THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF ILLINOIS 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 m 
 
 95.79 
 ^5o 
 
 e^wrwfKi^: 
 
WAY 2 
 
 1946 
 
 MAY 18 1946 
 NOV 2 7 1946 
 ■M Z(j 1947 
 
 J1JW9 tgfet 
 juN e-iesB 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 CAENEGIE MUSEUM, 
 
 1901-1904 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 W. J. HOLLAND, Edilor. 
 J. B. HATCHER, Associate Editv 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 Published hy the Autiiokity of the Board ok Tuustbes of XHt 
 
 carnegip: institute. 
 
J 1 -" ^ I 
 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 The first volume of the Memoirs of the C-arnegie Museum is brought to its con- 
 clusion with the publication of Dr. William H. Ashmead's exceedingly important 
 Monograph upon the Chalcidoidea, the descriptive portion of which is based upon 
 the collections made in South America by Mr. Herbert H. Smith, now the property 
 of the Carnegie Museum. No less valuable from a scientific standpoint tlian the 
 concluding paper of the series embodied in this volume are the papt'is of Mr. 
 Hatcher on Paleontology and the Osteological Monograph of Dr. Slmfeldt. 
 
 It is with a feeling of satisfaction that the Editor contemplates the issue in final 
 form of this volume, which marks the initiation in the city of Pittsburgli of an 
 enterprise which is destined to give to it as the years go by an enduring reputation 
 as a center of scientific culture. To the fame of Pittsburgh as the seat of some 
 of the most Cyclopean industries of the age is being added reputation as a seat of 
 learning. Under the cloud of smoke, which attests the industry of her inhabitants, 
 and is the sign of her material prosperity, live men who find their pleasure in ex- 
 ploring the wonders of the material universe, and the record of their discoveries 
 and researches will from year to year be found in the Annals and the Memoii-s of 
 the great Museum which the more tlian princely generosity of Mr. Andrew ( 'ar- 
 negie has called into being. Here ai-e being brought together from all over the 
 globe materials for study illustrating the different arts and sciences, and upon these 
 collections is destined to be built up an extensive literature, which will add to the 
 sum of human knowledge. Among the first fruits of this movement the following 
 pages are found, and they are submitted to the attentive i-egard of students through- 
 out theworld in the confident belief that those who are capable of con-ectly esti- 
 mating the value of such publications will find in them l)otli pleasure and profit. 
 
 W. J. Holland. 
 
 TnK (jARNEfiiE Museum, 
 Marcli 31, 1904. 
 
 5K<i5(»4 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Prefatory Note 
 
 List ok Figures in Text 
 
 List of Plates 
 
 Memoir L Diplodocus Marsli, Its O.steolo.tiV, 'laxononiy, and Pre 
 
 Habits, with a Restoration of the Skeleton'. J. B. Hatcher. 
 
 lished July, 1901) 
 
 Memoir II. Dhgocene Canida*. J. P. Hatcher. (Puhhshed Septe 
 
 1902) . . 
 
 Memoir III. The Osteology of the bteganopodes. \i. W. Shufeldt, 
 
 (Published September, 1902) 
 
 Memoir IV. Monograph of the Chalcidoidea. William H. Asii 
 
 Sc.l). (Published March, 1904) 
 
 Special Ixdkx to Monograi'ii of W. H. Ashmkau 
 General Index to \'olume 
 
 .babl( 
 (Pub. 
 
 ml)er, 
 
 M.I). 
 
 nead. 
 
 1'a(;e. 
 V 
 
 vii 
 ix 
 
 1- (;4 
 
 05-108 
 
 109-224 
 
 225-551 
 533 
 553 
 
TJST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. 
 
 PART I. 
 Fkiikk. Page. 
 
 1. Skull of J>ijj/o<]ocu.s lonf/ux :\Iar.sli 5 
 
 2. Dentary Bone of IHplmlonis Ioikjus 8 
 
 3. Section of Maxillary Bone of JUjJodocus loncjus 9 
 
 4. Atlas of Diplodocus lom/us, Side View 19 
 
 5. Atlas of Diplodocim lonr/m, Front View 19 
 
 6. Axis of DiplodocuH cwnef/ii, Seen from Right Side '20 
 
 7. Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Cervicals of Diplodoem canuyil, Seen from Right Side. . 22 
 
 8. Posterior View of Eleventh Cervical of Dip/odocus carnegil .• 23 
 
 9. Inferior View of Sacrum and Ilia of Diplodocus carner/ii 30 
 
 10. Sacrum and Ilium of Diplodocus hiiffus Marsh, Seen from Below 33 
 
 11. Coossified Caudal Vertebrae of Diplodocua oartiefjfii 3(5 
 
 12. Superior View of Pair of Sternal Bones of Dlp/ndocns cdnurfii 40 
 
 13. Supposed Clavicle of IHplodocua carnaju 41 
 
 14. External View of Right Scapula and Coracoid of Dlplodocm carna/i'i 44 
 
 15. Proximal P]nd of Left Femur o{ Diplodocus cariKyii 4() 
 
 K). Distal End of Left Femur of Diplodocus canuyii 4G 
 
 17. Oblique Internal Front View of I^eft Femur of f)ij>loilocus ciuimjii 47 
 
 18. Proximal End of Right Tibia and Fibula of Diplodocus carneijii 48 
 
 19. Distal End of Right Tibia and Fibula of Diplodocus carne<jii 48 
 
 20. Superior View of Astragalus of Right Pes of Diplodocus canuyii 50 
 
 21. Front View of Right Hind Foot of Diplodocus carnct/ii 51 
 
 22. Front View of Right Hind I''ocit of /Irontosaurus e.rcflsus Marsh 52 
 
 23. Cross-sections of Left Fciiuii' of Diplodocus carnrf/ii 53 
 
 24. Cervical Vcrtel)ra of Dijiloilorus Ioikjus Marsh ■• . 5(5 
 
 P.\RT II. 
 
 1. Skull (.f DaplKnius jVlinus Scott 70 
 
 2. Inferior View of Basieranial Region of Skull oH 'aul.^ J'imdiuris 73 
 
 3. Inferior View of Basieranial Region of Skull of Dopluniux jvlinus 74 
 
 4. Crown View of Right Superior Sectorials of ['roilnpluvnus scullii, Ihtpliunus j'ilinu)<, anil 
 
 ('(hiis Idrjopux 77 
 
 5. Crown View of Right M.s of Dapikmius fclinus 78 
 
 6. Side View of Type of Proamphicyon nchrascensis Hatcher 9() 
 
 7. Crown View of Superior Dentition of Type oi Produipliiri/oii nchrascensis Hatcher 98 
 
via LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT. 
 
 Figure. I'AfiE. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 1. Right Lateral View of the Sktill of I'harthon athcrem 118 
 
 2. Superior View of Mandible of PliaiH/ion aihrrciis 121 
 
 3. Left Lateral View of the Skull, lucluding Mandii)le, of a Specimen of Anhlnr/a anliinf/n . 151 
 
 4. The Same Skull Seen from Above, Mandible Removed 151 
 
 0. Ventral Aspect of the Sternum of Anhinga anhinr/a 160 
 
 6. Left Lateral View of the Same Bone Shown in Fig. 5 160 
 
 7. Anterior Aspect of the oafurcula of Anhinga anhinga 160 
 
 8. Mesial Side of the Scapular End of the Same Bone Shown in Fig. 7 160 
 
 9. Anconal Aspect of Right Humerus of Anhinga anhinga 162 
 
 10. Anterior View of Right Femur of Anhinga anhinga 162 
 
 11. Right Coracoid of Anhinga anhinga 162 
 
 12. Left Lateral View of the Skull of Phalacrocorax vrile 166 
 
 13. Palatal Region of a Young Phalacrocorax wile 167 
 
 14. Dorsal Aspect of Anterior Part of Cranium of a Young Plialacrocora.v urile 167 
 
 15. Lateral Aspect of Beak of a Young Phalacrocorax urile 167 
 
 16. Right Lateral View of Sternum and Bones of the Siioulder-girdle of a Cormorant 
 
 {Phalacrocorax urile) 172 
 
 17. Knee Joint of a Cormorant [Phalacrocorax urile) 174 
 
 1 8. Knee Joint of Phalacrocorax urile, Seen From in Front 1 74 
 
 19. Ventral Aspect of Rostrum of Pallas' Cormorant 177 
 
 20. Lateral Aspect of Rostrum of Pallas' Cormorant 177 
 
 21. Right Ramus of Lower Mandible of Pallas' Cormorant, External Aspect 177 
 
 22. Right Ramus of Lower Mandible, Internal Aspect 177 
 
 23. Right Metacarpals (Pallas' Cormorant) 177 
 
 24. Right Coracoid of Pallas' Cormorant, Ventral Aspect 178 
 
 25. Sternum of Pallas' Cormorant, Ventral Aspect 178 
 
 26. Femur of Pallas' Cormorant Anterior Aspect 178 
 
 27. Tarsus of Pallas' Cormorant, Anterior Aspect 178 
 
 28. Tibia of Pallas' Cormorant, Anterior Aspect 178 
 
 29. Left Lateral Aspect of Pelvis of Pallas' Cormorant 181 
 
 30. Dorsal Aspect of Pelvis of Pallas' Cormorant . 1 '^1 
 
 31. I'Imlacrocorax perspicillatun, Inferior Aspect of Cranium LSI 
 
 32. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus, Left Ramus of Jaw, External Aspect IS4 
 
 33. Phalacrocorax perKpicillatuit, Mandible and Left Palatine External Aspect 1S4 
 
 34. Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Cranium 186 
 
 35. Phiilacrocorax perspicillatus. Cranium 186 
 
 36. Phalacrozorax carbo. Cranium 186 
 
 37. Dorsal Aspect of the Pelvis of Frcgata aquila 209 
 
LIST OF PLATES. 
 
 I. Diagram of Qiuu-ry C. 
 II. Skull oi DiplodocuH lonr/us Marsh. 
 
 III. Cervical Vertebrae of DIplodocuH carna/ii Hatclitr. 
 
 IV. Cervical Series of Dijilodoctm camegii Hatcher. 
 
 V. Anterior View of Cervical Series of Diploducus earnrgii Hatcher. 
 VI. Posterior View of Cervical Series of Diptodocus earnrgii Hatc^licr. 
 VII. Anterior Dorsals of Diplodocm camegii Hatcher. 
 
 VIII. Anterior, Posterior, and Lateral Views of the Anterior Dorsals of Diphdiicm earnrgii 
 Hatcher. 
 IX. Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral Views of Twelve Anterior Caudals of Diij/odoexin ear- 
 nrgii Hatcher. 
 X. Comparative Views of Pelvis of IJiplodoeus and Brontosdnrus. 
 XL Hind Limb and Foot of IJiplodoeus exirncgii Hatcher. 
 XII. Pelvis and Caudal Vertebra of Diplodocus longus Marsh, after Osltorn. 
 . XIII. Restoration of the Skeleton of Diplodocus camegii Hatcher. 
 XIV. Top and Side View of Skull of Daphwnusfdinns Scott. 
 
 XV. Side, Top, and Inferior View of Right Side of Skull of I'rolrmnoei/on iiijUdm Hatclier. 
 XVI. Inferior View of Posterior Portion of Skull of Vynodictin grcgariiis Cope; Left Ramus 
 of DaphcenuH felinm Scott ; Crown View of Right Ramus of rrotemnocyon inflatvAs 
 Hatcher; Crown View of Right Ramus of Daphwnua frlinm Scott; Inferior View 
 of Left Side of Skull of Daphanm frlinus Scott. 
 XVII. Vertebrje of Daphceiim felinus Scott. 
 XVIII. Mesosterni of DapliwnmfdinmSaoU, Seen from Above ; ()s I'enis of Ciinodieti.sgrrgtirlu.s 
 Cope; Os Penis of Da phwnm frlinm Scott; Axis of Protnanoei/on injlidus Hatcher; 
 Superior View of Atlas of Same ; Left Side of Third Cervicjil of Same ; Front View 
 of IJight Hind Knot of Ihiphnmis fr/itni.s Scott ; Front View of Hight Fore Foot of 
 Same. 
 XIX. Limb Bones of Dui>/i,nii(s fr/itiux Scott. 
 XX. Mounted Skeleton of J>aj,l,uni(s frlinus ^ott. 
 
 XXI. Dorsal Aspect of the Pelvis of I'lotux Irvuikanfi ; Basal View of tlic Skull of Pborthon 
 a-thrrem ; Superior Aspect of the Skull of Pharlhon faviroxtris; Skeleton of the Left 
 Foot of /"'yrf/ff/rt (iqiii/a : Ventral View of the Sternum of /V(«;7/(o/i (r/Ar/riw ; Left 
 Lateral Aspect of the Trunk Skeleton of P/metlion flavirostrlx. 
 XXII. Right Lateral View of the Skull and Mandible of Sidu go.sui ; Basal View of Same 
 Skull ; Basal View of the Skull of »S'«/« brrirdrri. 
 
Plate. 
 
 XXIII. Superior A-spect of Skull of Said r/o-ssi ; Superior Aspect (jf Skull of Sii/,t hrvwderi ; 
 
 Left Lateral View of Trunk Skeleton of Sulci ffossi. 
 
 XXIV. Left hatera.] Yiew of SknW o( Plialncrocorax pelafflcun ro/jiistas ,• Left Lateral View 
 
 o{ Phalacrocorax albiventris ; Left Lateral View of Skull of Fluikicroroid.r luilc ; 
 Basal View of Skull of Phalacrocorax melnnoleucus ; Left Lateral View of Skull 
 and Mandible of Phalacrocorax dilojylms ; Superior Aspect of Skull of Palacrocorax 
 J). 7-ohuisttM ; Superior of Skull of Pluilacrocorax dilophus; Superior Aspect of Skull 
 of Phahtcrocorax tnelanoleucus ; Superior Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax albiventris. 
 XXV. Dorsal View of Trunk Skeleton of Phalacrocorax urile; Left Lateral View of Trunk 
 Skeleton of Phalacrocorax urile. 
 
 XXVI. Aiiconal Aspect of Right Carpo-metacarpus of Fregata aquila; Left Lateral View of 
 Skull of Phalacrocorax mdanoleucus ; Auconal Aspect of Proximal Phalanx of the 
 Medius Digit of the Manus of Right Pectoral Limb of PVef/afa aquila ; Basal Aspect 
 of Skull of Phalacrocorax dilophus ; Basal Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax p. 
 robustus; Basal Aspect of Skull of Phalacrocorax albivevtris; Dorsal Aspect of 
 Sternum and Os Furcula of Phalacrocorax albiventris. 
 XXVII. Anconal Aspect, Right LTlna, Pelecanus shurpei; Anterior Aspect, Left Femur, 
 Pelecanus sharpei; Anterior Aspect of the Left Tibio-tarsus, Pelecanus sharpei; 
 Palmar Aspect of Left Humerus, Pelecanus sharpei; Basal View of Skull of 
 Pelecanus fuscu^-i ; Basal View of Skull of Pelecanus sharpei ; Left Lateral View of 
 Skull of Pelecanus sharpei ; Anterior Aspect of Right Coracoid of Pelecanus sliarpei ; 
 Anconal Aspect of Left Carpo-metacarpus, Pelecanus sharpei; Superior View of 
 Skull of Pelecanus fuseus ; Superior View of Mandible of Pelecanus fuscus. 
 XXVIII. Dorsal Aspect of Sternum and Coossified Os Furcula of Pelecanus sharpei; Palmar 
 Aspect of Left Pectoral Limb of Phalacrocorax urile ; Inner Aspect of Right Pelvic 
 Limb of Phalacrocorax urile. 
 
 XXIX. Skull, Including Mandible, of Frajata (npiila (No. 1S,4S5, Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 
 XXX. Ventral Aspect of Pelvis of Pelecanus sharpei; Ventral Aspect of Sternum and 
 Shoulder-girdle of Fretjuta aquila ; Left Lateral Aspect of Sternum of Fregata aquila. 
 
 XXXI.-XXXIX. Figures of Xew Genera and Species of Chalcidoidca, described by William 
 H. Ashmead. 
 
Publicatiom of the Carneyie Mmemu. Serial. No. 21. 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OV THU 
 
 CAENEGIE MUSEUM. 
 
 Vol. I. No. 4. 
 
 W. J. HOLLAND, Pji.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Kkitor. 
 J. B. Hatchek, Ph.B., Associate P^ditok. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 
 
 OK THE 
 
 SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA, 
 
 WITH DESCUIPTIONS OF 
 
 NEW SPECIES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, 
 
 COLLECTED IN SOUTH AMERICA BY 
 
 HERBERT H. SMITH. 
 
 By WILLIAM HARRIS A8HMEAD, A.M., Sc.D., 
 
 ASSISTANT Curator, U. S. National Museum. 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 Published by the Authority of the Boarp of Trustef.s of thk 
 
 CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. 
 
 January, 1904. 
 
 For sale by Messrs. Win. Wesley it .Son, 28 Elssex St., Strand, London, England ; Mes-irs. li. Friedhcnder n. .Sohn, 
 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 0, GeriuaQy ; and at the Carnegie Museum, Sohenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. / 
 
THIS VOLUME 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO 
 
 DR. ('ARL W. VON DALLA TORRE 
 
 THE EMINENT BOTANIST AND HYMENOPTERIST, PROFESSOE IN THE 
 UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, WHO, IN THE COMPILATION OF 
 "CATALOGUS HYMESOPTERORUM," HAS DONE SO 
 MUCH FOR WORKING H YMENOPTERISTS 
 
 THE AUTHOR 
 Washington, D. C, January, 1904 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Dedication iii 
 
 Errata and Corrigenda x 
 
 Introduction 22") 
 
 Part I. Classification of the Ciialcid Flies, or tlie Siiporfaniily ( 'liuloidoidea 220 
 
 Table of Families 22(i 
 
 Family LX. Agaonidse 2.31 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 232 
 
 Subfamily I. Agaoninie 232 
 
 Table of Genera 233 
 
 Subfamily II. Sycopbagiuie 234 
 
 Table of Genera 23-5 
 
 Family LXI. Torymidte 23.') 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 23t! 
 
 Subfamily I. Idarniuje 237 
 
 Table of (ienera 237 
 
 Subfamily II. Toryminje 241 
 
 Table of Genera 241 
 
 Subfamily III. Monodontomeriiue 242 
 
 Table of Genera 242 
 
 Subfamily IV. Podagrioninai 244 
 
 Table of Genera 244 
 
 Subfamily V. Megastigmiua; 244 
 
 Table of Genera 244 
 
 Subfamily VI. Ormyriuse 245 
 
 Table of (jJenera 245 
 
 Family LXII. Chalcidid;e 246 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 246 
 
 Subfamily I. Leucospidina^ 246 
 
 Table of Genera 247 
 
 Subfamily IT. Chalcidince 247 
 
 Table of Tribes 248 
 
 Tribe I. Chalcidini 248 
 
 Table of Genera 248 
 
 Table II. Smicrini 250 
 
 Table of Genera 2.50 
 
 Tribe III. Chalcitellini 254 
 
 Table of Genera 254 
 
 Tribe IV. Haltichellini 254 
 
 Table of Genera 254 
 
TABLE OF fONTENTS 
 
 Tribe Y. Dirliinini 2')! 
 
 Tabic of (Jencra 2o7 
 
 Family LXIII. Eurytomidfe 257 
 
 fable of Tribes 258 
 
 Tribe I. Axiraini 258 
 
 Table of Genera 258 
 
 Tribe II. Isosomiiii 259 
 
 Table of Genera 259 
 
 Tribe III. Eurytomini 260 
 
 Table of Genera 261 
 
 Tribe IV. Rileyini 263 
 
 Table of Genera 264 
 
 Table V. Decatomini 265 
 
 Table of Genera 265 
 
 Family LXIV. PerilampicLe 265 
 
 Table of Genera '. 266 
 
 Family LX V. Eucharida; 266 
 
 Table of Genera 267 
 
 Family LXVI. Miscogasteridie 270 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 271 
 
 Subfamily I. Pirenime 271 
 
 Table of Genera 271 
 
 Subfamily II. Tridyminae 272 
 
 Table of Tribes 273 
 
 Tribe I. Tridymini 273 
 
 Table of Genera 273 
 
 Tribe II. Metastenini 275 
 
 Table of Genera 275 
 
 Subfamily III. Miscogasterinse 276 
 
 Table of Tribes 277 
 
 Tribe I. Haltioopterini 277 
 
 Table of Genera 277 
 
 Tribe II. Miscogasterini 278 
 
 Table of Genera 278 
 
 Subfamily IV. Lelapina; 279 
 
 Table of Genera 279 
 
 Family LXVII. Cleonymida; 280 
 
 Table of Subfomilies 280 
 
 Subfamily I. Chalcedectiiife 281 
 
 Table of Genera 281 
 
 Subfamily II. Cleouyminae 282 
 
 Table of Genera 282 
 
 Subfamily III. Pelecinellinie 285 
 
 Subfamily IV. Golotrecbninie 285 
 
 Family LX VIII. Encyrtidse 286 
 
 fable of Subfamilies 286 
 
TAI5LK OF CONTENTS VII 
 
 Subfamily I. Eiipelmiiiip 287 
 
 Table of Tribes 287 
 
 Tribe I. Eupclmini 287 
 
 Table of Genera 2S7 
 
 Tribe II. Tauaostif^mini 2!n 
 
 Table of Genera 201 
 
 Subfamily II. Eneyrtinre 2!l2 
 
 Table of Tribes 292 
 
 Tribe I. Ectromini 2!l2 
 
 Table of Genera 2!i;? 
 
 Tribe II. Encyrtini 2!»7 
 
 Table of Genera 2f)7 
 
 Tribe III. Mirini 298 
 
 Table of Genera 298 
 
 Tribe IV. Arrhenopbagini 311 
 
 Table of Genera .'511 
 
 Subfamily III. Signiphorimc 311 
 
 Family LXIX. Pteromalidis 311 
 
 fable of Subfamilies 312 
 
 Subfamily I. Pteromaliua; 312 
 
 Table of Tribes 313 
 
 Tribe I. Metaponini -"i 1 3 
 
 Table of Genera 313 
 
 Tribe II. Raphitelini 31 ."> 
 
 Table of Genera 315 
 
 Tribe III. Eutelini 317 
 
 Table of Genera 317 
 
 Tribe IV. Pteromalini 3.1 8 
 
 Table of Genera 318 
 
 Subfamily II. Merisinte 318 
 
 Table of Tribes 322 
 
 Tribe I. Roptrocerini 322 
 
 Table of Genera 323 
 
 Tribe II. Merisini 323 
 
 Table of Genera 323 
 
 Tribe III. Isoplatiui 324 
 
 Table of Genera 324 
 
 Subfamily III. Eunotinie 325 
 
 Table of Genera 325 
 
 Subfamily IV. Sphegigasterinaj 327 
 
 Table of Tribes 327 
 
 Tribe I. Asaphini 327 
 
 Table of Genera 327 
 
 Tribe II. Pachyneuriiii 329 
 
 Table of Genera 329 
 
 Tribe III. Sphegigasterini 330 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Tal)le of Genera 330 
 
 Tribe lY. C'ratomini 332 
 
 Table of Genera 332 
 
 Subfamily lY. Spalangiina? 333 
 
 Table of Genera 3.')3 
 
 Subfamil)^ Y. Dipariuie 334 
 
 Table of Genera 334 
 
 Family LXX. Elasmidfe 335 
 
 Table of Genera 335 
 
 Family LXXI. Eulophiilie 336 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 337 
 
 Subfamily I. Entedoninte 337 
 
 Table of Tribes 337 
 
 Tribe I. Tetracampini 337 
 
 Table of Genera 338 
 
 Tribe II. Omphalini 338 
 
 Table of Genera 339 
 
 Tribe III. Entedonini 340 
 
 Table (if Genera 340 
 
 Tribe I Y. Pediobiini 343 
 
 Subfamily II. Apheliuina? 344 
 
 Table of Tribes .-US 
 
 Tribe I. Aphelinini 345 
 
 Table of Gene-a 345 
 
 Tribe II. Pteroptricini 347 
 
 Table of Genera 347 
 
 Subfamily Til. Tetrastiehinte 347 
 
 Table of Tribes 347 
 
 Tribe I. Ceratoneurini 347 
 
 Tribe II. Tetrasticliini 347 
 
 Table of Genera 348 
 
 Subfamily lY. Elachertinte 350 
 
 Table of Tribes 351 
 
 Tribe I. Euplectrini 351 
 
 Table of Genera 351 
 
 Tribe II. Ophelinini 352 
 
 Table of Genera .352 
 
 Tribe III. Elachertini ; 354 
 
 Table or Genera 354 
 
 Subfamily Y. Eulophina; 355 
 
 Table of Tribes 356 
 
 Tribe I. i:uloi)hini 356 
 
 Table of (ienera 356 
 
 Tribe II. Hemiptarsenini 358 
 
 Table of Genera 358 
 
 Family LXXII. Tricliogrammidse 358 
 
TABLK OF C'ONTI'.NTS IX 
 
 Table of Subfamilies 'A'/J 
 
 Subfamily I. Oligositina- .-JoO 
 
 Table of Genera 859 
 
 Subfamily II. Tridiograuiuiiuiu ."560 
 
 Table of Genera .-JdO 
 
 Family LXXIII. Mymaridte :•,(;] 
 
 fable of Subfamilies :)r>-2 
 
 Subfamily I. Gonatoeerime '.U')'2 
 
 Table of Tribes :}62 
 
 Trii)e I. Ooctonini .'562 
 
 Table of Genera .'502 
 
 Tribe II. Gonatocerini ."'.02 
 
 Table of Genera .•;(;2 
 
 Subfamily II. Myniariiiie ."SO;! 
 
 Table of Tribes :5(;:5 
 
 Tribe I. Anaphini :W-i 
 
 Table of Genera 3f)3 
 
 Tribe II. Mymarini 'M'.] 
 
 Table of ( Jenera '.W'.] 
 
 Genera unknown to author and ikiI elassiiiid 3()4 
 
 Genera incorrectly placed with ( 'halcidoidea ;Ui4 
 
 Literature and Abbreviations 522 
 
 Bibliography of genera al])habftically arranged .')G5 
 
 Part II. South American C'lialcidoidca .'UM 
 
 Family LX. Agaonidic ;3y4 
 
 Family I^XI. Torymida; 395 
 
 Family LXII. Ghalcididic. 402 
 
 Family LXIII. Kiirytomidio' 458 
 
 Family i^XIV. J'erilampidic 467 
 
 Family I^XV. Eucharidie 4(i7 
 
 Family I^X^'I. Miscogasterida' 474 
 
 Family LXVI I. C'leonymida-; 483 
 
 Family I.XVII I. Encyrtid.-r. 486 
 
 Family LXIX. Ptcromalidtu . 497 
 
 Family LXX. Elasmida; 502 
 
 Family LXXI. Eulophidse 503 
 
 Family LXXII. Trichogrammida- 521 
 
 Family LXXII I. Mymaridre 521 
 
 Literature 522 
 
 Special Index 533 
 
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. 
 Page 240, line 27, Otetewlla sliould read Otitcxdla. 
 Page 254, line 30, Anacryptiia should read Aiuicri/jthiy. 
 Page 201, line 43, Prodecohina sliould read ProihrdlmiKi. 
 Page 2!t3, line 40, (type Pha;w,hx,-nH) should read /'li<i,i<„l!srus. 
 Page 297, line 7, Tetracnemoidm Axlimaiil should ivad 'nirdnirmoliku Jloiianl. 
 Page 318, line 7, Xasonia Ashwood sliould n ad Xnsiniiti Ashniead. 
 Page 335, line 33, Australia should nad Australian. 
 Page 330, line 20, Roudani should read Rondani. 
 Page 342, line 2, Asecodas should read Asecodcu. 
 Page 347, line 3, Tetrastechinse should read Tetrastichinse. 
 Page 355, line 7, Sfcnoiuesioldca should read Slciioinrsioidcua. 
 Page 3(}2, line 9, Abdomen petiolate should read abdomen .sessile or sub.sessile. 
 Page 3(M, line 38, DiplalepiH should read J)lp/()(rj>is. 
 
 Page 365, line 1, (= Merjadtymm Dalmaii) shoidd read (= Mei/((spi/iifi AVestwooil). 
 Page 371, line 13, (= KriechbaimencUa Dalla Torre) should read (= KriivlihdununHd). 
 Page 373, line 31, Enarrjopdtc should read Euan/opcltc. 
 
 Page 377, line 32, (type //. dicliroiis Thomson) sliould read (typo If. nh/rr Ashuua.l). 
 Page 380, line 5, Li/iinwuon shoidd read Li/iiiiucdii. 
 Page 389, line 15, (type .Va/ra Aslim.) should read mcllca. 
 Page 400, line 19, P/rsl,,si;,/nii)diis should rrad Pledodigmodes. 
 
 Page 496, line 7, I'dniici/r/iis />r(i.'<i/i(ii.sis sp. nov. should read I'dimcyrlnn hrani/iciisifi Ashmead 
 Page 502, line 14, Subfamily V. should read Subfamily IV. 
 Page 505, line 6, vertlcellatuK shovdd read vcr(icillati(s. 
 Page 537, line 14, Diiiniioctid should read Diniiiiocl:!". 
 
 NOTE BY THE AUTH()]{. 
 
 Some pages of my MS. were lost, either in transmitting or in the printing oflicc, and .so 
 speeies in the Index do not appear in the body of this work. These are : 
 
 Decatoma icquirumulis Mayr, I). hrcrirdiiniHx Mayr, I), /niii/irdiiiiili.s Mayr, Splhir/itilcis mismi 
 Walk., Ceratosmicra Jiava Ashmead, and < '. Kochlri Ashni. 
 
 To the Bibliography of the Genera shoukl be added : 
 Aptkrolklai'S Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I., 1901, ]>. .")i2 (type .1. n'Kjrinpx Aslmi.). 
 Aseiba Cameron ( = Cerchysius Westw. tcufe Howard), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., ISSil, p. 1 
 Bruchobius a. sh mead, gen. nov., ante, p. 314 (type B. laticeps Ashm.). 
 Neocatolacccs A.shmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 320 (type Catolaceus tylodernise Ashm.). 
 Nkolei-AI'S Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I., 1901, p. 312 (type N. huwaiien.sis Ashm.). 
 Paekardiella Ashniead, u. ii. fbr I'teratomus Paekard, ante, p. 364 (type Pteratomus ptitiia 
 
 Paek.). 
 Tetraenemoidea Howard, Proe. U. S. Natl. Mus., XXI., 1 898, p. 2:'.:', (tyi)e T. australiei 
 
 Howard). 
 Westwoodella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, j). 359 (type < Hiijoxita mbfaxciddi Westw.). 
 Xanthoatomus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante p. 360 (ty])e A', alblpcn Ashm.). 
 
MEMOIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 OAENEGIE MUSEUM. 
 
 VOL. I. NO. 4. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUPEKFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA. 
 
 By Wm. Harris Ashmead, A. M. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 About fourteen years ago Mr. Herbert H. Smith placed in ray hands for study 
 part of his extensive collection of South American parasitic Hymenoptera, repre- 
 senting the old families Proctotrypidfe, Cynipidse and Chalcididse. The collection was 
 a valuable one and when I took it I confidently expected to find time to finish with 
 it within two or three years ; but so much other material Avas thrust upon me for 
 study that I found it a physical impossibility to do it justice in that length of time ; 
 only a few short papers on it have been published. The work accomplished during 
 these past fourteeen years has I think fully demonstrated that I have not been idle, 
 ray knowledge of the groups, genera, and species of the Hymenoptera has greatly 
 increased and broadened, and I now feel better able to do justice to the splendid col- 
 lection received so many years ago. 
 
 The Herbert H. Smith collection of insects, made in South America, repre- 
 senting nearly all orders, has been acquired by the Carnegie Museum, Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., and much to my regret, the many fine species, except a set of dupli- 
 cates in my hands, and which 1 had always hoped might be secured by the 
 National Museum, must go to that Museum. Dr. W. J. Holland, the Director 
 of the Carnegie Museum, desires now that I complete my work as soon as pos- 
 sible and return the material in my possession. In acceding to this request I 
 have stipulated that he publish my classification of the chalcid-flies, or the Super- 
 family Chalcidoidea, as a part of this work, and it is through his liberality that 
 I am able to give so many fine illustrations and present in a more attractive form 
 my ideas on the cla.ssification of another great complex in the Order Hymenoptera. 
 
 225 
 
226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEfJIE MUSEUM 
 
 The Prodotrypoidea] and Cynipoxdca in the coUeetioia will be described in another 
 paper. 
 
 In this contribution I have restricted myself to elucidating the chalcid-flies and 
 have divided it into two parts. The first part is devoted to a classification of the 
 superfamily Chalcidoidea ; the second part deals with the South American Chalci- 
 doidea. In this latter part, besides my report upon the Herbert H. Smith c(j1 lection, 
 the descriptions of the new genera and species, is given a complete bibliographical 
 catalogue of all the known South American species. 
 
 PART I. CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID-FLIES, OR THE 
 SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA. 
 
 Among the ten great groups or superfamilies of the Hymenoptera, recognized by 
 the author, there is none so large numerically, more important economically, or so 
 difficult to study and classify as the superfamily Chalcidoidea or the Chalcid-flies. 
 The species exist everywhere not by hundreds, but by thousands and millions, and 
 they are probably of far greater importance, from an economic standpoint, than are 
 the Ichneumonoidea or ichneumon-flies. 
 
 Only a few of them, comparatively speaking, are in any sense injurious, a single 
 minor group, the tribe Isosomini, in the family Eurytomidte, alone being injurious 
 to vegetation. All the others, except the fig-insects forming the family Agaonidse, 
 the Megastigminas, a subfamily in the Torymidse, and some few hyperparasitic 
 genera in different families, being genuine parasites and beneficial to man. It is 
 true, however, that some of the chalcid-flies destroy a few beneficial insects, but the 
 vast majority of the known species destroy mostly the injurious species in the 
 other orders, i. e., the Coleoptera, the Lepidoptera, the Diptera, the Rhynchota, 
 etc.; they attack the eggs, the larvje, and the pupte, and in some cases even the 
 imagoes of their hosts, and their value to many great industries of the world cannot 
 easily be estimated. Who, for example, can estimate the value of the fig-insects to 
 the fig industry of the United States ? Through the efforts of Dr. L. 0. Howard 
 and Mr. W. T. Swingle, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the caprifier of the 
 Smyrna fig, Blustophaga j)senes Linne {grossomm Gravenhorst), has been successfully 
 introduced into the fig-orchards of California, and the experiments already made 
 fully demonstrate the great value this little chalcid-fl}^ has to the fig industry. It 
 is evidently destined to revolutionize fig-growing in the United States, making it 
 exceedingly profitable, and, on account of the superiority of the American-grown 
 
ASHJIEAD : CLASSIFICATION OV THE CHALCID FLIES 227 
 
 Smyrna fig jx^lk-nized by these Chalcid-flies, will in time diminish the impor- 
 tation of the Smyrna fig. The Me(jastiyin:une too, I suspect, are like the fig- 
 insects, and will he found to be of great importance as pollenizers of various plants 
 and trees. 
 
 At present the known genera and species of the ( "halcidoidea are considerably 
 less in number than are the Ichneumonoidea recently classified by the writer; but 
 this is due simply to the fact that the literature on the subject, in various languages, 
 is widely scattered, in many foreign journals, magazines, proceedings of learned 
 societies, etc., and the minute size of most of the species and the difficulty of their 
 study, have deterred entomologists from giving them any attention. Only a little 
 over 5,000 species have been described. 
 
 If we look back for a century and a half we find comparatively few who have given 
 much attention to these " atoms of creation," and of these a few names only stand 
 out conspicuously as students of this great complex. The study of the group began 
 about one hundred and fifty years ago with Linnaeus in Sweden and with GeofiVoy 
 in France. Linne, or Linnaeus, in his Systema Natura, tenth edition, published in 
 1758, described several species under his genera Ichneumon, Cynips, Sphex, etc. 
 Others took up their study, and an interest in them Avas aroused in Sweden, Austria, 
 Germany, France, Italy, and England. In Sweden, besides Ijinne, Swederus, Fabri- 
 cius, Zetterstedt, Dalman, Boheman, Dahlbom and Thomson did much valuable 
 work in the group ; in Germany, Klug, Nees von Esenbeck, Bouche, Ratzeburg, and 
 Forster — the last mentioned, the greatest systematic worker in the group; in Austria, 
 Reinhard and Mayr; in Russia, Motschulsky ; in France, Geotfroy, Latreille, Fons- 
 colombe, Perty, Guerin, Giraud, Sichel, and Andre ; in Italy, Spinola and Rondani ; 
 in England, Curtis, Haliday, Westwood, Walker, Saunders, Kirby, and Cameron ; 
 and in America, Say, Fitch, Cresson, Walsh, Riley, Frovancher, Howard, and Ash- 
 mead. A few others might be mentioned, but those specified are the ones whose 
 nanies stand out prominently as adding materially to our knowledge of the group 
 during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 
 
 For years I have been studying this great complex and in the following pages 
 have attempted to define the families, subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the world. 
 The work has been a gigantic and most laborious one, necessitating the microscopic 
 examination of many th9usands of these minute creatures ; but if it shall be found 
 that I have brought some order into their classification, that I shall excite an 
 interest in the collecting of the many thousands still unknown, and that I shall 
 stimulate others to study them, my time has not been wasted and I shall be amply 
 repaid. 
 
228 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 SuPERFAMiLY VII. CHALCIDOIDEA. 
 1758. Cynips, Linne (partim), Syst. nat., Ed. 10", I., p. 343. 
 1802-05. Diplolepaires, Familie soixante deuxieme (partim) Latreille, Hist. Nat. 
 
 Crust, et Ins., XIII., p. 198. 
 1802-05. Cynipseres, Familie soixante-troisieme (partim), opus, cit., p. 211. 
 1809. DiploleparisB, Familiaquinta (partim) Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins., III., p. 15. 
 1809. Cynipsera, Familia sexta (partim) Latreille, opus, cit., supra, p. 21. 
 1811. Diploleparia, Familia (partim) Spinola, Ann. du Mus. Natur., XVIL, p. 138. 
 1S20. Pteromalini, Familia (partim) Dalman, Kongl. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand!., p. 
 
 132. 
 1825. Chalcidites, Quatrieme Tribu (partim) Latreille, Fam. Natur. d. Regne anim., 
 
 p. 446. 
 1830. Chalcida, Family, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., IX., p. 144. 
 1840. Chalcididfe, Family, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., p. 154. 
 1846. Chalcidites, Order, Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 1. 
 1856. Chalcidite, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 1-90. 
 1875. Fteromalidte, Familia, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 3. 
 1877. Chalcidita, Tribe 4, Forster, Ueber den Syst. Werth d. Fliigelg. bei d. Hym., 
 
 p. 19. 
 1886. Chalcididae, Family, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 197. 
 1897. Chalcidoidea, Superfamily VII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
 
 p. 243. 
 
 TABLE OF FAMILIES. 
 
 1. Hiiid wings exceedingly uairow, linear, pedunculate at base ; ovipositor issuing from beneath just anterior 
 
 to tip of abdomen ; antennae without a ring-joint, the scape rather small, short, compressed 12 
 
 I Hind wings never very narrow, nor linear, not pedunculate at base ; ovipositor issuing far anterior to 
 the tip of abdomen ; antennse elbowed, with 1, 2, or 3 ring-joints, very rarely without, the scape 
 large and rather long 2 
 
 2. Axillae triangularly produced or advanced forward into the basal region of the scapulie, their base or 
 
 anterior margin on or in advance of an imaginary line drawn from tegula to tegula ; anterior tibial 
 
 spur most frequently small or weak ; tarsi 3-4-jointed, rarely 5-jointed or heteromerous 10 
 
 Axillfe normal, or at least never produced forward into the basal region of the scapulae, their base or 
 anterior margin straight and always back of an imaginary line drawn from tegula to tegula ; 
 anterior tibial spur large and strong ; tarsi 5-jointed (rarely 4-jointed, or 3- or 4-jointed in some 
 wingless males) 3 
 
 3. Head in ? oblong, with a deep, broad longitudinal furrow above, the occipital margin superiorly, 
 
 usually with a small recurved tubercle or spine at its middle ; mandibles or palpi most frequently 
 furnished with saw-like appendages ; anterior and posterior legs very stout, their tibiie very much 
 shorter than their femora, the middle legs very slender, sometimes aborted ; hypoi>ygium very 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCII) FLIES 229 
 
 prominent, acute, cultriform or lanceolate ; ovipositor long, prominently exserted ; ^ always 
 apterous, the head anteriorly with a deep triangular fovea, in which are placed the short 3-9-jointed 
 antennae ; the abdomen in the c? 's broadly sessile, long and tubular, thickened at base, or 
 
 broadened apically with a tubercle or filament at each apical angle Family LX. AgaoniDvE. 
 
 Head rarely oblong and quite differently formed, never with a deep broad longitudinal furrow above, 
 most frequently transverse, or subquadrate, the occipital margin never with a small recurved spine ; 
 mandibles and palpi without saw-like appendages ; middle legs not especially slender, the anterior 
 and posterior legs are often stout, but their tibia; are always longer, at least never shorter than 
 their femora ; hypopygium rarely very prominent ; cf most freiiuently winged, rarely apterous ; in 
 the latter case the abdomen is normal, not long and tubular. 
 
 Mesopleura large, entire, without a femoral furrow, except occasionally in some males, the 
 ^ mes'i&pisterirUm large, triangular, not extending to base of front coxie ; middle tibial spur 
 
 saltatorial, most frequently long and stout, or dilated at base 8 
 
 Mesopleura always with a femoral furrow or impression, the inescpisterhhin variable, rarely 
 large, except in the Cleonymidm, most frequently small, wedge-shaped, or linear and extend- 
 ing to base of front coxa; ; if largeand triangular, either the auterior or the posterior femora 
 are mucrh swollen ; middle tibial spur not saltatorial, usually short or weak, never very stout. 
 Hind tibiie with 2 apical spurs, rarely with 1 only ; In the latter case the radius termi- 
 nates in a large, rounded stigma, the ovipositor very long 4 
 
 Hind tibite with 1 apical spur ; ovipositor rarely long ; if long the stigma is small 9 
 
 Mandible%i falcate, usually with 1 or 2 teeth within ; thorax most frequently very gibbous, the 
 scutellum usually very large, often abuormally developed, elevated and produced posteriorly, the 
 axilliB connate, not distinctly separated from the surrounding surface and broadly united along 
 
 their inner margins 6 
 
 Mandibles usually 3-4-dentate at apex, rarely falcate, with 1 or 2 teetli within ; thorax not, or very 
 slightly, gibbous, the axilhe distinctly separate, their inner margins most fiecpiently widely 
 separated, very rarely touching. 
 
 Hind coxie rarely much larger than the anterior coxse, most frequently smaller or equal ; if 
 much larger, the pronotum is elongate, mesepisternum large, the hind legs very long, the 
 
 postmarginal vein very long ; ovipositor very rarely prominent. .' 5 
 
 Hind coxie very large and long, usually five or six times larger than the anterior cox;e. 
 
 Hind coxaj subtriquetrous, or at least compressed into a shaii) ridge above ; hind femora 
 rarely very much swollen, aud most frequently simple, rarely with one large tooth or den- 
 ticulate beneath ; hind tibia usually straight ; abdomen most frequently subcompressed 
 (more rarely depressed), with a long ovipositor ; if without au exserted ovipositor, the 
 abdomen is conical or conic-ovate with a peculiar sculpture, the radius (stigmal vein) 
 
 usually very short, the hind tibia; at apex normal Family LXI. Torymid^e. ^ 
 
 Hind coxa; usually very long and subcylindrical ; hind femora always much swollen and 
 most frequently armed with teeth beneath or finely serrated, rarely without teeth ; 
 hind tibia; strongly curved and obliquely truncateiy produced at apex, so that the tarsi 
 seem to be attached a little before tips ; abdomen of various shapes, most frequently 
 conical or conic-ovate, more rarely globose, or oblong-oval, the ovipositor very rarely 
 
 prominent ; radius variable, rarely very short Family LXII. Chalciuid-k. 
 
 Pronotum rarely transverse quadrate, conical or coiiically produced anteriorly, or very short, trans- 
 verse linear, aud very much narrowed medially, rarely as wide as the mesonotum 7 
 
 :.u.>.i. 
 
230 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Pronotum large, quadrate or transverse quadrate, never very short, if somewhat shortened always as 
 wide as the mesonotum. 
 
 Pronotum quadrate or subquadrate ; abdomen in $ not triangulated, either globose, ovate, conic- 
 ovate or lanceolate and compressed or subcompressed, the hypopygium most frequently 
 prominent plowshare-shaped ; second doreal segment never very large ; mandibles not strong, 
 
 most fi-equently 4-dentate Family LXIII. Eueytomid^. 
 
 Pronotum shorter, more transverse and as wide as the mesonotum ; abdomen in ? most frequently 
 triangulated, or globose, the second and third segments occupying most of the dorsal surface, 
 the following very short and more or less retracted within the third ; hypopygium not 
 
 prominent ; mandibles 2- or 3-dentate at apex Family LXIV. Perilampid^. 
 
 G. Second abdominal segment very large and most frequently enclosing the following ; coxse not large, 
 subglobose, nearly equal ; all legs very slender ; radius scarcely developed, its stigma sessile or sub- 
 sessile Family LXV. Eucharid.e. 
 
 7. Mesepisternum not large, triangular ; anterior femora never much swollen, the posterior femora also 
 
 normal or only slightly swollen ; marginal vein in hind wings usually long, the costal cell not reach- 
 ing to the booklets or spinulje and most frequently very narrow ; radius well developed. 
 
 Family LXVI. Miscogasterid^. 
 
 Mesepisternum large, triangular ; either the anterior or the posterior femora are much swollen and 
 
 sometimes toothed, or both are swollen with the hind femora toothed ; if with slender legs, the hind 
 
 legs are very long, their coxse long, cylindrical, while the radius (stigmal vein) in front wings is 
 
 verj' short, with the postmarginal vein very long extending to the apex of the wing {Pelecinella). 
 
 Family LXVII. Cleoxymid^. 
 
 8. Mesonotum either depressed, with more or less distinct parapsidal furrows, the scapulae longitudinally 
 
 ridged, or convex or subconvex, entirely without furrows, rarely convex with distinct furrows ; 
 axillie most frequently meeting at inner basal angles, rarely very widelj' separated. 
 
 Family LXVIII. Encyrtid.e. 
 
 9. Mesonotum subconvex with incomplete or complete parapsidal furrows ; hind coxse rarely much larger 
 
 than the front coxse ; axiilse separated, not meeting at inner basal angles ; mesepisternum usually 
 small, wedge-shaped or triangular ; hind wings with a long marginal vein ; mandibles usually stout, 
 3- or 4-dentate at apex Family LXIX. Pterom alid^e. 
 
 10. Hind coxse normal ; mesopleura impressed 11 
 
 Hind coxse abnormally large and dilated, their femora flat or compressed ; tarsi very long ; mesopleura 
 
 entire, not impressed ; marginal vein in front wings most frequently extraordinarily lengthened, the 
 radius very short, scarcely dilated ; mesonotum without furrows Family LXX. Elasmid^. 
 
 11. Tarsi 4-5-jointed, rarely heteromerous ; anterior wings not short and broad, with the pubescence 
 
 normal , marginal and radial veins normal ; postmarginal vein often wanting ; mesonotum with 
 
 complete or incomplete furrows Family LXXI. Eulophid^e. 
 
 Tarsi 3-jointed ; anterior wings short and broad, broadly rounded at apex with the pubescences most 
 frequently arranged in rows, more rarely normally pubescent ; marginal and radial veins united in 
 the form of a strongly curved line n Family LXXII. TrichogrammiDjE. 
 
 12. Pronotum usually large, rounded, or conically produced anteriorly ; wings always with a long 
 
 marginal fringe, nearly veinless and always without a radius (stigmal vein), the marginal vein most 
 frequently reduced to a mere dot ; antennae in 9 most frequently terminating in a distinct fusiform 
 or egg-shaped solid club, more rarely with a 2-jointed club ; tarsi 4-5-jointed. 
 
 Familv LXXIII. Mymarid-e. 
 
ASHMEAD : OLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALf'in FLIES 231 
 
 Family LX. AGAONIDyE. 
 1846. Agaonid*, Family G (partim) Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 23. 
 1856. Agaonoidaj, Familie (S. descrip.) Forster, Hym. Stud., II., p. 29. 
 1871. Agaonidfe, Family (partim) Walker, Notes on Chalc, Ft. IV., p. 58. 
 1867. Blastophagidte, Familia, Kirchnei-, Cat. Hym. Eur., p. 188. 
 1882. CynipidPB, Sycophagides, Division 1, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 20. 
 1897. Agaonidse, Family LX., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 243. 
 
 This family is one of the most striking and remarkable of any in the super- 
 family Chalcidoidea. It is based ui)on the genus Ayaotb Dalman, established in 
 1818, from a specimen taken in Sierra Leone, Africa. 
 
 The species composing this family, on account of their habits, curious forms, and 
 the diversity of structure in the sexes, were long a puzzle to the ablest and most astute 
 of the European hymenopterologists, but it is now definitely settled that they form 
 a component of this great complex. Sir Sidney Saunders, as late as 1883, placed 
 them as a division with the family Cynipidts. In my opinion, however, they have 
 little in common with the Cynipoidea, and I concur with Walker, Westwood, and 
 Mayr, in believing them a component of this major group. 
 
 Mr. Francis Walker, an Englishman, was the first to give the group family rank ; 
 but, as is the case with most of his families, he never properly defined or character- 
 ized it, and merely lumped together a miscellaneous lot of insects obtained from figs, 
 and called them a family — the Agaonidie. His ideas of the family were extremely 
 vague and indefinite, and he placed in it many foi-ms with which they had no 
 relationship. 
 
 In 1871, Walker, in speaking of them said: "The Agaonidse appear as yet 
 chiefly in thi-ee aspects, and in three different regions. The first region is the 
 Mauritius, where they have been discovered by the researches of Dr. Coquerel. 
 The three species figured are said to be 'condemned to eternal darkness' in the 
 central regions of figs. These figs are the fruit of Firna h rr<i(j< iki and are luilit for 
 human food. Dr. Coquerel found the three species {Apocrijpta pm-wJoxa, A. perple.ni 
 and Sycocriipta caeca) in abundance in the interior of these figs, together with great 
 numbers of a fourth species, which he named Chalchf explorator and which he 
 believed to be parasitic on the other three species. Di'. Coquerel thought he saw 
 an affinity between them and certain Bethylids, Scleroderma contractor, etc." 
 
 Walker thought they had more connection with certain South American and 
 Australian Thynnidx. He says: "Scleroderma seems to have more affinity with 
 Ty}ihl()jKi lie, the worker of Laliidiis, and with Dlvhllnidiii (//nix rrindi, \\\e suj>posed 
 female of Dorylaa; and thereby the multitudinous tiibc of ants wIiosl' (■coiiuniy is 
 
232 MEMOIRS OF TITK CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 SO reinarka1)le, emerges from blind and radical ApocrypUc and Sijcocrupkc, the per- 
 petual dwellers in the interior of figs." " But the affinity of these two genera to the 
 Chalcidix is more evident and appears by several connecting links in the Agaonidx; 
 and thus the near relation to the general ancestors of the thousands and perhaps 
 tens of thousands of the Chalcidiaj species, the trilje being considered in unity, are 
 cradled in figs." 
 
 Our knowledge of fig-insects, within the past twenty-five years, has been very 
 greatly augmented by the studies of Prof. John O. Westwood and Sir Sidney Saun- 
 ders, of England, Dr. Gustav Mayr, of Vienna, Austria, Dr. Paul Mayer, of the 
 Naples Station, Italy, and ray own studies on some Florida, Mexican and West 
 Indies species, so that to-day sufficient forms are known in both sexes to enable me 
 to segregate, define and place in their proper groups, the miscellaneous insects 
 known as fig-insects. 
 
 In this work I have restricted the Agaonidx to the caprifiers, or true fig-insects, 
 chalcid-fiies that live in and pollenize, or fructify, fig-trees. 
 
 The others, heretofore classified with them, belong elsewhere, in three or four 
 different families, and are either inquilinous or genuine parasites. Some, the vast 
 majority, belong to the Tonjmhhe, while others belong to the Chalcididx, 3Iiscogas- 
 teridee, Pteromalidse, etc. 
 
 All fig-trees, in a wild state, are dioecious and wherever fig-trees grow, principally 
 in tropical and semi-tropical countries, there also will be found fig-insects, for these 
 microscopic creatures are essential to their pollenization. 
 
 Undoubtedly, judging from the great number of fig-trees known to botanists, 
 many genera and hundreds of species still remain unknown to us. 
 
 Among the genuine fig-insects, two well-marked subfamilies may be distin- 
 guished, separable by the aid of the following table : 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 Abdomen in 9 subcompressed, the ovipositor prominent, the mandibles with an appendage, usually ser- 
 rate ; males apterous, the abdomen long, narrowed towards apex and curving beneath the thorax. 
 
 Subfamily I. AGAONlNiE. 
 
 Abdomen in ? subcompressed, the ovipositor prominent, the mandibles without an appendage, the palpi 
 sometimes with an appendage ; otherwise similar to the Agaoninse ; males apterous, the abdomen broad- 
 ened towards apex, narrowed towards the base, and with a tubercle or long filament at each apical 
 angle Subfamily II. SycoPHAGiNiE. 
 
 Subfamily I. Agaonin.e. 
 1883. Cynipidca3, Division I., Sycophagides (partim), Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. 
 London, 1883, p. 20. 
 
ASHMEyVD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCIl) FLIES 233 
 
 The males in this subfamily are easily distinguished from those in the next by 
 the shape of the abdomen, which is always long and tubular, narrowed toward apex 
 and never broadened at apex as in the Si/cophagimv. It is also more flexible and is 
 usually curved or bent forward under the thorax. 
 
 The females are more difficult to separate and, althtnigh with practice one can 
 detect a difference in cephalic characters, almost impossible to define, the only reli- 
 able character to separate them from those in the other subfamily is tlie mandibular 
 appendage, which is usually finely serrate. In tlie ^ijcophaijiinv the mandibles are 
 always without an appendage. 
 
 The known genera falling in this group may be easily recognized by the us(; of 
 the following table : 
 
 TABLE OF OENEKA. 
 
 1. Females, always winged 2 
 
 Males, always apterous 10 
 
 2. AnteniiiB with the third or fourth joint with a ilistinct process 3 
 
 AntennsB without a joint with a distinct proces 9 
 
 3. Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins fully deveU)pcd, or at the most with 
 
 the postmarginal vein absent 4 
 
 Front wings without marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins. 
 
 Head oblong, about li times as long as wide ; antennse 11-jointed, thickened toward ape.x. 
 
 Eupristina Saunders (type E. masonii Saund.). 
 
 4 Postmarginal vein present 5 
 
 Postmarginal vein absent 7 
 
 5. Antennae 11 or 12-jointed 6 
 
 AntennfB 10-jointed, the last five joints enlarged Kradibia Saunders (type A', coiraitii Saunders). 
 
 6. Head not very long, quadrate or nearly so 8 
 
 Head oblong, or very long, from 2* to 3 times as long as wide, tlie facial channel narrow ; mandibles at 
 
 apex bidentate ; antennjE 11-jointed Pleistodontes Saunders (type P. imperialis Saunders). 
 
 7. Head quadrate or nearly, only a little narrower in front than behind ; stigmal vein usually a little 
 
 longer than the marginal Eisenia Ashmead gen. nov. (type E. mexicana Ashm.). 
 
 8. Seventh abdominal segment on each side with a .small rounded or at most oval spiracular fovea. 
 
 Blastophagus Gravenhorst (type Cynipa pscnes Linn^). 
 Seventh abdominal segment on each side witli an itoiniule, disk-sliaped, spiracular fovea. 
 
 Ceratosolens Mayr (type C. appendiculalus Mayr). 
 
 9. Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins wanting ; head trapezoidal, a little 
 
 longer than wide ; antennae 11-jointed, not thickened towards apex, the joints smooth ; middle legs 
 
 very minute or subobsolete Tetrapus Mayr (type T. americanus Mayr). 
 
 Front wings with the marginal, stigmal and po.stmarginal veins present ; head oblong, 24 times as 
 long as wide; antennje (?) 12-jointed, the scape large, triangularly dilated, the funicle slender, 
 filiform, the club abruptly enlarged, 3-jointed ; mandibles 3-dentate ; thorax bidentate at each side. 
 
 Agaon Dalman (type A. paradoxum Dalm.). 
 10. Head anteriorly ivith a large, deep, triangular fovea. 
 
 Ba.sal part of antennse enclosed in a canal 11 
 
 Basal part of antenna; 7iot enclosed in a canal 12 
 
234 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 11. Front tarsi 2-jointed, the front and hind femora stout and more or less compressed ; eyes very small 
 
 or wanting Ceratosolens Jlayr. 
 
 12. Front tarsi 2- to 5-jointed, not reposing in a sulcus at the tip of the front tibiae 13 
 
 Front tarsi 1-jointed, reposing in a sulcus at the tip of the front tibiie ; claws small, almo.st straight. 
 
 Legs four, the middle pair aborted ; antennse 3-jointed, compressed ; head and thorax subquadrate. 
 
 Tetrapus Mayr. 
 
 13. The usually large anteunal fovea terminates posteriorly in a narrow or broad longitudinal slit ; if it 
 
 does not, then the transverse oval anteunal fovea does not extend to the middle of the head 14 
 
 14. Body somewhat narrow ; anteunse 3- to 6-jointed. 
 
 Front tarsi 2 or 3-jointed 16 
 
 Front tarsi 5-jointed. 
 
 Thorax in outline trapezoidal ; antennte 6-jointed, with 3 ring-joints. 
 
 Pleistodontes Saunders. 
 
 Thorax not so shaped, either bell-shaped or ellip.soidal, antennai 3- to 6-joiuted 15 
 
 15. Thorax not oblong, in outline either ellipsoidal or bell-shaped ; antennse 3- to 6-jointed. 
 
 Thorax ellipsoidal, slightly contracted at the sides before the middle ; antennse 6-jointed, with 
 
 with one ring-joint and a 2-jointed club Kradibia Saunders. 
 
 Thorax bell-shaped; antennae 3- or 4-jointed, with one ring-joint Eupristina Saunders. 
 
 16. Head about twice as long as wide ; front tarsi 2-jointed ; antennje 6-jointed Ceratosolens Mayr. 
 
 Head not or scarcely longer than wide, at the most not more than one and one half times as long as 
 
 wide ; front tarsi 3-jointed ; antennae 3-jointed. 
 
 Head a little wider than long ; tarsi of hind legs very long, more than twice longer than their 
 
 tibiae Blastophaga Gravenhorst. 
 
 Head usually a little longer than wide, never wider than long ; tarsi of hind legs short, not or 
 only a little longer than tibiae Eisenia Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 Subfamily II. Sycoph.agix.e. 
 1883. Cynipidse, Division II., Aploastomata, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 
 1883, p. 20. 
 
 Tliis group was first correctly separated by Sir Sidney Saunders, who designated 
 it as Division II., Aploastomata, in the family Cynipidie. It has, however, nothing 
 to do Avith the Cynipidse, but forms a natural group of the genuine fig-insects. At 
 present no species is known outside of the Asiatic and African faunae. 
 
 The females belonging to the group are distinguished from those in the pre\ious 
 subfamily principally by the absence of mandibular appendages. The head, how- 
 ever, is also somewhat differently shaped, being flatter, with a broader frontal sul- 
 cus and no hook-like tubercle on the middle of the occiput, while the a]>domen 
 is more depressed and the ventral valve is not prominent. 
 
 The males are more ea.sily recognized, being quite different from those in the 
 Agaonhifc and the wingless males in the Torymvlie. The head is very long and 
 narrow, while the abdomen is long^ sessile, and gradually broadened towards apex, 
 each lateral apical angle being furnished with a tubercle, or a long, thread-like organ. 
 
asumead: classification of thk chalcid flip:s 235 
 
 The genus I'hitijscajxi Motschulsky I do not know, Imt, judging from Mot- 
 schulsky's description, it seems to be one of these insects, and I liave included it in 
 my table with the hope that it may be rediscovered, and its proper position in our 
 system definitely settled. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Postmarginal vein obsolete or nearly ; maxillary palpi with rows of teeth along the under side 3 
 
 Postmarginal vein well developed, longer than Ihe stigmal vein ; maxillary jialpi without rows of teeth 
 
 beneath. 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, of which the second is rather large ; liind tibiie with 
 
 rows of comb-like teeth at apex ; stigmal vein not short Sycophaga Westwood 
 
 (type Cynips sycomori HasseUiuist). 
 Antenna- 9-jointed {teste Motschulsky) ; hind tiljia' normal ; stigmal vein short. 
 
 Platyscapa MotschuLsky (type P. frontalis Motsch.). 
 
 3. Antenme 11-jointed ; hind tibia' without rows of teeth at apex Crossogaster Mayr 
 
 (type C. triform is Mayr). 
 
 4. Apterous 5 
 
 Winged. 
 
 Postmarginal vein subobsolete ; head w'ith a large, deep triangular fovea anteriorly that extends 
 posteriorly to the middle of the head ; antenme 11-jointed Crossogaster Mayr. 
 
 5. Head oblong, without a deep triangular fovea anteriorly ; antennfe 3-jointed 6 
 
 Head nearly quadrate, a little wider than long, with a deep, triangular fovea anteriorly. 
 
 Antennae 8-jointed, the scape thick, depressed ; body broad Crossogaster Mayr. 
 
 6. Scape of antennae about as broad as long ; mandibles broad, 3-jointed ; tarsal joints 2-4 wider than 
 
 long ; abdomen terminating in two long filaments, one on each apical angle... Sycophaga Westwood. 
 Scape of antennai long, subclavate, more than twice longer than thick ; mandibles conical, without 
 teeth ; tarsal joints 2-4, not wider than long ; abdomen not terminating in two long filaments. 
 
 Apocrypta Coquerel (type A. perpleia Coquerel). 
 
 Family LXI. TORYMID/E. 
 1833. Torymida', Family II. (partim) Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 115. 
 184G. Torymidie, Family I., Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 14. 
 1848. Torymidffi, Family I., Walker, opus, cit, II., p. 100. 
 1856. Torymoidaj, Familie XL, Forster, Hyra. Stud., II., pp. 19, 23 and 43. 
 1875. Torymina, Tribus (partim) Thomson, Hyni. Skand., IV., pp. 11 and 59. 
 1886. Toryminte, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1897. Torymidte, Family XLL, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. See. Washington, IV., p. 243. 
 This is a very large and most interesting family, approaching nearest, on one 
 side, to the genuine fig-insects (Agaonid*) ; on the other side exhibiting affinities 
 that ally it to the Chulclduhv, and some forms in the Misnx/dstcridir and the I'Uru- 
 malidie. 
 
236 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSETTM 
 
 Many of tlie genera, especially in my subfamily Iduridnx, were included by 
 Walker, Westwood and Mayr, among the Agaonidx, a position not tenable. The 
 genus Podagrion Spinola, too, on account of the swollen and dentate hind femora 
 was placed by Mayr, Howard and others with the Ghakididse. The swollen and 
 dentate hind femora, although of great taxonomic importance, in themselves should 
 not alone be depended upon to place genera and species. Many genera and species 
 are now known with such femora that unquestionably belong to other families. In 
 the family Cleonymidte there is a whole subfamily Avith such hind femora and it 
 would be absurd and most unnatural to classify it with the Chahididx on that ac- 
 count alone. 
 
 In establishing families many characters must be carefully considered, weighed 
 and analyzed, and we should not be led astray by superficial resemblances or b}' 
 characters common to many groups. 
 
 Six fairly well defined subfamilies have l)een recognized. 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 1. Mesotlioracic furrows not well defined, the scapulae therefore scarcely or indistinctly separated ; abdo- 
 
 men in 9 conically pointed, the ovipositor not exserted 6 
 
 Mesotboracic furrows distinctly defined, the scapulae therefore well separated ; ovipositor always 
 prominently exserted, most frequently very long 2 
 
 2. Hind tibise with only one apical spur 5 
 
 Hind tibiie with two apical spurs. 
 
 Posterior margin of the mesepisternnm incised beyond the middle ; metepimeron curved, dilated 
 above the apex ; posterior femora simple, neither armed with a tooth nor serrate 3 
 
 Posterior margin of the mesepisternnm entire ; posterior femora rarely simple, more or less 
 swollen, serrate or armed with one or two teeth beneath, sometimes much swollen and armed 
 with several teeth beneath 4 
 
 3. Stigmal vein always long ; abdomen usually more or less depressed ; if subcompressed the hyjiopygium 
 
 is large and prominent ; males frequently apterous, the head usually oblong, with a triangular fovea 
 anteriorly in which lie the antennae ; abdomen short, never tubularly lengthened. 
 
 Subfamily I. Idarnin^. 
 
 Stigmal vein very short, the knob of same being sessile or subsessile ; abdomen usually subcompressed, 
 
 the hypopygium not prominent ; males most frequently winged ; if apterous, the head not oblong 
 
 and without a triangular fovea anteriorly Subfamily II. Toeymin^. 
 
 4. Hind femora not much swollen, as long as their tibiae, beneath feebly serrate or armed with one or two 
 
 teeth beyond the middle towards apex, their tibiaj straight ; 'fcietanotiinJ' usually with a median 
 carina, coarsely rugulose or punctate ; stigmal vein not long, but still longer than in the Torijminx, 
 
 oblique and clavate Subfamily III. Monodontomerin^. 
 
 Hind femora much swollen and armed with from four to cli/lit teeth, their tibiae arcuate ; metanotum 
 with a A-sluiped carina ; stigmal vein sliort, the knob subsessile, similar to the Torijmlnie. 
 
 Subfamily IV. PoDAGRiONiNiE. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 237 
 
 5. Stigmal vein in front wings terminating in a large rounded or dilated knob or stignia, the basal 
 
 nervure distinct, straight Subfamily V. Megastigmin.k. 
 
 6. Abdomen in ? conic-ovate or produced at apex, in (^ oblong, usually with a peculiar sculpture in both 
 
 sexes, the middle segments most frequently with transverse rows of pits or rounded punctures ; 
 stigmal vein very short Subfamily VI. Ormyrin^. 
 
 Subfamily I. iDARNiNiE. 
 1846. Agaoiiida;, Family 6 (partim), Walker, List Chalc. Brit. INliiseum, I., p. 23. 
 1897. Idarninaj, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 235. 
 
 All of the species composing this subfemily are found associated with the genuine 
 fig-insects ; they are either inquilinous or genuine parasites, as is the case in the 
 Cynipidx and the Etirjjtomuhe, and in at least another group in the Torymidaj, i. e., 
 the ^ fejast igmimi'. 
 
 The group comes nearest to the subfamily Toryminie, agreeing with it closely in 
 cephalic and thoracic characters, and in having two apical spurs on the hind tibi* ; 
 but here the resemblance ceases, and it is easily separated by the difference in vena- 
 tion, shape of abdomen, etc. 
 
 The males are most frequently apterous, the head being long or oblong, with a 
 triangular fovea anteriorly in which lie the antennae, a character also found in the 
 Agaonidse ; but the abdomen is short and never tubularly lengthened nor broadened 
 at the apex, as in that family. 
 
 The females agree somewhat with the Agaonidx in venation, but differ decidedly 
 in cephalic, mandibular, and abdominal characters, the abdomen being either de- 
 pressed, imthout a prominent ventral valve, or subcompressed with a prominent 
 ventral valve, with a long ovipositor. From the Toryminx they are at once distin- 
 guished by the long stigmal vein and the different shape of the abdomen. 
 
 TABLE OF GEXERA. 
 
 1. Females 1 
 
 Males 16 
 
 2. Abdomen normal, the last two segments not tubular 2 
 
 Abdomen abnormal, the last two segments very narrow and produced into a kind of tube or tail, the 
 
 ovipositor very long 3 
 
 3. Antennje 10-jointed. 4 
 
 AntenniB 13-jointed, with three ring-joints; mesonotum witli distinct parapsidal furrows. 
 
 Seventh abdominal segment very long, longer than the preceding segments united ; scape of 
 
 antennffi scarcely thrice the length of the pedicel Philotrypesis Forster. 
 
 (type Cynips caricve Hasselq.). 
 
 Seventh abdominal segment hardly as long as the preceding segments united ; scape of antennie 
 long, about four times as long as the pedicel Sycoscaptella Westw. (type S. affinia Westw.). 
 
 4. Prothorax long, conical ; metathorax long ; legs short and .-itout, the front femora incrassated. 
 
 Polanisa Walker (type/rfarnes transiens Walk.). 
 
238 MKMOIKS OF THE f'ARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 5. Scutellum«o/ flat, usually convex or at least subconvex, and usually, but not always, without longitudinal 
 
 grooved lines C 
 
 Scutellum flat and broad, quadrate, with Hvo longitudinal grooved lines. 
 
 Metallic ; flagellum filiform, the joints of the funicle at least twice as long as thick ; ocelli ob- 
 tusely triangularly arranged Idarnes Walker (type I. carme Walker). 
 
 Non-metallic ; flagellum subelavate, the joints of the flagellum not or scarcely longer than 
 
 thick ; ocelli arranged nearly in a straight line Koebelea Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type A', auslraliensis Ashm.). 
 
 6. Ovipositor shorter than the body and sometimes not at all prominent ' 11 
 
 Ovipositor longer than the body ; funicle of antennse 5-jointed 7 
 
 7. Abdomen with the ventral segments normal, not widened downwards 8 
 
 Abdomen with the ventral segments wideJied downwards. 
 
 Hypopygium very prominent, plowshare shaped ; antennre 12-jointed, with 2 ring-joints. 
 
 Goniogaster JIayr (type G. variiconiis Mayr). 
 
 8. Mesothoracic furrows distinct, complete 9 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows not distinct, wanting posteriorly. 
 
 AntenniB 11-jointed, with one ring-joint inserted much nearer to the front margin of the bead 
 than to the middle ; stigmal vein long, nearly three fourths the length of the marginal, 
 
 Sycoryctes Mayr (type S. patellaris Mayr). 
 
 9. Autennte 12-jointed or less 10 
 
 Antennte 13-jointed, with three ring-joints inserted at an equal distance between the middle and the 
 
 front margin of the head ; stigmal vein less than one third the length of the marginal. 
 
 Trichaulus Mayr (type T. versicolor Mayr). 
 
 10. Antennte 12-jointed with one ring-joint; stigmal vein about half the length of the marginal. 
 
 Apocryptophagus Ashmead, g. nov. (tj'pe Chakis '? explorator Coquerel). 
 
 Antennae 9-joinied (teste Motschulsky) ; abdomen elliptic, much depressed, the ovipositor twice the 
 
 length of the body Platyneura Motschulsky (type P. testacea Motsch.). 
 
 11. Postmargiual vein distinct, always present 12 
 
 Postmarginal vein wanting or never well developed 14 
 
 12. Ovipositor hidden 15 
 
 Ovipositor always prominent or exserted 13 
 
 13. Antennse 12-jointed with two ring-joints, the funicle 5-jointed, inseited near the clypeus, the joints of 
 
 the flagellum fluted ; body metallic ; ovipositor about as long as the thorax and abdomen united 
 or a little longer, and thickened towards apex. Colyostichus Mayr (type ? C. longicaudis 
 
 jMayr, rf Heteradrivm longipes Mayr). 
 Antennie 11-jointed with one ring-joint, the funicle 5-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the joints of the 
 funicle hardly longer than thick ; ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdomen, gradually thick- 
 ened towards apex. Heterandrium Mayr (type c? S. biannulatum Mayr, $ Colyostichns brevicaudis 
 
 Mayr). 
 
 14. Scutellum with two longitudinal grooved Hues, the axillse widely separated ; ovipositor a little shorter 
 
 than the abdomen Sycophila Walker (type S. decaiomoides Walk.). 
 
 Scutellum luithout grooved lines, the axilhe nearly uniting at base of scutellum ; ovipositor only 
 slightly projecting Froggattia Ashmead, g. nov. (type F. polita Ashm.). 
 
 15. Mesothoracic' fui rows indistinct, never complete ; antennic 9-jointed. 
 
 Micranisa Walker (type Idarnes pteromaloides Walk.), 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSII'ICATION OF THE (HALCIU I'LIES 239 
 
 16. Tarsi 5-jointed 17 
 
 Tarsi 3- or 4-jointed 31 
 
 17. Apterous or with rudimentary wings 18 
 
 Winged 34 
 
 18. Antennfe inserted on the anterior margin of the head or far below its middle ; clypeus not extending 
 
 to the middle of the inner margin of eyes 1 "J 
 
 Antennae inserted on the middle of the face 30 
 
 19. Head anteriorly with a large, deep, triangular fovea from which originate the antennrc 20 
 
 Head anteriorly without such a fovea ; wings entirely absent, not represented by filaments 2.5 
 
 20. Wings represented by two pairs of thread-like filaments 21 
 
 Wings repre.sented by one pair of thread-like filaments or by bristles 22 
 
 21 Head oblong, not or scarcely wider than the thorax, the eyes minute ; antennas separated by a sharp 
 
 carina ; hind tarsi with the first joint dilated Philotrypesis Forster. 
 
 Head large, oblong, .slightly narrowed anteriorly, the liiiid niarfjiii simuite, the hind angles rounded, 
 setose ; antennae 8- or 9-jointed with 1 ring-joint, the scape large, davate ; mandibles large, [lorrect, 
 curved, acute and entire at apex, but within, 3-dentate. 
 
 Tetranemopteryx A.shmead, g. nov. {tyite Sycoseajder J,-Kelosa Westw.). 
 
 22. Head oblong, the hind angles rounded, not acute 23 
 
 Head oblong-quadrate, the hind angles acutely produced, not rounded 24 
 
 23. Head large, oblong, broader than the thorax ; antenna; 10-joiuted, with 1 ring-joint inserted close 
 
 together near the front margin of the head ; mandibles porrect, stout and curved, the tips acute, 
 
 entire, the inner margin with a tooth behind the middle Sycoscapter Westwood 
 
 (type iS'. insignis Westw.). 
 
 Head oblong-quadrate, sinuate posteriorly ; antcnnte 8- or 'J-jointed, without a ring-joint, inserted close 
 
 together near the mouth ; mandibles porrect, falcate, the tips bidentate, the inner margin with a 
 
 tooth near the base Sycoscapteridea Ashmead, g. nov. (type Sycoscapter monilifer). 
 
 24. Head oblong, the sides anteriorly nearly straight, the front angles rounded, the hind angles acutely 
 
 produced ; antenna; 8-joiuted (or 9-jointed with 1 ring-joint), inserted close together near the mouth ; 
 mandibles small, falcate, entire; wings represented by short filaments. 
 
 Sycoscapterella Ashmead, g. nov. (type Syam-aptcr anguliceps Westw.). 
 
 25. AntenuiE shorter, at the most 9-jointed, the joints closely united, inserted further from each other than 
 
 to the sides of the head, most frequently with only 4 or .') free joints 26 
 
 Antennae longer, 10- or 11-jointed, with only the last three joints closely united, inserted near or not 
 far away from the mouth border -~ 
 
 26. Head between the clypeus and the sides concave ; mandibles bidentate ; lal)iuni and paliii wanting, in 
 
 place is a membranous tube; antenn;e conipose<l of 4 free joints, of which the thinl is small, 
 
 annular, transparent and membranous Idarnes Walker. 
 
 Head between the clypeus and side flat ; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; labium and labial palpi present, 
 the palpi 1-jointed ; tibiae short, closely and thickly spinous ; antennas with 4 or 5 free joints. 
 
 Head depressed, wider than long, but not perfectly flat, more or less triangular, the angles 
 
 rounded Trichaulus M:iyr. 
 
 Head perfectly flat, longer than wide, trapezoidal ; mandibles broad, 4-dentato within ; 
 antennae .5-jointed, the scape flat, dilated towards apex Koebelea Ashmead. 
 
 27. Hea<l more or less depressed ; tarei 5-jointed, the basal joint of hind tarsi often much compressed and 
 
 with very long bristles. 
 
240 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Hind tarsi much longer than their tibine, the basal joint long 28 
 
 Hind tarsi not longer than their tibia?, the basal joint short 29 
 
 28. First joint of flagellum smaller than the second; mandibles bidentate ; hind tibiaj with several very 
 
 long bristles, the first joint two thirds the length of the tibia Colyostichus Mayr. 
 
 First joint of flagellum much longer than the second ; mandibles unidentate at apex ; hind tibise with- 
 out long bristles Sycoryctes Mayr. 
 
 29. First joint of the flagellum only a little longer than the second and not much longer than thick ; man, 
 
 dibles very long, strong and toothed within ; hind tibiie with short stifl" bristles ; all joints of tarsi 
 slender ; pronotum very large, quadrate, larger than the meso- and metanotum united. 
 
 Goniogaster Mayr. 
 
 30. Head large, sinuate anteriorly and posteriorly, and also with the lateral margins posteriorly incised so 
 
 as to form a tooth just before the hind angles ; wings represented by a pair of thread-like filaments ; 
 antennte lO-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, inserted widely apart or laterly close to the eyes, the scape 
 very large, dilated, quadrate above, rounded basally, and beneath at base deeply incised ; mandibles 
 robust, triangular, curved, the tips bifid, within towards base produced and tridentate. 
 
 Sycobiella Westwood (type S. gaundersii Westw.). 
 
 Head large, transverse ellipsoidal, sinuate anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, the hind angles rounded ; 
 
 wings entirely wanting ; antennae 9-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, inserted on the middle of the face. 
 
 much nearer together than to the inner margin of the eyes, the scape very large, dilated, clavate ; 
 
 mandibles long, porrect, the tips bidentate, dilated towards base, the dilation being tridentate. 
 
 Walkerella Westwood (type W. timeraria Westw.). 
 
 31. Tarsi 4-jointed ; wings represented by thread-like filaments 32 
 
 Tarsi 3-jointed ; wings wanting 33 
 
 32. Head oblong-quadrate, emarginate or sinuate anteriorly and posteriorly ; ocelli absent ; antennifiS-or 
 
 9-jointed, without a ring-joint, inserted far above the middle of the face, the scape large, dilated, 
 clavate ; mandibles large, porrect, nearly as long as the head, curved, the tips bifid, the inner 
 margin armed with a tooth near the middle or sometimes truncate. 
 
 Otetesella Westwood (type 0. digitata Westw.). 
 
 33. Antennae 9- to 11-jointed (the club sometimes 3 joints), with one ring-joint, shorter than the head and 
 
 inserted close together near the mouth, the scape large, depressed, subclavate; mandibles small, 
 acute, slightly curved, withoutieeVa within Sycoscaptella Westwood (type S. affinis Westw.). 
 
 34. Postmarginal vein distinct, well developed 35 
 
 Postmarginal vein wanting or but slightly developed 39 
 
 35 Second joint of the funicle not shorter than the first 36 
 
 Second joint of the funicle very short, annular, much shorter than the first. 
 
 Antennse 12-jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; pronotum long Colyostichus Mayr. 
 
 36. Antennse 11-12-jointed, with 1 or 2 ring-joints, inserted much nearer to the moutli than to the middle 
 
 of the head, the funicle 5-jointed 37 
 
 Antenna} 13-jointed, inserted below the middle of the head, the furrows in the joints of the flagellum 
 not ending in little teeth 38 
 
 37. Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; mandibles not long, falcate, 2- or 3-dentate ; antennae 11- 
 
 12-jointed, the club not much thicker than the funicle ; pronotum subquadrate, a little wider at the 
 middle than before or behind ; scutellum large, subconvex, the parapsidal furrows very fine, but 
 distinct Colyostichus Mayr. 
 
ashmkad: classification ok tiik chalcid kliks 241 
 
 Postmarginal vein nol longer than tlie stignial ; mandibles very long, falcate, biilentate at apex ; antenna- 
 11-jointed ; pronotum very long, rounded in front ; seutellum the 
 
 parapsidal furrows di.stinct Sycobia Walker (type S. betlnjloidcs Walk.). 
 
 38. Stigmal vein rather short, less than one third the length of the marginal ; antenna; 13-jointed, with 2 
 
 ring-joints and a 6-jointed funicle Trichaulus Mayr. 
 
 39. Antennae 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; mesouotum with distinct parapsidal furrows. 
 
 Pronotum quadrate, a little narrower than the mesonotum ; seutellum with two grooved lines ; 
 abdomen oval, subdepressed, much shorter than the thorax, briefly petiolate, and terminating 
 in an e.xserted penal sheath Sycophila Westwood. 
 
 Pronotum large, rounded anteriorly: seutellum »(7/io»/ grooved lines: alxlonien compressed, 
 shorter than the thora.x Froggattia Ashmoad 
 
 Su];famii,v II. Toi!v.\fiN.i:. 
 1840. Pteronialides, Subfamily (partini) \\'e.st\voo(l, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 
 
 Synop., p. 67. 
 1846. Torymidte, Family 4 (partim) Walker, List. Chalcid. Brit. INIusoum, I., p. 14. 
 1871. Torymides, Subtribus (partim) Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 5!), 64, 
 1899. Toryminje, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. P]nt. Stjc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 
 
 The vast majority of the species falling in this group are parasitic on gall-inhab- 
 iting insects, belonging to the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera, although others are 
 recorded as having been bred from Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, etc., and from the nests 
 of bees and wasps. 
 
 I think it quite likely these latter records are erroneous, and that the Coleoptera, 
 Lepidoptera, etc., had dipterous parasites from which the torymines came. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 8 
 
 2. Antennse 13-jointed, with only one ring-joint 3 
 
 Autennse 13-joint€d, with two ring-joints Lochites Fiirster (type L. papaieris Forster). 
 
 3. Seutellum without a cross-furrow before apex 4 
 
 Seutellum with a cross-furrow before apex. 
 
 Abdomen with second dorsal segment incised medially at apex. 
 
 Syntomaspis Forster (type TonjmuH cyaneux Bohcman). 
 
 4. First joint of flagellum not abrui)tly narrower than the following ; clypeus at apex truncate 5 
 
 First joint of flagellum abruptly narrower than the following; clypeus at apex subproduced. 
 
 Lioterphus Thomson (type Torymiis pallidicornis Boheman). 
 
 5. Thorax not especially long, the pronotum not conically elongate. 6 
 
 Thorax long, the pronotum much developed, conically elongate. 
 
 Abdomen with a distinct petiole, the body much compressed, shorter than the thorax, the 
 ovipositor very long Ecdamua Walker (type E. macrolelus Walker). 
 
 6. Mandibles 3-dentate ; head not triangular ; costal cell wide. 7 
 
 Mandibles 2-dentate ; head subtriangular, as viewed from in front ; costal cell luirrow. 
 
 Callimomus Thomson (type C. scaposus Thomson) 
 
242 MEMOIHS OF THE CAHNKCilK MUSEUM 
 
 7. Prothunix not e>in'i-uiUy sliort ; inetatliorax declivous, not largely punctate. 
 
 Torymus Dalman (tj-pe Ichneumon hedef/uarix Liunel. 
 
 Prothorax short, the metathorax abruptly declining, largely punctate ; antenna; subclavate, the club 
 
 lanceolate Torymoides Walker (type T. amabilis Walker). 
 
 8. Antenna; 13-jointed, with only one ring-joint 9 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed, with livo ring-joints Lochites Forster. 
 
 9. Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex 10 
 
 Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex Syntomaspis Funster. 
 
 10. Mandibles 3-dentate ; costal cell wide 11 
 
 Mandibles 2-dentate ; costal cell narrow Callimomus Thomson. 
 
 11. Clypeus anteriorly normal, not produced 12 
 
 Clypeus anteriorly subi)roduced medially Lioterphus Thomson. 
 
 1 2. Thorax normal, the pronotum not especially long 13 
 
 Thoi-ax long, the pronotum elongate, conical Ecdamua Walker. 
 
 13. Pronotum not especially short, the metathorax not largely punctate Torymus Dalman. 
 
 Pronotum short, the metathorax abruptly declivous, largely punctate Torymdides Walker. 
 
 Subfamily III. Monodontomerin.'e. 
 1875. Toryrnides, Subtribus (partim) Thomson, Skancl. Hym., IV., p. 59. 
 1899. Monodontomerinse, Subfamily III., Ashm .Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 247. 
 
 In this group the hind femora are more swollen than in the previous groups, 
 while the lower edge is serrate or armed with one or two teeth, thus showing an 
 approach to the Podagrioninie, and through tliat subfamily to the Leucospidinic and 
 the Cludcidinse. 
 
 Some of the species are parasitic upon hymenopterous and dipterous gall-mak- 
 ing insects; other.s, belonging to the genera Physothorax and Plesiostigma, have been 
 bred from fig-insects, while species belonging to the genera Diamorus and Monodon- 
 tomcrus are bred commonly from the nests of bees and wasps, and they are said to 
 be parasites of these insects. In a single case, at least, I have positive evidence that 
 Monodontomems was bred from the puparium of a tachinid-fly found in the nest 
 with the bee. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females ; ovipositor i)rominently exserted 2 
 
 IMales 9 
 
 2 Hind femora beneath very finely denticulate and usually also with a single large tooth, rarely with 2 
 
 teth 7 
 
 Hind femora beneath smooth, with 1 or 2 large teeth, some distance from the apex 3 
 
 3. Scutellum with a cross furrow before the apex 4 
 
 Scutellum without a cross furrow before the apex. 
 
 Abdomen shoi-t, not longer than the head and thorax united ; stigmal vein very short. 
 
 Holaspis Mayr (type Torymus militaris Boheman). 
 
 Abdomen elongate, much longer than the head and thorax united ; stigmal vein not short, 
 
 oblique Websterellus Ashmead (type Iritici). 
 
ashmead: classification ov the ciiALcin ki,iks 243 
 
 4. Abdomen with the hind margin of the first dorsal segment (or its flap) incised at the middle 5 
 
 Abdomen with the hind margin of tlie first dorsal segment straight, not incised. 
 
 Monodontomerus Westwood (tyi)e ilf. ohsrurtis Westw.). 
 
 5. Funicle with 6 joints ; head smooth or at most with sparse punctures (> 
 
 Funicle with 7 joints ; head and thorax with large, thimble-like imnolures. 
 
 Hind femora with a single tooth beneath towards apex Diamorus Walker 
 
 (type 'Ihnjinii^armatus Boheman). 
 
 Hind femora with two teeth beneath toward apex Physothorax JIayr 
 
 (type Diamorus variabilis Mayr ?, Physothorax disciger Mayrcf). 
 ti. Thorax delicately shagreencd ; hin<l femora with a single indistinct tooth beneath towards apex. 
 
 Plesiostigma JNIayr (type P. bicolor Mayr). 
 7. Eyes bare ; abdomen with the hind margin of the first do^rsal segment incised ; hind femora usually ser 
 
 rate or with one or two teeth beneath towards apex ■ 8 
 
 Eyes hairy ; abdomen with the hind margin of tlie first dorsal segment straight, not incised ; hind 
 
 femora sometimes without a tootli Oligosthenus Forster (type Ichneumon stigma Fabr... 
 
 S. Front femora much swollen, tlie in-onotum longer than the mesonotiim ; antennse with two ring-joints. 
 Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. brasiliensis Ashm.). 
 Front femora normal, the pronotum shorter than the mesouotum ; antenna; with one ring-joint. 
 
 Hind femora serrate and usually w'th one tooth beneath ; stigmal vein short but distinct, the 
 
 knob always petiolate ; thorax without thimble-like punctures Cryptopristus Forster 
 
 (type Turymus caliyinosus Walk.). 
 Hind femora feebly serrate beneath without a tooth ; stigmal knob sessile, the stigmal vein not 
 
 developed ; thorax with small, thimble-like punctures Hemitorymus Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type H. thoracicus Ashm.). 
 
 9. Apterous or with rudimentary wings IG 
 
 Winged. 
 
 Hind femora beneath towards apes finely serrate and usually also with one or two teeth. ... 13 
 Hind femora beneath smooth with one large tooth some distance from the apex 10 
 
 10. Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex 11 
 
 Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex 1- 
 
 11. Stigmal vein very short ; abdomen concave above Holaspis Mayr. 
 
 Stigmal vein not short, oblique ; abdomen not concave above Websterellus Ashmead. 
 
 12. Hind margin of the first dorsal segment incised at the middle 13 
 
 Hind margin of the first dor.sal segment straight, not incised at the niidiile. 
 
 Monodontomerus Westwood. 
 
 13. Head smooth, or at the most with spar.se punctures ; funicle G-jointed H 
 
 Head and thorax with rather large, thimble-like punctures. 
 
 Hind femora with a single large tooth; stigmal vein not short, the knob moilerately large; hind 
 tarsi very long, the first joint long Diamorus Walker. 
 
 Hind femora with two rather small teeth (normal fiirni) ; stigmal vein very short, the knob very 
 small ; hind tarsi not especially long, the first joint not longer than -J and H united. 
 
 Physothorax Mayr. 
 
 14. Eyes bare ; hind margin of first abdominal segment usually incised medially !■"' 
 
 Eyes hairy ; hind margin of the first abdominal segment straight, not inci.sed ; hind femora usually 
 
 " without a tooth Oligosthenus F.nster. 
 
244 MKMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 15. Front femora much swollen, the hind femora finely serrate beneath ; antennie with 2 ring-joints. 
 
 Flesiostigmodes Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. brasilicnsis Ashm.). 
 Front fenioia normal, the hind femora finely serrate beneath and often with a tooth ; antennae with 1 
 ring-joint. 
 
 Stigraal vein distinct, its knob always petioled Cryptopristus Forstei-. 
 
 Stigraal vein very short, its knob sessile Hemitorymus Ashmead. 
 
 16. Antennae in.serted close together. 
 
 Antennae 2-jointed, the second clavate (dimorphic form) — Plesiostigma Jlay r, Nannocerus Mayr. 
 
 Antennae 4- to 7-jointed ; thorax not depres.sed ; hind femora with 2 teeth beneath towards apex ; 
 
 hind tibiae with spines only at base of tarsi (dimorphic form) Physothorax Mayr. 
 
 Subfamily IV. Podagriomn.i:. 
 
 This group in having the hind femora greatly swollen and dentate beneath, with 
 the hind tibia) curved, resembles the Chalcididse, but otherwise, in the structure of 
 head, side pieces of the thorax, coxa?, and in venation, it is a genuine Torymid, and I 
 have here removed it from the Cli<tlci<ll<hi\ where late authorities have placed it, to a 
 place in this family. 
 
 The genus Pudagriun is parasitic in the egg-cases of the orthopterous family 
 Mantidie. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 Stigmal vein not so .short, the knob petiolate ; tarsal joints 2-5 very short, transverse, the first joint long ; 
 
 hind femora armed with 4 teeth Pachytomus Westwood (type P. kliigianvs Westw.). 
 
 Stigmal vein very short, the knob subsessile ; tarsal joints 2-5 not short ; hind femora armed with from 6 
 
 to 8 teeth Podagrion Spinola (type P. sjjlendens Spinola). 
 
 Subfamily V. Mega.stigmin.e. 
 1875. Mcgastigmides, Subtribus, Thomson, Skand. Hym., IV., p. 59. 
 1899. Megastigminfe, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 24G. 
 
 The species falling in this subfamily are easily recognized Ijy the large circular 
 or rounded knob of the stigmal vein. 
 
 Species of the genus Megastigmus are bred commonly from hymenopterous and 
 dipterous gall-makers [Ci/nijndie and Cecidomyiidir) and also from the seed capsules 
 of various trees and plants. The group is, therefore, phytophagous as well as para- 
 sitic. Megastigmus spernutlotr phm Wachtl was bred from the seed of the Douglas 
 spruce, Pseudotsuga doughtsii. It is identical with 3L j)in((s Parfitt, also bred from 
 the seed of a pine and de.scribed thirty-six years earlier. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Head and thorax smooth or transversely wrinkled or aciculate ; mandibles 3-dentate 2 
 
 Head and thorax neither smooth nor transversely wrinkled or aciculate, but sparsely or very finely 
 punctate ; mandibles 4-dentate. 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIFICATIOX OF TIIIC CIIALCTD FLIES 245 
 
 AlKlonu-n (listiiictly [n'tiolate, the iioticilc the KMij;tli of the inetatlioriix, the Ixxly short, elliptical, 
 not eoinpiessed, shorter than the thorax ; seiitelliim without a eross-furrow before tip. 
 
 Odopoia Walker (type O. atra Walker). 
 Abdomen siibsessile, the body elongate, snbcompressed, the length of the thorax ; scutelluni with 
 
 a cross-furrow before apex Bootania Dalla Torre (type Metamoipha teucospoidea Walker). 
 
 2. Head seen from in front a little wider than long, the oeelli ])laced in a slight curved line ; seutellum 
 with a cross-furrow liefore apex Megastigmus Dalnian (tyi>e Ifhnnimon dort^dix Fahricius. 
 
 SUJ'.KAMILY Y]. OrmykiN.E. 
 
 185G. Orniyruichu, Ftuiiilio X., lAirstei-, Hyin. Stud., II., pp. 1!), 22 and 24. 
 
 1875. Ormyrides, Sul)ti-il»ii.s, Tliomson, Skuiid. Ilyni., IV., p. 100. 
 
 1899. Orinyi-ina% Suhfaiuily V., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV'., p. 247. 
 
 Df. Aniold Frirstc'i- was the Hrst to sepai-ate tliis gfoup from other I'oiymids. 
 It is a very distinct and compact subfamily, agreeing with the sul)family Toryniin;e 
 in venation and in pleural and pedal characters, but otherwise it is totally different 
 from it and the others. The females are easily recognized by the elongate, pointed, 
 orconically produced abdomen, non-prominent ovipositor, and by its peculiar sculp- 
 ture ; the males by the oblong oval shape of the abdomen, as well as by the sculpture. 
 
 It shows some affinity with the KurytomvJiv, and particularly with my tril)e 
 Kilei/ivi, in the shape of the pronotum, and in antennal and abdominal peculiarities. 
 
 All are bred from hymenopterous and dipterous gall-insects, belonging princi- 
 pally to the families Ciiitiphhf and QxlilonujUdn' ; oidy a few species have been 
 described. 
 
 Only three genera are known distinguished as follows : 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Males ; abdomen oblong, depressed 4 
 
 Females ; abdomen long, conically i)ointed and nioi-e or less eonipres.sed, especially towards the ajiex, 
 
 the ovipositor never prominent 2 
 
 2. Abdomen without a. peculiar sculpture, normal ;? 
 
 Abdomen with a peculiar sculpture, and some of the .segments wit h two rows of pits or dee]) punctures. 
 
 No large, coarse punctures at base of middle abdominal segments ; antenuie with one ring- 
 joint Monobseus Foreter (type M. cingulatus Foi-st.). 
 
 With large, coarse punctures at base of middle abdominal segments ; antenme with two ring- 
 .joints Ormyrus Westwood (type 0. puncliger Westw.). 
 
 3. Abdomen (inely iiunctate ; antenna; with three ring-joints. Tribaeus F6rster(type T. punctulaliis Forst.). 
 
 4. Abdomen without a peculiar sculpture 5 
 
 Abdomen with a peculiar sculpture. 
 
 Antennffi with one ring-joint Monobaeus Fiirster. 
 
 Antennte with two ring-joints Ormyrus Westwood. 
 
 5. Antennre with three ring-joints Tribaeus Fiirster. 
 
246 memoirs of the carnegie museum 
 
 Family LXII. CHALCIDID.E. 
 1830. Chalcidfe, Family (paiiim), Leach, Edinb. Encyc, IX., p. 144. 
 1840. ChalcidsE, Subfaniil}^ I. (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., I., p. 10(5, 
 
 Synop., p. 65. 
 1846. Chalcididfc, Family II. (partim), Walker, List Clialc. Brit. Mils., I., p. 2. 
 1850. Chalcidoida;, Familie II., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 29. 
 1875. Chalcidina Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., i^p. 11, 12. 
 1886. Chalcidinai, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer , I., p. 197. 
 1897. Chalcididte, Family LXIL, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 245. 
 1900. Chalcididai, Family LXIL, Ashmead, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIII. , 
 p. 202. 
 
 This family, although allied to the Torymidx and to the EarytomidiV, is very 
 distinct in many particulars ; by the usually very long, subcylindrical hind coxie, 
 the greatly swollen hind femora, usually dentate or serrate beneath, by the 
 strongly arcuate hind tibia3 which are usually obliquely truncately produced at 
 apex, so that the tarsi appear to be attached a little before the tips, and by pro- 
 notal and abdominal differences. 
 
 The group is most extensively represented in South America, where many genera 
 and many species have been discovered. 
 
 Two subfamilies have been recognized, distinguishaljle as follows: 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 Front wings longitiulinallj' folded ; ovipo.sitor curving upwards and bacliwards over the dorsum of the 
 
 abdomen Subfamily I. Leucospidin.e. 
 
 Front wings not folded ; ovipositor when prominent, straight, not curving over the dorsum of the 
 
 abdomen Subfamily II. CuALClDlNiE. 
 
 Subfamily I. LEUcosPiDiNiE. 
 1833. Leucopsida^ Family, Walker, Ent. Mag., II., p. 13. 
 1839. Leucospidaj, Family XV., Haliday, Hym. Synop., p. ii. 
 1846. Leucospidee, Family I., Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 1. 
 1856. Leucospoidte, Family I., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 20 and 29. 
 1886. Leucospinte, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 197. 
 1897. Leucospidinte, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 235. 
 
 Dr. von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum, Vol. V., has incor- 
 rectly credited this subfamily to Forster ; it should be credited to Walker, who desig- 
 nated it as a family as earl 3'^ as 1833. 
 
 The group is a natural one, and is very distinct from the other groups of the Chal- 
 cididve, in haljits, in abdominal peculiarities — the ovipositor being curved forward 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCin FLIES 247 
 
 over tlie dorsum of tlie abdomen, often reacliing to tlie scutelluin, and in haviiij^; 
 the wings longitudinally folded as in the \'<spid;v, KumcnkUv and in the Diapriid 
 genus Galesus. 
 
 The group is parasitic in the nest of heos and the longitudinal fold in the wings 
 is significant, for the leucospid is thus enabled to crawl into the nest of a bee without 
 seriously disturbing its contents. 
 
 The group was monographed by Dr. August Schletterer in 1890, in the Berliner 
 Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. 'A'). This work should Ije in the hands of all stu- 
 ents who desire to study these insects. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Froiis anteriorly not cormited ; hind margin of the head not curved inwardly ; thin! joint of antenna; at 
 
 least as long as the second, usually, however, distinctly longer ; pronotum anteriorly as broad as 
 
 behind ; scutellum never cordate 2 
 
 Frons anteriorly bicornuted ; hind margin of the head curved inwardly ; third joint of antennie smaller 
 than the following ; pronotum narrowed anteriorly ; scutellum cordate. 
 
 Marres Walker (type ^f. dicomas Walker). 
 
 2. Abdomen more or less compressed, rounded or vertically angular posteriorly, but never pointed ; 
 
 ovipositor extends from beneath the venter and curves over the tip of the abdomen backwards, 
 reposing upon the dorsum, sometimes extending to the scutellum ; hind coxse without a tooth above ; 
 
 maxillary palpi distinct, 4-jointed 3 
 
 Abdomen more fusiform and not distinctly comjjressed, the paniuh followe<l to the dorsum, with a 
 long channel and with the apex i)ointed ; ovipositor confined to the under surface of the abdomen 
 and not extending further than to its tip ; hind cox:e with a strong erect tooth above ; maxillary 
 palpi 3-jointed, short and slender Polistomorpha Westwood (type P. gurinnmenfis Walker). 
 
 3. Front coxaj not especially long, much shorter than their femora, the tibia as long as tlie femora ; 
 
 middle tibia; without a tooth at apex ; hind tibia; at apex normal, with 2 spurs. 
 
 Leucospis F'abricius (type L. dorsigera Fabricius). 
 Front coxa; veiy elongate, nearly as long as their femora, the tibiae shorter than the femora ; middle- 
 tibi;e with a tooth at ai)ex ; hind til)ia; curved and acutely produced into a spine at apex. 
 
 Exoclsenus Shipp (type Leucospis anihidioidf» Westw.). 
 
 SUBFAMILV II. ClIALCiniN.E. 
 
 1835. Cluilcididie, Family, Walker, Ent. Mag., II., p. 20. 
 
 1839. Chalcididte, Family XVI., Haliday, Hym. Bynop., p. ii. 
 
 1856. Chalcidoida?, Familie, Forster, Hym. Ptud., ii., p. 29. 
 
 1897. ( 'hulcidina-. Subfamily II., Ashnicad, Proc. Knt. Soe. Wash., IV., p. 247. 
 
 In having the hind femora greatly swollen and usually dentate or serrate, this 
 subfamily agrees with the Laicospidino', but differs in having the front wings not 
 folded longitudinally in repose, by having a much smaller pronotum, and quite a 
 different shaped abdomen, the ovipositor, when prominent, being straight and never 
 curved forward over the dorsum. 
 
24cS MEMOIRS OF TlIK CARNE<iIF, MUSETM 
 
 I liave divided it into four triljes, wliich nic\v be distinguished by the characters 
 made use of in tlie following table : 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 1. Abdomen sessile 2 
 
 Abdomen petiolate 3 
 
 2. Postmarginal vein wanting or only slightly developed, tlie stigmal vein very short, sometimes absent ; 
 
 antennfe inserted close to the mouth border 5 
 
 Postmarginal vein always well developed, the stigmal vein rarely very short. 
 
 Antennae inserted near the middle of the face, or at least always above an imaginary line 
 
 drawn from the base of the eyes Tribe I. Chalcidini. 
 
 AntenniB inserted near the mouth border, or always beloiv an imaginary line drawn from the 
 base of the eyes Tribe IV. Haltiehellini (partim). 
 
 3. Antennre inserted near the moutli border, or always below an imaginary line drawn from the base of 
 
 the eyes 5 
 
 Anterinffi inserted near the middle of the face, or always above an imaginary line drawn from the 
 base of the eyes 4 
 
 4. Postmarginal vein very long ; ovipositor if prominent not very slender, the eighth dorsal segment often 
 
 produced into a long compressed stylus Tribe II. Smicrini. 
 
 5. Head normal, not cornuted. 
 
 Abdomen petiolate .Tribe III. Chalcitellini. 
 
 Abdomen sessile Tribe IV. Haltiehellini. 
 
 Head abnormal, deeply excavated in front, cornuted ; abdomen petiolate or .subpetiolate. 
 
 Tribe V. Dirhinini 
 
 Tribe I. Chcdcklim. 
 
 This group is distinguished by the sessile abdomen and b}^ having the antennae 
 inserted nearthe middle of the face or at least never below an imaginary line drawn 
 from the base of the eyes. 
 
 Through the genus Aamthochalcis it is related to the subfamily Leucospidinx, 
 while in the abdominal peculiarities of most of the species the group is much closer 
 allied to the tribe Haltiehellini. 
 
 Most of the genera attack principally lepidopterous insects in the pupal stage. 
 Phasgonophora, however, and probably also the allied genera Trigonura, Sti/piura, 
 etc., prey upon wood-boring coleopterous larvae. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 12 
 
 2. Scutellura normal, unarmed, altliough sometimes with a slight median depression towards apex ; if 
 
 with a slight elevated plate behind, the same is entire, rarely subemarginate 3 
 
 Scutellum posteriorly armed, emarginate or produced 8 
 
 3. Abdomen not ending in a long, di.stiuct ovipositor, although the eighth dorsal segment is often much 
 
 produced, long and compressed, resembling a stylus and enclosing the ovipositor 4 
 
ASIIMKAD: CI.ASSIFICATION OK TlIK, CIIAI.Cin FI,IFS 249 
 
 Aliiloiiicii .ndinfr in a loiiii, distiml nviipositor, wliicli is sometimes as lini« as the wlu.le liiidy. 
 
 Acanthochalcis Cameron (type A. nigrcaeena Cameron). 
 
 4. Al)(l(iiiioii mueli |)V(i(luceil at apex, tlieeif;htli dorsal segment long, compressed, resembling a stylus 5 
 Abdomen normal, subglobose or ovate, the eighth dorsal segment never very long 1 1 
 
 5. Scutelhnn normal, rounded behind, if with a slight plate behind the same is entire, not emargiiiato (i 
 Scutellum terminating in a projection or plate posteriorly which is usually emarginate 8 
 
 fi. Abdomen at base rounded, not truncate 7 
 
 Abdomen at base truncate, the truncature bounded by a carina. 
 
 Antenuje 13-jointed, tlie flagellum long, slender, liliform Phasgonophora Westwood 
 
 (type P. siilvafa Westw.). 
 
 7. Eighth dorsal abdominal segment ]ir(idiu-ed into a triangular stylus, tlie second segment (or the first 
 
 body segment) occupying only aliout one third the length of the body ; antenna; 11-jointed, sub- 
 
 clavate Trigonura Sicliel (type T. crassicaxida Sichel). 
 
 Eighth dorsal abdominal segment very long, compressed but not triangular, the second segment vari- 
 able, usually, however, occupying about half the length of the body ; antenn.x 11-jointcd, filiform, 
 tapering toward tips Thaumatelia Kiiby (type Chulcis separalu Walker). 
 
 8. Scutellum with a short, thick projection liehind 9 
 
 Scutellum ending in a raised emarginate or bidentate plate. 
 
 Metathorax unarmed 10 
 
 jMetathorax with two very prominent projections on each side, and very hairy. 
 
 Abdomen with the eighth dorsal segment produced into a long stylus ; antenna; ll2-jointed. 
 Megalocolus Kirby (type HalticeUa ducator Walker). 
 
 9. Metal hoiax willi two teeth on each side ; hind femora armed with 7 or 8 teeth beneath. 
 
 Pseuedocliolcis Kirby (type HaHkrUa declarator Walk.). 
 
 Metathorax prixiuced and excised medially; bind femora unarmed Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer. 
 
 (type 0. siih.nica Krieehb.). 
 
 10. Marginal vein very short, the postmarginal and the stigmal veins abnormally long; hind femora with 
 
 numerous small teeth beneath (about 14) ; abdomen long, conically produced. * 
 
 Larradomorpha Stadelman (type L. insiyniti Stadelm.). 
 Marginal vein long, the stigmal vein normal, not very long. 
 
 Hind femora armed with one long tooth followed by 6 or 7 smaller teeth ; antennas 11-jointed. 
 
 Stypiura Kirby (type Chaleis conigaslra Perty). 
 
 Hind femora with numerous depressed ].unctures, and with about 6 large teeth beneath; antennse 
 
 13-jointed Epitelia Kirby (type Chaleis slylata Walker). 
 
 11. Antenujc 13-jointed, with 1 ring-jointed, rather short ; hind femora armed with many minute teeth 
 
 beneath Chaleis Fabrieius (type J'espa wiitida Linne). 
 
 12. Scutellum posteriorly unarmed, noriiial 13 
 
 Scutellum posteriorly armed, emarginate or produeeil ' 16 
 
 13. Abdomen at base rounded, not truncate 14 
 
 .Vbdomen at ba.se truncate, the truncature bounded by a carina Phasgonophora Westwood. 
 
 14. Hind angles of metathorax rounded, not prominent 1.5 
 
 Hind angles of metathorax prominent, acute, clothed above with usually a silvery white pubescence; 
 
 thorax coarsely punctate, the al)dcinien imnctale or at least not entirely impunctate ; antennae 
 1 1-juinted, the llagellniu liliform Acanthochalcis Cameron. 
 
250 MEMOIRS OF THE CAKNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 1.") Antunnre 13-j()inted, with one ring-joint 19 
 
 Antennje ll-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 
 Marginal vein about four times the length of the stigmal vein ; hind femora with 6 moderately 
 large teeth beneath; antennse ll-jointed, the flagellum filiform, the first joint shorter than 
 
 the scape Trigonura Sichel. 
 
 Marginal vein long, four or more times longer than the stigmal vein ; hind femora with 8 teeth 
 beneath ; antennae ll-jointed, the flagellum long, filiform, the first joint longer than the scape. 
 
 Thaumatelia Kirliy. 
 
 16. Scutellum witli a short thick projection behind ; metathorax emarginate or arnK'<l 17 
 
 Scutelhim ending in a rai.sed emarginate or bidentate plate ; metathorax un;iriiicd 18 
 
 17. Metathorax produced and excised medially ; hind femora unarmed Oxycoryphe Kriechbaumer. 
 
 Metathorax usually with two teetli on each side (rarely normal) ; hind femora armed witli 7 or 8 
 
 teeth beneath Pseudochalcis Kirby. 
 
 18. Antennse ll-jointed ; marginal vein long, the .stigmal vein normal, not very long. 
 
 Hind femora armed with one large tooth, followed by 6 or 7 smaller teetli . Stypiura Kirliy. 
 
 Hind femora with numerous depressed punctures and with 6 large teeth Epitelia Kirby. 
 
 Antennse (?) 12- or 13-jointed ; marginal vein very short, the stigmal vein abnormally long; hind 
 femora with numerous small teeth beneath (about 14) Larradomorpha Stadelman. 
 
 19. Hind femora armed with many small teeth beneath Chalcis Fabricius. 
 
 Tribe II. Smicrini. 
 
 This trilje approaches nearest to the tribe Chalcidini, but is at once separated 
 from it by having the abdomen always distinctly petiolate, never sessile, and by 
 having the hind coxse abnormally long, as compared with those in the Vhakidini. 
 
 The species are principally parasitic upon lepidopterous larvie, although some 
 will attack other insects. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 23 
 
 2. Middle til)i;e mlhout an apical spur 3 
 
 Middle tibiai with an apical spur -1 
 
 3. Antennse 12- or 13-jointed ; thorax black ; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, the second segment sliorter, 
 
 not occupying nearly the whole surface ; hind femora armed with many minute teeth. 
 
