in the southeast part of the township, was a native of Pennsylvania. The family moved at an early day to Kentucky where his father, Jacob Kinder, was killed by the Indians. He came to what is now Madison county, in October, 1811, aud settled on the northeast quarter of section thirty-six, on land now owned by Nelson Montgomery. He died on this farm. Of his nine children two were born in Kentucky previous to the coming of the family to this State ; six children reside in Madison county : Capt. Jacob J. Kinder, Jane R., who married Robert Holliday, Robert H., George W. Kinder, Mrs. Mary A. Jarvis, and Eleanor, the wife of Nelson Montgomery. James Holliday, who came to this State from Georgia, settled in section thirty-four previous to 1811. His only child, Robert Holliday, was a man of conservative HARNIST & COOKS DRUG AND BOOH S TO ff E ^ E DIA/A R DS V I LL E , ILL ■ SIMON KELLERMAMN ir':^'-'J'TJ:r^p^^SM PRINTING OFFICE SIMON K ELLE RMANNS OYSTER D E POT E DWA R DSV I L L E , I LL . HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 349 disposition. Although the owner of seven hundred acres of land in this county, he moved to the poorest part of Macou- pin county where he purchased land, and died. Franklin Roach (whose projier name is said to have been Fields,) and who was a soldier under Gen. Marion in the war of the Revolution, made the first improvement on the farm now owned by Capt. Jacob J. Kinder in section thirty-six. He was a native of South Carolina. His son, David Roach, served with the rangei-s in the war of 1812, and with the money he received for his services, purchased the quarter section on which Capt. Kinder's house is built. The Roach family moved to the neighborhood of Worden where the older members died. In the northwest part of the township, Ambrose and David Nix were among the pioneer settlers. Ambrose Nix made the first improvements on the farm now owned by William ^\. Lee in section thirty-two. Lee married one of his daughters. David Nix settled the place where the Edwardsville road comes down from the bluff. The house in which he lived and died is still standing. Nix's Ford, a well known place in the early history of the county, was half a mile northwest of David Nix's house. The ford was free from quicksands, and the best on the Cahokia. Jacob Varner .settled north of Nix's on land now owned by Henry F. Brockmeyer. Abraham and Joel Varner were sons of Jacob. Capt Bolen Whiteside lived under the bluff' in section seventeen. David Gillespie, the father of Matthew and Joseph, removed with his family and settled near Edwardsville in the early part of the year 1819, and resided here until the summer of 1827, when he went to the Galena lead mines He returned in the fall of 1828, and located in the American bottom or rather under the bluff where he purchased the farm that was settled by Henry Cook in early times. He resided there until 1834, when he removed to Grant county, Wisconsin, where he died at a ripe old age. His wife had previously died in 1831, at the farm above mentioned. John Barber, who became a resident of the township about 1825, taught school for several years in a log school- house near his residence, three miles south of Edwardsville. The school-house stood in the middle of the Troy road, north of what is now known as the McKee place. Barber was a well educated man, who understood the Latin and Greek languages, and was considered an excellent teacher. His school drew to it pupils from Edwardsville. George Coventry came to the county in 1813. He was a millwright by trade, and built a water-mill in what is known as the Tan Yard branch. This mill was in existence some years, and traces of the old mill-race may still be seen. The mill was about a quarter of a mile distant from the fair grounds. J. W. Coventry, who for several years has been postmaster in Edwardsville, is a son of his,'and came with his father to this county in 1813. The branch received its name from the tan-yard which once existed at its head. This tan- yard was started by Benjamin Steadman, who sold it to Rich- ard Randle, and he to Tilghman H. West and William P. McKee. West and McKee rented the place to Solomon Harkey. In January, 1833, it was rented by C. W. Crocker. The yard was little used after 1840. It was placed in opera- tion as early as 1816 or 1817, and was a noted place in pioneer days. On the Cahokia, in section 8, just above the mouth of In- dian creek, a mill was built at an early day, but was never placed in operation. Some of the rock used in its construc- tion is still visible. Though the mill was never put to any use, it was productive of a law suit which found its way to the supreme court of the state. On the spot now occupied by the residence of Nelson Montgomery, in section 2-5, an ox-mill once stood. Its con- struction was changed, and attachments made with the idea of propelling it by wind. It did not operate successfully, however, and the structure was suffered to fall into decay. Daniel Tolman was the projector of this enterprise. One of the earliest Methodist churches in the West was the Bethel Methodist church, two miles and a half south- west of Edwardsville. It was built in 1805. About the year 1817 a church was built at Ebenezer, now called Centre Grove. The old Ebenezer church was attended for some years by the people of Edwardsville, there being no churches or religious organizations in that town for some time previ- ous to 1828. At the old Ebenezer school-house Hiram Roun- tree was one of the earliest and best teachers. He taught two years, and his school consisted of eighty pupils. The earliest entries of land in town.ship 4, range 8, were made in 1814. On the 20th of August of that year William Ottwell entered 160 acres in section 4. On the 13th of September Thomas Kirkpatrick secured patents for two tracts in section 2, one containing 102 and the other 10 acres. On the same date John T. Lusk entered 830 acres in section 3. Both Lusk and Kirkpatrick made additional entries during the balance of the year. Michael Dodd also, on the 13th of September, entered 317 acres in section 5. Two weeks afterward John Robinson entered one hundred and twenty-five acres in section two. Entries of land were also made in 1814 by Nicholas Jarrot, George Davidson, George Sanders, R. G Gillham, Samuel Delaplain, James Greenwood, Benjamin Steadman, Josiah Randle, Josias Wright, Daniel Brown, Robert Reynolds, John McKinney, Thomas Randle, Tiiomas and John Good, Charles Gillham, George Barusback, James Holliday, Robert Gillespie, Jacob Trout, George Belsha, John Nix and George Hubbert. The following named gentlemen have represented this township in the county board of supervisors: John A. Prickett elected in 1876 and re-elected in 1877, being chosen chairman of the board both terms; Jacob W. Terry, elected in 1878, and by re-election .served until 1881, when William H. Cotter and Henry Brockmeier were elected, Mr. Cotter being re-elected in 1882, with George W. Kinder as assistant. BIOGRAPHIES. EDWARD COLES* Edward Coles, the second Governor of the state of Illi- nois, resided in Edwardsville. He was an extraordinary man, and was more instrumental in shaping the destinies of Illi- nois (and perhaps of the Nation) than any man who ever resided within her limits. In order to understand the force of this remark, it is proper to premise that the Constitution of the United States contained three provisions that were distaste- ful to the opponents of slavery. One was that the African slave- trade should not be abolished before 1808 ; secondly that there should be a fugitive slave law, and thereby that five slaves should be reckoned equal to three white persons on the floor of Congress. These clauses were all in [the interest of slavery. In order to induce its opponents, to accept the constitution with these clauses in it, it was agreed that sla- very should be confined to its then limits, and accordingly it was prohibited in the Northwestern territory by the Con- gress of 1787, then in session, cotemporaneously with the Con- vention, which was all the territory belonging to the United States. In 1802, we purchased Louisiana, in which slavery had been planted by the Spaniards, and French. In 1812 Louisiana was admitted as a slave state without much op- position inasmuch as slavery had existed there from the outset, and as the acquisition of the French possessions was looked upon as a necessity. In 1819, Missouri applied for admission as a slave State, formed out of this French territo- ry, and as slavery was principally introduced from the original thirteen States it was considered, that her admission would be in derogation of the understanding had in 1787, and hence, the agitation of 1819-20, which was finally set- tled by the admission of Missouri, and the compromise, which excluded slavery from all the French territory North of 36°30' latitude except Missouri. Edward Coles, who was a Virginian, inherited a hatred for slavery, and upon the death of his father he determined to manumit his slaves, and in order to do so, and make comfortable provi- sion for their livelihood, he removed to Illinois ; before reach- ing which, while on the Ohio river, he set all his slaves free, and when he arrived at Edwardsville, he bestowed upon each head of a family, a tract of land, ample for their main- tenance within about three miles of this place. Coles was soon appointed Register of the Land office here, and was consequently brought into contact with the people, and be- came very popular with all classes, particularly with those who were hostile to slavery. Soon it became manifest that an effort would be made to introduce slavery into Illinois, notwithstanding the ordinance of 1787. Illinois could not have been admitted into the Union with slavery, but the proslavery men, ever fertile in resources conceived the idea that the ordinance could be defeated by coming in as a Free State, and then altering the Constitution, so as to admit sla- * For this Sketch we are indebted to Judge Joseph Gillespie. I aso very. An election for Governor of the State coming on in 1822, Coles became a candidate, evidently with a view of frustrating the designs of the slavery propagandists, and was elected. From this moment the Governor set all his energies to work to defeat their schemes. He devoted his time his tal- ents, his money, and risked his life in the cause he had espous- ed, and never relaxed his exertions until victory crowned his efforts. He gave his salary as Governor to the cause. He was instant in season and out of season. It would be impossi- ble to do half justice to his efforts. He wrote and he rode. He loaded the mails with comments and correspondence. He addressed the people publicly and privately, whenever an opportunity offered. He was harassed with law suits, he was threatened with death, his property was destroyed by fire. He was fined $2000 for not giving bonds that the slaves he freed should not become a public charge, when the law requiring it had not been published fifteen days at the time, and not one in a thousand knew of its existence. The Legislature remitted the fine, but the judge who tried him, held the act to be an ex- post facto enactment. The Supreme Court however gave him the benefit of the law. It may truthfully be said that at that early day he was the most earnest and energetic anti- slavery man in the United States, and to his eflTorts may be ascribed the defeat of the scheme to drag Illinois into the sisterhood of Slave States. Had Illinois succumbed at that time Indiana would have followed suit, and if they had thrown their weight into the scale with the rebels, at the breaking out of the rebellion, it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to have suppressed it. So that the contest in which Governor Coles took such an active and efficient part may be said to have been the turning point in the his- tory of slavery in the United States. Governor Coles was on terms of great intimacy with Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison, Mr. Monroe and J. Q. Adams. He was appointed bearer of despatches by Mr. Madison when President to Mr. Ad- ams, when Minister to Russia. He could have had any place he desired within the gift of any of those men. He could have basked in the sunshine of official favor, but he surren- dered all his prospects for fame and power to the work more congenial to his heart of giving freedom to the op- pressed. After he had saved Illinois from the curse of slavery and seen his former slaves comfortably pro- vided for, he removed to Philadelphia, where he married and raised a family, and after a long, eventful, and useful life was gathered to his fathers, honored and beloved by all who knew him. An admirable Biography of Governor Coles has been" written by the Hon. E. B. Washburn, of Chicago. He has done all that man could do with his materials, but it is unfortunate that upwards of half a century should have elapsed, before attempting to rescue from oblivion the life d character of so good and great a man as Edward Coles. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 351 Among the old settlers and prominent men, who have for many years been identified with Madison county, is Joseph Gillespie. He is to-day perhaps the most conspicuous figure in her history. He is one of the connecting links between this and the pioneer era of Illinois, and comes down to us from a former generation. In his active life he was the contemporary, associate, and friend of men who have grown great and added a page to the world's history. He is of Scotch-Irish parentage, and the son of David and Sarah Gillespie, who were born, raised and married in county Monaghan, Ireland. The ancestors of the Gillespie family were originally Scotch. They left their native country two years after the battle of the Boyne and settled in Ireland. They were Presbyterians in religion, and, it might be said, Kepublicans in their politics. Mrs. Gillespie even belonged to the " United Irish Society," which had for its object the liberation of the Irish people from the yoke of British tyran- ny ; and her brother was so particularly active in the rebellion of 1798, that he had to make his escape to the United States in order to save his life. The parents of ^Nlr. Gillespie were warmly attached to America and her people, and, when the opportunity offered, quickly embarked for this country. They landed in New York in 1807, and located in New York city, where they remained until 1819, when they re- moved west and settled in Madison county, Illinois. Here Mr. Gillespie followed the occupation of tilling the soil. In 1831 his wife died. In 1834 he moved to Grant county, Wisconsin, and died there in 1855. There were two sons born to David and Sarah Gillespie— Matthew and Joseph. Matthew died in 1861. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was born in New York city, August 22, 1809. His educa- tion in schools was limited, and ceased entirely in his eleventh year. In those days schools were the exception, and at best were provided with incompetent teachers. His mother, however, who was well-informed and extremely fond of read- ing, in a measure supplied the want of suitable opportunities. She gave her sons all the instruction she could impart, pro- cured the best reading matter that the county afforded, and . by her endeavors awakened in them a thirst for knowledge. She gave them her views upon what they had read, which i strengthened their recollection, created habits of reflection, and made amends for the lack of early scholastic advantages, 352 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Joseph remained at home until 1827, when he went to the lead mines at Galena, and spent that season and also the seasons of 1828-29. A change in the tariff about that time made the sale of lead difficult, and the business of mining it became unprofitable. He returned home and remained there until 1831, when he went to Edwardsville. The same year he was invited to read law with Hon. Cyrus Edwards, at his*.re8idence on Wood River. This kind offer he hesi- tated to accept, on account of his lack of early educational training, but Mr. Edwards overcame his (Gillespie's) fears, and persuaded him to accept the offer. He lived in the family of Mr. Edwards for two years, and in that time read law under the direction and tuition of his generous benefactor. During that time the Black-Hawk War broke out. He volunteered and made the campaign of li^Sl and 1832. About the time he was ready to commence the practice of his profession, he was elected probate judge of the county, which position he held for two years. After the expiration of his term as probate judge, he began to travel the circuit. The bar of this circuit at that time, as well as the bench, consisted of an array of learned and talented men. Judge Breese was on the bench, and such men as Alfred Cowles, Gustave Koerner, J. M. Krum, George T. M. Davis, A. P Field, Abraham Lincoln, James Shields, William H. Under- wood, Governor Bissell, J. L. D. Morrison, Lyman Trum- bull, U. F. Liuder, and others, composed the bar. There were, indeed, giants in those days, and it required courage and confidence to enter the list against such an array of talent; but, nevertheless, Mr. Gillespie did enter, and proved himself a foeman worthy of their intellectual steel. In 1840 he was elected on the Whig ticket to represent Madison county in the State Legislature. His colleagues from this county were his preceptor, Mr. Edwards, and James Reynolds. The Whigs being in a hopeless minority, there was but little to do. After his return, he again went to the practice of his profession, in which he was not disturbed until 1847, when he was elected a member of the State Senate, in which body he continued until 18-57. During that time the bill for chartering the Illinois Central Railroad came up. It was managed by Mr. Rautoul of Boston, the company's agent. It had passed the house as he had drawn it up, to wit : That the company should pay to the State seven per cent, of its gross earnings and no taxes. Thirteen senators, among whom was Gillespie, determined to preserve the principle of taxation, and they struck out " seven per cent." and inserted "five per cent.," providing that the com. pany should pay State taxes at the rate of seventy-five cents per hundred dollars; and if that did not equal two per cent. of its gross earnings, the company should make it up to that ggure, — so that it was not to pay less than seven per cent, in the shape of bonuses and taxation ; but, as they under- stood it, it might have to pay more. Mr. Gillespie, and the other senators were favorable to, and desired to charter the road ; but desired, above all things, to retain the principle of taxation, and by no act of theirs show that they in any manner surrendered that principle. Their action was mis- understood at the time, and no little abuse was heaped upon them ; but time has proven that they were right, and their position well taken. The Supreme Court afterward decided that seven per cent, was the maximum the company was to pay. During his time in the Senate, what was called "State Policy" originated. The Terre Haute and Alton Railroad had been chartered, and about $1,000,000 were invested in its construction, when a charter for the Atlantic and Missis- sippi Railroad, between nearly the same termini, was asked for. More than two-thirds of the district represented by Mr. Gillespie were in favor of the Terre Haute and Alton road, and he saw that the chartering of the Atlantic and Mississippi Railroad would forever destroy the former road, unless the latter was first built (as the Atlantic and Mississippi was a much shorter and straighter route), after which the second could be constructed, — maintaining that you could build a straight road after building a crooked one, but never a crooked one after a straight one was com- pleted between substantially the same termini. He was then, and is yet, in favor of building all the roads possible, and letting competition reduce rates and regulate traffic, without the interference of legislative bodies In 1861 he was elected to the ofiice of Judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial Cir- cuit of Illinois, and occupied that position for twelve years. While upon the bench his judicial opinions were marked by great clearness, exhibiting thorough research, careful analysis and a sound knowledge of the principles of elementary law. Since his retirement from the bench he has practiced his profession. In matters of religion, Judge Gillespie is inclined to a liberal belief. Politically, he was originally an old line Whig, and remained a member of that party until its organ- ization was abandoned. He was opposed to slavery, and the intimate friend of men who were the acknowledged lead- ers of the advanced thought upon that question in that day ; and, so soon as an organized opposition was formed against slavery, that had in it the elements of success, he joined its ranks, and of necessity became a Republican, with which political organization he has remained to the present- He was always ojiposed to the dogma of State Rights, which was one of the cardinal principles of the Democratic party. In 184.5, at Greenville, Illinois, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Smith. There have been eight children born to them, five of whom are living. Their names are — Cyrus E., Mary J., Charles S., Frank K., and Maria L. Gillespie. His wife was born at Harper's Ferry, Va., and is of English and German descent. Her father's family were from England, and her mother's from Hanover, Ger- many. Her step-father (Thomas Keyes) and her mother came to Illinois in 1832, and settled near Greenville, in Bond county, where Mrs. Gillespie resided at the time of her marriage. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 353 c^i^?. r'>-z^^(:^^^^'SZ The subiect of the following brief sketch is a native of Edwardsville. He has beeu for many years, and is yet one of the active business men of this city. He is of English ancestry. His grandfather, George Prickett, emigrated from England to America some time before the revolutionary war. In that struggle he cast his lot with the patriots, and fought for the independence of the colonies. The Pricketts first settled in Maryland, and there George and his brother Jacob married two sisters, by the name of Anderson. Soon after that event they moved to the Carolinas, thence wenl to Georgia, and subsequently removed to Kentucky, and in 1808 came to the territory of Illinois, and settled in what is now known as Madison county. Abraham Prickett, his son and father of the subject of this memoir, was born July 27th, 1790. He was, in the early days of Illinois quite a prominent man, was a member of the Territorial Legisla- ture, and a member of the convention that framed the constitu- tion for the State in 1818. He was a Democrat and a strong Jackson man. He removed to Quincy, which was then a trading post, and there died, June 12th, 1836. He married Martha Harris, who was also of English ancestry. She was born in Norwich, Connecticut, and died in 1823, leaving twin children, Thomas J. and John A. ; the date of their birth was May 4th, 1822. John A. received his primary education in the log school-houses of the pioneer days of Illinois, where he learned to read, write and calculate ordi- nary examples in arithmetic. He always had a passionate love for study, and read every book that fell into his hands, and being blessed with a very retentive memory, soon acquired a knowledge of algebra, physics, chemistry, and 354 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. the Latin language. His education therefore was mainly acquired by self-culture. The habits of study formed and nurtured in his youth still abide with him, and through life he has read voluminously and closely, books upon scientific sub- jects, travels, memoirs, and the authors of the past and present. His library, comprising over one thousand volumes, contains many rare books, and the standard authors, and all exhibit refined taste, and excellent judgment in their selection. After the death of his father he was placed in charge of an uncle, who was a lawyer by profession, and who designed to prepare young Prickett for entrance upon the profession, but owing to domestic tyranny, he ran away and engaged as a cabin-boy on a steam-boat. Before he entered upon hig engagement, however, he was intercepted by his brother, who prevailed upon him to return home, offering as an in- ducement that he should attend school. He returned, en- tered school, studied diligently, and made rapid progress, un- der the idea that he was a burden to others, and above all things he desired to be self-supporting. He left school and entered upon an apprenticeship to learn the saddlery and harness trade, which he followed closely for six years. About that time the Mexican war broke out He was induced by Gov. Ford and other friends, to assist in raising a company of men for the service. He complied with their request, the company was raised, and enlisted for one year, and upon its organization he was elected First Lieuten- ant. It became known as Co. E, of the 2d Regiment of Illinois Vols., Colonel, afterwards Governor Bissell, com- manding. Mr. Prickett remained with the regiment, and participated in the battles and skirmishes in which it was engaged up to and including the battle of Buena Vista, where he was wounded, the bullet shattering his left shoul- der. In consequence of the wound he returned home before his enlistment expired. In 1847 he was elected Recorder of Deeds, a position he held for two years. In 1849, he was elected County Clerk, and twice became his own succes- sor, and held the office for twelve years. His official career was marked by a close attention to the business of the office and an honest and faithful discharge of the duties apper- taining thereto. In 1864 he purchased a flouring mill in Edwardsville, which he operated until it was destroyed by fire. In 1869, he embarked in the banking business, in which he still continues in connection with his sons, under the firm name of J. A. Prickett & Sons. Politically, Mr. Prickett was originally a Whig, and voted that ticket until 1855, when he became a Democrat, and from that time to the present has been active in support of the principles of that party. In matters of religious belief he subscribes to none of the formulated creeds or dogmas, but believes that the truths enunciated and enjoined by the teachers of old and reiterated by our Saviour, are perfectly adapted to the wants of man, and that from them have grown manifold blessings that are enjoyed by the human family. He is a member of the orders of A. F. and A. M. and I. O O. F., and is the only surviving charter member of the Odd Fellows, instituted in Edwardsville in 1849. Mr. Prickett was Chairman of the first Board of Super- visors under township organization, and the first Mayor of the city of Edwardsville. In 1847 he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth M.^ daughter of Julius L. and Mary M. (Gonterman) Barns- back, a native of Madison county. Mr. Barnsback was a native of Germany, educated at the University of Gottin- gen, and emigrated to America early in this century. They have five children living, Clara J., wife of W. H. Jones, Jule L., Minna M., wife of Cyrus Happy, Harry E., and Jessie E. This is but a brief sketch of Mr. Prickett. His life has been one of energy and industry, by the aid of which he has risen to an enviable and honorable position in life. HISTORY 01 MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 355 Was born in London, England, September '29th, 1828. In 1834 he came with his parents to America, and settled in New York City. While yet a mere boy, he came west to Cincinnati, and there learned the printer's trade. In 1854 he removed to Alton, in Madison county, and engaged in the printing business, as foreman of the Alton Telegraph. The Telegraph office was subsequently sold out to Geo. T. Brown of the Alton Courier, and Mr. Grossman became superintendent of the office. During his connection with the Courier it was one of the best equipped offices in Illinois, and did a large business in book and commercial printing. Subsequently, in connection with others, he published that paper for a short time. In 1860, at his suggestion and earnest solicitation, the Alton Telegraph was revived, and he became one of the proprietors, under the name of L. A. Parks & Co. In the establishment of the Daily Telegraph also he took an active part, and secured sufficient subscribers by personal solicitation to guarantee its success. Parks & Crossman continued together until 1864, when the latter withdrew. He then, in connection with .James H. Hibbard, established a job office, and con- tinued job printing until 1869, when he removed the office to Edwardsville, and here established the Echvardsville Re- publican, with which he was connected until his death, which occurred June 17, 1875. Mr Crossman was a dis- tinguished member of the Masonic fraternity, and belonged to the several orders of Blue, Royal Arch, Cryptic and Templar Masonry. In religious faith he was a Methodist, and attached himself to that religious organization in 1862. He took a great interest in Sunday-school work, and was superintendent of the M. E. Sunday-school in this city and in Alton for a number of years. On the 27th of February, 1849, he was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Alice Mor- gan, with whom he lived happily until July, 1873, when she died. Eight children were the offspring of that marriage, five of whom still survive the parents. Their names in the order of their births are: Charles C, Thomas M., William E., Kate, Ellen E., Eva, Samuel V., Jr., and Edward V. Cross- 356 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS ^ A NATIVE of Virginia, was born May 2, 1814, and is the son of Tilghman H. West and Mary A. nee Mitchell. His ancestors emigrated from England to Maryland, previous to the Revolution. His paternal great-grandfather held an office under the British government, and when war was declared returned to England ; but his grandfather, Benja- min West, and his mother's father, Edward Mitchell, entered the service under General Washington, and con- tinued till the close of the revolutionary war. The history and many incidents of the war, as related by his grand- fathers, made a strong impression on the youthful mind of the subject of this sketch. His father, who was a large slaveholder, becoming dissatisfied with the institution of slavery, manumitted his slaves, and in 1818 removed to Illinois, and settled four miles west of Belleville, which contained about half-a-dozen houses. Here he was assisted in building perhaps the first school-house erected in the county. The hardships incident to a frontier life, instead of dis- couraging, tended to strengthen the resolution to succeed iu life, and gave to him when a boy, that decision of character which has marked his life. There is nothing more instruc- tive and significant than a record of the early experiences and influences which develop the character and direct the lives of successful men. When only twelve years of age, he was hoeing corn in the field, and there passed along the road near where he was at work, Governor Ninian Edwards and two other gentlemen, one a lawyer, the other an office- holder under the general government. They were talking of General Jackson and Henry Clay as having risen from farmers to men of the highest standing and influence. Then and there the boy determined, that if unfailing effort ou EISIOJRY OF MADISON CO UNI Y, ILLINOIS. 357 his part would achieve success, he would do so, and he never lost sight of the object to be attained. Leaving home the next year, he spent two years in the recorder's office in Springfield, and recorded all the deeds made in Sangamon county during that time, also attended to the post-office, and cultivated the garden of his employer. In 1833 he obtained a clerkship in the land office in Ed- wardsville, in the office of William P. McKee, register, where he spent two years, working fourteen hours a day, at a salary of twelve dollars a month. Saving one-third of his wages, and having acquired a knowledge of book-keep- ing, he opened a store in Edwardsville in the early spring of 1835. With almost no capital except industry and energy, and with a sense of rectitude which governed all his thoughts and actions, he had so trained his mind to right thinking, and his will to right feeling and right doing, that it became a part of his intellectual and moral nature. He soon established the reputation of a reliable business man, and by industry, fair dealing, pleasant manners and prompt attention to all the details of his business, built up the largest trade in the town. Since the year 1824 there had been no bank in Ed- wardsville, and the business in the town having largely increased, the want of such an institution was felt ; and in 1867, in connection with his son-in-law, Major William R. Prickett, he erected a fine building, and established the banking house of West & Prickett. The institution has ample capital, and is conducted on strict business princi- ples, and has met with that success which must follow a business conducted on a sound basis and honorable dealing. In the financial panic of 1873, when almost every bank in the county suspended payments, the house of West & Prickett continued to pay and to discount as usual during the whole time ; and at the close of the panic the number of their depositors was largely increased, and they had more money in their vaults than at the beginning. Notwithstanding his close attention to business, Mr. West has devoted much time to reading and selfculture. An earnest student, and with great fondness for literature, he has collected a fine library, comprising some choice and rare books. Among them may be found Ossian's poems, Herodotus, Plato, Locke, Sir William Hamilton's Meta- physics, Bacon, Brown's Philosophy, Thiers, Wiseman, La- martine, Guizot, De Tocqueville and others. In recognition of his literary attainments the board of trustees and faculty of the oldest college in the state conferred on him the de- gree of Master of Arts. When the Illinois National Guards was being formed he was commissioned captain in the 15th Battalion. In political aflTairs Mr. West has taken an active interest, and has received many expressions of confidence from his fellow-citizens ; he has been a candidate for office fifteen times, and with two exceptions, has always been elected. He was a member of the State Constitutional Con- vention in 1848, and took an active part in the debates of that body, and commanded the respect of the members of the convention. He was on the finance committee, and it was by his eflTorts in that committee that the article for the payment of the state debt was reported, and by its opera- tion the state debt was paid. He also drafted the article "On Counties," by which a stop was put to the evil of dividing counties and removing county seats. His ambi- tion, however, has not been for political distinction, pre- ferring rather the pursuits of business and the quiet of domestic life. In business he has been remarkably suc- cessful, never having had but one suit at law in the county, where he has been in constant business nearly fifty years. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but since that party became extinct, has acted with the Democratic party. For years he has been an active and prominent member of the ^Slethodist church, and for fifty years engaged in Sunday- school work. In 1835 he was married to Miss Julia A. Atwater, in whom he found a worthy companion and wife, for fifty-two years. Only three of his children arrived at age : Virginia, wife of Major W. R. Prickett, Mary, wife of W. F. L. Hadley, and Norah, the youngest, who is with him at home. Mr. West is now sixty-eight years of age, and although possessed of ample means, may be found every day at his place of business, with the energy and quickness of a man of fifty years. A man of pleasing address ; social and hos- pitable; generous and liberal in his sentiments; retaining the activity, vivacity and cheerfulness of youth, his life re- veals the success that may be attained by self-reliance, integrity and persevering industry. 46 358 HISTOBY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. KD 0\^v^^a\^ \j \JUut^^. "^ Was born in Edwardsville, 111., September 30, 1828. He was the eldest child of Matthew and Nancy (Gordon) Gil- lespie. His mother died during his early childhood. David in his youth had but few of the advantages for obtaining an education that are now enjoyed by nearly every child in the land. The State was then in its infancy, and the school system but imperfectly operated. His education was there- fore mainly obtained at the select or subscription schools, with a short time spent at Shurtleff College. As a boy or man he was always a careful student, and by his industry acquired a vast fund of general information. So thorough and complete was his system of study that he could at any time call to mind and into practical use anything that he had ever read or learned. He had a remarkably retentive memory, and was well-versed in the sciences and literature of the day. He was in the broadest and most liberal sense of the term a self-made man, which, in after years, was fully demonstrated by his powers of clear thinking, prac- tical reasoning and self-reliance. Several years before he had attained his majority he had conceived the idea that he would like to follow the profession of law. He accordingly became a student of law in the office and under the direc- tion of his uncle Joseph Gillespie. Here he obtained the mental food that stimulated his active mind. The intrica- cies of the proper government and conduct of man with his fellow man, as laid down by Blackstone, Kent, Story, and other eminent jurists, found a fertile field in the mind of the young student; and on arriving at twenty-one years of age he was admitted to practice at the bar. He had, however, previously attended a course at the law school in Cincinnati, Ohio. From the time of his enrollment as an attorney-at-law until the day of his death he was actively employed in his chosen profession. Few, if any, lawyers ever practised at the bar in Madison county who were more thoroughly acquainted with the phil- osophy and intricacies of the law than he. As a lawyer he worked with zeal and energy for the cause of his client, but he would never resort to any unfair or unlawful means to win a case. He became a successful practitioner from the fact that he possessed legal abilities of a high order, and by his honesty and integrity won the confidence of judges and juries. He participated in several important causm celebre, HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 359 which have shed lustre upon the jurisprudence of the State of Illinois. As an advocate he was both wittj- and logical, and when his full powers were aroused and called into requi- sition in the interests of his client, his language became not only ornate, but truly eloquent. In 1861 he was appointed Master in Chancery, a position he filled with credit for twelve successive years. While discharging the duties of that office, he was further honored by being elected to the office of County Judge, which position he filled from December, 1865, to December, 1869. With all the multiplicity of duties devolving upon him as Master in Chancery, he never neg- lected his extensive law practice, and at the same time made a record as County Judge that his friends may point to with pride, as being among the purest and most economical in the history of Madison county. His death occurred at his home in Edwardsville, after a very brief illness, on the evening of August 1st, 1881. He was married to Miss Minna A. Barnsback, October 8th, 1855. She was the daughter of the late Julius L. Barns- back. His widow, two sons and two daughters survive him. In his social and family relations, he was one of the purest and best of men — ever true to his friends and to the principles that he believed to be right. In politics, he was a Republican. JOSIAS RANDLE Was born in Brunswick county, Virginia, Oct. 1st, 1766. Entered the itinerant ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in early life. Removed to the state of Georgia in 1790, and was married to Miss Ann Thorn in 1795. He continued an itinerant minister in Georgia until 1810. Becoming dissatisfied with the institution of slavery, and unwilling to raise his family in a slave state, he removed to Illinois territory in 1811, and settled on a tract of land, one and a half miles south of the present city of Edwardsville. There were at that time only two counties in the ter- ritory, Randolph and St. Clair. St. Clair was the northern frontier. Soon after, however, these counties were divided, and Madison county was organized, embracing all the nor- thern frontier. Mr. Randle was appointed by Gov. Ninian Edwards to the offices of clerk of the county, and circuit court and county recorder. In 1818 the state government was formed, and he was re- appointed to the same offices by Gov. Bond. Soon after his second appointment, a great speculation sprang up in what was called the " Military district " of lands granted to sol- diers, which so increased the business in the recorder's office that he resigned the clerkship and confined himself to the duties of the recorder's office, which he continued to hold until his death, which occurred on the 15th January, 1824, from acute inflammation of the lungs. His family consisted of eight children, seven sons and one daughter. Four of the sons died in early life. Rev. Barton Randle, the oldest son, died in Staunton, Macoupin county, January 2, 1882, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. Rev. Richard Randle, the second son, now in his eighty- fourth year, resides in Taylorville. The daughter, Mrs. M. P. Ripley, lives in Staunton, Illinois ; and Doctor Peter W- Randle resides in San Francisco, Cal. Mr. Randle's name occurs in the history of the M. E. Church of Madison county, as a prominent and influential local minister from 1811 to 1824, the time of his death. He was a warm and intimate friend of Hon. Wm. H. Craw- ford of Georgia, and deeply deplored the difficulty which existed between Mr. Crawford and Governor Edwards, when Crawford was secretary of the treasury in Monroe's ad- ministration, and which led to the recall of Gov. Edwards whilst on his way as minister to Mexico. Mr Randle was of a genial disposition, fine presence, and enlarged hospitality. His death was deeply felt and de- plored by all who knew him, and indeed by all the citizens of the county. ROBERT BOSOMWORTH Was born in Yorkshire, England. He is the son of George and Alice (Wright) Bosomworth. His mother died in Eng- land. In 1854 he emigrated to America and brought his father with him, who died the same year. Mr. Bosomworth is the only survivor of the family. He settled in Spring- field, Ohio, stayed there but a short time, then came west to Morgan county, Illinois, where he remained two years. In 1856 he came to Madison county, and in 1866 bought 160 acres of woodland, where he now lives, cleared ii and opened a farm, and there he still remains. On the 10th of June, 1829, he married Hannah Porter, who was born in Sussex, England, June 30, 1805. By this mar- riage there were eight children, five of whom are living. George, John, and Robert are dead. Charles lives in Ma- coupin county. Mary, Alice, William, and James are the names of those living. Politically Mr. Bosomworth has been and is yet a Republican. He has all his life been a hard working man of industrious habits. He has been a resident of the county since 1856, and in that time has made many acquaintances, who all know him as an honest upright man, who at all times strives to do his duty, and fulfil evfery obligation made by him. 360 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS Ul . 4f. ^z^^v^ Charles Dale, an ancestor, was a native of England, who in 1690 removed to Ireland. Samuel Dale, his grandson, and grandfather of M. G. Dale, emigrated from Ireland to America in 1766, and settled in Chester county, Pennsyl- vania. In the revolutionary war he espoused the patriot cause, and the records show that he took an early and active part in the defense of colonial rights. He was an earnest advocate of the rights of the peojile, and was a member of the House or Senate of Pennsylvania for twenty years. The visitor to the State Capital at Harrisburg, will see on the walls of the Governor's room, in appropriate frames, sundry documents kept as precious relics of the earhj days of the Commonwealth. They are original commissions issued to the Presidents and Vice Presidents of that com- monwealth : One to Joseph Reed as President, and William Moore as Vice President in 1782, in the seventh year of the commonwealth, one to the eloquent and gifted John Dicker- son as President and James Irvine as Vice President in 1784, and one to Benjamin Franklin as President and Charles Biddle as Vice President in 1786. These are signed by the members of the General Assembly and Su- preme Executive Council of the commonwealth, convened in the State House at Philadelphia, and the name of Samuel Dale, the grandfather of M. G. Dale, is subscribed to each. In 1769 Samuel Dale married Ann, daughter of Samuel Futhey, of Chester county, Pennsylvania. She died in 1835 at the age of eighty four-years. Nine children were the offspring of that marriage, among whom was Samuel F., father of M. G. Dale. He, too, spent years in public life ; was commissioned lieutenant colonel of militia when scarce of age. He represented the counties of Mercer and Ve- nango for many years in the Pennsylvania Legislature. He disciplined and commanded a regiment on the northern frontier in the war of 1812. He devoted much time during his life to the various positions he held as president or trus- tee of literary and benevolent institutions. He also served as a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and Oyer and Terminer of Lancaster county, from 1819 to 1842. He married Eliza, daughter of Michael Gundaker, an extensive and successful merchant of Lancaster City. Her father was the son of Michael and Ann Gundaker (maiden name Smith), from Nassau, Germany ; her mother was Barbara AValter, of York Pennsylvania, daughter of Henry and Magdalena Walter (maiden name Myers), from Basle, Switzerland. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 361 Michael G. Dale, whose name heads this memoir, was born in Lancaster city, Pennsylvania. His youth was spent in the schools of his native city, except one year in attend- ance at West Chester Academj^ in Chester county. He entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg and graduated in the class of 1835, delivering the Latin salutatory of that year. 'An honor which might well be highly appreciated by him was conferred by Pennsylvania College in electing him to preside on the 28th of June, 1882, at the semi-centennial celebration of that Institution. The large attendance, the character of the addresses and the varied exercises made it an occasion of interest. His remarks on taking the chair are favorably noticed in several numbers of the " College Monthly." He commenced the study of law in Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar there in 1837. Traveling in Illinois in 1838, he was retained at Green- ville, Bond county, as counsel in a suit. His success led him to be employed in others. This induced him to remain in Greenville and open a law office. The next year, 1839 he was elected Probate Judge, an office held for, fourteen years or during his subsequent residence in Bond county. In 1844, he was under the State militia law elected and commissioned Mayor. He, with Colonels Parker and Ferguson, held the military court convened at Alton in 1847. In 1846-7, after the failure of the banks and consequent great scarcity of money, the State being largely in debt from the unsuccessful attempt at railroad building, and the State warrants being at a heavy discount, repudiation of the State debt was openly advocated. Judge Dale earnestly de- nounced repudiation, insisting that wastefulness and extrava- gance consequent on an inflated currency had caused the debt, but that a system of retrenchment should be inaugu- rated by a constitutional convention, and that the debt could in time be honorably paid without serious inconvenience to the tax-payers. A State Constitutional Convention being called in 1847, he was elected a member of that body, and with the friends of reform worked indefatigably in incorporating into the constitution such a system of retrenchment and such provision for the future as assured the gradual reduc- tion of the public debt, and made the new constitution acceptable and welcome to the people of the State. By the convention journal it appears that he was at the organization of the convention appointed a member of the Legislative Committee, subsequently of the Committee of Internal Im- provements, and at the close of the convention one of the committee to prepare the address of the convention to the people of the State. In 1853, Judge Dale resigned the office of county Judge of Bond county to accept the office of Register of United States Land Office at Edwardsville, to which he was ap- pointed by President Pierce. On the removal of this office to Springfield he was elected county Judge of Madison county, which office he held for eight years. As county Judge of Madison county he manifested the same prudence and economy in the management of the county affairs, the same devotion to the interests of the county that had rendered his administration in Bond county successful and popular. After an interval of between eight or nine years he was again elected county Judge, and in 1877 and 1882 re-elected, and at present fills the office. When Judge Breese was elected Judge of the circuit, he, unsolicited, appointed Judge Dale, Master in Chancery of Madison county ; he held the office during the succeeding administration of Judge Snyder. In May 1849, at Vandalia, he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret M. Ewing. Her grandfather. Finis Ewing, was one of the founders of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church. Her maternal grandfather was Col. E. C. Berry, the first Auditor of the State of Illinois. Her father. Gen. W. L. D. Ewing, had filled many public places. He had been Speaker of the House of Representatives of Illi- nois, had also represented tliis State in the United States Senate, and had been acting Governor of the State. Mr. Dale has four sons living. His eldest son (Erving), having died whilst in the practice of his profession (medicine) in Kansas. Tho.se living are, James B., Charles S., Lee, and Samuel G. Judge Dale was an early friend and advocate of free schools, believing that our government depended much for its strength on the intelligence and virtue of the people. He rejoices in the wonderful improvement he has witnessed in tlie school system of the State. He has been for nearly forty years an officer under the common school law of the State, and is now President of the Board of Education of 1 the city of Edwardsville. We have stated some facts in the life of Judge Dale from ' which the reader may infer that he has always possessed the esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens. He is known as a man of the strictest integrity ; indeed, throughout his long public life, no man has ever questioned the sincerity of his conduct or the purity of his motives. He has been distinguished throughout his whole life for his industry. His life has been one of incessant application. llis industry, coupled with a clear, practical mind, rendered I him successful as judge, legislator and lawyer. Whatever ' he undertakes, is undertaken earnestly and accomplished with thoroughness and correctness. 362 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS JUDGE MATTHEW GILLESPIE— (deceased.) Judge Matthew Gillespie, was born in the city of New York on the 26th of November, 1807, and was the eldest son of David and Sarah Gillespie, there being but two children, Matthew and Joseph. The latter is yet a resident of Edwardsville, and one among its oldest and most honored citizens. They were of Scotch - Irish parentage, the family having emigrated from Mona- ghan, Ireland, to New York but a short time prior to Mat- thew's birth. In 1819, the family moved to Illinois when Matthew was but twelve years of age, and with his parents settled in Madison county, where he continued to reside to the time of his decease ; and where the priva- tions and struggles incident to pioneer life tended to deve- lop those strong and leading traits of character, which mark- ed his after life. At that early day, the facilities for obtain- ing an education were very limited ; he therefore, received no more than a common school education, and even this was mainly due to the instructions of his mother. It was to her, more than all others, that he was indebted for that early training which made him so useful a man in after life. With his love for books, he became familiar with modern history, and acquired much more than an ordinary know- ledge of law and theology. In February, 1827, when he was twenty years of age, he, with his brother Joseph, proceeded to «the Galena lead mines ; from which he returned in the fall of the same year, when he married Miss Nancy Gordon, a sister of the Rev. Joseph Gordon, late of Vandalia. Of this union there was but one child born who lived to maturity — the late Judge David Gillespie of Edwardsville. His wife dying, he again married March 10th, 1839, Mrs. Martha Hynes, nee Mc- Grew, a lady of Scotch parentage. Only three children of this marriage grew to man and womanhood ; Isabella J, wife of Moses B. Sherman ; Nellie, wife of W. R. Brink, both residents of Edwardsville, and Joseph J. living in San Francisco. Judge Gillespie was a man of sanguine temperament and positive qualities. He readily arrived at decided opinions on all subjects presented to his consideration, and ever main- tained what he deemed to be right with much ability and HISIORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 36" zeal. His friendships were strong and enduring, and he was ever found a warm champion for those he loved. He was a good judge of human nature, and was rarely, if ever mis- taken in the character of men. His hospitality and charities were fully commensurate with his means. His social quali- ties were of the best order ; genial, lively, quick at repartee ; he threw around him a degree of animation that made it impossible to feel dejected in his company. Mr. Gillespie was an able and efficient public officer ; his qualifications were of the first order, and his faithfulness worthy the example of all who are entrusted with public cares. In 1832, he was the elected Coroner of this county ; from 1836 to 1838, he was engaged in the Land Office; in 1839, was elected Judge of Probate, which office he honora- bly filled for four years. Was enrolling and engrossing clerk in the State Senate in 1839 and '40; was elected Treasurer and Assessor in 1844, for four years; was ap- pointed by Gen. Taylor, Registerof the Land Office in 1849, for four years ; was subsequently elected Police Magistrate of Edwardsville, which office he continued to fill to the time of his decease. In all his official positions he performed his duties with honor to himself and satisfaction to his constitu- ency. He was strongly imbued with Whig proclivities, and was a great admirer of Henry Clay. After that party be- came disorganized he affiliated with the Republican party. He was an old and intimate acquaintance of President Lin- coln, and gave him the most ardent support for the office of the Chief Magistracy of the United States. The house of Mr. Gillespie, when Mr. Lincoln was stopping at Edwards- ville, was one of the. latter's favorite places of " breaking bread," and where the family and friends enjoyed the rare treat of listening to the fun-loving anecdotes so peculiar to Mr. Lincoln. As a friend to youth, Mr. Gillespie had no superior. He was a zealous advocate of temperance, and by his pre- cepts and example, he labored hard to further the welfare and success of the young men of his time. But of all his excellent memories, his moral, religious, and domestic char- acter is the most pleasant. Early in life he made a profession of religion, and attached himself to the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church, of which body he continued a consistent and leading member during its organization in this vicinity. In 1836, he united with the Methodist Church, of which he continued a communicant to the time of his decease. His earnest liberality, zeal, and sound judgment made him a valuable member of the church and of society, and at the time of his death he was one of the trustees of McKendree College. As a neighbor, he was obliging and generous to the last degree, and as a husband and father, he was all that affection could desire. He passed to the unknown beyond, on the evening of the 24th of March, 1861. His last words were, " I am gone," and he instantly breathed his last. He was nearly 54 years of age, and had spent a large portion of his life in active, public service, and it can be truthfully said, that the world is better for his living. At this writing, his widow is yet living, and is a resident of Edwardsville. She is now in her sixty-eighth year of age, and is strong physically and mentally for one of her years.* *For much of the above we are indebted to an article published in 1801 by Mr. E. M. West, who was a warm friend of Judge Gillespie- 364 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. (p^^-jC/Zt^ ^/U(rio(i'ewshain is a member of the M. E. Church. ^lajor Newsham is a member of the order of A. F. and A. M., and was made a mason in England in 1854, in the Lodge pre- sided over by the Earl of Zetland, and now by the Prince of Wales. Politically he was originally a member of the Whig party, lu 1860, he voted for Abraham Lincoln, and from that time to the present, has been a Republican. In his habits he is temperate, and an advocate of prohibition. He has been identified with every temperance movement started in Ed- wardsville since 1850. In his manners he is a pleasant and agreeable gentleman, and in the community where he has long resided, is regarded as an honorable man and a good citizen. ■ cQ^-^ j^S^^- THE CITY OF ALTON. ,HE first settlement on the site of the present city of Alton, seem-j to have been made about the year 1783, by a Frenchman named Jean Baptiste Car- dinal. The evidence of this rests on the report made in 1813, by the Board of Commissioners appointed to examine the claims for land within the district of Kaskaskia. The Commissioners state that about thirty years previous Cardi- nal lived at Piasa, five or six leagues above Cahokia, that he there built a house and resided with his family, but was taken prisoner by the Indians, when his family were obliged to abandon their frontier location and retire to the village of Cahokia There was no proof before the Commissioners that he had placed any land under cultivation. Cardinal appears to have conveyed his claim in the year 1793 to John Edgar, then a prominent and wealthy citizen of Kaskaskia, who was largely interested in the land speculations of the time. The deed was witnessed by La Violette in September, lTi)5, and acknowledged before William Morrison five months afterward. Cardinal affixed his mark to the deed, but Edgar, to show the fairness of the transaction, produced a letter from Cardinal, dated July, 1795, ofiering Edo-ar the land, which letter was signed by Cardinal himself in a very good hand. These facts made the Commissioners suspicious of the transfer, and they recommended that, should the claim (for a tract of land four arpents in front by forty in depth) be confirmed by congress, " the confirmation be to the said Cardinal, or his legal representatives, as the title papers of the said John Edgar appear not to be regular." It is altogether probable that the Piasa where Jean Baptiste Cardinal made this settlement in 1783 was on ground now covered by the city of Alton. While five or sis leagues fdll short of the real distance from Cahokia, a matter of not so much importance when we cDnsider the inaccurate way in which distances were computed at that time, still there could scarcely have been any other Pjasa than at the locality where was depicted upon the rocks the famous Piasa bird, an object of great interest to the French from their first ex- ploration of the countr.v, and the story of which was one of the most familiar of the Indian legends.* *The figures of the Piasa bird were painted on the face of th' rocky bliiff, just above the city. They are first referred to by Mai quette, who descended the Mi.-wissippi in the summer of 1673. He says : ''As we coasted along rocks frightful for their height and length, we saw two monsters painted on one of the roek«, which startled us at first, and upon which the boldest Indicin dare not gaze long. "They are as large as a calf, with horns on the head like a deer, a frightful look, red eyes, bearded like a tiger, the face somewhat like a man's, the body covered with scales, and the tail so long that it twice makes the turn of the body, passing over the head and down between the leg?, ending at last in a fish's tail. Green, reJ and black are the colors employed. On the whole the.se two monsters are so well painted that we could not believe any Indian to have been the designer, as good painters in France would find it hard to do as well. Besides this lliev are painted so high upon the rock that it is hard to get conveniently at them to paint them." Traces of these figures were visible till some HISTORY GF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 375 la the year 1807 there was one small stone buililiiig to mark the site of the present city. It was near where the time after 1S40. The face of the blufl' on which they were depicted, lias uow been quarried away. The tradition connected with this rock existed among all the abori- ginal inhabitant-iof the West. No Indian passed up or down tlie river without discharging bis arrow at the painting, and after the Indians became accustomed to lire-arms bullets were substituted for arrows. Tlie marks of ten thousand bullets were on the clifl". Sometimes the Indians left their canoes and proceeded to the bluffs where they held a .solemn war council, concluding the whole with a splendid war dance, manilisiing all tlie while the most exuberant joy in the recolleclion of their deliverance from this great mon-^ter. Tlie legend of the Piasa is told as follows : " Many thousand moons before the arrival of the pale faces, when the great raegalouyx and mastodon whose bones are now dug up were still in this land of green prairies, the numerous and powerful n.ation called the Illinois, inhabi- ted the state which now bears their name, over the greater portion of which their hunting grounds extended. For many years they con- tinued to increase in numbers and prosperity, and were deemed the bravest and most warlike of all the tribes of the great valley. At length in their most populous districts near the residence of their greatest chief, there appeared an enormous animal, part beast, and part bird, which took up its abode on the rock and banqueted daily upon numbers of the people, whom it bore off in its immense talons. It was covered with scales of every possible color, and had a huge tail, with a blow of which it could shake the earth. From its head which was like the head of a fox, with the beak of an eagle, projected im- mense horns, and its four feet were armed with powerful claws, in each of which it could carry a buflalo. The flapping of its enormous wings was like the roar of thunder, and when it dived into the riverit threw the waves far up on the land. To this animal they gave the name of the bird of the Piasa, or bird of the evil spirit (according to some, " the bird which devours men). In vain did the Medicine men use all their power to drive away this fearful visitor. He would be satisfied with nothing but human flesh, and day by day the tribe diminished to feed hia insatiable appetite. Whole villages were desolated, and con- sternation spread through all the tribes of the Illinois. At length Owatoga, a chief whose fame as a warrior extended even beyond the great lakes, separating himself from the rest of his tribe, fasted in solitude for the .space of a whole moon, and prayed to the Great Spirit, the Master of Life, that he would protect his children from the Plasa. On the last night of his fast the Great Spirit ap- peared to him in a dream, and directed him to select twenty of his warriors, each armed with a bow and pointed arrows, and conceal them in a designated spot. Near the place of their concealment another warrior was to stand in open view as a victim for the Piasa, which they must shoot the instant he pounced on his prey. When the chief awaked in the morning he thanked the Great .Spirit, returned to his tribe, and told his dream. The warriors were quickly selected and placed in ambush. Owatoga offered himself as the victim, willing to die for his tribe; and placing himself in open view of the bluff, he soon saw the Piasa perched on the cliff eyeing his prey. Owatoga drew up bis manly form to its utmost height ; and, placing his feet firmh- upon the earth, began to chant the death-song of a warrior. A moment after, the Piasa rose in the air, and swift as a thunderbolt, darted down upon the chief. Scarcely had he readied his victim when every bow was sprung, and every arrow sjjcd to the feather into bis boily. The Piasa uttered a wild, fearful scream, that resounded far over the opposite side of the river, and expired. Owatoga was safe. Not an arrow, not even the talons of the bird had touched him ; for the Master of Life, in admiration of his noble deed, had held over him an invisible shield. The tribe now gave way to the wildest joy, and held a great feast in honor of the event, and to commemorate it, painted the figure of the bird on the side of the rock on whose sum- mit the chieftain stood.'' railwaj' depot now stands, and was used by the French as a place for trading with the Indians. It was constructed of loose rock, without mortar, and its roof was a covering of elm bark. The early American settlers could not tell how long it had been standing, and it i.s possible that here may have been the original location of Jeau Baptiste Cardinal. FOUNDATION OF THE TOWN BY COL. EUFUS E.iSTON. The first to recognize the advantages of the site of Alton as the place for a flourishing town seems to have been Col. Rufus Easton, of the neighboring territory of Missouri. He was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, on the fourth of May, 1774 ; studied law in Connecticut, and after practicing \\\i profession a couple of years in Oneida county, New York, came to St. Louis in the year 1804. He enjoyed the friendship of Gideon Granger, Aaron Burr, and other influ- ential men of that day, and through their influence was commissioned by President JeflTerson, Judge for the terri- tory of Louisiana. In the year 1808 the first post office wa^ established in St. L)uis, and Rufus Easton was appoint- ed postmaster. From ISH to I8l8 he was delegate in Congress from Missouri territory. On the organization of the state government of Missouri in 1821, he was appointed attorney general for the State, and held that office till 1826. He died at St. Charles, Jlissouri, on the fifth of July, 1834. He had fine executive and administrative ability. His son, Alton Rufus Easton, whose Christian name was given to Alton, commanded a regiment, known as the St. Louis Le- gion, in the Mexican war, and is still a resident of St. Louis. Col. Easton obtained possession of land in the vicinity, and early in the year 1817 laid out a town which, in ftonor of his son, Alton R. Easton, he called Alton. It is also said that Langdon, George and Alby streets were named after some of his children. The town was laid out on fractional sections eleven and fourteen, of township five north, range ten west.* The old town plat, or Easton's ^ The following is a list of the lands included in the limits of Alton, showing when and by whom each quarter and fracliimal section was entered, together with the number of acre^ in each. These lands are comprised in sections eleven and twelve, and frac- tional sections ten, thirteen and fourteen, all in township five north and range ten west of the third principal meridian : S. E. quarter section eleven, containing 100 acres, was entered by Andy Donegan, August 19, 1814. S. W. quarter section twelve, con- taining ItJO acres, was entered by Andy Donegan, August 19, 1814. Fractional section thirteen, containing 278.V acres, was entered by Andy Donegan, August 19, 1814. Fractional section fourteen, con- taining 93. l-') acres, was entered by Andy Donegan, August 19, IS14. N. E. and N. W. quarters section twelve, containing .320 acres, were entered by Lester, and Easton, legal representative of John Lester, . December 14, 1814. S. E. quarter secti as the country was very unhealthful and the " graveyard of the West. " On their arrival at Shields' branch they took possession of a " half-faced " camp, as it was called, in which the whole party lived for nearly two months. The room, * In the latter |iart of ISIO Price and Colter built a log cabin on the hill above the spring and cleared a small tract of land in the bottom. Near the fame, June 20, 1811 , they were in the field at work. Price hoeing corn. Colter was plowing ; they discovered two Indians approaching. Price said " I will go to the cabin and get the gun. " The Indians came up pretending to be very friendly, the larger one gave his hand to Price, at the same time seizing the gun and holding Price while the other Indian ran up behind Price and shot him in the back, being so near that the powder burned a hole in his shirt as large as a person's hand. Colter seeing what was going on mounted his hor.^^e to escape but received a shot in the leg. He succeeded in giv- ing the alarm. Solomon Preuitt and two of his brothers with others gave pursuit until coming into the heavy timber in Wood River bot- tom, night coming on they gave up the pursuit. The ne.xt day they found that the Indians had taken refuge under a large tree that had been blown d )wn and escaped. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 377 which was about sixteen feet square, had a clap-board roof with a hole in it through which the smoke of the fire escap- ed. About one-half of the floor was cos'ered with punch- eons, while the balance served as kitchen and fire-place. Here was spent some of the coldest and most disagreeable weather of that winter. Soon after their arrival. Major Charles W. Hunter, proprietor of what was afterward called Hunterst>wu, made an offer of town lots to the party if they would establish a pottery ou his land. The proposi- tion was partially agreed to, and Pinckard and his comrades built a cabin of rouud logs on Shields' branch, about one hundred yards above where the covered bridge now stands. It had only one room, sixteen feet square, with hewed puncheon floor, clap-board roof, and was chinked and daubed. Into this comfortable cabin the families moved one week before Christmas, 1818. For some days previous the weather had been very cold. Ou Christmas day the men found a fine bee tree on the branch, and the honey contributed greatly to the enjoyment of the festivities of the day. During the winter of 1818-19 William G. Pinckard and Daniel Crume made a contract to build a house for Col. Eiston. This house was built of hewed oak logs. It had two large rooms with one open space between them over which a roof was thrown. This bouse was long the stopping-place, or hoel, of the villago of Alton. For many years it was occupied by Thomas G. Hawley. It stood near the corner of Second and Piasa streets, and when torn down in 1868 the logs were found to be as sound as when placed in position. Some of these logs came into the pos- session of H. G. McPike, and are now in a small building erected on his premises as a memento of the early days of Alton. Although small cabins had been erected previously this was the first structure which could be called a house built upon the site of the city of Alton. In 1819 William T. Pinckard, assisted by Crume and Heath, built for Major Hunter, a frame house which was the first frame building erected in Hunterstown. This house stood on Second street. About four hundred yards above the bridge over Shields' branch, Pinckard, Heath and Crume built a large log cabin intending to start a pottery, but their plan was not carried into execution. The cabin remained in at) unfinished con- dition, and for many years afterward, in fact as late as 1830 or 1831, was used in warm weather as a meeting-house for the Methodists. William Heath built a cabin for himself on Shields' branch, just below the covered bridge in which he lived till August, 1829, when his wife died. Joel Finch became a resident of Alton in 1819. He was a carpenter and began building houses. During the year 1819 he built a house for Major Hunter, in which Hunter moved the same year, and in which his wife died not many months afterward. In this year a row of small teaements was built under the brow of the bluff, extending along where Second street now is, west of Piasa. In order to induce travelers to come by the Fountain fjrry, a road was necessary to Alton from the old town of Milton, in the forks of Wood river ; and it was found indis- pensable to build a bridge over Shields' Branch. A frame bridge was accordingly built by Joel Finch, under contract with Col. Easton, who agreed to pay him two hundred dol- lars at the store of Thomas Lippincott in Milton. This bridge was constructed very near the site of the present covered bridge, and the original was succeeded by one or two structures of a similar kind, at or about the same place, before the bridge which now spans the Branch was erected. At first the road wound partly through the bottom, but was soon made, as now, along the slope of the bluff. There were about this time (1819) two families residing between Wood river and Alton. Ou a farm adjoining Wood river, the Widow Meacham had resided from a date pre- vious to the war of 1812. Near Alton lived James Smith, whose daughter became the wife of Jubilee Posey, one of the pioneer settlers in the neighborhood of Troy. In the columns of the Edwardsville Spectator of the 18th of April, 1820, appears the following advertisement. The buildings referred to are, doubtless, those we have already mentioned to have been erected during the year 1819 by Joel Finch and Pinckard, Crume and Heath : "The sub- scriber has just finished large and commodious buildings, suitable for public entertainment, in the town of Alton, on the bank of the Mississippi, near Fountain ferry, on the main road to Boone's Lick and Salt river. lie is disposed to let them on moderate terms, when suited with a tenant. From its local situation, there can be no doubt of its becoming one of the best stands in the State. CiiAS. W. Hunter." In the same number of the Spectator, Matthias P. Ringer & Co. advertise, that " Any quantity of good, unslacked lime may be had for 25 cents per bushel at Alton, on the Mississippi," from which it would seem that the manufac- ture of lime was begun in this vicinity at an early day. On the same page of the same paper is a notice, dated February 23d, 1820, in which Eneas Pembrook calls the attention of the traveling public to the fact that "The sub- scriber has caused the roads leading to and from Fountain ferry to be put in good repair ; and he has an excellent set of boats and hands." Lest travelers " be not misled nor otherwise delayed," he gives the following directions : " On leaving Milton for the river, keep the left hand road to the foot of the bluff. It is level and dry. lu travelling to the east, from St. Charles to the State of Illinois, take the right hand road, when you get within about a mile of Smeltzer's, where you will observe the marks of a sign board knocked down. In passing this way, you will not be ddained by high ^vinds." In connection with the fact th .t Smeltzer was running a ferry in competition farther up the river, the rea.son for these directions is very obvious. Pembrook adds, that ho also keeps a tavern at the ferry for the accommodation of travelers. Whether this Eneas Pembrook was the same person who started the Feuntain ferry in 1817, it is impos- sible to ascertain. Bjck's Gazetteer of Illinois and Mis-souri, written in 1821, thus speaks of Alton : " Alton, although yet small, pos- sesses natural advantages rarely equaled. Situated, as it is, 378 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. at the junction of three large and navigable rivers; possess- ing a fine and commodious harbor and landing for boats at all seasons of the year ; surrounded by a fertile country, rapidly settling, it bids fair to become a populous, wealthy, and commercial town." The superior advantages of the town came to be recog- nized by some of the leading men of the state, who obtained possession of a claim to the land on which the town had been laid out adverse to that of Col. Kiifus Easton. Among the opponents of Easton were such men as Niniau Edwards, (the territorial governor), and Nathaniel Pope, who for many years sat on the bench of the United States District Court. Easton had the wealth, legal talent and experience of influential adversaries to contend with. Meanwhile, as no clear and undisputed title to property could be given, persons who would have become purchasers were driven away, no permanent improvements were made, and the town languished. This difficulty was final'y compromised by a division of the land. Among the portion allotted to Edwards, Pope, and their associates, were some blocks in the northeastern part, now partly included in what is called Middletown. By an act of the State Legislature, in session at Vanda- lia, approved February loth, 1S27, Shadrach Bond, Wil- liam P. McKee, and Gershom Jayne, were appointed commissioners to select and procure a suitable site for a penitentiary on the Mississippi river, at or near Alton, in Madison county. They were directed to see that the title be secure, and were authorized to cause the erection of buildings with the necessary cells, guard houses, work shops and other apartments. The funds for defraying the cost of the building and other expenses were to be obtained from one-half the proceeds of the sales to be made by James Caldwell, the commissioner appointed to sell certain lands within the Saline reserve of Gallatin county. Dur- ing the summer of IS'ii) the commissioners selected about seven acres on the bluff which William Russell ceded as a site for the penitentiary. The contract for erecting the building was let by the Board of Inspectors to a man named Ivory, who brought on some mechanics and worked on the building for some time, but by reason of some mis- fortune, failed, and left the country. The contract was then re-let to Joel Finch, who completed the wood work, and to Laurence Stone, who constructed the masonry. Work was begun late in the year 1830, but little was done till the following spring, when the construction of the build ing was rapidly carried forward. In June, 1828, biock one, bounded by Front, Second, Alby and Market streets, was purchased from William Russell, who had succeeded to the interest of Col. Rufus Easton, by Gershom Flagg, who a few days afterward sold a portion of the block to William Miller, who had recently moved from Edwardsville. Mr. Miller occupied the ferry house, kept a small grocery, and acted as agent for William Russell, who resided in St. Louis and visited Alton at occa- sional intervals. On the 21st of August, 1829, Beal Howard and Charles Howard arrived in Alton. They came from Maryland. There was at that time an old frame building on a portion of the ground now occupied by the mill of D. R. Sparks & Co., which had been previously used by some old Indian traders. This building in 1829, and for .some time after- ward, was occupied by Winthrop S. Gilman as a ware- house. It was subsequently replaced by one larger and more substantia ly built of stone, which was the base of operations for the firm of Godfrey, Gilman & Co., so widely and favorably known among the early business men of Al- ton. Beside this old frame house and the ferry house, there were only a few log cabins to constitute the old town. These cabins had been inhabited occajionally by transient residents for ten years previous. Corn was growing on a portion of the land between the Little Piasa and the bluff, and on the north and east there was a heavy growth of tim- ber. Along the slope of the bluff wild grape vines grew luxuriantly, while in the forest, east of the creek, the un- derbrush was so dense that the river could scarcely be seen ten rods distant. In Hunterstown resided Major Charles W. Hunter, and a few others, among whom were a man named Taylor and his sons-in-law. Oiler and Million. Of these last, their chief occupation and delight was bee-hunt- ing, and they certainly feasted on corn-bread, milk and honey. They were not of that class of men who yield gracefully to the requirements of civilization, and it was not long before they sought wider freedom in a location farther out on the frontier. In the year 1829 a frame building was erected on the site of the present Presbyterian church on Market street. The workmen were brought from St. Louis. It was two stories high, about thirty feet in length, and was occupied by Beal Howard as early as November, 1829. This is said to have been the first frame dwelling on the original town site. lu September, 1829, Gershom Flagg sold the east half of block one to Charles Howard, who on the southeast corner of the block put up a small log dwelling. It stood just opposite the place occupied afterward so many years by the Alton House. In 1829, a few days after the arrival of the Howards, a Mr. Jlintony became a resident of the town. He purchased a piece of ground, about two roods in extent, west of the Little Piasa creek and south of where Third street now is, for the sum of one hundred dollars. Upon this ground he built a steam saw mill, which stood a littl' way east of the present machine shop of George D. Ha; den. After running this mill about two years, Mr. Mintoi _ sold it to Ninian Edwards. It then came into the manage- ment of J. S. Lane, a son-in-law of Gov. Edwards, who leased it for a time to Don Alonzo Spaulding, who had pre- viously resided some years in the vicinity of Edwardsville. With the exception of a cooper shop, carried on by William Miller, this was the first step in the way of establishing manufactories in Alton. PROSPEROUS GROWTH. — 1831-36. The vigorous and healthy growth of the town began in the year 1831. The previous year a few permanent settlers were added to the place, but in 1831 the tide of immigra- tion began to flow in more strongly, mercantile houses were HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 379 established, and several important business enterprises set on foot. Among those who came that j-ear were : Samuel Avis, Edward Bliss, Robert M. Dunlap, Dr. William Emer- son, Mr. Fleshman, Stephen Griggs, Benjamin I. Oilman, William Haydcn, Elijah Hayden, A. C. Hankinson, Jona- than T. Hudson, William Manning, Mark Pierson, Jacob D. Smith, and Samuel Wade. Edward Bliss erected a frame building and opened a gen- eral store in the spring of 1831. This store was at the north side of Second street west of Little Piasa creek. William Manning, a former resident of Boston, who arrived in Alton April, 1»31, soon afterward opened a store on Second street, opposite the present city hall. For several years he kept the largest stock of goods, and had the most extensive trade of any of the Alton merchants. He was assisted in the store by his brother-in-law, Samuel Avis, and by Mark Pierson. He died in October, 1855. Mr. Fleshman was a merchant of considerable means, and for some "time was actively engaged in making building improvements. He erected a two-story brick store, the first substantial mercan- tile building in the place. It stood on the south side of Second street, west of the Pia.>^a, and was destroyed by fire. Early in the year 1831, Elijah Hayden purchased from William llussell the land from where the present building of Topping Bros, now stands, to one lot west of State street, and from the levee north to Third street. This purchase included the Fountain ferry privilege. He disposed of a large portion of the tract of ground for as much as he had paid for the whole, and then turned his attention to the ferry which had been discontinued for several years. He had a fine opportunity, as the boat at Smelter's ferry had sunk, and the emigration to Missouri and points westward was very heavy. He went to work with energy, and put tlie ferry in good order, securing a fine boat, horses, and fixtures. Under his management the Fountain ferry became a source of profit to the owner and a benefit to the town. At times the throng of emigrants was so great that many were com- pelled to camp out and await their turn. A horse boat was first used which was afterward replaced by one propelled by steam. After running the ferry three or four years Mr. Hayden sold the boat and ferry privilege to Eli and Isaac J. Foster. Subsequently the ferry was kept in operation only at intervals till its permanent establishment in recent years. Dr. William S. Emerson was the pioneer of the medical profe.ssiou. He was the first physician to locate in the town. His professional attainments were superior, while toward every one he manifested a kind and gentlemanly demeanor which gained him the good-will and respect of the commu- nity. He was a member of the town Board of Trustees as early as 1834 ; in a few years he returned to the East. Jonathan Trumbull Hudson was the first lawyer who opened an office in Alton. He was a member of the first Board of Trustees of the town, of which, except in the year 1834, he was president during the four or five years of his residence in that place. In 1832 he built a two story dwell- ing near the corner of Second and Henry streets. He had fine natur.il abilities and a good education. His manners were genial, and he was well fitted to become a popular and successful leader. Thomas G. Hawley and Andrew Miller had become residents of the place previous to the year 1831. The Rev. John M. Peck in his " Guide for Emigrants " written in 1831 thus spoke of Alton as it was at that date : "Lower Alton is thought by many to present superior advantages for commerce and business to any other spot ia the State. It is at the place where the curve of the Missis- sippi penetrates the farthest into the interior of Illinois. It is within one mile of the mouth of the great Missouri, sixteen miles below the mouth of the Illinois, and at the junction where the business and commerce of the wide- spread regions of the northeast, north, and northwest, must arrive. The great road from all the northern portions of Illinois, and from the counties that extend along the eastern side of the Illinois river, in the direction of St. Louis, and the mouth of the Ohio, passes through this place. The Legislature of Illinois, at its last session, memorialized Con^ gress to have the great National Road, now being constructed through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, to the seat of govern- ment in Missouri, pass at or near this place ; and, many are sanguine in expectation of this result. If it crosses the Mississippi aioue the mouth of the Missouri, Alton lies direct- ly in its route. It has the best landing for steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi, having a solid rock of level surface, of suitable height, and to which boats at any stage of water can come and discharge and receive cargoes. It has been selected as the site of the state penitentiary, which is now building ; and it is thought by many that it will yet become the seat of government for ths state. " This town is twenty miles north of St. Louis, and sixty miles west from Vandalia. One of the finest bodies of tim- ber in the state surrounds it for several miles in extent. Bituminous coal of a good quality and in common use by the blacksmiths, exists in abundance, and but a short dis- tance from the place. There are inexhaustible beds of lime- stone of a gopd quality for buildings, and easily quarried, and a species of sandstone, possessing a fine grain, which is quarried and dressed for monuments and architectural pur- poses. Here also is an abundance of that peculiar species of lime used for water-cement. The population of this place is rapidly increasing, and improvements are going on with great activity." " Building lots sell from twenty to one hundred dollars, according to situation. The policy of the principal pro- prietors is to sell lots thus low, but on condition that good buildings shall be erected on them within one year, on penalty of a forfeiture. A large number of these lots were sold a few months past, subject to these conditions. This is the finest place on the river for building and repairing steam- boats. Land is reserved for a large boat yard, and a steam- boat is contemplated to be built shortly to run between this place and St. Louis." '• With all these advantages Lower Alton is not without its disadvantages. As my object is to give an impartial statement relative to this place, I shall not pass over them. It is too much confined for a pleasant situation, being sur- rounded on the west and north with abrupt hills and bluffs. 380 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS As the business part of the town will necessarily be about the river and the landing, it will be a confined place. The south and southeast is open; but across the river, an exten- sive low bottom stretches up the Missouri and alonr; the Mississippi. From these circumstances it will be more ex- posed to fall fevers than on an elevated and airy situation. St. Louis is within twenty miles — a place admirably located and of great business. It now draws a considerable portion of the trade of Illinois, and will be a powerful rival to com- pete with. These difficulties leave the future prospects of the rise of a great commercial city shortly at this point, a li tie problematical at the present. Still it is a place that merits the attention of men of capital and business. Three or four mercantile houses are already established, are erect- ing warehouses, and calculate upon doing a large business in trade with the interior. Eight or ten merchants in the wholesale and retail line, and a suitable number of mechanics and manufacturers, would soon determine the question of a commercial town. Mechanics of almost every trade are wanted here; coopers to supply not only the demand here, but the St. Louis market, in casks, barrels, and firkins. Another large tannery, with shoemaking ; one slaughter house here, now in opera ion, will furnish five hundred hides yearly. A soap and tallow chandler. Cabinet-makers to supply the St. Louis market with furniture. Much of the supply of that market is now brought from Cincinnati. Stone and brick masons, plasterers, carpenters, and joiners are much needed. Hirdly any msehanic, needed in a rapidly increasing country, but might do well at Altoti. We advi e, however, that none but sober, industrious,, and enterprising men come to Alton, either Upper or Lower. The idle, profligate, and the intemperate will find the lead- ing men, and a large majority of the people, combined against them." " Lower Alton in March last (18S1) had thirty-two families and one hundred and seventy souls, to which there h;is been considerable increase. There were at that time one steam saw mill, one warehouse for packing beef and pork, one carpenter, one wagon maker, one tannery, one cooper with six journeymen and three apprentices, two brickmakers, one brick mason, one stone mason, one black- smith, two shoemakers, one lawyer, one tavern and boarding- house, and one retail store There are now in addition, one penitentiary with warden's house and offices, mechanic shops, yard, and twenty-four cells for convicts, three or four wholesale and retail stores, one physician, one week-day and Sabbath-school, several mechanics' shops, and a plan under consideration to establish a seminary of learning in the immediate vicinity. A steam fl curing mill is about be- ing built." Preparations for building a steam flouring mill were made during the autumn of 1831 by William Manning. This was the first important manufacturing establishment in Alton, and the project of building it excited much interest among the citizens of the town, and especially among the fiirmei'S of the surrounding country, who were anxious to be relieved from the slow and wearisome process of having their grist ground at the old band mills. Work was cim- menced at the mill in September, 1831, but it was not com- pleted and placed in running order till the year 1833. Lewis J. Clawson built the stone work and masonry. A man known as Boss Lee was the first contractor for getting out the frame, but afterward William Hayden superin- tended the construction of this part of the building. When the frame was ready to be "raised," invitations to attend the raising were sent to all the settlements for several miles round, and on the appointed day not less than one hundred and fifty men were present, gathered from curiosity to see the progress of so great a work, and to lend a helping hand. In raising the first " bent," the following poles broke and down came the massive timbers, fortunately without seriously injuring any of the men. After a few days, during which the damages resulting from this accident were repaired, a still larger number of persons assembled to complete ~the task. A whole day of hard labor was occupied in getting into position three "bents," or about one half of the two lower stories. It was then found necessary to procure an outfit of building rigging with which, and some ten or twelve men, the work of raising was completed. During the latter part of the year 1831, Stephen Griggs became associated in tha enterprise with Mr. Manning. A stock company was afterward organized, called the "Alton Manu- facturing Company," which was chartered by the legislature on the first of Fei)ruary, 1833. In this Mr. Manning was a large stockholder. The other charter members were David R., Stephen, Nathaniel, John, and Thomas Griggs, William Manning, Winthrop S. Gilman, Jonathan T. Hud- son, Elijah Lincoln, William Miller, Nathaniel R. Cobb, and Aaron D. Weld. The capital was fixed at fifty thou- sand dollars, with leave to extend to one hundred thousand. The building was four stories in height, with a basement of stone. It stood on the site of the present water-works. When built, the bluft", which has since been removed, ad- joined it. It was intended to have a side track of the rail- road (it was supposed that Alton would have railroad con- nection with other parts of the state at an early day) extend along the summit of the bluflf to a door in the upper part of the mill, from which the car loads of grain could be car- ried by spouts to any part of the mill desired. The mill remained under the management of the st company for some years, and though it was in charr skillful millers and mechanics, and was run with ecoi the profits were only nominal. It was afterward leasea . various parties, among whom were a Mr. Olney, George and Joseph Brown, and McElroy, Tibby & Co. Messrs. S. & P. Wise made important improvements, and ran it with success for some years. The stock of the old incorporation finally passed int(^ the hands of J. J. & W. Mitchell, who added a distillery and for sorpe time carried on a large milling and distillery business. F. J. Shooler was successor to the Mitchells, and was the last occupant. The ground on which the mill stojd about the year 1863, passed into the ppssession of the city, and the mill was taken down and removed. Jacob C. Bruner, was postmaster in 1832, and for some yeai-s subsequent to that date- William Barrett began the dry goods business in June, 1832. The first newspaper, the HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 381 Alton Spectator, was established in Jaiiuarj-, 1.832, by Ed- ward Breath and Orlean M. Adams. In the " Gazetteer of Illinois," published by Mr. Peck in 1834, we find much of the matter concerning Alton pre- viously printed in the " Guide for Emigrants." The author, however, stated in addition that " the corporate bounds extend two miles along the river, and half a mile back. The town plot is laid out by the proprietors upon a liberal scale. There are five squares reserved for public pur- poses and a large reservation is made on the river for a pub- lic landing and promenade. Market street u 150 feet wide, other streets are one hundred, eighty, and sixty, according to the situation and public accommodation. Lower Alton now contains (July, 1834), sixteen stores, several of which do a large wholesale business, two public houses, and several private boarding-houses, mechanics of various kinds, an expensive steam tlouring mill with four run of stones, owned by an incorporated company, and which cost 8-5,000 ; a steam saw mili in operation and another projected ; a boat yard contemplated, and a dock for the repair of steamboats, and about one thousand inhabitants. There is also a print- ing office which publishes weekly the Alton Spectator, a post-office, two lawyers, three physicians, one settled minister of the gospel, and preaching by Presbyterians, Episcopal Methodists, Protestant Methodists, and Baptists, each of which have churches organized. The public buildings are the penitentiary. It has the warden's house, guard house, twenty-four cells, and a portion of the wall erected, and the other parts of the work are in progress. A large stone ineetine-house, with a handsome spire, has been erected, and will soon be finished for the Presbyterian church ; the Protestant Methodists have erected a small but neat stone chapel ; and the Baptist church have just commenced build- ing a convenient house of worship. A week-day school, under good regulation, and a large Sabbath-school, are taught here. •' Landed property in and near the town has risen in value two and three hundred per cent, within three years. Eligi- ble lots have been recently sold for several hundred dollars, and lots on the blufl^s back have exceeded one hundred dol- lars. The facilities for business of various kinds will draw men of capital and enterprise to this place. The building and repair of steamboats may be made an extensive business, and no place on the western waters offers equal advantages. "With this object in view a foundry for casting and making all kinds of machinery is contemplated. Large quantities of provisions will be packed here, and business of every de- scription must increase to an indefinite extent." Among the institutions which the active and enterprising business men of that day considered essential to the prosperity of the town was a good hotel, and on the 12th of February, 1835, the Alton Hotel Company was incorporated with a capital stock of twenty thousand dollars. The com])auy designed erecting a large and tine building which would be creditable to the city. The work was begun, but when the financial crisis of 1837 came, like many other promising enterprises throughout the state, the project was abandoned. Portions of the foundation remained for long years after- 49 ward. The building was to extend from State streit east to Belle, about two hundred feet, and from Fourth northward nearly one hundred feet. The year 1836 was one of prosperity, and in the incor- poration of several large companies we have the evidence that the business men of Alton were looking confidently forward to the rapid growth of the place, and its increased importance as a manufacturing and commercial centre. On the 16th of January, 1836, the " Alton Shot and Lead Manufacturing Company" was granted a charter. The capital stock was fifty thousand dollars. Jonathan A Town- send, Benjamin I. Oilman, Isaac Prickett, Caleb Stone, Isaac Negus, and Sherman W. Robbins were the members of the Conipan)'. On the 18t,ii of January, 1836, the " Illinois ExportingCompany " was incorporated, with power to carry on the manufacture of ilour, wool, hemp, and other agricul- tural products, and to erect the necessary mills and machi- nery. The capital stock of the company was placed at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Neither of these incor- porations were able to put their projects into actual opera- tion. The Alton Branch of the State Bank of Illinois was esta- blished in 183 3, with Benjamin Godfrey president, and Stephen Briggs cashier. A branch of the Shawneetown Bank, with D. T. Wheeler as cashier, was established the subsequent year. On the 7th of February, 1836, the " Al- ton Marine and Fire Insurance Company " obtained a charter, and organized with a capital stock of twenty thou- sand dollars, exclusive of premiums, notes, and profits aris- ing from business. Benjamin I. Oilman was president, and E Marsh secretary of the company. EFFORTS TO BUILD UP ALTON. — PROJECTED RAILROADS. When Vandalia was made the capital of the state, in 1819, it was stipulated that the seat of government should remain there twenty years, but at the expiration of that period some other point might be selected. In 1834 the Legislature voted on the question of the future capital, and chose Alton. Afterward, however, in consideration of other advantages conferred by the Legislature, Alton yielded this honor, and in 1837 it was resolved to make Springfield the seat of government. A new state bank was chartered in 1835, with a capital stock of $1,500,000, with power to increase to $2,500,000. The principal bank was at Springfield, with branches at other points. Godfrey, Oilman & Co., of Alton, were largely concerned in negotiating for suras of money in the East to invest in the stock, and when the bank was organized were among the parties prominent in its control. The resources of the bank were freely given in furtherance of the ambi- tious scheme, then entertained by the public men of Illinois, of building up Alton as a commercial rival of St. Louis. To this end Godfrey, Oilman & Co. were loaned $800,000, with which to divert to Alton the immense trade of the lead mines about Galena, of which St. Louis was then in control. Godfrey, Oilman & Co. bought largely of lead, and by reason of the competition, the price of that commodity ad- vanced directly from -50 to 75 per cent., but after holding :3S2 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. the lead a long time in store in the East for a corresponding advance in the market there, sale had finally to bs made at a ruinous saorifice. To Stone, Manning & Co., and Sloo & Cj., several hundred thousand dollars were liiie- wise advanced to operate in produce, and with the same dis- astrous results. To their movement is greatly due the re- markable, but transient, prosperity of Alton from 1835 to 1837. About this period the people of Illinois entertained vast schemes of internal improvements, to be made at the. cost of the state. Of these expected improvements Alton secured the lion's share, though with the understanding that she should relinquish her claim to be the capital of the state. The Internal Improvement Act was passed in February, 1837, and by it Alton was made the terminus of three great lines of railroad. One, known as the Southern Cross-road, was to extend from Alton to Mt. Carmel, by way of Edwardsville, Carlyle, Salem, Fairfield, and Albion. From Mt. Carmel it was expected a line would be built through Indiana to iS'ew Albany, and there become connected with the great railroad chartered and surveyed from the Ohio river to Charleston, South Caroliua Another was designed to run from Alton to Shawneetown, to diverge from the Southern Cross-road at Edwardsville, and thence pass through Le- banon, Nashville, Piuckneyville, Frankfort, and Equality. At Lebanon this road was to be intersected by one running from Belleville to the Southern Cros.s-road. The third road was projected to run from Alton, by way of Hillsboro, to a central railroad to extend north and south through the state. For this last 8600,000 was appropriated, and like liberal sums to the other lines. Less than three years witnessed the collapse of the great internal improvement system, leaving an incubus of debt upon the state, and it was not till twelve years afterwards that the locomotive reached Alton. ALTON IN 1837. At the beginning of the year 1837, Alton had twenty wholesale stores, thirty-two retail stores and groceries, four hotels, two of which had commodious accommodations; four large pork-packing houses, and the shops of numerous me- chanics. The professions were represented by eight lawyers, seven physicians, and seven clergymen. Four newspapers were published, the Alton Spectator, the Alton Ttlcgraph, the Alton Observer, and the Illinois Temperance Journal. A large temperance society held monthly meetings, and a ly- ceum met once a week for the literary improvement of its members. There were two schools. Five churches had been organized, the Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist Episco- pal, Methodist Protestant, and Protestant Episcopal, all of which, with the exception of the last, had erected conve- nient houses of worship. There were two banks, one a branch of the State Bank of Illinois, and the other a branch of the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown. The value of the pork packed and prepared for the market ran up into hundreds of thousauds of dol. lars; and other products were shipped from the place in large quantities. In four years the value of real estate liad risen more than a thousand per cent. The best locations near the river sold at from three hun- dred to four hundred dollars per front foot. Lois in more retired situations, for private residences, commanded from twenty-five to one hundred dollars per foot. The rent of stores was from four hundred to fifteen hundred dollars, and of dwelling-houses from two hundred to six hundred dollars. Some of the large wholesale houses did a business amount- ing annually to from a quarter to a half million of dollars. Seven or tight steamboats were owned, either in whole or in part, b)' citizens of the town ; arrivals and departures oc- curred every day, and the river landing was a place of bustle and activity. Alton commanded a large proportion of the trade of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers, and of the interior country for the distance of a hundred miles. The National Road, the great highway between the Atlan- tic seaboard and the " Far West," already located as far as Vandalia, was expected to cross the Mississippi at Alton, according to the formal request to Congress of the State Legislature; while the liberal system of internal improve- ments devised by the State of Illinois contemplated making Alton an important railway terminus, and thus securing to her the commercial supremacy of the Upper Mississippi Valley. A traveler, who visited Alton in 1837, thus gives his impress'ons of the place : " The far-famed village of Alton, situated upon the Illinois shore, a few miles above the confluence of the Mi-ssissippi and ihe Missouri, soon rose before us in the distance. When its multiform declivities shall have been smoothed away by the hand of enterprise and covered with handsome edifices, it will, doubtless, present a fine appearance from the water ; as it now remains, its aspect is rugged enough. The penitentiary, a huge structure of stone, is rather too prominent a fea- ture in the scene. Indeed, it is the tirst object which strikes the atten- tion, and reminds one of a gray, old baronial ca.stle of feudal days more than of anything else. The churches, of which there are several, and the extensive warehouses along the shore, have an imposing aspect, and offer more agreeable associations As we drew near to Alton, the fireman of our steamer deemed proper, in testimonial of the dignity of our arrival, to let oil" a certain rusty old swivel, which chanced to be on board; and to have witnessed the marvelous fashion in which this manoeuvre was executed by our worthies, would have pardoned a smile on the visage of Heraclitus himself One lanky- limbed genius held a huge dipper of gunpowder ; another, .seizing upon the extremity of a hawser, and, severing a generous fragment, made use thereof for wadding; a third rammed home the charge with that fearful weapon wherewith he poked the furnace; while a fourth, honest wight, — all preparation being complete, — advanced with a shovel of glowing coals, which, poured upon the touch-hole, the old piece was briefly delivered of its charge, and the woods, and shores, and welkin rang again to the roar. If we made not our entrance into Alton with 'pomp and circumstance,' it was surely the fault of any one but our worthy fireman. " The site of Alton, at the confluence of three large and navigable streams (allusion is here made to the Missi)!sippi, Missouri and Illi- nois. — Ed.) ; its extensive back country of great fertility ; the vast bodies of heavy timber on every side ; its noble quarries of stone ; ita inexhaustible beds of bituminous coal, only one mile distant, and its commodious landing, .all seem to indicate the design of Nature that HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 383 here should arise a populous and wealthy town. Tlie place has heen laid off by it.