 Smicra Spinola (type Chalcis sispes Fabr.). 
 
 Antenna; l-l-jointed ; thorax mostly yellow or marked with yellow, never wholly black ; abdomen coni- 
 
 cally produced, the second segment large, occupying most of the surface ; hind femora armed with 
 
 6 teeth of moderate size Epftranus Walker (type E. fiilvescens Walk.). 
 
 4. Hind femora armed with one Idrge or moderately large tooth near base followed by many small or 
 
 minute teeth, 10 or more in number 5 
 
 Hind femora armed with from 3 to 9 teeth, the teetli usually large 14 
 
 5. Metathorax unarmed 6 
 
 Metathorax armed with from two to four teeth or projections 10 
 
 6. Scutellum at apex simple, unarmed, without an elevated plate, teeth or spines 7 
 
 Scutellum at apex armed, with an elevated plate, which is usually emarginate or bidentate 13 
 
ASHMEAD : ('I,ASSI1''ICATI()N OF TIIK ClIAKCll) FMES 251 
 
 7. Metiitliorax without lateral tcetli or projections 8 
 
 Metathorax iiith lateral teeth or projections 10 
 
 8. Abdomen produced, the eighth segment in female greatly lenjitluiud into a long coniinessed stylus; 
 
 antennjB 13-jointed Eustypiura Ashniead, gen. nov. (tyi)e K. bicolor Ashni.). 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate or fusiform, tlie eighth segment in female normal or nearly, not produced into a 
 stylus ; antenuie 13-jointed. 
 
 Petiole of abdomen very long and slender, as long as the thorax or nearly, or at least twice as 
 
 long as the metathorax ''* 
 
 Petiole of abdomen usually short and stout, never very long or slender ; scape of anteuuic nor- 
 mal, not extending beyond the ocelli Spilochalcis Thomson (type Chains xanthostigma Dalm.). 
 
 9. Scape of antennie abnormal, very long and usually clavate, extending far above the ocelli, its apex 
 
 beneath sometimes excavated and enclosing the base of the flagellum ; abdominal petiole slender 
 
 and of a uniform thickness throughout Ceratosmicra Ashm., gen. nov. (type C. peliolata Ashm.). 
 
 Scape of antennre slender, cylindrical, not or scarcely reaching beyond the ocelli ; abdominal petiole 
 
 thickest at the middle, tapering ofi' towards each end SayieUa Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (tyjie Smicra debilis Say.). 
 
 10. Scutcllum normal, unarmed H 
 
 Scutellum at apex bidentnte or with an emarginate plate or ridge. 
 
 Metathorax quadridentate (two teeth on each side of the petiole) ; Imdy of abilouieu short ovate, 
 the petiole shorter than the thorax ; antennae 13-jointed, the lliigelluni liliforni, clothed with 
 a dense, short pul)('sc( nee, the scapi' short, subeompressed.Xanthomelanus Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (type Chalcis dimidkita Fabr.). 
 
 11. Metathorax bidentate (one tooth on each side of the petiole); thorax never wholly black ; antenuiE 
 
 13-jointed 12 
 
 Metathorax quadridentate (two teeth on each side of the petiole) ; thorax somelinics wholly black ; 
 scape of antenufe long, extending beyond the ocelli. 
 
 Thorax wholly black ; body of abdomen ovate, the petiole variable in length, usually long and 
 
 slender, but shorter than the thorax ; antennje 13-jointed, the Hagellum filiform, the scape at 
 
 tip beneath not excavated. .. Melanosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type M. immaculata Ashm ). 
 
 Thorax yellow or yellow marked with black ; body of alulomen usually conical, the petiole 
 
 long ; antenna; 13-jointed, the scape at apex beneath excavated. 
 
 Ceratosmicra Ashmead (jiartim). 
 1 •>. Scape of antenna; normal ; body of abdomen in female fusiformly pointed or conic-ovate, the petiole very 
 
 short, not or rarely longer than thick Spilochalcis Thomson (partim). 
 
 Scape of antenna; usually long and extending much beyond the ocelli ; body i>f abdomen ovate, the 
 petiole very long and slender, as long or nearly as the thorax .... Mischosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (type M. Kahlii Ashm.). 
 
 13. Metathorax normal or with one small tooth on each side of the petiole ; abdomen variable, subglobose, 
 
 conic-ovate or fusiform, but rarely ending in a stylus ; antennae K! jointed. 
 
 Spilochalcis Tliomson (partim). 
 
 14. Antenme 13- or U-jointed 15 
 
 Antennae 12-jointed. 
 
 Metathorax po.steriorly <iuadridcntate Thaumapus Kirby (type Smicra decora Walk.). 
 
 15. Antennae 13-jointcd ' •' 
 
 Antennae 14-jointed ; hind coxie usually with a leaf-like ex|iansion at apex, their femora armed with 
 
 large or moderate sized teeth Epinaeus Kirl)y (type Smicra dux Walker). 
 
252 MEMOIRS OF TIIK CAKNECilE Ml'SlCUM 
 
 10. Hind femora aimed with 8 large teeth or less 17 
 
 Hind i'emora armed with moderately large teetli. 
 
 Scutellum sometimes uuarmed but usually ending in a bidentate plate. 
 
 Enneasmicra A.shmead, gen. nov. (type Smicra exinamiiis Walk.). 
 
 17. Hind femora armed with 7 large teeth or less 19 
 
 Hind femora armed with 8 large or moderate sized teeth (the Sth tooth sometimes reduced in size or 
 
 followed by one or two minute teeth, or the 6th tooth is tridentate at apex). 
 
 Mesonotum wilh distinct parapsidal furrows, or at least distinct anteriorly 18 
 
 Mesonotum without distinct parapsidal furrows. 
 
 Abdomen fusiformly pointed, the petiole very short ; liiiid femora about 2A times asking 
 as wide Protoceras Kirl>y (type Smicra Iriicotelus Walk.). 
 
 18. Scutellum at apex usually ending in an emarginate or bidentate plate ; abdomen in female lanceolate 
 or conically produced ; the Sth segment often long, styliform. 
 
 Octosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type O. lalicepf) A.shm.). 
 
 19. Hind femora armed with 6 large teeth or less 20 
 
 Hind femora armed with 7 large teeth, the seventh usually much reduced in size. 
 
 Abdomen in female conically produced or fusiform, the 8th segment sometimes stj lifonn or pro- 
 duced into a stylus, the petiole not short ; mandibles in 9 hi- in r^ tri-dentate. 
 
 Heptasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type Smicra oblitcrata Walk.). 
 
 20. Hind femora armed with 5 large teeth or less 21 
 
 Hind femora armed with 6 large teeth (the 6th tootli sometimes broad and at apex 3-deutate). 
 
 Metathorax armed with two triangular teeth and a lamina or plate just behind ihe insertion of 
 the hind wings, the latter extending slightly over the metapleura, the sculpture coarse ; teeth 
 
 of hind femora short and stout Diplodontia Ashmead (type Smiera Carolina Ashm.). 
 
 Metathorax usually, but not always, armed with two, not very prominent, teeth, but wiihoutthe 
 lamina or plate behind the insertion of the hind wings, the seulpture alveolate ; teeth of hind 
 femora large, long. 
 
 Abdomen in female .subglobose or short ovate, the petiole always more than twice longer 
 
 than thick Metadontia Ashmead (iype'<S>»icm montana Ashm.). 
 
 Abdomen in female lanceolate or fusiformly produced, longer than the head and thorax 
 united, the petiole very short, net longer than thick. 
 
 Hexasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type Smic7-a transrersa Walk.). 
 
 21. Hind femora armed with 4 large teeth or less 22 
 
 Hind femora armed with 5 large teeth. 
 
 Eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole sides of the head ; mandil)Ies broad, 3-denlate ; 
 scutellum usually ending in an emarginate or bidentate plate ; metathorax alveolate. 
 
 Pentasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. (type P. brasUiensis Ashm.). 
 
 22. Hind femora with 4 large teeth ; metathorax usually with teeth or projections, rarely unarmed ; plate 
 
 at apex of scutellum bidentate or broadly emarginate ; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, rarely 
 
 -ftisiform, the eighth segment in female never very long Tetrasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov 
 
 (type Smicra concUata Walk.). 
 Hind femoia with 3 large teeth Trismicra Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. contractu Walk.). 
 
 23. Middle tibiie without an apical sjiur 24 
 
 Middle tibise with an apical spur 25 
 
ASIIMEAD ; 
 
 'LASSIl-ICATION OF THF CIIAI.cn) FI.IF.S 2~)^ 
 
 24. Antemue 12- or 13-joiiited ; tlionix l)l;uk ; liiiid fi'ii\(ini aniicil with iiiiiiiy minute teetli. .Smicra Sjiinohi 
 Aiiti'iiiia; 14-joiuted ; thorax yellow or yellow niarkcd with black ; liiiul femora armed with (> teeth. 
 
 Epitranus Walker. 
 
 25. Hind femora armed with one large tooth near base followed by many .small or minute teeth, from 10 
 
 to 20 or more 2G 
 
 Hind femora armed with from H to 9 large teeth 30 
 
 26. Metathorax armed with from 2 to 4 teeth or projections 29 
 
 Metathorax unarmed. 
 
 Scutelliim at apex unarmed, without an emarginate or bidcntate plate 27 
 
 Scutellum at apex armed with an emarginate or bidentate plate. 
 
 27. Abdominal petiole very long and slender, as long as the thorax or nearly 28 
 
 Abdominal petiole usually short and stout, or at least never very long nor very slender. 
 
 Pronotum anteriorly rounded or sloping, not acute ; jjetiole carinate. Eustypiura Ashmead. 
 Pronotum anteriorly acute ; petiole not carinate Spilcchalcis Thomson. 
 
 28. Scape of anteume abnormal, long and clavate, extending far al)ove the ocelli. Ceratosmicra .Vshmead. 
 Scape of antennsE slender, cylindrical, not or only slight extending above the ocelli. Sayiella .Vshmead. 
 
 29. Metathorax bi-dentate ; a tooth on each side of the petiole. 
 
 Scape of antennre normal ; abdominal petiole not very long nor slender. 
 
 Spilcchalcis Thorns. ( partim). 
 Scape of antenme usually long and slender, extending much beyond the ocelli ; abdominal 
 petiole very long and slender, as long or nearly as long as the tlioi ax. 
 
 Mischosmicra Ashmead. 
 Metathorax quadridentate ; two teeth on each side of the petiole. 
 
 Scutellum at apex, bidentate or with an emarginate plate Xanthomelanus Ashmead. 
 
 Scutellum at apex normal, unarmed. 
 
 Thorax wholly black ; scape of antenn;e normal, petiole of abdomen normal. 
 
 Melanosmicra Ashmead. 
 Thorax yellow or yellow marked with black ; scape of antenmc abnormal ; petiole of ab- 
 domen very long. 
 
 Scape long and clavate, excavate at apex beneath, extending far above the ocelli. 
 
 Ceratosmicra .Vshmead. 
 Scape slender, cylindrical and extending only slightly beyond the ocelli. 
 
 Sayiella Ashmead. 
 
 30. Antenntc 13- or 14-)ointed 31 
 
 Antenmc 12-jointed : metatliorax iiuudii.le..l..l Thaumapus Kirby. 
 
 31. Antennae 13-jointed ■52 
 
 AntenniC 14-jointed. 
 
 Hind femora armed with large or modcratesi/ed teeth Epinseus Kirby. 
 
 32. Hind femora armed with 8 large teeth or less 33 
 
 Hind femora armed with 9 moderately large teetli Enneasmicra Ashmead. 
 
 33. Hind femora armed with 7 large teeth or less 34 
 
 Hind femora armed with 8 large teeth. 
 
 Mesonotum without distinct parapsidal furrow Protoceras Kirby. 
 
 Mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows Octosmicra Ashmead. 
 
 34. Hind femora with 6 large teeth or less 35 
 
 Hind femora with 7 large teeth Heptasmicra Ashmead. 
 
254 MKMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 35. Hind femora armed witli 5 large teeth or less 3G 
 
 Hind femora armed with 6 large teeth. 
 
 Metathorax armed with two triangular teeth or projections and a lamina or plate just behind the 
 insertion of the hind wings that extends slightly over the mesopleura ; teeth of hind femora 
 
 short and stout Diplodontia Ashmead. 
 
 Metathorax sometimes armed with two teeth, sometimes unarmed but always without the 
 lamina or plate. 
 
 ? cf unknown Metadontia Ashmead. 
 
 ? cf unknown Hexasmicra Ashmead. 
 
 36. Hind femora armed with 4 large teeth or less 37 
 
 Hind femora armed with 5 large teeth Pentasmicra Ashmead. 
 
 37. Hind femora ai-med with 4 large teeth Tetrasmicra Ashmead. 
 
 Hind femora armed with 3 large teeth Trismicra Ashmead. 
 
 Tribe III. Chalciiclliui. 
 
 This tribe is proposed for a small group closely allied to the tribe HaltichcJIini, 
 but is easily distinguished by the distinctly petiolate abdomen. 
 
 The group is unknown to the American fauna, although some South American 
 genera in the Smicrini come quite close to it; they are, however, easily separated 
 b}'^ having the antennae inserted farther up on the face and not low down close to 
 the mouth, as in this tiibe. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Antennte 13-jointed 3 
 
 Antennae 11-jointed (the club indistinctly jointed). 
 
 Hind femora with 7 or 8 large teeth Chalcitella West wood (type C. evanioides Westw ) 
 
 3. Hind tibise without a tooth outwardly near base, the hind femora armed with many very minute teeth. 
 
 Arretocera Kirby (type Epitranus albipennis Walk.). 
 
 Hind tibise with a tooth outwardly near base, the hind femora with one large tooth and then finely 
 
 serrate beyond Anacryptua Kirby (type Epitranus impulsulor Walk.). 
 
 4. Characters as in females. 
 
 Tribe IV. HaUichdlini. 
 This tribe resembles most closely the tribe Chalcidini and is separated from it 
 with dicuffilty, the difference in the insertion of the antennae alone being the only 
 character tliat readily distinguishes the two tribes. 
 
 In this trilje the antennse are inserted close to the mouth border, the scape being 
 long, while the postmarginal vein is wanting, or rarely vei-y long as in the Chakidhd 
 and the Sinicrini. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 17 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIKICA'IUOX OF TllK CllAI-CII) KI.IKS 255 
 
 2. Tliiul femora with one or more large teetli or projections beneatli, as well as heini; finely denticulate 
 
 or serrate 3 
 
 Hind femora simple or at most very finely (lenticulate beneath, without a larf;e to<ith or projection 7 
 
 3. Metathorax normal, tvithout projections ... 4 
 
 Metathorax with projections, i. e., spines or teeth on each side iiostcriorly 14 
 
 4. Hind femora with two prominences or elevations beneath and niiniitely denticulate. 
 
 Hockeria Walker (type H. dexius Walk.). 
 
 Hind femora not so formed, at the most with one prominence or one tooth, the edges beyond usually 
 
 finely denticulate or serrate 5 
 
 5. Antennas 13-jointed ; scape willioul a tooth beneath near the middle Neochalcis Kirby 
 
 (type Kiirhdlris rrliita Dufour). 
 
 Antennie 11-jointed ; scape rcltli a tooth beneath near the middle Euchalcis Duftjur 
 
 (type E. micyii Dufour). 
 ti. 8eutelluni at apex bidentate ; hind femora armed with 11 sniali teeth beneath ; antennas 11-jointed. 
 
 AUocera Sichel (type A. bicolor Sichel). 
 
 7. Metathorax normal, without projections or teeth 8 
 
 Metathorax with projections or teeth on each side 14 
 
 8. Scutellum normal, neither bidentate nor spined 9 
 
 Scutellum either spined or bidentate at apex 11 
 
 9. Hind femora beneath with the edges finely denticulate or serrate, the head normal or not very thin 
 
 antero-posteriorly 10 
 
 Hind femora swollen but the edges beneath simple, not denticulate, the head leiiticidar and very thin 
 antero-posteriorly, wider than the thorax, the ocelp on a straight line ; stigmal vein curved, not 
 short, a little longer than half the length of the marginal vein ; costal cell broad ; antennas 13- 
 jointed, with 2 ring-joints Uncyrtocephalus Ashmead (type E. simpUcipes Ashm.). 
 
 10. Antennte 13-jointed ; abdomen short, the second segment (first body .segment) occupying about half the 
 
 w hole surface ; hind femora armed with about 12 small teeth Haltichella Spinola 
 
 (type ChiiJcis puttilta Spinola). 
 
 Antennie 12-joiuted ; abdomen short, the second segment occupying fully half the whole surface ; hind 
 
 femora very minutely denticulate beneath Conura Spinola (type C. flavicans Spinola). 
 
 11. Scutellum at apex bidentate 12 
 
 Scutellum at apex produced into a long, stout spine 13 
 
 12. Antenna; 12jointed, very long, the scape long ; hind femora unarmed Antrocephalus Kirby 
 
 (type Hiill'irhilla fmcicunm Walk.). 
 
 Antennae ll-joiuted, the llagi-llum very long and slender ; hind femora licncatli with the apical half or 
 
 so finely denticulate and often hairy Stomatoceras Kirby (type Jlalliirlla liberator Walk.). 
 
 13. .Vntcnna' 11-jointcd, the flagclluni subclavate, densely iiilose ; hind femora unarmed. 
 
 Aspirhina Kirby (type Halticellu duhilalor Walk.). 
 
 Antennie 12-jointed, the flagellum filiform : himl femora armed with one hirge triangular tooth, the 
 
 edges beyond finely serrate Notaspidium Dalla Torre (type Notaapis formiciformis Walk.). 
 
 14. AntenniB 10- or 11-jointed 16 
 
 Antennae 12-joiuted. 
 
 Wings not variegated 1 ■'' 
 
 Wings variegated. 
 
 Metathorax with a stout spine on each side ; abdomen with the second segment occupying 
 half the whole surface Trichoxenia Kirby (type /AjWiceZ/aciHerrt/ia Walk.). 
 
250 milmoiks of the carnegik museum 
 
 15. Metathoiax long with a long projection on each side posteriorly : abdomen not longer than tlie thorax, 
 
 siibeompressed at the sides, the second segment long ; subcostal vein ending in a knob, the marginal, 
 postmarginal and stigmal veins not developed. . .Hybothorax Ratzeburg (type H. graffii Ratzeh.). 
 Metuthorax short, ending in two long divergent spines ; abdomen oval, acute at apex, the second seg- 
 ment long; marginal vein present: the stigmal vein short, not distinct. 
 
 Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre (type C'ulops palpchraior Kriecht). 
 
 16. Antennse 10-jointed. 
 
 Postmarginal vein long and slender, the stigmal vein short, its knob subpetiolate ; head viewed 
 from in front triangular ; abdomen briefly pointed at apex. 
 
 Hippota Walker (type Chalets pectinicornis Latr.). 
 
 17. Hind femora ivilh one or more large teeth or projections beneath, as well as being finely denticulate 
 
 or serrate 18 
 
 Hind femora without a large tooth or projection beneath, simple or smooth, or at the most finely den- 
 ticulate beneath 21 
 
 18. Metathorax normal, without projections or teeth 19 
 
 Metathorax tvith projections or teeth on each side 28 
 
 19. Hind femora with a single large triangular tooth ; scutellum produced into an acute spine. 
 
 Antennae 12-jointed Notaspidium Dalla Torre. 
 
 Hiud femora with one or two prominent projections beneath near the middle and finely denticulate or 
 serrate. 
 
 Hind femora with one promiuence 20 
 
 Hind femora with two promiaences Hockeria Walk . 
 
 20. Anteunce 13-joiated Neochalcis Kirby. 
 
 Antennaj 12-jointed Euchalcis Dufuur- 
 
 21. Metathorax normal, ivithout projections 22 
 
 Metathorax with a projection on each side . ., 28 
 
 22. Scutellum normal, neither bidentate nor spineil 23 
 
 Scutellum either spined or bidentate 25 
 
 23. Hind femora beneath with the edges finely denticulate or serrate ; head n(.rmal, or at least not very 
 
 thin antero-posteriorly 24 
 
 Hind femora beneath smooth, not denticulate. 
 
 Head lenticular, very thin antei'o-posteriorly and wider than the thorax ; antennie normal, 13- 
 
 jointed, with 2 ring-joints ; middle tibia3 slender Encyrtocephalus Ashmead. 
 
 Head normal ; antennaj abnormal, 13-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the pedicel and first two joints of 
 the flagellum each covered above by a broad lamina or horny flap ; middle tibiae clavate. 
 
 Schwarzella Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. arizonensis Ashm.). 
 
 24. Antenna5 13-jointed Haltichella Spinola. 
 
 Antennaj 12-jointed Conura Spinola. 
 
 25. Antennie 11- or 12-jointcd 26 
 
 Antennie 13-jointed. 
 
 26. Scutellum produced into a long, stout spine 27 
 
 Scutellum at apex bidentate or with a median iminession. 
 
 Antennse 12-jointed Antrocephalus Kirby. 
 
 Antennse 11 jointed Stomatoceras Kirby. 
 
 27. Antennie 1 1-jointed ; hind femora unarmed Aspirhina Kirl)y . 
 
 Antennie 12-jointed ; hind femora with ;i large, triangular tooth Notaspidium Diitla Torre. 
 
ASllMliAI 
 
 •I.A8SIF1(;ATI0N of THK CHAl.CIl) FLIES 257 
 
 •28. Antenna; 10- or ll-jointcd .' 30 
 
 Antennje 12-jointod. 
 
 Wings not variegated 29 
 
 Wings variegated Trichoxenia KiiUy. 
 
 L'y. Metathorax long, witli a long pi-ojci'tion on caeli sid>- iin.sti rioily ; sul.costal vein ending in a knoU, tin- 
 
 marginal and stignial veins not .li'Velop.-d Hybothorax Katzelmrg. 
 
 Metathorax sliurt, ending in two long diveigent spines; marginal and stigmal veins present. 
 
 Kriechbaumerella Dal la Torre. 
 30. Antenme 10-juinled (or 1 1-Jointed witli a ring-joint) Bippota Walker. 
 
 TiMUF V. Dirhhih,;. 
 Tltis tribe is distintiuislicd from all tliu utlan-s by biiviiig tlic head deu[)ly eniar- 
 ginate and honied. The anteniue ure inserted close to the mouth as in the 
 Haltichellhil. 
 
 TABLIC OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Female 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Ovipositor not exserted ; head with two horns 3 
 
 Ovipositor strongly exserted, long; head with /oiir hums ; antennie l;;-Jointed. 
 
 Hontalia t'anu'ron (lyi)e H. civrulea Cameron). 
 
 3. Metathorax strongly bidentate. 
 
 AntenniE 12-jointed Dirhinus Dalnian (type D. excavatiis Dalman). 
 
 Antennfe 13-jointed Eniaca KirUy (type Chnjsis hesperidum Rossi). 
 
 4. Head with hvo horns 5 
 
 Head with four horns. 
 
 Metathorax without teeth ; antenme lij-jointed Hontalia Cameron. 
 
 5. Metathorax strongly bidentate. 
 
 Antenme 12-jointed Dirhinus Dalman. 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed Eniaca Kirby. 
 
 Family L.XIIl. " EURYTOMID.E. 
 1830. Cynipsida Leaeh, Kdinb. Kncye., IX., p. 144. 
 1833. Eurytoniida^ Family 1., Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 12. 
 1840. Eurytomides, Subfamily 2, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., p. 166; 
 
 Synop., p. ()(). 
 1816. Eurytoniid;e, Family 3, AValker, List Chalc. IJrit. Museum, i., p. 8. 
 1856. Eurytomoidte, Familie Xll., Fr.rster, Hym. Stud., ii., pi). 19, 23, 44. 
 1875. Eurytomina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11, 25. 
 1886. Eurytominte, Subftimily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 19. 
 1897. EurytomidiP, Family LXIII, Ashmead, Troc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV, p. 245. 
 
 On account of the diversity of habits among the various groups composing this 
 family it is one of the most interesting of all of the families in this great complex 
 to study, except possibly the family Aguonidu. 
 
258 .MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Some are phytophagous or gall-makers; others live in the nests of Vjees and 
 wasps; others are parasitic upon gall-making Hymenoptera and Diptera; while 
 still others are genuine parasites on Coleoptera and other insects, and a few, repre- 
 senting my tribe RUeyini, destroj'^ the eggs of orthopterous insects. 
 
 The family may be separated into five tribes as follows: 
 
 .*^^ ... .>j^^ 
 
 J'^^'^^^nP'*^' TABLE OF TRIBES. rj^^ 
 
 orax seen from above short, not lousrer than the scutellum, usually d 
 
 1. Metathorax seen from above short, not longer than the scutellum, usually distinctly shorter, and some- 
 
 what abruptly declivous 4 
 
 Metathorax seen from above long, always longer than the .scutellum and usually gradually sloping to 
 apex (in a single case quadrate and squarely truncate behind) 2 
 
 2. Head not cornuted ; eyes oval or ovate, not round 3 
 
 Head cornuted, much wider than the thorax ; eyes round Tribe I. Aximiui. 
 
 3. Marginal vein slender, longer than the stigmal or rarely shorter, but never very stout or stigmated ; 
 
 abdomen most frequently long in both sexes, in female conic-ovate or couically pointed ; antenuse 
 dissimilar in the sexes, in females usually subclavate, in males with the joints of the funicle con- 
 stricted or excised at apex with whorls of long haire Tribe H. Isosomini. 
 
 4. Marginal vein short and stout, stigmated, either quadrate or semicircular 6 
 
 Marginal vein usually slender, linear, rarely stout, but never stigmated, quadrate, or semicircular 5 
 
 5. AntennsB 10- to 12-jointed, with only one ring-joint, and dissimilar in the sexes, in females filiform or 
 
 subclavate, in males with the funicle joints excised or petiolate at apex, with whorls of long haiis or 
 
 with sparse long hairs Tribe III. Eurytomini. 
 
 AntennsB 13-jointed, with two or three ring-joints, and veiy .similar in the sexes, the funicle joints not 
 excised or pedicellate at apex, and without whorls of long hairs Tribe IV. Rileyiui. 
 
 6. Antennse at the most 11-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed and very similar in both sexes, 
 
 filiform or subclavate, without whorls of long hairs ; abdomen short, globose, or oval, never very 
 long or strongly compressed ; hind tibife with rigid bristles behind Tribe V. Decatomini. 
 
 Tribe I. Aximlni. 
 Mr. Peter Cameron, in Biol. Centr. Amer. Hyra., Vol. 1, p. Ill, established for 
 Axima Walker and HontaUa Cameron, the subfamily A.rtiuhiiv. The two genera, 
 however, have nothing in common, are quite distinct in structural characters and 
 belong to different families. Mr. Cameron was evidently deceived in regard to 
 their relationship by a superficial resemblance in the structure of the heads of these 
 insects. Axima is clearly a eurytomid, as I first pointed out several years ago, while 
 Hoiitiiliu is a chalcidid allied to Dirhhius, and must be placed in my tribe Dirhhiini. 
 Axima is parasitic in the nests of the small carpenter bees, CeraUnUhc. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 • 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. Marginal vein four or more times longer than the stigmal vein ; antennre ll-joiuted, the funicle 6- 
 jointed ; abdomen long, lanceolate, compressed Axima Walker (type A. spin! fro its Walk.). 
 
ASnMEAD : CLASSIFrCATrOX OF TITR CirAT.rTD FLTF.S 259 
 
 Marginal vein hardly twice the length of the stiguial vein ; antenna' ll-j()iMtc<l; alulomen not long, 
 
 lanceolate Aximopsis Ashinead, gen. nov. (type A. morio Ashm.). 
 
 3. Marginal vein four or more times longer than the stigmal ; antenna; ll-jointeil, the funicle. joints long, 
 
 binodose, each joint with two whorls of long hairs Axima Walker. 
 
 Marginal vein hardly twice the length of the stigmal vein Aximopsis Ashmead. 
 
 'rmr.K II. hosomiiii. 
 
 All the species falling in this trihe^are phytophagous and thus dilfcr in habits 
 h-oin all of the other tnl)cs. 
 
 The group approaches veiy close to the Eiori/foiiiiiii and many of the species 
 were at first described under the genus Eurytonui. There is, however, a well 
 marked structural difference between them, and the tribe may Ix' easil}' separated 
 by the characters made use of in my table i)f tribes. In having a long metathorax 
 and in the antennal characters of most of the genera, the Imsomini approach 
 nearest to the Axiinmi, but the horned head in the latter is suflficient to keep them 
 apart. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 8 
 
 2. Apterous 7 
 
 Winged. 
 
 Marginal vein always longer than tlie stigmal vein 3 
 
 Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein, the latter very oI)li((uo, extending off from the 
 marginal at an angle of thirty degrees. 
 
 Head and thorax umbilicately punctate, the frons with a deep antennal fuiiow ; abdo- 
 men elongate, conic-ovate, the dorsal segments subequal, as in Isosoma. 
 
 Isosomodes Ashmead (type Isosoma gigantca Ashm.). 
 
 3. Metathorax sloping or rounded behind, not abruptly and squarely truncate behind 4 
 
 Metathorax quadrate, abruptly and squarely truncate behind. 
 
 Me.sonotum delicately umbilicately punctate; abdomen ovate, slenderer than the thorax, the 
 second segment the longest, the others aliout of an e<iiial length. 
 
 Isosomorpha Ashmead (type T. cin-upiv Ashm.). 
 
 4. Thorax more or less distinctly umbilicately punctate, punctate or shagreened, opaque, never smooth 
 
 and shining ; antennie usually 11-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 5-jointed 5 
 
 Thorax smooth and shining, impunetate or at the most feebly microscopically shagreened 6 
 
 5. Me-sonotum umbilicately puuctivte, punctate or rugulose ; abdomen usually long, conically pointed, 
 
 the segments subecpuil in length, the fourth not or only slightly longer than the third. 
 
 Isosoma A\'alker (type Ichneumon verlicellata Fabr.). 
 Mesonotum with the middle lobe nearly sinonth, delicately i)unetate, with usually delicate transverse 
 aciculations anteriorly ; abdomen very long, conically pointed, the fourth segment very long. 
 
 Euoxysoma Ashmead (type Systole hrachyptera Ashm.). 
 (i. Pedic'el longer than the fii-st joint of the funicle, the joints of the latter moniliform or nearly ; abdomen 
 ovate, with the fourth segnunit much longer than the others, except the second ; ppstmarginal vein 
 scarcely longer than the stigmal vein Isosomocharis .Vshmead (tyjie I. siilait Ashm.). 
 
260 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle or no longer, the first three joints of the fuuicle obcoui- 
 cal ; abdomen conically pointed, with tlie segments, except the second, which is the longest, nearly 
 of an equal length (sexual form) fhilachyra Haliday (type P. ips Hal.). 
 
 7. Mesonotum and scutellum highly polished, iiiipuiictate ; abdomen couie-ovate, as long as the head and 
 
 thorax united ; antennaj 11-joiutcd, tlic funicle 5-joiiited, the first joint the longest, obconical, longer 
 than the pedicel (Agamic form) Philachyra Haliday. 
 
 8. Marginal vein always longer than the .stigmal vein 9 
 
 Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Head and thorax umbilicately punctate, the former with a deep frontal furrow ; flagelhim fili- 
 form, the joints of the fuuicle long, three or more times longer than thick, l)rie(ly pedicellate 
 at apex, with two whorls of long hairs on each joint Isosomodes Ashracad. 
 
 9. Metathorax not abruptly and squarely truncate behind, either sloping or rounded 10 
 
 Metathorax quadrate, abruptly and squarely truncate behind ; head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 
 
 Isosomorplia Ashmead. 
 
 10. Thorax smooth and shining, impunctate or at the most very feebly, microscopically shagreened. . . 13 
 Thorax more or Ies.s distinctly umbilicately punctate, finely punctate, or coarsely shagreened, 
 
 opaque 11 
 
 11. Head and thorax finely punctate 12 
 
 Head and thorax more or less umbilicately punctate or coarsely shagreened. 
 
 Mesonotum more or less distinctly umbilicately punctate, not finely transversely aciculate ante- 
 riorly ; funicle joints long, more than thrice longer than thick, constricted or brielly pedicellate 
 at apex, with indistinct whorls of long haii-s Isosoma Walker. 
 
 Mesonotum not so punctate, the middle lobe smoother, delicately jiunctate, with usually delicate 
 transverse aciculations anteriorly Euoxysoma Ashmead. 
 
 12. Metathorax elongate ; abdomen clavate, the petiole slender, punctate, as long as the hind coxse, the 
 
 l)ody a little longer than the thorax ; antennie filiform, slender, p\ibescent. 
 
 Aiolcmorplius Walker (type^l. rhopaloidcs Walk.). 
 
 13. Funicle joints long, subcontracted near the middle and subpetiolate at apex, each joint with two, some- 
 
 what irregular, whorls of long hairs Isosomocliaris Ashmead. 
 
 Funicle joints long, petiolate or subpetiolate at apex, with long hairs, but not arranged in two whorls 
 and the joints cylindrical, without a median contraction ; abdomen oblong-oval, the petiole rugulose, 
 about twice as long as thick or a little longer, the second segment the longest segment, longer than 
 the third and fourth united, the latter about equal with those beyond Philachyra Haliday. 
 
 TiuHE in. Kurt/liiiiiiiii. 
 
 This is tlic most e.vtensive tribe in the iainily and the National iMuseuin collec- 
 tion contains many undescribed species. All of the species are genuine parasites 
 and destroy the larvte of several orders, Hynienoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, etc. 
 
 Dr. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia State Agriculture College, claims, 
 however, that Hruchoplui.gits [Euri/foma) fanehris Howard is phj^tophagous and 
 states he has proved it by a series of experiments. I think, however, some mistake 
 has been made and I cannot accept Dr. Hopkins' observation as conclusive. Dr. 
 Howard described it as having been bred from ('(vidomyia lugiimicoJa Lintner, living 
 
ASIIMEAD : CLASSIKICATION OF TIIK CHALCII) FIJKS 261 
 
 in clover seeil. All the other species, however, belonging to this genus, whose i)ara- 
 sitisni is known, destroy coleopterous larva3, and 1 am inclined to think that Ijoth 
 Drs. Howard and Hopkins are wrong, and that BrucJiophdijns fnnrhri.-; is a parasite 
 upon some lirnchvs, or tin; larva of a small I'hynchophorous beetle living in the 
 clover seed. 
 
 The genera ai'e numerous, but it is believed these may be easily recognized by 
 the use of the following table : 
 
 TABLE OF OENEKA. 
 
 1. FemaleK 2 
 
 Males 15 
 
 2. Non-metiillic 3 
 
 Metallic jjreen or blue, eoarsely, iimbilicately punctale. 
 
 Head in front quadricarinate (a carina along the inner orbils and bounding,' the liontal f'nrrow) ; 
 eyes surrounded by a ring of coarse punctures ; antennie 1 l-joinled, sometimes apjiearing 
 only 9-jointed by the union of the club joints ; funicle 6-jointed, the joints long, the first the 
 longest, about two-thirds the length of the .scape ; abdomen conic-ovate, the fifth segment the 
 longest Chryseida Spiiiola (tyjie (' superciliosa Spinola). 
 
 3. Mesonotura distinctly umbilicatcly ininctate 4 
 
 Mesonotum not umbilicately punctate, smooth or nearly, shagreened, or at least ruguloscly punctate. . 12 
 
 4. Fir»t joint of the funicle elongate, as long or nearly as the scape, or at least never less than two-thirds 
 
 the length of the scape .'J 
 
 First joint of the funicle not especially long, never long 'r than half the length of the scape, but 
 usually ranch shorter than that 6 
 
 5. Head with a deep antennal channel, the front ocellus lying in it at ajiex ; antenna' ll-jointed, filiform, 
 
 not or only slightly thickened toward apex. 
 
 Abdomen rarely much longer than the head and thora.x united, strongly compressed, pointed at 
 apex ; .seen from the side, the dorsum is strongly convexly elevated, the fifth segment the 
 
 longest Beplirata Cameron (type B. ruficollis Cam.). 
 
 Abdomen very elongate, narrow, lanceolate, compressed, fully twice as long as the head and 
 thorax united, the segments more nearly equal in length. 
 
 Aximogastra Ashmead, gen. nov. (tyjie ./. Imliise Ashni.). 
 
 (i. Mesonotum willi distinct, conii)lete parapsidal furrows 7 
 
 Mesonotum without parapsidal furrows or the farrows are only indicated anteriorly 14 
 
 7. Head sometimes with a deep frontal channel or antennal furrow, but the front ocellus is never i>laced 
 
 within it, but always above it near the anterior margin of the vertex 8 
 
 Head with a deep frontal channel or antennal furrow, the front ocellus always placed at the apex of 
 this furrow, never above it. 
 
 Scape elongate, more than twice longer than the first joint of the funicle, the funicle joints 
 rather long, the first about twice as long as thick ; abdomen compres.sed, not longer than the 
 head and thorax united, ending in a conical point ; the dorsum, as seen from the side, is 
 highly convexly elevated ; postmarginal vein variable, sometimes shorter than the marginal, 
 but rarely very much longer; hind tibia' with rather .short, stifl!' bristles behind. 
 
 Prodecatoma Ashmead, gen. nov. (type P. ftarescens Ashm.). 
 
262 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MI^SEUM 
 
 8. Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein well developed, 
 
 sometiines very long 9 
 
 Marginal vein short, not, or scarcely, longer than the stigmal vein, usually a little shorter, the post-mar- 
 ginal vein rarely well developed, rarely as long as the stigmal (in only a single case is it very long) . . 13 
 
 9. Hind tibise with 2 apical spurs 10 
 
 Hind tibias with 1 apical spur. 
 
 Funicle with the joints oval-moniliform ; eyes broadly oval. 
 
 Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead (type Eurytoma phyllexerse Ashm.). 
 
 10. Postmarginal vein very long, fully twice as long (or even longer) as the stigmal vein 11 
 
 Postmarginal vein not much longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Marginal vein scarcely longer than the stigmal ; antennae clavate, the club large, 3-jointed, the 
 joints of the funicle moniliform ; abdomen with the fifth segment, as seen from the side, two 
 or more times longer than wide ; head convex in front, the occiput deeply concave. 
 
 Eurytcmocliaris Ashmead (type E. mimda Ashm.). 
 
 Marginal vein very distinctly longer than the stigmal ; antennaj filiform or nearly, at most sub- 
 clavate, not greatly thickened towards apex, the joints of the funicle oblong, cylindrical ; 
 abdomen conic-ovate, subcompressed, the fifth segment, as seen from the side, shorter than 
 wide Eurytoma Illiger (type E. planata Illig.). 
 
 11. Hind tibi;e normal, not dilated 12 
 
 Hind tibiie compressed, dilated. 
 
 Head transverse, wider than the thorax, and thin antero-posteriorly, the eyes more or less 
 rounded, prominent ; antennse inserted far above the middle of the face, the scape very long, 
 reaching far above the ocelli and with a tooth or tubercle at apex beneath, the flagellum filiform 
 with sparse hairs, the iunicle joints more than twice longer than thick ; abdomen very strongly 
 compressed, the petiole long and slender. Eudoxinna Walker (type Sesxetra transversa Walk.). 
 
 12. Marginal vein at least one and a half times as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein not 
 
 longer than the stigmal ; abdomen conic-ovate, longer than the thorax, the fifth segment nearly 
 twice as long as the fourth ; antennse 11-jointed, the flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle 
 
 submoniliform Xanthosoma Ashmead (type A', nigricornis Ashm.). 
 
 Marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein and stout ; antennaj 11-jointed, the fla- 
 gellum clavate or subclavate ; abdomen globose, or short ovate, shorter than the thorax, the segments 
 subequal Systole Walker (type S. albipennis Walk.). 
 
 13. Abdomen short, subglobose, the fourth segment much the longest, enclosing the following. 
 
 Systolodes Ashmead (type S. brevicornis Ashm.). 
 Abdomen ovate, subcompressed (the tip sometimes produced into a stylus), the fourth and fifth seg- 
 ments short, although a little longer than the others, and subequal Bruchophagus Ashmead 
 
 (type B. boreal is Ashm.). 
 
 14. Head with a deep frontal furrow ; abdomen ovate, subcompressed, petiolate, the jietiolc usually not 
 
 short, the fifth segment the longest, but not greatly longer than the fourth. 
 
 Funicle 5-jointed, the joints moniliform or submonilifoiin, the first much shorter than the 
 
 pedicel Decatomidea Ashmead (type D. xanthochroa Ashm.). 
 
 1-5. Non-metallic, smooth, delicately shagreened or umbilicate punctate, raiely finely punctate 10 
 
 Metallic green or blue, coarsely umbilicately punctate. 
 
 Head in front quadricarinate, the carina along the orbits sometimes delicate ; funicle with the 
 joints excised at apex above, with whorls of long hairs Chryseida i^pinola. 
 
ASIIMKAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF TIIF, CHALCII) FLIES 263 
 
 IG. Mcsoiiotum closuly, distinctly, uiiil)ilicately imnctiite 17 
 
 Mesoiiotuin iwl umbilifatcly inim-tate, litlKT smootli or nearly, or shaj^reuiii'd or finely, re-^nlarly sculp- 
 tured 0(; 
 
 17. First joint of the llagellum long, as long as the scape or longer IS 
 
 First joint of the flagellum not especially long, always much shorter than the scape IS) 
 
 18. Head with a deep antennal furrow, the front ocellus placed within tlie furrow. 
 
 ? Known to me in ? sex only Bephrata Canici-on. 
 
 ? Known to me in 9 sex only Aximogastra Ashmea<l. 
 
 19. Mesonotum tvithout or with incomplete furrows. 28 
 
 Mesonotum. H'(7/i. distinct, complete furrows. 
 
 Head sometimes with a dec]) antennal furrow, but the front ocellus is never situated in the fur- 
 row 20 
 
 Head with a deep antennal furrow, the front ocellus always placed in the furrow at its apex. 
 
 Prodecatoma Ash mead. 
 
 20. Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the postraarginal vein well developed, 
 
 sometimes very long, always longer than the stigmal 21 
 
 Marginal vein short, not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein, usually shorter, the postmargiiuil 
 vein not well developed, not longer than the stigmal 27 
 
 21. Hind tibi;e with 2 apical spurs 22 
 
 Hind tibifc with 1 apical spur Phylloxeroxenus .Vshmead. 
 
 22. Postraarginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal vein 23 
 
 Postmarginal vein very long, fully twice as long (or longer) as the stigmal vi'in 2.5 
 
 23. Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein 24 
 
 Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal Eurytomocharis Ashmead. 
 
 24. Funicle 5-jointed, the joints at apex excised above and pedicellate with long, whorled hairs ; body of 
 
 abdomen rather small, subovate, the petiole usually longer than the hind coxa-, the fourth segment, 
 counting the petiole as the first, the longest Eurytoma Illiger. 
 
 25. Scape of autcnu;e long, with a tooth or tubercle at apex beneath ; joints of funicle long, slightly con- 
 
 tracted at the middle, each joint with two whorls of long bristles Eudoxinna ^\ alk. 
 
 26. Marginal vein slender, at least one and a half times as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein 
 
 not longer than the stigmal Xanthosoma Aslim. 
 
 Marginal vein rather stout, not longer than the stigmal vein ; funicle 4-jointed, the joints oval, briefly 
 petiolate at apex, with long, sparse hairs ; abdomen small, oval, the petiole about twice as long as 
 thick ; dorsal segment 2-4 subeiiual Systole A\'alk. 
 
 27. Funicle 4-jointed, the joints excised at apex above, the basal or thickened portion about twice as long- 
 
 as thick, with long hairs above; abdomen small, globose, the petiole rngulosc, the fourth segment the 
 
 longest Systolodes Ashmead. 
 
 Funicle 4-jointed, the joints briefly pedunculate at ai)ex, with sparse, long, irregidar liaii-s ; body of 
 abdomen oval, the petiole short, stout, the luurtb scununt the largest Bruchophagus .Vsbnuad. 
 
 28. Head with a deep antennal furrow Decatomidea .Vshmead. 
 
 TuiitF, IV. RUej/iiii. 
 Ill tliis trilie tlie nntciiniu are aliki-, or verv similar, in both se.xt's and 13-jointed, 
 with lii'u or three ring-joints ; they are never 12-jointe(-l or less as in the other tribes. 
 
264 MEMOIRS OF THE CAKNEOIE MUSEUM 
 
 I conside'i' the species composing this tfihe to be genuine Eurytuun<ls, but with 
 a habitus quite their own and difficult to describe intelhgently — the head, prono- 
 tum and abdomen being shghtly different from those in the EuryUjiainl. The 
 sculpture, too, except in the genus Neor'ileija, is different from other Eurytomids. 
 The shape of the abdomen in some of the species recalls to mind the sul)family 
 Onnyrime, in the Torymidie, the species of which have similar antenme and show 
 same affinity with this tribe. 
 
 Macrorileya is parasitic in the eggs of tree-crickets {(Ecanthus sp.) ; a species of 
 Neorileya was bred by Mr. Urich, in Tiinidad, W. I., from an egg of an unknown 
 orthopterous insect ; while tlie species belonging to the genus Rileya are parasitic 
 upon the larvae of various Cecidomyiids. 
 
 TABLE OF GENfiRA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males ■ 4 
 
 2. Head aud thorax smooth or nearly or at the most, very finely punctate, or feebly microscopically 
 
 shagreened 3 
 
 Head and thorax iimbilicately punctate. 
 
 Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, the hind margin arcuately emarginate, straight and trun- 
 cate in front ; mesonotum without fiinows ; axillse rather small, triangular, widely separated ; 
 antennae 13-jointed, with two ring-joints, the flagellum short, not twice the length of the scape, 
 subfiliform, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints subquadrate, hardly as long as wide ; marginal 
 vein scarcely longer than the stigmal, shorter than the postmarginal ; abdomen oval, de- 
 pressed, shorter or not longer than the thorax, subconvex above, and briefly petiolate, the 
 fourth segment much the longest, the third very short, the second and fifth about equal, 
 united not longer than the fourth Neorileya Ashmead, g. nov. (type N. flavipes Ashm.). 
 
 3. Antennie with three ring-joints. 
 
 Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, the hind margin straight, a little more than twice wider 
 than long and about as long as the mesonotum ; parapsidal furrows delicate but complete, or 
 nearly, sometimes obliterated anteriorly ; head (ransverse, a little wider than the thorax ; fla- 
 gellum subclavate, the funicle 5-jointed, joints 3-5 transverse ; marginal vein fully twice as 
 long as the stigmal and a little longer than the postmarginal ; abdomen suhcylindrical, conic- 
 ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, almost sessile, the fourth segnient very 
 
 large, occupying most of the surface, the others very short Bileya Ashmead 
 
 (type R. cccidomyise Ashm.). 
 
 Pronotum quadrate, a little nairowor than the inesouotuui and hardly shorter thau wide; par- 
 apsidal furrows distinct, complete ; head transverse, as wide as the thorax across from tegula 
 to tegula, subconeave behind, convex in front, with a fi-ontal excavation for the antennal 
 scape ; flagellum subclavate, the funicle 6-jointed, joints 2-6 subquadrate, the last two a little 
 wider than long ; marginal vein very long, more than twice longer than the stigmal vein, the 
 postmarginal vein very long and slender ; abdomen very long and narrow, lanceolate, sub- 
 compressed, nearly twice as long as the head and thorax united, joints .5, G and 7 long, tlie 
 sixth the longest of the three, the eighth projecting and pointed. 
 
 Macrorileya Ashmead g. nov. (type Bilei/a cvcantlii Ashm.). 
 
ASllMKAU: (LAS.slKl CATION UK THE ClIALCIl) FLIKS 205 
 
 4. AiitcuiKL' with three ring-joints 5 
 
 Autcnnte with two ring-joints. 
 
 Head and thorax umbilicately punctata, the iiaraiisidal furrows wanting ; jiroiioluni as wide as 
 the mesonotuin, the liind margin areuately eniarginatu ; llagcHinn filiform, juihcscent, the 
 joints subquadrate Neorileya Ashmiad. 
 
 5. Head and thorax smooth or nearly, at most very finely punftalu or microscoiiii-ally shagivened, (he 
 
 parapsidal furrows sometimes delicate but distinct. 
 
 Pronotum as wide as the mesonotum, more than twiuu wider tlian hing ; abdonuii ovate, llie 
 fourth segment very long; flagellum filiform, piiheseeut, the joints of the fiiniele nearly 
 
 equal, a little wider than long Rileya Ashmead. 
 
 Pronotum quadrate, nearly as long as wide and a little narrower than the mesonotum ; abdomen 
 elongate, cylindrical, as long as the head and thorax united, the segments sube(iual ; flagellum 
 subclavate, gradually thickened towards the tip, the last two joints of funicle transverse. 
 
 Macrorileya Ashmead. 
 
 Tribe V. Dccatoinhii. 
 
 This tribo is veiy closely allied to the ti'ibe EunjUnnhii, but is readily separated 
 from it and the other tribes by the much thickened or stigmated marginal vein, 
 and by the anteniue being alike, or very similar, in both sexes. The hind tibite are 
 always armed with rigid bristles behind. Some of the Eiirytomhii, however, also 
 have similarly armed tibiae, so that this character in itself is not sufficient to dis- 
 tinguish the group. 
 
 All the species are parasitic upon hymenopterous and dipterous gall-makers. 
 ( Ci/nqmhe and Cedduymjiidiv). 
 
 Only two genera fall into this tribe, distingui-shed as follows': 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. Wings hyaline, with a dusky submarginal blotch or band ; antennte i)-;ointed, with one ring-joint, the 
 
 club usually not jointed, if with :J indistinct joints, 11-jointed, pedicel obconical, nearly thrice as long 
 
 as thick at apex Decatoma Spinola (type Diplolepis adonidum Rossi). 
 
 Wings hyaline, without a dusky submarginal blotch ; jjcdicel shorter, not or hardly twice as long a.s 
 thick at apex Eudecatoma Ashmead (type E. batatoldes Ashmead). 
 
 3. Wings hyaline, with a dusky or fuscous submarginal blotch or band Decatoma Spinola. 
 
 Wings hyaline, without a dusky submarginal blotch ; all femora considerably swollen. 
 
 Eudecatoma Ashmead. 
 Family LXIV. PERILAMPID.K. 
 1846. Eucharidte, Family (partim), Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 103. 
 1856. Perilampoidaj, Family IX., Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 22 and 46. 
 1875. Perilami^ina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 11, 22. 
 1886. Perilampinte, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 
266 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 1897. Perilainpida?, Family LXIV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasliingtoii, I\'., p. 
 245. 
 
 Francis Walker j)lace(l this family with the Kiirhar'nhi; with which it is unqiies- 
 tionahly closely allied. It is, however, easily separated from the Eiicharidx hy 
 many salient differences, and I agree with Dr. Forster in considering it a distinct 
 family. It has some affinities allying it with the family 3Iiscof/asteridfe, the affinities 
 existing also in the Eucharidte and particularly through Cameron's genus Orasema. 
 
 Chrysolampus Spinola helongs to this family and not with the PteromalidR', 
 where Dr. Von Dalla Torre has placed it. His changing the well-known subfamily 
 Sphigigasterinie into Chrysolampinse, is therefore unnecessary and unwarranted. 
 Chrysolampiis is identical with Laviprostylus Forster. 
 
 The group attacks principally Lepidoptera, hut will also attack other insects, as 
 I have bred Perilampus sp. from Ghrysopa cocoons. 
 
 The genera are not numerous and are characterized in the following table : 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Abdomen petiolate 6 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile 2 
 
 2. Scutellum normal, although sometimes very large, uot produced into a long spine 3 
 
 Scutellum produced into a long spine Euperilampus Walker (type Perilampus gloriosus Walk.). 
 
 3. Thorax smooth, not coarsely punctate 5 
 
 Thorax coarsely punctate. 
 
 Antennae 13-joiuted 4 
 
 AntennjB 9-jointed (teste Krieehbaumer) Sericops Kriechbaumer 
 
 (type S. fasciala Kriechbaumer). 
 
 4. Flagellum very short, compacted into a short club Philom.ides Haliday (type P. paphiua Haliday). 
 
 Flagellum not \ery short, at the most subclavate. . . Perilampus Latreille (type Ci/nips italica Fabricius). 
 
 5. Anteunie inserted below the middle of the face, 13-jointed ; stigmal and postmarginal veins abbreviated. 
 
 Chrysomalla Forster (type C. roseri Forster). 
 
 6. Antennse simple 7 
 
 Antenn;e pectinate. ^ (i unknown) Aperilampus Walker (type Ptrikiinpus discohr Walker). 
 
 7. Metathorax thickly and deeply punctate Chrysolampus Spinola = Lamprostylus Forster 
 
 (type C. splendidula Spinola). 
 
 Jlelathorax not so punctured, smooth or with only a few punctures Elatus Walker 
 
 (type E. thenie Walker). 
 
 F.uiiLv LXV. EUCHARID.E. 
 1846. Eucharidte, Family 5 (partim), Walker, List. Chalc. British Museum, I., p. 21. 
 1856. Eucharoidte, Familie 8, Forster, Hym. Stud., II. , pp. 18, 22 and 42. 
 1886. Eucharinaj, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1897. Eucharidie, Family I>XV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 235. 
 1899. Eucharidse, Family LXV., Ashmead, loc. cit, p. 245. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FMKS 267 
 
 1900. EuclKiridiC, Family LXV., Aslunead, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XX III., 
 p. 202. 
 
 In this family are found some of the most singular looking and wonderfully 
 shaped Chalcids known, the structure of the thorax, and particularly of the scutel- 
 lum, being most wonderfully and curiously modified and developed ; and this de- 
 velopment, in connection with the brilliant metallic green and blue colors of its 
 members, makes the group the most striking and attractive of any in the Superfam- 
 ily. Some of the species are now known to be parasitic upon ants and probalily 
 the whole group attacks these insects. In temperate regions the family is poorly 
 represented, l)ut in tropical counti-ics, where ants most abound and flourish in enor- 
 mous colonies, these insects are not rare and seem to have reached a very highly 
 specialized development. 
 
 The known genera may l)e tabulated as follows : 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males -1 
 
 2. Antennw 13-jointed or less 3 
 
 Antennae 14-pointed or more. 
 
 Scutellum simple; antennae 16-18-jointe<l Eucharissa Westwoofl (type E. .iprrwsn Wa^tw.). 
 
 Scutellum produced posteriorly into a spine which is hiiii;itu(lin;ill> sliiatc ; aiitcnii.i' 14-joinlc(l. 
 Saccharissa Kii-liy (type Kucliiiri.^ ronlingcns Walker). 
 
 3. Scutellum simple, neither bidentate nor produced into long processes 4 
 
 Scutellum bidentate or produced posteriorly into long processes over the al«lomen 11 
 
 4. Antenna; moniliform -"J 
 
 Antenna; not moniliform f> 
 
 r>. Abdomen compressed, ascending Eucharis Lalreille (type Ci/nlps ndsccndcns Falir.). 
 
 .'Vhdonicn neither compressed nor ascending. 
 
 Hind tarsi with the first joint nuuh tliickened ; antenna- 1 1-jointed Tricoryna Kiihy 
 
 (ty|ic Eucharis jello Walt.). 
 
 Ilin.l tarsi with the lirst joint very hmg, l)at not thickened Metagea Kirby 
 
 (type Eucharis Zaliitcs Walk.). 
 
 f>. .Joints of antenna' not serrate, cylindrical ' 
 
 •Joints of antenna; serrate or subdentate !' 
 
 7. .\ntenna' 13jointed, the joints short !^ 
 
 .\ntenna' 1 1-jointed, the joints long. 
 
 Thorax smooth, polislicd ; i)eti()le of abdomen abruptly enlarged at apex. 
 
 Pseudometagea Ashmead (type Metagea schicarzii Ashni.). 
 
 Thorax rugose : petiole of alxlonien normal, long and cylindrical .Psilogaster Blanchard 
 
 (type P. ciiprciis lilanchard). 
 
 8. Thora.x not greatly elevated, similar to Chrysolampus in the l'erilanipida>, punctate and with complete 
 
 panipsidal furrows ; mandildes long, acute at apex, the right mandible with two teeth within, the 
 left with one tooth within Orasema Cameron (type O. siramineipes Cam.). 
 
268 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 9. Antennae 1 l-jointed 10 
 
 Antennic 13-jointed JlMpipallus Kirby (type Enchnrix vohisnK AValk.). 
 
 10. Scutellum rounded, not conically elevated posteriorly ; wings hyaline. Pseudochalcura Ashniead g. nov. 
 
 (type Eucliai-is ylhbosa Provaneher). 
 Scutellum subconically elevated posteriorly; wings with a substigmal cloud or fascia. Chalcura Kirby 
 
 (type Eucharis deprivafa Walk.). 
 
 11. Scutellum with the processes verj' long, usually as long as the abdomen and sometimes very broad, 
 
 forming a shield over the abdomen, or conically produced 13 
 
 Scutellum bidentate, the processes never very long. 
 
 Metathorax armed with strong lateral projections or teeth 12 
 
 Metathorax unarmed, without teeth. 
 
 A hump-like elevation above the metapleura Stilbula Spinola 
 
 (type Ichneumon cynipiformis Rossi). 
 
 No hump-like elevation above the metapleura ScMzaspidia We.stwood 
 
 (type S. furcifera Westw.). 
 
 12. Metathoracic processes curving downwards LophyTOcera Cameron (type L. straminelpes Cam.). 
 
 Metathoracic processes con.sisting of two diverging horizontal teeth Tetramelia Kirby 
 
 (type Schizaspidia phigiafa Walk.). 
 
 13. Scutellum not conically produced 14 
 
 Scutellum conically produced over the abilomen. 
 
 Head with a deep antennal furrow ; hind femora very broad ; abdomen subsessile, fusifoiTn, 
 depressed Destefania Dalla Torre (type Sternodes Pasaieri De Stef ). 
 
 14. Seutellar processes long and slender, generally curving inward toward tips 18 
 
 Scutellar processes very broad and covering the entire abdomen. 
 
 Thorax not pubescent, the apex of the scutellar processes simple, or cleft or notched 15 
 
 Thorax pubescent, the apex of the scutellar processes rounded and not sharply cleft, the notch 
 extending two thirds the entire length 1" 
 
 15. Scutellar processes long, broad and contiguous, but very flat, the extremities rounded, subtruncate, or 
 
 furnished with two rounded short .spines 16 
 
 Scutellar processes not so shaped. 
 
 Scutellar processes very broad, triangular .... Thoracantha Latreille (type T. latreillei Gueriii). 
 Seutellar processes long, contiguous and acutelj' pointed at tips, longitudinally striate. 
 
 Uromelia Kirby (type Thoracantha striata Perty). 
 
 16. Mesonotum and scutellum medially impressed ; head almost as wide as the thorax ; antennae lO-jointed, 
 
 the third joint as long as the scape, the following much wider than long Dicoelothorax Ashmead 
 
 (type D. plftli/rerii-fi Ashm.). 
 
 Mesonotum and .scutellum not so impressed, the scutellar processes having the basal portion as wide as 
 
 the thorax, briefly compressed in the center, then dilated and at the apex furnished with two rounded 
 
 short spines Laetocantha Shipp (type Thoracantha nasvn Walk.). 
 
 17. Antenmc 10-jointcd, the first funicle joint the longest, the following short Dilocantha Shipp 
 
 (type TJioracantha flaricornh AValk.). 
 
 18. Head and eyes noi-mal, not tubereulate 19 
 
 Head and eyes tubereulate. 
 
 Antenna; 12-jointcd Isomeralia Shipp (type Thonicnntha coronala Westw.). 
 
 19. Antenna; 11-jointed, the third joint not much longer than the fourth 20 
 
ASHJtRAD : PLASSIFIfATION OF THE CHALCIP FIJES 269 
 
 Antenna? 10-jointe<l, the tliird joint very lon^, as long as all of the otluT joints iiniti'd. 
 
 Lirata Cameron (type L. hitcoj/ustcr Cam.). 
 
 20. Thorax not pubescent, the .scutelluni always lousitndinally striate Kapala Cameron 
 
 (type Eiicharis fuscida Fabr.). 
 Thorax clothed with a fine pubescence, the scutellum smooth, not lonj'ittidinally striate, the processes 
 
 smooth to their apices, where they are transversely serrate Lasiokapala Ashmead 
 
 (type L. scn-ala Ashni.). 
 
 21. Scutelluni spincd, bidcntate or produced into long processes extending over the sculelluni 22 
 
 Scutellum normal, simple 23 
 
 22. Scutellum bidendate or produced into long processes that extend over the abdomen 28 
 
 Scutellum produced into a spine-like process. 
 
 Antenna; never more than l;>-jointed 29 
 
 Antennic 18-jointed Saccharissa Kirby. 
 
 2.3. Antenna; 10-13-jointed 24 
 
 Antenna; 22-jointcd Eucharissa Westwood. 
 
 24. Antenmo simjile, witliout branches 25 
 
 AntenniB ramose or with branches 28 
 
 25. Flagellar joints moniliform 2G 
 
 Flagellar joints cylindrical, not moniliform 27 
 
 26. Abdomen compressed, ascending Eucharis Latreille. 
 
 Abdomen neither compressed nor ascending. 
 
 First joint of tarsi much thickened Tricoryna K irby . 
 
 First joint of tarsi very long, slender Metagea Kirliy. 
 
 27. Antennse lO-U-jointed. 
 
 Petiole of abdomen abruptly enlarged at apex ; thorax smooth Pseudometagea Ashmead. 
 
 Petiole of abdomen normal, long, cylindrical ; thorax rugose Psilogaster Itlanchard. 
 
 Antenna' 13-jointed, rather short ; thorax closely pun(;tate, the parapsidal furrows distinct : right man- 
 dible with two teeth within, the left with one tooth within Orasema Cameron. 
 
 28. Scutellum spined, bidcntate or produced into long processes that extend over the abdomen 2i» 
 
 Scutellum normal, unarmed. 
 
 Antenna' with 4 branches ; wings hyaline Pseudochalcura Aslniiea<l. 
 
 Antenna' with more than four branches ; wings with a substigmal cloud oi- fascia. 
 
 Chalcura Kirby. 
 
 29. Scutellum not conically produced into a .spine 30 
 
 Scutellum conically produced into a spine Destefania Dalla Torre. 
 
 30. Scutellum with the processes very long, usually as long as the alxlomen and sometimes very broad, 
 
 forming a shield over the abdomc?i 32 
 
 Scutellum bidcntate, the teeth lU'vcr very long. 
 
 Metathorax armed with strong lateral projections or teeth 32 
 
 Metathorax unarmed, without teeth. 
 
 A hump-like elevation above the metapleura Stibula Spinola. 
 
 No hump-like elevation above the metapleura Schizaspidia Westwood. 
 
 31. Mi'tathoracic jirocesses curving downwards ; antenna' .sim])le Lophyrocera Cameron. 
 
 Metathoracic ])roees.ses consisting of two hoi'i/.ontal teeth ; antenna' with 9 branches. 
 
 Tetramelia Kirby. 
 
270 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 32. Scutellar processes long and slender, generally curving inward toward tips 36 
 
 Scutellar processes broad, contiguous their entire length or at least basally 33 
 
 33. Scutellar process long, broad and contiguous, but very flat, the extremities lounded, subtruncate or 
 
 furnished with two rounded, short spines 34 
 
 Scutellar processes not so shaped. 
 
 Scutellar process very bioad, deeply, seniicircularly emarginalc at apex ; antenna' with 9 
 
 branches Thoracantha T^atreille. 
 
 Scutellar processes long, triangularly pointed and longitudinally striate ; antennie with 8 
 branches Uromelia Kirby. 
 
 34. Thorax ]nil)escent 35 
 
 Tliorax not pubescent. 
 
 Mesonotum and scutellum medially impressed ; antenuEB 10-joiuted. . . .Diccelotlioraz Ashmead. 
 
 Mesonotum and scutellum not impressed, the scutellar processes at base as wide as the thorax, 
 briefly compressed in the center, then dilated and at apex furnished with two rounded, short 
 spines Lsetocantha Shipp. 
 
 35. Scutellar processes at apex rounded and not sharjily cleft, the notch extending two thirds the entire 
 
 length Dilocantha Shipj). 
 
 36. Head and eyes normal, not tuberculate 37 
 
 Head and eyes tuberculate Isomeralia Shipp. 
 
 37. Antenuie 11-jointed, the third joint not much longer than the fourth 38 
 
 Antenna; 10-jointed, the third joint very long, as long as the other joints united . . .Lirata Cameron. 
 
 38. Thorax not pubescent, the scutellum longitudinally striate Kapala Cameron. 
 
 Thorax clothed with a fine pubescence, the scutellum smooth, not striate, tlio apices of the scutellar 
 
 processes serrate Lasiokapala Ashmead. 
 
 Family LXVL MISCOGASTERID.E. 
 1833. Miscogasteridte, Famil}' 4 (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., I, p. 370. 
 185G. Miscogasteroidre, Faniilie 14 (partim), Forster, H}'!!!. Stud., II, pp. 19, 24 and 
 
 51. 
 1875. Pteromalina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 2ir). 
 188G. PteromalinfB, subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I, p. 198. 
 1897. Miscogasterida?., Family LXVL, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
 
 pp. 235 and 245. 
 1900. Miscogasteridfe, Family LXVL, Aslimoad, Proc. U. S. National INIuseum, 
 
 XXIIL, p. 202. 
 'I'liis family very closely resembles the family Plcronudiihr, and the two are sep- 
 arated with difficulty, the only reliable character to separate them being the num- 
 ber of apical spurs on the hind tibise. In this family the hind tibire have lira apical 
 spurs, while in the Plrronutlidn' there is but one apical spur. It is a good character 
 l)ut not easily seen in the smaller species, and the greatest care and caution must 
 be exercised in examining specimens before they can be placed in their proper fam- 
 ilies. A very strong lens is required to see the spurs and sometimes it will be found 
 
ashmkad: classification of thk ciialcid fi.iks 271 
 
 necessary to use the cuinpound microscope before the number of spurs, in these 
 minute chalcidids, can be definitely settled. 
 
 Four distinct subfamilies, distinguished In' the characters made use of in tlie fol- 
 lowing taljle, have been recognized : 
 
 TABLK OF iSUBFAMILIES. 
 
 1. Mt'tathorax at apex iduiliuud lnvuiiil the inst-rtiou of the hind coxa-; the alMlc.iii.n petiolate or sub- 
 
 petiohite 4 
 
 Mctathorax normal, not produced at apex 2 
 
 2. Abdomen distinctly petiolate ; ifsubsessile it is elongate and stronjily eariiiate l)eneath 3 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile. 
 
 Auteuntc 8-11-jointed, inserted Just above the clyiieus or elose to the mouth l)order. 
 
 Subfamily I. PikeniNjK. 
 
 Antenna' 12-13-jointe<l, and most freciuently inserted far al)ove the elypeus, very rarely inserted 
 
 just above the elypeus Subfamily II. TridymiNvt;. 
 
 3. Autennie 12-13-jointed ; marginal vein always shorter than the subcostal, the costal cell normal ; 
 
 second abdominal segment often large but not especially lengtliened ; ovipositor not exserted ; meso- 
 thoracic furrows most frequently complete Subfamily III. MlscoGASTERIN.aE. 
 
 4. Antenna; 13-14-jointed, subclavate, inserted below tlie middle of tlie face ; front wings with the mar- 
 
 ginal vein very long, usually fully as long as the subcostal vein ; second abdominal segment much 
 lengthened ; ovipositor usually exserted ; mesothoracic furrows incomplete ; r? antenna; often verti- 
 cellate-pilose Subfamily IV . Lklapin^. 
 
 SUP.FAMILV I. IMRENIN.E. 
 1843. Pireniani, Tribus (partim), Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loudon, III., p. 205. 
 1856. Pyrenoidte, Familie (partim), FOrster, Hym. Stud., II. , pp. 18, 22 and 40. 
 1875. Pirenina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 187. 
 1880. Pirenina', Subfamily (partim), Howard", Ent. Amer., L, p. l'.)8. 
 1899. Pireninaj, Subfamily 1., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 
 
 This group is of small extent, although widely distributed. It is separated from 
 the other subfamilies principally by the paucity of joints in the antennte, and most 
 of the species falling in it, whose parasitism is known, attack dipterous larvtc. 
 
 The genera Culijpso and MacnMjknes are easily separated by the different shaped 
 heads in the males. Neither Haliday nor Thomson, however, give the characters 
 to separate the females, and since I am only acquainted with Macroyleiies, it has been 
 impossiljle to give characters to separate the females. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 9 
 
 2. Eyes pubescent 3 
 
 Eyes bare 5 
 
272 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIK MUSEUM 
 
 3. Abdomon witli the secoiul segment occupying about one half tlie whole surfiice or only a litlle more. 
 
 Anteunie ll-jointe<l, the scape long, slendei-, the pedicel at least as long as the club ; marginal 
 
 vein not more than Jour times the length of the stigmal vein Erotolepsia Howard 
 
 (type E. compada Howard). 
 AntenniE 10-jointed, the scape short and slender, the pedicel shorter than the club; marginal 
 
 vein long, about six times the length of the stigmal vein Herbertia Howard 
 
 (type n. /)(ce?!S Howard). 
 
 5. Antcnnie 10-jointed, with one or two ring-joiuts. 
 
 Maxillary palpi 2-jointed 8 
 
 Maxillary palpi 4-jointcd 6 
 
 6. Ovipositor exserted 7 
 
 Ovipositor not exserted. 
 
 Postmarginal and stigmal veins very short. 
 
 ? Calypso Haliday (type C serratulie Haliday). 
 
 ? Macroglenes Westwood (type Ichneumon penetrans Kirby). 
 
 7. Antcnuie with two ring-joints ;' postmarginal and stigmal veins very short Pirene Haliday 
 
 (type P. rariconiis Hal.). 
 
 Anteun;e with one ring-joint ; i)o.stmarginal and stigmal veins long Ecrizotes Forstcr 
 
 (type K monticola FSrster). 
 
 8. Legs abnormal, the tibi;e strongly inflated or swollen, stouter than the femora, the tarsi short and 
 
 slender, the joints very short ; clypeus triangularly produced Spathopus A.shmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (type S. anomalipes Ashm.). 
 
 9. Eyes pubescent 10 
 
 Eyes bare 11 
 
 10. Anteunse 11-jointed ; marginal vein not more than four times the length of the stigmal, the latter with 
 
 a distinct club Erotolepsia Howard. 
 
 Antennte 10-jointed ; marginal vein about six times the length of the stigmal vein. Herbertia Howard. 
 
 11. Autennjc 10-jointed, with one or two ring-joints. 
 
 Maxillary palpi ^wo-jointed 13 
 
 Maxillary palpi /oKr-joiuted 12 
 
 12. Eyes normal, not converging above Calypso Haliday. 
 
 Eyes abnormal, converging and nearly meeting above on the vertex Macroglenes Westwood. 
 
 13. Marginal vein not twice as long as the stigmal vein ; flagellum not cla\ate Pirene Haliday. 
 
 Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein, thickened at the base ; flagellum short, clavate, 
 
 the joints of the ftmicle mouiliform, pilose Ecrizotes For.ster. 
 
 Subfamily II. Tkidymin.I!;. 
 1835. Ormoceridfe, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., II., p. 1G7. 
 1856. Ormoceroidaj, Familie 15 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., p]). T.) and 24. 
 1856. Hormoceroidfe, Familie 15 (partim), Forster, (qms cif., ]>. 59. 
 1875. Tridyminse Tribus, (partim) Thomson, Hjnn. Skand. p|). 12 and 192. 
 1886. Tridyrainte, Subfamily, (partim) Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1899. Tridyminse, Subfamily II. , Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 247. 
 
ashmead: classification of the chalcii) flies 273 
 
 This subfamily seems to l)e a natural group of gall-iiilialiitiiig species, allied to 
 the Pireniiuv, but easil}'^ separated by the structure of the anteniue. 
 Two tribes may be distinguished : 
 
 table of tribes. 
 
 Mesonotum with complete, distinct fiiiiows Tribe I. Tridymini. 
 
 Mesouotuui with incomplete furrows, iiulitati'd only anteriorly Tribe IL Metasteuini 
 
 Tkikk 1. Tndiinunl. 
 The complete mesonotal furrows distinguish this tribe. Most of the species fall- 
 ing in this tribe are parasitic upon gall-making or gall-inhabiting Diptera, belonging 
 to the famil}' Cecidorui/ildn: J\jtnarn.s Mayr, however, is a genus living parasitic- 
 ally upon fig-insects in Urazil, ami one or two exotic genera attack other gall- 
 inhabiting insects. 
 
 TABLE OF (iENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 15 
 
 2. Antenna; inserte<l mar the moutli or just abuvc the clypeus 3 
 
 Antennae inserted ou or mar Uic luiddlc ol' the face, far above tlie elypeus 8 
 
 3. Marginal vein normal 4 
 
 Marginal vein abnormal, semieireularly tliitkciied at the base Stigmatocrepis Ashmead g. nov. 
 
 (type .S'. americana Aslmi.). 
 
 4. Clypeus at apex truncate or with a slight median simis, never produced 5 
 
 Clypeus at apex triangularly produced. 
 
 Antennae 12-jointed, the flagellum clavate, the joints of the funicle quadrate or transverec ; 
 abdomen ovate or conic ovate Tridymus Katzeburg (type T. aphidum Ratz.). 
 
 5. Head and thorax not umbilicately punctate, at the most finely punctate, shagreened or rugulose, some- 
 
 times smooth 6 
 
 Head and thorax umbilicately punctate. 
 
 F'ront wings hyaline, sometimes with a smoky discoidal cloud, the iii;ugiiial \ciii much longer 
 than the stigmal, the latter with an upward cur\ e, the lust marginal \ein not longer 
 than the stigmal ; antenna' 13-jointed witli 2 ring-joints, tlie pedicel not long. 
 
 Decatomothorax Ashmead g. nov. (type D. gallivota A.shm.). 
 
 6. Head and thorax finely punctate or shagrcenod, rarely smooth 7 
 
 Head and thorax finely rugulose ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal vein, the latter .straight, 
 
 but oblique, not curved, postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; antenn;e 13-jointed, with 2 
 ring-joints, the pedicel large, as long as or a little longer than the ring-joints and the tirst joint 
 of the funicle united Allodenna A.shmead g. nov. (type A. maculipennis Ashm.). 
 
 7. Abdomen conically produced, the ovipositor exscrted ; antenna^ iL'-jointed, the funicle joints trans- 
 
 verse ; marginal vein more than twice the length of the stigmal vein Gastrancistrus Westwood. 
 
 (type G. vagans Westw.). 
 
 Abdomen short oval, above; depressed, beneath boat-shaped ; antenna- l;!-jointcd, the funicle 6-jointed, 
 
 the joints short, nearly cup-shaped Oxygl3T)ta Forster. 
 
274 MEMOIKS OF THE CAKXEdlE MUSEUM 
 
 8. Front wings normal 9 
 
 Front wings with the i)ortiou foinprising the costal cell dilated and obliquely truncate at the juncture 
 
 of the submarginal vein with the marginal. 
 
 Antennie 13-joiuted, the flagellum dilated, the joints of funide transverse, subpedunculate. 
 
 Epicopterus Westwood (type E. cJiorcifoniiis Westw.). 
 
 9. Antennse 13-jointed, with 2 or 8 ring joints 13 
 
 Antennce 11- or 12-joiuted 10 
 
 10. Thorax at most sparsely punctate, or almost smooth 11 
 
 Thorax slightly rugulosely punctate ; antennaj 12-jointed ; marginal vein about twice as long as the 
 
 stigmal Syntasis Walker (type S. encyitoides Walk.). 
 
 11. Wings with marginal cilia- 12 
 
 Wings without marginal ciliie. 
 
 Antenna' 12-jointed, with one ring-joint b 
 
 Antenme 11- or 12-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
 
 Antennie 11-jointed; abdomen as long as the head and thorax united, compressed. 
 
 Syntomocera Forster (type S. clavicornia Forst.). 
 Antennje 12 jointed ; abdomen elongated, usually compressed and carinate beneath. 
 
 Asematus Forster (type^. amphibolus Forst.). 
 
 b. Abdomen oblong, fully as long as the head and thorax united ; head short, subconvex in ft'ont ; 
 
 mesonotum not short, the furrows deep. Cecidoxenus Ashm. g. nov. (type C. nigrocyaneus Ashm.). 
 
 12. Antennse 13-jointed, subclavate, the joints of the funicle, except the first, quadrate or nearly ; meta- 
 
 thorax short with a median carina, the spiracles small, oval ; head with sparse, thimble-like punc- 
 tures ; abdomen conic-ovate Semiotellus Westwood (type Semiotus mundus Walk.). 
 
 13. Anteunie'with two ring-joints 14 
 
 Antenuie with three ring-joints. 
 
 Abdomen depressed, the ovipositor subexserted, never very long, at the most one third the 
 
 length of the abdomen, usually shorter. .Spocerus Mayr (type ^. excavatua Mayr). 
 
 1-1. Metathorax short, with a, median carina; abdomen compressed, above depressed, beneath keeled. 
 
 Terobla Foi-ster (type T. dispila Forst.). 
 Metathorax very short, without a median carina ; abdomen subglobose or short oval ; flagellum sub- 
 clavate, the pedicel large, the joints of the funicle small, submoniliform, increasing in size towards 
 the club Paraterobia Ashmead g. nov. (type P. nigrieeps Ashm.). 
 
 15. Antenna3 inserted near the mouth or just above the clypeus IC 
 
 Antennas inserted on or near the middle of the face, far above the clypeus 21 
 
 16. Marginal vein normal 17 
 
 Marginal vein abnormal, semicircularly thickened at the base Stigmatocrepis Ashmead. 
 
 17. Clypeus at apex truncate or with a slight median sinus, never produced IS 
 
 Clypeus at apex triangularly produced. 
 
 Antennie 12-jointed, the flagellum liliforni, pubescent or hairy, the funicle joints quadrate or 
 transverse quadrate, losely joined Tridymus Ratzeburg. 
 
 18. Head and thorax not umbilicately punctate, at the most finely punctate, shiigrecned or rugulose, 
 
 sometimes smooth 19 
 
 Head and thorax unibiliciitely punctixtc. 
 
 Antennas 13-jointed with two ring-joints Decatomothorax Ashmead. 
 
 19. Head and thorax finely punctate or shagreened, riirely smooth 20 
 
ASHMKAD : CLASSIFK'ATION OF THE CHAI.CID FLIES 275 
 
 Head and thorax finelj' rugulose ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal, the latter straight but ob- 
 lique, not curved, postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal ; antenna 13-jointed with two ring- 
 joints Alloderma xVshmcad. 
 
 20. Antenna; 12-joiuted Gastrancistrus Westwood. 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed Oxyglypta Forster. 
 
 21. Front wings normal 22 
 
 Front wings abnormal, the portion comprising the costal cell (Iilate<l and ohliiiucly truncate at the 
 
 juncture of the submarginal vein with the marginal ; antenna' l:'.-j(iinted. .. .Epicopterus Wcstwood. 
 
 22. Antennie 13-jointed, with two or three ring-joints 26 
 
 Anteunje 11- or 12-jointed 23 
 
 23. Thorax at most sparsely punctate or nearly smooth 24 
 
 Thorax slightly rugulosely punctate ; antenuic 12-jointed Syntasis Walker. 
 
 24. Wings with marginal ciliie 25 
 
 Wiugs without marginal ciliaj. 
 
 AnteuusB 12-jointed with one ring-joint Cecedoxenus Ashmead. 
 
 Antenuse 11- or 12-jointed with two ring-joints. 
 
 Antennffi 11-jointed, with two ring-joints Syntomocera Fiirster. 
 
 Antenna; 12-jointed, with two riug-joints Asematus Forster. 
 
 25. Antennse 13-jointed Semiotellus Westwood. 
 
 26. Antennae with two ring-joints 27 
 
 Antennae with three ring-joints .Spocerus Mayr. 
 
 27. Metathorax short, with a median carina Terobia Forster. 
 
 TiUBE II. Mctastenini. 
 The species falling in this tribe are easily separated from tlK)se in the tribe 
 Tridymini by mesonotal characters, the parapsidal furrows being incomplete. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 11 
 
 2. Antennte 12-jointed, with two ring-joints 3 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed, with two ring-joints "i 
 
 3. Flagellum inera.ssated ; mandibles 3-dentate, the malar space not large ; nietanolum short, smooth, with 
 
 a distinct median carina, the spiracles small ; marginal vein longer than the stigmal vein, the post- 
 marginal very long Metastenus Wallier (type M. concinus Walk.). 
 
 Flagellum at the most subclavate, the club S-jointed ; mandiljles (?) 4-dentate, the malar space large ; 
 axilla; widely separated ; metanotum punctate, witli a median carina ; marginal vein thickened, as 
 long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal longer Disema Forster (type D. pallipes Forster). 
 
 4. Tip of antenna; normal, not ending in a spine •"' 
 
 Tip of antenna; ending in a spine, as in Rhaphitrle>f Walk., the flagellum long and slender, the fuuicle 
 
 joints all long; left mandible 3-, the right 4-(lentate ; metathorax not short, without a median 
 carina, the spiracles large, oval ; abdomen large, depressed, very much longer than the head and 
 thorax united Stylophorella Ashmead, g. nov. (type .V. perplexa Ashm.). 
 
 5. Pronotum not distinctly separated 6 
 
 Pronotum distinctly separated 8 
 
276 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 G. Funiclo filiform, the first joint large. 
 
 Marginal vein slender, always longer than the stigmal vein ; abdomen ovate 7 
 
 Marginal vein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Body short ; clypeus bidentate ; mandibles 3-dentate Xenocrepis Fiirster 
 
 (type denorrcpis areiiicola Thorns.). 
 
 7. Abdomen with a yellow band at base ; metathora.x short, wilh a median carina and lateral folds ; cly- 
 
 peus separated, anteriorly arcuate Dimaclius Thomson (type Pteromalus discolor Walk.). 
 
 Abdomen inlhout a yellow band at base ; metathorax not .short, without a median carina ; clypeus 
 separated, smooth, with a median tooth anteriorly. . Hemitrichus Thomson (type H. rufipes Thoms.). 
 
 8. Flagcllum with the first joint short 9 
 
 Flagellum with the first joint long, cylindrical 10 
 
 9. Antennae .short, clavate in both sexes, inserted a little below the middle of the face ; clypeus at apex 
 
 truncate ; metathorax rather short, without lateral folds, tlie spiracles rounded.. ..Habritus Thomson 
 
 (type Pteromalus brevicornis Ratzeburg). 
 Antennte filiform, inserted on the middle of the face ; clypeus at apex with a median incision ; meta- 
 thorax not long, without a median carina, spiracles large, nearly linear Dinarmus Thomson 
 
 (type D. acutus Thoms.). 
 
 10. AntennfE filiform, insei-ted on the middle of the face, the funicle joints all longer than thick ; clypeus 
 
 anteriorly with a median sinus ; metathorax not short, without lateral folds, median carina, or spir- 
 acular sulci, the spiracles oval Arthrolysis Fiirster (type Pteromalus scabriculiis Nees). 
 
 11. Antennfe 12-jointed, with tivo ring-joints 12 
 
 Antennte 13-jointed, with two ring-joints 13 
 
 12. Marginal vein not thickened, longer than the stigmal vein ; metanotum .short, smooth but with a dis- 
 
 tinct median carina, the spiracles small Metastenus Walker. 
 
 Marginal vein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein ; metanotum jjunctate, with a median 
 carina Disema Forster. 
 
 13. Pronotum not distinctly separated 14 
 
 Pronotum distinctly separated 16 
 
 14. Marginal vein slender, always longer than the stigmal vein 1.5 
 
 Marginal vein thickened, not longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Clypeus bidentate ; mandibles 3-dontate Xenocrepis Fiirster. 
 
 15. Metathorax .short, %vith a median carina Dimachus Thomson. 
 
 Metathorax not short, without a median carina. Hemitrichus Thomson. 
 
 16. Antennse inserted on the middle of the face, long 17 
 
 Antennie inserted somewhat below the middle of the face Habritus Thomson. 
 
 17. Metathorax without a median carina, the lateral UtMs prfsoil, the spiracles large, nearly linear. 
 
 Dinarmus Thomson. 
 Metathorax without a median carina, the lateral folds absent, the spiracles oval. Arthrolysis Foister. 
 
 Subfamily III. MISCOGASTERINtE. 
 1833. MiscogasteridjB, Family IV (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., I., p. 370. 
 1835. Ormoceridffi, Family (partim). Walker, Eiit. Mag., I., p. 167. 
 1835. Pteromalidaj, Family (partim). Walker, Eiit. Mag., II., p. 286. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE ('HALCID FLIES 277 
 
 1856. Miscogasteroida\ Family XIV (partiin), F(>rster, Tlym. Stud., II., pi>. 10. 24 
 
 and 59. 
 1875. Pteromalina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 21G. 
 1885. Pteromalinse, Sul>family (partim), Howard, Ent. Amcr., I., p. 198; II., 188(;, 
 
 p. .S3. 
 1885. Miscliogastrides, Suhtril.us Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. Hi and 219. 
 1880. Miscliogastrides, Tribe, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., p. 33. 
 
 This su))family, although distinct, has aflfinities which ally rt with the fiimilies 
 Perilaiiipi(hc and the Eucharkhi', and also with the Ptcromalidir, through the sub- 
 family Sphc<iignderinn'. From the last mentioned it is separated Ijy the ^/'o-spurred 
 hind tibiii', from the others l)y the ceplialic, thoracic and abdominal diilerences 
 brought out in my tables. 
 
 Two tril)es may be recognized : 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 Me.sonotum with the iiarapsiflal furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly ; clypeus transverse, suh- 
 
 lunate, the anterior margin narrowly incised medially Tribe I. Haltieoptcrini. 
 
 Mesonotum with the jiarapsidal furrows complete; clypeus not transverse Tribe II. ■Miseoga.sterini. 
 
 Tribe I. HaUiroptcrhii. 
 
 The incomplete mesonotal furrows are .sufficient to distinguish the tribe. The 
 group is apparentl}' parasitic upon Diptera belonging to the fiimily Anthoniijiidir, 
 and some are recorded from Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. These latter records, 
 however, are questionable and, additional evidence is needed before the true para- 
 sitism of these insects is definitely settled. 
 
 Many insects are found a.ssociated with the wood-boring (oleoptera, gall-making 
 Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, etc., and it is not easy to tell correctly the host 
 from which you breed several parasites. 
 
 TABLE OF (iENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. Clypeus trausvei-se, sublunate, the anterior margin narrowly incised medially. 
 
 Marginal vein longer than the stiginal, the latter ending in a small knob ; mandibles strong, 4- 
 
 dentate Halticoptera Spinola (type Diplolrpis flavicomis Spin.). 
 
 Marginal vein usually not longer than the .stigmal, the latter witli a small knob ; mandibles not 
 
 strong, but 4-dcntate, the upper tooth bent, the lower straight Dicylus Walkei- 
 
 (type D. h/naslct, Walk.). 
 
 .3. Palpi abnormal ; marginal vein longer than the stigmal Halticoptera Spinola. 
 
 Paljii normal : marginal vein usually shorter than the stigmal or no longer Dicylus Walker 
 
 ? = Tityros Walk. (j'. 
 
278 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEfilE MUSEITM 
 
 Tribe II. Miscogasterini. 
 This tril)t' may be recognized by the complete mesonotal furrows ; otherwise it is 
 practically identical with the previous tribe, with similar habits. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males t) 
 
 2. Pronotum not distinctly separated 3 
 
 • Pronotum distinctly separated. 
 
 Mesothoracic lobes not convex ; abdomen elongate, subcompressed, the petiole short. 
 
 Toxeuma Walker (type T. ericse Walk.). 
 
 3. Mesothoracic lobes flat or at most subconvex, the furrows not deep, delicatelj' impressed posteriorly. 4 
 Mesothoracic lobes convex, the furrows deep 5 
 
 4. Metathorax long, rugose, with a median carina and complete lateral folds ; scutellum with a more or 
 
 less distinct cross-furro^^■ before apex, the lateral margins convergent toward base. 
 
 Megorismus Walker (type M. aon Walk.). 
 Metathorax short, almost smooth, with a distinct median carina ; scutellum with the lateral margins 
 
 nearly straight, not or only slightly convergent toward base Ormocerus Walker 
 
 (type O. latus Walk.). 
 
 5. Petiole long ; both mandibles 4-dentate 8 
 
 Petiole short or moderate ; mandibles variable. 
 
 Left mandible 3-dentate, the right 4-dentate 6 
 
 Both mandibles alike, either 3- or 4-dentate 7 
 
 6. Petiole rugose or smooth ; front wings with the stigmal vein ending in a small knob. 
 
 Lamprotatus Westwood (type L. splendent Westw.). 
 Petiole punctate, subdepressed ; front wings with the stigmal vein ending in a large knob. 
 
 Dorsum serico-punctate Gitognathus Thomson (type Sphseropalpus vii-idis Forst.). 
 
 Dorsum squamo-punctate Stictomischus Thomson (type S. scaposus Thoms.). 
 
 7. Both mandibles 3-dentate; stigmal knob small; clypeus transverse, separated, the anterior margin 
 
 truncate Seladenna Walker (type S. lietum Walk.). 
 
 Both mandibles 4-dentate ; stigmal knob large Miscogaster Walker (type M. horteiisis Walk.). 
 
 8. Stigmal vein ending in a large knob Miscogaster Walker. 
 
 9. Pronotum not distinctly separated 10 
 
 Pronotum distinctly separated. 
 
 Both mandibles 4-dentate ; flagellum hairy, the first joint not longer than wide ; mesothoracic 
 lobes not convex Toxeuma Walker. 
 
 10. Jlcsothoracic lobes convex, the furrows deep 11 
 
 ^lesothoracic lobes flat or at most subconvex, the furrows not deep, delicately impressed posteriorly. 
 
 Metathorax long, rugose, with a median carina and complete lateral folds ; scutellum with a 
 cross-furrow before apex, the lateral margins convergent toward base. . . .Megorismus Walker. 
 
 Metathorax short, almo.st smooth, with a distinct median carina; scutellum with the lateral 
 margins nearly straight Ormocerus Walker. 
 
 11. Petiole long or short ; both mandibles 4-dentate 14 
 
 Petiole short ; both mandibles 3-deutate, or the lell is :?-dentate, the right 4-dcntate. 
 
 Left mandible 3-, the right 4-dentate 12 
 
 Both mandibles 3-deutate 13 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIKICATION OF THE CHALC'IU FLIES 279 
 
 12. Stigmal vein ending in a small knob ; palpi tiornial Lamprotatus Westwood. 
 
 Stigmal vein ending in a large Ivuol). 
 
 Palpi abnormal Gitognathus Thomson. 
 
 Palpi normal Stictomischus Thomson. 
 
 13. Stigmal vein ending in a small knob ; palpi normal Seladerma Walker. 
 
 14. Stigmal vein ending in a large knob Miscogaster Walker. 
 
 Subfamily IV. Lelapin.e. 
 1899. Le'lapiiife, Subfamily IV., Aslimead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasliingtoii, JV., p. 247. 
 1901. Lelapina^ Subfamily IV., Aslimead, Faun. Hawaiiensis, I., p. 311. 
 
 This group reaches its greatest development in South America, where the species 
 of Lelaps are numerous, although as yet only a few have been descriljed. 
 
 The group is, I think, correctly placed in the family Mucogaderidx. It shows 
 some affinities with the Cleonymida', and with the PteromaJkhv, through the subfam- 
 ily Diparinx. The two spurred hind tibite, however, se[)arate it from the latter, 
 while other characters separate it from the Cleonyniulie. 
 
 The metathorax at apex is most frequently contracted into a neck, the usually 
 conically produced abdomen being attached to this neck by a short petiole. The 
 mesonotal furrows are complete ; the axilla; are usually approximate, although 
 separated at base of the scutellum, while the head, especially in the genus Lelaps, 
 resembles somewhat that found among the CkumjmUJ-.f, the eyes being large and 
 the occiput flat. 
 
 My recently characterized genus J///r/v;/(/((^>.s is from North American, and super- 
 ficially resembles rhilnchi/ra Haliday, a genus in the Eari/toiuidu'. 
 
 table of gekera. 
 
 1. Females - 
 
 Males '5 
 
 2. Autennse 14-jointed with 2 ring-joints '^ 
 
 Antenna 12- or 13-jointed '' 
 
 3. Winged ■* 
 
 Apterous. 
 
 Abdonu'n conically pointed, the petiole distinct, a little longer than thick, the second segment 
 occupying hardly half its surface ; llagellum rather stout, subclavate, the joints fluted. 
 
 Apterolelaps Aslimead (type A. nigricejin Ashni.). 
 
 4. Abdomen conically produced at apex, and usually ending in a prominent ovipositor; second segment 
 
 large, occupying fully half the surface, the third to fifth very short, the sixth and seventh together 
 conical, longer than half the length of the second. Lelaps Haliday (type Merostenus sodales Walk.). 
 
 5. Abdomen conically produced at apex, the second segment not much longer than the third and fourth 
 
 united, the fifth longer than the fourth, the seventh conically ].roduced ; scutellum with a cross-furrow 
 at its apical third Neolelaps Aslnnead (type .Y. hauaiicnaix Ashm.). 
 
280 MKMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Abdomen subglobose or short oval, the second segment very large, occupying nearly the whole surface, 
 the following very short, more or less retracted within the second ; scutellum with a cross-fun-ow 
 
 vei-y near its apex Mesolelaps Ashmead (type M. cyaneivenlris Ashm.). 
 
 6. Petiole of abdomen long, the body small, spatulate ; antenna; very long, 14-jointed, longer than the 
 whole body, the joints long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse haire Lelaps Haliday. 
 
 Petiole of abdomen very short, the body oblong-oval, truncate at apex; antenna' not longer than the 
 thorax, 13-jointed, the flagellum filiform, pubescent, the joints after the first about twice as long as 
 thick Mesolelaps Ashmead. 
 
 Family LXVII. CLEONYMID/E. 
 1837. Cleonyiiiidie, Family (partiin), Walker, Ent. Mag., J\'., p. 349. 
 184(3. Eupelmicke, Family 9 (partim), Walker, List (/hulcid. Brit. .Museum, I., p. 52. 
 185G. Cleonymoida-, Fauiilie XIV.; (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 24 
 
 and 46. 
 1875. Cleonymides, Sulitribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 217. 
 1878. Cleonyniides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V,, p. 3. 
 1886. Cleonymides, Triljo, Howard, Entora. Amer., II., pp. 33, 34. 
 1899. (Jleonymidaj, Family LXVL, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 200. 
 
 An historical sketch of this family was given in my paper entitled : " On the 
 Genera of the Cleonymida)," published in 1899. 
 
 Unquestionably, the family comes nearest to the family Eaetjrtkhv, and forms a 
 connecting link between it and some families previously treated, i. e., the ChalcididsR, 
 Eurytomidm and the Miscogastendx ; some genera in the subfamily Chalcedectinfe 
 especially being remarkably like some genuine Clinlcidi(hr. jMany males, too, are 
 easily mistaken for genuine EajKlmiues and Ejicyrtlnefy. Pdechulla has some char- 
 acters similar to the Eurytomidse, and the Turymidx. 
 
 Coleotrechnus, placed in this fixmily, is unknown to me. It is placed here from the 
 description alone, and may be a genuine Encyrtid, although nothing is said of a salta- 
 torial middle tibial spur. 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 1. Mesonotal furrows not at all indicated 4 
 
 Mesonotal furrows more or less distinct 2 
 
 2. Abdomen longly petiolated 3 
 
 Abdomen sessile, or subpetiolate, never longly petiolate. 
 
 Po.sterior femora much swollen and usually toothed or finely denticulate beneath, as in Chaleis, 
 Smicra, etc. ; abdomen usually depressed, the ovipositor rai-cly exserted ; autennse at the most II. 
 jointed Subfamily I. Chalcedectin^. 
 
 Posterior femora not much swollen and very rarely toothed beneath, the anterior femora usually 
 more or less enlarged, sometimes very much swollen and often excised or dentate beneath 
 toward apex ; ovipositor often, but not always, exserted ; antenna; Il-I3-jointed. 
 
 Subfamilv 11. CLEONYMlNiE. 
 
ASHMEAU: CLASSIEICATIO.N OF Till': CIIAhClD FLIE8 281 
 
 3. Body of abdomen strongly compressed, sword-shai^ed, ending in a long ovipositor, the basal sheaths very 
 
 broad ; all legs slender, the hind pair very long, their coxic long, cylindrical ; front wings with the 
 marginal and postmarginal veins very long, the latter extending to tip of wing, the stigmal vein very 
 small, subsessile ; antennse U-jointed, inserted close to the mouth. .Subfamily III. Pelecinellin.'E. 
 
 4. Abdomen subsessile, compressed, conically produced toward apex ; front wings with the postmarginal 
 
 and stigmal veins very short, the kiiub of the latter nearly sessile, rounded ; posterior tibiic compres.sed, 
 the hind margin denticulate Subfamily IV. CoLOTRECHNiNyK. 
 
 Subfamily 1. Ciialcedectin.e. 
 1889. Polychrommintc, Subfamily, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, I., ]>. 22(5. 
 1895. Chalcedectinaj, Subfamily, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III., p. 230. 
 
 1898. Chalcodectinaj, Subfamily, Dalla Torre, (.'at. Hym., V., p. 186. 
 
 1899. Chalcedectinae, Subfamily I., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 201. 
 The sessile abdomen and the greatly swollen and usually dentate or serrate hind 
 
 femora, as in the Chalcididie, distinguish the family. It is not represented in 
 Europe and has reached its greatest development in South America and Australia, 
 where the species are evidently numerous. 1 have also seen an undescribed species 
 from Africa, where it should be well represented. 
 
 table of genera. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 7 
 
 2. Hind femora much swollen, minutely denticulate beneath .5 
 
 Hind femora much swollen and armed beneath with large, distinct teeth, or at least with one large tooth. 
 
 Hind femora armed with 1 to 3 large teeth ;', 
 
 Hind femora armed with several teeth. 
 
 Abdomen depressed, the fourth dorsal segment the largest, transversely striate or aeieulate- 
 Chalcedectes Walker (type ('. mactiliconiis Walker). 
 
 3. Hind femora with one large tooth, with three or foui- smaller teeth beyond 4 
 
 Hind femora with three large teeth Cleptimorpha Walker (type C. binolata Walker) 
 
 4. Abdomen oblong-oval, subcompressed beneath, nearly baie, and ending in a long ovipositor ; head and 
 
 thorax coarsely reticulately punctate ; flagelliun lung, slender, iililorm Chalcidiscelis Ashmead 
 
 (type C. ko.-hclei Ashm.). 
 
 Abdomen shorter than the thorax, compressed, the ovipositor luddeu ; mcsouotum nearly smooth, or 
 
 transversely striate or wrinkled ; antenn;e 12-joiuted, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints transverse. 
 
 Systolomorpha Ashmead (type S. thyridopterygls Ashm.). 
 
 5. Antennas 1 1-jointcd (> 
 
 Antenn;e 10-jointcd Amotura Cameron (type A. unniilininiis Ciini.). 
 
 6. Abdomen ovate or conic-ovate. 
 
 Abdomen not depressed, convex heiieatli, the fotiith dorsal segment longer than tlie third, the 
 latter a little longer than the lil'tli ; melathoraeie spiracles reniform. Agamerion Ilaliday ' 
 
 (type Miscof/aslcr gejo Walk.). 
 Abdomen depressed. Hat above and beneath, llie third and fourth doreal segments short, united 
 shorter than the liftli ; stigmal vein rather short : metathoracic spiracles oval. 
 
 Euchrysia Westwood (type E. cleplidea Westw.). 
 ' Kirby has incorrectly classified this f,'emis witli the ('!iiihiiliii:r. 
 
282 MKMOrKS OK THE CARNF/ilE MUSEUM 
 
 7. Hind femora much swollen, minutely denticulate beneath 10 
 
 Hind femora much swollen and armed beneath with large, distinct teeth or at least with one large 
 
 tooth. 
 
 Hind femora armed with 1 to 3 large teeth 8 
 
 Hind femora armed with several teeth Chalcedectes Walker. 
 
 8. Hind femora with one large tooth 9 
 
 Hind femora with three large teeth Cleptimorpha Walker. 
 
 9. Head and thorax coarsely, reticulately punctate Chalcidiscelis Ashmead. 
 
 Head and thorax not coarsely reticulately punctate, the niesonotum almost smooth. 
 
 Systolomorpha Ashmead. 
 
 10. Antenna' 11-jointed 11 
 
 Antennaj 10-joiuted Amotura Cameron. 
 
 11. Metathoracic spiracles reniform Agamerion Haliday. 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles oval Euchrysia Westw ood. 
 
 Subfamily II. Clennymin;e. 
 1897. Cleonyminie, Subfamily II, Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, iv, pp. 
 201, 202. 
 To this group belong the better known genera of the family, namely Cleonipnus, 
 Chdropachys, TrigunoJerus, Acroronnu.% etc., genei-a of world-wide distribution. It 
 is the largest group of the family and includes many genera and species. Most 
 of the species appear to attack only coleopterous larv;e and are of great economic 
 importance, since they destroy beetles destructive to our fruit, shade and forest trees. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 23 
 
 2. Anterior femora more or less distinctly swollen, and never excised dentate beneath 18 
 
 Anterior femora iiuieb swollen, or e.vcised dentate beneath • 3 
 
 3. Pronotum not inueli narrowed and always wider than long 4 
 
 Pronotum nuuh lengthened and narrowed, longer than wide. 
 
 Front femora greatly swollen, but not excised dentate beneatli ; abdunieii conieally produced, 
 but not much longer than the head and thorax united. 
 
 Heydenia Fiirster (type H. pretiosa Fiirster). 
 Front femora much swollen, and excised dentate beneath ; abdomen elongate, conieally produced. 
 
 Lycisca Spinola (type L. rciptoria Spinula). 
 
 4. Eyes bare 1 
 
 Eyes pubescent. 
 
 Ovipositor very long 6 
 
 Ovipositor not prominent, at the most subexserted. 
 
 Abdomen subrotund, oblong or conic-ovate, the sides rounded, not carinated 5 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate, or conieally lengthened, the sides distinctly carinated. 
 
 Epistenia Westwood (type E. ca-ndea Westw.). 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF Till', CIIA 1,(11) FLTKS 283 
 
 5. Labrum inconspicuous oi- hidden 7 
 
 Labrum conspicuous. 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate Cleonymus Latreillc (type Ichneumon depresxtis Fabr ). 
 
 Abdomen sul>r()tnn<l ; anteunje 12-jointe(l, with lluyc ring-joints Micradelus Walker 
 
 (type M. roltimhi^ Walk.). 
 
 6. Abdomen with the lirst and fif'tli segments the longest ; antennic ll-joiiiled Belonea Westwood 
 
 (type li. (iiistralica Westw.). 
 Abdomen witli tlie first segment longer than the three following, (he third produced into a sharp tri- 
 angular jioint at the rai<hlle ; antcnnie H-jointed Cameronella Dalla Torre, = Panlhalis Cameron 
 
 (type P. blackburnii Cam.). 
 
 7. Ab(h)nien oblong or long-ovate ; mesouotum with the furrows only slightly indicated anteriorly ; fifth 
 
 abdominal .segment nearly as long as the first four .segments united, the second and the third to- 
 gether hardly longer than the fourth, the Rist and fourth subequal ; front wing.s maculate. 
 
 Ptinobius .Vshmead (type Charilopus magnijicus Ashm.). 
 
 8. Winged <j 
 
 Apterous. 
 
 Abdomen ovate, ending in a long ovijxjsitor ; aiiteiin;e 13-jointed, with thri'e ring-joints. 
 
 Cea Haliday (type C. pulicaria llaliday). 
 
 9. Abdomen conic-ovate, or conical, the terminal segment tubular, the ovipositor very long 10 
 
 Abdomen as seen from above rotund, compressed or carinate beneath. 
 
 Front wings hyaline, the stigmal vein hardly two thirds the length of the marginal, and a little 
 shorter than the postmarginal ; metathorax with lateral folds, the spiracles oval-elliptic. 
 
 Tomicobia Ashmead (type T. tibialis Ashm,). 
 Abdomen conic-ovate, the segments subequal, the ovipositor not ex.serted. 
 
 Front wings ivith two transverse bands or macuhe ; pronotum transverse-quadrate, narrowed 
 
 medially ; pedicel not lengthened Cheiropachys Westwood (type Sphex colon Linn6). 
 
 Front wings without bands or macuhe ; pronotum tran.sverse-(|uadrate, but not narrowed medially 
 
 and well separated ; pedicel much lengthened Schizonotus Ratzeburg 
 
 (type S. siebolclil Ratzeb.). 
 
 10. Last twoabdominalsegments very long, tubular, Thaumasura Westw 1 (typo T. terebrulor Westw.). 
 
 Last five abdominal .segments very slendei-, tul)ular, Solenura Westwood (type S. telescopica Westw.). 
 
 11. Mesothoracic furrows complete . : 16 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly, 
 
 Pronotum short, narrowed medially 12 
 
 Pronotum very long, conical !•"> 
 
 12. Marginal vein not thickened 18 
 
 Marginal vein thickened, shorter than the i)ostmarginal. Zapachia Fiirster (tyiie X. apilaplcni Filrst.). 
 
 1.3. Abdomen ovi'.l, hardly as long as the thorax, above dejiressed 14 
 
 Abdomen conical, longer than the thorax, the segments after the first, which is the longest, subequal. 
 
 Front wings with one ti-ansverse band, the stigmal club large Acrocormus Fiirster 
 
 (type A. semifasciatus Thorns.). 
 Front wings without a band, the stigmal cluli small. Caudonia Walker (type C. agijlla Walk.). 
 14. Front wings with a large, broad fuscous band beneath, the marginal and stigmal veins having a tri- 
 angular hyaline streak within from the marginal vein ; .stigmal vein long, subclavate, as long as the 
 
 marginal : fiuiicle joints 3 to fi a little wider than long Brachycaudonia .V.shmead g. nov. 
 
 (tvpe />'. callfnrnica Ashni.), 
 
284 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 l"). Abdomen ovate, shorter tliaii the thorax, the segments subequal : midille tarsi incrassate. 
 
 Notanisus Walker (type jY. versicolor Walk.). 
 
 IG. Abdomen .sessile 17 
 
 Abdomen petiolate 22 
 
 17. Abdomen elongate, conieally produced or acuminate at apex ; postmarginal vein well developed. 18 
 Abdomen long, conic-ovate, ending in a prominent ovipositor, which is dilated into three broad, leaf- 
 like expansions, like a propeller in a naphtha launch. Dinoura Ashmead (type D. auriventris Ashm.). 
 
 18. Hcutellum without a transverse grooved line before tip ; head triangular, narrowed anteriorly 21 
 
 Scutellum with a transverse grooved line before the tip ; head with rounded, convex cheeks. 
 
 Pronotum transverse, not large 19 
 
 Pronotum large, almost quadrate Merostenus Walker (type M. phedyma Walk.). 
 
 19. Pronotum very short, visible from above as a fine transverse line 20 
 
 Pronotum transverse Trigonoderus Westwood (type T. prince})s Westw.). 
 
 20. Antenna} 13-joiuted ; middle tibite normal ; metanotum with a sharp median carina. 
 
 Anoglyphis Forster (type A. nubilosa Fcirst.). 
 Antennse 14-jointed ; middle tibite much lengthened. Macromesus Walker (type M. amphireius Walk.). 
 
 21. Middle tibia; not dilated at apex Platygerrhus Thomson (type P. gracilis Thorns.). 
 
 Middle tibi;e dilated at apex, their tarsi broad at base Pegopus Forster 
 
 (type Prosopon montanus Walk.). 
 
 22. Scutellum without a transverse grooved line before tip Photismus Thomson 
 
 (type P. nubilosus Thorns.). 
 
 23. Front femora not, or less distinctly, swollen, and never excised dentate beneath 28 
 
 Front femora much swollen, and sometimes excised dentate beneath. 
 
 Pronotum not much narrowed and always wider than long 24 
 
 Pronotum much narrowed and lengthened. 
 
 Front femora much swollen but not excised dentate beueatli ; abdomen clavate. de- 
 pressed Heydenia Forster. 
 
 Front femora swollen and excised dentate beneath. Lycisca Spinola. 
 
 24. Eyes bare 27 
 
 Eyes pubescent. 
 
 Abdomen not carinate along the sides 25 
 
 Abdomen carinate along the sides Epistenia Westwood. 
 
 25. Labrum inconspicuous or hidden 26 
 
 Labrum conspicuous. 
 
 Metathorax with a median carina, the spiracles large, oblong or oval ; (Ingellum subclavate, 
 
 densely hairy, the joints of the funicle wider than long Cleonymus Latreille. 
 
 Metathorax without a median carina, the spiracles small, rounded ; flagellum long, filiform, 
 
 densely hairy, the joints of the funicle long Micradelus Walker. 
 
 2fi. Front wings bifasciate or maculate ; marginal vein slender, about twice as long as the stigmal ; pro- 
 notum not short ; metanotum with a median carina ; head lenticular, much wider than the thorax. 
 
 Ptmobius Ashmead. 
 
 27. Front wings bifasciate ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal, the latter long, strongly clavate ; 
 
 pronotum short, transverse, slightly narrowed ; metanotum with a short median carina, the spiracles 
 
 elliptic ; head transverse ; pedicel shorter than the first joint of the funicle. Cheiropachys Westwood. 
 
 Front wings hyaline, not fasciate ; marginal vein longer than the stigmal, the latter not especially long, 
 
 ending in a small knob: pronoUmi large, (juadrate. well-sei)arated Schizonotus Hatzeberg. 
 