< proprietors in liberal style; five squares have been re- served for public purposes, with a promenade and landing, and the coriiorate bounds extend two miles along the river, and half a mile into the territory. Yet Alton, with all its local and artificial advan- tages, is obnoxious to objections. Its situation, in one section abrupt and precipitous, while in another depressed and confined, and the ex. tensive alluvion lying between the two great rivers opposite, it is be- lieved, will always render it more or less unhe.ilthy ; and its unenvi- able proximity to St. Louis will never cease to retard its commercial adv.intages. Until within six years past, it could boast but few houses and little business. Its population now amounts to several thousands, and its ediliees for bu.-iness, private residence, or public convenience, are large and elegant structures. Its stone churches present an impos- ing aspect to the visitor. The streets are from forty to eighty feet in width, and extensive operations are in progress to render the place as uniform as its site will admit. A contract has been recently entered upon to construct a culvert over the Little Piasa Creek, which pas.ses through the centre of the town, upon which are to be extended streets. The expense is estimated at sixty thousand dollars. The creek issues from a celebrated fountain among the bluffs, called ' Cove Spring.' Alton is not a little celebrated for its liberal contribution to the moral improvements of the day. To mention but a solitary inst.ance : a gen- tleman of the place recently made a donation of ten thousand dollars for the endowment of a female seminary at Monticello, a village five miles to the north; iind measures are in progress for carrying it into immediate execution. Two railroads are shortly to be con- structed from Alton ; one to Springfiehl, seventy miles distant, and the other to Mount Carmel, on the Wabash. The stock of each has been mostly subscribed, and they cannot fail, when completed, to add much to the importance of the place. Alton is also a proposed terminus of two of the state railroads, and of the Cumberland (or National) road. '' In the evening, when the sultriness of the day was over, passing through the principal street of the town, I ascended that singular range of blufls which, commencing at that point, extend along the river, and to which, on a former occasion, I have briefly alluded. The ascent is arduous, but the glorious view from the summit richly repays the visitor for his toil. The withering atmosphere of the depressed, sun- burnt village at my feet was delightfully exchanged for the invigorat- ing breezes of the hills, as the fresh evening wind came wandering up from the waters. It was the sunset hour. The golden slanting beams of departing day were reflected from the undulating bosom of the river, as its bright waters, stretched away among the western forests, or from a .sea of molten, glittering silver. On the left, directly at your feet, reposes the village of Alton, overhung by hills, with the gloomy, castellated walls of Ahe penitentiary lifting up their dusky outline upon its skirts, presenting to the eye a perfect panorama as you look down upon the tortuous streets, the extensive warehouses of stone, and the range of steamers, alive with bustle, along the landing. Be- yond the village extends a deep forest, while a little to the south sweep off the waters of the river, bespangled with green islands, until, gratefully exp.-inding itself, a noble bend withdraws it from the view. It is at this point that the Mis.souri disgorges its turbid, heavy ma-ssof waters into the clear floods of the Upper Mississippi, hitherto uncheckered by a stain. At the basse of the bluffs upon which you stand, at an elevation of a hundred and fifty feet, rushes with violence along the crags the current of the stream ; while beyond, upon the opposite plain, is beheld the log hut of the emigrant, couched beneath the enormous sycamores and sending up its undulating thread of blue, curling smoke through the lofty branche.s. A lumber steam-jiiill is also here to be seen. Beyond these objects, the eye wanders over an interminable carpet of forest-tops, stretching away till they form a wavy line of dense foliage circling the western horizon. By the aid of a glass a range of hills, blue in the distance, is perceived, outlined against the sky ; they are the bluffs skirting the beautiful valley of the Missouri." — The Far West; or, A Tow Beyond the Mountains, by Ed- MCND T. Flago. LE.\DIXG BUSINESS MEN AXD E.\RLY CITIZENS OF ALTON. Among the enterprising business men to whom Alton^ mainly owed its early prosperity were Winthrop S. Gil. man William Manning, Edward Bliss, Mr. Fleshraan, Simeon Ryder, Benjamin Godfrey Caleb Stone, and A. G. Sloo. The firms of Godfrey, Oilman & Co., Stone, Man- ning & Co., Sloo & Co., and H. Miller & Co. were con- spicuous for business activity and for their efforts to extend the trade of Alton. Godfrey, Gilman & Co. transacted a large business and had a wide reputation through- out the western country. Both Mr. Godfrey and Mr. Gil- man were men of philanthropic liberality, who deserve especial mention in any history of Alton. The latter is still living in New York city. Mr. Godfrey died in 1862, but there remains to mark his memory the most enduring and honorable of all monuments — the Monticello Female Sem- inary, erected by his munificent liberality. Of the men who began business in Alton previous to 1840 only a few are now living. Dr. E. Marsh began business in 183'2, Arba Nelson in 1836, Isaac Scarritt in 1837, Rich- ard Flagg in 1837, Robert De Bow in the autumn of 1835, Thomas G. Starr in January, 1838, (establishing the first family grocery in Alton) William Hayden in May, 1831, and Michael W. Carroll in 1832: all the.se, after conduct- ing business for many years, are now dead. Amasa S. Barry, who became a citizen in 1837, and commenced busi- ness in 1842, is now a resident of Chicago. Of those still living and now residents of Alton are Samuel Wade, who began the lumber business in 1831; Perley B.Whipple, who commenced business in October, 1835 ; Horatio B. Bowman in January, 1839; Charles Phinney in 18 i8 ; J. W. Schweppe, who came to Alton in 1837, and began busi- ness in 1840 ; Henry Sweetser in 1838 ; George Quigley in 1832; and Elisha L. Dimmock, who began business in 1838. The following are the names of persons who became resi- dents of Alton previous to the close of the year 1840 : George B. Arnold, Paul Alt, Moses G. .Vtwood, John Atwood, John P. Ash, A. Alexander, Charlei B. Avio, Stephen Aldrich, Orlean M. Adams, J.acob C. Bruner, Joseph Brarahall, William Barrett, Simuel G- Bailey, John Bailhache, iSamuel I'ush, W. A. Beatv, J. R. Bullock, Edward Breath, Abraham Breath, Nathaniel N. Buckmaster, George T. Brown, Barney B Barker, Horatio B. Bowman, Henry W. Billings, Amasa S. Barry, David P. Berry, John W. Buffum, George Barry, Elijah P. Lovpjoy, J. Leonard, Henry Lea, Washington Libhy, William S. Lincoln, Richard Largent, John Lincoln, William Lamed, James H. Lea, Joshua G. Lamb, Stephen Lufkin, William K. Levis, Edward Levi.s, Usher F. Linder, : John A. Langdon, William P. Lamoihe, William McCorkle, Dr. Ebenezer Marsh, Solomon E. Moore, William Martin, Francis B Murdock, Richard McDouald, Jjimes M. Morgan, Washington T. Miller, Joshua C. Milnor, Horatio G. McClintock, Robert McFarland, Samuel L. Miller, 384 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Horace BulTuin, John Baltertim, James 1). Kurns, Michael W. Carroll, Benjamin F. Child, Aaron \V. Corey, Amos L. Corson, John W. Chickering, John Chaney, Effingham Cuck, Aaron Corey, Willian. L. Chappell, Benjamin Clitibrd, Thomas Cliflbrd, S. B. Catts, Shadrach R. Dolbee, Hezekiah Davis, Alfred Dow, S. H. Denlon, Robert De Bow, Eli-ha L. Dimmotk, Wm. A. Davidson, George T. M. Davis. Dr. Edward W. Dill, John Dill, John Dve, ■VVilliamF.D'Wolf, Dr. Benjamin F. Edwards, Rev. Charles A. Farley, Eli Foster, Isaac J. Foster, Richard Flagg, George W. Fox, Moses Forbes, Charles E. Frost, E. F. Fitield, Rev. Frederick W. Grf)ves, Z. Guild, Matthew Gillespie, John Green, Reuben Geary, James Gamble, William S. Gaskins, Benjamin Godfrey, Dr. Benjamin K. Hart, Judge Ilezekiah Hawley, Charles Hubert, George Heaton, J. T. Hulton, John A. Haldeman, William Harned, John Ilogan, John W. Hart, Junius Hall, Dr. Thomas M. Hope, Charles Hubert, George Holton, William A. Holton, Enos H. Harrison, Johnson (colored), Edward Keating, John King, George Kimball, George Kelley, John M. Krum, Samuel H. Kennei Jl ■ M ^ THE MOB A 7!^ OF TTACHING NOVEMBEP NIGHT OF J H L WAREHOUSE OF GODFREY GILMAN & CO M AT THE TIME LOVEJOY WAS MURDERED AND HIS PRESS DESTROYED o /^^ HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 389 The same Grand .Jury found indictments again?t John Solomon, Solomon Morgan, Levi Palmer, Horace Beall, Josiah Nutter, James Jennings, Jacob Smiih, David Butler, William Carr, James M. Rock, and Frederick Bruchy, for "unlawfully, and with force and violence," entering the storehouse of Benjamin Godfrey, and Winthrop S- Gilman, and " unlawfully, riotously, and with force and violence," breaking and destroying a printing-press. These men were also acquitted, and thus ended judicial investigation of all matters connected with the death of Lovejoy. SUBSEQUENT HISTORY. The commercial crash of 1837, the pro-slavery riot in which Lovejoy lost his life, and the collapse of the State railway system of which Alton was to have been the centre, all contributed to the downfall of the business prosperity of Alton, and for some years subsequent to 1837, trade was stagnant and property depreciated, while many of the most enterprising business firms met with financial ruin. About the year 1842, business revived again, and from that time on the city has had a healthy, steady, and constant growth. The first railroad to Alton was completed in September, 1852. The Chicago and Mississippi railroad (now a part of the Chicago and Alton) extending to Springfield, began running at that date. To the enterprise of Benjamin God- frey was principally due the construction of this road. The road terminated several blocks from the river. St. Louis passengers were transferred to boats till 1861, when the com- pany secured railroad connection with East St. Louis by means of the Terre Haute and Alton road, which was used for their trafiic till the completion of the present line of the Chicago & Alton Company to East St. Louis, in 1864. Alton in 1853 is described by a well known writer (Gov. John Reynolds) as a city of twelve churches, six public free schools, and several private schol.istic institutions, three newspapers of which two were daily, with nine lawyers, eight ministers, ten physicians, and three large and commo- dious hotels Two hundred dwelling-houses and twenty . large stores were erected that year. Two large flouring mills were in operation. Between forty and fifty steam engines and saw mil's were made each year, and a large quantity of valuable agricultural machinery'. Its lime product was celebrated throughout the Mississippi valley. During the year, exclusive of the St. Louis packets, eighteen hundred and eighteen steamboats arrived, many of these boats steamers from New Orleans. The average num- ber of pa-ssengers between Alton and St. Louis each day was two hundred and ten. The penitentiary contained two hundred and seventy-seven prisoners. The receipt of wheat, corn, and oats, ranged from two hundred and fifty thousand to three hundred thousand bushels of each staple. Twenty- seven thousand head of hogs, and three thousand head of cattle were slaughtered and packed. Alton was a military pest; during (he war of the rebel- lion, from the beginnii/g of the year 1862 to the close of the war. It was garrison^atjHtlereiit times by theSi^venty- seventh Ohio, the Tenth Kansas, the One Hundred and Sixty;fi)urth Illinois and the Thirty-seventh Iowa infantry ^..^ regiments, and the Fifteenth regiment of the United States regular army. A number of rebel prisoners, sometimes as many as sixteen hundred, were confined in the old peniten- tiary. About two hundred of them died and were buiied in a piece of ground near the village of North Alton. The small pox at one t'rae prevailed among the prisoners, and those attacked by this disease were taken to a hospital across the river. Those who died there were buried in the " tow head," as it is called, and since the construction of the gov- ernment dyke the current of the river has washed their graves away. lOWN AND CITY CHARTERS, — OFFICES. Alton was incorporated as a town on the 6th of February, 1833. Previous to this the town was governed by a Board of Trustees, though the date at which the first organization was efltcted cannot now be ascertained. The Legislature granted a charter as a city on the 21st of Julj', 1837. An election was held on the 11th of September, 1877, at which the proposition to organize as a city under the general law was carried. The debt of the city on the first day of April, 1882, was S87.525.82. The City Hall, which cost in the neighborhood of fifty thou.sand dollars, was completed in 1858. The city receives from the United States five hun- dred dollars a year rent for the space occupied by the Post Oflice. From 1832 to 1834 Jonathan T. Hudson was president of the Board of Trustees; 1834-5, J. S. Lane; 1835-6, J. T. Hudson ; 1836-7, lienjamin K. Hart. The first election under the city charter was held in 1837. From that time until the present the following gentlemen have filled the office of Mayor : 1837-8 John M. Krum. 1838-9 Charles Howard. 1839-40 John King. 1840-1 Stephen (.Jriggs. 1841-2 William Martin. 1842-3 Samuel G. Bailey. 1843-4 Steplien Pierson. 1S44-6 (two terms) . George T. M. Davis. . 1846-7 George T. Brown. 1847-8 Edward Keating. 1848-9 Robert Ferguson. 1849-51 (two terms) . Samuel Wade. 1851-2 Henry W. Billings. 1852-3 Thomas M. Hope. jJ853-4 Samuel Buckmaster. 1854-5 O. M. Adams. 1855-6 Samuel Wade. — 1856-7 Joseph Brown. 1857-8 Samuel Wade. -' 1858-9 Lyne S. Metcalf. 1859-60 William Post. 1860-62 (two terms) . Lewi.s Killenberger. —4802-3 Samuel A. Buckmaster. ~ 1863-6 (three terms) Edward HoIli.ster. 1866-7 William Post. ~ 1867-8 Silas W. Farber. 1868-72 (four terms) James T. Drummond. 1872-3 Lucas Pfcifii'nbergcr. 1873-4 Charles A. Caldwell- 390 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1874-5 Lucas Pfeiffenlierger. 1875-7 (two terms) . Alexander W. Hope. 1878-9 Lucas Pt'eitrenberger. 1879-81 Henry Brueggeraann. 1881-83 Lucas Pfeiftenberger. Olher elective offices of the city are filled iu 1882 as fol- lows : Clerk James Mc?»u!ly. Treasurer Gustavus A. Jotsting. Altorney James E. Dunnegan. Aldermen — First Ward, G. Frank Crowe, Edward A. Burke. Second " Andrew Clifford, Denis Noonan. Tliird '' .John Curdie, John Armstrong. Fourth " Seth S. Hobarl, David Kyan. Fifih " George II. Weigler, Noah C. Halheway. Sixth " Louis Bissinger, Victor Bruch. Seventh " Joseph Murphy, Cliarles A. Herb. CITY COURT OF ALTON. The Alton City Court was organized in 1859, and its first session was held on the 11th of April of that year. The name Was changed in 1874 from the Alton City Court to the City Court of Alton. It has jurisdiction of all chancery and common law causes, except murder. Henry W. Bil- lings was the first judge. He was succeeded in 1866 by Henry S. Baker, who remained on the bench till the Sep- tember term, 1881, when Alexander H. Gambrill, who now presides over the court, became judge. On the organization of the court, James William Davis was clerk, and acted as such till 1861, when John W. Ash assumed the duties of the office. Patrick Ward, the present incumbent, became clerk in 1875. EARLY HOTELS. The best known hotel of Alton was the old Alton House, which occupied the corner of Front and Alby streets. A substantial frame building was erected on this spot in 1832 by Jonathan T. Hudson, in which a hotel was opened under the name of the Alton House. Among the proprietors in early times were Andrew Miller, a Mr. Delaplain, Samuel Pitts, and Washington Libby. This building was destroyed by fire in 1837. Calvin Stone replaced it by a brick build- ing about fifty by twenty-five feet in dimensions, and three stories in height. About the year 1844 it came into the possessionof Major B.T.Burke, of Carlin villa, who remodelled and much enlarged it. Various parties leased it for short periods. It was kept for many years by Amos L. Corson, who was succeeded in the spring of 1866 by William Siem- ens, who was the proprietor till it was burned down on the eighth of January, 1870. The Franklin House was built by a Mr. Blakeley. It was afterward purchased by Benjamin Godfrey, who made additions to it. For a period of ten years George W. Fox was the proprietor. He was succeeded by Ephraim Bliss, who kept the hotel four years. Samuel Pitts was then in charge for six years preceding 1861. The next proprietors were Edward S. and Ilufus H. Lesure, and then it came into the possession of W. H. K. Pile. In later years it lost the dis- tinction it once enjoyed of being a popular and well-kept hotel, and was known under several differeui names. The building is still standing on the west side of State street, facing Third street. The Piasa House on the northeast corner of Fourth and Piasa streets was at one time a prominent and well patron- ized hotel. It was built by Judge Hezekiah Hawley pre- vious to the year 1835 Among its proprietors in its palmy days were Mrs. Wait, Mr. Reno, William Weutworth, Capt. William Post, Samuel Brooks, Jacob C. Bruuer, and John Hart and sons. In the vicinity was the old terminus of the railroad from Springfield, from which passengers and bag- gage were transferred to the boats, and its situation gave it a large patronage. After the railroad track was extended to the river and rail connection made with East St- Louis^ the hotel declined and was thereafter maintained in but an indifferent way. The old Union Hotel, at one time a well managed house, was where the first Presbyterian Church now stands, in the building erected by Beal Howard, in 1829. It was after- ward known as the Virginia House, and was destroyed by fire. CHURCHES. It is believed that the Rev. Thos. Lippincott preached the first sermon in Alton. In the winter of 1829-30, William Miller, Beal and Charles Howard, and a few of their neigh- bors, began holding religious services, first in the cooper shop of William Miller, and afterward in new buildings as they were being erected from time to time and were yet unoccupied. A Sabbath-school was begun in 1831. Dur- ing that year the Baptists and Presbyterians united in hold- ing services in what was then known as the Lyceum Hall. Rev. Hubbel Loomis was the Baptist minister, and Rev. Elisha Jenny, the Presbyterian. The Protestant Methodists had occasional services at which Charles Howard usually officiated. The first church edifice stood on the ttortheast corner of Third and Market streets, the site of the present Episcopal church, and was a stone building, about sixty by forty-five feet in size, erected through the liberality of Benjamin Godfrey, who granted the free use of it to both the religious societies, organized in Alton, the Baptist and Presbyterian. It was adorned by a neat cupola in which was a bell, the gift of Mrs. Gilman, mother of Benjamin I. Gilman. A Presbyterian church was formed on the ninth of June, 1821, by the Rev. Daniel Gould and the Rev. Edward Hollister, who were employed by the Connecticut Domestic Missionary Society. H. H. Snow and Enoch Long w^re elders. In 1827, removals having reduced the membership to two, the church was united with the church at Ed«ards- ville. The present Presbyterian church was organized June 19, 1831, by the Rev. Thomas Lippincott, with eight mem- bers. Enoch Long was chosen elder. From 1835 to 1845 the congregation met in the church on the corner of Third and Market streets, for one year in a frame building on the corner of Third and Alby streets, and in June, 1846, the present Presbyterian church on the corner of Second and Market streets was dedicated. The Rev. Thomas Gordon is now the pastor. The First Baptist Church was constituted on the 10th of HISTORY OF MADISONCOUNTY, ILLINOIS. 391 March, 1833, with a membership of nineteen persons. Rev. Alviu Bailey was the first pastor. A church was built in 1834, on the northeast corner of Third and Alby streets. In 1831) a lot was purchased for three thousand dollars at the northeast corner of Second and Easton streets, and a church erected at an additional cost of eighteen thousand dollars. This building burned down in March, 1860, and in 1861, the congregation occupied a new church at the corner of Fifth and Market streets. The present pastor is the Rev. L. A. Abbott. The First Methodist Episcopal church sprang from a Methodist class, formed in 1831, of which "William Miller was leader. In 1836 a frame church was purchased on the northeast corner of Third and Alby streets, and occupied five or six years. In 1814 a stone church on the northeast corner of Fourth and Belle streets was completed, and in 1855 enlarged. The church on the southeast corner of Si.vth and Market streets was finished in 1859. The con- gregation is now under the care of the Rev. S. P. Groves. St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church was organized in 1836 with si.K members. The Rev. Depuy was the first rector, and after his departure in the fall of 1837, Owen Lovejoy was lay reader for several months. In 1843 the building and ground on the corner of Third and Market streets, the site of the present church, was purchased, and about 1850 the old building was removed and the present church edifice erected at a cost of thirteen thousand dollars. A terrible tornado in the month of June, 1860, demolished the tower of the church, and injured the roof, altogether causing damages amounting to five thousand dollars. The present rector is the Rev. Thomas W- Haskins, who also has pastoral charge of Trinity chapel. St. Peter's and St. Paul's Roman Catholic church. A frame building was erected in Upper Alton in 1838 for the use of the Catholic congregation, of which Rev. George Hamilton was pastor. The Rev. Michael Carroll undertook the building of a new church on the corner of Third and Alby streets, which was completed in 1844. This structure was destroyed by fire in 1854, when the building of the pre- sent Cathedral was commenced. In 1857 Alton was raised to an Episcopal See, and the Rt. Rev. Henry D. Juncker was consecrated as first bishop ; his death occurred in 1868, and the Rev. Father P. J. Baiters, formerly pastor of St Peter's church, Belleville, was consecrated as bishop on the twenty- third of January, 1870- The Rev. Charles J. Zeiwisler is now the pastor. The German Evangelical Church was established in 1850. The church is situated on Henry street. The Rev. Carl Becker, pastor. The Unitarian church was organized in 1853. After the burning of the Catholic church on the corner of Third and Alby streets, in 1854, the ground was purchased by the Unitarians who, using the same walls, completed the present church building The Rev. J. Fisher is the pastor. The First Cumberland Presbyterian church was organized with SBveateen m^rabsrs in June, 1855. Their present church building, at the corner of Twelfth and Henry streets, was completed in 1856. The German Methodist church was organized about ]8.j8. The church is on Union street, and the congregation is under the care of the Rev. Louis Harmel. St. Mary's Catholic church, the congregation which is composed of German Catholics, was completed in 1859. The tornado of June, 1800, destroyed the church building, and also the school-house and priest's residence adjoining. A larger and finer building was then erected, and was dedi- cated in 1861. The Rev. Peter Peters is pastor. The Congregational church was organized in 1870. The church edifice is on the corner of Sixth and Henry streets. The Rev. E G. Chaddock is pastor. A large Union mission Sunday-school was organized in 185S, under the care of the Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation. For several months its meetings were held in the upper story of a building known as Hunter's tavern; after- wards in a vacant store owned by Major Charles AV". Hunter, on Second street near Henry ; and then in Weigler's Hall, at the corner of Second and Henry streets. A larg'i mission Sunday-school is now carried on in Hunterstown under the care of the Baptists and one on State street in charge of the Presbyterians. There are two churches maintained by the colored popula- tion. The Union Baptist church was organized about 1840, and occupies a church edifice at the corner of Seventh and George streets. The Rev J. T. Pierman is pastor. The African Methodist Episcopal is on Third street be- tween Henry and Riilge streets, and the pastor is the Rev. W. H. Beckley. ALTON AND ST. LOUIS PACKETS. The first steamer to begin making regular trips as a packet between Alton and St. Louis, not the " Tiskilwa, " in the year 1833. This boat then carried the mail. She was named after an Indian chief, and after leaving the Alton and St. Louis trade was sunk in 1836, in collision with the steamer Wisconsin. The "Alpha" in 1837 was the next boat to begin running as a regular packet. She was suc- ceeded by the Eagle, commanded by captains Wilson, Reed, and Clay, of St. Louis. In 1843 this boat was bought by captain William P. Laraothe, of Alton. In January, 1844, captain Lamothe, in connection with Messrs. Starnes & Springer of St. Louis, built the "Luella. " In 1845 Frink & Walker, of Chicago, proprietors of stage lines, placed in opposition to the " Luella, " the " Governor Briggs, " cap- tain James E. Starr, and the two boats soon came to be the property of one joint-.stock company. In 1848 Messrs. S. & P. Wise with captain Thomas G. Starr and other citizens of Alton, bought the " Tempest, " with which an opposition line was started. At that time the fare between Alton and St. Louis was one dollar. The year 1849 witnessed a warm competition between the two lines. The old company de- termined to sharply oppose the '' Tempest, " and captain George E. Hawley of the "Luella," cut down the fare to seventy-five cents, then to fifty, then to twenty-five, then to ten cents, and finally carried passengers without charge and freight for nearly nothing. The " Tempest" was prompt to meet these reductions, and lively times be 392 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tweeu the two rival lines were experienced during the sum- msr of 1849. Each boat carried a ban 1 of music and left at the sam3 hour. Eich was anxious to make better time than its rival, and rosin and turpentine were burnt freely with the wood for fuel. At that time there was no law re- Etricliug engineers as to the amouut of steam they should carry. After furnishing cheap transportation for several months, the owners of the boats came to the conclusion that a better way could be devised for the management of their business, and consolidated their interests. The " Luella" ran in the trade during the spring of 1850, and the "Tem- pest, " the balance of the year, and the whole of the year 1851. Frink & Walter sold their interest in the company to captain Joseph Brown, who in partnership with S. & P. Wise and Gaty, McClune & Co., of St. Louis, bui't the " Altona, " which began running in December, 1851, and was then the fastest boat on the western waters. She made the run from St. Louis to Alton in one hour and thirty- seven minutes, which for many years afterward stood as the fastest time ever made on the river from St. Louis to Alton. In September, 1852, the Chicago & Mississippi railroad company, on the completion of their road from Springfield to Alton, purchased the Altona, Capt. D C Adams, and the " Cornelia," Capt, Lamothe, for the accommodation of their freight and passenger traffic between Alton and St. Louis. Two trips were made each day. The Cornelia sank in December, 1853, and the Altona the first day of January 1854. The "St. Paul," Capt. Lamothe, then did all the business till March, 1854, when the " Keindeer," Capt. Adams, and the " Winchester," Capt. John A Bruner, were added to the line. These boats did not prove profitable in- vestments, and were sold, J. J. & W. Mitchell, W. P. Lamothe, Joseph Brown, and Gaty, McCune & Co. becom- 'ing the purchasers and agreeing to do the business of the railroad between the two points. There were some changes of ownership in 1857, when we find the company with three boats, the Reindeer, Baltimore and York State. The Rein- deer sank November 10th, 1857; September 10th, 1859, the York State sank ; in October of the same year the " David Tatum " was purchased, and the following Decem- ber witnessed the end of Baltimore ; she sank like her com- panion boats. Several different boats were then chartered until the company built the femous ' City of Alton," Capt. George E Hawley, which went into service in the fall of 1860. About the time of the breaking out of the war the railroad company began sending their passer gers through by rail over the Alton k Terre Haute railroad (the present In- dianapolis & St- Louis) when the " City of Alton " was with- drawn, and ran South from St. Louis in command of Capt. AVilliam Barnes. In June, 1862, the company bought the " B. M. Runyan," Capt. James S. Bellas, which ran between Alton and St. Louis till 1864, when she also went South and sank on the 2lst of July, proving a total loss. The '• David Tatum" was then brought into requisition. Mean- while, the Chicago & Alton railroad company (the old Chicago and Mississippi) had extended their road to St. Louis, and all the railroad freight was taken from the boat toward the close of the year 1864. The Tatum continued to run during January and February, 1865, but not prov- ing profitable, she was withdrawn, and the Alton trade abandoned to the through line packets. After a month or more Capt. John A. Bruner, in connec- tion with Tunstall & Holmes and others of St. Louis, began running the " May A. Bruner. " In the summer of 1865 the " South Wester " was purchased, and ran between Alton and St. Louis, till the winter of 1868-9, when the company built the Belle of Alton which was in service between Alton and St. Louis, in the fall of 1871, when she was sent South, and was burned at New Orleans, on the 28th of March, 1872. The Schuyler, in the fall of 1871, supplied the place of the Belle of Alton, and ran till the next year. In 1872, the Illinois River Packet Company placed the Illinois in the Alton and St. Louis trade, and she ran about two years and a half. In March, 1874, Capt. John A. Bruner, pur- chased the De Smet and started her in opposition to the Illinois, which was now taken off. In the summer of 1874 the Eagle Packet company began business, and shortly afterward Capt. Bruner and this company con.solidated their interests, and have since at different times ran the " De Smet," the " Bald Eagle," and the " Spread Eagle," be- tween St. Louis, Alton, and Grafton. THE ALTON CEMETERY. The grounds now embraced in the Alton Cemetery, in the eastern part of the city, were formerly the property of Major C'harles W. Hunter, and had been used for burial purposes from a date early in the history of Alton. In March, 1845, the mayor and common council of the city of Alton, and their successors in office, were incorporated as the " Alton Cemetery," and the grounds remained under their control till 1875, when they were transferred to an asso- ciation, incorporated under the name and title of the " 2Vlton Cemetery," of which all the lot owners were made members. The present officers of the association are : Charles A. Caldwell, president, and H. J. Crane, secretary and treasurer. This association agreed to assume the old indebtedness and enlarge the grounds, which now comprise about twenty acres. Here is the grave of Elijah P. Love- joy. In laying out an avenue the removal of his remains was made necessary, and they now lie about one hundred feet from the place of their original interment. A lot has been set apart for a monument which the Lovejoy Monument Association design erecting to his memory, and to this part of the cemetery it is intended to remove his ashes when the monument shall have been built. The cemetery contains the graves of one hundred and sixty-four United States soldiers who died at Alton during the war of the Rebellion. They belonged to the Seventy-seventh Ohio, the Tenth Kansas and the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Illinois, and the Thirty-seventh Iowa infantry regiments, and the Fifteenth regiment United States regulars. ****** There are two Catholic cemeteries, with commodious and handsomely arranged grounds, in which numerous inter- ments have been made. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 393 NEWSFAPEliS. Four newspapers are published iu Alton. The Alton Tdegraph is a daily and weekly paper, W. T. Norton, editor and proprietor. Perriu & Smith are editors and proprietors of the Alton Dcni'icrat, published daily and weekly. The Alton Banner is a weekly German paper. The Madison County Sentinel is issued weekly by J. J. Mc- Inerney. PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Alton Library Association was organized in 1852. Among the members were : P- W. Randle, Norton Johnson, W. T. Miller, A. S. Barry, Harvey Baruett, Isaac Scarrilt, W. H. Turner, A. G. Walford, L. S. Metcalf and S. W. Robbins. A small collection of books was made, which, in February, 1866, was sold at public auction and purchased by a number of the ladies of Alton for the sum of one hundred and sixty-five dollars. In 1869, the constitution of the association was amended, and twelve ladies elected to manage the library. In April, 1871, the room in the City Hall, now used for the post-ofBce, was obtained for the library and fitted up at the expense of the association. In February, 1876, the library was moved into the rooms now occupied, and the following April a free reading-room was established. There are about five thousand volumes in the library. The library rooms are open on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons of each week. Books may be taken out on the payment of an annual subscription fee of two dollars and a half The present officers are : Mrs. R. G Perley, jjresident ; Mrs. J. P. Laird, vice-president; Mrs. C. L. Wright, corresponding secretary ; Mrs. M. F. Topping, recording secretary. Miss Florence Dolbee is the librarian, and Mrs. C. M. Crandellat the head of the book committee. SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. Masonic. — The history of Free Masonry iu Alton began, with the organization of the Franklin Lodge, No. 25, in 1837, uuder the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. There was at that time no Grand Lodge in the State of Illi- nois. The charter members in Franklin Lodge were Jacob C. Bruner, Samuel C. Price, Jabez Carter, J. A. Langdou, John A. Maxey, H. S. Summers, J. D. Combs, A. Hart, Charles Howard, and R. McFarland ; Charles Howard was the first Master. This was the first Masonic Lodge insti- tuted in Madison county. It remained under the Missouri Grand Lodge till 1844, when the Grand Lodge of Illinois was formed. It was removed to Upper Alton in 1843, where it has since maintained a useful and active existence. Piasa Lodge, No. 27, was granted a charter in October, 1844. Among those interested in its establishment were John Bailhache, Samuel G. Bailey, and David Allen. The last named was the first Master. Alton Lodge, No. 284, was chartered in October, 1SL8, and is not now in operation. In October, 1859, Erwin Lodge, No. 315, was instituted, composed largely of Masons of Germaa nationality. Howard Chapter, No. 8, Royal Arch Masons, was char- tered in Upper Alton, where it met till November, 1851, when it was removed to Alton. The name was changed to Alton chapter in 1852 Alton Council, No. 3, of Royal and Select jSIasters was established in Feb. 18-53, by charter from the Grand Council of Kentucky. Belvidere Comman- dery, No. 2, Knights Templar, was instituted in September, 1853. The charter members were Josiah Hunt, B. J. Kirk- ham, J. W. Schweppe, and William H. Tarner. Constau- tine Conclave, No. 10. Red Cross Knights of Rome and Constantine meet at Alton. Independent Order of Odd Fellows. — Alton was the early home of Odd-Fellowship in Illinois. The first Lodge of Odd Fellows in the State was organized here about the year 1837, and was known as Western Star Lodge, No. 1. Past Grand Sire — Wildey, the founder of this order in the United Stales, visited Alton, and to his labors is largely due the in- troduction of Odd Fellowship in Illinois. Shortly afterward Alton Lodge, No. 2, was formed. The third Lodge iu the State was Clark Lodge, No. 3, in Greenville, iu Bond county. The Grand Lodge of Illinois held its fir.st ses-sion at Alton in August, 1838. Among those connected with the early history of the order in Alton, were John R. Woods, James E. Starr, John R. Batterton, John P. Ash, and John M. Krum. The Lodge of Odd Fellows in Alton, chiefly on ac- count of extravagant expenditures became embarrassed, and ceased work in October, 1839, and with them the Grand Lodge of the State. The Grand Lodge was reorganized in March, 1842. Western Star Lodge, No. 1, was never re- vived, but Alton Lodge, No. 2, resumed work, and is now in active existence. The Encampment was instituted at Alton in July, 183S. It soon afterward suspended operations, and was re-opened in June, 1850. The bodies of Odd Fellows now in existence in Alton, are Alton Lodge, No. 2, Germa- nia Lodge, No. 299, and Wildey Encampment, No. 1. The Knights of Pythias are represented by Fleur de LyS Lodge, No. 68 ; the Kuiglits of Honor by Alton Lodge, No. 920. There are also lodges of the Independent Order of Mutual Aid and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Other organizations are Alton Turn Verein, the German Benevolent Society, Lodge of Hope and Alton lodges of the Order of Harugari, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and the Catholic Total Abstinence Society. STREET CAR AND OMNIBUS LINES. A street car line, making hourly trips between Alton and Upper Alton, has been in operation since December, 1868. A line of omnibuses furnishes communication between Alton and North Alton. The city is supplied with gas, the works for the manufacture of which were erected in 1855. ALTON WATER WORKS COMPANY. This company was incorporated in 1875, with a capital stockof S15l»,000, and completed the present water works after the city had expended fifty thousand dollars in their construction. These works were placed in operation on the twenty-ninth of January, 1876. and have a capacity of four million gallons per day. Two powerful engines at the river pump the water to a reservoir, situated on one of the highest points in the city, at an elevation of two hundred and seventy-five feet above the Mississippi, whence the water is distributed. The completion of these works gave Alton 304 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. superior means of estinguishiug fires. So strong is the pressure in the lower part of the city that ten streams of water have been thrown at one time to the height of one luindred and fifty feet. The use of steam fire engines has thus been made unueeessary. All the stock of this com- j>any is now owned by Henry Watson. TUE FIRE DEPAKTMENT Consists of a chief engineer, assistant, and a force of men strong enough to man the two hose carriages owned by the city. Tiiero are two engine-houses, one on Market street and the other on Second street. THE rniyciPAL maxufactures of altox. Alton has many advantages as a manufacturing pointy among which are excellent railroad and river facilities, cheap fuel, and a healthy and advantageous locatiou in the midst of a rich and productive region of country. THE ILLIXOIS GLASS COMPASY Is the largest and most important manufacturing establish- ment. Glass works were started on Belle sti'eet, of which in Se[>tember, 1873, the Illinois Glass Company, William Eliot Smith, president, became the owner. In 1876 the works were removed to their present location, between the line of the Chicago and AJton railroad aud the river, in the lower part of the city. At that date there was only one building. The second glass-house was erected in 1877, the tiiird in 1830, and the fourth in 18S2. Four hundred and tlf[y hands have been employed, and on the completion of the prujected improvements this force will be increased to six hundred. The production has largely consisted of green aud amber bottles, which have been sold extensively through- out the We^t. A larger amount of this class of goods has been made here than at any other factory in the United States. It is also proposed to begin the manufacture of flint-glassware. The sand used is brought from Pike county, forty miles up the Mississippi, opposite Cap-au-Gris, Mis- souri. The value of the production in 1881 was $450,000, which will be increased to §650,000. William Eliot Smith is the owner. The works occupy three acres of ground. HAPGOOD PLOW COSIPA>T. This company has a large brick building on Front aud Henry streets, and employ about one hundred hands. Riding plows, walking plows, aud cultivators are manu- factured. The implements made have a just reputation for excellence, are sold everywhere throughout the West, and the manufacturers have been uuable to supply the constantly increasing demand. Charles H. Hapgood previously car- ried on the business in Chicago and St. Louis, where, iu each city, his works were destroyed by fire. The factory was established at Alton in 1874. The company was incor- porated iu December, 1879, with a capital stock of $150,000. The president is Charles H. Hapgood ; the vice-president, J. P. Black ; the trea urer, F. H. Ferguson ; and the secre- tary, Thomas Bates. THE ALTOS AGRICCLTCRAL WORKS Manufacture threshing machines, horse powers, and dif- ferent agricultural implements. With the machine shop a foundry is connected. When in active operation seventy- five or eighty men are employed. The works are now owned by Andrew T. Hawley. They were first started by N. Han- sou about 1840. ALTOX CITY JIILLS. The Alton city mills came into the possession of E. O. Stanard & Co., in March, 1881. Since then important im- provements have been made, and the capacity enlarged, so that now the mill is the largest and most complete in Madi- son county. There are thirty-two sets of rolls, and flour is manufactured by the latest improved process. Among the well-known brands are "Stanard's Eoyal Patent," " Alton City ]\IilI Roller Process," " Burbridge's Best," " Stanard's Best" and "Eagle Steam." The best grades of flour are shipped directly to the Ei^st, and shipments are also made to the European markets. The power is furnished by a new Corliss engine. The mill building is one hundred by one hundred aud twenty feet in dimensions, with a warehouse fifty by one hundred feet. The shipping facilities are ex- cellent, cars of the Chicago aud Alton, and Indianapolis and St. Louis railroads, running alongside the mill. The capacity is seven hundred barrels every twentj'-four hours. Thirty-one hands are employed. NATIOXAL ROLLER MILLS. — D. R. SPARKS & CO. These mills have a capacity of five hundred barrels a day. The new roller process was adopted in February, 1S82, aud superior grades of flour are now manufactured. The leading brands are the " Armadale " and " Roller C A. Process " There are twenty three setts of rolls. Five run of burrs were retained, aud are sometimes used. A Harriss Corliss engine of two hundred horse-power runs the machinery. Eighteen men are employed. The building is constructed of brick and stone, is ninety-five by one hundred feet in di- mensions, and four stories in height with a basement. EMPIRE MILLS. The E u^)ire Mills, of which Matthew Wilkinson is pro- prietor, are ruu on the custom plan, aud have a capacity of fifty barrels of wheat fljur per day. There are two run of burrs, one used for grinding wheat, and the other corn. Four men are employed. MADISON MtLI^. The Madison Mills, in Bozzatown, are owned by Oliver B. Ground. The mills have three run of burrs, two used for wheat, and one for corn, and can manufiicture fifty or si.xty barrels of flour every twenty-four hours, aud about one hundred barrels of mjal. H.ilf-a-doz9u miu are employed. The best grades of flour find a maiket in Alton. On Tuesdays and Saturdays custom work is done, and the rest of the week is devoted to merchant milling. DRUMMOXD TOBACCO COMPANY. This factory was established in 1862, by Myers it Pierce- HISTORY 01 MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 395 The firm afterward became Myers & Drummond, nud ia 1873, Dausman & Drummond. In 1876, the company was incorporated as the Dausman & Drummond Tobacco Com- pany with a capital stock of SHiU.OilO. lu 1879 the name was changed to the Drummond Tobacco Company. The officers are John N. Drummond, president, Charles H. Ean- dle, secretary and treasurer and J. T. Drummond, general superintendent. These gentlemen, with John E. Hayuer, are the owners of the stock. The works occupy a three story brick building, eighty by one hundred feet, on the corner of Front and Alton streets, with a warehouse, fort3'-one by eighty feet, on the corner of Second and Alton streets- Three hundred and fifty hands are employed, and about three million pounds of plug tobacco, valued at $1,500,000, are manufactured annually. The same company also carry on a factory in St. Louis, started in 1880, which has a capacity of five million pounds each year. ALTON BOX MANUFACTUKING COMPANY. The box factory, now operated by this company on the Mississippi above Alton, was established by John E. llay- ner iu 187"2, and in 1877 the present company was formed, and iu 1880 was incorporated with a capital stock of thirty thousand dollars. The president is G. R. Allen, the secre- tary, J. M. Ryrie, and the treasurer, John E. Hayner. The company also own a saw mill, which partly furnishes the lumber used in the manufacture of boxes. Forty-five hands are employed in the saw mill, and three million five hundred thousand feet of sycamore and cottonwood lumber are sawn annually. In the box factory from eighty to one hundred hands are kept at work. Boxes of sycamore for plug to- bacco, are the principal goods manufactured, though tobacco butts, cracker boxes and barrel headings are also turned out. This is one of the largest box factories in the West, and the boxes are shipped to towns along the Mississippi river from Burlington to New Orleans. MACHINE SHOP — GEORGE D. HAYDEN. The machine shop of George D. Hayden was established in 1872; it now employs thirteen men, and has the re])utation of turning out work of a superior character. Repairs to stationary and portable steam engines are made a specialty, and attention is paid to plumbing, gas, steam and water fit- ting. The shop is on Second street, between Piasa and State. THE ANTON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP, Is carried on by the firm of Brunner & Duncan. Orders are executed for engines, flouring mills, saw mills, pumps, pulleys, shafting, water pipes, brass work and fittings of all kinds. A specialty is made of coal-mining machinery. ALTON PLANING MILL, Was established by the firm of Martin & Boals, in 18G4, and moved to the present location on Second street, between Spring and Walnut, in 1872. The building now occupied was erected by the Indianapolis and St. Louis railroad as a car factory. M. H. Boals is the prarallel line through the township The old Madison County railway crosses the southern boundary, extending east and west, and forms a junction with the former roads in section 34. THE EARLY HISTORY of Wood River dates back nearly eighty years, and has recorded in its career more stirring events tlian the most of its sister townships. It was here within the forks of Wood River that occurred the brutal Indian mas.«acre in the summer of 1814, a full account of which may be had in the pioneer chapter. This sad affair, which threw the little band of pioneers and their families into such a consterna- tion, transpired on Sunday, the 10th day of July, 1814. The place where this ghastly tragedy was enacted, is situated in the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of secticn 4, on the premises now owned by John Brown and sister. In- stead of a place covered with timber, as it was at the time of the massacre, it is now part of a cultivated field.* WOOD RIVER FORT, 1812-1814. Susan Paddock, of Fort Russell, kindly furnished us with the above correct sketch of the old Wood River Fort as it was when the families of this vicinity fled to it on the night of the massacre. It was situated on a little rise of ground near the barn now owned by William Gill, who resides in section 10. Another sensational sSmt of Wood River occurred in 1823, at the house of Abel Moore. It was the killing of William Wright by Eliphalet Green. Some dispute arose, when Green grasped a gun and deliberately shot his oppo- nent. Green was tried, convicted, and executed. Judge Reynolds, afterward governor of the state, was then on the bench. The time fixed for execution was just four weeks from the day of conviction. This was the first case tried for a capital oflfense in Madison county, and the second in the state. The first white man to settle in the wilds of Wood River was Thomas Rattan. He came from Ohio in 1804, and lo- cated in section 13. This was prairie land, and composed of black soil, richer in appearance than the surrounding timber land. The prairie afterwards received his name, which it bears to this time. He reared a large family, and * For a full account of this lr.ngp(ir fee page 81. 416 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. soon after the war of 1812 removed to Greeu county, where all traces of the family are lost. Martin Preuitt and family came about the same time, and settled on Sand Ridge, the history of whom will be found in the chapter on Fort Rus- sell. Toliver Wright, a native of Virginia, settled near the mouth of Wood River in the Spring of 1806. He bought out the improvement right of Shadrach Williams. At his coming he had a wife and several children. Mrs. Wright's maiden name was Elizabeth Ray. The family lived in this place two years, when they moved to section 10, and occu- j)ied the place now owned by William Gill- In the war of 1812, Mr. AVright joined the Rangers. He was detailed as captain of a company of spies, and in the fall of 1812, while on the way to Peoria, he was shot by an Indian and mor- tally wounded. He was taken back to the Wood River Fort, where he died in about six weeks after being wounded. Mrs. J P. Owens, of Fort Russell, is a grand-daughter of Mr. Wright. Abel Moore, one of the pioneers, was a native of North Carolina, and migrated to Kentucky in 1804, and thence to Illinois in 1808. He located in section 4, now Wood River township. His family then consisted of his wife Mary, nee Bates, and two children, William and Joel, then respec- tively ten and eight years of age, both of whom were among the victims of the Wood River massacre. Eight other chil- dren were born at the old home&tead in section 4, as follows : John, Nancy, Sarah, Joshua, Rachel, Lydia, Anna and Franklin. Only three of this large family are now living ; Nancy, who resides in California ; Lydia, widow of Madison Williams, who lives near Bethalto, in section 2 ; and Major Franklin Moore, of Upper Alton. The latter has a history as eventful as his father before him, having served with dis- tinction through the entire late war. Indeed, he has the h mor of holding the first commission in the state under the '' Three-hundred-thousand call." Such were the services he rendered his country on the battle-field, that he received the soubriquet of "Fighting Frank." Abel Moore died in 1846, at the age of 63 years. Mrs. Moore died the day before her husband, aged 61. They lie side by side on the very spot of ground where their pioneer cabin was constructed. In the sale of the old homestead the children reserved this sa- cred spot as a lasting tribute to their departed parents. The old farm is now owned and occupied by George Cartwright. George and William Moore, brothers of Abel, came with the latter and their father as far as Ford's Ferry, on the Ohio river, where they separated from Abel, and went to Boon's Lick, Missouri, where the father died. The following year the brothers and their families came to Illinois, and settled, near their brother Abel in section 10. William's family consisted of his wife and two sons, John and George, both of whom were also victims at the Wood River massacre. Two children were afterward born to the family. They all moved to Pike county, Illinois, in 1830. George had no children when he came, but two were born while residing here, Margaret and Walter. The family migrated to Inde- pendence, Mo., in 1837. Mr. William Gill now occupies and owns his farm. Both William and George were gun- makers, and followed their trac'e in the township. The lat- ter also manufactured powder. Reason Reagan and family came about the same time as the Moores, but we have been unable to glean any satisfactory history of their nativity, etc. A lone apple-tree now stands near where their cabin was located, at the time of thedeath of Mrs. Reagan and her children at the hands of the In- dians. Another pioneer was William Montgomery, who was born in Kentucky, and came from his native state a single man in 1S09, and first stopped in St. Louis, having but one dollar in his possession. In the year 1814, he came over to Illinois, and located on Indian Creek in Fort Russell. The same year he married Sarah Rattan. He remained here about three years, when he moved into Wood River, and settled in section 13. He reared a large family, consisting of twelve children, Nelson, John, William N., Nancy R , Thomas J., James, Paris, Matilda, Amanda F., Hampton, Ann, and Eliza Jane. Mr. Montgomery became a very prominent and prosperous farmer, owning at his death, — which occurred in the ftill of 1849,-2,000 acres of land. Mrs. Montgomery died two years before her husband. Three sons and four daughters are yet living, Eliza, wife of T. W. L. Belk, Wood River ; Nelson and Nancy R., wife of Thomas Barnsback, Edwardsville ; John, who resides in Macoupin county ; Ann, in Colorado ; Amanda, wife of Z. B. Job, of Alton, and Hampton, who occupies the old homestead in section 13. These children are all well-to-do in the world, and are among the most respected citizens in their various localities. Two brothers, George and Thomas Davidson, came from South Carolina about 1306, and settled in section 36. Both were men of families. The former established a tannery on his premises in 1810, where be conducted the business until 1818, when he sold out to a man by the name of Smith, and moved to Bond county. Thomas improved a good farm, and was a prominent man in his neighborhood, having served many years in the capacity of justice of the peace. He died long ago, and none of the family are now residents of the county. Prominent among the early settlers was the Collet family, consisting of Mrs. Anna Collet and her three sons, John W., Robert, and Mark. They came from Philadelphia to Illinois in 1817, and located at the now extinct town of Milton, situated on Wood River. Mark lived but two years, and Robert moved to Galena in 1819. Mrs. Collet, the mother, subsequently moved to St. Louis, where she died about 1830. John W. was married to Miss Mary Ground in 1829. From this union two chil- dren were born, Daniel W., and John W., jr. Mr. Collet lived until 1846, and his wife died about two years ago, 1880. Daniel and John, jr., both reside at Upper Alton, and are much respected citizens. It is said that from the seed of some poppies sown by Mrs. Anna Collet in 1817, grew plants which are yet alive, and which bloom every year. Another early settler of Milton was Thomas Lippincott, who was born at Salem, New Jersey, in 1791. At the age of twenty-five, he married Patty Swift. In the fall of 1817, he started westward, and landed in St. Louis in Feb., 1818. In the fall of the same year he brought a small stock of --%!*■ Aj: ,i' ,-^ ^V^'^ ^f?,v R€Side:nce: or CH. FLICK Sec. 1 1. T. 5. R.9. IWoooRiv^R Vp ) Mad HOTELL. AND SuS/WESS B LO CK . o r C. H. T LI C H BETHALTO, III. HISTORY OF MADISOl^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 417 goods to Jlilton, and commenced business under the firm Dame of Lippincott & Co. Rut'us Eastou, of St. Louis, fur- nished the capital, and Mr. Lippincott conducted the busi- ness. He landed his goods from a keel-boat at what is now the city of Alton. Mr. L., in his uieraoirs, says that Alton was then in a state of nature. His first dwelling at Milton was a log-cabin 10x18 feet. His business affairs at ]\Iilton were not a success. The town was a very sickly place on account of the stagnant water caused by the mill-dam thrown across the river at this point. The following year his wife died. In 1820 he married again, but only a few months had passed when he was called upon to bury his second wife. He soon afterward moved to Ed*ardsville, and from that time fortune seemed to turn in his favor. He again married and reared a large family. General Charles E. Lippincott, of Chandlerville, III., is a son of the third wife- His life was a busy and useful one. He died at Pana, 111., in 1869. James Huston was a native of Virginia, and moved to Kentucky when a boy. He mirried Judith Fountain in 1808, and in 1819 came to Illinois and settled in Upper Alton. The family at that lime consisted of his wife and five children, only one of whom is now living in Madison county, — Sarah Wood, wife of Joshua Wood. There are several others who settled here in an early day, but at this late date it is impossible to get even a synopsis of their his- tory, they having moved away or died, leaving none of their descendants in the county. Among this class are John Vickery, who settled in section twelve, on the farm now owned by Z. B. Job and Wm. Ogle, who settled in the same sections on the property now owned by Robert Kennedy. Then there were the Starkeys, the Odells, the Seeleys, the Wallaces and others. Those of a later date and now living are the Lowes of Upper Alton, Capt. J. A. Miller, and Esq. W. L. Pigott, of Bethalto ; E. B. Handle, of the same place, an old resident of the county ; William R. Wright, of Upper Alton; Col. Andrew F. Rodgers, in section three, this town- ship ; Amos Squires, in section twenty-two ; William Gill, section ten ; Susan W. Cooper, of Upper Alton ; Sarah Ann Badley, section nine ; I). W. Stockel, in section ten, and others too numerous to mention. Only three militia claims are laid in this township. Those claims were founded on an act of congress granting one hun- dred acres of land to each militiaman enrolled and doing duty in Illinois on the first day of August, 1790, within the district of Kaskaskia. They are as follo\ys : " Claim 1855, Baptiste Lionais, Nicholas Jarrot, 400 acres ; affirmed, situ- ated opposite the mouth of the Missouri." This claim was laid in section 32, and has long since been in the Mississippi river. The landing of the Madison County Coal Company was formerly situated on this claim. " Claim 2603, George Biggs, John Whiteside, 100 acres, located on Wood river, including a mill." This claim was laid in section 17, and was situated in the old town of Milton. " Claim 756, John Sullivan, Larkin Rutherford and — Harrison, 440 arpents." This land lay mostly in sections 8 and 9, and embraced the farm of the Hon. Cyrus Edwards, and was the only claim in the vicinitv- The following were the first land entries : August 23d, 1814, Abel Moore, in section 4, entered several acres. On the same day, George Moore entered the northwest quarter of section ten, 160 acres. August 24th, 1824, Charles Kitchens entered the southeast and the southwest quarters of section three, 320 acres. John Walker entered on the 26th of August, 1814, the southeast fraction of section 19. Absalom Woolum entered 328 acres in section 3, September 13. 1814. The trials, vicissitudes and hardships of these early s?ttler3 sound more like a romance than actual facts to one of this age, where every opportunity of education, culture and pleasure is within his grasp. The facilities of rapid transit from state to state, and city to city, has almost wiped out the idea of distance, and all the wants of man are virtually landed at his very door. What a transition is this from the " good old days of our fathers ! " What would the young men of to-day think of loading a flatboat at the mouth of Wood river with the simple produce of those early times, and then being obliged to pilot the rude craft down the Mis- sissippi to the New Orleans market? And yet the trip down the river was not the hardest part of going to market, — for, after the produce was sold, they were obliged to trudge back on foot to their homes. This may seem over-drawn, but several of the old men now living assured us that they have often heard their fathers give an account of their trips to market at New Orleans as above described. It also seems a little strange that guns and gospel were so closely mingled in those days. The inside of their places of wor- ship bristled with their rifles. Instead of a gilt-edged Bible or hymn-book in their hand, it was their gun they carried ; for at any time they might need it to protect themselves and families from the prowling Indians. Indeed, they were obliged to be so much on the alert for this savage foe, that serious results sometimes accrued therefrom. One case of this kind happened to the Starkey family. They were then living in the timber close to Rattan's Ravine. In the year 1814, Jesse Starkey and his sou had gone out to hunt their horses, which had wandered off some distance from the set- tler's cabin. As was the custom then, each one bore his rifle. It was a foggy morning, and they had separated to make a more thorough search. It must be remembered that many of the early settlers wore buckskins, and in many other particulars their dress resembled somewhat that of the Indian's. The father and son, in their tramping through the timber, had unconsciously strayed near each other. A thicket of brush separated them, so that nothing but vague glimpses of either could be obtained. Both came to the same conclusion, that is, that the party gliding behind the brush was an Indian. Then commenced a hurried prepara- tion to see who should get the first shot. The father was the first to shoot; but what must his feelings have been when he found that he had shot his own son ? Fortunately, the wound was not mortal, and the boy finally recovered. Little forts or block houses were situated at every few miles, for the convenience of resort in case of any hostile demonstra- tions on the part of the savages. Beside the Wood River fort, there was another in this tuwiK-hip, situated in .section 418 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 21, and known as Benen's fort. It was constructed in 1811, and was located on the land now owned by A. E. Benbowe, about a mile south of the old site of Milton. Jacob Preuitt, son of Solomon Preuitt, was born in this fort. This birth and that of Isaac Cox, who was born in 1812, were among the first in the township. Tradition says the latter was the first born in Wood River. But there are grave doubts as to the correctness of this traditional statement. It must be remembered tliat Thomas Rattan had then been residing here eight years, and a few others nearly as long. The first place of interment is situated in section 24, and is known as " Vaughan's Graveyard." It is now overgrown with timber, but it is said once to have been a cleared spot of ground. In this cemetery the bodies of the killed at the Wood River massacre are buried. On a small sandstone we deciphered the following inscription : " William and Joel Moore were k lied by the Indians, July 10th, 1814." The letters are nearly obliterated by age. There are also the names of Ogle, members of the family of William Ogle. John Rattan's name also appears. It is engraven on a sand- stone — a broken piece — and reads: "Deceased Oct. 11th, 1821, age 74." Several are so old and dim, they cannot be deciphered. The oldest, which is legible, bears the following name and date: "James Odell,died September 11th, 1809." Thus it is evident that this place of interment antedates 1809. Upon this same ground was built the first church- house, about the year of the above inscription. The house was a, small log-cabin, and was constructed by the Baptist denomination. A frame building was afterward built in its place, but it too passed away more than a quarter of a cen- tury ago. Rev. William Jones was the early pastor. And, apropos of this, we will relate a little anecdote, as handed us by one of the old settlers. It is traditional, however, and we give it for what it is worth. It is said the circumstance occurred in the days of the first house, the log-cabin, ser- vices then being conducted at the house of " Uncle"' Johnny Rattan. The Rev. David Badgley, from St. Clair county, was over in this part of the moral vineyard aiding the Rev. Mr. Jones in conducting a series of meetings. At this par- ticular time the Rev. Badgley was engaged in making the exhortation, and Brother Jones was sitting by his side. Now in those times, not even the minister of the gospel, made any great pretensions to dressing in esthetic style. Suspend- ers were unknown among them, and the pantaloons were supported at the hips by what was called a draw-string. Brother Badgley had become very much warmed up with his subject,— so much so, in fact, that he was not aware that the draw-string of his pants had by some unexplainable cause become untied. In short, he was the only one present that was ignorant of the fact. From all appearances there was soon likely to be a very embarrassing catastrophe. Bro. Jones took in the situation, and nudged his brother, and at the same time gave an ominous glance and nod at Badgley's unmentionables. But the Rev. B. was equal to the occa- sion. He stopped, quietly secured a knot in the string, and proceeded with his discourse as though nothing had hap- pened. Among other early preachers, besides those already mcn- tioneil, were Bennett Maxey, Nathaniel Pinckard, Thomas Raudle, and Samuel Thompson, all of the Methodist per- suasion. The first school-house was situated in section 4, on the land now owned by George Cartwright. The house was an unpretentious one, being constructed simply cf rough logs. The first teacher was an old man by the name of Peter Flinn. He taught here some little time, and went to pirta unknown. The early Ju.sticas of the Peace were Nathaniel Pinckard, Wm. G. Pinckard, John Allen, and Benjamin Spencer. These were all magistrates as early as 1818. The first Sunday school was organized by Mrs. Thos. Lippincott, at the old town of Milton, in 1819. This was not only the first Sunday-school in Wood River, or Madison county, but it was the first in the state of Illinois. The first to practice medicine here was Dr. Tiffin, who resided about three miles down the river at a point then called St. Mary's. He afterward moved to Edwardsville, an 1 thence to St. Louis. Erastus Brown was also an early physician. The first post- office was established at Milton in a very early day, but at just what date none now living are able to tell. Richard Cartledge opened a coal mine in section 1, as early as 1839. No shaft was sunk, as coal could be procured by drifting into the bluff. The first blooded stock was iutro- trodueed in 1840, by a man of the name i f Van Wagner. It consisted of hogs and horned cattle, imported from Europe. It may not be generally known, but in an early day (1818, or before) there was quite an extensive packing house, established at the mouth of W^ood river, in section 28. D. E. Tiffin was the proprietor. Both beef and pork were packed here for the foreign markets. The first town or village of any sort in Wood River was the town of Milton- The exact date of its inception is now difficult to determine, but from the best proofs at hand it must have commenced its existence about 1808-9. It was situated three miles from the mouth of Wood river, in section 17. The town was undoubtedly started by John Wallace and Walter J. Seeley, as they owned in 1818 nearly all of the improvements in the village. They were transacting business under the firm name of Wallace & Seeley, and owned three mills, two saw-mills and a grist mill. A dam was thrown across the river here which gave a head for water jx)wer. The saw mills were located at op- posite sides of the river, and at either end of the dam. The town also contained a distillery, one store, a blacksmith shop and a tavern. The latter was kept by Joel Bacon, and the store was conducted by Thomas Lippincott, under the firm name of Lippincott & Co. This was in 1818, and Milton was then flourishing and enjoying its palmiest days. The miasma rising from the back water caused by the dam, pro- duced a great deal of sickness at certain seasons of the year, and Milton's sun began to set. A few years, and it was nearly depopulated. Another decade and the buildings were torn down and removed to other parts ; only one rickety building was left standing, tenantless and silent. Other ex- tinct towns, were Chippewa, Gibralter, and we also find the name St. Mary's; but they were all in the Mississippi or the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico, nearly half a century HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 419 ago. Chippewa was situated directly opposite the mouth of the Mi-^fouri, and could boast of one of the first steam mills in Madison county. Gibraltar was about a mile above the mouth of Wood river and located on the west bank. St. Mary's must have been a place or town in name only. Abraham Preuitt, now residing at Dorsey's station, says that Dr. Tiffin settled near the mouth of Wood river and built a two story house, and the place was called St. Mary's. Lip- pincott in his Memoirs also speak of Dr. Tiffin residing at the aforementioned place. VILLAGE OF BETHALTO. Thii is a thriving little town, situated on the Intlianapolis and St. Louis railway, and contain* a population of about 800. It was laid out by Joel U. Starkey, and the plat was recorded June 23d, 1854. The original site was located in the southeast quarter of section 1, but other additions have been made, and now about one-fifth of the population reside over the line in Fort Russell township. The town was first called Bethel, but as soon as the post-office was established it became necessary to change the name, as there was already another town of the same name in the state. A compromise was, therefore, effected between the two names, Bethel and Alton, Beth-alto. The first building was a board shanty, sixteen feet square, erected by Thomas Smith, in 1854, and situated on what is now the widow Mape's place on Oak street. Mr. Smith utilized it for a dwelling, and also kept a small stock of groceries. The next business house was built by Wm. Tyron in the spring of 1855. It was a frame building 30x40, and situated on Prairie street and Railroad avenue. Mr. Tyron put in a general stock of goods, and continued business for some years. The house is yet standing, and is occupied by Charles Bruening for a general store. The next industry in the town was a brick yard, established by John A. Miller, in the spring of 1856, and located north of the railroad on the corner of Mill and Oak streets. The same spring the firm of Hamilton & Pig- gett erected a steam circular saw mill on the north side of the railroad on Oak street, between Second and Third. At that time the present site of Bethalto was covered with heavy timber, as was also a portion of the surrounding country. In consequence of this the mill flourished and did a thriving business, but in a few years timber became scarce, and it was moved to Hamel township. William Tyron kept the first post office. This was in 1855. The first hotel was built and kept by Anthony B. Carroll in 1858. It was situ- ated on Prairie street and Railroad avenue, and north of the railroad. The first blacksmiths were the firm of Richard & Samuels. The trade was established in 1856, and located on Second and Oak streets north of the railroad. The first church was erected by the Catholics, and dedicated in the summer of 1862. It is a frame structure in a very good state of preservation, and was considered in the day of its construction a pretty fair building. The first Justice of the Peace elected in the corporation was John A. Miller, Incorporation. — Bethalto was incorporated as a town under a special act in force, April 19th, 1869. The first officers elected were, Jacob Huppert, President of the board ; trustees, John P. Richards. J. P. Gumming, J. C. Bau- gert, and John Jackson. April 23d, 1873, an election was held to determine whether the town should incorporate as a village under the general law, with the following result: For village organization 14 votes ; against village organization 9 votes. The majority being in favor of organization, an election was called May 5th, following, for the purpose of choosing village officers. The following named persons were elected : Stephen A. Albro, President of Board ; Trustees, Conrad H. Flick, John V. Richards, Adam Elspermann, Charles Gundall and John Stolze ; Clerk, William E. Lehr ; Police ^Ligistrate, John A. Miller. Frank M.- Handle was appointed village constable, F. W. Stolze, Supt. of streets, and Lewis Kleim, treas. The present board recently elected are : John Wiedraer, E. W. Reid, John Dippold, F. Weaver, B. Picker, and John Falkenberg; Clerk, W. H. Battles. The town is in good condition financially, and the walks and other improvements indicate a tasty and prosperous people. One of the largest and most extensive flouring mills in Madison county is located here. President Merchant Mills and Elevator. — John W. Kauff- man, proprietor. This industry was established in 1859, by James Neimrick, it then having three run of stone with a capacity of manufacturing 100 barrels of flour daily. In 1877, it was torn down, and rebuilt by the firm of Meyer & Guye with a daily capacity of 500 barrels. In 1879, both of the firm died, and the following year it was leased by E. O. Stanard & Co., for twelve months. January, 1881, it was purchased by J. W. Kauff"man who increased its capacity to 600 barrels. In March 1882, a complete change was made in the grinding apparatus, substituting the Gray roller system in the place of burrs. This is a new departure, and consid- ered far in advance of the old system. Its former capacity remains unchanged. The mill proper is 54x80 on the ground, and five stories in height, and has a stone basement. The elevator, which is run in connection with the mill, is 40x80 feet base, and 85 feet high. It has the capacity of elevating 15,000 bushels of grain daily, and of storing 70,- 000 bushels of wheat. A ware-house is detached 65x150 feet, and will store 10,000 barrels of flour. A cooper shop is conducted in connection with the works, and is a part of the property. The whole concern covers one and a half acres of ground. It is located on the I. & St. L. Railway. The switch from the mill to the road is owned and operated by the proprietor of the mill. The capital invested is estimated at $125,000. Fifty men are employed by this enterprise. Flour is shipped mainly to the Eastern states and Europe. This vast machinery is driven by a 250 horse-power engine. No elevator or mill in the county has better facilities for re- ceiving and discharging grain, feed, flour, etc , than this. The elevator is hopper-bottom, or in regular elevator style, and so conveniently arranged for changing grain from bin to bin that it is not necessary to use the scoop in any part of the building. The mill contains a bran bin capable of holding ten car loads of bran, and a smaller one that holds four car loads of shorts. A corn elevator also belongs to the concern. It is a frame building 16x30 feet on the ground and 30 feet high, and stores 5,000 bushels of corn. The 420 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS whole business U under the general superiutendence of John AViedmer. Karnack Mill — This mill was established by the firm of Ewan & Flick in the fall of 1872, and passed wholly into tiie hands of the senior member of the firm, J. T. Ewan, in the fall of 1879. It is located on Prairie street, a little north of the railroad. It is a frame building, two stories high with a basement, and 28x60 feet on the ground. The engine rojm is one story, and 16x40 feet. The mill has four run of burrs, and has the capacity of grinding 100 barrels of flour daily, and gives employment to twelve men. The annual manufactured product is estimated at $165,000. The capital invested is $14,000. The flouring is done by an improved process, and the flour sells well in the Eastern markets; it is however, mainly confined to custom work. The machinery is driven by a forty-horse power engine. A cooper shop is run in connection with the mill. It is a de- tached building 20x30 feet in size. Coal J/wte-j.^There are two small coal mines near the suburbs of the town. One is owned by David Brunton, the other by Michael Mayer. Bethalto is situated over a fine vein of coal which is from five to eight feet in thickness, and it is obtained by going only about 70 feet below the surface. The only wonder is, that this industry receives so little at- tention. The shafts in operation do but very little work, and are not prepared to do anything like an extensive business. Sheridan Home. — Conrad H. Flick proprietor. This house has been recently built, and is a fine brick building three stories high, and with basement under ground. It is nearly square, being 45x56 feet base. It contains sixteen guest-rooms and two store rooms ; also a commodious office and sample room. A dumb-waiter is arranged to communi- cate from the kitchen to the basement, and the house con- tains all other conveniences peculiar to a good hotel. It is located on the corner of Third and Oak streets. The property is valued at $6,000, and it is indeed an ornament to the town. There are three other hotels in the village. The Union Hotel, H. J. Hensech, proprietor ; Bethalto House, John Cooper, proprietor; and the Cooper's Ex- change, with John Husum as proprietor. Public Hall. — This is situated in the second story of the Neisler building. It is 40x60 feet in size, and is conveniently arranged with stage and stage fixtures, and is seated with chairs capable of accommodating 500 persons. The stage is 16 feet in depth, and has a breadth of thirty feet. It is ar- ranged with foot-lights and has three sets of scenery. A Cornet Band was organized about two years ago, and it is now in good working order. There are thirteen mem- bers in the band, and they are all well uniformed. It contaius eleven horns, two tenor drums and one bass drum. The in- struments and uniforms cost about $500. School House. — This is a fine brick building situated in the eastern part of the village, and was constructed in 1867, at a coat, including furniture, of $7,000. It is two stories high, with a cupola and bell, and contains four rooms. Four teachers are employed, and it is sutably graded for the best advancement of the pupils. There are three church houses of fair dimensions, the Cumberland Presbyterian, United Baptist and the Catholic. For a full history of these socie- ties see Ecclesiastical chapter. We here append a directory of the present business of the village not already mentioned. General Stores. — W. H. Battles, Lewis Klein and Charles Bruening. Gh'oceries, Queensware, etc. — John Hickerson. Druggists and Pharmacists. — Neisler & Randall. Boot and Shoe Store. — Charles C. Bangert. Hardware, Tinware and Agricultural Implemeuts.— 'Neis- ler & Randall. Hardware, Groceries and Agricultural Implements. — John A. Miller. Furniture and Undertaking. — George Dorr. Tin Ware. — Isaac Scammill. Watch Maker and Jeweler. — August Smitz. Harness and Saddlery. — John Gray. Physicians. — N. B. Richards, E. W. Reed, Joseph Cobb. Black-smithing. — John Bahr, Gottleib Klem. Wagon Maker. — Charles Buck. Painters. — Charles Andrews, Angil. Barbers. — August Smitz, John Russell. Restaurants. — JSIary McAliney, Hannah Gill. Livery Stable. — Joseph Starkey. Justices.— iohn A. Miller, C. H. Flick. Notaries, Insurance and Real Estate Agents. — W. L. Pig- gett, John A. Miller. Carpenter and Builder. — C. H. Flick. Shoe Makers — Charles Langhart, Charles Bangert and Charles Gundall. Meat Market. — John Falkenburg. Mdliners and Dress Makers. — Laura Smith, Mrs. Cobb. Carpet Weaver. — Caroline Starkey. Postmaster. — W. H. Battles. There are also five saloons in the town at this writing. SOCIETIES.* Bethalto Lodge, No. 406, A. F. and A. M., was chartered October 5th, 1846, with 18 charter members. Whole number enrolled, 74. Present membership, 24. The Lodge meets before the full moon in each month. It has a good lodge room, and is in good condition financially. United Ancient Order of Druids, Teutonia Grove, No. 25. This society was organized September 9th, 1871, and chartered September 27th, 1874, with a membership of six. There have been 46 members enrolled ; five have died since organization. There are now 25 members enrolled and in good standing. The society has paid out for sick benefits. $929. Each of the five deceased members have received $500. The Lodge meets the first and third Fridays in each month, in the village Hall. It is in excellent condition financially. EMERALD Was laid out by George W. Carr and George A. Smith, and the plat recorded July 14th, 1858. It is situated on * \Vc are iiidobtoil lo tlie secretaries of the societies for lliese data. HISTORY OF MAD ISO y COUNTY, ILIINOIS. 421 the east line of a tract of land containing 180 acres, being a part of the east half of section 16. This town is better known as Alton Junction, and is named Wanda station by the railroad corporation. The I. and St. L. railroad trans- fer and feed all the stock passing over the line at this point. The road has six long switches here, and one switch engine is kept busy in making transfers, etc. The Tile works of M. H. Bowles & Co., are located a little above the station, and are one of the most extensive industries of the kind in this part of the state. Not less than $100,000 have been invested in establishing the works, and they give employment to about twenty men. All sizes of tile are manufactured from two inches in diameter to the largest sewer pipe. There are two general stores at the station. John Koch and George Smith are the proprietors. The former is also post- 54 master. There is also a blacksmith shop conducted by David D. Tomlinson, besides fiye saloons and two boarding- houses. The town contains about 250 inhabitants, and has an air of considerable push and business. Salu was laid out and the plat placed on record August 1st, 1825, by Bennett Maxey, Erastus Brown and Zachariah Allen. It is situated in the southwest quarter of section 6, on the first high, rolling ground from the river. It long since merged into Upper Alton, as the latter place grew in importance, and Salu is now known only in history and on paper According to the census of 1880, Wood River town- ship contained a population of 4,885, composed of various nationalities. S. B. Gillham has the honor of representing the township in the county board since townshij) organiza- tion in 1876. 422 HISTORY OF MAD I SOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. '^^^C^ Bartlett Hinds Mills, was born in Montrose, Penn- sylvania, on the 22d day of October, 1815. He married Delia Halsey, at Fairfield, N. Y., August 26th, 1841. The family for a time lived on the paternal farm, west of Mont- rose. He afterward taught school and made some prepara- tion for the practice of the law, and was editor of the Inde- pendent EepublicMi. This with a short engagement in mer- cantile pursuits occupied him until January, 1852. There were born of the marriage in and near Montrose, Charles Francis Mills, born 29th day of May, 1843, Martha Lewis Mills, born 18th day of March, 1845, and Henry Edmund Mills, born 24th day of June, 1850. In January 1852, the family removed to Candor, Tioga county. New York, where was born Ruth Catharine Mills, on the 3d day of May, 1853. lu 1854, the family moved west, and settled at Up per Alton, Illinois, where Mr. Mills continued to reside until his death, July 30th, 1877 Oncoming West Mr. Mills became interested in the cause of Temperance, principally laboring with the Independent Order of Good Templars- He was for many years Grand Worthy Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, having an office in St. Louis, and for several terms was Right Worthy Grand Secretary of the National Lodge of the United States and Canadas. For eleven years he published the official organ of the order known as " The Good Templar." At the breaking out of the war, although past the age for active engagement and not being physically strong enough for service, he took an active interest in encouraging those who could go, and in sustaining them by aid and comfort at home. He was one of the charter members of the first Union League started in Upper Alton, which was among the first organized in the State. He organized the first Ladies' Union League, com- posed their ritual and caused the organization to spread over the entire State, thus starting a movement which caused large amounts of money, clothing and sanitary stores to be col- lected for the use of the army in the field besides educating public sentiment to the necessity of a vigorous prosecution of the war. He had imbibed strong anti-slavery sentiments from his father, Josiah Mills, who had been an old revolu- tionary veteran. He was for some time Financial Agent and a Trusteee of Shurtleff College. In 1868 he became engaged in the in- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 423 surance business in St. Louis, still making his residence in Upper Alton, and in 1870, became editor of the Western Insurance Review, which he continued to edit until his death, furnishing copy to the last number which appeared before his death. He became a member of the ]5aptist church while yet a young man, and was a regular attendant upon the services of the Upper Alton Baptist Church, and a frequent attendant upon the meetings of the Edwardsville Baptist Association. The immediate ancestors of Bartlett H. Mills, were Josiah Mills, who married Elizabeth Sturdevant in January 1812. Josiah Mills, was born in Roxbury, Mass., on the 7th of October, 1763. In his 14th year, then a homeless orphan, he enlisted in the Revolutionary army as a drummer. After a year's service he received a musket which he carried until the close of the war. Was at the battles of White Plains, with Gates at Stillwater and Saratoga, with Washington at Trenton, Princeton, the march through the Jerseys, Valley Forge and Yorktown. Emigrated soon after the war to Joy, Oxford county, Maine. In 1804, he received a commission (now in possession of the family at Upper Alton) as Captain of Massachusetts volunteers, ]\Iaine, being then a province of Massachusetts. Removed to Susquehanna county, Pennsyl- vania, and with Bartlett Hinds (^after whom B. H. INIills was named) made the first settlement near Montrose in 1817. He died on his farm west of INIontrose, March 23d, 1833. He was a pensioner of the Revolution. See Blackman's history of Susquehanna county. Pa., pp. 313 and 314. Elizabeth Sturdevant Mills, mother of B. H. Mills, was born in Danbury, Conn., in 1771, and died in Montrose, Pa., in September, 1841. Her father was Elder Samuel Sturdevant of the extensive Sturdevant family of Braintrim, Skinners Eddy and Lacyville, Pa. Their ancestry is traced back to an original Sturdevant, who was stolen from London Bridge when a boy, and brought to America and sold for his passage. From his looks and clothing he was supposed to be of noble birth, and in his last years was advertised for in England, but owing to his age and the rigors of the voy- age he did not go to answer the call. Delia (Halsey) Mills, was born in Fairfield, Herkimer county. New York, on the 5th day of February, 1817, and was married to B. H. Mills, August 2t!th, 1841. After the death of her husband in 1877, she removed to St Louis, and lived with her son, Henry E. Mills, until the summer of 1881, when she removed to Greenville, Illinois, to live with her daughter, Ruth C. Mills, Principal of Almira College. Her immediate ancestors were Sylvanus Halsey and Cordelia ( Sayre) Halsey. The Halseys were descended from Thom- as Halsey who died in 1078, at Southampton, Jjong Island, and was one of the twenty original settlers of Lynn, Massa- chusetts. In lt)37, he was a resident of Lynn, and in 1638, he owned there 100 acres of land. His first wife was mur- dered by the Indians (See Howell's History of Southampton and Prime's History of Long Island, pp. 94 and 96.) The arms of the family in Hertfordshire, England, are Argent, three boars' head,s, couped in pale sable. He came from England in the Speedwell in 163.5. The original Thomas Halsey. d. 1678, had a son, Thomas Halsey. The ■■^ Thomas had a son Josiah b. 1656-7 Feb. 15 ; David b. Apr. 12, 1663, d. 1732 and others. '" Josiah d. 1739 had ason.Deacju Jo- siah, b. 169-, d. 1744. Deacon Josiah had a son, Israel. Israel, had a son, Willnian, b. 1750, d. 1786. Willman Halsey had a sou Barzillai, a son Sylvanus, father of Delia (Halsey) Mills. Her mother, Cordelia (Sayre) Halsey, was a descendant of Thomas Sayre, the first of that name in Southampton, and one of the eight original " Undertakers,' so called because they bought a vessel and came in it to Southampton. The great age to which these early settlers lived in the salt at- mosphere and on the abundant oyster and fish diet which they enjoyed would have proved profoundly discouraging to modern " Undertakers." He came to Southampton in 1640, and was originally from Bedfordshire, England. (See Ho- well's History of Southampton, p. 18.) Inl63S, heandhisson Job had each 60 acres of land allotted to them in Lynn, Mass. The arms of this family in Bedfordshire, England, are Gules, a chevron ermine between three sea gulls. Ar- gent, Thomas Sayre d. 1670, b. about 1594, had a son ^Francis, and others. Francis had a son, Ichabod, '" Icha- bod had a son ' Joshua, who was in the Revolutionary war with General Clinton. ' Joshua had ason - Joshua, who had a son Paul, b. Oct. 22, 1766, who married Mary Halsey, Dec. 9, 1784, and had among other children Cordelia Sayre, who married Sylvanus Halsey, and was the mother of Delia (Halsey) Mills. The Sayre or Sears family is traced to one Richard Sears who lived in 1507. The name is evidently French, and Captain Thomas Sayre, of Southampton, claims that there is evidence that the family were originally Hu- guenots, and settled in England after some hostile edict in France. It is recorded that one Stephen Sayre left South- ampton and returned to England and became High Sheriff of London, which office he held at the tine of the Revolu- tionary war, when his American sympathies could not be re- pressed, and for their expression he was compelled to retire to France. There he found relatives of their orignal stock with whom he remained until his subsequent return to America. Charles Francis Mills, was born in Montrose, Pa., on the 29th day of May, 1843. Attended Shurtleff College up to the Sophomore year. Enlisted as private in the 124th Regt. Illinois Vols. Was appointed Hospital Steward, U. S. A. by Western Depot at Camp Butler, Illinois, and at Nashville, Tenn. After the war, was engaged in the insu- rance business in St. Louis, and subsequently removed to Springfield, Illinois, where he is engaged as Assistant Sec- retary of the Board of Agriculture of the State of Illinois, and also in the breeding of Clyde.sdale Horses, Jersey Cattle, Cotswold Sheej) and Berkshire Swine, in all of which enter- prises he has achieved success. He was married on the 26th day of May, 1869, to Mary E. Bennett, and has three chil- dren, Minnie, William and Carrie. Martha Lewis Mills, was born on the farm in Bridgewater township, near Montrose, on the 18th day of ISIarch, 1845. Was married to Captain Joseph H. Weeks, now Postmaster at Up|)er Alton, and died in Upper Alton, in 1869, leaving one son, Charles Henry Weeks, born in Upper Alton, on the 3d day of August, 1866. Henry Edmund Mills, was born 424 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. in Montrose, Pa , on the 24th day of June, 1850. Was graduated at Shurtleff College, in June, 1869, taught school one year and entered the St. Louis Law School, and was graduated in May, 1872, having passed the best exami- nation in his class of 21 and being awarded the prize of $50 for the best Thesis. Received the degree of A. M. from Shurtleff in June, 1874. Was married to Emma Brown Sprague, at St. Louis, Mo. August 30th, 1877, and has two children, Edith Cynthia, born, in St. Louis, July 2d, 1878, and Constance, born at St. Louis, July 15th, 1880. In 1878 he published a work entitled a Treatise on the Law of Eminent Domain which was favorably received by the press and the profession. In July 1881 , purchased his present residence in Upper Alton, and continues the practice of the law in St. Louis. Is a member of the Board of Trustees of Shurtleff College, and author of several valuable treatises on law. Ruth Catharine Mills, was born in Candor, Tioga county,New York, on the 3d day of May, 1853. Was gradu- ated from Shurtleff College in June 1876, receiving the de- gree of A. B. Was instructor in Latin, French and Litera ture at Mount Carroll Seminary, Mt. Carroll, Illinois, for five years. In 1851, took charge as principal of Almira College, Greenville, Illinois, in which capacity she is at present engaged. Emma Brown (Sprague) Mills, was born on the 19th day of September, 1855, in Lowell, Washington county, Ohio, and was married on the 30th day of August, 1877, to Henry E. Mills at St. Louis, Missouri. She has devoted herself to instrumental music in which she has become proficient both on the piano and pipe organ, having been for five years or- ganist at Dr. Brooks' Church, in St. Louis. CAPT. JOHN A. MILLER, Is a native of Baltimore, Maryland, where he was born June 26th, 1826. He is the eldest child of Samuel L. and Susan (Kirby) Miller. His mother died in Baltimore when he was a child of five years of age. His father subsequently married Miss Mary, daughter of Henry and Frances Belk, a native of Leeds, England. He was born in Baltimore in 1802, emigrated to Alton in 1834, where he was among the first to engage in the manufacture of lime. This employ- ment was succeeded by that of brick-maker, which, in turn, gave way to farming, near Omph- Ghent, in which avocation he passed the evening of a well-spent life Mr. Miller waa one of the pioneers of Odd Fellow.ship in the West, and aided in establishing the first lodge of that order west of the Alleghanies. He was a charter member of the Lodge at Alton, and was regarded with the highest esteem and vener- ation by his brethren of the Mystic Tie wherever he was known. He was an earnest, active member of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church, in which he became an elder. His life was characterized by devotion to principle, earnest- ness of purpose and exemplary action. He died in August, 1880. The subject of this sketch was married on the 17th of March, 1853, to Miss Mary, daughter of Daniel and Jane Hagerman, natives of Pennsylvania, who moved to Lawrence- burg, Indiana, where Mrs. Miller was born November 10th, 1822. np JOHN WIEDMIR, SUPERlNTENDEt^T. THESE MILLS ARE HUN E NT/ RELY i PRESIDENT MILLS, BETHALTO, ILLS. PROPERTY OF JOHN W. KAUFFMAN. THE ROLLER SYSTEM. J PARK MILLS ST. LOUIS, MO. PROPERTY OF JOHN W. KAUFFMAN. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNJY, ILLINOIS 425 ^Wvnr ^ , ^^a^-j/y^^^ ^p/^-^-^^ There is, perhaps, nothing of which a man may be more excusably proud than of gallant service in the cause of hi.s country, nor is there any service which lives longer in the grateful memory of a people. Major Moore was among those who early offered their services to their country in it^^ hour of peril, and who never deserted their posts until a con- quered peace had crowned their efforts. He was born in Madison county, Illinois, September 2d, 1826. His parent::! were North Carolinians, from whence they first emigrated to Kentucky, thence to Wood River, this county, in 1808. They had in all eight children, of whom Franklin was the youngest. Franklin's first attendance at school was to that taught by Sophia Loomis (Edwards) in his father's cabin in 1832. He subsequently attended Shurtleff College. He was married to Telitha Elliott, near Bunker Hill, Macoupin county, June 4th, 1846. By her he had six children, one of whom died during the war of the Rebellion, and the others are much scattered. One, a doctor, in Dallas, Texas ; 55 another, a farmer, same State ; a daughter, now the wife of Shields Preuitt, lives in Fort Worth, Texas ; another, the wife of H. E. Rupert, Dallas, Texas; the youngest is a student in Shurtleff College. His wife died May 31st, 1872. Major Moore has principally followed farming, although for six or seven years he operated a saw-mill on Wood River. Major Moore's military record is quite fully set forth in the chapter devoted to such history. His patriotic ardor found full vent on many a hard contested field of battle, where he was ever eager to discharge his full duty and more. Wounded by a rifle ball, August 27, 1862, we find him again a leader of the fight on September 3d following. As a com- mander, he was kind to his men, and ever aggressive towards the enemy. He accepted fearful odds, but his military genius ever triumphed. In political faith an earnest Re- publican, the Major has contributed no little to his party's success iu various campaigns. Companionable himself he enjoys the society of hosts of friends. HELVETIA. I HIS township is situated in the southeast corner of the county Its name is of recent date, to wit: 1876. In prior years it was known as Highland precinct, 1S40 to 1876; from 1812 to 1817 it was part of Sugar creek precinct, and after the organization of Bond county, became a part of old Silver creek — a townshi]) extending from the St. Clair county line in the south to the southern boundary line of Canada in the north. The township is designated as No. 3 north, 5 west of the 3d principal meridian line. The boun. dary lines, south and east, were established in April, and the northern one in May, 1808, by Messenger and Moore, United States surveyors. Section lines, etc., were run some five years later. The field notes of Madison county state that the area of this township contains 22.998Tff'o acres. The first arrival of white settlers may have been in 1804, when Joseph Duncan with a few others made the extreme southeast corner of the county their home. At, or very nearly the same time the Higgins and the Hobbs arrived also. Mii6. H. Hobbs stated she knew the settlement to have existed in 1808; the principal part of the settlement, how- ever, was locat-d in Clinton county, oiily one-half mile south of the Madison county line. The buffalo had barely disappeared from the state ; the elk was still seen at times, deer were roaming in herds, large carnivorous animals— the panther, the lynx and bear infested the timber, and when at night stillness was expected to reign, numberless wolves raised their hideous voices. The Carolina parrot yet roosted in the trees, and each season of spring rains brought countless numbers of water-fowl to lakes and ponds into which the prairies were then converted. The surfaces of these prairies were covered with high grass ; the hill tops bore occasional groves of trees, and the general proportion of timber and prairie was subject to alternate changes,, caused by prairie fires, which at times swept down into the immediate vicinity of the creek banks. The Howards settled in the southwest corner of township 4-5, in the year 1809, but it is not certain whether they then knew anything of the existence of the Duncan settlements, six miles south of them. No progress seems to have been made in settling this part of the county prior to 1815. The war of 1812, between the United States and England, had broken out. England succeeded in making allies of the Indians on the frontier, who had before been friendly and inoffensive. They had roamed through this and other 426 counties as peaceful hunters, and were often seen at the log cabin of the pioneer. Now they were foes. Reports of murders and depredations reached the isolated settlers, and they realized the terrible fact that the greatest calamity of border life, Indian warfare, was upon them. It became a period of anxious care. Liable to surprise by a merciless foe at any hour of the day or night, the few scattered families huddled together in block-houses enclosed by a row of strong posts, called forts, whenever alarm was given. In the intervals they tilled their small fields, with the rifle on the shoulder. Cox's fort,near Old A vision, aflTorded shelter to thesettlers on Sugar creek. It was never attacked, but a Mrs. Jesse Bailes, daughter of one Bradsby, then living on Silver creek, was shot in 1814, by Indians on Sugar creek. She fled across the prairie to her father's house, where she died of her wounds. Mrs Bailes was a relative of Joseph Duncan, probably a sister-in-law. Peace was concluded in 1814, and thelllinois settlements were generally restored to tranquillity. Joseph Duncan, James Good, Gilbert Watson and Jonathan L. Harris made their settlements on Sugar creek now per- manent. Duncan had been a ranger during the war, and on his return located on the east side of the creek, on section 15. Duncan was a man of fair education for that day. He was appointed justice of the peace in 181V, and when the office became elective in 1827, his neighbors chose him and continued to elect him their justice term after term. Duncan filled that office for nearly forty years. In later years he had a post office established at the place and was for many years postmaster. He died in 1852 His wife was a Cuddy, aunt of George Cuddy, so well and favorably known by the present generation of the township. The Duncans raised a family of five children, four daughters and a son, Hugh M., who became the father of a large family, and was looked upon as one of the best and most respected men •of his time. He lost his life by accident; being thrown out of his carriage while on his way to attend a funeral. The daughters, none of whom survive, were : Linnie, who married .John S. Carrigan ; Sarah. Alexander Forrester; Rebecca, B. C. Plant, and Mary, married James A. Berry. Mr. Duncan and many others lived for years on their lands as squatters. The records of the county contain the following in reference to entering land : William Morrison * entered section 36 on the 10th of April, 1815, and thus became the first bona fide landowner * William Morrison bouglit those land.s on speculation ; he had been a resident of Kindolph county since 1790; was a merchant and contractor, and died in 1837. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 427 of the township. Gilbert Watson, the friend and companion of Joseph Duncan, entered the southeast quarter of section 22, directly south of where Duncan had squatted, and James Gingles (Jingles), the southeast quarter of section 26, on the 14th of November, 1816. Watson remained a resident of the township until his death ; none of his descendants, how- ever, remained in the county. His farm is now owned by A. Thalmann. The Gingles, or Jingles lived nearly fifty years in the townshij), but none of them are residing there this day. James Good, also a companion of Duncan, remained in the township until his death, but none of his descendants have remained John L. Hearrin entered 160 acres in section o"), December 12, 1816, and James Ramsay, 160 acres on the 2.'5d of December, 1S16. Duncan and Good, who had been squatters since their arrival, entered their tracts on the 27th of October, 1817- J. Duncan's farm, which has remaiued in possession of the family to this day, is the oldest farm in the township. Jonathan L. Harris settled in the edge of the timber on the old trail from Duncan's to Carlyle. He had a horse-mill there, which he continued to operate until 1834- He left the county in 1840, and now resides in Clinton county, only a short distance from his old place. Robin Craigg came to the settlement about the year 1818. He improved a farm on the east side of Sugar creek, and remained there the balance of his days. Madison Craigg, a son of Robin, was a skillful mechanic, cart- wright, and established himself in business at Edwardsville. Henry and William, his brothers, were farmers, and their sister became the wife of R. Shields. Lee Cuddy, brother-in-law of Joseph Duncan, brought his family, consisting of George, John (still living"), Shelby, Ephraim, Anna, and Elizabeth, his children, to Madison county in 1823, settling in the immediate vicinity of Joseph Duncan. The Cuddys had resided for many years in Union county, Illinois. Lee Cuddy cultivated a farm on the west side of Sugar creek, now known as the Bellra place. Sub- sequently he moved to Deck's prairie, where he died. John Gracey settled on the north half of section 11 as early as 1818, cleared some 30 acres and continued his resi dence there until 183.5, when he removed to Hancock county. His brother, Joseph, had also cleared a small field in the same section, sold his improvement to Alexander Forrester, and removed to Bond county. Allen Bryant, also an early settler, improved what is no\v known as the Anton Schuler place in section 2. He died on the farm, but none of his children, two girls and four boys, have remained in the county. B. GuUick settled the H. Drancourt farm in section 26, and established a distillery there ; which he operated for many years. He died on his farm ; his family left Madison and went to Bond county, where one of his sons is now sheriff. Alexander Forrester says he came to the township in 1829. The families mentioned on this page, he says, were all personally known to him as living there at the time of his arrival. Forrester raised his first crop, a little patch of corn near Highland, just north of the township line. He IkkI come in company «ith Thomas Carr from Sumner c)unty, Tennesssee, inteuiling to start a tan yard- This plan was soon abandoned, bark being scarce and lime high, priced. Carr returned souih after sojourning three years in the township But Forrester remained, e .listed in the service during the Black Hawk war, and then joined a ranging company, on an expedition west, where the com- pany had to act as guards to traders freighting across the plains. This ranging company was enlisted out of Bond, Madison and Fayette counties, 100 strong, commanded by Captain Matthew Duncan of Vandalia- After having served eleven months the men were discharged and sent home. In 1833, Forrester bought Joseph Gracey 's improve- ment, and married Sarah H. Duncan, daughter of Joseph. He now went to work in earnest to improve his place. After the first year he moved his buildings to the edge of the prairie where he now lives. He has been married three times and raised a family of ten children. Mr. Forrester is 80 years of age, hale and hardy enough to be taken for a man of 65 or 70 years; a trip to Edwardsville and return (nearly 50 miles) on horseback in one day is but sport to the old gentleman. Norris W. and James Ramsay came into the township at an early day. They were sons of John Ramsay, who settled in Clinton county in 1818 They first located in the south part of the township where James had bought 160 acres of land as early as 1816. In 1834, they settled the AV. T. Ramsay place in section 12, where they farmed in common for many years. Norris was married early in life, and raised a family of ten children, of whom only four, one son and three daughters, lived to the age of maturity, two of whom are now living. William S., on the old place, and Rachel, now INIrs. James Lessley, living at Sparta, Randolph county, Illinois. Elder James Ramsay did not marry until he was of middle age. He raised no family ; he was a Presbyterian preacher. Norris died in 1863, and James in 1864, both on the home place. Norris W. was road supervisor when the Carlyle and Edwardsville road was laid out and opened to road from the east line of the township to Highland. Was a great worker, and started in life with nothing but his energy. The proceeds of his labor in breaking 40 acrcs of prairie land and making 4000 fence rails, enabled him to buy his first " property," a horse. Norris owned, at the time of his death, 1,016 acres of land and quite an amount of personal wealth. He was a Pre.'-byterian in religion and a Djmocratin politics. Herbert Hobbs, mentioned abave, was a North Carolinian. He settled on the northwest quarter of section 34, in 1824, where he improved a small farm but never entered the land. About 1842 he entered land in section 32, and continued to live on that land until his death, in 1846. His widow was living as late as 1876. Two of his sons, T. A. and Frank Hobbs, are residents of the township to this day. John Hobbs, a brother of Herbert, settled the Calvin Lee place (section 33) in 1826, and lived on the land until he died. James R. Hobbs, the only surviving son of a family of seven children, resides now in Joplin, Mo. 428 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Thomas Savage settled iii the township as early as 1827, and improved a small farm. He met with an accident in St. Louis, that caused his death some 25 years ago. He left a widow and seven children. Adam Kile, a son of Adam Kile, Sr., cue of the pioneers of Marine township settled in this township in 1825, a neighbor of Savage. ^ The settlements in the west half of the township were of later date, and less numerous than those of the east half The prairie lands were at first overlooked and ignored Their advantages being once understood, they soon attracted the greater part of new arrivals. Up to this time immigration was scarcely perceptible, and the increase of population very slow. The first white child born in the township was H. M. Duncan. His older sisters, born in 1806 and 1809, saw the light of the sun first in Clinton county, where their father's first cabin had been erected. Altogether, up to 1830, not more than 25 families inhabited the township, and they may have cultivated five hundred acres of ground. The agricultural pursuits were simple and limited ; each family cultivated from ten to twenty acres of ground, a farm of 40 acres tilled being almost deemed a hazardous enterprise. Corn and wheat were their main productions, and until 1830 they also raised cotton for home use, picking it in September. The families held but a limited intercourse, mostly among themselves. The nearest church was at Pocahontas, in Bond county, ten miles off. Divine service, after the Presbyterian creed, was held, however, on Sugar creek, in a private cabin. In 1824 George Ramsay taught school there also. James A. Ramsay succeeded in 1828, and John Shinn in 1830. It seems that James A. Ramsay caused a school and meeting- house (church) to be erected about the year 1825 or 1826. It stood near Craigg's improvement, was constructed of hewn logs, and known as the Ramsay church (Presbyte- rian). Mr. Forrester remembers to have attended church here in 1829, and it is in this building where James A. Ramsay and John Shinn taught school. Subsequently the congregation built a church on section 28. This building was bought by R. N. Ramsay, and is now used as a tenant house. The neighborhood church is now in Clinton county, one mile south of the Madison county line. About this time townships 3-4 and 4-5 formed an election precinct, and the elections were held at Joseph Duncan's residence, called Pleasant Hill. In subsequent years but few additions are to be made to the pioneers of American birth, among whom mention is to be made of Calvin Lee, a native of Illinois, born in Fayette county, 111., who died here in 1844. His three surviving sons, Calvin, Pinkney and Green, farmers, are to this day residents of the township. Oliver Hoyt, a New Yorker, settled on the farm where he now resides in 1836. He was the second man in the neigh- borhood to risk prairie farming. He bought the improve- ment of a man named Giloman, near Sugar creek, and moved the cabin and what rails there were to his place on the prairie. He occupied the cabin for seven or eight years as bi.^ dwelling ; he subse<|uently erected better and more comfortable buikling:*, and the house now occupied as a dwelling is the third one built on the same site. The farm of Mr. Hoyt has in the course of time — forty-five years — Tiecome one of the finest and best farms of the township. James Billingsley tried prairie farming a year or two earlier on W. Hagnaur's land. He afterward moved to Pike county, and from thence to Texas, where he died. E. M. Morgan, born in Clinton county, just across the Madison county line, January, 1817, settled in 1844 on sec- tion 31. He was the only son of John Morgan, the pioneer of Clinton county, Illinois. A sister of E. M. Morgan, Mary A., was married to George Richardson, who resided at the old Morgan homestead during his life. E. M. Morgan was a good man in the truest sense of the word. He was from 1857 to 1861 appointed associate justice of the Madison county court. In later years he opened a store on his land on sec- tion 31, and had a post-office established there, with himself as postmaster, and named St. Morgan. Judge Morgan died May 16, 1881, and was interred with all the honors and ceremonies of the Masonic fraternity. The site of the former post-office, St. Morgan, has now developed into a little village, with the tavern of Nicholas Zopf — the old democratic wheelhorse of his vicinity — as centre place, Frederick Hanzelmann as blacksmith, and John Kaeser as wagon-maker. The attention of European immigrants was called to the fertile soil of Illinois at an early date ; a number of them h d shared in the trials and hardships of actual pioneer life, as stated in the chapter on Immigration. The town- ship of Helvetia was now to receive her full portion of the foreign element, and a full portion it proved to be. The first Europeans arriving did not exactly make this township their home, but were so intimately connected with the inhabitants of it as to become a part of them. Under the leadership of Dr. Caspar Koepfli, of Sursee, canton Lucerne, Switzerland, a cluster of Swiss parties arrived in 1831 ; among them Joseph Suppiger, whose name is honor- ably connected with every enterprise in the locality. He was one of the most useful men which the township ever possessed, equally devoted to the interests of the locality and to those of the country at large. For nearly twelve years he had filled the office of justice of the peace ; higher offices, though repeatedly tendered, had no charm for him, and were politely but decidedly refused. Mr. Suppiger died April 24, 1861. Artthony Suppiger, a younger brother of Joseph, was also of the party, and he alone remains to speak of their manifold experiences. Mr. Anthony Sup- piger, a public-spirited man and exemplary citizen, has repeatedly been called to fill local offices, and in 1865 he became a member of the county court. Dr- Koepfli was accompanied by his sons, Joseph and Solomon ; Bernhard Koepfli, and Dr. Caspar Koepfli, Jr., arrived later. These earlier pioneers were re-enforced by constant arrivals. They all clustered around the home- steads of the Suppigers and Koepflis. In 1836 an event occurred that made the northern part of Helvetia township the centre of life and activity of this Swiss colony. It was the foundation of HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 429 THE TOWN OF Hrr.IILAXD. The era of town aud city foundations in Illimiis is cotem- porary with the internal improvement fever. A railroad leading from Mount Carmel to Alton, and passing through this township, was in contemplation. General James Sempk, then a member of the House of Representatives of the ninth General Assembly of Illinois, from this county, together with Joseph Su])piger and Solomon Koepfli, selected section 5 of this township for the site of a future town. The new railroad wa* formally recognized by the State, and an appropriation of 81,600,000 made for the construction of this and the Alton ( — ) Shawneetown railroad. February 27, 1837. General Semple was Speaker of the House during the term of the tenth Gen- eral Assembly, 1836 to 1838, and a warm personal friend of Abraham Lincoln, who represented Sangamon county at that time. The question of naming the town was mooted by the parties interested, the names of New Switzerland and Helvetia being suggested. Semple thought those names to be rather foreign, and being by birth a Scotchman of the Highlands, and his associates hailing also from elevated re- gions, the name of Highland, as complimentary to the three founders was adopted. The original plat of the town, as re- corded, shows not only the projected railroad, but also the depot grounds aud an additional railroad, named "Die Belleville und St. Louis Zweigbahn," (branch road to Belle- ville and St. Louis.) The road was never built. The foundation of the town was succeeded by the terrible commercial crisis of 1S37. The little community was virtually without any circulating medium iu the form of money for years. Xo debts could be paid except in cattle or produce, but even these were nearly worthless. Despite all these discouraging surroundings, the population developed a certain activity. A steam mill was erected as early as 1837 by a copartnership, Joseph Suppiger & Co., consisting of Joseph Suppiger, Dr. F. Ryhiner, and Caspar Meyer. The capacity of the mill was then about 30 barrels of flour in 24 hours. It had a saw-mill attached to it. From 1840 to 1850, the firm was composed of Joseph, Melchfor, and Bernard Suppiger, James Reynohls, and David Thorp. ~~ A ' fourth brother, David, bought Bernard's share in 1850. In 1854, James Reynolds sold out to Bernard Suppiger, who then became again a partner of the firm. In 1866, the mill passed into the hands of David Suppiger, Robert Suppiger, (oldest sou of Bernard), Hale M. Thorp, and Henry Wein- heimer. The latter sold his share to Otto Suppiger, (young- est son of Bernard), and Edwin J. Raith in 1880. H. M. Thorp's interest, 1, was recently bought liy Adolpli Rucg^er, the present treasurer of Madison county. The name of the firm is now David Suppiger & Co. The first building was put up by Joseph Suppiger, and the machinery for both grist and corn mill by au eastern millwright, named Gale, a brolher of the late "Benny" Gale, who lived in section 14 in this township until recently. Additional improvements ! were constructed in 1845 by Ingersoll, also an eastern man. ' In 1857 the whole mill was remodeled, the saw-mill removed, 55 ' and a new engine constructed under the supervision of Cap- tain Julius Ruith * the father of the present partner. These mills have ground three and a half million? of bushels of whe;it since 18 J7, of which three mi lions have b.'en ground since 1857. Their products have found a market in St. Louis, Terre Haute, New Orleans, New York, Boston, Baltimore, Albany, England, Ireland Scotland and Belgium. The present capacity is 250 barrels per day. The highest price paid for wheat was 82.45 in gold in 1858, and §3.50 in greenbacks in 1867. The lowest price, 62] cents, was paid in 1851. Flour brought then S3.50 per barrel, S14. 00 gold in 1858, and §17.50 greenbacks in 1867. The mills have now been operated 45 years, and the proprietors state with pride and satisfaction, that during all this time no accident causing the loss of life or limb has ever occurred, nor have the works ever been injured by fire. The company have always used French burr stones for grinding wheat. The gross value of all mill products turned out in 1881 exceeds the sum of 8200,000, and that of all productssince 1837 reachesalmost five millions of dollars. j The first mechanic of Highland was a wagon niak'er, I named Krucker, from St. Gall, Switzerland. His first wagon was completed in 1839. Krucker had formerly worked at gun carriages for Carrera, the celebrated half breed ruler of Guatemala, in Central America. Lang, a blacksmith, re- moved to Nauvoo in 1840. Charles Kinne started a harness shop about the same time. The first store in Highland was opened by Elijah Ellison, on the site of the Highland House. David Thorp opened a store at the site of the present bank in 1838 or 1839, and became first postmaster of High- land, which heretofore had to send to Clifton, in Clinton county, and then to Troy for their mails. Jacob Eggen, who had arrived in 1833, sjarted a brick- yard soon after, and connected, in company with Labhard, a pottery with it. The first vessels for the St. Louis White Lead Works were made in this pottery. Mr. Eggen was also the founder of a distillery, and later a bakery, the first in Highland, and still in existence, now conducted by R. Bauraann. The first hotel of the town was opeued by Anthony Buchniann. In 1843, the town became a station on the stage route be- tween Vandalia and St. Louis' and a proud day it proved for the town people when the first stage coach, drawn by four hor.-es, came thundering along through the town. A wool carding machine was erected by N. Smiley in 1843; in after years it passed into the hands of Mr. Stahl, who converted it into a yarn factory. The works were greatly enlarged by Bosshard and Feickert, but never be- came remunerative. BREWERIES. John Guggenbuehler was the founder of this industry. He started the Jeferson Jireivery in 1843, which afterward passed into the hands of Daniel Wild. In 1865 it was con- solidated with the *Capt, Raith had won hi.* caplaincv in tlie Mexican war. He com- manded a regiment in the civil war, and fell in llie liattle of Sliiloli, lea'ling a charge. 430 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS ITIgldaml Brewery, founded in 1854, by Charles L. Ber- nays, who in 185G took Gerhard Schott and M. F. Schott in as purtucrji. Bernays sold bij whole interest to these par- ties in 1857. Soon after Gerhard Schott sold his interest, and Martin F. and Christian Schott remained sole proprie- tors until 1870, when Christian Schott withdrew from the business. It has been since and is now most successfully managed by M. F. Schott. The capital invested is $40000 ; the capacity of the brewery is 6,000 barrels per year, and gives occupation to 12 laborers, whose wages amounted to §8,000 in 1S81. The value of products sold in 1851 was §45,000, and about §400,000 since 1870. DISTILLERY. Jacob Eggen, together with Ludwig Gruetli, started a distillery in 1844, with Henry Hermann and George Ruegger as partners. In 1849 the business passed into the hands of Anthony Miller, Henry Hermann, and J. J. Spiudler, and was successfully continued until 1865, when the partnership wa? dissolved. The capacity of the works was ab )ut 15 barrels of high wines per day. Amount of corn used, 200 bushels per day. A rectifying apparatus was connected with the distillery since 1849. Henry Hermann continued in the business another year, when he turned his attention to the erection of the HIGHLAND CITY MILLS. Henry Hermann, John Leder, and C. H. Seybt, partners — capital stock, $100,000. The old firm has undergone some changes, and at ihis day, the capital stock is composed of 7 shares, of which Henry Hermann and C- H. Seybt own each 2 ; and John Hermann, Emil Hermann and Mrs Blakeman, each 1 share. The products of these mills are favorably known in both hemispheres, and command first prices Last year's transactions amounted to over $300,000. EARLY SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The founders of Highland made great efforts to provide for the education of the children at the very beginning of the settlement, ready to sacrifice the last dollar for that purpose. A Miss Slater was retained as teacher, although there was no school-house provided ; she taught in the houses of the various families. Joseph Suppiger, the man ■who taught and labored for all, succeeded at an early day — probably in 1839 or 1840, to raise funds enough to erect a school-house. It was built by Joseph Mueller, on what is now called Methodist Hill, at an expense of $300. Re- ligious services were held occasionally, as itinerant preachers of any creed or denomination happened to come into the settlement. The school-house on Methodist Hill was open to all. Joseph Rieger, a Lutheran preacher, who had for years been a missionary among the Indians, made regular visits to Highland until 1S41. Father Maragno ■was the first Catholic priest to come to Highland. Pro- testants and Catholics united to erect an edifice for public devotion for all Christians, irrespective of dogmas and rites in 1844. Music, vocal and instrumental, was practiced from the verv beginning. Some few of the old oruard are surviving. and it is with pride and delight that the old .^ielf-constructed bass, serviceable to this day, is shown, although the materials out of which it was so skillfully "built," were "annexed," or appropriated without price. The musicians of 1840 were, Edward Hammer, 1st vio- lin ; Charles Kiune, 2nd violin ; Fritz Kinne, bass. (Ham- mer and Fritz Kinne, cabinet makers, had procured the materials while in Louisville, and built the instrument). David Suppiger, clarionet ; .Joseph and Melchoir Suppiger, violins ; and John Suppiger, flute, united with the old guard soon after their arrival. Theatrical performances commenced in 184S with Anthony Beck (Saline), Mrs. Durer, Miss. Staffelbach, Melchoir Suppiger, Rudolf Fischer, C. Wasen, and Schubert on the stage. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Boernstein and also Mrs. C. L. Bernays participated with great zeal in 1849 and 1850. Vocal music was cultivated by an organized society, in 1850, composed of Jacob Kleiner, Christian Branger (dead), Henry Zobrist, Dominic Brey, Christian Rubin (dead), Chr. Feutz, Samuel Krebs, Vincent Steiner, Hugo Reichert, Joseph Schepperle and Albsrt Waldschmidt, (dead). The village was now past its infancy. The stormy years of 1847 to 1849, when the whole continent of Europe seemed to be in a state of revolution, had driven large num- bers of immigrants to America, and Highland received its full share. The town developed rapidly, many business houses threw their doors open to the public, the shops of the mechanics resounded with the bustle of busy labor, the prairies surrounding the towu had been converted into fields of plenty, and all seemed to prosper. But the breaking out of the civil war called the men to arms. The mechanic of the workshop threw down the hammer, the farmer boy left his plow, the teacher his school, the clerk his pen, to take up the gun in defense of the republic, which had given to all a cherished home, with a promise of a future of plenty. The war over, those who had been spared, returned to their former fields of labor. The town had now a popula- tion of nearly two thousand inhabitants. The log cabins and light frame buildings were disappearing, substantial houses built of brick, perhaps 200 in number, gave the towu a city4ike appearance. An agitation to incorporate the town resulted in the adop- tion of a towu charter, which was enforced April 1865. The names of the towu officials are here introduced : 1805, Prest., Jacob Eggen. " Triis. Jos. Speckars, '' " Henry Weinheimer, " " Xavier Suppiger, " " Frank Appel. " Clerk, B. E. Iloflmann, 1866, Prest., John Bucbter. '' Tru3., Leopard Knoebel, " J. E. Blaltner, '' " Alvis Bruegger, " ' '' Cbristopber Menz. " Town Magistrate, Clias. Bees- chenstein. " Clerk, B. E. Hoffmann. 1807, Prest, J. II. Williiiiann. 1867 Trus., Cbas. Kinne, " " Dr. A. FeUler, '' " Alvis Bruegger, '' " Andrew Just. John Blattner. Joseph Harnisch. Stephen Schwarz. George Kuegger, Henry Hermann, Andrew Just. B. E. Hoffmann. Charles Kinne. Stephen Schwarz Dr. A. Felder, Chas. Feickert, Clerk, , Prest., Trus., Clerk, I, Prest., Trus., HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 431 1869 Trus., Martin Ilalin. " Clerk, John Blallner. 1870, Pre-t.,Chas. Kiniie. " Trus., J. J. Spindler, " " Xavier Siippiger, " " Martin Ilalin, " " Stephen Schwarz. " Clerk, John Blattner. 1871, Prest., John Suppiger. " Trus., Lorenz Winter, " " J. J. Spindler, " '• J. J. Biiner, " " Christ. Hotz. ■' Clerk, John Blattner. 1872, Prest., Charles Kinne. " Trus., Jos. Speckard. '' '' Fritz Pagan, '' " J. J. Briner, " " Louis Apple. " Police Mag'st., Jacob Eggen. " Clerk, Chas. Boeschenstein. 1873, Prest., .J. H. Willimann. " Tru.^., Lorenz Winter, " " Jacob Kamm, '' " Arnold Stocckling, " " Chri.-tian Hotz. •' Clerk, .\lexander Beck. 1874, Same as in 1873. 1875, Prest., J. H. Willim.inn. " Tru.s., Louis Kinne, '' " Timothy Gruaz, '' " Cha-s. F. Kuhnen, " " George Durabeck. " Clerk, John Menz. 1876, Prest., J, H. Willimann. " Trns., Stephen Schwarz, " '' Dominik Weber, 1870 Tnis., Chas. F. Kuhnen. " " George Dumbeck, " Clerk, Chas. Bo&*chenstein. 1877, Prest., J. H. Willimann. " Trus., Stephen Schwarz, •' •' Dominik Weber, " " John Wickenhausen, ■' " Fred. Zinmierraann. " Clerk, .\dolph Riiegger. 1878, Piest., Morilz Huegy. •' Trus., L. Grapp, " " Dominik Weber, •' " John Wickenhausen, " " John Buchter. " Clerk, Chas. Ilagnauer. 1879, Prest., Moritz Huegy. " Trus., L. Grapp, " " Dominik Weber, " " John Guggenbuebler, " Jac Grossenbacher. Clerk, Chas. Bosshard. 18S0, Pre.«t., Fred. B. Suppiger. " Trus., Henry Mueller, " " Dominik Weber, •' " John Guggenbuebler " " Jac. Grossenbacher. " Clerk, Charles Bosshard. 1881, Prest., Fred. B. Suppiger. Above Trustees re-elected. '' Clerk, Alexander Beck. 1882, Prest., Fred B. Suppiger. '' Trus,, L. Grapp, " " Edward Boe.schenstein, " " Htnry Hediger, " " Jac. Grossenbacher. " Clerk, Alexander Beck. The government of the town was an easy task. The oflS- eers have invariably acted with prudent economy ; as at a time of the all-prevailing railroad fever, the citizens voted a subvention of .$10,000 to the Vandalia road— August 12, 1867,— the town board wisely levied a special tax to meet interest and payment of amount borrowed at fixed periods of time ; the last payment on account of this railroad debt became due and was paid in 1875, eight years after the crea- tion of the debt. The town has not paid a corporation tax since, has its streets and sidewalks in good condition, no debts to pay, and .$2500.29 in its cash-box,— March 31, 1882. The town is divided into four wards, some of which have been classed as follows : 1st Ward is known as the Red Quarter; 3d Ward, Fort Sumter ; and 4th Ward, Methodvst Quarter; why the second Ward has been slighted is un- known to the writer. The name of " Fort Sumter" is of recent — war times — date. Some of its valiant denizens were decidedly loud in the denunciations of secession, and it was on their account that the ward was given this name. Some of the leading manufiictorics of the town have been named above. We may add here the Highland foundry, — a stock concern, — N. Rohr's planing mills and door and sash factory ; Grossenbacher's Custom Mills, the Highland Mineral Water Factory. Grain-elevators, erected near the depot grounds, facilitate the shipment of the agricultural products of this and adja- cent townships. Great sacrifices have been made in endeavors to open ccal mines, but without success. Artesian wells have been sunk, and are now supplying some of the manufactories with water. The population of the town, nearly all of direct European immigration, have retained a great many features of their native lands. The " Vereine " (.societies for rational enjoy- ments and recreation) are as numerous, or more so, than in any of the villages of the " Fatherland." A few lines may be devoted to a briefs :etch :— SOCIETIE.S AND LODGES. Highland Library Association, organized December 9th, 1859, A. E. Bandelier, President. First Board oj Trustees. — Frederick Ryhiner, Joseph Sup- piger, Sjlomjn Koepfli, John Suppiger, aad A. E. Ban- delier. This association collected a valuable library, carefully selecting works that would answer the respective needs of pupils, teachers, and people of all vocations in life. In order to create a desire for study and self education, courses of lectures on natural science were arranged during the winter months, and practically illustrated by an expensive physical apparatus. The lecturers were: Professor Baer, Julius Hammer, Drs. Ryhiner, Suter, Bernavs and Halter, and Messrs. A. E. Bandelier, C. L. Bernays, A. F. Bandelier, and others. See personal mention below. Highland was at its best. The library of 1859 has been constantly enlarged, and is now in charge of the literary section of the Turn-Verein, open to all in the comfortable reading room of the society. Joseph Suppiger heretofore mentioned, born in Lucerne, Switzerland, was educated for the pulpit at the Jesuit College. Not being disp >sed to devote himself to this voca- tion, he entered the cloth factory of his father and uncle, Joseph and John Suppiger, as bjok-keeper. He emigrated to the U. S. in 1831, as stated heretofore. Father and uncle followed in 1833. Solomon Koepfli. The families of Koepfli and Suppiger were by no means in favor witli the Ultramontanes of their native Canton, and this circumstance, together with the prospect of finding a larger field of occupation for their nu- merous families, induced them to emigrate. Solomon Koepfli, a son of Dr. C. Koepfli, mentioned heretofore, was, as Hon. G. Koerner in his work, " Das Deutsche Element," spea4is of him, as prudent and calculating, as active and en- terprising. His main aim was to advance the prosperity of the Swiss colony, as well as the town of Highland. He lent a helping hand to every public enterprise, was untiring in the improvement of public roads, and, in later years, in his efforts to secure railroad facilities for his town. The au- thorities of the county, as well as the committees of the Le- gislature, were incessantly besieged by him with petitions and propositions. His labors, though not always accom- 4:32 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. panied with success, triumphed iu the end, and gave to him a wonderful political influeuce. The American population held him, who was always iu the lead and never seemed fatigued, in higher estiraaiiou than the German. His energy was by many regarded as egotism and self-aggrandizement, i and envy took every opportunity to question his motives. It may be that he insisted too rigorously on what he thought to be his rights, and that his decided and sometimes hasty acts gave offense. However, he was the proper man in the proper place. The rapid growth of the settlement, the good reputation it enjoys, even beyond the limits of the state, are, in part, his work, as well as that of Joseph Suppiger. Solomon Koepfli, though deeply interested in political life, never sought office, only once, in 18G2, consenting to become a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of Illinois. His over-fdtiguing labors during the session of this convention undermined his otherwise robust health. He tried to im- prove it by repeated visits to Europe. At his last sojourn at Zurich, he occupied his time with preparations for the execution of his favorite plan — to found a high school at Highland. He was also engaged in a literary work, the history of the Swi.ss Colony iu Madison county, but death intervened soon after he returned to Highland, 18G!1. His labors in the improvement of public schools should also be mentioned, as well as his readiness to materially aid the public schools at home. Dr. F. Ryhinee, born December 7, 180G, died July 14, 1879. Dr. Ryhiner was a graduate of the Uuiversity of Heidelberg, had frequented the Universities of Vienna, Prague, and heard lectures iu Paris. Became military sur geon of his native city, Basel, iu 1833. He got entangled in political troubles on account of his broad and liberal views, and became disgusted with affairs generally. He came to the U. S. in 1835, and became a resident of Highland in 1837. He has always been known as a public-.spirited man. As a physician he was. peer to all. A. E. Basdeliee, a native of the Jura region, the French part of Canton Berne, Switzerland, educated for the legal profession at Lausanne, he became a member of the Superior Court, when scarcely 21 years of age and presiding judge a few years later. " The happiest period of my liie soon ended, for unfortunately," says Mr. Bandelier, " did the sovereign people see fit to elect me to the legislative council, although I had never felt any inclination for political labors." Mr. Bandelier was soon after called to the government council. The political troubles of those years caused a radi- cal change ; a new constitutional convention was called, of which Mr. B. became a member. He was again offered the presidency of the superior court, but refused to accept and chose, as he says, to look for once beyond the narrow boun- daries of Switzerland. He visited Brazil in 1847, in com- pany with his friend, J. Balsiger, and arrived in 1848 in Highland, where in 1854, he in company with Dr. F. Ryhin- er and M. Huyge, opened the well, and to this day favorably known banking house of F. Ryhiner & Co. He is the only surviving partner of the firm. The Home Government of Switzerland, remembering the sterling qualities of this man, made him consul of that Republic at an early date ; his consulate embraced not only the Mississippi valley to New Orleans, but extended southeast to the Carolinas. Mr. Bandelier's labors as school director of Highland from 1858 to 18(i0 are still remembered, as elevating the schools to their present proud rank. PROFES.SOR B.VEK, au educated and eminent pedagogue of Zurich, had for years tried " Latin " farming in Texas. Horace's celebrated ode : Beatus ille qui proeul negoliis, Ut prisca gen.s mortalium Biira paterna bubus exercet suis Solutus omni foenere. elc. found but indifferent application in Texas, and Mr. Baer, bidding farewell to the lone star state, hastened to the Swiss Eldora, where he took charge of the public schools as priu- cipal and with the assistance of but two other teachers, suc- ceeded to manage, instruct and greatly advance not less than 300 pupils. His labors were not appreciated by all, for many were incompetent to comprehend them. He laid down the ferule in 1862. His weary head was laid to rest in the same year. A grateful community erected a monu- ment in honor of this pioneer pedagogue. The writer of these sketches conducted the mourning children to the grave of their beloved friend and teacher in September, 1862, to decorate it, and the monument with the choicest flowers of the beautiful gardens of Highland. Julius Hammer, candidatus iheologcc, a somewhat ec- centric gentleman, but of sterling qualities, was cast on the shores of America, in consequence of insurrections and civil wars in Germany. He bore the joys and ills of bachelor life with the ease of a philosopher for many years, and when painful and incurable disease seized upon him, he died as only stoics can. Carl Ludwig Bernays, a journalist of note, and con- noisseur of fine arts of distinction, came to Highland in 1848, engaged in commercial and manufacturing pursuits. Ill luck seemed to have pursued him. Losses by fire made him, comparatively speaking, a poor man ; but men of fer- tility of brain as Bernays enjoyed are never without re- sources. Adversity might bend him, but never break him. He was a splendid writer, a man of most liberal views. His articles published iu the " Anzeiger" of St. Louis, from 1858 to 1861 were forcible and pointed, and made the German element of St. Louis a unit in opposition to secession. Ber- 1 nays was U. S. consul at Zurich, and Helsingaer, and after I resigning this position he entered the U. S. army, advancing to the rank of colonel, and remaining in the field until the war was ended. After the war he took up the journalistic : pen again, plying it as pointedly as every before, never lay- ing it down until 1880 when he was called off to attend the grand parade of the mysterious realms beyond. Adolf F. Bandelier, born August 6, 1840, came to Highland in 1848. His education is principally the work of his parents. A great linguist, he mastered various mod- ern languages and has studied the classical works of France, Germany and England. In later years he perfected himself in the Spanish tongue and now understands the lan- guage of various Indian nations in Mexico. His researches HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS AZZ iu Mexico have raised him to a national prominence. The scientific world, deeply interested in several pamphlets pub- lished by hira, at the request of Prof. Jlorgan.of Rochester, are now awaiting with anxiety, the publication of a work contemplated by A. F. Bandelier, who has, for several years, braved the dangers of life among the savages, for the sake of science. HELVETIA SCIIUETZEN VEREIN-SHARPSHOOTERS,- -1861. Henry Hermann first presiding ofiicer. This society is still in existence. Its rolls contain the names of 139 members, many of whom, however, have fired off their last cartridge, and now are awaiting the often mentioned' horn of Gabriel to recall them to action. This society has done much to make Highland as attractive as it is now. A beautiful park, donated by Joseph and Solomon Koepfli to the society in trust, has been embellished at great expense, and has ever since 1863 been the favorite place of resort. Thousands have gathered there from almost every state of the Union to participate in the festivities by this society. List of names : — Ily. Hermann, (jeo. Kuegger- .Ino. Huchter. Dr. R. Halter. Fritz Pagan, pr. B. .V. Siippigcr. David Siippiger. Jacob Weber, sr. Doni. Wiget. Martin Seliott. (xei). Sleinegger. J. U. Kurth. Peter Voegeli. Nic Voegeli. Hv. Laengli. The. Mengi. Fr. Ileger. J. II. Willimann. Tim. Gruaz. J. Spoeni. B. Ilurlimann. Aug. J. Pagan. Kiul. Blattner. .Tohn Mcnz. F. Eychner. Ad. iSandelier, Jr. L Swain, who was a prominent citizen of Troy, and at one time sheriff of the county, had erected a mill on the same spot some years before which burned down. It is supposed to have been set on fire by an incendiary. The present mill is constructed of brick, and at the time it was built was considered one of the finest mills in Southern Illinois. It has an excellent situation, adjacent to a pond of water, fed by springs, which has never been known to be dry. The mill has a capacity of about three hundred barrels per day. The present proprietors are Gustav Vetter & Co. The Brookside Mills, near the railroad depot, were built in 1877, and have a capacity of one hundred and twenty- five barrels of flour per day. William Donoho is the pro- I prietor. This mill is provided with machinery of the most 1 approved description, and manufactures flour by the new patent process. Brookside Coal Co. — In 1880 work was begun on a coal shaft near the railroad depot. A five and a half foot vein of coal was found at a depth of three hundred and thirteen feet. It was ready for operation in the early part of the year 1881, and the work of mining and raising coal has since been successfully prosecuted. This mine is the farthest east on the line of the Vandal ia railroad in this State. Beside supplying the local demand and that of towns farther east on the line of the railroad considerable quanti- ties of coal are shipped to St. Louis. William Freudenau is president of the company. The remaining business interests of the town are repre- sented as follows : General Merchants, — .Samuel Rawson & Bro., F. M. Au- warter, David Seligmann, Stolte & Feldner, Louis Karges & Son (Brookside). Hardware, Groceries and Drugs. — Henry A. Risser. Hardware and Tin- — Jacob Gebauer. 444 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Stoves and Tin Ware. — William Hampe. Furniture. — J. Stieiihaus. Drug St 'res. — S. Kingston, J. P. Lytle & Co. Lumber. — Henry H. Padon. Agricultural Implements. — James B. Thomas, Henry INIar- tin, Frederick Gerfeu. Jilacksmith and 'Wagon Maker. — Frederick Gerfeu. Blaekimith and Plow Maker. — Elias Burke. Blacksmith. — John Riebold. Carpenters and Builders. — John Seybold, James Seybold, John and James Peterman, Stolte & Salter. Shoe Shops. — Joseph Kiesel, Andreas Klein, Bennett Smith. Watches and Jeivelry — Fred. Simon. Livery Stable. — S. W. Cowles. Saddler and Harness Maker. — Frank L. Hampton. Tailor. — Julius Nill. Butchers. — John Diemling, Ernst Albrecht. White Horse Hotel. — William Jleiuers. Johnson House- — Mrs. Sarah Johnson. Physicians. — Dr. F. A. Sabin, Dr. Fred. Zenders, Dr. Charles Sehott, Dr. J. J. Brown, Dr. Fred. Zenk. Postmistres-i. — Mattie Johnson. Justices of the Peace. — Frank L. Hampton, James N. Jarvis. Police Magistrate. — Andrew Mills. SECRET SOCIETIES. NEILSON LODGE, NO. 25, INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOW.S, Was instituted on the 14th of July, 1847. The charter members were J. K. Reiner, John S. Dewey, John R. Swain, T. J. Brady, Thomas McDowell, and Andrew Kimberlin. The present officers of the lodge are, George B. Henderson, N. G. ; Dr. J. J. Brown, V. G. ; George Rawson, Secretary ; Henry A. Risser, Treasurer. TROY LODGE, NO. 588, ANCIENT, FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, Was chartered October 6, 18G8. The original members were Samuel Rawson, Dr. F. A. Sabin, Stephen G. Barnes, Dr. John S. Dewey, A Lindermaun, Jesse Padon, William Dunoho, George Rawson, John Carney, Julius A. Barnsback William Shaw. The officers now are: Elias Burke, W. M. , Dr. F. W. Zenders, S. W. ; M. W. Powell, J. W. ; Julius A. Barnsback, Treasurer : George Rawson, Secretary. PISGAH ENCAMPMENT, NO. 104, INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS, Was instituted October 11, 1870, with Samuel Rawson, Fred. W. Zenders, T. H. Bell, F. A. Sabin, J. P. Anderson, J. W. Staton, and G. W. C. Gates, as charter members. The present officers are : Andrew Rawson, C. P. ; Henry H. Padon, S. AV- ; F. W. Zenders, H. P. ; George Rawson, Scribe ; Henry A. Risser, Treasurer ; Joseph Granger, Junior Warden. MAYFLOWER LODGE, NO. 1586, KNIGHTS OF HONOR, Was instituted May 1, 1879. The present officers are: James Bosomworth, Dictator ; Joseph Granger, Vice Dicta- tor; Henry H. Padon, Asst. Dictator; Frank L. Hampton, Reporter ; Andrew Rawson, Financial Reporter ; George Rawson, Treasurer. MADISON COUNCIL, NO. 356, LEGION OF HONOR, Was instituted in December, 1880. Elias Burke is now Commander; William Freudenau, Post Commander ; Gus- tav Vetter, Vice Commander; Philip Eckert, Treasurer; Jacob Clipper, Secretary. The present board of trustees of the town of Troy is composed as follows ; Julius A. Barnsback, John F. Jarvis, William J. Vetter, David Seligmann, William Schultz. •^^^g^^^^3^^- PIN OAK. ^^i' QMPRISES the whole of town four, range seven. It is bounded on the north by Hamel, on the east by Marine, on ' the south by Jarvis, and on the west by Edwardsville township. Silver creek flows in a southerly direction through the eastern part of the township, entering at section 1 and passing out section 36. Along this stream the land is considerably broken, and there is a heavy growth of young timber. When the township was first settled, it is said a deer might have been seen at a great dis- tance, from point to point, across this stream. Only here and there a large tree, and no undergrowth, interrupted the view. Since settlement began the fires have been kept out and for the past sixty years the timber has grown rapidly. At present large trees thickly cover what once, within the memory of man, was a vast undulating plain, covered only by the grasses indigenous to the soil. Ou section 16, at the head of a small stream, there was a Pin Oak grove, from which the township took its name. Here, in the early times, was the militia training ground. Joseph Bartlett, Lockhart and Taylor, were the first set- tlers. The latter two made small improvements near the Pin Oak grove. Uncle Joe Bartlett, as he was familiarly HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 445 called, located in section 21. They settled here in 1809. Bartlett became a permanent and prominent citizen. He was born in the state of Virginia, January 13, 1775, and emigrated to the vicinity of Kuoxville, Tennessee, where he resided many years. From there he went to Kentucky and thence to the territory of Illinois in 1897. lie first located near the old village of Milton, in the Wood river settlement, where he remained until 1803. He then settled as above stated. During the Indian troubles he served as a ranger, and took part in the building of Fort Russell. He also built a fort or block house on the west eighty of the northwest quarter, section 21. This block house stood about three hundred yards west of where his daughter now resides, on the north side of the road. He was one of the party that gave chase to the Indians that committed the Wood river massacre. He was also in the Black Hawk war, accompanied by three of his sons. He built a double log- house on the state road on the tract that is well known as the Bartlett place. His block house remained standing un- til about 1834, when he tore it down, moved it near his residence and converted it into stables. Mr. Bartlett was married to Patience McCoy, April 5, 179S. She was born February ^2, 1778. He raised a family of seven children, and died January 1, 1864. Martin settled a place on the southern line of Hamel township. Nicholas located a short distance north of his brothers. William settled the place where C. B. Gonterman now lives. Jesse, the youngest son, lived in the old homestead. Sarah married George Day, who settled a place in the north-eastern part of section 9. Rachel, the youngest, became the wife of Daniel E. Adams. She is the only survivor of the family, and now a widow. Lydia married William Kirkpatrick, who settled in Montgomery county. She had two children, and died many years ago. Uncle Joe attended school only eight days. He often related this fact. In after life, by close application and intuition, he qualified himself quite creditably. He was the first assessor and treasurer of the county. A former writer has said of him, " He was a man of domestic habits, and did not even visit the neighboring city of St. Louis, though less than twenty-five miles distant, for forty-four years previous to his death, which occurred December 25, 18G3. The horse ferry had just been estab- lished about the time of his last trip there, in 1819, and his surviving friends state, that having but little curiosity for things new or strange, he never went to see a steamboat or railroad, neither did he visit a county fair nor camp meet- ing during his life, a period of ninety-one years, preferring to devote his whole time to his domestic afl!kirs and his books. He was a man of excellent mind, well stored with informa- tion, especially in politics. In his day he was considered a walking history of Tennessee, and for many years acted as justice of the peace. He ■was county treasurer, and held other oflBces of trust and responsibility. He had a large and well-selected library, and also a file of the papers then published in this state and Tennessee." Paul Beck located on section 5, before the war of 1812. During that struggle he was a ranger. His cabin was built in the style of a block house, in which he lived manv years. 57 September 6, 1814, he entered the northeast quarter of sec- tion 5. The same day George Hutton entered one hundred and sixty acres. These were the first land entries in 4-7. George Coventry, a native Englishman, came to Madison county from Christian county, Kentucky, in 1813. He was married in Kentucky to Sarah Stanford, August 10, 1805. He had four children born to him in that state, two of whom died. John W. and Indiana he brought with him to this county. The latter has since died ; the former is one of the well-known citizens of the county. Two children were born in this county, William M. and Elciann ; the former lives in Davenport, Iowa, and the latter is now Mrs. George Bay- less, of Montgomery county. 111. Mr. Coventry was a mill- wright by trade. Upon coming to the county he first stopped with Thomas Davidson. Subsequently he came to Edwards- ville and kept a public house. At an early day he bought the Paul Beck place, which consisted of a block hou.se, several other small buildings, and a horse-mill. He opera- ted the horse-mill for some time. The place was afterward known as the Governor Cole place. Mr. Coventry afterward moved to Belleville, and subsequently returned to the coun- ty and located near Salem, in the bottom, where he died July 15, 1819. His wife survived him until May 24, 1874, when she died, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. September 10, 1814, John Robinson entered the northeast quarter of section thirty-two, and the southwest quarter of section thirty-three, where he started an improvement which he afterward sold to Jubilee Posey. April 14, 1815, John R. Jones entered the greater part of section fourteen. All other entries were of a later date. Jubilee Posey, a native of Georgia, came to Madison county in 1811, being at that time about seventeen years of age. He came to the territory in company with an older brother, Chesley Posey, who settled in St. Clair county. Ju- bilee Posey was a ranger during the war of 1812, and ren- dered valuable services in guarding the settlers during that eventful period. Immediately after this he was united in marriage with Catharine Smith. He purchased an improve- ment, started by John Robinson, on section thirty-two, where he afterward improved a good farm and resided until his death, which occurred August 4, 1878, when he was eighty- five years of age. In the latter part of his life he drew a pension. He was twice married, and raised a large family of children. Of his children by his first wife, four still sur- vive. Bennet Posey was born in the county in 1823. He is a farmer and resides on part of his father's estate. Julia is now the widow of John McKec ; Martha married James Thomas ; Chesley is a farmer, living in Clinton county, Illi- nois. Of the second marriage there were born to him three girls. He accumulated a considerable amount of property, and in every relation of life maintained the name of an honorable and honest citizen, and died regretted by a wide circle of friends. Laban Smart came to the county in 1816, and settled in section one, town three, range seven. He was a native of North Carolina and came here from Kentucky. He con- tinued farming until about 183-i, when he lost his wife. Thev had raised a large familv of children wi hom the 44G HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. old geatleman lived until his death, some three years later. He served as a soldier during the Revolutionary war, and drew a pension. Wiley Smart, the oldest son that came to ■4his county, (for some members of the family were left in Kentucky), was among the first settlers in the northern part of the county. About 1832, he exchanged fiirms with Peter Long and then located on the Long farm, where he continued to reside until his death in 1850. He raised quite a large family of children, some of whom settled in Shelby county, Illinois, and others went west. He was twice married, and served in the war of 1812. Peter Smart, the next son, im- proved the Gerhardt StruckofF place, in section 36, as early as 1S20, where he resided until 1849, when he moved west He died in Putnam county, Mis.souri, some ten years later. His family was not large. Henry B., the next son, was born in the year 1830. He settled on section 35, where his son, H. A. Smart, now lives, as early as 1830. Here he improved a large farm. He died in 1882. His wife was a Miss Thompson, who came here with her uncle, Thomas Ray, in 1818. They raised a family of seven children. Alsey S. and Henry A. are farmers in the township. Maria, now Mrs. John Smith, and Martha E., now Mrs. Whiteside, also live in the township. Jacob Gonterman, son of Henry Gonterman, a native of Germany, was born in Maryland, March 27, 1764. He moved with his parents to Shelby county, Kentucky, where he afterward married Hannah Stark, daughter of Jonathan Stark. They moved into Christian county, where ten children were born to them. They emigrated from Kentucky to Madison CDunty, and lauded here in the fall of 1816, and immediately located on section 20, where he began an im- provement. Shortly after his coming, he built on his place a horse-mill that was operated for many years. His oldest son, Caleb B., was born August 20, 1797, and was married to Elizabeth Miller, March 14, 1819. He resided in this township, and raised a family of nine children. For many years, in early times, he was captain of a militia company , and ever after he was known as Captain Gonterman. His death occurred September 11, 1861. C. B. Gonterman, Jr., his youngest child, lives in section 17. Rev. Thomas Ray, a Kentuckian, came in 1818, and settled in the northeast part of section 1 1 ; now the place of his daughter. He was a member of the Baptist church and one of the early preachers in this settlement. He was a successful farmer, and gathered about him a good deal of property ; he was twice married and raised two daughters by his second marriage : Adeline, now Mrs. John Keown, and Mary, now Mrs. Mary Fruit, of Edvvardsville. The old gentleman terminated his pilgrimage on his place, October 21, 1S54, in the eighty-first year of his age. James Pearce, a nephew of Joseph Bartlett, settled the H. Kuhn place, in section 21, in 1815, where he lived three years, and then located in the southern part of Leef town- ship. Alvis Hauskins came to the county in 1819, from Rutherford county, Tennessee, with his step father, Willorby Adams. He was then twelve years of age. In 1825, he began farming near Bethalto. In 1832, he entered a farm in section 10, where his sou, Elias, now lives. Here he built a cabin in the spring of 1832, and resided until 1863. He has been twice married and has raised a family of twelve children. The old gentleman, for some years, has been a transient resident; not claiming any special place as home. Elias Hauskins was born on the place where he now resides, in 1832. John Minter, from Kentucky, was one of the early settlers of the county. He first located in Montgomery county when he came to the state. He settled the place where John Minter, Jr. now lives, more than fifty years ago. The latter was born on this farm. The elder Minter lived here until his death. He raised a family of six children, four boys and two girls, five of whom are now living. Thomas and John are unmarried, and reside on the old homestead. James Tunnell was the fourth son of William and Mary Tunnel], of East Tennesse. In 1814 he was married to Dicy Hauskins, and in 1816 he came to Illinois with his family and became one of the pioneers of Fort Russell. He purchased land of Rev. William Jones, near Bethalto, which he afterward sold to W. Adams. His death occurred in 1825. His widow married Rev. Thomas Ray, of this county, in 1827. The family then became residents of Pin Oak township, where they continued to reside. Mr. Tunnell had two children: Nancy Elvira and William West. The for- mer married Levi Harnsberger. They have afaniily of three children living, viz.: Mary Jane, wife of Harrison Wood, now residing in St. Jacobs ; William Augustus, of Kansas City, and Charles E , residing with his parents at Green- castle. William West Tunnell was born February 23, 1824, in Madison county. He was married to Letitia McKee, February 7, 1850. He reared a family of eight children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Robert F., Ella F., wife of A. M. Ghost, of Denver, Colorado ; James E., Charles W. and Frank W., all of whom reside in Edwardsville. He died October 7, 1S65. Mrs. Tunnell was born July 1, 1833, and died January 4, 1874. Mathias Handlon, from Kentucky, came herewith George Kindler, about 1810, at the age of nineteen years. He sub- sequently married Miss Harriet Walker, and improved a place near Lamb's Point, where he remained several years. Upon leaving this locality, he settled in the southern part of Pin Oak, in the edge of the timber on the east side of section thirty-two, where he bought an improvement of a man named Burroughs. This was before 1825. He built the house and barn where his son George now lives in 1831, and resided there until his death in 1856 He left a widow and seven children, four girls and three boys. George and Walker, his sons, are farmers in the township. The elder Handlon was a Ranger in the war of 1812. He also went through the Black Hawk war. He was a successful farmer, and when he died left his family in good circumstances. Samuel McKitrick, a native of Ireland, was one of the early settlers in the southern part of the township. He bought an improvement on section twenty-eight before 1825. He after- wards improved the place where his son William now lives, and made it his home until his death. He raised a family, all now deceased except William and Elizabeth. The latter is now Mrs. James Montgomery. Edmond Fruit was boru in Randolph county, North Carolina, November 1st, 1786. When about sixteen years of age, his father, James Fruit, HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 447 went to Christian county, Kentucky, where he afterward died. Ediuond was married in that county to Miss Polly Gray, a native of South Carolina, who came to Kentucky with her parents when quite young. They had one child born to them in Kentucky, Cicero, who died a young man. In 1811, Mr. Fruit came to the Territory of Illinois, but on account of the Indian troubles returned to Kentucky. In 1817, he, in company with his two brothers, Enoch, and Alexander, and John Walker started west again. Coming to Illinois, the two brothers proceeded to what is now Missouri, because of the chances of its becoming a slave State. Walker lived here for some time, and then moved to Oregon. Mr. Fruit in the spring of 1818 located in the northeast corner of section nineteen, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in March, 181)1. Before the State was admitted into the Union, he was appointed by the Ter- ritorial Governor a justice of the peace, but he returned the commission, not accepting the office. In after years he was 11 member of the Board of County Commissioners. He improved a large farm. He was twice married, and reared a family often sons and five daughters that lived to become men and women. His second wife was Jane B. Robinson, a daughter of Alexander Robinson, of Bond county, Illinois. His sons were Cicero, Franklin, Washington, John, Perry, Jefferson, Enoch, William, James, and Henry. The daughters were Eliza, Amanda, Mary, Sarah, and Maggie. John and Jefferson are farmers in Hamel township. Mary, now the widow Wilson, resides in Edwardsville, and Maggie lives with her. Amanda married Jackson Hedges, and is DOW a widow living in Nebraska. James Keown was one of the early settlers of Olive town- ship. As early as 1830, he began an improvement on the southern township line of Pin Oak, in section thirty-five. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was in the engage- ment at New Orleans. He raised a large family, but only a few of his descendants now live in the county. Michael Dunn, who lives on section three, came to the county with his father, Patrick Dunn, in 1836, from Ireland. Patrick settled in Fort Russell township. In 1846, he went to Han- cock county, Illinois, where he remained only a short time, and then returned to Madison. He died at his son's a num- ber of years ago. When Michael Dunn settled the place where he now lives his cabin was among the first built out in the prairie. He bought one hundred and twenty-five acres of Andrew F. Young, at two dollars per acre. J. B. McKee, who lives on section three, is a descendant of one of the old families of Madison county. John McKee, Sr., a native of Kentucky, came to the county in 1816, with a family of eight children, viz. : James, John, Joseph, Paten, Samuel, ^lary, Lutitia, and Miram. James was killed when a young man by the falling of a limb, while chopping in the woods. John married ^lelinda Watt, daughter of James Watt, one of the early settlers of ]Madison county, and lived on his father's homestead place for a long time. His last years were spent in the neighborhood of Troy, where he died. Joseph married Emma Wright, daughter of James Wright, and improved a place south of his father's, on the same tract of land where Joseph McKee, Jr. , now lives. Paten married Miss West, daughter of Tilghraan AVest- For a number of years he was employed in the land ofl5ce. He afterwards improved a farm southwest of Elwardsville, known as the Ballard place. Subsequently he went to Belleville, Illinois, where he dieJ. Samuel married Miss Mary Tiiompson, daughter of Rev. Samuel Thompson, who was, for many years, a practicing physician in Eilwardsville, and who now lives in Kansas. Mary married William Watson, and Lu- titia became the wife of Robert McKee. John McKee, sen , lived many years in Edwardsville, and was the first register of the land office, which he held from 1816 to 1818. He then improved a good farm (now the George Kinder place), on the Troy road, south of Edwards- ville. He accumulated a large estate here, where he died more than half a century ago. His wife survived him many years, and afterward married Rev. John Barber, sen., a pio- neer Cumberland Presbyterian preacher. Robert McKee, a nephew of John McKee, sen , came to the county with his uncle John in 1816. He was at that time a young man, twenty-one or twenty-two years of age. He married Lutitia McKee soon after his coming here. He entered the southwest quarter of section 24, Edwardsville township, and immediately commenced the improvement of a farm, where he resided until his death. He was twice mar- ried, his second wife being Nancy Cornelison. He raised a family of five children by his first wife, three girls and two boys, viz : Mary Ann, who married Carroll Parkenson, and now lives in Wisconsin ; John, who married Julia Posey, now deceased; Margaret, who became the wife of Peter Par- kenson, now deceased ; Sarah A., who married John P. Me- Farland, and now lives in Iowa ; and James B., the young- est of the family, who was born in 1828. He married Miss Helen F. Ottwell, daughter of one of the prominent old residents of Madison. He located where he now re- sides in 1852, and has a finely improved farm. Robert McKee had a family of sis children by his second wife, viz : Lutitia, ^lirara, Jane, Joseph N., Robert, and Nancy M. Lutitia married William W.Tunnell, now deceased; Miram became the wife of Charles Faiigenroth, now deceased; Jane married Robert Kinder, and lives on the old home place ; Joseph N. is a farmer of Edwardsville township; Robert died at the age of twenty-two ; Nancy IM. married Thomas Jud}', of this township. Tho.s, J. Barusback, who improved one of the finest farms in the township, began his improve- ment in 1854. January 13, 1842, he was married to Misa Nancy J. Montgomery. His death occurred March 9th, 1880. He left a widow and a family of four children. William W. Barnsback, also a prominent farmer of the township, was born in the county, January 24th, 1813. He learned the blacksmith trade in Potosi, Missouri. He mar- ried Miss Nancy Watt, April 23, 1834. After his marriage, he started the improvement where his widow now lives ; he also opened a blacksmith shop here, and made a specialty of plows anil farm implements. It is said that he made the first iron mould-board plow that was used in this settlement. He worked at his trade here twenty-two years, where he continued to resiile until his death, which event occurred April 4th, 1872. He left a widow and f^ur chi'dren. 448 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Jacob Barnsback died Marcb 10th, 1861 ; was twice married, leaving a widow and eight children. Elias Hayes settled on section 25, northeast quarter, in an early day. Joseph Gaskill settled the J. H. Smith place, section 24, before 1830. Alfred Riggin settled on the same tract. Oliver Bolster settled the H. Bremermanu place, section 24. He owned a large tract of land here, and died in Ma- rine township in 1865, without rearing a family. ]\Iajor Geary settled the place where G. Loos now lives, section 13. He owned a large tract of land here, and when he died, left a large family, all of whom have since left the state. Many of his descendants are now living in Missouri. The last five settlers above mentioned located in the town- ship about the same time. Among the first Germans to locate in the township were : F. Schramm, old man Gusevelle, and John Eichmann. The first school was taught by a Mr. Atwater, in a small log building that stood on section 32. In the early times, school was kept in an abandoned cabin that stood near the cabin of James Keown, and on his land, in section 35. Among the early teachers were Thomas S. Waddle, who improved a farm on the same section, southeast quarter, where he died nearly forty years ago. His wife died about the same time, and they were buried in the same grave. A great many deaths occurred in the settlement, about this time, of a disease called by the early settlers " a plague." Mr. Waddle was one of the early justices of the peace, and served the county as commissioner. He was a Whig in po- litics, and a very influential citizen. None of the family or descendants now live in this settlement. There is quite a large colored settlement in the township. The first colored man, Robert Crawford, was located here by Governor Cole, who gave him a small farm situated in sec ion 9. Crawford was a preacher, and he induced others of his race to settle here. Michael Lee came and bought a small farm, now part of the Blair estate, where he resided until his death. Crawford afterward went to Montgomery county, where he died. Other early colored settlers were : Samuel Vanderburg, Henry Daugherty, and Thomas Sex- ton. They were generally honest and upright in their deal- ings. Henry Blair, the most successful, died in 1880, leav- ing quite a large estate. His widow and family live in the old place. This settlement increased steadily until it num- bered fully three hundred. It is now considerably dimin- ished. They built two churches on section 15, of the Meth- odist and Baptist denominations respectively. They have a separate school district, and conduct their own school, gen- erally employing colored teachers. The gentlemen whose names appear below, have served the township as supervisors : James B. McKee was elected 1876, and was in office one term. George Handlon, elected in 1877, served one term. D. A. Hagler was supervisor for 1878-79. James B. McKee was re-elected in 1879, and served one term. Alsey S. Smart, elected in 1880, held the office two terms. Elias Hauskius was elected in 1882, and is the present incumbent. BIOGRAPHIES. 0'^yi'-<^ ./2/i/^ '^d^^ £l^x uiy)^J^a.o^_ The Barnsback family is of Genuaii ancestry. George Frederick Julius Bereuback was boru iu Osterode, Ger- many, July 2od, 1781, and emigrated to the United States in the year 171I7, touching first at Philadelphia, from whence he soon removed to Kentucky. He was united in marriage with Mary, daughter of Thomas Minter, about the year 1807, and from thence removed with his family to St. Clair county, Illinois iu 1809 — there being but two counties, St. Clair and Randolph, organized within the limits of the State at that tim3. In the year 1840 Mr. B. changed the ortho- graphy of his name to Barnsback, since which the family retained it in that manner. His family consisted of ten children, as follows : Jacob J., born April 21st, 1808 ; George J., born Blarch 2d, 1810, and who died November 21st, 1839 ; William J., born January 24th, 1813, died April 4th, 1872; Johu J., boru April 10th, 1815; Thomas J., born March 29th, 1817 ; Hannah J , born July 18th, 1819, and married to Siiadrach Gillham June 20th, 1837. Hen- rietta J., born December 10th, 1821, and died August 7th, 1823; Marinnna J., born April 7th, 1824, and died Janu- ary 13th, 1839. Julius J., born May 14th, 1826, and Isa- bella J., born January 4th, 1829, and married to Jeremiah Job in the year 1846. The children and grandchildren of the family above given, now make a large proportion of the population of Madison county. Thomas J. Barnsback chose for life-partner Nancy J., daughter of William Montgomery, and sister of Nelson Montgomery; they were married January 13th, 1842. Their family consisted of six children : John, who was born Janu- ary 27th, 1844, and died June 6th, 1845 ; Sarah Elizabeth, born October 22d, 1846, was married to William W. Jarvis, now a prominent citizen of Troy, in this county, December 18U7; Julia Ann was born April 6th, 1850, and married Frederick W. Wolf, November 25th, 1868, and reside near 419 450 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Edwardsville, in this county ; Jeremiah, boru August 18th, 1851, and died January 20th, 1853; Lucy Jane was born December 21st, 1854, and Fannie was born March 7th, 1860. Thomas J. Barnsback died March 9, 1880. In his life he was more than ordinarily successful, and by his superior judgment and good management succeeded in acquiring a large jjroperty. He took a great interest in stock raising, and in breeding fine stock, and in that particular did the county much good. He belonged to the enterprising class of citizens; was public-s])iiited ; and enterprises that had for their object the advancement of the material in- terests of the county, always found in him an active friend. He was adverse to speculation of any character, but was devoted to his occupation as a farmer and stock raiser. As a citizen he was much respected. All unite in saying that in every transaction he was honest, upright and hon- orable to a fault. JOHN H. SMITH Was born in Frederick county, Virginia, January 26th, 1827. His father, James Christopher Smith, who was a na- tive of same county, went with his father, Christopher, to Ohio about 1828, and there died. James C, his son, moved to Holmes county, same state, in 1829, and in 1839 went to Lawrence county, Indiana. In the fall of the same year he came to Effingham county, Illinois. One year later he went to Clay county, which was his home until January 13, 1843, when he died. He married Elizabeth Tewalt, a native of Frederick county, Va. She died in November, 1843. There were eight children by that marriage, five sons and three daughters. Five children are yet living. John H., the subject of this sketch, is the third in the family. He was raised on the farm, and received his education in the common schools, which ceased when he was twelve years of age. Mr. Smith remained at home until 1847, then went to St. Louis, and in January following, 1848, came to Madi- son county, and stopped in the town of Alhambra, where he and W. W. Pierce hunted game for the St. Louis market. The next spring he came down to the part of the country where he now lives, and worked on a farm, first for seven, and afterwards for ten dollars per month. He soon after bought one hundred and sixteen acres on Smart's Prairie, forty acres of which were improved, and continued there un- til January, 1853, then sold the farm and bought one hun- dred and ten acres in section twenty-four of Pin Oak town- ship. The latter was slightly improved, and had on it a small log cabin, and there he has lived ever since. He has built a large, fine dwelling-house, barns and out-houses, and has now a beautiful place, as will be seen on another page of this work. On the 23d of August, 1849, he married Miss Maria Smart, daughter of Henry and Sally Smart, old settlers of Madison county. Henry Smart was a native of North Caro. liua, and Mrs. Smart of Kentucky. Mrs. Smith was born near where she yet lives. Twelve children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, eight of whom are living. Their names in the order of their birth are : James H., who mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Boliger ; Martha Jane, wife of F. M. Bartlett ; "William A., married Miss Elvina Shadrick ; Sid- ney L., married Miss Julia Dietz ; Mary Alice, Itha Ra- chael, John A., and Narcissa E. Smith. Those that are married live in the township, and the others are yet at home. Mrs. Smith is a member of the Baptist church. Politically Mr. Smith has been a Democrat since 1852, when he cast his vote for Franklin Pierce for President. He is an hon- ored member of the order of A. F. and A. M., and belongs to Troy Lodge No. 588. He has been reasonably successful in life, all of which is owing to his industry and energy. He is a good man and much respected in his neighborhood. CALEB B. GONTERMAN. The Gonterman family, on the paternal side, is of German ancestry. Henry Gonterman, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Germany. Caleb B., the father, who was better known as Capt. Gonterman, was born in Kentucky. He came with his father, whose name was Jacob, to Illinois, in 1818, and settled in what is now known as Pin Oak township, and there entered and bought land, and followed the occupation of farming until his death. The latter event occurred in September, 1861. He married Miss Elizabeth Miller, daughter of Michael Miller, of Mon- roe county, Illinois. She died in 1848. He afterward married Mrs. Gillenwaters nee Hall. She is also dead. By the first marriage there were five sons and four daughters, six of whom have survived the parents. Caleb B. is the youngest of the family ; he was born in section 27, in Pin Oak town- ship, Madison county, Illinois, October 1st, 1834. He grew to manhood on the farm, and remained in the county to the present time, except two years, when he was absent in Ohio. In 1858 he bought eighty acres of land in Marine Prairie, and farmed it for eight years, then sold out and purchased the land where he now resides. It was slightly improved, but all the buildings, (of which there is a large and com- modious farm-house on the place), have been erected by him. There he has resided since 1866. On the 22d of December, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Lydia, daughter of Jesse and Nancy Bartlett, old and prominent settlers of Madison county. She was born in Madison county. May 16, 1837. The Bartletts were among the first settlers in the county. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gonterman three children, whose names are Thomas E., Jessie O. and Laura A. Gonterman. Mr. Gonterman has been a staunch Democrat since 1856, when h'e cast his first vote, which was given for James Buchanan for Presi- dent. The Gontermans, as will be seen by the foregoing, belong to the pioneer families of Illinois. Several genera- tions have been born and passed away since they came to Illinois. They were all, in their occupations, wedded to the soil, and were then, as they are now, among the substantial farmers of the county. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 451 ^ <14je ' /%iAtZZl Was a native of Madison county, born February 5, 1810. He was the son of Jesse Bartlett, who was one of the pioneers of the state. Here he grew to manhood, and May 12, 1831, married Nancy Ann, daughter of Daniel E and Sarah (In- gram) Adams, who died May 21, 1855. In May, 1857, he married his second wife, whose name was Sophia Stallings. By the first marriage ten children were born, whose names are given in the order of their birth : Joseph, who married Nancy Ann Whiteside, by which union there are five sons and one daughter ; Daniel, who is dead. He married Sarah Elizabeth Sappington, and left three children. Lydia is the wife of Caleb B. Gonterman, and they have three chil- dren. William R. is dead. He married Mexana Green, and left six children. Sarah, wife of Elias Hauskins, who has four children. Nancy Catherine has been thrice married, lately to William Seuacer. She has two children living by her former husbands. Martha Elizabeth, wife of Frede- rick W. Berger, who have four children. Rhoda Adeline, who is the wife of William S. Judy. They have three chil- dren. Jesse Allen, died in his fifth year, and John in his infancy. By the second marrriage of Mr. Bartlett there were seven children, whose names are : Anna Eliza, James JI., Austin (dead), George Sherman, Lincoln S., Charles F., and Mar- tin E. The latter three are also dead. Mr. Bartlett remained in Madison county until August, 1870, when he removed to Chariton county, Missouri, and there remained until his death, January 11, 1873. His body was brought back, and now lies interred in the old burial ground on the old home- stead. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, and was first lieutenant of a company. 452 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS WILLIAM MAY Was bora in Bavaria, Germany, March 3, 1833. He came to America in 1847, with his father, Valentine Maj; landed at New Orleans ; came up the river to St. Louis, and in April of the same year came to Madison county, and settled one mile north of Marine, where he bought land, and lived until his death, which occurred August 2, 1878. He mar- ried Catharine Steg, a native of Bavaria; she died in 1860. There were thirteen children, seven of whom are living ; William is the eldest He remained at home until his twenty-third year. He then followed teaming for a few years. In 1856 he bought eighty acres of land in section 24 of Pin Oak township, and the next year moved on it and commenced its improvement. To that eighty he has added until he now has about seven hundred acres of as fine land as there is in the township. All of it is improved, with fine buildings. A view of the place can be seen on another page. On the 13th of February, 1856, he married Elizabeth Wid- mar, a native of Bavaria, born October 22, 1833. She came to America in 1835. Thirteen children were born to tbem— twelve living. Their names and births are given : William, born April 26, 1857; Lena, July 28, 1858; Henry, March 25, 1860 ; Otto, November 17, 1861 ; Emma, born September 23, 1864, died September 14, 1865; Anna, born December 27, 1867 ; Mina, November 7, 1869 ; Louise, July 17, 1871; Karl, April 29, 1873; Albert, March 15, 1875; Daniel, March 24, 1877 ; Leo, January 9, 1880. Both Mr. and Mrs. May are members of the Presbyterian church. He has. been a Republican since 1856, at which time he cast his vote for John C Fremont. He is one of the represen. tative farmers of Madison county, and one of its most successful ones. ELIAS HAUSKINS, Was born in section ten, in Pin Oak township, ^Madison county, Illinois, March 15, 1832. He is the son of Alvas Hauskins, who was born in Rutherford county, Tennesee, March 16, 1807, and who came with his father to Illinois in 1819, and settled in Pin Oak township in this county on the place where he still resides. On the 18th of December, 1828, he married Sarah Lawrence She died in 1860. On Feb- ruary 15, 1863, he married Mrs. Lydia W. Rathburn nee Smith. She died in 1874. By the first marriage there were twelve children, eleven of whom survived the mother- Three of the sons were soldiers in the late war. Thomas en- listed in company I, 9th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and veteranized with his regiment, and was mustered out and honorably discharged at the close of the war. He was twice wounded, and at the battle of Pittsburg Landing was taken prisoner. James Hauskins enlisted in 1862, and went through the war. Edward, another brother, enlisted during the last year of the war. It will be seen that the family are of patriulic stock. In 1832,Mr. Hauskins entered one hundred and sixty acres of land ; it is the same on which the subject of this article now resides. Elias is to the manor born. He was raised upon the farm, and attended the subscription schools in the winter months. He remain- ed home until he was of age, then he visited the land on which he now lives, and continued to lease and farm it un- til 1870, when he bought it and has made his home there to the present time. On the 25th of February, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Cornelia Stevenson, who was born in Howard county, Missouri. She was the daughter of Augustus Ste- venson. She died, February 16, 1865. On the 4th of Feb- ruary, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Sally Bart- lett, daughter of Jesse Bartlett, one of the oldest settlers of Madison county. She was born in Pin Oak township, in this county. By the first marriage there were three chil- dren, whose names are Sally, Charles, and Fanny Hau- skins. By the latter marriage there are four children living. Their names are Jesse Alvas, (Belle died in her eighth year), Mary, Katie, and Jacob Hauskins. Both he and his estimable wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Politically Mr. Hauskins is a Republican. He was op- posed to slavery and early espoused the cause of human freedom, and in 1856 when the party was formed which was opposed to that institution he joined its rank.?, and cast his vote for John C. Fremont. From that time to the pre- sent, he has been an active and consistent member of that political organization. He has beeu frequently honored by hi-i fellow citizens with offices of local trust, and at present represents his township in the Board of Supervisors. The Haii.-skins family is an old one in this county. They are of E igli^h aud Irish ancestry. They came to America prior to the Revolution and the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch took pj,rt in that memorable struggle. They are also an old family in this county. They came here while it was yet a frontier State, helped to subdue the wilderness and make this country a fit habitation for the people of the present. In the early Indian wars they took part. Lucien the uncle of Elias was a soldier in the Black Hawk war of 1831-32. It is with pleasure that we record these brief remarks, and give an outline sketch o f the Hauskins' family. ALSEY S. SMART. The Smart family are of English ancestry. Peter Smart, the great-grandfather of the subject of the sketch, was a native of the Carolinas, aud was born February 7, 1730. He had two sons, named Laban and Amos Smart, both of whom were soldiers in the Revolutionary war, and were with Gen. Morgan at the memorable battle of the Cowpens. The present Smart family are the descendants of Laban Smart, who was born November 9, 1758. He married Susanah Simmons in North Carolina, by whom he had ten children, one of whom was Henry B., the father of Alsey S. He was born in Chatham county, N. C, August 25, 1800, and came with his parents to Kentucky in 1806, where they remained until 1816, then moved to the territory of Illinois, and settled in Madison county, in what is now known as Jarvis township, where the father of Alsey afterward HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 453 entered land, improved a farm and made his home until his death, which took place January 22, 1882. He proftssed religion, joined the regular Baptist church, and lived in full communion with that Christian organization during life, and died in the belief and full faith, that he would meet his Redeemer in the world beyond. He was one of the pio- neers of the State, and the prairie known as " Smart's Prairie' ' took its name from the family, as they were the first actual settlers in that section of the county. He married Sally Thompson on November 9, 1826. She was the daughter of Henry and Mary (Ray) Thompson, who were natives of Kentucky. The Rays were among the pioneers of Ken- tucky, and were companions of Daniel Boone. Mrs. Smart's parents died while she was yet in her infancy, and she was brought to Illinois by her uncle. Elder Tliomas Ray, in 1818, and was living in this township when married to Mr. Smart. She died in 1879. There were eight chddren, the offspring of that union. Their names are, Alsey S., Maria, wife of John H. Smith, i\Iartha E., the widow of Samuel White- side, Henry A., Itha J., wife of B. P. Harris, of Chetopa, Kansas. Lucy married Alexander Taylor, died and left five children. Alsey S., the subject of this sketch, is the eldest of the family. He was born in " Smart's Prairie, " Madison county, Illinois, September 23, 1827. In his youth he was in delicate health, and was weak physically, and in conse- quence it was thought he would be unable to perform manu- al labor, and was therefore sent to school, and therein gain- ed a better education than usually fell to the lot of boys in his days. When the gold excitement broke out in Califor- nia in 1849, he in company with a number of others made the trip across the plains and mountains in ox carts to the land of gold. Mr. Smart remained in California for two )'ears mining gold That change of life and roughing it had the effect of hardening up his constitution, and he re- gained his health and robust form. In 18ol he returned home by the Isthmus of Panama ; here he re-engaged in farming on the place where he now lives, and there has made his home, quietly engaged in agricultural pursuits, and stock raising until the present. On the 7th of December 1854, he married Miss Rhoda Giger, daughter of Joseph and Nancy (McAdams) Giger. She died July 25, 1862, leaving two children named, Jerusha, wife of George Anderson, and Sally Smart. On the 20th of October, 1864, he married Miss Mary Joslyn, a native of Greene county, Illinois. She died August 10, 1874, leaving one child, named, Henry W. Smart. In matters of religious belief Mr. Smart is inclined to be liberal. He is a respected member of the Masonic fraterni- ty, and belongs to Troy lodge, No. 588. Politically he has always voted the Democratic ticket upon State or national occasions. He has represented the township in the Board ' of Supervisors. In 1877 he was elected one of the Justices of the Peace, w^as re-elected, and is now serving his third term. Mr. Smart is one of the old settlers of the county, and like them he is a plain, unassuming, honest man, striving to do his duty to his fellow men, and live a life that will be marked by no act that would condemn him in the estima- tion of his fellow citizens. --gstt^^^t^ COLLIlSrSVILLE. :HE history of the early settlement and subsequent progress and development of the township and city of Collinsville, present many features that are interest- ing. It is one of the southern tier of townships, bounded on the North by Edwardsville, East by Jarvis, South by St. Clair county, and West by Nameoki. The surface is divided between uplands and bottom, the former being about two- thirds, to one-third of the latter. The bluffs, which form a chain running almost due north and south, across the ■western part of the toAvnship, are very irregular in size and shape. In many places they are very rugged, and in others, gracefully sloping into the bottom lands. Su- gar Loaf Mound is the most prominent point on the bluffs in this township. It is cone-shaped, rising to a considerable height, and is supposed to be the work of the mound builders. The territory is well drained by Cantine and Cahokia creeks and their numerous tributaries. These streams also furnish an abundance of water for stock and manufacturing purposes. Originally much of the surface of this township was covered with a heavy growth of timber, most of which has been cleared and replaced with finely improved farms, yet there remains enough along the variou.