ASIIMKAB : t'LASSIFICATroN OF THE CITALCin FI.TKS 285 
 
 28. Mesouotuni with the furrows complete 30 
 
 Mesouotum with incomplete furrows, iudicated only anteriorly. 
 
 Marginal vein not thickened 29 
 
 Marginal vein thickened, shorter than the postnirtrgina] ZapacMa Fiirster. 
 
 29. Wing.s with a transverse band or fascia. 
 
 Stigmal club very large Acrocormus Forster. 
 
 Stigmal club small Brachycaudonia Ashmead. 
 
 Wings hyaline, without a fascia. 
 
 Stigmal club small Caudonia Walker. 
 
 30. Abdomen petiolate 34 
 
 Abdomen sessile. 
 
 Scutelhun irilli a transverse grooved line before apex 31 
 
 Scutelhim irithind a tran.sverse grooved line before apex 32 
 
 31. Pronotum very sliort, visible from above as a fine transverse line 32 
 
 Pronotum not very short. 
 
 Pronotum quadrate Merostenus Walker. 
 
 Pronotum transverse Trigonoderus Westwood. 
 
 32. Metanotum not short, smooth and with a sharp median carina : antenna" 13-jointeil. 
 
 Anoglyphis Filrster. 
 Metanotum very .short, closely punctate ; antenna- U-.jointed Macromesus Walker. 
 
 32. Postmarginal vein well developed ^'5 
 
 Postmarginal vein scarcely longer than the short stigmal ve'ii with its knob ; scutclUuu with two par- 
 allel dorsal grooved lines ; metanotum with a median carina : antenna' Dinoura Ashmead. 
 
 33. Middle tibi:e not dilated at apex Platygerrhus 'Ibomson. 
 
 Middle tilme dilated at apex, the tarsi much thickened at base Pegopus Forster. 
 
 34. Scutellum without a transverse grooved line before the tip Photismus Thomson. 
 
 hiUBFAMILY III. PFLKCINELLINiK. 
 
 1897. PelecinellinfP, Subfamily III., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc.Washington,IV.,p. 201. 
 
 This subfamily is at present represented by a single genus, Pelecinella Westwood. 
 Three species have been described, all from Brazil, and these are the largest and in 
 some respects the most striking looking ( 'halcid-Hies known. 
 
 The affinities of the group were discussed in my paper, '• ( )ii tlie ( icnus Peleci- 
 nella Westwood," published in 1897. 
 
 Form very elongate ; pronotum verj' long, longer and narrower than the mesonotum, contracted in front ; 
 head with a deep frontal furrow; abdomen long, compi-essed, lanceolate, ending in a long ovipositor, and 
 lougly petiolate ; hind legs long, the coxa" long and cylindrical, the tibisB longer than the femora, very 
 gradually widened toward apex and terminating in two spurs, the tai-si slender, as long as the feraoi-a, the 
 first joint longer than Joints 2 oiniited ; stigmal vein very short, the marginal vein long, the postmarginal 
 longer than the marginal Pelecinella Westwood (type Ji. phantasma Wcstw.). 
 
 Sur.FAMir.V 1\'. CoLOTRECHNIN.i;. 
 
 1875. Colotrochnidos, Subtribus. Tliom.son, Ilym. 8kand., IV., p. 217. 
 1878. ColotrechnidL's, Sul)tril.u.s, Thomson, llym. Skand., \'., p. 40. 
 
286 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 1886. Colotrechiiides, Tribe, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 33 and 34. 
 1897. Colotreclmiiiie, Sul.faniily IV , Ashmcad. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 201. 
 
 This group is unknown to me in nature. It is based upon Thomson's genus 
 Colotrechnus, occurring in Sweden, who called it a subtribe. 
 
 Thomson's description clearly indicates that it belongs to the family Cleonipnidic, 
 although the absence of mesonotal furrows is strongly suggestive of the Encijriidir. 
 
 Wings with the stigmal and postinarginal veins very sliort, the knob of the former rounded, subses.sile ; 
 frontal depression long ; antennse 12-jointed, inserted below the middle of the face, the funicle .5-jointed ; 
 hind tibise compressed, the bind margin denticulate . . Colotreclinus Thomson (type C. subenerulens Thorns. ). 
 
 Family LXVIII. ENCYRTID.E. 
 1837. Encyrtidfe, Family (partim), Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., p. 430. 
 1840. Encyrtidfe, Subfamily 4, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Classif Ins., IF., p. 166; 
 
 Synop., p. 66. 
 1846. Eupelmidfc, Family 9 (partim). Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 52. 
 1846. Encyrtidfe, Family (partim), Walkei-, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 53. 
 ,1848. PteromaIida3, Family V. (partim), Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, II., p. 
 
 104. 
 1856. Eupelmoida?, Familie IV. (partim), Fiirster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
 1856. Encyrtoidaj, Famihe V. (partim), FGrster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 32. 
 1875. Encyrtina, Subtribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 112. 
 1885. Encyrtinte, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., pp. 198, 216. 
 1897. Encyrtida?, Family LXVIII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 
 236. 
 1900. Encyrtidie, Family LXVIII., Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXIL, p. 
 
 202. 
 This family was very fully characterized and discussed in my paper entitled 
 "On the Genera of the Subfamily Encyrtime," published in the Proceedings of the 
 U. S. National Museum for 1900. It is unnecessary, therefore, to repeat the charac- 
 terization of the group, since the classification here is practically identical, the only 
 change being the establishment of a new tribe in the Eupclmiinr, and some new 
 genera in the various tribes. 
 
 TABLE OF SUBPAMILIE8. 
 
 1. Mesonotnm entire, convex or subconvex, the parapsidal furrows entirely absent 2 
 
 Mesonotum not entire, usually depressed oi- impressed, rarely convex, the parapsidal farrows distinct 
 or at least more or less distinct, never entirely wanting ; marginal vein usually long. 
 
 Subfamily I. Eupelmin.^. 
 
ASHMKAD : CLASSIFICATION OK THE CUALCID FLIES 287 
 
 2. Marginal vein rarely very long, ofttMi ii\iii(til'(inii. aiul always much sliorter than the submurginal or 
 subcostal vein; stigmal vein usually sliort, laicly Imiu- ; scutel hi in never short or transversely linear ; 
 
 middle tibiro without lateral spurs Subfamily II. Encyrtin.e. 
 
 Marginal vein long, as long as the submarginal or subcostal vein ; scutellum very short, transversely 
 linear ; middle tibia; with lateral spurs, the apical spur lobed Subfamily III. Signiphokin^. 
 
 Subfamily I. Eui'Elmin.e. 
 1846. Eupelmidte, Family (pcartim), Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVI 1., p. 114. 
 1856. Eupelmoidiu, Familie 4, Forstor, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
 1875. Eupelmina, Trihus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., })]>. 11 and 102. 
 1886. Eupelminpe, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1897. Eupelminfe, Subfamily 1., Aslimoad, J*roc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 238. 
 
 This subfamily is quite distinct from tlic other two subfamilies, an<l is easily 
 recognized by the structural peculiarities of the mesonotum l)rought out in my 
 table of subfamilies. 
 
 A full account of till' group is given in my paper entitled, "On the ( ieiiera of the 
 Eupelminte," published in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- 
 ington for 1896. Since that paj^cr was published, however, a new tribe and some 
 new genera have been recognized ; these are characterized below. 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 Mesonotum in femak-s always (U-piessed or imiiressed, concave or subconcavc, iiu'dially with usuallx- a tri- 
 angular elevation anteriorly, the jiarapsidal furrows not, or rarely, sharply deiiiied, never short ; in males 
 subcouvex, with the furrows rarely complete, not short nor curved off laterally Tribe I. Eupelmini. 
 
 Mesonotum convex in both sexes, the parapsidal furrows delicate, but always complete, short and strongly 
 curved off laterally, the scapuhe short Tribe II. Tanaostiginini. 
 
 TiuisF, I. KujicJiHini. 
 The im[jressed and incomplete mesonotal furrows in the females distinguish the 
 group. The males are not so reatlily defined, and are easily mistaken for males in 
 the family Cleonipiti<hr, the mesonotum being sometimes subconvex, with the fur- 
 rows complete or incomplete ; the mesopleura are, however, usuall}'- entire and this 
 peculiarity, together with the venation, the structural characters of the head, the 
 antennie and the metathora.x, will, in most cases, distinguish these insects. 
 
 TABLE OF OENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 37 
 
 2. Hind tibisB and first tarsal joint compressed and broad 'i 
 
 Hind tibiie and fir.st tarsal joint neither compres.scd nor broad (rarely with the hind tibia' slightly com- 
 pressed) 4 
 
288 MEMOIK8 OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 3. Eyes hairy : aiiteniiif l.'J-joiutt-d : axilliu meeting at base of scutellum Metapelma Westwdod 
 
 (tyi)e M. spectahilis Westw.). 
 
 4. Front femora much swollen o 
 
 Front femora normal, or not much swollen 6 
 
 5. Winged ; front femora armed with minute spines beneath ; oviiio.sitor very lonjr Oodera Westwood 
 
 (type O. gracilis Westw.). 
 
 Wingless ; front femora unarmed ; o^•illositor subexserted : head large, cjuadrate ; eyes rounded, bare ; 
 
 temples broad Ooderella Ashmead (type 0. smithii Ashm.). 
 
 6. First tarsal joint of middle legs without strong spines beneath, at most with hairs. 7 
 
 First tarsal joint of middle legs wilh strong spines or minute black teeth beneath 8 
 
 7. Mesonotum not impressed; axilhc triangular, meeting at base of scutellum .Charitopus Forster 
 
 (type C. fulvirenlfis Fiirst.). 
 
 8. Face deeply excavated, the front ocellus always placed in the furrow 9 
 
 Face rarely deeply excavated, although often with deep antennal furrows, the front ocellus never 
 
 placed in the fiirrow 12 
 
 9. Middle tibise very long 10 
 
 Middle tibise not very long 11 
 
 10. Antenme inserted near the border of the mouth Stenoceroides Dalla Torre = Slenoccra Walker 
 
 (type S. walkeri Curtis). 
 Antenuse inserted far above the mouth bordei- ; postmarginal vein greatly lengthened. 
 
 Polymeria Forster (type P. coronata Thomson). 
 
 11. Axillae not united at ba.se of the scutellum, their inner suture strongly curved : postmarginal vein very- 
 
 short, scarcely developed, or rarely longer than the stigmal vein Eusandalum Ratzeburg 
 
 = Balcha Walker = liatzeburgiu Forster (type E. abbreriotiim Eatz.). 
 
 12. Eyes hairy or pubescent 13 
 
 Eyes bare 14 
 
 13. Scutellum with a broad base against the mesonotum, the axillse being widely separated 26 
 
 Scutellum with a narrow base against the mesonotum, the axillie approximate or united at base of 
 
 scutellum 17 
 
 14. Hind tibire with 2 apical spurs 15 
 
 Hind tibiae with 1 apical spur 16 
 
 15. Anteiiniie inserted below the middle of the face ; stigmal vein very long, curved. . . .Calosoter Walker 
 
 (type Pteromalus eneubaliis Walk.). 
 
 Antenme inserted above the middle of the fiice ; stigmal vein very .short Chirolophus Haliday 
 
 (type C. eqiies Haliday). 
 
 16. Head large, transverse, wider than the thorax, the eyes large, oblong oval, convergent above, the 
 
 vertex, however, not especially narrow, the lateral ocelli close to the eyes but not touching the inner 
 margin ; antennse subclavate, inserted a little below the base of the eyes, and widely separated ; 
 
 abdomen depressed, not longer than the thorax, the ovipositor hidden Solindenia Uameron 
 
 (type S. piclicorni)i Cam.). 
 
 17. Second dorsal abdominal segment short, not incised at apical margin 18 
 
 Second, third and fourth dorsal abdominal segments usually incised medially at apical margin, the 
 
 second the largest segment 19 
 
 18. Stigmal vein not short ; abdomen oval, narrower than the tliorax, oviixisitor exserted. 
 
 Brasema Cameron (type B. brevixpina Cam.). 
 
ASUMEAD : CLASSIFICATIUX OF THE CHALCID FLIES 289 
 
 19. Abdomen at the most with dorsal segmeuts 1 to 3 incised at apical middle ; sometimes with only the 
 tirst and second incised 20 
 
 Abdomen with doi-sal segments 2 to 5 incised or emarginate at apical margin L'o 
 
 20 Second abdominal segment not as long lus all the segmeuts united 21 
 
 Second abdominal segment as long as all the segments united 24 
 
 21. Eyes neither especially large nor strongly convergent above (although somewhat couveigcnt), the ver- 
 
 tex not very narrow, the hind ocelli not ajiproximate 22 
 
 Eyes very large, strongly convergent above, the vertex narrow, the hind ocelli very ajiproximate, the 
 front ocellus placed far anteriorly 23 
 
 22. Frons with a deep A-shaped antenual liwruw ; anlenu;e 13-jointed, ringed with white, inserted close to 
 
 the mouth Idoleupelmus Ashmeail (type /. anmilicorniii Ashmead). 
 
 Frons deeply grooved ; antenna! 13-jointed, but not ringed with white, clavate, obliquely truncate at 
 apex from beneath, inserted on or near the middle of the face ; abdomen longer than the head and 
 
 thorax united, the dorsal segmeuts 1-3 incised at apical middle Macreupelmus Ashmead 
 
 (type ^r. brasilioisis Ashmead). 
 
 23. Abdomen spatulate ; occiput with a bunch of deep black brisths behind the ocelli. 
 
 Tineobius Ashmead (type T. cilri Ashmead). 
 Abdomen long, oblong-oval ; occiiml uoniuil Ischnopsis Ashmead (type /. ophthalmica A.shmcad). 
 
 24. Eyes converging aliove ; auteun;u inserted on the middle of the face Lutnes Cameron 
 
 (type L. ornaticornis Cam.). 
 
 25. Scape long and more or less comjircssed ; postmaiginal vein very long, the stigmal vein curved, not 
 
 short Cerambycobius Ashmead (type Etqielmus cleri Ashm.). 
 
 26. Wingless or .subaiiterous 27 
 
 Winged 29 
 
 27. Metathoracic angles normal ; antenmc inserted only a little below tlie middle of the face, never close 
 
 to the mouth border ; face without transverse furi-ows 28 
 
 Metathoracic angles spincd ; antenmc inserted close to the mouth border ; face with transvei-se furrows. 
 Myrmecomimesis Dalla Torre (type Myrmecopsis nigricans Walk.). 
 
 28. Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 to 6 not incised at apical middle Eupelminus Dalla Torre 
 
 (type Vrocryptus cxcavutus Westw.). 
 
 Abdomeu with dorsal segments 2 to 6 more or less incised or emargimite at apical middle (apterous 
 
 form.s) Eupelmus Dalman. 
 
 29. Abdomen long, conic-ovate, oblong, or couically acuminate, as long or much longer than the head and 
 
 thorax united, the dorsal flap always deeply incised at apical middle 30 
 
 Abdomen clavate or spatulate, broadened behind, narrowed toward the base, not as long as the thorax 
 or shorter than the head and thorax united, depressed or flat above, the dorsal flaps not incised or 
 tlie incision is not very deep S3 
 
 30. Ovipositor shorter than the body, usually shorter than the abdomen 31 
 
 Ovipositor always longer than the entire body, usually very much longer 32 
 
 31. Antenmc inserted a little below the middle of the face, on or above an imaginary line drawn from the 
 
 ba.se of the eyes, rarely a little below it Eupelmus Dalman (type E. memnuiiiiiis Dalm.). 
 
 Antennae inserted above the middle of the face, or at least never below the middle. 
 
 AxilliB widely separated at base of scutellum ; wings not short, the marginal vein long, the stig- 
 mal vein very short, the postmarginal long ; autennie 13-jointed Charitolophus Forster 
 
 (type C. ca't-ulescens Fih-st.). 
 Axilhe api)roximate ; wings .short, somewhat narrowed ; antennjv; 9-jointed (teste Motschulsky). 
 
 Cacotropia Motschulsky (type C. echidna Motsch.). 
 
290 JIEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 32. Scape compressed, extending far beyond the ocelli ; scutellum wilhoul a tuft of long stiff bristles at 
 
 apex ; abdomen elongate, the dorsal flap and segments 2-4 incised at apical middle ; ovipositor veiy 
 
 much longer than the entire insect Phlebopenes Perty (type P. aplendidus Perty). 
 
 Scape long, slender, cylindrical, extending only a little above the ocelli ; scutellum with a tuft of long 
 stiir black bristles, as in Encyrtus Latr. ; abdomen not so elongate, segments 2-5 at apex, excised 
 medially ; ovipositor a little longer than the entire insect ; front wings with a broad fuscous band 
 across the middle Encyrtaspis Ashmead, g. nov. (type E. brasiliensis Ashm.). 
 
 33. Head viewed from in front normal, at least as long as wide, or at least only a little wider than long ; 
 
 antennal furrows not very deep and very short ; eyes oblong or ovate 34 
 
 Head viewed from in front about twice as wide as long, the antennal furrows very deep ; eyes round, 
 strongly convergent above ; postmaiginal \-ein not longer than the stignial. Lecaniobius Ashmead 
 
 (type L. cockcrdUi Ashm.). 
 
 34. Scutellum normal, without a tuft of hairs 35 
 
 Scutellum with a fascicle of hairs ; club of auteunffi compressed Hoplopsis Destefani 
 
 (type H. mayri Destefani). 
 
 35. Malar ftirrow distinct ; no carina fi'om the lower part of each eye to base of each antenna ; antennte 
 
 inserted on or somewhat below an imaginary line drawn from base of eyes, rarely slightly above 
 
 this line Anastatus Motschulsky (type A. mantoidx Motsch.). 
 
 Malar furrows indistinct or subobsolete ; a distinct carina extends from the lower part of each eye to 
 
 the base of each antenna ; antenn;e inserted just above the clypeus Arachnopliaga Ashmead 
 
 (type Eupehnus piceus How.). 
 
 36. Hind tibise and first tarsal joint compressed, broad 37 
 
 Hind tibise and first tarsal joint simple, the tibise rarely slightly compressed, never broad, the first 
 
 tarsal joint always cylindrical 38 
 
 37. Eyes hairy ; flagellum subclavate, oljliquely truncate at tip Metapelma Westwood 
 
 38. Front femora much swollen 39 
 
 Front femora normal 40 
 
 39. Front femora armed with minute spines beneath Oodera Westwood. 
 
 Front femora not armed with minute spines beneath Ooderella Ashmead. 
 
 40. AntenucB ramose or branched 41 
 
 Antennae simple, without branches 42 
 
 41. Flagellum with four branches. 
 
 Eyes bare Chirolophus Haliday (type C. eques Hal.). 
 
 Eyes hairy Chiritolophus Forster (type C. cxrulescens Forst.). 
 
 42. Antenna; inserted near tlie middle of the face or above an imaginary line drawn from the base of the 
 
 eyes 43 
 
 Antennse inserted just above the clypeus or below an imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes. 48 
 
 43. Mesonotal furrows incomplete or wanting at the most vaguely impressed or indicated only anteriorly 
 
 and converging and ending near the middle of the scutum 44 
 
 Mesonotal furrows distinct, entire 45 
 
 44. Axilla united or not widely separate at the base of the scutellum 4() 
 
 A-xillse well separated at base of the scutellum. 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the latter the shorter, ahAays much abbreviated ; hind 
 sutures of axilla; curved ; scape not compressed Eusandalum Rat/.eburg. 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, the latter a little the longer ; hind sutures of axillaj 
 straight ; scape somewhat compressed Calosoter Walker. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 291 
 
 45. Hind tibi.T not compressed 48 
 
 Hind tibiaj compressed. 
 
 Pedicel not small, obconic;il, lar<;er than tlie lirst joint of the flagcUiun. V fjenus 
 
 46. Eyes pubescent Macreupelmus Aslnnead. 
 
 47. Postmarginal vein long, twice or nearly twice as long as the stigmal vein ; scape short ; llagclUim fil- 
 
 iform, clothed with a dense pubescence ; pedicel minute. 
 
 Joints 1-7 of funicle always longer than thick, the club-joints not very long. 
 
 Cerambycobius Ashmead. 
 Joints of funiole very short, thicker than long, the chib-joints usually very long. 
 
 Anastatus Motsehulsky. 
 
 48. Hind tibise somewhat compressed. 
 
 Pedicel obconic, smaller than the first joint of the funicle, the joints of tlie llagellnm, except some- 
 times 6 and 7, longer than thick ; dorsal abdominal segments not incised medially at apex. 
 
 Arachnophaga Ashmead. 
 
 Tribe II. Tanaostigmini. 
 This little group is allied to the subfamily Encijrtivn', in which groui) Dr. How- 
 ard first placed his genus Tanaodigma, and also to the family Cleonym'uhc, where, 
 deceived by a male specimen, I first placed the genus Entnchosoma. Additional 
 specimens, and the discovery of two new genera have enabled me to see more clearly 
 the affinities and relationship of the group to other chalcidids, and I believe other 
 discoveries will confirm my views in assigning it a position with the Eiipchmme 
 rather than with the Encyrtiviv. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Female ^ 
 
 Males '' 
 
 2. Scape of antcnnie slender, not at all dilated 
 
 Scape of antennae broadly dilated beneath, or dilated, or compressed its entire length. 
 
 Scape compressed or dilated its entire length 
 
 Scape broadly dilated beneath ; flagellum flattened, the joints of the funicle subpedunculate 
 and much wider than long; postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal, the latter long; 
 postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal, the latter long, nearly perpendicular with the 
 front margin ; abdomen not longer than the thorax, the ovipositor slightly exserted. 
 
 Tanaostigma Howard (type T. cowsetiiv Howard). 
 
 .S. Flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle cylindrical, a little longer than thick ; postmarginal vein 
 
 about as long as the stigmal vein, the latter not short ; body bare ; abdomen as long as or a little longer 
 
 than the head and thorax united Tanaostigmodes .Vshmeail (type T. howardli Ashm.). 
 
 Flagellum subcompressed, the funicle joints, or at least 1 to :?, wider than long ; body well clotheil with 
 short, scale-like white hairs ; abdomen subglobose, scarcely as long as the thorax, the ovipositor 
 
 subexserted Trichencyrtus Ashmead, gen. nov. (type T. chapadiv Ashm.). 
 
 4. Body clothed with short scale-like white hairs ; scajie very slender, the flagellum stout, pubescent, the 
 joints wider than long ; wings glabrous, the stigmal vein ending in a knob, slightly curved anil as long 
 
 as the marginal vein, the postmarginal vein wanting Eutrichosoma Ashmead 
 
 (type E. mirabilr .\shm.). 
 
292 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 5. Flagelliira filiform, irillioul bi-aiiclics 6 
 
 Flawelliiin with four branches. 
 
 Body bare or nearly. 
 
 Branches of flagellum long Tanaostigma Howard. 
 
 Branches of flagellum short Tanaostigmodes Aslimoad. 
 
 Body well clothed with short, stout, scale-like white hairs Trichencyrtus Ashniead. 
 
 6. Body well clothed with short, stout, scale-like white hairs ; wings glabrous, the stigmal vein curved, as 
 
 long as the marginal vein and ending in a knob, the iiostmarginal vein absent ; scape veiy slender, 
 the joints of the fiinicle much wider than long and briefly but distinctly pedicellate. 
 
 Eutrichosoina Aslnnead. 
 
 Subfamily II. Encvrtix.e. 
 1S40. Encyrtides, Subfamily 4 (partira), Westwood, Intri). Mod. Class Ins. Synop., 
 
 p.' 72. 
 1856. EncyrtoidiB, Familie 5, Forster, Hyni. Stud., I., p. 18. 
 1875. Encyrtina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 112. 
 1886. Encj^rtinfe, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 
 1897. Encyrtiuai, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, l\., p. 248. 
 1900. Encyrtina}, Sul)family II., Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIIl., p. 324. 
 
 This subfamily was fully characterized in my paper, "On the Genera of the En- 
 cyrtinse," published in 1900. 
 
 The four tribes into which it was divided may he recogtiized Ij}' tlie aid of the 
 following table : 
 
 TABLE OF tribes. 
 
 1. Mandibles bi- or fr/-dentate, or broadly truncate at ajiex, never acute ; tarsi always 5-jointed 2 
 
 Mandibles dentate, acute at apex 5 
 
 2. Mandibles at apex, bidentate or, truncate 3 
 
 Mandibles at apex trideutate, the teeth sometimes very minute; labrum usually conspicuous. 4 
 
 3. Mandibles not stout, or only moderately so, rather long and always bidentate at apex ; labrum free ; 
 
 abdomen in females with the hypopygium large, lanceolate or plowshare-shaped, inclosing the ovi- 
 positor, and extending beyond the anus ; the second segment most ft-equently large ; antenuse usually 
 inserted just above the clypeus, rarely just below the middle of the face. Tribe I. Ectromini. 
 
 Mandibles stout, but short and polished, the apex broadly truncate, unarmed or nearly so ; labrum 
 conspicuous ; abdomen with the hypojiygium less evidently prominent, not ]irojecting ; body usually 
 stout, not metallic ; hin<l til>i,'e with fivo spurs ; antennte inserted below the middle of the face. 
 
 Tribe II. Encyrtinse. 
 
 4. Hind tibiaj with one apical spur ; hypopygium not prominent ; body most frec|uently, but not always 
 
 metallic ; antennte variable Tribe III. Mirini. 
 
 5. Tarsi 4- or 5-jointed ; marginal vein punctiform, or suljobsolete Trilic IV. Arrhcnophagini. 
 
 Tribe I. Edrornini. 
 In this tribe the species are usually more elongate and narrower, the mai-ginal 
 vein pi'oportionately longer, with the stigmal vein shorter, while tlie mandibles are 
 
ASHMEAD : (n.ASSIFICATION OF TIIK CIIAI.Cin FLIKS 293 
 
 always narrower and bidcntate. In tlie females tJie h3'popyginni is usually 
 prominent. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 24 
 
 2. Face with a distiuct carina between the base of the antenna) 1 ."> 
 
 Face without such a carina, rarely with a rounded ridge ; antenna; inserted .just abuvc the clyiRUS, or 
 
 below the middle of the face. 
 
 Wingless or subapterous species 11 
 
 Winged species • 3 
 
 3. Front wings with the marginal \cin nitlit r long, twice as long as the stigmal vein, or even longer, always 
 
 much longer than the stigmal 4 
 
 Front wings with the marginal vein short, the postmarginal vein very short 10 
 
 4. Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, or rarely .short, the postmarginal vein most freiiuently 
 
 longer than the stigmal 5 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins short ; scape slender, cylindrical. 
 
 Wings fu.scous, marked with white bands or rays ; frous broad, the lateral ocelli nearer to the 
 
 eye margin than to the front ocellus. Calocerinus Howard (type Tetracnemiis floridanus Aslmi. ). 
 
 Wings hyaline ; frons not so broad, the lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin than to the 
 
 front ocellus Tetralophidia Ashmcad (type T. hcdrri Aslun.). 
 
 5. Funicle fi-jointed, without ring-joints (! 
 
 Funicle 4-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
 
 Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surAvce ; scape sleinler, 
 cylindrical, the flagellum at the most subclavate ; stigmal vein very oblique, subdavate. 
 
 Meromyzobia Ashmead (type Ericydnus maciilipenim Ashm.). 
 
 6. Stigmal and postmarginal veins sliort, the latter sometimes hardly developed ; front wings with a dis- 
 
 coidal blotch 7 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins not sliort, usually long, the hitler the longer, sometimes as long as the 
 marginal ; front wings without a discoidal blotch S 
 
 7. Frons very minutely shagi-eened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface, or almost smooth. 
 
 Head viewed from in front longer than wide; scutellum with a tuft of long hairs; abdomen 
 scarcely longer than the head and thorax united, the ovipositor not or scarcely e.xserled ; 
 flagellum gradually broadened towards apex, compressed, the pedicel hardly as long as the 
 first joint of the funicle ; the joints after the tliird broader than long. 
 
 Chrysopophagus Ashmcad (type C. comprcssicomis Ashm.). 
 
 Head viewed from in front not longer than wide, if anything a little wider than long ; scutellum 
 without a tuft of long hairs ; abdomen distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, with 
 a prominent ovipositor which is longer than half the length of the abdomen ; Hagellum sub- 
 clavate, not compressed, the funicle joints longer than thick Tineophoctonus Ashmcad 
 
 (type Phivnodeacus armalus Ashm.). 
 
 8. Frons regularly punctate, or broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining 9 
 
 Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface ; scape not compressedly 
 
 dilated beneath, either cylindrical or subcylindrical. 
 
 Antennas not longer than the body, usually somewhat shortci', the first joint of the llagclluni 
 rarely more than twice as long as thick ; stigmal vein not curved ; axilht; just meet at inner 
 basal angles Ericydnus Walker (type Encyrtus longicornis Dalm.). 
 
294 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Aiitemijc longer than the body, the first joint of tlie flagellum about five times as long as thick ; 
 stigmal vein gently curvetl ; axilhe unite anil form a slight ridge at base of scutellum. 
 
 Leptomastix Forster (type L. hislrio Mayr). 
 9. Frons regularly punctate ; scape beneath broadly compressedly dilated, the flagellum long, filiform, 
 
 cylindrical ; scutellum triangular, acute at apex, the axilla; separated Dinocarsis Forster 
 
 (type Encyrtus hemipterus Dalm.). 
 
 Frons broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most feebly shagreened ; scape long, 
 
 slender, tbe flagellum long, subcylindrical, feebly compressed, the first joint the longest, somewhat 
 
 more than twice as long as thick ; scutellum bifoveate at base Ectroma Westwood 
 
 (type Eupelmics rtifus Dalm.). 
 
 10. Frons finely shagreened or alutaceous, subopaque ; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin; scape 
 
 usually broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagellum slender, cylindrical; axillse not quite 
 meeting at inner basal angles ; front wings with a hairless line extending obliquely inward from the 
 
 stigmal vein Anagyrus Howard (type A. greenii How.). 
 
 Frons narrow, almost smooth ; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin ; scape broadly dilated beneath, 
 the flagellum compressed, fusiform, as seen from the side ; axillse meet at inner basal angle. 
 
 Anusia Forster (type Eclroma fiUvescens Westw.). 
 
 11. Frons regularly punctate, coriaceous or shagreened, with distinct scattered punctures over the sur- 
 
 fiice 12 
 
 Frons smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most micro-scopically shagreened ^ 13 
 
 12. Scutellum triangular, acute at apex ; scape dilated and comjire-ssed beneath Dinocarsis Forster. 
 
 Scutellum subtriangular, rounded, not acute at apex ; scape slender, cylindrical or at most subclavate. 
 
 Flagellum filiform or subclavate, not compressed ; axilla; touching each other at base of scutellum. 
 Funicle 4-joiuted, with 2 ring-joints; ocelli normal, the lateral close to the eye margin, 
 
 but not touching it Meromyzobia Ashmead. 
 
 Funicle 6-jointed, with no ring-joint ; ocelli very minute, the lateral lying close to the eye 
 
 margin Ericydnus Walker. 
 
 Flagellum compressed ; axillie separated, not touching each other at base of scutellum ; lateral 
 ocelli not close to the eye margin ; ovipositor exserted, the hypopygium very prominent. 
 
 Henicopygus Ashmead (type H. suhapterus Ashm.). 
 
 13. Scutellum subtriangular ; head transverse. 
 
 Scutellum without fovese 14 
 
 I Scutellum bifoveate at base. 
 
 Scape and flagellum not at all compressed, cylindrical Ectroma. Westwood. 
 
 14. Scutellum normal ; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform. 
 
 . Anusia Forster. 
 Scutellum lunate ; head seen from above subquadrate, wider (ban the thorax, the lateral ocelli rather 
 
 dose to the eye margin ; thorax with a silvery pubescence Baeocliaris Mayr 
 
 (type B. pasciionim ISIayr). 
 
 1 5. Frons not broad 1 " 
 
 Frons broad, sublenticular, the occipital margin acute. 
 
 Front wings with the postmarginal and stigmal veins rather long, r(|ual, not or scarcely shorter 
 than the marginal ; clypeus excised at apex ; antenna' long, filifoini, somewhat distant at 
 
 base, the iicdicel shorter than the first joint of the funielc Stenoterys Thomson 
 
 (type S. orhilalis Thorns.). 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF TIIK CIIALCID FLIFS 295 
 
 Front wings with the marginal and postmiirginal veins very short, the latter scarcely developed, 
 the marginal vein almost punctiform ; clypeus normal ; antenna; long, cylindrical, subclavate, 
 the scape slender, the pedicel twice as long as the first joint of funicle. 
 
 Tetracnemoidea Howard (type T. auslraliensin How.). 
 
 l(i. Axillie united at tlie inner basal angles, or at least touching each other 17 
 
 Axilla; widely separated at inner ba-sal angles ; postmarginal vein not developed. 
 
 Eyes rounded; antennte inserted far anteriorly below an imaginary line ilrinvn I'lom tlie base of 
 tlie eyes Tetracnemus Westwood (type T. dircrHicornis Westw.). 
 
 17. Eyes bare, not pul)escent 18 
 
 Eyes pubescent. 
 
 Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein at least as long as the 
 stigmal vein ; flagellum clavate ; the funicle joints short, wider than long. 
 
 Habrolepoidea Howard (typo Jf. f/lauca How.). 
 
 18. Wings hyaline 19 
 
 Wings fu.scous, with white rays or bands 23 
 
 19. Marginal vein punctiform, not longer than thick, the postmarginal vein not dcvelo|ied 22 
 
 Marginal vein not punctiform. 
 
 Marginal vein always longer than the stigmal vein 20 
 
 Marginal vein always shorter than the stigmal vein 21 
 
 20. Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein not longer than the shaft 
 
 of the stigmal vein, the latter short, perpendicular ; axillie just meet at their inner ba,sal angles ; 
 pronotum very short, scarcely visible from above ; raesonotum scaly punctate, or reticulate. 
 
 Tetralophiellus Ashmead (type T. bremcollis Ashm.). 
 
 Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein very short, hardly 
 
 developed ; axilla; meet at inner basal angles ; pronotum not short, conical ; mesonotum smooth ; 
 
 antennse not shoit, subclavate Tetracladia Howard (type T. texana How.). 
 
 21. Marginal vein fully twice as long as thick or about half the length of the stigmal vein, the post- 
 
 marginal vein only slightly developed ; antennae clavate, the club ovate, 3-joiuted, much stouter 
 than the funicle, the scape more than twice as long as thick at apex ; funicle joints one fourth 
 longer than thick ; pronotum very short, transverse linear ; mesonotum microscopically reticulate ; 
 
 hypopygiuni very prominent, plowshare-shaped Tetracnemopsis Ashmead 
 
 (type Tetracnemux westwoodii Ckll.). 
 
 22. Antennic subclavate, the pedicel hardly longer than tliick at apex, but longer than the first joint of the 
 
 fmiicle ; funicle joints subniouiliform ; pronotum very short ; mesonotum shagreened or scaly punc- 
 tate Pentacnemus Howard (type F. bucculatricis How.). 
 
 23. Marginal vein about twice as long as thick, not longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein hardly 
 
 so long ; axilliB not quite meeting an inner basal angles ; antennic subclavate, inserted close to the 
 mouth, the scape long, slender, only slightly thickened towards apex ; funicle joints 1-2 subequal, 
 hardly longer than thick, the following gradually increasing in thickness ; eyes very large ; irons 
 narrow ; mesonotum smooth, metallic, a little shorter than the scutellum, the latter opatpic, 
 
 shagreened ; abdomen ovate, shorter than the thoiax, depressed Habrolepopteryx Ashmead 
 
 (type Fsilopliriis j'ulcliripennis Ashm.). 
 
 24. Epistoma not carinate 25 
 
 Epistoma carinate 39 
 
 25. Antennie ramose, with 4 branches 2f) 
 
 Antenna; simple, without branches, the scape and llagelhuu sometimes dilated or compressed 27 
 
296 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 2G. Marginal vein rather long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short. 
 
 Wings with fuscous rays; lataral ocelli nearer to the eye margin than to the front ocellus; 
 
 axilla; meeting at base of scutellum Calocerinus Howard. 
 
 Wings hyaline ; lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin tluin to the front ocellus ; axilhe not 
 
 quite meeting at base of the scutellum Tetralophidea Ashmeail. 
 
 27. Winged forms 28 
 
 Wingless or subapterous forms :!G 
 
 28. Front wings with the marginal vein linear, longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein rather short, 
 
 hardly so long as the stigmal or clearly shorter, the stigmal vein bent so as to be nearly parallel 
 
 with it 28 
 
 Front wings with the marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short, or the 
 stigmal vein is longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, or if with the marginal vein 
 long or somewhat long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins are not short, the stigmal vein not bent 
 so as to be nearly parallel with the marginal 29 
 
 28. Frons and scutellum finely coriaceous, the thorax metallic or submetallic, with silvery hairs ; llagellum 
 
 filiform, the joints subequal, at least three times as long as thick, witli long, .si)arse hairs. 
 
 Chrysopophagus Ashmead. 
 
 29. Marginal vein long or somewhat long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not short 30 
 
 Marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and postmarginal veins short, or the stigmal vein longer 
 
 than the short marginal and postmarginal veins united 34 
 
 30. Frons minutely shagreened, with some minute punctures scattered over the surface 31 
 
 Frons broad, smooth, margaritaceously shining, impunctate 33 
 
 31. Autennaj 11-joiuted, with a 6-jointed funicle 32 
 
 Antennsu 9-jointed, with a 4-jointed funicle Meromyzobia Ashmead. 
 
 32. Antenuai not longer than the body, the joints of the llagellum closely united and clothed with a short, 
 
 dense pubescence Ericydnus Walker. 
 
 Antennse much longer than the body, the joints of the Uagelhuu subpedunculate and each joint fur- 
 nished with two whorls of long hairs Leptomastix Fiirster. 
 
 33. Antenna3 long, filiform, 9-jointed, feebly compressed Ectroma We.stwood. 
 
 34. Marginal vein slender, not stout 35 
 
 Marginal vein rather short and stout, the stigmal and postmarginal veins very shoit. 
 
 Scape usually broadly dilated below, the flagellum slender, cylindrical Anagyrus Howard. 
 
 35. Stigmal vein long ; scape long, dilated and compressed beneath, the flagellum filiform, clothed with a 
 
 short dense pile ; scutellum triangular, acute at apex ; body shagreened Dinocarsis P^orster. 
 
 Stigmal vein short ; scape broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform, 
 broadest towards the middle and gradually tapering off towards apex Anusia Forster. 
 
 36. Scutellum lunate 38 
 
 Scutellum triangular or subtriangular, never lunate. 
 
 Frons smooth, shining, somewhat iridescent 37 
 
 Frons shagreened or feeljly jjunetate. 
 
 Scape and llagellum uornial, the latter clothed with a short, dense pile. 
 
 Ericydnus Walker. 
 
 37. Scutellum bifoveatc at base ; scape and flagellum not at all compressed, cylindrical. 
 
 Ectroma West wood. 
 Scutellum not foveate at base ; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform. 
 
 Anusia Forster. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 297 
 
 38. Frons convex, finely coriaceous ; scape rather sliort, elavate, tlie i)e<lieel twice as loni; as thick at tip, 
 
 longer than the first funicle joint Bseocharis Jlayr. 
 
 39. Frous not broad 40 
 
 Frons broad ; axilla; united at inner basal angles. 
 
 AntennjB long, fusiform, without branches, and inserted rather hijili up on the face, the llagel- 
 
 lum clothed with sparse black pile Stenoterys Thomson. 
 
 Antenna; with 4 branches, a branch on joints 1 to 4 of funicle Tetracnemoidea Ashmead. 
 
 40. .Vxilhe united or touching each other at their inner basal angles ; anteunic either simple or ramose 41 
 Axillic either widely separated or at least not touching each other at their inner basal angles. 
 
 Autennie with 4 branches Tetracnemus Westwood. 
 
 41. Eyes bare, not pubescent. 4'2 
 
 Eyes pubescent. 
 
 Marginal vein a little shorter than the sligmal, the pustniarginal vein at least as long as the 
 stigmal vein, flagellum hairy, ivithout branches Habrolepoidea Howard.' 
 
 42. -Vntenna; with jive long branches 44 
 
 -Vntennic with four long branches. 
 
 Marginal vein not thri(^e as long as tlie stigmal vein ; po^t marginal vein verij short or not de- 
 veloped 4;! 
 
 Marginal vein about thrice as long as tlie stigmal vein, the pustmarginal vein sliml ; prunutuni 
 very short Tetralophiella Ashmead. 
 
 43. Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal ; pronotum not short, conical, at least as long as 
 
 the mesouotum Tetracladia Howard. 
 
 Marginal vein only about thrice as long as thick or about half the length of the stigmal ; pronotum 
 very short Tetracnemopsis Ashmead. 
 
 44. Marginal vein punctiforni. not half the lengtli of the stigmal, the postmarginal wanting. 
 
 Pentacnemus Howard. 
 Tkibk II. Evcijrthii. 
 The species liilliug in this (ril)e are lii-oad and rulmst, the inaiidil)les Ijeiiig liruad 
 and stout, truncate at apex, and edentate or nearly ; tlie labniiii is conspicuous; the 
 antenna' are very similar in both sexes; the marginal vein in the front wings is 
 short, the stigmal and postmarginal veins being usually long; in the hind wings 
 the mai-ginal cell is long and broad, while the hind tibite have hro apical spurs. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Metathorax with the lateral ridge bare ; spurs of hind tibite nearly c<iual 2 
 
 Metathorax with the lateral ridge or at least the metapleura clothed witli a silvery white pubescence ; 
 
 spurs of the hind tibiie unequal 3 
 
 2. Frons broad with a sparse, thimliU-likc punctuation, thicker towards the scrobes ; stigmal and post- 
 
 marginal veins long, nearly equal in length and three or more times longer than the marginal ; apical 
 half or more of front wings usually infumated ; scape long and slender. 
 
 Scutellum with a tuft of long hairs towards apex ; first joint of the flagellum hardly so long as 
 
 the second Encyrtus Latreille (type Chrysis injidua Rossi). 
 
 Scutellum ivithout a tuft of long hairs ; first joint of the flagellum a little longer than the second. 
 Howardiella Dalla Torre (type Botliriolhorax pcchhumi .\shm.). 
 
298 MEMOIRS OP THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 3. Froiis not broad, uearly smooth, opaque or minutely shagreeued, or witli only a few iiiinulo imiictures ; 
 stigmal and postmargiual veins unequal, the latter only slightly devi'loptd. tlie uiar^iiial vein very 
 
 short, uearly puuctiform ; frout wings hyaline but with a discoidal cloud Prionomastix Blayi- 
 
 (type Eacyiim morio Dalman). 
 
 TinisE III. Mlrini. 
 In this tribe fall the vast majority of the genera of the subfamily Eucyrthue, dis- 
 tinguished from the others by the mandibles, which are somewhat differently 
 shaped, and tridentate at apex. The tribe was fully discussed in the Proceedings of 
 the U. S. National Museum for 1900. The table of the genera published below is 
 practically the same as published in that work, except that some slight changes 
 have been made to enable me to incorporate some interesting new genera unknown 
 at that time. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males. 58 
 
 2. Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical tooth usually the longest, rarely with the two 
 
 apical teeth longer than the itiner ; labrum conspicuous ; front very closely punctate, or finely coria- 
 ceous, the thimble like punctures absent, or the punctures smaller or more sparsely scattered ; wiugs 
 not oruat'^, and usually with a very short, or a punctiform, marginal vein, the hind wings usually with 
 a long costal cell that extends to the booklets ; abdomen usually more or less compressed towards 
 apex, the ventral valve extending to the anus but not plowshare-shaped ; head as viewed from in 
 front usually somewhat longer than wide, often much longer than wide, or subtriangular, the scrobes 
 
 forming a triangle 8 
 
 Mandibles shorter, with the teeth smaller, less acute and equal or nearly ; labrum not conspicuous ; 
 frons frequently but not always with a series of large, thimble-like jjunctures ; wiugs variable, fre- 
 quently ornate or dusky, although often hyaline ; scrobes usually semicircular 13 
 
 3. Marginal vein punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick (very rarely twice as long as thick), the 
 
 postmargiual vein not at all or only slightly developed, very rarely as long as the stigmal vein ; stig- 
 mal vein is rathe- long, always more than twice the length of the marginal, or much longer; body 
 
 metallic or lustrous 4 
 
 ' Marginal vein not puuctiform, at least twice as long as thick, but usually much longer, the postmar- 
 giual vein longer than the stigmal vein 12 
 
 4. Head viewed from in front long, subtriangular, much longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar space, 
 
 long 5 
 
 Head viewed from iu front nut or scarcely longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar space, not especially 
 long ■. 11 
 
 5. Front Wmgs with a marginal fringe G 
 
 Front wings without a marginal fringe. 
 
 Antenna; very long and slender, the flagellar joints all very long, cylindical, the sixth being at 
 
 least four times as long as thick, the preceding still longer Psilophrys Mayr 
 
 (type Encyrtiis loni/iconiis Walk.). 
 
 6. Pedicel fully three times or more longer than thick at apex 7 
 
 Pedicel ,iol three times as long as thick at apex 10 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 299 
 
 7. Flagellum very long, two or more times longer than the scape, the funicle joints all cylindrical 8 
 
 Flagellum not so long, at the most not more than one and a half times the length of the scape, the 
 
 funicle joints gradually decreasing in length, not all the joints longer than thick, some at least wider 
 than long 9 
 
 8. Antennte very long and slender, as in Psilophrys, the scape very long and slender ; cheeks not quite 
 
 the length of the eyes ; ovipositor very long Parapsilophrys Howard (type P. gelechm How.)- 
 
 Antenn.ne long and slender hut shorter than in Psilophrijs, about twice as long as the scape, the joints 
 of the funicle long and cylindrical, the club not or only a little thicker than the last joint of the 
 funicle ; cheeks long Liothorax Mayr (type Encyrlus glaphyra Walker). 
 
 9. Flagellum at the most about one and a half times the length of the scape, the funicle joints gradually 
 
 decreasing in length, some toward the apex transversely ; club much thickened ; obliquely truncate 
 from beneath ; head and mesonotum finely, closely punctate or shagreened ; frons somewhat nar- 
 rowed ; eyes bare. Litomastix Thomson (type Encyrtus chalconotiis Dalm.). 
 
 Flagellum short, not much longer than the scape ; the funicle joints, except the first, not longer than 
 thick ; club stout, broader than the funicle ; frons broad ; eyes faintly hairy. Berecyntus Howard 
 
 (type li. bakcri Howard). 
 
 10. Chocks as long a-s the eyes or nearly ; antennse rather long, the funicle joints, however, rarely more 
 
 than twice a-s long as thick, gradually thickening apically ; the sixth joint never much longer than 
 wide and sometimes wider than long Copidosoma Ratzeburg (type C. houcheanus Ratz.). 
 
 11. Checks more than half the length of the eyes ; pedicel hardly twice as long as thick ; the flagellum 
 
 not long ; the joints of the funicle, except the first, small, not longer than thick, submoniliform, but 
 
 gradually increasing in size Prionomitus Mayr (type Encyrlus milratus Dalm.). 
 
 Cheeks very short, nearly obsolete ; pedicel three times as long as thick, the flagellum short, ela- 
 vate, the joints of the funicle annular, wider than long, the club greatly enlarged, longer than the 
 funicle ; mesonotum short, twice as wide as long, the pronotum not visible from above ; frons very 
 narrow, the lateral ocelli close to the eye margin ; eyes large, rounded, pubescent. 
 
 ArcMnus Howard (type A. occiip<iluK How.). 
 
 12. Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, blue or metallic ; pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the llagelkuu 
 
 long, the joints of the funicle much longer than thick, the club somewhat stouter than the funicle ; 
 
 eyes pubescent ; scutellum, but not the axilhe, shagreened. Parencyrtus Ashmead. 
 
 (tyjie P. bragiliensis Ashmead). 
 
 Mesonotum feebly, sparsely punctate, metallic blue or bluc-grcen ; pedicel hardly twice as long as 
 
 thick, the flagellum long and slender, joints 4-5 twice longer than thick, cylindrical, the club 
 
 3-jointed, not thicker tli;in the funicle; eyes large,' glabrous ; scutellum, as well as the axill.-e, 
 
 sculptured Cerchysius Westwood (type Encyrtus xubj>lanus Dalm.). 
 
 \?,. Abdomen globose, or subovat«, much shorter than the thorax, compressed, clothed with a rigid white 
 
 pubescence, the second segment usually large, .smooth medially ; species sometimes apterous. 14 
 
 Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent 1<> 
 
 14. Pronotum not large ; antenna; simple, the flagellum usually long, siibclavate, but not broad nor com- 
 
 pressed !•' 
 
 Pronotum large, conical, longer than the mesonotum ; antenna' with the scape and the flagellum 
 broad, strongly compressed; abdomen globose Mira Schellenberg (type M. macrocera Schell.). 
 
 15. Head above rounded, seen from in front much longer than wide ; frons narrow ; scape long and 
 
 slender ; scutellum not longer than the mesonotum. coriaceous : abdomen ovate, as long as the thorax. 
 
 Sphaeropisthus Tliomson (type S. pascuonim Thomson). 
 
300 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Head seen from in front not longer than wide ; frons broad ; antennae not long, inserted on a line with 
 the base of the eyes, flagellum subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least joints 3-6, wider than long ; 
 scutellum large, longer than the mesonotum ; front wings with a substigmal cloud ; postmarginal 
 and stigmal veins long, the latter nearly parallel with the costal margin ; abdomen shorter than the 
 thorax, compressed Chestomorpha Ashmead (type ('. bi/ormis Ashmead). 
 
 16. Head always distinctly lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures frequently large, thimble like ; hind 
 
 wings with the costal cell usually extending to the booklets 17 
 
 Head not or less distinctly lenticular," smooth, shagreeued, or finely closely punctate, rarely witli a 
 few large punctures scattered over the surface ; if with large, coarse, thimble-like jjunctures, the 
 antenna; are inserted on the middle of the face ■. 25 
 
 17. Marginal vein short or punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick : mesonotum punctate 18 
 
 Marginal ^vein at least twice as long as thick, but usually much longer ; mesonotum smooth, imimnctate 
 
 or finely rugulose 23 
 
 18. Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head 19 
 
 Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures less dense and the suiface 
 
 coriaceous 21 
 
 19 Scape normal, not dilated beneath, never with a leaf-like expansion, at the most clavate 20 
 
 Scape strongly dilated beneath, or with a leaf-like expansion, the club much enlarged ; as long as or 
 longer than the funicle .Snasius Walker (type ^. hyettua Walk.). 
 
 20. Punctures on the head and thorax coarse and dense. 
 
 Mesonotum very short, only half the length of the scutellum ; club of antennic as long as all the 
 
 funicle joints united ; postmarginal vein as long as the stiguial vein Chalcaspis Howard 
 
 (type C. pergandei How.). 
 Mesonotum at least as long as the scutellum ; club of antennic shorter than the funicle ; post- 
 marginal vein much shorter than the stigmal Bothriothorax Ratzeburg 
 
 (type Encyrhis clavicornis Dalm.). 
 
 Punctures on the head and the thorax smaller and less dense ; mesonotum a little longer than the 
 
 scutellum ; ftmicle joints longer than thick Aratus Howard (type A. scutellatus How.). 
 
 21. Vertex very narrow or at least not very broad, and sparsely or very feebly punctate, never closely 
 
 punctate 22 
 
 Vertex very broad, with a distinct thimble-like punctuation. 
 
 Club of the antenna shorter than the funicle ; postmarginal and stigmal veins short, s\ibeinial. 
 
 Pentelicus Howard (type J', aldrkhii How.). 
 Club of the antennae very large, longer than the funicle and the pedicel united ; postmarginal 
 
 and the stigmal veins very long, the latter the shorter Blepyrus Howard 
 
 (type B. mexicanus How.). 
 
 22. Vertex not very narrow, very sparsely and feebly punctate ; eyes not especially large, nor nearly 
 
 occupying the whole sides of the head ; scrobes rather deep ; scape slightly dilated beneath 
 towards apex, the flagellum subclavate, ringed with white, the club scarcely thicker than the funi- 
 cle ; ocelli in an obtuse triangle, the lateral farther apart than to the front ocellus ; wings hyaline, 
 subfuliginous toward base, the marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein longer than the short 
 
 postmarginal and the marginal united Hemaenasius Ashmead (type II. conftisus Ashm.). 
 
 Vertex and face very narrow, feebly punctate ; eyes very large, occupying nearly the whole sides of 
 the head and almost meeting on the vertex ; fi-ont ocellus placed far in advance of the lateral ocelli, 
 the latter close upon the eye margin ; llagellum short, (Oavalc, the pedicel large, obconic ; first joint 
 
ASllMRAD: CI,ASSIFICATIOX OK TIIK CHAI-CII) FLIKS 301 
 
 of funicle, as well as the following, transverse ; front wings with a large discal cloud heneuth the 
 stigmal and marginal veins, the postmarginal and the stiginal veins very long. 
 
 Euryrhopalus Howard (type E. schwitrzi Howard). 
 
 23. Marginal vein short, rarely much more than twice longer than thick 24 
 
 Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal vein 2.t 
 
 24. Head with some sparse thinibk-like or umliilicato punctures; sculilluiii a little longer than the 
 
 mesonotum ; eyes pubescent. 
 
 Club of antenme not longer than joints 1 and 2 of funicle united, the funicle joints all longer 
 than wide ; marginal vein scarcely as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein longer 
 than the stigmal ; abdomen conic-ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, will) 
 the ovipositor subexserted, doreum subconca\(' ; niandililes with the two outer teeth longer 
 
 and more acute than the inner Hemencyrtus Ashmead (type H. herbcrtii Ashm.). 
 
 Club of antemuc very large and distinctly longer than the funicle, the funicle joints all very 
 sliorl, wider than long; abdomen depressed, oval, shorter than the thorax; mandibles with 
 
 small, subequal teeth Coccophoctonus Ashmead (type C. dactylopii Ashm.). 
 
 2."). Wings embrowned, the costal cell in hind wings narrow and .short ; mesonotum scarcely as long as the 
 .scutellura, finely shagreened, with sparse punctures ; eyes large, bare ; flagellum ringed with white ; 
 pedicel obconical, only a little longer than thick, the following joints gradually shortening, the last 
 three funicle joints being not longer than widc.Phsenodiscus Forster (type Encyrtus iviieus Dalm.). 
 Wings hyaline, the costal cell in hind wings long and narrow ; mesonotum scarcely as long as the 
 scutellum, finely transversely vugulose or shagreened, especially anteriorly ; eyes pubescent ; flagel- 
 lum subclavate, not ringed with white ; pedicel very long, three times liS long as thick, the funicle 
 joints, except the first, wider than long Rhytidothorax Ashmead (type K. marlatti Ashm.). 
 
 26. Antennie inserted on or a little above the middle of the face 27 
 
 Antennse inserted near the mouth border or very far below the middle of the face 28 
 
 27. Frons convex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate ; scape not extending beyond the ocelli ; meso- 
 
 thorax rather coarsely shagreened ; front wings with the marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins 
 
 long, subequal Tanaoneura Howard (type T. mhmeadii Howard). 
 
 Frons highly convex but smooth ; scape very long, extending far beyond the ocelli ; mesonotum 
 smooth, polished ; front wings fasciate or maculate, the marginal vein short, the postmarginal and 
 stigmal veins much longer Hexacladia Ashmead (lyi)e H. smithii Howard). 
 
 28. Antennae with the funicle 6-joiuted 29 
 
 AntenniE with the funicle 3, 4- or 5-jointcd 5S 
 
 29. Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a ileuse, silvery-white pid)es- 
 
 ccnce ; body rather robust 30 
 
 Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose 34 
 
 30. Antenna; similar in both sexes, the club .strongly obliquely acuminate, eiinieal, often white; front 
 
 wings most freipiently with a fuscous cloud or maculate: scapi- cylindrical, not at all dilati'd :il 
 
 AntenniE dis.similar in the sexes, the club not thicker than the luniele ; marginal and postmarginal 
 
 veins not very short, the former usually, but not always, a little the longer 32 
 
 31. Marginal vein not punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal veins rather long, at least twice longer 
 
 than the marginal Homalotylus Mayr (type EiwyrlusJUiminius Dalm.). 
 
 Marginal vein punctiform or nearly ; the stigmal vein very long, curved ; the postmarginal vein en- 
 tirely wanting Isodromus Howard (type /. iccri/iv Howard). 
 
 32. Thorax wilhout a white lunula before the teguhe ; ovipositor not exserted, or if exserted very slender 33 
 
302 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Thorax icilh a white lunula before the tegulffi, rarely without ; ovipositor strongly exserted, thick and 
 compressed, the sheaths broad ; abdomen rather long, as seen from above conic-ovate. 
 
 Cerchysius Westwood (type Encyrtus subplamts Dalm.). 
 
 33. Frons rather narrow, the eyes large, converging above, the lateral ocelli lying close to the eye margin ; 
 
 abdomen oval or ovate, the ovipositor not exserted ; thorax not closely or deeply punctate ; hind 
 
 wings with the costal cell short and narrow. Sceptrophorus Forster (type S. sceptriger Forst.). 
 
 Frons not narrow, the eyes smaller and only slightly converging above, the lateral ocelli not close to 
 the eye border, distant ; scrobes semicircular ; abdomen oval-rotund, the ovipositor exserted but 
 very slender ; thorax short, closely punctate, or with large, deep punctures ; hind wings with the 
 
 costal cell broad and extending to the booklets Echthroplexis Forster 
 
 (type Cxiwcercua puncticoUis Thorns.). 
 
 34. Head as viewed from the side with the frons not prominent ; antenufB normal or at the most with only 
 
 the scape compressed or dilated ; wings hyaline, rarely fuscous or subfuscous with whitish transveree 
 or hyaline bands, the marginal vein rarely punctiform, but rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the 
 postmarginal vein most frequently developed, rarely wanting or .shorter than the marginal or stigmal 
 
 veins 34 
 
 Head as viewed from the side with the frons prominent, the lace iiiflexcd ; antennsE frequently 
 strongly compressed, dilated ; front wings usually fuscous or with ftiscous rays, the marginal vein 
 somewhat thick, oblong, very rarely much shorter or much longer than the stigmal vein, the post- 
 marginal vein usually wanting ; ovipositor not or scarcely exserted 48 
 
 35. Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal vein from two and one-half 
 
 to three times longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein wanting or short, only slightly devel- 
 oped, rarely well developed ; scape slender, or at most subclavate ; body metallic 36 
 
 Marginal vein not short, punctiform, although rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal 
 vein most frequently well developed, rarely somewhat shorter than the marginal or stigmal veins 38 
 
 36. Pedicel obconical, much stouter and longer than the first joint of the funicle, sometimes as long as 
 
 joints 1 and 2 united ; frons rather narrow, the eyes as seen from in front somewhat convergent 
 
 above ; club of antennse not especially large, shorter than the funicle 37 
 
 Pedicel short, scarcely longer than thick ; frons moderate, the ocelli about their width from the eye 
 margin ; club of antennse large, the length of the funicle or nearly ; funicle joints short, submonili- 
 
 form, the three or four terminal joints wider than long Coccidencyrtus A.shmead 
 
 (type Encyrtus ensigcr How.). 
 
 37. Lateral ocelli close to or touching the eye margin ; postmarginal vein not or only slightly devel 
 oped. 
 
 Eyes bare ; postmarginal vein not developed. Ooencyrtus Aslnnead 
 
 (type Encyrtuit clifiiocampse Ashm.). 
 
 Eyes pubescent ; postmarginal vein as long as tbe marginal Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part). 
 
 Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin, from one and a half to twice their width from it ; post- 
 marginal vein somewhat developed Psyllaephagus Ashmead (type Encyrtus pachypnydx How.). 
 
 38. Species not metallic ; head and thoi'ax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, or closely microscopically 
 
 punctate, or shagrcened and punctate 39 
 
 Species metallic or submetallic 40 
 
 39. Postmarginal vein present. 
 
 First joint of the funicle shorter than the pedicel, all the funicle joints being short; marginal 
 vein punctiform Aphycus i\Iayr (type Encyrltis apwalis Mayr). 
 
ASUMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCll) FLIES 303 
 
 First joint of the fuuicle much longer than the pedicel, cylindrical, the following jfradiuilly 
 
 shortening, but the last is still a little longer than thick Heterarthrellus Howard 
 
 (type U. auHlrulicMis How.). 
 Postmargiiial vela wanting ; joints increase in w idth. but tlicy are not longer than wide. 
 
 Astymachus Howard (type J.japonica How.). 
 
 40. Thorax toithout a scaly pubesceuce, and without white hinulie before the teguhe 41 
 
 Thorax with a scaly pubescence, and with white lunulaj before the teguhe. 
 
 Scape more or less dilated beneath, especially towards the apex, rarely simple, the Hagellum 
 ringed with white ; wings hyaline, the stigraal and postmarginal veins subequal, longer than 
 the marginal Blastothriz Mayr (type Encyrttis sericeus Dalm.). 
 
 41. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subclavate ; wings hyaline 42 
 
 Scape dilated or expanded beneath, the club not especially enlarged, shorter than the funicle, the 
 
 latter usually ringed with white, the first four joints of same longer than wide ; front wings usually 
 
 with fuscous bands, or fuscous with hyaline bands or markings Microterys Thomson 
 
 (type Encyrtus sylvius Dalm.). 
 
 42. Thorax finelj- coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the siu-face ; frons punctate ; 
 
 postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal 43 
 
 Thorax .smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with line longitudinal stri;e 
 on the mesoootum 44 
 
 43. Scape subclavate, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not thicker than the funicle ; 
 
 front wings hyaline with an oblique hairless line from the marginal vein ; stigmal and postmarginal 
 veins longer than the marginal ; scutelkim with a delicate median grooved line at ba.se. 
 
 Holcencyrtus Ashmead (type Ajihycus nitjer Ashmead.). 
 
 44. Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate 45 
 
 Mesonotum with fine longitudinal strice. 
 
 Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal longer than the marginal and 
 the stigmal veins united ; eyes pubescent ; funicle joints 2-4 not longer than thick. 
 
 Ageniaspis Dahlbom (type Encyrtus fuscicollis Dalm.). 
 
 45. Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal veins united ; axill;c 
 
 either meet at their inner basal angles or they are separated 47 
 
 Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the marginal and postmarginal 
 veins united ; the axillae do not meet at their inner basal angle 46 
 
 46. Lateral ocelli not close to the eye border ; club of antennje not much enlarged, only about half the 
 
 length of the funicle, the joints of the funicle cylindrical, much longer than wide, never moniliform ; 
 abdomen conic-ovate, usually a little longer than the head and thorax united. 
 
 Pseudencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus cecidomyite How.). 
 Lateral ocelli close to the eye border; club of antennie not one third the length of the funicle, the 
 joints of the funicle gradually thickening to the club, wide, joints 1 to o a little longer than thick, 
 the sixth quadrate ; abdomen short-ovate, shorter than the thorax. 
 
 Tachardiaphagus Ashmead, gen. nov. (type T. thoracicus Ashm.). 
 
 47. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usually distinctly shorter 
 
 than the marginal. 
 
 Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal. 
 
 Club of antenna; short, not one third the length of the funicle, funicle joints 1 to 4 short- 
 ening, not longer than thick ; axilhe meet at base of scutellum ; head sublenticular- 
 
304 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 with some sparse punctures, the lateral ocelli away from the eye border ; abdomen 
 
 ovate, Hal above, not longer than the thorax Tachinaephagus Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (tjpe T. zealandicus Ashm.). 
 Postniarginal very short, or shorter than tlie stigmal. 
 
 Club of the antennie much enlarged, u.sually as long or nearly as long as the funicle, or 
 a little longer, and obliquely truncate from beneath, the joints of the funicle, or at least 
 the first three or four joints, moniliform, or not longer than thick, the others transverse ; 
 abdomen ovate, rarely longer than the head and thorax united, most frequently the 
 
 leiigUi of the thorax oi- a little longer Epienc3rrtus Ashmead 
 
 (type Encyrtua thyreodontis Ashm.). 
 
 Club of antennie not much enlarged, nor obliquely truncate from beneath, fusiform, and 
 
 le.ss than half the length of the funicle, none of the funicle joints wider than long ; 
 
 abdomen short ovate, hardly as long as the thorax Syrphophagus Ashmead 
 
 (type Encyrtus meaograptsR Ashm.). 
 Stigmal vein \'ery shoit, scarcely so long as tlie marginal and postmarginal veins united, the former 
 being not moie than, or hardly, twice as long as thick, the postmarginal vein never well developed, 
 although acuminate and longer than the short marginal ; club of antennae oblong, stouter, and a 
 little more than half the length of the funicle, the first two or three joints of the funicle short or 
 moniliform, the following a little longer than thick, or at most with only the last two joints a little 
 wider than long ; abdomen broadly oval and considerably shorter than the thorax ; scutellum vari- 
 able, subopaquely sculi)tured or polished, impunctate, the axillae not quite meeting at their inner 
 basal angles Aphidencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus aphidiphagus Ashm.). 
 
 48. Winged 49 
 
 Apterous. 
 
 Scutellum triangular, acute at apex, not declivous ; head with the scrobes deep ; antennae 
 simple Choreia Westwood (type Encyrtus ineptus Dalm.). 
 
 49. Head with the face much iuflexed, the scrobes deep, semicircular, the frons most frequently regularly 
 
 or very minutely, feebly punctate 50 
 
 Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes, however, always forming a 
 semicircle ; antennae simple, or at least never much compressed, nor very broad, subcylindrical ; 
 
 wings not fusco-radiate ; scutellum with a clump of hairs at apex Cheiloneurus Westwood 
 
 (type C. formosus Westw.). 
 
 50. Wings ftiscous, usually with the extreme tips white or hyaline 52 
 
 Wings not so colored. 
 
 Wings with fuscous rays, or with leopard-like spots 51 
 
 Wings hyaline or at most with a discoidal cloud ; antennie short. 
 
 Eyes large, rounded, strongly convergent above and leaving a very narrow^ or linear 
 vertex ; antennie very short, the club enormously enlarged, longer than the funicle 
 
 and several times thicker, the joints of the funicle transverse. Zaomma Ashmead 
 
 (type Encyrtus argeniipes How.). 
 Eyes not unusually large, only slightly converging ivbove, the vertex not especially 
 narrow ; club of antennae not unusually enlarged and about the length of the funicle, 
 the joints of the funicle transverse, the first two or three submouiliform. 
 
 Adelencyrtus Ashmead (type Encyrtus chionaspidis How.). 
 
 51. Wings with leopard-like si)ots ; antenna' very long and slender, longer than the body, the club en- 
 
 larged Callipteroma Motschulsky (type C. S-signatus Motsch.). 
 
ASIIMEAI>: CLASSIIMCATION OF THE CIIAI.CII) El-IKS 305 
 
 Wings with fuscous rays. 
 
 Head obloug ; autcnniu strongly (•()mi>r(ssoil, hroad ; occipital inai-iii and the scutcliuin normal. 
 
 Cerapterocerus ^\'l■st\vood (type C. mirabilig Westw.). 
 
 Head no< oblong ; antenna; neither strongly compressed nor broad; occipital margin medially 
 
 and superiorly, with two strong clavate hairs ; scutellum at ape.x with one or two clumps 
 
 of hairs ; marginal Vi^^in m )re than twice as long as thick. 
 
 Funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not especially large. 
 
 Habrolepis Forster (tyi)c Encyrlus ilalmani Wcstw.). 
 Funicle 4-i()iiited, the joints fully twice as long as thick, or a little longer, the club very 
 large, fusilbrni, nearly as long as the funicle and much stouter. 
 
 Homalopoda Howard (type If. n-Mata How.). 
 
 52. Marginal veiii shorter than tlie stignuil or no longer 5.'-, 
 
 Marginal vein longer than the stignial ; facial impression not honmlcd by a distinct arched carina 
 
 superiorly .r,;} 
 
 53. Scutellum ivithoul a tuft of black bristles near apex 54 
 
 Scutellum with a tuft of black bristles near apex. 
 
 Head with a series of moderately large punctures ; axilhc very narrow, transversely wedge- 
 shaped, with the points just meeting at base of the .scutellum ; antenna; compressed, the 
 scape wide Eusemion Dahlbom (type Encyrtvs corniger Haliday). 
 
 Head microscopically punctate ; axillae with their points not quite meeting ; antennie strongly 
 clavate, subcompressed, the scape subclavate, the club very large, many times larger than 
 
 the funicle, the joints of the latter transverse, linear Blatticida Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type B. pulchra Ashm.). 
 
 54. Head smooth, shining, with very fine, sparse punctures ; ocelli in an acute triangle ; axilla; united at 
 
 base of the scutellum Atropates Howaid (type A. collinsi How.). 
 
 55. Facial impression not bounded by an arched carina superiorly 57 
 
 Facial impre.ssion and scrobes deep, bounded by a distinct arched carina sujieriorly. 
 
 Scutellum without a tuft of bristles ,r,G 
 
 Scutellum with a tuft of bristles. 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins very long Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead 
 
 (type liileya splcndens How.). 
 5(). Marginal and postmarginal veins snlie(|ual, the stignial a little the longer; eyes naked; ocelli iu an 
 
 acute triangle; funicle not longer than the lirst joint of tlic club Asteropaeus Howard 
 
 (type ^.;),-/m».9 How.). 
 
 Marginal longer, tiie stigmal and postmarginal veins not long ; eyes pubescent ; joints of the funicle 
 
 all short and rapidly widening from the narrow pedicel, the club longer than the funicle, oblicpiely 
 
 truncate from beneath towards apex ; tarsi short and somewhat thickened Anicetus Howard 
 
 (type A. ceylonensis How.). 
 
 57. Scutellum normal ; eyes pubescent ; anteniuu short, the scape somewhat broadly dilated toward apex ; 
 
 the flagellum strongly incrassatcd, scarcely longer than the scape, the very large club longer than 
 the funicle, the joints of funicle annular; marginal vein punctilbrm, the .stigmal and postmarginal 
 veins very long as in Encyrlus Zarhopalus .\shmead (type Z. Khcldoni Ashm.). 
 
 58. Antenna" 10-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed. 
 
 Scape linear, wholly received in the scrobes; marginal vein punetiform Metallon Walker 
 
 (tyi>e .U. aninillh Walk.). 
 
306 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Antenna; 9-jointc(1, the funicle 4-joiuted Cercobelus Walker (type C.jugieus AValk.). 
 
 Antennse 6-jointed, the funicle 3-jointed Coccobius Ratzeburg (type unknown.) 
 
 59. Mandibles with the teeth shorter, less acute ; lalMUin not conspicuous ; frons punctate and frequently 
 
 with a series of large, thimble-like punctures ; wings often ornate, sometimes wanting or ab- 
 breviated 65 
 
 Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical one usually larger and more acute than the other 
 two ; labrum consi)icuous ; frons very closely punctate or shagreened, the large punctures wanting ; 
 front wings not ornate, usually with a punctiform or very short marginal vein, the hind wings 
 usually with a long costal cell, which extends to the booklets ; head, as seen from in front, rather 
 narrow and long, subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle. 
 
 Postmarginal vein wanting or hardly developed, the marginal vein very short, punctiform. 60 
 Postmarginal vein distinct, longer than the stigmal vein 64 
 
 60. Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, the cheeks long 61 
 
 Head, viewed from in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks not long 63 
 
 61. Front wings with marginal cilia 62 
 
 Front wings without marginal cilia. 
 
 Antennffi very long and slender, the flagellar joints all very long, the sixth the shortest, but 
 five times as long as wide Psilophrys Mayr. 
 
 62. Pedicel three or more times longer than thick at apex, the ilagellum with long hairs. 
 
 Funicle joints about four times as long as thick, cylindrical ; mesonotum and scutellum 
 
 shagreened Parapsilopbrys Howard. 
 
 Funicle joints less than thrice as long as thick ; mesonotum reticulate Liotborax Mayr. 
 
 Pedicel not three times as long as thick, the fiagellum clothed with long hairs. 
 
 Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 
 
 63. Cheeks about half the length of the eyes ; funicle joints 1-5 triangularly toothed, with long hairs. 
 
 Prionomitus Mayr. 
 Cheeks very short ; eyes large, rounded, pubescent ; pedicel thrice as long as thick. 
 
 Arcbinus Howard. 
 
 64. Mesonotum lustrous, smooth, blue or metallic. 
 
 Pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the fiagellum filiform or subfilifoim, with a .short, sparse 
 pubescence, the funicle joint from two and a half to three times as long as thick ; the first 
 joint very long, four or more times longer than thick ; eyes pubescent ; postmarginal vein 
 very long Parencyrtus Ashmead. 
 
 65. Abdomen with the dorsum fiat or concave, not rigidly pubescent 66 
 
 Abdomen subglobose or subovate, clothed with a rigid white pubescence. 
 
 Pronotum large, conical ; antennae strongly compressed, broad ; wings wanting or poorly de- 
 oped, not extending to middle of abdomen Mira Schellenberg. 
 
 Pronotum not large ; antennse simple, neither compressed nor broad. 
 
 Head, .seen from in front, much longer than wide ; marginal vein not short : antenna; long, 
 the fiagellum subclavate, clothed with a soft, dense pubescence. Spbaeropisthus Thomson. 
 Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide ; marginal vein very short, the postmargi- 
 nal vein longer than the stigmal ; fiagellum filiform, the joints nearly thrice as long as thick. 
 
 Chestomorpha Ashmead. 
 
 66. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, opaciuc, minutely, closely ])unctafc, shagreened, or smooth and 
 
 shining, at the most with only a few large punctures 70 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALrll) FLIES :>()7 
 
 Head transversely broad, always lenticular, the scrolies short, the piinctures large, thimble-like ; hind 
 wings with the costal cell usually extending to the booklets. 
 
 Marginal vein rarely short, at least longer than thick, and usually much longer ; mesonotum 
 
 smooth, impunctate, or at most shagreened G8 
 
 Marginal vein very short, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick ; mesonotum punctate. 
 Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures less dense and 
 
 the surface finely coriaceous ; postmarginal and stigmal veins short, subequal G7 
 
 Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head ; jiostmarginal vein very short 
 or subobsolete (rarely long), the stigmal vein long. 
 
 Scape normal, without a leaf-like expansion beneath. 
 Punctures on head and thorax coarse and dense. 
 
 Mesonotum very short, only about half the length of the scutellum ; post- 
 marginal vein usually as long as the stigmal ; fiagelluni long, with long 
 
 sparse hairs, not arranged in half whorls Chalcaspis Howard. 
 
 Mesonotum at least as long as the scutellum or very nearly ; postmarginal 
 vein much shorter than the stigmal ; (lagellum with funicle joints sub- 
 excised at apex, with half whorls of long hairs. 
 
 Bothriothorax Ratzeburg. 
 Punctures on hea<l and thorax small and less dense ; mesonotum a little 
 
 longer than the scutellum Aratus Howard. 
 
 67. Vertex and face broad, finely shagreened, and sparsely punctate ; scrobes deep, semicircular. 
 
 Pedicel obconical, longer than thick at apex, the flagellum subclavate, the joints, after the first, 
 
 wider than long Pentelicus Howard. 
 
 Pedicel very minute, the llagillum liliforni, i)il(ise, the joints suheciuate, about two and one half 
 
 times as long as thick 31epyrus I lowaid. 
 
 Vertex and face very narrow, or nut broad. 
 
 Head with coarse thimble-like punctures, the thorax smooth, impunctate ; tlagellum short, 
 thick, filiform, clothed with a dense .short pubescence, the joints wider than long. 
 
 .ffinasius Walker. 
 Head smooth without coarse thiinl)U-like punc-liires. at the most with some spai-se punctures 
 on the vertex ; (higclhim long, subclavate, not tliiik and only sparsely pubescent. 
 
 Euryrhopalus Howard. 
 
 ()8. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal G'J 
 
 Marginal vein rarely more than twice as long as thick ; head with rather sparse, scattered, unibilieate 
 punctures, the scutellum a little longer than the mesonotum. 
 
 Head not wider than the thorax between the wings ; llagelUun not short, filiform, and clothed 
 with rathershortspar.se hairs, the funicle joints longer than wide, the first a little the longest. 
 
 Hemencyrtus .\shniea<l. 
 Head wider than the thorax between the wings; llagellum short, strongly clavate, as in the 
 female; the club large and longer than the funicle, tin- joints of the latli-r minute, annular. 
 
 Coccophoctonus .Vslmuad. 
 69. Mesonotum as long as the scutellum or nearly, rarely somewhat shorter, the surface finely shagreened, 
 at most with some feebly defined .spai-se punctures ; marginal vein shorter tlian the stigmal, the lat- 
 ter not very short ; flagellum filiform, i)ilose, the funicle joinis ahmit twice as long as thick ; eyes 
 bare Phaenodiscus Fiirster. 
 
308 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Mesonotum inuoh shorter than the scutellurn, finely delicately shagreened or rugulose, especially ante- 
 riorly ; marginal vein a little longer than the stigmal ; flagellum subclavate, densely pubescent, the 
 funicle joints 2-6 not longer than thick, if anything a little wider than long ; eyes pubescent. 
 
 Khytidothorax A.sluuead. 
 
 70. Antenute inserted near the mouth border or far below the middle of the face 71 
 
 Antenna; inserted on or a little above the middle of the face. 
 
 Frons subconvex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate ; thorax rather coarsely shagreened 
 or finely rugulose ; scape not extending beyond ocelli ; front wings with the marginal, post- 
 marginal and stigmal veins long, subequal Tanaoneura Howard. 
 
 Frons highly convex, smooth and polished, as is also the thorax ; scape long, extending far 
 beyond the ocelli ; front wings with the marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins rather 
 short, the marginal thickened with a fuscous cloud or band beneath ; flagellum with six long 
 branches flexacladia Ashmead. 
 
 71. AntenniE with the funicle 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-jointed 89 
 
 Antennse with the funicle 6-jointed (in a single case 2 jointed). 
 
 Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose 75 
 
 Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a den.se silvery pubes- 
 cence ; body rather robust 72 
 
 72. Antennas unlike those of the female, filiform, pilose, or with whorl.-; of hairs, or the funicle joints den- 
 
 tate or subpedunculate, with whorls or fascicles of hairs 73 
 
 Antenuaj similar to those of the female, filiform or at most subclavate, the club conical, strongly 
 obliquely truncate from beneath, often white, the scape cylindrical, not at all dilated ; front wings 
 usually with a discoidal fuscous cloud or macula. 
 
 Marginal vein not punctiform, although short, the stigmal and postmarginal veins long, very 
 
 much longer than the marginal Homalotylus ]Mayr. 
 
 Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, the postmarginal vein not developed or 
 wanting Isodromus Howard. 
 
 73. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually a little longer than the stigmal, 
 
 rarely somewhat shorter. 
 
 Thorax without white lunula; before the tegulie 74 
 
 Thorax, with white lunulas, or at least a dot, before the teguhc Cerchysius \\'estwood. 
 
 74. Hind wings, with the costal cell short and narrow. 
 
 Antenufe long ; the flagellum long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse hairs; the fiinicle 
 
 joints long Sceptrophorus Forstcr. 
 
 Hind wings with the costal cell broad and extending as far as the booklets Echthroplexis Forster. 
 
 75. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed ; antenna; frequently compressed, dilated, broad ; 
 
 front wings usually with fuscous rays or fuscous with white tips, more rarely hyaline ; sometimes 
 apterous or subapterous ; marginal vein usually somewhat thickened, oblong, very rarely much longer 
 
 or much shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal frequently wanting S3 
 
 Head, as seen from the side, with the frons not prominent ; wings most frequently hyaline, although 
 sometimes with transverse fuscous bands or fuscous with white bands. 
 
 Marginal vein not short, punctiform, but rarely longer than the stigmal, always more than 
 twice longer than thick, the postmarginal most frctiuently well developed, rarely somewhat 
 
 shorter than the marginal 77 
 
 Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than tliick, the stigmal from two and a half 
 to three times or moie longer than the marginal ; the postnuiiginal wanting or very short, 
 
ASHMKAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF TIIR CHALCID FLIES 309 
 
 not well (U'veloped, scape slender or at most subclavatc, ni'ver dilatod ; IVon.s visnally ratlier 
 
 narrow, the eyes, as seen from in front, slightly converging above. 
 
 Scape slender, or at most subclavnte ; frons rather narrow 7G 
 
 Scape and flagellum abnormally conipressed and broad, the funicle joints 1 to 4 wider 
 than long Mirocerus Ashmoad, n. g. (type M. peyehe Ashm.)- 
 
 76. Flagellum with the hairs on the fuuicle joints not arranged in half whorls. 
 
 Lateral ocelli touching the eye margin ; flagellum with long hairs. 
 
 Eyes bare ; postmarginal vein not developed or so slightly <k'veloped as not to be con- 
 sidered Ooencyrtus .Vshmead. 
 
 Eyes pubescent; postmarginal vein as long as the marginal.. Ageniaspis Dahlboni (part). 
 Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin ; postmarginal vein somewhat developed ; llagelluin 
 
 filiform, with a .short pubescence Psyllaephagus .\shniead. 
 
 Flagellum with the haire on the funicle joints arranged in half wliorls Coccidencyrtus Ashniead. 
 
 77. Species metallic or submetallic 78 
 
 Species not metallic ; head and thorax opa(iuc or subopaque. alutaeeous, ehisely microscopieally punc- 
 tate or shagreened, and pubescent. 
 
 Postmarginal vein present. 
 
 Pedical longer than the first joint of funicle ; flagellum clothed with hairs, the funicle 
 joints, except the tir.st two or three joints, not or scarcely longer than thick. 
 
 Aphycus Jlayr. 
 Pedicel very short ; tlagelUun elongate, the club only slightly enlarged, tlie funicle joints 
 elongate, cylindrical, and clothed with sparse, long haiis. .. . Heterarthrellus Howard. 
 Postmarginal vein wanting. 
 
 Pedicel as long as the first funicle joint ; flagellum subclavatc, the club not quite so long 
 as funicle joints 4-C united, first joint of funicle the longest, the following gradually 
 shortening, clothed with a short, rather dense pubescence Astymachus Howard. 
 
 78. Thorax without a scaly pubescence, and without white lunuhe before the tcguhe 79 
 
 Thorax with a scaly pubescence, and with white lunulaj before the tegute. 
 
 Flagellum elongate, the funicle joints long, excised or subexcised at apex with whorls of long 
 hairs Blastothrix Mayr. 
 
 79. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subelavate ; wings hyaline 80 
 
 Scape usually dilated or expanded beneath, or at least with a carina, rarely simple, unlike the female ; 
 
 wings fuscous or subfuscous, with transverse hyaline bands, rarely hyaline. 
 
 Thorax smooth but microscopically coriaceous, with sparse punctures scattered over the surfoce ; 
 frons with a series of punctures, especially on the orbits .Microterys Thomson. 
 
 80. Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over tin- surface; Irons punctate ; 
 
 scutellum with a delicate impressed median line ; wings pubiscent, witli an oblique hairless line 
 from base of stigmal vein ; flagellum subliliforni, clothed with a short, deiisi' pubescence, tlie funicle 
 
 joints a little wider. than long Holcencyrtus Ashniead. 
 
 Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most iiiicroscupically reliciilate, or witli line longitudinal stria: 
 on the mesonotum. 
 
 Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate 81 
 
 Mesonotum with flue longitudinal stria;. 
 
 Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the iiostmargiiuil \iiii longer than the 
 marginal and stigmal veins united ; eyes pubescent Ageniaspis Dahlboni. 
 
310 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEOIE MUSEUM 
 
 81. Stiginal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmaiginal veins united ; axilhe 
 
 meet at their inner basal angles 82 
 
 Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the marginal and jmstmaginal 
 veins united ; axillae do not quite meet at their inner basal angles. 
 
 Antenna; with the scape rather short and stout, not reaching to the front ocelli, the flagellum 
 elongate filiform, clothed with sparse moderately long hairs, the funicle joints about thrice as 
 
 long as thick, or nearly Pseudencyrtus Ashniead. 
 
 Antenna; with the scape long, slender, reaching to or beyond the front ocellus, the flagellum elon- 
 gate filiform, the ftinicle joints more than twice longer than wide, v\ ith long sparse hairs ; scutel- 
 lum shagreened or striate Microterys Thomson (part). 
 
 82. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, u.sually distinctly shorter, 
 
 the postmarginal very short, or shorter than the stigmal Epiencyrtus Ashmead. 
 
 AntenuiE with the .scape short, not extending beyond the middle of the face, the flagellum fili- 
 form, sparsely pilose, the funicle joints aljout two and a half times as long as thick ; lateral 
 
 ocelli about or nearly twice their width from the eye margin Syrphophagus Ashmead. 
 
 Stigmal vein very short, not so long as the marginal and postmaginal united, the foi-mer being not more 
 than or hardly twice as long as thick, the postmarginal never well developed, although acuminate 
 and longer than the short marginal. 
 
 Flagellum filiform, pilcse, the joints of funicle about twice as long as thick ; lateral ocelli 
 at least their width from eye margin Aphidencyrtus Ashmead. 
 
 83. Scutellum neilher triangular nor acute at apex 84 
 
 Scutellum triangular, acute at apex. 
 
 Antennie simple, subfiliform, pubescent Choreia Westwood. 
 
 84. Funicle 6-jointed 85 
 
 Funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylindrical (teste Mayr) Habrolepis Fcirster. 
 
 85. Head with vertex antero-posteriorly broad, the face much inflexed, the frous regularly punctate ; an- 
 
 tennse with the scape and flagellum usually strongly compressed, broad ; wings fuscous or with fus- 
 cous rays 86 
 
 Head always semiglobo.se, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes always forming a semicircle ; 
 antenna; simple, filiform, the joints long, cylindrical, distinctly separated and haiiy, rarely slightly 
 compressed ; wings usually fusco-radiate or partly fuscous, rarely entirely hyaline. 
 
 Scape elongate, extending to or beyond the front ocellus, the flagellum very long, clothed 
 
 with rather long hairs Cheiloneurus AVestwood. 
 
 8G. Wings fuscous, with nariow white tips 87 
 
 Wings hyaline, the marginal vein rather long, stout, as long as the stigmal vein, the latter not short, 
 the postmarginal not developed ; antenmu long, filiform, the flugelluni with si)arse modei'iitely long 
 hairs ; funicle joints 1-G constricted at apex or subpedunculate, soiiitwliat similar to the male in 
 Euryloma Cerapterocerus AVestwood. 
 
 87. Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal 88 
 
 Marginal ^'ein longer than the stigmal. 
 
 Facial impression not bounded by a distinct carina superiorly Eusemion Dalillion). 
 
 88. Facial impression and .scrobes deep, bounded by a high carina superiorly. 
 
 Scutellum with a tuft of bristles ; stigmal and postmarginal veins very lun.u. 
 
 Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead. 
 
 Scutelluiii irilliiiut a tuft of bristles ; sliguuil and postmarginal veins not long. Anicetus Howard. 
 
 Facial impre.s.siun not liuuuded by a carina superiorly Zarhopalus Aslniicail. 
 
ASIIMKAO: rLASSIl'lf'ATION 0|.' THE CIIAI.ril) FF.IKS 311 
 
 89. Antenna; lO-jointcd, with a 5-jointed funiclc Metallon Walker. 
 
 Antennaj 9 jointed, the funicle 4-jointed Corcobelus Walker. 
 
 Antciintc 6-jointod, tlie funicle 3jointed Coccobius Katzeliiiri;. 
 
 Antcnnie o-ji.iMled. tlie rmiiele 2-ioinled, tlie eluU UMUS\ially lonfi and cylindrical . . . .Habrolepis Fiirster. 
 
 Tribe IV. Arrhcnophujhii. 
 In this tril)0 Xhc mandibles are acutely pointed, or conical, and edentate ; tarsi 
 4 or 5-j()inted, while the marginal vein, in the front wings, is wanting or puncti- 
 form, the postmarginal vein being absent. The stigmal vein is sometimes present. 
 
 TAI'.LK OF GENEKA. 
 
 1 . Tarsi 4-jointed 2 
 
 Tarsi 5-jointed. 
 
 Front wings witli tlie marginal vein ]mnctiform, the postmarginal wanting, the stigmal vein 
 rather short and curved ; ? with 10-jointcd antenna-, the funiclc o-jointed, joints 1-3 small, 
 wider than long ; ovipositor exserted Rhopoideus Howard (type iJ. cilrinus How.). 
 
 2. Front wings with the mai-ginal and stigmal veins wanting, the suljco.stal vein not quite attaining the 
 
 costal edge and en<ling in a stigma ; ? with .".-Jointed antenna;, c? with 9-jointed antennsu. 
 
 Arrhenophagus Auiivillius (type A. chionaspidis Auriv.). 
 
 Subfamily III. Signiphokin.t:. 
 1894. Signiphorina3, Subfamily, Howard, Ins. Life, VI., p. 234. 
 1897. Signiphorina?, Subfamily III., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1\'., \). 
 248. 
 This subftimily was established by Dr. L. O. Howard, in 1894, and was based 
 upon my genus Signiphora, described in 1880, from specimens bred in Florida from 
 the purjile scale, Asjndiotus dtricola Packard. Many species have since been dis- 
 covered from different parts of the world, and the group, although at present rep- 
 resented by a single genus, has evidently a wide distribution. The species destroy 
 scale insects, Chcriihi', and the mealy-winged Hies, AJeurodUhe. 
 
 Antenna; apparently 3-jointed hut in reality (i-joiuted, there being 3 minute ring-joiuts easily overlooked ; 
 wings with a long marginal fringe, the marginal vein long, about the length of the .subcostal vein, the 
 stigmal vein distinct but not long, the po.stmarginal vein ah.scnt ; middle tibia' with a large, lobed 
 apical spur, and with lateral spurs or strong bristles. 
 
 Signiphora Ashmead (type .S'. Jliivojxdliala Ashni.). 
 
 Family LXIX. PTEROMALID.E. 
 1835. Pteromalid!i\ Family (partim). Walker, Ent. Mag., II., j). 'iSf;. 
 18J0. Pteromalides, Subfamily 3 (partim), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Insect, II., 
 
 p. 16G ; Synop., p. G7. 
 1S4G. Spalangiida\ Family 7 (partim). Walker, List. ('hale. Ihit. Mii.seum, I., p. 23. 
 1846. Pteromalidie, Family 8 (partim), Walker, ojhi.s ril.. p. 23. 
 
312 MEMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 1S5G. Ormoceroida^ Family XV. (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., p. 59. 
 1S56. Pteromaioidtc, Familie 10 (partim), Forster, ojms cit., pp. 19, 25 and 63. 
 1875. Pteromalina Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 217. 
 1886. Pteromalince, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 19S. 
 1897. Pteromalidse, Family LXIX., Ashmcad, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 246. 
 
 This is the largest and most difficult family to classify of all of the families of the 
 superfamily Chalcidoidea. It comes nearest to the family Miscogasteridx, and is 
 separated from it by a single character — the tibial spurs of the hind legs. In this 
 family the hind tibiae have one apical spur, in the 3Iiscogasteridw two. 
 
 Six subfamilies have been recognized, and these are again divided into tribes. 
 The subfamilies may be recognized by the aid of the following table: 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 1. Abdomen sessile or subsessile 2 
 
 Abdomen distinctly petiolate 4 
 
 2. Metanotum without spiracular sulci and usually without lateral folds 3 
 
 Metanotum with spiracular sulci, always present, the lateral folds also present although sometimes incom- 
 plete, the median carina usually more or less distinct, rarely absent ; antennae 12 to 13-jointed. 
 
 Subfamily I. Pteeomalin.e. 
 
 3. Head normal, not especially wide ; antenna; 12 to 13-jointed ; scutellum of normal size ; hind angles of 
 
 metanotum rouuded Subfamily II. Merisin^. 
 
 Head very wide, much wider than the thorax, lenticular; antennse 6 to 10-joiuted, inserted near the 
 mouth border ; scutellum large ; hind angles of metauotum acute Subfamily III. Etjnotin^. 
 
 4. Front wings with the marginal vein very long, the costal cell very narrow ; head transverse, convex 
 
 anteriorly 6 
 
 Front w-ings with the marginal vein not especially long, often short and thick, the costal cell rarely nar- 
 row ; if very narrow the head is oblong ; apterous forms not uncommon .5 
 
 5. Head viewed from in front short or rounded, the occipital line incomplete ; anteunje 9 to 13-jointed. 
 
 Subfamily IV. SPHEGIGASTERINyE. 
 
 Head viewed from in front oblong, the occipital line complete ; antenna; 8 to 12-jointed. 
 
 Subfamily V. Spalangiin.s:. 
 
 6. Mesonotum rather long ; head in front convex ; antenna; 13-jointed, the scape long, reaching beyond 
 
 the ocelli Subfamily VI. Diparin^. 
 
 Subfamily I. Pteromalin.t;. 
 1897. Pteromalinsr, Subfamily II., Ashmead, Proc. Ent, Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 
 236. 
 1900. Pteromalinje, Sul)family II., Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXIII., p. 
 248. 
 The srss-ilr, not distinctly petiolate, abdomen separates this group from the Sj>hc- 
 fjlgusfcrina', S/xdangiina; and the DijKuin;!', while the shape of the head, scutellum. 
 
ASITMEAD : CLASSIFlrATION OF TIIF, (ilALCID FIJES 813 
 
 mctatliorax and tlie greater luiiuber of joiiitis in tlie antenna' readily separate it from 
 the Euvofiviv. 
 
 Large subfamilies, I tliink, should be separated into tribes, in order to facilitate 
 quicker the recognition of genera and to show better their aftinilies. 
 
 I have, therefore, recognized />>»*■ tribes, l)ased upon tlie nuinln'r of teeth in the 
 mandibles. 
 
 TABLE OF TKIBES. 
 
 1. Both iiiniidililts nnt :!-<l(iil;\tc 2 
 
 Bolli iii;uHlil)los 3-(ientiite Tril.r I. jrchiponini. 
 
 2. Lofl niaiulible 3-dentate, the right 4-(UMit;itc. 
 
 Antemiaj inserted on or near tho niiddU' <if' the lUcc, always alwvc an imaginary line drawn 
 
 from the base of the eyes Tribe II. Raphitclini. 
 
 Antennae inserted far below the middle of the face, on or btdow an iniasinary line drawn from 
 
 the base of the eyes Trilx' III. Kntclini. 
 
 Both mandibles 4-dentate Tribe IV. Pteronialini. 
 
 Tkihk I. Mvtiiponini. 
 The three dentate mandibles distinguish the tribe. All of the species, so far as 
 the records go, with a single exception, are parasites of coleopterous larvie. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males. ■ 11 
 
 2. Head triangular, narrowed tt.wards the moutli, eyes laige, rounded, convex ; presternum large, me.so- 
 
 sternal furrow distinct ; metathoraeic spiracles rounded, remote from the postscutellum 3 
 
 Head not triangular, viewed from in front, more rounded, very slightly wider than long ; eyes ob- 
 long-oval or oval; presternum not large; mesostcrnal furrow not distinet ; vertex broad; meta- 
 thoraeic spiracles not rounded 5 
 
 3. Vertex not acute medially 4 
 
 Vertex broad, acute medially, the frons impressed. 
 
 Abdomen conieally pointed Etroxys West wood {K. Kccnicus Westw.). 
 
 4. First joint of funiclc larui\ fully twice as long as thick. 
 
 Holcaeus Thomson (type Ktrnxi/n iliehroiii^ Dalm.). 
 First joint «l' funicle small, not or hardly l.\ times as long as thick. 
 
 Cricellius Thomson (type C. drcipims Thoms.). 
 
 T). Club of antennse not white <> 
 
 Club of antennie white or yellowish. 
 
 Metathorax short, with a small siil)glol)ose neck, punctate, the spiracles small, rounded ; liead 
 transverse, wider than the thorax ; antenme inserted near the middle of the face, the flagel- 
 lum subfiliform, the first joint of the funicle tlie largest. 
 
 Chrysoglyphe Ashmead (tyiic C ajiiruHs \s]un.). 
 
 (\. Antenme much thickened toward apex, clavate 10 
 
 Antennie not much thickened toward ai)ex, liliform or at most subclavate 7 
 
314 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 7. Hiiul coxa> not small, the posterior margin at base hairy ; abdomen not rotund 8 
 
 Hind coxa' small, subovate, the i)Osterior margin at base not hairy ; abdomen rotund ; head large, 
 
 wider than the thorax Dirhicnus Thomson (type D. subcaeruleva Thorns.). 
 
 8. AntenniB with three ring-joints 9 
 
 Antennas with two ring-joints. 
 
 Collar not distinctlj' separated ; flagellum filiform, the pedicel obconical, shorter than the first 
 joint of the funicle ; metathorax not short, punctate, with a median carina, the spiracles oval ; 
 abdomen elongate, longer than the thorax . . . .Stinoplus Thom.son (type E. militaris Thorns.). 
 Collar naiTowed medially ; flagellum filiform, the pedicel small, a little longer than thick ; meta- 
 thorax without a median carina, the spiracle oval ; abdomen elongate, pointed toward apex, 
 
 and longer than the head and thorax Spintherus Thomson (type S. obscuriis Thoms.). 
 
 9 I'ronotum as wide as the mesonotum, distinctly separated, and with the anterior margin acute ; meta- 
 thorax short, punctate, with a small globose neck and without a median or transverse carina, the 
 spiracles subreniform ; flagellum subfiliform, hardly thickened towards apex ; abdomen ovate, 
 hardly longer than the thorax ; marginal vein not longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Bruchobius Ashmead, g. nov. (type B. laticeps Ashm.). 
 Pronotum narrower than the mtsonotum, the anterior margin not acute ; metathorax with a subglo- 
 bose neck, punctate, and with usually median and transverse carinse or at least with one or the 
 other present, the spiracles oval or ellipsoidal, not reniform ; flagellum filiform or subfiliform. 
 
 Metanotum with a transverse carina near the base^ the median carina wholly absent ; mar- 
 ginal vein long, a little more than twice the length of the stigmal vein. 
 
 Lophocomodia Ashmead (type L. americana Ashm.). 
 Metanotum with transverse and median carin:e present ; marginal ^ein not long, not or hardly 
 
 longer than the stigmal vein Psilocera Walker. 
 
 = Eupsilocera Westwood = Dichalysis Forster (type P. obscura Walk.). 
 
 10. Flagellum with three ring-joints ; scutellum normal ; metathorax with the median and transverse car- 
 
 inte usually present although sometimes the transverse fold is vaguely defined or absent, the spiracle 
 oval ; abdomen subcomprcsscd beneath toward apex, the hypopygium prominent. 
 
 Metapon Walker (type M. atrum Walker). 
 Flagellum with two ring-joints ; fcutellum hardly elevated and produced into a blunt conical spine 
 posteriorly ; metathorax with median and transverse carinre present, the spiracles large, elongate 
 oval ; abdomen compressed, the hypopygium prominent, plowshare-shaped. 
 
 Acanthometapon Ashmead, g. nov. (type A. clniucornia Ashm.). 
 
 11. Head triangular, narrowed towards the mouth ; eyes large, rounded, or oblong-oval, convex ; prester- 
 
 num large ; mesosternal furrows distinct ; metathoracic spiracles rounded, remote from the post- 
 
 scutellum 12 
 
 Head not triangular, viewed from in front more rounded, usually very slightly wider than long ; eyes 
 oblong-oval or oval ; presternum not large ; mesosternal furrow not distinct ; vertex broad ; meta- 
 thoracic spiracles not rounded 14 
 
 12. Vertex not acute medially 13 
 
 Vertex broad, acute medially ; antennie long, the flagellum filiform, the funicle joints long. 
 
 Etroxys Westwood. 
 1.3. Antennie subclavate ; metathoracic spiracles small, round Holcaeus Thomson. 
 
 Antennaj filiform ; metathoracic .spiracles oval, or not round Cricellius Thomson. 
 
 14. Tip of antennie not white l-'> 
 
 Tip of antennie white Chrysoglyphe Ashmead. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION Ol' TIIR CHALCII) I'LIKS 315 
 
 15. Hind coxiB not small, the hind margin towards base hairy 1<> 
 
 Hind coxaj small, the hind margin not hairy Dirhicnus Tlionison. 
 
 16. Antenna; with two ring-joints 17 
 
 Anteunie with three ring-joints l"^ 
 
 17. Seutellum i)osteriorly highly elevated and produced into a spine Acanthometapon .\sliuieud 
 
 Scutellum normal, not spined. 
 
 Collar not distinctly separated Stinoplus Thomson. 
 
 Collar narrowed medially Spinthenis 'rimnison. 
 
 IS. Pronotum not broad, narrower than the niesonotiun 1'-' 
 
 Pronotum broad, as wide as the mesonotum Bruchobius Aslimead. 
 
 19. Flagellum filiform, the joints cylindrical, those of the I'uniele very biielly pedicellate, liairy but not 
 
 verticillate -'0 
 
 Flagellum filiform, the joints of the funicle uodose-verticillatc. 
 
 Metanotum without a median carina; marginal vein mure than twice the length of the stignial 
 
 vein. Lophocomodia Ashmead. 
 
 Metanotum with a median caiina ; marginal vein not or only a little longer than the stigmal 
 vein Psilocera Walker. 
 
 20. Metathorax with the median and transverse cariu;e usually present, the spiracles oval. 
 
 Metapon Walker. 
 
 Tkii!E II. Rhaphitclini. 
 In this tribe the left mandil)le is ;3-dentate, the riglit 4-tlentate, as in the triljc 
 Eiifelhd, from which it is, however, easily distinguished by the insertion of the an- 
 tenna} ; these are inserted on or near the middle of the face, and not low down, near 
 the mouth border, as in the Eutelini. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 14 
 
 2. Front femora considerably swollen -5 
 
 Front femora normal. 
 
 3. Metathorax with a median carina and witli the lateral folds complete, rarely abbreviated, the spiracles 
 
 small, rounded or broadly o\al, and lying close to tlie postscutellar fold. 
 
 Marginal vein in front wings thickened •! 
 
 Marginal vein in front wings normal, slender 7 
 
 4. Anlcnme with ring-joints small, transvert^e or annulai- 5 
 
 Antenna' with the ring-joints lart/e, not tian^vdse. 
 
 Front eox:e cylindrical ; knob of stigmal cluli ob.solcte Pandelus Forster 
 
 (type Cteoni/mus Jim ij)e>< F«irst.). 
 
 5. Slelanotum with folds and a median carina 
 
 Metanotum smooth, without folds. 
 
 Stigmal and postmarginal veins short ; abdomen conic-ovate, keeled beneath ; last joint of an- 
 
 tenn;e normal JVIetacolus F.lrster (type M. tinifasciatus Foi-st.). 
 
 0. Stigmal vein longer than the marginal ; la.st joint of tlie antenna- stylale ; abdomen ovate, depressed, 
 not keeled beneath Rhaphiteles Walker (type A'. macuUitus Walk.). 
 
316 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEfJIE MUSEUM 
 
 7. Stigmal club, or knob, small ; front margin of proiiotum rounded ; nietanotiim with a median caiina. 
 
 the lateral folds usually wanting or iiicomj)lete 8 
 
 Stigmal club very large ; front margin of pronotum shar]) ; metanotum with the latei-al folds usually 
 
 complete Dinotus F6rster (type D. bidentulug Fcirst.). 
 
 8 Marginal vein at least thrice as long as the stigmal vein ; clypeus anteriorly bidentate ; nietathorax 
 
 impunctate, with a median carina Rhopalicus Forster (type Cleonymus maculifer Forst.)- 
 
 9. Clypeus at apex unarmed, either truncate, sinuate or incised 10 
 
 Clypeus at apex armed with a median tooth. 
 
 Thorax long, the proiioluni with the front niaigin acute, laterally dilated, the metathorax with 
 short folds Stenomalus Thomson (type .S". crasaicornis Thorns.). 
 
 10. Stigmal vein ending in a small or median sized knol> or tlul> 11 
 
 Stigmal vein ending in a large knob or club. 
 
 Metathorax short and usually with a transverse carina ; clypeus incised at apex medially ; 
 
 mcsepi.sternum extending tq the coxa; Cecidostiba Thomson (type C. rugifrons Thoms.). 
 
 Metathorax not short, usually with a, fold and often also with a transverse carina ; head and 
 
 thorax usually with rigid pubescence Csenacis Thomson (type C. grandidava Thunis,). 
 
 11. First joint of the Hagellum always longer than the pedicel, or of an equal length. 12 
 
 First joint of the flagellum always shorter than the pedicel 13 
 
 12. Pronotum broad, the upper front margin rounded; scutellum with a ci-oss-furrow before apex; 
 
 abdomen conic-ovate, the second segment usually the largest, the third very short, segments 4-7 
 more than twice longer than the third, subequal, or very slightly increasing in length ; marginal vein 
 usually a little thicker at base than at apex..Hal)rocytus Thomson (type Pleromalus albipennis Walk.). 
 
 13. Pedicel as long as the ring-joints and the first two joints of the funicle united ; metathorax produced 
 
 into a subglobose neck, the lateral folds distinct, the spiracles large, subreniform ; abdomen ovate. 
 Mormoniella Aslimead, g. nov. (type M. brcvicornis Asian.). 
 
 14. Front femora considerably swollen 15 
 
 Front femora normal., 20 
 
 15. Marginal vein in fj-ont wings t!iicL-i iicd IG 
 
 Marginal vein in front wings slender 18 
 
 16. Antennfe with the ring-joints small, annular 17 
 
 Antenna; with the ring-joints large, not annular Pandelus Forster. 
 
 17. Metanotum smooth, without folds ; stigmal and postmarginal veins short Metacolus Forster. 
 
 Metanotum with folds and a median carina ; stigmal vein longer than the marginal. 
 
 Rhaphiteles Walker. 
 
 IS. Stigmal club or knob small 19 
 
 Stigmal dub very large ; front margin of pronotum acute Dinotus Forster. 
 
 19. Marginal vein very lung ; clyi>eus anteriorly bidentate Rhopalicus Forster. 
 
 20. Clypeus atapex unarmed, truncate, sinuate or incised 21 
 
 Clypeus at apex armed with a median tooth ^tenomalus Tlumison. 
 
 21. Stigmal vein ending in a large knob. 22 
 
 Stigmal vein ending in a small or moderate sized club 23 
 
 22. Clypeus at apex incised medially ; metathorax short and usually u ith a transverse carina. 
 
 Cecidostiba Thomson. 
 
 Clypeus not incised ; nietathorax not short, usually with a fold and often also witli a transverse carina ; 
 
 head and thorax usually with ligid bristles Caenacis Thomson. 
 
Asinn:Ai) : classification ok tiif, chalcid fi. 
 
 317 
 
 23. Pronotum broad, the fiout niai-itiii acute ; metuthoracic spiiacles oval or obloiij; ; lirst joint of the 
 
 fuiiielc always longer than the pedicel Habrocytus Thomson. 
 
 Pronotum not broad, the front marj^iii not acute ; first joint of the funicle m\i(li shorter than the jiedi- 
 cel Mormoniella Ashnnad. 
 
 Trii5k 111. EntcHiti. 
 In its niaiidiliular clKii'uctcrs litis Irilju agrees with tlu; llJidphitclhii, uiul is easily 
 confused with the latter ; hut the aiileniiie are inserted dillerently, always low down 
 on the face, usually close to the clyj)eu.s, on or hdow an imaginary line drawn from 
 the base of the eyes. 
 
 The species falling in this group diller also in habits since they attack diptertnis 
 gall-makers, ('cciiJouii/cidu; etc. 
 
 TABLK OF (lEXKRA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 7 
 
 2. Metathorax wilh distinct lateral folds 3 
 
 Metathorax without lateral folds. 
 
 Marginal vein not or only a little lonf;er than the stigmal vein ; nutathorax long ; fust joint of 
 the fiagellum short. 
 
 AnteuniB inserted on an imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes ; abdomen not 
 compres.sed, the ventral valve normal. Amblymerus Walker (type A. dubius Walk.). 
 Antennffi inserted just above the clypeus, below such an imaginary line ; abdomen com- 
 pressed, the ventral valve prominent Psilonotus Walker (type /'. adamas Walk.). 
 
 3. Thorax short ; head with a rather narrow vertex, the ocelli arranged in a very short obtuse angle . . 4 
 Thorax long ; head with a broad vertex ; ocelli large, in a triangle ; pronotum wilh the front margin 
 
 acute ''' 
 
 4. Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein Eutelus Walker (type E. i-H/yar/x Walk.). 
 
 Marginal vein not nearly twice as long as the ttigmal vein. 
 
 Platymesopus Westwood (type /'. tibialis Westw.). 
 
 5. Abdomen ovate, shorter than the thorax li 
 
 Abdomen long, conieally produced, triangularly compressed or carinate beneath. 
 
 Marginal vein hardly twice as long as the stigmal vein. 
 
 Platyterma Walker (type /'. xobilc Walk.). 
 Marginal vein nearly thrice as long as the stigmal vein. 
 
 Mesopolobus Westwood (type ^f. fanciireiitrix Westw.). 
 G. Marginal vein hardly longer than the stigmal vein ; antenuic rather short, the flagellum subclavate, 
 the pedicel long, obconical, the funicle joints wider than long ; metathorax not short, wilh a me- 
 dian carina, the spiracles oval Nasonia Ashmead, g. nov. (tyi)e N. brciicornis Ashm.). 
 
 7. Thorax short ; head with rather a narrow vertex ; ocelli arranged in a very obtuse angle S 
 
 Thorax long ; head with a bioad vei-tex ; ocelli large, arranged in a triangle !> 
 
 8. Marginal vein about twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibiie normal .Eutelus \\'iilker. 
 
 Marginal vein not nearly twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibiie broadly dilated. 
 
 Platymesopus Westwood. 
 