^ streams for all local demands. The fertility of the celebrated American Bottom, is 90 widely known, that it is needless to mention it here. The soil on the upland is of a lighter character, though as rich and productive as any in the county. 454 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. FIBST SETTLEMENTS. Epiiraim Conner, was the first American settler in Madi- son couuty, and Collinsville ha^ the honor of having had this individual locate within her borders. This settlement was made early in the year 1800, and was twenty miles in advance of other settlements. Conner was a squatter, and one year later, in 1801, Samuel Judy purchased his im- provements and settled on the place. This is known as claim number 338, made by Sir. Judy. It lies partly in T. 3, K. 8, and partly in T. 4, R. S, the residence being in section 5 of T. 3, R. 8 or Collinsville. Samuel Judy, born Aug. 19tb, 1773, was a son of Jacob Judy a native of Switzerland, who settled in Kaskaskia in 1788. The elder Judy, was a gunsmith by trade. He resided at Kaskaskia foui years' and then moved to the New Design settlement in Monroe county. He had a very early mill, which was patronized by settlers ev^n from a great distance. He died at his mill seat in 1807. Samuel Judy, then a lad of fifteen years, came with his fiither to Illinois, and became a hardy, resolute pioneer and a conspicuous, honorable and enterprising citizen. In his youth he was ever ready to enter into any campaign against the Indians, and in many of those desperate conflicts Gov. Reynolds says he proved himself to be the " bravest of the brave. " In the frontier troubles during the war of 1812 he was always actively employed in the service. He was in command of a company of spies in the campaign un- der Gov. Edwards, in 1812, against the Indians, also in the year following he was Captain of a company in the army under Gen. Howard. In all of his military services he was active and efiicient, and at the same time prudent and, cau- tious. In the fall of 1812 he was elected to the legislative council of the Illinois territory. This being the first legisla- ture that convened under the Territorial Government, was necessarily an important assembly. This position he held for four years, and was an excellent member. He was elected to the office of County Commissioner for many years. Col. Judy was a very energetic man, and improved a large plantation and became wealihy. He manufactured the first brick, and erected the first brick house in Madison county. This was built in 1808, and is located just within the limits of Collinsville township, on the line dividing sections 5 and 6. It is a two story house, and can still be seen in good con- dition. He was married to Miss Margaret Whiteside, sister of General Samuel Whiteside, and reared a large family. Their children were as follows : Jacob, who married a daugh- ter of Wm. B. Whiteside, May 16th, 1797, was Register of the Land Office at Edwardsviile, and died IMay 15, 1850, in Weston, Mo., of which place he had long been a resident. Sarah Judy was born August 21st, 1800, and married Ambrose Nix; she died January 14th, 1852. Samuel Judy, Jr., was born September, 1801, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Stephen Whiteside; they settled in Green county. Ills, and he died there about 1870. Thomas Judy was born December 19th, 1804. Nancy was first married to Moses Whiteside, son of Wm. B. AVhiteside; she nest married John Owens ; her third husband was Thomas Grant; she is yet living, and enjoying the evening of her days among her children and many friends. Kathcriue died at the age of seventeen or eighteen years, just entering woman- hood. Margaret was first married to John McGaughey and next to Moses Barber ; she is now dead. After a long and very useful life. Col. Samuel Judy died January 12th, 1838. Further mention of this family is made in the chapters on Pioneer and Civil History in this work. In 1802, there were several additional settlements made, including the Whitesides, Robert, Samuel and Cyrus Sey- bold, Grotts and others. The heads of these families were all brave, hardy pioneers, who had already been in the country for many years and who were accustomed to a fron- tier life. Robert Seybold and Grotts were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The country was then exposed to Indians, not entirely friendly to the whites, and it required the most fearless man and womaa to brave the dangers and hai-dships of the frontier. The Dennis and Van Meter murder had recently occurred in this neighborhood and the settlers were distrustful of the Indians. In the winter of 1802, " Turkey Foot, an evil-disposed and cruel chief of a band of Pottawatomie Indians, while returning home from Cahokia to their towns toward Chicago, met Alexander Den- nis and John Van Meter, at the foot of the Mississippi bluff, about five miles southwest of the present town of Edwards- viile. The country contained, at that day, very few inhab- itants above Cahokia ; and Turkey Foot, seeing the Ameri- cans extending their settlement towards his country, caught fire at the spectacle, and killed those two men." As above stated, this depredation must have occurred in the north- west corner of this townships In 1803 Samuel and Joel Whiteside settled and made a claim in the northeastern portion of the township. The Whitesides were a firm and intrepid faruily, and were among the most noted men engaged in Indian warfare in Illinois. For many years the name Whiteside struck terror among the red skins. Their progenitors were of Irish descent, reared on the frontiers of North Carolina. The old patri- archs, William and .John, were soldiers in the Rev^Jutionary war, and acted well their part in that struggle. These two brothers came to Illinois in 1793 and settled at New Design- They reared large families and many of their descendants are living in the West. Samuel and Joel Whiteside made the fir.«t improvements on the uplands in this township. Samuel Whiteside rose to considerable distinction in the frontier wars, and was promoted to Brigadier General. The Whitesides are mentioned more fully in other portions of this work. We give below the numbers and names of a few claims made in this township. The original claimant of claim 602, was Peter Casterline. It lies mostly in section 32 just west of Collinsville. Casterline settled here soon after 1800, and re- sided here for some time. Claim 1061 was made by John Whiteside, consisting of 100 acres, mostly in sections 1 and 2. Claim 600 was made by Levi Piggot, and contained 100 acres. This lies mostly in section 29. Piggot was an old resi- dent of St. Clair county. Francis Louval made claim number 331, consisting of 10) acres. This claim includes the military claim of William Young Whiteside, M30, and is located in the northwestern part of the township. Henry Cook settled it Claim 338 was made by .Samuel Judy, 100 acres. There HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 455 were four claims located here together, apparently about 1830. Claim 1653 was made by Isaac West. This was surveyed about 1802, and is in section 19. West was an actual settler and had considerable improvements in 1802, and continued to reside on this place until 1812, when he sold out to William Rabb. The south boundary of the township was surveyed in December 1807, by John Messenger, the east boundary in January 1808, and in May 1810, the township was surveyed and sub divided into sections. A Frenchman by the name of Da Lorm, from Cahokia, settled in the southwestern part of the township, not far from Cantine creeek in 1804. The Indians having become less hostile, several new settlements were made before 1812, when they again became troublesome, which somewhat re- tarded immigration, and caused some of the French settlers to remove to their villages. The first laud in this township was entered August 22d, 1814, by John Turner. It consisted of 160 acres, iu section 25. September 15th, 1814, William Gillham entered 253 acres in section 8. September 23d, 1S14, David Gaskill enter- ed 161 acres in section 13. liobert McMahan entered 159 acres in section 13, August 2-J, 1814. September 5th, 1814, Micajah Cox entered 80 acres in section 5. Sept. 28th, 1814, Michael Healy entered W. ^, S. E. i of section 11, 80 acres. Section 16, reserved as school land, was sold in 1837. In 1813, Abner Kelly, Josiah, William, Andrew and John Wallace with their families, settled under the bluffs. The Wallaces soon removed to the Marine settlement, and subsequently went to Boonville, Missouri. Kelly located in the northern part of section 20, near the Sugar Loaf Mound, where he remained for a short time, and removed to the eastern side of the township. He reared a family of seven children. Mrs. Elizabeth Muirhcid, residing with her son, William Terry, in Colliusvillc, is the only one now living. She is sixty-nine years of age. Michael Squiers settled on section 28, on the Stephen Johnson place, as early as 1814. He had three sons, Amos, Joseph and Wates, but none of the descendants of this family are now living in the neighborhood. Michael Squiers was the first person buried in the Connellsville Cemetery. John Hadley was born in Maryland in 1776, of English parents, and when a young man went to Kentucky, where he married a lady by the name of Guthrie. This family came from Virginia, and settled in Madison county at a very early date. Iq 1817, Mr. Hadley removed with his family to Illinois, and settled on Pleasant Ridge, in this township, June 20th of that year. He was a volunteer in the ranging service of 1812. He reared a family of children, who grew up and settled around him. Of his sons, James, Dempsey, and William, only one, William, is now living. Dempsey died here, and James died in Missouri, whence he moved a few years ago. William Hadley was born in Kentucky in 1806, and is well known to many of the citizens of the county. He is a Methodist minister, and was among the early preachers in Madison. At present he is living at Carbon- dale in this State, while members of his family are still residents of the county. John Williamson, a native of Virginia, came here from Tennessee with his wife and three children, one son and two daughters, in 1819. He purchased of Michael Squiers 100 acres of land in the S. E. } of section 28, where he resided till his death in October 1828. Mrs. Stephen Johnson, who is a step-daughter of Mr. Williamson, is the ouly one of this family living. She is iu her seventieth year, still hale and hearty. David Morgan settled where William Combs now lives, about 1817. A Mr. Bennett, Abraham Clapole, Mathews, MoflTatt and Richard Muirheid, settled under the bluffs west of Collinsville, before 1820. Muirhei 1 died there. Stephen Johnson arrived in Madison county in 1818. He was present at the treaty made by the Com- missioners of the United States, with the Kickapoo Indians, at EJwardsville, August 6.h, 1819. Jlr. Johnson was a carpenter by trade. He located in Collinsville about 1829, where he married the stepdaughter of John William- son, above mentioned. After the close of the war of 1812, and treaties of peace had been made with the Indians, the county began rapidly to fill up with emigrants from many of the southern States, and CjUinsville received her share of these settlers. In a short time the rattle of the saw and grist mills was heard ; the rude log and pole cabins of the pioneers were replaced with larger and more comfortable frame buildings ; schools and churches were established, and a country that a few years before was a vast wilderness, inhabited only by wild beasts and the fiercer red man, was changed to a civilized and highly improved region. The following named parties were also among the older settlers: William Hall, Philip Teter, Robert Rundle, Syl- vanus Gaskill, John Conoway, Richard Long, George Arm- strong Luther Drury, Mr. Revis, Lewis Scandlin, Hampton McKinney, Benjamin Johnson, William Wagner, James Hutchinson, Jacob Swigart and some of the Lemens. Guy Morrison was also an early settler, and a very large land- owner at one time in this township. John A. Cook was prominent among the later settlers. He was a native of Virginia, and came to this state about 1833 or 1834. He was married to Mrs. Lucinda Bowman, a daughter of Rev. James Lemen, of St. Clair county, April 18, 1836. She was the widow of Samuel Bowman, of Green county, a cap- tain in the Black Hawk war, who was shot through the body by the Indians, on the 2J of August. 1832, in the final bloody contest with that savage chieftain, in this state. In April, 1836, Mr. Cook purchased of Ezra Post the cortheast quarter of section 23, and in August of the same year he sold the same to John L. Clark, and bought of Andrew Waddle the northeast quarter of section 1, where he re- sided until his death, July 15, 1869, in the si.\tieth year of his age. His wife, Lucinda, died August 25, 1867, in the fifty-third year of her age. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom but four survive. John L. Clark was also an early settler The late John Ander- son, born in New Jersey in 1793, and a patriot of the war of 1812, came west and located in the Marine settle- j ment, Madison county, in 1820. He subiequently became 1 a resident of this township, where he died April 11, 4r>6 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 1875. J. J. Renfro, residing in section 24, was born in Madi-iou county in 1830. His wife, Nancy E. Gas- kill, was born in this county in 1839. Fielding Wool- ridge, a native of Kentucky, settled in the county in 1830. Hon. D. D. Collins, a native of Portland, Maine, a retired farmer, residing on section 27, came to the county in 1843. His wife, whose maiden name is Anderson, was born in Madison county in 1826. Mr. Collins was an associate judge of the county for several years, and is among the pro- minent and respected citizens of Collinsville. John Ander- son, late husband of Mrs. M. L. Anderson, residing on section 23, was a native of New Jersey, and settled in the county in 1822. The above named parties are among the oldest settlers now living in the township. EAI5LY MILLS. The first .settlers in Collinsville experienced much incon- venience in milling ; they were frequently compelled to travel many miles with ox-teams or on horseback, to have their grists ground, and then often waited several days for their turn. One of the nearest mills was that of Judy's, in Monroe county. The earliest mills were very rude affairs, propelled by ox or horse power, a full description of which can be seen in the Pioneer chapter. About the first mill in this region was that of Talbott's, on Cantine creek, just south of Collinsville. It was first propelled by horse- power, and subsequently by water. Col. Samuel Judy, and others also, had horse-mills. About 1812 Isaac West sold his claim to William Eabb, who in the spring of 1S13 erected a large four-story frame water-mill, with a run of three or four burrs. It was pro- pelled by the water of Cahokia creek, on the banks of which it was located, about a quarter of a mile west of where School creek empties. It was a merchant mill, quite exten- sive for those days. The flour is said to have been of an excellent quality, and found a good market in St. Louis, New Orleans and other southern'cities. Mr. Rabb also had a store, with a complete stock of general goods. He was a German, and a man of considerable ability and prominence. He was elected in 1814 to represent Madison county in the third Territorial Legislature, and held other important positions. In 1820 Mr. Rabb sold his property and business interests to Joseph Hertzogg, who added to it a distillery. Hertzogg continued the business for several years, until his death. Many of the older citizens remember Hertzogg's mill. Dempsey Guthrie, who settled about two miles northeast of Collinsville, operated a horse-mill that was in existence in 1818. A Mr. Pickern erected a saw and grist mill in 1825, on Cantine creek, south of Collinsville, which after operating several years, he sold to Luther Drury, and it subsequently passed through several hands. SCHOOLS. In 1804 or 1805, a school was taught in a log cabin on Peter Casterline's place, about a mile west of the present site of Collinsville. The teacher was one James Eradsbury, ■who continued at this point about one year. The school was attended by children from all the neighboring settlements. It is related that many grown men and women sought Mr. Bradbury's instruction in learning their A, B, C's. This was undoubtedly the first public school in Madison county. In 1812 a school was taught in Samuel Judy's door. yard, by Eli^ha Alexander. A Mr. Thompson taught there in 1813, and the year following was succeeded by Mr. Yancy, and after him, in 1816, came Mr. Enlow, who taught a term of six months. Benaiah Robinson, a pupil of Eulow's, finished the unexpired term of the school. There were several log cabin schools in this township, but little of their history can be gleaned. They were all sub- scription schools ; the teacher " boarded around." At this wiitingthe several districts have large and well furnished school-houses, where school is taught the greater part of the year. * This township has been represented in the Board of Supervisors by B. R. Hite, ever since township organization in 1876. PLEASANT RIDGE, located in the centre of section 10, is entirely a German set- tlement. Henry and William Blum were the first settlers. It is surrounded by a beautiful rolling prairie, adorned with rich and finely improved farms, occupied principally by thrifty Germans. The little village contains a general store and saloon, kept by Chirles Anacker ; blacksmith shop, by John C. Shoettle, and a shoemaker, Frederick Nordmaier. The Lutheran society have a fine brick church and school- house, in which is taught a parochial school. THE TEN MILE HOUSE, is a general store and saloon, located on the St. Louis road in section 6 of this township. CONFIDENCE COAL AND MINING COMPANY. This mine is situated two and one-half miles north-east of Collinsville, on the line of the Vandalia railroad. The shaft was sunk in the spring of 1870, by Seybt, Bandelier & Co. In the fall of 1870, the mine was leased to ,the Bartlett Coal and Mining Co., and it was extensively worked by them until the spring of 1873, when they forfeited their lease and Seybt, Bandelier & Co., began operating it and have continued to the present. The depth of the shaft is 219 feet to the surface of the coal, and the vein will average seven feet. The mine is 0{>erated by machinery, run by compressed air. They employ 50 men, and the average amount of coal raised is eighteen car loads per day. The company have in all eighteen buildings including the tipple house, office, boarding houses and dwellings. Most of the dwellings are situated on the blufi"s a short distance east of the mine. HEINTZVILLE is a new town, surveyed and platted in the fall of 1880, by Walter Rutledge, for J. L. Heintz, the proprietor. The plat contains about ten acres in the S. E. quarter of S. E. quarter of section 27. It was named in honor of the pro- * See Oiapter on Common Schools. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 457 prietor, an energetic and go-ahead gentleman. It contains at this writing twenty two houses, twenty-six families and about 150 population, quite a rapid growth for two years. The business interests are one store, a blacksmith shop, zinc works, coal mine and stone quarry. The Stone Quarry is located on blufl's on the south side of the Vandalia railroad which passes through the village. The rock is a hard grey limestone, which makes an excellent material for foundation and building purposes. There were about 500 perches quarried in 1881, and the proprietor in- tends working it more extensivtly the coming year. It is owned and operated by J. L. Heintz. Heintz Bluff Mine was sunk in 1876, by J. L. Heintz. It is 165 feet to the surface of the coal, and the vein will average from seven and one-half to eight feet in thickness. July 1st, 1881, Mr. Heintz sold the mine to J. H. Wicklitfe, who is now operating it with Mr. Heintz as superintendent- The mine employs about 65 men and raises about 90,000 bushels of coal per month. CITY OF COLLINSVILLE. This is the largest and most important place ou the line of the Vandalia Railroad, in Madis-m .county. It is ten miles east of St. Louis, and about twelve miles south of the county seat, in the heart of a rich agricultural and coal re- gion. Coal mining and manufacturing are the chief inter- ests of the place. The original town plat was laid out by the representatives of Wm. B. Collins, deceased, Joseph L. Darrow and Ho- race Look. It constituted a part of the N. E. i of thirty- three, jind a part of the X. W. i of section thirty-four, of three-eight or Collinsville township. The plat was recorded in the office of county clerk May 12, 1837. Since this date there have been seventeen additions made to the plat. The first settler on the present site of Collinsville was John A. Cook, who entered land,, erected a log cabin, and made some improvements in the eastern part of section thirty four, about 1816. "In 1817 three brothers, Augus- tus, Anson and Michael Collins, from Litchfield, Connecti- cut, purchased the premises of Mr. Cook, and immediately commenced improvements. They soon erected a distillery, of logs, with two s' ills— one of thirty gallons' and the other of sixty gallons' capacity — a frame store-house, a large, double-decked ox-grist and saw mill, cooper, blacksmith, wagon and carpenter shops, tan yard, and several dwellings. Thus was laid the foundation of the present city of Collins- ville. To this place these brothers first gave the name Unionville, which was subsequently changed to its present name." The following letter from the pen of the late Rev. Thomas Lipjiincott, gives a good description of the place at the time of his visit : " I think it was in the winter of 1820-21, that I went in company with Major William H. Hopkins to the southern part of the county ; and visited a place of business enter, prise that even then had begun to attract attention. These were mills — saw mill and flour mill — driven by horses or oxen, a distillery, a store, a tan yard, and a shoemaking shop, all carried on by five brothers who had con)e from Litchfield, Connecticut, and were united in the enterprise. I do not know if they had then laid out a village, which they called Unionville, but they did so then or afterwards. At the time of this visit I only saw one of the brothers, who was at work on a large frame house — large, even now — which they were erecting preparatory to the coming of their venerable parents and sisters. The names of the.se brothers were Augustus, Anson, Michael, William B.,and Frederick Collins. A noble band of brothers. While actively and energetically driving their business in the most economical and profitable way, and rapidly accumulating wealth, they were far from being unmindful of the higher interests, so- cial and spiritual, of themselves and those around them. One of their fir^t cares was the erection of a commodious (for those days) and well arranged place of worship ; which also served the purpose of a school-house. Only one of the brothers, Augustus, was then married. In due time thrte others became so. William B. Collins married a daughter of Mr. Hertzogg, of St. Louis, then running a mill in the American B jttom ; Michael, a daughter of Captain Blake- man, and Frederick, a daughter of Captaiu Allm, both of Marine settlement. I said they were growing wealthy. Each attended to a special department, and all worked in unison. It was their aim and boast to have the products of their labor of the best quality. Their whisky was consid- ered first rate, and their inclined wheel ox-mill flour com- manded an extra price in eastern markets. Not only had they a store at their own establishment on the Cantine creek, but opened a depot at St. Louis for their commodities. They obtained a post-office, but iuasmuch as there was one place by the name of Unionville in the State, the Postmaster General changed the name of this, which, being accepted by them, thencelbrth was known as Collinsville." * * * * " They were convinced at length that the distilling business was ivrong, was unchristian, and ceased operations; and, in- stead of selling the machinery, as they might have done for a round sum, they totally demolished the building, broke up the generators, took the huge tanks to their dwellings for cisterns, and sold the wash-tubs to farmers for granaries. I have seen these double hogsheads or tubs at different farm houses, full of wheat or other small grain, while yet there were few or no barns in the county. The partners then separated ; Augustus soon died ; several went to the Illinois river and established mills, &c. at Naples ; and Wm. B. Collins remained alone at Collinsville, carrying on the busi- ness — minus the distillery — until his death. ***** All are now gone, including the oldest son, Amos M. Collins of Hartford, the well-known philanthropist and Christian, but the youngest brother, Frederick, who resides in Quincy, and a sister, the widow of him who has been ever known among Presbyterians as the apostle to the great west, the venerated Solomon Giddiugs." ***** All the members of this family are now deceased. In 1820, a Mr. Wilcox, from New York, located in Col- linsville, and began the tanning business, which he after- ward increased to forty-nine vats, and carried on the business successfully for ten years, when he sold out to Hiram L. Ripley. Mr. Ripley c'butinued the business several yeais, 458 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. and is still living in the city. Another New Yorker, Horace Look, came west in 1818, and first stopped in St. Louis, where he married and went to Edvvardsville, and in 1821 permanently settled in Collinsville. He was a harness maker, and formed a partnership in that business with Mr. Wilcox. Mr. Look was an early justice of the peace, and was postmaster in Collinsville fur nearly thirty years. He reared a family of eight children, four of whom are now living. Oliver P. Look in Collinsville is the only one re- tiding in Illinois. Mr. Look died on Christmas day, 186-3. Among other early and enterprising residents were Benjamin Johnson, Aaron Ford, Isaac and Eheuezer Lockwood, James Haffey, Jesse Glover, Aaron Small, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Samuel Hall, Dr. Gurnsey, Dr. Strong. Dr. Henry Wing. Dr. Wm. S. Edgar, Dr. J. L. Darrow, and Captain William N. Wick- litfe. Dr. Gunn was the first physician. Richard Withers, a blacksmith, and enterprising man, had, at one time, quite an extensive plow factory. Peter and Paul Wonderly had a distillery, and operated the first coal mine. Daniel Berkey, a native of Pennsylvania, came west in 1819, and settled in St Clair county, just south of Collins- ville. In 1830, he moved and made this place his perma- nent home. Jonathan J., the third son of Dauiel Berkey, is now among the oldest settlers in this neighborhood. Joshua S. Peers came from New York with his father, who settled in St. Clair county in 1832. Mr. Peers was, for many years, a prominent citizen of Collinsville, and one to whom we are indebted for much of the history of this town- ship and city. CHURCHES- The first house of worship was a frame building erected in 1818. It was a union church, used by all denominations, and also for school purposes. The first sermon is said to have been preached by a Baptist divine. Rev. Salmon Gid- dings organized a Presbyterian society here in 1817. Revs. James and Joseph Lenien, Thomas Lippincott, and Isaac McMahan were among the early preachers. There are at present five churches in the city, viz. : Presbyterian, Metho- dist, Episcopal, Catholic and Lutheran. A. complete history of these churches may be seen in the Ecclesiastical chapter. SCHOOLS. The earliest schools were taught in the union church above mentioned. Philander Braley, who had been teach- ing here for some time, erected a house with his own means, and established a private school. Mr. Braley was a good teacher, and his school at one time had quite a reputation, and was patronized by parties from St. Louis, and other places. He afterwards moved to Carlinsville, where he still resides. The Braley school house which can yet be seen, is a two story frame building, the property of Dr. H. L. Strong, situated on the southwest side of Center street, south of Main. Mr. Braley was followed by Rev. Charles E. Blood, l)astor of the Presbyterian Church. Blood erected a two story frame building on the same lot as the present school- house, and established an academy. He introduced the higher branches and prepared students for college. This school existed about five years when the building was pur- chased by the directors, and in it the first public schools were taught. It was used for that purpose until 18(J7, when it was moved and now forms a part of Wilson's bell factory, and a new three story brick school house was erected. It was built on the same lot, and in 1872 was destroyed by fire. Contracts were almost iuimediately let for the building of the present house, which was completed in 1873. It is a handsome three story brick structure, with dressed limestone and yellow fire-brick trimmings, surmounted with a cupola. It contains twelve rooms, four on each floor. It is a graded school, employing nine teachers. Cemeteries. — There are three burying grounds, the Col- linsville Cemetery, and the Catholic and Lutheran. Incorporation. — Collinsville was first incorporated under the general law as a village iu 1850. We find on the records, that the following named gentlemen were elected trustees and met in first session, November 30, IS.jQ :— Presi- dent, D. D. Collins ; A. Tufts, clerk ; J. J. Fisher, H. L. Ripley and Horace L-jok. September 30, 1872, there was au election held to vote on city organization, which resulted in one hundred and one votes for, and .seventy-eight votes against, a majority of twenty-three votes for city organization. Ou the llih of November, 1872, an election was held and the following city ofticers elected : Muyor—Sohn Becker. Al- dermen — A. W. Brown James Combs, J. J. Fisher, C. Kalb- fleisch, A. M Powell, J. M. Verneuil. City Clerk— i. G. Gerding. City Attorney— EAvia.r(\ Wilburn, {not inaugu- rated.) Appointed Officers. City Marshal— John G. Blake. City Superintendent of Streets— John G. Blake. The town from its beginning had only a gradual growth until the building of the Vandalia railroad through here iu 1868, which gave it a new impetus, and it soou became more pros- perous. Her coal intensis were soon developed aud became an important fivctor in her business. Her beautiful heights were sought by citizens of St. Louis, as suburban homes ; houses in pleasing variety of architecture were here and there erected, and Collinsville became, not only a mining aud manufacturing place but a city of residences. In 1880 it contained 2,893 inhabitants. MINING AND MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. There is a fine body of bituminous coal underlying the whole surface of this region of country, and in the vicinity of Collinsville the vein will average from seven and a half to eight feet in thickness. The oal found at a depth of 160 to 190 feet is of an excellent quality, and is exten- sively mined. The mines have a slate and lime- stone roof, and are comparatively dry. Some of them are mentioned above, as they are not within the corporate limits of the city. COLLINSVILLE COAL AND MINING COMPANY. This company is the owner of the first shaft that was sunk in Collinsville. It is the first mine east of the depot, and was sunk by Peter Wonderly, about 20 years ago. The mine was then worked by horse power. The company consists of George Savitz, president ; and HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 459 J. H. WicklifFe, who are owners and proprietors of the mines. They operate two shafts, tlie second of which was sunk in 1873. The depth is 150 feet to the surface of the coal, and the vein will average seven and a half feet in thickness. They employ 100 men; capacity ot the mines 11,000 bush- els per day. OfBce, 414 Olive street, St. Louis. LUMAGHI MINE Was opened in 1869, by Octavius Lumaghi, and is still owned and operated by him. The shaft is 165 feet deep ; the vein will average from 7 to 8 feet. The average amount of men employed, sixty. CANTINE CO.\L AND MINING COMPANY. The Cantiue mine was sunk in 1873, by Morrison and Ambrosius, and is now owned by the above named company. The depth of the shaft is 182 feet to the coal, which aver- ages 7i to 8 feet in thickness. The company employ about 65 men. The average amount of coal mined in 1881 was 100,000 bushels i)er month. The officers of this company are: President, C. A. Ambrosius ; Treasurer and Secretary, J. G. Gerding. ABBEY COAL AND MINING COMPANY. This is the most extensive mining company on the line of the Vandalia Railroad. However, there is only one mine operated by them in Madison county, the others being in St. Clair. The shaft near the depot at CuUinsviile, desig- ated as " Abbey No. 3," was sunk by Reid and Strain, in 1875, and the following year leased it to the above comi)any. It is 138 feet to the top of the coal. The vein will run from seven to 8 feet in thickness, and it is worked entirely by machinery, employing GO men on top. The Lawrence Mine No. 4, is similar to that of No. 3, being a machine mine. The others are worked by the old system, employing in all froni 400 to 500 men. In 1881 the Abbey company raised in all their mines 13,400 car loads, or about 5,000,000 bushels. ^ THE COLLINSVILLE MILL Is an old building, having been in existence for twenty-five or thirty years. The older portion was built by James Mat- thews. There have been several additions made to it since, and it has been many times remodelled. It is now owned and operated by Baker & Co. It has four run of burrs, with a capacity of grinding 150 bis. per day. It is a mer- chant mill, and the brands Argentine and Sonora are an ex- cellent quality of flour. CANTINE MILL. This mill is owned by F. Lange, and leased and operated by J. Higley. It is four stories high, frame, and has a run of four burrs, with a capacity of manufacturing 150 bis. per day. Several good brands of flour are manufactured, and find a market in St. Louis and other cities. COLLINSVILLE ZINC WORKS. In 1875, Dr. Octavius Lumaghi erected works for the smelting of zinc ore, at bis coal mine, and operated them until the fall of 1881, when he leased them to Parks &Bros. After operating about three months Messrs. Parks & Bros, failed, and in January, 1882, the works were leased by Reichenbach & Co., who are operating them very sue- ces.sfully. They also leased the works at Heintzville, giving them altogether four furnaces. The works have three cal- cining kilns, to prepare the ore for the smelting furnaces, ore crushers, clay mill, and a regular pottery for manufac- turing the retorts. They are the Belgian pattern of furnace. There are two kinds of ore used, silicate and blende, which are brought from Joplin and Webb City, Mo., and manu- factured into spelter, and shipped mostly to the east. The works have a capacity of 6000 lbs. spelter per day, consum- ing four car loads of ore per week, and about 600 bushels of coal per day, and employ fifty men, THE STOCK BEI,L FACTOEY Of 0. B. Wilson was established several years ago. The present owner, Mr. Wilson, is the successor of I. C. Moore. He purchased the business and property of Moore in 1876, since which he has made several important improvements in the machinery and process of manufacturing, and added new furnaces, forges, etc. The machinery is run by steam power, and from 150 to 200 doz^u bells are manufactured per day, It employs from ten to twenty men. Mr. Wilson has in- vented, and patented, a process for coating bells with brass which is a great time and labor saving item. His bells are sold directly to dealers in ail the cities in the United States, and they give the best satisfaction. BLUM & SCHOETTLE's STOCK BELL FACTORY, Was established in July, 1879. It is a one story building arranged and fitted up with all the necessary furnaces, forges and machinery for manufacturing a good article. They have a capacity of manufacturing 100 dozen bells per day, employing from twelve to fifteen men. The bells are sold iu all parts of the country. MACHINE SHOP. This is a new enterprise, established by Allen & Son, practical general machinists. It is a well fitted shop, with improved machinery, run by steam power, and all kinds of work are done in good style. BRICK YARD. This is located in the northeastern limits of the city. It contains two kilns, and about 70lt,000 brick are annually burned. They arc made by hand. It is owned by Fred. Hoga, and was established in 1879. THE COOPER SHOP Owned and carried on by Charles Hartmann, employ six men and manufacture about 500 barrels per week. NURSERY AND SEEDS. John W. Kropf, at the west end of Main street, has about one acre of plants and nursery stock. He deals iu all kinds 460 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of vegetable and flower seeds and green house plants, which are always fresh and guaranteed. BUSINESS OF 1882. Physicians. — J. L. K. Wadsworth, H. L. Strong, Charles Odtmann, Frederick Biendemuehl, A. M. Powell, J. W. Davis. General Stores— J. L. Loyet, C. H. Pabst, F. C. Metz, Bertram & Snodgrass, John H. Kuhlenbeek, C. A. Single- tary, Kalbfleisch & Son, Charles Anwater, M. Weisenben- berger, J. Wilbert & Son, Solomon Hartman, Roberts & Son. Drugs — Wadsworth & Son, Herman Graze, Charles P. Ochsner. Hardware and Tin Stores. — John Schoettle, Christian Blum, Martin Brede, Albrecht & Werter. Hardtvare and Machinery. — W. D. Gardiner. Farniture and Undertaking. — Moritz Wilhelm, Charles F. Heinecke, Martin Schroepple. Groceries.— ■!>. C. Wiukler, Gus Eoedger, J. N. Chilton, August Guy. Confectioneries. — G. W. Scharpf, James Bullock, Lewis Hoffmann, David W. Jones, J. Dudley. Restaurant and Bakery. — William McKeag. Bakeries. — Gus. Gang, Conrad Mueller, Henry Dewald. Vegetable and Produce. — H. R. Johnson, William B. Whittaker. Jewelry. — William Stevens, Fred. Bron. Livery. — O. C. Look, George Blake. Meat Markets. — Jonathan Turner, Valentine Loyet, Mat- thews & Knedler, Peter Sweitzer. Harnes.? Shops.— H. M. Sanders, J. H. B. Willoughby, Charles Korinek. Hotels. — Berry House, Mrs. William Berry, proprietress ; Central House, William Terry, proprietor; Gaskill House, S. W. Gaskill, proprietor ; American House, Daniel Steele, proprietor. Neivs Depots and Stationery. — Max Zucker, Wadsworth & Son, Miss S. H. Nelson. Shoe Shops. — M. Eoedger, AdamSchroeppel, J. Bandhauer. Luther Robinson, Henry Stumpf, John Breslyn. Segar Stores and Manufactories. — J. H. Meier, Lorenz Klein, James O'Connell, Max Zucker. Tailor Shops-— Frank Suchy, John Masek. Wagon Shop. — John Gronau. Carpenter Shoji.i. — Joseph Judy, M. Eberhardt, Philip Listerman. Dry Goods and Clothing. — ^Jacob Fisher. Millinery. — John N. Davis, C. A. Singletary. Broom Factory. — Kneedler & Schultz. Feed Store. — William H. Brown. Blacksmith Shop. — Peter Klina, John Kalina, Timothy Kane, Adam Wendler. Architect. — G. A. Miller. Dentist— T. S. Wilson. Newspapers. — Collinsville Weekly Herald, J. N. Peers, proprietor ; Collinsville Star, W. A. Wetmore, proprietor. Buss Line — 0. C. Look. Justices of the Peace. — J. M. Lawrence, Daniel Weaver^ L. Robinson.- Lumber Yard. — J. W. Peers. Saloons. — James Smith, Thomas & Hadfield, Philip Wil- bert, Henry Huffendieck, Daniel Steele, Mrs. Christian Wacker, George Baumgoertner, Casper Saunier, Albert Vujtch, Joseph Berka, Joseph Kalina. BIOGRAPHIES. y^2^^>^^^^u^, Was bora September 13, 1841, in Marion county, Illiuois, the third in order of birth in a family of nine cliildren born to Louis and Dorothea Hite (RufTner). His mnther was of the family of Ruftners, well known throughout the Kanawha Valley, West Virginia, as having establi!^hl(l ihe salt works there. Louis Hite was a farmer, a contractor on railroads and a politician. At the age of twenty six years he served his fellow citizens as a member of the Ohio Legis- lature. In 1858, he was engrossing clerk in the Illinois Senate. He died in Potosi, Missouri, December 24, 1881. Benjamin R. Hite, the subject of this sketch, obtained a common school education in the schools of Salem and Col- linsville. To the latter place, his present home, he came in 1866. His qualifications, eminently fit him for representative 59 positions and his fellow citizens appreciating this fact honored him with a seat in the 2sth General Assembly of Illinois, and have kept him as supervisor in the county board ever since the inauguration of township organization. He was chairman the fourth and seventh years of his service. He was married to Sarah E. Griffith, daughter of Joseph W. Griffitl), one of the pioneers of this county, Feb. 8, 1866. Four sous have gladdened this union. Mr. Hite is a pronounced Democrat politically, and a re- cognized party leader. At a Democratic convention recently held he was nominated for County Treasurer by acclama- tion and elected to that office in November 1882. Possessed of eminently social qualities, he has hosts of friends. His business qualifications fit him well for positions of trust. 461 462 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ^;:t:J^t^^t?Z/^ Was born ia Hobokeu, New Jersey, in 1793. His parents were David and Gertrude (Nagel) Anderson. Upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, he offered his services and was accepted as drummer boy. A pension granted him in this behalf served as a constant reminder of his soldier boy days, during the last years of his life. In 1820 he came west and located in the Marine settlement. lu 1822, he married Susan S. Creamer, in Kaskaskia, by whom he had twelve children. By the death of his wife he was left for some years a widower. On the 23d of April 1868, he was married to Margarett L. Cream?r, by whom he had two children. Mr. Anderson was eminently success- ful ; he amassed considerable property, which he improved after a manner worthy of emulation. His houses, barns, orchards, etc, all bespeak his excellent taste. He died April 11, 1875. His widow lives on the old homestead, about two miles from Collinsville, surrounded by such luxuries as a competency can yield. Mr, Anderson was a man of commanding presence ; of unquestioned integrity of character; of excellent business qualifications, and of philanthropic ways. HISTORY OF MAD ISO I^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 463 CONRAD A. AMBROSIUS Is a native of Germany, born in 1839. His father emi- grated to America in 1842, first locating in St. Louis, Mo. In 1849 he removed to the vicinity of Collinsville, and engaged in farming. Conrad A. is the second son of afaniily of four chil- dren. In his youth he received a liberal education, and early in life began the vocation of a farmer, which pursuii he con- tinued until 1874, at which time he embarked in the business of coal mining, in the neighborhood of Collinsville. He is now president of the Cantine Coal and Mining Company of that place, a position for which he is eminently qualified. Mr. Ambrosius has filled the position of alderman in his city for a term of five years, and has served as street commis- sioner for the same length of time. He is still in the prime of a vigorous manhood. Though beginning his career with little but strong hands and a willing heart, his life has been a success, having accumulated considerable wealth, consist- ing of coal lands and valuable city property ; and has filled positions of trust and responsibility in the community. In 1862 he was united in marriage to Miss Maria Smith, which union has been blessed with seven children. JOHN BECKER. This gentleman is the present mayor of the thriving city of Collinsville. He is the grandson of one of Napoleon's old soldiers, and a son of John Becker, who was born in Bavaria, and emigrated to America in 1833. He landed in New York, and there married Eva Nichols, by whom he had a family of twelve children. John Becker, of whom we write, was born in the city of New York, July 2oth, 1837, being the eldest of the family. In 1839, his father immigra- ted to Missouri, locating in Perry county, where he remained a short time, moving thence to St. Louis, where he died in 1873. Young Becker received his schooling in Perry county and in St. Louis. The first business in which he en- gaged was clerking in a store, after which he went to Cin- cinati, Ohio, where he was employed for three years in the upholstering business. He again returned to St. Louis, and served an apprenticeship at milling in the Saxony Mills, of that city. On the 20th of ilay, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Wilhelmina Maye, of St. Louis, Misourri, and ten children, eight of whom are living, have blessed their liappy wedlock. In 1864, Mr. Becker located permanently in Col- linsville, where in company with George C. Berg, he pur- chased the flouring mill, which he has since continued to operate so successfully. He is now sole owner and proprie- tor. In 1872, at the time Collinsville was organized as a city, Mr. Becker was honored with being elected the first mayor, to which position he has been twice re-elected, filling the office at this writing. He has led an active, energetic life, and his enterprising spirit has been felt in all the move- ments to advance the business and social interests of his city, since he became a resident. In his official positions he has shown executive ability and attends well the duties of his office. He is a popular and much respected citizen. ST. JACOBS. ' HIS township comprises the whole of town 3, range 6. It is bounded on the north by IMarine, on the east by Helvetia and on the west by Jarvis township, and on the south by St. Clair county. The prin- cipal stream is the east fork of Silvi r creek, that flows through the northwest part, in a southerly direction. A con- siderable quantity of tiraler is found along this stream ; but the township is substantially prairie, embracing many sections of the Looking Glass Prairie. In its natural state it was a most beautiful tract of country. It is said by a former writer : '' It looked more like a great park than a wild country. This was not like many other prairies, a monotonous level, where the eye can find no resting-place ; but out of this plain, covered with luxuriant gra.ss and flowers of all colors, rose a great number of beautiful and shapely hills, all easy to ascend, and many covered with a growth of fine trees. Small water-courses, frequently embellished with fine willows, crossed the prairie in all directions. A number of small groves made up of trees of great variety, such as linden, oak, hickory, buckeye and locust, ornamented the scenery. The landscape in all directions was surrounded by the limber-crowned hills of Silver creek, and the rich forests of Sugar cr^ek. The country at this time was in its natural state. Along the skirt of timber ynu might 464 HISTORY OF MADJSON COUNTY, JLJ.l^OIS. see at ditfereut points, not far apart, a small field pushed out into the prairie, the cabins mostly hidden by the treis, and only the smoke arising from them disclosing the abode of man." THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS were made along the timber's edge, on the east side of Silver creek, by some hnrdy pioneers from Krntueky and Ten- nessee, iu 1810. The families of John Lindley, of Augustus, William and Cyrus Chilton, of Harrison and Smeltzer, lived here in peace and quietness until the war with Eng- land broke out in 1812, and the Indians began to show themselves hostile. The Chiltons and their neighbors wh(p lived in this and adjoining townships, built a fort and stockade for defence. The fort stood in the northwest corner of section 17, near where Augustus Chilton .settled, and eleven families received shelter here the first winter. The fort was commanded by Major Isaac Ferguson and Capt- Abra- ham Howard. This fort was never attacked by the Indians. From Jesse J. Renfro, a worthy old citizen of Madison, and a Ranger during the war of 1812, we received a description of this fort. During the winter of 1814, he with a dozen other rangers, wss placed on guard here under the com- mand of Pamuel Whiteside. At this time the pioneers lived at their homes in the settlement, and would only come into the fort upon hearing of some Indian depredations, but after a short time would become pacified and return to their cabins. This fort was constructed by picketing around four or five cabins The pickets were logs from eight to ten inches through, set on end close together, and eleven or twelve feet in height. On each corner of the picketing were log houses, projecting over so that the sides of the fort might be covered by the rifles. Such a venture would be fraught with many dangers, difficulties and privations The desert wastes, the forest gloom and the near proximity of savage Indians, seem to have possessed, however, no terrors for these hardy pioueers. What must have been the nature of their lonely musings during the long and weary months of isolation, is difficult to imagine. Suf- fice it to say, with a fortitude unsurpassed, and a tenacity of purpose which knew no defeat, they patiently bided their time, never dreaming in the early years of this voluntary exile that this was destined to be a populous and pros- perous farming community. It is related by an old set- tler that during the early Indian troubles a lone Indian committed some overt act near the fort. Capt Howard took his trail, riding a little bay animal that was well remembered by the old settlers in later years. After a ninety miles' chase in a northeast direction, alone in a strange land and among savages, he by his adroitness and bravery, killed the Indian and brought his bleeding scalp to the fort. Within the walls of this old fort occurred the first birth in this part of the county, that of Thomas Chilton ; also the first marriage ceremony was solemnized here, Joseph Ferguson, a brother of the Major, and Miss Virginia Smeltzer being the contracting parties. It was here that they enjoyed the bliss of courtship, made their solemn vows of marriage and passed their days of honey- moon. Here, too, may be recorded the first death, being that of Augustus Chilton, who laid down his life and the cares of this world at a good old age, and was buried in the timber near the fort, where since many others have been laid to rest. No stone marks his grave. About 1820 a town was laid out here, and called Augusta, but the plat was never recorded. No lots were sold, and the town only existed in the imagination of its originators. The Chiltons settled in the near vicinity of the fort, as also did the Har- rison and Smeltzer families. Cyrus Chilton afterward im- proved a place about half a mile we.st of Herrin's Grove. .John Liudley was a great hunter and a very successful beaver trapper. He first settled in the timber in the south- west pan of section 18, near a spring that affords running water at this time. He afterward improved a farm out in the prairie, where he died, his wife surviving him many years. Their children were John, Matthew, Lucinda, Han- nah, Elizabeth, Ellen and Mary. Mr. Liudley 's father, Simon Liudley, settled on Silver Creek, in the north edge of St. Clair county, iu 1812. He was a native of North Carolina, anarcy, a Tennesseean, came in November, 1817, and improved a farm adjoining Giger's, where he lived until his death. Two of his sons, George W. and Edward, live in the township ; the former in the village of St- Jacob's, and the latter a farmer on the old home place. Nancy, now Mrs. Potter, lives in Edwardsville. These three are the only de- scendants of the family living. Wesley Dugger, born in North Carolina, April 30, 1793, grew to manhood in that state, then went to Tennessee, where he married Charlotte Young, a native of Virginia. He lived sixteen miles east of Nashville till the fall of the year 1817, when he emigrated to Illinois and settled on sec- tion 3 of this township. He carried on farming, had a horse mill, and for some years kept a store, the first in this part of the county, which was entered and robbed, and was once destroyed by'fire. He was successful as a business man, and, for that day, acquired a considerable amount of property. He had been a soldier in the War of 1812-14, enlisting with the Tennessee troops, and serving under Gen. Jackson at the battle of New Orleans He died Feb. 14, 1850. His wife died April 23, 1846. They raised a family of nine children, of whom five were boys, and four girls. John C. Dugger settled the F. S. Pike place. He improved a good farm here, on which he died, leaving a widow, one son and five daughters. Jarrett Dugger settled the A. Zwilchenbart place. About 1828 he erected an ox-mill, which he operated several years, until he sold out ; then Mr. Zwilchenbart ran the mill for a long time. Mr. Dugger moved north into Macoupin county. Henry Burton Thorp was born in Stratford, Conn., April 30, 179.3. In 1819 he came to Madison county with Capt. Curtis RIakeman, driving a four-horse team for the captain- Two years previous he had one hundred and fifty acres of land entered in section two, this township, where he started an improvement, and then returned to the east for his wife, who lived only a short time after her arrival in this new country, leaving one child, Hatinah, who afterwards mar- ried William Hull. Mr. Thorp subsecjuently returned to the east for a second wife, and married Sarah Sheppard, of Redding, Conn. He immediately returned with his wife, and brought out one of his brothers, Samuel Thorp, who, in 1833, returned east, and influenced another brother, Nathan, to try his fortune in the far west. Nathan Thorp had five grown daughters, three of whom were afterward married at their father's house on the same occasion, the Rev. John H. Benson officiating. H. B. Thorp had a family of seven children by his second marriage, viz : Harriet, Henry B., Eliza, Charles, Frank, William, and George. His occupa- tion was principally that of a farmer. He and his brother Samuel, as early as 183<>, built a distillery on their place, and continued to run it for several years. David Thorp had a store here in early times. He and Albert Judd built a distillery on the Marine and St Jacob's wagon road,at the Silver Creek ford. Henry B. Thorp died Jan. 14th, 1849; his wife died the 27th of January following. Mr. Thorp was a public- spirited man, and lived beloved and respected by all who knew him. John Howard, a son of the widow Howard, who built the first cabin in the southeast part of Madison county, settled the Sohler place, near the Augusta church, in an early day. He was a ranger during the Indian troubles. In the Legis- lature of 1818, he represented his county, and was the first Justice of the township, and filled the office until his death. He had a liberal education for his time, was honest and upright in his dealings, and lived a much re- spected citizen. He reared two sons : Abraham, the eldest, lived on his father's old homestead until his death, ant^now lies buried in the Augusta graveyard ; Riley, the youngest, lives in Iowa. Nicholas Kyle, a son of Adam Kyle, one of the early settlers of Marine township, located in the eears ago. It is a brick building, and stands in the southeast part of section seven, in a good state of preservation. For many years before this church wa.s built, the congregation met at the residence of John C. Dugger who was a worthy member of the church, and was mainly instrumental in the construction of the building. Between the site of the old fort and the place where the Augusta church now stands, in early times, the militia were accustomed to meet, this being their training ground. It was here, also, that the young athletes of the country gath- ered to exhibit their muscle. Each settlement or neighbor- hood would have its champion, and as this was the place of general resort for sports of an athletic kind, many are the tales told by the old settlers of feats perf jrmed and plaudits won by the wrestlers, runners and jumpers. Among the Germans first to come to this township was Dr. Henry C. Gerke, who emigrated from his native land, Laar, in Hessen Cassel, Germany, to America, coming direct to Madison county in 1824. He left his family behind him, and afterward crossed the ocean several times. On his second trip, in 1830, he brought with him his oldest son, William H. The Dr. located on the Herrin place, Her- rin's Grove, and placed his son William H. in the Marine settlement. In 1842, William H. married Mi^s L^vina Blakeman, a daughter of Capt- Curtis Blakeman. Mrs Gerke died young, leaving one child. Judge Henry C. Gerke, of Edwardsville. Mr. Gerke never married again, and died in the Marine settlement in 1840, about six years after his wife's death. Dr. Gerke was a classical scholar, besides being educated to the profession of law. He was the author of several volumes, published in Germany, relating to the history of North America, and especially to that of the Mis- sissippi valley. These works were largely distributed throughout G ruiany, and it was through their influence, and the efforts of the Doctor, that this part of the Stale has become so largely populated by the Germans. He was thoroughly democratic in his views of government and po. litical economy ; in fact the very cause that induced him to come to America was on account of her free institutions. In 1836 he brought to this country the remainder of hig family, consisting of his wife and son, John P. The Doctor lived on his place iu St. Jacobs until his death in 1842. He left a vast estate, and a wide circle of friends. His widow survived him until 1871, and died at Marine, at the resi- dence of her grandson, Judge Henry C. Gerke. John P. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 467 Gerke was married to Bertha, daughter of Joseph and Eliz- abeth Stoffelbach of this township, in 18-13. and had two daughters. At his father's death he fell heir to the property in St. Jacobs. He was an artist of considerable celebrity, and executed many valuable paintings, now greatly admired- He resided mostly in St. Louis, where he died in 1847. Theodore and Joseph Miller came with their widowed mother, three brothers and three sisters, in 1835, from Ba- den, Germany. The mother died five years later. Theodore improved a large farm in section 20, where his son, J. G. Miller, now lives, and became one of the foremost men of the township. He served for a time as constable. Afterward he was elected magistrate, the office of which he filled twelve years. In 1870 he was elected a member of the General Assembly of the State. In 1846 Mrs. Elizabeth Anderson, daughter of Major James G. Anderson, became his wife. His brother Joseph lived here for many years, and was a successful farmer. Afterward he went to Lebanon, St. Clair county, whe-e he resided until his death. Samuel Frey made a good farm of the prairie, section 22. He came to the county in 1^40, and has been a very sucecssful farmer. Henry Frey, a brother, improved a good farm adjoining, on the east, where he accumulated much propert)'. He died several years ago, leaving two sons, who are promi- nent farmers of the township. Peter Frutiger came to St- Jacobs in 1842, and improved a large farm in sections 23 and 24. He has been dead manj' years. Several of his children are worthy citizens of the township. Jacob Leder, who lives on section one, is a native of Switzerland. He came here in 1837. Rudolph Baer, also a native of Switzerland, arrived in 1844, with his father, who improved a good farm on the prairie, in section fourteen, where Ru- dolph now lives. Christ. Hirni also made a farm on the prairie, on .section thirteen. Jacob Leutwiller also improved a farm on the same section. Henry Ritter, who lives near Herriu's Grove, has resided there since 1844. John Schniitt, south of the grove, is one of the early Germans, as are also P. Juckweiler, who now lives in St. Jacobs, Jacob Schroth" first store-keeper of St. Jacobs, and A. Zwilchenbart, who bought the Dugger Ox-mill and farm. Henry Laengle came to the county in 184ti, and since that time has been engaged in farming and hotel-keeping. He built his brick hotel in St Jacobs in 1879. The following gentlemen have represented the township in the board of supervisors : F. S. Pike, 1876-'77, re-elected 1877-78; E. N. Peterson, 187S-'79; James S. Miller, 1879-'80; John P. Anderson, 1880-'81, re-elected 18S1,'82, and is now in oflBce. TOWN OF ST. JACOBS. The first house was built by Jacob Schutz, where he sold whisky by the gallon. In 1849 Jacob Schroth started a store ; he bought two and-a-half acres off the corner of Jacob Schutz's fiirm, being in the northwest part of the northeast forty of section 16 ; he built a small house (since enlarged), now the St. Jacob's House. He entertained travelers and had a wagon-yard in connection with his saloon and store. In June, 18.51, he got a post-office established, and because his name was Jacob and Jacob was the original owner of the land, and the blacksmith's name was Jacob, they concluded to name the place of the then cross-roads St. Jacobs. Mr. Schroth ccmtinued in business here until his death in 1:^60. His wife was then commissioned post- mistress, and continued the business many years. In 18.50 Jacob Willi started a blacksmith shop and worked at his trade several years; he is now on a farm half a mile north of town, in good circumstances. The third house was put up by Louis Schiele. It is in part now the Pfaclzer Hof. Mr. Schiele, in 1866, laid out the town of St. Jacobs, in the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 9. The village increased principally around the Schroth corner and on the St. Louis wagon-road, until the construction of the railroad, since which the growth has been almost entirely toward the depot. There were about twenty houses in the place before the railroad was built. The census of 1880 gave it a population of four hundred and sixty-one. Dr. Buck was the first physician In 1866, Edward Dee and William C. M'AIilly built a saw-mill a quarter of a mile north of the town. They afterward sawed out a frame and put up a small grist mill, and then took into partnership with them, Charles Valier, who was a practical miller. The mill com- menced grinding in 1869 ; since that time it has been owned by several different parties. The saw-mill has long since been abandoned. The mill has been greatly improved from time to time, and it now standi a substantial frame, four- stories high with basement, having four run of burrs and a capacity of one hundred and twenty-five barrels per day. It is owned and operated by Joseph Peeler and Jacob Willi. The saw-mill near the depot was put up in 1880 ; now owned by John Bartle. The Independent Bucket Factory was started in June, 18SI, by John Schaefer. It employs from six to eight men. The school building is a two story brick of four rooms, where three teachers are employed. J. W. Welles has been the principal for the past three years. There are two churches. The Lutheran, a neat brick structure, was built in 1869 ; the Methodist, a frame building, in 1879. The St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute railroad passes through the northern part of the township, entering near the center of section 1, and passing out near the southwest corner of section 7. St. Jacobs is situated on this line at nearly an equal distance from the eastern and western boundaries of the township. Its location in the midst of a fertile and prosperous country secures for it a good trade. It is the shipping point for Marine, a village of eight hundred inhabitants, five miles distant. PRESENT BUSINESS. Phjsiciam. — B. F. Stephens, E. Miller, H. R. Kirsten. Postmaster. — G. W. Hays. Hotels. — Henry Laengle, Laengle's Hotel ; Louis Wasem, Pfaelzer Hof ; Henry Schmitt, St. Jacob's House ; Ernst Pahmeyer, Rail Road Hotel. 468 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. General Stores. — G. W. Searcy, Karges & Williams, F. Sohler. Lumber Yard, Lime, Cement, etc. — E. N. Peterson. Dealer in Hanhvare awl Farming Implements. — John Schaefer. Grain Dealers- — Anderson & Wiseman. Druff Stores. — Charles Spies, H. F. Wood. FiirniiHrv a7id Undertaker.— H. A. Reichenbecher. Harness and Saddles. — Theodore Schmidt, Fred. Pfunder. Meat Market — Louis Schiele ; J. Freys. Merchant Tailor — F. Gain. •Blacksmith Shops. — Fred Spies, Joseph Beekler, Leonz Buehlraann. Wagon Shops- — Leonz Buehlmann, Henry Maurer. Wagon-maker. — Fritz Graf. Bakery. — H. Meyer. Barbers — Melch Hochul, Thomas Cannon. Shoemakers- — Joseph Hilbi, C. M. Petry. Cigar Manvjactorij. — W. Fisher. ■^^^^^3^i!^9^^- BIOGRAPHIES. GEORGE W. SEARCY. The Searcy family are among the old settlers and the descendants of one of the pioneer families of Madison county. Philip T. Searcy, the father, was a native of North Carolina born in 1802. He was left an orphan while yet youug in years; he was taken by his guardian, Granser Dugger, to Tennessee, and brought by him to Illinois, November 17, 1817. The Dugger family stopped for a short time in the forks of Silver creek, then a part of Marine township, in Madison county, but soon after moved to Bond county, and Battled on Hurricane Fork of Shoal creek; three years later they returned to Madison county and permanently located on the piece of land upon which they settled when they first came to Illinois. Mr. Dugger entered laud in .sections 5 and 6, of what is now St. Jacob's township. From the Dugger family sprang a numerous progeny. John, Wesley, Jarret, sons of Mr. Dugger, were soldiers of the war of 1812, and also of the Black-Hawk war of 1831-'32. Philip T. Searcy married Elizabeth, daughter of Granser Dugger. She was the widow of John Hunter, by whom she had one son, named John Andrew Hunter; he was also a soldier of the Black- Hawk war. Mr. Searcy died February 13, 1861, and his wife February 13, 1864. There were twelve children born to Philip T. and Elizabeth Searcy, three of whom are now living. Their names are Nancy Jane, Edward C and George W. Thomas J. was a soldier in company I) of the -SOth Illinois Volunteers. At the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, he was wounded, and died two years later from the effect of the wound. Edward C. was also a soldier in the same company and regiment, and was captured by the rebels when in the act of bearing his wounded brother from the field George W., the subject of this sketch, was born on the old homestead March 6, 1834. He there grew to man- hood, and remained at home until twenty-one years of age; he then clerked for his half brother, Mr. Hunter, for two years. Realizing that he had insufficient education, he spent the winter of 18.57-'58 in school. The fall previous, he had been elected constable, a position he held for twelve years. In the spring of 1858, he purchased sixty acres of land in section 17, and there made his home until 1866, when he moved to section 18, where he had purchased one hundred and fifty-five acres. On this tract, in former years, stood Fort Shilton, one of the block-houses during the Indian troubles in 1812. Mr. Searcy made his home on section 18 until the spring of 1880, when he removed to the village of St. Jacobs, and there, on the 28th of February, 1882, engaged in general merchandising; in which he still continues. On the 2d of April, 1858, he married Miss Mary Ann Taylor. She was born on the ' Old Chase " farm, in St. Jacob's township December 6, 1833. Her parents were natives of Virginia, and removed to North Carolina, tlien to Illinois and .settled in White county, and subsequently came to Madison. There were four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Searcy; one living named George L., who was born June 2, 1860. The others died in infancy and early childhood. Both Mr. and Mrs. Searcy attached themselves to the M. E. Church while young. In politics he is a Republican ; he was justice of the peace for his township for four years, and was special deputy sheriff for six years. During the late war he was enrolled officer from November, 1864, until the close of the war. In his manners he is plain and unassuming, and his charac- ter and reputation is that of an honorable and honest man. HISTORY OF MADISON' COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 469 ;H^ ^. ^^<:^ The subject of this memoir was born on section 31, in St. Jacob's Township, Madison County, Illinois, Aug. 14tli, 1832. His father, William Faires, was born in North Caro- lina, Aug. 5th, 1789. He 'emigrated to Illinois in ]82(>- and settled on what was then and since known as Terrappiii Ridge in this county. His first settlement was in section 31, T 3, R 3. He afterward moved to section 33, and tlieif died, Feb. 14th, 1855. He married Elizabeth Orr, who was born in North Carolina, January 17th, 1791. The date of the marriage was January 13th, 1813. She died in August 1863. There were nine children by that marriage, four sons and five daughters. Two sons and three daughters have survived the parents and are yet living. William B. is the youngest of the family. He was brought up on the farm and received his education in the public schools of the neighborhood. At the age of twenty he commenced the trade of blacksmithing, but soon abandoned it to engage in farming. He purchased two hundred acres of raw unim- proved land in section 26, where he now resides, and com- menced its improvement, and there he has remained to the present time. To his original purchase he has added until he has now over five hundred acres of fine land, all of which is under cultivation. He also commenced dealing and trading in live stock when he commenced farming, and those two businesses have been his chief occupation up to the present time. In April, 1864, he was united in marriage to Miss M. J. Putnam, daughter of Hiram Putnam. She was born in Wilson county, Tennessee, in 1842. By this union there have been eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Faires. Their namfs in the order of their birth are, William A., Charles Henry, Elizabeth O , Horace Greeley, Julia Ann, Lula Jane, (the latter two are twins) Edward Allen and Hattie Faires. Mr. Faires is a member of the ancient and honor- able order of A. F. A. M. Politically he has always voted the Democratic ticket. Mr. Faires may be regarded as one of the old settlers of Madison county. He has lived here fifty years. His father's family were among the pioneers of the state. In the present and years gone by the neighbors of Mr. Faires have known him as an open, generous-hearted man, a true friend and an honest, upright man. 470 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ''/^^-5^^^ JuyCi^ The Pyle family is of Eoglish aud Welsh ancestry. Samuel Pyle, the ancestor of the present, family was of Quaker origin and came with William Penn to America in 1682, and made the first settlement in Pennsylvania and founded the city of Philadelphia. Subsequently his offspring removed south and helped to form the settle- ments along the coast in the Carolinas. There they lived during the revolutionary war, and iu which struggle both the paternal and maternal grandfathers of Abner Pyle took part. Abner Pyle, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Chatham county. North Carolina. The family moved to Kentucky soon after that state was admitted to the union, and remained there until 18 IS, when they came to Illinois and settled in Jackson county in a section that is now .a part of Perry county. Mr. Pyle was one of the first commissioners of the latter county, and helped to locate the coanty seat and lay out the town of Pinckneyville. He re- mained a citizen of Perry county until the death of his wife, then came to Madison county, where he lived with his sons until his death, which event occurred in July, 1863- He married Sarah Wells, a native of South Carolina. She died in Perry county, January 25, 1825. By the union of Abner and Sarah Pyle there were twelve children, ten of whom lived to maturity and raised families. Abner Pyle, Jr., the subject of this sketch was born iu Christian county, Kentucky, January 25th, 1809, and was a mere boy when the family came to Illinois. Here he grew to manhood and received such instruction as the public schools of Perry county afforded. His first effort in public life was acting as surveyor of Perry county, a position he was appointed to by HISTORY OF MADISON COU^'TY, ILLINOIS. 471 Gov. Duncan. He afterward engaged in farming and trading. In 1848, lie moved to St. Clair county and re- mained there until March ITth, 1859, when he purchased one hundred and twenty acres in section twenty-six, of St. Jacob's Township, in Madison county. He improved his land, added more tn it, and there he has resided to the pres- ent. In May, 1833, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary llogue. She died in 1844, leaving one son named Andrew, who grew to maturity, married, and died in 1879, leaving a wife and two children. On the 19th of August, 1848, he married Naomi Bradsby, widow of John Bradsby. Her maiden name was Faires, daughter of William and Eliza- beth (Orr) Faires. She was born in North Carolina, Janu- ary 14, 1815. By her marriage with John Bradsby she had three children, named Francis M., Mary E. and William D. Bradsby. By her marriage with Mr. Pyle, there are also three children, whose names are Martha A., wife of James Thompson, Lyman and Henry B. Pyle. Both Mr. and Mrs- Pyle are members of the Christian Church. Politically he was originally an old Jacksoniau Democrat. His first presidential ticket was cast for the hero of New Orleans. From that time to the present he has not swerved in his allegiance to the party of his first choice. Mr. Pyle is one of the pioneers of Illinois, and is a connecting link between this and a race of hardy and venturesome men that are rapidly passing away. A few more years will witness their departure, and they will only exist in the memories of the older people and in the pages of history. Would that the free, generous, open-hearted pioneer of old could always be with us and teach us by example what open and true hospi- tality is, and means. To that class belongs Mr. Pyle. CHOUTEAU. I HIS township lies wholly in the Ameri- can Bottom, and was once covered with heavy timbers of oak, elm, walnut, hickory, ash, etc. The soil is composed of the rich alluvium peculiar to the Mississippi bottom. It contains more sand, however, than the bottom further down the river, in St. Clair county. It is variously interspersed with lakes or sloughs, the larger of which lies in the north and east, and occupies about 600 acres. Long Lake, so called, enters the township in sec 4 and extends southward entirely through the territory. It is a theory by the more thoughtful, and close observing, that this was once the original bed of Wood River, and that it emptied its waters into the Mississippi further down. Chouteau Island lies at the southwest, and comprises about four sections, one-half of which extends into township 4, range 10. The island is formed by Chouteau slough on the east, and the Mississippi river on the west. There was a peculiarity about the timber on this island as com- pared with that on the rest of the bottom, it being of the soft or porous kind, such as cotton-wood, lynn, etc. The passage from the main land to the island is effected by a dike thrown across the slough about three hundred yards from the Missis- sippi. The township is well supplied with railroads, the Chicago and Alton and the Indiana and St. Louis railways pass- ing side by side, through its entire territory. They enter from the north in section three, take a southerly course and pass out in section thirty-three. The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific road enters in section thirteen, extends southwest, and joins the former road in section twenty-seven, crossing the southern line of the township on the same grade. Chou- teau is bounded on the north by Wood River township, on the east by Edwardsville, south by Nameoki, and west by the Mississippi river. It contains about thirty sections of land, and had a population in 1880, of 1,094. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The honor of the first white settlement in Madison county belongs unquestionably to this township. As near as can be determined the French established a small settlement on Chouteau island, as early as 1750. Not only does Gov. Reynolds so establish the date, but there were evidences many years ago, substantiated by those now living, and be- fore the river had encroached upon the Illinois side, that the above date is not far from correct. Mr. Amos Atkins, who is now 61 years of age, and who was born on the island, in- formed the writer that when he was a mere boy there was an 472 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS apple and pear orchard, the trees of which were t^o large that they must have been planted raiinv year^ before. One pear tree, he says, was at least a foot and a-half in diameter, and the apple trees were not far from the same size. It was near this orchard where the French settlers biiiied their dead. When the river encroached upon the banks, reaching this place of burial, many a ghastly skeleton was washed from its long resting place. The citizens of the island kindly gathered up the remains as best they could, and re-buried them in what is now the corner of Amos A'kins' pasture, in sec. 19, From present appearances in the conduct of the river, it is only a question of time when these same skeletons will again be washed by the waters of the Mississippi. We are unable to present more than one of the names of these early French settlers, that of La Croix, who afterward moved to Cahokia, where he died. Many years ago the island was known as Big Island, but was afterward called Chouteau, in honor of Pierre Chouteau. It is from the island that the township receives its name. The first settlement made by the Americans, was by the Gillhams about 1802. Their ancestor, Thomas, was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to this country prior to the Revolution, and he and his sons served in the war for inde- pendence of the Colonies. His family consisted of five sons and two daughters. Thomas, the eldest, was never a citizen of Illinois, but his sons all moved to this state and settled in the American Bottom. Their names were Thomas, James, William, John and Isaac. That which led to their settle- ment here, is shrouded with a romance of heart-aches and suffering, a brief synopsis of which is substantially as fol- lows : * James, the second son, was born in South Carolina, where he married, and afterwards moved to Kentucky and settled with his little family, upon the then western frontier They had three sons and one daughter, between the ages of four and twelve years. In the summer of 1790, while Mr. Gillham and his son Isaac were at work in the field, a band of Kickapoo Indians, from Illinois, were prowling in that neighborhood. Coming upon the- cabin of Mr. Gillham, thev stalked into the house, and at once took the mother and children captives. Mrs. Gillham was so overcome that she recollected nothing distinctly of the capture, until she was brought to her senses, by one of the boys, Samuel, exclaim ing, " Mother, we are all prisoners." But why harrow the minds of our readers, by relating the long, weary march, and the untold hardships of their journey through the wilderness, until their captors reached the village of the Kickapoos, then situated in Logan county, Illinois. What must have been the feelings of father and son, on returning to their little cabin, to find the fearful evidences that those they loved so well were in the hands of the cruel savages '. As there was no appearance of blood about the premises, Mr. Gillham became satisfied that his family were mere captive.'^, and that they were still unharmed. He, and one of his neighbors soon started on the trail, but after a long and tedious march they lost all trace of it, and were obliged to return. But hope that his wife and children were yet in the * For lluse facts we are indebted to the Madison Ccunly Gazetteer. land of the living, buoyed him up, and he resolved that he would continue the search until they were found. According- ly he sold out his little improvement in Kentucky, placed his son Isaac in the family of a friend, and soon began the long, and almost hopeless search. He traveled all through the Western frontier, visiting Vincent, ( now Vincenues ), Kaskaskia, and afterwards at Fort Washington, Cincinnati, to confer with Gen. St. Clair, then Governor of the North- West Territory. He here learned that the Indians were about to take the war-path against the white settlement. Nothing daunted he proposed to push into the wilderness, and visit every tribe until he found his family, but was dis- suaded from such a hopeless and perilous effort by Gen. St. Clair, and others who were familiar with the state of affairs in the Indian country. Five years had passed since the commencement of this vain search, when Mr Gillham learned from some French traders, that the chief of the Kickapoos, had promised to give up all American captives for a certain ransom. This was a bolt from a clear sky to him who had hoped and waited so long. He at once took two guides with him, and proceeded to the Indian village, situated on Salt Creek Imagine if you can, the joy of all when on his arrival here, the long lost family were found alive and well. The young- er son, Clement, was unable to speak a word of English, nor could he recognize his father. Some of the old settlers who are yet living, inform us that they recollect him well, and that he always acted, and had more the general appear- ance of an Indian than of a white man. The family returned to Kentucky where they remained about two years. But Mr. Gillham could not forget the beautiful prairies of Illinois that he had seen while in search of his family. Accordingly in 1797 he moved with his family to the state and located in the American Bottom, not far from Kaskat- kia. He remained here until about 1802, when he removed to the Bottom above, and settled in what is now Chouteau township. Three children were born to them after the re- union of the family, James H., David, and Nancy. None of them are now living, yet several of their descendants are citizens of the county. The coming of t is pioneer to the State, was really the introduction, and cause of the settle- ment of the pioneer Gillham families, and to give a history of each would require a large volume. In 1824, it is said that this numerous family could poll over five hundred votes. Wilson W. Gillham, who resides in section twelve, is one of the descendants of this stock. Samuel P. Gillham, a son of John the pioneer, died a few years ago, leaving much valuable data of the history of early times. His death was regretted by a large circle of friends. In the Pioneer chap- ter will be found a more detailed account of these sturdy ; fathers. At this writing, there are but few aged persons residing in this township who were born here in an early day. One among them is Amos Atkins, born in 1821. His father, John Atkins, was a native of Massachuisetts, and when but I sixteen years of age enlisted as a patriot in the Eevolution- I ary war, where he served with merit until peace was declared. ! After the close of the war he moved to Kentucky, where he RESiDZNCZ OF H ENRY W AT S O N _ A LT O N J LLI N O I S . RtS. HOT EL AND STORE Of W '- W. MA RS H , B US h \/l L L E , 3 MILES M .W. OF MITCH ELL STATION MADISON CO- ILL. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 473 married his wife, Miss Nancy Stewart. In 1807, he moved to Illinois, and settled in what is now Venice township. He afterward moved to Missouri, but not liking the country he returned to Illinois, and finally located in Naraeoki town- ship, where he died at an old age many years ago. His wife survived him but few years. Three children were born to the family at the time of their coming, William, John, Jr., and Charles. Three other children were born in Illi- nois. None of the family are now living. Amos, son of John Jr., is now residing on Chouteau Island in section 24. Even he is advanced in years, and has seen many hardships, and especially those connected with the great floods of the Father of Waters. In 1844 the water came into his house several feet deep, and the family were obliged to abandon their Home, and flee to the blufi' for safety. Within the last year he informs us, that he was surrounded by a sea of water, it intruding to the very door of his residence, and that they were fearful lest their house would be undermined, and perhaps, be washed into the angry flood. Mr. Atkins has lived to sec a portion of his farm go into the river. The channel is now far eastward from where it was when he was a boy. He predicts that it is only a question of time when his whole farm will be the river channel. Andrew Emert was one of the early settlers. He was bora in Pennsylvania, and came to the American Bottom about 1807, and located in section 33, near the southern boundary of the towusliip On his advent here he had a wife and four children, Elizabeth, Andrew, Sarah, and Henry. Two other children were born of this marriage ; Polly and Rose A. He was twice married ; from the latter re- union four children were born, Rachel, Eliza, William, and James. The father and mother died many years since, and but three of the children survive them ; they are all resi- dents of Madison county at this writing. The widow of William, Harriet Emert, lives in section 10, and owns one of the best farms and farm houses in the township. Two of the old living settlers, are the widows of Joseph C and Thomas Dunnagan, wee Sarah M., and Elizabeth Davidson, the father of whom was a pioneer who settled in the southern part of Edwardsville township. From the above it will be seen that two brothers married sisters. The husbands of these old ladies were the sons of Isaiah Dunnagan, the first settler of Fort Russell, and of whom a brief history will be found in the chapter on that township. A son of Sarah M., is residing with her, and conducts the affairs of the old home- stead farm, situated in section 12. They are a happy, and hospitable family, partaking of the traits of their ancestors. Henry Job was born in Pennsylvania, and when a small boy went to Virginia. Moved to Missouri in an early day, and thence came to JIadison county and settled in this town- ship in 1839, where he died about 1842. Mrs. JIary E. Montgomery, widow of Paris Montgomery, is a daughter, and the only one of the family residing in the county. Among other early settlers of about the same period, we record the names of the Hickles, the Bridges, the Ribolds. the Pettingills, and the Days. As stated at the outset, for some cause, there arc but few early settlers now living. It must be that the Boltom is not conducive to longevity. 61 The following are some of the claims founded on an Act of Congress granting a donation of one hundred acres of land to each militiaman enrolled, and doing duty in the Il- linois territory, on the 1st day of August, 1790, within the district of Kaskaskia : "Claim 18C9, Jean Brugier, Nicho- las Jarrot, 100 acres." This claim lay a little above the old town of Madison, and has long since been washed into the Mississippi. "Claim 115, Charles Hebert, [alias Cadieu) Nicholas Jarrot, 100 acres. Affirmed and located with others on the bank of the Mississippi, about two miles below the mouth of Mad river, now Wood " This claim is also in the river. " Claim 1841, Baptiste Lecompte, Nicholas Jar- rot, 100 acres." This claim was in section seventeen, close to Madison Landing, and is now in the river. Claims 18S0, Louis Menard, Nicholas Jarrot, section eight; and 113, Jo- seph Ives, Nicholas Jarrot, section seventeen, and several others are now submerged in the river. "Claim 545, David Waddle, 100 acres. Affirmed and located with two other militia claims in Six Mile Prairie. (This survey includes the militia claim of Alexander Waddle, and the improvement right of 250 acres of this claimant.") They lie mostly in sections 31 and 32. The above are sub- stantially the early militia claims of Chouteau. The first land entry was made by David Stockton, Sept. 13th, 1814, being several acres in sections 4, Sept. 14th, 1814. James Gillham entered 205. 75-100 acres in section 1. Samuel Gillhara entered 6.i, 37-100 acres in section 17, the 17th of Sept. 1814. John McTaggon on the 20th, following, entered several acres in section 3, Sept. 29th, of the same year, James Gillhara entered the southwest quarter of section 15, 160 acres. From some of the reminiscences left by Samuel P. Gillham we are able to glean many facts of the pleasures, hardship?, customs, and dangers of the hardy pioneers of the western fronti r. In 1811, the Indians manifested a war-like spirit, giving evidence to the settlers that it would be wise on their part to prepare for an emergency in case of any hostile dem- onstrations on the part of the Indians. Indeed, they had already murdered one of the settlers, and wounded another near Hunter's Spring, now within the city of Alton. This overt act threw the people into a fever of excitement, and they soon gathered together and erected a block house, sit- uated iu section l,on the farm now owned by Lemuel South- ard. It was understood by all the faniilics in the neigh- borhood, that iu case of any signs of Indian hostility the news was to be spread abroad in the settlement, and all were to flee for protection to the Fort. In after years the build- ing was utilized for school purposes, as will be mentioned in its proper connection. No signs of the old Fort now exist. The pioneers tilled the soil but little, and their wants were few. A small patch of corn, enough for family use, and a little wheat, with a few garden vegetables, were sufficient to satisfy their wants, so far as food was concerned, with the exception of their meats, which were principally confined to wild game, then so plenty in all parts of the West. Deer and wild turkeys abounded in great numbers, and bee-trees wer>2 so coramju that they were found without an effort. 474 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. They also cultivated small patches of cotton and flax of ■which to manufacture their garments ; the men, however, were dressed more or less with buckskin. Nearly every set- tler had his tan trough whereby he tanned his own leather and manufactured the material for his family shoes. Their means of transportation in getting what litile they had to market, was chiefly the ox team and wooden cart. One old settler says: it was as late as 1837, before he beard the name of "buggy." Cattle and hogs were their chief reliance for money. These were marketed in St. Louis, and were bought in the interest of the packing houses. The articles of barter were mainly deerskins, honey, and beeswax For these they would get in exchange their supply of groceries, a d other indispeusables for housekeeping. And yet with all these hardships and inconveniences, they were a happy and cjiitented people. The first marriage solemnized in this township among the Americans, was probably that of James Gillham and Polly Good, January, 1809. The groom was the second son of John Gillham who was one of the first pioneers of that name. Four children were born to this couple : Sally, Polly A., Kaucy and Martin. One of the oldest places of interment of the American settlers was a neighborhood burial ground, situated on the preniio,es of Samuel Gillham. It was at his house that church services were held in an early day, and his land was also the camp ground for the militia when called upon to muster. The first school was taught in the summer of 1813, by Vaitch Clark. The school-house was the little fort or block house, situated in section 1, which has already been mentioned. The second teacher was M. C. Cox, who taught in the summer of 1814. It seems that there was an interruption in ihe school until the winter of 1817-'18, when it was again revived, and taught by a man named Campbell, in the same old fort; he taught at intervals for nearly two years, and here the young pioneers enjoyed their only school privileges and advantages. It is said that the religious privileges were much better than the educational. There were several pioneer preachers, and their meetings were frequent. The services were conducted in the cabins of the settlers. The earthquake of 1811 caused many accessions to the church, it being a prevalent idea among them that the world was about to come to an end, and those outside of the fold made haste to join the church. Several good and lasting conversions were made, while others, after the fear had passed away, soon fell back to their old habits. Justices of the peace, at an early day, in Chouteau, were unknown, because the township was so sparsely settled. Those in the south, having any business before a magistrate, would take their cases before Samuel Sqniers, in Mameoki. Those in the Gillham settlement would go to Alton, and those in the northeast, to Edwardsville. This department of government in Chouteau is, therefore, of a comparatively modern date. Among the early physicians were Doctors TifEu, Claypole and White. The former resided at St. Marys, near the mouth of Wood river, but afterward moved to St. Louis, where he gaiued considerable celebrity as a physician. Dr. Claypole lived at Edwardsville, and White at St Louis. The first post-office was established at ' Old Madison," in 1839. Moses Job was the postmaster. At that time a stage line extended from Galena to St Louis, and Madison was situated on the route. The first mill was built by a man named Dare, about 1819 or 1820, and located iu section 32, on the property now owned by William Sippy. It was a rude affliir, and was propelled by oxen. A small distillery was connected with it. About 1837, the property was purchased by Samuel Kinder, who ran it but a short time, when it went to decay. Moses Job kept the first store, and sold the first goods. The business was conducted at Old Madison ; he had a small stock suitable to the wants of his customers, and also handled the mail for the people in that vicinity. This was in 1839. It was near this place that the first church-house was built in about 1, when he built a comfortable hewn log house. The old gentleman was a mechanical genius, it having often been said that he could construct almost any- thing from wood with the most meager set of tools. As early as 1819, he had constructed a turning lathe, and also did the coopering for his neighborhood. One child was born to the family after coming to the county, Emily, who afterwards became the wife of Robert Clark. Mr. Newman served as the first road overseer in the county. He was a useful man in the community in the day he lived, and died about 1825, leaving many warm friends to cherish his memory. Zadock, the eldest of the family, and the father of J. R. and Wm. E. Newman, married Miss Martha Ewing, in 1810. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. William Jones, and the marriage was probably the first solemnized in the township. T\Irs. Newman was a native of Virginia, and with her parents in an early day, moved to Kentucky, and thence to Illinois. She died at their old home in section 34, in 1828. After his wife's death, Mr. Newman subse- quently married Mrs. Sarah Cotter, widow of Abner Cotter, and afterwards moved to Missouri, where he died in 1864. Six children were born by the first marriage — only two of whom are living, J. R., and William E., who are prominent farmers, residing in section 11, Fort Russell township. The third improvemeut was made by the pioneer. Major Isaac H. Fero-uson, who is usually credited with being the first settler of the township. He emigrated from Kentucky here in 1806, and settled in section 18, on the land now owned by James Jones. In about 1806 or 7 he sold out his improvement to William Jones, and removed to what is now Marine town- ship. The family consisted of his wife and two children, Melinda and John L. Mellnda died in St. Jacobs in 1880, and John L died two years before in Marine. Major Fer- guson had command of a little fort in St. Jacobs during the war of 1812, and it was here that he gained his military title of Major. He left the county in 1842. and moved to Texas. When the war with Mexico broke out, he was HISTORY OF ITADISOIf COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 477 among the first to enlist in the cause. He contracted an illness while in the service, and die-ations in Nevada, which proved very successful. Immediately after Mr. For- man's return from the mines he sought an opportunity for investing his capital, and became the owner of the farm he now occupies, in Moro township, formerly known as the Nimrod Dorsey farm. An illustration of the same can be seen on another page of this work. Mr. Forman has con- fined himself exclusively to fiirming operations since his return from the West, and has his land in an excellent state of cultivation. In 1874 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Tipton, daughter of Elijah Tipton, a former resident of Macoupin county. By this union there has been born a family of fi)ur children, Samuel E , William, Nellie, May and Sarah. Politically Mr. Forman is a staunch Republican. MARINE. "1^ HIS beautiful, fertile and highly improved I township, now covered with valuable farms, dotted with handsome and com- fortable homes, and commodious barns, teeming with their rich stores of agri- | cultural wealth ; and the large herds of stock gri-zing upon the rich herbage of the meadows, are but the indices to the people, who are now reaping and enjoy- ing the fruits of those pioneers, who bore the brunt and withstood the privations incident to the early settlement and development of a wilil region. The early history of the township precedes the admission of Illinois into the Union as a State. Among the early settlers were found the athletic and hospitable Kentuckian ; the hardy backwoodsman from the mountains of Tennessee ; the thrifty and bargain-driving New Englander; the Knicker- bocker, and the chivalrous gentleman from Virginia. The present generation are a people of intelligence, education and enterprise. They are now enjoying the products and blessings of a civilized community, surrounded by all the necessaries, comforts and even luxuries so essential to man's happiness and contentment. They are the debiors of the sturdy yeomen of pioneer days for much of what they now enjoy. Through the etforts of the pioneer, the land has been made to blossom and bring forth the fruits of civiliza- tion and prosperity ; and while history may bear their names down to posterity, the early struggles with untamed nature and its final subjugation through their labors and the results thereof erect a lasting monument to their mem- ories. Marine township lies east of the central portion of the county, and is bounded on the north by Alhambra, on the east by Saline, on the south by St. Jacobs and on the west by Pin Oak. In form it is a perfect square, and contains thirty-six full sections. The township received the name of " Marine Settlement " at a very early day from the settlement of so many sea captains within its limits. The surface is beautiful rolling prairie, save that portion bordering on the water courses, which was formerly covered with heavy forest^ ; but time, the fertility of the soil, and the necessity of man, have transformed nearly all into fertile farms. The soil is rich, and produces large yields of the cereals and hay. Sugar Fork of Silver Creek, which enters at section three and traverses the township from north to south, finding its way out in section 33, several small streams upon each side, and the east Fork of Silver Creek 65 in the southeast corner, afford an abundant supply of pure water for stock, and excellent drainage, as well. PIONEER SETTLEMENTS. Major Isaac H Ferguson and John Warwick, brothers- in-law, were the first to intrude upon unbroken nature in this town.ship. They built their cabins in the edge of the timber on the southwest quarter of section 33, in 1813. Mjjor Ferguson came to this section of the country as an officer in the United States army, as early as 1806, and lived in the vicinity of Fort Russell for several years. He was a ranger during the war of 1812. He con- tinued his residence in the township until 1842, when he sold his home to Jacob Spies, and went to Texas. When war was di clared against INIexico, though an old man of seventy five years of a^e, he enlisted and participated in the war; and while in the city of Mexico, was taken sick and died. His children were Melinda, who married Nicholas Kyle, and died in St. Jacob's township in 1880 ; John L., who was born in a block house in Fort Russell township in 1807, married Elizabeth, daughter of Captain Curtis Blake- man, Jr., and lived in Marine township, continuously, until his death, which occurred in 1878: his widow still sur- vives him ; Lucinda, married Henry Riggiu, and subse- quently became the wife of Squire Peterson, and now re- sides in Bond county ; Elizabeth Ann, became the wife of a German, named John; Minerva Ann, married Thomas Uzzell. The two last named, with the other children, Wil- liam, Justice, Nicholas and Mary, accompanied their father to Texas. John Warwick remained but a short time, .sold his im- provement to Capt. Blakeman and left^the settlement. John Laird was also an early settler and the first magistrate in the settlement, receiving his appointment from the Legis- lative Council. He left the township prior to 1819. Other pioneers who made permanent settlements were John Woods, George Newcomb, Joseph and Absalom Ferguson, Aquilla Dolahide, Abraham Howard and John Dean, who settled in 1813 and 1814 and Chester Pain, John Campbell John Giger and Thomas Breeze in 1815. On the 19th day of September, 1817, a company left their plea.