318 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 9. MaigiiKil vuiri short, liurJly longer than the stigmal vein 10 
 
 Marginal vein from abjut twice to thrice as long as the stigmal vein. 
 
 Marginal vein ab3ut twice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibiie normal. 
 
 Platytenna Walker. 
 Blarginal vein nearly thrice as long as the stigmal vein ; middle tibiie with a small hir.sute lobe 
 
 outwardly near the tip Mesopolopus Westwuod. 
 
 10. Metatlioraeic spiracles oval Nasonia Ashwuod. 
 
 TiMin-: IV'. rtcroinalini. 
 
 To this tri!>o belong all species having both rnaudiltlus -l-deutate. It is a large 
 tribe, with many genera and species, and some are of world-wide distribution. 
 
 Pic romalm pupunimlj. is the commonest and best known of all Thalcidoids, and 
 is found in every hemisphere ; it attacks various lejiidopterous insects, Picris rapsc, 
 the cabbage butterfly, Ijeing especially subject to its attacks. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 30 
 
 2. Occipital foraminal depression immargined 8 
 
 Occipital foraminal depression margined or rimmed. 
 
 Metathorax produced into a subglobose neck at apex, the median carina and lateral folds 
 usually present. 
 
 Antennffi with 3 ring-joints 3 
 
 Autennse with 2 ring-joints 4 
 
 3. Abdomen with the second segment large, the last segment produced into a long, slender, compressed 
 
 stylus resembling an ovipositor. 
 
 Metathorax produced into a subglobose neck, punclate and tricarinate, the spiracles small, ob- 
 long ; metopleural ridge fringed with white hairs. 
 
 Belonura Ashmead (type B. singularis Ashm.). 
 
 4. Eyes hairy ; antenna^ clavate, incras.sate 5 
 
 Eyes bare ; antennaj filiform or subclavate 7 
 
 5. Abdomen ovate or rotund, the second segment small or never occupying more than half the whole 
 
 surftice C 
 
 Abdomen ovate, the second segment very large, occupying most of the surface, the third very 
 
 small.. Isocyrtus Walker (type J. Ixlus Walk. ? = breviventris Walk.). 
 
 G. Abdoman ovate, the second segment occupying at most not more than half the surface, the third not 
 small, two or more times longer than the fourth ; tibiie with rigid bristles; wings sometimes macu- 
 late, the postmarginal vein always longer than the stigmal. 
 
 TJrolepis Walker = Halizoa Forster (type Ormocerus marilimus Walk.). 
 Abdomen rotund ; wings immaculate, the postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal, usually 
 
 somewhat shoi-ter Trichoglenes Thomson (type Picromalus complanatm Ratz.). 
 
 7. Abdomen ovate, the second segment occupying not more than one tliiid the surface, the sides more or 
 less fimbriate ; fuuicle joints 4-6 a little wider than long, the club subulate. 
 
 Trichomalus Thomson (type T. piim-li nucha Thorns.). 
 
ASIIMKAD : CLASSIFICATIOX OF TIIK niAr.CII) KLIKS olO 
 
 8. Metathorax pioduood at ajiox into a 'subglubosc neck; poslmargiiuil vein always longer tlian the 
 
 stignial <) 
 
 Metathorax not produeed into a subglobose neck at apex, rarely with a small neck ; postmarginal 
 vein vei-y rarely longer than the stignial, most freqnently shorter, or of an e(iual length 21 
 
 9. redicel always distinctly longer than the first funide joint, more rarely of an eciual length ; the first 
 
 joint of funicle usually the shortest of the fvinicle joints : nietatlioracic spiracles small, round, oval, 
 
 long oval or elliptical 10 
 
 Pedicel usually shorter than the first joint of the funide, never longer ; the first joint of the funicle 
 usually the longest of the funicle joints : mctatluiracic spiracles large, oblong-oval or elliptical. 18 
 
 10. AntenniB with two ring-joints 11 
 
 AntennjE with three ring-joints 17 
 
 11. Metathoracic spiracles oblong-oval, the lateral folds and tlie median carina iircscnt 12 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles not oblong-oval 1 ;i 
 
 12. Abdomen conic-ovate, the third and fourth segments subequal, united as long as the second, the fifth 
 
 hardly as long as the fourth or sixth ; flagellum subclavate, the joints of the funicle gradually de- 
 creasing in length, not transverse ; head wide, the temples oblique but rather broad. 
 
 Polyscelis Dalla Torre (type Ptcromalits conspersus Walk.). 
 Abdomen ovate, pointed at apex. depres.sed above, keeled beneath : antenna' clavate. 
 
 Paphagus Walker (type I', sidit Walk.), 
 l.^. ^Metathorax with the lateial folds and usually the median carina present ; abdomen ovate, beneath boat- 
 shaped or cariiiate : llagelluni clavate or subclavate, the club large, thicker than the funicle. 
 
 Meraporus Walker (type M. graminicola Walk.). 
 Metathorax with the lateral folds complete, the median carina absent; abdomen short oval, convex 
 beneath : flagellum filiform or nearly, not or only slightly thickened towards apex, the joints trans- 
 verse, the club subulate ; head transverse, the vertex subacute, the temples fiat and very narrow. 
 
 Endomychobius .\shmead (type E. flanpea Ashm.). 
 
 15. Metathoracic spiracles oval K! 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles small, rounded. 
 
 Mctauotum without a median carina ; abdomen conic-ovate, beneath subconvex, the second seg- 
 ment occupying about one third the whole surface, segments 3-6 subequal, the 7th the long- 
 est, the 8lh conical : flagellum filiform, or at the most subclavate ; marginal vein long, slightly 
 thickened Scymnophagus Ashmead, g. nov. (type <S'. tmvnacndi Ashm.). 
 
 16. Metathoiax veiy short, smooth, impunctate, with a median carina; scutellum convexly rounded ; ab- 
 
 domen short, ovate, not longer than the thorax, boat-shape beneath, the second segment occupying 
 one third the surface, the following short, subequal. 
 
 Epipteromalus Ashmead, g. nov. (type E. algonquinenxh Ashm). 
 
 17. First two ring-joints minute, cciual, smaller than the third ; funide joints wider than long ; metathorax 
 
 not short, the lateral folds incomplete, the spiracles oval ; abdomen ovate, as long as the head and 
 thorax united. 
 
 18. Abdomen ovate, not longer than the head and thorax united, usually a little shorter, the apical mar- 
 
 gins of the segments straight, not incised or emarginate 1!) 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate, often carinate beneath, and usually a little longer than the head and thorax 
 united, the .second .sepnent the longest, the third usually the shortest, both .sometimes, but not always, 
 with a slight incision or eniargination at apical middle ; segments 4-6 most frequently increasing in 
 length, the eighth conical ; sometimes segments 2-.") are subequal 20 
 
320 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 19. Second abdominal segment about twice as long as the third or a little longer, segments 3-5 subequal, 
 
 6 and? longer; venter subconvex or convex. Pteromalus Swedenis (type Ichneumon puparum Linue). 
 
 Second abdominal segment about three times as long as the third, segments 4 and 5 united not longer 
 
 than the third, those beyond variable, sube(iual in length ; venter usually strongly compressed or 
 
 keeled Hypopteromalus Ashraead, g. nov. (type Pteromalus tabacum Fitch). 
 
 20 . Marginal vein longer than the .stigmal ; metathoracic spiracles usually oblong-oval, clo.se to the post- 
 scutellar fold ; funicle joints longer than thick, usually about twice as long as thick or nearly ; abdo- 
 men not strongly carinate beneath towards base. . . .Catolaccus Thomson (type C. cavigena Thoms.). 
 Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal ; metathoracic spiracles small, short oval or sub- 
 rotund ; funicle joints very little longer than thick ; abdomen strongly carinate beneath towards 
 base (■?) Norbanus Walker (type A', dysaxdm Walk.). 
 
 21. Postmarginal vein longer than the .stigmal vein, but rarely a great deal longer 22 
 
 Postmarginal vein s/iorfer than the stigmal vein, or of an equal length ; pedicel small, usually much 
 
 shorter than the first joint of the funicle ; in a single case only is it much longer 27 
 
 22. Antennae with three ring-joints. 23 
 
 Antennae with two ring-joints 24 
 
 23. Metanotum very short, with a median carina and lateral folds, the latter intersected by a transverse 
 
 carina or fold that extends on each side from the median carina ; spiracles large, oblong ; abdomen 
 
 conic-ovate and somewhat produced at aptx Neocatolaccus Ashmead. 
 
 (type Catolaccus tylodermx Ashm.). 
 
 24. Pedicel shorter than the lirst joint of the funicle 25 
 
 Pedicel longer than the first joint of the funicle 26 
 
 25. Metanotum with a median carina and lateral folds, the spiracles usually large, long oval or linear ; 
 
 abdomen conic-ovate, keeled beneath; postmarginal vein not or only a little longer than the stigmal. 
 
 Metapachia Westwood (type M. dispar Westw.). 
 
 Metanotum with a median carina, the lateral folds wanting, the spiracles oval, not large ; abdomen 
 
 ovate, subcompressed beneath ; postmarginal vein very long . . . Parapteromalus Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type P. Isosomatis Ashm.). 
 2G. Metanotum usually with a distinct median carina, the lateral folds incomplete, indicated toward the 
 base, the spiracles oval or ellijitic. 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate Hypopteromalus Ashmead (type P. tabacum Fitch). 
 
 Abdomen rotund Diglochis Forster (type Pteromalus omnivorus Walk.). 
 
 27. Head wide, but the temples and clieeks rounded, not especially broad ; pedicel shorter than the firet 
 
 joint of the funicle 28 
 
 Head large, broad, the temples and the cheeks broad, acute ; pedicel long, much longer than the first 
 joint of the funicle. 
 
 Antennae inserted just above the clypeus ; abdomen rotund, wider than the thorax, rarely ovate. 
 Coelopisthia Forster (type Pteromalus ccphalotes Walk.). 
 
 28. Antennae inserted on or very near the middle of the face, never far below the middle 29 
 
 Antennfe inserted far below the middle of the face. 
 
 Metathorax not very short ; abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, usually convex beneath. 
 
 Dibrachys Forster (type Pteromalus bovcheanus Ratz.). 
 
 29. Abdomen conic-ovate, not much produced beneath, if at all Arthrolytus Thomson. 
 
 (type A. ])unctatus Thoms.). 
 Abdomen conic-ovate, but beneath towards base, acutely triangularly produced. 
 
 Metapachia Westw. (partim). 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCIU FLIES 321 
 
 30. Occipital foramiual depression distinctly margined or rimmed 31 
 
 Occipital foraminal depression simjile, immargined 37 
 
 31. Metathorax at apex produced into a subgIobo.se neck, the median carina and the lateral folds usually 
 
 present. 
 
 Antenna^ with tiro ring-joints 32 
 
 Antenmc with three ring-Joints. Belonura Ashinead. 
 
 32. Eyes hairy 33 
 
 Eyes bare, not hairy 30 
 
 33. Postmarginal vein longer than the stigraal 34 
 
 Postmarginal vein not longer than the stigmal, usually a little shorter 35 
 
 34. Second abdominal segment very large Isocjrrtus Walker. 
 
 Second abdominal segment normal ; flagellum subclavate, pubescent, the joints transverse or cjuadrate. 
 
 Urolepis Walker. 
 
 35. Flajielluui suliclavate or clavate, clothed with a short pubescence, (he joints usualjy much wider than 
 
 long ; til)ia' with rigid bristles ; abdomen rotund, the second segment nut esjiecially large. 
 
 Trichoglenes Thomson. 
 
 30. Antenn;e filiform, pubescent ; funicle joints 4 to usually a little wider than long or not longer than 
 
 wide Trichomalus Thomson. 
 
 37. Metathorax at apex usually produced into a subgloboise neck ; postmarginal vein always longer than 
 
 the stigmal 38 
 
 Metathorax at apex normal ; postmarginal vein rarely longer than the stigmal, most fre(inently shorter 
 or of an ecpial length 4(i 
 
 38. Legs normal, the middle tibia> not dilated 3!) 
 
 Legs abnormal, the middle tibi;c dilated toward tips ; antenna' with the joints alternately white and 
 
 brown ' Polyscelis Thomst)n. 
 
 39. Pedicel long, always longer than the first joint of the funicle 40 
 
 Pedicel shmt, never longer than the first joint of the funicle. usually much shorter, (he first joint of the 
 
 funicle the longest of the funicle joints 41 
 
 40. Mctathoracic spiracles small, elliptic ; abdomen short oval, ilepresscd ; llagellum filiform, pilose, the 
 
 joints cup-shaped, transverse Endomychobius .\shnuad. 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles oval ; abdomen boMt-sliaped ; fiagellum sublilil'orm or subclavate, pubes- 
 cent, the club always longer and ."^tduti r than the ptdicel Meraporus AValker. 
 
 41. Antenme with two ring-joints 42 
 
 AntenniB with three ring-joints? 
 
 42. Metathoracic spiracles small, rounded 43 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles not small, roumh-d 44 
 
 43. Antenna; subclavate, pubescent ; abdonuii oblong-oval, fiat, Ix-neath at the most convex. 
 
 Scymnophagus .Vshmead. 
 
 44. Jlctathoracic spiracles h)ng oval or olilong, more rarely sulireuiform or linear 45 
 
 Metathoracic .spiracles smaller, oval or broadly ii\:il. 
 
 Metanotum very short, smooth, impunetate with a Mu<lian cariua.. .. .Epipteromalus Ashmcad. 
 
 45. Metathoracic spiracles long-oval or oblong. 
 
 Abdomen oblong-oval, dorstil segments 3-5 unequal, gradually increasing in length, united a little 
 longer than the .second ; fiagellum filiform, pubescent, the joints of the funicle about twice as 
 long as thick or longer Pteromalus Swcilerus. 
 
322 MEMOIRS OP THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Metathorafk- spiracles oblong, linear or subreniform. 
 
 Abdomen oblong, at least 21 times as long as wide, dorsal sojinients 8-6 subequal ; flaf;elliim 
 
 filiform, the joints of the funicle longer than thick Catolaccus Thomson. 
 
 40. Postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal 47 
 
 Postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal or no longer 4I( 
 
 47. Antenme with two ring-joints 48 
 
 Antennte with three ring-joints. 
 
 Metathorax short with a median carina and lateral i'olds, the latter inter.sectcd by a transverse 
 eaiina which extends from the short median carina ; the spiracles large, oblong. 
 
 Neocatolaccus Ash mead. 
 
 48. Metathorax with a di.stinct median carina, the lateral folds incomplete, the spiracles usually oval ; head 
 
 large, broad, the vertex broad DiglocMs Fiirster. 
 
 Metathorax without a median carina, tlie latei'al folds absent, the spiracles oval oi- ovate, not 
 large ;. head trausverse, not large, the temples flat Parapteromalus Ashmcad. 
 
 49. Antennaj inserted on or near the middle of the face, or far above the clypeus 50 
 
 Antenna; inserted far below the middle of the face or just above the clypeus. 
 
 Head large, broad, the temples broad,. acute ; metathorax short, the lateral I'olds absent ; abdo- 
 men very short, rounded, depressed .CcElopistliia Forster. 
 
 Head large, broad, but the temples rounded, not acute ; metathorax not very short, the lateral 
 folds complete ; abdomen oblong-oval, depressed Dibrachys Forster. 
 
 50. Antennas subclavate, pubescent, the club much stouter than the funicle, the pe<licel much longer than 
 
 the first joint of the funicle Metapachia We.stwood. 
 
 Antennas filiform, pubescent or pilose, the pedicel much shorter than the first joint of the funicle; 
 funicle joints 1-4 distinctly longer than thick Arthrolytus Thomson. 
 
 Subfamily II. Merisin.e. 
 
 The absence of the spiracular sulci, an important character, alone distinguishes 
 this tribe ; otherwise it closely resembles the subfamily Pteromalime, its relationship 
 being quite close through the tribe Eutelmi, with the gall-inhabiting species in the 
 tribe Merisini. 
 
 I have recognized three tribes ; the first being parasites of Coleoptera, the second 
 of Diptera, while tlie third attack Rhynchota belonging to the homopterous fam- 
 ilies AphUlidx, Aleaivdidic and Guccidx. 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 1 . Metanotum without a trace of a median carina - 
 
 Mctanotum with the median carina more or less distinct or at least indicated basally ; mesonotum with 
 
 incomplete fiirrows • Tribe I. Kojitroccrini. 
 
 2. Mesonotum with incomplete furrows Tribe II. Merisini. 
 
 Mesonotum with complete furrows Tribe III. Isoplatini. 
 
 TiunE I. Ropfrocerini. 
 This tribe is distinguished by the metanotum, which always has a more or less 
 distinct median carina ; or at least it is never wholly absent as in the 3Ierisini and 
 the Isojildti'ni. 
 
;mim1 vc 
 
 ;ii or even loii<;cr ; 
 S 
 
 1 4 
 
 - ocelli 
 
 ; fuiiicle joints 2-fi 
 
 ASHMEAD: ri,ASSIFI('ATION OF TIIK CUALCW) I'l.IKS 323 
 
 TABLE OF (JENKKA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 5 
 
 2. Ovipositor strongly cxserted ; niar};inal vein about twice as lonj; as t 
 
 antenna; with two ring-joints 
 
 Ovipositor not cxsertefl, at the most with only the tip of the sheaths exposed. 
 
 3. Antenn.'D 13-jointed, inserted just above the elypeus ; scape not attaining the 
 
 transverse, the club not stout, rounded at tip Anogmus Fiirster (type A. strohiloriim Thoms). 
 
 Antcnnic 13-jointed, inserted on the middle of the face or nearly, the flagellum stout, subdavate ; funicle 
 joints 3-6 stout, transverse, the club very stout, oblong Roptrocerus Hatzeburg. 
 
 (type 1!. iijhiphagdriim Katz). 
 
 4. Antenna' with tiro ring-joints ; abdomen conic-ovate, pointed at tiji. 
 
 Abdomen longer than head and thorax united, carinatc beneath, the tliiid segment the shortest, 
 segments 4 and 5 increasing in lenglh, the sixth a little shorter tlian the fifth, seventh and 
 eighth subequal, about as long as the fourth, the eighth conical with the spiracles distinct ; 
 sheaths of ovipositor slightly projecting .Uriella Aslimead (type TJ. rufipes Ashm.)- 
 
 Abdomen, as seen from above, conic-ovate, benealli compressed and strongly, triangidarly cari- 
 natc, as long as the thorax, segments 2-4 about equal, united not longer than t)ie first, meta- 
 thorax very short, smooth, but with a median carina, the spiracles rounded. 
 
 Tropidogastra Ashmead, g. nov. (type T. arizoncmis Ashm.). 
 
 5. Antenna; 13-jointed, with two ring-joints, inserted on or near the middle of the face 6 
 
 Antennic 13-jointed, with Iwo ring-joints, inserted just above the elypeus Anogmus Forster. 
 
 6. Metathoracic spiracles small, rounded; flagelUim long, filiform ; alidonun oblong-oval, fully as long as 
 
 the thorax ; marginal vein slender, longer than the stigmal vein Roptrocerus Kat/.eburg. 
 
 Metathoracic spiracles large, oval ; flagellum .shorter, subclavatc ; abdomen oblong-oval, a little longer 
 than the thorax, subcarinate beneath towards ba.sc ; marginal vein stout and not longer than the stig- 
 mal vein with its knob Ur'ella Ashmead. 
 
 Tjmp.k II. Muishn. 
 This tfilx; is ;xt oiici! .separated from the /■■<()jil(i/liii hy hivviiig inciiiiiiiltlc, never 
 coinplete, iiie.sonotal furruw.s, thi; furrows ;it the most lieiiig indicated only 
 anteriorly. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 5 
 
 2. Metathorax not terminating in a subglobose neck 3 
 
 Metathorax terminating in a .subglobose neck. 
 
 First joint of the funicle short, much shorter than the pedicel ; abdomen snbovate or sulirotnnd. 
 the second segment (first body) occupying fully one half or more of the whole surface. 
 
 Micromelus Walker (type ^r. rufomnciildlns Walk.). 
 
 3. Marginal vein not or hardly longer than the stigmal vein, tiic front wings often witli a submarginal or 
 
 discoidal cloud 4 
 
 Marginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the front wings without a submargiTial or ilis- 
 coidal cloud. 
 
 Abdomen longer than the thorax and ending in a short or subexserted ovijiositor. 
 
 Phaenacra Filister. 
 
324 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Abdomen ovate, not longer than the thorax, the ovipositor not exsei-tcd, the second segment 
 (first body) occupying about one fourtli tlie wliole surface, the third segment small. 
 
 Merisus Walker (type M. splendidtis Walk.). 
 
 4. Abdomen ovate, the dorsum usually Hat, the second segment not occupying one fourth the whole sur- 
 
 face, segments 3-6 subequal Homoporus Thomson (type Pleromalus fuMvenh-ia Walk.). 
 
 5. Metathorax not ending in a subglobosc neck 6 
 
 Metathorax ending in a subglobose neck. 
 
 Abdomen subrotund or short ovate, the second segment large, occupying one lialf or more of 
 the whole surface ; antennse filiform, clothed with a short, fine pubescence. 
 
 Micromelus Walker. 
 
 6. Marginal vein always distinctly longer than the stigmal vein 7 
 
 Marginal vein riot or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein 8 
 
 7. AntenuiT? at apex stylate ; abdomen oval, depressed Pliaenacra Forster. 
 
 Antenna; at apex normal ; abdomen oblong, narrowed, the second segment not quite as long as the 
 
 three following united, which are short and subequal, the fourth very slightly the longest ; antenna; 
 filiform, rather densely pubescent Merisus Walker. 
 
 8. Abdomen short, spatulate, the second .segment as long as or a little longer than the three following 
 
 united, which are very short, the third the longe.st ; antennre filiform, densely pubescent. 
 
 Homoporus Thomson. 
 
 Tribe III. Isoplatini. 
 In this trilie tlie mesonotal farrows are always di.stinct, complete, while the an- 
 tennae are usually inserted far anteriorlj' near the mouth border. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 5 
 
 2. Non-metallic ; mandibles variable, sometimes edentate 3 
 
 Metallic ; mandibles dentate. 
 
 Abdomen compressed, the ventral valve prominent ; stigmal vein as long as the marginal, end- 
 ing in a small knob Isoplata Forster (type I. geniculata Forst). 
 
 3. Mandibles acute, edentate -i 
 
 Mandibles broad, dentate. 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate ; antennte short, strongly clavate, inserted near the mouth border, the 
 pedicel large ; stigmal vein as long as the marginal, clavate. 
 
 CcElocyba Ashmead (type C. nigrocincla Ashm.). 
 
 4. Abdomen .short, globose, depressed above ; marginal vein not or scarcely longer than the stigmal vein ; 
 
 metathorax very short. 
 
 Stigmal vein ending in a small knob ; abdomen with the first dorsal segment elongate, occupy- 
 ing half or more of the whole surface Terobiella A.shmcad (type T. flavifrons Ashm.). 
 
 Stigmal vein ending in a moderately large knob ; abdomen with the dorsal segments short. 
 
 Brachyscelidipliaga Ashmead (type B. flava A.shm.). 
 
 .5. Non-metallic ; mandibles acute or broad, dentate (i 
 
 Metallic ; mandibles dentate Isoplata Forster. 
 
 G. Mandibles acute, edentate 7 
 
 Mandibles broad, dentate. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATTON OF THE CHALCID FLIES 825 
 
 Antenna^ short, clavute. inseitcd close to the moutli honlor ; stiirnial vi'iii kiiij;, clavatc. 
 
 CcElocyba Aslmuail. 
 
 7. Stigmal vein ending' in a small knob Terobiella Aslnneail. 
 
 Stignial vein ending in a moderately large knoh Brachyscelidiphaga Ashmcad. 
 
 Subfamily III. Eunoti.x.f,. 
 1863. Muscidide-s Motschulsky, Bull. Soe. Imp. Nat., XXX\'I, 1863 (2), p. 61). 
 1872. Family? Walker, Notes on ('hale., VI., p. 10(1. 
 1898. MuscideinEC, Subflim. dubia, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Y , p. 87. 
 
 This small subfamily comprises a numl)er of" genera, all evidently of tropical 
 origin, and all parasites of the rhynchotous fiimiiy Coccidir. 
 
 The first genus to be described was Ennotns Walker, in 1834. It was latei- 
 named Tritijphus by Ratzeburg, and again rechristened Mccjapdte by Forster. 
 
 In 1863 Motschulsky described, briefly, poorly, and sometimes inaccurately, 
 several new genera from ( 'ejdon, wliicli lielong here, and proposed for the group the 
 name Musddides, stating that " lis se distinguent des Pteromalides par leur forme 
 plus raccourcie et plus large, qui rappelle celle des Chalcidides et par leur mesono- 
 tum, qui prend quelquefois une telle extensione, qu'il recouvre tout ral)domen, 
 comme ches les Scutellaires parmi Hemipteres, ce qui ftxit replier les ailes horison- 
 talement sous ce mesonotum d'une maniere analogue. Les ailes sont pubescent 
 comme chez les Pteromalides.'' 
 
 The genus Eunotns Walker, was described twenty years Ijefore Muscidea Mot- 
 schulsky, and I prefer to call the group EunotinR', after the first described genus, 
 in accordance with the rules of zoological nomenclature, rather than the Mascideimv, 
 the term Musddides not being tenable. 
 
 Cephaleta Motschulsky, if I have identified it correctly, belongs here, l)ut Mot- 
 schulsky correlated with it a male insect with branched antennae, which, from the 
 descrijition and the poor figure, I think is a Eulophid, and probalily identical with 
 Pfj?i<acZacZiu Westwood, described in 1835. 
 
 TABI.K OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 12 
 
 2. Scutellum large, but not extending beyond the ba.se of the abdomen 3 
 
 Scutellum abnormally large, extending over mo.st of tlie abdomen. 
 
 Head very wide, lenticular, wider than the thorax ; antennse 8 or 9-jointed, the flagellum cla- 
 vate Scutellista Motschulsky (type S. cyanea Motsch.). 
 
 3. Second dorsal abdominal segment much shorter, at the most occupying only a little more than half the 
 
 whole surface of the abdomen 5 
 
326 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Second dorsal alxlominal segment long, occupying nearly the whole sui-face of the abdomen ; eyes 
 pubescent. 
 
 Antenna? 9-jointed ; scutclhim twice the lengtli of the mesonotuni. 
 
 Euargopelte Foist er (type E. obscura Foist.). 
 Antenn.'e 10-jointed ; scutellum not twice the length of the mesonotum. 
 
 Eunotus Walker (type E. crelaceus Walk.). 
 
 5. Postmarginal vein rather short, not longer than the stigmal vein, sometimes shorter fi 
 
 Postmarginal vein not short, always longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 AntennjB 9-jointed or less S 
 
 Antennae 10-jointed, the joints large, depressed, and narrowed toward apex ; body greenish 
 metallic, punctate Mnoonema Motschulsky (type M. timiila Motsch.). 
 
 6. Antenna} 7-jointed or less V 
 
 Antennpc 8-jointed, clavate, funicle joints 2-4 transverse. 
 
 Muscidea Motschulsky (type 31. puhescens Motsch.). 
 
 7. Antennre 7-jointed, subclavate, the last joint large, oval, joints 2-4 not transverse. 
 
 Cardiogaster Motschulsky (type C. fuscivenlris Motsch.). 
 
 Antennfe fi-joiuted, filiform, depressed, joints .3-5 nearly equal, the sixth a little longer, acuminate at 
 
 apex Solenoderus Motschulsky (type S. cyanircniris Motsch.). 
 
 8. Antennfe 9-jointed, or less 9 
 
 Antenuffi 10-jointed Anysis Howard (typo H. anstraliensis How.). 
 
 9. Antennae 8-jointed or less 10 
 
 Antennfe 9-jointed ? genus. 
 
 10. Antennfe 7-jointed H 
 
 Antennfe 8-jointed Eurycranium Ashmead * (type E. alcock-i Ashm.). 
 
 11. Antenna} 7-jointed Cephaleta Motschulsky (type C. purpiirivetitris Motsch.). 
 
 12. Scutellum not extending beyond the base of the abdomen 13 
 
 Scutellum abnormally large, covering most of the abdomen ScuteUista Motschulsky. 
 
 13. Abdomen with the second dorsal segment shorter, not nearly occupying the whole of the surface. . 14 
 Abdomen with the second segment large, occupying nearly the whole surface ; eyes pubescent. 
 
 Antennffi 10-jointed Eunotus Walker. 
 
 Antenna; 9-jointed Euargopelte Forster. 
 
 14. Postmarginal vein well developed, always longer than the stigmal 15 
 
 Postmarginal vein not well developed, not longer than the stignial, sometimes shorter 17 
 
 15. Antennae 9-jointed or less Ifi 
 
 Antenna; 10-jointe.d Mnoonema Jlotschulsky. 
 
 16. Antennae 8-jointed or less 7 
 
 Antennae 9-jointed, filiform Muscidea Motschulsky. 
 
 17. Antenna; 8-jointed Cardiogaster Motschulsky. 
 
 Antennae 7-jointed Solenoderus Motschulsky. 
 
 18. Antennae 9-jointed. 
 
 Lateral ocelli almost touching the eye margin Anysis Howard. 
 
 Lateral ocelli twice their width from the eye margin Eurycranium Ashmead. 
 
 Antennae (?) 7-jointed, with 5 branches. 
 
 Cephaleta Motsdi. (partim) V = Prntarladia Wcstw., a Eulophid. 
 
 '^ Equate Eurycephalus Aalim., Indian Miis. Notes, V., 1903, p. 01, preoccupied. 
 
ASIIMEAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 327 
 
 Sri'.FAMII.V IV. Sl'HECIGASTERIN.E. 
 
 1856. Miscogastt'i-okUe, Faiuilie 14 (partiiii), Forster, Hyni. t^tiul., II., p. 24. 
 
 1856. Miscogastroidre, Fainilie 14 (partini), opus at., p. 51. 
 
 1875. Sphegigastrides, Subtribus (partim), Thomson, Ilym. Skaiul., IV., p. 217. 
 
 1875. Caratomides, Subtribus, Thomson, opm cit, p. 216. 
 
 1887. Pteromaliiuu, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 33 and 35. 
 
 1897. Sphegigasterime, Subfamily III., Ashniead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
 
 p. 248. 
 
 1898. Cnirysolam{)in:c, Subfainily, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., p. 16. 
 
 This subfamily is distinguished from the three preceding subfamilies by the dis- 
 tinctly petiolated aixlomen, and from the two which are to ft)llow, which also have 
 the abdomen petiolate, by other characters; from the Spalanyiiniv. l)y having a 
 ttjtally different shaped head, and by the venation ; from the Diparinx by thoracic 
 and antennal characters. 
 
 Four very distinct minoi- groups, here culled tribes, have been recognized. 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBKS. 
 
 1. Antennse inserted near the moutli bonier or just above the clypeus '1 
 
 Auteniue inserted on or near tlie middle of the face, far above the clyjieiis 3 
 
 2. Head asually lentienhir, much \vider tlian the thorax, deeply concave behind, rarely normal ; paraii-si- 
 
 dal furrows complete Tribe I. Asaphiui. 
 
 3. Front wings with a slender marginal vein 4 
 
 Front wings with a thick, stout, usually short marginal vein Tribe II. Pachyneurini. - 
 
 4. Head transverse, the temples not very broad Tribe III. Sphegigast«riiii. 
 
 Head very large, the temples very bioad, the Irons sometimes eornuted Tribe IV. Cratomini. 
 
 Ti;ii;k I. As(qilil)u. 
 
 This tribe is readily distinguished from the others in the subfamily liy the 
 antennse being inserted near the mouth border, or just aljove the clypeus; they arc 
 never inserted near the middle of the face. 
 
 It is based upon the genus A.^(ii>h(s Walker, which was rcchristciUMl Isofnilus liy 
 Dr. Forster, and placed by him in the subfamily SjxihiiKjUn.-r, with which group it 
 has nothing in common. 
 
 The habits of the genera falling in this tribe are fairly uniform, the vast niMJority 
 of the species being parasites upon idant-lice, AphididiV, and upon the hark-lice, 
 Coccidx. 
 
 TAliLK OF OEXKUA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 10 
 
328 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 2. Head very wide, the occiput strongly concave 3 
 
 Head not esi)ecially wide, tlie occiput not strongly concave 6 
 
 3. Winged 4 
 
 Wingless or subapterous. 
 
 Antennse strongly clavate, 9-jointed, ending in a large, solid ovate club, the scape dilated at 
 apex ; funicle 6-jointed, joints 2-6 transverse, the sixth about four times as wide as long ; me- 
 tathorax very short, without carinie, the spiracles small, rounded ; abdomen oval, the petiole 
 scarcely longer than thick, the third segment (second body segment) a little longer than the 
 second Pheidoloxenus Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. wheelcri Ashm.). 
 
 4. Autennie 10-jointed 5 
 
 Antennse 13-jointed 9 
 
 5. Abdomen with the second segment abnormally large, occupying most of the surface. 
 
 Marginal vein scarcely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein wanting ; body of 
 al)domen with a tuft of hairs ou each side at base. 
 
 Tomocera Howard (type T. culifurnica How.). 
 Marginal vein fully twice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein distinct, about the 
 length of the stigmal ; uo tuft of hairs at base of abdomen. 
 
 Ophelosia Riley (type 0. crawfordi Riley). 
 
 a. Blaiginal vein aljout three times as long as the stigmal vein or a little longer.. 7 
 
 Marginal vein short, at the most scarcely twice as long as the stigmal vein, usually shorter 8 
 
 7. AntenuiB 10-jointed, the second joint of the funicle twice as long as the first ; scutellum ivilh a cross- 
 
 furrow before the apex Aphobetus Howard (type A. maskelli How.). 
 
 Antennte 13-jointed 9 
 
 8. Marginal vein hardly twice as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein very short ; antenn:e 
 
 10-jointed, the joints of the fLUiicle short, subnioiuliform ; scutellum ivilhout a cross-furrow before 
 
 the apex Aphobetoideus Ashmead, g. nov. (type A. comperei Ashm.). 
 
 Marginal vein hardly as long as the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein long ; antennaj 13-jointed, with 
 
 2 ring-joints Asaphes Walker (type A. vulgaris Walk.). 
 
 y. Marginal vein aliout thrice as long as the stigrnal vein. 
 
 Parasaphes .Vshmead, g. nov. (type P. iceri/ic Ashm.). 
 
 10. Antenna' 9 or 10-joiuted ; head usually wide 11 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed ; head normal 1-1 
 
 11. Postmarginal vein wanting or very .short 12 
 
 Postmarginal vein distinct, about the length of the stigmal vein. 
 
 Marginal vein twice as long as the stigmal ; no tuft of hairs at base of scutellum. 
 
 Ophelosia Riley. 
 
 12. Marginal vein long, about twice as long as the stigmal or even thrice as long 13 
 
 jNIarginal vein .short, hardly as long as the .stigmal. 
 
 Abdomen with a tuft of hairs on each side at base ; antennie dentate Tomocera Howard. 
 
 13. Antenna; 9-joiuted. 
 
 Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex Aphobetus Howard. 
 
 Scutellum with a cros.s-furrow before apex Aphobetoideus Ashmead. 
 
 14. Marginal vein scarcely as long as the .stigmal vein, a little thickened at base, the postmarginal vein 
 
 long Asaphes \\'alker. 
 
 Marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal vein Parasaphes Ashmead. 
 
ashmkad: classiI'-ication of tiik chai.cii) fliks 329 
 
 Thike II. Pdchijncariiii. 
 
 In this tribe the antcmue are inserted near the middle of tlie face, and the 
 marginal vein in the front wings is always thickened and usually short. 
 
 The species, like the Amphinl are said to be parasites of coccids and aphids, but 
 these insects have other hymenopterous parasites, braconids, encyrlids, cyi lipids, 
 etc., and the Pachyneurbu are prol)al)ly hyjjerparasites of these insects. 
 
 A few have also been lired from diptennis insects belonging to the i'aiiiily 
 Sijrplndiv, which also have other hymenopterous parasites, and this seems to con- 
 firm the hypei-parasitism of these insects. 
 
 table of oeneka. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 7 
 
 2. Mesothoracic furrows distinct, complete 3 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly 4 
 
 3. Stigmal vein with a large knob ; abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, the second segment large, the tliird 
 
 segment very short, the fourth and fifth rather large, subequal, the following very short. 
 
 Pachycrepis Forster (type Caruna clavata Walk.). 
 Stigmal vein with a .small knob : abdomen ovate, tlie second and the third segments large, the fourth 
 and fiflh very short, the sixth and soveiilli longer. 
 
 Pachycrepoideus Aslimead, g. nov. (type P. dubius Ashni.). 
 
 4. Abdomen above flat or depresse<l r, 
 
 Abdomen above convexly rounded G 
 
 5. Pronotum much narrower than the me.sonotum acros.s the shoulders ; abdomen oval or short ovate, the 
 
 second segment the longest, occupying a good portion of tlie surface, the third and fourth short, nearly 
 
 ecjual, the following vei-y short Pachyneuron Walker (type P. formosum Walk.). 
 
 Pronotum as wide as the mesonotura acro.ss the shoulder.s ; sciitellum with a cross-furrow just before the 
 apex ; abdomen seen from above ovate, nearly as long as the head and thorax united, beneath com- 
 pressed or keeled, the ventral valve prominent, plowshare-shaped, the second segment fully twice as 
 long as the third, or longer, the fourth a little longer than the third, the following subequal, the sixth 
 as long or a little longer than the fifth Euneura Walker (type E. auganis Walk.). 
 
 6. Pronotum narrower than the mesothorax ; scutcllum without a cross-furrow before apex ; abdomen ovate, 
 
 the second .segment the longest, the third, fourth and fifth not short, subequal, the fourth a little the 
 longest, the sixth about one third shorter than the fifth. 
 
 Hypsicamera Furster (type H. lalzebinf/ii Keinliard). 
 
 7. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly S 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows comjilete. 
 
 Stigmal club large Pachycrepis Fcii-ster. 
 
 Stigmal club small Pachycrepoideus Ashmead. 
 
 8. Pronotum as wide ivs the mcsonotum ; scutcllum with a cross-furrow before the aiiex. Euneura Walker. 
 Pronotum narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum without a cross-fui-row before apex. 
 
 Metanotum rather short ; funicle joints not more than twice as long as thick. 
 
 Pachyneuron Walker. 
 Metanotum long ; funicle joint;. Ilirice as long as thick Hypsicamera Forster. 
 
330 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Trire III. Sphegigcisterini. 
 The species tallini,Mn tliis triKe are easily recognized Ijy the mucli longer and 
 more slender marginal vein. They differ from the others also in habits, the majority 
 of the species being parasites of dipterous insects, and especially of the gall-making 
 species Ijelonging principally to the faiuily O'chloiinjiiilx. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males Ki 
 
 2. Abdominal petiole longer than the hind coxce 3 
 
 Abdominal petiole shorter than the hind coxa;, or at least never longer 7 
 
 3. Head with the cheeks compressed, (he vertex not very narrow 4 
 
 Head sublenticular, the cheeks rounded, the vertex narrow. 
 
 Pronotum large, quadrate, mesonotum flat, with complete parapsidal furrows ; second abdomi- 
 nal segment very large, occupying fully two thirds of the whole surface of the abdomen, the 
 following very short Syntomopus Walker (type S. ihoracicus Walk.). 
 
 4. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, abbreviated posteriorly ov only distiuL-t anteriorly 5 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows complete, distinct. 
 
 Scutellum with a cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen short oval, keeled beneath, the second 
 and third segments very large, the second broadly emarginate at apical margin. 
 
 Merismus Walker (type M. megapterus Walk.). 
 
 Siiitelluni convex, iritliuiil a cross-furrow before the apex, the second segment large, occupying 
 a little more than lialf the whole surface of the abdomen, the apical margin straight, not 
 emarginate Acroclisis Fijrster (type A. nigricornis Forst.). 
 
 5. Metanotum usually smooth, but always with a median carina (except sometimes in Polycyrtus), the lateral 
 
 folds also usually present 6 
 
 Metanotum punctate, without either a median caiina or lateral folds. 
 
 Scutellum convex, without a cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen with the second and third 
 segments very large ; .sometimes the abdomen is triangulate as in Perilampvs. 
 
 Trigonogastra Ashmead, g. uov. (type T. aurata Ashm.). 
 G. Seutelhiiii wilh a delicate cross-furrow before the apex ; abdomen with the second and third segments 
 
 very large, the latter about one third the length of the second Sphegigaster Spinola 
 
 (type »S'. paUicornig Spin.). 
 
 Scutellum without a cross-furrow before the apex or the furrow is subabsolute ; abdomen with the 
 
 second segment very large, occupying half or a little more than half the whole surface, the following 
 
 very short, often retracted Cryptoprymna Forster (type Prosodes atra Walker). 
 
 7. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, much abbreviated, or indicated only anteriorly 8 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows complete, distinct, rarely only two thirds the length of the mesonotum 13 
 
 8. Metanotum not broad, and with a more or less distinct median carina, or at least the carina is indicated 
 
 basally ^ 
 
 Metanotum broad, punctate, ivithout a median carina V genus. 
 
 9. Second abdominal segment at apex broadly and usually deeply, semicircularly emarginate 10 
 
 Second abdominal segment at apex not broadly and deeply emarginate, straight or at the most w ith 
 
 only a slight sinus 11 
 
ASnMEAD : CLASSIFIf'ATION OF THK CIIALCIO FLIES 331 
 
 10. Abdoincn ovate, tlio sccoiul and tliird segniciit.s very larfie, occupyiiij; the larger part of the surface. 
 
 Cyrtogaster Walker (type C. vulgaris Walker). 
 
 11. Metanotum punctate, with an abbreviated median carina 12 
 
 IMetanotum smooth, inii)unctate, but with a distinct median carina. 
 
 Pronotum anteriorly not acute ; axilhe separated at ba.se of scutellum ; abdomen ovate or conic- 
 ovate, the second sejiincnt larfrc, occuiiying about half the whole surface. 
 
 PolycystUS Westwood (type P. mallheirsii Westw.). 
 
 Pronotum anteriorly acute; axilla; meet at base of scutellum ; abdomen trianf;ulate<l, nuicli as 
 in Perilampus, the second segment large Trigonogastra Ashmead. 
 
 12. Alidomen short, ovate, wider than the thorax, but a little shorter, the second segment twice the length 
 
 of the third, the apical margin entire, the following segments gradually shortening. 
 
 Eurydinota Forster (type E. leptonimt Fdrster). 
 
 13. Abdomen with the second segment occupying fully one third the whole surface, 3 to 5 subetiual in 
 
 length, the sixth longer than the fifth, the two following very short. 
 
 Pterosema Forster (type P. rariicolor Fo:-st.). 
 
 14. Metanotum not closely punctate and tricarinate 15 
 
 Metanotum not long, and smooth, the median carina and lateral folds usually present. 
 
 Middle tibiae normal ; abdomen ovate, pointed at apex, the petiole shagreened, with a median 
 ridge, the second segment the largest, occujiying about half the whole surface, with a slight 
 incision at apex Polycystus Westwood. 
 
 Middle tibia; abnormal, incrassate ; abdomen short ovate Spaniopus Walker 
 
 (type S. diaaimilis Walk.). 
 
 15. Abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole rugulose, the second segment occupying at the most one third the 
 
 whole surface, the following segments subequal, less than half the length of the second ; pronotum 
 
 not short Bubekia Dalla Torre (type Brachycrepw tricarinata Ashm.). 
 
 Ifi. Petiole of abdomen long, always longer than the hind coxa> 17 
 
 Petiole of abdomen shorter, not longer than the hind coxa" 2i) 
 
 17. Mesothoracic furrows complete IS 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows incomplete, indicated only anteriorly 21 
 
 18. Head with compressed cheeks ; pronotum not large, not transverse (piadrate 19 
 
 Head sublenticular, with rounded cheeks, the vertex antero-posteriorly narrow ; antenna; lilifbrm, 
 
 pubescent. Syntomopus Walker. 
 
 19. Scutellum with a cross-furrow before apex 20 
 
 Scutellum without a cross-furrow before apex 28 
 
 20. Abdomen with dorsal segments 2 and 3 large, the second twice the length of the third and deeply, 
 
 broadly, semicirculai-ly emarginate at apex ; flagellum subclavate, pubescent . . . Merismus Walker. 
 
 Abdomen ovate, the second dorsal segment large, occupying more than half the whole surface, not 
 
 emarginate at apex Acroclisis Filrster. 
 
 21. Metanotum usually smooth, with lateral folds and a median carina ; both mandibles 4-dentate .... 24 
 Metanotum closely punctate and often, but not always, without lateral folds or a median carina, rarely 
 
 distinct 22 
 
 22. Abdomen not triangular, either oval or oblong-oval 23 
 
 Abdomen triangular ; mandibles 4-dcntate, the outer tooth acute ; pronotum anteriorly truncate, the 
 
 upper front margin acute Trigonogastra Ashmead. 
 
 23. Metathorax not long, but pro<luced into a subglobo.se neck at apex ; both mandibles 3-dentate .... 24 
 
332 MKMOTRS OF THE CARNEGIR MUSEUM 
 
 Metathorax loiifj and also produced into a subglobose neck at apex ; pronotinn with tlic front margin 
 rounded : botli mandibles 4-dcntate Bubekia Dalla Torre. 
 
 24. Palpi normal 25 
 
 Palpi abnormal 26 
 
 25. Middle tibite abnormal, incra.ssated at apex 27 
 
 Middle tibia; normal. 
 
 Abdomen with dor.sal segments 2 and 3 large Sphegigaster Spinola. 
 
 26. Abdomen with the second segment large, occupying most of the surface, its apical margin not incised. 
 
 Cryptoprymna Fiirster. 
 
 Abdomen with the second segment not so large, its apical margin usually with a slight incision ; 
 
 antennte, except the club, usually yellow Jolycyrtus Wcstwood. 
 
 27. Abdomen short, the second segment at apex not incised Spaniopus Walker. 
 
 28. Antenna} filiform ? g- nov. 
 
 29. Mesothoracic furrows incomplete or indicated only anteriorly 30 
 
 Mesothoracic furrows complete 33 
 
 30. Metanotum smooth or at the most feebly punctate 31 
 
 Metanotum punctate or sculptured, opaque. 
 
 Abdomen triangular ; pronotum anteriorly truncate, the upper margin acute. 
 
 Trigonogastra Ashmead. 
 Abdomen oblong-oval ; pronotum anteriorly rounded, the upper margin not acute. 
 
 Bubekia Dalla Torre. 
 
 31. Second dor.sal abdominal segment at apex, not broadly, deeply semicircularly emarginate, either 
 
 straight or with only a slight incision 32 
 
 Second dorsal abdominal segment at apex broadly and deeply semicircularly emarginate. 
 
 Cyrtogaster Walker. 
 
 32. Head wide but not thick ; antenn;e subfiliform, the second ring-joint larger than the first, the scape 
 
 slender, but hardly reaching to the front ocellus, the funicle joints not longer than thick. 
 
 Polycyrtus Westwood. 
 
 Head large and thick, much wider than the thorax ; antennie clavate, the ring-joints equal, annular, 
 
 the scape long and slender Tityros Walker (type T. pareia Walk.). 
 
 33. Metanotum with one or three carina; 34 
 
 Metanotum broad, ivithoul a median carina. 
 
 Abdomeu with the second segment occupying fully one third the whole surface. 
 
 Pterosema Forster. 
 
 34. Metanotum with the lateral carinfe or folds wanting, the median carina ]iresent, usually abbreviated. 
 
 Eurydinota Forster. 
 Metanotum long, closely punctate, tricarinate Bubekia 1 hilla Torre. 
 
 TKI15E IV. Cratomini. 
 1875. CaratoiBides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., p. 216. 
 1878. Caratomides, Subtribus, Thomson, opa.s cit., V , p. 44. 
 
 This group is l)ased upon the genus Cnttomus Dalman, established in 1820. 
 Later the genus was changed to Garatomus. I have however, retained the original 
 spelling and shall call the group Cratomini. 
 
ASITMKAD: Cr.ASSIFICATIOX OF THE CIIALCII) FLIES 333 
 
 Haliday thought Cratomvs was allit'd to the Pcrihtmjndiv and placed it in that 
 family, an unnatural position for it. It i.s a true Ptcromalid and falls into the sub- 
 ftiniily Sjjli€(j!<j<is(eriv;r, as is abundantly proved Ijy the discovery of my genus Para- 
 caratomtis. 
 
 Nothing is positively known of the habits of this minor group, but I suspect that 
 the group is parasitic upon the larvse of beetles. 
 
 TABLE OF GEXEKA. 
 Head corinited in front ; face with converging stria' liclow tlie insertion of the antennre ; abdomen short, 
 
 subscssilc or l)riefly petiohite Cratomus Dahnan (type Cynips vifgacephalns Falir.). 
 
 Head not cornnted ; fixec with converging striic below the insertion of the antennie ; abdomen longly 
 petiolate, tlic Ijody subcomiircssed towards apex, the petiole nearly twice as long a.s the hind coxa*. 
 
 Paracaratomus Ashmead (type P. cqihaloleg Ashm.). 
 
 SUKFAMILY IV. SrALANOIIN.^. 
 
 1840. Spalangiides, Subfamily? (partim), West wood, Intro. ]\Iod. Class. Ins., II., 
 
 Synop., p. G6. 
 1856. Spalangoidto, Familie 6 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., XL, pp. 18, 22 and 40. 
 1875. Spalangiina, Trilms (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12 and 200. 
 1886. Spalangiinte, Suljfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1897. Spalangiinie, Subfamily IV., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 248. 
 
 This subfamily is quite distinct from all of the others here defined by the 
 peculiar oblong shape of the head, a character found in no other family in the 
 Chalcidoidea, except in the family Agaonidx, although not unconuuon among the 
 Aculeales, especially in the superfamily Vespoidea, the oblong head l)eing one of the 
 principal characters that distinguishes the family Iliihi/li(hr : it is also reproduced in 
 the Ckrysididiv and occasionally in two or three other families. 
 
 Dr. Forster and others incorrectly placed here the genus Asuphcs Walker (= [.•<o- 
 cratus Foi-ster); it is a genuine PtcrovKtlinr. 
 
 The subfamily Spalangiinx is readily distinguished by the oblong shape of the 
 head, by the antennae being inserted iar anteriorly close to the mouth, by the longer 
 more depressed thorax, by the shape of the pronotum, by the petiolated abdomen, 
 and liy the venation of the front wings, the co.stal cell being long and exceedingly 
 narrow. 
 
 Tlie species of Hpalangia are parasitic on dijiterous larvfe. The species in the 
 other genera, according to the records, destroy coleopterous larvte. 
 
 TABLE OF CKNEKA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 5 
 
334 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 2. Head tridentatc, with deep antennal furrows ; a sharp, high carina or spine l)etween the antenna- ; 
 
 marginal vein long 3 
 
 Head normal, not tridentate 4 
 
 3. Head with a long spear-like process ; mandibles very large, three fourths the length of the head ; 
 
 antennse 10-jointed Paralaesthia Cameron (type P. mandibvlaris Cam). 
 
 Head without a long, spear-like process ; mandibles not large ; antennae 9-jointed, sometimes apparently 
 only 8-jointed, two of the terminal joints being closely united, without a visible suture between. 
 
 Cerocephala Westwood (type C. cornigera Westw.). 
 
 4. Facial impression wanting ; antenufc 10-jointed, inserted close to the moulh border.. Spalangia Latrcillp 
 
 (type .?. nigra Latr.). 
 Facial imprcssiom distinct; antennrc 9-jointed, inserted just above the clypeus. 
 
 Paraspalangia Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. (mnvlipes Ashm.). 
 
 5. Head not tridentate, noi-mal C^ 
 
 Head tridentate, with deep antennal furrows and a long spine or sharp carina between 7 
 
 6. Mandibles very large, three fourths the length of the head ; antenna; 10-jointed. .Paralaesthia Cameron. 
 Mandibles normal, not large ; antennae 11 or 12-jointed Cerocephala We-stwood. 
 
 7. Facial impression wanting ; antennae 12-jointed Spalangia Latreille. 
 
 Facial impression distinct ; antennae (?) 10-jointed (broken) Paraspalangia Ashmead. 
 
 Subfamily V. Diparin/e. 
 1875. Diparides, Subtribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 217. 
 1886. Diparides, Tnl)e, Howard, Ent. Amer., II., pp. 33 and 35. 
 1897. Diparina^ Subfamily V., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. See. Washington, IV., p. 23(). 
 
 The peculiarities in the venation of the front wings alone will distinguish this 
 subfamily, although there are other characters not easily defined. The marginal 
 vein is very long, as long, or nearly, as the subcostal vein, the costal cell being ex- 
 ceedingly narrow, the postmarginal vein is also long. 
 
 The head in front is convex or subconvex, not depressed, tlie antennaj lieing 
 usually long and' inserted on the middle of the face, the scape long and slender, the 
 funicle 6-jointed, the club stouter and 3-jointed. The metathorax is longer than 
 usual, with distinct lateral carinre, while the abdomen is ovate, somewhat depressed, 
 and distinctly petiolate. 
 
 The species are rare and only two genera have l)een characterized. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Petiole linear, longer than the hind coxw 3 
 
 Petiole shorter than the hind coxae. 
 
 Abdomen oval ; antennae 13-joiuted, subclavate, inserted near the middle of the fivce, the joints 
 
 of the funicle stout, subequal, very gradually shortening Panstenon Walker 
 
 (type Miscogaster oxijltts Walk.). 
 
ASHMKAI 
 
 'LASSIKICATIOX OF THE CIIAI-CIl) KLIKS 335 
 
 3. Abdomen ovate ; metathorax large, with delicate, irref^ular raised lines ; second abdoniiniil segment 
 
 large, occupying fully one third or more of the whole surface of abdomen, the following segments 
 short, subequal Dipara Walker (type D. petwlala Walk.). 
 
 4. Petiole linear, longer than the hind coxic 5 
 
 Petiole shorter, not longer than the hind coxa\ 
 
 Antenna; filiform, not verticellate, pilose Panstenon Walker. 
 
 5. Antenna; with the joints of the flagellum well separated, subpedunctate and somewhat verllcellate- 
 
 pilose ; body of abdomen oval or rounded, tlie second segment occupying fully one half tlie whole 
 surface Dipara Walker. 
 
 Family LXX. ELASMID/E. 
 1840. Eulopliides, Sulifaniily 5 (partim), Westwoud, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II.; 
 
 Synop., p. 73. 
 18l(). Eulophidie, Family II. (partini), Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. Gl. 
 1856. Elasmoidte, Familie 17, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 25 and 71. 
 1878. Elasmina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
 188(5. Elasminaj, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., j). 198. 
 1897. Elasmidie, Family LXX., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc Washington, IV., p. 2:;(3. 
 
 This family is not closely allied tu any other, although, on account of the 
 4-jointed tarsi, and the flabellate anteiuia- in the males, it deceptively reseml)le8 the 
 famil}' Euhiphidii'. Structurally, however, the two families are totally distinct, the 
 thorax, the front wings, the legs and the alidonien lu'lng (piite dillerent in these 
 families. 
 
 In mesothoracic and alxlominal characters the Kht^inhhi show .some aflinity 
 with the Kncyrtidiv, but the relationship, if it ever existed, must have been very re- 
 mote, in ages past, and it is not now traceable in the forms thus far discovered. 
 
 The group is easily recognized by the compressed, triangular shape of the body 
 and abdomen, l)y the longer and narrower wings, by the venation, the marginal 
 vein being usually, although not always, very long, with the stigmal vein very short, 
 and by the abnormally developed legs, the hind coxie being very large, strongly 
 compressed, disk-like, the hind femora being rather stout, the til>i;e and tarsi being 
 very slender, the latter Ijeing very long. 
 
 The species of Elasrans attack usually Icpidnplcrous lar\a', but some have al.so 
 been bred from microgasterid cocoons and iVom other insects. The Australia genus 
 Earijlsuhin Howard, attacks dipterous larv:e. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
336 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 2. Marginal vein shorter than tlie subcostal vein, the stigmal vein long, well ileveloped ; hind tibia- armed 
 
 with many long bristles Enryiscliia Howard (type E. lestophoni How.). 
 
 Marginal vein very long, mucli longer than the subcostal, the stigmal vein minute ; hind tibiiu unarmed, 
 without long bristles Elasmus Westwood (type Eulophus flaheUatus Fonsc). 
 
 3. Marginal vein shorter than the subcostal, the stigmal vein long, well developed ; antenme simple, with- 
 
 out branches Euryischia Howard. 
 
 Marginal vein very long, longer than the subcostal, the stigmal vein very short ; anteume with three 
 branches Xlasmus Westwood. 
 
 Family LXXI. EULOPHID.E. 
 
 1840. Eulophides, Subflmiily 5 (partiin), Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., p. lOG; 
 
 Synop., p. 73. 
 1843.- Eulophiui, Subfamily (partini), Haliday, Trans. Ent. Hoc. London, III., p. 
 
 296. 
 1856. Myinoida3, Faniilie 3 (partiin), "Forster, Hyni. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
 1856. Elacliistoid;e, Familie 18 (partim), Forster, Hyni. Stud., II., pp. 19, 20 and 
 
 72. 
 1856. Eulophoidte, Familie 19 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 26 and 74. 
 1856. Entedonoidte, Familie 20 (partim), Fcirster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 26 and 
 
 78. 
 1856. Tetrastichoidffi, Familie 21 (partim), Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 19, 26 and 
 
 83. 
 1878. Tetrastichina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
 
 1885. Tetracampinse, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., I, p. 198. 
 
 1886. TetracampintE, Subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amer., IL, p. 98. 
 
 1900. Eulophidaj, Family LXXL, Ashinead, Proc. U. S. National Museum, XXIII., 
 p. 203. 
 
 This very large family, which comprises mostly very small species, is separated 
 from all the previously descriljed families, except the Ekwaidx, by thoracic and 
 pedal characters, and to a great extent also by venational peculiarities impossible to 
 describe in detail to any except to those who have a thorougli knowledge of the 
 various ftimilies. 
 
 The principal points to be noted, however, are the axilhe which are advanced 
 forward into the basal region of the parapsides, o)i or hcfurean imaginary line drawn 
 from tegula to tegula, a character found in none of the foregoing families, except the 
 Elasmidas whicli is too obviously distinct in many other wa3's to require specifica- 
 tion again. 
 
 Five distinct sul>families may l)c recognized by the aid of the following tal)lc : 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 337 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 L Subinai^rinal vein entire, not ili.-tinclly liroken, or interruiited before uiiitinnwilh the marginal vein, and 
 usually distinctly longer than the marginal ; stigmal vein long, distinct, rarely very short, the post- 
 marginal vein always present 3 
 
 Submarginal vein broken, or interrupted before uniting with the marginal vein, and most frequently, 
 but not always, very short ; stigmal vein not or rarely long, usually very short, the knob most 
 frequently subsessile or subpetiolate, the postmarginal most frequently wanting or very short, larely 
 loug 2 
 
 2. Submarginal vein very short, the marginal vein very long, the postmaiginal vein variable, often very 
 
 , short or only slightly developed ; metapleura very small ; abdomen often petiolate, but sometimes 
 
 sessile or subsessile Subfamily I. ENTKnONlN-H. 
 
 Submarginal vein not very short, usually longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein always 
 wanting; abdomen usually sessile, rarely petiolate. 
 
 Stigmal vein very short, nearly ob-solete, its knob sessile or subsessile ; mcsopleura usually 
 
 without a femoral furrow Subfiimily II. AphelininvE. 
 
 Stigmal vein distinct, never subsessile, usually long ; mesopleura always with a distinct femoral 
 furrow Subfamily III. Tetrastichin/E. 
 
 3. Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows complete, distinct, entire Subfamily IV. Elaciiertin;e. 
 
 Mesonotum with the parapsidal furrows wanting or incomplete, at the most only slightly indicated 
 
 anteriorly Subfamily V. Eulophin^e. 
 
 Subfamily I. Entedonin/e. 
 1897. Entedonina\ Subfamily I., Ashiuead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 236. 
 
 The usuall}' very long marginal vein, the usually very short stigmal vein, 
 which is rarely long, the very small metapleura, and peculiarities in the shape of 
 the head and abdomen, impossible to describe in detail, but which the trained eye 
 recognizes at once, must be depended upon to distinguish the group. 
 
 The subfamily may be divided into/o»/- distinct tribes or minor groups. 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 1. Tarsi in both sexes 4-jointed ; funicle 5-jointcd or less ; antenna; 10-jointcd or less 2 
 
 Tarsi In female 5-jointed, rarely hcteromerous, in male 4-jointed ; funicle (i-jointed ; antenna; 11-jointed 
 
 or more, never 10-jointed or less Tribe I. Tetracampini. 
 
 2. Parajjsidal furrows complete, distinct. 
 
 Abdomen se.ssile or subsessile, never distinctly petiolate •. . . . Tribe II. Omphalini. 
 
 Abdomen distinctly petiolate Tribe III. Entedonini. 
 
 Parapsidal fuirows iucomiilete, at the most indicated only anteriorly Tiibe IV. IVdiobiini. 
 
 Tkibe 1. Tetracami'Inl 
 1856. TetracampoidcC, Faiuilie, Foi-ster, Hym. Stud., II., \). 79. 
 1878. Tetracampina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., V.. p. 181. 
 
 This tribe approaches nearest to the Omphalini; the body is rather narrow and 
 elongate, the abdomen in the female Iteing usually longer tliaii the licad and thora.x 
 
338 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 united and conically produced or conic-ovate ; while the marginal vein is very long, 
 the stigmal vein minute. In the females the tarsi are 5-jointed or heteromerous, in 
 the males 4-jointed. The antennte are 1 1-, 12- or 13-jointed, with 1 or 2 ring-joints, 
 the funicle being 6-jointed. 
 
 In the other tribes the tarsi are 4-jointed in both sexes, the antennie having at 
 the most 10 joints, while the funicle is from 2- to 5-;jointed. 
 
 The memljers of this tribe attack principally coleopterous larva\ 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females ; tarsi 5-jointed or heteioinerou.s 2 
 
 Males ; tarsi 4-jointed 6 
 
 2. Antennie 12- or 13-jointed, with 1 or 2 ring-joints 3 
 
 Antennae 11-jointed, without a ring-joint 5 
 
 3. Antennae 12-jointed ; mesonotal furrows distinct 4 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed, with 2 ring-joints, the scape slender, the club 3-jointed, the funicle 6-jointed, the 
 
 joints long, cylindrical ; mesonotal furrows wanting. 
 
 Platynocheilus Westwood (type P. erichsonii Westw.) 
 
 4. Antennae with the scape stout, the flagellum filiform, the joints cylindrical ; stigmal vein very short with 
 
 a very small knob Tetracampe Forster (type Entedon panyas Walk.). 
 
 Antennae with the scape slender, the flagellum subclavate, the joints except 5 and 6 a little longer than 
 thick ; stigmal vein short but with a rather large rounded kuob...Plutotlirix Forster (type unknown). 
 
 5. Scape not thick, the pedicel about as long as funicle-joints 1 and 2 united, the fifth joint stout ; pronotum 
 
 as long as the mesonotum, the axillae widely separated ; metauotum without a median carina. 
 
 Forsterella Dal la Torre (type Hyperbius flavipes Forst.). 
 
 6. Antennae 1 1- or 12-jointed ; marginal vein normal 7 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed ; marginal vein broad and stout Platynocheilus Westwood. 
 
 7. Antennie 11-jointed 8 
 
 Antennae 12-jointed. 
 
 Flagellum not verticillate-pilose ; stigmal vein with a minute knob Tetracampe Forster. 
 
 Flagellum verticillate-pilose ; stigmal vein with rather a large knob Plutothrix Forster. 
 
 8. Antennae with the scape broad, the pedicel long, the flagellum normal ; stigmal vein very short. 
 
 Forsterella Dalla Torre. 
 
 Tribe II. OmphaUni. 
 
 Many of the species falling in this tribe strongly re.semble smne in the Tdracam- 
 pini, in venation, in the shape of the body and in often having the abdomen 
 conically produced, the only appreciable difference being in the antennte ; these are 
 never more than 10-jointed, and the funicle is at the most 5-jointed, often 2-, 3- or 
 4-jointed. 
 
 The hal>its of the species, if the records are correct, are diverse. Some attack 
 the larvte of Coleoptera, while others attack those of Diptera, Lepidoptera, etc. 
 
 I am inclined to think, however, that these records in some cases are wrong and 
 most of thetn will be found to be parasitic only on dipterous larva\ since, where 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCII) FLIES 339 
 
 the records conflict, Diptera are usually associated with the Coleoptera and Lepi- 
 doptera, cither as parasites or hving togetlier in tlie same plant. In hreeding para- 
 sites one cannot always ascertain, with absolute certainty, tlie host of the parasites. 
 Species belonging to the genus Adichii'i Forster are bred from fungi infested with 
 dipterous and coleopterous larvic. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 11 
 
 2. Antenna; 10-jointeil, witli one linfr-joint (scai)e, pedicel, a ring-joint, a 4-jointi'(l i'unicle and a 3-jt>inted 
 
 club) 3 
 
 Antennse 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, or less tlian 'J-jointed 9 
 
 3. Wings hyaline, immaculate 4 
 
 Wings banded or maculate with fuscous. 
 
 Antenuie very long, the flagellum subclavate ; abdomen conically pointed ; po.stmarginal vein 
 short, the knob of the stigraal vein petiolate...AsticllUS Forster (type A. arilhmetrieus Fcirst.). 
 
 4. Abdomen long, conically produced, as long or longer than the head and thorax united 5 
 
 Abdomen short, ovate or cordate and usually shorter than the thorax, never much longer 8 
 
 5. Metanotum short, without carina or at the most with only a trace of a median carina 6 
 
 !Metauotum long, distinctly tricarinate, the surface punctulate or rugulose. 
 
 Flagellum .stout, subclavate, finely pubescent ; abdomen not longer than the head and thorax 
 united or only a little longer Selitrichus Roudani. 
 
 6. Metanotum smooth, impunctate 7 
 
 Metanotum punctate or sculptured. 
 
 Wings almost glabrous, the short pubescence arranged in hair lines, usually conforniing to the 
 spurious veins ; po.stmarginal vein well developed Secodes Forster. 
 
 7. Front wings well pubescent ; postmargiual vein well developed, long. 
 
 Eyes not large, the malar space distinct ; scape of antenna; metallic or metallic except at base. 
 
 Euderus Haliday (type Entedon amplun Walk.). 
 Eyes very large, pubescent, occupying the whole .side of the head and extending to the base of 
 the mandibles, the malar space wanting ; scape verj' slender, white. 
 
 Euophthalmomyia Ashmead, g. nov. (type E. jiallidiprs Ashm.). 
 Front wings almost glabrous, not well pubescent, the pubescence arranged in more or less irregular 
 hair-lines, as in Secodes ; postmargiual vein not well developed, not or scarcely longer than the very 
 short subscssile stigmal vein ; eyes normal, the malar space distinct. 
 
 Omphale Haliday (type 0. salicis Hal.). 
 
 8. Wings bare or nearly, the stigmal vein rather long, the postmargiual vein not developed. 
 
 Flagellum subclavate, not long, the pedicel long, obconical, the funicle 4-jointed, joints 3 and 
 4 wider than long ; head lenticular, wider than the thorax ; parapsidal furrows sharply defined 
 posteriorly, wanting at anterior third ; metathorax short, punctate, with a median carina ; 
 abdomen short cordate Bubbardiella Ashmead, g. nov. (type H. arizonensis Ashm.). 
 
 9. Antenna; 8-jointed with a ring-joint 10 
 
 Antenna; 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the terminal joint 
 
 usually represented by a spur ; wings immaculate, or at most .with a substigmal fascia ; meta- 
 tliorax smooth, without a median carina or lateral folds, but with s|iinicular sulci : :ibdoiiicii not or 
 scarcely longer than the head and thorax united. 
 
340 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Malar space distinct, the eyes not extending to the base of the mandibles ; iiostniarginal vein 
 very long .Chrysocharis Forster. 
 
 Malar space wanting, the eyes large and extending to the mandibles ; postmarginal vein very 
 long, the stigmal vein subsessile and usually with a fuscous fascia from apex. 
 
 Zaommomyia Ashmead, g. nov. (type Chrysocharis stigmata Ashm.). 
 
 10. Wings usually with transverse fasci», the postmarginal vein not well developed ; head wider than 
 long; flagellum short, compressed, fusiform, the joints except the la.«t wider than long. 
 
 Closterocerus Westwood (type C. trifasciaUis Westw.). 
 
 11. Autenuse 10-jointed, with one ring-joint 12 
 
 Antennffi 9-jointed, with one ring-joint or less. 16 
 
 12. Wings immaculate 13 
 
 Wings maculate. 
 
 Antennre very long, verticillate-pilose, the funicle joints subdentate Astichus Forster. 
 
 13. Metanotum short, usually without a median carina 14 
 
 Metanotum not short, tricarinate. 
 
 Antenuje filiform Selitrichus Rondani. 
 
 14. Metanotum smooth, impunctate 15 
 
 Metanotum punctate or sculptured. 
 
 Wings subglabrous, the faint pubescence arranged in hair-lines ; postmarginal vein well devel- 
 oped, longer than the stigmal Secedes Forster. 
 
 15. Front wings finely pubescent ; postmarginal vein long, well developed. 
 
 Eyes not large, the malar space distinct ; scape of antenna? metallic Euderus Haliday. 
 
 Eyes very large, occupying the whole sides of the head, the malar space wanting ; scape of 
 
 antennae very slender, white Euophthalmomjria Ashmead. 
 
 Front wings subglabrous, not well pubescent, the pubescence arranged usually in more or less irregular 
 hair-lines ; postmarginal vein not well developed, rarely longer than the very short stigmal vein. 
 Head normal, not wider than the thorax ; stigmal vein very short, the knob sessile or subsessile ; 
 
 parapsidal furrows complete ; abdomen long Ompliale Haliday. 
 
 Head very broad, lenticular, wider than the thorax ; stigmal vein rather long ; parapsidal fur- 
 rows obliterated anteriorly Hubbardiella Ashmead. 
 
 16. Antenna; 8-jointed, with one ring-joint 17 
 
 Antennse 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 3-joiuted. 
 
 Eyes normal, the malar space distinct Chrysocharis For.'^ter. 
 
 Eyes very large, extending to base of mandibles, the malar space wanting. 
 
 Zaommomyia Ashmead. 
 
 17. Wings with a marginal fringe, often with transver.se bands, the stigmal vein clavate, longer than the 
 
 postmarginal Closterocerus Westwood. 
 
 Tkibe III. Entedonini. 
 Tliis tribe is easily distinguished from the OinpliaJIni ]>y the distinctly petiolate 
 iibdonien, and from the Pedwhimi by the complete parapsidal furrows. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males .14 
 
ASIIMKAD: CLASSIKrCATJON OF TllK CMALCID FURS 341 
 
 2. Scutellum without lateral longitudinal grooved lines, at tlie most willi a single median ('urro-\v 7 
 
 Scutellinn with lateral longitudinal grooved lines. 
 
 Ant«un!e lO-jointed. with only one ring-joint, or less than ll)-jointed, the ovipositor never promi- 
 nent 4 
 
 AnIenniE 10-jointed, with tiiv ring-joints, the ovipositor very long, longer than the ahdonien ; 
 flagellum very long, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints long, swollen at base and tapering oil' 
 at apex, the swollen portion with whorls of long hairs. 
 
 Uroentedon Ashmead, g. nov. (type U. verlicellata Ashm.). 
 
 4. Head normal, viewed IVoin in front not nr scareely wider than long ; stigmal vein short 7 
 
 Head abnormal, viewed from in front very short, twice as wide as long or even wider ; stigmal vein 
 
 long r, 
 
 5. Eyes pubescent ; wings with the disk usually subfuscous, but not banded ; antenme 10-jointed, suli- 
 
 elavate (I 
 
 Eyes bare ; wings with two fuscous transverse bands; antennie 10-jointed, long, the flagellum long, 
 subclavate, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints longer than thick ; cylindrical ; prothorax conical ; parap- 
 sides prominently convex Hoplocrepis Ashmead (type H. albidava Ashm.). 
 
 6. P'uniele 3-jointed, the joints cylindrical, slightly pedicellate, the club 4-jointed, black or brown-black, 
 
 not white ; metanotum smooth, without a median carina. 
 
 Eulophopteryx Ashmead, g. nov. (type E. chapadx Ashm.). 
 Funicle 3-joiiited. the joints compressed, briefly pedicellate, tlie club 4-jointed, white or yellowish 
 white ; metanotum with a median carina. 
 
 Lophocomus Haliday (type Cirrospilus umtitia Walk.). 
 
 7. Scutellum iritlwiit a median longitudinal grooved line 8 
 
 Scutellum xcith a median longitudinal grooved line. 
 
 Anteunse 10-jointcd, with one ring-joint, the flagellum filiform, pubescent, the funicle 4-jointed, 
 the joints long, cylindrical ; abdomen with a long petiole. 
 
 Holcopeltoideus Ashmaad, g. uov. (type Ilolcopclle ])ciioliila Ashm.). 
 Anteniue !)-jointed, with one ring-joint, usually subclavate, the funicle ;5-jointed, the joints 
 oblong-oval or submoniliform ; abdomen with a short iietiole. 
 
 Horismenus Walker (type H. deodora Walk.). 
 
 8. Anteauie 9-joiutcd, with one ring-joint or less than 9-jointed 10 
 
 Antenuaj 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 
 Metathorax without lateral earinse 9 
 
 Metathorax with lateral carinsc and a median cai-ina, the latter usually forked at apex. 
 
 Body of abdomen ovate, the first segment occupying about one third the whole surface. 
 Pleurotropis Forster (type P. iaomera Filrst.). 
 
 9. 3Ietathorax produced into a long neck at apex, with a delicate median carina at base. 
 
 Head very wide, lenticular, much wider than the thorax, concave behind; llagelhini lilifonu, 
 the funicle 4-j()inted ; postmarginal vein not developed : abdomen with a long petiole. 
 
 Pelorotelus Ashmead, g. nov. (type /'. crnilciis Ashm.). 
 
 10. Antenna' S-jointe.l, with one ring-joint, or less than S-jointed 13 
 
 Autcnnaj 9-jointed, with one ring-joini, the funicle .",-joinled, the club 3-jointeil. the last joint u-ually 
 represented by a little spur. 
 
 Metathorax without lateral carime 11 
 
 Metathorax »■('//) lateral carina- Mestochahs Forster (type .U. vijdopsila For.st.). 
 
342 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 11. Scutellum uot smooth, sca'y punctiite. or finely rcticulately punctate 12 
 
 Scutellum perfectly smooth, impunctate A.secodas Forster (type A. ftiscipea Forst.)- 
 
 12. Head very broad, much wider than the thorax, the occiput concave ; metanotum with a median carina 
 
 connected with a transverse carina iil apex, the spiracles in depressions, large and oval. 
 
 Entedon Dalman (type E. cyanellus Dalm.). 
 
 Head not so broad, not or scarcely wider than the thorax ; metanotum with a delicate median carina 
 
 connected with a transverse carina before the apex, the same a little curved on each side from the 
 
 apex of the median carina, the spiracles small, short oval or rounded Derostenus Westwood 
 
 (type D. gemmeus Westw.). 
 
 13. AutenniB short and strongly clavate, the fiiiiicle 2-joiuted, the club large, 3-jointed. 
 
 Funicle joints neither small nor annular, distinctly separated ; pedicel not large, much narrower 
 
 than the first joint of funicle Rhopalotus Forster (type Elachertug cothurnatus Ratzeb.). 
 
 Funicle joints very minute, annular, and closely united with the club ; pedicel large. 
 
 Chrysoatomus Ashmead, g. nov. (type C. zealandicus Ashm.). 
 
 14. Scutellum with two longitudinal grooved lines 15 
 
 Scutellum without longitudinal grooved lines, or at the most with a median grooved line 19 
 
 15. Antenme 10-jointed or less, with only one ring-joint 16 
 
 Antenn;e 10-joiuted with two ring joints Uroentedon Ashmead. 
 
 16. Head abnormal, viewed from in front, very short and twice as wide as long, or even wider ; stigmal 
 
 vein long 17 
 
 Head normal, viewed from iu front, not or scarcely wider than long 19 
 
 17. Eyes pubescent ; wings with a subfuscous discal cloud but not banded ; pronotum rounded before. 18 
 Eyes bare ; wings with two transverse fuscous bands ; pronotum conical. 
 
 Antennpe very long, 10-jointed, the joints of the funicle globose at base, longly petiolate at apex, 
 with whorls of long hairs on the basal portion ; sometimes also with short branches on the 
 first three joints of funicle Hoplocrepis Ashmead. 
 
 18. Antennaj long, 10-jointed, as in Hoplocrepis. 
 
 Metanotum without a median carina Eulophopteryx Ashmead. 
 
 Metanotum with a median carina Iiophocomus Haliday. 
 
 19. Scutellum ivith a median longitudinal grooved Hue 20 
 
 Scutellum without a median longitudinal grooved line 21 
 
 20. Antenna' 10-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints rather longer, pedicellate at apex, the club 3-jointed. 
 
 Holcopeltoideus Ashmead. 
 Antenna' 9-j<iinted, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints oval, very briefly jjcdicellate, the club 2-jointed. 
 
 Horismenus Walker. 
 
 21. Antennic 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, or less than O-jointed 22 
 
 Antennic 10-jointed, with a ring-joiut, the funicle 4-jointed, the joints oblong, very briefly pedicellate, 
 
 or loo.sely joined, the club 3-jointed, the last joint represented by a little spur. 
 
 Metanotum not short, with lateral carina? and a median carina ; abdomen short oval, the second 
 segment occupying nearly half the whole surface, the following segments after the third very 
 short Pleurotropis Forster. 
 
 22. Antenufe 8 jointed or less 25 
 
 Antennic 9-jointed. 
 
 Metathorax smooth, without lateral carinic 23 
 
 Metathorax with latei-al carina', the median carina also usually liresent. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OV TITK CIIALCII) KI.IKS 343 
 
 Flagellum short, stout, subclavate, the fmiicle li-Jointed, Joints 2 and :? not lonjfor than 
 thick, the chib stouter, ovate Mestocharis Kinster. 
 
 23. Scutelhiin never smooth, always jMuictate, scaly-punctate or reticulate; metanotum more or less t^lia- 
 
 greened or punctate 24 
 
 Scutellum always smooth, inipunctate ; metanotum smooth, not sculi)lure(l. 
 
 Flagellum subfiliform, much stouter than the small pedicel, tlie f'unicle 3-jointed, the joints 
 loosely joined or briefly pedicellate, postmarginal vein short Asecodes Filrster. 
 
 24. Flagellum filiform, the funicle 3-jointed. 
 
 Metanotum with a transverse carina at apex ; postmarginal vein short Entedon Dalman, 
 
 Metanotum with a tranverse carina a little before the ape.x ; postmarginal vein long. 
 
 Derostenus West wood. 
 
 25. Antenna; short, strongly elavate, pubescent. 
 
 Pedicel not large, narrower than the first joint of the funicle Rhopalotus Forster. 
 
 Pedicel very large, stouter than the first joint of the funicle Chrysoatomus Ashmead. 
 
 Tribe IV. Pediohind. 
 
 In this tribe are found some of tlie smallest members of the subfaniily. It is 
 distinguished fi'om the other tribes by having the mesonotal furrows ineoiiii)lete or 
 wholly wanting, at the most indicated by a slight depression posteriorly, Init not by 
 grooved lines. In the other tribes the mesonotal or parapsidal furrows are usually 
 complete and always sharply defined, the mesonotum being distinctly trilobed. 
 
 All of the species falling in this group, or tribe, are, I think, hyperparasites and 
 attack other members of the Entedon'mac, as well as members of other groups, and 
 more particularly species in the Eidoj^hiniv ; they are the cannibals of the Enhplwhv, 
 since they attack and devour almost any member of the family, the species of the 
 genus Eulophus particularly being most frequently devoured by them. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 8 
 
 2. Abdomen sessile or subse.ssile, the petiole very short 3 
 
 Abdomen distinctly petiolate. 
 
 Head lenticular, wider than the thorax ; abdomen' conically pointed, the second segment large, 
 occupying most of the surface ; antenna' 8-jointed (or <J-jointed with a ring-joint), the funicle 
 3-jointed, the joints oval, loosely joined or subpedunculate ; postmarginal vein very short. 
 
 Paracrias Ashmead, g. nov. (type P. laticeps Ashm.). 
 
 3. Ovipositor not exserted ' 4 
 
 Ovipositor exserted, the length of the abdomen. 
 
 Wings with long marginal cilia, the postmarginal vein long, the stigmal vein short ; head trans- 
 verse ; antennsB? (broken, probably 8-jointed) Uroderostenus Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type U. plriiralis Ashm.). 
 
 4. Wings with long marginal cilia ."> 
 
 Wings with short marginal cilia 6 
 
 5. Marginal vein very long. 
 
344 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEOIE MUSEUM 
 
 Stigmal vein Ion;; ; iuitcnuce S-jointed (or 9-jointecl with a liiiR-joint), the funicle 3-joiiited, the 
 
 joints longer than thick Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (tyi]e Eiilophus aiiripunclatus Ashm.). 
 
 Stigmal vein short ; anteniise 9-jointed, with a ring-joint, the flagellum filiform, tapering off at 
 
 apex, and furnished with long, sparse hairs, the funicle 3-jointed ; abdomen long, coni-c-ovatc. 
 
 Ametallon Ashmead, g. nov. (type A. chapadse Ashm.). 
 
 G. AntenniB 7-jointed (or 8-jointed with a ring-joint), if 9-jointed the head not especially large 7 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint) ; head large, wider than the thorax. 
 
 Flagellum slendei-, filiform, clothed with some long, sparse hairs, the funicle and club each 3- 
 jointed ; head large, much wider than the thorax ; wings with one or two fuscous fasciae ; ab- 
 domen conic-ovate, the second segment occupying scarcely half the whole surface. 
 
 Acrias Walker (type A. nileus Walker). 
 
 7. Stigmal vein usually very short, the knob sessile or subsessile. 
 
 Thorax and scutellum smooth, impunctate ; antennae 8-jointed, with a ring-joint, not tapering 
 toward apex, the joints of the funicle submoniliform. 
 
 Pediobius Walker (type Entedon cwdicius Walk.). 
 Thorax and scutellum with a scaly puuctation ; antennae 9-jointed with a ring-joint, tapering off 
 at apex, the joints of the funicle not submoniliform. 
 
 Nesomyia Ashmead, g. nov. (type N. alhipes Ashm.). 
 
 8. Abdomen sessile or subsessile 9 
 
 Abdomen distinctly petiolate. 
 
 Antennae 9-jointed with one ring-joint Paracrias Ashmead. 
 
 9. Wings with short marginal cilia 10 
 
 Wings with long marginal cilia. 
 
 Stigmal vein short. 
 
 Non-metallic Ametallon Ashmead. 
 
 Metallic Uroderostenus Ashmead. 
 
 Stigmal vein long Chrysonotomyia Ashmead. 
 
 10. Antennfc 8-jointed (or 9-jointed with a ring-joint) Acrias Walker. 
 
 Antenme 7-jointed (or 8-jointed with a ring-joint) Pediobius Walker. 
 
 Subfamily II. Aphelinin.e. 
 1856. Myinoidie, Familie, 3, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 18, 21 and 30. 
 1875. Aphelinina, Tribus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., pp. 12, 183. 
 1886. AphelinincTe, Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 198. 
 1897. Aphelininte, Subfamily, IE., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, I\'., p. 230. 
 
 Many authorities have treated this group as allied to the Encijiiidir, and usually 
 place it next to that family, with which it has no affinity whatever. It is clearly a 
 component of the EalophkJx, where Dalman first placed it, as is shown by the 
 structural characters of the mesothorax. 
 
 An excellent reversion of the group has been given by Dr. L. O. Howard, in 
 Technical Series No. 1. U. S. Department of Agriculture, where most of the genera 
 have been fully descriljed and figured. 
 
ASHMEAD: classification of the CHALCIl) FLIES 345 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 Tarsi 5-jointed Tribe I. Apheliniui. 
 
 Tarsi 4-jointed Tribe II. Pteroptricini. 
 
 Tkh-.e 1. Ajiliciiniiii. 
 The five-ioiuted tarsi distinguish the tribe. The majority of the species con- 
 fine their attacks to various genera of scale-insects, or bark-lice, belonging to the 
 family Coccuhi'. A few, however, in the genus Aphelinus, while usually bred from 
 Coccidx, also attack plant-lice belonging to the family A2jhididi)s. All the species, 
 except probably the latter, which may be hyperpai-asitic on some Encyrdnse, are sup- 
 posed to be primary parasites, and are of the greatest importance in destroying the 
 
 destructive Ijark-lice (Cbccufe). 
 
 table of genera. 
 
 1. Females 
 
 Males^ 19 
 
 2. Wingless forms 1^ 
 
 Winged. 
 
 Front wings ivith a bairless oblique line extending from the marginal vein towards the base of 
 
 the wing ; anteunse 5- or 6-jointed 12 
 
 EYont wings without such a line. 
 
 Antenme 8-jointed ' 3 
 
 Antenufe 3-jointed H 
 
 3. Club of antennae 3-jointed ■* 
 
 CluT) of antennae 1- or 2-jointed 8 
 
 4. Wings with a short marginal fringe '^ 
 
 Wings with a long marginal fringe " 
 
 5. Stigmal vein short but distinct, always present. 
 
 Marginal vein as long as, or longer than, the subcostal vein C> 
 
 Marginal vein much shorter than the subcostal vein. 
 
 Prospalta Howard (type /'. murtfeldti How.). 
 
 6. Flagellum strongly compressed, the first joint of the funicle about twice as long as the pedicel, the 
 
 following shortening ; hind tibi:e flat, with short stiff bristles behind. 
 
 Aneristus Howard (type A. ceroplastx How.). 
 Flagellum not compressed, subcyliiidrical, the first joint of funicle not twice as long as the pedicel . 
 hind tibia normal, without short, .still' bristles behind. 
 
 Coccophagus Westwood (type C. jmlchellus Westw.). 
 
 7. Stigmal vein absent Aspidiotiphagus Howard (type Coccophagust citrinus Craw.). 
 
 8. Club of antennae 2-jointed ^ 
 
 Club of antennte 1-jointed 1^ 
 
 9. Abdomen, seen from above, short, oval, depressed, beneath boat-shaped or carinate ; hind tibiae nor- 
 
 mal Encarsia Foi-ster (type E. tricolor Forst.). 
 
 Abdomen, seen from above, subovate, flat, beneath subcouvex ; hind tibiae behind armed with stiff 
 
 bristles Myiocnema Ashmead (type M. comperci Ashm.). 
 
 10. Abdomen short, depressed, not l)oat-shapod beneath, ending in a prominent ovipositor. 
 
 Ablerus Howard (type Centrobia disiocampx Ashm.). 
 
346 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 11. Front wings with long marginal cilia, dusky on basal half; club, or terminal Joint of the 3-jointed 
 
 antennse, very long Thysanus Ilaliday (type T. nter Hal.). 
 
 12. Antennse 6-jointed 1.3 
 
 AnteuniB 5-joiuted 17 
 
 13. Antennie witb the three joints before the club unequal in lengtli 14 
 
 Autennie with the three joints before the club equal in length Mesidia Forster. 
 
 14. Ovipositor prominently exserted 15 
 
 Ovipositor not at all, or at most only slightly, exserted ; wings hyaline Aphelinus Dalman 
 
 (type Eiitcdon abdomhialis Dalm.). 
 
 15. Wings not wholly hyaline, maculate, or with rounded fuscous spots 16 
 
 Wings hyaline ; with a brown band ; post-scutellum abnormal, extending to the base of the abdomen ; 
 
 ovipositor prominent, J the length of the abdomen Centrodora Forster (type C. amvena Forst.). 
 
 16. Wings hyaline, with rounded, fuscous spots Marietta Motschulsky (type M. leopardina Motsch.). 
 
 Wings strongly maculate, with broad irregular fuscous bands and spots of a peculiar pattern. 
 
 Perissopterus Howard (type Aphelinus pulchellus How.). 
 
 17. Ovipositor exserted ; mandibles 3-dentate Physcus Howard (type Coccophayus varicornis How.). 
 
 18. Antenna; 6-jointed Aphelinus Dalman. 
 
 19. Front wings with a hairless oblique line ; antennse 5- or 6-jointed 25 
 
 Front wings without such a line. 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed 20 
 
 Antennte 3-jointed. 
 
 Wings with long marginal cilia Thysanus Haliday. 
 
 20. Front wings with the marginal cilia short 21 
 
 Front wings with the marginal cilia long 23 
 
 21. Marginal vein much shorter than the subcostal vein 22 
 
 Marginal vein as long as or longer than the subcostal vein Coccophagus Westwood. 
 
 22. Hind tibise not armed with stiff bristles behind Prospalta Howard. 
 
 Hind tibiie armed with stiff bristles behind Myiocnema Ashniead. 
 
 23. Front wings broadly rounded at apex, the stigmal vein present 24 
 
 Front wings narrowed and pointed at apex, the stigmal vein absent Aspidiotiphagus Howard. 
 
 24. Unknown Ablerus Howard. 
 
 Encarsia Forster. 
 
 2.5. Antennte 6-jointed 26 
 
 Antennse 5-jointed. 
 
 26. Antennae with the three joints before the club of an unequal length 27 
 
 Antennse with the three joints before the club of an equal length Mesidia Forster. 
 
 27. Wings not wholly hyaline 28 
 
 Wings wholly hyaline Aphelinus Dalman. 
 
 28. Wings with rounded fuscous spots or strongly maculate with fuscous bands and inegular spots, ... 29 
 Wings hyaline except a fuscous band Centrodora Forster. 
 
 29. Wings with rounded fuscous spots Marietta Motschulsky. 
 
 Wings strongly maculate with broad irregular fuscous bands and spots of a peculiar pattern. 
 
 Perissoptenis Howard. 
 
ashmkad: {'Lassikication of the chalcid flies 347 
 
 Tribe II. PtcroiJtricini. 
 
 This tril)e is separated from tlie former V)y having 4-jointe<l tarsi, not five. It 
 forms a transition, or a connecting hnk, between the subfamiHes Aphel ini )iir Sind the 
 Tctnisfccliiinr, some of its nienibers are easily mistaken for some of those of the 
 hitter. 
 
 The very short, or nearly obsolete, stigmal vein, and the absence of the meso- 
 sternal fuiTow, will, however, readily distinguish them. 
 
 The species attack iirinciitally tlie mealy-winged plant-lice, family Afciinididw. 
 
 TABLK OF UENEKA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. AnteniKC S jointed, normal, the last joint very short. Pteroptrix Westwood (type P. dimidiala Westw.). 
 Antennic S-joioted, with 2 minute ring-joints, the last joint, or the club, greatly lengthened. 
 
 Eretmocera Haldeman (type E. corni Haldeman.). 
 
 3. Antennse 8-jointed Pteroptrix Westwood. 
 
 Antenna 3-jointed (or 4-jointed with a ring-joint), the last joint very long. Eretmocera Haldeman. 
 
 SuiiFAMiLY III. Tetrastich IN. E. 
 1(S56. Tetrastichoida\ I'aniilie 21, Forster, Hym. Stnd., II,, pp, 26 and 83. 
 1878. Tetrastichina, Tiibus, Thomson, Hym. Skand., \'., p. 180. 
 1886. Tetrastichina% Subfamily, Howard, Ent. Amer., I., p. 199 ; II., p. 98. 
 1897. Tetrastichinte, Subfamily 111., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 
 p. 249. 
 This sulifamily is closely allied to the Aphcliniir.r, and some of the smaller 
 species falling in it, are easily confused with many in the ApJicliu'mi, if attention is 
 not given to the difference in the length of the stigmal vein. 
 
 TABLE OF TKIBIOS. 
 
 .Vbdomeii distinctly petiolatc ; hind wings witha hjng, clavat,' marginal vein Tribe 1. Ceratoneurini. 
 
 Abdomen .sessile or subsessile ; hind wings with a slender marginal vein Tril)e II. Tetrasticbiui. 
 
 TkiI!E I. Cfniloiiinrini. 
 Tiu' distinctly petiolatc abdomen, and the long clavale mnrginnl vein in the hind 
 wings, found in no other ti-il)e will distingnisii the triiie at a glance. 
 Only one genus is known : 
 
 Antenna' lO-jointed, with two ring-joints; lace witli sti-ia' converging towards the mouth. 
 
 Ceratoneura .Vsbmead (type ('. iirlioUda Ashm.). 
 
 Tiu he 1 1. TclraMidi in i. 
 The sessile or subsi'ssile abdomen, and the difference in the ventition of the hind 
 wings ,se])arate tills tribe from the C'l-raloiicKriui. The scutellum lias usually /oh/- 
 
348 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 longitudinal grooved lines, rarely fire, but never lens than tuv Icjngitudinal grooved 
 lines. 
 
 The species falling in this group are not restricted in their liabits, but attack 
 nearly all orders of insects. They have been bred, according to the records, from 
 the larva? of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Neurop- 
 tera, Odonata, etc., and appear to be both primary and secondary parasites. 
 
 The vast majority of them, however, appear to be primary parasites upon the 
 gall-making or gall-inhabiting insects in the Orders Diptera, Hymenoptera an'd 
 Coleoptera. 
 
 The curious, and in some respects anomalous, genus Mclittohia Westwood is para- 
 sitic in the nests of bees and wasps, and is said to attack not only these insects but 
 also other hymenopterous parasites of the bees and the wasps, i. e., Monodontomerus, 
 etc. In this c(juntry species have been bred from the nests of bees and wasps, just 
 as in Europe, but here we have podtive evidence that they came from the puparium 
 of a Dipteron, and I have, therefore, my doubts as to the genus being a primary 
 parasite of bees and wasps. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 13 
 
 2. Mesonotum wilhont a median grooved line 3 
 
 Mesonotum with a median grooved line 7 
 
 3. Pronotum transverse, not conical, or .subquadrate or rounded anteriorly 4 
 
 Pronotum long, conical. 
 
 Aiitennse 9-jointed, inserted near the mouth l)ordcr ; abdomen longer than the head and tliorax 
 
 united, subcompressed, the ventral valve prominent Melittobia Westwood 
 
 (type Cirronpiliis acasia Walk.). 
 
 4. Antennte 9-jointed, with one ring-joint. 6 
 
 Antenn.-e 10-jointed, with too ring-joints. 
 
 Abdomen very long, conically produced, two or more times longer than head and thorax 
 
 united 6 
 
 Abdomen not long, either ovate or conic-ovate and not or rarely much longer than the head 
 and thorax united. 
 
 Abdomen above depressed or concave, never cylindrical, either carinate or convex be 
 
 neath, polished, the segments not subequal Tetrastichodes Ashmead 
 
 (type T. floriilanus Ashm.). 
 
 Abdomen cylindrical, convex above, never depressed, shagreened or punctate, never 
 
 smooth, the segments subequal ; funicle joints cylindrical, at least twice as long as 
 
 thick Trichoporus Fcirster (type unknown). 
 
 /). Metanotum usually very short, with a A-shaped median carina, each fork diverging towards the lateral 
 
 hiiid angle, more rarely with a straight median carina Hyperteles Forster 
 
 (type Euluphus clongahia Forster). 
 
ashmead: classification of tiik (Iiai-cid fliks 349 
 
 G. Seutc'Uum with two longitudinal grooved lines ; hind wings acutely pointed ; front wings with a long 
 
 marginal fringe Gyrolasia Forster (type Iteroplrir mrnes Walk.). 
 
 Scutellum with /our longitudinal grooved lines ; hind wings not acutely pointed. 
 
 Head and thorax smooth or nearly, at the most only sparsely punctate, metanotum .smooth, 
 with a delicate median carina ; abdomen rotund or broadly oval, shorter than the thorax but 
 
 wider Syntomosphyrum FiJrster (type Eulophus cyclogaster Katz.). 
 
 Head and thorax shagrcened or jjunctate, as well as the abdomen ; metanotum punctate ; 
 abdomen rather long, cylindrical, the segments subequal Trichoporus Forster (partim). 
 
 7. Scape of antenmc normal, neither greatly thickened nor dilated 8 
 
 Scape of antenn;c abnormal, enormously enlarged, or dilated ; antennic O-jointed with onr ring-joint, 
 
 the funicle 4-jointed. 
 
 Front wings with a long marginal fringe; funicle joints short, moniliform. .. .Ceranisus Walker 
 
 (type a iHWin-itw Walk). 
 Front wings with a short marginal fringe ; funicle joints longer than thick. Baryscapus Forster 
 
 (type unknown). 
 
 8. Antenuie 10-jointed, with two ring-joints, the funicle 3-joiuted, the club ovate, 3-jointed 9 
 
 Antenuje 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, or less than 9-jointed 10 
 
 9. Abdomen ovate or conic-ovate, rarely, although sometimes, gi-eatly lengthened and conically produced 
 
 as in HyperMeg Tetrastichus Haliday (type Eulophus miser 'Sees). 
 
 10. Antenna; 9-jointed, with one ring-joint 11 
 
 AntennjB 8-jointed, with one ring-joint 12 
 
 11. Front legs normal, the tibiiE and tarsi long and slender; pronotum not long, rounded before, hardly 
 
 half the length of the mesonotum ; abdomen much elongate, conically produced, subcompressed, with 
 
 usually a prominent ovipositor ; funicle joints much longer than thick Aprostocerus Westwood 
 
 (type .1. caurliiliis Wesiw.). 
 Front legs abnormal, much swollen, the tibiic short and thick ; pronotum large, transverse quadrate, 
 nearly as long as the mesonotum, the front angles a little rounded ; body of abdomen oblong, de- 
 pressed, not longer than the head aiul thorax united, the ovipositor prominent but not longer than 
 half the length of tin- al)domen ; funicle joints short, not longer than thick, sometimes a little wider 
 than long Crataepus Forster (type C. agrisgranensis Forst.). 
 
 12. Abdomen ovate, the ovipositor hidden. 
 
 Antenna; very short, clavate, the pedicel obcouic, lliickcr anil longer than the (irst two joints 
 of the funicle united, which are small, quadnite ; wings with a long marginal fringe. 
 
 Pentastichus Ashmead (type P. xanlbopus Ashm.). 
 
 13. ]\Iesonotum wHIkikI a median grooved line 14 
 
 Mesonotum wilh a median grooved line 21 
 
 14. Species fully winged lo 
 
 Apterous or subapterous. 
 
 Pronotum long, conical ; antenna' il-jointed, inserted close to the mouth, the scape long, 
 broadly dilated towai-ds apex, the pedicel and first funicle joint dilated, the funicle 
 joints 2-4 small, transvcree, the club ovate, 3-jointed Melittobia Wcstw. 
 
 15. Antenna' !l-jointcd with one ring-joint Hi 
 
 Antennic 8-jointed or less 20 
 
 16. Front wings with a short marginal fringe, the hind wings not acutely pointed at apex 17 
 
 Front wings with a long marginal fringe, the hind wings acutely pointed at apex. Gyrolasia Forster. 
 
350 MK>rOIRS OF THE CARXKGTE MUSEUM 
 
 17. Abdomen short oval, or rotuud, shorter than the thorax 19 
 
 Abdomen elongate, conic-ovate or conical, fully as long as, or longer than, the thorax. 
 
 Metanotum not punctate, the abdomen neither cylindrical nor sculptured, the segments not 
 subequal, the head and thorax smooth, not strongly sculptured or closely punctate IS 
 
 Metanotum very short and punctate, the abdomen cylindrical, sculptured, the segments short, 
 subequal, the head and thorax closely punctate or strongly sculptured... Triclioporus Fiirster. 
 
 18. Metanotum very short, smooth, and often without a median carina ; if the median carina is present it 
 
 is united with a transverse apical carina ; abdomen not longer than the thorax. 
 
 Tetrastichodes Ashmead. 
 
 Metanotum short, with a ^-shaped median carina ; abdomen very long, conieally produced, much 
 
 longer than the thorax Hyperteles Forster. 
 
 19. Species small and short, black or at most jcneous black, the abdomen rotund, never ovate or conieally 
 
 pointed Syntomosphyrum Furster. 
 
 20. Antennae 8-jointed, without a ring-joint. 
 
 Abdomen ovate or conieally pointed. 
 
 Abdomen short rotund Syntomosphyrum Forster (partim). 
 
 Abdomen not short, ovate, or conic ovate Tetrastichodes Ashmead (partim). 
 
 21. Scape of antennae normal, neither greatly thickened nor dilated 22 
 
 Scape of antennse enormously enlarged or dilated. 
 
 Front wings with a long marginal fringe ; flagellum liliform, slender, with a short pubescence. 
 
 Ceranisus Walker. 
 Front wings with a short marginal fringe Baryscapus Forster. 
 
 22. Antennre 9-jointed, with one ring-joint 23 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed, with one ring-joint 25 
 
 23. Front legs swollen, their tibise short 24 
 
 Front legs normal, their tibise not short. 
 
 Flagellum long, with long sparse hairs. Tetrasticlius Haliday. 
 
 Flagellum not especially long, without long spar.se hairs ; metanotum smooth, without a median 
 carina . Aprostocerus Westwood. 
 
 24. Pronotum transverse quadrate, not short; abdomen oval, shorter than the thorax... Crataepus Forster. 
 2.">. Flagellum clavate, hairy, the funicle 2-jointed, the joints transverse ; pronotum very short ; abdomen 
 
 ovate, not longer than the thorax Pentastichus Ashmead. 
 
 Snil AMILY IV. Elachektix.1-.. 
 1856. ElachistoicUe, Family 18 (partim), FOrster, Hym. Stud., 11., pp. 19, 26 and 72. 
 1875. Elachistina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., \'., p. 180. 
 1886. Elachistinte, Suljfamily (partim), Howard, I-^nt. Amer., I., p. 198; II., p. 99. 
 1897. Eulophinte, Subfamily IV. (partim), Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV., p. 
 249. 
 This subfamily is based upon the genus Klaclicrtiis Spinola, established in 1811. 
 Walker changed it to Elachcdus which held sway until 1856, when Foi-ster changed 
 it to Elaclusta.% making it the type of his family Elachutoidx. I restore the original 
 spelling of th" genus and call the subfamily K/(irJiertiii;r. The continual change in 
 
ASIIMEAD : CLASSIFICATTOX OF THE CITAI.Cin FIJKS 351 
 
 the spelling of long-estaljlished genera is most annoying, confusing and difficult to 
 follow and I hold, with many other zoologists, that the only way to free ourselves 
 from these perplexities is to adhere strictly to the original spelling and to treat all 
 genera incorrectly formed as mere comhinations of letters without special signifi- 
 cance, hi no other way can we secure permanency in nomenclature. 
 
 All the species falling in this suhfamily are apparently parasitic only upon the 
 larvas of Lepidoptera, and more especially upon various families in the suborder 
 Heterocera, particularly those belonging to the families Bnvibycith', Noduidic, Geo- 
 m,etrid;v and Tortricidiv. 
 
 Four minor groups, or tril)es, have been recognized, distinguished by the num- 
 ber and length of the iiiiid tibial .spurs. 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 1. Hiinl tibiii! with only one apical spur 2 
 
 Hind tibiiu with two apical spurs. 
 
 Hind tibial spurs very long ; prouotum anteriorly acute Tribe I. Enplectrini. 
 
 Hind tibial spurs normal, never very long; prouotum anteriorly rounded. .Tribe II. Opheliniui. 
 
 2. Hind tibial spur normal, rarely very long Trilie III. Elachertini. 
 
 Tribe I. Euplecfrini. 
 
 This tribe is easily separated from the others by the two very long apical si)urs 
 of the hind tibia', the inner spur being very nearly as long as the basal joint of the 
 tarsi. 
 
 Although parasitic upon lepidopterous larvic, like the other tribes, it differs 
 widely from the others, whose habits are known, in that the larva' arc cither ex- 
 ternal feeders, or on reaching maturity, gnaw their Avay out of their host and spin 
 small silk cocoons, like some of the Braconidii', within which they pupate and un- 
 dergo their final transformation. All of the others either pupate as naked pupa', 
 without a cocoon, within the body of their hosts, or emerge and attach themselves 
 to the under or upper side of a leaf, or else conceal themselves in some convenient 
 crevice or under loose l)ark. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. Scape in both sexes normal, slender; postniarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal vein. 
 
 Euplectrus Westwood (type Picromalus bicolor Swederus). 
 Scape in male abnormally eidarged, swollen ; postniarginal vein not longer than the stigmal. 
 
 Pachyscapha Howard (tyjie P. iimilaris How.). 
 
 3. Scape of anteuuto normal Euplectrus Westwood. 
 
 Scape of antenna' enormously enlarged Pachyscapha Howard. 
 
352 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 TiUEE II. OpheUnini. 
 
 The much shorter liiiid til)i;il spurs separate this tribe from the Euphctrim. 
 The pronotum is also different, moi-e rounded anteriorly, and the hind c()x;t? are not 
 so much swollen. 
 
 It is difficult sometimes to tell whether or not the abdomen is petiolate or ses- 
 sile, and in two or three cases I have been compelled to j^ut certain genera in both 
 categories, the petiole being so short as to give the abdomen tlie apjiearaiice of being 
 sessile. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 14 
 
 2. Abdomen distinctly petiolate 3 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile 11 
 
 3. Scutellum with tivo dorsal grooved lines 4 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 9 
 
 4. Body metallic 5 
 
 Body not metallic 10 
 
 5. Eyes bare, not pubescent 8 
 
 Eyes pubescent ; antennae 9-jointed G 
 
 6. Abdomen ovate or oblong-oval, shorter than the thorax 7 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate, not shorter than the thorax, the second segment large ; funicle 4-jointed, the 
 
 joints cylindrical, longer than thick ; metathorax produced into a subglobose neck. 
 Scutellum with a median grooved line ; me.sothoracic furrows distinct. 
 
 Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. (type Diglyphvs maculipennis Ashm.). 
 Scutellum without a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows very delicate although complete, 
 
 appearing incomplete without the aid of a strong leus Ardalus Howard 
 
 (type A. aciculaius How.). 
 
 7. Antennai 9-jointed, the fuuicle 4-jointed, subcompressed, joints 3-4 wider than long ; scutellum without 
 
 grooved lines ; . .Leucodesmia Howard (type L. typica Howard). 
 
 AutenuiE 10-jointed, the funicle joints longer than wide. 
 
 Scutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines Elachertomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type E. flaviecps Ashm.). 
 
 8. Antenna; 10-joiuted, the funicle 4 jointed, the joints loosely joined ; abdomen globose, the petiole long, 
 
 slender ; scutellum with two grooved lines Stenomesius Westwood. 
 
 Antennse 10-jointed, with one ring-joint 10 * 
 
 9. Antennae 9-jointed with two ring-joints 10 
 
 Antennse 9-jointed, with one ring-joint ; the flinicle 4-jointed, eyes pubescent ; funicle joiuts compressed, 
 
 joints 3-4 wider than long ; abdomen oval or ovate, shorter than the thorax Leucodesmia Howard 
 
 (type L. typica How.). 
 10. Aiitenme 9-jointed. 
 
 Pronotum campanulate ; pedicel long, obconic. Miotropis Thomson (type M. siilcicris Thorns.). 
 
 Pronotum quadrate ; pedicel not long Dichotomus Forster (type D. accriinis Forst.). 
 
 10*. Body of abdomen ovate as long or longer than the thorax, the petiole very short. 
 
 Sympiesomorpha Ashmead. g. nov. (type S. hrdsiliensis Ashm.). 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIFICATION OK T!IF, CHAI.CID FLTKS 353 
 
 Body of abdomen subglobose or ovate, much shorter than the thorax, the petiole usually loiif;. 
 
 Stenomesius Westwood (tyi)e Ichneumon riifescenx Rossi). 
 
 11. Scutellum with two dorsal {frooved lines 12 
 
 Scutelluin without dorsal grooved lines 13 
 
 12. Antennie Djointed. 
 
 Metallic ; scutelluin with a median grooved line ; eyes pubescent. 
 
 Diglyphomorpha Ashmead (partim). 
 Antennae 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle -1-joiated, the club ;j-jointed. 
 
 Non-metallic ; metathorax with a median carina ; marginal vein as long as or a little longer than 
 the submarginal, the stigmal vein only about one third the length of the marginal. 
 
 Alophus Ashmead, g. nov. (type A. flavus Ashm.). 
 Autennie 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the club not thickened, tibial spurs short. 
 
 Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. brasiliensis Ashm.). 
 
 13. Antenme 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the club thickened, 3-jointed ; tibial spurs long. 
 
 Ophelinus Haliday (type Eulophus ursidius Walk.). 
 
 14. Abdomen distinctly petiolate 15 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile 22 
 
 15. Scutellum with two dorsal gi'ooved lines 16 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines- 21 
 
 16. Body metallic 17 
 
 Body not metallic 19 
 
 17. Eyes bare, not pubescent 20 
 
 Eyes pubescent. 
 
 Antenna?, 9-jointed with one ring-joint - 18 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 IS. Scutellum with a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrow.s very distinct. Diglyphomorpha Ashm. 
 Scutellum without a median grooved line ; mesothoracic furrows very delicate.. .. Ardalus Howard. 
 
 19. Antennse 9-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the club ovate, 2-jointed, the flagellum 
 
 compressed, the joints of the funicle excised at apex above.. Leucodesmia Howard. 
 
 20. Antennae 10-jointed, with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed, the club 3-jointed, the funicle with 3 
 
 branches Teleogmus Forster. 
 
 21. Antenna; 9-jointed, with two ring-joints. 
 
 Prouotum campanulate Miotropis Thomson. 
 
 Pronotum quadrate Dichotomus Foreter. 
 
 22. Scutellum uith 2 dorsal grooved lines 23 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 25 
 
 23. AntenuiB lOjointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-joiuted, the club 3-jointed 24 
 
 Anteuuaj 9-jointed, w-ith one ring-joint, the funicle 3-joiuted. 
 
 Metallic ; scutellum with a median grooved line Diglyphomorpha Ashmead. 
 
 24. Non-metallic. 
 
 Abdomen with a very short petiole Alophus .A.shmcad. 
 
 Abdomen with a long petiole Stenomesius Westwood. 
 
 25. Antennae 9-jointed Ophelinus Haliday. 
 
354 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Tribe III. Elachertiid. 
 This tribe may be at once recognized from the two tribes previously defined by 
 the hind tibite having only one apical spur ; otherwise it is scarcely distinguishable 
 from the OpheUnini, many genera falling in it being easily confused with some in 
 that tribe. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 14 
 
 2. Abdomen distinctly petiolate 3 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile 5 
 
 3. Scutellum with two dorsal grooved lines. 
 
 Body neither wholly black or wholly metallic, more or less yellow or marked with yellow... 4 
 
 Body metallic or wholly black ; abdomen ovate, hardly as long as the thorax, or rounded ; 
 
 antennte 9-jointed (or 10-jointed, with one ring-joint), the fuuicle 4-jointed, the joints not or 
 
 very little longer than thick Elachertus Spinola (type E. abdominalis Spinola). 
 
 4. Abdomen conic-ovate, barely longer than the thorax ; antennfe 10-jointed with one ring-joint, the 
 
 funicle 4-jointed, the joints long, loosely joined, the club 3-jointed, marginal vein very long. 
 
 5. Scutellum with two dorsal grooved lines 6 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 9 
 
 6. Head, viewed from in front, wider than long and not especially thin antero-posteriorly 7 
 
 Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, and very thin antero-posteriorly 8 
 
 7. Body not metallic, the head and thorax marked with yellow. 
 
 Antennaj 9-joiuted, with one ring-joint, the pedicel much longer than wide, the funicle 3-jointed, 
 
 subcompressed, the club 3-jointed. . ..Cirrospilus Westwood (type C. elegantissimus Westw.). 
 
 Antennae 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the pedicel short, only a little longer than thick, the 
 
 funicle 4-jointed, the club 3-jointed, Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type Miotropis platynotie Howard). 
 
 Body metallic ; antennae 10-jointed, with ojie ring-joint, the pedicel longer than wide, the funicle 4- 
 
 jointed, joints 2-4 not longer than thick Elachertus Spinola (partim). 
 
 8. Antenme 8-jointed, without a ring-joint or 9-jointed with a ring-joint, the pedicel not much longer than 
 
 wide, the flagellum .subcompressed ; body striped or banded with black lines ; wings banded or macu- 
 late Zagrammosoma Ashmead n. n. (type Hippocejihalus multilineata Ashm.). 
 
 9. Antennce 8-jointed or less 10 
 
 Antennae 9-jointed or more 12 
 
 10. Funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed 11 
 
 Funicle 2-jointed, the joints subpeduuculate, the club ovate, 3-jointed. 
 
 Middle lobe of the mesonotum longer than wide ; metathorax very short, the apical lateral 
 
 angles subacute ; abdomen oblong-oval, depressed Scotolinx Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 (type S. gaUicola Ashm.). 
 
 11. Mesonotum a little longer than wide ; abdomen conic-ovate Olynx Forster 
 
 (type Ichneumon gallarum L.). 
 
 Mesonotum a little wider than long ; abdomen oval or ovate Parolynx Ashmead 
 
 (type P. lineatifrons Ashm.). 
 
 12. Antennae 10-jointed, with one ring-joint 13 
 
ashmead: classification of the chaloid flies 355 
 
 Anteniifc 9-joiuted, with one riugjoint. 
 
 Non-nietallic, usually yellowish, or the thorax more or less yellow ; scutellum with 4 bristles ; 
 jn-ouotum campanulate ; abdomeu ovate or conic-ovate Cirrospilus Westwood (partim). 
 
 13. Metallic in part; mesonotum not longer than the scutellum; abdomen broadly rounded, depressed, 
 
 and a little shorter than the thorax Rhicnopelte Forster (type B. fulvivenlris Forster). 
 
 Non-metallic ; mesonotum long ; abdomen elongate oval or ovate, usually pointed at apex .and longer 
 than the thorax Stenomesioidea Ashmead, g. nov. (type S. mellea Ashm.). 
 
 14. Abdomen distinctly petiolate 15 
 
 Abdomen sessile or .subsessile 17 
 
 15. Scutellum with two dorsal grooved lines. 
 
 Body neither metallic nor wholly black 1(> 
 
 Body metallic or wholly black. 
 
 Antennas 10-jointed, with one ring-joint Elachertus Sjiinola. 
 
 16. Antenn:e 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. Cirrospiloideus Ashmead. 
 
 17. Scutellum with two dorsal grooved lines 18 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 21 
 
 18. Head normal, viewed from in front wider than long or rounded, not especially thin antero-pos- 
 
 teriorly 19 
 
 Head abnormal, viewed fiom in front much longer than wide and very thin antero-posteriorly 20 
 
 19. Body not wholly metallic, the head and thorax marked with yellow. 
 
 Antenna 9-jointed, with one ring-joint Cirrospilus Westwood- 
 
 Antenna} 10-jointed, with one ring-joint Cirrospiloideus Ashmead. 
 
 Body metallic ; antennae 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle 4-jointed Elachertus Spinola. 
 
 20. Antennie 9-jointed with a ring-joint, body striped or banded with black lines ; wings banded or macu- 
 
 late Zagrammosoma A.shmead. 
 
 21. Antennte 8-jointed or less 22 
 
 Antenna; 9-jointed or more 24 
 
 22. Funicle 3-jointed 23 
 
 Funicle 2-jointed Scotolinx Ashmead. 
 
 23. Mesonotum longer than wide Olynx Forster. 
 
 Mesonotum a little wider than long Paraolinx Aslimead. 
 
 24. Antennse 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 
 Non-metallic (?) genus. 
 
 Antennie 9-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 
 Metallic Rhicnopelte Forster. 
 
 Non-metallic Cirrospilus West wood (partim). 
 
 Subfamily V. EuLorniN.iv 
 1856. Eulophoidie, Fainilie 19 (partim), Forster, Hyin. Stud., II., pp. 19, '2G and 74. 
 1875. Eulophina, Tribus (partim), Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., p. 180. 
 1886. Eulophinte, subfamily (partim), Howard, Ent. Amcr., I., p. 198; II., p. 99. 
 
 To this subfamily are restricted all Eulophids having the mesonotum entire or 
 only partially divided, the mesonotal furrows being at the most only indicated an- 
 teriorly ; otherwise it resembles the others, 
 
356 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 The species are jjarasites of the Micro-lepidoptera, and particularly the leaf- 
 miners, although other groups are also attacked by them. Some are also said to be 
 hyperparasites of other Chalcidoids. 
 
 Most of the species are very small, of brilliant metallic colors, and the antennae 
 in many males are ramose or branched. 
 
 Two triljes have been recognized : 
 
 TABLE OF TRIBES. 
 
 Hind tibiffi with 2 apical spurs Tribe I. Eulophiiii. 
 
 Hind tibiw with one apical spur Tribe II. Hemiptarseuini. 
 
 Tribe I. EuJophiiu. 
 In having two apical spurs to the hind tibite this tril^e agrees with the Eupkc- 
 trini and the OpheUnini, in the subfamily Elachertinx, but it cannot possibly be 
 confused with these tribes, if attention is given to the difference pointed out in the 
 mesonotum, the mesonotal furrows iDcing incomplete. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 11 
 
 2. Scutellum with Iwo dorsal grooved lines 3 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 4 
 
 3. Antenna inserted below the middle of the face. 
 
 Head seen from in front longer than wide, or as long as wide ; stigmal vein about half the 
 length of the marginal vein ; pronotum short, rounded anteriorly ; abdomen ovate, depressed 
 above ; antennae 8-jointed, with one ring-joint, the funicle too-jointed, the club long, 3-jointed. 
 Diaulus Ashmead, g. nov. (type D. begini Ashm.). 
 Head seen from in front twice wider than long or nearly ; stigmal vein long, nearly two thirds the 
 length of the marginal vein ; pronotum semicircular, not short, narrower than the mesono- 
 tum ; abdomen ovate, depressed above, hardly as long as the thorax ; antennje 9-jointed, the 
 
 flagellum subclavate, the funicle /owr-jointed Diaulomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. 
 
 (type D. auslraliensis Ashm.). 
 
 4. Antennse inserted nearer the middle of the face, the scape long 5 
 
 Antennffi inserted below the middle of the face 6 
 
 5. Thorax long, the pronotum long, conical and much narrower than the mesonotum, but fully as long ; 
 
 head wide, as wide as the thorax, seen from in front a little wider than long ; antennse 10-jointed, 
 with one ring-joint, inserted a little below the middle of the face, the funicle 4-joiuted, the joints 
 long, the first much the longest, twice as long as the third, the fo\irth hardly longer than thick ; 
 wings with a discoidal cloud beneath the stigmal vein, the marginal vein very long, more than thrice 
 the length of the stigmal Notanisomorpha Ashmead, g. nov. (type N. collaj-is Ashm.). 
 
 6. Marginal vein very long, three or more times longer than the stigmal vein 7 
 
 Marginal vein shorter, not thric^e as long as the stigmal vein, usually only about twice as long 8 
 
 7. Antennae 10-jointed, the flagellum more or less compressed, the joints long, the first joint of the funicle 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FMES 357 
 
 much the longest joint ; met.athoracic spiracles oblong-oval ; abdomen often very long, conically 
 
 pointed, much longer than the head and tliorax united Sympiesis Ftirster 
 
 (type Eiilophiis i<eri<-eicornis Xees). 
 
 Antenna; 10-jointed, with one ring-joint, the flagellum not compressed, the funicle joints cylindrical ; 
 
 metathoracic spiracles minute, rounded ; abdomen ovate or oval, depressed, not as long as the head 
 
 and thorax united Dimmockia Ashmead,' g. nov. (type Eulophus incongruiis Ashni.) 
 
 8. Thorax not robust '• 
 
 Thorax robust. 
 
 Metathoras with a median carina, the spiracles small, rounded ; antennse 9-jointed, with one ring- 
 joint, the funicle 3-jointed, the club 3-jointed, abdomen oval or subrotund, depressed, usually 
 shorter than the thorax Cratotrechus Tliomson (tyjie Ichneumon htrvanim L.). 
 
 9. Wings hyaline, the flagellum not compressed 10 
 
 Wings dusky, the flagellum compressed, the funicle very short ; metanotum with a median carina. 
 
 Microplectron Thomson (type Entedon fasvipennis Zeterstd.). 
 
 10. Anteunie 9-j(>inted (scaj)e i)edicel, one ring-joint, 3-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
 
 Funicle black ; metanotum with a distinct median carina, the lateral folds usually present. 
 
 Eulophus Geoff'roy (type Ichneumon pectinicornis L.). 
 Funicle white ; metanotum with a delicate median carina, the lateral folds always absent. 
 
 Microlycus Thomson (type M. heterocerus Thorns.). 
 
 11. Scutellum with dorsal grooved lines i'2 
 
 Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 13 
 
 12. Thorax not long, the pronotum anteriorly rounded ; antenn:e inserted below the middle of the face, tlie 
 
 flagellum without branches, filiform. 
 
 Stigmal vein not more than half the length of the marginal vein ; anteini;e 8-jointed. 
 
 Diaulus Ashmead. 
 • Stigmal vein longer, at least two thirds the length of the marginal vein ; antenn;e 9-jointed. 
 
 Diaulomorpha Ashmead. 
 
 13. Thorax not long, the pronotum of normal length 1-t 
 
 Thorax long, the pronotum long, conical and much narrower than the mesonotuni ; antcnnie 10-jointed, 
 
 with one ring-joint Notanisomorpha Ashmead. 
 
 14. Marginal vein very long, three or more times longer thau the stigmal vein ir> 
 
 Marginal vein shorter, not thrice as long as the stigmal vein 16 
 
 15. Antennae 10-jointed, with one ring-joint. 
 
 Flagellum compressed or subeompressed : metathoracic spiracles oval or, subovate ; abdomen long. 
 
 Sympiesis Forster. 
 Flagellum filiform, cylindrical ; metathoracic spiracles small, round ; abdomen oval. 
 
 Dimmockia Ashmead. 
 
 16. Thorax not robust 17 
 
 Thorax robust. 
 
 Metanotum with a median carina and lateral folds ; antennie 9-jointed with 3 loni/ branches. 
 
 Cratotrechus Thomson. 
 
 17. Wings clear hyaline ; flagellum not compressed 18 
 
 Wings dusky ; flagellum compressed ; funicle with 3 nhoii branches JMicroplectron Dalman. 
 
 18. Funicle with 3 long branches Eulophus (leollVoy. 
 
 Funicle with 3 short branches. Microlycus Thomson. 
 
 ' Nan?ed in honor of Dr. Geo. Dimmock. 
 
358 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNE(;IE MUSEUM 
 
 Funicle with 2 long branches Dicladocerus Westwood. 
 
 Funicle with 5 long branches Pentacladia Westwood. 
 
 Tribe II. Hemiptarsenhd. 
 
 The single-spurred hind tibite distinguish the tribe ; otherwise it is not distin- 
 guishable from the preceding tribe. 
 
 The genera are not numerous and may be easily recognized by the characters 
 made use of in the following talile : 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 5 
 
 2. Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 3 
 
 Scutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines. 
 
 Antennae 8-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, 2-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
 
 Diglyphus Walker = Solenotus Forst. (type D.popjxea Walk.). 
 
 3. Antennse inserted belmv the middle of the face •! 
 
 Antennse inserted on the middle of the face. 
 
 Antennse 9-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, 3-jointed funicle and 3-jointed club), the scape 
 long, extended beyond the ocelli Bemiptarsenus Westwood (type H. fulvicollis Westw.). 
 
 4. AnteuBse 9-jointed with 1 ring-joint, the funicle 3-joiuted, cylindrical, the first joint the longest, the 
 
 club 3-jointed Necremnus Thomson (type Eulophus leucarthrvs Nees). 
 
 5. Scutellum without dorsal grooved lines 6 
 
 Scutellum with 2 dorsal grooved lines. 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed, with a ring-joint Diglyphus Walker. 
 
 6. Antennse inserted helmv the middle of the face, the scape not extending beyond the ocelli 7 
 
 Antennse inserted on the middle of the face, the scape long, extending beyond the ocelli. 
 
 , Hemiptarsenus Westwood. 
 
 7. Antennse 9-jointed, the first three joints of the funicle with a long branch H'ecremnus Thomson. 
 
 Family LXXII. TRICHOGRAMMID.E. 
 1846. Eulophidaj, Family II. (partim). Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., p. 62. 
 1856. Trichogrammatoidte, Family XXIL, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 20, 26 and 
 
 87. 
 1897. Trichogrammatinte, Underfam., Aurivillius, Entom. Tidsk., 18, p. 250. 
 
 Dr. Arnold Forster was the first to recognize this natural family, which is at 
 once distinguished, from all other groups, by the tarsi being S-jointed, never more 
 nor less. 
 
 It comes nearest to the Family EuJophinte, where Westwood placed his genus 
 Trichogramraa in 1840, and apparently forms a connecting link between that family 
 and the next, or the Myma mhe. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 359 
 
 In habits the group agrees with the Mi/mar'uhe, all the species falhng in it he- 
 ing egg-parasites. 
 
 Two subfaniihes have been recognized : 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 Wings without regular rows of hairs Subfamily I. OLiGOSiTiNiE. 
 
 Wings ivith regular rows of hairs Subfamily II. Trichogrammin^. 
 
 SUHFAMILY I. OlIGOSITIN.E. 
 
 In the arrangement of the pubescence of the wings this group resembles most 
 closely the Eulophime, and many of the species, but for the 3-jo'mtcd Uirsi, could be 
 easily mistaken for species in that family. 
 
 Only five genera have been described, but it is prol)able that \-ery many more 
 exist and will be discovered when more attention is given to rearing the egg-para- 
 sites of the different orders of insects. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 6 
 
 2. Antenna; G- or 7-jointed with one ring-joint 3 
 
 Antennse 8-jointed with one ring-joint, the fuiiicle 2-joMiteil Asynacta Forster (type unknown). 
 
 3. Antenuic 6 jointed .5 
 
 Antennas 7-jointed, with a ring-joint. 
 
 Ovipositor not prominent 4 
 
 Ovipositor prominent, at least half the length of the long abdomen ; eyes oval ; pedicel obconi- 
 cal, more than twice longer than thick ; flagellum fusiform, 4-jointed, the single funicle joint 
 hardly separable from the club ; wings rather narrow with a long marginal fringe. 
 
 Prestwichia Lubbock (type P. aquatica Lubbock). 
 
 4. Funicle 1-jointed, the club 3-joiuted. 
 
 Front wings narrow, with a long marginal fringe. 
 
 Front wings without a sub.stignial fascia ; scape straight or clavate, the single funicle 
 joint scarcely longer thau thick ; eyes oblong-oval ; mctanotum smooth, without a 
 
 carina Oligosita Haliday (type 0. collina Hal. (AValker). 
 
 Front wings wtVA a substigmal fascia; scape subclavate, arcuate, the single funicle-joint 
 much longer than thick ; eyes rounded ; metanotum bicarinate. 
 
 Westwoodella Ashmead, g. nov. (type Oliffosita aubfasciata Westw.). 
 Front wings broad, with a short mai-ginal fringe Brachista Haliday (type unknown). 
 
 5. ? new genus . 
 
 6. AnteuniB 7-jointed or less, with one ring-joint 7 
 
 Antenna; 8-jointed, with one ring-joint Asynacta Forster. 
 
 7. Fully winged 8 
 
 Wingless or subapterous. 
 
 Scape slender, pedicel obconical, about thrice as long as thick at apex, the tiagellum fu.siform 
 
360 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEfilE MUSEUM 
 
 4-jointe(l, the Hingle funicle joint hardly separable from the club, bind lefis very long. 
 
 Prestwickia Lubbock. 
 8. Funicle 4-jointed, the club one-jointed. 
 
 Front wings with a long marginal fringe. 
 
 Metanotum ivilhout carinEc. Oligosita Haliday . 
 
 Metanotum bicarinate Westwoodella Ashmead. 
 
 Front wings with a short marginal fringe Brachista Haliday. 
 
 Subfamily II. TRiciioGRAMMiNyE. 
 This subfamily is easily recognized by peculiarities of the front wings, the 
 pubescence, being arranged in distinct rows or lines, a peculiarity found in no other 
 group, except to a slight extent in some genera in the subfamily Entedoninse, of the 
 fa mil}' Ea loj iJt ln<e. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 10 
 
 2. Veins in front wings forming a regular arch 3 
 
 Veins in front wings not forming a regular arch 4 
 
 3. Antennffi 8-jointed, the flagellum clavate, the funicle 2-jointed, the joints transver.se. 
 
 Body short, robust Poropoea Forster (type P. stolhverckii Forst.). 
 
 4. Anteunie 7-jointed or less 5 
 
 Antennfe S-jointed (scape, j)edicel, one ring-joint, a 2-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
 
 Trichogramma Westwood (type T. evanescens Westw.). 
 
 5. Antennae 6-jointed or less 7 
 
 Antennfe 7-jointed. 
 
 Wings with a short marginal fringe 6 
 
 Wings with a long marginal fringe Chsetostricha Haliday (type C. dimkUata Hal.). 
 
 G. Antenuue with the club 4-jointed (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint and a 4-jointed club). 
 
 Lathromeris Forster (type L. scutellaris Forst.). 
 
 7. Antenna; 3- or 6-jointed, without a ring-joint 8 
 
 Antenna 6-jointed, with a ring-joint (scape, pedicel, one ring-joint, a 2-jointed funicle and a solid club). 
 
 Abdomen shorter than the thorax Xanthoatomus Ashmead, gen. nov. (type A'. ). 
 
 Abdomen subcylindrical, longer than the thorax Pentarthron Eiley 
 
 (type Trichogramma minutum Riley). 
 
 8. Anteunse 3-jointed 9 
 
 Antennaj 6-jointed, the club 3-jointed (scape, pedicel, a 1-jointed funicle and a 3-jointed club). 
 
 Postscutellum not distinct, without a triangular projection Centrobia Forstei; 
 
 (type Trichogramma IValkeri Forst.). 
 
 Postscutellum distinct, with a triangular projection Paracentrobia Howard 
 
 (type P. punctata How.). 
 
 9. Club not jointed. 
 
 Marginal fringe not especially long, the marginal vein not more than twice as long as thestigmal 
 
 vein Aprobosca Westwood. 
 
 10. Antennae 7-jointed or less 11 
 
 Antenna; 8-jointed. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 361 
 
 Veins of front wiugs forming a regular arch ; flugellum filiform Poropoea Forstcr. 
 
 Veins of front wings not forming a regular arch Trichogramma Westwood. 
 
 11. Antennae 6-jointed or less 12 
 
 Antennae 7-jointed. 
 
 Wings with a very lonj; marginal fringe .Chaetostricha Haliday. 
 
 Wings with a short marginal fringe. 
 
 Club of antennae 4-jointed Lathromeris Forster. 
 
 Club of antennae 3-jointed Pentarthron ]{iley. 
 
 12. AntenuiB 6-jointed (scape, pedicel, a l-jointcd funicle and a 3-jointcd club), marginal vein about 
 
 thrice as long as the stigmal Centrobia Forster. 
 
 Antennie 3-jointed (scape, pe<liccl and a long, .solid club) ; marginal vein not more than twice the 
 length of the stigmal vein Aprobosca Wcstwood (type A. erosicomis Westw.). 
 
 Familv LXXIII. MYMARID.E. 
 1833. Myniares, Tril)us 5'*, Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., j). 341. 
 
 1839. Mymarida?, Family 17, Haliday, Hym. Syn., p. II. 
 
 1840. Mymarides, Subfamily 6 (Family ProctotrypidtB), Westwood, Intro. Mod. 
 
 Class. Ins. Synop.. p. 7S. 
 1856. Mymaroidje, Familie 28, Forster, Hym. Stud., II., pp. 20, 27 and 110. 
 1897. IMymaridte, Family LXXIII., Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., p. 
 236. 
 
 This group was correctly defined by A. H. Haliday, first as a tribe and after- 
 wards as a distinct family. 
 
 In 1833 in speaking of it he says: "This tribe comprises the very atoms of the 
 order Hymenoptera. Their hues are mostly black or yellowish, unadorned by 
 metallic splendor : the plumed and iridescent wings of many are beautiful objects 
 for the microscope. The males, by their very long and slender antennae (sometimes 
 more than twice the length of the body), resemble Ichneumons in miniature." 
 
 Every species belonging to the family lives parasitically in the eggs of other 
 insects, and in habits agree with the Trichogrammidiv. 
 
 Stephens, Curtis, Walker, W^estwood, Forster, Thomson and most systematists 
 treat the group as a component of the Prodoiryjmdea and Dr. von Dalla Torre in 
 his Cakdogus Hymenopteromm follows these older authorities and treats it as a sub- 
 family in the Pmdotrypidn'. More than ten years ago I pointed out the structural 
 characters that excluded the group from having any affinity with these insects ; 
 they are widely distinct in many particulars and form a compact natural fomily in 
 the Chalcidoidea, as was first pointed out by Haliday so many years ago. My exten- 
 sive studies into all groups of the Hymenoptera have only confirmed and empha- 
 sized the correctness and soundness of Haliday's views, the ablest systeniatist of 
 his day, and his views should prevail. 
 
362 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Two subfiiinilies liave been defined, separated by the numlier of joints in the 
 tarsi. 
 
 TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 Tarsi .5-jointec] Subfamily I. GoNATOCERiNiE. 
 
 Tarsi 4-jointed Subfamily II. Mymarin^. 
 
 Subfamily I. Gonatocerin^e. 
 The subfamily is easily recognized by the longer tarsi which are always 5-jointed, 
 never 4-jointed. 
 
 Two tribes may be distinguished by the following simple characters : 
 
 TABLE OF TKIBES. 
 
 Abdomen^ petlolate Tribe I. Ooctonini. 
 
 Abdomen petiolate Tribe II. Gonatoceriui. 
 
 Tribe I. Ooctonini. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females '. 2 
 
 Males 3 
 
 2. Antennse 11-jointed Ooctonus Haliday (type O. insignis Hal.). 
 
 Antennje 9-jointed Camptotera Forster (type C. jxtpaveris Forst.). 
 
 3. Antennse 13-jointed Ooctonus Haliday. 
 
 (?) Palaeomyrmar Meunier (type P. suecine Meunier). 
 Antennse 10-jointed Camptotera Forster. 
 
 Tribe II. Gonatocerim. 
 The distinctly petiolated abdomon distinguishes the tribe. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Antennse more than 8-jointed 3 
 
 Antennas 8-jointed. 
 
 Marginal vein long Leimacis Forster (type L. rufula Forst.). 
 
 Marginal vein short Alaptus Haliday (type A. buscalus Hal.). 
 
 3. Antennte 9-jointed ; marginal vein long Litus Haliday (type L. cynipseits Hal.). 
 
 ? = Malfattia Meunier (type M.moliiorse Meun.). 
 Antennie 11-jointed ; marginal vein short Gonatocerus Nees (type G. longicornis Nees). 
 
 4. Marginal vein short 5 
 
 Marginal vein long. 
 
 Antenn.'u 11-jointcd Leimacis Forster. 
 
 Antennie 13-jointed Litus Haliday. 
 
 5. Antennse 10-jointed Alaptus Haliday. 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed Gonatocerus Nees. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 6b6 
 
 SUF.FAMILY II. MyMARIN.K. 
 
 In this subfamily fall some of the smallest Hymenoptera known, hardly visible 
 to the naked eye, and living parasitically in the eggs of some other small insect. 
 
 The group is distinguished by having the tarsi 4-jointed, not 5-jointed as in the 
 Gonatocerime. 
 
 It is divided by the attachment of the abdomen into two tribes. 
 
 TABLE OP" TRIBP:S. 
 
 Abdomen sessile or subsessile Tribe I. Anaphini. 
 
 Abdomen distinctly petiolate Tribe II. Mymarini. 
 
 Tribe I. Anaphini. 
 The sessile abdomen distinguishes the tribe. 
 
 TABLE OF (iENERA. 
 
 1 . Females 2 
 
 Males 4 
 
 2. Antennic more than S-joiiitod 3 
 
 Antenna' 8 jointed Anthemus Howard (type A. chioiuispidis How.). 
 
 3. Antenna; 9-jointed. 
 
 Marginal vein lengthened Anaphes Haliday (type A. fuacipmnis Hal.). 
 
 Marginal vein not lengthened Anagrus Haliday (type Ichneumon aloinxs Linn6). 
 
 4. Autennte more than 9-jointed 5 
 
 AntenniB 9-jointed Anthemus Howard. 
 
 5. Antenna; 12-jointed ; marginal vein long Anaphes Haliday. 
 
 Antenna; 13-jointed ; marginal vein short Anagrus Haliday. 
 
 Tribe II. Mi/marini. 
 In this tribe the abdomen is always distinctly petiolate, never sessile. 
 
 TABLE OF GENERA. 
 
 1. Females 2 
 
 Males " 
 
 2. Antennal club solid, unjointed 4 
 
 Antennal club 2-jointed 3 
 
 3. Marginal vein long ; tarsi short Eustochus Haliday (type E. atripennis Hal.). 
 
 Marginal vein short ; tarsi long Doryclytus FGrstcr (type D. vitrlpennia Forster. 
 
 4. Marginal vein either lengthened or punctifonu, but never wliolly absent (i 
 
 Marginal and other veins absent. 
 
 Hind wings wanting or aborted ; front wings neither spoon-shaped nornuieh l)ri)adene<l at apex, 
 
 sometimes split into two parts ■'' 
 
 Hind wings present, normal ; front wings spoon-shaped ; antennx 9-jointed. 
 
 Mymarilla Westwood (type M. taprobanica Westw.). 
 
364 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 5. Front wings widened only at apex and with a long marginal fringe ; antenna? 9-jointed. 
 
 Mymar Haliday (type M. pulchellus Hal.). 
 Front wings not wide, sometimes split at apex ; antenna; ai)parently but 3-jointed. 
 
 Packardiella Ashmead (type Pleratomus putmanii Pack.). 
 
 6. Antennse 9-jointed. 
 
 Marginal vein punctiform Polynema Haliday (type Ichneumon ovulorum Hal.). 
 
 Marginal vein lengthened. 
 
 Metanotum without a carina Stichothrix Forster (type S. cardui Forst.). 
 
 Metauotura with two carinte Ceraphractus Haliday (type C. cinclus Hal.). 
 
 7. Marginal vein punctiform or lengthened 9 
 
 Marginal vein and all othere absent or wanting. 
 
 Front wings narrow, usually somewhat broader toward a|)ex, or linear or split at apex ; hind 
 
 wings usually absent or aborted 8 
 
 Front wings broad, spoon-.shaped ; hind wings entire. 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed Mymarilla Westwood. 
 
 8. Front wings not sjilit at apex ; antennfe 13-jointed Mymar Haliday. 
 
 Front wings linear or split at apex ; antennte (?) imperfect Packardiella Ashmead. 
 
 9. Marginal vein lengthened 10 
 
 Marginal vein punctiform. 
 
 Antennae 13-jointed Polynema Haliday. 
 
 10. Antennse 10-jointed ; metanotum smooth, without a carina Stichothrix Forster. 
 
 Antennae 11 -jointed ; metanotum bicarinate Ceraphractus Forster. 
 
 Genera unknown to Author and not ( 'lassified. 
 Clialcites Heer (Fossil), Vierteljahrschr. naturf. Ges. Zurich, I., 1856, p. 26. (Type 
 
 C. debilis Heer.) 
 CynipsichncitnKin Christ, Naturg. d. Insect., 1791, p. 377. (Type not mentioned.) 
 Lyms Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1813, p. 114. (Type L. orvjo Walker.) 
 
 Belongs evidently to the Microgaderidie. 
 JYorbanus Walker, Ann. Soc. ent. France (2), I., 1843, p. 158. (Type N. dysaales 
 
 Walker.) 
 Peridesmia Forster, Hyni. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (No type given.) 
 PrionojJHs Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl, XLVL, 1825, p. 393. (No type 
 
 given.) 
 
 Genera Incorrectly Placed with the ('halcidoidea. 
 Agonophorus Dalman, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forhl., XIV., 1857, p. 287. 
 
 (No type given.) 
 
 Belongs evidently to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea. 
 Diplalejyis Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 149 (= Diadrophm). 
 
 Belongs to the superfamily Cynipoidea, family Cynipidie. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 365 
 
 Macrostignui Rondani, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877 {= Megastignma Dalman). 
 
 Belongs to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea, family Ceraphrcninx. 
 Trichacis Provaneher, Add. Fn. Hym. du Canada, 1887, p. 207 {=Bxns Haliday). 
 
 Belongs to the superfamily Proctotrypoidea, family Scelioimiie. 
 
 Bibliography of the Genera. 
 A. 
 Ablenis Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1894, p. 7. (Type Ccntrodora cli.siocamp(e Ashtnead.) 
 Acauthochalci.s Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer., I., 1.S84, p. 100. (Type A. niffrescens Cameron.) 
 Acanthometapon Ashmead, gen. nov., ante., p. ol4. (Ty[)e .1. (■lai-icornls Ashmead.) 
 Acerophacjm Smith (TEmily) (= Mdallon Walker), No. Am. Ent., I., 1880, p. 83. 
 Acrias Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XX., 1847, p. 29. (Type A. nitens Walker.) 
 Acroclisis Forster, Verli. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Ilheiiil., XXXV., 1878, p. 43. (Type ,1. niyri- 
 
 cornis Forster.) 
 Acrocormus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 66. (Type A. semifasckdus Thomson.) 
 Acrostela Shipp (= J* Tlioracantha Latreille), The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 188. 
 Adelencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 341. (Type EncyrtuK chiona- 
 
 spidis Howard.) 
 .Enasius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII., 1846, p. 180. (Type .4. hyrttm Walk.) 
 uEolomorpha Dalla Torre (= Aiolomorphn Walker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
 ^Epocerus Mayr, Yer\\. Zool.-bat. Gcsell. Wien, XXXV., 18, ])p. 158, 1(50. (Type Ae. fxcavatm 
 
 Mayr.) 
 ^iro.rys Westwood, Walker et al. (= Etroxys Westw.). 
 
 Agamerion Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 298. (Type Mineoynder gdo Walker.) 
 Agaon Dalmau, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand., XXXIX., 1818, p. 69. (Type A. paradoxum Dalm.) 
 Ageniaspis Dahlbom, (Ifvcrs. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forli., XIV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Encyrtus 
 
 fuscicoUis Dalm.) 
 Affrianisa Walker (= Syrohia Walker), The Entom., VIII., 1875, [). 16. 
 Aiolomorpha Walker, Notes on Chalc., Pt. 1, 1871, p. 12. (Type .1. rlmpa/oi.lcs Walk.) 
 Alaptus Haliday, Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class'. Ins., II., 1840 ; Synop., p. 79. (Typo A.fuscidm 
 
 Hal.) 
 Alophus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. ;553. (Type A.Jiavnu.) 
 
 Allocera Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 379. (Type A. hirohr Siehel.) 
 Allodcrma Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 273. (^1. maculipennis Ashmead.) 
 Amblymerus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 303, 306. (Type A. duhins M'alker.) 
 Ametellon Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 344. (Type A. chapadw Ashmead.) 
 Amotura Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 130. (Type A. annalicomin Cameron.) 
 Anacryptus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXVI., 1883, p. 56. (Type Epitranm 
 
 bnpulnator Walk.) 
 
366 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Anagrus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 346. (Type Ichneumon atornus Linne.) 
 
 Anagyrus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIII., 1896, p. 638. (Type A. (jreenli Howard.) 
 
 Anaphes Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 346. (Type A.fmcipennis Hal.) 
 
 Anastatus Motschulsky, Etud. entom., VIII., 1859, p. 116. (Type A. mantoidw Motschulsky.) 
 
 Aneristus Howard, Can. Ent., XXVII., 1895, p. 351. (Type A. ceropladw Howard.) 
 
 Aneure Nees (= Elasmus Wcstw.), Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 194. 
 
 Anoglyphis Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 49. (Type A. nubilom 
 
 Forst.) 
 Anogmus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 59. (Type A. strobilorum Thomson.) 
 Anthophorabia Newport (^ = Melittobia Westwood) Gard. Chronicle, 1849, p. 183; Trans. Linn. 
 
 Soc. London, XXL, 1852, p. 81 ; pi. 8, f. 4-6. 
 Anthemus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVIIL, 1896, p. 649. (Type A. chionaspidis How.) 
 Antkjaster Walsh {= Anastatus Motschulsky), Amer. Ent., I., 1869, p. 156. 
 Antrocephalus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 63. (Type Haltkhella 
 
 fascicornis Walk.) 
 Anusia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 32. (Type Ectromu fulvescem Westw.) 
 Anysis Howard, Can. Ent,, XXVIII. , 1896, p. 167. (Type A. australienms How.) 
 Aperilampus Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 4, 1871, p. 67. (Type Perilampxis discolor Walker.) 
 Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXIL, 1900, pp. 340, 347. (Type Encyrtus 
 
 aphidiphaf/us Ashmead.) 
 Aphelinus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLL, 1820, p. 181. (Type Entcdon abdomi- 
 
 nalia Dalman.) 
 Aphobetoideus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante p. 328. (Type A. eomperei Ashm.) 
 Aphobetus Howard, Can. Ent., XXVIIL, 1796, p. 166. (Type A. maskelli Howard.) 
 Aphycus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 695. (Type Encyrtus apkalis 
 
 Dalman.) 
 Apocrypta Coquerel (= rj' Sycophaga Westwood, partim). 
 Apocrypta Coquerel. (Type A. pjerpJexa Coquerel.) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2), VII., 1855, p. 
 
 369. 
 Apocryptophaga Ashmead, g. nov., ante, p. 238. (Type Chalcis explorator Coquerel.) 
 Aprobosca Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. London (2), I., 1878, p. 592. (Type A. eroskornis Westw.) 
 Aprostocetus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 444. (Type A. caudatus Westw.) 
 Arachnophaga Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 18. (Type Eupelmus pkea 
 
 Howard.) 
 Aratus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXVI. , 1896, p. loo. (Type A. scuiellatus 
 
 Howard.) 
 Archimus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXVL, 1896, p. 154. (Type A. occupatus 
 
 Howard.) 
 Ardalus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Loudon, Zool., XXVL, 1896, p. 161. (Type A. ackxdatus 
 
 Howard.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 367 
 
 Arejicon Walker (= LitiLn Haliday), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XYIII., 1846, p. 49. 
 
 Arretocera Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, ZoiJl., XXVII. , 1883, p. 56. (Type Ejjitranm 
 
 albipennis Walk.) 
 Arrhenophagus Aurivellius, Eut. Tidskr., IX., 1888, p. 144. (Type A. chionmpidis Auriv.) 
 Arthrolysis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 52. (Type J'tcromalas .scabrimlm Nees.) 
 Arthrolytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 15.S. (Type A. pundatus Thomson.) 
 A.saphes Walker, Eut. Mag., II., 1834, p. 151. (Type A. vidgark Walk.) 
 Asecodes Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 79. (Type A. nifem Forster.) 
 Aseirba Cameron (= Cerchysiun Westw. teste Howard), Biol. Centr.-Amer. Mym., I., 1884, p. 
 
 127. 
 Asemantus Forster, Vcrli. d. naturli. Yor. pr. Rheinl., XXXY., 187S, p. 51. (Type A. amplii- 
 
 bolus Forst.) 
 Ashmeadla Howard (= Rileya Ashmead), Can. Ent., XXL, 1889, p. 59. 
 Aspidiotiphagus Howard, Ins. Life, YL, 1894, p. 229. (Type Coccophaym citrinns Craw.) 
 Aapklocoris Costa (= SeidelUsta Motsch.), Bull. Acead. natural. Napoli, 1863, p. 24. 
 Aspirhina Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XYIL, 1883, p. 60. (Type Ihdtk-eUa dubi- 
 
 tator Walk.) 
 Asteropajus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXL, 1898, p. 232. (Type A. primus Howard.) 
 Astichus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. (Type A. arithmeticus Forst.) 
 Astymachus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XX., 1898, p. 238. (Type A. japonicus Howard. 
 Asynacta Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 87. (Type unknown.) 
 
 Atropates Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXL, 1898, p. 236. (Type A. collinm Howard.) 
 Aulofiymnm Forster (= Cirrospdus Westwood), Yerh. d. naturh. Yer. pr. Rheinl., YIIL, 1851, 
 
 p. 24. 
 Axima Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 373. (Typo .1. xpinljhms Walk.) 
 Aximogastra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type A. bcdiUv Aslim.) 
 Aximopsis Ashmead, ante, p. 259. (Type A. bahur, Ashm.) 
 
 B. 
 
 Bactrykehion Costa (A) (= Podagrion Spinola), Mem. Accad. Sc. Napoli (2), II., 1857, p. 223. 
 Bffiocharis Mayr, Yerh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XY., 1875, p. 767. (Type B. pmeuomm 
 
 Mayr.) 
 Bwotomus Forster (= Micromaln.-^ Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. 
 Balcha Walker {= Eusaiuhdum Ratzeburg), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 394. 
 
 (Type B. cylindrica Walker.) 
 Baryscapus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 84. (Type unknown.) 
 Bellerm Walker (= d' Lophocomm Haliday), Ann. ct Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 32. (Type 
 
 B. anaitis Haliday.) 
 Belonea Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, ]). 14(5. (Type B. austra/ica Westw.) 
 Belonura Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIIL, 1896, p. 224. (Type B. singtdaris Ashmead.) 
 
368 MEMOIRS OF THE CAKNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Bephrata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Araer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 109. (Type B. rufii-ollis Cameron.) 
 Berecyntus Howard, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., XXI., 1898, p. 238. (Type B. bakcri Howard.) 
 Blaphonira Holmgren ( = Podagrlon Spiuola), Eng. Resa, Ins., 1868, p. 438. 
 Blastophaga Gravenhorst, Uebers. Arbeit. Schles. Ges. f. Yalerl. Ciiltur., I., Jalir., 1826-27, p. 
 
 23. (Type Cynips psenes Linne.) 
 Blastothrix Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, ]>. G97. (Type Eiiri/rtm sericeus 
 
 Dalman.) 
 Blatticida Ashmead, gen. no v., ante, p. 305. (Type B. pulchra Ashm.) 
 
 Blepyrus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXI., 1898, p. 234. (Type JS. me.ricamis How.) 
 Bootania Dalla Torre (n. n. for Mdamorphn Walk.), Wien Ent. Zeitg., XYL, 1897, p. 86. (Type 
 
 Metamorpha leucospoides Walk.) 
 Bothriothorax Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 209. (Type Encyrfus clavicornis Dalm.) 
 Bofkryothorax Kirchner (= Bothriothorax Ratzb.), Cat. Hj'm. Eur., p. 273. 
 Bracbista Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), VII., 1851, p. 211. (Type unbiown.) 
 Brachycaudonia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 283. (Type B. californica Ashm.) 
 Braehycrepis Ashmead (= Bubekia Dalla Torre), Can. Ent., XX., 1888, p. 176. 
 Brachysticlm Forster (= Brachista Haliday), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 88. 
 Brasenia Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 124. (Type B. brevispina Cam.) 
 Bruchophagus Ashmead, Entom. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type B. borealis Ashm.) 
 Bubekia Dalla Torre (n. n. for Braehycrepis Ashm.), Wien Ent, Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 84. (Type 
 
 Braehycrepis tricarinata Ashmead.) 
 
 C. 
 Cacotropia Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 36. (Type C. echidna 
 
 Motschul.) 
 Csenacis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 64. (Type C. yrandielava Thomson.) 
 Ccenoorepis Thomson (= Xenocrepis Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 51. (Type C. arenicola 
 
 Thomson.) 
 CaUeptiles Haliday (= Trichogratima Westw.), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 340. (Type C. latipennis 
 
 Hal.) 
 Callimomus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 60, 76. (Tj'pe C. scaposus Thorns.) 
 Callimone Spinola (= Torymus Dalman), Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 148. 
 Callipteroma Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863 (2), p. 35. (Type C. 
 
 5-guttata Motsch.) 
 Ccdliopteroma Dalla Torre (n. n. for Callipteroma Motschulsky), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 307. 
 Oallitula Spinola (s. descrip.) = Micromelus Walker and Pteromalus Swederus (partim), Ann. mus. 
 
 hist., nat., XVII., 1811, p. 151. 
 Calocerinus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XV., 1892, p. 368. (Type Tefracnemiis foridanm 
 
 Ashm.) 
 CalyodicJnis Ashmead (err. imp. for Colyostichus Mayr) Jourii. Linu. Soc. Loudon, ZoiJl., XXV., 
 
 1894, p. 152. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 369 
 
 Cameronella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Panthallx Cameron), "Wien ent. Zcitz., XVI., 1897, p. 87. 
 
 (Type Panthalis blackburnii Cam.) 
 Camptoptera Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. IIG, 119, 144. (Type C. papuvens Fiirst.) 
 Caraphractus Haliday, Ann. Mag. Nat., XVIII., 1846, p. 52. (Type C. cinctus Haliday.) 
 Caratomuii Thomson (= n. n. for f'ratomus Dalman), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 45. 
 Cardiogaster Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXV., 186:1, p. 72. (Type C.J'met- 
 
 ventris Motschulsky.) 
 Catolaccus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 187S, p. 152. (Type <'. mrUjnKi, Thomson.) 
 Caudonia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), V., 1850, p. 125. (Type V. xt/ylla Walk.) 
 Cea Haliday, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 356. (Type C. pulicaris Hal.) 
 Cecidostiba Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 92. (Type C. nifpfrons Thomson.) 
 Cecidoxenus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 274. (Type C. )iif/riici/(iiici(x Ashm.) 
 Centrobia Forster, Hym. Stud., 11., p. 87. 
 Centrodora Forster, Verb. d. natiirli. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 66. (Type C. amcena 
 
 Forst.) 
 Cephaleta Motschulsky, Ftud. entom., VIII., 1859, p. 173. (Type C. piirpuriventris Motscb.). 
 Cerambycobius Ashmead, Proc. P^nt. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 17. (Type Eupdmus cleri 
 
 Ashm. ) 
 Ceranisus Walker, The Entom., I., 1840, p. 6 ; pi. N, f 2. (Type Cirronpihis pacuviiui Walker.) 
 Cerapterocerus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 495. (Type C. mirabUis Westw.) 
 Ceratorims Dalman (= Cratomus Dalman), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLIII., 1822, p. 495. 
 
 (Type Cynips megacephalus Fabr.) 
 Ceratoneura Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 178. (Type C. pdiolata 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Ceratosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. ante, ]). 251. (Type V. pdiohia Ashm.) 
 Ceratosolen Mayr, A\n-b. Zool.-bot. Gcsell. Wien, XXXV., 1S88, p. 164. (Type C. appemlicu- 
 
 Mm Mayr.) 
 Cerchysius Westwood, Loud. t\:- Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1S32, p. 12S. (Type Enrydus sub- 
 
 planns Dalm.) 
 Cercobelus Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1837, p. 4S. (Type C. Jii;/<rns Walk.) 
 Cerocephala Westwood, Mag. de Zool., II., 1832, Pt. 4, T. 4. (Type ('. corvUjcr Westw.) 
 CJudospila Westwood (= Cerocephala Westw.) Thesaur. Ent. O.koii., 1874, p. 173. 
 Chffitosticha Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), VII., 1851, p. 210. (Type G. dlmkUata Hal.) 
 Chcdostriiix Forster (= n. n. for Cluelostricha Hal.), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 89. 
 Chalcaspis Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XVII., 1895, p. 606. (Type C. pergandci How.) 
 Chalcidectes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 47. (Type C. mfwulicomi.s Walk.) 
 Chalcis Fabricius, Mant. Insect., I., 1789, p. 272. (Type Vespa minuta Linn6.) 
 Chalcitella Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 56. (Type C. evanioides Westw.) 
 Chalcites Heer (fossil), Vierteljahr. naturf. Ges. Zurich, I., 1856, p. 296. 
 Chalcodedes Dalla Torre (n. n. for Chalcededes Walker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
 
370 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Chalcura Kirbv, Jourii. Liuii. Soc. LouiLin, ZoJil., XX., 1886, p. 30. (Type Eucharis (Jeprivatd 
 
 Walk.) 
 Charitolophus Forster, Verli. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Kheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 70. (Type Ccaru- 
 
 lescem Fiirst.) 
 Charitopus Forster, Hyra. Stud., II., 185(i, p. 31. (Type C. fulvirentris Forst.) 
 Chartocerus Motschulsky, £tud. entom., VIII., 1859, p. 171. (Type C. musdforinis Motsch.) 
 Cheiloueurus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 343. (Type C.formosus 
 
 Westw.) 
 Cheiropachys Westwood, ZoiU. Jouru., IV., 1828, p. 25. (Type Sphex colon Linne.) 
 Chestomorpha Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., litOO, pp. 335, 343, 370. (Type C. 
 
 biformis Ashm.) 
 Chiloneurus Forster (n. n. for Cheilonewa Westwood), Hyai. Stud., II., 1856, p. 32. 
 Chirocera Latreille (= Hippota Walker), Gen. Crust, et Ins., IV., 1809, p. 26. (Type Chalcis 
 
 pectinicerus Latreille.) 
 Chirocerus Brulle (=A«7:)a/rt Cameron), Hist. nat. d. Ins., IV., 1.S46, p. 571. 
 Chirolophus Haliday, Ann. See. ent. France (4), II., 1862, p. 115. (Type C. eques Haliday.) 
 Chiropachus Agassiz (n. n. for Cheiropachys Westw.), Agassiz, Nom. Zool., Hym., 1848, p. 77. 
 Chiropachys Thomson (n. n. for Cheiropachys Westw.), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 32. 
 Choreia Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 122. (Type Encyrtus ineptus Dalman.) 
 Choreius Westwood (n. n. for Choreia Westw.), Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), X., 1839, p. 444. 
 Choria Vollenhoveu (n. u. for Choria Westw.), Schets., 1871, Tab. 7. 
 Chryseida Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 7. (Type C. superciliosa Spin.) 
 Chrysoatomus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 342. (Type C. Zealandicus Ashm.) 
 Chrysocharis Forster, Hym. Stud., IL, 1856, p. 47. (Type C. femoralis Forst.) 
 Chrysocharodes Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 177. (Type C. petio- 
 
 lata Ashm.) 
 Chrysocharoideus Ashmead, ante. (Type Chrysocharis fhoracicus Ashmead.) 
 Chrysoglyphe Ashmead, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, ZoIJl., XXV., 1894, p. 160. (Type C. apicalis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Chrysolampus Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type C. splemlidulus Spin.) 
 Chrysomalla Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVI., 1859, p. 115. (Type C. roseri 
 
 Forst.) 
 Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 344. (Type Euloplius auripunctatus Ashmead.) 
 Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, Can. Ent., XXL, 1889, p. 38. (Type Rileya splendens How.) 
 Chrysopophagus Ashmead, Ins. Life, V., 1894, p. 246. (Type C. eompressicornis Ashmead.) 
 Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 354. (Type 3Iiolropi.'< jJatynoke How.) 
 Cirrospilus Forster nee Westwood (= Sfenomesioidius Ashm. part), Hym. Stud., IL, 1856, p. 74. 
 Cirrospilus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type C. dcgantissimus Westw.) 
 Cleonymus Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins., IV., 1809, p. 29. (Type Ichneumon depressm Fabr.) 
 Cleptimorpha Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 5, 1872, p. 84. (Type C. hinoUda Walker.) 
 
ashmead: classification of the ciialcid flies 371 
 
 Cleptomorpha Dalhi Torre (n. n. for Cleplimorpha Westw.), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 185. 
 Closterocerus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 419. (Type (I trifasciaius Westw.) 
 Coccideucyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, pp. 339, 345. (Type Encyrhis 
 
 ensifer How.) 
 Coccobius Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstins., III., 1852, p. 175. (Type unknown.) 
 Coccophagus Westwood, Lond. & Edinh. Pliil. Mag. (;$), III., 1833, p. 344. (Type ('. pukhcllu.s 
 
 Westw.) 
 Coccophoetonus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu.seum, XXII., 1 900, pp. ;{37, 344 and 375. (Type 
 
 C. dactylopii Ashm.) 
 Ccelocyba Ashmead, Proc. Liun. 8oc. N. S. \^'aIes, 1900, p. 344. (Type C. nigrorincta Ashm.) 
 Calogaster Schrank (= LcucuspU Fabr.), Schrift. Ges. uaturf. Fr. Berlin, I., 1780, p. 303. 
 Coelopisthia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type J'tei-omalits cephalofes Walker.) 
 Codopisthus Thomson (= n. n. for Coelopisthia Forst.), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 168. 
 Ccelops Kriechbaumer (^= Kriechbanmendla Dalla Torre), Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXIX., 1894, 
 
 p. 316. (Type Coelops palbebrator Kriechb.) 
 Ccenocercim Thomson (= Echthroplexis Forster), Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 145. 
 Colas Curtis, Brit. Ent., IV., 1827, p. 166. (Type ('. dit^par Curtis.) 
 Cola.r. Curtis (= n. n. for Colaii Curtis), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 6. 
 
 Colotrechnus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, j). 4(). (Type C sHhc<rrufcu>i Thomson.) 
 Colyostichus Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 158. (Type C. lomjipes 
 
 Mayr.) 
 Comedo Schrank (= CraMrcrhm Thomson), Fatui. Boica, II., 1S02, p. 308 [p. ]).]. 
 Comys Forster (= Eiicyrtan Latreille), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 144. 
 Conura Spinola, Mag. de Zool., VII., 1837, p. 180. (Type ( '.faricaiix Spinola.) 
 Copidosoma Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 157. (Type ('. houclicaiiUK Ratzeb.) 
 Caruna Walker (= I'aehyo-epis Forster), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371 and 379. 
 Coryna Reinhard (= Pachycrepis Forster), Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., I., 1857, p. 87. 
 Corynocera Nees (= Pirene Haliday), Hym. affiu. Mouogr., II., 1834, p. 123. 
 Comnocovia Forster (= ?). )i. for Poiynema Haliday), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 1 17, 120. 
 Crantor Haliday (= ^Iplir/imis Dalman, toinglcss form), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 268. 
 Cratispus Forster, Verb. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 62. (Tyjjc C. luptis- 
 
 granensis Fiirst.) 
 Cratomus Dalman, S%'ensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLII., 1S20, p. 72. (Type Cyiiips m,y<ii;p/,a/Hx 
 
 Fabr.) 
 Cratotrechus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1S7.S, p. 219. (Type Ichiuununi larvannn \ai\w.) 
 Cricellius Thomson, Hym. Skaud., V., 1878, p. 102. (Type C. decipimn Thomson.) 
 Critogwitcr Mayr (= J* Trichmdm Mayr), Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1888, pp. 160, 
 
 199. 
 Cros.sogaster Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 156, 159, 189. (Type C. 
 
 (rifonnix Mayr.) 
 
372 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Crvptopristus FiJrster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 43. (Type Tnrymus mUginosm Walk.) 
 Cryptopn-mna Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 56. (Type Frosodes atra Walk.) 
 Vryptoprymnm Thomson (= Cryptoprymna Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 22. 
 Cycloneura Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Fikh., XIY., 1887, p. 295. 
 Cynlphodonus Reinhard (= Olynx Forster), Berl. Eat. Zeitsch., II., 1858, p. 22. 
 Cynipsichneumon Christ (= Cratotrechus Thomson), Naturg. d. Ins., 1791, p. 378. 
 Cynipsillum Lamarck (= Perilampus Latreille), Hist. anim. s. Vert., IV., 1817, p. 156. 
 Cyrtogaster AA^alker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 381. (Type C. vulffaris Walker.) 
 Cyrtosoma Curtis (= Ormyrus Westwood), Ferris Auo. Soc. ent. France, IX., 1840, p. 96. 
 
 D. 
 Dciiiyc/lenes Ashmead (= Epiatenia Westwood), Can. Ent., XX., 1888, p. 74. 
 Decatoma Spinola, Ann. mus. hist. nat. XVII., 1811, p. 151. (Type Diplohpis adoniilam 
 
 Rossi.) 
 Decatomidea Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type D. xanthochroa Ashm.) 
 Decatomothorax Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 273. (Type D. gallicola Ashm.) 
 Derostenus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 495. (Type D. gemmeus Westw.) 
 Destefania Dalla Tarre (n. n. for Sternodes Stefani), Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 1897, p. 88. (Type 
 
 Sternodes pusateri Stefani.) 
 Diamorus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 159. (Type Torymm armatm Boheman.) 
 Diaulomorpha Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 356. (Type B. australiensis Ashm.) 
 Diaulus Ashmead (n. n. for Diglyphus Thomson nee Walker), ante, p. 356. (Type I), begin! Ashm.) 
 Dibrachys Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 66. (Type Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg.) 
 Dicdlocerus Menzel (= Mira Shellenberg), Stettin ent. Zeitg., XVII., 1855, p. 270. 
 Dichrtlysk Forster (n. n. for Psilocera Walker, J*), Hym. Stud., II., 1855, p. 52. 
 Dichotomus Forster, Verb, naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 48. (Type D. acerinus 
 
 Forster.) 
 Dicladocerus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 128. (Type D. trcstiroodi! Stephens.) 
 Dicormus Forster (= Cyrtogatiter Walker), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 38. 
 Bicyclus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 455. (Type D. lynastes Walk.) 
 Diglochis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type Pteromalus omnivorus Walk.) 
 Diglyphomorpha Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 352. (Type Diglyphus? mnculvpennis Ashmead.) 
 Diglyphis Thomson (= Diaulus Ashm.), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 235. 
 Diglyphus Thomson (= Diaulus Ashmead), Hym. Skarid., V., 1878, p. 208. 
 Diglyphus (Haliday) Walker, List. Chalcid. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. 235. (Type D. popprnt 
 
 Walk.) 
 Dilocantha Shipp, The Entom., XXVIL, 1894, p. 188. (Type Tlioracaniha jiavicornis Westw.) 
 Dilophogaster Howard (= Tomocera Howard), Ent. Amer., II., 1886, p. 98. 
 Dimacbus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 187^, pp. 50, 52. (Type C. arenicola Thomson.) 
 Dimmockia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, 357. (Type Eulophus incongruus Ashm.) 
 
ASIIMEAD : CT.ASSIKICATION OK TTIK CIIAI>riI> I'lJKS 373 
 
 Diuarmus Thomwn, Hvm. Stiul., V., 1S78, p. •")(;. (Typo I>. ai-iilux Tliomson.) 
 
 Dinocarsis Filrstt-r (ii. n. for EmcapuH Dablboni), Ilym. Stud., II., IS-'jO, y. :V.\. (Tvpe Kncyiliix 
 
 hcmipk'fHit Dalm.) 
 Dinotus Forster, Hym. Stiul, TI., 18.")(i, p. CG. (Tyix- I). /,i<ln,hi/iis Tliomson.) 
 Dipara Walker, Ent. Mag., I., IS:?.^, p|). .'571, ;!7;!. (Type />. i>rr,nlata Walker.) 
 Diplectron \\x\\\hom (= Eiiplc-irus Westwood), (')fvers. Sveiisk. \'et.-Akad. FoHi., Xl\'., 1«.")7, 
 
 p. 292. 
 Diplodontia Aslimead, Knt. Amer., IV., 188.S, p. 87. (Type Smi<-ra raro/ina Aslim.) 
 Diplolrpis Fabrieius iicc Olivier (= Diiwiropliun Hartig), Sy.st. Piez., 181(4, p. 149. 
 Dirhicnus Tbonison, Hym. Skaiid., V., 1878, p. 170. (Type />. .mbccerulem Thomsou.) 
 Dirhinus Dalman, Svcnsk. Vct.-Akad. Handl., XXXIX., 1818, p. 75. (Type I), u-cacatu.s 
 
 Dalra.) 
 DirrhinuH Dalla Torre (n. n. for Dirhinus Dalman), Cat. Hym., \., 1898, p. ;',67. 
 Discodes For.ster (= Plicenodiscm Forster), Hym. Stud., IT., 18.5t), p. 32. 
 
 Disema Forster, Verb. naturb.Ver. pr. Rbeinl., XXV., 1875, p. 54. (Type J), pullipcx For.ster.) 
 Doriclytus Forster, Linn, entom., II., 1847, p. 226. (Type D. vitripennis Forster.) 
 Doryditm Dalla Torre (n. n. for Dondytm Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 428. 
 
 E. 
 Ecdamua Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (.3), I., 1862, p. 387. (Type E. macroidm Walk.) 
 Erldhropledis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Eddhroplexis Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 243. 
 Ecbtbroplexis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 33. (Type Cenocerem pundicoUis Tbomson.) 
 Ecrizotes Forster, Progr. Realscb. Aacben, 1861, p. xxxiii. (Type E. monticola Forster.) 
 Ectroma Westwood, Lond. ^t Edinb. Pbil. Mag. (:',), III., 18:',3, p. 344. (Type Eupdmn.s yufus 
 
 Dalman.) 
 Eisenia Asbmead, gen. nov. ante, p. 233. (Type E. mexicana Asbm.) 
 Elacbertomorpha Asbmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 352. (Type EJ.flaviceps Asbm.) 
 Elachertus Spinola, .\nn. mus. hist, nat., XXVIL, 181- p. 151. (Type E. ahdntninnU.^ Spin.) 
 Ekwhedm Walker (n. n. for /tJ/ncAeriH.y Spinola), List. Chair. Brit. Museum, 1., 1S4S, p. 68. 
 EladuMm Tbomson (n. n. {or Eladiertm Spinola), Hym. Skaud., V., 1878, pp. 187, 191. 
 Ela.smus Westwood, Philos. Mag. (3), III., 1 833, p. 343. (Type Eidoph ux flahdlatm Fonscolombe.) 
 Elatus Walker, List. Chalc. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. 15.-,. (Type E. thvna- M'alk.) 
 Enargopelte Foi-stcr, Verb. d. naturb. Ver. pr. Rbeinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 62. (Type E. ohscura 
 
 Forster.) 
 Encarsia FiJrster, Verb. d. naturb. Ver. pr. Ki.einl., XXXV., 1878, p. 65. (Type E. tricolor 
 
 Fijrster.) 
 Encyrtaspis Asbmead, gen. nov., ante, j). 290. (Type E. Iinm/inixis A^ibm.) 
 Encyrtus Latrielle, Gen. Crust, et Ins., I\'., 1809, p. 81. (Type Chry^is injidm Ro.ssi.) 
 Endomycbobius Asbmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII., 1896, p. 227. (Type /;. faripex 
 
 Asbm.) 
 
374 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Eniaca Kirhy, .Tdiirii. \Aim. Soc. Ivondon, Zool., XA^II., 1883, p. 57. (Type Chalcia henperklum, 
 
 Rossi.) 
 Enneasmicra Aslimcad, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type Sinicnt exhnaiiin.s Walk.) 
 Enneutoma (Spinola) I)alill)()m (= Juiri/toiiui Illiger), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XIV. 
 
 1857, p. 292. 
 Entedon Dalinan, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI., 1820, p. 136. (Type £. cyanelbix Dalnian.) 
 EpideruK Haliday (= T'etracampe Forster), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 297. 
 Epicopterus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 418. (Type^. choreiform^ Westw.) 
 Epiencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 340. (Type Encyrlm thyreo- 
 
 dontk Ashm.) 
 Epincms Walker (= Crroaphafa Westwood), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 368. 
 Epinajoideus Ashmead, gen. uov., ante. (Type E. vielanocepfialufs Ashm.) 
 
 Epinieus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 58. (Type Smicra dux Walk.) 
 Epipteromalus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 319. (Type E. algonquieniis Ashm.) 
 Epistenia Westwood, Griffiths' Anim. Kingd., Ins., II., 1832, p. 432. (Type E. ccmdeafn Westw.) 
 Epitelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoiil., X\"II., 1883, p. 61. (Type Chakis sfylafn 
 
 Walk.) 
 Epitranus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 26. (Type E.fidvescens Walk.) 
 Eretomocerus Haldeman, Am. Journ. Sci. & Arts (2), IX., 1850, p. 111. (Type E. oorni Hal- 
 
 deman.) 
 P>icydnus Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., 1 837, p. 363. (Type Encyrtm loiu/icomis Dalnian.) 
 Eriophilus Haldeman (= Aphelinus D-alman), Penn. Farm. Journ., August, 1851, p. 130. 
 Erotolepsia Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 99. (Type E. compada 
 
 How.) 
 Etroxys Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VL, 1833, i)p. 121 and 495. (Type E. piddierrimus 
 
 AVestw.) 
 Euchalcis Diifour, Ann. So(-. ent. France, 1861, p. 8. (Type E. miegii Dufour.) 
 Eucharis Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust, et Ins., III., 1802, p. 210. {Cynips adsendens Fabr.) 
 Eucharissa Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc, p. xxxvi. (Type E. speciosa 
 
 Westw.) 
 Euchrysia Westwood, Thes. ent. Oxon., 1S74, p. 139. (Type E. dtpiidca M'estw.) 
 Eucomys FiJrster (n. n. for Coinys Forster (= Eneyrtus Latr.), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 32. 
 Eudecatoma Ashmead, Entom. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type E. batatoides Ashm.) 
 Euderus Haliday, Trans. Eut. Soc. Loudon, III., 1843, p. 298. (Type Entedon amplus Walker.) 
 Euderm Thomson nee Haliday (= Tridioporus Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 276. 
 Eudoxima AValker (= Eudnxiinm Walker), Notes in Chalc, Pt. IV., 1871, y. 55. 
 Eudoxinna Walker (n. n. for Sosxetra Walk.), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 18(54, p. 207. 
 
 (Type Sosxetra transveraa Walk.) 
 Eulophopteryx Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 341. (Type E. diap<ida' Ashmead.) 
 Eulophus Geoffrey, Hist. abr. Ins., II., 1762, p. 312. (Type Idineumon pedlnkornia Linne.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSTFrCATTON OF THK rnALCID FLIES 375 
 
 Euneura Walker, Ann. tt mag. nat. hist., XIV., 1844, p. .331. (Type K angnrm Walk.) 
 Eunotus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 4i»7. (Tvpe E. cretacms Walk.) 
 Euophthalmoneyia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 3.39. (Type E. pallidojje.^ Ashm.) 
 Euoxysoma Ashmead, Ent. Amcr., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type Sy.'itole hraclui,>tc,;t Aslira.) 
 Eupelminus Dalla Torre (n. n. for FrocryjAm Westwood), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XYI., 1897, p. 85. 
 
 (Type Urocryptus crcavatm Westwood.) 
 Eupelmus Dalman, Svensk. Yet.-Akad. Handl., X LI ., 1 820, p. 377. (Type E. memnonim Dalman.) 
 Euperilampus Walker, Notes in Chalc, pt. 4, 1S71, p. 07. (Type PerUampus gloriosus Walk.) 
 Euplectrus Westwood, Philos. Mag. (3), I., 18.32, p. 128. (Type Pteroinalus bicolnr Swederus.) 
 Eiipristina Saunders, Traus. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. -5. (Type E. masonii Saund.) 
 Eupsilocem Westwood (n. n. for P^iJormi Walker), Intro. Mod. Cla.ss. Ins., II., 1844 ; Synop., p. (iO. 
 Eurycephalus Ashmead (= Kuriin-inihun Ashm.), Indian Museum Notes, 1903, p. (il. 
 Eurycranium Ashmead, n. n. for Enriicrphuhts Ashm. preoc. ante, p. 32(5. (Type E. alcoi-hi Ashm.) 
 p:urydinota Forster, Verh. d. iiatiirli. \'er. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1S78, p. 42. (Type E. lepto- 
 
 mera Fcirst.) 
 Euryischia Howard, Rep. IT. S. Dept. Agric, 1X88-89, p. 92. (Type E. IrstophonI Howard.) 
 Euryophrys Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 18.'>G, p. 144. (Type Calypso scrratultr Hal.) 
 Euryrhopalus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXL, 1898, p. 237. (Type E. schwwzl How.) 
 Euryseapus Forster (= Mira Schellenberg), Hym. Stud., II. , 18.'3(), p. 32. 
 Eurytoma lUiger, Rossi, Faun. Etrus., 2", 11, 1807, p. 128. (Type E. phinaia Illiger.) 
 Eurytomocharis Ashmead, Entom. Araer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type E. inhmta Ashm.) 
 Eusandalum Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstins., III., 18-52, p. 199. (Type E. abbreviafum Ratzeb.) 
 Euscapus Dahlbom {= I)inocarnk Forster), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.- Akad. Fiirh., XIV., 18.57, p. 
 
 292. 
 Eusemion Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Fiirh., XIV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Encyrtus 
 
 corriger Haliday.) 
 Eustochus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 349. (Type E. utrlpennk Haliday.) 
 Eustypiura Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type E. bkolor Ashm.) 
 
 Eutelus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 18.34, p. 356. (Type E. vulr/m-h Walk. 9, di/rdus Walk. J'.) 
 Eutrkhe Nees (= PolynenM Haliday (partiin) = < hicionus Haliday (|)artim), lehn. attin. Monogr., 
 
 IL, 1834, p. 196. 
 Eutrichosoma Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 291. (Type E. ininihUc .Vsliin.) 
 
 E.xochlicnus Shipp, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVIL, 1894, p. 245. (Type Lnn-oxpif ,nithi(l!o!,Ie.s Westw.) 
 E.ruru.s Philippi (= Trichopornx Forster), Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XXXIV., 1873, p. 29(5. 
 
 F. 
 Flabrinus Rondani {==Mymar Haliday), Bull. Soe. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 180. 
 Forsterella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Hyptrbius Fih-ster), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XYL, 1897, p. 86. 
 
 (Type Hyperbius favipes Forster.) 
 Froggattia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 2-38. (Type F. polila Ashm.) 
 
376 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 G. 
 Galeavia Brulle {= Thoracanthn Latreille), Hist, natur. Ins. Hym., IV., 1846, p. 527. 
 GanaMia Dalla Torre (n. n. for Derostenm Thomson, (parfim) = Fediohius Walker), Wien. ent. 
 
 Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 85. 
 Ganosoma Mayr (= J* Mimes Walker), Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wieu, XXXV., 1885, pp. 160, 
 
 202. 
 Gasiracanthus Westwood {=Hdero.vijs Westwood), Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 183.3, p. 121. 
 Gastrancistrus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Philos. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 444. (Type G. vagam 
 
 Westvv.) 
 Geniocerus Ratzeburg (= c? Tdrasfichus Haliday), Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II., 1848, pp. 174; tab. 
 
 3, f. 21. 
 Gitognathus Thomson (n. n. for Sph(eripalpus Forster), Hym. Skand., IV., 1876, pp. 220, 232 
 
 (Type Sph(cripalpus viridis Forster.) 
 Glyphe Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 170. (Type G. autumnali^ Walk.) 
 Gli/phomerus Forster ( = Olicjosthenus Forster), Hym. Stud., II., 1 856, p. 43. 
 Gnatho Curtis (= Metopachki Westwood), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 6. 
 Gonatocerus Nees, Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 192. (Type G. hmgkoniis Xees.) 
 Goniocerus Ratzeburg, vide Geniocerus. 
 Goniogaster Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 157, 241. (Type G. varu- 
 
 eolor Mayr.) 
 Gyrolasia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. (Type Pteroptrix menes W'alker.) 
 
 H. 
 
 Habritys Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 54. (Type Pferomalus brevicornis Ratzeburg.) 
 Habrocytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 109. (Type Fteromalus albipennis W^alker.) 
 Habrolepis Fiirster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. (Type Encyrtus dalmani Westwood.) 
 Habrolepoidea Howard, Jouru. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 90. (Type H. gfauca 
 
 How.) 
 Habrolepopteryx Ashinead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 330. (Type Psilophrys 
 
 pulchripennis Ashm.) 
 Halidayella Dalla Torre (n. n. for IlaUdea Forster, = Metapehaa Westwood), Wien. ent. Zeitg., 
 
 XVL, 1897, p. 85. 
 Hahdea Forster (= Metapelma Westwood), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 31. 
 Halizoa Forster (n. n. for Urolepis Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. 
 Halticella Forster (n. n. for Haltichella Spinola), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 29. 
 Haltichella Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 148. (Type Chahis pusilla Fabr.) 
 Halticoptera Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 148. (Type Diploiepis flavicorrm. 
 
 Spinola.) 
 Harmolita Motschulsky (= /soso»irt Walker), Bull. soc. natural. Moscow, XXXV., 1863, p. 58. 
 
 (Type H. longicornis Motsch.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATIOX OF THE CHALCID FLIES 377 
 
 Harmolyta Dalla Torre (u. n. for Hai-molita Motschiilskv), Cat. Hvni., Y., 1898, p. 154. 
 Hemsenasius Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. .•};}6. (Type II. confiisK.s 
 
 Ashmead.) 
 Hemencyrtus Ashmead, Pn)C. U. S. Xut. Museiiin, XXII., 1900, pp. :]:\~ , ;544. (Type H. her- 
 
 bertii Ashmead.) 
 Hemiptarsenus Westwocxl, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 18;?3, p. 122. (Type II. fnh'u-oll'ix M'cstw.) 
 Hemitorymus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 243. (Type II. thorackm A.shm.) 
 Hemitrichus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 'A. (Type II. nijipcs Thomson.) 
 Heniceti-m Thomson {= Evrizotes FiJrster), Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 100. 
 Henicopygus Ashmead, Proo. U. 8. Xat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. :529. (Type //. xulmpterux 
 
 Ashmead.) 
 Heptocondyla Rondani, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1X77, p. 182. (Type I'Uronialus mih-oli,,- \\o\\.) 
 Hepfomcni.s Rondani (= Chrysocharis Fiirster), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., \'I., 1874, p. 1. '>.">. 
 Heptasmiera Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type Smiera obliterata West.) 
 Herbertia Howard, Journ. JAnx). Hoc. liondon, Zoiil., XXV., 1894, p. 98. (Type //. hw/-)ts 
 
 Howard.) 
 Heterandrium Mayr (= $ C'lilyoKdcIiux 'Mayr, parti m), Verh. zool.-bot. Uesell. Wien, XXX., 1885, 
 
 pp. 157, 158. 
 Heterandrium Mayr, he. cit. .wpra. (Type H. biuimulitium Mayr.) 
 
 Heteranthrellus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI., 1 898, p. 239. (Type H. audraHai.v.s How.) 
 Helro.rys Westwood (u. n. for Etroxyn Westwood), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840 ; Synop., p. 7 1 . 
 Hexacladia Ashmead, Ins. Life, III., 1891, p. 45(i. (Type H. Smithii Ashm.) 
 Heydenia Fiirster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 46. (Ty))e H. pretiosa Fbrst.) 
 Hexasmiera Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 242. (Type Smiera transversa Walk.) 
 mppocrp/mlim Ashmead {=■ Zagrammosoma Ashmead), Bull. No. 3, Kansas Exp. Sta. 18, App., 
 
 vii. (Type H. multUineatus Ashm.) 
 Hippota (Haliday) Walker, Notes Chalc., Pt. 3, 1871, p. 47. (Type Vhalck pedlnwonu.-< Latr.) 
 Hockeria (I.eporte) Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 34. (Type H. dea-Jus Walk.) 
 Holaspis Mayr, A^erh. Zool.-bot. (Jesell. AVien, XXIV., 1874, p. 8.3. ' (Type Torymm mllifaris 
 
 Boheman.) 
 Holcseus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 104. (Type If. dichroiin (Dalm.) Thomson.) 
 Holcencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, pp. •">-'j9, 34(). (Tyjie //. dichrom 
 
 Thomson.) 
 Hok-oijelte Fiirster (= Hon.wiaw.s Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. 
 Holcopeltoideus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 341. (Type H. petlolatm Ashm.) 
 Holcolhora.r Mayr (= Affeniuspis Dahlbom), Verh. Zool.-bot Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, j). 691. 
 Homalopoda Howard, .Journ. Linn. Sf)c. London, Zoiil., XXV., 1894, p. 90. (Type //. crtshda 
 
 How.) 
 Homalotylus Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. (Jesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 752. (Type Eiwyrtm flam- 
 
 iniuis Dalm.) 
 
378 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Homoporus Thomson, Hym. Skancl., V., 1878, p. 60. (Type Pteromalus fuh-iventri.s WsiikeT.) 
 Hontalia Camerou, Biol. Centr.-Amei-. Hym., I., 1884, p. 112. (Type H. coerulea Cam.) 
 Hooheria Holmgren (n. n. for Hockeria Walker), Freg. Eiig. Resa. Ins., 1868, p. 436. 
 Hoplocrepis Ashraead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wasliington, I., 18[»0, p. 235. (Type H. cdbiclavus 
 
 Ashmead.) 
 Hoplopsis Destefani, Natural. Sicil., VIII., 1899, p. 140. (Type H. mayri, Destefani.) 
 Horismenus (Haliday) Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 117. (Type H.cleodora 
 
 Walker.) 
 Hormocerus Forster (u. n. for Ornmcerua Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 59, 60. 
 Howanlia Dalla Torre (= Hoimrdiella Dalla Torre), Wien ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 86. 
 Howardiella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Howardia Dalla Torre), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 228. (Type 
 
 Bofhriothonix peckhami Ashm.) 
 Hubbardiella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 339. (Type //. arizonensis Ashm.) 
 Hybothorax Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., I., 1844, p. 209. (Type H. graffii Ratzeb.) 
 Hyperhim Forster (= Forsterdla Dalla Torre), Verb. d. uaturh. Ver. pr. Rheiul., XXXV., 1878, 
 
 p. 58. 
 Hyperteles Forster (n. u. for Oxyomorpha Forster), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 84. (Type 
 
 Euloplms elongntus Forster.) 
 Hypopteromalus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 320. (Type Pteromalus tabacum Fitch.) 
 Hypsicamera Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 52. (Type H. ratzehurgil Forst.) 
 
 I. 
 
 Idarnella Westwood (= I'liilotrypeais Forster), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 37. 
 Idarnes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1843, p. 47. (Type /. carme Walk.) 
 Idoleupelmus Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1890, p. 13. (Type /. annulicornis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Imnisa Walker (= Sycophila Walker), The Eutom., VIII. , 1875, p. 15. 
 
 Ischnopsis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 161. (Type I. opJdhalinica Ashm.) 
 laocratus Fijrster (n. u. for Asaphes Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 53, 58. 
 Isocyrtus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 465. (Type /. ketus Walker.) 
 Isodromus Howard, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric, 1886, p. 488. (Type J. iceryce Howard.) 
 Isomerala Shepp, The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 188. (Type Thoracantha coronata Westw.) 
 Isoplata Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 60. (Type /. geniculata Fiirster.) 
 Isosoma Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1832, p. 13. (Type Ichneumon verticillata Fabr.) 
 Isosomacharis Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type I. sulcata Ashm.) 
 Isosomodes Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type Isosoma gigantea Ashm.) 
 Tsosomorpha Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 45. (Type /. europte Ashm.) 
 
 K. 
 Kapala Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 102. (Type Eucliaris furcata Fabr.) 
 Koebelea Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 238. (Type K. australiensis Ashm.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OK THE CHALCIl) FLIES 379 
 
 Kradibia Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 23. (Type K. cotixmii Saund.) 
 Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre (n. n. for Or/ops Kreichbaumer), Wien. out. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 
 84. (Type Cfr/ops pafprhrator Kricclib.) 
 
 L. 
 Livlup.^ Dalla Torre (n. n. for Lrlaps Ilaliday), Cat. Ilym., \'., 18!)S, p. IS}. 
 Lcesthia Haliday (= Ororcphala Westwood), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, ].. 3.">r). 
 Lffitocantha Shipp, the Entoni., XXVII., 1894, p. 188. (Type Tlundnintha naxiut Walker.) 
 Lamrostylxx F()rster ( = ('lirifsn/(iiiij)i(s ap'm.) Hyin. Stud., II., IS.")!!, p. 42. (Ty|)e L. i,iiii<-f(ilux 
 
 Forster.) 
 Lamprotatus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 121. (Type L. sphwlem Westw.) 
 Larradomorpha Stadelman, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXVII., 1892, p. 238. (Type L. iiix!</iits 
 
 Stadelm.) 
 Lasionycliiis Siiipp (= rruiiir/i,i Kirhy), The Entom., XXVII., IS'.I4, \k 188. 
 Lathromeris Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1806, p. 87. (Type L. snitc/lnris Ki>rster.) 
 Lecaniobius Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1 S!)0, p. 1 7. (Ty])e L. cochi'i-cl/i! Aslnnead.) 
 Leimacis Forster, Linnean Entom., II., 1847, p. 208. (Type L. rufula Forst.) 
 Lelaps Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1843, p. 47. (Type iMerostmiis .^cHhi/r.s ^yalker.) 
 Leptomastix Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. (Type L. histrio Mayr.) 
 Leucaspis Burmeister (n. n. for Leuconpis Fabricius), Arch. f. Naturg., I., 1845, p. 47. 
 Leucodesmia Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1895, p. 403. (Type L. typka How.) 
 LeucopaiH Olivier (n. n. for Leucospis Fabricius), Encycl. Method. Insect., VII., 1792, p. 531. 
 Leucospis Fabricius, Syst. ent., 1775, p. 36. (Type L. dorsigera Fabr.) 
 IJmacis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Leimacis Forster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 430. 
 Liocariui Thomson {=Prionomaiitix Mayr.), Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 115, 121. 
 Lioterphus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1 875, pp. 60, 69. (Type Toriimux pulliilironiix Boheinan.) 
 Liothorax Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. (Jesell. Wien, XX^^, 1875, ji. 728. (Type Eiin-;/fiis ;/l,ij,li_i/ni 
 
 Walk.) 
 Lirata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 102. (Type L. luteogastcr Cameron.) 
 Litomastix Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 171. (Type Encyrtus chakonotus Dalman.) 
 Litus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 345. (Type L. cynipseun Hal.) 
 liochites Fiirster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, pp. 43, 44. (Type L. pa2Xir<'ri,t Filrst.) 
 Lonchentedon Ratzeburg ( = Aprostocera.s Westwood), Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, p. 215. 
 LonchoceruH Dahlbom {=3Iini Schellenberg), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Fiirh., XIV., 1857, p. 
 
 292. 
 Lophocomodia Ashmead, Bull. No. .'!, Kansas State Agri. College, 1888 ; Append., p. vi. (Type 
 
 L. ameriaina Ashm.) 
 Lophocomus Ilaliday, Trans. Knt. Soe. London, III., 1843, p. 297. (Type CirroKjiilus (inailiii 
 
 Walk.) 
 Lophyrocera Cameron, iJiol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 102. (Type L. strnmineijje.s Cam.) 
 
380 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Lopodites Ronclaiii ( n. n. for LojAodi/tci Rondani), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1S77, p. 19. 
 Lopodytes Rondani, Ann. Soc. Nat. Modena, II., 1867, p. 39. (Type L. primicola Roud.) 
 Lutnes Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 125. (Type L. ornaticornis Cam.) 
 Lycisca Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 14. (Type L. raptoria Spin.) 
 
 Lymmicnon (Haliday) Walker (= Gonnfocerus Nees), Ann. & Mag. Xat. Hist., XYIII., 1 845, \). 49. 
 Lyrciis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Xat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114. (Type L. orlgo Walker, 9.) 
 
 M. 
 
 Macreupelmus Aslimead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 189(), p. 13. (Type M. brasiliemis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Macroglenes Westwood, Lond. & Edinl). Phil. Soc. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. (Type Ichneumon pene- 
 trans Kirby.) 
 Macromesus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. Kil. (Type M. amphinitm Walk.) 
 Macroneura Walker (= (^ Enpelmus Dalman), Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 353. 
 Macrorileya Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 264. (Type Rileya ceoanthi Ashm.) 
 Maerodk/mn Rondani (= Me(jmpUm Westwood), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 181. 
 Malfattea Meunier (= Litus Haliday), Ann. Soc. Sient. Bruxelles, XXV., 1901, p. 6. (Type 31. 
 
 molitorus Meunier.) 
 Marietta Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. ent. natural. Moscow, XXXA'I., 1863, p. 52. (Type 31. kpar- 
 
 dina Motsch.) 
 Marres Walker, The Eutom., I., 1841, ]). 217. (Type 31. dicoiitas Walker.) 
 Megalocolus Kirby, -lourn. Linn. Soc. London, Zoill., XVII., 1883, p. (51. (Type HnlilccUn 
 
 ducaiov Walk.) 
 3Ief/apelte Forster {u. n. tor Eunotus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 63. 
 Megastigmus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., XLL, 1820, p. 178. (Type Ichneinnon dor- 
 
 salis Fabr.) 
 Megorismus Walker, List Chalcid. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 29. (Type 3Ikcogmter daipliron 
 
 Walk.) 
 Melanosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov. ante, p. 251. (Type 31. imindciiltitd Ashm.) 
 Melittobia AVestwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1847, Proc, p. xviii, 1S49, Proc, p. Ixv. 
 
 (Type Cirronpihis a-ccesta Walk.) 
 Merismus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 375. (Type 31. mer/apterus Walk.) 
 Merisus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 166. (Type 31. splendidm Walk.) 
 3IeroU(jon Rondani (= Aphelinns Dalman), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 1S5. 
 Meromalus AValker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 178. (Type 3J.faricoruls Walk.) 
 Meromyzobia Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXIL, 1900, pp. 328, 33:5. (Type Eiicrjdnus 
 
 macalipennis Ashm.) 
 Meroporus Blanchard (= 3Iekistenus Walk.), Hist. nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 270. 
 Meraporus Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 353. (Type 31. graminicola Walk.) 
 Merostenus Walker, Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 354. (Type 31. phcdyma Walk.) 
 
ashmead: classification of the ciialcid flies 381 
 
 Mesidia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 30. (Type unknown.) 
 
 Mesopolobus Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 443. (Type M./asciirevtrin ^\'est^^.)()d.) 
 
 Mestocharis Fiirster, Verli. d. naturli. Ver. pr. Ulieinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 50. (Type M. cyelo- 
 
 xpild For.ster.) 
 Metacolus FiJr.ster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type M. unifasciatus Fiirster.) 
 Metadontia A.shmead, Entotn. Amer., lY., 1888, p. 87. (Type Smicra montana Ashni.) 
 Metagea Kirky, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, Zoiil., XX., 1886, p. 30. {Type Eucha rinzalates Walk.) 
 Metallon Walker, List Clialc. Brit. Museum, II., 1848, p. 219. (Type M. acamllh Walk.) 
 Metallopsiit Westwood (= Leucosjm Fabricius), Zeitsch. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265. 
 Mctnmorpha Walker (= Bootanln Dalla Torre), Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1862, p. 34(). 
 
 (Type M. leiico><i)o'u]ex Walk.) 
 Metapelma We.stwood, Proc. Zoill. Soc. London, 111., ls;;5, p. 69. (Type M. xixrktbilis Westw.) 
 Metastenus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 301. (Type 31. coneinnm AValk.) 
 Melapopachiit Dalla Torre (n. n. for il/e/o;>«(7i/o. Westwood), Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 
 p. 159. 
 Mdopachla Westwood (= (ol<i.s Curtis), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840; Synop., p. 71. 
 Metopon Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 302. (Type M. ntrum Walk.) 
 Mvtopum Fiirster (n. n. for Aletnpon Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 64. 
 Micradelus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 170. (Type M. n,hnul,i.. Walk.) 
 Micranisa Walker, The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 18. (Type Llnnws ptrr.,m,lni,lrs Walk.) 
 Micrapion Krieehhanmer, Berlin, ent. Zcitsdir., XXXIX., 1894, p. 315. (Tyju- J/, hilinmtum 
 
 Kriechb.) 
 Microlytus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 223. (Type M. hekrocei-ux Thomson.) 
 Microimi Curtis (= Tr'u-hogmmma Westwood), Guide Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 137. 
 Micromelus AValker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 4()4. (Type M. »Hvanm Walk.) 
 Microplectron Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. l^'.rli., XIV., 1857, p. 292. (Type Enlnhu 
 
 fmnpenu'iH Zetterstedt.) 
 J/Jcrote-iM Spiuola {= Eldchclux Spiimla), Ann. nms. iiist. nat., XVII., ISI I, p. 151'. 
 Microterys Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 155. (Type Em-tjdm sijlriux Dalman.) 
 Miotropis Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 187S, p. 197. (Type M. suhierkta Thomson.) 
 Mii-a Schellenberg, Genres des Moush Dipt., 1803, p. 67. (Type M. macrocera Sehellenb.) 
 Mkchof/ader Howard (n. n. for Mi.scof/mter Walk.), Ent. Amer., II., 1886, p. 3.3. 
 Miscogaster Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 458. (Type il/. hort<nsis Walk.) 
 Mischosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 251. (Type M. Kali/ii .Vshni.) 
 MIsina Rondani (= Aphelinm Dalman), Arch. p. 1. ZotJl. (2), II. , 1870, p. 11. 
 Misocarnpm Latreille (= Tovymiix Dalman), Nouv. diet. hist, nat., Ed. 2", 1817. 
 Misocharh Rondani (= Minocorbi Rondani), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., VI., 1874, p. 125. 
 MisocoriH Rondani (= J' Anmtatus Motsehulsky), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1887, p. 186. 
 Muoonema Motsehulsky, Bull. Soc. nat. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 60. (Type M. (imkhi 
 
 Motsch.) 
 
382 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Monobseus Fiirster, Yerh. d. natiirh. Yer. pr. Rheinl., XYII., 1860, p. 95. (Type M. cinyulufus 
 
 Forst.) 
 Monodontomerus Westwood, Lond. & Ediii. Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 443. (Type M. ob- 
 
 scurus Westvv.) 
 Moranila Cameron (= Toniocera Howard), Trans. Ent. See. London, 1883, p. 188. 
 Mormoniella Ashraead, gen. nov., ante, p. 316. (Type 3L brevieornis Ashm.) 
 Muscidia INIotschulsky, Bull. Soc. natural d. Moscou, XXXVL, 1863, p. 70. (Type M. obscurm 
 
 Westw. 
 Myina Nees (= A-pheUniis Dalman), Hyra. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 189. 
 Myiocnema Ashmead, Can. Ent., XXXII., 1900, p. 349. (Type 31. comprrri Ashm.) 
 3Iyiommi Rondani (= Euderus Haliday), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 189. 
 Mymar Haliday, Curtis, Brit. Ent, IX., 1832, p. 411. (Type M. jmlchel/us Hal.) 
 Mymarilla Westwood, Trans. Linn. Soc. London., Zool. (2), I., 1878, p. 585. (Type 31. tapro- 
 
 banica Westw.) 
 Myrmecomimesis Dalla Torre (n. u. for 3Iyrmecopsis Walker), Wien ent. Zeitg., XYL, 1897, p. 
 
 87. (Type 3IynneGopsis nigricans Walk.) 
 3Iyrmecopsis Walker (= 3Iyrmecomimesis Dalla Torre), Trans. Ent. Soc. Loudon (3), II., 1866, p. 
 
 442. 
 
 N. 
 Nannocerus Mayr (= (^ Physothorux Mayr), Yerh. Zool. -hot. Gesell. Wien, XXXY., 1885, pp. 
 
 159, 195. 
 Neochalcis Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XYIL, 1883, p. 63. (Type Euchalcis 
 
 vetusta Dufour.) 
 Neorileya Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 264. (Type N.flavipes Ashm.) 
 Xesomyia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 344. (Type N. albipes Ashm.) 
 Nobrimns Thomson (= Homalotylus Mayr), Hym. Skand., lY., 1875, pp. 116, 137. 
 Norbanus Walker, Ann. Soc. ent. France (2), I., 1843, p. 158. (Type N. dymuhs Walk.) 
 Xotanisomorpha Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 356. (Type N. coUaris Ashm.) 
 Notanisus Walker, Ent. Mag., lY., 1837, p. 352. (Type Y. versicolor Walk.) 
 Xotaspidium Dalla Torre (n. n. for Notaspis Walker), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XYL, 1897, p. 87. 
 
 (Type Nofwipis formidformis Walk.) 
 Nokwpvi Walker (= Xotaspidium Dalla Torre), Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 21, 37. 
 Xotopodium Dahlbom (= Podagrion Spin.), Ofvers Sveusk. Yet.-Akad. Forh., XIY., 1857, p. 
 
 295. 
 
 O. 
 Octosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type <>. hiticips Ashm.) 
 fJdopcea Dalla Torre (n. n. for Odopoia Walker, emend.), Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 315. 
 Odopoia Walker, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 2, 1871, p. 36. (Type 0. aira Walker.) 
 Oligosita Haliday, Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (2), YIL, 1851, p. 211. (Type 0. collina 
 
 (Haliday) Walk.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 383 
 
 Oligosthenus Forster, Hvm. Stud., II., ISoO, p. 14o. (Type Ichneumon sfir/ma Fabr.) 
 
 Oli)ur Mayr (n. n. for Olyn^i- FiJrster emend.), Yerh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXVII., 1 878, p. 158. 
 
 Olynx Fiirster, Hyra. Stud., II., 1856, p. 73. (Type Ichneumon gallurum Linn^.) 
 
 Omphale Haliday, Ent. Mag. I., 1833, p. 339. (Type 0. salieis Hal.) 
 
 Ooctonus Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 343. (Type O. imignis Hal.) 
 
 Oodera WestM'ood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 145. (Type 0. gracilis Westw.) 
 
 Ooderella Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wa-shington, IV., 1896, p. 10. (Type 0. umithii Ashm.) 
 
 Ooeneyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, pp. 338, 345. (Type Encyrlm 
 
 clisiocamjxe Aslim.) 
 Oomyzus Rondani (= 9 Andstntm Motscliulsky), Bull. Soc. comm. Agrar. I'arma, III., 1870, p. 
 
 140. 
 Oophthora Aurivellius (= Peidarthron Riloy), Eut. Tidskr., XVIII., 1897, y>. 250. 
 Ophelimm Dalla Torre (n. u. for Ophelinm Haliday), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 70. 
 Ophelinus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 300. (Type Eulophus H,:si,!ii(x Walk.) 
 Ophelosia Riley, Ins. Life, II., 1890, p. 249. (Type O. crairfordi Riley.) 
 Ophion Ratzeburg (= Chcetosticha Haliday pars), Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1852, p. 196. 
 Ophioneurm Ratzeburg (= Poropcea Forster), Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, pp. 197, 248. 
 Orasema Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Araer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 105. (Type 0. stramineipes Cam.) 
 Ormocerus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 168. (Type 0. latus AValk.) 
 
 Ormyrus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. (Type 0. pundigev Westw.) 
 Otitesella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 39. (Type O. diijitata Westw.) 
 Oxycoryphe Krieehbaumer, Berl. eut. Zeitschr., XXXIX., 1894, p. 67. (Type O. siikcnea 
 
 Kriechb.) 
 Oxyglypta Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 64. (Type unknown.) 
 Oxymorpha Forster {= IL/pcrtek.s Forster), Hym. Stud., II., 1851), j>. 145. (Type Eiilophun 
 
 clongafus Forst.) 
 
 P. 
 Pnehycernx Ratzeburg (= Pioptrownia Ratzeburg), Ichn. d. Forstins., I., 1844, p. 217. 
 PachychifH-s Agassiz (n. n. for Clwiropachyti Westwood), X^omancl. ZolJl. ind. univ., 1848, Hym., 
 
 p. 777. 
 Pachycrepis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 51. (Type Coruna clavata Walk.) 
 Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 329. (Type P. dubim Ashm.) 
 Pachy/arthrns Westwood (= Halticoplem Spinola), Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. 
 Pachyneuron Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 380. (Type P.Jonnomm Walk.) 
 Pachyscapha Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoill., XXVI., 1896, p. 159. (Type P. insularis 
 
 Howard.) 
 Pachytomus Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, IV., 1847, p. 260. (Type /'. klugianus 
 
 Westw.) 
 Pakeomyrmar Meunier (? = Ooctonus Haliday), Ann. Soc. Sci. de Bruxcltos, XXV., I!t01, p. 1:57, 
 
 pi. I., figs. 12, 13, 14. 
 
384 MEMOIRS OF THE CAKNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Palnion Dalmaii (= Podar/rion Spinola), Svensk. Vet.-Akacl. HaiuU., XLVI., 1825, p. 388. 
 Pandelus Fiirster, Hyni. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type Cleonyrmis flavipea Forst.) 
 Panstenon Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Mu.«eum, I., 1846, p. 29. (Type MiseoyaMcr o.ri/lu>< Walk.) 
 Panthalis Cameron (= OimcroacWi Dalla Torre), Proc. Manchester Phil. Soc, XXVI., 1888, 
 
 p. 121. 
 Panthm AValker (= Gonatocerus Nees), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XYIII., 1846, p. 52. 
 Paphagus AValker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 184:5, p. 47. (Type P. sidero Walker.) 
 Paracaratomus Ashinead, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, XXI., 1894, p. 335. (Type P. cephaJotes 
 
 Ash mead.) 
 Paracentrobia Howard, Joiirn. Linn. Soc. London, Zoi)!., XX VL, 1896, p. 178. (Type P. punc- 
 tata Howard.) 
 Paracrias Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 343. (Type P. laticeps Ashni.) 
 ParaliBsthia Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 110. (Type P. mundiljularw 
 
 Cameron.) 
 Paraolinx Ashmead, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zolil., XXY., 1X94, p. 166. (P. Ihicatifrons 
 
 Ashmead.) 
 Parapsilophrys Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., XXI., 1898, p. 232. (Type P. gelechke How.) 
 Parasaphes Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 328. (Type P. iceyw Ashm.) 
 Paraterobia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 27J. (Type P. nigriceps Ashm.) 
 Parapteromalus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 322. (Type P. isosomafin Ashm.) 
 Parencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns., XXIL, 1900, pp. 335, 342. (Type P. brasilumis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Pediobius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVIL, 1 846, p. 1 84. (Type Eniedon Imbrcas Walker.) 
 Pegopus Fijrster (n. n. for Prosojmn Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. (Type Prosopon 
 
 montanm Walker.) 
 Pelecinella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc, London, 1868; Proc, p. xxxv. (Type P. phantasma 
 
 Westw.) 
 Pelorotelus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 341. (Type P. cmruleus Ashm.) 
 Pentacladia Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 69. (Type P. degans Westw.) 
 Pentacnemus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV., 1892, p. 366. (Type P. biwcidatricis Howard.) 
 Pentarthron Riley, Record Amer. Ent. for 1871 (1872), p. 8. (Type T. mimitum Riley.) 
 Pentarlhrum Dalla Torre ( n. n. for Pentarthron Riley), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 2. 
 Pentasmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type P. hrasiliensh Ashm.) 
 Pentastichus Ashmead, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XXV., 1 894, p. 1 87. (Type P. xanthopus Ashm.) 
 Pentelicus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIL, 1895, p. 611. (Type P. aldrichi Howard.) 
 Peridesmia Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 65. (Type unknown.) 
 
 Periglyphus Bobeman {=Onnyrus Westwood), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Haudl., LI^^, 1833, p. 378. 
 Perilampus Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins., IV., 1809, p. 30. (Type Oynijjs italica Fabr.) 
 Perissopterus Howard, Techn. Series, No. 1, U. S. Dept. Agric, 1895, p. 20. (Type Aphelinus 
 pulclu'liux Howard.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THK CHALCID FMKS 385 
 
 Pezo^MW FiJrster (=\vingless 9 of Erici/ditits Walker), Vcrli. il. luitiirli. Vcr. pr. I\heinl., XVII., 
 
 1860, p. 129. 
 P/iacostoma ^ees (=Haf(icoptera Spinola), Idin. attin. Monogr., ii., 1834, p. 121. 
 Phanacra Forster, Yerh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Khcinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 51. (Type P. nuhkjeru 
 
 FiJrst.) 
 Phsenodiscus Forster, Hym. Stud., TI., 18r)f), p. 144. (Type Encip-tm anetia Dalnian.) 
 Phagona Curtis {= Halticoptem Spinola), Brit. Ent., IX., 1832, p. 427. 
 
 Phasganophora Dalla Torre (n. n. for Phasgonophoni AVcstwood), Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, ]). 371. 
 Phasgouophora Westwood, Griffith's Anim. Kingdom, Ins., II., 1832, p. 77. (Type P. sulcata 
 
 Westw.) 
 PLeidoloxenus Aslimead, gen. nov., ante, p. 328. (Type P. tvheelcri Ashm.) 
 Philachyra Haliday, Walker, Notes on Clialc., Pt. 1, 1871, p. 7. (Type 1\ />.s Haliday.) 
 Philomides Haliday, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), II., 18G2, p. 1 l.J. (Type P. jxiphias Haliday.) 
 Philotrypesis Forster, Verb. d. naturh. Ver. pr. KheiiiL, XXXV., 1878, p. 59. (Type Ci/nips 
 
 caricce Hasselquest.) 
 Phlebopeues Perty, Delect., anim. artic. Brasil, 1833, p. 131. (Type P. sp/eiididus Perty.) 
 Photismus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 15. (Type P. nihiloaits Thomson.) 
 Phylloxeroxenus Ashmead, Entom. Amcr., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (TyT^e Eiirytonia phylloxcrac 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Physcus Howard, Bull. U. S. Dcpt. Agrio. Techn. Series, No. 1, 1895, p. 43. (Type Coccopliagun 
 
 variconiis How.) 
 Physotborax Mayr, Ver. Zuol.-bot. (iescll. Wien, XXXA"., 1885, pp. 159, 196. (Type Phi/xo- 
 
 thorax duscigera INIayr (^, IHamorus variahilix Mayr Q .) 
 Picroseytus Thomson [= Arthrolysis FiJrster), Hym. Skand., \., 1878, p. 58. 
 Pirene Haliday, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 33G. (Type P. variconiis Hal.) 
 Plastocharis Forster (n. n. for Thymniis Haliday), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 145. 
 Platygerrbus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 13. (Type P. gracilis Thomson.) 
 Platymesopus Westwood, Lond. cV Kdin., Phil. ]\Iag. (3), II., 18.33, p. 444. (Type P. tibialis 
 
 Westw.) 
 Platyneura Motscbulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXA'L, 1863, ]>. 51. (Type P. fcstacea 
 
 Motsch.) 
 Platynocheilus Westw., Ent. Mag., lY., 1837, p. 436. (Tyjie P. iriclisonii Westw.) 
 Platy-scapba Motscbulsky, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscow, XXXA'I., 18()3, p. 47. (Type P. fron- 
 talis Motsch.) 
 Platyterma Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 303. (Type P. nohilr Walk.) 
 Platyternms Thomson (n. n. for Platyterma Walker), Hym. Skand., \'., 1S7S, p. 75. 
 Pleistodontes Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 8. (Type P. imperialis Saund.) 
 Plesiostigma Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXX., 1885, p. 226. (Type P. bicolor Mayr.) 
 Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 243. (Type P. hrasilieiisis Ashm.) 
 Pleuropachus Westwood, Ent. Mag., lY., 18:57, p. t.-57, tig. 1. (Type Entedon costalis Dalman.) 
 
386 MEMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Pleuropachys Forster (n. n. for Pleumpachm Westwood), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. 
 Pleurotropis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. (Type Entedon bimacidarh Dalm.) 
 Plutothrix Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 46. (Type unknown.) 
 
 Podagrion Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, uat., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type P. fsplcndem Spin.) 
 Polanisa Walker, The Entom., VIII., 1875, p. 17. (Type Idarnes transiens Walk.) 
 Polistomorpha Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265. (Type P. surinamensu^ Westw.) 
 Polycdis Thomson (= Polyscelis Dalla Torre), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 143. 
 Polychroma Westwood (= Chalcededes Walker), Ther. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 140. 
 Polychromatium Dalla Torre (n. n. for Chalcedectes AA^alker), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
 Polycystus Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840; Synop., p. 68. (Type P. matthewsii Westw.) 
 Polymoria Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 31. (Type P. coronuta Thoms.) 
 Polyscelis Dalla Torre (n. n. for Polycells Thomson), Wien. ent. Zeitg., XVI., 1897, p. 87. 
 
 (Type Pteromalus conspm-sus Walker.) 
 Poropcea FiJrster, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., VIII., 1851, p. 28 ; tab. 1, fig. 10""'. (Type 
 
 P. stollwerckii Forst.) 
 Prestwichia Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XXIV., 1863, p. 140. (Type P. aquntka Lub.) 
 Priomerus Walker (= Podagrion Spinola), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 116. 
 Prionomastix Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 725. (Type Encyrtus morio 
 
 Dalm.) 
 Prionomitus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV., 1875, p. 701. (Type Encyrtus mitratus 
 
 Dalm.) 
 Prionopelma Westwood (= Phlchopenes Perty), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 51. 
 Prionopus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLVL, 1826, p. 393. 
 Pristosmicra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type sexinaculatus Ashm.) 
 Prodecatoma Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 261. (Type P. flavescens Ashm.) 
 Proglockin Dalla Torre (n. n. for Proglochk Philippi = I/yciscus Spinola), Cat. Hym. V., 1898, 
 
 p. 231. 
 Proglochis Philippi (= Lycknm Spinola), Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XXXIL, 1871, p. 288. 
 Prosodes Walker (= Crypfoprymna Forster), Ent. Mag., I., 1833, pp. 371, 374. 
 Protoceras Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVII., 1883, p. 60. (Type Smicra leucotelam 
 
 Walk.) 
 Prosopon Walker (= Pegogus Forster), Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 356. 
 Prospalta Howard, Ins. Life, VII., 1894, p. 6. (Type P. murtfeldtii How.) 
 Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 340, 346. (Tyi)e Encyrtus 
 
 cecidomyke How.) 
 Pseudisa Walker (= Sycophlla Walker), The Entom., VIIL, 1875, p. 15. 
 Pseudochalcis Kirby, .Journ. Liim. Soc. London, ZnoL, XVII., 1883, p. 62. (Type HalticeUa 
 
 declarator Walk.) 
 Pseudometagea Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1897, p. 239. (Type Mctagea 
 
 schwarzii Ashm.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCII) FLIES 387 
 
 Psiloccra WalktT, Ent. Mag., I., 183:?, i)p. 371, .'573. (Type P. obsruru Walk.) 
 Psilogastcr Blancbard, Hist. Xat. d. Ins., III., 1840, p. 2<>0. (Type P. cupreus Blanch.) 
 Psilonotus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 168, 179. (Type P. adamas Walk.) 
 Psilophrvs Mayr, Yerli. Zool-bot. Gesell. Wieu, XXV., 1875, p. 727. (Type Enci/rtii>> lont/icornis 
 
 Walk.) 
 PsylK-ephagus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 339, 345. (Tyi)e Encyrlm 
 
 pnchypsyllcR How.) 
 Pterahmus Packard (= PackanJiella Ashmead), Proc. Essex Ins., IV., 1864, p. 137. 
 Pterolycus Ratzeburg {= Merostenm Walker), Icbn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 208. 
 Pteromalites Heer (Fossil), Urwelt d. Schweis., 1863, p. 388. (Type P. renmrjcnuis Heer.) 
 Pteromalodes Dahlbom, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XIV., 1857, p. 295. 
 Pteromalus Swederus, Sveusk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XVI., 1793, p. 200. (Type Ichneumon 
 
 puparum Linne.) 
 Ptei-oncoma FiJrster (= Platynocheilua Westwood), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 34. 
 Pterothrix Dalla Torre (n. n. for Pteroptrix AVestw. emend.), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 218. 
 Pteroptrix Westwood, Lond. & P:dinb. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, p. 344. (Type P. dimidiatus 
 
 Westw.) 
 Pterosema Forster, Verb, naturb. Ver. pr. Rbeiul., XXXV. ^ 1878, p. 44. (Type P. varicolor 
 
 Forst.) 
 Pterotrix Walker (= Ptcrnptrix Westw. (partim) = dyrolaHia Fiirster), Monogr. Cbalc, I., 1839, 
 
 p. 12. 
 Ptinobiiis Asbmoad, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1895, p. 11. (Type Charitopus iiiagnifnis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 
 K. 
 Rachl'ifu.s Forster (= Oonatocerus Nees), Linnaa Ent., II., 1847, p. 203. 
 Eaphitelm Harris (= Rhaphitclm Walk.), Rep. Ins. Mas.s., 3d Ed., 1842, p. 586. 
 Ratzeburgia Forster (n. n. for Eusandalnm Ratzeburg), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 31. 
 Rhachistm Dalla Torre (n. n. for Rachistm FSrster), Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 429. 
 Rhaphidofelus Forster (n. n. for RhaphMus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 62. 
 Rhaphitelus Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1833, pp. 168, 178. (Type R. maculatus Walk.) 
 Rbicnopelte Fiinster, Verb. d. naturb. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 55. (Typo R.fu/ri- 
 
 ventris Fl'irst.) 
 Rhipipallus Kirhy, .Iduni. Linn. Soc. London, Zoill., XX., 1886, p. 31. (Type Kuchari.s vohtcus 
 
 Walk.) 
 Rhopalicus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 66. (Type Picromulus f/ullahi.^ Ratzeb.) 
 Rbopalotus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1855, p. 78. (Type ElachcMm cotlnirnafus Nees.) 
 Rhopoideus Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., XXI., 1898, p. 235. (Type R. cifrlnm How.) 
 Rlwpiw Fiirster (= Mdollon Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. 
 Rhytidotborax Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 3.37, 344. (Type II. marlatli 
 
 Ashm.) 
 
388 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Rileya Aslimcad, Ent. J^mcr., IV., LSSS, p. 42 ; Bull. No. 1, Kansas Agric. College, 1889, App., 
 
 p. 111. (Type B. cecidomyke Ashm.) 
 Rikya Howard (= Chrymplafycerus Ashm.), Can. P]nt., XX., 1888, p. 148. 
 Roptrocerus Katzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 209. (Type 11. .vi/loj/har/oruin Ratzeb.) 
 
 S. 
 Saccbari.ssa Kirby, .Joiirn. I^inn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 188fi, p. 37. (Type Eacharis confhu/ens 
 
 Walk.) 
 Sayiella Ashmead, geu. nov., ante, p. 251. (Type Snilcrn debilis Say.) 
 Sceptrophorus Forster, Hyin. Stud., II., 1856, p. 34. (Type S. Hceptriger For.st.) 
 Schizaspidia Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 69. (Type S.furcifera Westw.) 
 Schizonotus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, p. 230. (Type -S'. sichoMi Ratzeb.) 
 Schwarzella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 256. (Type S. arkonensis Ashm.) 
 Seiatheres Ratzeburg (= Cerocephnla Westw.), Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 209. 
 Scotolinx Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 354. (Type S. gallicola Ashm.) 
 Scutellista Motschulsky, £tud. Entom., A'lIL, 1859, p. 172. (Type ,S'. cyanca Motsch.) 
 Secodes Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 78. (Type Knlnimnn.') 
 Seladerma Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1856, p. 288. (Type S. laetum AValk.) 
 Selimnus Walker, The Entom., I., 1842, p. 335. (Type *S'. diores Walk.) 
 Selitrichus Rondani, Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 196. (Type <S'. ceuthon-hynchi Rond.) 
 Semiotellus Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1 840 ; Synop., p. 70. (Type Semiotus rnundus 
 
 Walk.) 
 Semiotus Walker (= Semiotellus Westwood), Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 288, 290. 
 Sericops Kriechbaumer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXIX., 1894, p. 68. (Type G. fasciatce 
 
 Kriechb. ) 
 Sigmophora Rondani, Ann. Soc. natural. ISIodena, II., 1868, p. 68. (Type S. serophularieUa 
 
 Rond.) 
 Signiphora Ashmead, Orange Ins., 1880, p. 30. (Type S. flavopaHiafa Ashm.) 
 Simopterus Forster, Verb. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheiul., VIII., 1851, p. 22. (Type S. venustiis 
 
 Forst.) 
 Siphonura Nees (= Onnyrus Westwood), Hym. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 81. 
 Smaragdites Westwood (= Omphale, Haliday), Mag. Xat. Hist., VI., 1833, p. 419. 
 Smicra Spinola, Ann. Mus. hist, natur., XVII., 1811, p. 147. (Type Clicdcix siypes Fabr.) 
 Smiera Spinola (= Smicra Spinola err. imp.), loc. cit., supra. 
 Solenoderus Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. natural. Moscow, XXXVI., 1863, p. 70. 
 Solenotus Forster, (= Diglyphus Walk.) Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 74. 
 