-'ant homes in New York city, and turned their course westward, to seek homes in the vicinity oi' Edwardsville, Illinois, where some of the party, the Masons, had been the previous year, and brought back favorable reports of the new country. Row- land p. Allen, his wife and son, George T. ; a nf gro boy, Henry, and a negro girl, Jane, servants given to Mrs. Alien 4J3 494 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS by her father in New York. Paris Mason, wife, a sister of Mrs. Allen, one child and two negro servants ; James Ma- son and family ; Hail Mason and family ; Elijah Ellison, ■wife and Towuscud, John, and Jacob, his sons ; Richard Ellison ; Theophilus W. Smith, an able lawyer, and after- ward a judge, with his family ; William Townsend, Daniel Tallman and several young men composed this party of pioneers. They came in wagons to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and there purchased a large flat boat, in which they pur- sued their journey as far as Shawneetowu, where they dis- embarked, continuing their travels by wagons to Edwards- ville, where they arrived on the afternoon of December 23, 1817, and found a comfortable log house provided for their reception, where they spent the winter. In the spring of 1818, Rowland P. Allen and Elijah Ellison moved into Marine, and on section 28 built their cabins, entered the land together, inclosed the same and farmed in common for many years, the land interests not being divided until 1838. Rowland P. Allen lived on his farm several years, then went back to New York, returned to the township again to live on his farm and ultimately moved to Alton, where he died in 1858. Mr. Allen was twice married, but only raised one son, George T., whom he brought with him when he first came west, and who in later years represented Madison county in the General Assembly in 1855, was a surgeon in the army during the late war, and afterward had charge of the United States Hospital at St. Louis, for many years, where he died. Elijah Ellison lived on the farm, which he improved until his decease, which occurred in 1858, his wife having died thirty years previously. He left a family of six sons and two daughters: Townsend, living in St. Paul, Minnesota ; John, who lives in this township and is the oldest settler now liv- ing in it, being well and favorably known by all the old settlers of the county and having honorably filled the re- sponsil)le ofiice of justice of the peace for twenty-one years; Jacob, who improved a fine large farm in the northern part of the township, when he died August 1, 1881 ; William was a farmer of this township, until his death in June, 1866; Mary Jane was killed by lightning while sitting in her father's house in 1838 ; she was a young lady of nineteen ; Smith lives in Taylor's Falls, Minnesota, and has never married ; Phujbe married J. Carlton for her second hus- band, and now resides in Champaign, Illinois, while George, the youngest, died at Du Quoin, while on his way home from the army in which he was a soldier during the late war. During the year 1819, Captain Curtis Blakeman, Captain George C. Allen, James Breath, Justice Deselherst and Cap- tain David Mead,"'all _old sea captains, arrived in the town- ship. They all had families, and came from New York, New England and New Jersey. They were all supplied with money, and were able to live comfortably. Captain Blakeman located on the Louis Spies place, which had been previously occupied by an early settler named John Scott, a native of Tennessee. Captain Blakeman brought with him a four-horse wagon, which was driven by David Thorp, a two horse wagon, driven by Henry B. Thorp, and a one- horse rockaway driven by James Sackett. Captain Blake- man and his companions were all strong Whigs, and while he was a member of the Legislature the question as to whether the state would become a free state or a slave state claimed the attention of the members. Captain Blakeman and George Churchill were the Whig members from this county, and E. J. West was the representative of the Democratic party. A vote was about to be taken; the legislature was very evenly divided, requiring the presence of every member of the Whig party to sustain their position. At this juncture. Captain Blakeman received a message to re- turn home in haste, as a favorite child was lying dangerously ill and momentarily expected to die. He went to his col- league, E. J. West, and requested him to pair with him stating the reason, and was flatly refused. Being unable to secure the desired and reasonable favor, he publicly stated that he would not leave his post in the legislature even though his entire family were dying. A Democratic mem- ber, by the name of Dr. Alexander, from the southern por- tion of the state, hearing of the circumstance, took pity on the old captain and paired with him. Mrs. John L. Fergu- son, of Marine, a daughter of Captain Blakeman, is now the only survivor of his family, but also of those of the same name. Elijah Blakeman, a brother of the captain, came with him in a two-horse wagon, bringing a wife and five children. He improved a farm— now known as the Sutter place— in section thirty-two. He afterward returned to the east with his family, and in 1840, he again came into the county and remained until his death, which occurred some seven years later. James Sackett, who now lives in Marine, came with Captain Blakeman. He was a boy of only fifteen years, and drove the captain's rockaway. He married a Miss Parker, whose father, Andrew Parker, came into the township in 1829. Mr. Sackett pursued the voca- tion of a farmer, until about nine years ago, when he moved into the town of Marine. He raised a family of six chil- dren, and lost his wife in 1866. About four years ago he lost his eyesight ; but his memory remains intact, and he can with much accuracy relate the incidents of the early settlements, and a conversation on the events of pioneer times is a source of much enjoyment to the old gentleman. Justice Deselherst, who at one time had been a mate on a ship, commanded by Captain Blakeman, came into the town- ship at the same time. With his family he improved the Frank Frisse place, and was the second justice of the peace in the settlement. During the excitement caused by the discovery of lead at Galena, he went to that place and never returned. M. Botchford, Solomon Curtis and Wheeler Cur- tis, each with families and two-horse wagons, came at the same time. Captain George C Allen brought two teams, one driven by himself and the other by William Coon. William May, a carpenter by trade, resided here about the same time, but soon returned to his former home in the east. A few years later, William Goodsell and fiimily came from the east, but dying about three years subsequent to his arri- val, his family returned to their former home. James Ground, an Englishman with a liberal education, settled on section nineteen, in 1820; and the same year built a com- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 495 fortable frame dwelling, the first in the township. The house is still standing, and is used as a residence. He raised a family of three boys and two girls, none of whom are residents of the eount_v, though some of his grand- children are residents of different portions of it. i^lizur Judd, a native of Connecticut, came into the state at an early day, and first settled at Old Ripley, Bond county. In 1822, he moved into this township, located on section nine, the place now being known as the George Accola place, where he resided until his decease. For many years he kept a tavern and the post-office on the state road. His death was sudden and caused by heart disease. He left a widow, three sons, Albert H., who settled and improved the south east quarter of section four more than forty years ago, and there died in 1865 ; George B., who lived on the old home place for many years, then moved to Minnesota, where he was extensively engaged in lumbering, and where he died ; Lewis S-, improved a place north of the homestead of his father, and resided there until his death, in 1849. The daughters were Sarah, who married and now lives in Minne- sota, and Emelinc, now deceased. Among the seventy-two families who came in a body in 1818, were John Baruaby, Lefferd French, Jacob Juhnson, two families by the name of Matthews, the Andersons, Shinns and the Balsters. Adam Kyle was among the earliest to settle out in the prairie, and as early as 1817, he improved the Jacob Schneider place on section twenty-nine. He raised a family of five sons, all of whom made homes for themselves in St. Jacob's township ; but all are new dead. Davidson Gooch, whose father settled near Edwardsville at an early day, improved a place in the southwest part of the township as early as 18:^5. He left one son, Thomas, who has been dead several years. The pioneers on the east side of Silver creek were Ambrose Houser aud his father; Felix, Michael, Henry and Joseph Deck aud their father, all of whom were natives of Vir- ginia, antl thrifty farmers; Mathias Long, John Ambuhl and William Geiger. Reuben Reynolds and Benjamin May were early settlers on the Vandalia road. John Har- rington, whose widow lives on section five, came with his lather, Whitmil Harrington, one of the early settlers of the county. Mr. Harrington was an extensive trader and lived in many parts of the county. He raised a family of ten children : Nancy, John, William, Charles, Sarah, Jane, Enoch, Parmelia, Harrison and Susan. Mr. Harrington died while on a visit to his daughter in Troy, his home being in Macoupin county at the time of his death. Jor- dan AV. Jeffress was a native of Virginia, and came into the township in 1834, and located where the town of Marine now stands. He, in company with George Welsh, opened a store soon after his arrival, carrying a general stock. Two years later he sold his stock to ilr. W^elch and moved to Washington county, Missouri, and engaged in the mercantile business until 1843, when he returned to JIarine and com- menced merchandifing anew, iu company with his son-iu; law, Thomas Fanjuharson, which he continued for two years, and then closed up his business and turned his attention to the improvement of one thousand acres of laud in the north and west part of the township. This land he had entered aud purchased when he first came into the county. He continued farming until 'his death, which occurred on the third day of May, 1866. He was twice married and reared a family of two sons and four daughters, children of his first wife. His sons, Alexander W. and Edward Jordan, are prominent farmers of the township. The latter lives on the old homestead and the former near by. Mrs. Catharine Voight, who lives on section five, is a daughter of Martin Schmidt, one of the earlj' German settlers in St. Clair county. Mr. Schmidt came to Madison county in 1838, and settled on Looking Glass prairie near St. Jacobs. He subsequently settled in Pin Oak township, on land purchased from Major Geary, where he died, leaving a widow, three sons and one daughter. George Howard, who resides on section thirteen, settled there forty-four years ago. His father, Blackstone Howard, came from Kentucky to Illinois in 1809. He was a native of Virginia, and first made his home at Turkey Hill, St- Clair county, and in 1812, came to Madison county and located in the six mile prairie, southwest of Edwards- ville, in the American Bottom. Subsequently he moved to the Chouteau Slough, where he improved a farm and spent the remainder of his life. He was a ranger in the war of 1812. He raised a large family of children: Patience, Obediah, John and Lovell were born in Tennessee; George in St. Clair county, in 1809 ; Elizabeth, Electa, Alexander and James B., were born in this county. George and Electa, the widow of James East, are all that are now left. The old gentleman was married four times ; aud died in 1853, at a ripe old age. William McAdams was one of the earliest settlers of the county, a native of Tennessee, and a veteran of the revolutionary war. As early as 1819, he had quite an improvement on section thirty-five, between the east fork of Silver creek and Sugar Fork. His fiimily con- sisted of five daughters and one son, from whom numy of our most promiuent citizens trace their lineage. The old gentleman died at an advanced age at the residence of Aaron Rule, a son-in-law, — who was also an early settler — received the military honors at his interment, and all the old muskets in the neighborhood were brought into requisition for the occasion. Major Isaac H. Ferguson built the first house, a rude log cabin, and also improved the first farm. The first marriafje was that of Lefferd French and Sarah Matthews, in 1815. Elijah Ferguson, a brother of Major Ferguson, was the first to die in the settlement, in the year 1815. In the summer of 1814, Arthur Travis taught the first school iu the smoke-house of Major Ferguson. About twelve pupils were in attendance. In 1819, a young man from New Haven, Connecticut, opened a school in an empty cabin which stood between the houses of Captain Blakeman and Rowland P. Allen, and for many years thereafter, the youth of the settlement were taught in old cabins and the Union church. The first sermon was preached by Rev. Samuel Lindley, a Baptist minister, at the residence of Major Ferguson, in 1813; and Rev. Peter Cartwright preached in the settlement the same year. The Union church, a substantial frame building, with clapboard siding and split shingle roof, was the first erected. It was built in 1821, on section thirty-three, and was in constant 496 EISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. use until the Union church was built in the village of Ma- rine. The old building was then purchased by John L. Ferguson, who used it as a barn. The first post-office was established many years prior to the laying out of the village. They received mail every other day. Rowland P. Allen and John L. Ferguson were the first postmasters, and had the office at their houses. Eben. Twiss, who settled on the State road, on section eleven, kept the first tavern, as early as 1820. This was a stopping place for the stages, until the village was established. The first mill was an old tread mill, requiring ten oxen to furnish the motive power, built by Captain Blakeman on his place in 1823. It was a great improvement on the old horse mills, as one hundred bushels per day could easily be ground. It was destroyed by fire in 1835, and as steam mills were then being established in the neighborhood, it was never rebuilt The school and church facilities of the township are excellent The numerous school- houses that dot the wayside, speak well for the intelligence and culture of the inhabitants. One of the finest school buildings in Madison county adorns the town of Marine, and her schools have a deserved reputation for discipline and proficiency. The gentlemen whose names follow, have been members of the Board of Supervisors : John L. Fergu- son was chosen in 1876, and was in office for three succes- sive terms. He was succeeded by C. W. Kettler, who served two terms. A. W. Jeflress was elected in 1881, and followed in office by E. J. JeflPress, who was chosen in 1882, and is the pre-seut incumbent. The building of a town was early contemplated by the pioneers, and to that end the following prospectus was is- sued, but the attempt was not crowned with success at that time. " One hundred Tuivn Lois for sale, in the town of Madison, in the Marine settlement, Illinois. On Saturday, the 18th day of November, 1820, will be sold at auction, at the house of Rowland P. Allen, in the Marine Settlement, between the hours of 12 and 3 p. m., 100 Lots, in the town of Madison." The town of Madison is situate near the centre of pop- ulation of Madison county, in perhaps the most flourishing settlement in the state of Illinois. The beauty of its site surpasses that of any other town in the state, being situated on a handsome prairie, embracing at one view almost every variety of scenery. From the town site, on the north, the view is uninterrupted by timber ; the eye wanders over a vast extent of prairie, variegated only by its appearance, so much as to prevent satiety and the view is ultimately lost in the sublime idea of infinite extent. On three sides, eat, south, and west, there are seen more than thirty finely im- proved farms, which, with the numerous flocks of cattle and the operations of the inhabitants, afibrd the most active and delightful employment to the mind. Beyond this busy scene the eye rests upon a beautiful and variegated view of w oods. In addition to the beauty of its situation, the town pos- ses.ses every substantial, natural and acquired advantage, among which are, an intelligent and industrious society, a salubrious atmosphere, an abundant supply of fine water, a first-rate soil for cultivation, timber, building stone, coal of a superior quality and an abundant supply of salt wrll shortly be produced from works lately established. Besides these local advantages, the great road from Vandalia to St. Louis and the roads from Vincenues to Edwardsville and Alton, and from Shawneetown to the Sangamo country, pass through this settlement. It is, however, needless to dwell upon the advantages of a place so well known as the Marine Settlement. Its reputation is established, and has become proverbial. fiiS^'The sale of the lots above mentioned, will be made without reserve. Terms, ten per cent, of the purchase money cash The residue in equal instalments of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Curtis Blakeman, Rowland P. Allen, George C. Allen, Pierre Teller, Adrian Hegeman, Abraham Beck, Nehemiah Allen, W. M. O'Hara, Justus Post, T. \V. Smith, proprietors." MARINE. Situated on the contemplated site of the town of Madison, is the beautiful little village of Marine, with its fine public park handsome church edifices and fine public school building. The town is well built, the private residences are handsome, while their surroundings are of the most pleasing character, bespeaking the wealth, taste and thrift of an intelligent and refined people. The town was laid out in 1834, on sections sixteen, seventeen, twenty and twenty-one, by George W- Welsh, James Semple, Jordan W. Jefl?"res3 and Abram Breath. The streets are wide, well shaded, kept in good re- pair and cross each other at right angles. The fir=t stores were kept by Jordan W. Jeffress, George W. Welsh and Abram Breath. The first physicians were Drs. George T. Allen and P. P. Green. The Cable Mill.— This mill was built in 1866, by Curtis Blakeman, John B. Parker and Jacob Spies. When first built it had but three run of stoue ; but since falling into the hands of Charles Yalier and Jacob Spies in 1876, it has been greatly enlarged, until it is now a handsome four-story brick building, with numerous frame additions, cooper shop, and all necessary attachments for its successful and profita- ble operation. It now contains six run of stone, two sets of rollers, with a capacity of two hundred barrels per day, most of which find a ready market in the New England States. The flour is hauled in wagons to St. Jacobs, from which station it is shipped. BUSINESS OF M.VEINE. Physicians. — Peter S. Weidman, Peter Fischer, Henry L. Judd. General Stores. — Valentine Miller, John G. Goerke, Henry Iloppe & Co., Henry Gehrs, Blauke Bros. Hardware. — Fred. Wentz, Kold & Richardson. Drug Stores. — L. A. Richardson, Porter G. Parker. Bolel.—U H Elbring. Post Master.— Fred. Blanke. Stove and Tinware. — John M. Hettel. Blaehimilh and Wagon Shops. — Charles Adler, John Koch, V. Deibert, Michael Ford. HISTORY OF MADISON COUJ^TY, ILLINOIS. 497 Wagon Maker and Bridge Contractor. — Henry A. Hoyer." Carpenter and Bridge Builder. — Fred, ^\'ebold. Wagon Maker and 3Ii!luright. — Julius Busch. Furniture Dealers. — George Gravius, Henry Ortmaun. Barbers. — William Apffel, John Weber. Clothing and Furnishing Goods — John Deibert & Son. Harness and Saddlers. — Henry Brandes, William Kocb. Cigars. — Charles Lewis Yarwig, Edward Frey. Bakery and Confectionery — Charles Pfister. Millinery. — Catherine Nemnich, Mrs. Mary Ellison, Mrs William Koch. Meat Market. — Henry Schmidt, Jacob Weder. House and Sign Painlers.—iSohn R. Kircheis, F. VV. Over beck. Watch Maker. — Andrew Volk Shoe Makers. — Herman Vaudersten, Peter Harnist, Henry Ackermann. There are five churches in the town. The Roman Catho- lic, German Lutheran and Christian, have fine brick build- ings, while those belonging to the Presbyterian and Metho- dist denominations are neat frame structures A handsome, two-story, five room brick school-house building was erected in 1874, in which are employed five teichers. The cost of the buihling was 810,000. Prof. William E. Lehr is the principal, and Messrs. H. C. Gerke, H. H. Elbring and August Versen were the directors at the time the hou.se was built. The Park was given to the town by Abraham Breath for a public square, and has since been fenced, trees planted and otherwise beautified by the citizens. It is now under the jurisdiction of the city authorities and is kept in excel- lent order. Marine Lodge No. 355 A. F. and A. M. — This lodge was instituted on the ISth day of July, 1859, with Thomas J. Prickett, as W. M., and William W. Pearce, George W. Fitch, William J. Loury, Curtis Blakeman, Alexander Keown and Joseph P. Steppe, as Charter Members. The Lodge now has a membership of forty-two, and is in good working order. The present officers are William E. Lehr, W. M. ; Henry Geisemann, S. W. ; Charles Schacht, J. W. ; Fred. Wentz, treasurer, and H Elbring, secretary. Marine Turners. — This order has a membership of seven- ty-five, owns a nice hall, handsomely arranged with stage and scenery, and frequently entertain the citizens with thea- trical and athletic entertainments. Treubund Lodge No. 30, was organized June 5th, 1879. It is a German organization, and has a membership of twenty-four. It is in good working order, and meets every Saturday evening, in Philipp Volk's Hall. ■ c<:^G'^ ^md^^- BIOGRAPHIES. HENRY L. JUDD, xM. D., Was born in Marine, Illinois, on the second of December, 1842. He is of English extraction on either side. His parents were Louis S. Judd and Mary (Danforthi Judd. His fivther was born in Massachusetts, in li^Ol and came to Illinois, locating in Marine, about the time the state was ad- mitted into the Union. His wife came to the county with her uncle, Mr. Caldwell, and it was here that they were united in marriage in the year 1835. ^[r. Judd was one of the early merchants of Marine, and subsequently one of the leading farmers in that township. He reared a family of three children, two sons and one daughter, viz: Samuel, re- siding at Marine Mills, Minn. ; Mary E., the wife of James M. Patterson, of St. Louis ; Henry L., of whom we write, and one child who died in infancy. Louis L. Judd, the father, died December the 28th, 1849, aged forty-eight years, and his wife died August 29th, 1863, there being but a few weeks' difference in their ages at death. Henry L. Judd, as before mentioned, was born and reared in Marine. He ob- tained his early training in the common schools of his native town, and attended for three years the McKendree College at Lebanon, Illinois. At the age of twenty he attended the 66 St. Louis Medical College, from which institution he gradu- ated in 1865 In the same year he located at Pleasant Hill, Missouri, where he engaged in the practice of his profession for two yearr5, which he vvas compelled to abandon on account of ill health. For five years he traveled in this country and Europe, for the benefit of his health, after which he located at his old home. Marine, where he has ever since engaged in his profession. In 18G5, he was united in marriage to Marie Antoinette Sherwood, daughter of Lyman Sherwood, of Albany, N. Y., who was at one time a prominent man in the business circles of Springfield, in this state, where he died in 1875. This union has been blessed with three children, Edith May, born July 1st, 1866, Samuel Sherwood, b3rn Aug. 12th, 1872, and Nellie, born Feb. 22, 1878, being just six years between their ages respectively. The doctor has held several offices of trust in his town, having been elected to serve on the town board, of which he has been the presiding officer, has been school trustee, and is at present a formidable candidate for coroner on the Re- publican ticket. Dr Judd is a clever gentleman, much es- teemed by the citizens of Madison county. 498 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, JLLINOlti. ^ r 'P^^^^-^MT'" T^<'-" Amon(4 the prominent and influential Germans of Madi- son county is the subject of the lollowing biography. He is a native of Bavaria, Germany, where he was born August 3d, 1817. He is the second son of Valentine and Phillapena (Rietzman) Spies, who were also natives of the same country. His father died in 1834, and his mother in 1838. Jacob was reared upon a farm, where he remained until his twenty-third year, then came to America on a tour of observation. He landed in New York April 20th, 1840, and a few days later came west to Illinois, and settled in Belle- ville, St. Clair county, and there remained for one year. In 1841 he returned to Germany, and in 1843 came back to Ame. ricaand bought a tract of land in sections 32 and 33 of T. 3N. R. 6 W. To that tract he has added, until now he has a large body of as fine tillable land as cau ba found in the county. On the 27th of Mi^ 1843, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Catharine Kauffmann, a nacive, also, of Ger- many. By this union there have been ten children, nine of whom are living. Their names, in the order of their birth are, Minnie Rosa, Julia, wife of Alexander Richardson, Caroline Louisa, wife of Charles Yalier ; Charles, Louis, Amelia, who is the wife of Preston Fahnestock ; Bertie, wife of Louis Kolb ; Jacob and Anna Spies. The last two are yet at home. In polities Mr. Spies was originally a Demo- crat. In 1854, during the excitement attending the Kan- sas-Nebraska difficulties, when it was sought to introduce slaver)' into the territories, he left the party and joined the Republicans, and from that date to the present has been a warm supporter of the latter organization. Mr. Spies has been and is yet a very industrious and energetic man, and much of his success in life is due to those characteristics. He has been a resident of Madison county for nearly forty years, and has a well-earned reputation for honesty and up- rightness of character. lu short, few men in the county are more respected than Jacob Spies. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 499 RUDOLPH BRUNNER Was born iu the Canton of Argo, Switzerland, December 20th, 1834. His fother, Henry, died there in 1851. He married Mary Burkhart, by whom he had seven children, four of whom are yet living. In 1854 Rudolph left his na- tive country and came to America. He stopped one year iu Scioto county, Ohio. In the fall of 1857, he came to Il- linois, and in 1859 he rented land where he now lives, and continued a renter until 1872, when he purchased eighty acres and improved it, and is yet a resident upon it. He has lived upon those eighty acres as renter and owner since 1859, except three years, when he lived near Greencastle. On the 7th of May, 1859. he married Miss ^lary Bircher, who was born in the Canton of Argo, Switzerland, September 14, 1837. She came to America in 1851, with her father, Louis Bircher. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brunner, two of whom are living, whose names are Emily and Julia. Gustave died at the age of ten years from an accident Both Mr. and Mrs. Brunner are members of the Lutheran church. He has been a Republican since 1864, when he voted for Abraham Lincoln. He has held several offices in his township, and at present is road commissioner. He has been one of the school directors of the township for the past ten years. Mr. Brunner has been a successful far- mer, is a srood citizen, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of the entire community. A. W. JEFFRESS. The Jeffress family is of English ancestry. John Jeft'ress, the grandfather of the present family, was a native of Lunen- burgh county, Virginia. His son, Jordan W., father of A. W. Jeffress, was a native of the same place, and was born October 31st, 1797. He removed to Tipton county, Ten- nessee, and remained there a short time, then came to Illi- nois in 1835, and settled in Marine township. He, in com- pany with two others, surveyed and laid out the town of Marine. He soon after formed a partnership with George JM. Welsh, and engaged in the mercantile business. In 1836 he sold his interest in the business to his partner and re- moved to Washington county, Missouri, and remained there seven years, then returned to Marine, and in connection with his soniu-law, Thomas Farquharson, again engaged in mer- chandising. Two years later he sold out, and purchased land in section 6, T. 4, R. 6, and removed there November 5, 1848, and engaged in farming and stock raising, which he followed until his death, the date of which was May 3d, 1866. He was a man of superior education, of a liberal and generous disposition, and pleasant and agreeable man- ners. In religious faith he was a member of the Christian church, and took an active interest in promoting the welfare of that religious organization. On the 14th of October, 1819, he married Mary C. Egglestou, who was born in Lunenburgh county, October 4, 1798. She died April 10, 1846. On the 5th of November, 1848, he married Mary A. Brilt, a native of Brewster county, Virginia. She died without issue March 17, 1872. By the first marriage is Alexander W., the subject of this sketch. He was born in Lunenburgh county, Virginia, December 13, 1830, and was in his fifth year when the fami- ly came to Illinois. He received his education in the schools of Madison county, and here grew to manhood. His life has been spent upon the farm. From choice and inclination he delights in agricultural pursuits. He has a beautiful farm, handsomely situated, with a large and commodious farm house, elegantly furnished, surrounded by beautiful lawns ; there he lives in comparative ease, and enjoys life in its truest sense. Politically he was originally an old line Whig. Upon the formation of the Republican party he joined its ranks, and has remained identified with that political organization to the present. In 1881 he was elected to represent his township in the board of supervisors, and in 18S2 was re- elected. He is a member of the Christian church. He is a courteous and hospitable gentleman, and in his home makes it pleasant to all who come beneath his roof. t> V NAMEOKl. I HE word Nameoki is of Indian origin, and signifies smoky. It was first given to a station on the Indianapolis & St. Louis railroad by A. A. Talmadge, while a conductor on that road, and afterward to the township, which is in the south- western part of the county. In shape it is a regular square of thirty-six sections, or, more accurately, 22,600 acres of land. It is bounded on the north by Chouteau township, east by Collinsville, south by St. Clair county, and west by Venice township Geographically it is township 3 N. R. 8 W. It lies almost wholly within the Great American Bottom, and [ hence is low and level. Its soil is sandy, and of marvelous fertility, and needs only proper drainage to become the gar- den spot of Madison county. Horse Shoe lake occupies nearly 2000 acres in sections 31, 32, 29, 28, 21, 16, 15, 14, 22, 23, 27 and 26. It abounds in fish, and is skirted here and there with timber. This lake was known to former geographers as Marais Mensoui. Long lake crosses this township diagonally, entering on section 12, and leaving on section 3, having here a length of nearly five miles. Several other small lakes or marshes are within its borders. Passing across the southeastern part is Cahokia creek, which receives the waters of Cantine creek from the east on section 36. A levee has been thrown up extending almost the whole distance across the township from northeast to south- west, as a protection to farming-lands to the northwest In the southern part, on sections 34 and 35 are several mounds, thought by many to have been of artificial origin. The most prominent of these is the Monk's mound, so named from having been the abiding place of the monks of La Trappe. The following description of the American Bot- tom and Monks' mound is taken from the Chicago Daily American, Aug. 9, 1839. Notes by the editor, William Stewart. "About ten miles this side of St. Lou'^ the traveler comes upon the famed American Bottom, which extends from Alton, on the INIississippi, to the mouth of the Kaskaskia, a distance of about one hundred miles, and expanding from three to five miles in width. A lot- tery, chartered by the State, is now in successful operation for the purpose of raising funds to drain this land and im- proving its health. It is a highly laudable enterprise, and deserves the co-operation of the public. The rich tract of land, when drained and cultivated, is capable alone of sup- porting the whole western country. A few miles from this point (on road near St. Louis), on the right side of the 500 road, towers to the view a beautiful elevation of land called Monk's Hill, from its being inhabited by a monk about the year 1809. A romantic cottage peeps out from a thick grove, which ornaments the top of the hill, and which we understood was occupied by some Jesuits about the year 1809." In 1807 the monks of La Trappe located on and around the mound, whose name perpetuates the fact. From Hair's Gazetteer the following interesting facts relative to these religious enthusiasts are gleaned : " The monastery of this order was anciently situated in the province of Perche, in France, in one of the most solitary spots that could be chosen. It was founded A. B. 1140, under the patronage of the Cistercian Monks. Their monastery had fallen into decay, and their rigid discipline relaxed, when the order was reformed by the Abbe Ranee a. d. 1664. Rauce was a gay man of the world, but meeting with a sudden misfor- tune — some authors say the infidelity of his wife, others the death of Madame Montbazon, whose favorite lover he had been — he renounced the world, entered this monastery, and took the lead in a system of the most severe austerity. Perpetual silence was the vow of the inmates. Every com- fort of life was rejected, a stone was their pillow, bread and water their only food, and every day each removed a hand- ful of earth from his grave. The furious storm of the French Revolution scattered them abroad. A branch of the order came to the United States in 1804, first establish- ing themselves near Conewago, Pennsylvania, then in Kentucky ; next at Florissant, near St. Louis, Missouri, where they remained but eighteen months, and came to the Mounds in 1807, accepting the lands as a gift from Colonel Nicholas Jarrot, of Cahokia. They numbered eighty in all, and expected an accession of two hundred others from France upon their settlement ; but the climate and situation were not congenial to the austerities practiced by the order. During the summer months fevers prevailed among them to an alarming extent. Few escaped, and many died. ' They cultivated a garden, repaired watches, and traded with the inhabitants. Connected with the monastery was a seminary for boys. To them is attributed the first discovery of coal here. Their blacksmiths complained of a want of proper fuel, and on their being informed that the earth, at the root of a tree which was struck by lightning, was burn- ing, they went to the spot, and on digging a little below the surface, discovered a vein of coal. In 1816 they re- conveyed their property to Jarrot, the donor, and left for France. Among their self-imposed conditions of life were : No one was allowed to speak to another, or to a stranger, TT \ 1#^ 1' S TvivVS:.- p If HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 501 except in cases of absolute necessity; neither could he ad- dress the superior, without first asking his permission, by a sign, and receiving his assent. They were not allowed to receive any letters or news from the world, and were com- pelled to obey the least sign made even by the lowest lay brother in the community, although by doing so they might spoil whatever they were engaged in. Their dress consisted entirely of woolen cloth ; they eat no flesh, and had but two meals a day ; their dinner was soup of turnips, carrots, and other vegetables, with no seasoning but salt, and their sup- per was two ounces of bread with water. They slept in their clothing upon boards, with blocks of wood for pillows, but in winter they were allowed any quantity of clothing they desired. When a stranger visited them he was re- ceived with the utmost kindness by their guest-master, his wants attended to, and everything freely shown and ex- plained to him ; and whenever he passed one of the monks the latter bowed humbly to him, but without looking at him. They labored all day in the fields or in their work- shops in the most profound silence, the injunction of which was removed only from the one appointed to receive visitors and those engaged in imparting instruction. When one of them was taken ill the rigor of their discipline was entirely relaxed, and every attention and comfort bestowed upon him. And if he was about to die, when in the last agonies he was placed on a board, on which the superior had made the sign of a cross with ashes, the rest gathered about to console and pray for him. The dead were wrapt in their ordinary habit, and buried without a coflin in the field ad- joining their residence. As soon as one was buried, a new grave was opened by his side to be ready for the next who might need it." The first sturdy pioneers to blaze the way of civilization across the sandy prairies of this township were Patrick Hanniberry and Wiggins, in 1801, who settled on what is now section 16, near the present Six Mile House, which is in section 15. The settlement, from its incipiency, bscame known as Six Mile from the fact that it was made at a point six miles distant from St Louis in Upper Louisiana. Wig- gins was a married and Hanniberry a single man. No de- scendants now live in Madison county to impart any intelli- gence as to whence they came or whither they went. The spot can only be designated and the date fixed of their early lo- cation. To the southeast across Horse Shoe Lake (known to the French as Marais Mensoui) on sections 35 and .36, or as entered claim 133 made by Jean Baptiste Gonville, alias Rappellay, and affirmed to Nicholas Jarrot, was Quentine or Cdutine village, established by Deloom and others from Praire du Pont, in 1804. This became a straggling village following the meanderings of Cautine and Cahokia creeks for several miles At one time it was a handsome village and the centre of considerable trade. About the same time, (1804) came Nathan Carpenter, an enterprising, thorough- going man. He erected a horse mill near Wiggins' on section 16, which was patronized by parties far and near. It was the first effort at milling in this township, and had little com- petition throughout all Madison county. Carpenter was possessed of an indomitable will and great energy, and suc- 67 ceeded in subjecting rude nature around him until a fine farm rewarded his effurts. In 1804 or 180-5 came to this township, locating on section 17, Thomas Cumniings. He reared a large and intelligent family, and was himself an honest, energetic pioneer. His sons were declared by many old settlers to have been the largest boys ever raised in Madison county In 1817 he and his family moved to Jersey county. Isaac Gillham, a South Carolinian, came here at the same time with Cummings. Most of his children were born in South Carolina. Their names were Thomas, Wil- liam, John, James, Isaac Jr , Margaret, Susan, and Jane. Thomas was elected a Justice of the Peace, and subsequently held the office of County Commissioner. The Gillhams were a large and influential family throughout Madison county. Four sons and Isaac himself all died during the winter of 1844-5. Isaac had been a Revolutionary soldier. One of his daughters married Robert Whiteside, of the popular family of that name. Amos Squire located where his son Samuel yet lives in 1808. He came to Illinois from Maryland, a few years prior to this, in company with Gov. Bond and others, and stopped first at Kaskaskia. In 1805 he married Temperance Worley, at Fort Chartres Here two sons, Samuel and Joseph, were born, so that he brought to his new home a family of four. He chose a pleasant place which had been improved many years ago. A pear orchard had been set out presumably by the French, simultaneously with their occupancy of Grand Isle (now Chouteau Island) ; a small clearing had been made, so that ready and willing hands found the way to prosperity already planned for them. Here members of the family have constantly resided since. Amos Squire was the first Justice of the Peace in the township. He held the position, after his first appointment by Gov. Edwards, for twenty consecutive years. He was a captain in the war of 1812, and was stationed for a time in Fort Russell. He died August 12th, 1825, and was buried in the family burial ground. This was the first interment there. His son, Samuel Squire, lives in the quiet enjoyment of life's evening on the old place, respected and honored of all who know him. His recollection of the past is vivid. The first school was taught in 1812 by Joshua Atwater ; the sec- ond, as Samuel Squire has a good reason to believe, was by an Irishman named McLaughlin. While his father was absent engaged in the war of 1812, when Samuel was yet a lad of six years, McLaughin gave him a terrible flogging. The incensed father upon his return from war, took the Irish teacher to task for his lack of of good sense. Among other early settlers were Henry Hayes, Isaac Braden, John Clark, Henry Stallings, and Dr. Smith. John Clark and Henry Stallings were both honorable, and for pioneer times thorough-going farmers. Dr. Smith was the first physician to practice his profession in the Bottom. He remained but a short time, and in 1815 was drowned in Kas- kaskia river. Henry Hayes, a native of Pennsylvania, hear- ing of Illinois' attractions came thither in 1811, and located on section 9, where he remained for thirty years. His per- severance was remarkable. Amidst a deep forest, he plan- ned and developed a fine farm. For pastime and amuse- ment, he loved to hunt the wild bee and from his sweet 502 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS store-house gather his rich earnings. He raised a large fam- ily. John G. Lofton, too was an early settler and an active leader among his associates. He represented Jladison county in the territorial legislature at Kaskaskia, in 1816. Isaac Braden came later in 1817. He was from Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, came in company with Valentine Kinder, who brought quite a colony with him. The party came by flat boat from Wheeling, Virginia, to Shawneetown. From this point their stock was driven across the country via the New Design settlement to this country, and they came from Shawneetown by keel boat to St. Louis, thence along the Si.x; mile route to their chosen home. The Hawks came with them. Both the Bradens and Kinders are repre- sented in the township. Thomas Kinder, Sr., one of this party amassed a competence for his family. He was a man of sterling worth, and died universally beloved. Robert McDow, a Kentuckian, who .settled near the present Kinder station, had a horse mill in operation at an early day. Those faithful servants of God, Revs. Chance and Jones, Baptist mis iiinaries, were the p'oneer preachers in this township. As early as 1813 they were declaring from house to house the blessings of Christianity. Rev. Lemen followed soon after. The first land entries, after the surveys made by John Messinger, Moore and Frazer, which were completed in 1814, were as follows: Jacob Linder, Sept. 15, 1814, N. E. h sect. 4. ITOiVs acres; John Hawks, Sept. 14, 1814, E. part S. W. i sect. 5, 135 acres; Hardy Willbaiiks, August 1-3, 1814, N. i sect. 5, 261} acres; John Atkins, Sept. 14, 1814, several acres in sect. 6; Henry Hayes, Sept, 14, 1814, 480 acres in sect. 9 ; Matthew Kerr, Sept. 27, 1814, several acres in sect. 10. Antedating these land entries were several claims, confirmed by the Board of Commissioners, formed for the purpose of adjusting the same ; which board reported, December 31, 1809, as follows; Claim 561, Clem- ent Drury, confirmed to heirs of Samuel Worley, 400 acres, described as being below the Narrows, adjoining patented militia rights of Samuel Worley and James McNabb, these rights having been located in the improvement. This is mostly in section 6, and includes the farm of Samuel Squire, which is among the earliest improvements in the county. Pear trees, two in number, are now standing there, a hun- dred and forty years old, as shown by the rings actually counted of those destroyed. Claim 1,844, Jacque Germain, confirmed to Nicholas Jarrot, 400 acres, at I'Abbe, thirteen miles above Cahokia. This is in section 32, on the borders of Horse Shoe Lake, and not far east from Venice Claim 133, already referred to as being occupied by French set- tlers, who founded Cantine or Quentine village in 1804. This claim includes "I'Abbe" itself, the monastery of the monks of La Trappe. It lies mostly in sections 35 and 36. Claim 1,883, Joseph Hanson, confirmed to Nicholas Jarrot, situated at Marais Mensoui. This lies mostly in section 26, on Horse Shoe Lake. Claim 902, Isaac Levy, confirmed to Isaac Darnielle, 400 acres ; described originally as being on the river I'Abbe (Cahokia), above Cahokia about twelve miles, near where the French church stood. Part of this claim lies in sections 34 and 35. Claim 1,838, Michel Pichette, confirmed to Nicholas Jarrot. The most of this claim lies in section 31. The first brick house was that erected by Robert White- side, on section 21, in 1820. The first farm opened was that of Thomas Cummings, section 17, in 1805. The first ceme- tery was that on section 17, on land belonging to Cummings. The first interred there was a member of that family, about 1810. The first married couple were united by Amos Squire, Esq., previous to 1812 Antoine Thomas and Cyn- thia Scott were the happy parties. To the war of 1812, went from here John Atkins and his two sons, William and John, Jr., Amos Squire, Isaac Hoadley, Phiueas Kitchell, John Thompson, who was killed at Rock Island, and Henry Hayes, certainly a large contribution from among the pio- neers of Nameoki. Being low and level, this township suffered great destruction during the high waters of 1844. Fully five-sixths of the entire surface was under water at that time. Steamboats from St. Louis, sent to the aid of the inhabitants, landed on section 6, at the site of an old Baptist church, where citizens had sought refuge. They were taken to St. Louis or to Alton, if they preferred to remain until the subsidence of the waters. In places, the rich alluvial soil deposited from the high waters is fully ten feet in depth. The first meeting-house erected »as the old Six Mile church, built on section 17, by the Methodists, in 1832. The Bap- tists built Ebenezer church, on section 6, in 1842. The building afterward passed into the hands of the Methodists. VILLAGE OF NAMEOKI. Consequent upon the building of the Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad, in 1858, a station was located on the boun- dary line between sections 5 and 6, for the accommodation of shippers to which was given the above name by A. A. Talmadge, a conductor on that road. It is a small village, having the following business industries : Hotel.— B. F. Squires. Blacksmith Shop. — Henry Pretzel. Drug Store.— Dr. T. J. Irish. Physicians. — Drs. T. J. and E. T. Irish. Postmaster. — Dr. T. J. Irish, who was first appointed upon the establishment of the office in 1876. About a mile south of Nameoki is a German Lutheran church, erected in 1881. A fine cemetery adjoins the church grounds. The Sons of Herman have here a neat, substantial two- story building, erected at a cost of $4,400, which they occupy for lodge purposes. The name. Sons of Hermon, was be- stowed in honor of the fact that Hermon freed Germany from Roman Catholic rule. Moltke Lodge, No. 15, was organized September 6, 1872, by Robert Krueger. The name was bestowed upon the lodge by Krueger, as a compliment to General Moltke, under whose command he had been a soldier. The lodge numbers seventy-four members. It is exclusively German. Its objects are benevolent in character. Six Mile Lodge No. 87 1. O. O. F. was instituted January 2, 1851, and the charter was granted by the Grand Lodge of Illinois I. O. O. F., signed by the Grand Master, H. L. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 503 Riicker, and attested by the Grand Secretary, S. A. Gorman, to E. p. Pettingill, T. J. Irish, James S. Smith, Amos At- kins and Joseph Squires, charter members and first ollicers. There are now left only T. J. Irish, P. G. W., and Amos At- kins, P. G., of the original five whose names and energy in sustaining the Lodge ought never to be forgotten. Six Mile Lodge at present owns her own beautiful cemetery, her own Hall, and about sixty-three acres of land, well-improved, and carries in her treasury from $1000 to $1,500, shielded only by Friendship, Love and Truth, and always extending her charity when needed to the widow, the orphan and the helpless, especially when bereavement is at hand. Nameoki, since the inauguration of township organization has been represented as follows : 187G-7, Philip Braden ; 1877-8, T. J. Irish; 1878-9, T. J. Irish ; 1879-80, W. H. Wilson ; 1881-2, Philip Braden ; 1882-3, Philip Braden. The population of the township, census of 1880, was 1,466 inhabitants. Extensive gardening is carried on here for the St. Louis market. The township is well supplied with schools. BIOGRAPHY. X^^^J^-'U/^ Few of the numerous residents of the American Bottom are as widely and favorably known as Dr. T. J. Irish. He possesses a firm mental-motive temperament. He is quick, impulsive and decided in character and conclusious. He penetrates a subject at a glance, grasps its minutise — com- prehending almost in a single thought what many others would require a long process of reasoning to determine. He has firmness and determination that never yields to disparagement. When he will, he will, and there is no use for the elements to oppose him. He is quick, but not combative ; firm, but not stubborn ; set, but yet reasonable. He is of a kind, generous, sympathetic nature. In his intellectual capacity he has the general ele- 504 ment of success. He is a man well calculated to win the good-will of all who are thrown in contact with him; and with his social, genial disposition he can disarm the most inveterate foe and secure his respect and good-will. Dr. T. J. Irish is a native of Livingston county, N. Y. He was born on the 28lh of -July, 182.3, and is the first child of Ben- jamin and Sarah (Tyler) Irish, who were natives of New York. The father of Benj. Irish was a Baptist minister in Auburn, N. Y. Benjamin Irish, the father of Dr. T. J. Irish, was born about the year 1798. He graduated in medicine in his native State, and in 1840 emigrated to Illinois, settling at Equality, near Shawueetown. At this point he remained HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 505 about two years, and from thence removed to the American Bottom, Madison county, opposite St. Louis, where he en- gaged in the practice of medicine with great success. He rapidly rose to the front rank of his profession, and attained an enviable reputation throughout the State. lu 184S, the Pope Medical College of St. Louis conferred upon him the ad eundem degree. He continued the practice of medicine until July, 18.")1, when he fell a victim to cholera. Dr. T. J. Irish received his education in New York. In 1842 he came to the West, stopping for a short time at Equality, near Shawneetown, Illinois, where he engaged in teaching school. In 1844 he came to St. Louis, and engaged in the study of medicine with his father, graduating, in 1848, in the Mi.'isouri State University, of St. Louis, in the same class with the late Dr. John T. Hodgen, who became one of the ablest surgeons of the West. In the same year he gradu- ated. Dr. Irish settled in the American Bottom, on section 8, township 3, range 9, where he at once engaged in the practice of medicine, which he has since followed with fine success. By the death of his father, in 1848, Dr. Irish came in possession of a very extensive practice throughout the American Bottom, and we but echo the universal sentiment of those who know him best, when we say that he is truly " a chip oft" the old block." Dr. Irish was married on the 26th of October, 1848, to Miss Lucinda, daughter of Thomas Elliott, Esq., who was a native of Virginia, and who was descended from one of the more prominent families of that State. By this union Mr. and Mrs. Irish have had born to them a family of eleven children, four of whom are now living. Tyler E., now a practicing physician of Nameoki; William A., a farmer living near by ; Terrie M., now in Texas, and Gillie E., now at home. Dr. Irish started in life with ()uite limited financial means, and he states, as an incident illustrative of his early finan- cial condition, that when he first visited Shawneetown, he was walking along the street with F. M. Little, and fortu- nately picked up a dime from the sidewalk, which embraced the sum total of the young men's finances — the dime in ques. tion furnishing the cheese and crackers from which the young men made a tolerable dinner. Mr. Little afterwards became Mayor of Salt Lake City, and a man of prominence and independence in that city. He is an own nephew of Brigham Young. As we have stated, the Doctor ranked among the more prominent in his profession, and rapidly accumulated a com- fortable competence. He now, at the meridian of life, owns upwards of nine hundred acres of the celebrated American Bottom land. His fine home place, near Nameoki Station, on the W., St. L. & P., C. A. I. & St. L. Railways, is finely improved, and replete with superior grades of stock of every description. In politics, the Doctor is now, and has always been an admii-er of the principles of the old and historic Democratic party. His first vote was cast for Tennessee's stateeman, James K. Polk, candidate for President in 1844. During the late war. Dr. Irish espoused the cause of the Union, and no man in Madison county was more earnest in his support of the government than he. The Doctor holds a large space in the estimation of his fellow-citizens, and none know him but to honor and respect him. ^^t^«^*J^§— GODFREY. Sft^^^^^^lHE extreme northwestern township of yjth^inV^isMt. Madison county was given its name in honor of Captain Benjamin Godfi-ey,one of the earliest and most distinguished citizens, and the founder of the Monti- cello Female Seminary. He was born at Chatham, Ma.ssachusetts, May 20, 1 7'J 4. His early life was mostly spent on the sea. It is said that he began the life of a sailor when only nine years old. He had time, however, to acquire a good practical education, and some knowledge of navigation. He spent some mouths when a boy in Ire- 68 land ; he was connected with the mercantile service during the war of 1812, and afterward became commander of a merchant vessel, and made voyages to Italy, Spain and other parts of the old world, and from Baltimore to New Orleans and the West Indies. On his last voyage he was shipwrecked near Brazos Santiago, and lost nearly all his property, and almost his life. This misfortune left him, literally, stranded in Mexico, with little means ; but his quick business tact enabled him to take advantage of the opportunities for trade which then existed with the inhabitants of that country, and he was soon at the head of a mercantile house at JMata- moras, then ou Mexican soil, and there laid the foundation 506 -HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of his fortune After making large accumulations he re- > moved to New Orleans, and in that city carried on the mercantile business in partnership with Wiuthrop S Oilman. In the year 18 >2, the firm of Godfrey, Gilman & Co. began operations in Alton, and for some time transacted a larger business than any other firm in the state. Captain Godfrey first became a resident of Godfrey township in 1834 ; he j purchased a stone residence built by Calvin Kiley, a mile i north of the present village of Godfrey, to which he sub- sequently added a wing on the north, building it also a half- story higher, thus completing it as it stands at present. AVith the exception of one or two years, during which his family lived at Alton, this was Captain Godfrey's residence till his death, which occurred on the 13th of August, 1862. He was a large owner of real estate, at one time being the possessor of ten thousand acres, a great part of which lay in Godfrey township, and owned more than four thousand acres in Madison county at the time of his death. He built, as sole contractor, under great difficulties, the railroad from Alton to Springfield, now a part of the line of the Chicago & Alton road. His name, however, will be chiefly remem- bered as the founder of the Monticello Female Semmary, one of the most successful institutions of the kind in the ■west. The idea of founding such a school was first im- pressed upon his mind about the year 1833. In com- pany with Mr. Gilman he came to the house of Nathan Scarritt in 1834, in search of an appropriate site for its location. Mr. Scarritt accompanied them, and a place was first selected about three-quarteis of a mile from the spot where the seminary was afterward built. The erection of the original building was begun in the year 1836. Captain Godfrey gave, in all, to the institution, upward of one hun- dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. His widow and three children are still living; his son, Benjamin Godfrey, lives at the old residence north of Godfrey; a daughter, Catharine, is the wife of John M. Pearson, representative from Madison in the state legislature ; and the remaining daughter, Emily, is the wife of Joseph R. Palmer, and resides at New Brunswick, New Jersey. THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS In the township were made in the year 1826. Nathan Scarritt seems to have broken the first ground for cultivation, but the first cabin was built and occupied by Joseph Rey- nolds. Nathan Scarritt was a native of New Hampshire; he was a man of marked piety, who left a religious impress on the community which existed for many years after his death. With his wife and four children he emigrated from the town of Lyman, on the Connecticut river. New Hamp- shire, and reached Edwardsville in the month of November, 1820. Ten weeks and four days were occupied in making this journey, though the weather was favorable, and they were able to travel every week day except one. On the Sabbath they always rested. On his arrival at Edwards- ville he had difficulty in getting a house for his family, and finally moved into a log house, with a stick chimney and hearth, and puncheon floor. With one or two exceptions all the buildings in Edwardsville at that time were log. The members of the family had no chairs to sit on, but their worst privation was the want of pure water ; but Jlr. Scarritt discovered that the insufficient depth of the wells and their lack of walls was the cause, and this matter was remedied. During the winter of 1820-'21, he built at Edwardsville a house of clap-boards, which Mrs. Scarritt helped to raise, " carrying up my corner," as she was accustomed to remark, " while the men carried up theirs," into which the family moved, in March, 1821. After a residence in Edwardsville of five years, Mr. Scarritt made his home in Godfrey town- ship. He settled on the prairie, and the farm which he made, now the property of L^ivi Springer, adjoined the present village of Godfrey. From the circumstance of his settling here the prairie was called Scarritt's prairie. His farm was the first improvement on the prairie. He died in the year 1848 ; his widow was living till recent years ; he was a member of the Methodist church, and the first religious services in the township were held in his house. The first school was taught in his barn, which stood a short distance north of his residence, where Mr. Springer now has a garden. His daughter was the teacher of this school, and the pupils, gathered from the families who had moved to this part of the county, were about sixteen in number. The first Sun- day-school in the township was also taught in this barn. Mr. Scarritt made brick and built the fir.-t brick house in the township. This was a large and substantial structure for that day, and still remains in good condition. Mr. Scarritt took no part in public aSliirs ; he had several sons who became useful citizens. The early settlements were made ai-ound, and on Scarritt's prairie, which was then three miles, or three and a half in length, with an average width of about two miles. Joseph Reynolds, who has been mentioned as having built the first cabin in the township, sold his improvement to Samuel Dela- plain. Among the early settlers on the east side of Scar- ritt's prairie, were Henry P. Rundle, Simon Peter, James Dodsen, Hail Mason, Joel Finch, Zebedee Chapman, Ezra Gilman and Rowland and Oscar Ingham. Later came John Peter, George Smith, John Mason, Zebedee Brown, James Meldrum, Richard Blackburn, Henry Waggoner, Samuel Waggoner, David Rood and Joseph AVhyers, all settling on the east side of the prairie. Henry P. Rundle occupied a cabin on the site of the pres- ent residence of Jeremiah Still. He was a tailor by trade, and carried on business for some time in upper Alton. His wife was the daughter of Samuel, and the sister of Benja- min Delaplain. Simon Peter came from Kentucky. He became a resident of the township about the year 1833. He was a leading member of the Methodist church, a local min- ister, and preached frequently. John Peter was his brother. Hail Mason became a resident of the county as early as December, 1817, at which date he arrived in Edwardsville, in company with his brothers James and Paris Mason, Row- land p. Allen, Theophilus W. (Smith, and a number of others. He lived in Edwardsville for a number of years, and filled the office of justice of the peace. He was anxious for the suppression of disorder, and while serving as justice of the peace at Edwardsville, issued a warrant for the arrest of one HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 507 Mike Dodd, from AVood river, who was accustomed to come to Edwardsville, and, while iii the state of intoxication, dis- turb the peace. Dodd and his friends resisted arrest, and tlie constable called on the populace for assistance. Mason, ■who, though wearing judicial robes, considered himself one of the populace assisted in Dodd's arrest Dodd brought suit against him, but Mason, whom some of the best lawyers of the circuit offered voluntarily to defend, was acquitted. From Edwardsville he moved to Clifton, and after a resi- dence there of a year or two he came to Scarritt's prairie. His house was a short distance northeast of the town of Godfrey. He served as justice of the peace after moving to this part of the county, and filled other public offices. He was born at Grafton, New Hampshire, in the year 1794, and died in 1842. His second wife was the daughter of Joel Finch. None of his descendants now live in the township. John Jlason, brother of Hail Mason, was also an early resident of the township. He was born at Grafton, New Hampshire, in Uie year 1780, and lived in his native state till 1837, in October of which year he came to Illinois, and settled on the farm, a short distance northeast of Godfrey, where the widow of his son, John Mason, now resides. He died in 1867. His two sons, Aaron P. Mason and John Mason, were residents of the township for many years. The former died in 1880. His widow still lives in Godfrey. The widow of John Mason junior, lives on the farm in section twenty-three, on which John Mason, senior, settled in 1837. Joel Finch was a man of considerable intelligence. He settled the place a short distance northeast of Godfrey, now owned by J. R. Isett. He died in 18-16, at the ageof ^even- ty-two. Richard Blackburn settled the place on which Charles Wenzel now lives ; and David Davis, that which Thomas Still now occupies. George Waggoner, one of the early settlers of the township, was a native of Maryland, emigrated from that state to Tennessee, and thence to Cape Girardeau, Jlissouri. He became a resident of Godfrey township in 1833. Four of his sous, Henry B. Waggoner, Samuel H. Waggoner, William W. Waggoner and Wesley F. Waggoner, still remain there. James Meldrum settled the place on the Brighton road, now owned by the Rev. J. W. Caldwell, who married his youngest daughter. Another daughter became the wife of the Rev. Jotham Scarritt, like the Rev. Mr. Caldwell, a Methodist minister. Ezra Oilman, one of the early residents of the township, was raised in the family of Nathan Scarritt. Rowland and Oscar Ingham came to Illinois from the state of New York. The former died in this part of the county, and the latter went to California. West of Scarritt's prairie, in the northern part of the township, one of the earliest settlers was George Debaun. He was born of French descent at Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky. He emigrated to Illinois, reaching the vicinity of CoUinsville, on the 20lh of October, 1816. After a residence of two or three years in that part of the county, he moved to the neighborhood of Upper Alton, where he lived on a farm till 1829, when he entered land in section nine and moved to Godfrey township. William Scarritt had, previous to this, built a cabin on a piece of land ad- joining, and into this Mr. Debaun moved with his family, while he was building a double log cabin on his own land. His daughter, Elizabeth Debaun, still living.says that on first coming to that place the family had no neighbors ex- cept at a distance of two or three miles. Three miles to the north, in Jersey county, lived John Wilkins. Nathan Scarritt had settled near the present town of Godfrey. Mrs. Lurton, the widow of Jacob Lurton, a Methodist minister, lived to the west, on the Piasa, on the form which is now the residence of McKinley Ward. Mrs. Lurton had three daughters living at home. The sons had married and moved away. One of the sous. Nelson R. Lurton, kept the first house of public entertainment ever opened at Delhi. About a half a mile further down the Piasa, lived the Cum- mings famil)'. There were two sons, James and Thomas Cummings, and one daughter, Maria, who became the wife of Richard Simmons, of Jersey county- ISIr. Debaun had eight children, and the year of his arrival he employed Miss Abigail Scarritt, a niece of Nathan Scarritt, to teach them, as there were no schools in the neighborhood. The families living nearest took advantage of this and attended ]Miss Scarritt's school, two of Nathan Scarritt's children, three of Mrs. Lurton and two of John Wilkins, seven in all, beside the Debaun children. The school created so much noise and confusion at Mr. Debaun's house, that the next year, 1830, it was removed to the old log cabin, built by William Scarritt, a quarter of a mile distant. Elizabeth Peter, a niece of Simon Peter, taught the school in this cabin in 1830. The next year while Miss Scarritt was teacher, the old log cabin caught fire and burned to the ground. George Debaun, resided at the place till the year 1849, and then moved with his family to St. Louis. In the days of the gold mining excitement in California, he started on a venture to the Paci- fic coast, and died in the far west, about the year 1852 Two of his daughters reside in Godfrey township, Elizabeth De- baun, and Jane, the wife of Isaac G. Howell. In the year 1833 Judge James Webb became a resident of the township, and settled the place north of Godfrey, where James Martin now lives. He came to this state from Syracuse, New York. He held the office of county commis- sioner of Madison county. Of his three daughters, one be- came the wife of George T. M. Davis, a lawyer then-engaged in practice in Alton, and now a resident of New York city. i Another resides in the east, and a third, who married Judge { William Martin, of Alton, is now living in the township. Judge Webb died in Alton, at the residence of his son-in-law, Judge Martin. I The first improvement on the place, which afterward be- came the residence of Captain Benjamin Godfrey, was made ' by Calvin Riley, who accompanied Judge Webb to Illinois from the State of New York. He was the brother of the Captain Riley who endured a captivity in Africa, and pub- I lished a book widely read in those days, known as " Riley's j Narrative," and from this connection was himself known as ' Captain Riley. He built a stone house, which was pur- chased by Capt. Godfrey, and which, with the additions made by the latter, became the beautiful residence of Capt. Godfrev, in which his widow and son still live. One of 508 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Capt. Riley's daughters became the wife of Amasa Barry, of Alton. Another (Mrs. Drennan), is living at Roodliouse, and another at Boston, Mass. After disposing of his prop- erty to Capt. Godfrey, Riley engaged in the mercantile busi- ness in Alton but with little success. He also resided one year at Edwardsville, and then returned to this township, and improved a farm on section eight. He met his death in Michigan, while on a fishing excursion. The boat in which he was with two comrades, capsized, and, not knowing how to swim, he was drowned. The first house south of the Godfrey place on the Jerseyville road was built by Captain Riley, and in it George T. M. Davis lived for a time. It was afterward occupied by James Hamilton, who kept it as a hotel. Hamilton was one of the workmen who came from the east to help build the seminary. A man na::;ed Larry Davis lived some j'ears in the north- western part of the township, but made no improvements of importance. Captain Edward Fisher settled about the year 1834 on the place where John Ward now lives. In early life he had been a sailor — the captain of a vessel — and thus acquired the title by which he was known. He was an Englishman, born at Battle, in Sussex, in the year 1793, and died in 1843. His youngest son, William H. Fisher, was born in England in 1826. He enlisted in the Second Illinois Regiment, for service in the war with Mexico, and died at Saltillo, Mexico, in 1847, of wounds received at the battle of Buena Vista. M. Jones settled on the Piasa ; and his son, Merriwether Jones, is now living on part of his father's old farm. Another early resident of the township was Samuel Dela- plain, who lived on the jilace east of Godfrey, now owned by H. A. Somers. He was born in France, and accompa- nied his father to this country at a very early date. He lived for some years in Macon county, Kentucky, and came to Illinois in 1807. For a time, he was a resident of St. Louis, and then settled near Upper Alton. The settlers were obliged to take refuge in the forts near Edwardsville at the beginning of the Indian hostilities, which lasted during the war of 1812-14. His son, Benjamin Delaplain, who was born in Kentucky in the year 1805, was accustomed to re- late how, when the family reached the fort, he was so alarmed at the preparations which the settlers hurriedly made for defence, and the talk of an anticipated Indian attack, that he crept into a flour barrel for safety, and remained there for some hours. Samuel Delaplain moved to Godfrey town- ship from Upper Alton. At the latter place, Benjamin Delaplain was raised. He learned the trade of a carpenter- For a number of years he kept the Alton House in Alton. He moved to the farm in Godfrey township, where his widow now lives, in 1861, and died there in 1876. He had owned this farm many years previous to his settlement on it. Mrs Delaplain, who still resides on the farm, is now one of the old residents of the county. Her maiden name was Elizabeth Reed, and she became the wife of Benjamin De- laplain in 1834. Her father, James C. Reed, was a Virginian by birth. While livingat Washington, Rhea county, Tennes- see, he was asked by John Ross, chief of the Cherokee Na- tion, then on a reservation in Georgia, to become a resident of the Indian country. He lived with his family among the Indians for five years, and assisted in building them a mill, and instructing them in agriculture. In 1821 he left the Cherokees to come to Illinois. Mrs. Delaplain was then a girl of tender age. At first he was a resident of Edwardsville. In company with a number of young men from Madison county, he went to Galena to work in the lead regions, but was taken seriously ill and returned to Edwardsville. He afterward removed to Brown county, where he lived about twenty years. He died at Brighton. Mrs. Delaplain was living with her sister, the wife of Andrew Miller, in Alton, at the time of her marriage. Andrew Miller became a resi- dent of Lower Alton when there were only two houses there. Josiah Randle settled in the township about the year 1834, and improved the place where George Lindley now lives. He was born in 1800. His father having died, the mother moved with the children, of whom there were eight sons and one daughter, from Stewart county, Tennessee, to this State, in the year 1814, and settled a short distance southeast of Edwardsville. Josiah Randle lived some years in Edwardsville and vicinity. In 1823 he became the owner of an old mill, built by his uncle, Josias Randle, at Edwards- ville in 1818, and operated it for some time. After coming to Godfrey township, Mr. Randle was one of its best citi- zens. He was a zealous member of the Methodist Church. He died at Brighton in 18.57, his death resulting from an accident in a coal shaft which he was visiting. One of the pioneer citizens of th-e county, Don Alonzo Spauldiug, is still a resident of Godfrey township, which has been his home since the year 1832. He was born in Rutland county, Vermont, in 1797. He acquired a good education in the common schools and in a private academy, and taught school. While his time was divided between farm work and teaching, he studied surveying. With the object of finding employment in surveying the public lands, he left home in May, 1818, and with a pack on his back which contained his clothes and a compass, he journeyed on foot to Olean, New York, a distance of three hundred and seventy miles. Here he met four other young men and joined with them in purchasing a flat boat, for which five dollars was paid. In this they floated and paddled down the river to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, making the distance of three hundred and fifty miles in twenty-one days. Here his companions left him, and he fell in with a family going down the Ohio who had a better boat, and with them made arrangements to board and travel. He landed at Massac. His first service as a surveyor was surveying a twenty-one acre tract of land for the county seat of Johnson county. This work took him six days, and for it he received twenty- five dollars. He made his way on foot by way of Kaskas- kia, to Edwardsville, where he arrived in July 1818. He knew Hail Mason, then a resident of Edwardsville, and also brought a letter to Dr. Caldwell. He says there was not a good house in the place at that time. During the winter of 1818-19 he was employed in surveying a tract of land thirty miles north of Alton. During the two months in which he was so engaged he did not see a single white man, except the members of his party, and only four Indians. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 509 During six months of the year 1S19 he taught school in Edwardsville. He was elected surveyor of Madison county in 1825, and held that office ten jears. In 1834 he took a contract to survey a tract of land forty mihs southeast of Chicago. In 18-58 and 1839 he surveyed public lands in Illinois in 1844 and 1845 in Missouri and Arkansas, and in 1818 and 1849 in Wisconsin. From 1849 to 1853 he was thechief clerk in the surveyor's office in St. Louis, and in December, 1853, was appointed Surveyor General of the district compri.sing Illinois and Mis.souri with his office in St. Louis. In 1854 he received an appointment as clerk in the general land office at Washington, and soon afterward was sentto Florida to adjust the accuuntsof the Surveyor-General of that stale, and for three years was stationed at St Au- gustine. Mr. Spaulding, in the year 1 8-'8, settled on section twenty-uine of this township, and four years later on section twenty-eight, where he has since retidtd He is now eighty- five years of age, and has probably done more active work in surveying the public lands of the United States than any other person now living. He united with the Baptist church in Vermont, and assisted in the organization of the Baptist church at Alton. Joel D. Spaulding, father of Don Alonzo Spaulding, be- came a resident of Madison county in 1825. After living some months in Edwardsville he moved to Rattan's prairie, and from there moved to Godfrey township in 1828, and set- tled on the place where Don Alonzo Spaulding now lives. He died in the year 1844. Henry Spaulding, brother of Don Alonzo Spaulding, became a resident of the township also in 1828. He served as a justice of the peace for a num- ber of years. He died in Macoupin county. Among the early citizens of the southern part of the township was Major George W. Long, who died in the year 1881. He was born at Hopkinton, New Hampshire, in 1799. He entered the Military Academy at West Point as a cadet in 1820, and graduated in 1824. After his gradua- tion he was one of the corps of instructors at West Point for a year. He was subsequently employed as a govern- ment engineer in Louisiana and Florida till 1836 From that time till 1839, he held the position of State engineer for the state of Louisiana. In 1830 he entered land in sec- tions thirty-three and thirty-four, and here during the year 1831 and 1832 he built the large brick house which was his subsequent^residence. At the time of the erection this was probably the largest and best building in the county. It was occupied by his youngest brother, Edward Preble Long, for some years, and became the home of Major Long on his retiring from the profession of an engineer in 1839. His brother, Dr. Benjamin F. Long, now a resident of Godfrey township, became a citizen of the county in Octo- ber 1831. He was born at Hopkinton, Massachusetts, in 1805, graduated in the medical department of Dartmouth college in 1830, and the next year came to Alton on a visit to his brother. Deacon Enoch Long, then intending to enter on the practice of his profession in Louisiana. He, how- ever, remained at Upper Alton and practiced medicine there for twenty-one years. He assisted in the organization of the Illinois Mutual Fire lusuraif-e Company, was a member of 69 its first board of trustees, and was its president for nearly a quarter of a century. He is the only surviving one of five brothers— Colonel Stephen H. Long, Deacon Enoch Long, Major George W. Long, Dr. Benjamin F. Long, and Ed- ward Preble Long — who were among the most useful and respected citizens of the county. Col. Stephen II. Long was connected for many years with the Uuited States Engi- neering forces. He made several early explorations under the direction of the government of the West and the North- west, and secured a national reputation for scientific achieve- ments and engineering skill. He retired from active service in 1862. For some years he resided at Upper Alton. Deacon Enoch Long became a resident of Upper Alton in 1821. In 1844 he removed to Galena, and in 1863 to Sabula, Jack- son county, Iowa, where he died. Moses B. Walker was one of the first settlers on the Graf- ton road. He was a native of Tennessee, and came to the township about the year 1828. His wife was a .sister of Samuel Thurston, one of the proprietors of the town of Clifton. Walker first worked at the mill in Clifton when he came to the township, and then entered land in section twenty-nine, on which he lived till his death. He filled the office of constable for a number of years, serving in that capacity while Henry Spaulding acted as justice of the peace. Mr. Copley, a native of j\Iassachusetts, entered land, and settled in section twenty-seven. His sons, John and George Copley, live on the place where their father settled. The farm now owned by Charles Merriraan, adjoining the Copley place, was entered by Mr. Buckley. Parker Dela- plain was also one of ihe settlers in this part of the town- ship. William Squire, who was born in the year 1814, in Dev- onshire, England, came to this country in 1835, and became a permanent resident of Godfrey township in 1838. He was a good citizen, and for many years an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He died on the twelfth of March, 1865. His sons, James, William Frank, and Heber Squire, are now residents of the township. James Squire filled the office of justice of the peace four years, and in 1877 was elected to represent the township in the board of supervisors, and has been re-elected every year since. Wm. Frank Squire served as township assessor twelve years, and is the present collector of the township. Elijah Frost became a resident of the township in 1840. He was born near Troy, New York, in 1812, and emigrated to Illinois in 1837. He lived at Kane, Greene county, till 1840, and then came to this township, first settling on Coal branch. In 1841 he built the house in which he has since lived The land had been entered by a man named Emer- son, but Mr. Frost bought it of Robert W. Finch. He was one of the original members of Bethany Methodist Episco- pal church. He taught school at the Bethany church in 1840, and has, altogether, taught thirty-six terms of school, mostly in Godfrey township. Ho has served eighteen years as township treasurer. Among the early residents of the village of Godfrey was '• Timothy Turner, who was born at New Haven, Connecticut, 1 in 1784. He became a resident of Godfrey in 1839. He 510 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. opened a small store, which was the first in the place. Ou the establishQieat of the p )s.-jlfica iu lS4rJ, he was appointed post master, and held the office till 1-569, when he resigned on account of advancing age and debility. He died in August, 1863. His son, Jarius B. Turner, still resides iu ' Godtiey. Abijah W. Corey, who, for many years, was a resident of the village of Godfrey, was born iu Orange county, New York, in the year 1803. He taught school in early life and intended to enter the minittry, but his feeble health obliged him to relinquish this purpose. From 1825, with slight intervals, to the time of his death, he was an agent of the American Sunday School Union. He came to this county in 1837. While in the employment of the Illinois Temperance Society, he edited for five years The Temperance Herald, published at Alton, a journal devoted to the inter- ests of temperance. He was appointed financial agent of Monticello Seminary in 1838. At the time of his death, which occurred in May, 1880, he was a member of the Board of trustees of the seminary. John Pattison, a native of the State of New Jersey, was one of the early residents of the township-. His son, Mi- chael H. Pattison, is living on the place which his father im- proved. Isaac G. Howell, Benjamin S. Howell, H. Howell, U Howell, and James Howell, all came from New Jersey ; Uriah and Henry in 1836, and the others in the spring of 1837. They assisted iu the building of the seminary, and then settled iu the township Henry followed the carpen- teriucr business in Godfrey. In company with his brother, Uriah, now a citizen of Jerseyville, he built the mill at Godfrey in 1857. He is now living at Princeton, New Jer- sey. Isaac G. Howell married the daughter of George De- baun, and is now living in the township. Henry Caswell built a house at an early date on the site now occupied by the residence of Benjamin Webster. This place was also the residence of Father Chamberlain, a Presbyterian minister, an early citizen of this part of the county. We insert the following communication from the Hon. William F. De Wolf, of Chicago, believing that it will be interesting to his many friends and acquaintances in Madi- son county. He came to the county in 1836, and was for several years a resident of Godfrey and Alton : W. R. Brijjk, Esq., EJwardsville, HI. At your request I write a few of my recollections of dear old Madison county. I fear they will be meagre and unin- teresting for all of my papers and memoranda of early ex- perience iu Illinois were burned up in the great Chicago fire of 1871. Indeed all the original matter I can give you must be taken from a memory, none too retentive. I say dear old Madison, for there I really began active life. There with a young wife, I looked back on our ancestral homes in New England and having left the comforts, not to say luxuries, of highly cultivated society, undertook to breast the storms of life amid the new and uncultivated fields of the vast West, Illinois then being comparatively a frontier State. In Nov. 1836 in company with my wife and brother, Fitz Henry De Wolf, now of Bristol, R. I. I left our native state and after nearly a month's travel reached St. Louis, and after a few days' stay in that city, then contain- ing about 12,000 inhabitants, started for Alton, our destina- tion, on the steamer Alps. The steamer was a frail bark, and I remember that when we met the strong current at the mouth of the Missouri it seemed as if the trembling vessel could hardly stem the rush of waters that came pouring from that mighty river. I remember having pointed out to me the widow Gillham's farm on the Illinois side, as an old place- On this farm I could see from our deck, an orchard of apple trees, large and thrifty and in lull bearing. The farm lay on the river bank while behind it the vast forest of m nense trees stood intermingled with groves of smaller growth. Alas "the orchard, the grove, and the deep tangled wild wood " have all been swept into the Mississippi. We arrived at Alton after dark and found shelter at the Alton House. Such an hotel in almost any town or village in Illinois, would now, 1882, be considered very inferior. But we had made up our minds to meet the deficiencies of the new West with the best grace we could, and soon came to enjoy the life about to be entered upon. In a few days we removed to Liberty Hall, Upper Alton, kept by Mr. Randle. Here we passed three weeks very comfoi'tably and then removed to the Piasa House in the " Lower Town." This hotel had just been finished by the owner. Judge Haw- ley, and was well managed by Mrs. Elizabeth Wait, a motherly, kind-hearted old lady whom I shall always re- member with pleasure and gratitude. At the Piasa my first child was born. Judge Hezekiah Hawley, referred to, was a native of New England who had passed most of his life iu Kentucky. He was a gentleman of the Henry Clay period and an enthusiastic admirer of the great Kentuckian. To Judge Hawley, Alton owed much of her early prosperity. Her enterprise was such that many thought she would be the successful rival of St. Louis. Indeed in 1836 and for a time after, the great firms of Godfrey Oilman & Co., Stone, Manning & Co., C. B. Roff & Co , Simeon Ryder, Lewis K&llenberger and mauy others compared favorably with the largest wholesale houses in St. Louis. But two large cities could not exist so near to each other, and the capital of St. Louis, together with the splendid location, won the day at the time spoken of; Madison county already contained a very superior population. No county of the State could boast of better citizens than Capt. Benjamin Godfrey, Ben- jamin Ives Oilman, George Churchill, VVinthrop S. Oilmar, Capt Simeon Ryder, Dr. Marsh, Cyrus Edwards, Robert Smith, Alfred Cowles, Dr. Btnjamin F. Edwards, John T. Lusk, Judge William Martin, John Bailhache, Moses G. Atwood, and a host of others somewhat advanced in age, not to mention the younger men then just buckling ou their armor for the battle of life, among whom I will name the now venerable Judge Joseph Gillespie, J. Russell Bullock, since United States Judge in Rhode Island, Newton D. Strong, Junius Hall, John W. Chickeriug, George T, M. Davis, the talented but erratic Usher F. Linder, and the still more brilliant McDougal, afterward United States Sen- ator for California. Among the clergy I remember with ever growing esteem Graves, Norton, Depuy and the vener- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 511 able Father Rogers of the Upper Town. Soon after Hon. Nathaniel Pope and David J. Baker took up their residence in Middletown, and increased the intellectual and social attraction of the neighborhood. About the year 1S42, 1 re- moved from the city of Alton into Godfrey township. Here among my neighbors I counted Major George W. Long, Don Alonzo Spaulding, the Mason and Scarritt families, and many others, all of whjm I look back upon with the kindest neighborly remembrances. Six of my eight children were born in M idison county. I take pride in saying two of my sous, both born in that county, served in the war for the suppression of the Rebellion. The eldest entered the ser- vice as a private at the breaking out of the war, leaving a lucrative position in the office of the President of the Illi- nois Central Railroad. He was one of the famous " Taylor's Battery," composed of some of the best young men of Cook county, and commanded by Capt. Ezra Taylor, of Chicago. After participating in several battles, among others, Donel- son and Belmont, at the last named receiving a wound, young De Wolf was promoted for merit to a 2d Lieutenancy in the Regular Army, to wit: Battery C. 3d Regiment of IJ. S. Artillery, commanded by Capt. (now General) Horatio Gates Gibson. At Williamsburg, Va., in his iirst engage- ment after his promotion on the 4th of May, 1862, he was mortally wounded while gallantly leading his men He was taken to VVashington, where at the hospitable residence of the Hon Isaac Arnold, then member of Congress from Cook county, after three weeks' suffering, he laid down his life on the altar of his country. His mother wa.s with him from the first moment ishe could reach him, after he received his wound, till he clo-ed his eyes in death. After knowing him for j-ears. Gen. McClellan, then Comraauder-in-Chief, endorsed an application for his promotion to ihe Regular Army in these words, " no better appointment can be made from civil life." Capt. Gibson, Commander of Battery C. under date June 7, 1862, thus writes a friend in Chicago: " In the battle of Williamsburg, one of my subalterns (a handsome, gallant boy from Chicago, named De Wolf), was wounded, and I regret to .say has since died. I was much attached to him, and if your friends know his family please assure them of my sincere sympathy with them in their bereavement, and my high appreciation of his coolness and gallantry in the midst of no ordinary danger. Poor fellow ! he joined my battery on the 4th of April; was wounded on the 4th of May, and on the 4th of June he was dead." I have dwelt upon the services and death of this young hero because I feel sure that the people of Madison will rejoice that the noble old county gave birth-place to such a man. Some remarkable events occurred during my residence in Madison county. The first was the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy, and the riots preceding. On the 2d of November, 1837, was held a public meeting, of which I was secretary, called ostensibly for the purpose of endeavoring to allay tlie excitement then existing, growing out of Mr. Lovejoy's advocacy of anti-slavery doctrines in the Observer. The meeting was soon found to be in the hands of those not will- ing to allow Mr. Lovejoy the rights of an American citizen, so far as public discussion was involved. This meeting. which will ever remain a disgrace to the American character, adjourned after the passage of some resolutions only calcu- lated to influence the mob, and which I will not disTjrace these pages by (juotiug. This meeting, had it been properly conducted, would have prevented the attack on the ware- house of Godfrey Gilman & Co., of the 7th of the same mouth, with all its horrible and appalling results. During the session of this meeting, 'Sir. Lovejoy made his great speech in defence of his principles and expressing his deter- mination, with the help of God and protection of the laws, to maintain his rights. I have heard many remarkable arguments in my life — some of the best efforts of Webster and Clay, and others of the great men of our country, and I have read of others uttered under the most thrilling circum- stances; but never did I listen to or read of such an appeal to the judgment and feelings of men as I did on that 2d of November, 1837. I cannot except the immortal defense of Paul before Festus. In spite of the hateful spirit which possessed the breasts of his foes, many of them wtre made to shed tears. But I can pursue this subject no further now, except to add the expression of my belief to those who have recorded the praises of Lovejoy, thdt he died fur his country, and did more than any one man, by so doing, to bring about theabjlition of slavery ; thus wiping a vile disgrace from the constitution of our country. I was attending court at Carrollton, Greene county, on the 7th of November, when the assault on the warehouse and the killing of Lovejoy took place, and thus escaped being present on the occasion which proved a lasting disgrace to Alton and left a blot on the American name ever to be regretted. The second event alluded to was the explosion of the powder stored in the magazine situated on the bluff behind the old penitentiary. A large amount of powder was there placed for safe-keeping, and it is supposed that fire was com- municated by some evil-disposed person, though what his particular object was could not be determined. So powerful was the effect produced that in St. Louis, twenty-four miles distant, it was distinctly felt, and people left the theatre and other buildings, fearing that an earthquake was about to topple the city into ruins. Almost every pane of glass in Second street, Alton, was broken, doors and windows blown in, plastering shaken down, and in one case at least a rock as large as an ordinary water-pail was thrown some twelve or fifteen hundred feet, falling on the roof of a house and breaking through a chamber, where a sleeping couple were suddenly awakened by the dreadful crash. The third event to which I have alluded was the great flood of 1844. In the month of June the " Father of Wa- ters" ro.se higher than at any time previous or during the present century. Large steamers received and discharged freight from and into the second story windows of the ware- houses on the levee at St. Louis. At Alton the same thing was done. Opposite St. Louis (now East St. Louis), then called Illinois Town, the river was from eight to twelve miles wide, and of sufficient depth for steamers to cross to the bluffs, to a place then called "Paps's" or '' Paapstown," where large transactions in cattle and swine, for the New Orleans and St. Louis markets, were made. The 512 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS done bj' tlie overflow was as great, in proportion to the pop- ulation, as that caused this year (1882) on the Lower Mis- sissippi. Indeed, so great was the destruction of property that the Legislature, at its next session, exempted from tax- ation, for a time, that portion of the State which had sulfered so much. In 1846, while living in Godfrey township, I was elected to the State Legislature, my colleagues being William Martin and Curtis Blakeman. After a rather stormy session, dur- ing which many important questions as to the location and termination of certain railroads were discussed, we adjourned in the utmost good feeling. While at Springfield, I had heard great things of the then " coming Chicago," and in the autumn of 1846 removed to this city, then containing about fourteen to sixteen thousand people. I will not dwell upon the years that have passed'. Suffice it to say, I have^ lived to see the State of Illinois become the fourth in the galaxy of States composing our glorious Union, and the city of Chicago grow from less than 16,000 to 600 000 in popu- lation. I have twice rode on horseback from Alton to Ga- lena, and from Galena to the head waters of the Wabash, and from thence to Cairo, returning to Alton along the shores of the Mississippi, when the whole State did not con tain a population equal to that of one division of the city of Chicago at this date. Orchards, now forty years old, are growing on lauds which once were prairies that I have crossed, without a farm for forty miles ; and yet I ara a new- comer in comparison with some of the old settlers notv living in Madison county. Since my removal to Chicago, I have pursued a quiet life, not aspiring to office or political pre- ferment. I have been Treasurer of the city, and for four years a Justice of the county of Cook. As my record here would not be germain to your history, I here bid you good- bye, always assuring you, and through you the citizens of dear old Madison, that I remember my stay in that county with unalloyed pleasure, and look back upon it as a green ?pot, an oasis, in the great desert of life. Chicago, April, 1882. William F. De Wolf. Judge Joseph Gillespie, having read the above letter, makes the following comments : " Hon, William F. De Wolf was for many years an hon- ored citizen of this county, and her able and faithful Kepre- sentive in the Legislature. He was one of the few citizens of Alton who took a stand in favor of sustaining the right claimed by the lamented Lovejoy, of expressing his opinions on the subject of slavery, as well as all other questions of ff public character, being amenable to the laws for the abuse of such a right, and if the counsels of Mr, De Wolf had prevailed we would have been spared the necessity of havii g to apologize for the greatest iniquity of the nineteenth cen- tury ; the atrocious murder of one of the greatest and best men in the land, by a worthless mob, for the exercise of a right guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the coun- try. But the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church, and Elijah Lovejoy's blood fructified the whole land- In his death he pulled down the temples of Dagon. Mr, De Wolf was a fine lawyer, an affluent and influtntial public servant and blameless in all the walks of life. He was fortunate and unfortunate in his family. Fortunate in rearing a large family of most estimable and aflfectionate children ; but sorely tried in the furnace of affliction in the loss of four lovely daughters by the explosion on the ill-fated steamer Bay State, in September, 1853, which was followed in 1862 by the death of his noble and heroic son, William De Wolf, Lieutenant Co. C, Srd Regt., U. S. Artillery, who was mortally wounded while gallantly leading his command at the battle of Williamsburg, Virginia. Young De Wolf had been previously wounded at the battle of Belmont, showing that he was ever in the front, at the post of danger. Although he entered as a private into the service of his country, he very soon so signalized himself as to be transferred to the regular army. He was taken ofl' at the age of 21, with bril- liant prospects, and hopes of rapid preferment before him. He together with his brothers and sisters were born in Madi- son county, and we have a right to be proud of him. I am gratified to be afforded this opportunity of paying ihis feeble tribute of respect to so worthy a scion of my esteemed friend Hit> whom I have spent so much time at the Courts and iu the Halls of Legislation, He and I are in the sere and yel- low leaf, but I trust he may be spared many years to bless his family, and reflect honor upon his country as he has so well done in times past." The early residents of the township were obliged to in- dure the discomforts usual to pioneer life. Wild animals iu early days were numerous. The wolves killed in one night, nineteen sheep belonging to Joel, Finch, and in one night iu the winter of 1842, six, out of nine sheep, belonging to James Meldrum. It is said of Ezra Oilman, that he killed a panther with no other weapon than a heavy stick. His dog, a large, heavy one, was in pursuit of a wolf, and ran around the head of a hollow, which Gilman crossed, to find that a panther had clinched his dog, and that the two were strug- gling together, Gilman took a stake from his sledge, and beat the panther on the head till he killed him, and thus saved the dog. Panthers were seen iu the township as late as the year 1850. LAND ENTRIES, The earliest entries of land were made by Jacob Lurton one hundred and six acres, in section six, October 13, 1820, Josiah Cummings, Oct 13, 1820 ; N. E. quarter section six ; Isaac Scarritt, one huudred and seven and sixty-two-one hundredthsacres, section four, January 17, 1821 ; Joel Finch, I D Maurop, and M. Malary, eighty acres in section 26, Jan- uary 28 1822 ; Joseph S. Eeynolds, eighty acres in section twenty-three, March 2, 1822 ; and John Murray, east half of northeast quarter of section twenty-six, eighty acres. May 24, 1822. PHYSICAL CHAEACTERISTICS. Though the whole or part of thirty six sections are com- prised in this township the area is but little in excess of thirty square miles. The northern tier of sections is cut by the line dividing Madison from Jersey and Macoupin counties, and the southwestern sections are materially encroached upon by the Mississippi river. A small portion of the township in FARM RESIDENCE OF LOUIS WALTER SEC- 16 T., 6 R. lO (GODFREY TP) MADISON,CO. ILL. FARM RESIDENCE OF Z. BROWN SEC. 9 T. 6 R. 10 (GODFREY TR MADISON. CO. ILL. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 613 the northeast is prairie ; the remainder was originally cov- ered with heavy timber. The surface in the prairie portion of the township is level ; the rest is mostly rolling, but well adapted to agriculture. There is scarcely au acre that is not susceptible of cultivation in some form. A range of Rocky bluff lines the Mississippi. There area number of small streams, but only two of sufficient importance to have received a name. The Piasa creek, running through the wcbtern part of the township into the Mississippi, and Coal Branch in the southeast, emptying into Wood river. Beside the usuatagricultural products of corn, wheat and hay, much attention s devoted to the raising of fruit. Large quantities of apples, peaches, pears aud smaller fruit are shipped annually to the St. Louis aud Chicago markets. The bluff lands along the Mississippi have been found to be peculiarly adapted to fruit culture, aud numerous orchards and vineyards have here been planted. A fruit distillery was established by John Castagnetta, about a mile north of the village of Godfrey, in 1872. He manufactured large quantities of apple, peach, and grape brandy and champagne cider. Of cider he makes six or eight hundred barrels each year, and in 1880 he made one thousand barrels. EARLY SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. Mention has already been made that the first school in the township was taught in the barn of Nathan Scarriit, whose daughter Laura was the teacher. Sixteen children attended this school. A school was also taught in the years 1829, 1830, and 1831, at the residence of George Debaun. Abigail Scarritt and Elizabeth Pettr were the teachers. About the year 1832 or 1833, a tchool was established at the Bethany church, and for some years afterward this was the only school in the township. A West Point cadet, named Johnson, taught this school in 1839. Elijah Frost, now living in the township, took charge of the school in 1840, and taught it three years. This was still at that time the only school in the township, aud pupils came to at- tend it from Clifton and Jersey county, boarding in the neighborhood. Subsequent teachers were Mrs. Russell Scar- ritt, Mary Jane Scarritt, the youngest daughter of Nathan Scarritt, and William Cunningham. The township was or- ganized for school purposes in the year 1842. The first Sunday-school was taught in the barn of Nathan Scarritt in the summer of the year 1829. Early religious services were held at the house of Nathan Scarritt, and here the first sermon was preachfd in the sum- mer of the year 1828, by the Rev. John Hogan, a Metho- dist minister, now a resident of St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Hogan was then carrying on the mercantile business at Edwards- ville, subsequently became a resident of Alton, and afterward of St. Louis. A Methodist clasi was organized at the lime of the fir.''t settlement of the township, but no regular church organiza- tion existed till 1842. On the 26tli of Diceniber of that year Bethany church was organized Among the original members were Hail ^lason, Nathan Scarritt, Josiah Randle, Simon Peter, James Meldrura, John Mason, Jr., Aaron P. 70 Mason, Richard Blackburn, Elijah Frost, David Rood aud William Squire. The name of Bethany was suggested by Henry P. Rundle. Simon Peter gave to the society the ground on which the church was built. The Randies, Scarritts and others were warm supporters of the Methodist church, aud it was usual for them on Wednesday nights to get a big wagon and drive around the neighborhood, col- lecting a goo who removed the office to the present town of North Alton. The office was called Buck Inn, up to the time of the incor- poration of the town of North Alton. In this part of God- frey township, Adolphus Denz built a steam mill in I860. The machinery was transferred in 1882 to a new mill erecf ed just north of North Alton, on section thirty-five. There HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 515 is also a blacksmith shop, wagon shop and marble-cutting shop, in this part of the township, Supervlmrs. Tohn M. Pearson, elected in 1876-77 ; was succeeded by James Squire, in 1877-78, and by re-elec- tion, Mr. Squire has represented the township to the present. Present Township OJicerg. — Supervisor, James Squire; Clerk, James W.Martin ; Assessor, Peter Hughes; Collector, William Frank Squire; Commissioners on Highways, Jona- than L. Pierce, Peter Myer, George Lindley ; Justices of the Peace, J. F. Boyd, P. J. Welling; Constables, Frank Boyd, John Meysenheimer ; Trustees, L. Bushnell, N- Challa- combe, John Y. Sawyer ; Sjhool Treasurer, Elijah Frost. — -«-^'^*J^^^?*?«-'-' BIOGRAPHIES. ROLAND J. INGHAM. The Emerald Isle has contributed many of her sons to America who have taken high rank in literature, in art and in science. Among such may be properly classed the Ing- ham family, who lived in Dublin, and who in their native home were liberal patrons of art. Thomas and Jennie Ing- ham came to this country in 181(3. lauding first in New York city, thence to Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Thomas was the son of a gentleman, a lauded proprietor of Dublin. He had a family of five sons and four daughters. A son Charles, was an artist, in which pursuit he excelled. Of his paintings at least two, "The Lovers ' and " Death of Cleo- patra," have received recognition of critics as masterpieces. Thomas, a retired merchant in New York city, and now the sole survivor of the family; Roland J., the subject of this sketch; Sydney, who was lost at sea in 1841 ; Oscar, who lived with Roland and died here in 1870 ; Florence, Paulina, Augusta and Jane Rowena. Roland J. Ingham was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 6ih, 1.^07. In 18:j."), with his father's family became west, locating about a mile from the present home of Lucretia Ingham. His father returned to Utica, New York, a few years after, where he died January 9th, 1817. Mr. Ingham's first wife was Rebecca Peutzer, by whom he had five children, three of whom are living. Two of his sons, Charles and Theron B., were soldiers in the United States service during the rebellion. On the 22d of April, 18.5:i, he was united in marriage by Rev. Wash- ington Wagoner, a Methodist Episcopal minister, to Lucretia M Ragsdale, formerly of East Tennessee, although a Virginian. By this marriage there were b3rn eight chil- dren, seven of whom are living. Names as follows ; Emma Augusta, Thomas Cassius, Julia Paulina, James Arthur, Sydney Roland, Jane Rowena and William Eilward. Mr. Ingham was educated in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and brought to his farming operations fair culture and a great love of art. His beautiful home bespeaks his taste. He was an earnest Republican in p )litic3, and a devoted mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church in religious faith. Pro- gressive in his views, his days were all days of activity. Eminently social in his home, its attractions were shared by neighbors and friends. Loved and respected and full of years, he died February 2d, 1881. JOHN CASTAGNETTA. It is a peculiarity of the institutions of the United States in contradistinction to the institutions of every other country, that they assimilate different and discordant nation- alities. Every year hundreds of thousands of emigrants arrive from different countries, accustomed to other forms of government speaking other languages, observing differ- ent customs; yet are absorbed and assimilated into a nation- ality. In fact we are a nation of foreign elements. Italy has contributed many of her sons since Columbus discovered the islands along our eastern shores. John Castagnetta was born in Genoa, Italy, April 18, 1829. In 18.53, he reached New York to try his fortune in the new world. His first employment was as a railroad hand on the Charleston and Memphis railroad, then as a baker and confectioner, which he learned in Charleston In 1855, he made his way to St. Louis, thence in November to Alton. In 1856, he locited where he now resides, in Godfrey township, where he engaged in the manufacture of wines, brandies, etc., a business he has since prosecuted with great success. He married Julia Gro.«jean, July 4th, 18,58. She was a native of Paris, France, from whence she came to Highland when a child. They have three children living, Louis, James and Louisa. Mr. Castagnetta is prompt, energetic and awake to business. illtj HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. yji Or-^^A^^^ L ^^' ) ^l ^^U/^ One of the representative men of bis township, was born ill New Hampshire, August 5th, 1806. His father and grandfather were also natives of the old granite state. When quite young his parents moved to New York, and during the war of 1812, moved to Vermont. Here he ac- quired a fair common school education. In October, 1837, they came to Illinois and settled where his widow now lives. He was married to Perlina Pond in Vermont, in 1833; by her he had three children, Ann Louisa Havens, now living in Chicago, Illinois ; Charles Henry, killed by the falling of a tree, and Hekn Perlina, wife of William B. Hancock. His second wife was the widow of a printer, Henry K. Stock- ton, who died in Upper Alton in 1838. Mrs. Stockton's maiden name was Cynthia Northway. She was born in New Hartford, New York, August 8th, 1798. From 1840 to 1844, she was matron in Monticello Seminary. She was married to John Mason, May 1st, 1846. Few men in the community where he lived were more thought of than John Mason ; the counsel of few was more sought. Earnest in all his undertakings ; faithful in the discharge of all his duties, he was respected of all. His death was mourned by many friends. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 517 C^..€A.y?-^ ^i^?k^^ Son of Asaph and Eunice Andrews Merriman, was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, on the 14th of August 1811. His parents were both direct descendants of Lieutenant Nathan- iel Merriman and Nathan Andrews, original settlers of the town of Wallingford in 1669. He was the fifth born of six children, and lived at home on the farm until his seven- teenth year, when his father died. He went to New Haven to learn the carpenter's trade; thence to Boston, ]\Iass., where he was united in marriage with Miss Edith Bishop on March 29th, 1834. This marked an epoch in his history, since by virtue of it he became, as was his wife, an earnest and zealous member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in which relation he remained until his death. Mr. Merriman was not free from the ambitions of this life. In the summer of 1835, leaving his wife and infant son Charles in Midd'e- town, he started west, going first via the lakes and canal to his brother's in Granville, Ohio. Tarrying but a short time he proceeded by horse and buggy westward, reaching Teoria, Illinois, in the early autumn time of 1835. There he pre- sented his church letters to Bishop Chase, who said to him : " You are the very man I want, come along with me." Ar- rangements were made for him to accompany the Bishop to the site of his new college. There he and the Bishop worked together in the construction of the famous " Robin's Nest," so called because composed chiefly of mud and sticks. They roomed together, sleeping on a rude sapling bed under which the chickens roosted. As soon as the Bishop and family were comfortably housed, Mr. Merriman left for St. Louis. For nine years he remained here plying his trade, as carpenter and builder. In 1844 he commenced farming operations in St. Louis Co., Missouri. Here he carried with him his devotion and influence as a Christian man, and was the means of establi.*hing a mission at Bridgeton, a town near his home. In 1845 his wife Edith died, leaving to his care one son and one adopted daughter. In 1850 he, ac- companied by his son Charles, then fifteen years of age, went to California, crossing the plains e/i route, here he remained two years, returning via the Isthmus and New Orleans, set- tling finally on the farm in Godfrey township, now occupied by hia son Charles. In 1873 he moved to property pur- chased by him in North Alton, near the chapel, and devoted much of his time to church labor. He was married to Lu- cinda Wells on the 15th of December, 1845. He died Au- gust 13, 1881. At the time he was Senior Warden in the church in whose success he took so great an interest. For nearly a half century, amid the ups and downs of a more or less wandering life beset by its strong temptations, he was found always faithful and true to his trust. His memory is held in dear esteem by hosts of his friends who knew him, as an honest, upright. Christian man. 518 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. . iay)^n.£j \y/^ju^^/yje_^£y' James Mitchell was born in Scotland, December 21st, 1811. His parents were Robert and Mary Mitchell. His father was well liked by his fellows, among whom he was somewhat a leader. When he determined on bettering his condition by seeking an American home, he brought with him some three hundred colonists. His objective point was Nova Scotia. On the 4th of July, 1829, they landed at Pictou, a seaport in that province, brought over safely by the brig " Hero of Gdnnock." In all, Robert had a family of eleven children, six daughters and five sons, of whom James was the eldest. Not altogether satisfied with Nova Scotia, they determined on emigrating to the " States," as then called, and made their way to Pottsville, Pennsyl- vania, in 1834. The subject of this sketch obtained a fair education in the common-schools of Scotland in his youth ; he was a clerk in a g.»neral store. When he reached his majority he worked in coal-mines, first in Nova Scotia, then in Pennsylvania. In 1835 he made his way t) the salt works on the Kanawha river, in West Virginia; thence to Kentucky, stopped at a village on the Ohio river, about 130 miles below Louisville, thence to New Orleans. Aftor a few years spent thus in looking about, he visited his old Nova Scotia home. While on this visit, he met and was united in marriage with Mary Smith, a native of the Island of Cape Breton. The marriage rites were celebrated in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, on the 7th of October, 1839. Soon thereafter he returned to the States, this time to Missouri, and in 1848 to Madison county. To him be- longs the honor of having opened the first coal mine in Coal Branch, above Alton. By his first wife he had eight children, foUr of whom are living. She died October 4th, 1857. He was married to his present wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Bird, November 3d, 1857. Politically Mr. Mitchell is an earnest, unswerving Repub- lican. His first ballot was cast for William H. Harnson. He has never failed attending a local Republican conven- tion since the organization of the party, when physically able to do so. Although thoroughly awake to party spirit, he never would accept office, save the supervisorship, which was forced upon him one terra. He has been often a member of the central committee, and has ever proved him- self a most loyal citizen. Farming and operating in coal have engaged mjst of his attention since locating in this county. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 519 l^^^^-p^i^y^ The present popular supervisor representing Godfrey town- ship in the county board, is a young man possessed of many commendable traits of character. He was born December 11, 1843. His parents were William and Lydia Squire (Widaman). His father, William, was a native of Devon" shire, England, where he was born August 9th, 1814. He came to America in 1835, locating first in Coshocton county, Ohio, from whence he came to Madison county, 111., in 1839. Arriving in Alton he commenced wrk as a laborer, but, upon his refusing to work on Sunday, he quit his employ- ment, and moved to Godfrey, where he became foreman on Godfrey's farm, a place he held for years. His wife, Lydia Widaman, «as a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, where she was born March 8, 1818. Her father was a teacher — a vocation he pursued first in Germany, then in this country. On the first of March, 18-13, she and Wil- liam Squire were united in marriage by Rev. I. B. Randle, of Edwardsville. James Squire received a fair common-school education, which was aided by attendance at Shurtleff College. It is related that when attending school taught by Miss Corbett, he'and his brother Frank encountered a panther in their pathway. Quite terrified, they hurried home, telling the story to their parents, who thought it incredible ; but the following day parties dispatched the monster, and established the correctness of the boys' story. During the war James Squire enlisted in the service of the United States in the 144lh Regiment Illinois Volunteers. He has been quite uniformly engaged in farming and teaching. In both pur- suits he has been successful. He was married to Mattie Braden, March 25, 1874, by whom he has two children living, Vinnie Grace and Mattie Pearl, and one dead, James William. His wife died May 14, 1882. She, was a daugh- ter of Isaac Braden, one of the pioneers of Nameoki town- ship. Politically he is an earnest, outspoken Democrat; is a member of the Democratic Central Committee ; was elected supervisor from Godfrey township in 1877, and has been an- nually re-elected ever since. When it is considered that this is a Republican stronghold (Garfield's majority being 66), his election can only be accounted for on the ground of personal popularity. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellow's orders ; has been a justice of the peace, and was deputy sheriff under R. W. Crawford ; has taught thirteen years, and is at present principal of the Godfrey school. 520 JIISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. WILLIAM LINDLEY Was born in Lincolnshire, England, May 10th, 1810. His father, George Lindley, was a mason by trade, and brought up his family in the ways of industry. At the age of nineteen years William came to America, landing at first in New York City. Thence he went to Lowell, Massachu- setts, where he engaged his services in print works. In 1839 he made his way westward, and with his savings entered laud near Carlinville, Macoupin county. Breaking prairie, howevi-r, and waiting for returns until a farm could be made was too slow for him, hence he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged in the dairy business. Here it was he met Mary C. Straw, now his surviving widow. Engaged in sell- ing milk from house to house he had for a patron a family named Paterson, formerly of Quincy, and who had brought with them as one of the family Mary, to whom he was married November 22d, 1842. She was born in Ger- many near the river Rhine, and came with her people to America, in 1823. Her family located first in Hamilton, Butler county, Ohio; from thence she went with a sister to Quincy, Illinois, and then to St. Louis Together they con- tinued the dairy business successfully until 1851 when they moved to Madison county, Illinois, where Mrs. Lindley yet lives. There were born to them in all eight children, seven of whom yet live. By name they are Sarah, Mary C , George, William E Horace, John A., and Samuel S. All are straightforward, honest and energetic citizens Dur- ing his life Mr. Lindley was an earnest Republican and im- pressed that political doctrine indelibly upon his sons. He was a member of the Episcopal Church. Active and ener- getic, honest and frank, ever ready to help a friend or do a kindness, he succeeded well in life. He died March 2d, 1869. His widow, a woman of more than ordinary business qualities, survives him and has continued farming with great success. She has cleared a hundred and twenty acres of land since her husband's death, and bought an additional farm in Jersey county. She relates her only transac- tion whereby she made money without work as being the sale of gold when it was worth two hundred per cent, at a bank in Alton. ■^^^€^^(^^^^- VENICE «— '-'»'i/B^0^^2/ia--» — • ^ S situated in the southwestern part of the county. It is irregularly shaped because of the river course which forms its western boundary. It is bounded on the north by Chouteau township, east by Naraeoki, south by St. Clair county and west by the State of Missouri, from which it is separa- ^ ^ , , ^ ted by the Mississippi river. Geograph- ,S ically it embraces township 3 north, range 10 west. It is mostly low and level land, part of the great American bottom. Much of it is sandy, and is subject to overflow, against which citizens have tried in vain to protect it. Trending north and south at a short distance from the river bank is the American bottom levee, built for the protection of lands from overflow of the ri\-er. Its height varies from three to twenty feet. Separated from the main land, by a slough of the same name, is Cabaret (French tavern) Island, containing in all, about 1,042 acres of land. Much of this is overgrown with willow with here and there a sycamore, soft maple or other wood. The acre- age embraced in Venice township is nearly eleven sections, or 6,970 acres. There are within the limits, in all, over fourteen miles of railroad track, divided quite equally be- tween the Chicago and Alton, the Indianapolis and St. Louis and Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railroads, which run parallel, passing diagonally across the south-half of the township, which they leave on section 13. Venice township was settled as early as 1804, but there are only meagre traditional accounts of such settlements. A few years afterward several families located here, among them George Cadwell, on section 13, and George Richard- son, on the same section. Robert McDow, Johu Atkins, Daniel Lockhart, and possibly others, were all here prior to the war of 1812. George Cadwell was a live, enterprising Yankee, who combined the practice of medicine with tilling the soil. In 1815 he was appointed by Ninian Edwards, Governor of Illinois, a justice of the peace. He brought with him a family of three daughters and a son. In 1818 he was elected a Senator to the First General Assembly of Illinois. Not altogether suited with this section of country he emigrated to Morgan county at an early day, George Richardson, a farmer, a friend of Cadwell's, lived near him and also went to Morgan county, where he was drowned in Santa creek, near Jacksonville, during a freshet. A daugh- FARM RESIDLNGE OF T N HARRIS, SEC.Bo, T. 6, R 9 ( rOSTERBUBC TP) MADISON, CO.ILL. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 521 ter Nancy, was married to A-her Cliaso, an eastern man. This was, perhaps the first niarriige in the township ; that of Moses S''e(1s to ^Irs. Mary Wad lie. of date October 10, 1818, bpiug the second. R ibert McDow, a Kentuckian, was an ejiterpri.'ing, energetic man, and had a large family. He was the first to erect a horse- raill, which he did on section 24. Upon leaving the country to go north he disposed of his mill to Benjamin Merritt. John Atkins located on sec- tion 1, prior to the war of 1812. He and two sons were engaged in that war and were present at the treaty made at Portage des Sioux, a short distance above Alton, on the Missouri side of the Mississippi. A remarkable fact in con- nection with Atkins' family is that in order of birth they were: William, John, Jr., Charles, Everett and James, and in order of death exactly the reverse, James being the first to die, then Everett, Charles, John, Jr. and William, who lived to be seventy seven years of age. John Atkins was originally from Kentucky; he and his sons were all large, able-bodied men, models among pioneers. Daniel Lockhart located on an elevated ridge, a short distance northwest of where now stands the Venice Elevator, on section 35. At present there are representatives of but one of these families living within the limits of Madison county, — that of John Atkins. The others are gone, and the records left of them areind.'ed meagre. A little later, perhaps in 1815, came a very eccentric pioneer, John Anthony, by name He was of the Pennsylvania Dutch stock. His was the first house built on the site of the old village of Venice, and was of hewed cotton-wood timber. Although it contained but one room, Anthony kept lodgers and served up meals to travelers. Ou a shelf was the bottle a,lways charged with " aqua mirac- ulous." He kept a number of skiffs which he hired to parties desiring to cross the river, at a shilling a trip, passen- gers doing their own rowing. Ou section 25, a family named Blum, settled about the same time of Anthony's coming. They, too, were Pennsylvanians. In 1818, Abraham Sippy, a young married man, came from Pennsylvania to try his fortunes in the then "far west." Mr. Sippy's father came to this country a soldier under Lafayette. After the battle at Yorktown he deserted the ranks, determined to remain here instead of returning to France. His name was Joseph Trimeau, but upon determining to remain in America he took his mother's name of Sippy. He became the father of seventeen children. Many of their descendants arc scattered throughout the west, and are energetic, thrifty citizens wherever found. Anthony's ferry, operated by skifls, after a few years time, proved unequal to the demands made upon it, whereupon Matthew Kerr, a merchant of St. Louis (and for whomKerr's Island was named), commenced a horse ferry, in 182G. The boat was named Brooklyn Since that time ferry-boats have run regularly to and from St. Louis. In 1842, Lieutenant Robert E. Lee, commander in-chief of the Confederate forces, during the war of the rebellion, built a dike running from Kerr's Island to the head of Bloody Island. This necessitated a change in the lauding place of the" Brooklj-u," and the company operating the ferry obtained 81,600 da- mages from the United States Government. This 81,600 71 was devoted to the c^-nstruction of a bridge connecting Kerr's Islanii with the main land. The national road — the great wagon refute connecting the east with the west — termi- nated here, and across Kerr's Island, about a third of a mile north of the present elevator, was the principal street of Venice. The " National Way," as it was called, was a hundred feet wide. It soon became the centre of a large trade. Two hotels ca'ered to the wants of travelers ; two livery stables supplied the trade with horses and vehicles; three general stores and two blacksmith shops completed the business industries- One of the stores, kept by Peter Smith, was the first brick building erected in the township. The flood of 1844 swept everything away except the brick store building, a livery stable, also of brick, and a part of one of the hotels. During the prevalence of the high waters, one of the blacksmiths, a German, in a fit of desperation, jumped from the bridge as it was being carried oflT and committed suicide. His was the first smithery in the township, erected in 1837. As soon as the waters receded the work of repairing commenced. A finer bridge soon spanned the slough, and business revived. Trade was represented by Peter Smith, James Morris and Charles Pearee, enoraeed in general merchandise. All went well with Venice until 1S51, when high waters again swept her away. iSIuch of the beautiful island «as carried off, so that the former terminus of " National Way" was far out in the Mississippi. The bridge was not rebuilt. A solitary brick building remained on the once busy site of Venice. — that is now gcme. The original town was named by Dr Cornelius Campbell, of St. Louis, a gentleman largely interested in the old ferry. At the time Venice was fir^t attracting at- tention in 1837. a pist-office was established on Cad well's tract, section 13, called Six Mile. It was first kept by Joseph Squire; he was proprietor of a public house, called the " Western." This was the first established house, wor.hy the name, in the township. It was a large frame building, and, as a hotel, was quite popular with stockmen from above Alton, who made it their heaiquarters. Large numbers of hogs and some cattle were annually driven this way to St. Louis, following what was called the slough road from Alton. The first burial ground was on Cad .cell's tract, and his son, Bach, was the first person interred therein. The exact date is impossible to obtain. It was, however, prior to 1820. The first land entries were by John Atkins, Septem- ber 14, 1814, north fraction i, section 1, 43.8 acres; George Richardson, August 17, 1814, southeast fraction section 12, 361 acres; William Gillham, August 15, 1814, west side southeast i section 13,78 acres, and Juhn McDow, August 16, 1814, several acres in section 24. Prior to any of these entries there were numerous claims made. Some of them by heads of families, on account of actual settlement, others as militia claims, consequent upon service prior to 1790. Among the first, which comprised 400 acres each, within the limits of township 3 north, range 10 west, were claim 1,865, by Alexis Bryalte, in 1809, to whom it was confirmed; that of Nicholas Jarrot, situated ou the banks of the Mi.s^i-sippi, opposite Cabarat Island, and near the Kinder Station, and claim 637, bv James Kinkead, lying within sections 25 and 522 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 26, two miles above Venice. Among claims confirmed to persons founded on act of Congress, granting a donation of one hundred acres of land to each militia man enrolled and doing duty in Illinois on the 1st day of August, ITStO, within the district of Kaskaskia, were, in this township: — Claim 1,258, Francis Campeau, confirmed in 1809 to Johi Rice Jones, survey lies in sections 1 and 12; claim 485, Pierre Clement, confirmed to John Briggs, on the bank of the Mississippi, in section 36, extreme southern p )int of township. Adjoining claim 12.58, were claims of nine other ])arties, by name: Pierre Martin, Jr., J. B. Raplais, Jacque Mnlott, Louis Harmond, Joseph Poirer, Dennis Lavertue, Philip de Boeuf, James Lamarch and Constant Longtemps. Ill addition to these, bearing date January 4, 1813, among claims granted by the governors of the northwest and Indiana territories, in pursuance of Act of the 3d of March, 1791 (other than those which were reported in the affirmed ]i.art of the township is a beautiful prairie that has been settled principally within the past thirty years. The first settler was Daniel Fundcrburk, a native of South Carolina, born in 1786 and served through the war of 1812, under Gen. Smith. He located on section seven in the fall of 1819. For several years he was the only resident of the territory that now comprises this township. In 1823, he taught the first school in a small cabin built near his residence. The children attending lived in the adjoining township. Mr. Funderburk lived on the place that he im- proved until his death December 11, 1838. He raised a family of eleven children, six sons and five daughters, viz : Sarah, Thomas, John, Elizabeth, Martha, Henry, Daniel, Julia A., Emily, Samuel, and Edward who died in the late war. Only two of his children now live near the settle ment, Thomas and Julia, now Mrs. Kell. The latter resides in Worden, and Thomas is a prominent farmer in the south- ern edge of Macoupin county, and has served the people at various timt-s in different positions of trust. John L. Carlock came into the township about 1831 December 14, 1833, entered the first tract of land, the northwest quarter of the njrtheast quarter of section 19, now part of the S. A. Isaacs place. Carlock improved a forty acre form, and moved from here to Adams county, and subsequently went to Missouri. The Methodists held their early meetings at his residence. Cornelius Wood, a brother-in-law, located on a place southwest of Carlock's in section 19, about the same time. He improved a small farm here, and filled the office of Justice of the Peace for some time. He afterward moved to Bond county where he died. Robert Greening came in 1830, and located on the same seciion, south of Wood's, now the Fred Rinner place, where he continued to reside until his death. He was a strict member of the Baptist church, and meetings were conducted at his house regularly for many years. Jackson Allen, a native of Virginia, came to the county in 1837, and settled in the township on section 17, in the spring of that year. His location was some dis- tance out in the prairie, where he improved a good farm and continued to reside until he lost his wife in 1862. He then lived princip.-illy at his daughter's near by until his death in 1870. He raised a family of seven children, six boys and one girl, viz. : Andrew, George, Abraham, Isaac, David, Thomas, and Mary who married Andrew Jackson. Abraham who lives in the village of New Douglas, is the only one of the family now in the county. John P. Lindsey settled the H. Manshott place in section 20, in 1840. He was the second to settle out on the prairie. The second school house, a log building put up about 1839, stood on the west part of section 18. Nelson Sparks was the first teacher. John Funderburk, son of Daniel and Mary. Funderburk, was the first born, Septem- ber 3, 1S22. The first death that of Mary, wife of Daniel Funderburk, occurred August 7, 1838. To the first mar- riage, the contracting parties were Aaron Voyles and Sarah Funderburk, in 1834. Alonzo Foster came to the county in 1819 with his father, 530 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Oliver Foster, who settled in Salu aud afterward at Foster- burg, where he died. Mr. A. Foster came to New Douglas township in 1857. He was born in Main^, and was three years of age when his father settled in Madison county. When he located on section 16, in 1857, all the region about him was an open prairie. He laid out the town of New Douglas, September 5, 1860, on the west part of the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 16. The original town contained twenty acres. Foster and Owen laid out an addition afterward on the west side of the road, and other additions have siuce been laid out. The corporate limits now include the whole of section 16. The T. C. and St. Louis extends through the township, intersecting the southern corporate limit of New Douglas. In 1860, Costen Sawyer put up the first business house, in which he opened a small stock of goods. The same year he built a black- smith shop and employed John Trype to work in it; Trype afterward conducted a shop on his own account. The second store was started by Dr. William F. Rubottom in 1863. He got a post-office established the same year, with mails twice a week from Staunton. The town Las now a daily mail from the same place. Dr. Rubottom was the first physician. He came in 1860, and continued to practice about five years and then went west. The, first regular hotel was built in 1876, by Rodo Latowsky, the present owner and proprietor. The public school building was re- built after the cyclone on a larger plan. It is a two story frame building with three rooms, where three teachers are employed. The flouring mill, with two run of burrs, was built by Martin B. Day on a cheap plan. After about five years it was improved by R. P. Finney. Subsequently it was improved by Foster & Dee. In 1879, Murdock & Fletcher became the owners and improved the machinery. They sold it to Mrs. Anna Easton, and the mill is now run by Amos Easton. No town in the county, in proportion to its size has so many churches, there being six. The Metho- dist South was erected in 1867. It was destroyed in the cyclone of 1876, and rebuilt in 1880, on a plan somewhat less than the original. The Baptist church, 30x44 feet, was built in 1869. In 1874, the Lutherans built a neat frame church that was destroyed in the cyclone and was immediately rebuilt about its former size. The Catholics, who have the largest congregation, erected their church in 1870. The Methodist church, a neat brick edifice, was built in 1877. The Christ- ian church was erected in 1878. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physicians. — AV. W. Sharp, B. H. McKiuney, A. F. Dusenberry. Fostmaster. — J. W. Lord. General Store. — Long & Epstiue, Marney & Foster, Robert Alsop. Groceries and Confectionery. — Greening & McMuUen. Groceries. — J. B. Bishop. Drugs. — Lord & Livery. Hardware. — I. A. Olive. Butcher. — Robert Page, Jr. Harness and Saddlers — Latowsky & Douglas. Millinery and Dressmaking. — Mrs. Rosie Huber, Mrs. Ehard, Mrs. Eisenbach. Barber.— \\\ E. McDaniel. Undertaker, Furniture and Agricultural Implements. — Watson & Son. Agricultural Implements and Buggies. — E. F. Wait. Blacksmith Shops — William Long, John Hinc, B. W. Stepp. Wagon Shop. — John F. Smith. Shoe Makers. — Fred. Balweg, Jacob Melheim, Paul Douglas. Hotel.— Rodo Latowsky. Liuery. — N. B. Jernigau. SOCIETIES. Madison Lodge, No. 560, A. F. and A. M , was chartered October 1, 1867, with the following charter members: John J. Wilber, Master ; M. A. Cline, John L. Steward, Francis Reeding, G. W. Bently, J. A. Whiteside, H. C. Young, William Denney, B. J. Vallentiue, Willis McGilvary, A. J. Fleming. Present membership thirty-three. New Douglas Lodge, No. 547, I. O. O. F., instituted April 30th, 1874. Charter members : J. W. Nicoderaua, N. G. ; James R. Prickett, V. G.; Allen H. Newlin, John C Long, and Albert Camlet. Present membership, twenty- three. The 27th of February, 1876, a very violent cyclone passed through the township, entering at section 30, travel- ing in a due northeast direction taking its exit in section 3, on the south side of Dry Fork Branch. It passed dire(!tly through the western part of the village of New Douglas, entirely demolishing eleven dwellings, two churches, school- house and Masonic hall. It damaged a great many other buildings, by removing them from their foundations, un- roofing, etc. The cyclone struck the M. E. Church South while an afternoon meeting was being conducted. About forty persons were in the building at the time. Henry C. Young, a local minister and resident of the town, was killed. The church, a frame, 30 by 40 feet, was torn to atoms and sent whirling through the air. A great many were seriously injured. The German Lutheran church in the line of the storm was also made a total wreck. The five persons that were in Masonic Hall at the time it was destroyed all received more or less injury. The most seriously injured was Robert Alsop, who was taken out from the broken timbers with a crushed limb In the edge of the village farther north, although not in the exact line of destruction, some friends wpre performing the la^t sad rites of the dead, when the storm came uj/on them_ spreading devastation and horror on every side. Wagons were over- turned, the beds crushed to splinters and carried away. Several women seeing the storm approaching ran to a house near by for refuge. No sooner had they gained the inside than the building was picked up, whirled round and dashed to the ground a mass of broken timbers mingled with mangled humanity ; one lady had a babe killed in her arms, HISTORY OF MADISOIJ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 531 another had an ankle broken, another an arm, and every one that took refuge in the house was more or less injured. The names of those who have represented the township in the Board of Supervisors aj>pear below : Andrew Jack- son was elected in 187(5 and held office one term ; Abram Allen was Supervisor in 1878-79 ; Martin Jones, elected in 1879, served one term ; J. F. Long was first chosen in 1880, and has since held the office, being the present incumbent. g^t^^SS*J€§— HAMEL. ^RIOR to township organization, Hamel con- tained a part of Edwardsville, AVorden, and OmphGhent precincts. It now com- prises the whole of town five, range seven, bounded on the north by Omph-Ghent, east by Alhambra, south by Pin Oak, and west by Fort Russell. It is drained by Cahokia and Silver creek and their tributaries. The former flows through the northwest part in a southerly direction, and the latter in the same direction through two sections in the southeast part. Along the Cahokia a con.siderable quantity of timber is found, and the land is somewhat broken. The larger part of the township is a beautiful prairie, well adapted to agri- culture. The Wabash railroad extends through it, entering at section nineteen and passing out at section two. Carpen- ter is the shipping point. To the papers of Hon. Robert Aldrich we are largelv indebted for much of the data in this chapter. Mr. Aldrich was born in Worcester county, l\Iass., January 4th, 1794. In the fall of 1816, he, in com- pany with his brother Anson, started on foot for the Illinois Territory. On their way westward, in the vicinity of Xenia, Ohio, they met some Massachusetts friends who had pre- ceeded them, with whom they remained and worked until tlie following fall, when they resumed their journey. At Cincinnati they fell in with Henry and George Keley, bro- thers, who with the family of Henry Keley were on their way to Edwardsville, Illinois. The Rileys had what was called a family boat, and the Aldrich brothers decided to go with them. The party floated down the Ohio until they reached Shawncetown. This was in October 1817. Here the Keleys decided to follow the river no farther and disembarked. They had brought three horses and a wagon on the boat. Here the little band decided to go first to Kaskaskia. The horses were hitched to the wagon, the women, children and household effects placed in it, and the journey commenced overland, through a country devoid of bridges. Oftentimes the wagon box had to be utilized as a ferry boat. Swim- ming the horses over was an easy task, but the danger of getting the family across swollen streams with floating timbers, in this frail craft, was perilous. The party consisted of the two Keleys, Mrs. Ann Young, her two grandchildren, viz: Henry T. Bartling and Harriet Bartling, Mrg. Henry Keley and Robert and Anson Aid- rich.* After arriving at Kaskaskia and resting the horses a few days, Henry Keley and the Aldriches mounted and rode up to Edwardsville, leaving George Keley with the women and children. Tlicy arrived at Edwardsville in the early part of November, and put up at the public house of Col. John T. Lusk. They secured the services of George Coventry who was acquainted with the country to show them around. After inspecting the settlement for a time, Mr. Keley decid- ed to locate in section twenty-nine of this township, the north line of which was the limit of the government surveys that had been made up to this time. On this section Henry Keley assisted by the Aldriches, built a cabin, and on the 4th of January, 1818, his family having arrived from Kaskaskia, they began their cabin life, the Aldriches boarding with them. With the exception of a small improvement made in the year 1811, and abandoned at the commencement of the war of 1812, by a man named Ferguson on section sevtn, just below the crossing of Cahokia creek by the Alton and Greenville road, this house of Capt Keley 's was the first dwelling erected in the township. The Kaskaskia and Peoria Trace, an old track made before the commencement of this century, passing along the center of Ridge Prairie (called by the French Fraire Du Long) through this towi,. ship, and a "trail " made by rangers from Wood river to B.)nd county, were the only roads in 1818. Thomas Barnet, a native of Gibson county, Tennessee, in 1817, started to emigrate to Missouri and arrived at Edwardsville late in the fall of that year. He was a mar- ried man at that time and had one child, Juliet. She is now Mrs. William H. High, a widow, and lives in St. Joseph, Missouri. The winter coming on, Mr. Barnet concluded to remain at Edwardsville until spring, when he would con- tinue his journey. He rented a small cabin of John T. Lusk, that stood near the old fair grounds, iuto which he 532 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. moved his family. He eing an active man, and desiring some occupation for the coming winter, entered the south- west quarter of section '^i, O ;tob3r 2S, 1817, and built a cabin and made other improvements, such as splitting rails> etc. This was the third entry in the township. John Edgar made the first, April 29th, 1815, entering five tracts in sec- tions eighteen and thirty. Joseph Smith made the second, October 21st, 1817, entering two huudred and forty acres in section twenty-five. Mr. Barnet was the first to improve entered land. He erected his cabin where the house of his sou K. T. Barnet now stands. He worked diligently on the place all winter and, in the following March, moved the family out from Edwardsville in order to he near his work, but with the firm intention of selling out during the summer and continuing his journey to his intended destination, as soon as the roads would permit. But after becoming settled he concluded perhaps this was as good a country as he could find on the west side of the Mississippi. So he remained and died here, April 2d, 1852, aged seventy-three years. His wife died June 25th, 1846. They had eight children born to them in this county, viz: Nancy B., Ruth, Samuel P., Thomas J., Kimbrough Tinsley , Sarah M., Rufus C, and Alfred P. The four brothers live in the settlement and are farmers. Thomas J., the oldest of the brothers, was born Sep- tember 10th, 1824, on the old pl.ace, and is n iw the oldest native born citizen of the township. Bennet Jones occupied a cabin on section three, during the early part of 1818. Allen and Keltner made small improvements on section five, the same year, but sold out directly and left. Archi- bald Lamb commenced his improvement in 1818, in section three, where he maile a good farm on which he lived until his death. In 1818, Samuel Walker built a cabin on section thirty, where B. Bange now lives. He lived a few years and then moved away. William Mize settled the Col. Thomas Judy place. Francis Roach born in Fairfax coun- ty, Virginia, a Revolutionary soldier, and Indian fighter in Kentucky, came into the Illinois Territory, in 1807, and into this township twenty years later and located on section three, where he lived until his death, in the year 1845, at the ad- vanced age of one hundred and six years. He was a man of very small stature, and of wonderful activity. When quite advanced in life he delighted to go out with the boys and "lay patterns," as he called it, for them to jump to. He would jump up and strike his heels twice together before coming down, and then laugh heartily to see the youth of the neighborhood try it again and again without success. His son, David, also died near the old place. His daughter married John Armstrong, who was the first settler in the northern part of Shelby county, Illinois. James Wilder settled the George McCune place in an early day. Robert Aldrich settled on the east side ofsection twenty-nine. The cabins of Capt. Keley, Wilder and Aldrich stood in a row extending east and west on the .same section. Keley and Wilder afterward moved away, and none of their descendants now live in the county. Aldrich improved a good farm here, married, reared a family, and became one of the prominent citizens of the county. He represented the county in the state legislature of 1842. His death occurred on the old homestead. His brother Anson died many years ago, and was buried near where they first settled. " Wheat that was sown in the fall of 1818, proved to be a good crop. It was the first harvested in the township. Many of the wheat fields, in 1820, were affected with what was termed ' sick wheat.' Persons who ate bread made from it would sicken and proceed to vomit, but instinct taught the brute creation to reject it. A dog might snatch a piece of bread thrown to him but would immdiately drop it. Neither cattle nor swine would eat it, and some farmers burned their sliicks, deeming it utterly worthless." About 1820, Henry Keley built on section twenty-nine, what was called a" band- mill," in which rawhide bands were extensively used instead of cogs It contained a good bolting cloth and chest, but was operated for a short time only as it did not pay. In Mr. Aldrich's reminiscences he ^ays : " There was not an apple, pear, peach, or cherry tree or any thing of the sort, except such as were in the wild state, in the township when I reach- ed it in 1817. It was a wilderness. In 181. i, Henry Keley and Anson Aldrich went to Griffith's nursery at Portage, Des Sioux, in St. Charles county, Missouri, and got apple grafts. They wrapped deerskins around the middle of their packages, so they could be placed before them on their horses, and thus they were brought to our settlement. That was the start of my old orchard, fifty-six years ago which bore fruit last year, 1874. Not far from the same period Archi- bald Lamb and Thomas Barnet set out apple ( rchards." Of the early settlers of Madison county, none are more widely known than the Judys. Col. Thomas Judy was a son of Col. Samuel Judy. He was born December 19th, 1804, at the old Judy homestead in the Goshen settlement. He was three times married. His first wife was Lavisa Snyder, daughter of Jacob Snyder, one of the early settlers of Madi- son county, whom he married March 23d, 1826 The chil- dren of this union all died youug, excepting Margaret, who became the wife of James L McCorkell. Col Judy married Nanc.y Hayes in 1833. She died eleven years later. His third wife was Mrs. Demaris Barns- back, widow of George Barnsback. He lived in the Amer- ican Bottom until 1849, where he improved a large and val- uable farm. In 1850 he came to this township. He was a very successful farmer and an extensive land owner. In 1852 and '53 he represented his county in the Legislature. His death occurred October 4th, 1880, at a good old age. His widow survives him, and lives at the place where he spent the last thirty years of his life. He reared a large family, now mostly deceased. His sons, Thomas and Wil- liam, are prominent farmers of the county and live on parts of the old homestead, the former in Pin Oak township, and the latter in Hamel. John and Jefl^erson Fruit were among the first to improve farms in the prairie in the southern part of the township. A more extended notice of this family will be found in the Pin Oak chapter. Among the promi- nent early settlers was Judge H. K. Eaton, a native of Adams county, Mississippi. He was born April 4th, 1811, but spent his early manhood in the state of Kentucky, where he married Miss Elizabeth Pomerny. In 1836 he moved to Illinois, and located in Edwardsville, his first residence being HISTORY OF MADISOJ^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 533 the house now occupied by F. A. Wolf. He was a caliinet maker bv trade, and for many years followed his trade in the city of Edwardsville. By his probity aud uprightness in business matters, he gained the full confidence of the people. His good qualities soon pointed him out as one to be trusted with public matters, and he was chosen to the of- fice of county commissioner, and probate judge, the duties of which he discharged with remarkable ability and fidelity Although he was no lawyer by profession, his excellent judg- ment and sound common sense, peculiarly fitted him for either the Bench or Bar. After serving the people of the county so faithfully and well he withdrew from public life and retired to his farm in what is now Harael township. It was here that he died, the 1st of April, 1881, being nearly three-score and ten years of age. His .son, W. P. Eaton, now resides on the homestead. The first death in the township was that of Mrs Harber. while she with her husband was on a visit to an old acquain- tance in the vicinity of Archibald Lamb's place. The Omph-Ghent post office is kept at the residence of John Weaver in the extreme northwest part of the town- ship. Hamel's corner was started by Frederick Wolf in 1865. He built a large brick building and opened a general stock of goods. He also built a feed stable and en- tertained travelers. Before the railroad was built through the township there was a considerable amount of travel on the St. Louis and Hillsboro and the Alton and Greenville roads, which passed the corners He did quite a thriving business until 1874, when he rented his establishment to his brothers, Ernest and William. The former has since pur- chased the building and bought his brother William's inter- est, and is now conducting a good payiog business. In 1867 Christian Traub started a blacksnnth shop and continued the business until he died three years ago. The same year, after the blacksmith shop was started, G. A. Engelmann built a wagon shop and has continued in the business to present time. In 1869 A. J. Hamel, John Handshy & Sparks built a flouring-mill with two run of burrs. About four years after it was moved away. The upper story was cut off and converted into a blacksmith shop, now the pro- perty of William Wendlandt. In 1868 Hamel built a frame store building and opened a general store. He sold out afterward and the firm changed several times. The building and most of the stock of goods were c insumed by fire in the spring of 1880. Hamel sold to George H. Engelmann in 1871, who had a post office established the following year For a time the mail was carrierl from Worden in a common two-bushel wheat sack by a private carrier, paid by the citi- zens. The mail now comes from Carpenter once a day, Ernest Wolf being the present postmaster. Dr. Jo.seph Roth com- menced the practice of medicine in 1869 and continued sev- eral years. The place now has no physician. Hamel's Cor- ner received its name from A. J. Hamel, a farmer who lived here and owned all the land originally on the north side of the Alton and Greenville road, near the corners. When township organization was effected his name was given to the township. PEEKKNT nilSINBSS. General Store — Ernest Wolf. Blacksmiths— '^WW&m Wendlandt, Louis C. Brunnworth The blacksmiths both carry a good stock of agricultural implements. Wagnn. Shop — G A. Engelmann. Shoe M'llcer — Henry Hanke. Hamburg was laid out in 1860 by Heiiiy Morrison and F. Soehlke aud was situated on the south part of the north- west quarter of section twenty-two. At one time it sup- ported a blacksmith. CARPENTER. In the spring of 1877 the Wabash railroad put in a spur a half-mile northeast of the station, and it was called " No- body's Switch." Six months later a switch was put in where the station now stands and the place was called Car- penter, by order of the company The same year twenty thousand bushels of corn were shipped from this point. The grain office of H. Breed & B. Clark was erected in January 1877. The following month F. H. Clark established a build- ing attached to the grain office and opened a general store in it He was also the railroad agent. The following May a post office was established, with F. H. Clark as postmaster. He has filled the office to the present time. In the fall of 1877 Peter Balmer built a house and opened a hotel. The fol- lowing winter John Brown built a residence and blacksmith shop. In the summer of 1877 Breed & Clark erected the grain house east of the office with a capacity of 5000 bush- els. D. S. Shellabarger & Co., of Decatur, in 1881 built a grain house south of the depot with a capacity of 30,000 bushels. In 18S0 the railroad company constructed the tank and pond. T. H. Clark built his present business house in 1881. Carpenter was laid out by John F. Opel, and the plat was recorded IMay 9th, 1877. It is situated on the north half of the east half of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section eight. PRESENT BUSINESS. Physician, — G. C. Gray. General Store — Frank H Clark. Grain Dealers — D. S. Shellabarger & Co. Grain Agents — B. Clark & Son. Hotels — Charles Spruner, J. H. Bange. Blachsmiih — John Brown. Wagon Shop — F. Wehling. Harness and Saddles — Louis Eckardt. Shoe Maker — H. G- Lehrke. Millersville was laid out and recorded by Fritz Miller. It is situated on the west half of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section eight. The gentlemen whose names appear below have repre- sented the township in the Board of Supervisors : William A. Mize was elected in 1876 and held office for one year. Isaac Hall, elected in 1877, served three terms. John Weaver was supervisor for 1880-81. He was succeeded in office by William P. Eaton, who served one term. Mr. Weaver was again elected in 1882, and is the present in- cumbent. o34 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. The first school-house in town five, range seven, was built on the land of Robert Aldrich in 1825, and stood near his residence. It was a temporary structure, and was used but a short time. There were but few families in the neighbor- hood, and the school was too small to be a source of suffi- cient profit to a competent teacher, Mr. Carver and Joseph Thompson each taught a short time in it. Not far from the same time a log school-house was built near Archibald Lamb's. It was dignified with a stone chimney. This school-house also served as a church. The Lutheran church, a good substantial brick building standing in center of sec- tion one, was erected in 1861. The Cumberland Presby- terian Church, located on the southeast corner of section twenty-seven, was built in 1872. The Evangelical church, on the northeast quarter of section twenty-two, was con- structed in 1873. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 535 MRS. DEMARIS JUDV. The Judy family were among the pioneers of Illinois, and the earliest settlers of Madison county. Jacob Judy, the ancestor of the family, was a native of Switzerland, and emigrated to America in 1777, and settled in Maryland, where he remained ten years. In 1787 he came west to Kaskaski, and in 1800 came to the territory now compris- ing Madison county. His son. Col. Samuel Judy, the father of Thomas, was bom August 19th, 1773. He was a promi- nent man in his day, and was elected as Territorial Repre" sentative of the Kaskaskia District, which included the county of Madison. Upon the organization of Madison county, he was elected one of the Commissioners, and served the people for many years in that capacity. He was, during the Indian wars, one of the best Indian fighters that graced the annals of pioneer life in Illinois. He was always a leader, and was found in the front ranks in every perilous expedition against the savages. No family of the early days of Illinois can show a better record for fearless devotion to home and country than the Judys. He was united to Miss Margaret White.side, sister of General Whiteside, who was also a noted Indian fighter and altogether one of the most re- markable men who figured prominently in the early days of the west. Of that union, was Thomas Judy. He was born in Madison county, December 19, 1804. He grew to man- hood, and on the 23d of March, 1826, was united in marriage to Miss Lavina, daughter of Jacob Snyder. There were several children by that union, none of whom are living. Mrs. Judy died ;' after which Mr. Judy contracted a second marriage with Miss Nancy Hays, the date of which was March 22d, 1833. She die, when he located where he row resides. His father and mctbfr ditd ( n the place thi y set- tled on Silver creek, the latter in 1861, and the former in 1864, leaving a family of nine childien, six sons and three daughters, five of whom are yet livirg, W. J., leii g the only one of the family that is now a resident of the county. Moses Barker was one of the early residents en the cast side of the Cahokia. He vas an eastern man of good education, and po.'sessed eonsideiable ability, and was one of the prom- inent citizens of his time. He died on his old homestead many years ago, and was one of the first buried in the New Hope grave- yard. Edmund Butler settled near the center of the township on the west side of the Cahokia, about 1833. The improve- ment was first started in 1832, by Richard Wall, who built a cabin but never lived here. Butler died on this place nearly thirty years ago. His widow still survives him, and lives on the old homestead. In 1833 Darius Sprewell set- tled the P. C. Eandall place. He and his wife both died here. They left six children. His youngest daughter, Mrs. P. C Randall, now lives on the old homestead. The Edward McDonnell place was settled by Robert Page, as early as 1830. Edward McDonnell was killed on this place in the spring of 1879 in a cyclone. This storm appeared like a huge ball and seemed to revolve, moving along within a few feet of the ground. Houses were raised clear off their foun- dations, smashed to atoms and the pieces hurled in every direc- tion. Trees were uprooted or twisted off close to the ground, and animals and persons were picked up and carried for quite a distance through the air, then dropped, bruiseel and bleeding to the ground. L. R. Weeks was among the early settlers in the northern part of the township. He improved a good farm, on which he died, leaving quite a large estate. His wife still lives on the old place. William Kell, a native of North Carolina, came to Madison county in 1829. He entered three hundred and twenty acres near Where now stands the town of Worden. He reared a family of eleven children, all of whom giew up and married. His son, James Kell, who, in 1845, started out in life for himself upon a farm near AYorden, took an active part with Jeihn C. Worden and others in getting the T. W. & W. R. R. extended through the town. He died in Worden, in 1S76. Robert Roseberry settled just south of where Worden now is, in 18.S6. Part of the town has since been built on his land. He lived here until his death in 1848. His widow who was boru in the Territory of Indiana, in 1800, survived him until ISTO. She was the mother of seven children, four sons anil three daughters, and had lived a member of the Baptist church since 1821. Mr. Roseberry for several years filled the ofiice of Justice of the Peace. Sandford Dove and Samuel Walker were early settlers here. The death of the latter's wife was the first in the northeastern part of the township. The first death occurred in the Oniph Ghent settlement, and was that of the wife of a squatter named Camp. He was a trapper and hunter, and lived in the timber east of George Belk's place, in a pole camp, prior to the settlement of David Swetc. Mrs. Camp HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 541 was laid to rest in the timber :icar by. Her coffin was truly a primitive affair. It was made by splitting a log into halves and bollowing them out like troughs, and fitting them together. They were fastened with wooden pins. If not as elegant as the modern style it was in keeping with the times of long ago. The first birth in this settlement was that of Mary Swett, daughter of David Swett, January 1822. Richard Sandbach. Sr., who was born in London, England, rame to the township in 1839. He bought a place in sec- tions 22 and 23, where his son-in-law, James A. Welch, now lives. He opened a general store here immediately after his arrival, which he continued to run until his death, in 1854. His widow carried on the business, with John C. Worden as manager, until her death, about ten years ago. Mr. Sand- bach was twice married. His children were: William, Richard, George S. and Alice A. The first school taught in Omph-Ghent settlement was in a small log building that stood near the present site of the church, in 1825, by Springer. The first schooling the children received in the northeastern part of the township was at a log house that stood where the Staunton graveyard is now located. At a later date school was kept by Henry Haveren, on the town- ship line, in an abandoned cabin built by Benjamin Bond. The first Sunday-school was held by Joseph Gordon, a Presbyterian, in David Swett's liig barn, in 183 >. The Omph-Ghent church was built by that congregation in 1848. New Hope Baptist church, north of Wurden, wa? built thirty years ago. Frederick Handshey was the first German to settle in the Omph-Ghent settlement. He lo ated a short distance south of Swett's, in 1833. He died in Hamel township, in 1852. Four of his children, two sons and two daughters, now live in the county. Among the older Ger- man citizens are: Adam Hohe, Frank Peters, Rev L. Blume, Christian and Julius Kohlenburg, Herm Wiseman, Fred and Henry Durstmann, Fred Klein, J. C Schafer, Fred Hillebrand, Fred Lesfmann ai.d H. C. Nobbe. On the Cahokia and its tributaries are found, in large quantities, building stone of easy access, such as limestone, freestone and soapstone. Some of the quarries have been worked (fuite extensively. But, owing to their distance from the railroad, none of them are now being worked except to supply the immediate neighborhood. WORDEN. John Lamb, one of the early settlers, lived where his fon, Joseph Lamb, now resides, in section 25. Nearly half-a-mile southwest of Lamb's a saw-mill was built and a post-office, called Lamb's Point, was established there by William Ro.se- berry,who lived near by. Afterward the office was kept by James Burley, who lived just across the road from Ro.se- berry. In 1857 this office was moved south to the farm residence of Hampton AVall, and kept by him Two years later Mr. Wall started a store here, and in 1860, he laid out the town of New Hampton, comprising ten acres, in the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 35. Mr. AVall was a son-in-law of Robert Roseberry, and he now lives in Staunton, Macoupin county, and is one of the pmrninpnt and much respected citizens of that county. Mr. Wall, in 1867, sold his store and interest in the town to John C. Worden, who, in 1870, laid out in town lots the balance of the north eighty of the northeast quarter of section 35. INIr. Worden came to the county in 1^54, and by this time had a good deal of experience in store keeping, having, as before stated, superintended his aunt's, Mrs. Sandbach's store, for several years. He continued the business in the store purchased of Mr. Wall, with a steadily increasing trade. After the railroad was built through the place in 1870, the company, in honor of Mr. Worden, who had taken a very active part in securing for the conij)any the right of way and furthering the interests of the road, called the place AVorden. The name of the post office was then immediately changed. The first mail by rail was received here October 12, 1870. Mr. Worden was the first railroad agent, and did the company's business f >r seven years, at the same time attending to his store. For eleven years he was the postmaster. This town was originally a country cross-road. In 1867, W. F. Robinson started a grocery store. William Wyatt was the first black- smith. He opened a shop in 1861. Frank Ferliwasthe second. After the railroad was built the place received new life, and during the years of 1873, '74 and '75, grew rapidly. H. 11. Dorr, M. D. was the first physician. In 1871, the Methodists built their frame church, 30x40 feet, at a cost of nearlv S3,000 In 1876, the German Lutheran church was built and is used by them also for a school building. There are two steam elevators here. John C. Worden and James Kell built the first in 1870. At that time steam was not used as a ra')iive power by this firm. It has since been greatly enlarged : it is now owned and conducted by C. A. King cfe Co., of Toledo, Ohio The secoi d was built by George Breed & Bros., who are still the owners, and are residents of the place. In 1873, Joseph Floyd it Co. built a flouring mill of three run of burrs. This mill, through bad management, never accomplished much. After running about six years it was moved to Jonesborough, Illinois, and subsequently destroyed by fire. The Worden Mining Co.'s shaft was commenced in the winter of 1876. The first coal was sold the following year, June 26, 1877. The first wagon load of about twenty bushels', raised on that day, was drawn through the town, and then sold at auction to the highest bidder. Robert Nfethercott, then of the Worden City Mills, bought it at the highest bid, $52.00. After much jollification the load waa driven to the mill and burned in the furnace. The company is composed of farmers and business men of the vicinity. The depth of the shaft is two hundred and fifty feet, and the vein of coal averages from six to eight feet in depth. The Wabash Coal Mining Co.'s shaft on the farm of Joseph Lamb, was sunk in 1881, and it is owned by F. P. Baker &, Co., of St. Louis. J. H. McDonald and others are sinking a shaft on the land of W. J. Piper, section 24, and at this writing are at a depth of two hundred and fifty feet. They commenced work late in the fall of 1881. 542 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. BUSINESS DIRECTORY OF WORDEN. Physicians. — H. R. Dorr, J, H. McDonald and H. Powers. General Stores.— H. C. Picker, C. Rudolph, Henry Reese. Groceries and Notions. — W. F. Robinson. Drugs and Notions. — P. H. Paul. Postmaster. — P. H. Paul. Notions. — D. Hirschfeld. Merchant Tailor and Clothing — F. A. Sohiiiltt. Groceries- — J. McDjnnell, H. KnoUniann. Bakery. — Philip Euerich. ' Furniture and Undertaking. — Joseph Heidel. Hardware and Tinsmith. — R. Wildi. Saddles and Harness — J. Uhl. Ho'el- — Frederick Putting. Livery. — J. M. Lowry. Boots and Shoes. — Jacob Dornseip, K L )rch. Barber.— F. W. Schwer. Black-Smiths. — Frank Firli, Wm. Schutte, Wm. Winter. ' Wagonmaker. — Samuel Merz. Police Magistrate. — John C. Worden. Worden is young in years, situated twenty-nine miles from St- L )uis. The census of 1880 gave it a p• '-^^^ ^Mk ' HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 543 I blacksmithing at Schenectady. While thus working at the trade he attended regularly the night schools, and by studi- ous application to liis books, made rapid progress in educa- tion. After the expiration of his apprentictship, he became a canal-boy on the Erie canal ; but being desirous of im- proving his education, he soon left, and sought a position with a farmer, paying his board by labor, and attending school during the winter months. His next occupation was working in a brick yard at four, teen dollars a month, which he continued during the brick- making season of six months. To further resume his stud- ies he attended for one term, Whitestown Seminary, after which he purchased a half interest in a canal boat. Ever changeable, this business did not occupy his attention more than six months. During the following winter he drove a stage from Mohawk to Herkimer, and in the ensuing spring clerked in a provision store. Mr. Worden, now competent to teach school, engaged in that profession in the winter of 185.3-5-1-, in western New York State. The next spring he again entered a provision store, in which he remained eight months, leaving in 1854, to engage with his aunt (Mrs. Elizabeth Sandbach), then residing in this county, about two miles northwest of the present village of Worden. Mr. Worden was in his aunt's employ about five years, and had now grown to manhood, and during the period of his rambling career, had managed to save money, and concluded that he could not do better than to devote a portion of it to visiting the home of his childhood. Accordingly, early in 1856, he returned to Eng- land, where he spent nine months with his relatives, and availed himself of the opportunity offered, during his stay, of visiting the many places of interest in his native country. Mr. Worden came back to this country in the fall of the same year, and taught school in St. Louis county. Mo. At ihe completion of his scholastic duties there, in 1857, he again returned to this county, and commenced teaching school in Moultonville, where be continued for five winters. In the meantime he was appointed Deputy Sheriff and Depu- ty Assessor. After the close of his school in Moultonville, he went into business for himself at New Hamj)ton, now the village of Worden. On the 26th of November, 1867, he was married to Miss Virginia J., daughter of G. S. and Nancy. J. Weaver. By this union six children were born, two of whom have since died. On the twelfth of September, 1881, Mr. Worden had the misfortune to lose, by death, his most estimable wife. In 1809 was in contemplation the Decatur k, East St. Louis Railroad, now the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific. An election was held to consider the matter of contributions, and decided against the railway. A subsequent election, brought about by the exertions of Mr. Worden and a few others, resulted in a contrary manner. A short but pointed speech was made upon this occasion by Mr. Worden, in re- lation to the future prosperity of the town bearing his name, and the surrounding country. When the railroad was com- pleted the following September (1870), the town was laid out by Mr. Worden. Politically he is a Democrat, and in religion he is a mem- ber of the Methodist church. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Few of our citizens can present such a varied career as the subject of our sketch — thrown entirely upon his own resources and in a strange land, at the early age of thirteen ; selfeducated and self-made — showing what a brave and determined spirit can do in battling with the world. The doubts, difliculties and impediments were each in turn overcome, and Mr. Worden stands to-day a repre- sentative of the most enterprising men of our country, and one of the most successful and best respected citizens of Madison county. SALINE. ^til ^^ ... 'HIS divi.-ion of Madison county contains all of town five, range five. It is bounded on the north by Leef, on the east by Bond county, on the south by Helvetia, and on the west by Marine. The St. L. V. T. H. & I. R. R. enters the township at section thirty two, and extends in a northeasterly direction, p; passing out near the center of section twenty four. When the territory of the township was first settled it was about equally divided, between timber and prairie lauds ; but at present comparatively little timber remains standing. It is drained by Silver and Sugar creeks. Silver creek flows in a southerly direction through the west- ern part. Sugar cretk drains the eastern and more central portion. In the edge of the Silver creek timber, on the east side of section thirty-one, the first cabin was erected in the southeast part of Madison county, 1809. It was built by the widow Howard, who emigrated from Tennessee with her family, consisting of several sons and daughters, some of whom were nearly grown. Abraham and Joseph were the eldest of the sons. They selected for their home a beautiful locatiou on a ridge, in the edge of Looking Glass Prairie, from which they had an uninterrupted view of the landscape for many miles toward the south. This, the first cabin, stood on the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of the section. The Hon. Solomon Koepfli in an article says, "In 18.'51 this cabin had been removed to another place, but Joseph Howard, one of the sous of Mrs. Howard, pointed out to me the place where in 1809 they had built the first house on the south side of the tract above named. A fine spring on the north side of the ridge furnished them with water. Mr. Howard showed me a large oak stump which had been hollowed out and wherein they had made their first meal by beating corn with a club. A small field was enclosed south of this cabin. Joseph Howard was about twelve years of age when he arrived with his mother in this prairie, 1809. A mere boy, he served his country as a Ranger in the war from 1812 to 181.5, protecting then the settlements of the Mi-ssissippi Valley. The neighbors said of him, that he killed several bears and panthers in this neighborhood, and the tree was pointed out to me where he shot the last panther, in 1818. In 1820, he married the daughter of Samuel McAlilly, and built a cabin on a beautiful hill, now called Souneuberg. Directly aLer our arrival I had the good fortune to form his acquaintance. A truer and better mun I never knew. 544 Of his learning and preaching. I cannot judge, but this I know, his life was that of a true Christian. His wants were not great, and it left him plenty of time to aid new comers in their early str\iggles, to help them with rare dis- interestedness by giving advice and assistance. When he heard of a neighbor's sickness, leaving him unable to attend to his crops, you were sure to see Joseph Howard the next day in the sick man's field plowing his corn or attending to his harvest, and in the night waiting upon him. This he did regardless of any difference of religion. It nas enough for him to know of one of his fellow-men being in distress to hasten to the place to give relief and ease, should it lay in his power." Rough and rude though the surroundings may have been, the pioneers were none the less honest, sin- cere, hospitable and kind in their relations. It is true as a rule and of universal application that there is a greater degree of real humanity among the pioneers of any country than there is among the inhabitants of a rich aud popu- lous country. If there is an absence of refinement that absence is more thau compensated by the presence of generous hearts and truthful lives. Neighbors generally did not even wait for an invitation or request to help one another in case of need. They came forward with as little hesitation and with as much alacrity as though they were all members of the same family aud bound together by the ti^s of blood. It is related by an old settler and a relative of the How- ards that, in 1811, when the eirthquake of that year caused so much terror among the pioneers, the Howards felt the shock so perceptibly that they thought the Indians were on the cabin roof with murderous intentions. With the bravery characteristic of the Howards, Abraham aud Joseph took up their riiSes and opened the cabin door cautiously, and after peering around and seeing no Indians while the shaking yet continued, came to the conclusion that the Indians were surely on the house top, where they had no business. That they must be dislodged immediately for the safety of the family flashed through the minds of the Howards. So they walked backward cautiously out of the cabin with uplifted rifles ready to shoot the first copper-colored peace-disturber that became visible. One of them went to the right and the other to the left until they came in sight of each other in the rear of the cabin when, to their surprise, no Indians were to be seen. They looked about them, and all was still as death. They re-entered the cabin believing they had been made the victims of a practical joke, by some lonely hunter that had been passing by. Mrs. Howard was quite an old lady when she immigrated here, and only lived a few HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 545 years. Her death was the first in the settlement. Joseph and Abraham received eight}' acres of land each, from the government, for services rendered in the war of 1812. The former was a preacher of the Presbyterian faith. He married Jennie McAlilly, and they reared a large family of children. He settled the widow Rilliet place, and subse- quently went to Iowa, where he died. All of his descendants live in that state. Captain Abraham Howard, in 1830, went to Fayette county and settled a place east of Vandalia, now known as Howard's Point For further history of the Howards see the chapter on St. Jacobs. In 1810, Abraham Huser, of German descent, who married a Howard, settled not quite a mile north of the Howard place, and near some springs not far from the cd ter of section 29. This was the place which James Reynolds, twenty years later, adopted for his home. Abraham Huser, about 1815, selected a new place some miles south of Troy, and there laid the founda- tion of the Huser settlement. Archibald Coulter was the first settler in the north part of the township. He came from Kentucky in 181G, and located where the widow Mudge now resides. About ten years later he left the settlement and located farther south in the state. July 29, 1817, Robert Coulter entered the sec- ond tract of land here, one hundred and sixty acres in section 4. Rebecca Brotherton entered one hundred and sixty acres in section 8, July 3, 181T. This was the first entry. James East, a Kentuckian, arrived in 1816, having left his wife at home. He erected a pole cabin, and planted twoacresof cornin the edge of the prairie with a spade He then returned to Kentucky for his wife. Afterward he built a good hewtd log house. He was a man of industrious habits, accumulated a good deal of pro- perty, raised a large family of children, eight sons and three daughters, and died in the township. Samuel ]\IcAlilIy was born in South Carolina, near Chester, and was of Scotch descent. He married in his native state and immigrated to Tennessee, where he lived until 1818 He then emigrated to Illinois, with his family of four boys and three girls. At the time two of his sons, John and Samuel, were married. The others were William, James, Jennie, Elizabeth and Mary. He arrived at the cabin of Archibald Coulter, in the fall of 1818, where his family remained until a cabin could be erected. Building a house in the early times was a job of short duration ; for every man " turned out," and while the men cut and laid up the logs that) furnithed the primitive dwelling place, the women prepared the dinner. Sometimes it was cooked by big log fires near the site of the building, or it was prepared at the nearest cabin, and at the proper hour carried to the men where they were at work. The ladies of to-day, familiarized with elegantly fashioned cook- ing stoves, would make a sorry efibrt were they compelled to prepare a meal with no other conveniences than those of pioneer times. The cabin when finished stood in the south- east part of section thirty, on the present site of the High- land Cemetery. Mr. McAlilly dug two wells here upward of sixty feet deep, but could obtain no water. The place was abandoned after a few years, and he built a second cabin on what is now the Frank Lorenz place, where he lived until 1832. He then moved to the M. Journey place, now the 75 Chas. Chipron farm, where he died two years later of chol- era. In four days his wife followed him. John McAlilly built a hewed log house near that of his father, where he lived a few years, and then went to Alabama. In 1826, he returned to the settlement, and subsequently located in Fayette county, north of Vandalia, where he died in 1872, leaving a family of two sons and four daughters. Samuel McAlilly, Jr., also built a cabin near his father's, where he lived some years. William C., Elizabeth and Matilda were born here. He then returned to Kentucky. After three years he came back to the settlement and rented the farm now owned by F. Ryhiner, to which he moved his cabin. Melinda and Mary were born on this place. In 1835, he bought out the heirs of his father, and moved to the old home place, where he lived many years. William C , the only son, lives in the northeast part of St. Jacob's township, William SIcAlilly also lived near his father's. His wife died after being married about two years, leaving one child, James J., who now lives in Clinton county, Illinois. Mr. McAlilly afterward married the widow of Adam Kyle, Jr , and lived east of Highland until his death, at which time he had three daughters. James INIcAlilly married here and moved to Indiana, where he was engaged in the mercantile business until his death. Jennie married Joseph Howard ; Elizabeth became the wife of Alfred Walker, who settled a place in the north- east part of St. Jacob's township as early as 1824. None of his descendants now live in the county. Mary married John Journey, who settled on part of the Adam Nagel farm as early as 1825. He afterward went to Fayette county and from there to Wisconsin, where he died. In 1818 Samuel McAlilly, shortly after he arrived in the set- tlement, went up to Coulter's place one afternoon, and re- turningjust after nightfall discovered some dark object in a tree, around which his dogs were barking. He dismounted, and concluded to investigate. Having his rifle with him, as the pioneers at all times had, he walked round the tree, but, as it was quite dark, could not satisfy himself what the object was. Thinking it, however, an animal ferce naturae that ought to be exterminated, he drew up his rifle and fired. His aim was good, and at the crack of his gun the object came crashing down through the limbs and fell heavily on the ground. After satisfying himself the animal, as it chanced to be, was dead, he endeavored to put it on his horse, but after several attempts he became convinced he could not accomplish the feat. He rode down to the Howard cabin and related his adventure. Joseph and Abraham accompanied him back to the spot, and informed him he had killed one of the largest panthers ever slain in that settlement, meas- uring nine feet from tip to tip. The ball had passed direct- ly through the heart. The Howards assisted him in get- ting the panther on the horse, and, as they had had several years experience in the new country with the larger game, gave him some wholesome advice in regard to shooting pan- thers in the night when alone. This panther was killed near where the widow Ambuhl's residence now stands. Deer at this time might be seen daily trooping over the prairie iu droves. From ten to twenty and sometimes as many as fifty 546 JIISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. were seen grazing together. Game of all kinds was very plentiful. Deer were worth about a dollar, and deer hides brought fifty cents. Capt. Abraham Howard killed forty, seven, and Samuel McAlilly furty-five in one fall, in the prairie and in the timber between Sugar and Silver creeks- They found a ready market for them in St. Louis. Bears, while not plentiful, \ver^ often seen and killed. Wolves were so numerous that when the dogs ventured too far out from the cabins at night they would be driven back by them to the very doors. Cyrus Chilton settled in the edge of the timber on the east side of Silver creek, in section seventeen, about 1822, where he lived until the first State Assembly met at Vanda- lia. He then went there for the purpose of boarding the members of that body. He continued to live in Vandalia until his death. His widow afterward married a Mr. Mc- CuUom and returned to the farm, where they resided for some time, subsefjuently returning to Fayette county. One of the influential and honored citizens of this settlement was James Reynolds, who emigrated from Kentucky to Il- linois in 1818. He first settled near the old Chilton fort, but in 1830, bought the land Abraham Houser had settled in 1810. He was au energetic and enterprising man, and began farming on a larger scale than was at that time usual in this vicinity, and became a model for other agricukuralists in the settlement. He introduced the new inventions as soon as they were thrown in the market- Before his com- ing, the only plows used here were those with mouldboards of wood, and in seme cases of half wood and half iron- The man who had one of the latter description was looked upon as something of an aristocrat. But these old plows did good service, and turned the soil of many of the present best improved farms in the county. The prairies were sel- dom settled till after the pioneer period, partly because wi h the old style plow it was next to an impossibility to break the tough sod, while in the timber the grass grew less rank and the roots were more easily overcome. Mr. Reynolds was elected to the Twelfth Assembly of the State Legisla- ture in 1840, and also served the people many years in the capacity of Justice of the Peace. He left a family of four children, viz: Reuben, William, Nancy and Sarah. Nancy married Samuel Thorp, and after his death became the wife of his brother David. Sarah married Curtis Blakeman, Jr. They are all now deceased. Several of their descen- dants live in the county. Thomas Johnson, Jr., entered land in 1817 in section four, and began the improvement of his place that year. His cabin stood a short distance south- east of Martin Buch's store in Saline. He had a small farm where he resided until his death. He planted an or- chard soon after his coming, which in pioneer days was the best one on Silver creek. He was past middle life when he settled here. His son, Jackson Johnson, located about three quarters of a mile west at the same time the elder Johnson began his improvement, known as the Reimmer p'ace. He resided on his farm until his death. H. Carson, who was an old man, settled a place in 1829, a short distance southwest of Jackson Johnson's. He only remained a short time and then went to Arkansas. Benja- min May was one of the early settlers on the west side of Silver Creek. Benjamin Reimmer, one of the well-known old citizens, came in 1818, and fir-st located in the southern part of the township, where he resided until about 1830. He then moved into the west part, where he improved a good farm lying in this and Leef townships. Soon after the late war he went to Missouri. McCullom was one of the early settlers on the east side of Sugar Creek. In 1822 he located on what is now the Nancy Gillett place, where he resided some three years. William Pearce purchased the farm, and lived on it until an accident caused his death. He was reaping grain, when the horses became frightened and ran away, throwing him before the sickle, cutting oflTan arm and inflicting other injuries, from which he died in about a week. Mr. Pearce was twice married, and reared a large family by his fipbt wife. His second wife, to whom he had been mar- ried but a short time, was the widow of Samuel McAlilly. Her first husband died in 1852. Mr. Pearce died in 1864. Her third husband, Seth Gillett, died in 1881. She still lives on the Pearce homestead, a hale and hearty old lady of eighty-two years. H Liseubee settled on the east side of Sugar Creek, on section 26, about the same time. Here McCullom settled, and improved a small farm. He has been dead nearly fifty years. His widow still survives him, and lives where they first settled. One of the children, Maria, (now Mrs Edward Ellis), is still living. Mrs. Gillett and Mrs. McCullom, residing near together, are the oldest settlers now living in the township. James Pearce settled on section seven as early as 1817. His cabin stood near a spring. He was named " Salty Pearce " by his neighbors to distinguish hini from another James Pearce who lived in the settlement. The name Salty was an allusion to the fact that he was a laborer in the Biggs salt W'orks. About 1826 he sold out and located in the southern part of the state, on the Big Muddy, where he lived for some time. The family were afterwards all murdered by the Indians, with the exception of three, a married daughter and two sons. The daughter had moved south. A grown up son had gone to Texas, to put in a crop and build a cabin for the family who were to follow. As the family were making the trip, in the summer or fall, the Indians surprised them and murdered the entire party, with the exception of a young son. He slipped away during the massacre, but was captured again by the Indians. The boy, it is said, with true pioneer pluck, when his pursuers came upon him, showed a determination not to be captured. His bravery saved his life. He was taken into captivity, and after many years of dilligent search by his brother, was found among the northwest Indians. He had lost his know- ledge of the English language and declined to return to civilization with his brother, w-ho had paid a ransom of one thousand dollars. He had to be taken away by force. John Charter came into the township about 183.5. He bought the Archibald Coulter place of Robert Plant. The state road was subsequently changed to run south of his place, and the stage stand was changed from Pearce's, iu Leef township, to Coulter's. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 5t7 lu 1823 William Biggs, a Kentuckian, sunk a salt well near the bank of Silver Creek, in section nineteen. He then bored to the depth of four hundred and forty feet, when the salt water began to flow. The creek has since so changed its course that now the old salt well is in the bed of the stream. Biggs invested a considerable amount of money in the works. He had forty large kettles for evaporating pur- p )ses. Fifteen cords of wood per day were consumed in making six bushels of salt. About twenty men were em- ployed in the works. Mr. Biggs was in the first General Assembly of the Territory convened west of the Ohio after the Revolution. Xovember 2oth, 1812, the first legislative body elected by the people of the Territory assembled. Biggs was a member (for two years) of the council elected from St Clair county. He was one of the gallant soldiers of Gen- eral Clark, and acted as a subordinate ofiicer in the conquest of Illinois in the years 1778 and '79. Governor St. Clair, in 1790, appointed him sheriff of St. Clair county, an office he held many years. In the year 1826 Congress granted him three sections of land for services rendered to the colonies in the Revolution. He was at one time taken into captivity by the Kic'iapjo Indians and severely treated. He paid a random of nearly 8300, and obtained his freedom. In 1826 he published a narrative of his captivity. He died the fol- lowing year, an aged and respected jiioneer, at the residence of Colonel Judy, \\\i brother-in-law. S)lomon H. Mudge, who was a prominent early citizen, came to St. Louis in 1835 from Portland, Maine, where he had been engaged in the commission and shipping business. He engaged in blinking in St- Louis, and in the spring of 1836 made a trip ihr.uigh Madison county, prospecting for a country home. He bought and entered one thou^saiid and eighty acres of land in this township. In section three, he built a comforta- ble summer residence and beautified a home. Two years later he changed his business from banking in St. Louis to that of hotel keeping in New Orleans, La., where he made a reputation which extended throughout the Mississippi Valley as " mine host of the St Charles Hotel." He died ill the spring of 1860, and his remains lie buried at his country home. During his business career in New Orleans he was accustomed to spend the summer months at his country residence. His widow still survives him, as do also six daughters and two sons, G. M. B Mudge, now engaged in the dry goods bu.siness in New York city, and E. W. Mudge, at present well known in Madison county. Anton Suppiger was born in Switzerland. He came to this county in 1831. He is one of the prominent farmers of the township, and resides in section thirty-two. His wife, Monika, is a native of Baden. Among the other early immigrants to the county who now reside in the.town- siip, may be mentioned the name of Bern'h Trautner and Nicholas Trautner. his so'i, a farmer, «ho resides in section five; John Spengel, farmer and stock-rai.ser, residing in section twenty-three, and Charles A. Voegel, who lives in section twenty-six. Tna first preaching was at the cabin of Mother How- ard, by the Barbers and Knights. As early as 1825 the Cumberland Presbyterians established a camp-ground in the northeast quarter of section thirty-one, where camp- meetings were conducted for several years in succession. Some of the camps were quite substantial, and afforded a good shelter during a hard rain. The early preachers officiating were John Barber, his son Joel and John Knight. It was here in the camp of Cipt. Abraham H)ward that the first school was taught by John Barber. School was conducted here for several summers and one winter. Wil- liam C. Mc.Ylilly and Alfred J. Parkinson, farmers, of St. Jacob's township, are the only scholars left in the settlement that attended that school. The following gentlemen have represented the township in the Board of Supervisors : Jones Tontz was elected in 1876, and served two terras ; E. W. Mudge, elected in 1878, served one term ; J.ines Tontz, re-elected in 1879,' served two terms; George Hotz was elected in 18S1, and is the present incumbent. The Germans began settling here as early as 1831. The first to arrive were Casper Koepfli, Joseph Suppiger, the Ambuhls, F. Kustermann, C. Koffmann, H. Stufflebach, more fully written up in the article on European emigration. The Germans now comprise a large majority of the inhabit- ants of the township. There is no town wholly within the township. Highland lies partly in section thirty-two, Saline partly in section four, and Pierron partly in section twenty- four. PIERRON. The village of Pierron, is a station on the Vandalia Railroad , thirty-five miles from St. Louis, containing about two hun- dred inhabitants. That part lying in Madison was laid out by Jacques Pierron, September, 1871, and that in Bond in July, 1874. In 1869, August Pierron erected a building on the present site of the village, which was used as a bar-room and grocery store by A. Pierron & Co. In February, 1870, the pjst-office was established, and August Pierron was appointed postmaster. Pierron & Rinderer carried on business as general merchants for four years, when, upon a dissolution, J. D. Rinderer built a large and commodious store-house on the B )nd county side of Main street, where he continued the same line of business. The first warehouse for grain was built in 1870 by J. Pierron and L. Knebel. In 1880 L. Knebel built an elevator, at a cost of about 85,000, capable of storing 20,000 bushels of grain. J. Weindel was the first blacksmith to begin operations in his line, which was in 1870. The first hotel was that of Charles Britseh, opened to the public in 1870. The present business of the place is represented as follows : General Merchandise. — Suppiger & Utiger. Agricultural Implements. — Aug. Pierron. Wagon- Makers.