 Solenura Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc, p. xxxvi. (Type S. telescopica Westw.) 
 Solindinia Cameron, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 189. (Type S. cyaniventris Motsch.) 
 Sosxetra Walker (= Eudoxinna Walker), Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 370. 
 Spalangia Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust, et Ins., III., 1802, p. 351. (Type S. uigra Latr.) 
 
A8HMEAD : rLASSIFICATION OF THK CHALril) KI.IF.S 389 
 
 Sjxilaiigiun Say (n. n. (or Sjxt/ain/ia Latrcillc), Contrib. iMaclure's Lye, Pliila., II., 1S28, p. 7!». 
 Spaniopus Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1833, p. 371. (Type S. diKKimHix Walk.) 
 Sparfhiophilns Rondani (= Euderus Haliday), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IV., 1872, p. 208. 
 SpdrfiophHiis Kondani (= Eiulenis Haliday), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, ]>. 1!I8. 
 Spliaripalpuii Fiirster (= Gifgnathus Thomson), Bcitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 38. 
 Sphicropisthus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 116, 131. (Type S. pascuoram Thitma.) 
 Sphcgigaster Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 149. (Type S. pnl/irornis Spin.) 
 SphenohpiH Nees (= Edroma Westwood), Ichn. affiu. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 2-j(;. 
 Spilochalcis Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 15. (Type Chalets xuidhodlgina Dalman.) 
 Spintherus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1875, p. 129. (Type (S*. obacurus Thomson.) 
 Stenocera Walker (= Stenoco-oidef! Dalla Torre), Ent. Mag., IV., 1837, p. 357. 
 Stenoceroides Dalla Torre (n. n. for Stnuxmi Walk.), Wion. cut. Zoitg., XVI., 1897, p. 88. 
 
 (Type Stenocera wallccri Curtis.) 
 Stenomalus Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 88. (Type rimmmhis mixskoniix Dalm.) 
 Stenomesiodeus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 355. (Type N. mid<a Aslitn.) 
 Stenomesius Westwood, Lond. iV: Ediiib. Phil. Mag. (3), III., 1833, j). 343. (Type Ir/ninmnn, 
 
 rufescens Rossi.) 
 Stenophrm Fiirster (= J> 3I(icroglenes AV^estw.), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 40. 
 Stenoterys Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 115, 128. (Type S. ovhUalh Tlioms.) 
 >S<miocfes Destefaui (= Dextefania Dalla Torre), Nat. Sicil., X., 1891, p. 118. 
 Sten-hocoma Fiirster (= Clieiloneuru-s Westwood), Hym. Stud., II., 1851!, p. .■>;!. 
 Stichocrepis FiJrster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rlieinl., XVII., 1860, p. 130. 
 Stichothrix Fiirster, Hym. Stud., II., 185(;, pp. 117, 121. (Type S. mrdui Fiirst.) 
 Stictomischus Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, pp. 220, 234. (Type S. ,s(Yfy;o.v».s- Thomson.) 
 Stigmatocrepis, gen. nov., ante, p. 273. (Type S. americana Ashm.) 
 
 Stilbula Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., XVII., 1811, p. 150. (Type Idinemnon cynifoniiix Rossi.) 
 Stinoplus Thomson, Hym. Stud., V., 1878, p. 107. (Type Pferomalns mUitarh Dalm.) 
 Stomatoceras Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoi'.l., XVII., 1883, p. 62. (Type Halth-elhi lihrr- 
 
 rt/orWalk.) 
 Stomodea Dufour (= Tetrastichus Haliday), Ann. Sci. nat. Zoill. (.'!), V., 1846, p. 2.3. 
 Storthygoceran Ratzeburg (= Rhaphitelex Walk.), Ichn. d. Fortius., 11. , 1848, p. 208. 
 Sti/foccms Ratzeburg {= Rhaphiteles Walk.), Ichn. d. Forstius, I., 1844, p. 207. 
 Stylophorella Ashmead, g. nov., ante, p. 275. (Type iS'. perplexa Ashm.) 
 
 Stypiura Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoiil., X., 1 883, p. 59. (Type ('ha/ris cnnigaxtra, Pertv.) 
 Sycobia Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 4, 1871, p. 69. (Type >S. hethykndes Walk.) 
 Sycobiella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 33. (Type »S'. saundersU Westw.) 
 Sycoerypta Coquerel (= J* Blastophaga Grav.), Rev. & Mag. Zoiil. (2), VII., 1855, p. 422. 
 Sycophaga Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, II., 1840, p. 222. (Type Cynij/x xycomori Has- 
 
 scl quest.) 
 Sycopliila Walker, Notes on Ciialc, Pt. IV., 1871, p. 63. (Type K dmdomoidex Walk.) 
 
390 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Sycoryctes Mavr, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell, Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 157, l(iO-210. (Tvpe S. 
 
 patellaris Mayr.) 
 Sycoscaptella Westvvood, Tran.s. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 3(5. (Type S. affinis Westw.) 
 Syeoscapter Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1883, p. 34. (Type S. insignis Westw.) 
 Sycoscapterella Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 239. (Type Sycoscaptei- anguUceps Westw.) 
 Sycoscapteridea Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 239. (Type Syeoscapter monilifer Westw.) 
 Sympiesis FiJrster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 74. (Type EiUophus sericeicornis Nees.) 
 Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 352. (Type S. brasUiensis Ashm.) 
 Sympiezus Thomson (= Sympiesis Forster), Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 217. 
 Syntomaspis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 43. (Type Torymus cyaneus Boheman.) 
 Syntomocera Forster, Yerh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 52. (Type ,S'. davi- 
 
 cornis Forst.) 
 Syntomopus Walker, Ent. ]\Iag., I., 183;], pp. 371, 372. (Type .S'. ihonwicus AValk.) 
 Syntomorphyrum Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 60. (Type 
 
 Eidophus cydogaster Ratzeb.) 
 Syrphophagus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. 340, 346. (Type Encyvtus 
 
 mesograpke Ashm.) 
 Systasis Walker, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, pp. 228, 296. (Type ,S'. encyrtoides Walk.) 
 Systole Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1832, pp. 13, 22. (Type S. albipennis S. Walker.) 
 Systolodes Ashmead, Ent. Amer., IV., 1888, pp. 42, 43. (Type (S*. brevicomis Ashm.) 
 Systolomorpha Ashmead, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1900, p. 339. (Type S. thyridopterygis 
 
 Ashm.) 
 
 Tacharditephagus Ashmead, geu. nov., ante, p. 303. (Type T. thoracicm Ashm.) 
 Tachinsephagus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 364. (Type T. zealandicus Ashm.) 
 Tanaoneura Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoiil., XXVI., 1896, p. 146. (Type T. ash- 
 mead ii Ashm.) 
 Tauaostigma Howard, Ins. I.iife, III., 1890, p. 147. (Type T. conrsetiw How.) 
 Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, Proc. I]nt. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 18. (Type T. howardii 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Tclegraphus Ratzeburg ( = C'erapferocerus Westwood), Ichn. d. Forstius., II., 1848, p. 153. 
 Teleogmus Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 52. (Type Euhphiis .ranthosiom-u^ Nees.) 
 Terobia Forster, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 64. (Type T. dixpila 
 
 Forst.) 
 Terobiella Ashmead, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1900, p. 343. (Type T.flavifrons A.shm.) 
 Tetracampe Forster (n. n. for Epiderus Haliday), Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 33. (Type 
 
 Entedon panyas Walk.) 
 Tetracladia Howard, Proc. U. S. Nat. IMns., XV., 1892, p. 368. (Type T. te.rana How.) 
 Tetracnemus Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist., I., 1833, p. 258. (Type T. diversicornis Westw.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 391 
 
 Tctmgonmpis Mayr {=I<Iarnes Walker), Verli. Zool.-hot. Gesell. ^\"u'n, XXXV., 1885, pp. 157, 
 
 205. 
 Tetralophidea Ashmead, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mas., XXII., 1900, pp. 327, 330. (Type T. hakeri 
 
 Ashm.) 
 Tetralophiella Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, i>p. 230, 232. (Type T. hrcdcol- 
 
 lis Ashm.) 
 Tetramelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 31. (Type Sch'izcspidiit phi- 
 
 giata Walk.) 
 Tetramesa Walker {=Earytotna Illiger, teste Walker), List Chalc. Brit. Mus., II., 1848, p. 154. 
 Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 239. (Type Sycoscupter 4-setosa Westw.) 
 Tetrapus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. fiesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 156, 159, 184. (Type 7'. 
 
 americanus Mayr.) 
 Tetrarhopala Motsehulsky, Bull. Soc. natural. Moscou, XXX VI., 1863, p. 61. (Type T. nigra 
 
 Motsch.) 
 Tetrasmicra Ashm., gen. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type Siiiirra concitata Walk.) 
 Tetrastichodes Ashmead, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV., 1887, p. 203. (Type T.floridanus Ashm.) 
 Tetrastichus Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 297. (Type Euloplms miser Nees.) 
 Thaumapus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII. , 1883, p. 56. (Type Smirra lenteipen 
 
 Walk.) 
 Thaumasura Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, Proc, p. xxxvi. (Type T. terebrator 
 
 Westw.) 
 Thaumatelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. Loudon, Zoill., XVIL, 1883, p. 60. (Type Chalcis separata 
 
 Walk.) 
 Theocolax Westwood (= Cerocephala Westwood, wingless form), Lond. it Ediub. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 
 
 1833, p. 335. 
 Thoracantha Latreille, Fam. nat. r6gn. anim., 1825. (Type T. Uitreilki (iuoriii.) 
 Thusanus Walker (= Thysanus Haliday), Notes on Chalc., pt. 7, p. 1 14, fig. 
 Thysanus Haliday, Ann. Nat. Hist., IV., 1840, p. 234. (Type T. ater Haliday.) 
 Tineobius Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 14. (Type T. citra Ashm.) 
 Tineomyza Rondani (= 9 Eu/ophus Geoffroy), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IV., 1872, p. 205. 
 Tineophaga Itondani (= J* Eulophm Geoffroy), Ann. Soc. nat. Modena, III., 1868, p. 22. 
 Tineophoctonus Aslimcad, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, pp. .328, 351 . (Type Phaiwdisem 
 
 arnuilm Ashm.) 
 Tityros Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Mus., II., 1848, p. 164. (Type T. poreia Walk. J^-) 
 Tomocera Howard, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric, 1880-81, p. .$68. (Type T. californica How.) 
 Tomoligon Rondani (=? Trichoporm Forst.), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, \>. 200. 
 Torymoides Walker, Notes on C'halc, Pt. 3, 1871, p. 37. (Type 7'. avuibilis Walker.) 
 Torymus Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., XLL. 1820, j). 135. (Type Icluieumnn hedeguaris 
 
 Linne.) 
 Toxeuma Walker, Ent. Mag., I., 1S33, pp. .371, 378. (Type T. cricw Walk.) 
 
392 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Trihfeiis Fr.rstor, A\Th. d. nat.irli. Vcr. pr. Rhein]., XVII., 18G0, p. !).']. (Tvpc T. punrtatus 
 
 Forst.) 
 Trichoporiis Fiirster, Hym. Stiul., II., 1S5G, p. S4. (Type unknown.) 
 Trichanim Provanclior (= Bcus, Haliday, Pmctotrypoidea), Add. Fn. Hym. du C'an. Hym., 1887, 
 
 p. 20f). 
 Trichaiiliis Mayr, Verli. Zool.-bot. Gescll. Wien, XXXV., 188.5, pp. 157, loO, 225. (Type T. 
 
 versicolor Mayr.) 
 TrichencyrtU8 A.shmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 2ftl. (Type T. chapadcE A.shm.) 
 Trichoceras Ratzeburg (= Telrastichus Haliday), Iclm. d. For.stius., I., 1848, p. 171. 
 Trichoglenes Thomson, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 14fl. (Type Pteromalus complanntus Ratzeb.) 
 Trichogramma Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), II., 1833, p. 444. (Type T. evanescens Westw.) 
 Trichomalus Thom.son, Hym. Skand., V., 1878, p. 134. (Type T. pundinucha Thorns.) 
 Triohoriia^thus Thomson (= Sceptrophorus Fiirster), Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 142. 
 Trichoxenia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, ZoiJl., XA'IL, 1883, p. 02. (Type HalticcUa cin- 
 
 erans AValk.) 
 Tricoryna Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. [jondon, Zoiil., XX., 1886, p. 20. (Type Encharifs jcollo 
 
 Walk.) 
 Trieoayphm Fcirster (= Cerorephala Westwood), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 46. 
 Tridymus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Fcirstius., II., 1848, p. 183. (Type Pteromalus salivis Nees.) 
 Trigonodcrus Westwood, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. (Type T. princeps 
 
 We.stw.) 
 Trigonogastra Ashraead, gen. uov., ante, p. 330. (Type T. aurata Ashm.) 
 Trigonura Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 376. (Type T. cressimuda Sichel.) 
 Trimorphocerus Dahlbom (= J^ Bothriothorax Ratzeburg), Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Filrh., 
 
 XIV., 1857, p. 292. 
 Tripedins Forster (= Eimotus Walker), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 60. 
 Triphcmus Fiirster (= Thysanus Haliday), Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 83. 
 Trismicra Ashmead, g. nov., ante, p. 252. (Type Smicra contnicta Walk.) 
 Tritypm Ratzeburg {=Eunotiis Walker), Ichn. d. Forstius., III., 1852, p. 227. 
 Troffocarpus Rondani {=Mef/ad'ujmus Dalman), Bull. Soc. ent. Ital., IX., 1877, p. 204. 
 Tropidogastra Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 323. (Type T. arizonensis Ashm.) 
 
 U. 
 
 Uriella Ashmead, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, XXIIL, 1896, p. 221. (Type U. rufipe>< Ashm.) 
 Urocryptus Westwood (= Eupelminm Dalla Torre), Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., II., 1840; synop. 
 
 p. 72. 
 Uroderostenus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 343. (Type M. pleuralis Ashm.) 
 Uroentedon Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. 341. (Type TJ. verticellata Ashm.) 
 Urolepis Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Mus., I., 1846, p. 26. (Type U. maritimus Walk.) 
 Uromelia Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zoiil., XX., 1886, p. 33. (Type Thoracantlia sfrl'tta 
 
 Perty.) 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 393 
 
 Y. 
 
 Valhre/la Westwood (= II«//,vr</A( Wcstw.), Proc. F.inn. Soc. London, ZoiU. (2), I., 1878, p. 584. 
 
 W. 
 
 WalUerella Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 18S;{, p. :V2. (Type 11'. Unurarla Westw.) 
 Websterellus Ashmead, Bull. No. 1, Olii.i Kxper.'Sta., IS!):), p. KU. (Type W. tnticl Aslini.) 
 
 X. 
 
 Xantlioinelanus Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. -i.")!. (Type Chulrix ,lim!<li>ttr Fal)r.) 
 Xanthosoma Ashmead, Entom. Anier., IV., 18S8, pp. 42, 4;!. (Type X. iii(/ricornif< Asbm.) 
 Xenocrepis Forster, Hym. Stud., II., 18.")G, p. 04. (Type unknown.) 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zagratumosoma Ashmead, n. n. for Ifipjidiwlid/ii.^ Ashm. i)reoc., ante, p. 3.J4. (Tyjje H. mu/tl- 
 
 lineatus Ashm.) 
 Zaomma Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. IMus., XXII., 1900, p. 340. (Type Enajrtm an/entipcs How.) 
 Zaommomyia Ashmead, gen. nov., ante, p. ;540. (Type Chrysochris xtir/mata Ashm.) 
 Zapachia Forster, Verh. d. naturh. A^er. pr. Rheinl., XXXV., 1878, p. 47. (Type Z. spilopfera 
 
 Fiirst.) 
 Zarhopalus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII., 1900, p. ;]42. (Type Z. AehJom Ashm.) 
 
PART II. SOUTH AMERICAN CHALCIDOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS 
 OF NEW SPECIES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 
 
 SuPKRFAMiLY VII. CHALCIDOIDEA. 
 
 Family LX. AGAONID^. 
 
 Subfamily I. Agaonin^. 
 
 Genus BLASTOPHAGA Gravenhorst. 
 Blastophaga bifossulata Mayr. 
 Blastophaga bifossulata Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 181, c? 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 324. 
 Brazil : Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Bla,stophaga beasiliensis Mayr. 
 Blastuphaga brasiliensis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 180, c? 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 324. 
 Brazil : Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Genus TETRAPUS Mayr. 
 Tetrapus americanus Mayr. 
 Tetrapus americanus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 188, cT 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 323. 
 Brazil : Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Genus EISENIA Ashmead. 
 Eisenia flaviscapa, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length about 1 mm. ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen and the thorax 
 united. Head and thorax black, polished ; hypopygium prominent, piceous ; scape 
 l)roadly dilated, about twice as long as wide, yellow, the pedicel and the flagellum 
 dark brown, the process of the first funicle joint long and acute ; legs brownish- 
 yellow, the front and hind femora especially above brownish-piceous ; wings hya- 
 line, with short cilite at apex, the veins pale yellowish. The head is a little longer 
 than wide, with a deep broad frontal furrow, the eyes oval ; middle tarsi very 
 .slightly longer than their tibia;. 
 
 Brazil : Para. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FMES 395 
 
 Family LXI. TORYMIDiE. 
 Subfamily I. Idarnin.i-:. 
 
 Genus IDARNES Walker. 
 Idarnes brevicollis (Jlayr). 
 
 Tetragonaspis hrevicoU is Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 209, 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
 Brazil : St. (Aatharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Idarnks carme Walker. 
 Lhirnesainnr Walker, Ann. ct Mag. Nat. Hist, XIL, 18-43, p. 47, 9.— Dalla ToiTr, 
 
 Cat. Hym., X., 1S98, p. 317. 
 Tdragonaspisjiaricn/lis Mayr, W^vh. Zool.-bot. Cesoll., 18S5, p. 207, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 320. 
 G(()iosoina mhiislNni Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXX\\, 1885, p. 204, d".— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 West Indies : Grenada, St. Vincent; Brazil: St. Catbariiia. 
 
 Ibarnes coriaria (Mayr). 
 
 Tetragrmaspis coriaria Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXX^^, 1885, p. 209, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
 Brazil : St. Catbarina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Idarnes forticornis (Mayr). 
 T]frago)taspisforticorHis Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 208, 9. ■ 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
 Brazil: St. Catbai-ina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Idarnes gracilicornis (Mayr). 
 
 Ganosoma aUenuatum Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 204, c?. 
 Tetragonaspis gradlicorni.s Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, \). 
 208, 9. 
 Brazil: St. Catbarina (Dr. Vriiy. Miiller). 
 
 Idarnes parai.i.ela (Mayr). 
 Ganosoma parallclnm Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 204, cf. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
 Brazil : St. Catbarina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
396 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Idarnes punctata (Mayr). 
 Tffniijonaspis punduta Mayr, Verh. Zool.-but. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 209, 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 320. 
 Brazil ; St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Genus TKICHAULUS Mayr. 
 Trichaulus versicolor Mayr. 
 
 Tn-c//a»/».^i'o-.s(Vo/o/-iMayr, Verli. Zool.-bot. Gesell, XXXV., 1885, p. 22(i, 9; t. 
 
 13, f. 38. — Fr. Miiller, Kosmos, XVIII., 1886, pp. 54, 55. 
 Critogaster singularls Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 200, d"; 
 
 T. 12, f. 24. — Fr. Miiller, Kosmos, XVIII., 1886, pp. 54, 55. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Trichaulus flavescens (Miiller). 
 Critoga.'^tcrflav(scens'Mi\\\er,Ent. Nachr., XIII., 1887, p. 161, J>.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 18y8, p. 321. 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Emil A. Goldi). 
 
 Trichaulus goldiana (Miiller). 
 Critogaster goldiana Miiller, Ent. Nachr., XIIL, 1887, p. 161, c?. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Emil A. Goldi). 
 
 Trichaulus nuda (Mayr). 
 Critogasterniiihi Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell., XXXV., 1885, p. 201, cf. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil : St. ( 'atharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Trichaulus piliventris (Mayr). 
 Critogader jnlirerdris Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 201, d"; 
 T. 12, f. 25.— Fr. Miiller, Kosmos, XVIII., 1886, p. 55. — Fr. Miiller, o^>. cit., 
 XIX., 1886, p. 54. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil : St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Genus COLYOSTICHUS (Mayr). 
 
 COLYOSTICHUS L0NGICAUDI8 Mayr. 
 
 C'uh/ostirJiiAs Jongicaiidi.s JNIayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 
 239, 9. 
 
ashmead: classikication of thk chalcid flies 397 
 
 Hcfenmdnum hnKjqics INIayr, Verb. Zool.-but. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, pp. 234- 
 2;^-), c^. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 816, ^^9. 
 Brazil : St. ("atliariiia (Dr. Fritz M(iller). 
 
 Subfamily II. Torymin^e. 
 
 Geuus LOCHITES Fcirster. 
 
 LdCHITlCiil AI'RIfEPS Aslllllcail. 
 
 Lochitcs aaricqjti Ashnicad, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1.S9-1, p. 153, 9. 
 — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 281. 
 W. I. : St. Vincent, Grenada; Brazil : Chapada, in April. Three specimens. 
 
 Lachites suu'irs (Walker). 
 
 Calliviome sulci US Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 04, 9. 
 Tor limns sulcius Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 313. 
 Brazil: Baliia; Chapada, in A jyril. Three specimens. 
 
 Genus SYNTOMASPIS Fiirster. 
 Syntomaspis cabuka (Walker). 
 CaUimome cab urus Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1864, p. 64, 9 c?. 
 Torymus caburus Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 301. 
 Brazil : Bahia (Walker). 
 
 Syntomaspis aprilis, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 2.5 mm. ; ovipositor nearly as long as the body. Blue, with a 
 very faint greenish tinge, the abdomen witli a decided iieneous tinge. Head and 
 thorax shagreened, with a thimble-like punctuation ; ocelli pale ; eyes brown ; 
 scape yellowish, the pedicel jeneous, the flagellum dark brown ; front and middle 
 femora above and the hind femora blue, the front and middle tibia?, their tarsi and 
 the hind tarsi, yellowish, the hind tibite dark brownish. Wings hyaline, the teguUe 
 and veins 3^ellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Caruinba, in April. Two female species. 
 
 Syntomaspis holcaspoidea, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor longer than the abdomen. Robu.st, blue, 
 the head and the thorax with a thimble-like punctuation ; ocelli red, placed nearly 
 in a straight line ; eyes brown ; scape, pedicel, tips of front and middle femora, their 
 tibife and tarsi and the hind tarsi, yellowish, the front and middle femora, except 
 tips, and the hind tibiaj brownish-piceous, the hind femora blue ; flagellum brown- 
 black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
 
398 MEMOIRS OF THE CAKNEfilE MUSEUM 
 
 3[(ile. — Length 1.2 to 1.5 mm. Agrees well with the 9 in color and sculpture, 
 except that the scape of the antennae alone is yellow, the pedicel being isneous 
 black. The abdomen is small, oval. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Corumba, in May. Two female and two male speci- 
 mens. 
 
 Syntomaspis flavicollis, sp. nov. 
 
 Femnle. — Length 2.G mm. ; ovipositor longer than the body. Bluish-green, the 
 me-sonotum posteriorly and the scutellum violaceous, the scape of antennae, the pro- 
 thorax, the legs, including coxse, the tegulte, venation of front wings, metapleura 
 and the venter yellow or yellowish ; the flagellum is brown-black ; eyes very large, 
 oval, brown. The head and the thorax are delicately shagreened, the scutellum 
 with some sparse punctures beyond the apical cross-furrow. Wings hj'aline, the 
 veins pale yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in September. One female specimen. 
 
 Genus TORYMUS Dalman. 
 ToEYMUS cuMELis (Walker). 
 
 CaUimomc mmelis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist. fis. Cuba, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 464. 
 Torymus cuvielis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 308. 
 Chile : Valparaiso (Walker). 
 
 ToKYMUS NONACRIS (Walker). 
 
 Callimome nonacris Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 113, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 463, 9. 
 Torymus no7iacns Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 311. 
 
 Chile : Valparaiso, Walker ; Brazil : Corumba, in April. One female specimen. 
 
 Torymus chapada, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor a little longer than the body. Head and 
 thorax above greenish-blue, the pleura, metathorax, coxse, femora and abdomen 
 blue, the scape, tibite and tarsi yellowish, the flagellum brown-black, the ocelli pale, 
 the eyes brown. The head, thorax and scutellum are shagreened. Wings hyaline, 
 the tegulse and veins pale yellowish. The abdomen is very short, higher than long, 
 but this may be due to an accident. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, highlands, in April. One female specimen. 
 
 TORYMITS SMITHI, sp. IIOV. 
 
 FeraaJf. — Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor longer than the body. Blue, the head 
 and thorax with a thimble-like punctuation, the tip of the scutellum smooth and 
 
ASHMEAP : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 390 
 
 nietallic green ; the scape, tegula^, veins and most of the legs, except the coxii" and 
 the femora, are yellowish, the coxse and the hind femora are blue, the fi-ont and 
 middle femora above and basally are brownish. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April; Para, in June. Two female specimens. 
 
 ToKYMUS SYLYICOI.A, Sp. IKIV. 
 
 FdiKili. — Length 8 mm. ; ovipositor about the length of the body. Head and 
 thorax metallic green, rather coarsely shagreened, the metathorax blue, the abdo- 
 men teneous, with a ])rownish shade; scape and pedicel yellowish, the flagellum 
 light brown; legs, except the hind coxae at l)asal two thirds which are metallic 
 greenish, all brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline, the teguhe and the veins pale 
 yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in forests in April and October. Two specimens. 
 
 Subfamily III. Monodontomerin.e. 
 
 Genus MONODONTOMERUS Westwood. 
 MONODONTOMERUS PHORMio (Walker). 
 Torymus plwrmlo Walker, Ann. &, Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 113, 9. — 8pinola, 
 Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, ZooL, VI., 1851, p. 466.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 311. 
 Monodontomerus phonnio Walter, Notes on Chalc, II, p. 28. 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Genu.s DIAMORUS Walker. 
 
 This genus should occur in South Amei'ica, Imt I have seen no representatives 
 of it in any of the collections examinccl by nie. The species recorded and described 
 by Dr. Mayr as Diamoms i-esemble genuine species very t-losely, but they really rep- 
 resent the females of Mayr's genus Physothorax. 
 
 Genus PHYSOTHORAX Mayr. 
 Physothorax annuliger Mayr. 
 riiysotlioni.r ,nnn,r,,jrr Mayr, Verb. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 198, 
 c?.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil : St. Catharina. 
 
 PllY.SOTHORAX lil AKTICl'I.ATU.S (Mayr). 
 
 Nannocerus hioHicula(u.i Mayr, \'erh. Zool.-l)ot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 196, 
 d^.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 Brazil : St. Catharina. 
 
400 MKMOIKS OF THE CAKNE(iIE MUSEUM 
 
 Physothoeax variabilis (ilayr). 
 Dlamonm rariahilh Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesoll. Wieii, XXXV., 1885, p. 228, 9. 
 
 — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 291. 
 I'ln/sofhorax dorsiger Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV., 1885, p. 197 
 
 (wingless d").— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 321. 
 
 Physothoeax mayri, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length, 2.6 mm.; ovipositor about as long as the body. Simihir to /'. 
 variabilis Mayr, but the punctures of the head and thorax are not so close, the 
 scape and the pedicel being yellow, the prothorax being wholly blue, not all yellow 
 or in 23art, as in P. variabilis, the femora, except at tips, being mostly blue, while 
 the front wings have a brownish fascia beneath the stigmal vein, a character found 
 in no other species. 
 
 ^^'^^^^- Genus PLESIOSTIGMA Mayr. 
 
 Plesiostigma bicolor Mayr. 
 
 Plesiostigma bicolor Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXXV, 1885, p. 227, d" ; 
 Taf XIIL, f. 39, 40.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
 Brazil : Blumenau (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 PLESIOSTIGMODES Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 This genus difters from all the other genera in the subfamily l)y the much 
 swollen front femora, by the very long pronotum, which is longer than the mesono- 
 tum, and by the antennae having two ring-joints. 
 
 Plesiostigmodus brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Head bluish eeneous, with some minute punctures, 
 the thorax more decidedly seneous, with a decidedly metallic greenish tinge on the 
 mesonotum and on the scutellum, and with some sparse, minute punctures ; the 
 thickened front and hind femora are also more or less greenish, the rest of the legs, 
 except the coxse, and the scape of the antennae being yellowish, the pedicel and the 
 flagellum brown-black ; the abdomen, except a bluish tinge basally, is seneous black ; 
 it is sessile, oblong and tapers off at apex, the first segment being the longest and 
 having a slight median incision at apex. Wings hyaline, the tegulse and veins pale 
 yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Coi'uniba, lowland in May. One specimen. 
 
 HEMITORYMUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is allied to Cryptopristus Forster, but is easily separated by the hind 
 femora being feebly serrate, without a distinct tooth, and by the venation in the 
 front wings which agrees with Torijmus and is quite different from Cryptopristus. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 401 
 
 Hemitorymus thoracicus, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm., ovipositor much longer than the body. Head and 
 metathoi'ux metallic greenish, the metapleura blue, the rest of the thorax, the an- 
 tennal scape and pedicel, the legs, except the hind coxfe at base behind and the 
 venter, yellow ; the abdomen aljove is more or less tinged with brown ; the flagellum 
 is long brown-black. The head and the thorax are shagreened and have a shallow 
 thimble-like punctuation. The metathorax is smooth Avith distinct spiracular sulci, 
 the spiracles being large, oblong-oval. The wings are hyaline, with the tegulse and 
 the veins pale yellowish. The abdomen is oblong, as long as or a little longer than 
 the head and the thorax united, and subcompressed along the venter basally. 
 
 Brazil : Cliapada, in September. One specimen. 
 
 Subfamily V. Megastigmin.e. 
 
 Genus MEGASTIGMUS Dalman. 
 I have seen a single specimen of this genus taken in Brazil not in good condi- 
 tion. It ought to be well represented in South America. 
 
 Subfamily VI. Oemyrin.t;. 
 
 Genus ORMYRUS Westwood. 
 Oemyrus brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.7 mm. Blue ; ocelli red ; the extreme base of the scape, the 
 trochanters, knees, tips of the tibia3 and the tarsi, pale yellowish, the rest of the tibise 
 brownish piceous ; wings hyaline, the veins light brownish. 
 
 The head and the thorax are almost smooth, but under a strong lens exhibit five 
 transverse aciculations. The third l)ody segment of the abdomen has two transverse 
 rows of punctures at base, the fourth has three rows, the punctures on the fifth are 
 large and arranged in about four rows, while the sixtli i)as an indistinct row at the 
 extreme base. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. • One specimen. This is the first species to be 
 described from South America. 
 
 Subfamily IV. BoDAORioNiNiE. 
 
 Genus PODAGRION Spinola. 
 
 PODAGRION BRASILIENSIS Howaid. 
 
 Fti(J(i(jrion brasilicmi.^ Howard, JouriL Linn. Soc. London, ZooL. XXV., 189G, p. 83, 
 9.— Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool, XXVL, 1897, p. 132.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 369. 
 Brazil : Santarem ; ( "hapada. West Indies : Grenada. 
 
402 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 PODAGEIOX MELLEUS (WestWOod). 
 
 Palmon meUeus Westwood, Trans. Eut. Soc. London, IV., 1S47, p. 260. 
 Podagrion mellens Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 2, 1871, p. 28. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 369. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Host. Orthop.: eggs of Mantis hrasiliana L. 
 
 PODAGKION CTAXECS, sp. noV. 
 
 Female. — Length about 3 mm. Blue (sometimes bronzed green above) ; the 
 antennae, except the cluVj which is black, the legs, except the coxse basally and the 
 -front and hind femora at basal two thirds which are blue, the abdomen along 
 the venter and at apex, are yellowish. "Wings hyaline, the tegulse yellow, the veins 
 light brown. The flagellum is long, .strongly clavate, while the swollen hind femora 
 are armed with from ten to twelve teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Differs fi-om P. bra-'nliensis Howard in color and by the more numerous teeth on 
 the hind femora. 
 
 Family LXII. CHALCIDID.E. 
 Subfamily I. Leucospidi>'.e. 
 
 Genus POLISTOMORPHA Westwood. 
 
 POLISTOMOEPHA FA.=CIATA \VestwOOd. 
 
 PoUstomorpha fasciata Westwood, Thes. Eut. Oxon., 1874, p. 134; PL XXV., f 3.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 405. 
 Brazil : Amazon. 
 
 POLISTOMOEPHA .spHEGOIDE-S Walker. 
 
 PoU.stomorpha sphegoides V^'alkeT, Journ. Ent., I., 1860-61, p. 22. — Westwood. Thes. 
 Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 134 ; PI. XXV., fig. 1.— Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., 
 XXV., 1890, p. 297.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hpn., V., 1898, p. 405. 
 Brazil. 
 
 POLISTOMORPHA SCBIXAMESSIS WeStWOOd. 
 
 Polkiomorpha surinaraemis Westwood, Germar, Zeitsch. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 265, 
 O. —Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon, 1874, p. 133; PI. XXV., f. 2.— Schletterer, 
 Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXV., 1890, p. 295.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 405. 
 Brazil : Surinam. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATIOX OF THE CHALCID FLIES 403 
 
 Genus LEUCOSPIS Fabricius. 
 
 Letcospis affixis Say. 
 
 Leucoqns affinis Say, Keating's Narrat. Exped., II.. 1824, App., p. 327, 9(^. — Lecon- 
 
 te's Ed. Say's Works, I., 1859, p. 220. — Cresson, Trans. Am. Eut. Soc. IV., 
 
 1872, p. 32.— Provancher, Natur. Canad., XII., 1881, p. 268, Q ; fig. 12.— 
 
 Provaneher, Faun. ent. Can. Hym.. 1883, p. 567 ; fig. 83.— Sehletterer. Berlin. 
 
 ent. Zeitschr.. XXX^^. 189(i. pp. 172. 175. 285.— Dalla Torre. Cat. Hyni.. V., 
 
 1898, p. 406. 
 Leiicospis subnotata Westwood, Ent. ^Mag.. II.. 1834. p. 215, S . — Westwood, Zeitschr. 
 
 f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 250. 
 Leucospis fraterna Say, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I.. 1836, p. 200. — Leconte's Ed. 
 
 Say's Works, I., 1859, p. 718. 
 Leucospi.s dursei Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Ent.. I., 1839, p. 251, 9. 
 Leucospis basalis (Klug) Westwood, Zeitschr. f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 264. 
 Leucospis pceyi Guerin, Iconogr. regn. anim., VII.. Ins., 1845, p. 414, 2. — La Sngra's 
 
 Hist. fis. Cuba, VII., 1850, p. 754.— Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.. IV., 1865, 
 
 p. 177.— Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 32. 
 Leucospis canadensis V^^oX^ev, Journ. Entom., I., 1860. p. 17. 
 Leucospis tapayosa Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 21. 
 Brazil {teste Sehletterer). 
 
 Leticospis catensensis (Westwood"). 
 Metallopsis cayennensis Westwood, Gerinar's Zeitschr. f. Entom., I., 1839, p. 264, J ; 
 
 T. 4, f. 4. 
 Leucospis mericana Walker. Journ. Entom., I.. 1860. p. 20. ?. — Cresson, Trans. Am. 
 
 Ent. Soc. IV.. 1872, p. 30.— Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Hym., I., 1883, 
 
 p. 76; PI. 4, f. 11. 
 Leiicospis tomentosa Kii-by. Journ. Linn. Soc. London. Zoo\.. X^'II.. 1882, p. 70, 9. 
 Leucospis cayeniicnsis Sehletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXX\'., 1890, pp. 172. 174 
 
 and 265 ; PI. 6, f. 24.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., \'.. 1898, p. 407. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Leicospis coxalis Kirby. 
 
 Leucospis coxalis Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), X^'.. 1885, p. 243, 9. — Water- 
 house, Aid Idend. Ins.. Pt. XXVIL, 1886; PI. 169. f. 1, d".- Sehletterer, 
 Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXV., 1890, p. 271.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym.. V., 
 1898, p. 407. 
 Argentina : Buenos Aires. 
 
404 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Leucospis cupreovibidis Westwood. 
 Leacoqiii^ capreoviridis Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 135 ; PL XXV., f. 5. — 
 Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 261.— Dalla Torre, Cut. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 408. 
 New Grenada. 
 
 Leucospis distinguenda Schletterer. 
 
 Leucospis distinguenda Schletterer, Berlin. Ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, pp. 172 and 
 269, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 408. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Leucospis egaia Walker. 
 
 Leucospis egaia Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 20, 9. — Schletterer, Berlin, ent. 
 
 Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 273.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 409. 
 
 Brazil : Ega. 
 
 Leucospis hopei Westwood. 
 
 Leucospis hopei Westwood, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 215, cf. — Westwood, Germar's 
 
 Zeitschr. f. Ent., I., 1839, p. 258; T. 2, f. 3.— Spinola, Gay: Hist. fis. Chile, 
 
 ZooL, VI., 1851, p. 470; T. 4, f. 3.— Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., 
 
 XXXV., 1890, pp. 171, 174 and 280; T. 6, f. 22. 
 
 Chile. 
 
 Leucospis ignota Walker. 
 
 Leucospis ignota Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1860, p. 22, cf. — Schletterer, Berlin. 
 
 ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 289.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 
 p. 411. 
 
 Brazil ? 
 
 Leucospis leucotelus Walker. 
 
 Leucospis leucotehis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), IX., 1852, p. 41, $.— 
 Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, pp. 172 and 274.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 412. 
 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Leucospis peopinqua Schletterer. 
 
 Leucospis pvopimput Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, pp. 171 and 
 277, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 413. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Leucospis santarema Walker. 
 Leucospis santareniaVf-dWiQr, .Tourn. Entom., I., 18(50, p. 20, 9. — Schletterer, Berlin, 
 ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 279.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 p. 413. 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
ashmead: classification of the chalcid fliks 405 
 
 Leucospis bpeifera Walker. 
 
 Leucospia spcifcra Walker, Journ. Eiitoni., 1., 1H60, p. 21, 9. — 8cliletterer, lierlin. 
 
 ent. Zcitschv., XXXV., 1890, p. 272.— Dallti Torre, Cat. Hyin., V., 1898, p. 
 
 413. 
 
 lirazil: Ega. 
 
 Leucospis enderleini, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plato XXXI., Fig. 1.) 
 
 Fniiale. — Length 7 inin.; ovipo.sitor sliort, not extending to the l)aseoftlH! tliird 
 abdominal segment, ("olur dull bronze, the head in front and the pleura bronzy 
 green, with whitish hairs ; a streak at sides, along the front margin and along the 
 liind margin of the pronotum, yellow or yellowish, another streak along the sides 
 of the mesonotum and along its hind margin just in front of the scutellum, and a 
 yellow band along the hind femora alxjve and Ijeneath, and along the outer face of 
 the hind tibia'. 
 
 The abdomen at the apex of the short second segment, the apex of the long third 
 segment, and on the apical segments is metallic greenish and clothed with glittering 
 white hairs. 
 
 Brazil: Santareni in March. One female. Named in honor of l)r. (hinther 
 Enderlein. 
 
 This species is allied to L. caijcnneiisis Westw. 
 
 Genus EXOCHL.ENUS Shipp. 
 
 EXOCHL^NUS ANTHIDI0IDE9 (Westwood). 
 
 Leucosjyis anihhUohloi Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 135 ; pi. 25, f 7.— 
 
 Schletterer, Berlin, ent. Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 257. 
 E.rochld'Hus anfJiidioide.^ 8hipp, The Entoni., XXVII., 1894, p. 245.— Dalla Torre, 
 ("at. Ilym., V., 1898, p. 404. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Subfamily II. Chalcidin.e. 
 
 Tkiije I. Ghalcidini. 
 
 Genus PHASGONOPHORA Westwood. 
 
 Pn.\s(;oNoPHORA batesii Kirby. 
 
 Pluwjoiiuphoi-d bafcsii Kirby, .lourn. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XN'IL, 1883, p. 74, 
 c^.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., V., lS'.i8, p. 371. 
 F)razil : Santarem. 
 
 PHASGONOPHORA CAUDATA (Sichel). 
 
 Couura miidata Sichel, IManchard, Hist. Nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 256. 
 C7/(//r/.w7(//-/((^(.s(;uerin, Iconogr. regn. .\nim., VII., 1845, Ins., p. 413; tab. 07, f G. 
 
406 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 PhasgonopJiora nuuhtld Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp. '358 and 371, 
 cf.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., \'., 1898, p. 371. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Ph.\sgonophora condalus Walker. 
 Phasgonnphora conddivs Walker, Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, 9. — Sicliel, Ann. Soc. ent. 
 France (4), Y., 1865, pp. 358 and 365.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 p. 371. 
 PJiasgonophora caiuJdfus Guerin, Iconogr. regn. Anim., VIL, 1845, Ins., p. 413 (def. 
 
 typogr.). 
 PhasgonojjJtora thoracica Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), \., 1865, pp. 358 and 365. 
 Brazil (Mr. Curtis' collection). 
 
 Genus TRIGONUEA Sichel. 
 Trigonura dorsalis, sp. nov. 
 
 Fanalc. — Length 7.4 mm. Entirely black, except the pronotuui, the mesonotum 
 and the scutellum which are red, and the front and middle knees, tips of tibiae, and 
 all the tarsi which are yellow. Wings hyaline, the tegulse yellow, the veins brown 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Three specimens. 
 
 Triconura dentipes (Fabricius). 
 
 Chakis dcutqjes Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 387. 
 South America. 
 
 Genus THAUMATELIA Kirby. 
 
 Thaumatelia separata (Walker). 
 
 Chakis separata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 352, 9. 
 
 Thainaatclia separata Kirl)y, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVIL, 1883, p. 60; pi. 4, 
 
 f 9, 10.- Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 372. 
 
 Brazil : Ega. 
 
 Thaumatelia pllchripenxis, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXI., Fig. 2.) 
 Ferrutle. — Length 15 mm. Black; the abdomen, except the long stylus which 
 is black, rufous ; legs, except the hind femora which are rufous, black, the knees 
 and tarsi, except the middle and hind pairs basally, honey-3'ellow. Wings with the 
 apical half fuscous, the basal half yellowish and a large j^ellowish spot at tip of 
 marginal vein, within the space formed by the postmarginal and stigmal veins. 
 The seventh abdominal segment and the stylus basally are coarsely pitted or punc- 
 tate. The antennjB are long, filiform, the first joint of the flagellum being longer 
 
ASHMEAP : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 407 
 
 than tlie scape. The hind femora are armed with 7 moderate-sized teeth. The 
 head and thorax, except the pronotum laterally, the middle lobe of the me- 
 sonotum and the mesopleura beneath the insertion of the front wings, which 
 are smooth and shining, Avith only a few punctures, are closely punctate or sculp- 
 tured. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, Para, and Santarem. Five specimens. 
 
 Genus PSEUDOCHALCIS Kiiby. 
 
 PSEUDOCHALCIS DECLARATOR (Walker). 
 
 HaUialUt dedavatnr Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 18G2, p. 360, 9. 
 Pseud oc] I ah- IS dechtmtor Kiriiy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, X\^IL, p. GL — Dalla 
 Torre, ( Vat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 394. 
 Brazil: Ega. 
 
 P.SEITDOCHALCIS C'ONIC.\ sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.5-5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate, the tegulaj, tips of 
 femora, the front tibiai, except a black spot behind, middle and hind tibite, except a 
 broad black annulus at the middle, and all tarsi sulphur yellow, the aljdomen con- 
 ically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem, in March and jAIay. Four specimens. 
 
 PSEUUOCHALCIS FLAVOPICTA, sp. nov. 
 
 31ale. — licngth 5.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate, the front orbits, face below 
 insertion of the antenna, scape, two large spots on dorsum of pronotum, a line on 
 each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot on the outer front angle of the 
 lateral lobes, a line on each side of the scutellum, the teguhe, a line on the meso- 
 pleura, a large spot on the metapleura, a spot at apex of metanotum, a large spot on 
 each side of second segment of abdomen, and the legs, except as noted, yellow, the 
 hind coxie with a large spot above at base, and a large spot on the disk of the hind 
 femora, black. 
 
 Brazil : (Joruinba and Santarem. Three specimens. 
 
 Gcuus STYPIURA Kirby. 
 
 Stypiura conigastra (Perty). 
 
 Chalcis conigastra Perty, Delect, aniiii. artic, 1834, p. 134; PI. XX\'I., f. 16. — 
 
 Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Toriiio Cl). .\II1., 1851, p. 44. 
 Comtra conigastra Blanchard, Hist. nut. Ins., 111., 1810, p. 256. 
 Halticella erythrotehis Walker, Journ. Kntoin., L, 1861, p. 184. 
 Phasgonophora conigastra Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, p. 363. 
 
408 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Sljipiura amiijnMra Kirhy, Journ. Linn. See. London, Zool., XVIL, 1883, p. 59. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyra., V., 1898, p. 395. 
 Brazil : Amazon ; Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Genus EPITELIA Kiiby. 
 Epitelia Aculeata (Walker). 
 Chains acnlcafa\\-ii\ker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 184, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 385. 
 Brazil : Santarem. Four specimens. 
 
 Epitelia ba.salis (Walker). 
 
 Halficella basalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1., 1862, p. 361, 9.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 397. 
 Brazil : Santarem. Three specimens. 
 
 Epitelia stylata (Walker). 
 (Plate XXXI., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Ghalcis stylata Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 183, 9. 
 
 Epitela stylata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, XVIL, 188. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 395. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Genus CHALCIS Fabricius. 
 
 Chalcis annulata Fabricius. 
 
 Chalcis annulata Fabricius, Syst. Ent., IL, 1793, p. 197.— Syst., Fiez., 180-1, p. 167.— 
 
 Lamarck, Hist. nat. anim. s. vert., IV., 1817, p. 153.— Id., Ed. 2^ IV., 1835. 
 
 p. 363. 
 Brachrayeria annulata Blanchard, Hist. nat. Insect., III., 1835, p. 393. 
 Chalcis annulatus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. liOndon, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 80, 
 
 9(5".- Dalla Torre, (^at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 
 Chalcis annulipes Walker, Ent. Mag., IL, 1834, p. 29. 
 Chalcis ovataSay, Keating's Narrat. Exped., IL, 1824, p. 326. — Leconte, Ed. Say's 
 
 Works, L, 1859, p. 219.— Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 59.— 
 
 Litner's First Rep. Ins., New York, 1882, p. 86. — Cameron, Biol. Centr. 
 
 Amer. Hym., I., 1884, p. 99 ; PI. 4, f. 16.— Provancher, Add. Fn. du Canada, 
 
 Hym., 1887, p. 190. 
 Leucospis inteyra Haldemann, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II. , 1844, p. 53, (f. — 
 
 Oesson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 35. — Schletterer, Berlin, ent. 
 
 Zeitschr., XXXV., 1890, p. 291.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 411. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 409 
 
 Chalds incerta Cresson, Proc. Ent. See. Phila., IV., 1865, p. 101. 
 Brachymeria panamensis Holmgren, Eugenies Resa Ins., 1868, p. 437. 
 ChdIciftflavipesKirhy, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII. , 1883, p. 68. — Howard, 
 in Scudder's Butterflies U. S., 1889, p. 1886 ; PI. 88, figs. 14 and 15. 
 North and South America. 
 
 Chalcis augarus Walker. 
 
 ChaJcis augarus Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, ?cf.—Dalla Torre, Oat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 386. 
 Brazil (Mr. Curtis' collection). 
 
 Chalcis decreta Walker. 
 Chalds decrda Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 352, $.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. llyni., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 Brazil : Santareiu (Bates) ; Chapada, Mai'ch. 
 
 Chalcis eurytomoides Walker. 
 
 Chalcis eurytomoides Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 207, 9. — 
 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. IlyuL, V., 1S98, p. 387. 
 
 Brazil : Amazon (Bates). 
 
 Chalcis ferruginea Fabricius. 
 
 Chalcis ferruginea Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 387. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Chalcis fervida Walker. 
 
 Chalcis ferrida Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), LX., 1852, p. 42, 9.— Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 387. 
 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Chalcis implex a Walker. 
 
 Chalcis implcxa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (:;), I., 18(52, p. 352, c^.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Ilym., V., 189S, p. 388. 
 Brazil : Ega (Bates) ; Santarem ; Corumha (many specimens). 
 
 Chalcis minuta (Liun^). 
 
 Vespa sp. Geoffroy, Hist. ahr. hisect., II., 1762, p. 380. 
 
 VesiHi minuta Linne, Syst. nat., Ed. 12% I., 18(')7. p. n.")2.— Pli. L. Muller, Linnea 
 
 Vollst. Natursy.st., V., 2, 1775, p. 8S7.— X'illers, C. Linmei P:iitom., 111., 1789: 
 
 p. 272.— Clirist, Naturg. d. liisccl., 1791, p. 246 
 
410 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Vespa femoralis Fourcroy, Ent<jia. Paris, II., 1785, p. 437. 
 
 f Sphex fevioralis Christ, Naturg. d. Insect., 1791, p. 291. 
 
 Ghalcis femorata Dalman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand!., XLI., 1820, p. 143, J [excl. 
 9].— Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, pp. 28 and 413 [excl. 
 synon.]. — Thomson, Hym. Skand., IV., 1875, p. 18, 9cJ*. 
 
 Ichneumon minufus Coquel^ert, Illustr. iconogr. Insect., I., 1790, p. 19 ; T. 4, f. 7. 
 
 Brodynieria minnta Westwood, Phil. Mag. (3), I., 1832, p. 127. — Blanchard, Hist, 
 nat. Ins., III., 1840, p. 255. — Westwood, Intro, mod. Class. Ins. Synop., 
 p. 66. 
 
 Chak-is rniimfd Fabricius, Mant. Insect., I., 1787, p. 273. — Gmehn, Linne, Syst. nat, 
 Ed. 13^ 1790, p. 2742.— Olivier, Encycl. method. Ins., V., 1790, p. 439.— 
 Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, II., 1790, p. 58, .9— Fabricius, Ent. Syst., II., 1793, 
 p. 195.— Panzer, Faun. Insect. German., III., 1796, p. 19 ; T. 4, f. 7.— Walck- 
 enaer. Faun. Paris, II., 1802, p. 77. — Schrokenstein, Verz. d. Halbkafei-, etc., 
 1802, p. 30.— Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.— Latreille, Hist. nat. Crust, 
 et Ins., XIIL, 1805, p. 220.— Panzer, Krit-Revis., II., 1806, p. 98.— Ilhger, 
 Rossi : Fauna Etrusca, Ed. 2% XL, 1807, p. 87. — Jurine, Nouv. meth. class. 
 Hym., 1807, p. 315, 9.— Latreille, Gen. Crust. & Ins., IV., 1809, p. 26.— 
 Spinola, Ann. Mus. hist, nat., XVII. , 1811, p. 147.— Lamarck, Hist. nat. 
 anim. s. vert, IV., 1817, p. 153.— Fouscolombe, Ann. Sc. Nat, XX^'I., 1832, 
 p. 277.— Audouin, Hist nat Insect Mus., 1842, p. 183, d" ; T. 18, fig. 5.— 
 Blanchard, Cuvier : Regne anim., Ed. 3", Insect, IL, 1849; T. 113, f. 5.— 
 Spinola, Gay; Hist fis. de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 468, 9c^.— Dumeril, 
 Mem. acad. sc. Paris, XXXI., 1860, p. 959.— Disconzi, Entom. Vicent, 1865, 
 p. 134 ; T. 9, f. 154.— Ed. Andre, Ann. Soc. ent France (6), I., 1881 ; T. 9, f. 
 5. — S. Saunders, Trans. Ent Soc. London, 1881, Proc, p. xxiv. — Kirl)y, 
 .Tourn. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 65; PI. 4, f. 45 and 46.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat Hym., V., 1898, p. 390. 
 Europe ; North and South America. 
 
 Chalcis MNEStor Walker. 
 
 Chalcis ntncstor Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 219.— Dalla Torre, Cat Hym., V, 
 1898, p. 390. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Chalcis orseis Walker. 
 
 Cludcis orseis Walker, The Entom., I., 1842, p. 338, 9.— Dalla Torre, ('at. Hym., Y., 
 1898, p. 390. 
 Brazil (Mr. Shuckard's collection). 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THK CHALCID FLIES 411 
 
 Chalcis producta Olivier. 
 
 Clialcis producta Olivier, Encycl. Method. Ins., V., 1790, p. 438.— Dalla Torre Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1S98, p. 391. 
 
 Brazil : Cayenne. 
 
 ? Chalcis quadripunctata Fabriciu.s. 
 
 Clialci'i quiuh-ipnncMil Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 165.— Dalla Torre, ( 'at. Hym., 
 
 \'., 18'.)8, p. 392. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 ? Chalcis serripes Fabricius. 
 
 Chaku srrrlpes Fabricius, Sy.st. Piez., 1804, p. 164.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Ilym., \'., 
 
 1898, p. 392. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Shuckard's collection). 
 
 ? Chalcis subfasciata Holmgren. 
 
 Chalcis subfasciata Holmgren, Eugenics Resa, Ins., 1868, p. 436, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 
 Argentina : Buenos Ayres. 
 
 Chalcis testacea Blan chard. 
 Chalcis testacea Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., Ill, 1840, p. 254.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 393. 
 Brazil : Cayenne. 
 
 Chalcis vicaria Walker. 
 
 Chalcis vicaria Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 183, -.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 393. 
 Brazil : Ega (Bates). 
 
 Chalcis villosa Olivier. 
 
 Chalcis villosa Olivier, Encycl. Method. Ins., V., 1790, p. 438.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 393. 
 
 St. Trinite. 
 
 Tribe II. Smicrini. 
 
 Genus SMICRA Spinola. 
 Under this genus Dr. von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenoptcrorum, has 
 recorded about 200 species, described by Fabricius, Spinola. ^^'alker and others, but 
 of this numljer scarcely a dozen belong to Smicra Spinola, as restricted by Thomson 
 and accepted by Howard and the writer ; the vast majority belong to Spilochalcis 
 Thomson, but many others fall into other genera characterized in this work. 
 
412 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUf?EUM 
 
 Smicra CLAVATA (Fabricius.) 
 
 Cliahis davata Fabricius, 8yst. Piez., 1804, p. 162.— Dalla Tone, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 387. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Genus EPITRANUS Walker. 
 Epitranus fulvesgens Walker. 
 Epitranus fidvcscens^\&\kQr, Ent. Mag., II., 1834, p. 26. — KirVjy, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
 London, ZooL, XVIL, 1883, p. 55; pL 3, f. 6 and 7.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 383. 
 West Indies : St. Vincent ; South America : Brazil. 
 
 EUSTYPIURA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 Allied to Spilochalcis, but easily separated by the abdominal differences, the 
 eighth segment being greatly lengthened into a compressed stylus, as in Stypiura 
 Kirby. 
 
 EUSTYPIURA BICOLOR, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXI., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Female. — Length 9.5-10 mm. Pale honey-yellow ; eyes green ; the pedi- 
 cel and the first three or four basal joints of the flagellum, the middle and hind 
 coxse, tips of their tibiae, middle tarsi, hind trochanters, basal half of hind femora, 
 and the abdomen, except the stylus and sometimes the seventh segment, black. 
 Wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish toward base, the veins light brownish. The 
 hind femora are armed with one moderately large tooth, followed by about fourteen 
 minute teeth. 
 
 Male. — Length 7 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that there is a dusky 
 median streak on the mesonotum posteriorly and the abdomen is ovate, without a 
 stylus. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem, in April ; Chapada, in March and April. Descril)ed from five 
 females and two males. 
 
 EUSTYPIURA SEXMACULATA, Sp. noV. 
 
 (Plate XXXI., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Female. — Length 9-10 mm. Ceneral color pale honey-yellow ; pedicel and four 
 or five basal joints of the flagellum, the occiput, a spot on the anterior face of the 
 pronotum, the middle lobe of the mesonotum, except along the parapsidal furrows, 
 the inner margins of the lateral lobes, the axillse and base of scutellum, the apex of 
 scutellum, tips of hind femora, a spot at apex of hind femora beneath, and the base 
 and apex of hind tibite, ]>lack ; the abdomen has some faint transverse brownish 
 bands. Wings hyaline. The hind femora are armed with one moderate-sized tooth 
 at base, followed by sixteen or seventeen minute teeth. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OI-' THK CHALCID FLIKS 413 
 
 Brazil : Santarem ; Maruru ; Para. Tliree specimens. The specimen from 
 Maruru has the hasal half of tiie liind femora black; while that from Para lias a 
 spot at base and the apex of the stylus black. 
 
 EUSTYPIURA SMITHII, S]). nov. 
 
 FciiKi/r. — Length 12 mm. Tale honey -yellow ; the pedicel and the flagellum are 
 brown-black, paler beneath at apex ; two triangular Ijlack spots on the middle 
 mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, and two faint streaks behind these ; the lateral lobes 
 have a black spot on the inner margins; the scutellum has a narrow transverse band 
 at base and its tip black ; while the hind femora have a black spot at apex beneath. 
 Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen has the segments two to seven 
 faintly brownish at apex. The hind femora are armed with one large long tooth at 
 base followed by about nine or ten small teeth, the small teeth tipped with black. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson. 
 Spilochalcis abdominalis (Walker). 
 Smicra abdominalis Walker, Journ. of Ent., I., 1861, p. 177, J'. 
 Smicra ambigua Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I\'., 1872, p. 44, J*. 
 Smicra abdominalis Cvessou, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 57, cT. — l)alla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 372. 
 Mexico : Orizaba (Salle) ; South America : Brazil. 
 
 SPILOCHALCIS ACCILA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera acciln Walker, the Entom., I., 1841, p. 21 <S. — Dalla Torre, ("at. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil (Mr. Shuckard's collection). 
 
 SPILOCHALCIS ACUTA (Fal)riciiis). 
 
 C7(«/c(.s flCT(y« Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. IHl.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 p. 385. 
 Brazil. 
 
 SPILOCHALCIS ADJUNCTA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera adjunda Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IP, 18(14, p. 189, J'. 
 Smicra adjuncfa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil (:\Ir. Bates). 
 
 SPILOCHALCIS ADMI.XTA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera admixta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 189, 9. 
 Smicra adjuncfa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
414 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Genus SPILOCHALCIS Thomson. 
 Spilochalcis jEMULA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera ^mula Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1.S64, p. 192, 9. 
 
 Smicra semula Dalla Torre, ( -at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis ^qualis (Walker). 
 
 Smiera eequalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 200, J*. 
 
 Smicra seqiialis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis afficta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera afficta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., p. 184, (T. 
 Smicra afficta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis alienata (W^alker). 
 
 Smiera alienata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 195, 9. 
 Smicra alienata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 393. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis annexa (Walker). 
 
 Smiera anne.m Walker, Ti-ans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 204, 9. 
 
 Smicra anne.ra Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis annulifera (Walker). 
 
 Smiera annulifera Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 202, 9 
 
 Smicra annulifera Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis apparata (Walker). 
 
 Smiera apparata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 186, 9. 
 
 Smicra apparata Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis appressa (Walker). 
 
 Smiera ap^jressa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II. , 1864, p. 186, 9. 
 
 Smicra appressa Walker, Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis attacta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera attacta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 206, 9. 
 Smicra attacta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 415 
 
 Spilochalcis bergii (Kirby). 
 
 Smicra (?) bcnjii Kirby, Ann. & Nat. Hist. (5), XV., 1S85, p. 244, 9 J^.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Uruguay. 
 
 Spilochalcis blanda (Walker). 
 
 Sniiera hi andaAV alker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 18C4, p. 199, 9(5". 
 Smicra blanda Dalla, Torre, Cat. Hym., V.. 1898, j). 374. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Bpilochalci.s buemeisteri (Kirby). 
 Smicra hiirmeisicri Kirby, .Tourn. Linn. Soc. London, ZooL, XVII., 1883, p. 73. — 
 Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XV., 1885, p. 243.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 243. 
 Brazil : St. Paulo ; Argentine. 
 
 Spilochalcis capitulata (Costa). 
 
 Smiera capitulata Costa, Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68, d". 
 
 Smicra capitulata Dalla Torre, ("at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis celsa (Walker). 
 
 Smiera celsa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 201, d". 
 Smicra celsa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, j). 374. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis cognata (Walker). 
 Sniera cognata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 204, 9. 
 Smicra cognata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis composita (Walker). 
 
 Smiera composita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1 1., 1864, p. 188, 9. 
 Smicra composita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis congrua (Walker). 
 Smiera congrua Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 176, 9. 
 Smicra congrua Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : Santarem (Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis contracta (Walker). 
 Smiera contracta Walker, Trans. P]nt. Soc. London (3), IL, 1864, p. 184, 9. 
 Smicra contracta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil (INfr. Bates). 
 
416 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MTTSEUM 
 
 Spilochalcis coNTRiBUTA (Walker). 
 
 Sraiera contrihiita Walker, Trans. Ent. See. London (3), II.. 1804, p. 201, d" 
 Smicra confrihnta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis costalis (Walker). 
 
 Sniera costalis Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 174, 9. 
 Smicra costalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Spilochalcis dares (Walker). 
 
 Sraiera dares Walker, The Entom., I., 1842, p. 338, 9. 
 Smicra dares Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil (Mr. Shuckard's collection). 
 
 (?) Spilochalcis decipiens (Kirby). 
 Smiera decipiens Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 73. — Dalla 
 Torre, (!at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : Villa Nova, Amazon. 
 
 Spilochalcis decisa (Walker). 
 
 Smiera decisa Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 176, cf. 
 Smicra decisa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : St. Paulo. 
 
 Spilochalcis deducta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera deducta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 1864, p. 206, 9. 
 Smicra deducta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis defuncta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera defuncta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 189, 9. 
 
 Sraiera defuncta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis demonstrata (Walker). 
 
 Sraiera demonstrata talker, Journ. Ent, I., 1861, p. 175, 9. 
 
 Smicra deraonstrata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 
 Brazil : Villa Nova (Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis demota (Walker). 
 Smiera demota Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 1864, p. 205, 9. 
 Smicra deraota Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
ASHMEAD: classification of the CHALCII) Fr,IES 417 
 
 Spilochalcis depicta (Walker). 
 
 Sniiera depicta Wa\kev,'Tvans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1804, p. 203, 9. 
 
 Smicra depicta Dalla Torre, ( 'at. Hyni., A'., 1898, p. 376. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates'). 
 
 Spii-ochalcis descripta (Walker). 
 
 Siniera descrijAa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 197, 9. 
 
 Smicra descripjta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., ^^, 1898, p. 370. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis detracta (Walker). 
 
 Smicra detracta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 202, cf. 
 
 Smicra detracta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis dimota (Walker). 
 
 Smiera dimota Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II. , 1864, p. 196, 9. 
 
 Smicra dimota Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., X., 1898, p. 370. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis discalis (Walker). 
 
 Smiera discalis Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 178, 9. 
 
 Smicra discalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 370. 
 
 Brazil : Ega (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis discolor (Walker). 
 Smiera discolor Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 180, 9. 
 Smicra discolor Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 37(5. 
 
 Brazil : St. Paulo (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis disposita (Walker). 
 Smiera disposita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 18()4, [). 196, 9. 
 Smicra disposita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., \., 1898, p. 376. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis enyo (Walker). 
 
 Smiera enyo Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 133, 9 c?. 
 Smicra enyo Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 Brazil (Mr. Curtis' collection). 
 
 Spilochalcis exhauriens (Walker). 
 Smiera exhauriensVi a\ker,TYanfi. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1898, p. 198, 9. 
 Smicra exhauriens DaWa. Torre, Cat. Hym., \'., 1898, p. 376. 
 Brazil CMr. Bates). 
 
418 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Spilochalcis expleta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera expleta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1S64, p. 107, 9. 
 
 Smicra expleta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis flava (Fabricius). 
 
 Claddsflava Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 261.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., \., 1898, 
 p. 388. 
 South America : Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis andr6i Ashmeail, n. n. 
 
 Sniirra //((re.s-ce//.s- Andre, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (6), I., 1881, p. 343. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
 
 Guiana. 
 
 Spilochalcis foveata (Kiiby). 
 
 Smicra fovcata Kirljy, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XA^IL, 1883, p. 71, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
 
 Brazil : Amazon. 
 
 Spilochalcis ghilianii (Spinola). 
 
 Smicra ghilianii Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 4(i, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis GRACILIS (Kirby). 
 
 Snricra gracili>i Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), IV., 1889, p. 143.— Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., v., 1898, p. 377. 
 
 Brazil : Theresopolis. 
 
 Spilochalcis illata (Walker). 
 
 Smiera illafa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 348, J*. 
 Smicra illata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., X., 1898, p. 377. 
 
 Brazil : Ega. 
 
 Spilochalcis incerta (Kirby). 
 
 Smiera incerta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 183, 9 nee c?'. 
 Smicra incerta Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool, XVII., 1883, p. 72. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
 Brazil : Amazon. 
 
 Spilochalcis lanceolata (Walker). 
 
 Smiera lanceolata Walker, Journ. P]nt., I., 1861, p. 174, 9. 
 Smicra lanceolata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., \ ., 1898, p. 378. 
 Brazil : Santarem (Mr. Bates). 
 
ASHMEAP : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCIH FLIES 419 
 
 Spilochalcis lepreurii (Spinola). 
 Smicra Icprotrii Spinola, Ann. 8oc. i^nt. France, IX., 1840, p. i»(S, rf. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 
 
 Brazil : (Jayenne. 
 
 Spilochalcis lobata (Costa). 
 
 Sniiera lobata Costa, Ann. inus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68. 
 
 ISmicra Johafa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 
 
 ? Brazil. 
 
 ? Spilochalcis luteipennis (Walker). 
 
 Sniiera luteipemm AValker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 172, 9 cf. 
 
 Smicra lutcipemiis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 378. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis miiltinutata (Costa). 
 Smiera mulflnotdfa Costa, Ann. mus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68, 9. 
 Smicra mult Inota fa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 379. 
 ? Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis nehulosa (Walker). 
 Smiera nehulosa Walker, Jonrn. Ent., I., 18()1, p. 180, 9. 
 Smicra nehulosa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 
 Brazil : Ega (Mr. Bates). 
 
 ? Spilochalcis nkjuicornis (Fabricius). 
 
 Chalcis nigricornis Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 8uppl., 1798, p. 243. — Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 
 
 1804, p. 163.— Jurine, Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym., 1807, p. 316, 9 d". 
 Smicra nigricornis Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 57. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis obliterans (Walker). 
 
 Smiera ohliferam Walker, Journ. Ent. I., 1861, p. 175, 9 (^. 
 Smicra obliterans Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 380. 
 Brazil : .^antarem. 
 
 Spilochalcis peiuolerii (Sinnola). 
 
 Smiera -peirolcrii Spinola, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., XVII., 1811, p. 147 (s. descrip.). 
 Smicra peirolerii Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 386. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis peka (Kiihy). 
 
 Smicra pera Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 72. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 3sl. 
 Brazil. 
 
420 MEMOIKS OK THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Spilochalcis picta (Andre). 
 
 Smicra picta Andre, Ann. Soc. ent. France (6), I., 1881, p. 341, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym , V., 1898, p. 381. 
 ? Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis pielus (Walker). 
 
 Smiera pielus Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1838, p. 470, 9. 
 Smicra pielus Dalla Torre, Cat. H3-m., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 Spilochalcis PYGM.aEA (Fabricius). 
 Chalcis pygrivxa Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162. — Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins., III., 
 1840, p. 254.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 392. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Spilochalcis quinquesignata (Costa). 
 
 Smiera quinquesignata Costa, Ann. mus. zool. Napoli, II. (1862), 1864, p. 68, 9. 
 Smicra quinquesignata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 ? Brazil. 
 
 SiPLOCHACIS EEFEEATOE (Walker). 
 
 Smiera referator Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 347, 9. 
 Smicra referator Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 Brazil : Ega (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis sordida (Walker). 
 Smiera sordida Walker, Journ. Ent., I., 1861, p. 177, 9. 
 Smicra sordida Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 382. 
 Brazil : Villa Nova (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis teeminalis (Walker). 
 
 Smiera terminalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 200, 9. 
 
 Smicra terminalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 383. 
 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Spilochalcis toreida (Walker). 
 
 Smiera torrida Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 46, 9. 
 Smicra torrida Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 383. 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Spilochalcis vacillans (Walker). 
 
 Smiera vacillans Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 199, 9. 
 Smicra vacillans Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 383. 
 Brazil. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 421 
 
 Spilochalcis varikgata (Fabricius). 
 Chains niriajafa Fabricius, Syst. Piez., ISfM, p. IGO.—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., V., 
 1898, p. 393. 
 Brazil (Mr. Bates). 
 
 TABLE OF NEW SPEC.TES. 
 
 1. Thdiax jfllow or mostly yellow ■ 15 
 
 Thorax black or mostly black, or red. 
 
 Mesouotum entirely black 2 
 
 Mesonotum not entirely black 5 
 
 2. Dorsum of pronotum entirely yellow 3 
 
 Dorsum of pronotum not entirely yellow. 
 
 Hind margin of pronotum with a yellow line on each side ; clypeus e.xcept anteriorly, the front 
 and hind orbits, all tarsi, and a line on each side of the scutellum, yellow ; abdonicii black 
 with only the petiole yellow, ? S. tarsalis. 
 
 Hind margin of pronotum entirely yellow ; head entirely black ; lateral mesothoracic lobes with 
 a yellow spot in front of the tegulje ; scutellum with a yellow Hue across the base ; abdomen 
 entirely black, ? ,S'. atriitn. 
 
 3. Middle mesothoracic lobe entirely black 4 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe not entirely black, either margined witli yellow or with miiuite yellow or red- 
 dish dots or spots, sometimes red or red in part 5 
 
 4. Front orbits, a spot on hind orbits below, the scape, the apical half of scutellum, except the apical ridge, 
 
 the legs, except a large spot on hind femora above at apex and their tarsi, yellow ; lateral mesothoracic 
 lobes and theaxilliE black ; abdomen with the basal half or more ferruginous, ?.. ..S. sarifaremcnfiix. 
 
 5. Thorax above not red 11 
 
 Thorax above red or red for the greater part. 
 
 Hind coxiB black G 
 
 Hind coxse ferruginous or yellow, but sometimes with a black spot or line 7 
 
 6. Head red ; thorax except pleura and metathorax which are black, red ; scape, front and middle 
 
 legs and the long petiole of abdomen, yellow ; body of abdomen rufous ; hind femora and tibite 
 ferruginous, ? S. riifodorsaliti. 
 
 7. Head normal, seen from in front not wider than long 8 
 
 Head abnormal, seen from in front much wider than long. 
 
 Thorax, except the sutures, red, the pronotum with a yellowish tinge ; scape, front and middle 
 legs, yellow, the middle femora toward apex and the tibiaj toward ba.se brownish, the hind 
 femora dusky at middle ; abdomen red, ? ' S. laticeps. 
 
 8. Thorax not mostly red 9 
 
 Thorax mostly red 10 
 
 9. Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly and the metathorax which are black, red ; 
 
 base of antennse and the legs yellow ; abdomen yellowish, the petiole black, 9 S. nigropetiolalu. 
 
 Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly, the lateral lobes and the scutellum which 
 are red, black ; head black ; front and middle legs yellow ; hind femora black ; hind tibiiu and 
 
 tarsi and the long abdominal petiole, yellow, 5 ^'. rufosculellaris. 
 
 10. Thorax, except the middle mesothoracic lobe posterioily ami the iiietathorax which arc black, red ; 
 legs yellow ; abdomen j)ale ferruginous, the petiole black iS'. ni(/ro}ieiioliila. 
 
422 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Thorax above wholly red, the pleura and metathorax black ; head black ; scape, front and middle 
 legs and the abdomen at base pale yellowish ; hind legs, except tarsi, pale ferruginous, $ . 
 
 S. flavobasalia. 
 
 11. Thorax above mostly black, without small yellow or reddish dots, the lobes margined with yellow.. 12 
 Thorax above mostly black, but the dorsum with many small yellow or reddish dots. 
 
 Legs mostly black, the knees of front and middle legs, the base and apex of tibise, and all tarsi, 
 yellow ; abdomen black with two transverse white lines at apex of the second dorsal seg- 
 ment, 9 <S'. janeiroensis. 
 
 12. Hind coxte mostly black or black ivith yellow stripes 13 
 
 Hind coxae not mostly black ; mesothoracic lobes margined with yellow 15 
 
 13. Hind coxa; ivilh a yellow spot at base above or striped black and yellow 14 
 
 Hind coxae without a yellow spot at base. Head, except the front orbits, black ; thorax black with a 
 
 line on each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe and two large spots on the scutellum, yellow ; 
 hind femora with a spot at apex, the front and middle legs except the coxae, the hiud tarsi and the 
 petiole of the abdomen, yellow, i .S'. santaremensis. 
 
 14. Vertex with no irregular yellow marks, otherwise similar to S. flavopetiolata, except that the scutellum 
 
 has two oblong yellow spots, one on each side, the metanotum and the mesopleura being im- 
 maculate 16 
 
 Vertex with irregular yellow marks, or the ocelli margined with yellow ; front orbits, clypeus, a line on 
 each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot on the lateral lobes, two oblong spots at base of 
 scutellum nearly confluent, two spots on metanotum, a spot on mesopleura beneath the tegulse and 
 a small spot in front of it, and the legs, except the coxae, the base of front and middle femora 
 beneath, and most of hind legs which are black, yellow ; the hind coxae have a yellow spot at base 
 above connected with a long yellow stripe beneath ; hind femora margined with yellow at base and 
 above, and also with a yellow spot outwardly near the apex ; hiud tibiae with a yellow line outwardly 
 extending from near the base to the apex S. flavoorbitalis. 
 
 15. Front wings maculate, or with a fuscous spot or cloud from the tip of the stigmal vein 16 
 
 Front wings immaculate, or without a fuscous spot or cloud from the tip of the stigmal vein 21 
 
 16. Head not entirely yellow, the occiput and the scrobes or the middle of the face black 17 
 
 Head entirely yellow 20 
 
 17. Scutellum mostly yellow with a central black spot ; if black margined with yellow, the axilhe never 
 
 wholly black, the ridge or plate at apex entire 18 
 
 Scutellum mostly black with two large yellow spots nearly confluent at apex, the axilla- wholly black, 
 the ridge at apex emarginate ; front and middle legs yellow, $ S. persimilis. 
 
 18. All legs entirely yellow, except a spot, sometimes faint or nearly obsolete, on hind coxae above. ... 19 
 Front and middle legs entirely yellow, the hind legs marked with black, the coxae more or less black 
 
 above, $ S. unimaculata. 
 
 19. Abdomen fusiformly pointed and yellow, except the sheaths of the ovipositor which are black. 
 
 All mesothoracic lobes black margined with yellow ; scutellum yellow with a large central black 
 spot ; mesopleural furrow black ; hind coxae with a distinct black spot, ? S. perplexa. 
 
 Not all of the mesothoracic lobes black margined witli yellow, the lateral lobes being wholly 
 yellow ; spot on hind coxae nearly obsolete, ? -S'. imitator. 
 
 20. Thorax mostly yellow with the sutures, a median stripe or line on the middle mesothoracic lobe pos- 
 
 teriorly and on the scutellum, black ; all legs yellow ; abdomen as in S. imitator, $ <S. simillima. 
 
 Thorax mostly yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly and the tip of the metathorax 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 423 
 
 duskj' or black, the scutellum entirely yellow ; all legs yellow but the hind coxre above ferruginous 
 or blackish at apex ; abdomen ferruginous, the petiole Ion;;, blackish at base, the body oblong oval, 
 tinged with fuscous or blackish at sides towards apex, S' '*''• chapadw. 
 
 21. Thorax not entirely yellow 22 
 
 Thorax entirely yellow, immaculate 18 
 
 22. Middle mesothoracic lobe yellow with two small black spots or short lines on the anterior margin and 
 
 a black spot posteriorly 7S 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe cjuite differently marked 23 
 
 23. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a large triangular black spot, or black with the sides and the base (the 
 
 part near the scutellum) margined with yellow or white (the black sometimes with a yellow central 
 
 spot) 24 
 
 Bliddlc mesothoracic lobe with one or more black lines, or with a central black spot 44 
 
 24. Middle mesothoracic lobe margined with yellow 25 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe margined with white. 
 
 Head, except the scrobes and the occiput, the pronotum above, the outer margins of the lateral 
 mesothoracic lobes, two large spots on the scutellum, a line on each side of the" metathorax 
 
 and the front and middle legs white or yellowish-white S. albomaculatii . 
 
 2.5. Hind coxie not mostlj' black, either ferruginous or yellow, but sometimes spotted or striped with black, 
 
 26 
 Hind coxiB nearly wholly black, or at most with a yellowish spot at base abo\e or below ; body of 
 abdomen rufous or pale ferruginous, the petiole yellow. 
 
 Hind coxse black except a spot at base beneath ; mesothoracic lobes mostly red margined with 
 
 yellow ; pleura black, ? S. santarema. 
 
 Hind coxffi black except a spot at base above; mesothoracic lobes black margined with yellow ; 
 abdomen red S. crythrogaster. 
 
 26. Hind coxse striped longitudinally with black or yellow and black 27 
 
 Hind coxse not so marked, at the most with only a black spot, but freiiucntly immaculate, except at the 
 
 extreme apex 28 
 
 27. Lateral mesothoracic lobes along the outer and basal margins yellow ; scutellum black with a yellow 
 
 band across the base, the axilhe wholly yellow, except a delicate black line at base ; hind femora 
 mostly yellow with a leg of mutton shaped black spot extending from the base to near the middle, 
 and a curved black line toward apex ; abdomen black and yellow, the petiole, base of the second, 
 
 third and fourth dorsal segments black, 9 jS. JluvoaxiUaris. 
 
 Lateral mesothoracic lobes with an oblique yellow spot on the outer basal angle ; scutellum with two 
 spots at base and its apex yellow, the axillsB wholly black ; hind femora mostly black marked with 
 yellow at base and above and with a curved yellow line outwardly at apex ; abdomen yellow and 
 black banded, the petiole yellow f S. flavoorbitalis. 
 
 28. All coxie yellow, immaculate, except sometimes the hind coxie at the extreme apex 32 
 
 All coxse not yellow, immaculate, the hind coxae maculate or at least dusky at base or at apex or with 
 
 a large black spot 29 
 
 29. Head not entirely yellow, the occiput and the scrobes, or the middle of the face, black 30 
 
 Head entirely yellow 31 
 
 30. Middle mesothoracic lobe margined with yellow and with a small yellow spot in the black before the 
 
 middle, the lateral lobes margined with yellow outwardly ; scutellum margined all around with yel- 
 low, the axilhe with a yellow spot behind ; dorsum of pronotum yellow with a small black spot on 
 
424 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNECilE MUSEUM 
 
 each side, mcso- and inetapleura marked with yellow ; hind femora yellow with four black spots on 
 the outer face and one small spot on the inner face ; abdomen short ovate, the petiole about four 
 times as long as thick, the segments 3 to 8 at sides banded with black or ftiscous jS. marginata. 
 
 31. Face with a long acute tubercle between the insertion of the antenna;, yellow, a large triangular black 
 
 spot on middle mesothoracic lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, mesopleura, and spot on 
 metanotum black ; abdomen pale ferruginous ; 9 S. tuherculata. 
 
 32. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a large triangular black spot or black with the sides and the base (the 
 
 part nearest the scutellum) yellow, the lateral lobes also margined outwardly with yellow 33 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe with one or more black lines, the lateral lobes usually immaculate. ... 44 
 
 33. Scutellum yellow with a central black line or spot, the axillae not entirely black, usually yellow with 
 
 a black spot 34 
 
 Scutellum yellow with a large quadrate black spot at base, the axilhe black. 
 
 Scutellum at apex emarginate or bidentate ; hind femora marked with black ; their tibia; bian- 
 nulate with black ; abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole not more than thrice as long as thick. 
 
 (S'. bidentata. 
 
 34. Occiput and the vertex yellow, the scrobes always yellow 42 
 
 Occiput and the vertex black, the scrobes always black. 
 
 The triangular black spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe withovt a central yellow s-pot. . . 35 
 The triangular black spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe with a central j'ellow spot 39 
 
 35. Mesopleural furrow (the femoral furrow of the mesopleura) black 36 
 
 Mesopleural furrow not black 37 
 
 36. Hind femora outwardly with a large broad black spot near the base, a small black spot at apex and 
 
 another above it on the upper margiu ; abdomen subglobose, the petiole about four times as long as 
 
 thick S. maeulata, sp. nov. 
 
 Hind femora immaculate, except a black spot within near upper margin ; abdomen oblong oval, 
 faintly tinged with piceous, the petiole three times as long as thick {(^), in female long fusiform or 
 lanceolate, the petiole short, transverse S. hempeii. 
 
 37. Hind coxa; with a black stripe or spot above 38 
 
 Hind coxjE immaculate. 
 
 Hind femora with a large black spot on upper margin within ; scutellum yellow with a median 
 black line (S'. hempeii. 
 
 Hind femora immaculate ; abdomen fusiformly pointed, some of the dorsal segments banded 
 with fuscous, the petiole four times as long as thick ; ? ; scutellum with a large black spot 
 on the disk .iS. devia. 
 
 38. No new species fall in here. 
 
 39. Meso- and meta-pleura yellow, except sometimes a black spot in the femoral furrow 40 
 
 Meso- and meta-pleura, except a spot beneath the insertion of the wings, black. 
 
 Hind coxie black at apex, the hind femora yellow with a large black spot across from the large 
 basal tooth and another smaller spot at apex, the hind femora with a black annulus at base; 
 body of abdomen short, dusky above ; ? iS'. nigropleuralts. 
 
 40. Hind femora immaculate 41 
 
 Hind femora with one or two black spots. 
 
 Hind femora with two black spots ; abdomen short ovate, shorter than the head and thorax 
 
 united, the petiole about thrice as long as thick ; 9 -5- himaculata. 
 
 Hind femora with one black spot ; abdomen oval, the petiole only twice as long as thick ; c?- 
 
 S. corumbicola. 
 
ASHMEAI) : CLASSIKirATION OV TIIK ClIAI.cni) FLIKS 425 
 
 41. Alidomen in ? long, fusiforinly pointed, longer than tlic licml ami thorax united, the petiole very 
 
 sliort, wider than long, in c^ not longer than the thorax, the petiole thrice as long as thick. 
 
 S. miilleri. 
 
 Abdomen in + fusifonn, but not longer lliau the head and tliorax united, the petiole nearly thrice as 
 
 thick, in z? oblong-oval "S howardi. 
 
 42. Front fiice of pronotum immaculate "13 
 
 Front face of pronotum with a median black si>ot. 
 
 Mesopleura entirely yellow ; r^ ''^- iiiiill''ri- 
 
 43. Hindeoxae with a black spot at ba<e6cnraY/i,- niesupleural furrow and aspot on each side of the nut;iiio- 
 
 tuin black; abdomen fusiform, more or less reddish, the dor-sal segments banded with black oi- 
 fuscous, the petiole black and about thrice as long as thick S. howardi. 
 
 44. iMiddle mesothoracic lobe with a small central black spot or with two black spots anteriorly 80 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe not so marked. 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe ivilh a central black line its entire lenglli or nearly so 45 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe without a central black line, but with two lines anteriorly, or these 
 lines are united and form a loop, which is sometimes connected with a short median black 
 line from the base of the scutelluui 64 
 
 45. Parapsidal furrows or sutures not black >">■* 
 
 Parapsidal furrows or sutures black. 
 
 Hind coxiB immaculate or with only a l)lack spot above, or the extreme apex black, never 
 
 striped longitudinally with black -l" 
 
 Hind coxaj striped longitudinally with black ■i" 
 
 4(). Hind coxai with a black stripe both above and beneath : mctatliorax witli a central black spot ; abdo- 
 men subglobose, banded with black or fuscous above, the petiole a little nioie tlian twice longer than 
 
 tjjielj S. insularis. 
 
 Hind coxic with a black stripe above only ; metathorax dusky medially ; al)doraen conically produced, 
 the dorsum banded with black, the petiole not quite twice as long as thick J5. trinidademix. 
 
 47. Hind coxie immaculate except sometimes at apex '^^ 
 
 Hind coxse with a large black spot above. 
 
 Hind femora with two black spots, one near the middle an<l one at the apex ; mesopleural fur- 
 row black ; body of abdomen subglobose : faintly bande<l, the petiole about thrice as long as 
 tlijck >S'. incongrva. 
 
 Hind femora immaculate ; a small spot on each lateral mcsotlioracic lobe; abdomen elongate 
 lanceolate, much longer than the head and thorax united, llic petiole \ery short, transverse. 
 
 .S'. mayri. 
 
 48. Mesopleura marked with black ; middle mesothoracic lobe with a central black line 49 
 
 Mesopleura immaculate •''•' 
 
 4i). Hind femora maculate "''" 
 
 Hind femora immaculate ''■' 
 
 50. The central black line on the middle mesothoracic lobe not or only slightly dilated at the middle. . . 51 
 The central black line on the middle mesothoracic lobe dilated at the middle ; hind femora with a spot 
 at base beneath and> spot at apex beneath black ; abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole more than thri.e 
 longer than thick. 
 
 Hind tibia; xvithoul a median black ban.l «. limida. 
 
 Hind tibiic with a median black band ''^^- l>i""n,ilata. 
 
420 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 51. Hiiul femora with a black spot at apex beneath but not at base; abdomen conic ovate, the petiole 
 
 scarcely thrice as long as thick S. media. 
 
 Hind femora with a black spot at base and a black spot at apex ; abdomen fiisiformly pointed, the 
 petiole about twice as long as thick ; ? 'S'. cameroni. 
 
 52. Abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole about thrice as long as thick ; legs immaculate S. enochi. 
 
 53. Abdomen fusiformly produced, longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole very .short, wider 
 
 than long S. fusiformis. 
 
 54. Lateral mesothoracic lobes immaculate 60 
 
 Lateral mesothoracic lobes maculate, or with a black spot or line ; front face of pronotum usually with 
 
 a median black spot, variable in size, sometimes very minute but rarely entirely wanting. 
 
 Scutellum with a central black line or spot and also with a black line across the base or in the 
 
 basal suture ; sometimes with a large black spot at apex 55 
 
 Scutellum without a central black line or spot 59* 
 
 55. Hind coxse immaculate, except sometimes at apex 56 
 
 Hind coxfe with a black spot above toward base. 
 
 Hind femora with a black spot at apex S. femorata Fabr. 
 
 56. Hind tibise outwardly entirely yellow 58 
 
 Hind tibiiB outwardly more or less fuscous or black, not entirely yellow 57 
 
 57. Hind tibise black or fuscous with a broad yellow band before the middle ; hind femora with three 
 
 black spots S. urichi. 
 
 Hind tibise black or fuscous at the apical third, yellow basally ; hind femoi-a with a black spot at apex 
 beneath ; axillfe black ; scutellum with a large oval spot towards apex ; abdomen conic-ovate, the 
 petiole about five times as long as thick ; eyes very large, occupying the whole sides of the head. 
 
 S. axillaris. 
 
 58. Hind femora with a black .spot at apex 59 
 
 Hind femora immaculate. 
 
 Scutellum with a central black line, the apex yellow ; middle mesothoracic lobe with a trans- 
 verse black line anteriorly S. trilineata. 
 
 Scutellum without a central black line, the apex with a transverse black spot ; middle mesotho- 
 racic lobe with two triangular black spots anteriorly .S'. marshalli. 
 
 59. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a club-shaped central black .spot that is connected with a black line 
 
 across the anterior margin but not extending to the base of the scutellum ; lateral mesothoracic lobes 
 ' with a black line ; scutellum with a club-shaped median black spot that is connected with a trans- 
 verse line at base ; a minute spot in mesopleural furrow, the apex of hind coxse, a spot at apex of 
 
 hind femora and spots or bands on dorsum of abdomen, black ; ? S. morleyi. 
 
 59*. Some old species fall in here. 
 
 60. Middle mesothoracic lobe with a central black line ; scutellum with a black line across the base and 
 
 with the apex black, or with a slight median black line. 
 
 Metanotum without a central black line 61 
 
 Metanotum with a central black line. 
 
 Hind femora with a black spot at apex ; abdomen fusiformly pointed, the petiole about 
 four times as long as thick ; antennae, except the apical joints, eight to thirteen, yellow. 
 
 S. ajncalis. 
 
 6 1 . Hind femora immaculate 62 
 
 Hind femora maculate, a large black spot at apex and sometimes with a longitudinal black spot ; hind 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 427 
 
 femora armed with a large tooth, followed by eighteen small black teeth ; abdomen in ? fusiformly 
 pointed, the petiole at least thrice as long as thiek, in 7 long ovate, llie petiole at least four times as 
 
 long as thick S. tinilineala. 
 
 62. Hind coxse immaculate 63 
 
 Hind coxfB with a black stripe beneath. 
 
 Mesopleural furrow black ; abdomen conic-ovate, more or less banded with fuscous, the petiole 
 
 not thrice as long as thick ; legs, except as noted, yellow, immaculate S. lineoco.rdlis. 
 
 6'^. Some old species fall in here. 
 
 04. The two black lines on the anterior part of the middle mesothoracic lobe unite ;iii<l form a loop or a 
 
 delta-shaped mark, which is sometimes connected with the base of the .scutcllum liy a black line. 65 
 
 The two black lines on the anterior jiart of the middle mesothoracic lobe do not viiiitc to form a loop 
 
 or delta-shaped mark 73 
 
 05. Mesopleural spiracles surrounded by black 00 
 
 Mesopleural spiracles not surrounded by black 71 
 
 CO The black loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe is connected with the base of the scntellum by a 
 
 central black line 67 
 
 The black loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe is not connected with the base of the scutellum by a 
 central black line 71 
 
 07. Lateral mesothoracic lobes not margined with black along the inner margin, at the mo.st with a black 
 
 spot (iS 
 
 Lateral mesothoracic lobes margined with black along the inner niaigin. 
 
 Hind femora with a black spot on disk outwardly S'. cliajxtdenais. 
 
 08. Hind cox;c immaculate, except at extreme apex ; abdomen conic-ovate, fusiformly pointid or lanceo- 
 
 late 69 
 
 Hind coxse with a black spot above. 
 
 Abdomen short, globose S. brancensis. 
 
 69. Hind femora immaculate, or at most with a small spot at apex, the disk never maculate 70 
 
 Hind femora with a curved black spot across the disk and a small black spot at apex. 
 
 Abdomen conic-ovate »S'. vagabumla. 
 
 70. Abdomen fusiformly pointed or lanceolate, the petiole at least thrice as long as thick S. magrellii. 
 
 71. Lateral mesothoracic lobes with an abbreviated black line on the inner margin. 
 
 Hind femora immaculat'e or at most with a small black spot at apex 72 
 
 Hind femora with an oblong black spot on disk near the upper margin. 
 
 Hind coxa; immaculate S. van. 
 
 72. Hind coxa; with a small black spot above ; loop on the middle mesothoiacic lobe more or less incom- 
 
 plete, the lines interrupted on each side of the line fi'om the base of the .scutellum. .. .S. incomplcta 
 Hind coxce immaculate ; loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe complete S. pcrmmilis. 
 
 73. Scutellum with three triangular black spots at base and a triangular black spot at a]>ex S. fulleii. 
 
 74. Scutellum with three black spots at base, the apex with a black .spot or with a central black line. . 75 
 Scutellum with a transverse black line at base or with only two black spots 70 
 
 75. Lateral mesothoracic lobe with a black spot ; hind femora with a black spot at apex : abdomen fusi- 
 
 formly pointed, the petiole from two and one half to three limes as long as thick. 
 
 Hind coxae with a black spot at base above ; petiole of abdomen yellow ; i)ronotum with four 
 
 black spots 'S'. hotlandi- 
 
 Hind coxa; immaculate, or without a black spot at base above ; petiole (>l':ili(liinieu black ; pro- 
 
428 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 notum iinmaiulate S. corumbx. 
 
 70. Scutellum with a transverse black line at base, usually in the basal suture 77 
 
 Scutelluin with two black spots at base, connected with a black line in the basal suture ; a small black 
 spot at apex. 
 
 Lateral mesothoracic lobes with a black spot at apex ; abdomen i'usif'ormly pointed, the tip alone 
 black, the petiole only a little longer than thick ; ^ ;S'. deacripta Walker. 
 
 77. Hind femora with a small black spot at apex ; scutellum with a small triangular black spot at apex ; 
 
 abdomen conic-ovate, the petiole about twice as long as thick ; cf S. paraguayensia. 
 
 78. Thorax yellow, a puncture on each side of pronotum, a spot on the lateral mesothoracic lobes, two 
 
 .short lines on the middle lobe anteriorly and a spot posteriorly near the scutellum, a spot ou the 
 axilliE and a spot at apex of scutellum, black ; legs immaculate ; apical half of abdomen black, the 
 petiole nearly five times as long as thick ; (f .S'. dimidiata. 
 
 79. Thorax yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe wilh one or more black spots 80 
 
 Thorax yellow but with the middle mesothoracic lobe immaculate, the lateral lobes with a black spot. 
 
 81 
 
 80. Middle mesothoracic lobe with two black spots anteriorly ; apex of metathorax black ; legs yellow, the 
 
 extreme apex of hind coxee black, the hind femora with a small black spot at apex.-.iS. meridionalis. 
 
 Middle mesothoracic lobe with a small central black spot, the lateral lobes with a minute black spot ; 
 
 scutellum with a delicate median black line ; abdomen fusiform ; segments tw^o to six with fuscous 
 
 bands ; c? S. tripimclala. 
 
 81. Scutellum immaculate ; abdomen subglobose ; hind femora with two black spots S. bipunctata. 
 
 82. Abdomen in ? fusiformly pointed, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole not quite twice as 
 
 long as thick (in .^ three or more times longer than thick) >S'. jiava Fabricius. 
 
 Spilochalcis taks.\lis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; front orbits, face below the 
 insertion of the antennte, hind orbits, scape beneath, the hind margin of the prono- 
 tum, except mediall}^, a line on each side of the scutellum, the base and apex of 
 front tibise, all tarsi, and the jjetiole of the abdomen, yellow. Abdomen subgloljose, 
 polished black, except a reddish spot at base beneath. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis atrata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length about 7 mm. (Head lost.) Black, coarsely punctate; hind 
 margin of protonum, a spot on the hind angles of the parapsides, a line across the 
 base of the scutellum and the ridge at apex, and the front knees and tarsi, yellow, 
 the tarsal joints more or less dusky medially. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen in bad condition. 
 
 Spilochalci.s santaremenscs, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 to G mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; front and hind orbits, 
 scape, pronotum above, tegula% -apical half of scutellum, except the ridge at apex, 
 
ASHMKAD: CI,A88I|-I<ATI0X of the CIIALCID FLIES 429 
 
 the apical lialf or more of front and middle femora and their tilji^e and tarsi, a large 
 spot on upper outer angle of liind femora and the hind tarsi, yellow. Abdomen 
 ovate, the basal half yt'llowish, the apical half black ; the petiole is short, hardly 
 twice as long as thick. 
 
 Male. — Length 6 mm. Agrees well with the female, except the middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe is margined with yellow, the scutellum has two large yellow spots at 
 the sides, the front and middle legs, except the coxa3, are yellow, while the abdom- 
 inal petiole above is yellow and five or six times as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem ; Chapada, in August. One male and thi-ee female specimens. 
 
 SiMI.OCHALCIS EUF0DOR.S.\LIt5, .sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length *S' mm. INIostly red and almost smooth, the mesopleura, the 
 reticulated metathorax and the hind coxae, except at base beneath and at apex, 
 being black ; flagellum brown-black ; front and middle legs, tips of hind coxie, the 
 hind tarsi, and the petiole of the abdomen yellow. The abdomen is ovate, the 
 petiole hardly five times as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Spilociialcis laticep.s, sp. nov. / 
 
 Female. — Length 8.5 mm. Mostly red and feebly punctate, the sutures of thorax 
 dusky, the pronotum yellowish ; the scape, the front and middle legs, except the 
 thickened part of the front and middle femora and the middle tibite basally, and 
 the hind tarsi, are yellow ; hind legs reddish, the hind coxae with a dusky spot 
 above toward base. The abdomen is ovate, the petiole yellow and about thrice as 
 long as thick. The head is abnormal, seen from in front, about twice as wide as 
 long, the face being concave ; the eyes are large, rounded and occupy nearly tiie 
 whole sides of the head, the temples being flat, undeveloped. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 SPir.OCHALClS NIGROPETIOLATA, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Mostly red and faintly rugulosely ])unctate, the midtlle 
 mesothoracic lobe posteriorly and the petiole of the abdomen being black ; the 
 flagellum, except the first three joints beneath, is brown-black ; the front and middle 
 legs are yellowish ; the hind legs ai-e pale ferruginous ; while the body of the abdo- 
 men is pale ferruginous with a black spot on the disk above. 
 
 Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 SPILOC1IALC18 RUFOSCUTELLARI.S, sp. UOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 8 mm. Black, faintly punctate, the middle mesothoracic lobe 
 posteriorly, the lateral lobes and the scutellum red ; scape, tegula?, the front and 
 
430 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 middle legs and the long abdominal petiole, yellow ; hind legs, except the femora, 
 ferruginous, the femora black ; Ijody of abdomen black. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in November. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis flavobasalis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3 mm. Mostly red, the head, the pleura and the metanotum 
 black ; scape, front and middle legs, hind tarsi and basal half of abdomen, including 
 the petiole, pale yellowish ; hind legs, except tarsi, pale ferruginous, the femora 
 darker than the coxte. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis janeiroensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 ram. Black, punctate ; a line on hind orbits, a dot at sum- 
 rait of eyes, a short line on the front orbits, two approximate spots on the middle of 
 the pronotum posteriorly, the lateral margin of same and two dots before, two dots 
 on the middle mesothoracic lobe, three dots of the lateral lobes, and the lateral mar- 
 gins of the scutellum, yellow or yellowish-red ; knees, tips of tibiae and beneath, and 
 all tarsi, yellow ; hind legs mostly black, the hind femora with a minute spot above 
 and two irregular spots at apex, yellow ; hind tibiae yellow with a black ring near 
 the middle. The abdomen polished black except two yellowish-white spots on dor- 
 sum of the third segment. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro, in August. One specimen. This species is allied to S. 
 nigrita Howard, described from St. Vincent. 
 
 Spilochalcis flavoorbitalis, sp. uov. 
 
 Female. — Length 7.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; irregular marks on vertex, 
 the front and hind orbits, face below antennae, dorsum of pronotum, except a black 
 spot at sides, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot at the outer basal 
 apgle of the lateral lobes, the tegulfe, a spot in front and a spot beneath, two large, 
 oblique, nearly confluent spots at base of scutellum and the ridge at apex, two spots 
 on metathorax, the front and middle legs, except coxae, more or less of their femora 
 yellow ; the hind legs are mostly black, the coxae striped Avith yellow beneath and 
 aljove, the femora margined with yellow at base and above, and with a curved yel- 
 low mark outwardly, starting a little beyond the middle and extending to the apex ; 
 the hind tibite are yellowish outwardly from basal third. The abdomen above is 
 mostly black, banded with yellow, the petiole and the basal half of the second seg- 
 ment being yellow, the following dorsal segments more or less distinctly banded 
 with yellow basally. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCin FLIES 431 
 
 Spii.ochalcis peksimilis, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — r.ength G.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orliits, cheeks, pronotum, ex- 
 cept in front, spots on each side, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a line 
 on the outer margin of the lateral lobes, two large nearly confluent spots towards 
 apex of scutellum, metathorax, except at base above, tegular, a spot on mesopleura 
 at insertion of the hind wings, front and middle legs, except coxte, the petiole of ab- 
 domen and the basal half of the second abdominal segment, yellow. The hind legs 
 are broken off and cannot l)e described. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous spot or 
 cloud enclosing the apex of the stigmal vein ; veins dark brown. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 
 
 Sl'ILOCH.\LCIS UNIMACULATA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.5 mm. Black and yellow, punctate. Head yellow, the 
 occiput, a large spot on the forehead and the scrobes black ; thorax black, the pro- 
 notum above, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, the outer margins of 
 the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a central black spot, the axillae except a spot 
 at base, the tegulte, a spot beneath, spots on pleura above, and a transverse spot on 
 each side of the metathorax nearly confluent, yellow ; legs yellow, the hind coxae 
 with a black spot at base beneath and a black or fuscous streak or spot above ; the 
 hind femora on outer face are mostly yellow but with a black spot above towards 
 apex, a black streak beneath and a black spot beyond it at apex ; the inner face is 
 mostly black with a large yellow spot towards apex. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous 
 spot at apex of the stigmal vein. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 
 
 SriLOCHAI.flS PERPLEXA, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5 mm. Head yellow, the occiput, vertex and scrobes black; 
 thorax black marked with yellow, the pronotum yellow, the front face and a small 
 area on each side of dorsum black ; middle mesothoracic lobe mai-ginal with yellow, 
 the lateral lobes margined with yellow outwardly at base and along the inner margin 
 at base ; scutellum yellow, with a black central spot, the axilUe with a small black 
 spot at base ; pleura mostly 3'ellow with two black spots, the metathorax yellow 
 except a black spot at base ; legs yellow, the hind coxte with a black spot above 
 toward base, the femoral teeth small, black, the hind tibite with a black line beneath; 
 aljdomen conically pointed, a little longer than the head and thorax united, the 
 petiole yellow, a little more than thrice as long as thick, the body of abdomen red- 
 dish-yellow, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the first segment with a yellowish 
 spot at each side near base, the second and following segments marketl with velUnv 
 
432 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 at the sides and along the venter. Wings li^'aline, with a fuscous spot or cloud from 
 the apex of the stignial vein ; veins brownish. 
 Brazil : CJhapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis imitator, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5 mm. Stature and form of »S'. prrphxa, but differing in color 
 of thorax, hind legs and abdomen. The parapsidal sutures are black, the middle 
 mesothoracic lobe has a black line down the center, the lateral lobes are reddish, 
 broadly margined with yellow, the scutellum is yellow, with a large central black 
 spot, the hind coxse have only a faint trace of the black spot above, while the body 
 of the abdomen except the sheaths of the ovipositor, is entirely pale ferruginous, 
 without the yellow marks ; otherwise it is scarcely distinguishable from S. jjerplexa. 
 
 Brazil : ('hapada, in August. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis simillima, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5 mm. Stature and form as in the two previous species but 
 differing in color. Yellow, the occiput, the parapsidal furrows, the pronotal suture, 
 a short median line on the middle mesothoracic lobe posteriorly, and the sheaths 
 of the ovipositor, black ; the scutellum has a dark line down the center ; the hind 
 coxse, except at the extreme apex, are wholly yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis chapad.e, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length 3.8 mm. Yellow; legs and flagellura Ijruwn ; middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe anteriorly and the tip of the metathorax black or dusky, the hind 
 coxfe above reddish or ferruginous ; abdomen ferruginous, the body oblong oval, 
 with some fuscous or blackish stains or marks at sides toward apex, the petiole 
 longer than the metathorax. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud from the apex of 
 the stigmal vein. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 This may be the male of .S'. unitator. 
 
 Spilochalcis albqmaculata, sp. nov. 
 B'einale. — I^ength 7 mm. Head black, with the hind and front orbits, the 
 clypeus, the face, the mandibles, except teeth, and the scape, yellowish-white ; 
 thorax black, with the dorsum of pronotum, margins of the middle mesothoracic 
 lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, two large spots on scutellum, nearly 
 confluent at apex, and the depression on each side of the metathorax, yellowish- 
 white ; petiole of abdomen and front and middle legs, yellowish-white ; body of 
 
ASHMEAD: CLASSIiacATIOX OK TIIK CHAlA'II) Fl-IKS ^66 
 
 abdomen conic-ovate, the basal half pale ferruginous, the apical half black ; hind 
 legs mostly black, the hind coxic reddish at base aljove, the hind femora with three 
 large whitish spots, the til)iie black or brown-black, the tarsi white. 
 Brazil': Corumba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Sph.ochalci.s .f ANTAREMA, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Head mostly yellow, the occiput black, the vertex 
 brownish at the middle ; flagellum black ; thorax black beneath and at apex, the 
 pronotum yellow, the mesonotum reddish or reddish -brown, the lobes margined 
 with yellow, the middle lobe blackish down the center, the scutellum black mar- 
 gined with yellow ; body of abdomen ovate, ferruginous, the petiole yellow and 
 about thrice as long as thick, the sheaths of the ovipositor black ; the front and 
 middle legs are entirely yellow, the hind legs are mostly black, their femora with a 
 large yellow spot at the upper outer angle and a small spot beneath it, their tibia; 
 narrowly black or dark fuscous at base and at apical tliird, while the tarsi are yel- 
 low. Wings hyaline, the veins brown-black. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis ERYTHKOGASTEK, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orbits, face l»elow insertion 
 of antenntB, the dorsum of pronotum, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, 
 the lateral lobes outwardly, the tegulfe, two large spots on the scutellum, a spot en- 
 closing the metathoracic spiracles, the short abdominal petiole, and th'e front and 
 middle legs, yellow ; the hind legs are mostly black, the tarsi, a spot at base of coxiie 
 above and three spots on hind femora, yellow ; body of abdomen ovate, rufous, the 
 sheaths of the ovipositor black. Wings hyaline, the veins l)rown-black. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada and Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Spu-ochalcis flavoaxillaris, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 7.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orbits a A-shaped mark 
 on the face below the insertion of the antennae, the clypeus, the dorsum of the pro- 
 notum, except a line at the sides, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe, the 
 outer margins of the lateral loljes, a line acro.ss the base of the scutellum and the 
 axil he, yellow ; the al)domen, except the petiole, the base of the second segment, a 
 band at the base of the third and fourth segments which are black, is mostly yellow ; 
 the front and middle legs are yellowish and ferruginous marked with black, the 
 hind legs black and yellow; the hind coxa' are black with a small yellow spot at 
 apex and a yellow stripe above, the hind femora are yellow with a black line at 
 
434 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 base, the outer face with a triangular black spot on basal half and a curved black 
 line at apex ; the inner face has two large black bands or stripes. Wings hyaline, 
 with a yellowish tinge, the veins pale ferruginous. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis marginata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5 mm. Head, except the occiput and the scrobes which are 
 black, yellow ; flagellum lilack ; dorsum of pronotum, except a small black spot on 
 each side, the margins of the middle mesothoracic lobe and a small spot anteriorly, 
 the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a large central black 
 spot, the metathorax except a central black stripe, the tegulae, a spot beneath, and 
 the margins of the metapleura, yellow ; legs mostly yellowish-white, the hind coxte 
 with a large black spot above, the hind femora with three black spots on outer face, 
 a small spot above towards apex and a single spot on the inner face, black. Abdo- 
 men yellow, the dorsal segments banded with black. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis tuberculata, sp. uov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; eyes and flagellum brown ; lobes of meso- 
 thorax black margined with yellow ; a spot on scutellum at base, a spot on metano- 
 tum and the pleura black. The abdomen is conic-ovate, ferruginous, the petiole 
 yellow and about thrice as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with nine- 
 teen or twenty minute teeth beneath and have a black or brownish spot at apex. 
 The fVice is armed with a very long tubercle, which originates from the ridge be- 
 tween the insertion of the antennae. 
 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in January. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis bidentata, sp. uov. 
 
 Female. — Length G.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; orbits, the face below 
 the insertion of the antenna?, the scape beneath, the apex of flagellum, the pro- 
 thorax, except a spot on each side of the front face of the pronotum, the mar- 
 gins of the middle mesothoracic lobe at sides and base and the outer and basal 
 margins of the lateral lobes, a band all around the scutellum, the metathorax, and 
 the upper part of the mesopleura, yellow; legs mostly yellow, the hind legs marked 
 with black, the hind tibiae with a black annulus at base and another one near the 
 middle. The abdomen is yellowish or pale ferruginous, the dorsal segments, three 
 and beyond, more or less blackish or fuscous. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 435 
 
 Spilochalcis maculata, sp. nov. 
 
 Fcriiale. — Length 6.5 mm. IJlack, coarsely punctate ; orbits, a line connecting 
 the ocelli, face below antennte, cheeks, the scape, the dorsum of pronotum, except a 
 triangular black spot at basal lateral angles, the margins of the middle mesotho- 
 racic lobe, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a central 
 black line, the metathorax except a transverse line at base, the tegulte, a spot beneath, 
 the anterior margin of the mesopleura, a large spot on the side of the nietapleura 
 and the legs, except the hind femora, yellow ; the hind femora have a large black 
 spot toward base, a black spot at apex beneath, and a black spot above toward apex. 
 The abdomen is short ovate, banded with black, the i)etiole about four times as 
 long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : ("hapada, in Decembei-. One specimen. 
 
 BPILOCHAI.CI.S nKMPELI SJ1. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 8.5 mm. Head, except the occiput ami the scrobes, which are 
 black, yellow ; scape and apex of the flagellum yellow, the first five joints of the 
 funicle black ; prothorax, except the front face, the margins of the middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe, the lateral margins of the lateral lobes, the scutellum except a large 
 oblong, central black spot, the metathorax, except a narrow, central black line, the 
 sides of the thorax and the legs, except the minute black teeth on the hind femora 
 and a black stripe on the hind tibiae beneath, yellow. The abdomen is conically pro- 
 duced, longer than the head and thorax united, the eighth segment being sty liform, 
 the petiole very short transverse ; it is j^ellowish with dorsal segments three to six 
 more or less dusky or fuscous basally and appearing banded, when viewed from 
 above. 
 
 Male. — Length 5.4 mm. Differs from the female in the shape of the abdomen 
 which is long oval, the petiole being about four times as long as thick, the dorsal 
 segments not banded, while the hind femora have a large black spot on inner face 
 near the upper margin. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Named in honor of Mr. Ad()l|)h llempel. 
 