— G- Schwarz and F. Helbolt. Grain and Lumber. — L. Knebel & Co. Physician and Surgeon — Dr. M D. Tibbitts. Saddler. — R. Balsiger. Blacksmiths.— R. Lang and W. Seegar. Carpenter and Builder. — J. Bosler. Holeii. — J. Kurz, F. Haenuy and L. Lehuert. Dressmaker.— liixi. R. Balsiger. BIOGRAPHIES. ^-¥a^crt-^ /Yz'I^ Was born in Madison county, April 21st, 1843. As indicated by the name, his parents were of Teutonic origin. They came to America in 1840, locating north of Highland. Christian and Mary E. Hotz (nee Weber) were the parents of fourteen children, of whom ten are living, and who were all, save one, born in this country. Of these, George was the second. Such advantages as were offered in this country thirty years ago, in the way of schools, were made use of by him, and, by perseverance and energy, he acquired a fair business education. He was married to Anna Merkel, May 5th, 1864. By this union there have been born twelve 548 children. Mr. Hotz is a progressive farmer, and, by force of circumstances, somewhat a politician. His neighbors have repeatedly placed him in office, the duties of which he has discharged with satisfaction to all In 1874 he was chosen constable ; in 1876, assessor ; in 1880, collector ; and in 1881, and again in 1882, supervisor. In politics he is an unswerving Democrat, and has contributed much to his party's success. Upright in his dealings, faithful in the dis- charge of all duties devolving upon him, he is a man worthy of confidence and position. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 549 ^^^ ^r^^-^^tHi^ There are many men of prominence in Madison county who are of Swiss origin ; among those is he whose portrait is presented on this page. Jones Tontz was born April 27th, 1836, in Igis, Canton Gran-brienden, Switzerland. His parents were Christian and Barbara Tontz (Bernet). His father was a carpenter. There were four children in the family ; John, at present County Treasurer of Crawford county, Kansas, and mayor of the city of Girard, being the eldest; Jon(s, the second; Christian, a well-to-do farmer of Saline township, the third ; and Elizabeth Hirschi, the youngest. They all came to America, and directly to Saline township in the winter of 1845. Their attention had been attracted to this country through reading letters written by S. Koepfli, who spoke of Highland and vicinity as being a new Switzerland, with fertile plains in place of barren mountains. His writings brought many hither. The Tontz' came via. New Orleans. Christian Tontz, aged with his four-score years of life, still lives in Highland. His wife died August 26th, 1881. In the old country he was com- paratively poor. Hopes of bettering his condition had much to do with his seeking a new home. The subject of this sketch obtained a fair education in the old country, and followed it up by attendance upon the common schools here- in 1856 he went to Kansas, and there cast his first ballot in behalf of making Kansas a free state. In 'May, 1858, he returned here, where he has since resided. He was married to Elizabeth Hirschi, July 4th, 1860. By her he had six children, of whom five are living ; Chri.^ian J , a student at Eureka College; Magdalena, at Eureka also; Barbara, Elizabeth Susan, Frederick R., who died in 1872 ; and Mary Elizabeth. Mrs. Tontz died Sept. 24th, 1870. He married Dorothea Lemback March 23(1, 1871, by whom he had three children, George J., Frank F., and Dorothea R., who alone is living. His second wife died Sept. 9th, 1876. He married his present wife, Emma Kuhrt, Sept. 13th, 1877; by her he has two children living, Knowles Shaw, and James A. Garfield. Politically, Mr. Tontz is an avowed Republican. He held various positions, such as justice of the peace in 1867, de- puty sheriff' under Brooks Moore, supervisor in 1876, 1877, 1879, and 1880. In the fall of 1880 he was elected a Re- presentative to the General Assembly. The duties of every position to which he has been chosen have been faithfully and honestly discharged. He is an earnest and faithful member of the Christian Church. ALHAMBRA HIS portion of the county is bounded on the north by Olive, on the east by Leef, on the south by Marine and on the west by Hamel township. It contains thirty- six sections and embraces the whole of town five, range six. The principal stream is the west fork of Silver creek, which enters the township at section three and flows in a southwesterly di- rection making its exit at section nine- teen. There is some timber on this stream but the township is principally prairie. The township was origiually about one-fifth timber, much of which has since been cleared and the laud put under cultivation. A tributary of the east fork of Silver creek drains the eastern part. William Hinch, a hardy pioneer, from eastern Kentucky, where he was born and raised, the son of George Hinch, who was an early settler in that state, was the first white man to make his home within the boundaries of what is now Al- hambra township. He came here not with the intention of hunting and trapping for a short time, and. as civilization pressed onward, of seeking other hunting grounds, but with the firm determination of making this his permanent home, where by the advantage of cheap lands and a rich agricul- tural country, he could more easily gather about him a com- petency. He brought out his family, which consisted of his wife and three children, in what was called a stage wagon, the best kind manufactured at that time for making long journeys, as it could be closed up, and was about as com- fortable as the primitive cabin. He arrived here November 15th, 1817, and located in the edge of the timbers, a^short distance north and west of Silver creek, section nineteen. All winter he lived in a camp built out of poles and clap- boards. It had no door and the fire was built on the ground on one side. As there was no chimney the smoke escaped through the cracks or openings which were nu- merous. The pioneers were not afraid of a little smoke. On the inside were hung pauther-skins, deerskins and wolf- skins to keep out the cold and drifting snow. The pioneers became used to the hardships and vicissitudes of their pe- culiar life, and found pleasure in it. Many a one yet living can say with truth that the happiest moments of his life, were spent during the pioneer times, in the homely but to them comfortable cabins. It is noticeable with what affection the pioneers speak of their old log cabins. It may be doubted whether palaces ever sheltered happier hearts. During the winter Mr. Hinch built a cabin. He broke up 550 a small prairie field north of his house the following spring. He lived here about four years, and then erected a hewed log house north of the field. This put him nearly a half mile out on the prairie. This house had a puncheon floor. Some years later, he built the second hewed log house, one story and a half high, in the same yard. The lumber for the floors, doors and loft, as the upper room was called, he sawed out by hand. He was very skillful with the ax and whip-saw, and was also a great hunter, and kept his table well supplied with wild meats and honey. Hunting bee trees was a profitable recreation among the early settlers. The belts of timber along Silver creek were especially pro- lific of bee trees. The first winter Mr Hinch killed seven panthers in this settlement, and quite a number of wild cats and wolves. He brought a large bull dog from Kentucky with him, and when in the woods, this dog always accom- panied him. One day Mr. Hinch discovered a panther, about half grown, in a tree. He could easily have shot it, but he concluded to have some fun. Accordingly he cut a club of a length, to be easily handled. The tree was a forked one, and he climbed up the fork opposite the panther, and by motions of the club, and yells, frightened the beast till it jumped to the ground and into the embrace of the dog, that was quietly watching developments below. No sooner had the panther struck the ground than the fur began to fly, much to the amusement of Mr. Hinch, who wanted to test the grit of his dog, a very large aud fine specimen of his breed. The panthr was only half-grown, Mr. Hinch had much confidence in the dog's ability to kill him, but only after a hard struggle with the combined assist- ance of another large dog and Mr. Hinch's club was the panther finally killed. He would easily have escaped from Mr. Hinch's dog. The same winter Mr. Hinch wounded a full grown female panther, and this dog attempted the feat of dispatching her, when she unable to get up, seized the dog with one arm, and fastening her claws firmly in the side of his neck, held him as it were at arm's length. The dog used his utmost power to dislodge the panther's death-like grip, but without avail. Finally as a last resort, he began biting the panther's leg. The animal stood the severe punishment without a murmur, until ^Ir. Hinch sent a rifle ball thiough her head, and thus put an end to the struggle. A year or so later this dog was killed in the woods by the wolves. It is said that the wolves would often kill dogs, and that hunters took care not to allow their canines to get far out of sight, especially at night. The wolves were so numerous for many years in certain localities HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 551 along the streams, and their bowlings so loud and incessant that to sleep was utter)}' impossible. The wolf was not only a midnight prowler, but was often seen in the day time, skulking through a thicket, or trotting cautiously along an open path. The panther is not to be found in a country after it begins to settle up. But wild cats were found here and the wolves were very troublesome for many years after settlement. Mr. Hiuch lived on his homestead until his death in 1845. He left a widow and a family of nine children. His widow, who is eighty-eight years of age, still survives him, as do also seven of the children Joseph T., lives in Kansas ; Mary H., now Mrs. Thomas S. West ; Ma- tilda E., who married John Harrington, now a widow ; Wil- liam C; Susau C, now Mrs. James Williams, and Martha A., who married William Hulett, now a widow, live in this settlement. Jesse G., lives in Arkansas, and the two now deceased were born in Kentucky. William Hoxsey a native of Rhode Island, came to the county late in the fall of 1817. For six weeks he lived in a tent in what is now Pin Oak township. In the mean time he built a camp in the edge of the timber in section eighteen, where he moved his family the following January. During the winter he erected a hewed log house, twenty feet S(]uare, near the camp, in which he built a fire place that admitted a ten-foot stick. The floor was ot puncheons made out of hickory logs split in t*o and placed evenly down and worked to a smooth surface. The red hard wood and the white oak sap wood of the hickory showed a beautiful con- trast, and Mrs. Doctor Weir of Edwardsville. a daughter of Mr. Hoxsey, says she has never seen a more beautiful floor than that old hickory puncheon one in the Hoxsey cabin of sixty-four years ago. Mr. Hoxsey raised a family of eleven children, several of whom were grown when he settled here. John and Archibald soon returned to Kentucky, and mar- ried, and brought their young wives into the settlement. John married Mary Martin, and Archibald. Harriet Stephenson. Mr. Hoxey lived in the edge of the timber, about five years, and then moved his cabin nearly a mile west, where he sub- sequently built a substantial frame house, and where he re- sided until his death, October 18th, 1832, at sixty-six years of age. His wife survived him until October 5th, 1850. John, James, Archibald, Tristram P., and Alexander, were the sons of the family. T. P., was for many years a promi- nent official of Macoupin county. The others owned a large quantity of land in the settlement, and were successful farmers and good citizens. The daughters were Jane, who married B. Robinson ; Ellen, who became the wife of John Gray; Eliza, who married Daniel Anderson ; Mary, who became the wife of John H. Weir, M- D.; Maria, who mar- ried Edward Dorsey ; Martha, who died a young girl ; Mar- garet, who married Anderson Blackburn, a son of Gideon Blackburn, who founded Blackburn University, and Lucy, who married Michael Walsh of Walshville, Montgomery county, Illinois. Mr. Hoxsey came from Kentucky to Illi- nois, and brought with him a colored woman who served the family until after 1840. When quite an old woman, she went with the colored settlement of Pin Oak. Old Aunt Tempey is well remembered by many of the early settlers. The only survivor.* of Mr. Hoxsey's family are Mrs. Weir, Mi-s. Blackburn and Mrs. Robinson. James Gray, a brother of Mr. Hoxsev's wife, settled in the edge of the timber cast of the Farris place in the early part of 1818. He raised a large family of children and afterwards moved to Mont- gomery county, Illinois. In the spring of 1818, James Farris came and settled the Thomas 8. West place in section eighteen. He had a family of five children, Smith, George, Larkin, Margaret, who married John Riggin and Lucinda, who married Wil- liam Davis. They are now all dead and none of the de- scendants live in the settlement. George Farris built a '' band mill" here in early times that did good service for many years. James Farris erected the first frame house in the township. It was ornamented with a brick chimney, made of the first brick brought into the township. This house is in a good state of preservation and stands near the new res-idence of Mr. West. The first death was that of the mother of James Gray, which occurred in 1818. She was buried in the home place of the Grays, in section seventeen, where many others have since been laid to rest ; but no tomb- s-tones mark their graves. It is said by the old residents that nearly one hundred persons lie buried there, and at this writing only two stones mark the places of the departed. The old settlers would bury a friend or relative, build a log pen around the grave, which would soon rot away, and leave no mark of the burial place. The first birth was that of a daughter of William and AnnaHinch, February 10th, 1819. It died in infancy. John Gray and Miss Nellie Hoxsey were the contracting parties to the first marriage. Mr. Gray was a son of James Gray, and Miss Hoxsey was a daughter of William Hoxsey. The young lovers were cousins, and their parents objected strongly to their mar- riage, and even went so far as to forbid the banns. The young- sters were determined. There was no rapid transit by steam to convey them speedily out of the country, into that haven, Missouri, where thousands of lovers living east of the Miss- issippi, have been united and made happy. They mounted two horses to take a morning ride and immediately set out for St. Louis, and before the enraged parents discovered the ruse, they were on their way with light and happy hearts. Of this union four children were born. Mr. Gray died in the township. None of his descendants now live in the county. In 1818, quite a settlement was started on the east side of Silver creek in southwest part of the township, called the Piper settlement, made by John Piper, Richard Knight, Matthew Hall, Jackson and Prior Scroggins. Piper settled in the edge of the timber on the northeast quarter of section thirty. He lived on this same section until his death in 1864. He reared a family of six sons and three daughters, viz. William, James, Wesley, Holland, Oliver, Daniel, Jane, Nancy Ann and Catharine. Richard Knight settled farther down in the edge of the timber, in the southern part of sec- tion thirty, where he lived several years and then moved farther south in the state. He entered the first tract of land, 552 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ninety-seven and a half acres, in the township, September 80th, 1817. William Hinch entered the second tract, one hundred and sixty acres, November 15th, 1817, and in De- cember following, he entered one hundred and sixty acres more in section thirty. November 18th, 1817, James Farris entered one hundred and fifty-one and a third acres in .sec- tion eighteen. December 11th, 1817, William Hoxsey en- , tered three hundred and twenty acres in section eight, and at the same time Robert Aldrich entered the northwest fractional quarter of section thirty. Mathew Hall located south of the Knight place in section thirty-one. He after- ward moved to Macoupin county. The Scroggin brothers lived in this settlement a short time, and moved farther north. They never entered any land here. Thomas S. West who lives on section eighteen came to the county with his father iu 1815. He was then two years of age, having been born in Kentucky in 1813. He married his present wife, Mary H Hinch, in 1838, and the same year settled on the place where he now lives. Three days after he located here he bought out the Farris heirs. He and his wife are now among the oldest settlers living in the county They have had born to them a family of nine children, of whom four daughters are now living. Andrew Keown was born in South Carolina. In the year 1819 he visited Illinois, but soon went to Kentucky, where he was united in marriage in December of that year to Miss Sarah Goodwin. In the spring of 1825 he brought his family to the county on pack horses, and located in the southeast quarter of section 2, where he improved a good farm, and resided until his death, which occurred in 1880, when he was eighty-five years of age. He left a widow, who died the following year. They raised five children to be grown up, viz. : Elizabeth, who married Benjamin Brown, now deceased ; John, who improved a farm in the northeast corner of the township, where he now resides ; Mary, who married Henry Harnsberger, who is now a widow ; Calvin G., who is a Presbyterian minister, and Alexander, who lives in Jackson county, Illinois. Mr. Keown was a soldier of the war of 1812, and participated in the battle at New Orleans. January 8th, 1815. From 1871 until his death he received a pension as a survivor of that war. "Uncle Andy," as he was familiarly called, was a well-known citizen of the county ; he was much respected as a neighbor, and died regretted by a large circle of friends. William Pitman, a brother-in-law of Andrew Keown, came to the settlement about the same time, and settled on the J. M. Hiudsley place. He came from Kentucky, bringing his wife and all his worldly effects on one horse. It is said he walked, and carried his wife and axe. He made a comfortable home, where he died, leaving a widow, who never bore him any children. William W. Pearce, one of the old and wealthy citizens of the county, was born in Kentucky, June 20th, 1815. His father, James Pearce, came to this county the same year. William W. married Miss Barbara A. "Vincent, daughter of Isem Vincent, January 26th, 1834. He com- menced the improvement of a farm in what is now Olive township, the same year. Since 1851 he has been a resident of Alhambra township. Mr. Pearce had a natural turn for hunting, and none were more iuccessful in the county. He found a ready market in St. Louis for the fruits of his rifle, and he turned the profits realized into land. In this manner he entered about one thousand acres, since which time he has added largely to his possessions. Mr. and Mrs. Pearce have reared a family of ten children. J. B. McMichael came to the county in 1826 from Ten- nessee ; he was at that time a boy of eleven years of age. He indentured himself to Uncle Joe Bartlett, and remained with him until he was twenty-one years of age; he after- ward married a relation of his, Eliza Stinson, in 1846. Twelve children were the result of this union. Mr. Mc- Michael has lived in this township thirty-seven years, and spent most of his life at farming. From 1863 until 1867, he filled the office of assessor and treasurer of the county. He has served as constable, deputy-sherifi" and postmaster, and now fills the office of justice of the peace. Ephraim Harnsberger was born in Virginia, where he afterward mar- ried. In 1812 he went to Kentucky, where he remained until 1832 ; he then came to Madison county, and located on the William Wiseman place, where he continued until his death, November 26, 1846. His wife survived him only a short time. They reared a family of eight children, four boys and four girls, viz.: Levy, Mary Ann, who married James Hosey ; Jane L.. who married S. Aldrich ; Henry ; Martha, widow of P. Aldrich ; Rebecca, who married R. R. Cooksey ; Lewis M. and Ephraim. Mr. Harnsberger was one of the pro- minent citizens of his time, and was the first justice iu the town- ship. He represented the county in the commissioners' board, and was always identified with the best interests of the county. John Tabor came to the county with his family, consisting of a wife and four children, iu 1829; he located three miles east of Edwardsville. The following year he came to this township, and settled half-a-mile north of where the old Tabor homestead now is. There he continued to reside until his death in 1881. His widow still survives him, at the age of eighty-two years. They reared a family of ten children, who lived to marry and start in life for them- selves. Four are now living. Henry H. and James M. I are farmers in this township. Thomas K. lives in Wiscon- ' sin ; Eliza J., now Mrs. Jacob Rimmer, lives in Jasper county, Missouri. R. R. Cooksey, one of the early settlers, improved a place on section 10. He was a successful farmer, was a member of the Methodist church, and often I preached to the early settlers. He was three times mar- ' ried, and raised a family of eight children. The old gentle- man now lives in Worden. David Martin came iu 183 1 from Kentucky, and improved a farm in Fork Prairie, in the northern part of the township, where he resided until his death. He raised quite a family. John G., a son, is the I only one of the children living in the township, and is a farmer. The Prairie was settled principally after 1840. Among the first in the southern and western part were Cur tis Blakeman. William Highlander, Fred. Mindrop, Joshua Thompson and Gilmore. Nutter Piper taught school in an abandoned cabin on the west side of Silver creek as early as 1820. William Davenport taught in an empty cabin in the Hinch settle- HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 553 nient prior to 1830, a subscription school, and boarded among his employers. After teaching part of a term, he stopped the school, as it was a non-paying undertaking. In 1832 a log school-house was built in section 19. George Denny was the first teacher. School was taught at Andrew Keown's and R. R. Cooksey's, in out-buildings in the early times. The first school-house in the northern part of the township stood in the centre of section 2. This building was not put up until after 1840. It did service for about four years, and then burned down. It was heated by a large fire-place, from which some say it took fire. Others say the teacher set it on fire by saving ashes in an old barrel, for a lady in the neighborhood to make soap with. Early preaching was had at the residences of William Hinch and Andrew Keown. Rev. Thomas Ray, a Baptist minister, was the first to expound the gospel here. Several years later he was assisted by Elder Thomas Smith. They organized the first church at a date not now known. The congregation never built a house of worship, and finally dis- banded. The Baptists, some time later, built the first house of worship in the northwest quarter of section 32, which is still in use. ALHAMBEA Was laid out by Louis F. Sheppard, on the northern part of the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter of section 14. The plat was recorded November 2d, 1850. Mr. Shep- pard's wife gave the place its name. William W. Pearee laid out an addition of three blocks, north of the original town, in section 11. Solomon Tabor and Louis F. Sheppard erected the first buildings, about the same time. Tabor put in his a general stock of goods; Sheppard's was a residence. He also built a saw-mill soon after the town was laid out. William J. Lowry was the first postmaster; he was a farmer, living about two miles west. In 1846 or 1847 he procured the establishment of a post-office at his farm resi- dence, called " Lowry." When Alhambra was laid out, he moved there, and the name of the post-office became "Al- hambra." The office has been changed several times between this place and Greencastle. James B. McMichael moved it to Greencastle, and afterward changed it back to Alham- bra. R. D. Utiger removed it to Greencastle in 1870, where he has since retained it. The Narrow Gauge, or T. C and St. L. Railroad, has been graded through the town- ship recently, and its completion is expected as early as the fall of 1882. A depot will be built in near proximity to Alhambra. This railroad extends diagonally through the township, entering at section 31, and passing out at section 1. Alhambra built up slowly, but with a steady increase, to its present size. The last census gave it a population of 108. The two-story frame school-house is a good substantial 76 building, erected in 1879, where two teachers are em- ployed. The town contains two general stores. PRESENT BUSINESS. General Stores. — ^ Samuel Rosenthal!, Leutweiler & Leuscher. Hotels. — John Ottenad, and William Berg. Physicians.— F. M. Pearee and H. T. Wharfi'. Blacksmith Shops. — Chris. Stait and Keintz Brothers. Wagon Shops. — George Schmidt and August Gross. Millinery and Dress Making. — Mary J. Warderman. Barber. — J. P. Pearee. Harness and Saddlers. — H. Riffle, Casper Fridili. Hardware and Agricultural Implements. — John Gehrig. Tailor Shop. — V. Deibert. GREENCASTLE, One mile west of Alhambra, was laid out by Levi Harns. berger, W. S. Randle and Henry Harnsberger, October 19th, 1859, on the corners of sections ten, eleven and fourteen- They were farmers here, and laid the town out on adjoining parts of their respective farms. In 1860, John Thornburg erected a store building, and opened a general stock of goods. About 1865, Thornburg's store was burned down. John Gale built a store immediately afterward, and com- menced business. In 1869, R. D. LTtiger rebuilt the Thorn- burg store, and opened a general stock of goods. Shortly after the town was laid out, Thomas Thornburg, William Lieserman and John Gale built a grist mill with two run of burrs- It subsequently fell into the hands of Pearee and IMatthews, and about ten years ago was moved to Palmer, Christian county, Illinois. The Methodist church was built in 1861. The German Evangelical church was moved here from the Stepp neighborhood. It was used for both church and school purposes. It is now the German school. A new church was erected on the same lot in 1878. Captain John Thornburg gave the village its name, after Greencastle, Indiana. The last census gave it a population of 77. The following is the business. PRESENT BUSINESS. Post Master. — R. D. Utiger. Physician. — S. E. Bucknell. General Store. — Charles Ruedy. JTo^e/.— William Mees. Blacksmith. — Jacob Leef. Wagon SAop.— William Elliott. The following have represented the township in the Board of Supervisors ; R. D. Utiger was elected in 1876, and re- elected for each successive tsrm till 1881-82 ; H. H. Tabor was chosen in 1882, and is at present in office. BIOGRAPHY. ^.'li'C^uMA^ The third son of James and Lucinda (Alison) Pearce, was born in Kentucky, June 20th, 1815. His father and family came into Madison County in 1815, and settled near Edwardsville, so that Mr. Pearce has spent his entire life- time, with the exception of a few months, here. At a very early age he manifested a taste for hunting, in which he great- ly excelled. The broad prairies in the eastern part of the county with their game of deer, turkey, etc., furnished him a fine field. Next to hunting, trading was his passion. When a mere boy he became the proud owner of a pair of match calves ; these he traded for the pre-emption right and improvements of an eighty acre tract of land a part of sec- tion 25. The improvements consisted of five acres of land, broken and fenced, and a log cabin. In about'two years his 554 j earnings enabled him to enter this land. From this begin- I ning he has become one of the largest landed proprie- i tors in southern Illinois. About one thousand acres of his ' possessions was the direct result of successful hunting, actu- i ally made by his unerring rifle. Wriley Pearce married Miss Barbary A., daughter of Isham and Martha Vincent, January 25th. By her he has had five children. Mr. Pearce is energetic in a marked degree ; systematic in his looking after his business interest ; independent in his 1 views on all subjects, and outspoken in their declaration. His personal identity is peculiarly his own, accepting no mod- \ el but marking out his own course. Possessed of quick percep- ; tion and sound judgment he is of those who compel success. PARTIAL LIST OF PATRONS. CITY OF EDWARDSVILLE. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. OCCUPATION. it Armstrong, John M Edwardsville. Abrahams, P. H " Rra.lshaw, William P Ba>le, Hiitrh K Rrowii, A. L " Bii-kelhau[it, Geo. B Bull, H. B , Brown, Isaac H | " Barnsback, Jule G " Begemann, Fred " Bickelhaupt, Henry Brown, James R , dec'd.... " Bingham, Frank M i " Berger, Charles j " Bayer, Jacob " Bonner, S. O... " Burkhardt, Joseph Burrrnghs, B. R Bernins, G Cook, Cyrus L jCrossman, T. M I Cros-oor farm London, England [1844 ... Proprietor of restaurant Holstein, Denmark....! 1856 ... Wife of Jacob Pfeiffer Prussia ;1865 ... Physician and surgeon Philadelphia, Pa 1858 ... Attorney-at-law and justice of the peace Stewart co., Tenn 1814 ... County treasurer Madison co.. Ill 1850 ... Book keeper Montgomery co.. 111... 1875 Farmer St. Clair co.. Ill 1854 !!. Attorney-at-iaw St. Clair co., Ill 1850 ... Ex-SheriflF. City of New York 1837 ... Proprietor of saloon Germany 1854 ... Attorney-at-law Madison co.. Ill 1854 ... Grain dealer Washington co., R.I... 1857 ... Dealer in lumber, lime and hair cement Germany .1852 Mason co., Ky [1881 I Dauphin co.. Pa 4875 !.! Clerk, Pastor of St. Boniface church Baden, Germany !1878 ... Restaurant and saloon Germany 1869 ...Pastor of St. Mary's church |Ireland 1879 ... Marble works iJefferson co., Ky |1879 ....Physician and surgeon Jersey co.. Ill 1865 ....Contractor and builder [New Castle co., Del... 1864 .... IKslcr in Stoves, Tinware, Hardwari! and Firm Maehincrj Germany 1865 .... .\rchitect and superintendent ciarkvinc. Montgomery c Farmer Madison co., 111. .' Coal operator Austria ..., Saddler Germany 'Proprietor of .saloon Germany ;1878 Wife of Herman Sachse Germany '1878 Carpenter IGermany 1867 Wife of William Steehlinger Germany 1865 Agent for Anthony Kuehn's brewery 'Germany [1866 Dealer in hardware and agricultural impl'ts.. Madison co.. Ill |1S47 Retired druggist ....Hesse Darmstadt 1859 Groceries and queensware IMadison co., Ill |1851 Groceries and queensware Madison co., Ill 11856 ( Dlr. in stoves, hardware, agri'tural imprts,lRandolph co., Ohio. ..[1869 j tinware and house furnishing goods 'Switzerland jl853 Proprietor of Miller's exchange saloon iRhein Pftilz, Bavaria.. 1871 Banker 'Botetourt co., Va 18,33 Surveyor I Botetourt co., Va J1826 Butcher 'London, England ls51 Deputy Siieriti:...... [Macoupin co., Ill J1876 1844 1858 1854 1867 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 557 CITY OF EDWARSVILLE.-cosTiNUED. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE, OCCUPATION. ; Wolf, A. P Wolf, F. W [WiiU, (). E Weber, Jacob, Sr... Weber, Jacob, Jr., Webb, George J..., Sarah Shore NAxn-iTY. Edwardsville... EdwarJsville... Coal operator Madison eo., Ill 1841 ... Coal operator 'Madison co.. Ill 1840 " ... Coal ojierator |Madisou co.. Ill 1847 " ... Carriage and vvagon manufacturer Prussia 1854 " ... Carriage and wagon manufacturer Prussia 1854 " ... Railroad contractor and farmer London, Eng 1853 " ... Wife of George J. Webb Dublin, Ireland '1853 ED^VARDSVILLE TO^VNSHIP. ...Sect. ...jSect. ...Sect. ...'Sect. ... Sect. ... Sect. '54.! Bosomworth, Robert Edwardsville... Sect. Hannah Porter " ... Sect. Kohni, Frederick ^Sophia Blumc Dotterway, John G I Franek, Joseph I Mary Bender I Fangenroth, Charles W Miriam McKee Dec'd ■ ( Frances X. Richards Edwardsville. ..'Sect. ( (iiese, Herman " ...Sect. I Fredericka Take " ...Sect. J Gillham, R. C " ...Sect. (Emily P. Springer " ...Sect. J HoUidav, Jane R., (iieeKiDder) " ...Sect. I Hollidav, Robert Dec'd Nov. 8,'74l J Jones, i). H Edwardsville... 'Sect. j JIary E. Barnes " ...Sect. I Kiiiiler, George W " ...Sect. I Eliza J. Purviance '' ...Sect. J Kriege, William " ...Sect. I Mary Hilge " ...Sect. ( Kleine, John B., Jr " ...Sect. ( Saiiiantha F. Wlialey " ... Sect. i Kkine, John B., Sr." " ...Sect. ■[Sarah Stallings Dc'd Feb.27,'78J J Klingemann, Louis Edwardsville... Sect. [ Caroline Wisa ' " ...'Sect. ( Krouse, Martin ' " ...'Sect. \ .losipliino Durda Dec'd Apr. 6,'79| ( Mary KoimrousL' Edwardsville... Sect. ... Sect. ...Sect. ...:Sect. ... Sect. ...jSect. ...Sect. ...ISect. ...ISect. ... Sect. ...|Scct. ...jSect. ...ISect. ...'Sect. ...[Sect. ... Sect. ...{Sect. ...ISect. ...'Sect. ...;Sect. ...Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Farmer and stock raiser England Wife of Robert Bosomworth England Farmer Hanover, Germany... Wife of Fred Bohm 'Hanover, Germany... Farmer Edwardsville, 111 Wagon maker Austria Wile of Joseph Franek 'Austria Farmer and stock raiser iBerlin, Prussia First wife of Charles W. Fangenroth Madison co., Ill Present wife of Gharles W. Fangenroth Luzerne co., Pa Farmer Hanover, Germany... Wife of Herman Giese German)' Farmer .Madison co., Ill Wife of R. C. Gillham Madison co.. Ill Farming and stock raising Jefl'erson co., Ky Late husband of Jane R. Holliday Georgia Farmer and stock raiser iOhio Wife of D. S. Jones Sangamoa co.. Ill Farmer and dairyman Madison co.,Ill Wife of George W. Kinder Madison co.. Ill Farmer and stock raiser Germany Wife of William Kriege iGcrmany Farmer Madison co.. Ill Wife of John B. Kleiue, Jr Pike co., Ill Farmer iGermany Late wife of John B. Kleine, Sr Madison co.. III. I K' 'lien, John F ) Margaret A. Bruegger I Kind&r, Robert II I Jane McKee J Langri'der, Fritz H ( Matilda M. Kriesre j Luttrell, John \. I .\lice Murphy J Montgomery, Nelson I Elenora Kind('r...> j Montgomerv. Z. J \ Lilla D. McKittrick O'Neil, James iPremas, William Mary Schaa.schek ( Smola, Paul 1 Anna Berdick I Spahr, George W [ Martha TetlieringloD, {nee UutcbisoD)... jSchaffer, W. H I Bella B. Thompson j Smola, William I Sophia Rezank I Tartt, John (Sarah W. Randle J Windmoeller, Charles F... I Minna Borkharn Dc'd Mar. 2, '72 J Yanda, Frank Edwardsville... 1 Anna Bender j.t •' 20 .Farmer and stock raiser Germany 20 !Wife of Lcmis Klingeman Germany 8 Farmer and stock raiser Bohemia, Austria First wife of Martin Krouse Bohemia, Austria 8 Present wife of Martin Krouse Bohemia, Austria 23 Farmer St. Louii, Mo 2.3 Wife of John F. Kienlen Highland, 111 23 Farmer Madison co.. Ill 23 Wife of Robert H. Kinder |Madison co., Ill ' 17 Farmer .Germany 17 Wife of Fritz H. Langrcder 'Madison co.. Ill 8 Farmer Knox co., Teiin 8 Wife of John A. Luttrell Madison co , III |25 'Farmer, stock raiser and dealer 'Madison co., Ill 25 Wife of Nelson Montgomery 'Madison co.. Ill 36 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill 36 Wife of Z.J. Montgomery Madison co.,Ill 1 Farmer | Ireland 34 Farmer ; Austria ;.34 Wife of William Premas Austria '33 Farmer and stock raiser Austria 33 Wife of Paul Smola Austria 15 Farmer and stock raiser Perry co., Ohio 15 Wife of George W. Spahr Mad'ison co., Ill 22 Farmer Madison co., Ill 22 Wife of AV. H. Shafler Licking co., Ohio 32 Farmer Bohemia, Austria 32 Wife of William Smola Boluinia, Austria 22 Farmer and stock raiser Caldwell co., Ky 22 Wife of John Tartt [.Madison co.. Ill 34 Farmer and stock raiser 'Prussia Wile of Charles F. Windmoeller St. Louis, Mo 34 Blacksmith Austria 34 Wife of Frank Yanda Austria 1856 1856 1839 1843 1853 1871 1868 1843 18.34 1862 1848 1839 1836 1836 1811 1814 1870 1861 1831 1840 1854 1854 IX.'il 1.MJ7 1845 1.S33 1849 1859 1852 1852 1880 1852 1854 1827 1837 1.S52 18.55 1863 1861 1815 1819 18.55 ' 1857 1863 1853 1855 1851 18.55 1856 1823 1841 1868 1851 1854 183(J 1815 1.S52 1869 18.52 1868 558 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CITY OF ALTON. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. OCCCPATION. Alt, Andrew Allen, Geiirge R Baltes, Rt. Rev. P. J.. Bijrpins, Thomas IJrues.seni a n n , Hen ry Brenholt, John J Bruuer, John A Basse, H Boals, M. H Bruch, Victor Bauer, John Bickel, Louis f Busse, Die't H [ Busse, William M \ " Baker, H. S " Bowman, J. W " Buri, Anton North Alton.... Bassett, S. W Alton fBannon, James | '' Jane Mollov Dec'd Feb. 1860 t Sarah Pi)l)lenz, Prus KS49 1855 1856 d857 1855 1856 1855 ( Hechler, J. Adam Alton ( A. JIargaret Hoerner " Hugo, Kdwar.l M | " Huskinson, William i " Helh-ung, J. Henrv i " I Hellrung, Peter....". ! " I Catharine Ammend ; " Hessenauer, Henrv : " f Hoefert, Fred, Jr." j " ■) Hoefert, F"red,Sr Hack, William... i Bertha Mcver (Hack, M. Peter Ilch, David North Alton.... North Alton.... Dealer in wines and liquors .Mtenheim Baden, Gr. 1858 Joesting, F. W Alton Alton Merchant Hanover, Germany.... 1858 Jocsting, G. A " i " Book-keeper 1st National Bank Osnabrueck, Hanover. 186-i Joesting, E. A. W " " Confectioner, restaurant and bakery Hanover, Germany.... 1866 Jehle, John i " " Proprietor of Alton brewerv Zcll Baden, Germany. 1 1877 (Jones, David R iNorth Alton.... Sect. 2, 5-10 Retired ." South Wales ."..|l853 j Gweneyfrad, Jenkins j " " .... " " .... Wife of David~R. Jones South Wales 11853 ( Jones, Stepehn F 'Alton Alton Dealer in family groceries and provisions.... Alton, 111 1861 ( Mary A. Jones, (dw B«yn ( Joesting, Frederick W J. Otillc C. Sack j Ida Holtzmueller i Job, Z. B „.. [ Amanda Montgomery, Koerner, Charles (Koch, Charles I Julius I'ritch j Kran/., Jacob ( Kranz, Henry Klunk, William L ..jDec'dMar.9,'46 ..iAlton Mother of Stephen F. Jones....'. 'Kent, England 1852 " Retired Beimo 0«nahrueck. U«nover ,1837 First wife of Frederich W. Joesting (Westphalia, Prussia. ..1835 Alton Present wife of Frederich W. Joestiag jMuenden, Hanover.... 1856 " F.irmer and stock raiser IVirginia |1836 " Wife of Z. B. Job Madison co., Ill " .\gent U. S. lands and war claims schwsriiturg. Rudoiprsudi, ocr 1868 " Of F'ritsch & Koch, butchers and packers... Bavaria, Germany 1868 " Of I'ritsch & Koch, butchers and packers... Bernstadt, Prussia 1863 " Of Kranz Bros.' cigar factory Prussia 1873 " Of Kranz Bros.' cigar factory iPrussia 1873 " General undertaker York co.. Pa 1864 Kohler, (ielasius North Alton. ...North Alton.... Of M. Walter & Co., fruit dealers & grocers Baden, Germany 1851 Michael Walter " " ....I " " .... Of JI. Walter & Co., fruit dealers & grocers Baden, Germany 18i;6 Koehne, John H Alton Alton iWagon maker and blacksmith {Hanover, Gernumy.... 1848 Kohler, Franz 'North Alton... .'North Alton.... IFruit distillery and vineyard jobcrsdiopfheim. Baden, oormany., 1852 Eleonora Einsele ' " " ....' " " ....|Wife of Franz Kohler |Oher8chopthciin.Badeii,c,eriiianr.|1854 Koehne J. H Alton Alton 1 1 ! M. Walter Proprietor .saloon Kalb, Wurtemberg.... 1846 Wife of J. Jacob Kopp Rhein Pfalz, Bavaria. 184!) Proprietor .saloon Canton Berne, Swtzld. 1854 Wife of J. Gotlieb Kaeser ISt Louis, Mo... 1855 Deabr in groceries, provisions & crockery... jCoblenz, Prussia 1863 Wife of John Kremer ."....'Ahon, III 186i» Retired. Father of John Kremer Coblenz, Prussia 1863 (If Schmidt* Knccht. manufacturers ot soda and mineral waters.... Zucricll, Switzerland.. 1875 Wife of Theodore Knecht Alton, 111 1861 f Of LeyserBro., candy factory, bakery, and Rhein, Bavaria, (icr... 1864 (dealers in toys lRheiii,_ Bavaria, Ger...:1858 Dealer in groceries and provisions 'Ost F^ricsland, Ger 1858 Proprietor saloon fSt. Louis, Mo 1874 Capt. "Spread l^agle" (Eagle Packet) jPrnssia 1875 Proprietor saloon iLueben, Prussia 1858 j Kopp, J.Jacob ( Catherine Dick j Kaeser, J. Gotlieb I :\1. Barbara Piaff. ( Kremer, John < Phiippine, Dick i Kremer, Peter ( Knecht, Theodore 'l Maria Hoppe • ( Leyscr, Henry I Leyscr, John Lehne, Theodore Lannerth, Henry Leyhe, Henry I " Micssner, Paul " ( Meley, Andrew " I Rose Gaynor ' " Murphy, Joseph | " Moritz, Henry 0. Ct " Maul, Joseph | " Maul, Paul, Jr ! " Mever, Joseph [North Alton... Mold, George J Alton Miller, Daniel " j Mollov, Edward J 'North Alton... ( Annie Ma.s.s I '• " ... Jlelnernev, J. J Alton (McPike, H. G ( John Atwood McCarty, John f McLane, Louis \ Caroline Wilker.... McGrath, Daniel... McMillen North Alton. Norton, W. T JAlton lAlton Retired |Co. Sligo, Ireland 1845 " jWife of Andrew Melev Kings co., Ireland ;1840 " !of Murphy & Co., butchers |.\lleghany co., Md 1853 " IMerchant "tailor and clothier iLippe Detmoll, Ger.. .1854 " Proprietor barber shop I.VIton, III 1859 " ;Ton.sorial arti.st Alton, III 1859 North Alton.. ..iDairyman Canton St.Gallen,Szld 1861 Alton f^'Ki"" factory and shaving parlors lAlton, III 1K58 " Carriage factory iRhcin, Bavaria, Ger.. .1865 North Alton.. ..'Mine inspector," Madison county Co. Meath, Ireland ...11852 " 'Wife of Edward J. Molloy ". iGermany 1857 Alton 'l{;ditorand publisher of Alton Sentinel. Madi-son co.. Ill 1854 " Real estate and insurance 'Indiana 1837 " Real estate and insurance .Massachussetts 1846 " ,l'ro]irietor of saloon Co. Cork, Ireland 1855 " iCarriai.'e blacksmith lelferson Co.. Mo 1862 " Wife of Louis McLane Kvarisville, Ind 1862 " Proprietor of saloon Co. Limerick, Ireland. 1H49 North Alton ;Real estate agent |}racken co., Ky 1S72 Editor and publisher of Alton TelegrapJi jMadison co., Ill 1844 560 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CITY OF ALTON.— CONTINUED. Noonan, Dennis Neiuinger, I. A Neermann, Aujiust Nienhaus, Henry J Norton, Aug. T Eliza R. Norton Oltmanns, John H Perrin & Smith Pfeiflenberger, Lucas...- Peters, Rev. P Palm, Adam, Puetz, Till maun Mary U. Thomann Pieper, Frank Elizabeth Bartholme.... Public Library Pelot, Frank Charles.... Ann Maria LTtzinger.... Piafl', Valentine M. Louisa Hoffer Pelot, Frank C, Jr Fannie Krbeck Raible, Julius H Ryrie, J. M Roclemeyer, C Rutleclge, Walton Roe^sler, Charles Redmond, John Barbara Glasbrenner.... John Redmond -... Robidou, Paul L Emily Maville Richardson, Thomas.... Rain, Joseph W Isabell Clifford Sweetzer, Henry C Priest, Henry C Siem, William Schaub, Charley Stiner, Charles Steinheinier, Baptist Sparks, D. K. & Co Sommers, H. Aug Starr. Harry B Schollmeier, Joseph Smith, H. Sotier, Christopher Sauerwine, George Schenk, Henry Theresia Grossheira Santschi, Eugene Albert Fetterle Schlageter, Beda Eugenie Tilger Stanard, E. 'O Tonsor, .John M Thornton, Philip Jlargaret J. McClellau Threde, William Thompson, Wm Ll^nterbrink, Casper H.. Unterbrink, Casper H.. Ward, Patrick AVise, CharlesP Walter, V AV'empen, John Weigler, G H AV'yss, Samuel Wells, AV B Wagner, John Wagner, John Wedel, Adam Winter, Louis Louisa M. Baver Wrieht, Charles L EE3IDENCE. Alton i.\lton . OCCUPATION. X North Alton.... North Alton.. " ....1 " " .. Alton Boxl22.. Alton.... Contractor and Proprietor of Nilwood aod Alton CoalMioeg Co. Limerick, Ireland. Cigar factory JBaden, Germany Carpetry and upholstering HiMnhcim, Hunuver. cer Proprietor of saloon IHanover, Germany.... Pre.sbyterian clergyman jLitchfield co.. Conn... Wife of Aug. T. Norton Litchfield co., Conn... Dealer in general merchandise werdumOM Fnesiand, Hanover... Editoi-s and Publishers of Alton Democrat...\ Architect and Mayor of Alton 'Ohio Rector of St. Mary's church Keppeln, Prussia Tonsorial artist IMonroe co., Ill Proprietor of saloon | Gran. Ehclndort Bonn, Pnnsla.... Wife of Tillman Puetz jSchwaerstadt, Baden.. Proprietor of saloon and farmer iHoeinkhausen, Prus... Wife of Frank Pieper IWestphalia, Prussia... North Alton. Dec'd Dec. '63. Alton North Alton.... Carpenter and proprietor of saloon Canton Bern, Switz'ld. ]Wife of Frank Charles Pelot iRhein Bavaria, Ger... Dealer in stoves and tinware !Niedcrschnpn,eim, Ger. Switzerland Alton, III Alton. Ill Wurtemburg, Ger'y... Alton, 111 Alton . Alton 'Alton St. Louis, Mo.. Alton AVife of A'alentine Pfaff. jProprietor of cigar manufactory l; AVife of Frank C. Pelot, Jr Rectifier, wholesale liquor and wine dealer.. • «•.[ stiner & Ryrie, dealers in wool , rnrp, coal, wood, prodncfl and feed. . . " |Carriage and wagon factory 'Alton, 111 " ICity engineer and county surveyor (Durham co., Eng North Alton iNorth Alton Park saloon OehHngen, TTurtembnrg, Oer.... " " .... Saddlery and harness dealer Queens co., Ireland.. AV'ife of John Redmond AVurtemburg, Ger'y.. Father of John Redmond Queens co., Ireland.. Horse shoeing and general blacksmithing...!St. Louis, Mo. AVife of Paul L. Robidou Horse .shoeing and general blacksmithing... Millinery store and restaurant AA'^ife of Joseph AV. Rain lEngland Of Sweetzer & Priest lumber yard 'Franklin co., Mass. Of Sweetser tfe Priest lumber yard iFranklin co., Mass. Merchant ." iHolstein, Germany Stock dealer and butcher 'Nieder.choprhcim, Baden. Ger or Stiner 4 Ryrie dealers in wool. Tars, coal, wood, produce and feed.. lAItOU, 111 Proprietor of saloon Proprietor National Mills Broker and farmer Proprietor of Alton Ferry Proprietor of saloon Davenport, Iowa, Dry goods merchant iMadison co., Tenn North Alton. Amherstburg, Canada. Fifeshire, Scotland England 2826 Thomas St., St. Loali Alton Prussia, Germany Harrison co., Ind Halle, Prussia Columbiana CO., Ohio. St. Louis St. Louis ....Alton North Alton. ' Alton St. Louis, Mo... 1512,-15 Bway. Sl.Lou Alton lAlton Dc'dJau.21,'82 Alton .Alton North Alton.... ■'^ect. 2. 5-10.... " ....Sect. 2. 5-10 Alton Alton Saloon and book binder Kissingen, Bavaria.... Butcher Nassau, Germany Groceries, feed and packer Saxon, Prussia AVife of Henry Schenk Saxon, Prussia f Of E. Santschi & Fetterle, watch makers f Canton Neuchatel, 1 and jewelers | Switzerland Turner, manuftr of parasols, umbrellas, etc. ober't'lop'i"'!™ saden jAVife of Beda Schlageter Rohrbach, B.aden Miller New Hampshire Rectifier and wholesale liquor dealer AVestphalia, Prussia... Dealer in family groceries and provisions Co. Louth, Ireland AVife of Philip' Thornton Co. Armagh, Ireland.. Proprietor of saloon 'Holstein, Germany.... Capt of steamer Gsm City, of St. Lonis and St. Paul Packet Co.. Euimetsburgh, Aid Proprietor of saloon Bueude, Prussia For Protestant German School ! Clerk of Alton city court 'Co. Down, Ireland Attoruey-at-law lEmraetsburgh, Md.... Music store andProp'rof Commercial Hotel. Baden, Germany Liquor merchant IHanover, Germany.... Alerchant [Elberfeld, Prussia Proprietor of Spring Street House [Canton Bern, Switz'ld. Dealer in horses and mules Madison co.. Ill Saloon and cooper Rhein, Prussia Father of ,Tfihn AVagncr, Jr Rhein, Prussia Of Berg & AV^edel's saloon Butcher AA^ife of Louis AVinter Hesse Darmstadt, Ger. AVestphalia, Prussia... Pranlicnbnrg, HeBSen Cassel Cambridge, Mass HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 561 CITY OF ALTON.- -CONTINCKD. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. Watson Henrv 'Alton Alton Contractor, builder, and prop'r of quarries... ( Weisbach. Cliristopher j " I " Prop'r and mamifr of soda & mineral waters 1 Christine Hetzel I " | " Wife of Christopher A\ eisbach I Wiciielman W...!.! ISt. Louis 1001 Market st. Wliolesale and retail grocer ( Christine Knottnerus St. Louis ! Wife of W. Wiehelman.. ......... ( Woodside, Alexander Alton 'Alton Foreman car and repair shops, t. & A. K.K. I Mary Huriiie ! " I " Wife of Alexander Woodside Yan-er T H . " | " State's attornev j Yomig, James.'.!!!!..!! North Alton.... Sect. 2, 5-10.... Prop'r N. Alton & Alton 'bus line & saloon.. 1 Mary Schall 1 " " .... Sect. 2, 5-10.... Wife of James Young j Yackel, Casper ^Alton Cr.2d &AValnut Prop'r Farmers' boarding home & house 1 Caroline C. Ohlev I " Alton Wife of Casper Yackel..... Zechmcister & Henzel. Zwi^slor. C. J .... Zirnes, Jacob Alton Editor and publisher of Alton Banner " Rector of Sts. Peter & Paul's cathedral Proprietor saloon. Durham co., Eng. Rhein, Bavaria, (Jer... St. Louis, Mo Brunswick, Germany.. Madison co.. Ill Ayrshire, Scotland Renfrewshire, Scotl'd. Saxen Weim, Ger Albany co., N. Y Palmyra, Mo Hessen Darmstadt, Gr. Belleville, 111 (iermany Dayton, Ohio Scott CO., Mo 1859 185(5 1856 1879 1851) 18.52 18.52 1838 1879 1866 1852 1852 1881 1876 1876 UPPER ALTOX. (Ball, S. W i Isabella Chapin I Clark, Sarah J. Cole I Clark, J. C. C I Isaac D. Newell ( Herman C. Cole f Cooper, Susan AV I Cooper, John I Finlev, James M I Marv'A. Holland JGillham, Daniel B \ Adeline Harrison J Hewit, Lucy, (nee Moore) I Hewit. Franklin I Ilavs, Henrv H I Sarah iZ. Bartlett I H:iys, Elijah \ .luliana Newell Iloliarth, S. S Starr. J. E (Kendrick, A. A I Marv Jewett JLowc, M. A ( Eliza Waggoner j Lowe, R. E I Frances A. Radcr I Lochr, Henry ( Aguste Heideman I Moore, Franklin I Tobitha Elliott I Moore, Abel I Marv Bates ( :\Ioore, Troy I Clarissa A. Patterson j Mills, Henry E I Emma B. Sprague I Roirers. James T 1 Alice .1. Brown (Rundel, Henry B ) Ann Miller j Rixen, James j Jane Marshall fWeek.s, Joseph H 1 Martha Mi Magill j Wyman, Edward 1 Wvman, Jlartha L j Wright. William R I Helen M. English jWood, S. F 1 Emma Head Upper Alton. Upper Alton., Dc'dAug.lS,'.57' Dc'dOct.20,'74 Upper Alton... Upper ^1 ton.. Dc'd Mar. 2, '68 Upper Alton... Upper Alton. LTpper Alton... Dc'd Dec.-22,'77 Upper Alton... Upper Alton.. Dc'd Sep. 17,'78 Alton Alton Elsah 'Jersey co., 111. Upper Alton... Upper Alton.. Dc'dMav31,'72 Dc'd FelU0,'4(3 Dee'dFeb.9,'4G Upper Alton... Upper Alton. Salesman Wife of S. W. Ball wife or J. C. U. Clark, ftnd former wi'e of the laic Henaaa C. Cole. Profes.sor, Sburtleft' College Father of Sarah J. Clark.T . First husband of Sarah J. Clark Retired . Late husband of Susan W. Cooper . Cooper . Wife of James M. Finley . Retired . Wife of Daniel B. Gillham . Retired . Late husband of Lucy Hewit Salesman . Wife of Henrv H. Havs . Father of Heiirv H. Havs . Mother of Henry H. Hays, . Contractor and builder . Farmer . President Shurtlotf College . Wife of A. A. Kendrick . Farmer and fruit grower . Wife of M. A. Lowe . Proprietor hotel .Wife of R. E. Lowe .Livery and feed stable . Wife of Henry Loehr . Farmer and stock raiser . Late wife of Franklin Moore . Father of Franklin Moore .Mother of Franklin Moore, wife of A. Moore .Wife of Troy Moore . .\ttornev-at-law, St. Louis, Mo .Wifeof'Henrj- E. Mills .;Wife of James T. Rogers .('itv marshal .Wife of Henry B. Rundel . (Janlener and florist .Wife of James Rixen . Prist master .Wife of Joseph H. Weeks .IPrincipal Wyman Institute .IWifeof Edward Wyman . ICnoper .Wife of William E. Wright ^ . I Farmer... .Wife of S. F. Wood Albany co., N. Y iHampden co., Ma.»8... Herkimer co., N. Y... Providence, R. I Burke co., Vermont... iSeneca co., N. Y Knox CO., Tenn .\ndersou co., Tenn... Bond CO., Ill Kobert.son co., Tenn... Madison co., Ill Green Co., Ill Monroe co., Ill .Vshtabula co., Ohio... Coles CO., Ill Madi.son co.. Ill New York Bradford co., Pa Montgomery co , 111... 1854 1854 1847 1875 1847 1868 1834 1834 1847 1847 1826 1840 1848 1848 1841 18.53 1842 1842 1873 Fs.'^ex CO., N. Y .\ddison co., Vermont Monroe co., W. Va Tennessee M(mroe CO., W. Va.... St. Louis, Mo ! Germany Germany Madison CO., HI Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Monroe co., Ill Tennessee Susquehanna co.. Pa.. Washington CO., Ohio W.ashington co., Ky..., Green co.. Ill Madison CO., Ill Madison CO., Ill X'thamptonshire, Eng N'thamptoiishire, Eng New York Citv .Krsey CO., Ill Middlesex CO., Mass... Boston, Mass Summer co., Tenn Onondaga co., N. Y'... Madison co.. Ill Madison co., Ill 1872 1872 1829 1833 1829 1 s.-,i) is.-,:t iSL'i; is3(; 1808 1808 1848 1848 18.56 1881 1872 1872 1828 1838 1858 18.58 I860 1872 1879 1879 1829 1841 1838 1844 5G2 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. FOSTERBURG. POST OFFICE. Fosteiburg. ( Brnwn, Corydon C... Ingahco, Viinnatla... BcsMT, Cliarles R.... Louisa Hansiuann.. ' Bicrbauiii, William jUpper Alton.... Louisa Malfe I " " Bierbaum, Emma I " " f Biggane, Hannah i " " \ Biggaue, Michael IDiedDec.6,'8L I Beckemeier, Gottlieb Upper Alton... I Caroline Wibbclmann f Brown, John ■! Edmund Brown I Mary Rvan f Beyer, Albert F I Beineke, Mary H (Bar, Jacob \ Biir, Herman ( Rosena Wolshlagel ( Gulp, John S I Mary Moore ( Cavault, Nancy 1 " " .... \ John Deck jDc'd July9,'70 ( Abraham Cavault Upper Alton..., j Dillon, John D iFosterburg t Nancy Preuitt |Fosterburg RESIDENCE. Sect. 23 Sect. 23 ..Sect. 14 Sect. 14 Sect. 17 Sect. 17 Sect. 17 Sect. 30 De'd Oct.12,'79. Dc'dFeb.22,'78. Fosterburg Sect. 29.. Sect. 29.. Upper Alton.... Fosterburg... Fo.sterburg... Fo.sterburg... Fosterburg... Fosterburg... Sect. 35 Sect. 35 Sect. 34 j Dooling, E. (Julia Welch j Ducommun, Emile I Augusta Plauitz I Evans, John \ Margaret Rees f Freark, Christian (. Fredereka HofFmeister J Frerichs, Frerich R t Meta Jan.ssen j Gerdt, Henry \ Sophia Ehbeler i Harris, William L \ Louisa Grocc •j Harris, T. N I Maria J. Gulp (Hill, William E \ Martha Wilson ( Mary Brooks.... (Jones, James G Elizabeth Ann Deck Rutha Jane Deck Hannah D. Bevill j Klinke, Fritz j Adelhei Metzler Ki'ieg, Jacob Catherine Altmann Luman, Hazael JIary A. Hays, (nee wiiiiams), McKee, Samuel Catherine Steward Mary A. Arbuckle I Ost, John t Alice Warner Spurgeon, William J f/Soverns, Hilan 1 Anna JI. Salzmann........ 1 Short, Perry W \ Polly Deck j Rachel Nichols I Sherfy, Isaac ( Louisa Isch 2 Chandler.).. Upper Alton.... Sect. 34.. Sect. 14... Sect. 14.. Sect. 34.. Sect. 34... Sect. 30... Sect. 30.. Sect. 29.. Sect. 29.. Sect. 23.. Sect. 23.. Sect. 31.. Sect. 31.. Fosterburg' Fosterburg Fosterburg Fosterburg Godfrey iSect. 7 ... (todtVey Sect. 7.... Upper Alton.. ..iSect. 33... Sect. 33... Sect. 33.. Sect. 33.. Sect. 26... Sect. 26.. Fosterburg Dc'd Apr. 6,'31. Fosterburg Upper Alton... .ISect. 28 Dc'dOct.13,'52. Dc'd Feb. 7,'57. Upper Alton.... I TbompsoD, Sunanuoh, (n Eldred Foster I Jacob Thompson., [Wood, Sarah ! Wood, Joshua Fosterburg Fosterburg Bethalto Bethalto North Alton.... Dec'd Feb. 79.. North Alton.... Fosterburg Fosterburg Upper Alton ... Bethalto Bethalto Upper Alton.... Dc'dAug.22,'67 Upper Alton.... Sect. 28.. Sect, 34.. Sect. 34., Sect. 21 . Sect. 21.. Sect. 25.. Sect. 25.. Sect. 18.. Sect. 18 Fosterburg., Fosterburg., Sect. 33 Sect. 36 Sect. 36 Sect. 34 Fosterburg Dc'd June, '51 Dec'd Sept. '74. Upper Alton.... Dc'd Nov. 11,'65 Sect. 16.. Sect. 16.. Sect. 13.. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. WHEN CAHE TO CO. Rensselaer co., N. Y... Madison co., Ill Saxen Weimer Prussia Prussia Switzerland Farmer Wife of Corydon C. Brown Carpenter and farmer Wife of Charles R. Besser Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Wm. Bierbaum Daughter of Wm. Bierbaum Madison co., Ill Farming Jeflorsim co., Ky Late husband of Hannah Biggane Ireland Farmer and stock raiser Prussia Wife of Gottlieb Beckemeier Hanover Farmer Ireland Brother of John Brown Ireland Wife of Edmund Brown Ireland Presbyterian clergvman Prussia Wife of Albert F. Beyer Gasconade co., Mo.... Blacksmith Switzerland Coal miner Switzerland Wife of Jacob Bar jSwitzerland Farmer and supervisor [Madison co., Ill Wife of John S. Gulp ;Madison co., Ill Farming jSurrey co., N. C Fiist husband of Nancy Cavault jSuIlivan co., Tenn.... Present luisliand of Nancy Cavault jVirginia Retired lilacksmith and wagon maker Butler co., Ohio Wife of John D. Dillon 'Madison CO., Ill Farmer and stock raiser JMadison co., Ill Wife of E. Dooling [Ireland Jeweler and farmer 'Switzerland Wife of Emile Ducommun Switzerland Farmer [Wales Wife of John Evans Wales Farmer iPrussia Wife of Christian Freark IPrussia Farmer and steam thrasher iHanover, Germany... Wife of Frerich R. Frerichs Hanover, Germany... Farmer Wiie^of Henry Gerdt, Farmer Wife of William L. Harris Farmer Wife of T. N. Harris Farmer First wife of Wm. E. Hill iLiving.ston co., Ky |18... Present wife of Wm. E. Hill Chautauqua co., N. Y.|1832 Farmer 'Maury co., Tenn 11837 Sect. 28.. Prussia, Madison co., Ill Champaign co., Ohio.. Green co.. Ill Champaign co., Ohio.. 1852 Macoupin co.. Ill [1842 Livingston co., Ky |l831 1853 1834 1857 1857 1849 1847 1854 1852 1851 1864 1864 1861 1859 1859 1878 1881 1855 1855 1855 1844 1847 1817 1817 1872 1837 1826 1824 1849 1867 1867 1857 1857 1848 1848 1858 1857 1871 1860 1851 1846 First wife of James G. Jones Madison co.. 111. Madison co.. 111. Madison co.. 111. Prussia France Second wife of James G. Jones Present wife of James G. Jones Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Fritz Klinke Farmer IWurtemburg, Ger Wife of Jacob Krieg Wurtemburg, Ger.... Farmer Kentucky Wife of Hazael Luman tMadison co., Ill Farmer Kentucky First wife of Samuel McGee Nashville, Tenn Present wife of Samuel McGee [Kentucky Blacksmith 'Upper Alton, 111 Wife of John Ost [Fosterburg, 111 Farmer 'Madison co., Ill Farmer I Boone co., Ky Wife of Hilan Soverns [Saxen Weimer, Ger.. .1850 Farmer 'Madison co., Ill 1826 First wife of Perry W. Short Madison co., Ill ,1824 Madison CO., Ill il821 Madi-son CO., Ill |1836 Michigan 11856 North Carolina 1839 Madison CO., Ill 1821 Ohio' 1834 Christian co., Ky 1819 Ohio [1819 1823 1833 1836 1858 1857 1857 1857 1828 1833 1848 1848 1852 1857 1S61 1865 1863 Divorced wife of Perry W. Short Farmer Wife of Isaac Sherfy Farming First husband of Susannah Thompson.. Late husband of Susannah Thompson.. Farming Late husband of Sarah Wood HISTORY OF MADISON COUNT J, ILLINOIS. 563 GODFREY POST OFFICE. KESIDEXCE. OCCUPATIOX. I Brown, Zebulon GodCrev Sect. 9 Farmer and stock raiser Canada J Mary A. Moore Dc'd .\p. 14, '49 First wife of Zebulon Brown Philadelpliia, I'a.. 1 Mary A. Cantrall Dc'd Feb. 9, '64 Second wife of Zebulon Brown Monroe CO., Ill — I Sarah Squire (ioiHrey Sect. 9 I'resent wife of Zebulon Brown England (Camp, Henrv Xortli Alton.... Seel. 34 Farmer and coal operator Harrisburg, Pa 18"i0 I Marv Wearmouth North Alton.... Sect. 34 Wife of Henry Camp Dubuque Co., Iowa 1807 1839 1837 1849 isr,2 Crawford, Robert W Godlrev Sect. 12 Farmer and stock raiser Co. Don Nanov J. Meldrum Dc'd Apr.— ,'58 First wife of Robert W. Crawford 'Illinois... t Ann Squire Godfrey Sect. 12 Frtsent wife of Robert \\\ Crawford iKnsland Ireland. j Castagneto, John { Julia Grasjean ( Copley, John S \ Lucy A. Holt I Copley, George W f Chamberlain, S. A \ Charlott Yarber i Geneye Hodgson ( Chambers, Jacob \ Margaret Kidgeway I Joanna Steyens I Dayis, Willard W ( Margaret Huntington I Delaplain, Eliz..(neeReid) I Delaj>lain, Benjamin f Donaldson, Calyin \ Elizabeth Williams J Dayis. James I Hannah Byrns f DePugh, Henry \ Amanda J. Bell [Ebbler, Henry, Sr I Frances, Breye I Ebbler, Henry, Jr [ Amelia Ulriih ( Franklin, Edmund \ Jane Griswold,( nee Green) f Godfrey, Benjamin J Augusta E. Caldwell... I Godfrey, Benjamin, Sr. I Godfrey, Rebecca K. (uee PettiO.. , J Glenn, W^illiam A ) Abby Neff. J Glassbrenner, Fred \ Sarah M. PitMco Sect. 14 JI;inufr of ap|>le. peach and grape brandies, tienoa, Italy .. Sect. 14 Wife of John Castagneto Paris, France ..Sect. 27 Engineer and machinist |< )iieida CO., N. Y.. .. Sect. 27 Wife of John S. Copley Jackson co.. III... ..Sect. 27 Farmer and painter...." Mattewan, N. Y... .. Sect. 25 Farmer and cider manufacturer jSalem, Mass. Dec'dAug.3,'58' First wife of S. A. Chamberlain Green co., Ill Godfrey Sect. 25 Present >vife of S. A. Chamberlain |l)earborn co., Ind Sect. 18 Farmer and fiuit grower iMonmouth co., N. J... Dc'd Apr.— ,'691 First wife of Jacob Chambers INew Jersey Godfrey Sect. 18 Present wife of Jacob Chambers iBordentown, N. J. " Sect.lO Farmer and stock raiser jPenobscot co., Mc, " • Sect.lO iWifeof Willard W. Dayis IMitdison co.. III.... " • Sect,24 Retired. Widow of Benjamin Delaplain.. ..'Hay Co., Tenn |1821 Dc'd July 7,76' | Late husband of Elizabeth Delaplain Mason co., Ky il807 North Alton.... Sect. 17 Farmer and stock rai^er Adanisyille, S. C- '1862 North Alton-... Sect. 17 Wite of Cahin Donaldson Meckienburghcc, Va. 1862 Sect. 26 Fruit and vegetable grower Madison co., Ill 1841 Sect. 26 Wife of James Davis Ireland 1859 Mason co., Ky 1867 1862 1841 1847 1S57 1853 1S40 18.55 18.'->4 1834 1837 1834 1832 1867 1861 1861 1865 1844 1834 Godfrey Dc'dMar.20,'82 Dc'dAug.l3,'62l Godfrev ISect. 14 " " • ISect. 26 ISect. 26 North Alton !Sect. 35 Sect. 35... Sect. 21 Minister African M. E. Church Sect. 21 AVife of Henry DePugh Sect. 2 Retired Sect. 2 jWife of Henry Ebbler, Sr Sect. 2 [Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 2 Wife of Henry Ebbler, Jr Sect. 17 iFarmer and stock raiser Sect. 17 [Wife of Edmund Franklin Sect. 14 ! Farmer Late wife of Benjamin Godfrey Father of Benjamin Godfrey Mother of Benjamin Godfrey Farmer Wife of William A. Glenn 'Madison co., Ill 4841 Prop'r lie., feed, sale fiiables. Highesl ca.sh price p'd for horses, mules Germany .1873 ..!Wife of Fred Glassbrenner Madison co.. Ill 1855 Lewis CO., Ky .... Pru.ssia .... Prussia ....iMadison co.. Ill Madison CO., Ill I8iil Campbell CO., Va 1876 St. Charles, Mo 1876 1840 18l;9 1833 1839 1841 Alton, 111 Cooper CO., Mo Chatam, Mass Long Island, N. Y. Franklin co.. Pa. II iskell, Mi.ss II. N Godfrey Godfrev Principal Monticello Seminary ' ( Ilickin, Edward 'Alton Sect. 26 Farmer England '( Harriet Atkin i " Sect. 26 Wife of Edward Hickin England ( lldUadav. Cahin Godfrey ISect. 21 Farmer and slock raiser 1 MahuldaWarficld I " .. '" ' "' ( Hancock, William Palmer " 1870 1870 1850 Tcnne sue Sect. 21 Wife of t'alvin Holladay Madison co,Ill 1851 Sect. 23 Csh'rR.S.:\lrC(irniiik's com. house, St.Lou's Willmington. Ind 1880 I ILlen Perlina Mason " jSect. 23 Wife of William Palmer Hancock... j Ingham, Lucrclia M. (ncc liogsdale) " ■ SeCt. 11 WidoW Of Rohuid J. lugham j Ingham, Roland J 'Dec'd Feb. 2,'8l| Late husband of Lucretia M. Ingham ( Isett, J. R Godfrev Sect. 14 Fanner and stock raiser (Elizabeth Hamilton " '. Sect. 14 Wife of J. R. Isett New Jer; ( Lindley, George " Sect. 14 Farmer and stock raiser iSt. Louis, jlo... 1 Mary Jane Waters. Madison co.. Ill 1840 Monne co., E. Tenn.. 1852 Dublin, Ireland 1835 Montgomery co., Pa.. 1848 . 1848 18C1 Lontr, James L North Alton Sect. 34 Farmer and stock raiser ,'Sect. 14 Wife of George Lindley Madison co.. Ill 1854 Madison CO., Ill 1839 Elvira H. Lee " " Sect. 34 -Wife of James L. Long iManchester, Mass 1876 Lindley, Mary C. (nee.stra»).. Godfrev Sect. 4 Retired. W^idow of William Lindley Itiermany 1851 , Lindley, William Dc'd 5iar.2,'69l Late husband of Mary C. Lindley lEngland 1851 ( Lons, Benjamin Franklin. North Alton Sect. 34 Horticulturist and letired physician JHopkinton, N. H |l8;i I Lucy Martin IDc'dNov.17,'46' Firet wife of Benjamin F. Long Bradford, N. H 1836 1 Hannah L. Furber iDc'd Feb. 8, '72' Second wife of Benjamin F. Long West Scarboro, Me 1854 1 Mary J. Bailev North Alton Sect. 34 Present wife of Benjamin F. Long JHopkinton, N. H 1874 Murray. William J I " " Sect. 8 Farmer England 1800 I Mary M. Ma.sulli I " " Sect. 8 Wife of William J. :Murniy Madison co.,Ill 1S( 1 ■| Murray, William Dec'd , '61.1 Father of 'William J. Murray Ireland 18.^8 [Marceila Dillon iDc'd Mr. 22,'81; Mother of William J. Murray Dublin, Ireland 1800 Mason, Edward A Godfrey Godfrev Postiiia-ster. Dealer in rruiu, nursery swck.pianu, seeds. 4c. Worcester co.. Mass... 1863 ( Melling, P. J North Alton Sect. 35 Iii>tice of the peace 'Co. Derrv, Ireland 1858 I Sarah O'Connor \ " " Sect. 35 Wife of P. J. Melling Co. Dorry, Ireland 1850 (Mitchell, James, Sr Alton Sect. 35 Proprietor coal mine, and operator Vvreshire, Scotlaud... 1848 \ Mary Smith Dec'd Oct. 7, '57; First wife of James Mitchell Noya Scotia 1848 I Margaret Hughe.s, (ii« BeardjiAlton Sect. 35 Present wife of James Mitchell [Ayrshire, Scotland U42 564 HISTORY OF MADISON^ COUNTY, ILLINOIS. GODFREY.-CONTI^LED POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. occhpatiox. NATIVITY. (Martin. W. H De'd Mar. 1/82.; Was physician and surgeon Hillsboroiigli, N. H...I1857 \ Mary F. Taylor Godfrey..... jGodlrey j Merriman, Charles B iNorth Alton.... Sect. 27... 1 Martha Hill North Alton.... Sect, 27... (Martin, James W iGodfrey Sect. 14... I Elizabeth Winters '• " Sect. 14... J Mason Matilda, ineestcwani.i " Sect. 14 .. Mason, Charles H iDc'd Dec.11,'74 , Widow of late Dr. W. H. Martin Canada 1857 . Farmer and stock raiser Middletown, Conn 1852 , Wile of Chas. B. Merriman Connorsville, Ind 1859 . Farmer and stock raiser Alton 111 1837 , Wife of James W. Martin Germany .Farming and stock raising llreland 1856 Late husband of Matilda Mason Caselton, Vt 1837 [Matlock, John A [Godfrey Sect. 5 iFarmer and gardener Crawford co., Mo 1865 |Haiinali Hawkins " Sect. 5 j Wife of John A.Matlock Jlontgomery co., Mo.. 1863 ( MasuUi Louis JNorth Alton.... Sect. 8 Farmer and stock raiser Naples, Italy 1845 < ChatherineMatilda,Fisher.lDc'dJan. 11'49 i (First wife of Louis Masulli England .....' 1833 ( Mary D. Kollaburn North Alton.... Sect. 8. f Mason, John, Mrs Godfrey Sect.-23., I Mason, John, Jr iDc'd Sep. 1,'75.| (Neal, James iNorth Alton.... ISect. 33.. (Emma Dukes " " ....ISect. 33.. ( Otev, Jeremiah " " ....iSect. 28.. < Patsey Jenkins Dc'd Feb. 15,'68i j Eliiabeth HalUburlon (nee Donaldson.).. North AltOU.... ;SeCt. 28.. Pearson, John M 'Godfrey Sect. 26.. Catherine Godfrey I " Sect. 26.. " Sect, 11.. Present wife of Lvuis Masulli Madi-son co.. Ill 1828 Farming .". Utica, N. Y 1838 Late husband of Mrs. John Mason [New Hampshire 1837 Farmer and stock raiser England 1858 Wife of James Neal England 1858 Farmer and stock raiser j Virginia 1864 Fir.st wife of Jeremiah Otey Virginia 11864 Present wife of Jeremiah Otey 'Tennessee 1862 Farmer and breederof thor'bredJerseycattle.'E.ssex co., Mass 1849 . Wife of John Pearson iMadisonco., Ill 1835 ( Pierce, George G " Sect. 11 Farmer and fruit grower Reboboth, Mass il838 I Sarah Cannard " Sect. 11 1 Wife of George G.Pierce Richmond, Va '1838 ! Penning, Evert J ! " Sect, 25 l Farmer and stock raiser Hanover, Germany.... [1852 Penning, John E Dc'd Mar.l5.'79 'Father of Evert J. Penning jHanover, Germany.... 11852 Penning,Bertie(neeBruns) Dc'd Julyl3,'78 iMotberof Evert J. Penning Hanover, Germany....! 1852 Pierce, Jonathan L North Al on.... Sect. 35 jFarmer and stock raiser Rookingham co.. Me... 1 1851 ] Mary A. Wissore North Alton.... Sect. 35 IWife of Jonathan L. Pierce |Madison co.. Ill [1843 ( Robidon, Mark Godfrey Godfrey jManufr of wagons, jilows, gen'l repair shops. Canada 11861 (Jennie Grobliughoff. [ " Godfrey ^Vife of Mark Robidon [Springfield, Ohio 1861 (Squire, James I " Sect. 10 IFarmer, teacher and township supervisor Madison co.. Ill 11843 ( Mattie Braden Dee'd 1882 Late wife of James Squire Madison co., Ill 1849 (Squire, W. F Godfrey Sect, 22 [Farmer and stock raiser IMadison co., Ill 1845 I Louisa A. Peters I " Sect. 22 Wife of W. F. Squire [Madison co.. Ill 1841 (Salway, Harrv 'North Alton.... Sect. 34 'Proprietor of Canton mill 'England, 1861 Mary Denz North Alton.... Sect. 34 [Wife of Harry Salway iMadison co., Ill 'l863 ( Spaulding, D. A iAlton iSect. 28.. < Julia Carolan 'Dec'd 1863 I Sarah Ann Danforth lAlton Sect. 28, (Schneider, Julius F Melville Sect. 32. ( Thercse Kientz Melville Sect. 32. rSchwarz,Mary(neeCliford)iNorth Alton.... Sect. 35. J Sehwarz, Joseph Dc'd Julv 4,'80 Retired jRutland co., Vt.. First wife of D. A. Spaulding iNew York Present wife of D. A. Spaulding Amherst, N. H.. Farmer and stock raiser Germany Wife of Julius F. Schneider France Fruit grower Ireland Late husband of Mary Sehwarz Germany. I Sehwarz, David J North Alton.. ..Sect. 35 [Fruit grower and gas manufacturer Madison co., 111... [Mary Conners North Alton.... Sect. 35 'Wife of David J. Sehwarz 'Wheeling, W. Va 1818 1319 1838 1846 1840 1854 1852 1859 1857 1858 1858 j Ulrich, John Godfrey Sect. 3 (Farmer and stock raiser Wurtembcrg, Germ'y. I Johanna Babel [ " Sect. 3 Wife of John Ulrich Prussia f Volbracht, Ferdinand 'North Alton.... Sect. 17 'Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill 1845 < Caroline Schaub Dc'd Apr.28,'72 ;First wife of Fred Volbracht Madison co., Ill 1844 ( Minnie Buerkley iNorth Alton.... Sect. 17 'Pre.sent wife of Fred Volbracht Alton, 111 1856 ( Virden, F. W 'Godfrey Sect. 26 [Farmer and dairyman Ross co., Ohio 1877 < Margaret H. Cox Dc'd Apr. 13,'72 First wife of F. W. Virden Scioto co., Ohio ( Hattie Newberry iGodirey Sect. 26 Present wife of F. W. Virden Jersey co.. Ill 1877 ( Widaman, Rebecca (neeHiii.i[ " Sect. 25 Farming and stock raising Carroll co., Ohio 1842 ( Widaman. Daniel A Dc'd Oct. 9, '76.' 'Late husband of Rebecca Widaman Westmoreland co., Pa. 1842 (Ward, John J Godfrey 'Sect. 6 'Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.. Ill 1855 1 Sula Burley " Sect, 6 iWife of John J. Ward Jersey co., Ill [1876 I Ward, McKinley " Sect. 7 iRetired and father of John J. Ward Grayon co., Va [1836 Ward, Eliza, (nee Jones).. Dc'd Dec. 8,'69. l Mother of John J. Ward Kentucky ( Ward, McKinley, Jr. 1 Roenia McLean 1 Webster, Benjamin... Rhoda Abbott Waggoner, Wesley F. Ann E. P"urgerson .... (Walsh, John 1 Esther Mathews ( Walsh, James M (Annie Murphy (Wenzel, Carl.." 1 Louisa E.sserl I AValter, Louis I Mary J. Stevenson, ne Godfrey Sect. 2 [Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill 1857 " ■ Sect. 2 Wife of McKinley Ward, Jr Indiana 1S79 " Sect. 23 'Retired '. Rockingham co.,N.H. 1851 " .>^ect. 23 [Wife of Benjamin Webster Orange co., Vt 1851 . Sect. 14., . Sect. 14.. Sect. 16 Sect. 16 Sect. 9.. Sect. 9 Sect. 24 Sect. 24 Sect. 16 Sect. 16 Farmer and fruit grower Knox co., E. Tenn 1836 Wife of Wesley F. Waggoner Massachusetts 1838 Farmer and stock raiserT. Co. Dublin, Ireland... 1853 Wife of John Walsh Co. Meath, Ireland 1868 Farmer and stock raiser Co. Dublin, Ireland. ..1855 Wife of James M. Walsh Cheshire, England 1862 Farmer and stock raiser Kingd'm Saxony, Ger. 1854 Wife of Carl Wenzel Kingd'm Saxony, Ger. 1854 Farmer and stock raiser Prussia 1867 Wife of Louis Walter Orleans co., N. Y 1857 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 565 GODFREY.— CONTINUED. NAME. POST OFFICE. EESIDENCE. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. WHEN TOCO. (Waters, Patrick Mary Lindley Zerwas, Nicholas Godfrey Sect. 9 Godfrey Sect. 9 Godfrey Sect. 35 Farmer Ireland Wife of Patrick Waters St. Louis, Mo Blacksmith ; vol. Co. D., 4th Mo. cavalry Prussia 1857 Dc'd Feb 11 73 Switzerland Alton, 111 1Sfi8 Maggie Hubner Godfrey .'....Sect. 35 Present wife of Nicholas Zerwas 1852 ALHAMBRA. Aldrich, Harrison , iBucknell, Simeon E Marion A. Cochran Buescher, H. William.. Anna M. Wollbrinck... (Berg, William I Wilhelmina Udha j Carroll, James 1 Mary Flvnn (Carroll, thos. J ] Caroline Dzengolewski I Gehritr, Peter I ('iitherine Sin Gehris,', Adam Gelirig, Sadie Giger, Henry .Vngeliua SliaflTer Hoxsey, William , Jincy (jr. Lyon Martha M. Hoxsey \ Hoxsey, .James R j Harnsberger, Levi ( Nancy Alvira Tunnell. ( Harris, Jonathan M.... (Kachael Mills j Kaufman, (nistav (Mary Jehle ( ;\Iartin, John G 1 Martha J. Randall "I Martin, Matilda C I Martin, .^ariili J (Miller, II. William I Wilhehnina Finke (Messerlv, Gottlieb j Elizabeth riili'uer Pearcc, William W Barbara A. Vincent Pearce, Lucinda A Pearce, Martha E Pearce, William W., Jr.... Pearcc, Joseph B Pearce, Louisa J- .Suhre, Harman, Jr Mena Hanke Suhre, Edward L Snhre, .Vnna M (Schneider, Wm. P I Catherine Koch I Tabor, Heiirv H Cbaritv Olive Talmr," Sarah M I Tabor, James H ( Lewis W. Kennedy Tabor, James M..." Rachel M. Pearce I Tabor, Isabella I Tabi>r, .lohn fWharlf, H. T I ]Marv A. Carnev Wharti; Edith W , 1 Wharli; Howard E ( Wetzel, .John- j Gerdraut Tripjjle j Wood, William A. J I Mary J. Harris j Wiegand, Henry William I Mary Stumpp Alhambra jSect. 9 Farmer t. 11 [Physician Sect. 11 Wife of Dr. Simeon E. Bucknell Farmer Wife of H. W. Buesher Pro[)rietor hotel Marine Sect. 32 Sect. 32 .\lhambra.... Alhambra.... Sect. 31 Sect. 31 Sect. 32 Alhatnbra. Hiehland.... Highland.... Alhambra Marine .... Marine .... Alhambra, Marine Marine Alhambra Madison co.,Ill Pennsylvania Maine Prussia Prussia Lychen, Prussia Wife of William Berg Hanover, (Jermanv... Farmer :\Iadison co.. Ill Wife of James Carroll .Madisdu co., Ill Farmer Madison co., Ill Sect. 32 iWife of Thos. J. Carroll (Jernumy Sect. 24 Farmer and stock raiser IJavaria, Germany Sect. 24 Wife of Peter Gehrig [Bavaria, Germany Sect. 24 iSon of Peter Gehrig Aladison co.. Ill Sect. 24 'Daughter of Peter Gehrig iMadison co.. Ill Sect. 36 iFarmer and stock rai-ser IMadison co.. Ill Sect. 36 'wife of Henry Giger '.Johnson c Sect. 4 ! Farmer '. 'Madison c Sect. 4 jWife of William Hoxsey ICaldwell ( Sect. 4 iDaugliter of William Hoxsey. Sect. 4... Sect. 11.. Sect. 11.. Sect. 15.. Sect. 15.. Sect. 20.. Sect. 20.. Sect. 9. IMadison co., III. Ind III ., Ky Deceased Deceased., Alhambra, 1843 1873 1873 1878 1878 1850 1853 1841 1859 1847 1861 1858 18.58 1860 1864 I8;i4 1842 1S26 1843 ,1865 Son of William Hoxsey ;Madison co., Ill !lK62 ^ '-•••" 1831 1815 1822 1830 1844 18.58 1831 1833 18.54 1861 1858 1858 1849 1854 1815 1818 1837 1841 1842 1847 Rockingham co., Va. Tennessee Madison co., Ill Glasgow, Ky Farmer Wife of Levi Harnsberger... Farmer.. Wife of Jonathan M. Harris Farmer I Prussia Wife of Gustav Kaufman St. Louis, Mo. Farmer Kentucky, Sect. 9 1 Wife of John G. Martin. ..> iNorth Carolina Sect. 9 ! Daughter of John G. Martin Madi.'^on co.,III Sect. 9 Daughter of John G. Martin .Macoupin co., III.... Sect. 28 IFarmer Prussia Sect. 28 Wife of H. William Miller Prussia Sect. 35 iFarmer jRuegisberg, Switzl.d Sect. 35 |Wife of Gottleib Messerly Gallaen, Switzerland.. Sect. 11 Farmer and stock raiser Kentucky Sect. 11 iWife of William W. Pearce Madison co., Ill Sect. 11 'Dauchterof William W. Pearce Madison co.. Ill 'Daughter of William W. Pe.irce 'Madison co.. Ill Alhambra ISect. 11 Son of W. W. and B. A. Pearce Madison co.. Ill Sect. 11 Son of W. W. and B. A. Pearce M.adison co.,Ill Sect. 29.. Sect. 29. Sect. 29. Madison co.,Ill 18.51 Madison co., Ill 18.')6 Madison co.. Ill 1857 Madison CO.. Ill 1878 Daughter of W. W. and B. A. Peasce Farmer Wife of Harman Suhre, Jr .iSon of Mena and Harmin Surhre, Jr Sect. 29 iDaughter of Mena and Harmin Suhre, Jr.. .Madison co., Ill 1881 Marine Sect. 27 Farmer Bavaria, (iermany 18.58 Marine Sect. 27 iWife of Wm. P. Schneider Bavaria, Germany 1866 .\lhambra Sect. 11 IFarmer iTennessee 1829 Sect. 11 iWifeof Henry H. Tabor iKentucky 1828 Sect. 11 IDaughter of Henry H. and Charity Tabor...; Madison co., Ill 1860 " Sect. 11 Son of Henry II. and Charity Tabor |Madison co , III 1863 " 'Sect. 11 Cirandsou of"H. H. Taobr Madison co.. III... " 'Sect. 3 Farmer and stock raiser |Madison co.. 111... Sect. .3 Wife of James M. Tabor .Madison co.. 111... Sect. 3 Mother of .James M. Tabor; born 1799 jNorth Carolina... Deceased. ' Father of James M. Tabor; born 1797 'North Carolina... .,1878 .!l842 .'1846 .1828 .'1828 Alhambra i Alhambra I'hvsieian and surgeon Jlaine 1870 ..JAlhambra Wife of H. T. Wharff. lEngland 1865 ..lAlhambra Daughter of H. T. and Mary A. Wharflf. Madison co., Ill 1874 ..|Alhambra Son of H. T. and Mary A. Wharff. IMadison co., Ill 1878 ..Sect. 11 iFarmer and stock raiser iBavaria, Germany 11849 ..Sect. 11 Wife of John Wetzel Hes,se Cassel, Ger'y...']849 ...Sect. 29 Farmer 'Madison co.,Ill 18.56 Sect. 29 Wife of Wm. A. J. Wood Maect, 7 Farmer and stock raiser " Sect. 7 Wife of John Lcduc " Sect. .34 1 Farmer and dairyman " Sect. 34 Wife of Henry Lang " Sect. 32 Farmer and .stock raiser S,ct. 32 Wife of Frank C. Lorenz " .Soot. 32 Son of Frank C. Lorenz and teacher Grant Fork Saline IDlr. in real estate, contractor and builder " " jSaline Wife of Fridolin O.swald Hiirhland iScct. 28 Farmer and township treasurer Highland Sect. 28 .Wife of Frank Plocker Pierron Pierron Iparmer, dlr. in agr'l impl'tsife tw'ship corctr. " Pieiron Wife of August Pierron " .Sect. 24 Farmer and stock raiser Dec'd 1850 First wife of .laques Pierron Pierron Sect. 24 Present wife of Jaques Pierron Highland Sect. 1(5 Farmer and school director " Sect. 1(5 Farn)cr and son of Charles Roniger '' Sect. 16... Wife of Fred A. Roniger Pierron Sect. 22 Farmer and stock breeder " Sect. 22 Wife of David Rinderer Highland Sect. 18 iFarmer and highw.iv commissioner Sect. 18 IWife of Fred H.Sclirumpf " Sect. 28 Architect, builder, cabinetmaker and turner. " Sect. 28 AVife of Augu.st Stelzer " Sect 23 Farmer and .tuck raiser " ISect. 23 Wife of John Spi-ngol Dc'd Aug. 3.'54.| Father of Jdliii Spengel Dc'd May 28,'72 ^Mother of .Tohn Spengel Madison co.. Ill Highland, 111 I Illinois Madison co.. Ill Madison co.. Ill Madison co.. Ill Madison co.. Ill (irouau, Baden iSaxen, Prussia Canton Aargau, Swt'd. Clinton co.. Ill Madison co., Ill Madi-son co.. Ill Hancock co., Ill Canton Bern, Switz'd.. Culitna OraubendCD, Switzerland.* Ocstringen, Baden Stcttfield, Baden St. Limis, Mo Gcriiianv New York Madisim co., Ill Madison co.. Ill Loerrach, Baden Bistcrschild, Bavaria.. Oestringen, Baden Philip]isburg, Baden... Oestringen, Baden Oestringen, Baden Kuril Hessen, Ger Canton Thnraan,Swt'd Dci^t. III-et-Vilaine,Fr Westphalia, Prussia... Madison CO., Ill Switzerland , Kuhr He.s.sen,.Ger Canton Thurgau,Swt'd Madison Co., Ill Switzerland Madison co., Ill Madison co.. Ill Madison co.. Ill St. Clair CO., Ill ^. Clair CO., Ill Dept. Loraine, France. Dept. Lor.iine, France. Deot. Loraine, France. jNollingen, Baden Nollingen, Baden Rhein Pfalz, Bavaria.. Canton St.Gallon.Sw'd Canton St. (iallon,Sw'd Nassau, Germany Bavaria Reuss (lermany Madison co.. Ill Zeutercn, Baden Malsch, Baden Zeuteren, Baden Baden 1847 1852 1862 1845 1851 1860 1843 1854 1868 1872 1879 1856 1849 1873 1852 1846 1847 1840 l.s.^.6 1867 1870 13.H 18(i0 18.54 1857 11847 1864 'l847 1847 1853 1854 1853 1854 1843 11854 1853 1854 1857 1865 1852 1843 1853 l,s51 1857 1851 '18... 1852 18.50 1854 18.58 1844 1843 18(54 ihViO 1875 1859 1841 1843 1841 11841 568 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. SALINE.— CONTINTJED. Suppiger, Ad. A Pieiron Leiiher, Baer ! " Suppiger, Anton jHighland... Monika Wickcnhauser " Tontz, Jones |Grant Fork Elizabeth Hirschi Dorothea Lembach ^ Emma Kuhrt Trautner, Nicholas.... ....< Anna Aekola [Trautner, Bern'h I Tontz, Christian I Rosina M. Hirschi ; Thalmann, Nic I Thalmann, Nic Jr Utiger, Albert J Moses D. Tibbetts Siidie L. Ketcham : Voegele, Charles A [ Mary Schafer Wilihauck, George Paul... Widniann, Jacob.... Anna Bopp Dc'd Sep. 24,70 Dc'd Dec 9, 76 Grant Fork Dc'd Jul. 8, 79 Grant Fork Highland Picrron . Highland. Grant Fork. Pierron Of Suppiger & Utiger, general merchants... Pierron Wile of Ad. A. Suppiger Sect. 32 Farmer, and father of Ad. A. Suppiger Sect. 32 Wife of Anton Suppiger- Sect. 5 Farmer First wife of Jones Tontz [Second wife of Jones Tontz Sect. 5 'Present wife of Jones Tontz Sect. 5 IFarmer and stock raiser iLate wife of Nicholas Trautner Sect. 5 iRetired. Father of Nicholas Trautner Sect. Farmer and stock raiser Sect. T) iWife of Christian Tontz Sect. 35 Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 35 Son of Nic. Thalmann, Sr Pierron Of Suppiger & Utiger, general merchants.... Pierron Phvsician and surgeon Pierron. jWi'fe of Moses D. Tibbetts Sect. 26 iFarmerand stock raiser Sect. 26 iWife of Charles Voegele Saline jTeacher of St. Gertrude school ISect. 2 Farmer, highway com'r and school director iSect. 2 Wife of Jacob Widmann Madison co.,Ill Zurich, Switzerland... Canton Luzern, Swt'd Baden Ct'n Graubiinden, Szd. Canton Bern, Swtzld.. Madison CO., Ill Highland, 111 Oestringen, Baden Ct'n Graubiinden, Szd. Oestringen, Baden Ct'n Graubiinden, Szd. Canton Bern, Swtzld.. Canton Bern, Swtzld.. Alton, 111 St. Jacobs, 111 Dearborn co., Ind Madison co.. Ill Stettfeld, Baden Langenbruecken,Bdn Boston, Mass DonaueschingeUjBdn. Kaststadt 1843 1858 1831 1845 1850 1846 1859 '1841 1848 1841 1345 1850 1856 1870 1853 |1866 1858 1841 1843 1880 1856 1854 ST. JACOBS. ( Anderson, James G I Josephine Robinson Anderson, J. P f Anderson, Charles W- I Louisa J. Cox (Bradsby, William B \ Norframes, Waddell- iLydiaPyle i Becker, Jacob Annie Ablv Baer, Rudolph. Louisa Wasim ( Bartle, George W ) Martha E. Havs j Balsiger, Charles E -< Balsiger, Rudolph ( Auna Hencer f Binger, Ca.sper Henry I Mary Sanders ( Bussong, Peter I Jane Wallace J Dugger, John AV j Laura E. Mahler j Ensminger, Joshua ( Maria Chance j-Ensminger, John M lOllie Hay.s j Faires, William H I Amelia J. Putnam ( Frey, Samuel I Freilerika AVeirich I Frances Grienenfelder.... j Frey, Volentine ( Fredcrika Graf. , iFrutiger, Peter Elizabeth Mann Frey, Henry, Sr Catharine Daudemann.... Catharine Gabelmann.... f Frutiger, John \ Mary Frey I Ann Recer j Gonniger, William I Julia Metzger j Hoffman, N'cv (nee Black) 1 Hotlinan, J. J ( Hart, George I Sarah Parrett St Jacobs St. Jacobs JGrain and stock dealer " St. Jacobs |Wife of Jame5 G. Anderson " St. Jacobs IFarmer and supervisor " Sect. 26 IFarmer " Sect. 26 [Wife of Charles W. Anderson " Sect. 33 (Farmer and mechanic Dc'd Jan. 31,71 :First wife of William B. Bradsby St. Jacobs Sect. 33 iPresent wife of William B. Bradsby.... " Sect. 14 Farmer » -..Sect. 14 Wife of Jacob Becker Madison co.. Ill ,1854 " s;;ect. 14 Farmer Switzerland 1844 Sect. 14 Wife of Rudolph Baer JBavaria 18.50 Madison CO., Ill 1838 Madison co.. Ill !l852 Madison co., 111. Madison co.. 111. Madison co., 111. Madison co., 111. Ohio Perrv co., HI 1873 Madison CO., Ill 1849 1834 1849 1855 1846 1865 . St. Jacobs Farmer and mechanic. " St. Jacobs. " |St. Jacobs " St. Jacobs " St. Jacobs Sect. 17 [Sect. 17 Lebanon Sect. 28 " Sect. 28 St- Jacobs. Sect. 29 ;Sect. 29 iSect. 25 Tioga. Pa 1851 Jackson co.. Ind 1873 Amtseftigar, Switzl'd.. 1864 Muhltharneu, Switzl'd 1864 Albligen, Switzerland.:1864 Prus.sia 11849 Prussia 18.52 Germany 11870 Ireland" 11870 • Sect. 25.. .Sect. 1.5.. .Sect. 15.. .Sect. 26.. . [Sect, 26.. .[Sect. 21.. Dc'd Aug.17,'65' St. Jacobs Sect. 21 Sect, 21 Sect. 21 Sect. 2.3 Sect. 2.3 iSect. 23 Dc'dFeb.10,'79; St. Jacobs Sect. 23 " 'Sect. 33 " iSect. 23 Deceased St, Jacobs 1st. Jacobs.... St. Jacobs.... Sect. 23 Dc'd Feb. 6, '69]. St. Jacobs |Sect. 28., Sect. 28.. Wife of George W. Bartle Proprietor Hanne house Father of Charles E. Balsiger Mother of Charles E. Balsiger Farmer Wife of Casper Henry Binger Farmer Wife of Peter Bussong Farmer Madison co.. Ill 1854 Wife of John W. Dugger Madison co.,Ill 1858 Farmer [Union, West Va 11838 Wife of Joshua Ensminger jWayne co., Ky 11833 Farmer [Madison co., Ill 1845 Wife of John M. Ensminger 'jackson co., Ind [1874 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.,Ill 11832 Wife of Wm. H. Faires Wilson co., Tenn 1859 Farmer Germany 1840 iFirst wife of Samuel Frey Germany 1851 Present wife of Samuel Frey Switzerland 1845 Farmer Germany [1840 Wife of Valentine Frey Germany 1851 Farmer Germany 1842 Wife of Peter Frutiger Germany 1838 Farmer Rhein Pfalz 1840 First wife of Henn' Frev Rhein Pfalz 1847 Present wife of Henry Frey New York City 18-53 Fanner ". ." Madison co.,Ill 1848 Wife of John Frutiger jMadison co., Ill 1850 Mother of John FJUtiger Madison co.. Ill Farmer [Baden, Germany 1854 Wife of AVilliam Gonniger iBaden, Germany il844 Farming Co. Derry, Ireland 1849 Late husband of Nancv Hoffman Germany Farmer .". St. Clair co., Ill 1837 Wife of George Hart JLondon, England [1857 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 669 ST. JACOBS.— CONTINUED. Hug, Jacob Louisa Frey ; Hilt, Joseph Elizabeth Kinney.... Herseman, Mary C.(d Hersemaii, William Dc'd Mar.14,'73 Heslop, Fred. J Dec'd 1880. .St. Jacobs Sect. 27 Farmer Switzerland IS/g Sect. 27 Wife of Jacob Hug Madison cc, 111 1857 Sect. 30 Farmer St. Clair co., Ill IS.'iS Sect. 30 Wile of Joseph Hilt St. Clair co., Ill 1858 .Sect. 30 Farming M.idison co.,Ill 1848 ... First husband of Mary C. Herseman St. Clair co.,Ill |l.S(i2 ...Secondhusb'd, late divc'd.ofM.C. Herseman j England 1854 (Hart, Albert P St. Jacobs Sect. 28 Farmer Madison co., Ill 1839 -! Anna M Radcliff. Dc'd Oct.20,'78.] First wife of Andrew P. Hart [Pennsylvania 1S(.G I Faith S. Wood iSt. Jacobs Sect. 28 Present wife of Andrew P. Hart '^:^''W^ V,", '^^2 (.lochum, C. A " 'Sect. 30 Farmer jSt. Clair co., Ill 1867 \ Jochuni, John ipc'd_Mar.6,'68. iFalher of C. A. Jochum |^ew \ork....^.. 18G7 I Mary M. IJarten, (nee sicbci.), I Karges, Louis, Sr 1 Johana Kroehnert Kirri, .loseph A... Mary Meyer Kissel, Samuel Elizabeth Lutze.... Kireheis, August.. Clara Miller Laengle, Henry... Mary Florine.. I Leder, Jacob Highland 'Sect. 1.. St. Jacobs. .'..... Sect. 30 iWidow of John and mother of C. A. Jochum. St. Clair co., Ill 18{)7 ..:St. Jacobs Dealer in general merchandise Germany 18G4 ..1st. Jacobs IWife of Louis Karges, Sr Cermany 1S(!4 ..;Soct. 16 IFarmer Switzerland 1844 ..Sect. 16 IWife of Joseph A. Kirri .Madison co.. Ill 1841 ..Sect. 20 'Farmer Lycoming co.. Pa 1864 .. Sect. 20 jWife of Samuel Kissel Lebanon co., Pa 1864 ..St. Jacobs Painter St. Louis, Mo ! .. St. Jacobs Wife of August Kirchies Madison co., Ill St. Jacobs Proprietor of Laengle hotel (ierniany |1846 St. Jacobs Wife of Henry Laengle Switzerland 1840 ™ . - 11 • ^„.u 1.,.,.] iicyT Farmer . , Switzerland 1837 .... Sect. 1 Wife of Jacob Lcder I'russia (.(_ \ Farmer Madison co., III.. !!!!"". Sect! 1 ."....."".. Wife of John Leder Nashville, Tenn. f Lovins, John C St. Jacobs Sect. 19 Farmer St. Clair co III.. 1 Amelia A. Anderson Dc'd Feb. 7, '76.' jLate wife of John C. Lovins St. Louis, Mfi I Mary Gerkemaier. / Leder, John Catherine Bargetze .. 1845 .. 1S.53 .. 1863 .. 1S62 ...1861 Madison co.,lll 1849 Madison co., Ill 1852 Switzerland 1853 ^ -Miller, John E St. Jacobs jSect. 20 Farmer 1 EmmaEnsminger I " Sect. 20 IWife of John E. Miller.... f Mever, Conrad " Sect. 16 Farmer and stock rai.ser... 1 Philipena Gerke I " Sect. 16 Wife of Conrad Mever Madison co., Ill 1.H48 f Mever, Charles Highland Sect. 25 Farmer IGerniany 18)4 I Caroline Becker Hichland Sect. 25 jAVife of Charles Meyer Madison co., 1 1841 I .Miller, J. G St.^ Jacobs Sect. 20 JFarmer 'Madison co.. Ill 1847 1 Anna Schmidt " Sect. 20 Wife of J. G. Miller Madison co., Ill 18o2 (McAlillv, Wm.C Hidiland Sect. 1 Farmer Madison co.. Ill 1819 1 Catherine Wren Highland Sect. 1 Wife of William McAlilly Edwardsville, III 1842 (Noll, Frederick St. Jacobs Sect. 23 Farmer Khein Pfalz 1867 -^Elizibcth Schmitt Dc'dMavl3,'79. First wife of Fred Noll St. Clairco.. Ill I.s47 I Henriette Schmitt St. Jacobs jScct. 23 Present wife of Fred Noll Madison co., Ill jl!-32 fPvle, Abner i " Sect. 26 Farmer Christian co., Ky 11847 - iiarv Hogiie Dec'd 1849 1 First wife of Abner Pyle A"—;: "•;••; I NeonaBradsbv,(neeFarris);St. Jacobs Sect. 26 'Present wife of Abner Pyle North Carobna 11827 f Parkinson, A". J Highland Sect. 12 Farmer \\ hite co., Tenn 1818 I Marv E. Baldwin Highland Sect. 12 Wife of J. A.Parkinson I)ela^yare co., N. \ 1838 ( Pahinever, Ernst St. Jacobs St. Jacobs Pro])rietor of Rail Road Hotel Prussia 1852 \ Anna Maria Schien Dc'd Apr. 10,'65 First wife of Ernst Pahmeyer (Jerfflany-. 18o6 I Barbara Lucm St. Jacobs St. Jacobs Present wife of Ernst Pahmeyer Switzerland 1864 ( Peeler. .Tosci)h , 1 Dora Glanzner j Peterson, Edward N... ( Martraret Sohler j Hitter. Henry I :\rarL'aret .Schmitt ( Schicle, Louis 1 Rosa Speckart (Spies, Charles I Emma Blanke Schmitt, John, Sr ••••I St. Jacobs Miller Champaign, France... 18.56 .St. Jacobs Wife of Joseph Peeler Hesse Darmstadt, Ger. 1860 .St. Jacobs Lumber dealer Rockland co., N. Y.... 1.S66 . St. Jacobs Wife of Edward N. Peterson New Orleans 1852 . Sect. 15 Farmer Germany 1344 . Sect. 15 Wife of Henry Ritter St. Clair co., Ill 1847 .St. Jacobs Butcher and stock dealer Madison co., Ill 1852 . St. Jacobs Wife of Louis Schiele Miidison co.. Ill ' .St. Jacobs Druggist Madison co., Ill 1850 . St. Jacobs Wile of Charles Spies | , „ , Sect. 21 Farmer Germany 1847 ■' Catherine Schaefer Dc'd Oct. 28,'53.' First wife of John Schmitt, Sr Germany 1847 I Cissilia Roos St. Jacobs Sect. 21 Present wife of John Schmitt, Sr (Jcrniany 1840 (Smith, .lames A Lebanon iSect. 31 Farmer Halifax, Va 1827 I Catherine Vanhooser Dc'd July 24,'74l Late wife of James A. Smith Madison co.. Ill 1820 j Searcy, George W St. Jacobs ISt. Jacobs General merchandise and farmer Madison co., Ill 1834 I M.arv'A. Taylor 1 " St. Jacobs Wife of George AV. Searcy Madison co.. Ill 1834 (Schneider, John ] " St. Jacobs Tinner & patentee independent dinner bucket Madison co., Ill 1847 j Mary Laternser I " St. Jacobs Wife of John Schneider ;Wabash co., Ind ' f Tow'nsend. Edmund Lebanon Sect. 31 iFarmer St. Clair co.. Ill 1851 I JaneHiggins Lebanon Sect. 31 Wife of Edmund D. Townsend St. Clair co.. Ill 1851 fTincher, .Tohn H St. Jacobs St. Jacobs Contractor of mail line Madison co.. Ill 1849 1 Margaret Anderson ' " St. Jacobs AVife of John H. Tincher I ondon, England 18.)6 ( Turner, Richard P I " St. Jacobs iMerchant London, England 1851 t Melissa E. Goteh " St. Jacobs AVife of Richard P.Turner jMadison co.,Ill 1858 670 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ST. JACOBS-CONTINUED. (Virgin, Jefferson \ Harriet Axley I Annie M. Lindlv f Williams, W. D \ Ellen V. Hays ( Mary J. Smith Wasem, Louis ( Wopd, H. T 1 Marv J. Harnsberger.. f Willi, Jacob \ MagJaline Hilbv POST OFFICE. OCCUPATION. St. Jacobs Sect. 29 Farmer Dec'd , '44.1 First wife of Jefferson Virgin St. Jacobs Sect. 29 Present wife of Jefferson Virgin.. St. Jacobs 'Sect. 30 Merchant and farmer Dc'd Feb.l7,'73j iFirst wife of W. D. Williams St. Jacobs [Sect. 30 [Present wife of W. D. Williams.. " St. Jacobs " St. Jacobs iDruggist St. Jacobs IWife of H. T. Wood " Sect. 9 Farmer Sect. 9 IWife of Jacob Willi St. Clair co.. Jlonroe co., Madison co. Fayette CO., Madison co. Madison co. Madison co., Madison co., Switzerland Switzerland 1847 1823 1835 1838 1829 1847 1850 1849 1849 OMPH-GHENT. Bormann, C. F. W Mary A. Floyd Baumgaertner, Henry Julie Bowles (nee Bond)... Beard, Samuel Mary K. Slipsie Blumer, Louis Blumer, L. C Louisa Kohlenberg ;Dc'd Sep. 9, '75 Worden IWorden. " iWorden. Worden . Worden . Worden . Worden . Sect. 20.. Sect. 20.. f Bond, William. 1 Ester M. Wyatt ( Baumgaertner, John \ Catharine Kauffmann I Baumgaertner, Charles... i Dorr, Henrv C I Mary F. Be'lk I Dornseif, Jacob J Maria Opel I Dornseif. Catharine, (nee Schneider) I Dornseif, Jacob William. ( Dorr, Henry., Worden ISect. 13.. ...ISect. 13.. ...ISect. 24.. ...'Sect. 24.. ...■Sect. 24.. ... Worden. ... Worden. ...Worden. AVorden. Dc'd Oct. 8, '81 W^orden . Omph-Ghent... Worden. Sect. 31.. I Sophia Sutter I Dc'd Aug. 8, '54 Worden . Prairie Town. Worden . Prairie Town. Worden. Dc'dAug.21,'76; Worden ' W^orden " IWorden " Worden Sect. 31 Emrich, Philipp I Louisa Wolf I Filers, Christian j Anna Hagmann I Floyd, Joseph , j Rebecca Ward jGuesewelle, Henry ( Sophia Batterman J Grant, Thomas I Nancy Judy I Herschhauser, Fritz I Caroline Mertz "I Herchhauser, Henry.... I Catharine Bender ( Hubert, August I Henrietta Knappmeyer Hoeh, Adam Omph-Ghent I Sopha Stahlhut "^ "^ '\ Hoeh, Henrv J [Hoeh, Ernst W I " Huseman, Henry Prairie Town f Kavser, Albert E 1 " 1 Johanna F. S. Meyer | " " JLueker, Hardwig H IWorden I Caroline W. Bormann f Lueker, Henry W \ Marg't C. L. Vahrenkamp f Lueker, Henry W I Marv Pieper (McDonald, J. H I Virginia J. L. Rust 1 McDonnell, James Marv A. Murphy McDonnell, Edward Ida Smith j McDonnell, John 1 Hellena Richardson I Picker H.C 1 Catherine Dornseif W^orden Worden Sect. 18 Sect. 18 Worden Worden Sect. 28 Sect. 28 Sect. 13 Sect. 13 Worden Worden Constable and grain dealer !St. Louis, Mo !l866 Wife of C. F. W. Bormann |Madison co., Ill 1854 Farmer and stock raiser jSt. Louis, Mo |1855 W^ife of Henry Baumgaertner 'Madison co.. Ill 11859 ^liner LTdt>rook, Glostershire, Eng 1878 Wife of Samuel Beard .Westphalia, Prussia... 1857 Farmer and stock raiser iMadison co.,Ill [1853 Father of Louis Blumer IMadison co.. Ill 1848 Late wife of L. C. Beard [Brunswick, Ger [1848 Farmer and Auctioneer Madison co.. Ill 1829 Wife of William Bond Macoupin co., Ill 1851 Farmer and Barber jBellheim, Bavaria, Gr. 1856 Wife of John Baumgaertner jLingenfeld, Bav., Ger. 1856 Son of John and Catharine Baumgaertner... Madison co.. Ill 18.57 Physician and surgeon St. Louis, Mo 1856 Wife of Henry R. Dorr Madison co.. Ill '"'■"'' Shoemaker and farmer jHesse Darmstadt Wife of J.acob Dornseif Bavaria, Germany.... Mother of Jacob Dorn.seif [Berleburg, Prussia.... Eng. Worden Mining Co., son of J. Dornseif St. Louis, Mo Farmer and supervisor [Kurhessen, Germany First wife of Henry Dorr iDortmund, Prussia... Bakerv and saloon IMackenbach, Bavaria. Wife of Philipp Emrich !Drohsen,Br'nsw'k,Gr. 1867 Carpenter and farmer lOldenburg, Germany.. 1868 - — ■ ■ "■' Oldenburg, Gremany.. 1 1869 Montgoraerv co., N. C.il834 Benton co.,'Tenn 1852 f Hagenburg, Schae- 1857 i unberg, Lippe, Ger.. 1856 1856 1861 1861 1861 1861 1856 1874 Wife of Christian Filers Stock trader, township supervisor.. Wife of Joseph Floyd Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Henry Guesewelle ^ .. Farmer and stock raiser iSpartenburgdist, S.C. 1851 Wife of Thomas Grant Madison co.. Ill 1809 Pittsburgh, Pa 1876 St. Louis CO., Mo 1879 Hesse Darmstadt, Gr.. 1876 Hesse Darmstadt, Gr.. 1876 Meinersen,Han'ver,G. 1877 Westphalia, Prussia... 1877 Rhein Bavaria, Ger... 1842 Stock dealer and butcher Wife of Fritz Herschhauser Father of Fritz Herschhauser Widow of Henry Herschhauser Carpenter and architect Wife of August Hubert Farmer and stock raiser.. ..iSect. 31. ..:Sect. 31. ..Sect. 17. Sect. 31 !Wifeof Adam Hoeh techaumb'g, Lippe, Gr. 1847 Son of Adam and Sopha Hoeh Madison co.. Ill 1850 Son of Adam and Sopha Hoeh Madison co.. Ill 1853 Farmer St. Louis, Mo 1866 Sect. 16 iFarmer, stock raiser, and school director St. Cliarles co.. Mo.... 1857 ...ISect. 16 Wife of Alhci-t E. Kavser Madison co.. Ill 1849 ...I'Wordcn JFarmer, supt.i^ stockholder Worden Min'gCo Westphalia, Prussia... 1857 ...'Worden IWife of Hardwig H. Lueker St. L(mis, Mo .....1867 ...'Worden 'Farmer, proprietor private boarding house.. .|Westphalia, Prussia... 1878 ... Worden AVife of Henry W. Lueker iWestphalia, Prussia...l881 ... Sect. 34 iFarmer and st<)ck.raiser f Luebbecke, West-|1871 ...Sect. 33 jWifeof Henry W. Lueker | plialia, Prussia | Worden 'physician audsurgeon. General manager McDonald Coal Co lAberdceU, Scotland... ... Worden... ...'.!. .IWife of J. H. McDonald jLoudon co., Va ... Worden General merchant and farmer JMadison co.,Ill Worden IWiiC of James McDonnell Co. Tipperary, Ireland Dc'd Mr. ll,'79j IPather of James McDonnell Co. Tyrone, Ireland... Dec'd ,'54. JMother of James McDonnell Virginia Prairie Town. ..IPrairie Town... 'General merchant Madison co., Ill " " ... Prairie Town... AVife of John McDonnell England Worden Worden General merchant Westphalia, Prussia... .. Worden Wife of H. C. Picker St. L^uis.Mo 1879 1870 1851 1868 1836 1852 1858 1863 1862 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 571 OMPH-GHENT.-poNTi.NUED. POST OFFICE. RESIDESCE. f Peters, Frank 1 Johanna Hoffman , (Paul, Philip H 1 Minnie Bierbauni j Piper, William J ( Susan A. McManus ( Roffmann, W. W \ Catherine E. Meyer I Schmidt, John Philomina J. Schacl'er.. Schmidt, George Susan Spengcl Caroline Weinthaler.... Worden, John C Virginia W. Weaver... 'Wildi, Rudolph Augusta Vogelsang Worden, John C Mathias Bowles ! Luella Bond .iWorden . OCCUPATION. !Dc'd May 10/73 Dc'dFeb.— ,'52 St. Louis, Mo... Worden [Dc'dSep.l2,'81. Worden Worden Worden . Worden . Sect, l-l Farmer, stock raiser and Mexican veteran... wohicnberg. Banorcr. Gcrni«i,y... Sect. 14 Wife of Frank Peters Hildei^hcira, Hanover. Worden 'Dealer in drugs, stationerv and jewelrv Madison co., Ill Worden Wife of Philip H. Paul.. I ." Madison co.. Ill Sect. 24 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill Sect. 24 Wife of William J. Piper Madison co.. Ill Sect. .So Farmer and stock rai.ser Kemme, Hanover, Or. Sect. 35 iWifeof W. W. Botfmann Madison co., Ill Worden Schmidt hotel Highland, 111 Worden ,... Wife of John Schmidt Highland, 111 IFather of John Schmidt Alsace, France 'First wife of George Schmidt Highland St. Louis, Mo... Widow of George Schmidt Baden, Germany Worden Police magistrate Presion. uncasiiire. Eng ' Late wife of John C. Worden Virginia Worden Hardware and tinware Canton Aargan, Swt'd. WorJen Wife of Rudolph Wildi Madison co., Ill Director of school district Xo. 7 | Worden Farmer and .stock rai.scr Madison co., Ill IWorden ;Wife of Mathias Bowles JMadison co., Ill 1851 1851 1854 1858 1819 1836 1854 1851 1852 1855 1845 1853 1854 1867 1872 1801 1847 1851 CITY OF HIGHLAND AND HELVETIA. Adelmann, Theo Ammann, Joseph C Boeschenstein, Charles.. Briner, J. J Boeschenstein, Charles.. Boeschenstein, Edward... Chiprou, Charles P Dumbeck, Johann G Felder, Abraham Feutz, Edward Gruaz, Timothy Guggenbuehler, John.... Grossenbacher, Jacob Grantzow, Louis ; Gisler, Peter Eliza Manck Huegy, Maurice Hoeruer, John S Herman, Henry ' Halter, Louisa (owsuppijer) Halter, Dr. Robert [Halter, Emma Kuhner, Charles F Kraeuchi, John Leutwiler, Samuel, Jr.... LambeLt, Charles Meckel, ,1 Mueller, Henry Miller, Adolpii Maechtlen, C. L Miiller, Anton Mojonier, A Osthoff, Albert Richardson, T. J Riniker, H Roth, George Rutz. G Rvhiner, F. C Schott, ilartin J Suppiger, Charles B Schuele, John Suppiger, Fred B Stoecklin, Arnold Suppiger, David Spindler, J. J Seybt, CH Tschudy, Arnold Wildi, John, Jr AVirz, Arnold Zimmerman, Jacob Highland . Dc'd Hi. 1852 Oct. 4, jhland Superintendent of public school Bavaria, Germany " Merchant ' " Justice of the peace and notary public Switzerland " iBoot and shoe store Switzerland " Publisher and editor of Herald [Highland, 111 " General express deliverer ISwitzerland " I Farm machinery iFrance " Prop'r of brick "yard and Badischen Hof.....|Weisloch, Baden " Physician and surgeon iSt. Galleon, Swttzerl'd " Sewing machines IHighland " Notary |)ublic and general agency Lyons, France " lintel proprietor and ice dealer Highland " 'jliller Switzerland " jClothing, hats and caps Germany 1864 " IProprietor of Railroad hotel Haslach, Baden 1864 " iWife of Peter Gisler Bavaria 1864 " Banker Highland 1840 " Publisher of Highland Union Germany |1856 " Merchant miller Switzerland 1845 " Retired Canton Luzerne,Sw'd. 1846 1849 1852 1862 1852 1848 1851 I860 1855 1849 1857 1851 1858 1865 1845 1854 1849 1866 1869 Late husband of Mrs. Louisa Halter Canton Zurich, Swt'd. Highland Highland Teacher of vocal and instrumental music Highland, III Hardware, farm implements and seed Highland Soda factory Highland Distiller Highland Soda factorv Switzerland Catholic Priest West|ilialia Bakery and saloon Switzerland 1868 Apothecary and stationery Germany 1869 Photographer Germany 1870 Retired , Switzerland 1844 Proprietor of Highlaod P.leTttor, dealer In grain, reed and coal iC'antOn VaUtl, Swt'd... 1850 Hotel proprietor Rhein Pfalz 1866 Attorney-at-law and editor [Near Highland 1842 Brick maker Switzerlan d 1863 Dealer in farm machinery and hardware (Jermany 1846 Phvsician and surgeon Switzerland 1845 Of"T. Rvhiner & Co., bankers Highland 1846 Brewer (iermany 1856 Saddlerv and harness maker Highland 1852 Retired". (iermany 1847 Lumber dealer j Highland 1852 Saddle and harness maker Switzerland 1845 Merchant miller 'Switzerland 1834 Merchant Switzerland 1849 Merchant miller Ctermany i Butcher Switzerland [1861 Merchant Switzerland 1872 Cigar manufactvirer Switzerland 1872 H<3tel Zimmerman Germany 1853 572 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CHOUTEAU. f Allen, John J ( Lavina M. Skcen I Atkins, Amos ( Aria Anna Job I Buenger, Henry 1 Maria Prom iDunn, Michael Mary Ball Dunn, Katie Dunnagan, Levi S Julia E. Edwards "! v?arah M. Dunnagan \ Elizabeth Dunnagan Eniert, Hannah Euiert, Wni Emert, Dora L. B Farmer, Marion Farmer, Eliza B Feisler, Louis Elizabeth Sanders Forstiburg, Charles E... Caroline L. Dietz Forstiburg, Annie M Gillham, Wilson W Gillhani, Samuel P Ollethe AVilson Gillham, J. B Hattie Siekels Hughes, Wm. A Sarah Fahnestock Harshaw, Wm Maria Atkins Harshaw, Amos Harshaw, John E Harshaw, Mary Edith... Harshaw, Joseph W j Krueger, Robert ( Anna Hinze Kaenders, Peter IKunnemann, Wm Minna Wezel Krauskopf, Theodore..., Tranv Stinismire f :\I(Cny, .laiiirs D I Framis ,i. Slowell JMrD'.iiiirll, Miss Mary, I !Mrl)oniicll, .lames Jloiire, Afarijuis D (Marsh, Wm. W I Hester Ann Tavlor Marsh, John A. (Mabee, Annie \ Mabee, Fred C ( James Cahill Oldenburg, Henry W... f Rapp, Joseph I Cordelia Bonnett Rapp, John H Alevia M. Rapp Rammer, Julius Sophia Kahle Rankins, George Minerva Moore Recor, John Ada J. Job Reinamann, Henry Christina Kehler Rosebury, R. A .,.. Nora M. Johnson Smalley, David E Daisy E. Bennett Squire, Henrv C Ethel K. Barnett Squire, Nora I POST OFFICE. Long Lake., EESIDENCE OCCUPATION. Venice , Edwardsvil Alton Deceased.... Alton Long Lake. Sect, Sect, Sect, Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect, Sect. Sect. Sect, Sect. Sect, Sect. Sect. 26 iFarmer and stock raiser Illinois 1858 26 1 Wife of John J. Allen Illinois '1862 4 iFarmer and supervisor jMadLson co.. Ill 11821 4 IWife of Amos Atkins Madison co.. Ill '1836 36, (4-10)..[Farmer |Hanover 1867 36, (4-10).. Wife of Henry Buenger iGermany 1856 36, (4-10 36, (4-10).. 36, (4-10).. 12 12 12 12 10 Alton . Edwardsville.. Deceased Deceased Long Lake Long Lake Alton Alton Long Lake Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Venice Venice Long Lake. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Deceased, 1856, Long Lake Venice Farmer jCo. Wicklow, Ireland. 1856 Wife of Michael Dunn Co. Mayo, Ireland J1853 Daughter of Michael and Mary Dunn IMadison co.. Ill 1871 Farmer IMadison co.. Ill 1864 Wife of Levi S. Dunnagan IScott co.. Ill 1868 Mother of Levi S. Dunnagan Madison co.. Ill 1813 Sister of Sarah M. Dunnagan IMadison co.. Ill 1809 Farmer and stock rai.ser , IGermany 11842 Late husband of Hannah Emert Madison co., Ill 1843 Daughter of Wm. and Hannah Emert IMadison co., Ill J1871 Farmer iKentuckv 1852 1862 1846 1845 1870 1857 1881 1857 1809 1856 6, (4-10). Wife of Marion Farmer jBrunswick co., Va., Farmer 'Germany Wife of Louis Feisler jHancock co., Ind... Farmer Sweden Wife of C. E. Forstiburg JAlton Daughter of C. E. and Caroline Forstiburg.. Madison co., III. Farmer Father of WMlson W. Gillham Mother of Wilson W. Gillham Farmer Wife of J. B. Gillham Farmer Wife of William A. Hughes General merchant and saloon Wife of Wm. Harshaw Eldest son of Wm. and Maria Harshaw... Second .son of Wm. and Maria Harshaw... Daughter of W'm. and Maria Harshaw Son of Wm. and Maria H.arshaw Merchandising and saloon Wife of Robert Krueger Catholic Priest Farmer and .stock raiser AVife of William Kunneman Farmer Wife of Theodore Krauskopf. Railroad and Telegraph operator Wife of .Tames D. McCoy Resides with Mrs. Dunn, farming !St. Louis, Mo Father of Miss Marv McDonnell [Ireland Long Lake., Venice Venice Long Lake., Edw.ardsville.. Kdwardsville.. Long L.ake Alton., Alton. Alton. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. 'Sect. Sect. 'Sect. 'Sect. 27 16 16 16 25, (4-10)., 25 25 16 34 34 33 33 36, (4-10).. 86, (4-10) 20 20 21 21 33 33 1 1 33 33 4 4 4 Germany Hanover, Ger'y. Hanover, Ger'y. Germany Prussia Steuben CO., N. Y 11881 Branch co., Mich '1881 - - ' -^ ..'1858 ..18.56 Farmer and stock raiser 'New Orleans 1863 Engineer on river jPennsylvania jl858 Madison co., Ill Madison co.. Ill Pike CO., Ohio.. Madison CO., Ill 1841 Indiana... |1875 Adams CO., Ill 11855 Pennsylvania 1 852 Co. Armaugh, Irerd...'1859 Madison CO., Ill |1848 Madison CO., Ill '1870 Madison co., Ill il871 Madison CO., Ill 11873 Madison CO., Ill 11876 Hanover 11869 Hanover I860 1873 1855 1855 1866 1834 Ohio 11858 .Tacksonville, 111 '1877 Ireland 1859 Illinois ! 855 Madison co.. Ill 1864 Wife of William W. Marsh Engineer on river Wife of FredC. Mabee Farmer and hu.sband of Annie Mabee, Son of Thonuas Cahill Merchant and farmer Hanover, Ger Farmer 'Madison co.. Ill Wife of Joseph Rapp jJackson co., W^. Va Farmer '.Jefferson co.. Ill iWife of John H. Rapp IJeiferson co.. Mo Farmer Germany AVife of Julius Rammer (Germany Farmer ;.Iefferson co.. Mo A\''ife of George Rankin Christian co.. Mo... Farmer [Canada AVife of John Recor 'Madison co Proprietor of hotel and saloon [Germany Wife of Henry Reinamann. Farmer AVife of R. A. Rosebury Homeopathic phvsician AVife of David E. Smalley Farmer and fruit grower Wife of Henrv C. Squire Daughter of Henry C. and Ethel Squire., 1865 1853 1868 1858 1865 1873 1873 1865 1865 1854 1849 1878 (xermany 11878 Madison CO., Ill !l852 Madison CO., Ill 11856 Illinois :1846 Ohio '1854 Madison co.. Ill '1842 Madison CO., Ill '1853 Madison co.. Ill l^'^B HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 673 CHOUTEAU.-CONTINDED. J Segar, Joh7i W I Josephine Atkins ( Stein, Ernst \ Sophia Wagner j Stein, Annie ( Segar, William A I Segar, Henry A j Schillinger, John I Catharine ElizabethZibold I Mary Ann Zibold \ Regula Boiler f Souhtig, John •! Aria Ann Marcuin ( Sachtig, John L. F I St. Clair, Alex \ St. Clair, M. A. (n» Hugh.,)... ( Jessie Hughes I Southard, William 1 Sarah L. Stannard I Southard, Lemuel I Martha T. (Jillhara t S'luthard, Emma M Trudell, Frank \ M;irv A. Mdfuire JTrudell, Emily P J Valterott, Honrv I Diminika Yohl". i Week^, Benjamin W \ Clara Luttr'ell I Weeks, B. W POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. Long Lake Sect. " 'Sect. " " Sect. " " Sect. " " Sect. " Sect. " " Sect. " " Sect. Deceased Deceased Long Lake Sect. " Sect. " " IScct. " Sect. Edwardsville... Sect. " ...Sect. " ...'Sect. " ...Sect. ...Sect. " ...Sect. " ... Sect. " ... Sect. Long Lake Sect. " Sect. " " Sect. " " Sect. " " Sect. Edwardsville... Sect. ...jSect. " ...Sect. OCCUPATION. Farmer Wife of John W. Segar Farmer Wife of Ernst Stein Daughter of Ernst and Sophia Stein... F'armer Farmer Madison co.. 111.... Farmer Wurtcmburg, (ier Madison co., Ill 1844 Madison co.. Ill 1846 Hanover 1859 Hanover 18()3 Madison co.. Ill 1S80 .MadLson co., Ill 1858 18(50 1855 ,|Wifeof John Schillinger Baden .'. 1856 JWifeof John S.-hillingcr liaden |1864 ,'Present wife of John Schillinger Switzerland 1868 .IFarmer and constable IMadison co.. Ill 1853 Madison co., Ill 1857 Madison co.. Ill ]1881 Tenne.«see 1828 Scott CO., Ill 11863 Wife of John Sochtig Son of John and Aria Sochtig Farmer Wife of Alex St. Clair Daughter of Margaret A. & Sam'lT. Hughes Madison co.. Ill Il867 Farmer McCracken co., Ky....;1865 Wife of William Southard (iermany 1865 Farmer ; Virginia 1841 Wife of Lemuel Southard Madi.- Mary Anderson ( Hester Keown J Vovles, Robert Y 1 A. "J. Colson Worden.. Worden.. Dec'd .... Dec'd .... Staunton , Sect. Sect. Dec'd Oct. 1867 Staunton Sect. Sect. Worden . Worden . .'Sect. ■ Sect. .Sect. .iSect. .iSect. .Sect. .Sect. .Sect. .'Sect. . Sect. 12. Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill Wife of John F. Hoxsey iTippecanoe co., lud... Father of John F. Hoxsey |Virginia Mother of J. F. and wife of John Hoxsey. ..|Madison co., Ky Farmer and stock raiser Butler co., Ky Wife of William H. Keown Muskingum co., Ohio.. Father of William H. Keown iSouth Carolina Farmer and stock raiser Sumner co., Tenn 12 Wife of Elijah Lane IPiekaway co., Ohio... Staunton Dc'd Dec.30,'66 De'd July, 1875 Staunton : Staunton 21 21 21 21 21 27 27 34 34 26 Sect. Sect. Farmer and stock raiser 'Tioga co., N. Y, Wife of Andrew Lovejoy Chemung co., N. Y.... Son of Andrew Lovejoy Tioga co., N. Y^ Son of Mrs. Lovejoy Chemung co., N. Y... Son of Mrs. Lovejoy Tioga co., N. Y Farmer and stock raiser Trigg co., Ky Wife of JoelH. Olive iMuskingum co., Ohio. Farmer Madison co.. Ill Wife of Larkin A. Pearce Montgomery co.. 111... Farmer and stock raiser iNash co., N. C First wife of Lewis Ricks Stewart co.,Tenn Second wife of Lewis Ricks Georgia Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill Wife of Robert Y. Voyles Madison co.,Ill 1832 1849 1817 1819 1824 1836 1824 1852 1852 1864 1864 1864 1864 1864 1828 1836 1859 1865 1833 1833 1829 1831 1837 NAMEOKI. Emmert, William T Hammacher, Gustav Louisa Helhveg Hammacher Gustav, Jr... Hammacher, AmeliaLouisa Hillmer, W Carolina Scherer Heinemann, Balthaser Catherine Rosensteugel... Irish, Tyler J Lucinda Elliott Moellenbrock, Theodore.. Margaret Zitzmann Moellenbrock, John Moellenbrock, Maggie Ruwisch, August Ruwisch, Wilhelmine Ruwisch, August F.' Stallings, Thomas Rosanna Emert Voriihnlil, Casper Catherine Buekwinkle.?... Whalioir. Elizabeth A Deniiisov llarco AVhnling, William Harrison Bnreo Dem])sev Barco Peter Barco Zimmerman, Henry P vSophia Lueders Zimmerman, Henry A Zimmerman, William 916 Lebaume st. Nameoki St. Louis, Mo... Sect. 9 Sect. 9 Venice Sect. 9 Sect. 9 Sect. 16 Sect. 16 11 Sect. 15 11 Sect. 15 Nameoki Sect, 8 Sect. 8 Sect. 15 Sect. 15 11 Sect. 15 11 Sect. 15 11 Sect. 17 11 Sect. 17 11 Sect. 17 „ Sect. 11 Sect. 11 Sect. 17 Nameoki Sect. 17 Sect, 15 Sect. 15 . Sect. 15 Sect. 15 Nameoki Nameoki Sect. 8 Sect. 8 Sect. 8 Nameoki Sect. 8 Stock dealer Farmer....; Wife of Gustav Hammacher ! Son of Gustav and Amelia L. Hammacher.. Daughterof ( lustav t^ Amelia L. Hammacher Farmer and proprietor of .saloon Wile of W. Hillmer Farmer Wife of Balthaser Heinemann Physician Wife of Tyler J. Irish i Farmer AVife of Theodore Moellenbrock Son of Theodore and Maggie Moellenbrock..! Daughter of Theo. and Maggie Moellenbrock Farmer Wife of August Ruwisch Son of August and Wilhelmine Ruwisch Farmer Mother of Thomas Stallings Farmer Wife of Casper Vornhold Farming First husband of Elizabeth Whaling Second husband of Elizabeth Whaling Farmer, son of Eliz'bth and Dcmpsey Barco. Farmer, son of Eliz'bth and Dempsey Barco. Farmer, son of Eliz'bth and Dempsey Barco. Farmer Wife of Henry P. Zimmerman Son of Henry P. and Sophia Zimmerman Son of Henry P. and Sophia Zimmerman Madison co., Ill Germany Germany.... Missouri Missouri Hanover, Ger Prussia, Ger Germany Germany New York Jersey co., Ill Germany St. Clair CO., Ill Missouri Madison co., Ill Hanover, Ger Hanover, Ger Madison co.. Ill Madison CO., Ill Viiginia Hanover, Ger Prussia, Ger'. Madison co.. Ill Bradford CO., Tenn. JIadison co.. Ill ^Madison CO., Ill Madison co.. Ill Madison co.. Ill Pennsylvania Hanover, Ger Madison co., HI Madison co., Ill 1854 1854 1854 1872 1880 1865 1879 1856 1860 1848 1830 1858 1876 1879 1881 1848 1854 1862 1842 1809 1847 1851 1831 1828 1828 1856 1857 1861 1874 1853 1879 1881 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 575 CITY OF MARINE. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE, Adier, Charles Marine. f Apffel, William jCresseiica Schmid i Bernard, Louis F Bertha lr>chniidt Blanko, F. G Christian Bakenhiede jDc'dNov.29,'60 Christine E. Ortgies Marine J Blanke, William " ( Gertrude S. Bcrnbrock " J Deibert, John " t Elizabeth Kolb " f Eaton, E. M " I Elizaln-th Smith " I Elbrim:. Otto A " \ Eibriiiir. lli'rmann Baltimore ( Martraret Vondoersteu Dec'dMar.2,'78 ( Eaves, William Marine. \ Elizabeth Kuykendall Dee'd , '68 I Martha Pearee Marine Elbring, H. H " Anialia Publy " Fiseher, Peter " Elizabeth Wermeling " ' Gehrs, Henry " Fredrieka Kieutzberg " Giesemann, Henry " Miena Eickmann " Hover, H. A " I Annie R. Maud-sley I Hettel, John Matliias.. I .losephhie Redlicb, (aee Wenzell).., jHoppe, Henry I T^ciiiL Znrkuhlen j H.iiiri.h, Charles 1 Elizabeth Hoeiung j .ludd, Albert H ( Elizalieth Ann Smith Judd, Henry L \ Dr. Peter Fisher j H. H. Elbring Kireheis, John R Elise Keller Mebolt, F Marv Clunii 'i> McCiinnis, W. H Annie AVells j Neudccker, John | ( Catharine Weisenbacher... Parker, Peter G fStoeekli, F I Elizabeth Liedel j Wiedman, P. S I Hirrict J. Breath !n« Jeleres.) j Wentz, Frieilerich { Wilhelmina Wittmer OCCCPATIOS. WHEN CAMB TO CO. Marine Blacksmith, wagon maker, dlr. in farm impl'ts Germany Barber Germany 18.56 Wife of William Apft'el Germany 18.}2 Dealer in general merchandise St. Louis, Mo 1.^58 Wife of Louis F. Bernard Ma- Giesemann Germany Wason & carriage mnfr., also bridge builderGermany 1844 I Wife of H. A. Hoyer IManchester, England.l..^.. I Dealer in stoves, hardware. HanufaclT of copper i sheet Iron "are. BadcU, Germany 18.55 !!!...IWife of John Mathias Hettel IBavaria, Germany l^i,')5 General merchandise Germany 1><7(; Wife of Henry Hoppe St. Louis, Mo 1.S.54 Constable and street commissioner Germany 1860 Wife of Charles W. Heinrich Lanea.ster co., Pa Gr.iin speculator Marine, 111 1842 Wife of Albert H. Judd London, England 1864 f For school district No. 2, Marine ■! For school district No. 2, Marine : ( For school district No. 2, Marine ' ; House and sign painter Germany 1875 Wife of John R. Kirchies (rermany 1S75 Carpenter and builder Germany 1,S.5(! Wife of F. Mebolt Madison co.. Ill 1.S.52 Minister of the gospel, Christian church Pike co., Mo 1881 Wife of W. H. McGinnis Schuyler co.. Ill 1881 Retired miller Germany 1853 Wife of John Neudecker France 1853 Druggist and jeweler Madison co.. Ill 18.55 Proprietor Franklin saloon (xerniany 1877 Wife of F. Stoeekli Mudison co., 111......... 18.56 Physician and surgeon Schoharie Co., X. Y... 1857 Wife of P. S. Wiedman Virginia Dealer in hardware, farm implements, etc... Rhein, Bavaria 1849 (Wife of Friederich Wentz Rhcin, Bavaria 1854 MARINE TOWNSHIP. (Accola, George Marine Sect. 9 Farmer Switzerland 1 Anna M. Hurlemann " 'Sect. 9 Wife of George Accola t-witzer and (Accola, Casper " |Sect. 9 Farmer !-witzerland (Catharine Hurlemann " Sect. 9 Wife of Casper Accola ^-witzer and j Brunner, Rudolph " Sect. 12 Farmer i^vvitzer an. I Miry Bircher " Sect. 12 Wife of Rudolph Brunner Switzerland f Bader, .lohn " Sect. 24 J-^.rmer .-Switzerland 1 Vnn Maria T.Gilgen j " IScct. 24 Wife of John Bader Switzerland Hoosin-er, J. W " 'Sect. 2 |Farraer jPortage co., Nancv Stockton I " ISect. 2 IWife of J. W. Boosinger |..... Balsiger, John, Sr Highland ISect. 36 Farmer and fruitgrower Switzer and, Julia Bulliet " Sect. 36 Wile of John Balsiger, Sr , Switzerland 'Cook, Robert J I " ! Sect. 35 Farmer l5'; ^j'".'' c"- Ann M. Laslev " Sect. 35.. .1846 .1852 ,1852 , 1857 Ohio. 1859 1859 1852 AVife of Robert Cook St! Clair co. .1848 . 1S4S .1875 .1875 576 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS MARINE TOWNSHIP-CONTINUED. (Ellison, C. M - Ellison, Jacob ( Ellison,Mary (nee Walker) I Gottenstrater, Harmann... I Margaret Kulins (Harrington, John W -j Harrington, John ( HaiTingtoa, ( Matilda K. oec Hlucb) j Hentis, Frederick ( Catherine Meier ( Howard, George 1 Mar>' Ann Long ( Hnrlcniann, Anton JRose Debley I Ims, Henry, Jr \ Ims, Henry, Sr ( Ims, Elizb'th, (nee Neulsllng). . j Iberg, August I Anna Maria Zobrist I j Iberg, Samuel I Caroline Iberg Jeffress, A. W f Johnson, John 1 E;iizabeth Fitch j Kreutzberg, Conrad. ( Pahlman, neeGrosenheider iKase, Eberhard Clara E. Zimmerscheid Kjttler, Charles W Christina Anselm j Leutweiler, Heinrich... (Elizabeth Hnber j Pence, George S ( Margaret J. Kepler f Schafer, John 1 Josephine, Kramer I Schaf'er, Michael ( Mary K. Kramer I Schmidt, Andreas j \ Gertrude Kadel ' I RerthaSchmidt, .nceKaufmaim) iStoutzeuberg, Joseph I Fannie Lehr Schoeck, Christian Mary Kaum J Schmidt, Erasmus I Loui.sa Vouegt j Suter, Gustav I Eliza Hover f Voigt, Charles L \ Voigt. Ernst L I Voigt, Catherine, (ntesciimiijo I VoUrath, Jacob \ Margaret (Jtillie Hobeoz... j Waage, Mrs. Mary (hm docM) \ Waage, Conrad C POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. Marine Dec'dAug.l,'81 Marine Dc'd Apr.24,'80 Marine Sect. 3. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Dc'd Apr.28,'64 Marine Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. OCCtrPATION. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Highland Highland Marine 'Sect. 'Sect. ISect. Sect. Sect. [Sect. ISect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. " 'Sect. " Sect. " Sect. Dc'dOct.29,'6o.! Marine Sect. " ;Sect. " 'Sect. St. Jacobs Sect. St. Jacobs Sect. Marine Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. " [Sect. Dc'd Xov.30,'61 Marine iSect. " jSect. " !Sect. Highland jSect. Dc'd July 24,'66 Farmer Madison co., Ill Father of C. M. Ellison Long Island Mother of C. M. Ellison Norfolk, N. Y Farmer i Westphalia, Ger Wife of Harmann H. Gottenstrater Indiana Farmer iMacoupin co., Ill Father of John W. Harrington North Carolina Mother of John W. Harrington .Christian co., Ky Farmer IGermany Wife of Frederick Hentis iGermany Farmer |St. Clair co.. Ill Wife of George Howard Rockingham co., Va... Farmer Switzerland Wife of Anton Hurleman IMadison co.. Ill Farmer jMadison co.. Ill Father of Henry Ims, Jr JRyerfelt, Ger Mother of Heniy Ims, Jr Overheim, Ger Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.. Ill Wife of August Iberg 'Germany Farmer iSwitzerland Wife of Samuel Iberg Madison co.. Ill 1854 1817 1844 1856 1839 18-50 1817 1854 1854 1812 1831 1852 1853 1852 1844 1844 1840 1845 1841 1836 Virginia 1835 Rensselaer co., N. Y... 1856 Augusta CO., Va 1831 Germany 1860 Germany '1862 1858 1866 Farmer Farmer Wife of John Fitch Farmer Wife of Conrad Kreutzberg Farmer Germany Wife of Eberhard Kase Germany Farmer Westphalia, Ger... Wife of Charles W. Ketthr iHaden,Gor Farmer Switzerland Wife of Heinrich Leutwieler Switzerland Farmer Warren co., Ohio., Wife of George S. Pence Warren co., Ohio., Farmer, born on Mississippi, on steamer Alex. Scott Wife of John Schafer Madison co Farmer Germany Wife of Michael Schafer St. Lonis, Mo Farmer ;Germany 1864 1864 1843 1843 1856 1856 1862 1853 1862 1852 1837 First wife of Andreas Schmidt IGermany 1844 Present wife of Andreas Schmidt Germany 1844 Farmer Monroe co.. Ill 1S61 Wife of Joseph Stoutzenberg Madison co., Ill 1862 Farmer Madison co.. Ill il848 """ 1850 1837 1844 Wife of Christian Schoeck Madison co., Ill Farmer (Jermany Wife of Ejasmus Schmidt Germany Farmer Switzerland [1856 Wife of Gustav Suter Germany Il844 Farmer Madison co.. Ill J1856 Father of Charles L. Voigt Germany 1844 Mother of Charles L. Voigt Germany 1839 Farmer St. Clair co.. Ill 1861 Wife of Jacob Vollrath Germany 1864 Farming [Switzerland 1843 Late husband of Mary Waage [Hanover, Ger 1836 LEEF. Ambuel, John 'Grant Fork [Sect. 28.. Terres-a Kraft [ " " [Sect. 28.. ' Ghidbach, Peter [ " " Sect. 20.. .Josephine Deibert [ " " !Sect. 20.. Kaltenbacher, Ferdinand.. " " Saline.... Mulloy, JohnJ " " Sect. 20.. Mead,'G. W Alhamhra Sect. IS.. Dugusta Wise jAlhambra Sect. 18., Rockwell, G. W [Alhamhra Sect. 16., Catherine Peterson Dc'd Mar. 3,'73 Ransom, A. R Grant Fork Saline.... Anna Wilson Grant Fork Saline.... jStallings, Mary A Alhamhra ISect. 3... j Stallings, Harrison Dc'd Dec. 3,'73.' fSl0.S3, Roberto I Pocahontas. Bond Co... Scct. 36. Mary Britton [ " ", ...ISeet. 36. . Farmer and to\vtiship collector ISwitzerland .Wife of John Ambuel St. Louis, Mo , Farmer and stock raiser Graufen Coin, Prussia. .Wife of Peter Gladbach ! Baden, Germany .Proprietor of saloon Germany .Farmer and supervisor Co. Mayo,Ireland . Farmer and dealer in musical instruraents..|Wyoming, N. Y .Wife of (;. W. Mead 'Washington, Pa .[Farmer [Clay co.. Mo .Late wifcof G. W. Rockwell Madison CO., Ill . Physician and surgeon and justice of peace... Gallatin co.. Ill . Wife of A. R. Ransom Madison co.. Ill . Farmer Madison co., Ill . Late husband of Mary A. Stallings Madison co.. Ill .Farmer Florence, Alhamhra... .[Wife of Robert C. Sloss [Providence, Pa 1839 11857 [1856 1864 1864 1861 1854 1838 1834 1876 1858 1828 1828 18f9 1868 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 677 FORT RUSSELL. Bartels, Philopoena Bartels, Charles Biilstcrs, Coiiriul Ettie M. Eenkcu C(>oi)er, J. P Dierking, William H Xancv L. Talloii Estabrook, W. L Lillias C. Gilisnn Estabrodk, .John Estabrook, Nancy (Seewhiie). Engelhart , Heurv Charlotte Hill...: Flajrg, Mrs. W. C Flagg, WillardC Gaertner, Frederick Rebecca IJaurer Gait, William Eiiiclinc Estabrook G(jttk-ib Nictc'rt 5Ia ry Lasemaii ii Gray, John Saduie Polev Hellrung, Rarthel Senoria Jocbl Helmkamp, George F Emilie M. Beckemeyer Hutchins, James D Mary J. Doubt Herreu, John Ida Miller Jones, Austin Mary A. Morgan Lantermann, H. C Mary D. Irwin Lanterman, William A Eliza Luman Lanterman, W. H Jennie A. Rus-iell Lake, Charles A Allie M. Robert-on Lake, Robert D Harriet McGilvary Lawrence, Mary Ann. Lawrence, George W Lautner, Margaret John George Lautner Morrison, Samuel, Sr Martha White Maeners, Ernst Martha Hamilton Meier. John Mary Longcndorf Miller, Catherine Miller, Casper Miller, John M Margaret Buchta McPlierson, Henry C Margaret M. Cornelison.... McPherson, James Sydney A. Lawrence Newman, W. E Martha A. Harrison Xeunaber, George Catharine Rankin Xe\yman, John R Elizabeth Belk Owens, J. P Sarah L. Jones Martin Jones Margt. Jones ( nee Wright) Preuitt, Wiley Martha H. Lyon Luther Wells Lyon POST OFFICE. RESIDEKCE. Edwardsville... Sect. 32, Dec'd Apr.6,'71 Bethalto OCCUPATION'. NATIVITY. Edwardsville. Bethalto Edwardsyille... Dc'd Mav 2, '81 Dc'd NoV. 3,'81 Liberty Prairie Dc'd Apr. 14,7G Moro Dc'd Mar..30,'78 Liberty Prairie. Liberty Prairie. Ed\vardsville... Eilwardsville... Liberty Prairie. Liberty Prairie. Bethal'to Bethalto Sect. 8... Sect. 8... Sect. li".. Sect. IG.. Sect. in.. Sect. 14.. ..Farming Germany ..Late husband of Philopoena Bartels jGermany ..Farmer St. Clair co.. Ill ..Wife of Conrad Balsters Osfriesland, Ger .. Farmer Madison en .. Farmer Hanover, (iermany. .. Wife of William H. Dierking Madison co.. Ill .. Farmer Madison co., Ill Moro Mnro Edwar sville. Edwardsville. Bethalto Edwardsville. Edwardsyille. Moro Bethalto... Mnro Dc d Apr. 17,'79 Edwardsville... Dc'd Feb. 12,'74 Liberty Prairie. Liberty Prairie. Omph-Ghent... Omidi-Ghent... Carpenter Edward.sville... Dc'd June2,'78 Edw-ardsville... Edwardsville^... Moro Liberty Prairie Edwardsyille... Edwardsville... Dc'd Feb.in,'47 Dc'd Aug. 11,'81 Bethalto Sect. 14 Wife of W. L. Estabrook St. Loui.s, Mo.. Father of W. L. Estabrook East Lexington, Ma.ss. Mother of W. L. Estabrook Charlotte, X. C Sect. 13 Fanner Brunswick, Germany.. Late wife of Henry Engelhart Prussia Sect. 3 Farming ! Windsor co., Vt Late husband of Mrs. W. C. Flagg Madison co., Ill Sect. 23 Farmer and storekeeper Darmstadt, Germany.. Sect. 23 Wife of Frederick Gaertner Darmstadt, Gernnmy.. Sect. 14 Farmer Ayrshire, Scotland Sect. 14 Wife of William Gait Madison co.. Ill Sr(.'t. '^'1 FurillCr Bcrckoburg, Lippe, Schaumburg... Sect! 2ll!!!!!!!! Wife of Gottlieb Xietert Missouri Bethalto Saddle and harness maker Madison co., II! Bethalto Wife of John Gray JIacoupin co.. Ill Sect. 1 Farmer and stock 'raiser Saxony, Germany Sect. 1 Wife of Barthel Hellrnng Switzerland Se^t. 4 Farmer and stock raiser St. Lnuis, Mo Sect. 4 Wife of Geo. F. Helmkamp St. Lnuis, Mo Suet. 15 Farmer and stock r.aiser Calvert co, Md Sect, l.'j ;Wife of James D. Hutchins Madi.-snn co., Ill Sect. 20 Farmer Osfrie.sland, Germany. Sect. 20 IWife of John Herren |Osfriesland, Germany. Sect. 19 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.,Ill Sect. 19 AVife of Austin Jones Madi.son co., Ill Sect. 19 Farmer Sangamon co., Ill Sect. 19 Wife of H. C. Lanterman |Edwardsyille, 111 Sect. 16 Farmer and stflck raiser Fleming co., Ky Sect. II) Wife of Wm. A. Lanterman Lewis co., Ky Sect. Ki Farmer; son of Wm. A. and E. Lanterman. Madison co.. Ill Sect. 16 Wife of W. H. Lanterman Macoupin co., Ill Sect. 21 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill Sect. 21 Wife of Charies A. Lake Madison co.. Ill Sect. 21 Farmer and stock raiser St. Louis, Mo Sect. 21 Wife of Robert D. Lake -Macoupin co., Ill Sect. 4 Farming and stock raising :Logan co., Ky Late husband of Mary A. Lawrence Madison co., Ill Sect. 26 Farming '. Bavaria, Germany iLate husband of Margaret Lautner Bavaria, Germany Sect. 12 IParmer Go. Tyrone, Ireland... Sect. 12 Wife of Samuel Morrison Co- Tyrone, Ireland... Sect. 1 Farmer Friestland, Germany.. Sect. 1 AVife of Ernst Maeners St. Louis, Mo '.... Silt. 12 Farmer Madison co., Ill Sect. 12 Wife of John Meier Germany Sect. 34 Fanning Go. AVexford, Ireland. Late husband of Catharine Miller Carlsruhe, Germany... Sect. 22 Farmer Bavaria Sect. 22 lAVifeof John M. Miller Bavaria Sect. 5 'Farmer Logan co., Ky Sect. ') AVife of Henry C. McPherson.... Pierce co., Wis Sect. 9 Farmer and stock raiser Logan co., Ky Sei t. 9 AVife of James McPherson Madison co.. Ill Sect. 11 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.. Ill Sect. 11 Wife of AV. E. Newmann Sangamon co.. Ill Sect. 14 Farmer Hanover, Germany.... Sect. 14 1 AVife of (Jenrge Xeunaber Hanover, Germany.... Sect. 11 [Farmer and stock raiser Madison en.. Ill Sect. 11 jAVife of .John R. X'ewman A'orkshire, England.... Sect. 20 Fanner and st^ck raiser Davidson co., Tenn... Sect. 20 Wife of J. P. Owens Madison co., Ill Father of Mrs. J. P. Owens 'Mother of Mrs. J. P. Owens A'irginia Sect. 18 jFarmer Madison co., Ill Sect. 18 AVife of AVilev Preuitt Windom, Conn Sect. 18 Father of Mrs. AA^Iev Preuitt [AVindom, Conn 1856 'I8.i6 !l8r)8 '1879 1848 1874 1843 1833 186.5 1816 1820 1841 1844 1806 1829 1858 11858 1845 1826 18,54 18.54 48,58 1862 1852 1.854 1866 1881 1841 1840 1851 1 .S65 1844 l.S,50 1869 1844 1819 ,1828 1858 18,- 7 11856 1864 18,53 1869 18.59 1830 1848 1839 18.55 18.55 1868 1866 1852 1862 bS.'-'S 18.36 1851 1840 1859 1874 18.59 18.52 1821 1834 1866 1.S66 1818 1843 18.38 1826 1806 1.827 1836 1836 578 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. FORT RUSSELL.-coNTiNUED. POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE Patterson, Andrew C Janette E. Harvey Paddock, iSusan Paddock, Gains ." Paddock, Mary (nee Wood) 'Paul, Henry Louisa Sclilicpsick I Catlu'iiiie Mover Prany:e, Cliarlcs W \ Julia Kleffnum ( Richmond, Volney P \ Victoria E. West (Harriet Anthony ■ Robinson, Sidney I. J. Harlan Robinson, W. S. B Robinson Letitia, nee White Russell, CO Lizzie Palmer I Springer, Thomas O.... Emily M. Thompson.., Ella J. Randie fStahlhut, F. I Louisa S. Nietret (Sfheer, D. C ■', Christina Eva Cappel ( Louisa D. Dierkiug... f Silland, John I Theresa Young fStulkin, Henry J Catherine W. Smith... Mary J.Young fStillwell, Nimrod Phoebe Surrett Lorena Lawrence iBethalto . ( Smith, Wm. A iMoro Edwardsville.... Sect. 15 " ... Sect. 15 More Sect. 3.. Dc'dAug.lO,'31 Dc'd Julvl5,'51 Omph-Ghent.... Dc'd Oct. —.'61 Omph-Ghent.... Edwardsville.... OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. Moro Dc'd Sept.8,'56. Moro Liberty Prairie Liberty Prairie Liberty Prairie. Dc'dSep.10,'79. Bethalto Bethalto Sect. 1... Sect. 36., Sect. 36., Sect. 10. Sect. 10. Sect. 11. Sect. 11. Sect. 11. Bethalto . Bethalto . Bethalto Sect. 30 Dc'd Jan.21, '58 Bethalto . Edwardsville.... Sect. 30., Sect. 22., Sect. 22., Sect. 14., Liberty Prairie. Dc'd Apr.23,'52 Liberty Prairie. Sect. 14. Carpenter Sect. 9.., :Sect. 9.. Edwardsville.... Sect. 28, Dc'd Nov. 8,'74. Edwardsville... .jSect. 28 Bethalto iSect. 5.. iDc'd June, '35. Sect. 5.. ...Sect. 6 I Pollv Ann Lanterman Moro Sect. 6.... JSL0tt,Eliz'th J. (neeBaird) Bethalto 'Bethalto jRetired Farmer Wife of .\ndrew C. Patterson Farming and stock raising...; Father of Susan Paddock Mother of Susan Paddock Farmer and stock rai.scr First wife of Henry Paul Present wife of Henry Paul Farmer Wife of Charles W. Prange Farmer a nd fine stock raiser First wife of Volney P. Richmond Present wife of Volney P. Richmond Farmer Wife of Sidney Robinson Father of Sidney Robinson Late wife of W. S. B. Kobin.son Barber Wife of C. C. Russell Farmer First wife of Thomas O. Springer Present wile of Thomas O. Springer Farmer and stock raiser Wife of F. C. Stahlhut Farmer and stock raiser First wife of D. C. Scheer Present wife of D. C. Scheer Wagon maker Wife of John Silland Farmer and stock I'aiser First wife of Henry J. Stulkin Present wife of Henry J. Stulkin Farmer and stock raiser First wife of Nimrod Stillwell Present wife of Nimrod Stillwell Farmer Wife of William A. Smith Madison co.. Ill '1845 Madison co.. Ill '|1844 Middleborough. Mass. 1835 Middleborough, Mass. 1815 Middleborough, Mass. 1815 Bavaria, Germany 1854 Liber, Germany... Istrap, Germany... St. Louis, Mo St. Louis, Mo slock. WiDdior CO.. V\ Edwardsville, 111. Sberburur, Rutland co. VI Madison co., 111... Macoupin co.. 111. Lincoln co., N. C. Lincoln co., N. C, Wabash CO., 111.... Madison co.. 111... Madi.son co., 111... Madison co.. 111.., St. Clair co.. 111.. Madison co., 111.. Madison co., 111.. Hanover, Ger Bavaria, Ger Hanover, Ger Herman, Mo ( Scott, Richard Dec'd Oct. 4, '65 Bethalto . ( Scott, C. L. (nee Chapman) Bethalto ' Scott, J. H pc'ilDcc.31,'64 'Smith, Christian P lEdwanlsville... Frances Kaiser JEdwardsville ... [ Schwarzkopf, Bernhard Liberty Prairie. Josepha Klaus Dec'd 1866 Friederika Krieger iLibertv Prairie. J Silland, L iLibertv Prairie.iSect. 9, I M. Miller ILibertv Prairie. Sect. 9 Sect. 28., Sect. 28., Sect. 23. Sect. 23. iSchmiz, G. A Mary Hilldermau., f Weiss, Friedrick.. I Marv A. Bauer.... J Welker, L ( Elizabeth Crosby. Bethalto Bethalto Liberty Prairie. Liberty Prairie. Alton Junction. Alton Junction. Bethalto . Bethalto . Sect. 12.. Sect. 12.. Sect. 35.. Sect. 35.. Late husband of Elizabeth J. Scott Retired Late husband of C. L. Scott Farmer Wife of Christian P. Smith Wagonmaker and blacksmith First wife of Bernhard Schwarzkopf. Present wife of Bernhard Schwarzkopf.. Blacksmith Wife of L. Silland Jeweler Wife of G. A. Schmiz Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Friedrick Weiss Farmer Wife of L. Welker 1861 1881 1881 1819 1828 1837 1834 1853 1815 1817 1868 1858 1827 1827 1844 1855 1860 1842 1845 1853 1862 Darmstadt |1859 Oklenbcrg, Ger 1844 Hesse Darmstadt Madison co., 111.., Berk co., N. C... Davidson co., N. C ,1834 Davidson co., Teun...'1830 Cumberland co.. Pa.. .11843 Madison CO., Ill ^1840 Madison co.. Ill 1840 Alabama Madison co.. 111.... Madison co., Ill ... Hess'e Darmstadt.. Hanover, Ger , Wurtemburg, Ger, 1861 1834 1841 1836 1847 1848 1859 1867 .Germany 1853 . IGerniany i 1853 Germany '1869 Monroe co.. Ill 1860 Saxony, Ger 1849 Darmstadt, Ger 1848 Knox CO., Ohio 1857 Madison co.. Ill .1841 WOOD RIVER. Upper Alton.... Dc'd Dcc.15,'65 Upper Alton.... Upper Alton.... Bethalto Bethalto Upper Alton Upper Alton Bethalto iBadley, Sarah Ann.. Badley, Wm Bulkley, Justus iMary B. Rice Bangert, Jacob C... Catherine Humra Cartwright, George. ( Charity Bachard rClark.'Wm. G J Clark, James F I Clark, James W I Fannie Smith (Flick, Conrad \ Mary J. Williams.... I Fliciv, Marv Lenora. TGillham, Shadrach B Upper Alton.... I Martha Smith Upper Alton.... ■' Gillham, Thomas [Dc'd Nov. 8,'44, I Gillham, Mirsraret L lOc'd Dec.22,'62 Sect. 9.. Sect. 6 Sect. 6.... Bethalto . Bethalto . Sect. 4 .■Sect, 4.... Bethalto . Dc'd June 5,'68. Bethalto Howard co.. Mo Worcestershire, Eng... Livingston co., N. Y., Campbell co., Va 1834 1840 1842 1880 1865 1X65 1851 Farmina: and stock raising Late husliaiHJ of Sarah A'. Badley Prof, of Sliurtlctr College Present wife of Justus Bulkley Dealer in boots and Shoes....." 'Germany Wife of Jacob C. Bangert [Germany Farmer [Yorkshire, Eng. Wife of George Cartwright lYorkshire, Eng [1852 Miller ^Adams co.. Ill [1877 Miller [St. Louis, Mo 1878 Foreman or Prosident Mills and Father or Wm. G. aud J. F. l-Mnrk .lUtica, N. Y 18/8 Wife of James W. Clark [Ireland 1878 Contractor and builder [Somerset co.. Pa 1855 Late wife of Conrad Flick Madison co l""," Daughter of Conrad Flick iMailison co 1867 Bethalto . Sect. 8 Fanner ami fruit raiser Sect. 8 jWifc of Sliadracli B. Gillham.... Father of Shadrach B. Gillham iMother of Sliadiivh B. Gillham Madison CO., Ill 1831 Madison Co., Ill 1833 North Carolina 1800 South (Vrlinn 1810 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 579 WOOD RIVER— CONTINUED. POST OFFICE. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. Farmer Farqiier co., Va.... Late wife of William Gill Woodford uo., Ky., . Farmer Si'liuvlkill co., Pa.. Wife of Peter S. Greenwood Ohio ..'Gardener Germany. (Gill, William Upper Alton... Sect. 10... (Elizabeth Trabue Dc'd Jan. 6, '81 (Greenwood, Peter S [Bethalto Sect. 2... (Sarah M. Crawford Bethalto Sect. 2... ( Gaeller, Michael lAlton Junction Sect. 18.. JMarvStutz Alton Junction Sect. 18 Wife of Michael Gaeller Germany Gesenhues, Herman Bethalto Bethalto iRector St. Martin's Catholic church St. Limis, Mo... ( Haller, A. G Alton Junction Sect. 29 IFarmer Madison co., 111.... I Anna Tipel " " jSect. 29 Wife of A. G. Haller .Madi.son co.. III.... ( Koch, John j " " Alton J'unctioniMerchant and grocer (iennany 1 Henricttc .locsting ' " " JAlton Junction 'Wife of John Koch iCrerniany J Koort, Hcniv M jUpper Alton... Sect. 4 JFarmer and stock raiser iGermany I Eleanoni W iltfcld |Upper Alton... Sect. 4 |Wife of Henry M. Koort IMadison co.. 111.... (Miller J A Bethalto Bethalto iDealer in hivrdware and farm implements.... Baltimore, Md \ Marv E. Hagerman ■ " Bethalto Wife of J. A. Miller Dearborn co., Ind ( Montgomerv, Hampton ....! " Sect. 13 iFarmer and stock raiser Madison co. 111.... i Martha Green Dc'd Nov. 2, '70' iLate wife of Hampton Montgomery \\ ilkes co., JN. C 1862 ( McKenzie, Joseph H Upper Alton... ISect. 8 iBroom manufacturer lelfcr.son co., Ky 1847 t McKenzie, Jame.s...; Dc'd Ap. 16, '78 Father of Joseph H. McKenzie Ireland J Mcintosh, Francis M Upper Alton... Sect. 22 Farmer Union co.. 111...., I Millie E. Griffin Dc'd June 5, '76| Late wife of Francis M. Mcintosh Madison co.. III.. j Phaver, Mary Upper Alton... 'Sect. 8 Farming Wexlord co., Ireland...l852 I Phayer, Joseph D Dc'd May 4, '70l iLate husband of Mary Phayer Limerick co., Ireland.. 1852 ( Rodgeii, Andrew F Upper Alton... iSect. 3 IFarmer and stock raiser Howard co.. Mo 1834 I Jane F. Delaplain " " ...Sect. 3 Wife of Andrew F. Kodgers Madison co., Ill |1838 I Rodgers Edward ! " " ... Sect. 5 Farmer and stock raiser Madison co.,Ill 1839 I Ella Hewit " " ... Sect. 5 Wife of Edward Rodgers ;Madison co.. Ill il851 "> Ebenezer Rodgers..... Dc'd Ap. 26, 'ol! Father of Edward Rodgers Monmouthshire,, Eug. 1834 1826 1835 1836 1858 1860 1867 1867 1881 1836 1844 1868 1869 1874 1858 1834 1834 1833 1847 1843 1852 \ Permelia Jackson Upper Alton (Randle, Edward B Bethalto [Bethalto \ Mary E. Powers Dc'd Oct, 10, '67' (Marv Etta Nclscm Bethalto Bethalto ( Rotsch, Rlu-inhold Betludto ISect. 11.. \ Mary Kamann Dc'd Sep. 15,'72 Mother of Edward Rodgers Kentucky Dealer in drugs, liardware, agriculfl inqilt's Madison co., 111.. First wife of Edward B. Randle New York Present wife of Edward B. Randle iNew Himpshire Farmer and stock raiser iMadison co., 111.. ^^„ ^._ First wife of Rheinhold Rotsch Germany , Mary Smith..........!.!. Bethalto.. .......ISect. 11 IPiesent wife of Rheinhold Rotsch IJackson co.. Mo. ( Souires, Jeremiah Upper Alton... Sect. 6 Farmer Madison co.,Ill 18.57 1 Marv J. Evans Upper Alton... Sect. 6 Wife of Jeremiah Squires North Wales 1859 ( Schmidt, Nicolas Bethalto Bethalto ICarpenter Germany 1861 "(Ottele Stoehr Bethalto Bethalto 'Wife of Nicolas Schmidt Monroe co., Ill ;1861 (Squires, Amos Alton Junction Sect. 22 Farmer jMadison co., Ill i Lucv Jackson i " " iSect. 22 Wife of Amos Squires |Madison co.. Ill 1881 1850 1852 1862 J Wiedmer, John Bethalto. I Catharine Grob I " Weaver, Franklin J " Mary A. Gibbs iDc'd Apr. 7, '81 Williams, Lydia (n™Moore)...|Upper Alton... Williams, Madison Dc'd Jan. 25,'68 Young, Peter Alton Junction'Sect. 26, 1831 1836 1836 1840 1864 1864 1864 iBethalto iSuperinteudent President mills Switzerland 1854 Bethalto 'Wife of John Wiedmer iSwitzerland Bethalto i Engineer President mills '.\rkansas co.. Ark. Late wife of Franklin J. Weaver lEast Tennesee Farming JMadison co.. Ill Late husband of Lydia Williams Knox co., Tenn.... Farmer and stock raiser Belgium , f Smith, Upton I " " Sect. 35 Farmer Madison co.. Ill I Emma Kimball ' " " |Sect. 35 'Wife of Upton Smith Indiana (Van Prefers, M. H tipper Alton... (Sect. 17 Farming lefferson co.. Mo \ Van Prefers John F Dc'd Jan. 26,'70' Late husband of M. H. Van Preters IWashington co.. Mo... Van Preters Louis B I Dc'd Aug. 8, '75' ;Son of John T. and M. H. Van Preters Jetterson co.. Mo 1848 1849 1855 1821 1835 1858 Anna'Smith.'..................! Alton Junction Sect. 26 |Wife of Peter Young IGermany |1865 Sect. 2.. HELVETIA. f Baumann, Christ ( Anna Habbegger ( Bellm, Vallentine.... \ Barbara Buchiiiann. ( Blacet, Francois I Juliet Astopiiey j Buchmann, Joseph.. ( Mary Y'ann ICuddv, Julia Cuddy, Sarah A Cuddy, Ephraim D.. Cuddy, George Mary Faires IDelassus, Isaiah Delassus, Henry Delassus, Edward C. Delassus, Zeline (He" Boiteo... Highland |Sect. 1... " ISect. 1... " Sect. 9... Sect. 9... Sect. 24.. " Sect. 24.. " Sect. 4... " Sect. 4... " Sect. 9... " Sect. 9... " Sect. 9... Dc'd July 25,'71 Dc'dJulyl7,'56l Highland ISect. 13.. Highland Sect. 13.. Dc'd Jan. 4, '76 Dee'd , '60 Farmer and highway commissioner Wife of Christ Baumann Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Valentine Bellm Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Francois Blacet Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Joseph Buchanan Farming Farming Farmer Father of Julia, Sarah and Ephraim Cuddy Mother of Julia, Sarah and Ephraim Cuddy Farmer and stock raiser Farmer and stock raiser Father of Isaiah and Henry Dela-ssus Mother of Isaiah and Henry Delassus Canton Bern, Swtzld.. Canton Bern, Swtzld.. Laugenbruchen, Bdn.. Canton Luzern,Swtz'd Dept. Aisne, France... Canton Voud, Swtzld.. Madison co., Ill Jefferson CO., Ky Madison co.. Ill Madison co., Ill 'Madison co., Ill Tennesee Madison CO., Ill Madison co.. Ill 'Madison co.. Ill Dept. Aisne, France... Dept. Somme, France 1862 1850 1845 1833 1853 1840 1852 1871 1852 1850 1859 1816 1821 1857 1859 1849 1849 580 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. HELVETIA.-CONTINDED. POST OFFICE. f Delassus, Edward I Leah R. Treinblay ( Drancourt, Hippolyte I Ernestine, Rogier, nee DnjnrjiD ( Good, Jacob ] Louise Burclvard f Hagnaiier, Wni I Elizabctli Mueller f Heinrich J. Gottlob 1 Christina Rohrauer I Koehler, Melchior I Catherine Guentei- iKeilbach, Franz Christine Gundli Koch, Fritz Leh na Wi n ter f Latzer, Louis I Mary Wilt I Luehni, Albert I Luehm, Eliza 1 John Leder I Luehm, Barbara, (uee Biei.od) f Luehm, John.» < Elizabeth Werndli ( Anna Sehaft'ner j Lebeque, Jules 1 Neree Rogier f Lorenz, Frank j Louisa Hausle ( Meyer, J. Henry ] Caroline Andres j Malan, Louis ( Helena Demoulin j N^ittier, Emil, Sr K Eliza Josephine Nattier... ( Dina Ledouble Ramsey, William S f Rosier, John B 1 >Liry Brauchaud I Rietmann, A I Sophia Wyss ( Schmiedlin, John F 1 Virginia J. vSchiele J Schlicht, Jacob ( Bertha Lang (Streif, C. Michael, Jr I Louisa B. Schmidt Storbech, Friedrich A. Mary Good Siippiger, Robert Mary Hagnauer Vuliiet, Louis F Athaliah Sevceriat f Walter, Albert j Sophia Bender I Widmer, Maurice ( Magdalena Rail I Yann, John I Caroline Hochulie 1 Zobrist, Henry I Eliza Leutwiler j Zobrist, Edward 1 Miry A. Gruonig f Zolk, Sebastian < Amansia Gundli i Rosa Rail I Zoller, Armand 1 Blanch Paris f Zilles, John 1 Dorothea Brackhahn Highland . RESIDENCE. De.e'd 1867 Highland., OCCUPATION. Sect. 13 Farmer and school director Sect. 13 Wife of Edward Delassus Sect. 26 Farmer and stock raiser Late wife of Hijipolyte Drancourt [Sect. 28 Farmer and stock raiser .ISect. 28 Wife of Jacob Good .ISect. 31 jFarmer, stock raiser and school trustee.. .ISect. 31 iWife of William Hagnauer Sect. 21 'Fai-mer and stock raiser . Sect. 21 IWife of J. Gottlob Heinrich. . Sect. 18 I Sect. 18 .ISect. 33, Sect. 33, .'Sect. 10 Dc'd July, 73. Highland Dc'd Dec.12,'77 Highland Deceased.. Highland. Farmer and stock raiser., Wife of Melchior Koehler Farmer Wife of Franz Keilbach Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 10 jWifeof Fritz Koch Sect. 17 Fanner and supervisor Sect. 17 jWife of Louis Latzer Sect. 19 ! Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 19 [Wife of Albert Luehm Sect. 19 |Re tired farmer Sect. 19 iMotherof Albert Luehm Sect. 30 (Farmer and stock rai.ser First wife of John Luehm Sect. 30 'Present wife ot John Luehm.. Sect. 13 1 Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 13 jWife ot Jules Lebeque., Sect. 32.... Sect. 32.... Sect. 31.... .Madison CO., Ill 1851 ,lClinton co., HI {1862 ,iDep't Somme, France. 1849 .Dep't Nord, France... 1851 . Madison CO., Ill Il855 .Madison CO., Ill 1857 .{Madison CO., Ill {1842 .;Canton Aargau, Swt'd|1855 . Waiblingen, Wurt'bg.|l854 . Waiblingen. Wurt'bg. 1856 , ;Ei!ena(;hSa!ien Woimar 1859 , [Riseaach Snxeo Weimar .(Baden . Canton St.Gallen,Sw'd!l842 . Canton Aargau, Swt'd.'1857 . Schaumberg, AVurt'bg. 1867 .'Madison co.. Ill 1848 , Madison CO., Ill 1852 Madison CO., Ill 1850 , Highland, 111 ilS52 {Canton Aargau, Swt'd.{1845 . Canton Aargau, Swt'd. 1848 Canton Aargau, Swt'd. 11861 .'Canton Aargau, Swt'd. 1861 .Canton Aargau, Swt'd. [1855 1859 1852 Sect. 13 Sect. 13 Sect. 12, Favmer Wife of Frank Lorenz Farmer and stock raiser Late wife of J. Henry Meyer Farmer and school director Wife of Louis Malan Farmer City of Chaunev, Dep't First wife of Emil Nattier.. .City of Chauney Present wife of E. Nattier.. .City of Chauney Farmer and stock raiser Farmer and stock raiser Wife of John B. Rogier Farmer and stock raiser Wife of A. Reitmann Farmer and stock raiser Wife of John F. Schmiedlin Fanner and stock raiser Wife of Jacob Schlicht Farmer and stock raiser Wife of C. Michael Streif, Jr Farmer and stork raiser Wife of Friedrich Storbech Miller Wife of Robert Suppiger Preacher of French Congregational church. Wife of Rev. Loui.s F. Vuliiet Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Albert Walter Farmer and stock raiser Wife of Maurice Widmer Sect. 3 'Farmer and stock raiser Sect. 3 !Wife of John Yann Sect. 7 IFarmer and stock raiser Sect. 7 {Wife of Henry Zobrist Sect. 20 IFarmer and stock raiser, Sect. 12 Sebastopol Sect. 24 Sect. 24 Sect. 3 Sect. 3 Sect. 21 Sect. 21 Sect. 20 Sect. 20 Sect. 29 Sect. 29 Sect. 20 Sect. 20 Sect. 5 Sect. 5 Sect. 6 Sect. 6 Sect. 18 Sect. 18 Sect. 29 Sect. 29, France Orchies, France Germany Switzerland St. Gallen, Swt'd Madison co., Ill Piedmont, Italy Dep't of Nord, France. Deslaine, France yDep't Deslaine, Fr 1851 1843 1851 1855 1842 1858 1861 1860 1856 Dep't Des'aine, Fr 1856 Sebastopol 1843 Orchies, France 1851 Canton Vaud, Swt'd... 1850 vSt. Gallen, Swt'd 1848 Citv of Berne, Swt'd... 1851 Mu'ehlheim, Baden 1854 Trenton, N. J 1855 Waiblingen, Wurt'bg. 1856 Canton Aargau, Swt'd. 1 1 855 St. Louis, Mo Marine, 111 Osterberg, Prussia Madison co., Ill Sursee, Switzerland.... Madison co., Ill Canton Vaud, Swt'd... Paris, France 1852 1851 1861 1846 1845 1842 1848 1862 Phillippsburg, Baden.. 1854 Madison co.. Ill 1843 Highland, 111 1854 Madison co., Ill 1854 Jefferson co., Kv 1871 Madison co.. 111." 1861 ■ " 1846 1846 1850 .Sect. 20 .iSect. 20 Dc'd Sep. 10,'61 Highland| iSect. 20.. Sect. 10.. Sect. 10.. Sect. 24., {Sect. 24., Wife of Edward Zobrist Farmer and stock raiser First wife of Sebastian Zolk.... Present wife of Sebastian Zolk. Farmer and stock I'aiser Wife of Armand Zeller Farmer and stock raiser Wife of John Zilles \argau, Switzerland.. Atlantic Ocean Madison co.. Ill Canton Berne, Swt'd...!l866 Langenbruecken, Bdn 1852 Canton,St.Gallen,Sw'd 1842 Atlantic Ocean '1841 .Alsace, France .'St. Louis, Mo .(Hesse Darmstadt.. .Brunswick 1877 1870 1867 1867 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 581 CITY OF COLLINSVILLE. Auwater, Charles R Anibrosius, C. A Berkey, J. J Berry, John Becker, John Blake, G. W Berka, Joseph Beavers, Wesley Berry, Mrs. William.... Clayton, James Chilton, J. N Degenhardt, Henry B.. Davis, J. W Gang, Gus Gardiner, W. D Finke, August Heintz, J. L Hite, B. R Haas, William O Heddcn, William H.... Hutlendiik, Henry Juda. Joseph S Kuhlenbeck, John H.. Kreider, Charles Killinger, John Kalbfleisdi, J. C Kalbfleisch, George.... Kalina, Joseph, Jr Kropf, John W Lueuers, Henry A Loyel, John L Loyet, Valentine Marshall, H. J Meier, John H Miiller, C McKeag, W. H Nelson, D. L Neustadt, Anton Oatman, Charles R Peers, James N Powell, A. M Pabst, C. H Robinson, Luther Steele, Daniel Snodgrass, Austin R... Schroeppel, M. G Strong, H. L Thomas, P. J Turner, J. W Vujtech, Bart Wilbort, Philip Wilkiiis, C. W Wilhelm, M Wicklirte, J. H (Wendler, A [ E. Caroline Metz Zucker, Max CoUinsville . POST OFFICE. KESIDESCE. OCCUPATION. WHrN X.^TIVITY. tcoMK jTO CO. . CoUinsville General merchant Baltimore, Md 1858 " Coal operator Hesse Cassel, Ger 1849 " Farmer Somerset co., Pa 1819 " Attornpy-at-law : Huntingdou co., Pa... 1881 " Proprietor Becker mills and mayor of city... New York City 1864 .' " Proprietor livery and feed stables Madison co., Ill 1849 " Proprietor of saloon Hohemia 1851 " Engineer Wayne co.. Mo 1866 " Proprietor Berry house Madison co.. Ill 1825 " Proprietor of saloon Cheshire co., Eng 1874 " Merchant ....";.... Durham, England 1866 " Rector Sts. Peter and Paul's church Madison co., Ill 1855 ■' Physician and surgeon Fleming co., Ky 1862 " Barber Germany 1854 " Dealer in hardware and agricult'l impl'ts.... Madison co., N. Y 1869 " Real estate dealer Hanover, Germany.... 1860 .; " Coal operator St. Louis, Mo 1852 " Farmer and township supervisor Marion CO., Ill 1866 " 'Carpenter and builder Boonville, Mo 1876 " Agent St. Lawrence CO., N.Y. 1849 " Proprietor of hotel and saloon l^ussia 1877 .' " Contractor and builder Bohemia 1860 " General merchant Hanover, Germanv.... 1853 " Blacksmith Hesse Darmstadt,."..... 1849 '' Engineer Abbey mine No. 3 Lancaster, Pa 1876 " General merchandising Perry co.. Mo 1851 " General merchandising Perry co.. Mo 1851 " Proprietor Jos. Exchange Madison co., Ill 18.55 " Seedman, florist and nursery Bavaria, Germany 1S.'54 .! " Physician and surgeon Hanover, Germany.... 1881 .! " General merchant Madison co., Ill ,1843 .; " Proprietor of meat market Madison co.. Ill 1858 " Dry-goods clerk St. Louis, Mo 1861 " Cigar manufacturer Hanover, Germany.... 1864 " Barber and hair weaver Bavaria, Germany 1874 .i " Baker, confectioner and grocer Cape May, X. J 1868 .' " Postmaster , Blair co.,"Pa 1850 ■' .\ttorney-at-law Bohemia 1856 " Phvsician and surgeon St. Clair co.. Ill 1875 .: " Publisher of weekly Herald Madison co., 111... 1853 .1 " Physician and surgeon Henderson co., Ky 1863 ,.| " . ..' General merchant Madison co.. Ill 1847 ,.; " J. P., dlr. in boots & shoes, & music teacher Madison co., Ill 1850 ,.' " Proprietor of American house Stattbrdshire, England 1875 .1 " General merchant Bond co.. Ill 1859 . I " Contractor, builder, & undertaker Madison eo., Ill 1865 " Physician and surgeon Pittsfield, Mass 1845 " Proprietor post-office saloon Wales 1864 " Proprietor North End meat market Sus,sex co., Del 1852 " Proj)rietor of saloon Bohemia '1855 " Proprietor of saloon Prussia '1864 Merchant Sussex co., Del 1838 ..j " Furniture dealer and undertaker Saxony, Germany 1851 " Coal operator Madison Co., Ill 1840 " Blacksmith and veterinary surgeon Bavaria, Germany 1847 " Wife of A. AVendler Saxony, Germany 1852 '• Cigar manufacturer and news dealer | Bremen, Germany 1869 COLLIXSVILI.E TOWNSHIP. iAndcnon. Mrs. M. L. (nM Cre«mes.)....ICollinSville Anderson, John Dc'd Apr. 9, '76 f Brum, Daniel CoUinsville t Rachael S. Dillon " (Collins, D.D ' " ( E. M. Anderson (Cox, S.M ( Mary A. Lawrence iEickmann, Joseph F.... Eickmann, Michael Helena Albrecht Gerding, L. F Anna Schuricht Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect, Sect, Sect, Sect, Sect, Sect Sect Sect, Sect, 23 iRetired. AVidow of John Anderson 'St. Clair co.. Ill Il862 iLate husband of M. L. Anderson ;New Jersey 1822 26 iFireman Confidence mine Delaware co., Ohio 11880 26 IWifeof Daniel Brum Wavne co., Ind [1880 27 JRetired farmer Portland, Me 1843 27 IWifeof D.D. Collins Madison co.. Ill 1826 Farmer Boone CO., Ill 1850 Wife of S.M. Cox La Salle co.. Ill 1853 Farmer jSt. Louis, Mo 1869 Father of Joseph F. Eickmann Switzerland 1869 Mother of Joseph F. Eickmann Prussia 1869 Engineer Washington co.. 111... 1873 Wife of L. F. Gerding jMadison co.. Ill 1854 582 niSTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. COLI.INSVILLE TO^VNSHIP.- continued. iHartmann, Henry Anna Gassling Hammon, John Catherine Bohnen (Hall, Henry C I Lucy A. Moore j Hazzard, W. C (Elizabeth Kelley Hecht, Hermann f Johnson, ^\'altfr IMary E. Wethers j Johnson, Jem'a A. ince ckner) j Johnson, Stephen ( Jones, James T 1 Elizabeth Blythe j Krome, Anna C. (me ww.itr)... I Krome, Charles Williams.. (Kohler, Fredericlv } Doris Zwigman Lanhani, Hartley Sarah F. Clark.." liUraaghi, Joseph ILemen, Caroline (nee M»rotj)... Lemen, Joseph L Lindley, Richard Sarah Burns f Lange, C. W. F I Maria C. Krome f Monck, Frederick 1 Wilheluiine Fink J Mathews, A. J I Harriet Walters f Mathews, George I Emma Gregory ' Mayer, Goodlip Margaret Mayer Niehaus, John Henry Anna Maria Beckering Martha V. Steinert Elizabeth Rad John Henry Niehaus, Jr... Joseph Niehaus Karl Niehaus Franz Niehaus William Niehaus Ostermever, Herman Peters, William Dena Barlmeir Caroline Neenian Picton, John T Ann King Renfro, J. J Nancy E. Gasskill Shirmer, William Elizabeth Rapp I Smith, Felix 1 Elizabeth Johnson I Tetherington, John I Mary Irene Renfro fWitte, J. D. C I Lizzie S. Krome f Wooldridge, Fielding \ Julia Squire I Sophronia A. Slice I Wendler, J I Rosina Kalbfleish j Weisenbergcr, Jule 1 Mary Czerney j Wendler, Henry 1 Elizabeth Richter POST OFFICE. RESIDENCE. Collinsville Sect. Sect. iScct. " jSect. " 'Sect. " iSect. :Scct. " 'Sect. " 'Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. OCCUPATION. Dc'dAug. 9,76 Collinsville Sect. Sect. Sect. 16 Farmer. 16 Wife of Henry Hartmann. 83 Farmer. 33 Wife of John Hammon.. 34 Pit boss of Lumaghi mine.. 34 Wife of Henry C. Hall. 27 Blacksmith. 27 Wife of W. C. Hazzard.. 1 Farmer. 28 Farmer. 28 [Wife of Walter Johnson 28 Farming Late husband of Jemima A. Johnson. 27 'Engineer of Heintz mines. 27... ' ' 9.... Dc'd Dec. 5,76. Troy Troy iScct. Collinsville iSect. 'Sect. Sect. Sect. Wife of James T. Jones.. Retired Late husband of Anna C. Krome. Farmer Dc'd Sep. 13,78 Collinsville 1 'Wife of Frederick Kohler.. 21... 21... 27.., 36.. Dc'dDec.14,'55 Dc'd Spring '63. Collinsville Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. 27. 11... 11... 17... 17... 14... 14 [Wife of 14 Fiirmer Farm er Wife of Hartley Lanham Coal Operator Retired Late husband of Caroline Lemen. Pru.s8ia, Ger 1852 Prussia, Ger 11852 Germany 11860 Germany 1860 Wood CO., W. Va 1870 Lewis CO., W. Va |1871 Luzerne co.. Pa :1874 Mahoning co., Ohio. ..11874 Bavaria, Gcr !l864 Madi-son CO., Ill 1841 Madison CO., Ill 1843 Tennes.see 11819 Worcester co., Mass... 1818 Montgomery co., Kv..ll875 Kentucky..'. "...11875 Hanover, Ger j 18.50 Hanover, Ger Hanover, Ger Hanover, Ger.... St. Louis, Mo.... Madison co.* 111. Madison co., 111. 1860 1843 1843 1856 1840 1860 St Clair CO.'. 11840 St. Clair CO 1840 Pit boss of Confidence mine lEngland . Wife of Richard Lindley Farmer and stock raiser Wife of C. W. F. Lange Farmer Wife of Frederick Monck Farmer A. J. Mathews 1863 1863 1855 1850 1877 England Prussia Louisville, Ky, Prussia Prussia 11877 Buckingham co., Va... 11846 Pittsburgh, Pa [l846 Madison co., Ill 1853 Sangamon co., Ill 11874 Wife of George Mathews Farmer 'Baden, Germany 11846 Wife of Goodlip Mayer IPennsylvania. Dc'd Oct. 16,'72! Collinsville Sect. Sect. ISect. " Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. Farmer. First wife of John H. Niehaus Second wife of John H. Niehaus 22 ;Present wife of John H. Niehaus 22 Son of John H. and Anna M. Niehaus.. 22 Son of John H. and Anna M. Niehaus.. 22 iSon of John H. and Elizabeth Niehaus. 22. 22 Venice Venice Collinsville. Sect. Sect. Sect. Sect. " Sect. " Sect. " Sect. Sect. " ISect. Deceased i Collinsville JSect. 'Sect. ISect. Sect, " Sect, :Sect. " Sect. Hanover, Germany. Prussia, Germany... Saxony , Prussia Hanover, Germany. Prussia Sou of John H. and Elizabeth Niehaus Sou of John H. and Elizabeth Niehaus Farmer Farmer First wife of William Peters Present wife of William Peters !Prussia Engineer Confidence mine | Wales Wife of John T. Picton |Staffordshire, Eng Farmer and stock raiser Madison co., Ill Wife of J. J. Renfro.. 1838 1851 1865 1873, 1873 18.30 , Madison CO., Ill 1839 1851 1854 1856 1855 Ten-mile house, general merchant Rhein, Germany. Wife of William Shinier., Engineer Confi of the Governor. . Lieutenant-Governor as Governor. . As President of the Senate. . Vacancy in tiovernor's Office. . Vacancy in other Slate (-iffices. . Reports of Slate Officers. . Great Seal of State. Fees and Salaries. Definition of 'Office." Oath of Civil Officers. EXECUTIVE DEPAKTMEST. I 1. The executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Ac- counts, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and At- torney-General, who shall each with the exception of the Treas- urer, hold his office for the term of four years from the second Monday of January next after his election, and until his succes- sor is elected and qualified. They shall, except the Lieutenant Governor, reside at the seat of Government during their term of office, and keep the public records, books and papers there, and shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. I 2. The Tre;isurer shall hold his office for the term of two years, and until his successor is elected and qualified ; and shall be ineligible to said office for two years next after the end of the term for which he was elected. He may be required by the Gov- ernor to give reasonable additional security, and in default of so doing his office shall be deemed vacant. ELECTION. I 3. An election foT Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts and Attorney-General, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the year of our Lord 1872, and every four years thereafter ; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year 1870, and every four years thereafter ; and for Treasurer on the day last ahr.ve mentioned, and every two year.i thereafter, at such placis and in such manner as may be prescribed by law. I 4. The returns of every election lor the above named officers shall be sealed up and transmitted, by the returning officers, to the Secretary of State, directed to " The Speaker of the House of Representatives," who shall, immediately after the organizii- tion of the house, and before proceeding to other business, open and publish the same in the presence of a majority of each house of the general assembly, who shall, for that purpose, assemble in the hall of the house of representatives. The i>erson having the highest number of votes for either of the said tffices shall be de- clared duly elected ; but if two or more have an equal and the highest number of votes, the general assembly shall, by joint ballot, choose one of such persons for said office. Contested elections for all of said offices shall be determined by both houses of the general assembly, by joint ballot, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. ELIGIBILITY. § o. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor, or lieutenant-governor, who shall not have attained the age of 30 years, and been, for five years next jireceding his election, a citi- zen of the United States and of this State. Neither the gover- nor, lieutenant-governor, auditor of public accounts, secretary of State, superintendent of public instruction nor attorney general shall be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. GOVERNOR. S ('). The supreme executive power shall be vested in the gov- ernor, who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. ? 7. The governor shall, at the commencement of each session, and at the close of his term of office, give to the general assembly information, by message, of the condition of the State, and shall recommend such measures as he shall deem expedient. He shall acc. Sal:iries and Fees in Cook Count 1 10. Sahiries fixed by County Board, i 11. Township Officers — Special Law ! 12. AH Futare Fees Uniform. I l;i. Sworn Reports of all Fees. i I. Formation of New Counties. \ i. Division of any County. \ ;i. Territory stricken from a County. 3 4. Removal of a County Seat. ■ ■ 3 S. Method of County Government. I n. Board of County Commissioners. I -. County affairs in Cook County. I 1. No new county shall be formed or established by the gen- eral assembly, which will reduce the county or counties, or either of them, from which it shall be taken, to less contents than 400 Brpiare miles; nor shall any county be formed of less contents ; nor shall any line thereof pass within less than ten miles of any county seat of the county, or counties proposed to be divided. I 2. No county shall be divided, or have any part stricken therefrom, without submitting the question to a vote of the peo- ple of the county, nor unless a majority of all the legal voters of the county, voting on the question, shall vote for the same. ? 3. There shall be no teiritory stricken from any county, iiniess a majority of the voters living in such territory shall peti- tion for such division ; and no territory shall be added to any county without the consent of the majority of the voters of the county to which it is proposed to be added. But the portion so stricken off and added to another county, or formed in whole or in part into a new county, shall be bolden for, and obliged to pav its proportion of indebtedness of the county from which it lias been taken. COUNTY SEATS. ? 4. No county seat shall be removed until the point to which it is proposed to be removed shall bo fixed in pursuance of law, and three-fifths of the voters of the county, to be ascertained in such manner as sliall be jirovidcd by general law, shall have voted in favor of its removal to such point ; and no person shall vote on such question who has not resided in the county six months, and in the election precinct ninety days next preceding such election. The question of removal of a county seat shall not be oftener submitted than once in ten years, to a vote of the people. But when an attempt is made to remove the county seat to a point nearer to the centre of a county, then a majority vote only shall be necessary. COUNTY GOVERNMENT. ? 5. The general assembly shall provide, by gener;;l law, for township organization, under which any county may organize whenever a majority of the legal voters of such county, voting at any general election, shall so determine, and whenever any county sh.all adopt township organization, so much of this constitution as provides for the management of the fiscal concerns of the said county by the board of county commissioners, may be dispensed with, and the affairs of said county maybe transacted in such manner as the general assembly may provide. And in any county that shall have adopted a township organization, the question of continuing the same may be submitted to a vote of the electors of such county, at a general election, in the manner that now is or may be provided by law; and if a majority of all the votes cast upon that question shall be against township organization, then such organization .'^hall cease in said county ; and all laws in force in relatii m to counties not having township organizations, shall immediately take elTect and be in force in such county. No two townships shall have the same name, and the day of holding the annual township meeting shall be uniform throughout the State. I I 6. At the first election of county judges under this constitu- tion, three shall be elected in each of the counties in this State, not under township organization, three oflicers, who shall be styled " The Board of County Commissioners," who shall hold sessions for the transaction of county business as shall be provided by law. One of said commissioners shall hold his office for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, to be determined iiy lot ; and every year thereafter one such officer shall be elected in each of said counties for the term of three years. ? 7 The county affairs of Cook county shall be managed by a board of commissioners of fifteen persons, ten of whom .shall be elected from the city of Chicago, and five from towns outside of said city, in such manner as may be provided by law. COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIB. COMPENSATIONS. I 8. In each county there shall be elected the following county officers : County judge, sheriff, county clerk, clerk of the cir- cuit court, (who may be ex-officio recorder of deeds, except in counties having CO,0(in and more inhabitants, in which counties a recorder of deeds sliall be elected at the general election in the year of our Lord lS7:i,) treasurer, surveyor, and coroner, each of whom shall enter upon the duties of his office, respectively, on the first ]\Ioaday of December after their election ; and they shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years, ex- cept the treasurer, sheriff and coroner, who shall hold their office for two years, and until their successors shall be elected and qual- ified. I 9. The clerks of all the courts of record, the treasurer, sheriff, coroner and recorder of deeds of Cook county, shall receive as their only compensation for their services, salaries to be fixed by law, which shall in no casebe as much as the lawful compensation of a judge of the circuit court of said county, and shall be paid respectively, only out of the fees of the ofliee actually collected. All fees, perquisites and emoluments (above the amount of said s-.ilaries) shall be paid into the county treasury. The number of the deputies and assistants of such oflicers shall be determined by rule of the circuit court, to be entered of record and their compensation shall be determined by the county board. I 10. The county board, except as provided in | 9 of this arti- cle, shall fix the compensation of all county oflicers, with the amount of their necessary clerk hire, stationery, fuel and other expenses, and in all cases where fees are ])rovidcd for, said com- pensation shall be paid only out of, and shall in no instance ex- ceed, the fees actually collected ; they shall not allow either of them more per annum than $1,500, in counties not exceeding 20,000 inhabitants ; $2,000 in counties containing 20,000 and not exceeding 3'>,000 inhabitants ; $2,500 in counties containing 30,- 000 and not exceeding 50,003 inhabitants; $3,000 in counties containing 50,000 and not exceeding 70,000 inhabitants ; J 3,500 in counties containing 70,000 and not exceeding 100,000 inhabi- tants; and $4,000 in counties containing over 100,000 and not exceeding 250,000 inhabitants; and not more than $1,000 addi- tional compensation for each additionod 100,000 inhabitants: Provided, that the compensation of no officer shall be increased or diminished during his term of office. All fees or allowances by them received, in excess of their said compensation, shall be paid into the county treasury. I 11. The fees of "township oflicers, and of each-class of county officers, shall be uniform in the class of count'es to which they respectively belong. The compensation herein provided for shall apply only "to officers hereafter elected, but all fees established by special laws shall cease at the adoption of this constitution, and such oflicers shall receive only such fees as are provided by gen- eral law. ? 12. All laws fixing the fees of State, county and township officers, shall terminate with the terms, respectively, of those who may be in office at the meeting of the first general assembly after the adoption of this constitution ; and the general assembly shall by general law, uniform in its operation, provide for and regulate the fees of said oflicers and their successors, so as to re- difce the same to a reasonable compensation for services actually rendered. But the general assembly may, by general law, classify tlie counties by population into not more than three classes, and regulate the fees according to class. This article shall not be construed as depriving the'gencral assembly of the power to re- duce the fees of existing officers. 5 13. Every person who is elected or appointed to any office in this State, who shall be paid in whole or in part by fees, shall be required by law to make a semi-annual report, under oath to some ofticei- to be designated by law, of all his fees and emolu- ments. ARTICLE XJ. CORPORATIONS. Established only by General L.iws. ! . Existing Charters— How Forfeited.! . Election of Directors or Managers. [ . Construction of Street Railroads. . State Banks Forbidden- General | Law. . Liability of Bank Stockholder. . Suspension of Specie Payment. . Of a Gener.al Baalcing Law. 1 Railroad OfFice.Books and Records , Personal Property of Railroads. Consolidations Forbidden. , Railroads deemed Highways- Rates Fixed. , Stocks, Bonds and Dividends. . Power over existing Comp.Tnies. Freight and Passenger TaritTre.gu- lated. ? 1. No corporation shall be created by special laws, or its char- ter extended, changed or amended, except those for charitable, 9 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 695 educational, penal or reformatory purposes, which are to be and remain under the patronage and control of the State, but the general assembly shall provide, by general law, for the organiza- tions of all corporations hereafter created. i 2. All existing charters or grants of special or exclusive privileges, under which organization shall not have taken place, or which shall not have been in operation within ten days from the time this constitution takes elfect, shall thereafter have no validity or oll'oct whatever. I 3. The gcncr.il as-serably shall provide, by law, that in all elections for directors or managers of corporated companies, every stockholdcrshall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, fir the number of shares of stock owned by him, for as many persons as there arc directors or managers to be elected, or to cumulate said shares, and give one candidate as many votes as the number of directors muUiidicd by the number of his shares of stock, shall equal, or to distriliutc them on the same principle among as many candidates as he shall think fit; and no such directors or managers shall be elected in any other manner. I 4. No laws shall be passed by the general assembly, granting the right to construct and operate a street railroad within any citv, town, or incorporated village, without requiring the consent of "the local authorities having the control of the street or high- way proposed to be occupied by such street railroad. B.\XK . I 5. Xo State bank shall hereafter be created, nor shall the State own or be liable for any stock in any corporation or joint stock company or association for banking purposes, now created, or to be h.^reAfter created. No act of the general assembly au- thorizing or creating corporations or associations, with banking powers, whether of issue, deposit or discount, nor amendments thereto, shall go into effect or in any manner be in force unless the same shall be submitted to a vote of the people at the general election next succeeding the passage of the same, and be ap- proved by a majority of all the votes cast at such election for or against such law. I G. Every stockholder in a banking corporation or institution shall be individually responsible and liable to its creditors over and above the amount of stock by him or her held, to an amount e:iual to his or her respective shares so held, for all its liabilities accruing while he or she remains such a stockholder. § 7. The suspension of specie payments by bankin ; institu- tions, or their circulation, created by the laws of this State, shall never be permitted or sanctioned. Every banking association now, or which may hereafter be, organized under the laws of this State, shall make and publish a full and accurate quar- terly statement of its affiiirs, (which shall be certified to, under oath, by one or mire of its offi.ers,) as may be provided by law. ? 8. if a general banking law shall be enacted, it shall provide for the registry and countersigning, by an officer of state, of all bills or p.iper credit, designed to circulate as money, and require s2curity,to the full amount thereof, to be deposited with the State treasurer, in United States or Illinois State stocks, to be ratedat ten per ce:it. below their par value; and in case of a deprecia- tion of said st')cks to the amount of ten per cent, below par, the bank or banks owning said stocks shall be required to make up Slid detijiency, by depositing additional stocks. And said law shall also provide for the recording of the names of all stock- holders in such corporations, the amount of stock held by each, the tima of any transfer thereof, and to whom such transfer is made. RAii^RO.vns. I 0. Every railroad corporation organized or doing business in this State, u ider the laws or authority thereof", .shall have and main- tain a public office or place in this State, for the transaction of its business, where transfers of stock shall be made, and In which shall be kept for public inspection, books, in which shall be re- corded the amount of capital stock subscribed, and by whom ; the names of the owners of stock and amount by them respectively, the amount of stock paid in and by wiiom, the transfers of said stock; the amount of its assets and liabilities, and the names and place of residence of its officers. The directors of every railroad corporation .shall, annually, make a report, under oath, to the auditor of public accounts, or some officer to be designated by law, of all their acts and doings, which report shall include such matters relating to railroads as may be prescribed by law. And the general assembly shall pass laws enforcing by suitable penaltiei the provisions of this section. J 10. The rolling stock, and all other movable property belong- ing to any railroad company or corporation in this State, shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the ))ersonal property of individ- uals, and the general assembly shall pass no law exempting any such property from execution and sale. J 11. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, pro- perty or franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing line; and in no case shall any consolida- tion take place except upon public notice given, of at least sixty days, to all stockholders, in such manner as may be provided by law. A majority of the directors of any railroad corporation, now incorporated orhereafterto be incorporated by thelaws of the State, shall be citizens and residents of this State. § 12. Eailwavs heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be constructed in this State, are hereby declared public high- way. s, and shall be free to all persons for the transportation of their persons and property thereon, under such regulations as maybe prescribed by law. And the general assembly shall, from time to time, pasi laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different railroads in this State. I 13. No railroad corporation shall issue any stock or bonds, except for money, labor or property actually received, and ap- plied to the purposes for which such corporation was created ; and all stock dividends, and other fictitious increase of the capi- tal stick or indebtedness of any such corporation, shall be void. The capital stock of m railroad corporation shall be increased for any purpose, except upon giving sixty days' public notice, in such manner as may he provided by law. § 14. The exercise of the power, and the right of eminent do- main shall never be so construed or abridged as to prevent the tak- ing, by the general assembly, of the property and franchises of incorporated companies already organized, and subjecting them to the public necessity the same as of individuals. The right of trial by jury shall be held inviolate in all trials of claims for compensation, when, in the exercise of said right of eminent do- main, any incorporated company shall be interested either for or against the exercise of said right. I 15. The general assembly shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and passenger tariffs on different railroads in this State, and enforce such laws, by adequate penalties, to the extent, if necc-ssary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and franchises. ARTICLE XII. Privilege from .^rreet. Records, Banners and Relies. Exemption from militi.i duty. ? 1. Persons composing the Military. I i. Orxanization—Eq u ipment— Dis- cipline. I 3. Commissions of Officers. ? 1. The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able- bodied male persons, resident in the 8tate, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now are, or here- af"ter may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of this State. § 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform as nearly &i practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States. g 3. All militia oflicers shall be commissioned by the gover- nor, and may hold their commissions for such time as the general assembly mav provide. I 4. The militia shall, in all cases, except treason, feloiiy or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at- tendance at musters and elections, and in going to and returning from the same. 'i, .5. The military records, banners and relics of the State, shall be preserved as an enduring memorial of the patriotism and valor of Illinois, audit shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law for the safe keeping of the same. I C. No ptirson having conscientious scruples against bearing arms, shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace : Provided, such person shall pay an equivilent for such exemp- tion. ARTICLE XIII. WAREHOUSE!?. I 1. What deemed Public Warehouses. 4 -1. Sworn weeltly statements required i 3. Examination of property stored. 'i I. Carriers to deliver fnll Weight. 1.) ;,. Delivery of Grain by Railroado. 1 i;. Powernnd Duty of the Legislature. i 7. Grain Inspection— Protection o( iOG HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ? 1. All elevators or storehouses where grain or other property is stored for a compensation, whether die property stored be kept separate or not, are declared to be -public warehouses. I 2. The owner, lessee or manager of each and every public warehouse situated in any town or city of not less than 100,000 inhabitants, shall make weekly statements under oath, before some officer to be designated by law, and keep the same posted in some conspicuous place in the otlice of such warehouse, and shall also file a copy for public examination in such place as shall be designated by law, which statement shall correctly set forth the amount and grade of each and every kind of grain in such warehouse, together with such other property as may be stored therein, and what warehouse receipts have been issued, and are, at the time of making such statement, outstanding there- for ; and shall, on the copy posted in the warehouse, note daily such changes as may be made in the quantity and grade of grain in such warehouse;" and the different grades of grain shipi^ed in separate lots, shall not be mixed with inferior or superior grades, without the consent of the owner or consignee thereof. I 3. The owners of property stored in any warehouse, or holder of a receipt for the same, shall always be at liberty to examine such property stored, and all the books and records of the ware- house in regard to such property. ? 4. All railroad companies and other common carriers on rail- roads shall weigh or measure grain at points where it is shipped, and receipt for the full amount, and shall be responsible for the delivery of such amount to the owner cr consignee thereof, at the place of destination. g 5. All railroad companies receiving and transporting grain in bulk or otherwise, shall deliver the same to any consignee thereof, or any elevator or public warehouse to which it may be consigned, provided such consignee, or the elevator or public warehouse can be reached by any track owned, leased or used, or which can be used, by such railroad companies ; and all rail- road companies shall permit connections to be made with their track, so that any such consignee, and any public warehouse, coal bank or coal yard, may be reached by the cars on said rail- road. ? 6. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass all necessary laws to prevent the issue of false and fraudulent warehouse receipts, and to give full effect to this article of the constitution, which shall be liberally construed so as to protect producers and shippers. And the enumeration of the remedies iierein named shall not be construed to deny to the general as- sembly the power to prescribe by law sucli other and further remedies as may be found expedient, or to deprive any person of existing common law remedies. I 7. The general assembly shall pass laws for the inspection of grain, for the jirotection of producers, shippers and receivers of grain and produce. ARTICLE Xn^ AMEXDMENTS TO THE COXSTITUTIOX. £ 1. By a Constitutional Convention. 1 § 2. Proposed by the Legislature. I 1. Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of the general assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revise, alter or amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election. If a majority voting at tlie election vote for a convention, the general assembly shall, at the next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the number of the members of the senate, to be elected in the same manner, at the same places, and in the same districts. The general assembly shall, in the act calling the convention, desig- nate the day, hour and place of its meeting, fix the pay of its members and officers, and provide for the payment of the same, together with expenses necessarily incurred by the conventicn in the performance of its duties. Before proceeding, the members sljall take an oath to support the constitution of the United States, and of the State of Illinois, and to faithfully discharge their duties as members of the conventi(m. The qualification of members shall be the same as that of members of the senate, and vacancies occurring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in the general assembly. Said convention shall meet within three months after such election, and prepare such revisions, alterations or amendments of the constitution as shall be deemed necessary, which shall be submitted to the elec- tors for their ratification or rejection, at an election appointed by the convention for that purpose, not less than or more than six months after the adjournment thereof; and unless so submitted and approved by a majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revisions, alterations or amendments shall take effect. ? 2. Amendmenti to this constitution may be proposed in either house of the general assembly, and if the same shall be voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their re- spective journals, and said amendments shall be submitted to the electors of this State for adoption or rejection, at the next elec- tion of members of the general assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be j ub- lished in full at least three months preceding the election, and if a majority of electors voting at said election shall vote for the proposed aniendments, they shall become part of this constitu- tion. But the general assembly shall have no power to propose amendments to more than one article of this constitution at the same session, nor to the same article oftener than once in four years. SEPARATE SECTIONS. Illinois Centrfil Railrsfl'l. Illinois and Michigan Canal. •ipal Subscription to Corpora- No contract, obligation or liability whatever, of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, to pay any money into the State treasury, nor any lien of the State upon, or right to tax property of said" company, in accordance with the provisions of the charter of said company, approved Feb. 10, in the year of our Lord 1851, shall ever be released, suspended, modified, altered, remitted, or in any manner diminished or impaired by legislative or other authority ; and all moneys derived from said company, after the payment of the State debt, shall be appropriated and set apart for the payment of the ordinary expenses of the State govern- ment, and for no other purposes whatever. MrXICIPAL SUBSCKIPTIOXS TO EAILnOAD.S OR PRIVATE COErORA- TlOXiS. No county, city, town, township or other municipality shall ever become subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or private corporation, or make donation to, or loan its credit in aid of such corporation : Provided however, that the adoption of this article shal not be construed as affecting the right of any such munici- palitv ti make such subscriptions where the same have been au- thori"zel, under existing laws, by a vote of the people of such municipalities prior to such adoption. CAXAL. The Illinois and Michigan Canal shall never be sold or leased until the specific proposition for the sale of lease thereof shall have first been submitted to a vote of the ]ieople of the State, at a general election, and have been approved by a majority of all the votes polled at such election. The general assembly shall never loan the credit of the Slate, or make appropriations from the treasury thereof,' in aid of railroads or canals : Provided, that any surplus earnings of any canal may be appropriated for its enlargement or extension. SCHEDULE. g 1. Laws in force remain valid. i i. Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures. I 3. Recognizances, Bonds, Obligations That no inconvenience mav arise from the alterations and amendments made in the constitution of this State and to carry the same into complete eflect. it is liereby ordained and declared : ? 1. That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, and contracts of this State, individuals or bodies corpor- ate, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution had not been adopted. S 2. That all fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due and owing to the State of Illinois under the present constitution and laws, shall inure to the use of the people of the State of Illinois under this constitution. I 3. Recognizances, bonds, obligations, and all other instriinients entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to the people of the State of Illinois, to any State or county officer or public bodv, shall remain binding and valid; and rights and liabilities upo'n the same shall continue, and all crimes and mis- demeanors shall be tried and punished as though no change had been made in the constitution of this State. I 4. County couns for the transaction of county business in I counlies not having adopted township organization, shall continue in existence and exercise their present jurisdiction until the 11 I ? 4. Present county Courts continued ? 5. .\11 existing Courts continued. I i 0. Persons now in Oifice continued. HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 697 board of county commissioners provided ia this constitution is organized in pursuance of an act of tlie general assembly; and the county courts in all other counties shall have the same power and jurisdiction they now possess until otlicrwise provided by general law. I 5. All existing courts which are not in this constitution specially enumerated, shall continue in existence and exercise their preseat jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. § G. All persons now filling any olEce or appointment shall continue in the exercise of the duties thereof according to the^r respective commissions or appointments, unless by this constitu- tion it is otherwise directed. I IS. All laws of the State of Illinois, and all official writings, aud the executive, legislative and judicial proceedings, shall be conducted, preserved and published in no other than the English language. I lO. The general assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this constitution. § 20. The circuit clerks of the diflforent counties having a pop- ulation over sixty thousand, shall continue to be recorders (ex- officio) for their respective counties, under this constitution, until the expiration of their respective terms. I 21. The judges of all courtsof records in Cook County shall, in lieu of any salary provided for in this constitution, receive the compensation now provided by law until the adjournment of the first session of general assembly after the adoption of this con- stitution. § 22. The present judge of the circuit court of Cook county shall continue to hold "the circuit court of Lake county until otherwise provided by law. ? 23. When this constitution shall be adopted, and take effect as the supreme law of the State of Illinois, the two-mill tax pro- vided to be annually assessed and collected upon each dollar's worth of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes, as set forth in article fifteen of the now existing constitution, shall cease to be assessed after the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy. I 24. Nothing contained in this constitmtion shall be so con- strued as to deprive the general assembly ot the power to author- ize the city of Quincy to create any indebtedness for railroad or municipal purposes, for which the people of said city shall have voted, and to which they shall have given, by such vote, their assent, prior to the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine: Provided, that no such indebtedness, so created, shall in any part thereof be paid by the State, or from any State revenue, tax or fund, but the same shall be paid, if at all, by the said city of Quincy alone, and by taxes to he levietcs, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be the President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally di- vided. The Senate shall choose their other ofiicers, and also a Presi- dent pro tempore, in the absence f>f the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the L'nited States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirma- tion. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief .Tuitice shall preside. And no person shall lie convicted without the concurrenee of two- thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and en- joy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment aci^'ording to law. Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each Stat J bv the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law, niake or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall iissemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a diflerent day. Section 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, pun- ish its members for disorderly behaviour, and, with the concur- rence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and n.ays of the members of cither house on any question shall, at the desire of j one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. I Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor j to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. ■ Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all eases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning froni the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the author- ity of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increa-sed during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; hut the Senate may propose or con- cur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representa- tives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the ob- jections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. "if after such recon-sideration two-thirds of that IIou.se shall .agree to pa.ss the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- sidered, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined bv yeas and nays, and the names of the persons vot- ing for anrl asainst the bill" shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, "the same shall be a law, in like man- ner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjourn- ment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Everv order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of Senate "and House of Representatives may be necessarv (cxceiDt on a question of adiournment), shall be presented to the Prcsi- djnt of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall bo approved bv him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representa- tives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 14 600 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Section 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general wel- fare of the United Slates ; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post-ollices and post-roads ; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by secur- ing for limited times to authors anc" inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that US3 shall be for a longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy ; To mxke rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the S3rvice of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia aci^ording to the discipline prescribed by Congress. To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such dis- tricts (not exceeding ten miles square), as may by the cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress become the seat of the g wernment of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legisla- ture of the State in which tlie same shall be, for tlie erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful build- ings; — and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for car- rying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or to any department or officer thereof Section' 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States nowcsisting shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus- pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex-post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in pro- portion to the census, or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to, or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in con- sequence of appropriations niaile by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility sliall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall without the consent of Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. Section 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque or reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, tc^o.'i! facto law, or law impairing the obligation of conti'acts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be ab- solutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. AETICLE II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a Presi- dent of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice Presi- dent chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each State shall appoint, in sucli a manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole num- ber of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Eepresentative, or ])erson holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. [*The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And ihcy shall make a list of all persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they .shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed to the seat of the government of the United Slates, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if thai'c be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a major- ity, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the Presi- dent, the vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose, shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes;'the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.] The Congress may determimc the time of choosing the elect- ors, and the day on "which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of Prcsiclcnt; neither shall any per- s m be eligible to that office who shall not have attained (he age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from offic?, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer .'hall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disa- bilitv be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished dur- ing the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before ho enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnlv swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of mv ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." *This clause witliia brackets lia^ been superseded and aunuUed by tlie XII Amendment. 15 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 601 Sectiox 2. The Presiileiit shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the .United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each" of the Executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for ofience-s against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make tre.ities, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers,^ consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. Tlie President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting com- missions which shall expire at the ind of their weyA sessions. Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measui'cs as he shall judge necessary and ex- pedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithiully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeach- ment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE HI. Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Section 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under tliis Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; — to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls ; — to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; — to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; — to controversies between two or more States ; — bctwe:'n a State and citizens of another state; — between citizens of different States; — between citizens of the same State claiming Ian Is under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. In all cases affe.ting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such ex- ceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where_ the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State the trial shall be at such place or places, as the Congress may by law have directed. Section 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only of levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State And the Congress may by general law prescribe the man- i ner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved and the effect thereof Section 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to the all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State" shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State ; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shallbe so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican form of government and shall pro- tect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Co nstitution, or on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as a part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three- fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification niay be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be madeprior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner 'affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confedera- tion. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of anv State notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all Executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to sujiport this Constitution : but no religious test shall ever be n-quired^ as a qualification to any oflice of public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Convention of nine States shall be suffi- cient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth clay of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independen"e of the United States of America, the twelfth. In Witness Whereof, We have hereunto subscribed our names. . GEO. AVASIIINGTON, Pi-esideM and Deputy from Virginia. 16 602 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J^ew Hampshire. JonxLANGDON, Nicholas Oilman. Massachusetts. Xathaniel Gokham, RuFUS King. Wm. S.vml. Johnson, RoGEK Sherman. Xcio York. Alexander Hamilton. JVew Jersey. AViL. Livingston, Wm. Patterson, David Brearly, Jona. Dayton, Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, Robt. Morris, Tho. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thomas Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouv. Morris. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jacob Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jb. Richard Basset. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jk. Maryland. James M'Henry, Danl. Carrol, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. Attest: North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. South Carolina. J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Chas.Cotesworth Pinckney Pierce Butler. Georgia. William Few, Abr. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. -^=€Se^^<(^9^^ AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Proposed by Congress, and raiijied by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establisliment of rcli:;ion, or prohibiting tho free exercise thereof; or abridging the'^frcc:lom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peacefully to as.?cmble, and to petition the government for a re- dress of grievances. AETICLE II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. Ko soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right the of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon prob- able cause, supported by oath or affirm.ation, and particularly describing the place to bo searched, and the person or things to be soizc'l. ARTICLE Y. No person shall be hold to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment by a Grand Jury, except in cases arising ill the laud or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall anv person be subject for the s.ame offence to be twice put in jeopardy of lifa or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be de- privcfl of life, libertv or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, tho accused shall enioy the right to a speedy and public tri.al, by an impartial jury of the State and district wlieroin the crime shall have been committed, which dis- trict shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cau^e of tho accusation ; to bo con- fronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of tri.al by jury shall be pre- served, .and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States", than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. E.xcessive bails shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- posed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in this Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitu- tion, nor prohibited by it to tlie States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XL The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the LTnited States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President .and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not bo an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballot the person to be voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for .as President, and all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majoritv of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person h.ive such majoritv, tlien from tlic persons having tlie highest number not exceeding three on tho list of those voted for .as President, the House of Representafives sh.all choose im- mediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the Presi- dent, the" vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall con- 17 HISTORY OF MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 603 sist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Hoiise of Representatives shall not choose a President when- ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next followin<;, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Consti- tutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no parson have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two- thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eli- gible to that of Vice 'President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities nf citizens of the United States ; nor shall any . State deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several States according, to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of themale inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way .abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proijortion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office civil or military, under the United States or under any State who, having previously taken oath as Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or com- fort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions .and bounties for suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt of obligation in- curred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss for emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. Section 1. The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 18