 Spii.ociiat.cis devia, pp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 6 mm. Yellow ; a spot on vertex extending on to the occiput, 
 and a line in the antennal depression, black ; flagellum brown at base but becoming 
 fulvous from the third joint ; thorax mostly yellow but marked with black as fol- 
 lows : The prothorax is yellow with a small black spot on each side above and a 
 large transverse black band on the front face or the declivitv ; the middle meso- 
 
436 MP:M0IKS of the CARNEfJIE MUSEUM 
 
 thoracic lobe is Itlack broadly niai-gined with yellow, the lateral lobes black marked 
 with yellow along the outer sides ; the scutellum is yellow with a large, triangular, 
 central black spot, and a transverse black line at base, dilated on the axilUe ; the 
 metathorax has a transverse black line at base. The abdomen is fusiform, pale fer- 
 ruginous, except the petiole, the dorsum with four or five brownish bands, the 
 sheaths of the ovipositor black ; the petiole is 3'ellow and about five times as long 
 as thick. The hind femora are armed with thirteen or fourteen black teeth, while 
 the hind tibite have a black s})ot on the outer face near the middle. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis nigropleuralib, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.3 mm. Lemon-yellow, marked with black as follows : The 
 occiput and a small spot in front of the lateral ocelli black ; flagellum black ; pro- 
 notura with a small spot on each side and a large median spot on the decliv- 
 ity or front face, black ; iiiesothorax black, the lobes margined with yellow, the 
 middle lobe also with a small yellow spot anteriorly ; scutellum yellow, with a 
 transverse line acro.ss the base, dilated on the axillee, and a wedge-shaped central 
 spot, black ; basal suture of metathorax, the pleural, except spots beneath the inser- 
 tion of the wings, black ; the body of the abdomen is short, subovate, the dorsal 
 segments two to seven medially more or le.ss black ; all the legs are yellow but 
 marked with black as follows : The hind coxie at apex, the trochanters, two large 
 spots on the outer and inner face of hind femora and the base of the hind tibiae, are 
 black. 
 
 Male. — Length 4 mm. Colored and marked nearly as in the female, except the 
 yellow spot on the middle niesothoracic lobe is greatly enlarged and divides the 
 black into two parts, while the pleurae, except the femoral furrow, are yellow. 
 
 ^Vest Indies : Trinidad ; Brazil : Chajjada. 
 
 Spilochalcis corumbicola, sp. uov. 
 
 MaU. — Length G mm. Lemon-yellow ; occiput, scrobes and the scape ahure, 
 black ; flagellum brown-black, fulvous beneath ; pronotum with a median spot on 
 the front face and a small spot on the dorsum opposite the parapsidal furrows, black ; 
 niesothoracic lobes black margined with yellow, the middle lobe also with a yellow 
 median spot ; scutellum with a transverse black line at base and a narrow black 
 line down the center ; hind femora with a small rounded spot on outer and inner 
 face and the minute teeth, about fourteen, black. The body of the abdomen is oval, 
 mostly ferruginous, the dorsal segments tinged with fuscous basally, while the petiole 
 is yellow and about twice as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : ( 'orumba, in April. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 437 
 
 SpILOCHALC'IS Miil.LERI, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Ftnude. — Length mm. Yellow, the occiput black, the black extending forward 
 on the vertex and enclosing the ocelli ; flagellum brown-black basally, the four or 
 five apical joints fulvous; mesothoracic lobes black broadly margined with yellow, 
 the black on the middle lobe witli usually a central yellow spot; scutellum with a 
 central black line and a black line across the base. The abdomen is elongate 
 lanceolate or fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, tlic eighth 
 segment long, styliform, the petiole very short, transver.-ii'. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Three specimens. 
 
 Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Fritz Miiller. 
 
 SPILOCHALC'IS HOWARDI, sp. llOV. 
 
 luiiiolc. — Length 7 mm. Yellow ; the occiput, scrobes, a broad median line ex- 
 tending from the insertion of the antennaj forwards to the mandibles, the 3-dentate 
 mandibles, the antennae, a median band on the middle mesothoracic lobe widened 
 anteriorly, a large spot on the lateral lol)es, a central line on the scutellum, the 
 femoral furrow on the mesopleura and anteriorly, the lower part of metapleura, the 
 depression on each side of the metanotum, spots on front and middle coxfc, a large 
 spot on the hind coxte at base beneath, their apices, the abdominal petiole and bands 
 on the dorsal abdominal segments, black. The body of the abdomen is fusiformly 
 pointed, blackish at apex, the about three times as long as thick. The hind fenioi'a 
 are armed with about twenty small teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in November. One specimen. 
 
 Named in honor of Dr. L. O. Howard. 
 
 Spilochalcis insularis, sp. UOV. 
 
 M<i!(. — r.,cngth 5 mm. Yellow ; a spot on occiput, a median spot on the front 
 face of the pronotum, the sutvu'es of the mesothoracic lobes, a line down the center 
 of the middle lobe, a spot on the lateral loljes, a central line on the scutellum, a 
 median line on the metanotum, the front margin of the mesopleura, a stripe on hind 
 coxse beneath and above, and three or four bands on the dorsal abdominal segments, 
 black. The hind femora are armed with aliout twenty minute, black teeth. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 Sr-ILOCHALCIS trinidadenbis, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 9 mm. Yellow ; a spot on the occiput, the sci-obos, the an- 
 tenna), except the scape beneath, a median line on front face of the pronotum, the 
 sutures of the mesothoracic lobes, a central line on the middle lobe, a large spot on 
 
438 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 the lateral lobes, a central line on the scutellum, a median line on the metathorax, a 
 spot on the mesosternum anteriorly, the femoral furrow on the mesopleura, a stripe 
 on the hind coxre above, and six bands on dorsum of abdomen, black. The abdo- 
 men is fusiformly pointed, a little longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole 
 short, not longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with from twenty to 
 twenty-two minute teeth. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis incongrua, sp. uov. 
 
 Male. — Length 6 mm. Yellow, with black markings very nearly as in S. 
 trinidadensis but with the following differences: The metathorax is ivithotit the 
 median black line, the antennae are wholly yellow, except the flagellum above, the 
 hind coxse have a small black spot above, while their extreme apices, including the 
 first joint of the trochanters, are black ; the hind femora have two black spots on 
 outer face, one near the middle, the other at the apex and are armed with sixteen 
 to seventeen small, Ijlack teeth ; the hind tibite are entirely yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis mayei, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 mm. Yellow ; occiput with a transverse black spot ; flagel- 
 lum brown-black ; a small median spot on front face of pronotum, the parapsidal 
 furrows, a transverse line on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe 
 and a longitudinal line down the center, a small spot on each lateral lobe, a median 
 line on the scutellum, a line in the mesopleural furrow and a spot on the hind coxte 
 above black. 
 
 The abdomen is long, lanceolate, about twice as long as the head and thorax 
 united, the petiole very short transverse, the dorsal segments more or less banded 
 with fuscous, the terminal segment styliform. The hind femora are armed with one 
 large tooth, followed by fourteen or fifteen minute teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis timida, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow, with the black markings much as in S. in- 
 congrua but with the following differences : The flagellum is wholly black, the hind 
 coxtB have the apices alone black, the hind femora have two black spots and 
 are armed with about seventeen small black teeth, while the hind tibife are black 
 at base. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, in April. 
 
ASHMEAD ; CLASSIFIPATION OF THE CHALflD FLIES 430 
 
 SPILOCHAI.riS HIANNULATA. Sp. IloV. 
 
 Fcmdlc. — Length 5.5 ram. Yellow, with the l)liirk markings much as in S. 
 ////(/"Jr/, but differing as follows: Tiie blaek lines on the middle mesothoracic lobe 
 form an anchor-shaped mark ^, the scutellum has an acute wedge-shaped black 
 spot at apex, the hind femora have a large, irregular, black spot at basal third and 
 a small black spot at apex below, while the hind tibiic have two black rings, one at 
 base, the other near the middle. The abdominal petiole is rather slender and four 
 or more times longer than thick, the body of abdomen being ovate, black at apex 
 and with some fuscous stains on the dorsal segments. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 SPILOf'HAI.CIS MEIJIUW, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow, with black markings much as S. timida, but 
 differing as follows : The black central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe is only 
 slightly dilated, the spots on the lateral lobes are smaller, nearly round and do not 
 touch the parapsidal furrow as in S. timida, the hind femora have only a small black 
 spot at apex and are armed with seventeen or eighteen minute black teeth, while 
 the body of the abdomen is conic-ovate, black at tip, the petiole not slender, about 
 thrice- as long as tliick. 
 
 Brazil : Coruinba, in March. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis cameroni, sp. UOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.5 mm. Yellow, with the black markings much as in *S'. 
 me(liK.<<, only the middle mesothoracic lobe has besides the median black line two 
 other lines anteriorly, between the parapsidal furrows and the median line, that 
 extend to the middle of the lobe ; the hind femora have a black spot at base and a 
 black spot at apex and are armed with about sixteen small black teeth ; Avhile the 
 abdomen is conically pointed, blackish at apex, the dorsal segments stained with 
 fuscous near the sutures, the petiole being about twice as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de .Janeiro. One specimen. 
 
 SPH.dCIIAl.CIS ENOCKI. Sp. IKlV. 
 
 Female.— \.engt\\ 5.75 mm. Yellow, with black mai-kings as follows : The 
 sutures of the mesonotum, a central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe, an oblong 
 spot on the lateral lobes, a central line on the scutellum, a stripe on front margin of 
 the mesosternum and a spot or line in the mesopleural furrow, are black ; legs im- 
 maculate, the hind femora armed with about seventeen minute teeth, the teeth 
 tipped with black; al)domen fusiformly pointed, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, 
 
440 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 the dorsal segments more or less stained with fuscous, the petiole lieing about twice 
 as long as thick. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 Named in honor of Mr. Frederick Enock. 
 
 Spilochalcis fusifokmis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 6.5 mm. Yellow, with black markings as follows : The parap- 
 sidal furrows, the suture at base of the scutellum, a median line on the scutellum, 
 a central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe and two additional short lines ante- 
 riorly, one on each side of the central line, that extend to nearly half the length of 
 the lobe, and a spot at base of the metanotum, black ; flagellum brown-black above. 
 The abdomen is elongate, fusiform, or lanceolate, as seen from the side, and longer 
 than the head and the thorax united ; the sheaths of the ovipositor alone being 
 black ; the petiole is very short, wider than long. The legs are immaculate, the 
 hind femora being armed with about seventeen small black or black-tipped teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Porto Branca. One specimen. 
 
 Spiloch.\lcis urichi, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length 4 mm. Yellow marked with black as follows : The occiput, a 
 central line on the middle mesothoracic lobe that is connected with a transverse line 
 along the front margin, a large oblong spot on the lateral lobes, a line across the 
 base of the scutellum and a wedge-shaped spot at apex, a spot in the mesopleural 
 furrow, apex of hind coxse, the base of hind femora, an oblong spot on disk of outer 
 face and a spot at apex, and the hind tibiae, except a broad yellow annulus, black. 
 
 The hind femora are armed with about twenty-five minute black teeth. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 Named in honor of Mr. F. W. Urich. 
 
 Spilochalcis axillaris, sp. nov. 
 Fi III ulr.— Length 4 mm. Yellow marked with black as follows : The occiput, a 
 spot on front face of pronotum, a broad central black line on the middle mesothora- 
 cic lobe, not quite extending to the anterior mai-gin, a small spot on each side of 
 this line anteriorly, a large oblong spot on the lateral l»)bes, a large spot at apex of 
 the scutellum, the sutures at base and the axillfe, a spot at base of metathorax, a 
 line in the mesopleural furrow, the apex of the hind cox;e, a spot at apex of hind 
 femora, the apical third of hind tibite and some spots on the dorsum of abdomen, 
 black. 
 
ASIIMKAD: classification of the CHAU'II) fi.iks 111 
 
 The flagelluin is black or brown-black, the scape and pedicel being yellow. The 
 abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being abont live times as long as thick. The 
 hind femora are armed with seventeen small teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 SiMI.OCHALCIS TRII.INEATA, s]). llliv. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 mm. Yellow ; a short line on the middle of the occiput, a 
 
 large spot on the front fixce of the pronotum, a central line on the middle mesotho- 
 
 racic lobe connected with a transverse line anteriorly, an alibreviated line on the 
 
 inner margins of the lateral lobes, a median line on the scutellum, and a line across 
 
 the base, black. The hind femora are armed with seventeen or eighteen minute 
 
 teeth. The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being more than five times as long 
 
 as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Spilochalcis marshalli, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 6.5-7 mm. Yellow; a line on s(!ai)e above, the tiagellnm, a 
 transverse spot at apex of the scutellum and a -transverse line across the base, an 
 abbi'eviated line along the inner margin of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, a 
 median line the entire length of the middle lobe, and two triangular spots on the 
 anterior margin (one on each side of the median line), black. The abdomen is fusi- 
 form, the middle dorsal segments more or less blackish, or stained with fuscous, the 
 base and apex, except the sheaths of the ovipositor, always yellow, the petiole being 
 about twice as long as thick. The legs are immaculate, the hind femora armed 
 with one large tooth, followed by al)out fifteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Male. — Length, 4-4.5 mm. Agrees in color with the female, but the body of 
 the abdomen is long ovate, the petiole being a little more than three times as long 
 as thick, while the basal tooth of the hind femora is followed by eighteen or nine- 
 teen minute black teeth. 
 
 West Indies: Trinidad. One female and three male specimens. 
 
 Named in honor of Rev. T. A. Marshall. 
 
 Spilochalcis morleyi, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5 mm. Yellow ; a line on scape above towards the apex, the 
 flagellum, a clavate, central spot on the scutellum connected with a transverse line 
 at base, a line along the inner margins of the lateral mesothoracic lobes, a clavate 
 median line on the middle lobe that is connected with a transverse line anteriorly, 
 a small spot in the mesopleural furrow, the apex of hind coxie, a spot at apex of 
 hind femora, and two or three bands on the dorsum of the alidomen, black. The 
 abdomen is short ovate, or subglobose, the petiole being a little more than three 
 
442 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with seventeen or eighteen 
 minute teeth. 
 
 Brazil: Bahia. Taken by Mr. Albert Koebele, March 19, 1883. Named in 
 honor of Mr. Claude Morley. 
 
 Spilochalcis apicalis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; the apical half of the Hagellum, a spot on the 
 occiput, a spot on front face of the pronotum, a transverse spot at apex and a trans- 
 verse line at base of scutellum, a median line the entire length of the middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe, a central black spot on the metathorax, the extreme tips of hind coxa3 ; 
 and a spot at apex of hind femora, black. The abdomen is conic-ovate, the sheaths 
 of ovipositor black, the petiole being at least three times as long as thick. The hind 
 femora are armed with one large acute tooth, followed Ijy twelve minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro. One specimen. 
 
 Spiluchalcis unilineata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 6.5 to 7 mm. Yellow ; the flagellum, a small spot on the oc- 
 ciput, a dot on front face of pronotum, a central line on the middle mesothoracic 
 lobe, a transverse line at base of scutellum and a transverse spot at apex, and a spot 
 at apex of hind femora, black. The abdomen is fusiformly pointed, longer than the 
 head and thorax united, the apex and the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole 
 being more than three times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with one 
 large tooth, followed by about eighteen minute black teeth. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 Spilochalcis lineocoxalis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; the occiput in part, a line along the malar 
 suture, teeth of mandibles, the flagellum above, a short line on the front face of the 
 pronotum, a small spot at the apex of the scutellum, a longitudinal median line 
 anteriorly and a transverse line at base, a median longitudinal line on the middle 
 mesothoracic lobe and a line across the anterior margin, a line between the pro- and 
 mesosternum, the mesopleural furrow, the metasternum, a stripe on hind coxpe be- 
 neath and bands on the dorsum of the abdomen, black. The abdomen is fusiform, 
 the petiole about, or nearly, three times as long as thick. The hind femora are 
 armed with, a moderatel}'^ large tooth followed by about twelve minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Coruniba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Hpii.ochalcis fulleki, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 7 mm. Yellow; a transverse spot on occiput, the flagellum, a 
 triangular spot at apex of scutelhim and three triangular s|)ots at base, an oblong 
 
ASIIMEAI) : CLASSIKirATION OV THK CIIAI.CII) FLIFS 443 
 
 spot on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax, two lines on the middle lobe anteriorly 
 for about two thirds its length, a spot at apex of hind coxte aborr, a spot at apex of 
 hind femora and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black. The abdomen is fusiform, 
 longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole being only twice as long as 
 thick. The hind femora are armed with one large tooth, followed by about sixteen 
 minute black teeth. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. One specimen. 
 
 Named in honor of Mr. Claude Fuller. 
 
 Spilochalcis corumhensis, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 9 mm. Yellow ; the occiput, the flagellum, a minute dot 
 towards apex of the scutellum, the suture across its base, a spot on the lateral lobes 
 of the mesothorax, a loop on the middle lobe anteriorly, a small spot in the me.so- 
 pleural furrow, and the extreme apex of hind coxae, black. 
 
 The abdomen is fusiformly pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, 
 the petiole very short, transver^^e. The hind femora are armed with fourteen or 
 fifteen minute teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis chapad^e, .sj). nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.3 mm. Yellow; the occiput, scrobes, flagellum, a median 
 longitudinal line on scutellum and the suture at base, a broad line along the inner 
 margins of the lateral mesothoracic lobes, a loop connected with a short median line 
 from the base of the scutellum, on the middle lobe, the mesopleural furrow, the 
 apex of the hind coxse, a small oblong spot on disk of the outer face of the hind 
 femora and a spot at apex, and most of the body of the abdomen, black. 
 
 The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole at least thrice as long as thick. The 
 hind femora are armed with fourteen or fifteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis brancensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 6 mm. Colored and marked very nearly as in ^S. chapadu', ex- 
 cept that the black spots on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax are shorter, the .scu- 
 tellum has a wedge-shaped black spot at the middle, the hind coxa3 have a rounded 
 spot above, while the hind femora have two black spots. 
 
 Structurally, however, there is no resemblance : The head in front is deeply 
 semicircularly emarginate for the reception of the antennse ; theiintennte are sepa- 
 rated at base by a sharp carina or spine ; the hind coxa^ are not nearly so long ; the 
 
444 MEMOIRS OP THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 hind femora are armed with sixteen or seventeen small Ijlack teeth ; while the 
 ahdomen is subglobose, the dorsal, segments stained with black or piceous, the petiole 
 al)Out three times as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Porto Branca. One specimen. 
 
 Spii.ochalcis VAGABUNDA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 7.5 mm. Yellow, the head and thorax marked with black as 
 in S. brancensis but structurally it is quite different : The head is broader, not 
 deeply semicircularly emarginate in front ; the abdomen is conically pointed, longer 
 than the head and thorax united, the sheaths of the ovipositor black, the petiole 
 short, not longer than thick ; some of the dorsal segments are more or less banded 
 with brown or black ; the hind coxje have a black spot at apex, their femora have 
 a black line at base and along the lower or serrate edge, the same being connected 
 with an arcuate black mark on the outer face and a spot at apex. The hind femora 
 are armed with about eighteen minute black teetli. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 SPILOCHAiCIS LANCEOLATA, sp. llOV. 
 
 FeriutJe. — Length 5.5 mm. Colored and marked with black much as in *S'. rag- 
 
 abunda, except that the pleura are immaculate, the hind femora have a black spot 
 
 only at apex and are armed with only fourteen minute black teeth. It also differs 
 
 decidedly in the shape of the abdomen, which is long, lanceolate, the petiole being 
 
 much longer, at least three times as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Spilochalcis vau, sp. uov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5 mm. Yellow ; a spot on the occiput, a V-shaped mark on 
 the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, not connected with a black line posteriori}', 
 a spcjt on each lateral lobe, a line across the base of the scutellum and an abbrevi- 
 ated longitudinal line on the disk, a line in the mesopleural furrow, an oblong mark 
 on the outer face of the hind femora, the abdominal petiole, and bands on dorsal 
 segments of the abdomen, black ; scape and pedicel wholly yellow (flagellum broken 
 off). The abdomen is ovate, the petiole being long, about six times as long as thick. 
 The hind femora are armed with about fifteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis incompleta, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 6.0 mm. Yellow: marked with black as in S. van, only the 
 loop on the middle mesothoracic lobe is open posteriorly and there is a l>lack line 
 extending from it to tlu' base of the scutellum, the scape has a black line ahoir, the 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHAIX'Il) FLIES 445 
 
 flagellum being wholly black, the hind coxje have a small black spot near the mid- 
 dle above, the hind femora have a minute spot on the middle of the disk and a V>lack 
 spot at base and apex. 
 
 The abdomen is conically pointed, longer than the head and thorax uniteil, the 
 sheaths of the ovij^ositor and a slender band at base of dorsal segments 3 to 7, black ; 
 the petiole is hardly longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with one mod- 
 erate sized tooth, followed by about eighteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : (Jorumba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis rERSiMiLis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; the thorax marked with black as in previous 
 species, except that the loop is complete, not interrupted before uniting with the 
 median black line posteriorly ; the hind coxne and femora are immaculate. 
 
 The abdomen is conic-ovate, not so long nor so pointed as in previous species, the 
 dorsal segments four to seven brownish or blackish, the petiole being three times as 
 long as thick. The hind femora are armed with about fifteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, in April. One specimen. 
 
 SriI.OCHALCIS HOLLANDI, Sp. lUIV. 
 
 Female. — Length 0.5 nun. Yellow ; the occiput, a line on the scrobes enclosing 
 the front ocellus, a line on the scape above, the flagellum, two median lines on the 
 front face of the pronotum and a line on each side of the dorsum, two broad lines 
 on the middle mesothoracic lobe anteriorly, a spot on the lateral lobes, three trian- 
 gular spots at base of scutellum, the middle one being connected with a central line 
 that extends to and terminates in a spot at the apex of the scutellum, a large 
 rounded spot at base of hind coxse above, the apex of hind coxae, a spot at apex of 
 hind femora, the extreme base of hind tibite and an annulus at the middle, all 
 black. 
 
 The abdomen is conically produced, longer than the head and thorax united, 
 the petiole only about twice as long as thick. The hind fenioni are armed with one 
 large tooth, followed by about eighteen minute teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Named in honor of Dr. W. J. Holland. 
 
 Spilochalcis CORUMB.E, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 7.5 to 8 mm. Yellow, marked with black as in S. hoUandi ex- 
 cept that the spots at base and apex of scutellum are not connected by a central 
 Idack line, the hind coXcT? being without the spot at base above, while the apical seg- 
 
446 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 ment of the abdomen is wholly black, the petiole being hardly longer than thick- 
 The hind femora are armed with one large tooth followed by fifteen or sixteen 
 minute black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba ; Porto Branca ; West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 Spilochalcls paeaguayensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length 6 mm. Yellow, marked with black as in *S'. coramhvc, except that 
 the scutellum has a slender black line across the base and a triangular spot at apex ; 
 the hind coxfe have the apex black ; the hind femora have black spot at apex as in 
 S. coramhcT, but a large tooth is followed by seventeen or eighteen minute black 
 teeth. The abdomen is fusiform, the petiole being three times as long as thick. 
 
 Paraguay : Villeta. One specimen. 
 
 f^PILoCHAI.CIS DIMIDIATA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Male. — Length 4.5 mm. Yellow; a spot on occiput, the ocelli, a small spot on 
 each side of the dorsum of the pronotum, a quadrate spot at the base of the middle 
 mesothoracic lobe, just in front of the scutellum, and two short longitudinal lines 
 anteriorly, a spot on the lateral lobes, a triangular spot at apex of the scutellum, and 
 the apical half of the abdomen, black. The body of the abdomen is ovate, the 
 petiole being long, a little more than four times longer than thick. The hind fem- 
 ora are armed with sixteen or seventeen minute, black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in October. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis meeidionalis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Y^ellow ; the occiput, the flagellum, two triangular 
 spots on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a faint dot on the 
 lateral lobes, the axillfe and a spot at base of scutellum, a median line on the meta- 
 notum and its apex, the extreme apex of hind coxse, a spot at apex of hind fem- 
 ora, and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black. 
 
 The abdomen is conic-ovate, the petiole being a little moi-e than three times as 
 long as thick ; the dorsal segments are more or less stained with brown or fuscous. 
 
 The hind femora are armed with one large acute tooth, followed by thirteen or 
 fourteen smaller teeth, those near the apex being very minute. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. One specimen. 
 
 Spilochalcis teipunctata, sj). nov. 
 Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Yellow ; a spot on the occiput, the flagellum above, the 
 sutures surrounding the middle mesothoracic lobe, a minute spot on the disk of 
 the lateral loljes, an elongate spot on the middle of the middle lobe, a delicate longi- 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFFCATION OK THE rHALCID FLIES 447 
 
 tudinal line down the center of the scutellum, a Hne in the mesopleural furrow, and 
 a spot on the outer face of hind coxae, near the middle, black. 
 
 The abdomen is conic-ovate, the dorsal segments narrowly banded with brown 
 at base, the petiole hardly more than twice longer than thick. The hind femora 
 are armed with about fourteen minute black teeth. 
 
 Type— Cixi. No. 7317 U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Bonito Prov. Bernarabuco (Mr. Albert Koel)ele). 
 
 Spilochalcls bipunctata, sp. nov. 
 
 FeiiuiJc. — Length 5.5 mm. Yellow; immaculate, except two black spots on the 
 mesothorax (a spot on each lateral lobe) and two spots on the hind femora ; flagel- 
 Inm brown. The abdomen is subglobose, the petiole short, hardly as long as wide. 
 The hind femora ai'e armed with ten or eleven small teeth. 
 
 r^jH'.— Cat. No. 7318 U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Bonito Prov. Pernambuco (Mr. Albert Koebele). 
 
 XANTHOMELANUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 In this genus the nietathorax is quadridentate posteriorly, two tcfth on each 
 side of the petiole ; the plate at apex of the scutellum is emarginate or l)identate, 
 while the hind femora are armed with several large teeth. 
 
 XANTHOMELANUS DIMIDIATU8 (Fabricius). 
 
 (Plate XXXI., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Chalcis dimiJaia Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 160. — Dalla Torre, ('at. llym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 387. 
 Conura dimidiata Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 18G5, pp. 300, 390, 9. 
 Sniicra dimidiata Cresson, Trans. Am. P^nt. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 5(5, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 Siniera melanopteraWaiker, Journ. Entom., 1., 1861, p. 180, c?. — Dalla Torre, ("at. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 379. 
 Brazil: Venezuela; West Indies: Trinidad. 
 
 MELAXOSMICRA Ashuicad, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus in having the metathorax quadridentate agrees with Xanthumelanus 
 but otherwise it is quite distinct. The scutellum is normal, unarmed ; the antenna? 
 are long, the scape reaching beyond the ocelli ; while in its abdominal charactei-s it 
 shows some affinity with Ceratosraicra, only the petiole is not so long as in typical 
 species. The black color of the head and thorax is characteristic. 
 
448 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Melanosmicra clavata (Fabricius). 
 
 Chalets dai'uta Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 387. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Melanosmicea immacul.\ta, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length 5 mm. Head and thorax entirely black ; scape of antennae, the 
 front and middle legs, the hind tarsi, and the long abdominal petiole, j^ellow ; body 
 of abdomen red ; flagellum fihform, brown-black ; while the hind legs, except the 
 tarsi, are pale ferruginous. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in December. 
 
 Genus THAUMAPUS Kirby. 
 Thaumapus decoeus (Walker). 
 
 Smiera decora Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 3, 1871, p. 54, J'. 
 
 Thaumapus decorus Kirby, Journ. Linn. 8oc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 56. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Thaumapus masus (Walker). 
 
 Smiera masus Walker, The Entom., I., 1841, p. 134, 9 d". 
 
 Thmiriuqms rnastis Kirby, Journ. Linn. Hoc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 56. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Thaumapus walkeri Kirby. 
 Thaumapus walkeri Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 74, c?- 
 
 —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
 ? Smiera luteijiennis Walker, J ouvn. Entom., I., 1861, p. 173, 9. 
 Brazil : St. Paulo (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Thaumapus acuminatus, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 9 mm. Reddish-yellow ; a line on the scape above, the flagel- 
 lum, a triangular spot at apex of the scutellum and a transverse line at base, a spot 
 on the lateral mesothoracic lobes, a curved line anteriorly on the middle lobe, 
 interrupted medially, the extreme apex of the hind coxie, the large femoral teeth, 
 and some spots on the dorsum of the abdomen, black. The abdomen is long, lan- 
 ceolate and ends in a long stylus. The hind femora are armed with six large teeth, 
 the last tooth very large and tricus})i(lated. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 449 
 
 Genus EPIN^US Kiiby. 
 EpiNiEUS DUX (Walker). 
 
 Smiera dux Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 173, 9. 
 
 Epinseus dux Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XV'^IL, 18S3, p. 58. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 395. 
 Brazil : Para (Bates). 
 
 ENNEASMICRA Ashmead, geu. nov. 
 
 In this genus the hind femora are armed with nine moderately large teeth and 
 the scutellum is usually bidentate or emarginate at apex, rarely normal. 
 
 Enneasmicr.\ exinaniens (Walker). 
 
 Smiera exinaniens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1861, p. 198, 9. 
 Smiera exinaniens Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 377. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Enneasmicra corumbensis, sj). nov. 
 
 Feinale. — Length 6.5 mm. Yellow ; a spot on the occiput, a small dot on the 
 middle of the front face of the pronotum, an oblong spot on the inner margin of the 
 lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, two long triangular spots on the middle lobe 
 anteriorly and a median line posteriorly, a spot at apex of the scutellum which is 
 connected with a central line, the mesopleural furrow, a small spot on the hind coxie 
 near the base, and three spots on the hind femora, black. The abdomen is conic- 
 ovate, the body brownish or fuscous above, the petiole hardly twice as long as thick 
 and yellow. The hind femora are armed with nine large, black teeth, the last 
 two more or less united at base. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba in April. One specimen. 
 
 Enne.vsmior.\ incerta, sp. nov. 
 
 M(de. — Length 7 mm. Reddish golden brown ; the dagellum, a large median 
 spot on the front face of the pronotum, a transverse spot at apex of the scutellum 
 and a transverse line at l)ase, both being connected by a central line, a spot on the 
 lateral mesothoracic lobes, a large triangular spot extending from tlie anterior mar- 
 gin of the middle lobe, and a spot at the apex of the metanotum, black. The 
 abdomen is oblong-oval, the petiole a little more than three times as long as thick, 
 the doi-sal segments tinged with brown. The hind femora are about thrice as long 
 as wide and armed with nine large, black teeth. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, in May. One specimen. 
 
450 MEMOIRS OK THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Genus PROTOCERAS Kirby. 
 Protoceras caudatus (Guerin). 
 
 Chalcis caudatus Guerin, Iconogr. regn. anim., VII., Insect, 1845, p. 412; T. 6, f. 6. 
 Protoceras caudatus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 60. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 370. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Protocera.s leuc'otelus (Walker). 
 
 Smicra leucotelus Walker, .Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 181, 9. 
 
 Protoceras leucotelus Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVII., 1883, p. 60. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 370. 
 Brazil. 
 
 OCTOSMICRA Ashraead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus comes near Protoceras Kirby, agreeing with it in having the hind 
 femora armed with eight large teeth, but differs in having the parapsidal furrows 
 distinct, entire ; the plate at the apex of the scutellum is eraarginate or bidentate, 
 while the abdomen, in the female, is lanceolate or conically produced, the eighth 
 segment usually long or styliform. 
 
 OCTOSMICRA ATTALICA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera attalica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 193, d". 
 Smicra attalica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil. 
 
 OCTOSMICRA CORRECTA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera correcfa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 191, 9. 
 Smicra correcfa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil. 
 
 ? OCTOSMICRA REFERATOR (Walker). 
 
 Smiera referator ^\'alker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 347, 9. 
 Smicra referaior Dalla Torre, ("at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 Brazil. 
 
 OCTOSMICRA NIGROACMULATA, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length S mm. Yellowish-red ; the scrobes, a dot on face, a dot on the 
 clypeus, the teeth of mandibles, a spot on middle of the pronotum anteriorly, a large 
 triangular spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe, a spot on each lateral lobe, a trans- 
 verse spot at base of the scutellum, another near the apex, a spot at base of the 
 metanotum connected with a median line, a line along the front margin of the 
 mesopleura, the femoral furrow, and the flagellum, black. The triangular black 
 spot on the middle mesothoracic lobe is interrupted by a reddish spot anteriorl3^ 
 Wings hyaline, the veins testaceous. The hind femora are armed with eight teeth. 
 
ASHMKAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THR CIIALCIH FLIES 451 
 
 the teeth tipped with hlack : the first or hasal tootli is long, acute, the following 
 triangular, ahout et[ual in size. 
 
 Brazil: ( "Iiapada, in May. One specimen. 
 
 OCTOSMICRA TRIMACULATA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 10 mm. Yellowish-red, with a spot on each lateral lobe of meso- 
 notum and at the apex of the scutellum, black. The body of the abdomen is coni- 
 cally pointed, the terminal segment styliform, the sheaths of the ovipositor at apex 
 and the ovipositor, black ; the doi'sal segments are stained with brown or blackish 
 marks. The femoral furrow of the mesopleura has a black spot low down, but 
 otherwise, except as noted, the thorax is immaculate. The hind femora are as in 
 0. nigroDiacnlafa, except that the teeth, after the first, are not nearly equal in size, 
 the second tooth being small, the eighth tridentate at apex or tricuspidated, so that 
 the femora appear as if ten-dentate. 
 
 Brazil : ( 'orumba in ^iay. One specimen. 
 
 HEPTASMICRA Ashmeaci, gen. iiov. 
 
 The hind femoi-a in this genus are armed with seven large teeth, the second 
 usually reduced in size and sometimes tricuspidate : the abdomen is fusiform or 
 conically produced, rarely ending in a stylus ; while the mandibles in the female are 
 bidentate, in the male tridentate. 
 
 HEPTASMICRA ADSCITA (Walker). 
 
 Smier a adscita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 193, 9. 
 Smicra adscita Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil. 
 
 HEPTASMICRA CAPTIVA (Smith). 
 
 Smiera capfiva Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 42, 9. 
 Smiera adajdata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 1S64, p. 190, — . 
 Sinicm. captiva Marshall, Ann. Soc. ent. France, LXL, 1892, p. 70; PI. 4, f 1. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V„ 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil: Maruru, in April; Venezuela: Corozal. 
 
 HEPTASMICRA CHYSOMERA (Walker). 
 Smkm vin/mmcra Walker, Journ. Ent., I., ISCl, p. 182, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil : St. Paul (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Hept.vsmicra obliterata (Walker). 
 Sviicni oh/ilcnitd Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 175, 9 d". 
 Siiilcra ohitrruta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., \'., 1898, p. 380. 
 
452 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Brazil : Santarem ; Chapada ; ( "oniiBba ; Rio de Janeiro. 
 Heptasmicra persimilis, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 11 mm. Reddish-yellow, with black marks as in H. linentl- 
 coxw, except that the black on the middle mesothoracic lobe is interrupted by a 
 reddish-3'ellow spot anteriorly, the hind coxte being immaculate, while the dorsal 
 abdominal segments are banded with black. 
 
 The body of the abdomen is much larger and longer than in H. Ihtcatlco.ris, the 
 petiole being about five times as long as thick. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Heptasmicra affinis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 9.2 mm. Colored as in H. lineaiico.ci.'i, except the back of the 
 head, the forehead and the scrobes are wholly black ; the hind coxse have two black 
 stripes instead of one ; the hind femora have a black band at base, along the lower 
 margin, besides a spot on the inner face ; while the hind tibife, except at the basal 
 third, are black. 
 
 The abdomen is totally different in shape ; it is lanceolate, much longer than 
 the head and thorax united, with a ver}- short petiole, wliich is wider than long ; 
 the dorsal segments are banded with black. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Heptasmicra longicaudata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 8.5 mm. Colored as in H. lineaticrxris, except that the hind 
 coxa3 are immaculate except at extreme apex above, while the hind tibiae are black 
 or dark fuscous, with a yellowish annulus before the middle. 
 
 The abdomen is long, lanceolate and terminates in a long, compressed stylus, as 
 long as the previous segments united ; the petiole is very short, wider than long. 
 
 Brazil: Maruru, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Heptasmicra lineaticoxus, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 9.5 mm. Reddish-yellow ; a transverse spot on the occiput, a 
 spot in the frontal depression, the flagellum, a triangular spot on the scutellum ex- 
 tending from its apex, an oblong spot on the lateral mesothoracic lobes anteriorly, 
 the middle mesothoracic lobe, except the outer margins broadly, the sheaths of the 
 ovipositor, and a line on the hind coxse above, black. 
 
 The body of the abdomen is long-ovate, the petiole very long, six or more times 
 longer than thick. The hind femora are armed with seven large teeth, the first 
 three very acute, the following broader and rounded at apex. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Four specimens. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 453 
 
 HePTASMICRA QUADRIMACULATA, Sp. UOV. 
 
 Male. — Length 6 nam. Yellow ; a line on the scape (ihove, the flagelluni, two 
 triangular spots on the anterior margin of the middle mesothoracic lobe, a small 
 spot on each of the lateral lobes and the terminal ventral segment, black. 
 
 The abdomen is long-ovate, the petiole a little more than twice as long as thick ; 
 the dorsal segments are more or less marked with brown or fuscous stains. The 
 hind femora are armed with seven black tipped teeth, all large, except the second, 
 which is small. 
 
 Brazil : ( "orumba, in May. 
 
 Genus METADONTIA Ashmead. 
 Metadontia klavolineat.v, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 7 mm. Black ; a dot between the ocelli, front orbits, cheeks 
 pronotum above, a line on each side of the middle mesothoracic lobe, abbreviated 
 posteriorly, a transverse line at base of the scutellum, another at apex, the meta- 
 thurax, a spot beneath the tegulte, the front legs from the tips of the femora, the 
 middle tarsi, the hind coxse, except apices and a broad line beneath, a transverse 
 line near apex of hind femora both outwardly and inwardly, an annulus on the 
 hind tibitB near the middle, the abdomen at base, including the petiole and second 
 segment, and an elongate spot at tip of abdomen above, yellow. 
 
 The ridge or plate at the apex of the scutellum is emarginate and wholly yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Resembles Metadontia {Oialcis) nigi-icondx Fabr. but differs in the color of the 
 hind legs and by the emarginate plate at apex of the scutellum. 
 
 Metadontia simills, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — Length 5 mm. Colored very much as in 31. fiavolineata, but the prono- 
 tum above, although yellow, has a black spot at the sides posteriorly ; the scutellum 
 is margined all around with yellow, the axillae being black ; the metathorax, except 
 a central black spot, is yellow ; the front and middle legs, except the first joint of 
 the trochanters above and the base of the femora above for about two thirds their 
 length, are yellow ; the hind coxte except at basal third are black : the hind femora 
 are mostly yellow, but outwardly have a large black spot at base, connected with a 
 black line beneath, above on the ridge is a black line at the basal two thirds, which 
 itself is connected with a black line on the inner face : the inner face has also a 
 black spot ; the hind tibite are black except the apical two thirds of the outer face ; 
 the hind tarsi are yellow. 
 
 The abdomen is yellow, the dorsal segments banded witli black. 
 
454 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MILSEUM 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 Allied to M. 7iigricornis Fain*. 
 
 Metadontia ai-finis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 6 mm. Black and marked with yellow much as in M. similis. 
 The front orbits, the cheeks, scape entirely, pronotum above, except a small black 
 spot on each side, a line on each side of the middle niesothoracic lobe clear to the 
 base of the scntellum, the outer margins of the lateral lobes, the sides and apex of 
 the scutellum, except a median black spot on the emarginate plate at apex, yellow. 
 
 The legs are as in M. similis except that the hind femora are black, with a 
 curved yellow line on outer face near apex, the base being margined with yellow, 
 within similarly marked ; femoral teeth, two and three small, the others larger. 
 The abdomen is mostly black, the petiole yellow, the second segment (first body) 
 reddish except at apex above. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 HEXASMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 In having the hind femora armed with six large teeth this genus comes nearest 
 
 to Metadontia Ashm., but is easily separated from it by the totally different shaped 
 
 abdomen, which is lanceolate or fusiform, longer than the head and thorax united, 
 
 the petiole being short, not longer than thick. The scutellum at apex is usually 
 
 bidentate or emarginate. 
 
 Hexasmicra transversa (Walker). 
 
 Sniera transversa Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1861, p. 182, 9 c?. 
 
 Smicra transversa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., T., 1898., p. 383. 
 
 Brazil : Ega ; Tapayos (Mr. Bates) ; Chapada ; Santarem. Two female and 
 
 seven male specimens. 
 
 ? Hexasmicra trinidadensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; a transverse spot on the occiput, the flagellum 
 above, a transverse line at base of scutellum, the femoral teeth and the apex of the 
 hind tibise black. The abdomen is fusiform, the petiole at least five times as long as 
 thick, the middle dorsal segments stained with black or fuscous. The liind femora 
 are armed with six large teeth, the first four acute, the last two l»road, rounded at 
 apex. 
 
 West Indies : Trinidad. 
 
 ? Hexasmicra brasiliensis, sji. uov. 
 Male. — Length 4 mm. Yellow ; a transvei-se spot on the occiput, the flagellum, 
 a transverse line on tlie anterior mar<i'in of the middle niesothoracic lobe and a deli- 
 
ashmkad: classification of thr chalcid flies 455 
 
 cate median line posteriorly, a spot on tlio axilhe, a median line on the scutellum 
 posteriorly and the femoral teeth, black. The abdomen is ovate, the petiole being 
 about three times as long as thick. The hind femora are armed with six large 
 teeth, all acute. 
 
 Brazil : (Jorumlja, in May. 
 
 PENTASMICRA Aslimcad, gen. nov. 
 
 In this genus the hind femora are armed with five large teeth ; eyes large, occu- 
 pying nearly the whole sides of the head ; mandibles three-dentate ; while the scu- 
 tellum at apex is bidentate. 
 
 Pent.\smicra aperta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera aperta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 187, 9. 
 Smicra aperta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 373. 
 Brazil. 
 
 PENTASMICRA APPRESSA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera ai^j^rcssa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 186, 9. 
 Smicra ap)pressa Dalla Torre, Gat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 373. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Pent.\smicra bkasilica (Walker). 
 
 Smiera brasilica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 188, 9. 
 Smicra brasilica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil. 
 
 PENTASMICRA CERINA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera ccrina Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 1864, p. 187, J*. 
 Smicra cerina Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Pentastiijcra certa (Walker). 
 Smiera ccrUi Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 187, 9. 
 Sm^icra certa Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil. 
 
 PENTASMICRA COMMODA (Walker). 
 
 Sraiera commn<l<i Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, London (3), II., 1864, p. 195, 9. 
 Smicra commodn Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 374. 
 Brazil. 
 
 PENTASMICRA CONTEMINATA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera co)it( iniiKila Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. TiOndon (3), II., 1864, p. 194, 9. 
 Smicra coiitiiiiiiiiifd Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil. 
 
 (?) PENTASMICRA EEKK'TA (Walker). 
 
 Smiera eljlrtn Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc London (3), II., 1864, p. 184, cf. 
 Brazil : Amazon. 
 
456 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Pentasmicra scisa (Walker). 
 Smierascim Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 192, c?. 
 Sinicra scisa Dalla Torre, (Jut. Hyra., V., 1898, p. 381. 
 Brazil : Amazon. 
 
 TETRASMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is at once recognized by the liind femora being armed with four large 
 teetli and by the scutellum being emarginate or bidentate at apex. 
 
 Teteasmicra concitata (Walker). 
 Smicra concitata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 183, 9. 
 Smicra concitata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : Amazon region. 
 
 Tetrasmicra crocata (Walker). 
 (Plate XXXII., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Smicra crocata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 186-1, p. 186, 9. 
 Smicra crocata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : Amazon region. 
 
 Tetrasmicra destinata (Walker). 
 Smiera destinata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1864, p. 185, 9. 
 Smicra destinata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 376. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Tetrasmicra maculata (Fabricius). 
 
 Chalcis 'taacidata Fabricius, Mant. Ins., I., 1787, p. 273. — Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., 
 Ed. 13% I., 1790, p. 274.— Oliver, Encyc. Method. Ins., V., 1790, p. 440.— 
 Fabricius, Ent. Syst., II., 1793, p. 198.— Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 162. 
 
 Smiera maculata Walker, The Entom., I., 848, p. 287. 
 
 Smicra maculata Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV., 1872, p. 57. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 378. 
 Brazil. 
 
 TRISMICRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 In this genus the; hind femora are armed with three lai-ge, strong teeth ; other- 
 wise it is similar to Tctras'inicra. 
 
 Trismicra contracta (Walker). 
 
 Smiera contracta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), II., 1S64, p. 1S4, d^. 
 Smicra contracta Dalhi Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 375. 
 Brazil : Amazon region. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 457 
 
 Tribe III. Chalcitelllni. 
 No species is known in this tribe from South America. 
 
 Tribe IV. HaJikhellini. 
 Genus HALTICHELLA Spinola. 
 H.\LTICHELLA DORSALIS Walker. 
 
 Haltichrl/a <Iorsalis Walker, Journ. Entom., I., 1S61, p. 185, 9. 
 HaJticclhi <lnr.-<,ilis Dalhi Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 397. 
 Brazil. 
 
 HALTICHELLA REMOTOR Walker. 
 
 HnhkheIJa remotor Walker, Trans. Ent. Soe. London (3), I., 1H&2, p. 367, 9.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 398. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Genus CONURA Spinola. 
 CONUEA ANNULIPE.S (Spinola). 
 
 Smicra annulipes Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 44, 9. 
 Conura annidipes Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, pp. 360 and 394, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
 Brazil. 
 
 CONUKA FLAVICANS Spinola. 
 
 (Jomura pavkan>< Spinola, Mag. de Zool., VIII., 1837, p. 180, 9, T. 180.— Blanchard, 
 Hist. nat. Ins., III., 1810, p. 256.— Sichel, Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), V., 1865, 
 pp. 359 and 387, 9.— Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIL, 1883, 
 p. 58; PI. 3, f. 26 and 27.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 403. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Genus ANTROCEPHALUS Kirby. 
 Antrocephalus punctiger (Fabricius). 
 Chalds punctiger Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 167. 
 
 Antrocephalus punctigera {YiowAvd) Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXV., 1894, p. 
 81, 9 d^.— Dalla Torre, (Ait. Llym., \., 1898, p. 396. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Genus ASPIRHINA Kirby. 
 .VsriRHiNA DUBiTAToR (Walker). 
 Haitian, i dnhlhilnr Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 366. 
 Asplrhina dubitator Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XVIL, 1883, p. 60. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 399. 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
458 MEMOIRS OK THK CAKNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Trtbe V^. Dirldnim. 
 
 Genus HONTALIA Cameron. 
 
 HONTALIA CAMERONI, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXII., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Female. — Length 6.1 mm.; ovipositor 3.5 mm. Blue, with a shght greenish tinge 
 the head and thorax coarsely punctate, the metanotum and the metapleura metalUc 
 green ; abdomen aineous black, the petiole longitudinallj^ striate, the second segment 
 very large, smooth, impunctate, the following segments united not longer than the 
 second and microscopically shagreened ; eyes light brown ; ocelli pale ; antenna? 
 brown ; front and middle legs, except coxie, ferruginous, the tarsi paler, more of a 
 yellowish-white ; hind legs seneous black, except the long coxa? which are bluish 
 and the tarsi which are yellowish-white. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish, the 
 veins light brown. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One .specimen. 
 
 Named in honor of Mr. Peter ( "anieron. 
 
 HONTALIA KIRBYI, Sp. DOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXII., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Mah'. — Length 3.5 mm. .Eneous black, reticulately punctate, the mesopleura 
 with an opaque, shagreened depression that extends from the teguke to the middle 
 coxte, the metanotum with several carinae ; the hind tarsi, the front and middle legs, 
 except coxse, the thickened portion of the femora, and a large part of the tibiae basally 
 are honey-yellow or testaceous ; the abdominal petiole is longitudinally striate, the 
 second abdominal segment, except apically, being smooth and polished, the apex of 
 the second segment and the following segments are finely microscopically punctate. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Family LXIII. EURYTOMID^. 
 
 Tribe I. Axhuini. 
 
 Genus AXIMA. Walker. 
 
 TABLE OF SPECIES. 
 
 1. Males o 
 
 Females. 
 
 Wings hyaline, without a blackisli hand at base, 2 
 
 Wings hyaline, with a broad blaekish band at base. 
 
 Front legs, except tips of the tibiie, red A. spinifrons Walker. 
 
ashmkap: classikication of tiik (Halcid kijks 459 
 
 2. Pronotiim not wholly black, rod at the sides !5 
 
 Pionotum wholly black ; frontal spines distinct but not acute. 
 
 Antenna?, except a streak on the scape beneath and at bai^e, and the legs, except knees, tibiia 
 and tarsi, black ; knees, tibia; and tarsi honey-yellow, the middle and hind tibiie faintly dusky 
 at the middle ; abdomen wholly black A. koebelei, sp. nov. 
 
 3. Frontal spines very minute, nearly obsolete 4 
 
 Frontal spines long, acute, twice longer than wide at base. 
 
 Trochanters, knees, tips of tibiae and tarsi, honey-yellow : abdomen with a reddish spot on sides 
 of fourth and fifth segments A. brasiliensls, sp. nov. 
 
 4. Face below antenna;, sides of iironotuni, sides of the fifth abdominal segment and mo.st of the sixth, 
 
 red : trochanters, knees, tips of tilii;c iin<l the tarsi, honey-yellow ; antenna; rather short, black, 
 except the scape at base ; scutelliini and nietauotum sometimes reddish A. brevicornia, sp. nov. 
 
 5. Frontal spines indi.stinct, nearly obsolete <> 
 
 Frontal spines di.stinct A. spinifrons Walker. 
 
 G. Wholly black, except the legs, the knees, tibiie and tar.si honey-yellow, the middle and hind tibia; 
 .sometimes dusky or fu.scous medially ; antennje long, the funicle joints long, contracted medially, 
 each funicle joint with two whorls of long sparse hairs A. brevicornig. 
 
 AxiM.\ SPINIFRONS Walker. 
 
 A.rliixi spliilfrovs Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 374.— Kirby, 
 Journ. Linn. 8oc. Zool, XVIL, 1883, pi. 57 ; PI. 3, f. 19.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hyni., v., 1898, p. 35. 
 Brazil : St. Paul. 
 
 AXIMA KOEBELEI, sp. noV. 
 
 Feiiiale. — Length 4.5 nun. Black; scape beneath and basally, teguhu, trochan- 
 ters, knees, tips of tibite and the tarsi honey-yellow ; pronotuni, except a median 
 stripe, and spots on sides of tlie fifth and the sixth abdominal segments, red. 
 
 The frijntal spines are large, acute, and fully twice as long as wide at base. 
 
 TiiiH.—i "at. No. 6394, U. 8. N. M. 
 
 P.razil : Bonito Prov., Pernanil)UCo. (Mr. Albert Kocl>ele.) 
 
 AxiMA HKASILIENSIS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.5 mm. Resembles A. koehelei, but differs in color. It is l>luck, 
 witli the face below the anteniife, the cheeks, the pronotum except a median stripe, 
 the metathorax at apex and at sides, and the sides of the fourth and fifth abdominal 
 segments, red; trochanters, knees, tips of til)i;p and the tarsi, h(jney-yellu\v. 
 
 Type.— Cat No. 6395, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil: Bonito Prov., Pernambuco. (Mr. Albert Koebele.) 
 
 AXI.MA HREVICORNIS, sp. UOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 to 4.6 mm. Black; the face below tlie insertion of the an- 
 tennte, the sides of the ])ronotum, the pmstcnium, sometimes the metii[)leura and the 
 
460 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 sides of the fifth and sixth abdominal segments, more or less, red ; scape at base, 
 tegulse, trochanters, knees, tibiae and tarsi, honey-yellow; the tibite are sometimes 
 dusky except at tips. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. 
 
 The frontal spines are very minute, nearly obsolete, only represented by a carina 
 close to the eye. 
 
 Male. — Lengtli 3-4 mm. Black, with the second joint of the trochanters, the 
 front tibite, usually entirely, the tips of middle and hind tibial, and all tarsi, honey- 
 yellow. The flagellum iti this sex is very long, extending to the apex of the ab- 
 dominal petiole, the joints of the flagellum long, contracted at the middle, each 
 joint of the funicle with two whorls of long hairs. The apex of the metathorax has 
 a quadrate area just above the insertion of the petiole while the petiole is very long, 
 narrowed towards apex, shagreened, and with some longitudinal ridges i)v carina. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Corumba ; Santarem. 
 
 Described from two female and five male specimens. 
 
 AXIMOPSIS Ashnaead, gen. nov. 
 
 Allied to A.vima Walker, but easily separated by the different venation and Ijy 
 the totally different shape of the abdomen. The marginal vein- is much shorter 
 than it is in Ajrhna, being hardly twice the length of the stigmal vein, while the 
 abdomen is much shorter, never long lanceolate, the relative length of the segments 
 being totally unlike those in Axima, with a much shorter petiole. The head, too, is 
 different, not so acutely horned, the lateral ocelli being nearer to the eye margin than 
 to each other ; in Axima the ocelli are nearer to each other than to the eye margin. 
 
 AxiMOP.sis MORio, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXII., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Female. — Length 4.2 mm. Black ; the sutures between the femora and tibite, 
 the extreme tips of tibise and the tarsi honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, bare, the 
 tegulse black, veins yellowish. The head is wider than the thorax, has a carina 
 extending around the inner orbits, another bounded the scrobes and extending to 
 the clypeus ; otherwise it is much as in Aj:wia, only not so transverse, the malar 
 space Ijeing larger. 
 
 Tribe II. hosmnini. 
 
 Genus IS080MODES Ashniead. 
 
 ISOSOMODES BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 1.) 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 mm. Black ; the scape, pedicel, first joint of funicle, ex- 
 cept sometimes at apex, the tegulse, the trochanters, the tiljiu' and the tarsi, lu)ne3'- 
 
ASHArEAD : r-LASSIFICATION OF THF: CHAT.CID FLIES 4G1 
 
 yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins lirownisli-yellow. The abdomen is long, conic- 
 ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united, subconipressed, smooth and 
 shining, the petiole short, rugose, not or hardly longer than thick. 
 Brazil : Coruniba, in May ; Santarem. Five specimens. 
 
 ISOSOMODES NIGRICEPS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Male. — Length 4.5 mm. IJrownish-yellow, the head above, the abdominal 
 petiole, a spot at base of second dorsal abdominal .segment, a spot at apex of the third 
 and fourth dorsal segments, all the following segments above, black ; eyes brown, the 
 ocelli red. The head has a deep frontal channel ; the antenna3 are long, filiform, in- 
 serted a little above the middle of the face, the scape reaching beyond the ocelli, 
 the pedicel of same being very short, the funicle joints long, about two thirds the 
 length of the scape, briefly pedicellate and with two wliorls of long, black hairs as 
 in fsosuma. 
 
 IJrazil : Santarem. One .specimen. 
 
 Genus ISOSOMA Walker. 
 
 I.SOSOMA ORCHIDEARUM WestWOOd. 
 
 Ixosomu 07-c7i7't/<Y//'(/7/i Westwood, Gardener's Chron., 1869, p. 330. — Westwood, Trans. 
 
 Ent. Soc. London, 1882, p. 323, 9 d" ; PI. L3, f. L d", 4 9.— Fitch, Trans. 
 
 Ent. Soc. London, 1884, Fnjc, p. xi. — IMacLachlan, Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 
 
 1884, Proc, p. xiv.— Riley, Insect Life, L, 1898, p. 121.— Riley, Insect Life, 
 
 II., 1890, pp. 250, 251.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 349. 
 Brazil : Living in buds of Catfleya sp. 
 This is probably not a true I.^osoma. 
 
 TKir.K III. Eiirijidmini. 
 
 Genus CHRYSEIDA Spinola. 
 Chryseida amazonica Westwood. 
 Chnjmda aniazoniea Westwood, Thesaus. Ent. Oxon., 1874, j). 140; pl. 20, f 5, 9. 
 —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Chryseida cyanea (Fabricius). 
 Clialcis cyanea Fabricius, Syst. Fiez., 1804, p. 164, 9. 
 
 6'//n/.ve/d(/ c//«7tf'a Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III., 1895, p. 100, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
 Brazil : Chapada. A single female specimen taken in April. 
 
462 MEMOIRS OK THE CARNEOIE MUSEUM 
 
 t'HUYSKIDA SlPERfll.IOSA Spiliola. 
 
 Chryseidu mpercUiosa Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, p. 12. 9, T. 42. — Rev. Zool., 
 1840, p. 18.— Westwood, Thesaur. Ent. Oxou.. 1S74. p. 140.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
 British Guiana. 
 
 CHRYSEIDA iENEIVENTRIS, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Female. — Length G mm. Head and thorax blue, coarsely punctate, the disk of 
 the metathorax, the mesopleura, coxte, and the punctures along the eyes and on the 
 face, metallic green ; Hagellum black, the basal two thirds of the scape at least 
 beneath, j'cllow ; third joint of the flagellum fully three and one half times as long 
 as thick, legs rufous, the coxfe metallic greenish, the tarsi yellowish ; abdomen 
 ieneous or bronzed, the last .segment bluish. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Santarein ; ( 'liajiada, in April. 
 
 Geuus BEPHRATA Cameion. 
 
 Bephrata STRIATIPES, .'^p. IIOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Female. — Length 6.5 mm. Black, coarsely punctate ; the face, except the 
 scrobes, the cheeks, the temples, a large oblong spot on each side of the pronotum, 
 the tegulse, and the legs, except black stripes on the front and middle femora above, 
 and the hind femora which are black, except at tips, are yellow. Wings hyaline, 
 with a fuscous cloud beneath the marginal vein. 
 
 The abdomen is much compressed, about as long as the head and thorax united ; 
 seen from the side it is nearly as wide as long, the eighth segment represented by an 
 aculeus ; the fourth and fifth segments have a band of faint punctures before the 
 middle, the sixth segment is punctured along the Ijase, while the seventh segment 
 is punctured towards the apex. 
 
 Brazil : Para, in June. Two specimens. 
 
 AXIMOGASTRA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus comes nearest to Bephrata ( Cameron, but is easily separated by the 
 totally different shape of the abdomen which is long-lanceolate and compressed, 
 much as in A.cima Walker, by the first joint of the funicle, although long, being 
 .shorter than the scape, and bj^ the venation, which is nearly as in Iso.ioma Walker 
 
ASIIMEAI) : CLASSIFICATION OF TIIK CHALCII) FFJKS 463 
 
 AXIMOGASTRA BAHI/K, sp. IIOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Fniialc. — Length f).'! mm. Yellow, umliilicately pvinctate; a large spot on dor- 
 sum of ])ronotum posteriorly, a striijc on tlie scutelluni, the mesopleura medially, 
 and the metathora.x, blaek. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The long, lanceo- 
 late, much compressed abdomen, which is longer than the head and thorax united, 
 is yellow, with some of the dorsal segments marked with black, the last two seg- 
 ments being mostly black. 
 
 Tifpc—Cat No. 7342 U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. Collected by Mr. Albert Koebele, March 19, 1883. 
 
 PRODECATOMA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 Tliis is another singular genus. In its cephalic and thoracic characters it resem- 
 bles Decatoma Spinola, while in venation and in its abdominal characters it is not 
 unlike Enri/tomo Illiger. Both mandibles are three-dentate, the two outer teeth 
 acute, the inner tooth blunt ; the marginal vein is long, slender, the postmarginal 
 being very long, much longer than the marginal, while the stigmal vein, with its 
 knolj, is only about half as long as the marginal ; the abdomen is compressed, not 
 or hardly longer than the head and thorax united, usually shorter ; seen from the 
 side it is broadly oval or short ovate, usually pointed at apex, the petiole being 
 slender and either short or long ; the hind tibitc are fringed with stiff Ijristles 
 behind as in Decatoma. 
 
 PrODECATOMA BRUNEIVENTRI.S, Sp. nOV. 
 
 Fciiuile. — Length 3.5 mm. Head and thorax yellow, immaculate, umbilicately 
 punctate ; abdomen brownish ; the flagellum and eyes brown black ; the ocelli are 
 placed nearly in a straight line and are sometimes encircled with black. The first 
 joint of the flagellum is more than thrice as long as thick, the following impercep- 
 tibly shortening to the club. Legs yellow, except the apical half of the hind tibife 
 which is fuscous. Wings hyaline, the veins light brown. The. abdomen is .shorty 
 compressed; seen from the side it is oval and hardly longer than the thorax, acutely 
 pointed at apex. 
 
 Male. — Length 2.1 mm. Yellow, with the upper part of the head, the thorax 
 above and the abdomen, black ; the flagellum is black, the funicle joints long, con- 
 tracted at the middle, each joint with two whorls of long hairs ; legs yellow, with 
 the apex of hind femora and the apical two thirds of hind tibiae black. 
 
 Brazil: Chapada, in April and August; Santarem. Four specimens. 
 
464 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Prodecatoma flavescens, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXIII., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Yellow, the legs much paler, the eyes brown. The 
 first joint of the flagellum is about twice as long as thick, the second about two 
 thirds the length of the first, the third oval, only a little longer than thick. Wings 
 hj'aline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is subcompressed, shorter than the 
 thorax, the petiole longer than thick. 
 
 Brazil. One specimen. 
 
 Prodecatoma thoracica, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.1 mm. The upper part of the head, the occiput, dorsum of 
 pronotum, metathorax and the abdomen, except a spot on the sides of the fifth and 
 sixth segments, are black, rest of body yellow, the club of the antennae, a spot 
 towards apex of the hind femora and the middle of the hind tibife being fuscous. 
 Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The first joint of the funicle is long, aljout 
 three and one half times as long as thick, the second a little more than twice as 
 long as thick, the third about twice as long as thick, the following still shorter. 
 
 Bi'azil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Prodecatoma nigra, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length about 4 mm., the abdomen acutely pointed. Wholly black, 
 except the legs, which are yellow, with the coxse black, the femora more or less 
 black or brown, except at tips, eyes brown : ocelli red. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Genus EURYTOMA Uliger. 
 Eurytoma argentata Cameron. 
 
 Eurytrnua argentata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., L, 1884, p. 108. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 334. 
 Guyana. 
 
 Eurytoma cuclus Walker. 
 EurytoiiM cvclas A\'alker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 62, 9 c?. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p.' 336. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Eurytoma philager (Walker). 
 Decatoma pldJacjer Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, p. 81, cf. 
 
 Eurytoma i^hilager Walker, List. Chalc, Brit. Museum, 1., ]84(!, p. 10.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 341. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 465 
 
 (?) EURYTOMA MELLEA Westwood. 
 
 Earytoma mellea Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 139; PI. 2(1, f. 2.— Dulla 
 Torre, Gat. Hyni., V., 1898, p. 339. 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 EURYTOMA MENON Walker. 
 
 Earytoma meuon Walker, Monogr. Chalc, 11., 1839, p. 62, 9<5^. — Dalla Torre, (Jat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 339. 
 Brazil : Babia. 
 
 EURYTOMA POMORUM (Fabricius). 
 
 Chalcis poiiwrtiiii P^abricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 163. 
 
 Eurytoma pomorum Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 138. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hyra., V., 1898, p. 341. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Eurytoma pallidiceps Spinola. 
 
 EitryfavKi paUidlceps Spinola, Gay's Hist. lis. Ghile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 467, 9 c?. 
 —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 340. 
 Chile. 
 
 Eurytoma .simplex (Fabricius). 
 Chalcis simplex Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 164. — Dalla Torre, Gat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 392. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Genus EUDOXINNA Walkei-. 
 
 EuDOXiN>fA TRANSVERSA Walker. 
 
 (Plate XXXIV., Fig. 1.) 
 
 Sosxetra trinisversa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1., 1862, p. 37, 9. 
 Eudoxinna transversa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 11., 18(i4, p. 207. — 
 Westwood, Thes. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 138; PI. 25, f. 9, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 352. 
 
 Brazil: Ega ; Benevides in July. One female. 
 
 In the Herbert H. Smith collection is a single male, taken at Ghapada in April, 
 which I think is the male of this species. It measures only 3.2 mm., is yellow 
 with a spot on the vertex enclosing the ocelli, a spot at apex of scutellum, a spot at 
 apex of the hind femora, the apical two thirds of the hind tibia3, a stripe along the 
 petiole above, and the body of abdomen above, black. The antennje are inserted far 
 up on the face, the scape being long and- extending beyond the ocelli, with a minute 
 tooth at apex beneath; the flagellum is similar to that in the males of Isosomn, each 
 of the funicle joints having two whorls of long bairs. Tbe abdomen is longly peti- 
 
466 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 olated, the petiole being as long as the hind femora, tlie body being small, triangu- 
 lar in outline, the third segment being the largest segment. 
 
 Genus SYSTOLODES Ashmead. 
 Systolodes brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Femak. — Length 1.5 mm. Black, the scape and the legs, except the coxa? and 
 the hind femora, honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 
 
 The joints of the funicle are a little longer than thick, the first joint being a 
 little the longest. The abdomen is subglobose, subcompressed, the petiole being 
 slender and as large as the hind coxa?. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. Differs from all other species placed 
 in this genus by the long abdominal petiole. 
 
 Tribe IV. Rihyrni. 
 
 NEORILEYA Ashmead, geu. nov. 
 
 Head transverse, not wider than the thorax at its widest part, the eyes large, 
 broadly oval or subrotund, the malar space very short ; mandibles short, broad, 
 4-dentate ; antennae thirteen-jointed, with two ring-joints, alike in both sexes, the 
 flagellum being stout, filiform, pubescent, stoutest in the female, the pedicel shorter 
 than the first joint of the funicle ; first two joints of the funicle in the male are 
 submoniliform. Thorax robust, the pronotum very large, subquadrate, as wide as 
 the mesonotum or very nearly, the latter being a little the longei-, with the parap- 
 sidal furrows usually vaguely defined, rarely sharply defined or complete ; the met- 
 athorax is extremely short. Abdomen short oval, shorter than the thorax, depressed, 
 wider than deep, subsessile, the petiole very short, the first and third body segments 
 the longest, nearly equal, the second very short, the fourth and the fifth longer than 
 the second, the following more or less retracted. 
 
 In sculpture this genus agrees with Eurytonia, being umbilicutely punctate. 
 
 Neorileya flavipes, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXVI., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Female. — Length 2.3-2.6 mm. Robust, black, umbilicately punctate, the ab- 
 domen oval, slightly depressed and delicately shagreened ; scape and legs pale yel- 
 lowish, rarely with the hind femora and tibia? toward apex blackish, or dusky ; 
 flagellum filiform, the funicle joints two to six quadrate. Wings hyaline, the 
 tegula? and veins yellowish or brownish-yellow. The male is usually smaller, with 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THF, CHALCII) FLIES 
 
 467 
 
 the abdomt?n move depressed, the pedicel as well as the scape being yellow ; other- 
 wise it is hardly distinguishable from the female. 
 Brazil : Chapada ; Santarem. Ten specimens. 
 
 Genus RILFA'A Asbmead. 
 
 RiLEYA ORBITALIS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Feiuale. — Length 2 mm. Head and thorax, except the i)ron()tnni which is more 
 or less brownish or yellowish, mostly black, the abdomen brown, the apex black ; 
 orbits, face below antennse, scape, tegulse, and the legs, except the basal half of tlie 
 hind femora, yellow or brownish-yellow, the tips of the tibia; and the tarsi paler or 
 yellowish-white ; flagellum subclavate, light brown, joints five and six of funicle 
 wider than long. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish ; the marginal vein is a 
 little more than twice the length of the stigmal, the postmarginal vein being long, 
 
 The abdomen is conic-ovate, cylindrical, nearly twice the length of the thorax, 
 pointed at apex, the third segment very large, occupying the greater part of the 
 whole surface of abdomen. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Family LXIV. PERILAMPlDiE. 
 
 Genus PERILAMPUS Latieille. 
 
 Peeilampus brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXIV., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Female. — Length 4.8-5 mm. Blue, the head behind the ocelli, the fore part 
 of the middle mesothoracicl obe, and the inner front angle of the lateral lobes 
 teneous ; the head is smooth with several longitudinal striae between the eyes and 
 the scrobes, the pronotum coarsely, irregularly punctate, the middle mesothoracic 
 lobe and the scutellum coarsely transversely striate, the lateral mesothoracic lobes 
 with some long, oblique strite posteriorly. The extreme tips of the tibiaj and the 
 tarsi are testaceous. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 
 
 Family LXV. ELKJHARID.E. 
 
 Genus EUCHARIS Latieille. 
 EvcHAKis DiCERODERA Spinola ? = JTopa/a. 
 
 Eucharis dicerodeni Spinola, Mem. Acad. Sc. Torino (2), XI II., 185L p. 43, cT. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1S98, p. 360. 
 Brazil. 
 
468 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Genus ORASEMA Cameron. 
 Orasema festiva (Fabricius). 
 
 Euchatis festiva Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 157. 
 
 Orasema festiva Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, ZooL, XX., 188G, p. 29. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Oeasema eapo (Walker). 
 (Plate XXXW., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Eucharisrapo Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 66, 9. 
 
 Orasema rapo Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 26. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Santarem ; Corumba, in May. Fifteen specimens. 
 
 PSEUDOCHALCURA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus resembles Gltalcura Kirby, but the wings are hyaline, 'without a fus- 
 cous spot, and the antennte, in the male, have only four branches. 
 
 PSEUDOCHALCURA NIGROCYANE.i, Sp. noV. 
 
 (Plate XXXIV., Fig. G.) 
 
 Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Blue-black, coarsely, reticulately punctate, with a 
 faint seneous tinge above, the trochanters, apices of femora and all tibse and tarsi, 
 and the scape and pedicel of antennae honey-yellow, the flagellum brown-black or 
 brown, paler towards apex, joints one to four each with a long branch above. The 
 abdomen is Eeneous black, with a very long petiole, the length of the hind femora, 
 the body subcompressed, viewed from the side subtriangular. 
 
 Female. — Length about 4 mm. Agrees fairly well with the male except that 
 the flagellum is brown, joints one to four acutely lobed above, while the abdomen 
 is larger, the petiole much shorter, being hardly two thirds the length of the hind 
 femora. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Six specimens. 
 
 Genus STIBULA Spinola. 
 
 Stibula nigriceps, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Male. — Ivcngth 3 mm. Brownish-yellow, the head, except the eyes which are 
 brown, being entirely black ; the flagellum from the second joint is brown-black, 
 the scape, pedicel, and the first joint of the flagellum being yellow ; the first joint 
 of the flagellum is very long, more than twice as long as the scape. 
 
ASHMKAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHAI.CID FLIES 469 
 
 The thorax is brownish-yellow marked with black as follows : The middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe has two oblong, nearly confluent, spots anteriorly, the lateral lobes 
 have a spot above, while the scutellum has a transverse line across the base and a 
 central line ending on the two spines at the apex of the scutellum, black. The 
 abdominal petiole and the legs are yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem, in April. One specimen. 
 
 • Genus SCHIZASPIDEA Westwood. 
 
 SCHIZASPIDEA MACULATA WestWOod. 
 
 Schizaspidea f macakita Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153, 9; PI. 28, f 1. 
 Orasema macnlata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. Ivondon, ZooL, XX., 1886, p. 29. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 361. 
 Brazil. 
 
 SCHIZASPIDEA PRETENDENS Walker. 
 
 Schizaspidea inetendms Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1., 1862, p. 385, cf. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in INIay. One specimen, badly damaged. 
 
 Genu.s TETRAMELIA Kirby. 
 Tetramelia meridionalis Kirby. 
 
 Tetramelia meridionalis Kirby, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), IV., 1889, p. 144, 9.— 
 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Tetramelia plagiata (Walker). 
 
 (Plate XXXV, Fig. 1.) 
 
 Schizaspidia pla()iata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L, 1862, p. 385, cf. — 
 Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 152; PI. 28, f 11. 
 
 Tetramelia plagiata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 188G, p. 31. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 364. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in November. One male specimen. 
 
 Genus THORACANTHA Latreille. 
 
 TlKlUAfAXTHA LATltEILl.KI Guerill. 
 
 Thoracantha latreillei Guer. Iconogr. Regn. an. Ins., VII., 1829-44, p. 415; PI. 
 
 LXVIL, f 8.— Blanchard, Hist. nat. Ins., IIL, 1840, p. 257.— Walker, Ann. 
 
 & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 1843, p. 45, 9.— Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London 
 
 Zool., XX., 1886, p. 32.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., X., 1898, p. 365. 
 Thoracantha coleopteroides (Watcrhouse) Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, II., 
 
 1839, p. 196. 
 Galearia violacca Brulle, Hist. nat. Ins., Hym., I\'., 1846, p. 572. 
 
470 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Thoracantlm apta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 384, d".— West 
 
 wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153 ; PI. 28, f. 3. 
 Acrostela apta Shepp, The Entom., XXVL, 1894, p. 188.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., 
 v., 1898, p. 366. 
 Brazil : Santarem and \\\\?i Nova ; Chapada, in ^larcli, April and November; 
 8antarem. Twelve male and two female specimens. 
 
 • 
 
 Thoracantha romandii Guerin. 
 
 Thoracantha romandii Guerin, Iconogr. Regne anim., \'II., Ins., 1845, p. 415. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyin., V., 1898, p. 366. 
 Colombia. 
 
 Geuus UROMELIA Kerby. 
 Uromelia striata (Perty). 
 
 Tlwmcantha striata Perty, Delect, anim. artic. Brasil, 1833, p. 134; T. 28, f. 15 
 
 and 16. — Blanchard, Hist. nat. In,s., III., 1840, p. 257. 
 Uromelia striata Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XX., 1886, p. 37. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 367. 
 Thoracantha flabellatus Westwood, Proc. Soc. London, III., 1835, p. 52, J'. 
 Thoracantha aculeata Westwood, opus cit, 1835, 9. 
 Chalcis {Thoracantha) aculeata Blanchard, Cuvier : Regne anim., Ed. 3", Ins., II. 
 
 1849 ; T. ] 13, f. 8. 
 Thoracantha aculeata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. (Jxon., 1874, p. 154; PI. 28, f. 9. 
 Lasionychus Jiabellatus Shipp, The Entom., XXV., 1894, p. 188. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 367. 
 Brazil : Santarem. Five specimens. 
 
 Genus DICCELOTHOBAX Ashmead. 
 
 Allied to Lxtocantha Shipp, but easily distinguished by the deep impressions on 
 the mesonotum and the scutellum, and by the very broad and different shape of the 
 scutellar pi-oces.ses, which form a broad shield over the abdomen. 
 
 Diccelothorax platycerus, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Female. — Length 3.8 mm. J^neous black, the anteniue, the legs, except the 
 coxfe and a median longitudinal stripe on the closely united scutellar projections, 
 testaceous. The disk of the mesonotum and the scutellum are coricavely excavated, 
 the bottom of the concavities being smooth and highly polished, the scutellar proc- 
 esses being longitudinally striated. The pronotum is greatly elevated and coarsely 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 471 
 
 transversely striateil. The head is coarsel}' shagreened, with some irregular elevated 
 lines. The antennse are short, the first joint bfeing very long, clavate, about the 
 length of the scape, or nearly as long as all remaining joints united, the second fun- 
 icle joint only a little longer than thick, the following transverse. 
 
 The male differs from the female only slightly in the antennte. Tlio hrst joint 
 of the flagellum is a little shorter about the length of the flagellum, tlie funicle 
 joints two to four being much wider, subdentate above. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Genus DILOCANTHA Shipp. 
 DiLOCANTHA FLAVICORNIS (Walker). 
 
 Tlwracantha flavicomis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 382.— 
 Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 153 ; PI. 28, f 3. 
 
 Dilocimtha fiavicornis Shipp, The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 184. — Dal la Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 366. 
 Brazil : Villa Nova (Bates). 
 
 Genus ISOMERALIA Shipp. 
 
 ISOMERALIA CORONATA (Wcstwood). 
 
 Thordcantha coramiUi Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 154; PI. 28, f 10. 
 IsomemUa coninata)Sh\Y>])., The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 188. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 366. 
 Brazil : Bonito Provence, Periiambuco (Alliert Koebele). 
 
 Genus LIRATA Cameron. 
 
 LiRATA BATESELLA (WestwOOd). 
 
 Thnracanfha batescUa Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 154 ; PI. 28, f 8, c?. 
 —Dalla Torre, C-at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One male specimen. 
 
 LiRATA PALLESCENS (Walker). 
 
 ritomcantha paUc.sccns Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 380, J'. 
 Limta pallens Shipp, The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 188.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 367. 
 
 Brazil : Villa Nova (Bates) ; ( 'hapada, in March and November. Four speci- 
 mens, two males. 
 
 The female has not been described. It may be easily recognized by the differ- 
 ence in the antenna; ; the first joint .of the funicle is very long, as long or a little 
 longer than the scape, or nearly as long as all the remaining joints united, acute 
 at apex above, joints two to four of funicle short but also acute at apex above. 
 
472 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 LiRATA SUEGENS (Walker). 
 
 Thoracantha surgens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 384, c?. 
 Lirata surgens Shipp, The Entom., XXVII., 1894, p. 188.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 367. 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Genus KAPALA Cameron. 
 Kapala alta (Walker). 
 
 Thontranfha a/ta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1., 1862, p. 383, 9.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Kapala anchuea (Walker). 
 Thoracantha (nichurus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Mus., I., 1846, p. 88.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., 1898, p. 365. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Kapala furcata (Fabricius). 
 Eacharis furcafa Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 158, 9. — Latreille, Gen. Crust, et 
 Ins., III., 1807, p. 21. — Lamarck, Hist. nat. anim. s. vert., IV., 1817, p. 
 160.— Lamarck, opus clt., Ed. 2% IV., 1835, p. 370.— Walker, Monogr. 
 Chalc, II., 1839, p. 65. 
 EiLcharis flahellatm Fabricius, Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 158, d". 
 Thoracantha furcata Walker, The Entom., I., 1841 ; PI. 9, f. 2. 
 
 Chirocerus furcatus Brulle, Hist. nat. Ins. Hym., IV., 1846, p. 571 ; T. 38, f. 5.— 
 Lucas, La Sagra's Hist, fis., etc., Cuba., VII., 1856, p. 762. — Desmarest, 
 Chenu. Encycl. hist. nat. Annelles, 1860, p. 161 ; fig. 141. 
 Schizaspidia furcata Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 4, 1871, p. 66, f. 2.— Walker, The 
 
 Entom., VI., 1872, p. 88, fig. 
 Kapaki furcata Cameron, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., I., 1884, p. 103; PL 5, f. 15. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in May and April ; Santarem. Six female and four male 
 specimens. 
 
 When in Berlin in the winter of 1889-90, I saw specimens of this species bear- 
 ing IMS. names : Thoracaidha clcrafa Westw., T. .'<pinosa Illiger, etc. 
 
 Kapala inexagens (Walker). 
 Thoracantha inc.ragcus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc London (3), I., 1862, p. 381, 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 Brazil : Santarem (Bates) ; ( 'hapada, in May. One specimen. 
 I am inclined to think this species is only a variety of K. furcata Fabr. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 473 
 
 Kapala atrata (Walker). 
 Thoracantha at rata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, London (3), I., 1862, p. 383, cf.— Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Kapala cynipska (Walker). 
 
 Thommntlia cjjnipsea Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), L, 1869, p. 379, 9d^. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 365. 
 Brazil : Santarem, Villa Nova. 
 
 Kapala DiCERODf:RA (Spinola). 
 
 Eucharls dicerodera Spinola, MeuL accad. sc. Torino (2), XIIL, 1851, p. 43, cf. — 
 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 360. 
 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Kapala reflexa (Walker). 
 
 Thoracantha reflexa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 382, 9.— Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem (JNIr. Bates). 
 
 Kapala romandii (Guerin). 
 
 Thuravantha rornandli (kier. Iconogr. regn. anim., VIII., Ins., 1845, p. 415. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
 
 Colombia. 
 
 Kapala striatissima (Walker). 
 
 Thoracantha striatissima Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 380, 9. — 
 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 366. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem (Mr. Bates). 
 
 Kapala splendens sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Female. — Length 8-8.5 mm. Very robust, the head and thorax brilliant me- 
 tallic green, the abdomen blue or blue green, with feneous reflections, usually brassy 
 above, the antennae and the legs except the coxaj, yellowish, the wings subfuscous, 
 the veins brown. The face is longitudinally striate, the striaj becoming transverse 
 below the insertion of the antenna}, the thorax coarsely transversely striate, the 
 scutellum and the scutellar processes longitudinally striate. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April and November. Four specimens. 
 
 This is tlie largest and most brilliant of any Eucharid yet discovered. 
 
 Genus LASIOKAPALA Ashmead. 
 
 Allied to Kapala Cameron, but easily distinguished by being hairy or pubescent, 
 and by the smoothness of the head. The lateral lobes of the mesonotum and the 
 
474 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 scutellum, including the long processes, are also smooth, not striate ; the scutellar 
 processes are transversely striate or serrate at their apices. 
 
 Lasiokapala serrata, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 nnn. ^Eneous black ; the antennte, the long scutellar 
 processes and the legs are honey-yellow. The head in front is smooth without 
 strise ; the thorax is hairy or pubescent, perfectly smooth, except the middle meso- 
 thoracic lobe above which is coarsely, transversely striate ; the middle lobe and the 
 scutellum have a deep depression on their disks ; while the long scutellar processes 
 are smooth to near their ajnces, their apices or tips above are laterally transversely 
 striate or serrate. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada. 
 
 Family LXV. MISCOGASTERID^E. 
 Subfamily I. Pirenin^. 
 
 Genus HERBERTIA Howard. 
 
 Herbertia howardi, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Female. — Length 2.4 mm. Blue black, the thorax above with a slight seneous 
 tinge ; eyes very large, brown, pubescent ; scape honey-yellow, the flagellum brown- 
 black ; tibiee and tarsi pale yellow. The head and thorax above are shagreened or 
 feebly punctate, pubescent ; the mesopleuron has a broad, rather deep sulcus ; the 
 wings are hyaline, the veins brownish, the stigmal vein very small, the marginal 
 vein very long, while the postmarginal vein is also long. The abdomen is ovate, a 
 little longer than the thorax, the first body segment being the longest and occupying 
 nearly the half of the whole surface, the following segments very short, subequal 
 in length. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro in August. One specimen. 
 
 Herbertia brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 1.6 mm. Head and thorax bluish, the abdomen geneous 
 black ; ocelli reddish-yellow ; eyes large, hairy ; flagellum brown-black ; tibia? and 
 tarsi yellowish-white. The head and the thorax are only feebly shagreened, the 
 lateral mesothoracic lobes being almost smooth ; the wings are hyaline, the veins as 
 in H. howardi except paler in color. The abdomeii is ovate, pointed at apex, on 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATIOX OF THE CHAI.CID FLIES 475 
 
 account of the sheaths of the ovipositor projecting slightly, but not longer than the 
 thorax. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. 
 
 Subfamily II. Thidymin^. 
 Tribe I. Tridiiiaini. 
 
 Genus GASTRANCISTRUS Westwood. 
 GASTR.4NCISTRUS CEPHALON Walker. 
 
 Gastranclstrm cephalou Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 30, 9.— 
 Spinola, Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 401, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hyni., v., 1898, p. 203. 
 Chile : Conception (C. Darwin). 
 
 • GASTRANCISTRUS FULGINAS Walker. 
 
 Gaafraiicistru.s falyinas Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 85, 9. — Dalla Torre 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 203. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 GASTRANCISTRUS POLLES Walker. 
 
 Gustrancisfrus 2^oUcs Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 180, 9.— 
 Spinola, Gay^s Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 460, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 204. 
 Chile : Coquimbo (C. I)ar\vin). 
 
 GASTRANCISTRUS VONONES Walker. 
 
 Gustraiicidrus roiioiics Walker, Monogr. Chalcid., II., 1839, p. 67, cT — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 205. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Genus ^POCERUS Mayr. 
 /Epocerus emarginatus Mayr. 
 jEpocerus emarginatus Maj'er, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXV., 1885, p. 244, 
 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 315. 
 Brazil: St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 ..Epocerus excavatus Mayr. 
 jEpoccrus excarafiis Mayr., \'erh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXX\'., 1885, p. 243, 
 9 J^.^ Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 315. 
 Brazil : St. ( 'atharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
476 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 yEpOCERUS FLAVOMACULATUS Mayr. 
 
 jEpocerus jldvomaculatus Ma}'!-, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXV., 1885, p. 244, 
 cf. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 316. 
 Brazil : St. Catharina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 .ffiPOCEKUS INFLATICEPS MajT. 
 
 Mpocerus inflaticcjis Mayr, Verb, zool.-bot. Gosell. Wien., XXXV., 1885, p. 245 ; T. 
 16, f. 45.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 310. 
 Brazil : St. Catbarina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 ^POCEEUS PUNCTIPENNIS Mayr. 
 
 jEpocerus imnctipennis Mayr, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXV., 1885, ]y. 245, 
 (j^.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 245. 
 Brazil : St. Catbarina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 ^Epocerus simplex Mayr. 
 
 ^pocerus simplex Mayr, Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., XXXV., 1885, p. 244, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 31 G. 
 Brazil : St. Catbarina (Dr. Fritz Miiller). 
 
 Tribe II. MeUistenini. 
 
 Genus LYRCUS Walker. 
 Lyrcus oeigo Walker. 
 
 Lijrms origo Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 9.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 415. 
 Cbile : Valparaiso (C. Darwin). 
 
 Subfamily III. Miscogastekin^e. 
 Tribe I. Halticopterini. 
 
 Genus HALTICOPTERA Spinola. 
 Halticopteea cleodora (Walker). 
 
 Pachijlarthrus cleodora Walker, Ann. ct Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 116, c?. 
 Halilcoptera cleodora Dalla Torre, (.'at. Hym., ^'., 1898, p. 197. 
 Peru : Lima (C. Darwin). 
 
 HALTICOPTERA HERSE (Walker). 
 
 Pachylarthrus herse Walker, Monogr. Cbalc, IL, 1839, p. 82, c?. 
 Halticoptera herse Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 198. 
 Cbile: Cbiloe. 
 
ASIIMKAU : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIAI-CID FLIES 477 
 
 Halticoptkra sariastkk (Walker). 
 
 Faclii/hirlhnis s„ri„ster Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, X., 1842, p. 271, 9cf. 
 Halticoptcra mriaster Dalla Torre, Cut. Hym., V., 1S98, p. 199. 
 Chile : Valdivia (C. Darwin). 
 
 Genus DICYLUS Walker. 
 DiCYLtis ARIJUINE Walker. 
 
 Dicyhis anivluc Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hi.st., XL, 1843, j). 115, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hyni., V. 1898, p. 200. 
 Peru : Lima (C. Darwin). 
 
 J)ICYLUS LYNA.STE.S Walkcl'. 
 
 Dicijlns Ii/nasff's Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.. X., 1842, p. 271, 9.— Spinola, 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Cliile, ZooL, VL, 1851, p. 457. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., V., 
 1898, p. 200. 
 Chile : Valdivia (C. Darwin). 
 
 Tribe II. 3Ilsco(j(isferini. 
 
 Genus LAMPllOTATUS Wcstwood. 
 
 Lamprotatus alcandek Walker. 
 
 Lamprotaim alcander Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIL, 1843, p. 30, cf. — 
 
 Spinola, Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 452, J'. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 187. 
 
 Chile. 
 
 Lamprotatus hisaltes Walker. 
 
 Lamprotatus bisaUcs Walker, Ann. it Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, c?. — Spinola 
 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 455, d". — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 187. 
 
 Chile : Valdivia (C. Darwin). 
 
 Lamprotatus ciKCiNA AValker. 
 Larnirrotatus CTchia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 1 14, 9. — Spinola, 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 452, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 187. 
 Chile : Valparaiso (C. Darwin). 
 
 Lamprotatus dioxippes (Walker). 
 Miacogadcr dioxippes Walker, Monogr. Chalc., II., 1839, p. 67, 9. 
 Lamprotatus dioxippes Walker, List Chalc. l?rit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 33. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 189. 
 Brazil : l»ahia. 
 
478 MEMOIRS OF THE CARXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Lamprotatus cleus Walker. 
 
 Miscogaster dens Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 85, 9- 
 
 Lnmpwtatus cicus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 33. — Dalla Turre, 
 
 Cat. Hyni., V., 1898, p. 189. 
 
 Chile: Chiloe. 
 
 Lampeotatus hages Walker. 
 
 Miscoijasfer hages Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 83, d. 
 
 Lamprotat'us hages Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 33. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 451, d". — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym, 
 
 v., 1898, p. 189. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 Lamprotatits n.evolus Walker. 
 
 Lam,protnfiisf nm'olus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 185, cf.— 
 Spinola, Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 456, o^ .— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 191. 
 Chile : Coquimbo (C. Darwin). 
 
 Lampeotatus natta Walker. 
 Lamproiatns vatta Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 271, c?. — Spinola, 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 455, c?.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 191. 
 Chile : Valdivia (C. Darwin). 
 
 Lampeotatus numitus Walker. 
 Lamprotatits nuvntus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 184, d".— 
 Spinola, Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 453, c?.— Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 191. 
 Chile : Isle Chonos (C. Darwin). 
 
 Lampeotatus oeobia Walker. 
 iMmprotatus orohia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, 9. — Spinola, 
 (4ay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 454, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 191. 
 Chile: Valdivia ((J. Darwin). 
 
 Lampeotatu.s tubero Walker. 
 Lamproiatus tuhero Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 185, 9.— Spinola, 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 450, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 193. 
 Chile : Coquimbo (C. Darwin). 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THK CHAI.CID FI,ir,S 479 
 
 Gcmis SELADERMA Walker. 
 Seladerma ei'ULO Walker. 
 Sdadcrma cpitio Walker, Monogr. (Jhalc, II., 1839, p. 86, V. — Spinohi, (iay's 
 Hist. fis. Chile', Zool., VI., 1851, p. 449, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 194. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 Genus MISCOGASTKK Walker. 
 
 MiscotiASTEK APHAKEua Walker. 
 
 Miscogaster aphairtis Walker, Monogr. C'lialc, II., 1839, p. 83, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hyra., V., 1S9S, p. 195. 
 
 Chile: Chilue. 
 
 Miscogaster nicetas Walker. 
 
 Miscuij aster niaia^i Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1S;;9, p. 84, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 195. 
 
 Chile: Chiloe. 
 
 MISC0C4ASTER TYCHE Walker. 
 
 Miscogaster tyche Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IT., 1839, p. 84, cf. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 198. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 Subfamily IV. Lelai'in.e. 
 
 Geuus LELAPS Haliday. 
 Lelaps avicula llaliday. 
 
 Lelaps avicula Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 300, c?. 
 Lxlaps avicula Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
 Brazil. 
 
 IjEI,ap.'< cali-isto (Marshall). 
 
 Lielaps eallisto Marshall, Ann. soc. ent. France, LXL, 1892, p. 73 ; PI. 4, f. 3.— 
 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
 
 Venezuela. 
 
 Lelaps decorata Walker. 
 
 Lelaps, h CO rata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 390, 9. 
 
 Lielaps decorata Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
 
 Brazil : Ega. 
 
 Lelaps picta Walker. 
 
 Lelaps pi el a Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 390, 9. 
 
 Lxlaps picta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 184. 
 
 Brazil : Ega. 
 
 Lelaps apicalis sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 nmi. Head, thorax and abdomen pale ferruginous, the base 
 
 of the abdomen and Ihe stylus black ; scape, pedicel and antennal clul) pale yel- 
 
480 MEMOIRS OK THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 lowish, the funicle black ; legs, including coxee, flavo-testaceous. Wings hyaline, 
 with a curved fuscous streak at basal third, a large fuscous s^wt beyond this, includ- 
 ing the disk, connected with the basal nervure and extending to the hind margin ; 
 there is a large hyaline spot beneath the marginal vein and the apex of the stigmal 
 vein ; another triangular hyahne spot at the hind margin, while the apex of the 
 wing is also hyaline. The head and thorax are opaquely punctate, without striae ; 
 the abdomen is conic-ovate, smooth and polished and terminates in a black, sub- 
 compressed stylus. The antennae are subclavate, not long, the flagellum being only 
 about twice the length of the scape, the last three joints of the funicle a little wider 
 than long. 
 
 Brazil : Cliapada, in August. 
 
 Lelaps affinis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen, except the tip of the 
 stylus which is black, pale ferruginous ; scape, pedicel, first three joints of funicle, 
 the last joint of funicle, and the club, pale yellowish or whitish ; legs, including the 
 coxae, flavo-testaceous, the coxae and tarsi however tinged with white. Front wings 
 hyaline, with a fuscous band across from the base of the marginal vein and enclos- 
 ing the basal part of the stigmal vein ; this is followed by a hyaline transverse band 
 and then by another narrow transverse fuscous band ; the apex of the wing is hya- 
 line. The head and thorax are finely opaquely sculptured ; the face above the in- 
 sertion of the antennae is finely, transversely aciculate, but smooth near the eye 
 margin ; the axillae are finely longitudinally aciculate. The abdomen is shaped as 
 in I J. apicalis. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Lelaps feeeuginea, .sp. nov. 
 
 J Female. — Length 3.6-4 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen, pale ferruginous, 
 
 the extreme tip of the stylus black ; antennae pale yellowish with the two last joints 
 
 of the funicle and the club black ; the funicle, without the pedicel, is fully three 
 
 times as long as the scape ; legs, including the coxae, pale flavo-testaceous, the 
 
 coxte and the tarsi tinged with whitish, the hind tibiae fuscous or subfuscous. Front 
 
 wings mostly fuscous, the l)ase and tips hyaline and with two wedge-shaped hyaline 
 
 spots vis-il-vis across the disk, just beyond the stigmal vein, their points meeting. 
 
 The head and thorax are sculptured as in L. affinis except that the axilUe are not 
 
 longitudinally aciculate and the posterior half of the mesopleura is perfectly smooth 
 
 and highly polished. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 481 
 
 Lelaps ^neiceps, sp. nov. 
 
 Fcnidlc. — Length 3.5-4 mm. Head reiioous black, the thorax and the abdo- 
 men frrniginous, the middle lobe of the scutellum basally, a band across the middle 
 of the abdomen and the tip of the stylus, black ; face striate ; antennae pale yellow- 
 ish, with the last four or five joints of the funicle black ; the flagellum is long, fully 
 three times as long as the scape, the joints long, the last joint of the funicle only a 
 little longer than thick, but the shortest joint ; legs pale yellowish, the coxtc and 
 tarsi whitish, the middle femora sometimes dusky or subfuscous basally. The front 
 wings are hyaline, with the apex fuscous ; there is also a faint fuscous streak across 
 from the origin of the marginal vein. The abdomen is conic-ovate, produced into 
 a rather Jong stylus at apex ; the stylus is compressed towards apex and about as 
 long as the large second segment, the second segment blackish or fuscous at apex. 
 
 Brazil : ( 'liapada and Santarem. 
 
 Lelaps halidayi, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 10.5 mm. Head and thorax seneous l)lack, with a faint 
 purplish tinge in certain lights ; face coarsely striate ; pronotum transversely striate, 
 the striae coarser on the collar ; niesonotum anteriorly delicately transversely striate, 
 the lobes posteriorly roughly punctured ; scutellum striate ; metanotum rugulose, 
 bifoveolate at base. The antennae are long, black, the scape metallic black but more 
 or less testaceous beneath ; the tiagellum is about thrice as long as the scape, sub- 
 clavate, pubescent, the joints elongate. The legs are testaceous, the front and hind 
 coxae and trochanters, base of middle tibiae and the tarsi basally are yellowish-white, 
 the front tibiae at apex and the hind tibitc at apical two thirds are fuscous. The 
 abdomen is rufous and terminates in a long stylus, the sheaths of the ovipositor 
 being black. The front wings are hyaline, with a large triangular fuscous spot on 
 the disk, a large oval fuscous spot at apex and a small fuscous spot at the origin of 
 the marginal vein. 
 
 Brazil : Rio do .Fanciro, in (Jctober. 
 
 Dedicated to the memory of \. H. Haliday, Es(j., the describer of the genus, 
 and wluj did so much to advance tlie knowledge of tlie parasitic Hymenoptera. 
 
 Lelaps abdominalis, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXVI, Fi- 1.) 
 
 F(in(ile. — Length S.5 mm. Head and i»ronotum dark blue, the rest of the 
 
 thorax black or a>neous black ; abdomen red, with the extreme apex black ; scape 
 
 and pedicel of the anteima! and the legs j)ale testaceous, the tips of the coxte, 
 
 sutures of trochanters, knees and tarsi l.)asally, more or less whitish, the tips of the 
 
482 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 middle and hind tibise fuscous. The front wings are very similar to those in L. 
 halidayi, only the fuscous spot at the apex extends all across the wing and leaving 
 a whitish band between it and the apex of the stignial vein. The face, pronotum 
 and scutellum are coarsely striate. 
 Brazil : P. Branca, in April. 
 
 Lelaps bimaculata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3-4 mm. Head and thorax aeneous black, the thorax above 
 more or less bronzy green, the abdomen polished black ; scape, pedicel, basal two or 
 three joints of the flagellura and most of the legs pale yellowish, the coxpe basally 
 and the femora, especially the front and hind femora, eeneous black or brown, the 
 tips of the coxae, base of tibise and the tarsi basally, whitish. The front wings are 
 hyaline, with a fuscous spot at apex and another beneath and including the stigmal 
 vein. The abdomen, with its long stylus, is longer than the head and thorax 
 united, the stylus alone being about two thirds the length of the body of the 
 abdomen. The head is shining, with the face delicately longitudinally striate ; the 
 thorax is sculptured, the base of the mesonotum, the axillae and the apex of the 
 scutellum being striate. The antennae are long, the flagellum being subclavate and 
 more than three times the length of the scape, the funicle joints all longer than 
 thick, the basal joints the longest. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Santarem ; and P. Branca. 
 
 Lelaps stylata, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 5.5-6 mm. Head and thorax seneous black, the thorax 
 above sometimes bronzed green, the alidomen polished black, ending in a long 
 stylus, which is as long as or a little longer than the body of the abdomen ; scape, 
 base of flagellum and sometimes the tip, and most of the legs, except as noted, pale 
 yellowish, the front and middle coxse basally, and the front femora, brown or black, 
 the hind femora, except basally and at tips, subfuscous, the tips of hind tibiae dusky, 
 the hind coxae, trochanters, all tibiae more or less and especially basally, and all tarsi 
 basally, more or less white or tinged with white ; the stylus is sometimes testaceous 
 basally or with only the apex black, more rarely wholly Idack. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Santarem. 
 
ashmead : classification of toe chalcid flies 483 
 
 Family LXVII. CLEONYMID.E. 
 Subfamily I. Chalceoectin/e. 
 
 Genus CHALCEDECTES Walker. 
 Chalcedectes histrionica (WestwooJ). 
 Pohjchro'ina hiMrionica Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141 ; PI. 26, f. C>. 
 Pohichroraaimmhi>^fnomcimi\)ix\\i\'^OYYQ, ('at. HyiiL, V., 1898, p. 18G. 
 Brazil : Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Chalcedectes maculicornis Walker. 
 Chalcedectes macidicornis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1853, p. 47, 9. 
 ChaJcodectes macidicornis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 180. 
 Brazil : Para ; Santarem. Two specimens. 
 
 Chalcedectes regalis (Westwood). 
 I'uhjchroma regalis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141 ; Pi. 26, f. 7. 
 I'lili/chromatium regale Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
 Brazil : Amazon (Bates). 
 
 Chalcedectes sedecimdendatus (Westwood). 
 Pulyckroma sedcchndenfata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 141. 
 Pol ychroviatiiivi sedeciradentatmn'DaWa Torre, (.-at. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Chalcedectes septemdentatus (Westwood). 
 
 Polycliroma septeindentaia Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 142. 
 
 Polychromatium sepiemdentatum. Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 186. 
 
 Brazil : Para (Bates). 
 
 Chalcedectes annulipes, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXVI., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Female. — Length about 7 mm. Metallic purplish and green, with cui)reous 
 tingings, a more decided green spot on the anterior middle of the pronotum and 
 on the disk of the scutellura, the legs metallic greenish and seneous, the hind 
 coxa3 more bluish posteriorly, the three basal joints of the tarsi and a broad band 
 on the hind tibiae at base, white, the terminal joints of tarsi brown or brown 
 black. The wings are hyaline, the veins light brown, the subcostal vein yellow- 
 ish towards apex. The swollen hind femora are armed with about thirteen 
 or fourteen minute teeth. The abdomen is conic-ovate, a little longer than the 
 head and thorax united, depressed. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in January ; Corumba. in May. 
 
484 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Subfamily II. Cleonymin.^. 
 
 Genus LYCISCA Spinola. 
 
 Lycisca apicalis Walker. 
 Lycisca apicaZis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 393, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hyin., V., 1898, p. 231. 
 Brazil : Ega (Bates) ; Santarem. Three specimens. 
 
 Lycisca- hastata Walker. 
 
 Li/cism kfstoto Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 393, 9.— Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
 
 Brazil : Ega (Bates). 
 
 Lycisca ignicauda Westwood. 
 
 (Plate XXXVI., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Lycisca ignicauda Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 148; PI. 27, f. 10. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
 Brazil : Para (Bates) ; Santarem ; Chapada, in November; Corumlia, in April. 
 
 Eight specimens. 
 
 Lycisca maculipennis (Philippi). 
 Proglochin macidi'pemiis Philippi, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XXXIl.. 1871, p. 289; PI. 3, 
 
 f. 3, 3". 
 Lycisca viaculipeimis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 149. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
 Chile : Valdivia, near Los Ulmos. 
 
 Lycisca eaptoria Spiuola. 
 Lycisca rapforia Spinola, Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 18. — Spinola, Mag. de Zool., X., 1840, 
 p. 18, 9 ; PI. 43.— Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Torino (2), XIII., 1851, p. 44, 
 9. — Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 148. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 231. 
 Brazil : Cayenne. 
 
 Lycisca romandii Westwood. 
 
 Lycisca romandii Westwood, Magas. de Zool, XL, 1841, p. 81; PI. 84. — Guerin, 
 
 Iconogr. regn. anim., VII., 1845, p. 416. — Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 
 
 1874, p. 148.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 230. 
 
 Brazil : Cayenne. 
 
 Lycisca westwoodii Gu6rin. 
 
 Lycisca westwoodii Guerin, Iconogr. regn. anim., Yll., Ins., 1845, p. 410. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 231. 
 
 Colombia. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 485 
 
 Genus CLEOXYMUS Latreille. 
 Cleonymus collaris Spinola. 
 Cleonymus collaris Spinola, Mem. accad. so. Torino (2), XIII., 1853, p. 46, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni., V., 1898, p. 182. 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 Genus TRIGOXODERUS Westwood. 
 
 TRIGONODERtJS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXVI., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Fciiuih. — Length 4 mm. Bronzed green, the face in front, the thorax at the 
 sides and beneath, and the coxaj bluish-green ; abdomen elongate, conically pointed, 
 much longer than the head and thorax united, blue-black, with a metallic aeneous 
 tinge at base ; scape, pedical, tegula; and legs, except as noted, honey-yellow, the 
 hind femora dusky ; flagellum brown-black. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
 
 Brazil: ("hapada. in April. One specimen. 
 
 Genus EPISTENIA Westwood. 
 Epi.stenia ^qualis Walker. 
 
 Epktenia sequalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I.. 1862, p. 392, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 
 Brazil : San Paulo. 
 
 Epistenia ania Walker. 
 
 Epistenia ania Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 93, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Epistenia basalk Walker. 
 (Plate XXXV., Fig. .5.) 
 
 Epistenia kts«//.s Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I.. 1862, p. 397, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 177. 
 Brazil : Tapagos (Bates) ; Santarem. Two .specimens. 
 
 Epistenia quadriplacuata Walker. 
 
 Epistenia (puidriplagiata Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 5, 1872, p. 85, 9. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Epistenia .scttata Walker. 
 
 Epistenia scutata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), I., 1862, p. 391, 9. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
 P>razil. 
 
486 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Subfamily III. Pelecinelun.e. 
 
 Genus PELECINELLA Westwood. 
 Pelecinella howardii Ashmead. 
 (Plate XXXVI., Fig. 6.) 
 
 PeledncUa howardii Ashinead, Proc. Ent. See. Wasliingtoii, III., 1895, p. 233, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in November. Two specimens. 
 
 Pelecinella phantasma Westwood. 
 PeledneUa phantasma Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1868, p. xxxv. — West- 
 wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 142 ; PI. 26, f. 8.— Ashmead, Proc. Ent. 
 Soc. Washington, III., 1895, p. 233, 9. 
 Brazil : Amazon (Bates). 
 
 Pelecinella westwoodii Ashmead. 
 Pelcoinella ivestwoudii Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, III., 1895, p. 233, 9. 
 —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 178. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in March ; P. Branca, in April. Two specimens. 
 
 Family LXVII. EN(;YRTID^. 
 
 Subfamily I. Eupelmin.e. 
 
 Tribe I. Ea'pehiiini. 
 
 Genera OODERELLA Ashmead. 
 
 Oodekella smithii Ashmead. 
 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. 1.) 
 
 Ooderella smithii Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 11, Q. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 268. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Genus BRASEMA Cameron. 
 Bbasema rusciPENNis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 7 mm. Uniformly dark blue, closely punctate, the meso- 
 pleura and the coxse. clothed with a white pubescence. Wings fuscous, a little paler 
 at tii)s. Head very broad, lenticular, without antennal furrows ; eyes brown, fointly 
 hairy ; ocelli red, arranged in a triangle; mandibles small, 3-dentate at apex ; legs 
 
ashmkad: ('[^assification of the chalcid fues 487 
 
 concoloruus with the body, the sutures of the trochanters yellowish, the tibise sub- 
 dilated towards apex, the hind tibia) subcorapressed, ending in two short spui-s, the 
 middle tibia; ending in one strong spur, the middle tarsi dilated with joints one to 
 four armed with two rows of black teeth beneath. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Genus IDOLEUPELMUS Ashmead. 
 
 IDOLEUPELMUS ANNULICORNIS Ashmead. 
 
 Hijleupelnius anmdicornis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 13, 
 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 271. 
 Brazil : Santarem. West Indies: St. Vincent. 
 
 Genus MACREUPELMUS Ashmead. 
 
 Macreupelmus brasiliensis Ashmead. 
 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Macreupelmus brasiliensis Ashmead, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV., 1896, p. 14, 
 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 271. 
 Brazil : Santarem. Four specimens. 
 
 Genus ISCHNOPSIS Ashmead. 
 
 ISCHNOPSIS THORACICA Sp. noV. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 mm. Head metallic green, finely punctate, the face with 
 a fine, glittering white pubescence ; eyes black ; antennte, thorax, legs and abdo- 
 men honey-yellow. The abdomen is longer than the head and thorax united, and 
 tinged with fuscous towards apex, the ovipositor short, but distinct. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 ISCHXOPSIP CYANEA sp. noV.. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 mm. Uniformly dark blue, the thorax with a greenish 
 tinge in certain lights, closely finely punctate, and clothed with short, scale-like, 
 white hairs ; the tibial spurs and the tarsi, except toward apex, yellowish-white, the 
 basal joints always white ; eyes large, converging above, brown and faintly pubes- 
 cent. Wings hyaline, veins light brown. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 Genus FATPELMUS Dalman. 
 EuPEi.Mus americanus Spinola. 
 Eupelmm f americanus Spinola, Mem. accad. sc. Torino (2), XIII. , 1851, p. 47. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 273. 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
488 MEMOIUS OK THE CARNECilE MUSEUM 
 
 EUPELMUS AMILLARTJS Walker. 
 
 Euprhms amilhinis Walker, Ent. Mag., V., 1838, p. 475, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 273. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 EuPELMUs BAsicuPREUS Walker. 
 
 Eupehims basiciipreiis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), X., 1852, p. 45, 9. — 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 274. 
 Brazil : Para. 
 
 EUPELMUS EXCELLENS Westwood. 
 
 Eupelmiis excellcns Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 149. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 276. 
 Brazil : Para (Bates). 
 
 EuPELMUS KOEBELEI, sp. IIOV. 
 
 FevKtle. — Length 2.6 mm. Apterous and of a bluish-green color, the head in 
 front gold-green, the abdomen blue-black, with an aeneous tinge, cupreous at base 
 and beneath, the ovipositor yellowish, with a black annulus at base and at tip ; the 
 ovipositor is hardly one third the length of the abdomen ; the pronotum is bluish, 
 with a tuft of long black hairs on the anterior middle above ; legs seneous black, 
 the sutures of the trochanters, tips of all tibise, a spot at base of middle tibiae, and 
 all tarsi, except the last joint, brownish-yellow or yellowish-white. 
 
 Type.—C&t. No. 7660, U. S. N. IVI. 
 
 Brazil : Bonito Prov., Pernamljuco, February, 1883 (Mr. Albert Koebele). 
 
 EUPELMUS ACAUDUS, sp. nOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Metallic green, the head on the vertex and the meso- 
 pleui-a ])lue-green ; scape, pedicel and legs, including the coxae, pale honey-yellow ; 
 flagellum brown-black. The wings are hyaline, with the veins yellowish. The 
 abdomen conic-ovate, as long as the head and thorax united, aeneous black, the 
 ovipositor not prominent, the sheaths yellowish and only slightly projecting beyond 
 the tip of the abdomen. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 EUPELMUS PEOXIMUS, Sp. noV. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.6 mm. ^neous black, the head in front metallic green ; 
 scape aeneous black, the pedicel at apex and beneath yellowish, the flagellum black ; 
 legs, except coxie which are metallic, brownish-yellow, the front femora toward 
 apex faintly dusky. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is 
 elongate, conically pointed, aeneous black, longer than the head and thorax united, 
 the ovipositor not prominent, the sheaths yellowish and only slightly projecting. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OP THE CHALCID FLIES 40y 
 
 ElPELMUS COMPRESSIVENTEIS, Sp. nov. 
 
 Femalr. — Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen 
 and broadly ringed with yellow. Head and thorax blue, with a faint greenish tinge 
 in certain lights, the mesopleura decidedly ceneous ; abdomen compressed, aeneous 
 black ; antennte, except the club, and the legs, except the coxa? basally, brownish- 
 yellow, the hind femora faintly dusky medially. 
 
 Brazil: Corumba, in INIarch. One specimen. 
 
 EuPELSirs APRiLis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor short but distinct, the length of the Ijasal 
 joint of hind tarsi, testaceous. Head and thorax metallic green ; antennfe black, 
 the scape seneous black ; legs except the femora, the hind cox?e, a spot at base of 
 the front tibiae outwardly, straw-yellow. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
 The abdomen is elongate, conicully pointed, longer than the head and thorax united 
 and tcneous black. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 EuPELMtTS CHAPADA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.8 mm.; ovipositor projecting, not ringed with yellow, but 
 with the tip brownish. Head, thorax and abdomen metallic green, the mesopleura 
 with a purplish tinge ; antenna? except a narrow annulus at the apex of the pedicel, 
 wholly back ; legs, except the front and hind coxse, pale ferruginous or brownish- 
 yellow. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is conically 
 pointed, longer than the head and the thorax united. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 EUPELMUS .SANTAKEMENSIS, sp. noV. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.5 mm.; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen, 
 ringed with yellow. Head and thorax blue or bluish-green, the head in front and the 
 mesonotal ridges metaUic-green ; scape and ah annulus at the apex of the pedicel, 
 yellow ; legs, except the front and the hind coxa? and more or less of their femora 
 which are metallic blue or blue-green, pule ferruginous or brownish-yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 EuPELMUS I'EKSIMILTS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — liength 4 mm.; ovipositor prominent, broadly ringed with yellowish- 
 white. This species is allied to E. mntaremensi^ but it is slightly larger, the lateral 
 ridges of the mesonotum, the elevated basal part of the middle lobe and the scu- 
 tellum are more decidedly gold-green ; the disk of the mesopleura is greener ; the 
 antennse, except the clulj, are wholly yellow ; while the legs, excc])t the eoxte and a 
 
490 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 streak on the hind femora, are pale ferruginous, the apex of the hind tibiae and their 
 tarsi being white. 
 
 Brazil : Corurnba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 EUPELMVH COKUMB>E, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Ivcngth 2.5 mm.; ovipositor short, not ringed with white. Bluish- 
 green, the anterior part of the middle mesothonicic loVje and the mesopleura pos- 
 teriorly more decidedly green ; antennae, except the scape beneath, black ; legs me- 
 tallic brown, the coxte blue-green, the trochanters, knees and base and tips of tiVjife, 
 yellowish, the tibial spurs and the tarsi, except the last two joints, white or yellow- 
 ish-white. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Corurnba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Elpklmus uxifabciatcs, 8p. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.8 nnn.; ovipositor prominent, more than one third the length 
 of the abdomen, yellowish basally, brownish towards tip but with the extreme tip 
 yellowish. Blue, with a glittering white pubescence ; prothc^rax and the lateral 
 lobes of the mesonotum gold-green ; antennae black, the scape subcom pressed, me- 
 tallic aeneous, legs tcneous or bronzed, the sutures of the trochanters and the knees 
 testaceous, the middle and hind tarsi basally whitish. Wings subfuscous, hyaline at 
 base and with a narrow transverse band from before the origin of the stigmal vein. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in August. One specimen. 
 
 EUPELMUH SIMILLIMU8, 8p. IIOV. 
 
 Fermle. — Length 2 mm. ; ovipositor prominent, with a broad yellowish band. 
 Metallic green ; head above smooth, aineous black ; palpi white ; front wings with 
 the apical two thirds fuscous, the fuscous part with two oblique white spots, vis-o^vif, 
 one extending from the front margin just Ijefore the stigmal vein, the other just 
 oppo.site it on the hind margin, as in the West Indian E. allxjmaeulalus ; legs metallic 
 brownish, the apices of the coxaj, the trochanters, the front and middle femora 
 beneath, and the rest of the legs, except tlie ba.se of the front and middle tibisc out- 
 wardly, white or wliitish. 
 
 Brazil: < 'bujcida, in Ajtrii. One specimen. 
 
 Eri'KI-.MUH MAGNICLAVATUS, Kp. noV. 
 
 FmiAik. — Ijcngth 4.5 nun. ; ovipositor short, only about two thirds the ](;ngth 
 the basal joint of hind tarsi, and yellowish-white. Blue, closely, finely punctate, 
 the mesonotal depression greenish ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud extending 
 from the tip of tlie stigmal vein into tlie discoida! region, tlicn curving backwards 
 
aj;hmf.ad : classification of the chalcid flies 491 
 
 and connected with a faint cloud that extends from the base of the marginal vein ; 
 antennie jeneous black, ending in a large stout club which is nearly as long as the 
 scape, the last four joints of the funicle being much wider than long; legs igneous 
 black, the trochanters, or at least along the sutures, yellowish. 
 Brazil : Santareni. One sj^ecimen. 
 
 Lrt>iius PHLEBOPEXES Perty. 
 Phlebopexes basilica (Marshall). 
 Prionopelma basilica ^Marshall, Ann. soc. ent. France, XLI.. 1892. p. 71 : PI. 4, f. 2. 
 Phl€bopene-s basilica Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni.. V., 1898. p. 279. 
 \'enezuela : San Esteban. 
 
 Phlebopenes consors (Walker). 
 
 Prionopelma consors Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (:i), 1., 1862, p. 895, 9. 
 Phlebopeiies consors Dalla Torre, Cat. Hyni.. \'.. 1898, p. 279. 
 Colombia : New Grenada. 
 
 Phlebopenes loniuc.\cd.\t.\ (AVestwood). 
 Prionopelma longicaudata Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon.. 1874, p. 145, V : PI. 27, 
 
 f. 4. 
 Phleboj)enes longicaudata Dalla Torre. Cat. llym.. \'.. 1898. p. 279. 
 Brazil : Para (Bates). 
 
 Phlebopenes longicollis Westwood. 
 Prionopelma longicollis Westwood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874. p. 14.3 : T. 27, f. 1. 
 Phlebopenes longicollis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym.. V., 1898, p. 279. 
 Brazil : Para (Bates): C^hapada. One specimen. 
 
 Phlebopexe? loxgifica (Walker). 
 Prionopelma longifica Walker, Notes on Chalc, Pt. 5, 1872. p. 84, V. 
 Phlebopenes longijica Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym.. V., 1898, p. 297. 
 Brazil: Para (Bates): Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Phlebopenes purpike-v (Walker). 
 Prionopelma purpurea Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3). 1., 18G2, p. 395, V ". 
 Phlebopenes purpurea l)alla Torre, Cat. Hyni.. V.. 1898, p. 279. 
 Bi-azil: Tapayos and Ega (Bates). 
 
 Phlebopenes splendens (Walker). 
 Prionopelma splemhns Walker. Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3), 1.. 1802, p. 390, cf. 
 Phlebopenes splendens DaWa Torro, ("at. llym., \'., 1898, p. 279. 
 Brazil : Villa Nova (Bates). 
 
492 ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 
 
 Phlebopenes splendidus Perty. 
 Phlebopenes splendichis Perty, Delectus, anim. Artie. Bvasil., 1833, p. 132; T. 2G, f. 
 11.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 279. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Phlebopenes vieidis (Westwood). 
 Prionopelma viridis Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 111., 1835, p. 51. — West- 
 wood, Thesaur. ent. Oxon., 1874, p. 144. 
 Phlehoj>enes viridis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 279. 
 Brazil. 
 
 Phlebopenes abdominalis, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length to tip of abdomen 8.5-9 mm.; ovipositor about 25 or 26 
 mm. long. Head and thorax blue, with faint greenish tingings in certain lights ; 
 antennae black, the scape subcompressed, seneous black ; legs, except the coxse, and 
 abdomen pale ferruginous, the long ovipositor being black. Wings hyaline, the 
 veins brownish. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro, in November. One specimen. 
 
 Phlebopenes peetyi, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Female. — Length to tip of abdomen about 9 mm.; ovipositor about 27 mm. 
 long. Head and thorax blue, the ridges of the mesonotum tinged with a?neous ; 
 antennae black ; the presternum, the legs, including all coxa?, and the abdomen 
 pale ferruginous, the abdomen of a darker red. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 This species resembles P. abdominalis, but is easily separated by the color of the 
 coxae. 
 
 ENCYRTASPIS Ashmeatl, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is at once recognized by the tuft of long black hairs on the scutellum 
 as in the genus Encyrtus Latreille {=C'omys Forster), by the shape of the head, the 
 scrobes being very short, hardly impressed, and by the alxlomen, which has the 
 hypopygium prominent and ends in a long ovipositor. 
 
 Encyrtaspis brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. 4.) 
 Female. — Length about 4 mm.; ovipositor longer than the body, with a broad 
 white band before the apex. Blue with greenish reflections, the head in front 
 teneous, the abdomen aaneous black, with a testaceous band near the base, the scu- 
 tellum red with a tuft of long black hairs. The antennte, except the last two or 
 
A8HMEAD: CLASSIFICATION OF TIIK criAI.CIl) FLIES 493 
 
 three joints of the funicle and the club which are black or dark fuscous, are yellow- 
 ish ; the legs are l)rownish or fuscous, the trochanters yellowish, the hind tibiae 
 compressed, the hind margin of same being white ; joints one to three of the mid- 
 dle tarsi and joints two and three and apex of joint one of the hind tarsi white. 
 The front wings, except the basal one third and tlie apical one fourth, fuscous, the 
 base and apex hyaline. 
 
 Tijpe.—Csii. No. 7661, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Pernambuco. (Mr. Albert Koeljele.) 
 
 Genus ANASTATUS Motsehulsky. 
 TABLE OF SPECIES. 
 
 1. Thorax and abdomen mostly metallic blue or green 2 
 
 Thorax and abdomen honey-yellow, or for the greater part. 
 
 Thorax honey-yellow ; head gold-green, closely punctate ; front wings subfuscous, the basal third 
 a transverse band before the apex and two triangular sjiots, vis-d-vis, beneath the marginal 
 vein, hyaline or white A. auriceps, sp. nov. 
 
 Thorax yellowish but with the middle mesothoraeic lobe and the metanotum bluish-green ; head 
 metallic green, closely punctate ; front wings fuscous, with a band at base, and another across 
 from the base of the stigmal vein, hyaline A. coreophagus, sp. nov. 
 
 2. Metallic blue-green or bluish 3 
 
 Metallic green, the disk of the mesonotiuii purplish, the mcsopleura posteriorly, the ridge in front of the 
 
 tegulse, and a band at base of the abdomen honey-yellow ; front wings subfuscous, the basal third 
 and a transverse band across from the marginal vein, hyaline or white A. pleuralis, sp. nov. 
 
 3. Collar and base of abdomen not yellow 4 
 
 Collar and base of abdomen yellow or whitish. 
 
 Head gold-green ; front wings fuscous with tlie bas^al third, and a l)and across from before the stig- 
 mal vein, hyaline A. basulis, sp. nov. 
 
 4. Abdomen linely punctate or .shagreened, with a yellowish band at base ; front wings fuscous, paler at 
 
 tips, the basal third hyaline, tlie disk with a narrow transverse band from the apex of the marginal 
 
 vein A. piniclivenlris, sp. nov. 
 
 Abdomen smooth, neneous black ; front wings fuscous, the basal third, and a transverse band across the 
 disk before the origin of the stigmal vein, hyaline .1. tmifascialus, sp. nov. 
 
 Anastatiis AdiiiCEP.s, sp. nov. 
 
 Fcinnlc. — Length 2.5-3 mm. Head metallic gold-green, j»unctate, tlie tliorax, 
 abdomen, legs and antenna?, except the clul), honey-yellow, the palpi white. 
 
 'i'he thorax and abdomen are smooth, impunctate ; the metathorax has a me- 
 tallic band at base, enclosing the spiracles and on the dorsum of the abdomen later- 
 all}' are a few fuscous spots. The antenntie, except tlie club, are yellow, the flagellum 
 subclavate, twice the length of the scape. The front wings are subfuscous, with the 
 basal third, a transverse band before apex, and two triangular spots vis-a-vis beneath 
 the marginal vein, hj'aline or whitish. 
 
494 MEMOIRS OK THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, lowlands in JIarch ; Chapada, in April. The specimen from 
 Chapada is the smaller, but agrees well with the other, except the flagellnm is fuscous 
 from the third joint and there is a bluish-green spot on the disk of the mesonotum. 
 
 AnASTATUS COREOPHACi U.S, SJ). IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.4 mm. Head gold-green, closely punctate ; thorax, except 
 the middle mesothoracic lobe and the metanotuni, which are bluish-green, and the 
 abdomen yellowish or honey-yellow ; antennfe, except the scape, pedicel and first 
 two or three joints of the funicle, which are yellowish or yellowish-white, black or 
 brown-black ; legs yellowish, the tarsi, except the last joint, paler. Front wings, 
 except at base and a transverse band across from tlie base of the stigmal vein, 
 fuscous, at base and the band hyaline or whitisli. 
 
 Type.— Cat. No. 7664, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil: Pernambuco. Bred June 12, 1883, by Mr. Albert Koebele, from the 
 eggs on an unknown coreid. 
 
 Anastatus pleuralis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.6 mm. Metallic green, the disk of the mesonotum and the 
 mesopleura anteriorly purplish or bluish-green ; the scape, the ridge in front of the 
 tegulfe, the tegulfe, the mesopleura posteriorly, a broad band at base of abdomen, 
 and the legs, except as noted, honey-yellow ; the front femora above faintly, a 
 narrow stripe on the middle femora above, the hind femora and tibiae above, and 
 the basal joint of hind tarsi, are brown or fuscous ; the middle coxae basally and the 
 hind coxee are metallic. Front wings subfuscous, the basal third and a band across 
 the disk from the middle of the marginal vein, hyaline or whitish. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Anastatus basalts, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4.2 mm. Blue-green ; the prothorax, scape and legs, yellowish 
 or pale ferruginous, the middle til)i0e and the hind femora and tibiae more or less 
 brown or fuscous, the tarsi whitish ; abdomen aeneous black, with a broad whitish 
 band at base. Front wings with the apical two thirds, except a narrow whitisli 
 band across from the marginal vein, fuscous, the basal third hyaline. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in August. One specinien. 
 
 Anastatus punctiventeis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 4 mm. Metallic blue-green, more decidedly green on the disk 
 
 of the mesonotum anteriorly and on the vertex ; the whole body, including the 
 
 abdomen, is closely punctate. The scape, pedicel, first three or four joints of the 
 
 flagellum, and a band at the base of the abdomen, are lioney-yellow ; legs brownish 
 
aphmead: classification of tiik citalcid fmes 495 
 
 or fuscous, the front trochanters, a spot on the knees, a stripe on the middle tibife 
 beneath and the hind femora beneath, yellowish. The front wings, except the basal 
 third and a narrow transvei-se band on the disk from near the apex of the marginal 
 vein, are fuscous, the l>asal third and the narrow transverse band being hyaline or 
 whitish. 
 
 Type. — Cat No. 76G2, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada ; Bahia (Mr. A. Koebele). 
 
 This is the only species known in this genus with a [)unctato abdomen. The 
 specimens from Bahia were bred in IMarch, 188.3, by Mr. Albert Koebele, from the 
 eggs of an unknown locustid. 
 
 Anastatis rXIFASriATUS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length about 5 mm. Dark blue-green, the vertex anil disk of the 
 mesonotum more decidedly green ; scape yellow, the flagellum, including the pedi- 
 cel, brown-black, the club with a whitish spot on the oblique truncature ; legs dark 
 brown or fuscous, the front and middle tarsi and joints two to four of hind tarsi be- 
 neath, yellowish-white. Wings much as in A. ba.'ialis. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 Tiur.K 11. Tanaodigmini. 
 Trichencyrtus iVshmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is allied to Tanaostigimdes Ashmead, and resenildes it in shape, but 
 the body is not bare, as in that genus, but clothed with short, scale-like, white hairs. 
 It is also easily separated by the difference in the antenna^ the scape being subcom- 
 pressed, the funicle joints one to three being wider than long. In Tanaudigmodes 
 the funicle joints are cylindrical and longer than wide. 
 
 Tricukncyrtus ROBrsTu.s, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. .^.) 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Robust, asneous black, with iiiftallic l)hiish reflections 
 in certain lights, the whole body clothed with short, scale-like white hairs, the head 
 with a white band across the lower part of the face and extending on to the cheeks 
 Ijack of the eyes ; there is also another slender white line above this, on each side ; 
 extending from the insertion of each antenna to the eye margin ; the very short 
 pronotum has a triangular white spot on each side ; the front tarsi, or at least more 
 or less beneath, and the short sheaths of the ovipositor, are testaceous. The scape 
 of the antennae is flat, dilated, feneous black, the flagellum dull black, pubescent, 
 the basal joints wider than long. Tiio wings are hyaline, tlic costal cell broad, the 
 
496 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 veins light brown, the stigmal vein long, ending in a small knob, the postmarginal 
 much shorter than the stigmal. 
 
 Brazil: Chapada, in April. One specimen 
 
 Subfamily II. Encyrtin^. 
 Tribe III. Mirini. 
 
 Genus PARENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
 
 Pakencyrtus beasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXVII., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Parencyrtiis brasiliensis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 368, 9. 
 Brazil : Chapada. 
 
 Genus ^NASIUS Walker. 
 
 .iEnasius CHAPAD.ffi Ashmead. 
 
 (Plate XXX\aiI., Fig. 1.) 
 
 JEnasius chapadse. Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 371, 9. 
 Brazil : Chapada. 
 
 Genus BOTHRIOTHORAX Ratzeburg. 
 
 BOTHRIOTHOKAX BEASILIENSIS, sp. noV. 
 
 Male. — Length 1.8 mm. iEneous black, the head and thorax with close, 
 thimble-like punctures, sj^arser on the scutellum ; the antennre are brownish-yellow 
 the first four joints of the flagellum slightly emarginate at apex, with long hairs ; 
 the legs are teneous black, the front femora toward apex, the apex of the middle 
 femora, front and middle tibise and tarsi, and the hind tarsi, yellowish. Wings 
 hyaline, the veins light brownish, the postmarginal vein only slightly developed. 
 The abdomen in outline is triangular ; shorter than the thorax, depressed and eeneous. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in September. One specimen. 
 
 Genus HEMENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
 
 Hemencyetus herbeetii Ashmead. 
 
 (Plate XXXVIII., Fig. 2.) 
 
 Heniencipius herbcrtii Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 375, 9. 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in August and November. 
 
 Genus HEXACLADIA Ashmead. 
 HexacladJa smithii Ashmead. 
 
 Hexacladia miithli Ashmead, Ins. Life, III., 189i, p. 456, 96". — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 230. —Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, 
 p. 377. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 497 
 
 Genus APHIDENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
 Aphidencyrtus kpytus (Walker). 
 
 Enq/rlns epytus Walker, Monogr. Chalcid., II., 1839, p. 69, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 258. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Aphidencyrtits uka.siliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Male. — liength 0.8 mm. ^Eneous black, nearly smooth, the abdomen triangular 
 with a metallic luster ; antennse brownish-yellow, the joints of the funicle oval, with 
 long hairs ; legs, except the coxfe and the femora, honey yellow, the coxoa black, the 
 femora brown. Wings hyaline, the veins brown, tlie stignial vein about twice as 
 long as the marginal. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Genus C'OCCIDENCYRTUS Ashmead. 
 (?) COCCIDENCYRTUS VITIS Gu6rill. 
 
 EncijrtiC'i rifis Guerin, Iconogr. regne anim., VII., Ins., 1845, p. 416, cT ; T. 67, f. 
 14.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 265. 
 15razil. 
 
 Subfamily III. Signii'horin.i-:. 
 
 Genus SIGNIPHORA Ashmead. 
 SiGNiPHORA NOACKi Ashmead. 
 
 Signiphora noackl Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXll., 1900, p. 410, 9. 
 Brazil : San Paulo. 
 T,ii>r.—r?ii. No. 4793, U. S. N. M. 
 
 SKiNii'iloRA RHizococci Ashiuead. 
 
 Signiphora rhizocucci A.^]\\\\eiii\, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XXII., 1900, p. 411, 9. 
 Brazil : Minas Geras. 
 Ti/pe.— Cat. No. 4858, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Family LX I X. PTEROM A 1 .1 D/E. 
 
 Subfamily I. Pteromalin^i;;. 
 
 Tribe I. Metaponini. 
 
 Genus METOPON Walker. 
 
 MeTOPON BRA8ILIENSE, sp. nOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Metallic bronze-green, the head and thorax closely 
 punctate, the abdomen with a brassy tinge, except the Hagellum, the antenna?, and 
 
498 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 legs, except the coxae, honey yellow, the flagellum strongly clavate, pale brown, the 
 joints after the second wider than long, the last funicle joint being more than three 
 times as wide as long. The metathorax is almost smooth with a delicate median 
 carina which is forked on the produced neck ; no transverse fold on the metano- 
 tum. Wings h3^a1ine, the veins yellowish. Abdomen ovate, not longer than the 
 thorax, subcompressed beneath towards apex. 
 
 Male. — Length 2.5 mm. Agrees with female in color but easily recognized by 
 the antennae, the flagellum being long, filiform, the joints of the funicle being 
 briefly pedicellate, with moderately long hairs. 
 
 Brazil : Corumlja, in May ; Santarem. One male and three female specimens. 
 
 Metopon magniclavatum, sp. nov. 
 
 Feiiude. — Length 3 mm. Bronzed black, with a purplish tinge, the head and 
 thorax closely punctate, the abdomen conically pointed, longer than the head and 
 thorax united, aeneous black ; the scape, pedicel and legs, except coxae, honey yel- 
 low, the flagellum black, the club greatly enlarged and as long as the })edicel and 
 funicle joints united. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Quite different from all other species known by the greatly enlarged antennal, 
 club and by the conically produced abdomen. 
 
 ACANTHOMETOPON Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 Allied to Metopon Walker, but easily separated hy the spined scutellum and by 
 the flagellum having only iivo ring-joints. 
 
 ACANTHOMETOPON CLAVICOENE, Sp. noV. 
 
 (Plate XXXVIII., Fig. 3.) 
 
 Female. — Length 3.8 mm. Bronzed green, closely punctate, the first six joints 
 of the antenna} and the legs honey yellow, the rest of the antennae black or brown- 
 black. Abdomen compressed, the ventral valve prominent ; ahovc it has a brassy 
 tinge, heneafh towards apex and the ventral valve yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Tribe III. E^itelini. 
 
 Genus PLAYTERMA Walker. 
 Playterma nephele Walker. 
 
 Flatijterma nejjhek Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 186, c^. 
 Chile : Coquimbo. 
 
ashmead: classification of the chalcid fijes 499 
 
 Tribe IV. Pteromalini. 
 
 Genus PAPHAGUS Walker. 
 Paphaous sidero Walker. 
 
 Paphugus sidero Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XII., 184:3, p. 48, 9. — Dalla 
 Tori-e, Cat. Hyni., \., 18i»<S, p. 213. 
 West Indies: St. Vincent. 
 
 (Jenus PTEROMALUS Swctlcnis. 
 
 Very few of tlie Inindreds of species described by Francis Walker in this genus 
 
 belong to it. The types must be studied before his species can be placed in their 
 
 proper genera. 
 
 Pteromalus archia Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus archia Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 184?,, p. IIG, J*. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, ('at. Hyni., V., 18ii8, p. 111. 
 
 Peru : lima. 
 
 Pteromalus calenus Walker. 
 
 Pteru'iiiahis caUints Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 31, cf. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay's Hist. fis. Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 445, J'. —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 115. 
 
 Chile : Conception. 
 
 Pteromalus cleophanes Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus cleophanes Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 68, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 117. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Pteromalus co.sis Walker. 
 
 Pteromalas cosis Walker, INIonogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 68, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 119. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Pteromalus driopides Walker. 
 Pfrromahis driopides Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 68, 9. — Dalla Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 189S, p. 122. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 I'TERdMALUS EURYPON Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus earypou Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX., 1847, p. 398, 9.— 
 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., p. 124. 
 
 Pteromalus oryneus Walker. 
 Pteromahis gnjneas Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 115, 9. — Spinola, 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 442, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 127. 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
500 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Pteeomalus megareus Walker. 
 
 Pteromalm meyareus \\'alker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 272, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, ZooL, VI., 1851, p. 447, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 134. 
 
 Chile : A^aldivia. 
 
 Pteeomalus mydon Walker. 
 
 Pteroiiuilus mydon Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 87, 9. — Spinola, Gay: 
 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 439, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 136. 
 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 Pteeomalus (enoe Walker. 
 
 Pferomahis cen'Oe Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 187, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay : Hist, de (Jhile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 444, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 138. 
 
 Chile : Coquimbo. 
 
 Pteeomalus oxynthes Walker. 
 
 Pferomalusf oxynthes Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 184, 9.— 
 
 Spinola, Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 44G, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 139. 
 
 Chile : Isle of Chonos. 
 
 Pteeomalus peothous Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus prothous Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 87, 9. — Spinola, Gay: 
 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 440, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 
 p. 142. 
 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 Pteeomalus rhcebus Walker. 
 
 Pfero7iuih(s rhwbiis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 187, 9. — Spi- 
 nola, Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 442, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 146. 
 
 Chile : Coquimbo. 
 
 Pteeomalus sestius Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus sestius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 186, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 • Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 443, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 147. 
 
 Chile : Coquimbo. 
 
 Pteeomalus toxenus Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus toxenus Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 186, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 447, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 151. 
 
 Chile : ( 'oquimbo. 
 
ASHMEAn : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FUES 501 
 
 Pteromalus traulus Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus iraw/ws Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 88, 9. — Spinola, Gay : Hist, 
 de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 440, 9 . —Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 151. 
 Chile: Chiloe. 
 
 Pteromalts viTiLA Walker. 
 
 Pteromalus vitvla Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1848, p. 187, d".— Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 444, d". — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 153. 
 
 ( 'hile : Coquimbo. 
 
 Pteromalus vulso Walker. 
 
 Ftcwmalas vulso Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 89, c?.— Spinola, ( iay : Hist. 
 
 de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 448, cf.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 154. 
 
 Chile: Chiloe. 
 
 Subfamily IV. Spiiegigastekin.e. 
 
 Tribe I. Asaphini. 
 
 Genus ASAPHES Walker. 
 
 AsAPHES VULGARIS Walker. 
 
 Decatoma metallka Spinola, Ann. mus. hist, nat., X\'II., 1811, p. 151 (s. de.scrip.). 
 
 Eurytoma xnea Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 42, 9. — Reinhard, 
 Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 192. 
 
 Colu.v. apliidii Curtis, Journ. Agric. Soc, III., 1842. 
 
 Pteromalus petiolatus Zetterstedt, Insect. Lappon., I., 1838, p. 432, 9. 
 
 Chalcis vulgaris Blanchard, Cuvier : Regne. anim., Ed. 3", Ins., II. , 1849 ; T. 1 14, f. 4. 
 
 Chnjsolampus suspensus Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, j). 127. — Rein- 
 hard, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 192, 9. 
 
 Chnjsolampus altiventris Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II., 1834, p. 127. 
 
 Chrysolampus xneus Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forstius, II., 1848, p. 185, 9. — Ratzeburg, 
 ojms ciL, III., 1852, p. 228. 
 
 Isocratus vulgaris Forf-ter, Hym. Stud., II., 1856, p. 58. — Thomson, Hym. Skand., 
 IV., 1876, p. 208, 9(T. 
 
 A.suphc^ r ul (/ari s Wa\kev, Ent. Mag., IL, 1834, p. 152, 9(5".— Fdanchurd, Hist. nat. 
 Ins., III., 1840, p. 2(")5.— Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., IL, 1840 ; Synop., 
 p. 67.— Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1842, p. 114, 9.— Spinola, Gay : 
 Hist, de Cniile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 462.— Ratzeburg, John. d. Forstius, III., 
 1852, p. 229.— Reinhard, P.crl. ent. Zeitschr., I., 1857, p. 76.— Reinhard, 
 Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XX., 1859, p. 194.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 p. 205. 
 
502 MKMOIKS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 T'hile. This species is now distributed into all parts of the world. It is parasitic 
 on various Aphids and is also occasionally bred from Coccids. 
 
 Tribe III. Sjjhcfjigaderini. 
 
 Genus ACROCLISIS Forster. 
 
 ACROCLISIS BRASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
 
 3Iale. — Length 2.5 mm. Bluish-green, closely punctate ; scape, pedicel and legs, 
 except coxae, honey yellow, the femora more or less brownish toward base, the tips 
 of the femora, the tibite and tarsi more of a yellowish-white ; flagellum filiform, 
 brown, pubescent, the funicle joints more than twice longer than thick ; metanotum 
 rugulose, with a median carina ; abdomen oblong, the petiole rugulose, opaque, 
 with a delicate carina above, the body of abdomen feneous black, smooth and shiny. 
 Wings hyaline, the veins brownish-yellow. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in January. One specimen. 
 
 Subfamily V. Spalanuiin.e. 
 
 Genus SPALANGIA Latreille. 
 Spalangia bbasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3.1 mm. /Eneous black, the tip of hind tibia? testaceous, the 
 tarsi, except last joint, yellowish-white ; eyes pale, hairy. The oblong head is shin- 
 ing but in front with sparse thimble-like punctures and a median grooved line, the 
 cheeks being long and closely opaquely punctured ; the pronotum is closely urabili- 
 cately punctate, the lobes of the mesonotum are smooth, but posteriorly in front of 
 the scutellum is a median carina formed by two longitudinal rows of coarse punc- 
 tures ; there are also punctures on each side of these rows and coarse punctures 
 in the parapsidal furrows posteriorly ; the axillar sutures are coarsely punctured ; 
 the scutellum proper is smooth, iinpunctate, except a transverse row of coarse elon- 
 gate punctures posteriorly; the metathoraxis rugose from coarse pits, while the meso- 
 pleura has a large deep median sulcus and a depression filled with elevated lines 
 along the anterior margin. Wings hyaline, faintly dusky, with the veins dark brown. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Family LXX. ELASMID/E. 
 
 Genus ELASMUS Westwood. 
 Elasmus bbasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Blue black, with a j'ellow line between the scutellum 
 and the postscutellum ; thorax above delicately reticulate, finely pubescent, the 
 
ashmead: classificatiox of tftf'-, ciialcid flies 503 
 
 scutellum smooth, the liead in front, except a few minute punctures, smooth and 
 shining ; the scape of tlie antennae, the coxfe apically, the trochantei-s, front and 
 middle femora, apex of hind femora, and the tibise and tarsi, yellowish-white, the 
 hind tarsi fuscous at apex ; the hind femora, except at apex, are bluish ; the hairs on 
 the hind tibice arc arranged so as to form nine areas ; flagellum light brown, the club 
 darker. The abdomen is conically produced, compressed at sides, blue black except 
 towards base beneath, where it is testaceous. Wings hyaline, the tegulpc and the 
 subcostal vein pale yellowish, the rest of the veins brown. 
 IJrazil : ( orumba, in May. One specimen. 
 
 Elasmus peraffinis, sp. nov. 
 
 ^Jale. — Length l.S mm. Blue black with the apex of the scutellum yellow; 
 antennaj, including the branches, brown, the scape yellowish ; mandibles and 
 palpi pale ; legs yellowish-white, the base of middle and hind coxae, and a very 
 broad band on their femora, black ; the hairs on the hind tibia? are so arranged as 
 to form six or seven areas. Wings hyaline, the veins light brown, the tegulse yel- 
 lowish-white. 
 
 Brazil : Exact locality not given. One specuuen. 
 
 Ei-AfiMt-s chapad.t;, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Blue black, the apex of the scutellum yellow, the 
 basal two segments of the abdomen red ; the face is rather closely and distinctly 
 punctate, the thorax reticulately sculptured, the scutellum smooth, shining ; anten- 
 nae brown black, the scape yellowish ; legs blue black except as follows : The front 
 legs, except the coxae basally, the sutures between the trochanters and femora of 
 middle and hind legs, and the tibise and tarsi, are pale yellowish-white, the hind 
 tansi appear fuscous from the pubescence ; the haii-s on the hind tibia? are arranged 
 in two longitudinal rows, the inne row, however, being intersected by a short, cross 
 hair line, forming two long areas. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 
 
 Family LXXI. EULOPHID^.. 
 Subfamily I. Entedonin^k. 
 Tribe I. Tetracampini. 
 No species belonging to this tribe are yet known from iSouth America. 
 
504 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Tribe II. OmphaJ'ud. 
 
 Genus OMPHALE Haliday. 
 
 Omphale bkasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Blue, the thorax with an aeneous tinge ; a dot on the 
 
 front and middle knees, the extreme apex of all tibice and the tarsi, except the last 
 
 joint, pale yellowish-white ; mandibles pale ; antennae brown black, pubescent, the 
 
 scape yellowish. Wings hyaline, bare or nearly, the veins pale, the postmarginal 
 
 vein hardly developed, shorter than the very short stigmal vein. The abdomen is 
 
 conically pointed, subcompressed beneath at base, and a little longer than the head 
 
 and thorax united. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Corumba, in May. 
 
 This species is allied to 0. nigrocyanea Ashm. described from Grenada, W. I. 
 
 Genus CLOSTEROCERUS Westwood. 
 
 Closteeoceeus ceecius Walker. 
 
 Closterocerus cerclas Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 31, 9. 
 
 Entedon cercius Walker, List. Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 62. — Spinola, Gay : 
 
 Hist, de Chile, ZooL, VL, 1851, p. 435,9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, 
 
 p. 34. 
 
 (Jhile : Conception. 
 
 Closteeoceeus peloe Walker. 
 
 Closterocerus jyel or Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 185, d". 
 
 Entedon pelor Walker, List. Chalc. Brit. Museum, L, 1846, p. 62. — Spinola, Gay: 
 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 436, J*.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 42. 
 
 Chile : Isle of Chonos. 
 
 Closteeoceeus xenodice Walker. 
 
 Closterocerus xenodice Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, X., 1843, p. 273, 9cf. 
 
 Entedon xenodice Walker, List. Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 62. — Spinola, Gay : 
 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool., VL, 1851, p. 436, 9 d".— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 45. 
 
 Chile : Valdivia. 
 
 Tribe III. Etdedonuii. 
 
 UROENTEDON Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is based upon one of the most striking yet discovered in the sub- 
 family Entedoninae. It is easily recognized by the long, compressed abdomen which 
 terminates in a long ovipositor, and has the liypopygium prominent, acutely plow- 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CITALCin FI.IES 505 
 
 share-shaped ; by the very long, ten-jointed antennte, witli to'o ring-joints, the funi- 
 cle joints being globosely swollen towards base, with whorls of long hairs somewhat 
 as in the males in the genera Hoplocrepu and Lophocomus ; and by the wings, which 
 are fringed, the marginal vein being very long, the stiginal vein short, while the 
 post-marginal vein is long. The male is unknown. 
 
 UkoENTEDON VEETICELLATUS, sp. nov. 
 
 (Plate XXXVIII., Fig. 4.) 
 
 Faitale. — Length 3 mm. ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen. Highly polished, 
 impunctate, the head, the prothorax beneath and the legs, honey yellow, the face 
 with a greenish metallic luster ; antennto black, except the long slender scape which 
 is yellowish at its basal half; thorax Itoltle blue, tlie axilUe faintly testaceous 
 towards the sutures anteriorly at the sides, the scutellum and the mesopleura 
 teneous black ; abdomen black, the tip teneous, the extreme base bluish. Wings 
 hyaline, fringed, the veins yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in September. One specimen. 
 
 Genus HOPLOCREPIS Ashnua.I. 
 
 HOPLOCREPIS BIFASCIATA, sp. IIOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXVIII., Fig. 5.) 
 
 Male. — Length 1 .7 mm. yEneous black, the occiput, the metathorax, the petiole 
 of abdomen and the legs mostly testaceous, the trochanters, the extreme base of the 
 femora and the tarsi pale yellowish, the femora and tibiaj brown, the hind tibia?, 
 except at base and tips, black ; the lateral lobes of the mesonotum are brownish ; 
 while the body of the abdomen is small, spatulate, black. 
 
 The ten-jointed antennae are black with the scape and pedicel yellowish ; the 
 joints of the funicle are long, nodose-pedicilJate, with whorls of long hairs, the 
 first, second and third joints with a short branch above. Wings hyaline, the front 
 wings with two transverse fuscous bands, the first band very narrow, situated a little 
 before the basal third, the other broad, extending across the wing from the apical 
 middle of the marginal vein and enclosing the stigmal vein. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada. One specimen. 
 
 Differs from all other males in this genus by having short branches on funicle 
 joints one, two and three. 
 
 HOPI.OCKEPIS HKASILIK.NSIS. SJl. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length l.G mm. Brownish-yellow Avith the collar anteriorly, the 
 mesopleura, the metanotum, the petiole and the body of abdomen above, fuscous or 
 brownish-black. The antenntc arc black with the scape yellowish ; legs flavo-tes- 
 
506 MEMOIUS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 taceous, the hind femora medially and the liind tai'si fuscous. Wings banded as in 
 II. bifasciata. 
 
 Brazil: Santarem. One sjiecimen. 
 
 EULOPHOPTERYX Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus comes nearest to Lo'phoamms Haliday, agreeing with it in all charac- 
 ters except the antennse. The antennse are ten-jointed, as in Lophocomu.% but the 
 joints of thefunicle are longer than thick, cylindrical, loosely joined, not pedicellate 
 nor compressed, Avith the club black or brown black, not white. In Lophocomus the 
 funicle joints are distinctly although briefly pedicellate, compressed, two or three 
 wider than long, while the club is white or yellowish-white. 
 
 EULOPHOPTERYX CHAPADiE, Sp. UOV. 
 
 (Plate XXXVIII., Fig. 6.) 
 
 Female. — Length 1.5 mm ; roijust, feneous black, iinpunctate, except the pro- 
 notum, which is distinctly punctured ; the scape, the pedicel and the legs, except as 
 hereafter noted, are honey yellow ; flagellum brown black, the front and middle 
 femora and the base of their tarsi are metallic brown. The front wings are hyaline, 
 with a subfuscous cloud on the disk, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is Ijroadly 
 oval, petiolate, not longer than the thorax, above depressed, beneath subconvex. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in August. One specimen. 
 
 Genus LOPHOCOMUS Haliday. 
 Lophocomus anaitis (Walker). 
 Cirrospiliis anaitis Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II.,. 1839, p. 91, 9. 
 Lophocomus anaitis Haliday, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, III., 1843, p. 297. — Spinola, 
 Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 432, 0._i)alla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 70. 
 Bellerus anaitis Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 32, d". — Spinola 
 Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 429, c^.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 v., 1898, p. 26. 
 Chile : Conception ; Isle of Chiloe.- 
 
 Lophocomus cyaneus, sp. nov. 
 Female. — Length 1.6 mm. Dark blue, with teneous reflections, the middle lobe 
 of the mesonotum and the inner margins of the lateral lo])es, aeneous ; antennse, except 
 the club, which is yellowish-white, l^lack : legs honey yellow, with the hind tibite 
 
ashmead: classification of the chalcid flies 507 
 
 fuscous, the hind coxte and trochanters somewhat whitish ; abdomen beneath rufo- 
 piceous. Wings subh^'aHne with a large subfuscous discoidal cloud. 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 Genu.s HORISMENUS Walker. 
 IIORISMENUS CLEODORA Walker. 
 
 Hurisraoms cloHlora Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 31, 9. 
 
 Entedon cleodora Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, f., 1846, p. 66. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 35. 
 
 Peru : Lima. 
 
 TABLE OF NEW SPECIES. 
 
 1. Species mostly aeneous black or blue 2 
 
 Species mostly metallic green or at least above. 
 
 Prothorax at the sides, the mesopleura and the coxie blue, rest of legs and the scape pale yel- 
 lowish ; metanotum long with two opaque sulci H. bisulcus. 
 
 2. Species mostly blue 3 
 
 Species mostly aeneous black. 
 
 Metanotum brassy ; scape, pronotum anteriorly, pleur<E and legs, except as uotetl, dark blue ; tips 
 of femora, the tibiaj and tarsi, except last joint, yellowish-white H. hrasiliensis. 
 
 Metanotum not brassy ; head in front ; the axillae and a spot on upper margin of the mesopleura 
 metallic greenish ; scape and legs, except coxae, honey yellow, a spot on knees, tips of tibiae 
 and the tarsi yellowish-white ; abdomen conically pointed, a little longer than the head and 
 thorax united H. corumbw. 
 
 3. Scape aud legs, except coxae and parts hereafter noted, honey yellow, tlie femora dusky basally, the 
 
 knees, tips of tibiae and the tarsi, whitish ; scutellum with an ajueous tinge IT. persimilis. 
 
 Scape and legs, except coxae, honey yellow, the tai-si whitish ; frons, the dorsum of pronotum and the 
 
 disk of the mesonotum, reneous H. xneicollis. 
 
 HOEISMENUS BISULCUS, Sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.4 mm.; above metalhc greenish, tlie prothorax at the 
 sides, the mesopleura and the coxae blue, the abdomen black ; the scape of the 
 antennte, except at apex, and the legs, except coxjb, are pale yellowish or yellow- 
 ish-white. The head and the thorax, except the metanotum, are mostly scaly 
 punctate or punctate, the metanotum ])cing smooth and shining, with two 
 broad longitudinal sulci, extending from base to apex. Wings h^^aline, the veins 
 pale yellowish. The abdomen is shortei- than tlie thorax, short ovate, the ter- 
 minal segments retracted within the large second segment which occupies most of 
 the whole surface; the petiole is opaque, furrowed and a little longer tliaii thick. 
 
 Brazil: Chapada, in April. 
 
 IIORISMENUS BKASILIENSIS, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.6 mm.; icneous black, witli a bluish tinge on the i)arapsidis 
 and at the sides of tlie thorax, the metatliorax being brassy ; the legs, except the 
 
508 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 coxae, the femora and the last joint of the tarsi, are yellowish-white, the coxse, the 
 femora except at apex and the abdomen, are dark blue, the last joint of the tarsi 
 being black or brown. The metanotum is smooth, with two longitudinal sulci. 
 The abdomen is ovate, not longer than the thorax, the second segment occupying 
 hardly half its whole surface, the following segments short, nearly equal. 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro, in August. 
 
 HORISMENUS CORUMB^, Sp. UOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. iEneous black, the thorax smooth except the middle 
 mesothoracic lobe ; the legs, except the coxie, are honey yellow, with the knees, tips 
 of tibse and the tarsi yellowish white. The abdomen is conically pointed, a little 
 longer than the head and thorax united, the second segment being very long, occu- 
 pying two thirds the whole surface. 
 
 Brazil : ( "orumba, in February. 
 
 HORISMENUS PERSIMILIS, Sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length about 0.9 mm. Mostly Ijlue, the scutellura with a decided 
 feneous tinge ; flagellum brown Ijlack, pubescent ; scape and legs, except as hereafter 
 noted, honey yellow, the knees, tips of tibiae and the tarsi whitish. The abdomen 
 is ovate, not longer than the thorax, the second segment occupying more than half 
 the whole surface. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. 
 
 HORISMENtrs .aiNEICOLLIS, sp. UOV. 
 
 Female. — Length L6 mm. Mostly blue, the pronotum above and the metanotum 
 seneous or metallic greenish, the scape of the antennte and the legs, except the coxfe, 
 honey yellow. The abdomen is ovate, a little longer than the thorax, the second 
 segment occupying hardly half the whole surface. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. 
 
 PELOROTELUS Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 Allied to Pleurotrojyis Forster, but easily separated by the absence of the lateral 
 metathoracic carina3, by the metathorax being produced into a long neck at apex 
 and ])y the abdomen, which is very lengthy-petiolated, the petiole being about as 
 long as the hind femora. 
 
 The head is very wide, sublenticular, seen from in front wider than long, the 
 occiput concave ; the antennae are ten-jointed, with one ring-joint, the scape clavate, 
 the pedicel obconical, not much longer than wide at apex, the funicle joints oljlong, 
 about thrice as long as thick, briefly pedunculate at apex, clothed with rather long 
 
ASHMEAD: CLASSIl'ICATION OF THE CHALCIl) FLIES 509 
 
 hairs ; the front wings liave the marginal vein long, the stignial vein short, the post- 
 marginal vein not de\^eloped ; otherwise it is similar to Pleuwtropis. 
 
 PeLOROTELUS C(ERULENS, sp. nov. 
 
 3Iak. — Length 1.8 mm. Dark blue, the head and thorax reticiilately puncturod- 
 the middle mesothoracic lolje and the lateral ridges of the metanotum with a metal, 
 lie greenish tinge ; a spot on the knees, extreme apices of tibite and the tarsi are 
 yellowish-white ; mandibles testaceous. The antennee are rather long, ten-jointed, 
 the scape elongate, the funicle four-jointed, the joints rather long, loosely joined, with 
 sparse, moderately long hairs, the la,st joint being fully thrice as long as thick at 
 the middle, the club three-jointed, longer than the first joint of the funicle, the last 
 joint being represented by a little spur. The abdomen is clavate, the petiole, which is 
 attached to the long neck of the metathorax, very long, shagreened, the body smooth 
 and polished. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem, in April. One specimen. 
 
 Genu.s ENTEDON Dalman. 
 Entedon antander Walker. 
 
 Entedon antander Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, j). 70, d". — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 33. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Entedon badius Walker. 
 
 Entedon badius AValker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, X., 1843, p. 115, d'.— Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 18.")[, p. 433.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 34. 
 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Entedon empekamus Walker. 
 
 Enfrdou emperamm Walker, Monogr. Chalc. II., 1839, p. 70, 9. — DaUa Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1808, p. 36. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Entedon flacilla Walker. 
 
 Entedon jladlla Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., X., 1843, p. 115. J'.— Bpinola, 
 Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, \). 434.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1898, p. 37. 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Entedon uegei.ochus Walker. 
 Entedon hef/elochus Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 70, c?. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 38. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
510 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Entedon thestis Walker. 
 
 Cirrosjnius thesfk\\a\ker, jNIonogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 74, 9. 
 
 Entedon theatis Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 184G, p. 67. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., v., 1898, p. 44. 
 
 I'razil : Bahia. 
 
 Entedon ufens Walker. 
 
 Kntedon ufens Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1848, p. 184, 9. — 1 )alla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hyna., V., 1898, p. 45. 
 Entedon rifens Spinola, Gay : Hist.de Chile, Zool, VL, 1851, p. 433, 9. 
 Chile : Isle of Chonos. 
 
 Geuus DEROSTENUS Westwood. 
 Deeostenus alcestas Walker. 
 
 Derostenus alcestas Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 31, c?. 
 
 Entedon alcestas Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 137. — Spinola, Gay : 
 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool, VL, 1851, p. 437, d'.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 
 1898, p. 32. 
 
 Chile : Conception. 
 
 Tribe IV. Pediohnni. 
 
 PARACRIAS Ashmead, gen. uov. 
 
 A genus allied to Acria^i Walker. Form short and robust, the thorax coarsely 
 reticulately sculptured, the head highly polished, impunctate in front. 
 
 The head is very wide, lenticular, wider than the thorax and very thin antero- 
 posteriorly, the occiput concave ; the eyes are large, ovate, the malar space short but 
 distinct ; the antennaj are nine-jointed, with a ring-joint, the funicle four-jointed, 
 the joints oblong oval, briefly peduncled, hairy, the club two-jointed, the last joint 
 represented by a spur ; the thorax is shaped as in Entedon but without parapsidal 
 furrows, the metathorax being produced into a neck at apex, with a delicate median 
 carina ; the abdomen is ovate or conic-ovate, distinctly petiolate, the second seg- 
 ment (first body segment) being very long, occupying most of the surface, the fol- 
 lowing segments very short, apparently capable of being retracted. 
 
 Paracrias laticeps, sp. uov. 
 (Plate XXXIX., Fig. 1.) 
 
 Female. — Length 1.6-1.8 mm. ^Eneous black, the thorax with a greeni.sh tinge 
 above, and coarsely reticulately sculptured, the coxai and legs bluish, the trochan- 
 ters, a spot on the knees, the extreme apex of tibiae, and the tarsi yellowish-white. 
 Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish, the postmarginal vein hardly developed, the 
 stigmal vein verv short, its knob subsessile. The metathorax is contracted into a 
 
ASHMEAD : CLAStSIFICATIOX OF THE CHAI^CII) FLIES 511 
 
 neck at apex and punctate. The abdomen is petiolate, the body in one specimen is 
 conic-ovate, pointed at apex, in another specimen short oval, the terminal segments 
 in the latter evidently being retracted within the very large second sognicnt which 
 occupies nearly the whole surface of the abdomen. 
 Brazil : Chapada, in August and September. 
 
 URODEROSTENUS Aslimead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus is based upon a species from St. Vincent, W. I., and is easily recog- 
 nized by the strongly exserted ovipositor and by the wings having a long marginal 
 fringe, as in some Mymarids. 
 
 AMETALLON Ashiueail, gcu. dov. 
 
 Tills genus comes very close to Chrysonotomijia Ashmead, but is easily recognized 
 by its non-metallic color, and by the very short stigmal vein. The antennae are nine- 
 jointed, with one ring-joint, the flagellum being filiform, tapering off towards apex, 
 clothed with sparse hairs, the funicle Iteing three-jointed. The abdomen is long, 
 
 conic-ovate. 
 
 Ametallon chapada, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.4 mm. Honey yellow, the abdomen mostly of a brownish- 
 yellow, with a transverse fuscous band a little before the middle ; eyes brown ; 
 antenna} filiform, the flagellum tapering off' to a point at apex, with long, 
 sparse hairs. Wings hyaline, fringed, the veins yellowish, the marginal vein 
 very long, fully twice the length of the submarginal, the stigmal vein short but 
 with its knob petiolate, and longer than the postmarginal. Tiie abdomen is conic- 
 ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united and ends in a short ovipositor. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 
 
 Subfamily II. Aphelinin^. 
 
 Genus ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS Howard. 
 
 ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS CITRINUS (Craw). 
 
 Cocaipliagu!^ citrix IIS Craw, Destructive Insects, Sacramento, Cab, 1<S91. 
 Aspidioti})hagas citrimis Howard, Insect Life, Vol. VI., 1S!)I, p. 234. — Howard, 
 Lechn. Series, No. 1, V. S. Dept. Agric, p. 31, f 10. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 224. 
 Brazil: Bahia, March, 1883 (Albert Koebele). 
 
 Subfamily III. Tetrastichin.i:. 
 TKI15E 1. C('ra((j)icarini. 
 This tribe is at i)resent known only from Mexico and the West liulies, but rep- 
 resentatives will undouljtedlv be discovered in South America. 
 
512 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Trike it. Tdradichini. 
 
 Genus TRICHOPORUS Forster. 
 
 Teichoporus colliguaya (Philippi). 
 
 Exurus coUiguaya Philippi, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., XXXIV., 1873, p. 296; T. ].— Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 159. 
 
 Chile. 
 
 Teichoporus mklleus, sp. iiov. '. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.8 mm. Honey yellow, punctate, the eyes brown, the abdo- 
 men with a blackish spot on each side near the middle, the scape and legs pale yel- 
 lowish ; flagellum long, filiform, hairy ; wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 
 The abdomen is cylindrical, pointed at apex and as long as the head and thorax 
 united. 
 
 Male. — Length 1.4 mm. Agrees in color with the female except that the 
 blackish spots near the middle of the abdomen unite and form a transverse band, 
 while the veins in the front wings are brownish. The flagellum is long and the 
 hairs are much longer than in the female. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem ; Chapada. 
 
 Trichoporhs viridicyaneu.s, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2-2.6 mm. Metallic bluish-green to blue, punctate ; scape, 
 trochantei's, apices of all femora, and all tibite and tarsi, except the last joint, pale 
 yellowish ; flagellum brownish-yellow, pubescent ; wings hyaline, the veins yel- 
 lowish. The abdomen is long, cylindrical, twice as long as the thorax, pubescent, 
 the first and second body segments about equal, shorter than the third, the first 
 segment longer than the third, the sixth and seventh short, the seventh conical. 
 
 Male. — Length 1.4-1.5 mm. Agrees well with the female, except in the usual 
 sexual differences and in a slight difference in the color of the antennse and legs : 
 The flagellum is darker with longer hairs and with only one ring-joint, while the 
 front and middle femora are dusky only at base. The abdomen is cylindrical, a 
 little longer than the head and thorax united. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Fourteen females, six male specimens. 
 
 Trichoporus persimilis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.8 mm. Metallic brown black, punctate, the abdomen brown 
 beneath ; flagellum brown, hairy ; scape, pedicel and legs, including the coxiB, honey 
 yellow, the femora more or less dusky or brownish, especially basally ; otherwise it 
 is very similar to T. viridicyaneus except that the first body segment of the abdomen 
 is twice the length of the second. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Two specimens. 
 
ashmead: classification of the chai.cid fliks 513 
 
 Genus TETRASTICHUS Haliday. 
 Tetrastichus archideus (Walker). 
 Girrospihis archidrun Walker, ]\Ionogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 75, 9. 
 Tetrasfidms archideus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 184G, p. 81. — Dal la Torre, 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 10. 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tktkastichus athenais (Walker). 
 
 Cirrosjnlus athenais Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 72, 9. 
 
 Tetrastkhm atlienau Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 10. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus cacus (Walker). 
 
 Cirrospilas cacus Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 75, 9. 
 
 Tetrastichus cacus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, 1., 1846, p. 80. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 12. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus cleonica (Walker). 
 
 Cirrospilus cleonica Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II. , 1839, p. 69, J*. 
 
 Tetrastichus cleonica Walker, List. Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1896, p. 81. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 12. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus daimachlts (Walker). 
 
 Cirrospilus daimacJtus Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II. , 1839, p. 73, 9. 
 Tetrastichus daimachus Walker, List. Chalc Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 13. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus deilochus (Walker). 
 
 Cirruspilus deiluchus Walker, Monogr. ('hale, II. , 1839, p. 74, 9. 
 Tetrastichus deilochus Walker, List Chalc Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 81. — Dalla 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 13. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus febrvus (Walker). 
 
 Cirrospilus fehruusWaWiQr , Monogr. Chalc, II. , 1839, p. 73, 9. 
 
 Tetrastichus fehrxius Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 80. — Dalla 
 
 Torre, Cat. Hym., Y., 1898, p. 15. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus narceus Walker. 
 
 Tetrastichus narcxus Walker, Ann. <fe Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 188, 9. — 
 
 Spinola, Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 427, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 19. 
 
 Chile : Coquimbo. 
 
514 MEMOIRS OF THE CAUXEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Tetrastichus naucles Walker. 
 Tetrastichus naucles Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XT., 1843, p. 32, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool.. VI., 1851, p. 425, 9- — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 19. 
 
 Chile : Conception. 
 
 Tetrastichus norax Walker. 
 
 Testrastichus norax Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 32, 9.— Spinola, 
 
 Gay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 425, 9. — Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 19. 
 
 ( 'hile : Conception. 
 
 Tetrastichus phkyno (Walkei-). 
 
 Clrrospihis phnjno Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 90, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 83. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus polyb.ea Walker. 
 
 Tetrastichus po}>jh%a Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XL, 1843, p. 116, 9 cf.— Spi- 
 nola, (iay : Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 426, 9 c?.— Dalla Torre, Cat. 
 Hym., v., 1898, p. 21. 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Tetrastichus scadius Walker. 
 
 Tetrastichus scadius Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XI., 1843, p. 116, 9. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 424, 9 .—Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 22. 
 
 Chile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Tetrastichus valerits (Walker). 
 
 Cirrospihts valerus Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 72, 9. 
 
 Tetrastichus valerus Walker, List Chalc. Brit. IMusenm, I., 1846, p. 79. — Dalla Torre, 
 
 Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 24. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Tetrastichus xenocles (Walker). 
 
 C'irrospilus xenocles Walker, Monogr. Chalc, II., 1839, p. 90, 9. 
 
 Tetrastichus xenocles Walker, List Chalc Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. 81. — Spinola, 
 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 427, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 
 
 v., 1898, p. 25. 
 Chile : Chiloe. 
 
 TABLE OF NEW SPECIES. 
 
 1. Not wholly blue 2 
 
 Wholly blue, the tarsi white. 
 
 Abdomen conically produced, longer than the thora.\ T. albitarsis, sp. nov. 
 
 2. Black or blue-black 3 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 515 
 
 ^neous black, the mesoiiotuin and the scutellum metallic, delicately shagreened ; two rows of punc- 
 tures along the parapsidal sutures ; legs, except the coxa;, yellowish, the femora dusky basally ; abdo- 
 men conic-ovate, not longer than the thorax . . .T. chapadse, sp. nov. 
 
 3. Blue-black ; the mesonotum microscopically shagreened ; a single row of punctures along the parapsidal 
 furrows ; legs, except coxae, honey-yellow, the femora dusky medially and basally ; abdomen coni- 
 
 cally pointed, longer than the head and thorax united T. brasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Black ; mesonotum microscopically shagreened ; withovt a row of punctures along the parapsidal fur. 
 rows ; scape and legs, except coxce, honey yellow ; abdomen, seen from above, rounded, shorter tlian 
 the thorax T incongruus, sp. nov. 
 
 Tetrastichus albitarsis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Wholly dark blue, except the parapsides whicli are 
 leneous, the base of tlie antennal scape which is honey yellow, and the tarsi 
 which are yellowish-white except the last joint. The insect is smooth impunctate, 
 except the head which has a few minute punctures on the face ; otherwise I can 
 detect no distinct sculpture, although under a very high power the thorax above 
 appears feebly shagreened. Wings hj^aline, the veins brown. Abdomen conic-ovate, 
 little longer than the head and thorax united, smooth and sliining, depressed above, 
 subcarinate beneath towards base. The flagellum is broken off at the pedicel and 
 cannot be described in detail. 
 
 Brazil : Rio de Janeiro, in August. One female specimen. 
 
 Tetrastichus chapad^, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.8 mm. vEneous black, the mesonotum and scutellum with 
 a metallic greenish tinge, shagreened, the head punctate in front ; scape, pedicel and 
 legs, except coxaj, honey-yellow, the femora faintly dusky basally ; flagellum brown, 
 pubescent, the first joint of the funicle is the largest, more than twice longer than 
 thick. The middle lobe of the mesonotum has two rows of punctures on each 
 side, along the parapsidal furrows. The metanotum is i)unctate and has a distinct 
 median carina. The wings are hyaline, the veins yellowish. The al)domen is conic- 
 ovate, smooth impunctate and ab(nit the length of the thorax, the linst body seg- 
 ment being the longest. 
 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in April. One female specimen. 
 
 Tetrastichus brasiliensis, .sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXIX , Fig. 2.) 
 
 Female. — Length 2 mm. Dark l)lue black, nearly l)lack, with a faint leneous 
 tinge, the head except in the scrobes with thimble-like [)unctures, the thorax above 
 shagreened, the middle lobe of the mesonotum with a single row of punctures 
 along the parapsidal furrows ; scape and legs, except coxa3, honey yellow, the femora 
 
516 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 more or less dusky medially, the tarsi paler yellowish. Wings hyaline, the veins 
 yellowish. Abdomen conically pointed, longer than the head and thorax united, 
 depressed above, convex beneath towards base. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in January. One female specimen. 
 
 Tetrastichus incongruus, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Black, the head smooth, shining, except some 
 minute punctures, in front near the eyes, the thorax microscopically shagreened, 
 without a row of punctures along the parapsidal furrows ; scape and legs, except the 
 coxae honey-yellow, the femora a little darkened. Wings hyaline, the veins yel- 
 lowish. The abdomen, as seen from above, is rounded, as in the genus Syn 
 Forster, shorter than the thorax ; beneath it is carinate. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One female specimen. 
 
 Subfamily IV. Elachertin.^. 
 Tribe I. Eiqjhvtrini. 
 
 Genus EUPLECTUS Westwood. 
 
 TABLE OF SPECIES. 
 
 1. .iEneous black. 
 
 All coxiB yellowish-white 2 
 
 Hind coxse black. 
 
 Legs, except the hind coxae and the hind femora, honey yellow, the hind femora brownish 
 at the thickened portion. Female E. brasiliensis. 
 
 2. Legs yellowish-white. 
 
 Antennae wholly pale yellow or with the flagellum wholly brown 3 
 
 Antenna not wholly pale yellow, the six last joints brown ; basal half of abdomen beneath and 
 above, testaceous, the apical half black, as well as a streak at sides basally ; clypeus and malar 
 space black E. contmbae. 
 
 3. Antennse wholly pale yellowish ; scutellum basally purplish ; metallic green apically ; a triangular area 
 
 at base of metanotum connected with a median carina; body of abdomen rufous basally; clypeus 
 
 reddish ; malar space black. Male E. solilarius. 
 
 Antennae not W'hoUy pale, the pedicel and flagellum brown ; scutellum wholly black ; clypeus and 
 cheeks testaceous ; body of abdomen beneath, except just at apex, and above basallj', rufous. 
 Male E. chnpadie. 
 
 EUPLECTRUS BR.\SILIEXSIS, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1.6 mm. ^neous black, the head and thorax with long, 
 sparse hairs ; clypeus honey yellow ; antennae, except faintly toward apex, and the 
 legs, except the hind coxte and the hind femora, honey yellow, the hind coxse 
 black, the hind femora more or less brownish except at base. Wings hyaline, 
 pubescent, the teguke and the veins pale yellowish. The abdomen is black, with a 
 
ASHMEAl) : CLASSIFICATION OF TIIK CIIALCID FLIF.S 517 
 
 reddish spot basally both above and beneath, the petiole shagreened. The joints of 
 the funicle are long, the last joint being fully thrice as long as thick. 
 Brazil : Porto Branca, in April. One specimen. 
 
 EUPLECTRUS CORUMB^, Sp. nOV. 
 
 Fnnalc— Length 1.5 nun. ^Eneous black, the. clypcus black ; first three joints 
 of antenme and the legs, including all coxaj, pale honey yellow or yellowish-white ; 
 rest of antennte brown ; basal half of abdomen beneath and above testaceous ; other- 
 wise hardly distinguishable from E. hrasiliensis, except that the last three joints of 
 the funicle are much shorter than in that species, being only a little longer than 
 thick. 
 
 Brazil: Corumlia, in May. One specimen. 
 
 EuPLECTRUS SOLITARIU.S, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 3Iale. — Length 2 mm. /Eneous black, the clypeus testaceous; antennae and 
 legs, including coxtB, yellowish-white ; body of abdomen rufous at basal half above 
 and with a small spot of the same color beneath ; the ])etiole is more than twice as 
 long as thick, shagreened. 
 
 Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, in November. One specimen. 
 
 KUFLECTRUS CHAPADiE, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Male. — Length 1.6 mm. ^Eneous black, the clypeus and the cheeks testaceous ; 
 flagellum, including the pedicel brown ; scape of antennteand the legs, including all 
 coxte, yellowish-white ; body of abdomen, except apically and a streak along the 
 sides, rufous or testaceous. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. Two specimens (one badly broken). 
 
 Tkii-.f 11. Ophclhiiiii. 
 
 Genus ARDALUS Howard. 
 Ardalus HowARDir, sp. nov. 
 Male. — Length 1.3 mm. Black; the mandibles and tlie flagellum are testa- 
 ceous ; the trochanters, base and tips of femora, base of hind tibite, and rest of the 
 legs pale yellowish, the femora, except as noted, and the apical two thirds of the 
 hind tibite being brown or brown black. The head is smooth, impunctate, the ej'es 
 grayish-brown, pubescent, the ocelli red ; flagellum tiliform, tapering off towards 
 apex, the funicle joints loosely joined, the last fully twice longer than thick, the pre- 
 ceding joints a little longer. The thorax is rather coarsely rugulose, the metathorax 
 polished, with two median cariiiic and some wrinkles on each side. Wings hyaline, 
 
518 m?:moii{s of the carnegie museum 
 
 with a faint diseal spot beneath the apex of the stigmal vein, the veins pale yel- 
 lowish. The abdomen in outline is nearly round, depressed, the petiole long, 
 smooth and shining, the first and second body segments occupy half the whole sur- 
 face, the second the larger, the following short, about equal. 
 
 Brazil : (Jhapada, in May. One specimen. Named in honor of Dr. L. O. 
 Howard. 
 
 Geuus LEUCODESMIA Howard. 
 Leucodesmia flaviceps, sp. uov. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.3 mm. Head yellow, the eyes brown, pubescent ; thorax 
 and abdomen black ; scape and the legs, except coxse and the front femora medially, 
 honey ^^ellow, the coxse black, the front femora medially brownish ; flagellum 
 brown black, subcompressed, the joints of the funicle loosely joined, the fir.st joint 
 the longest, about twice as long as wide, the last joint only a little longer than wide. 
 The head is smooth impunctate, except a slight shagreening on the frons above ; 
 the thorax is scaly punctate, the metanotum being smooth, with a median carina. 
 Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The abdomen is ovate, depressed, not longer 
 than the thorax. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 ELACHERTOMORPHA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus resemljles EJachertus Spinola, and could be easily mistaken for it, 
 except that the hind tibite have two apical spurs. From Leucodesmia Howard, it is 
 separated by tlie antennie being ten-jointed and Ijy having the scutellum grooved. 
 
 Elachertomorpha flaviceps, sp. nov. 
 
 FeiiitiJe. — Length 1.5 mm. Head, except the eyes and two converging black 
 lines on the scrobes, honey yellow ; thorax and abdomen seneous black, the former 
 shagreened, with the scutellum rugulose and the metanotum carinate ; scape of an- 
 tennae and the legs, except as noted, honey yellow, the middle and hind coxse black, 
 the front and middle femora basally, more or less dusky, the hind femora medially 
 and the apex of the hind tibise brownish. Wings hyaline, the veins yellowish. The 
 abdomen is rounded, smooth and shining, shorter than the thorax, with a short 
 petiole. 
 
 Brazil : Santarem. One specimen. 
 
 SYMPIESOMf)RPHA Ashmead, gen. nov. 
 
 This genus has the general habitus of Sj/mpiesis Forster, with which I at first con- 
 fused it, but one may easily distinguish it by the two spurred hind tibite and by the 
 
ashmead: classification ok thk chalcid fliks 519 
 
 distinct parapsidal furrows. It also resembles Sirnonicsius Westwood but is easily 
 separated by the pubescent eyes, and by the longer and more sessile alxlomen. 
 
 SYMrn:si>M()iiriiA hiiasiliensis, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 3 mm. J^lack ; the a))domen is icneons black, with a large 
 rufous spot at base both above and beneath ; scape and legs, including the coxre, 
 honey yellow, the tips of the coxa3 and the trochanters whitish ; flagellum black. 
 Wings hyaline, the tegula^. and veins pale yellowish. The head is smooth, with a 
 few minute punctures in front; thorax reticulately punctate, clothed with whitish 
 hairs, the metanotum with a sharp median carina. The abdomen is ovate, 
 depressed, about as long as the head and thorax united. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in Septeml)or. One specimen. 
 
 SYMriKSOMORI'HA OI!.SCURA, Sp. IIOV. 
 
 Feiualc. — Length 1.8 mm. Black with a l)luish tinge, the head in front and the 
 metapleura metallic greenish, the abdomen reneous black, the dorsum with a yel- 
 lowish band before the middle, the base before the band being blue, the venter with 
 a yellowish spot near the middle ; the scape and legs, except the coxae and most 
 of the femora, are pale yellowish or yellowish-white ; flagellum black. Wings hya- 
 line, the veins yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Corumba. One specimen. 
 
 Genus STENOMESIUS Westwood. 
 SxENOMEsnjs DiMiDiATUs, sp. nov. 
 (Plate XXXIX., Fig. 3.) 
 Feuuile. — Length 2.1 mm. Flavo-testaceous, the head in front below pale yel- 
 lowish, the scutellum subfuscous, the inetathorax and apical half of the abdomen 
 black ; scape and legs, including the coxte, pale yellowish ; wings hyaline, the front 
 pair with a fuscous spot from the apex of the stigmal vein. The head is smuoth, 
 the thorax, and especially the middle mesothoracic lobe, is i-ugulose, the scutellum 
 coriaceous, the furrows with large punctures ; the metanotum has a sharp median 
 carina and is transversely regulose on each side. The abdomen is ovate, smooth and 
 polished, except the petiole, which is finely rugulo.se. 
 Lrazil : Chapada. One specimen. 
 
 ALOPIIUS Ashiiu-ad, s«"- "ov. 
 This genus falls in between l}i<jli/i>li<)iiiiiri>h<i .\slim. and »S'v?)(/</r.s'/.s' Furst.; it comes 
 nearest to the first mentioned butdillers in not being metallic, by having ten-jointed 
 
520 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 antennae, and by having only two dorsal grooved lines on the scutellum. In Syrii- 
 jnesis the antenntc are ten-jointed, but it is metallic and the scutellum is without 
 dorsal grooved lines. 
 
 Al.OPHUS BEASILIENSIS, sp. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 2.8-3 mm. Honey yellow, the eyes brown, the flagelhim 
 and the apex of the abdomen above, black, the legs yellowish, the tarsi whitish, the 
 apical half or more of hind tibi?e sometimes fuscous. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous 
 cloud beneath the stigmal vein. 
 
 The abdomen is long, conical, depressed above, convex beneath, usually consider- 
 ably longer than the head and thorax united, black or blackish at apex above. 
 
 Muk. — Length 2 mm. Head, except the clypeus, the lower part of the cheeks 
 and tlie mouth parts, black, the thorax honey yellow, with the disk of the scu- 
 tellum, the mesopleura and the metathorax black ; flagellum light brown ; scape and 
 the legs pale yellowish. The abdomen is oblong, briefly petiolate, depressed, about 
 the length of the thorax, the basal part of the dorsum yellowish. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April ; Rio de Janeiro, in September. 
 
 Tribe IIL Elachertini. 
 
 Genus ELACHERTUS Spinola. 
 Elachertus catta (Walker). 
 
 Euhphus catta Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 71, 9. 
 
 Elachestiis catta Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I., 1846, p. Gt>. 
 
 Elachistus catta Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 77. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. 
 
 Elachertus gyes (Walker). 
 
 Eulophus (jijcs Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 89, J'. 
 
 Elachestus gijes Walker, List Chalc. Brit. Museum, I„ 1846, p. 69. 
 
 Elachistus gyes Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 1898, p. 78. 
 
 I Chile: Isle of Chiloe. 
 
 SUJJKAMILV \^ P]UL01'HlN.i;. 
 
 Tribe I. Eulophini. 
 
 Genus SYMPIESIS Forster. 
 Genus EULOPHUS Geoffrey. 
 Eulophus? laonome Walker. 
 Eiilopkm laonome Walker, Monogr. Chalc, IL, 1839, p. 90, 9. — Spinola, Gay : 
 Hist, de Chile, Zool., VI., 1851, p. 431, 9.— Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., V., 
 1S98, p. 62. 
 Chile: Lsle of Chiloe. 
 
ASIIMEAD: CLASSlFIf'ATION OF TlIK OIIALCII) KUKS 521 
 
 Eil.oi'Urs RlilANUs Walker. 
 
 Euhphm rhianioi Walker. Ami. it :\rag. Nat. Hist., X., 1<S42, p. 110, 9.— Spinola, 
 Gay: Hist, de Chile. Zool., \'r., 18.11, j). 430. 9.— Dalla Torre, ("at. Hyni., 
 v., 1898, p. G7. 
 ( 'bile : Valparaiso. 
 
 Family LXXII. TRK 'HOGRAMi\nDyE. 
 
 Genus PENTARTHRON Riley. 
 
 PeNTARTHRON liRASlLIENSIS, SJl. IIOV. 
 
 Female. — Length 0.4 mm. Head and thora.K ahove uniformly honey-yellow, 
 the temples, cheeks, mouth parts, sides of thorax and the al)domen beneath yellow- 
 ish-white, the eyes brown ; the antennte, except the club which is dusky, and the 
 legs are very pale or yellowish-white ; the pedicel is hardly longer than thick, much 
 shorter than the first joint of the funicle which is conical and more than twice 
 olnger than thick at apex, the second funicle joint being small, annular, tlie club 
 large, fusiform, as long as the scape. The wings are hyaline, with a long marginal 
 fringe, the front wings with the pubescence arranged in eight hair lines. 
 
 Type.— Cat. No. 6596, U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil : Bahia. Taken on cotton, March, 1883, by Mr. Albert Koebele. 
 
 Family LXXIIl. MYMARID.E. 
 Subfamily I. Gonatocerin.e. 
 I have seen no representative of this subfamily from South America, although 
 it must be well represented by many species in several genera. 
 
 Subfamily U. MYMARIN/E. 
 
 Genus POLYNEMA Haliday. 
 POLYNEMA BRASIL1ENSI8, sp. nov. 
 
 Female. — Length 1 mm.; ovipositor about one third the length of the abdomen. 
 Polished black ; antennte brownish-fuscous, with the scape, pedicel, first joint of 
 funicle, the apex of the fourth and base of fifth funic^le joints, yellow ; the legs 
 except as noted, and the abdominal petiole pale yellow, the hind femora toward 
 apex and the apical two fifths of the hind tibia>, dusky or fuscous. 
 
 Brazil : Chapada, in April. One specimen. 
 
 PoLYNEMA RUFE8CENS, Sp. llOV. 
 
 Male. — Length 0.8 mm. Reddish-brown, the eyes and the flagellum brown 
 black ; scape, pedicel and legs, except the hind tibitc which are fuscous, honey yel- 
 low ; the abdomen towards the apex is tinged with fuscous. 
 
 Type.— Cat. No. G595 U. S. N. M. 
 
 Brazil: Pernambuco, February, 1883 (Mr. A. Koebele). 
 
LITERATURE AND ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Act. Ac. Germ. — Nova Acta Acaderaije Caersarese Leopoldino-Carolinie Natura? Curiosorum 
 (Erlangen, Breslaii, Bonn, and Jena, 1818 et serj). [Called also Yerhandluntren der Kiinig- 
 liche Leoiwklino Carolinac deiitsclien Akademie der natur forscher.] 
 
 Act. Soc. Espan. — Actas de la .sociadad espanole de historia nature!. Madrid. 8vo. 
 
 Am. Ent. — The American Eulomologist : an illustrated magazine of popular and practical ento- 
 mology. Edited by Benj. D. Walsh and Charles Y. Riley. St. Louis, Mo., 1868 et ><eq. 
 
 Am. Nat. — American Naturalist. 8vo. 
 
 An. Mus. Buenos Aires. — Anales del Museo national de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires. 4to. 
 
 Andre (Edm.). 
 
 Andre (Ernest). 
 
 Andre's Hym. Eur. — Species des Hymenoptferes d'Europe et d'Algerie enrichi de plancher colorees 
 donnant d'apres natur, outre un ou pleusieurs specimens des insectes de chaque genre, de nom- 
 breux dessins au trait des caracteres utiles ii I'intelligence du text ; Redig6 d'apres les princi- 
 pales collections les m^moires les plus recent des auteurs et les communications des entomolo- 
 gistes specialistes. Par Ed. Andre. 8vo. Paris. 
 
 Ann. Hofmus. Wien. — Annalen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Wien. 8vo. I., 18G6 
 et seq. 
 
 Ann. Mag. N. H. — Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London, 1841 et seq. 
 
 Ann. Mus. Belg. — Annales du Musee royal des Sciences naturelle de Belgiques. Bruxelles. 4to. 
 
 Ann. Mus. Genova. — Annali del Miiseo civico di storia Naturale di Genova. Genova. 8vo. 
 
 Ann. mus. hist, natur. — Annales du museum d'iiistoire naturelle, par les jirofesseurs de cet etab- 
 lissement. Tome dix-septiSme. Paris. 1811. 
 
 Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. — Annales du Museum d'Histoire naturelle. Paris, 1802-1813. 20 vols. 
 
 Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli. — Annuaria Museo Napoli. 
 
 Ann. Nat. Hist.— Annals of Natural History. London. .") vols. 1838-1840. 
 
 Ann. Soc. nat. Modena. 
 
 Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. — Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. Bruxelles. 8vo, I, 
 1857 et seq. 
 
 Ann. See. ent. Fr. — Annales de la Societe entomologicpie de France. Paris, 1832 cf .Ncry. 
 
 Ann. Sc. nat. Zool. (3), Y., 1 846. 
 
 Anz. Ak. Wiss. — Anzeiger der kaiserlicher Akademie der Wissenscliatten Mathematiseh naturwis- 
 schaftliche classe. Wien. 8vo. 
 
 Arch. Java. — Suikerind. 1896 et seq. 
 
 Arch. Ver. Mecklen. — Archiv des Vereins der Freuude der naturgescliichte in Mecklenburg. 
 Giistrow. 8vo. 
 
 Archiv fur Naturg. — Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Berlin. Svo, I.-XLIL, 1835-76. 
 
 Ashra. — Ashmead (William H.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Ashm. Bull. No. 1, Col. Biol. Assoc— Ashmead (Wra. H.), Bulletin X... 1 of the Colorado Bio- 
 logical Association. Washington, D.C., 1890. 
 
 Ashm. Fn. Hawaiiensis. — Fauna Hawaiiensis (Hymenoptera Parasitica), Vol. 1, Pt. 3. 1901. 
 
 522 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CITALCin FLIES 523 
 
 Ashni. Orange Ins. — Orange Insects : A Treatise on the Injurious an<l Beuefioial Insects found 
 
 on Orange Trees in Florida. Jacksonville, Fla. 1880. 
 Atti Ace. Torino.— Atti della Royal Accademia delle Seienze di Torino. Torino. 8vo. 
 Auriv.— Aurivellius (Cii.) (.sw Serials), Ent. Tidskr. 
 
 Beckstein (Johann Matthias) & Scharfenberg (G. L.), Naturg. — Vollstfindigc Naturgeschichte aller 
 
 Shadlichen Forstinsekten, etc. Leipzig, 1804-5. 
 Beitr. — Beitriige zur Monographic der Pteromalinen von A. Fiirstcr. Aix-lu-C'hapelle, 4to. 1841 . 
 Bericht. Naturf. Niirnh. — Aintlicher Berichtc der Versaminhing der Naturforscher zu Ni'irnberg. 
 
 Niiriiberg. 
 Bericht. Yer. Harz. — Berichtc des naturwisseaschaftlicheii Verriiis <li's Ilurzes. Wernigerode, 
 
 1840 d seq. 
 Berl. ent. Zeit. — Berliner entoniologisciie Zeitschrift herausgegebeu von deiii entomologischen 
 
 Verein in Berlin. Berlin. 8vo, I., 1857 et seq. 
 Biol. Centr.-Amer. — Biologia Centrali-Aniericaua. Hvmcnoptera, I., 1883-1899. London. 4to. 
 Blanch. — Blanchard (Eniile). 
 Bohm. — Boheman (Carl H.). 
 
 Bost. Journ. N. H. — Boston Journal of Natural History. 8vo, I., I S:U) et scq. 
 Bouche, Naturg. — Bouche (P. F.). Naturgeschichte der Insecten, besonders in Hiusicht ihrer 
 
 ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen. Berlin, 1834. 
 Breb. — Br6bisson, or De Brebisson, Encyclopedic methodi([ue. Insect, X., 1825. 
 Bridgm. — Bridgman (John B.). {See Serials.) 
 Brischke.— Brischke (C. G.). (.S'ce Serials.) 
 
 Brit. Ent. — British EnU)moIogy. London. 16 vols. 1823-1840. 
 Bridle, Hym. — Brulle (A.). Histoire Natnrelledes Insectes, par M. le Comte Am6d6e Lepeletier 
 
 de Saint- Fargeau. Hynienopteres, par M. Aug. Brulle. 4 vols. Paris, 1837-1846. 
 Briinnich (Martin Throne), Prodr. insectol. Siaelland, 1761. — Prodromus insectologia; Simllan- 
 
 dicse. Dissert, resp. Urb. Brunn Aascow, Hafnise, 1761, Svo. 
 Bull. Ac. Belgique. — Bulletins de I'Academie royal des Sciences, des Lettres, et des Beaux-Arts 
 
 de Belgique. Bruxelles. 8vo, I., 18.32 d sfq. 
 Bull, accad. natural. Napoli, 186:). 
 Bull, coram, agrar. Parma, TIL, 1870. 
 Bull. Labr. Iowa.— Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of 
 
 Iowa. Iowa City. 8vo. 
 Bull. N. Mex. Stat. — New Mexico College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. Agricultural 
 
 Experiment Station. lias Cruces. 8vo. 
 Bull. No. 2, Fla. Agric. College.— Bulletin No. 2 of the Experiment Station of Florida at the 
 
 State Agricultural College, Lake City, Florida, 18S8. 
 Bull. No. 1, Kans. Agric. College.— Bulletin No. 1. Kansas Agricultural College. Manhattan, 
 
 Kansas, 1888. 
 Bull. Ohio Exper. Sta. — Bulletin Ohio Experiment Station. No. 3. 
 Bull. (Techn. Series) U. S. Dept. Agric. — Bull. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical 
 
 Series, No. 1 el seq. 
 Bull. Michigan State Agric. College. — Bulletin Michigan State Agricultural College, No. 73. 
 Bull. Soc. ent. France. — Bulletin des Seance et Bulletin bibliographique de la Societe entomologique 
 
 de France. Paris. 8vo, I., 1873 et seq. 
 
524 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Bull. Soc. ent. Ital. — BuUetino della Societa eutoniologica italiano. Firenzi. 8vo, I., 18G9 d seq. 
 Bull. Soc. Moscou. — Bulletin tie la Societe iniperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Mo.scou. 8vo, 
 
 I., 1829 etseq. 
 Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Ent. Div. — Bulletin U. S. Department of Agriculture. Technical Series. 
 
 Washington, D. C. Svo. 
 
 Cam. — Cameron (P.). (»SVf Serials.) 
 
 Can. Ent. — Canadian Entomologist. London, Ontario, Canada. 8vo, I., 1808-09 etseq. 
 
 Cat. Brit. Ichn. B. M. — Catalogue of British Ichneumonidse in British Museum. London, 1850. 
 
 Cat. Hyra. — Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorani systematicus et synonymicus Auc- 
 
 tore Dr. C. G. de Dalla Torre, Professore Oenipoutano. 10 vols. Leipzig. Svo. 
 Christ (Johann Ludwig). {Sec Naturges. d. Ins.) 
 
 Cook & D. (Cook, A. J. & Davis, G. C.)— Bull. Michigan Agric. College. 
 Ckll.— Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A. {Hee Serials.) 
 Coqueb. — Coquebert, de Montbret (Antoine Jean). Illustrata Iconographica. Insectorum qua; 
 
 in Musaeis parisinis observatit et in lucem edidit Johann Christ. Fabricius, etc., 4to. Paris. 
 Coq. — Coquerel (Charles). {See Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1855.) 
 Comp.-rend. — Comptes-reudus de I'Academie des sciences a I'lnstitut de France, Paris, 1835 
 
 et seq. 
 Corresp. Zool.-mineral. Ver. in Regensburg. — Correspondenz blatt zoologischer mineralogischer 
 
 vereins in Regensburg. 8vo, I, 1847 et seq. 
 Costa. — Costa ( Achille). {See Serials. ) 
 Craw. — Craw (Alex). 
 Cress., Syn. Hym. — Cresson (E. T.). Synopsis of the Families and Genera of Hymenoptera of 
 
 America, North of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliog- 
 raphy. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 1887. 
 Curt. — Curtis (John). 
 
 Curt., Brit. Ent. — Curtis (J.). British Entomology. 10 vols. London, 182;3-1.S4(). 
 Curt., Brit. Guide, British Guide. 
 Curt., Farm Insects ; being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects injurious to the Field 
 
 Crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also those which infest Barns and Granaries, etc. 
 
 8vo, 1860. 
 Cuvier (George Leopold Christian Dagobert). Histoire des science naturelle depiiis leur origine 
 
 jusqu'ii nos Jours, chez tons les peuples connus. Paris. 5 vols. 8vo, 1 841-1845. 
 
 Dahlb.— Dahlbom (A. G.). {See Serials.) 
 
 D. T.— Dalla Torre (K. W. von ; C. G. de). {See Cat. Hym.) 
 
 Dalm.— Dalman (J. W.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Davis (G. C). {See Serials.) 
 
 Deg. — Degeer, Carl. Mem. hist. Ins., I., 1752. Memoires pour servir a Phi.stoire des Insectes. 
 
 4to. Stockholm, 1752. 
 Destef. — Destefani (Theodosio Destefani Perez). {See Serials.) 
 Duf. — Dufour (Leon). 
 
 Ent. Amer. — Entomologica Americana. A Montlily Journal of Entomology. Edited by John 
 B. Smith. 5 vols. 1885, et seq. Published by Brooklyn Entomological Society. 
 
ASHMEAD : CLASSIFICATION OF THE CIIALCID FLIES 525 
 
 Enc. Brit. — Encyclopedia ]Jritannica. IX., 18:^0. 
 
 Enc. M6tii. — Encyclopedic M6thodiquc. 10 vols. Paris, 178D-182r). 
 
 Ent. Mag.— The Entomological Magazine. 5 vols. London, 18:3.'5-18;58. 
 
 Eut. Mo. Mag. — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. London. 8vo, L, 181)4 d xiyj. 
 
 Ent. Nachr. — P^ntomologische Nachrichten. Berlin. 8vo, I., 1875 d .teq. 
 
 FA\t. News. — The Entomological News and Proceedings of the Entomological Section of tlic Acad- 
 emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia. Svo, L, 18(10 d kcij. 
 
 Ent. The.— The Entomologist. (Sec Newman.) 
 
 Ent. Zeitg. Stettin.— Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Verein zii 
 Stettin. Stettin. 8vo, I., 1840 d mj. 
 
 Entom. — Newman's Entomologist. London, 1840-1842. 
 
 Eiig. Kesa Zool. Ins. — Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenics Itcsa Omkring Jorden under befal af 
 C;. A. Virgin. Aren, 1851-1853. Zoologi, I. Insecta. Stockholm, 1858-1808. 
 
 Fab., Ent. Sys. — Fabricius (J. C). Entomologica Systematica. 4 vols. Copenhagen, 17!»2-17!t4. 
 
 Supplement, 1798. 
 Fab., Piez. — Fabricius (J. C). Systema Piezatorum. Brunswick, 1804. 
 Fab., Syst. Ent. — Fabricius (J. C). Systema Entomologica. Flensburg and Leipzig, 1775. 
 Fall. — Fallen (C. F.). Sp. nov. Hym. disp. meth. Specimen novam Hymenoptera disponeiid, 
 
 methodum exhibens. Lund, 181. "5. 
 Faun, du Can. Hym. — (See Prov.) 
 Faun. Etrus. (See Rossi.) 
 Eitch.— Fitch (Edw.). (See Serials.) 
 Fitch. — Fitch (Dr. Asa). Reports on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the State of 
 
 New York. (14 Reports, published in Trans. New York Agric. Soc, Vol. XIA''., 1855 
 
 (■/ .sriy.) 
 Fonsc. — Fonscolonibe (Boyer de). (Sec Serials.) 
 Forbes (Professor S. A.). — Report of the State ]<]ntomologist on the Noxious and Beneficial Insect.s 
 
 of the State of Illinois. 1882 d mj. 
 Ffirst. — Forster (Dr. Arnold). (<SV(' Serials.) 
 Frogg. — Froggatt (Walter W.). 
 
 Gard. Chron. — Gardener's Chronicle, London, 1841 d fserj. 
 
 (Jeer, M6m. — Geer (C. de). Memoires pourservir al'Histoiredes Liseetes. 7 vols. Stockholm, 
 
 1752-1778. 
 Genres des Mouch dipt. 1 80:5, p. r,8. 
 Geoff. — Geoffroy (Etienne Louis). 
 GeofFr. — Geoffroy (E.). Histoire abregee des Iiisectes (pii se (rouvcnt aux environs de Paris, 
 
 2 vols., 1762. 
 Germ. Fn. Ins. Eur. — Germar (E. F.). Fauna Inscctorum Eiiro|);e. Halle, I.S12-1S48. 
 Girard (J.) (See Serials). 
 CJoureau, Colonel. (See serials.) 
 
 Grav. Ichn. Eur. — (}ravenhorst(J. L. ('.). I.'hiifuiiicinologia Enropiea. :> vols. Breslau, 1829. 
 (lucr. — Guerin-Menneville (Felix Edouard). Le Febures, Voy. .\byss. 
 Guer. — Iconog. Regn. Anim. (-SVe under Iconog.) 
 Gu6r. — Voy. Ai)yss. (See under Voy. Abyss.) 
 CTu6r. — Voy. de Coquille. (See under Voy. de {'(xpiille.) 
 
526 MKMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Hal.— Haliday (A. H.). (Sec Serials.) 
 
 Hal. Hym. Brit. — Haliday (A. H.). Hymeiioptera Britaunica ; Alysia, Fasciculus alte London. 
 
 8vo, 1839. (See Hym. Brit.) 
 Hald. — Haldenian (S. S.). 
 Hart. — Hartig (T.). (.SVc Serials.) 
 
 Herr-Schiiff. — Herrick-Scluiffer (G. A . W.). {S,r Scluiff.) 
 Heer (Oswald). 
 
 Hist. abr. Insect. {Sec Geoffrey.) 
 Harris (Thaddeus). 
 Hartig (Th.). (*e Serials.) 
 Hasselq — Hassel<juest (Friedrick). Iter Palaestr. 1757.] Iter Palacstinum, ellcr resa til 
 
 heliga landet, foerriittadifran ar 1749 til 17")2 med beskrifuingar, run anmerkningar iifwer 
 
 de maerkwaerdigste naturalier, utgifveu af C. I^innaeus. Holmiae, 1757. 8vo. 
 Holmg. — Holmgren (A. E.). (.See Serials.) 
 
 Horse See. ent. Ross. — Horse Societatis entomologies Rossicte. St. Petersburg, I. 1861 ct seq. 
 How. — Howard (Dr. L. O.). (-S'ee Serials.) 
 Hubbard (H. G.). {See Insects affecting the Orange.) 
 Hym. Brit. — Hymenoptera Britanica : Oxyura et Alysia, Fasc. I., pp. 15 ; Fuse. II., pp. 28 et 4. 
 
 London, Ballierc, 18-39. 
 Hym. Stud. — Hymenopterologische Studien. Heft II. Clialcidse und Proctotrupii von Dr. 
 
 Arnold Forster. 
 
 Iclin. d. Forstins. {Sec Ratzeburg.) 
 
 Icong. Regn. Anim. — Iconographia Regne Animal de G. Cuvier. Svo. Insects. Paris, 1829- 
 
 1858. 
 Illiir. Illiger (J. C. W.). Illig. Rossi Faun Etrus. — Fauna Etrusca sistens insecta qua; in 
 
 provinciis Florentina et Pisana prsesertim collegit P. Rossius Iterum edita, et annotatis per- 
 
 petuis aucta. (2 vols., Helmstedt, 1807.) 
 lllus. Woch. f. Ent. — lUustrierten Wochenschrift fiir Entomologie. 8vo. Neudamm. 
 Ind. Mus. Notes. — Indian Museum Notes. 8vo. Calcutta, India. 
 Ins. Life. — Insect Life. Devoted to tlie economy and life habits of insects, especially in their 
 
 relations to agriculture. Edited by C. Y. Riley and L. O. Howard. 7 vols., 8vo. 1888- 
 
 1895. 
 
 Insects affecting the Orange. By H. G. Hubl)ard. 8vo. 1885. 
 
 Jahresb. naturf. Ges. (iraunbiirsden. XX^'II., 18(11. 
 
 Jahresb. fortschr. Forstw. I., 1838. 
 
 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil. — Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Svo, 
 
 I., 1817 dsetj. 
 Journ. Ivinn. Soc. London Zool. — Journal of the I^innsean Society of London. 
 Jurine, Hym. — Jurine (L.). Nouvelle Mcthode de elasser les Hymenopteres et les Dipteres. 
 
 Geneva and Paris, 1807. 
 
 Kaw.— Kawall (J. H.). (Nee Serials.) 
 Kief. — Kieffer (Abbe J. J.). (,SVe Serials.) 
 Kirby. — Kirby (W. F.). 
 
ASF^MF.AO: (n.ASSIFirATION OF THE <'HAI,('in FLIES 527 
 
 Kircii. — Kirchiier (L.). 
 
 Kirch., C^at. Hvmp. Eiij). — Kirchner (L.). ('atalc)j;iis rfynienoptoronim Eiinipa', IS()7. 
 
 Klug. — Klug"(J. Ch. F.). {Sec Serials.) 
 
 Kok. — Kokujew or Kokoiijew (Nikita). (See Serials.) 
 
 Kriochb. — Kriechbaiimer (Dr. Jo8epli). (.'>Vr Serials.) 
 
 Krieg. — Kricger (Dr. liiclianl). (.Sec Serials.) 
 
 Lam. — Lamarck (J. ]>. P. A. Monet de). 
 
 Lam. Syst. — Monet <le Lamarck. Systomc dcs animaux sans vcrtchres. Paris, ISO I. 
 
 Latr.— Latreille(P. A.). 
 
 Latr., C'uv. Rdg. An. — Latreilie (P. A.). Articles in Cuvier's Iicgnc Animal. 1st ed., .3 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1817. 
 Latr., Gen. Crust, et Ins. — Latreilie (P. A.), (lenera Criistaceornm et Inscctoriim secundum 
 
 ordinem naturalem in familias disposita. 4 vols. Paris and Strasburg, 1806-1809. 
 Latr., Nat. Hist. — Latreilie (P. A.). Histoire Naturelle generale et particuliere des Crustaces et. 
 
 des Insectes. 14 vols. Paris, 1802-1805. 
 Latr., Pr6c. — Latreilie (P. A.). Pr&is des Caracteres generiqnes des Insectes. Brive, 1796. 
 Lefebur* (Theophile). {See Voy. Abyss.) 
 Lepel. — Lepeletier de St. Fargeau. (.SVe BruUe.) 
 Linnieus (C. de). (»S'fe Linn6 (C. von).) 
 
 Linn. Ent. — Linnsea Entomologica. 16 vols. Berlin and Leipsic, 1 .S46-l.S()i;. 
 Linn., Fn. Suec. — Liune (C. von). Fauna Suecica. 2d ed. Stockholm, 1 7(il. 
 Linn. Soc. London. {See Proc.) 
 Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. {See Proc.) 
 L., Linn. — Linne (C. von) also Linnseus. 
 
 Linn., Sys. Nat. — Linne (('. von). Systema Xatune. 12tli ed. Stoekliohii, ]7()(;-17()S. 
 List Chalc. Brit. Mus. — List of the Hymcnoptera in the Britisli Museum — ( 'halcidea. By Francis 
 
 Walker. 2 vols. 
 Loud. Mag. — Loudon's IMagazine of Natural History. 9 vols. London, 1X29-1 8;!6. 
 Lucas. — Lucas (IL). j:xph)ration de I'Algerie I lymeuoptcrcs. 1 S 19. 
 
 Mag. de Zool. — Magasin de Zoologie. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure el appliipiee, elc. Par 
 
 M. F. Guerin — Meneville — Paris. 
 March. — Marchal (Dr. Paul). (iS'ce Serials.) 
 Marsh. — Marshall (T. A.). {See Serials.) 
 Marsh., Cat. Brit. Ichn. — Marshall (T. A.). A Catalogue of the British Hyuieuoptera ; Ic^hneu- 
 
 monidse, Braconidse and I>vauiid;e. London, 1.S72. 
 Mask. — Maskell (W. M.). 
 
 Mayr. — Mayr (Dr. Gustav). (.SVe Serials.) Verhandl. Zool.-bot. Gcsell. W'ien. 
 Mem. Ac. Belgique. — M6moires de I'Acadfimie royale des Sciences, des Ijcttres et des l!eaux-Arts 
 
 de Belgique. Bruxelles. 4to, I., 1818 ct .se<j. 
 :\Ietu. Acad. St.-Peter.sbourg. — Memoirs de I'Academie de Sl.-lVtcrshourg. ]S(i!t-7(l. 
 Mem. Accad. Tor. — Mcmorie dclla lieale Accademia delle Scienze di 'rorin<i, 2d series, XII., 
 
 180.3. 
 Mem. Ace. Bologna. — Memorie della R. Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. 4to, 
 
 I., 1850 et seq. 
 
528 MKMOIRS OK THE CARNECilK MI'SEUM 
 
 Mem. Ace. Torino. — Meniorie della Rcale Accadeniia delle .Science Torino. Torino. 4to. 
 M6m. Coiir. Ac. Belgique (8vo). — M6moires couronnes et Mcmoiresdes Savant.s 6trangers publie.s 
 
 par I'Academie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux- Arts de Belgi(]ue. Bruxelles. 
 
 8vo, I., 1 8;?2 (•/ srq. 
 M6m. Cour. Ac. Belgique (-Ito). — Memoires couronnes et Mcnioires des Savants etrangers puhlies 
 
 par I'Academie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. 
 
 4to, I., 1818 rf seq. 
 Mem. hist. Ins. («S'ee De Geer and Geer.) 
 Mem. Manchester Soc. — Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and PhiloKiphical 
 
 Society. Manchester. 8vo. 
 Mem. Mus. Milano. — Museo civico di Staria naturale di INIilano e Societa italiana di Scienze 
 
 naturali. Memorie. Milano. 4to. 
 Mem. Soc. ent. Belgique. — Memoii'es de la Societe entomologue de Belgique. Bruxelles. 8vo. 
 
 I., 1892, et seq. 
 Mem. Soc. Manch. — Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manclicster Literary and Philosophical 
 
 Society, 4th series. 
 Mocs. — Mocsary (Alexandre.) 
 
 Mocs. Lit. Hym. — Literatura Hymenopterorum ab Alexandre) Mocsary, 8vo. Budapest, 1882. 
 Mocs., Maygar Fn. — Magyar Fauna masnejii darasai (Heterogynidaj Fauna3 Hungarica;). Term. 
 
 Kozlem, XVII., pp. 1-93, pis. II. 
 Menu. — Mennier (Fernand). (See Serials.) 
 Moeller (Christian Heinrich). 
 
 Motsch. — Motschulsky (Genl. V.). (/S'ec Serials.) 
 Motsch. Etud. Ent. — Etudes Entomologiques redigees par "Victor de Motschulsky, Lieutenant- 
 
 (blonel d'Etat-Mayor, en retraite etc. Helsingfors, 1832 et seq. 
 Mt. Schweiz. ent. Ges. — Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen (iesellschaft. Bul- 
 letin de la Soci6te entomologique Suisse. Schaff hausen. 8vo. 
 Miill., Fn. Fridr. — Miiller ((). F.). Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina. Copenhagen and 
 
 Leipsic, 1764. 
 Miill., Naturs. Linn. — Miiller (P. L. S.). VollstJindiges Natursystem des C. v. Linne, mit eiuer 
 
 Erkliirung. (i vols, and supplement. Nuremberg, 1773-177(5. 
 
 Nat. Sieil. — Naturalista Siciliano. 8vo. Palermo. 
 
 Nit. His. Rev. — The Natural History Review; a quarterly journal of science, conducted by Hali- 
 
 day and others. 5 vols. Dublin, 1854-1858. 
 Natural. Canad. — Le Naturaliste Canadien — Bulletin de recherches, observations et dfeouvertes se 
 
 rapportant a I'histoire naturelle du CJanada. Quebec et ('hicoutimi. 8vo, I., 1869 et seq. 
 Natural. Sicil. — II Naturalista Siialiano. Organo della Societa dei Naturalisti Siciliani. 
 
 Palermo. 4 to. 
 Naturges. d. Ins. — Naturgeschichto Classification und Nomenclatur der Insecten vom Bienen, 
 
 Wespen, und Amei'sengeschlecht ; als der fiinften Klasse fiinften Ordnung des Linneischen 
 
 Natur-Systems von den Insecten Hymenopteren, etc. 4to. 1791. 
 Natnrgesch, Schiidl. — Forstins. in. 1805. (,SVr Beck stein.) 
 Nees. — Nees ab Esenbeck (C. G.). 
 Nees, Monog. — Nees von Esenbeck (C. G.). Hymenopterorum Ichneumonibus affinium Mono- 
 
 graphiaj Genera Europese et Species illustrantes. 2 vols. Stuttgardt and Tiibingen, 1834. 
 
ASHMEAl) : PLASSIFTCATION OF TFIF, CIIALOin FIJES 529 
 
 Newp. — Newport (G.). {Sec Serials.) 
 
 Xo. Amer. Entom. — The Xortli Ameriain Eiitomologist. l.SSO. 
 
 Nort. — Norton (Edw.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Notes on Chalc. — Notes on Chalcidife by Francis Walker, F.L.S. 5 pts. 1S71. 
 
 Nouv. Mem. Ac. Sci. Brux. — Nouveaii Memoirs Acadcmie des Science, BruxcUcs. 8vo. 
 
 Nouv. Meth. Hyra. — Nouvelle Methode de classer Les irymenoptores et Les Diptures. Par L. 
 
 Jurine. 4to. Geneve, 1807. 
 Nov. Act. Ac. L. C. (Sec Acta Ac. Germ.) 
 
 Ofv. Vet., Ale. Foriil. — Ofversigt af K. Voteiiskaps— Akadamiciis Furhundliiigar. Stockholm. 
 
 8vo. 1845 et seq. 
 Oliv. — Olivier (A. G.). {Sec Encyc. method.) 
 Orange Ins. — Orange Insects. By Wni. M. Ashmead. 1880. 
 
 Opns. Ent. — 0])nscula ?]ntomologica. l2mo. I.-XXII., l8(;f)-l 807. (.SVt Thomson.) 
 O. S. — Osten Sacken (Baron ( ;. R.). {S,r Serials.) 
 
 Pack.— Packard (A. S.). 
 
 Pack., Guide. — Packard (A. S.). Guide to Study of Insects, and a treatise on those injurious and 
 beneficial to crops, for the use of colleges, farm schools, and agriculturists, by A. S. Packard, jr., 
 M.I). Seventh edition. New York, 1880. 
 
 Panz. Panzer (G. W. F.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Panz., Fn. Germ. — Panzer ((}. W. F.). Fannre Insectorum Germanicie initia. l()!»pls. Nurem- 
 berg, 1792-1810. 
 
 Panz., Krit. Revis. — Panzer (G. W. F.). Kritis(^lie Revision der Insecktenfaune Deutschlands, 
 nach deni System bearbeitet. 2 vols. Nuremberg, 18<).')-IS(t(i. 
 
 Parfitt.— Parfitt (E.).— (-S'ee Serials.) 
 
 Perty. (Maximilian.) Delectus animalium articulatorum, qu£e in itinera per Brasiliam annis 
 1817-1820 jussu et auspiciis Maximilian Josephi Bavarise regis augustissimi peracto, college- 
 runt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martins ; dige.ssit, descripsit et pingenda cura- 
 vit Dr. M. Perty, Monachii (auctor), 18;50-18;U. 4to. 
 
 Perris, Ann. Soc. Linn. — Perris (Ed.). Annales de la Socicte Linneenne de Lyon Nouvelle 
 s6rie, IV. 
 
 Phil. Mag. — The London and Edinburgli Pliilosopiiical Magazine and Journal of Science. l(j 
 vols. London, 1832-1840. 
 
 Philip.— Philippi (R. A.). {See Stett. Ent. Zeitg.) 
 
 Pinacogr. — Pinacographia. Door Dr. S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven. 4to. 1 880. 
 
 Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil. — Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Pliiladel|)hia. Phila- 
 delphia. 8vo. 
 
 Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. — Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, I., ]8;'>G et seq. 
 Boston. 8vo. 
 
 Proc. Calif. Acad. — Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Zoology. San Fran- 
 cisco. 8vo. 
 
 Proc. Ent. Soc. Lrjndou. — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, I., 18.'54 el seq. 
 Loudon, 8vo. {See Transactions.) 
 
 Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. Svo. 
 
 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. — Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, I., 1884 d seq. 
 Washington. 8vo. 
 
530 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 Proc. Essex Inst., IV., 1864. — Proceedings of the Essex Institution. 
 
 Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. — Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. London. 8vo. 
 
 Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. — Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 
 
 Sydney. 8vo. 
 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proceedings of the V. S. National INIuseum, YIII et mj. 
 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. — Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. IV., llHl:^. 
 Proc. Zool. Soc. London. — Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of I^on- 
 
 don. London. 8vo. 
 Psyche. — Psyche, a Journal of Entomology. Published by the Cambridge Entomological Club 
 
 Cambridge. 4to. 
 Prov., Add. Faun. Hym. — Additions et corrections an volume II. de la Fanne P^ntomologique du 
 
 Canada traitant des Hymenopteres. Quebec, 1899. 
 Prov., Faun. Hym. — Provancher (Abbe L4on). Petite Faune Entomologi(iue du Canada. II., 
 
 Hymenopteres. Quebec, 1883. 
 
 Reinh. — Reinhard (D.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Ratz.— Ratzeburg (J. Th. C). 
 
 Ratz., lehu. d. Forstins. — Ratzeburg (J. T. C). Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in forstliclier 
 
 uud entoniologischer Beziehung. .3 vols. Berlin, 1844-1 85*2. 
 Retz. — Retzius Gen. et .sp. Ins. 1 783. 
 Riley. — Riley (Charles Valentine). {See Serials.) 
 Riley, Mo. Rep. — Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the State of Missouri 
 
 9 vols. ISQdetseq. 
 Rond. — Rondani (C). 
 Rossi. — Rossi (Peter). 
 Rossi's Faun. Etrus. — Rossi (Peter). Fauna Etrusca, sistens insecta quae in proviucife Floren- 
 
 tino et Pisane praesertim collegit. Liburni, Mari, 1790. 4to. {See Illiger.) 
 
 Saund. — Saunders (W. W.). (<S'ec Serials.) 
 
 Saund. — Saunders (S. S.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Say. — Say (Thomas). {See Serials.) 
 
 Say, Lee. Ed. — Say (T.). Complete writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North 
 
 America. Edited by John L. Le Conte, M.D. 2 vols. New York, 1859. 
 Schellenb. — Schellenberg (Johann Rudolt). Genres de Mouches dij)feres, reprfeentes en A'l pi. 
 
 col. projectees et dessinees et expliquees par deux amateurs de 1' entomologie. 1803. 
 Schlecht.— Schlechtendal (Dr. H. R.). {See Serials.) 
 Schlett. — Schletterer (Dr. A.). 
 Schiiff., Forts. Germ. — Herrick-Schiiffer (G. A. W.). Fortsetzung v<in Panzer, Faunre Insecto- 
 
 rum Germanicse initia. Ratisbon, 1829-1844. 
 Shipp. — Shipp (John). 
 Scop. — Scopoli (J. A.), 
 Scop. Ent. Carn. 1765. — Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carniolise iudigeua et distributa 
 
 in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linnean. Vindobon:e Trattner, 1763. 
 Scudd., But. — Scudder (Saml.). Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. Cambridge, 
 
 1889. Report of Progress, Geological Survey of Canada. 
 Sich.— Sichel (J.). {See Serials.) 
 Six.— Six (G. A.). {See Serials.) 
 
ASH.MEAD: rLASSIFICATION OF THE C'lIALCII) KI.IKS Oo 1 
 
 Sitz. d. naturf. Gesell. zu Leipzig. — Sitzmigsbericlite der Naturforsclicndcn (icsellscliaft zu Leipzig. 
 8vo. 
 
 Sm.— Smith (Emily). (.S'ee Serials). 
 
 Sm.— Smith (Fredr.). (.See Serials.) 
 
 Soc. Ent. — Societas Entomologica. Organ fiir den internationalen Entomoldgen-Ycrcin. Zurich. 
 4to. 
 
 Sp. Nov. Hym. disp. Meth. {Sec Fallen.) 
 
 Spin. — vSpinola (M.). 
 
 Spin. Ins. Lig. — Spinola (^Marquis M.). Lisectorum Liguriiu species nova? aiit rariores. 2 vols. 
 Genoa, 1800-1808. 
 
 St.-Farg.— St. Fargeau (A. L. M. Le Peleticr, (unite dc). {Sir Lo Pek^ier.) 
 
 Stadelm. — Stadelmann (A.). 
 
 Stef.— Stefani (Theodosio). 
 
 Stefani, Nat. Sic. — Stefano (Theodosio de). II Naturalista Siciliano : (iiorualc delle Scienze 
 Naturali, Ragusa, Palermo. 
 
 Steph.— Stephens (J. F.). 
 
 Step., 111. Brit. Ent. — Illustrations of British Entomology. 11 vols. London, 1824-4<J. 
 
 Stett. ent. Zeit. — Stettiner entomologi.sche Zeitung. Stettin, LS.'JO d wvy. 
 
 Stoll (O.j. {See Serials.) 
 
 Svensk. Ak. Handl.-Kongliga Svenska A'etenskaps-Akadcniiens Ilandlingar. Stockholm, 1780 
 et net J. 
 
 Swed. — Swederus (X. S.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Symb. physic. — Symbolse physicae, seu icoues et descriptiones insectorum, qure ex itinere per Afri- 
 can! borealeni et Asiam F. G. Hemprich et D. H. Ehrenberg studio novw aut illustrat:e radi- 
 arum. Percensuit Dr. Klug. Berolini, Mittler, 1829-184."). Fol. e. .",() lab. col. 
 
 Szepl. — Szepligeti (Prof. V.). Termes. Fiizet. 
 
 Termes. Fiizetek. — Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek. Kiadje a Magyar nemzeti ISlusenm. Budapest. 8vo. 
 
 Thoms.— Thomson (C. G.). (.See Serials.) 
 
 Thomson, Opus. Ent. — Opuscula Entomologica. Lundie. I.-XXII., 1 8(i!l-l S<»7. 
 
 Tijdschr. Ent. — Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, uitgaveu door de Xcderlandscii entomologi.sche 
 
 Vereeniging. 's Gravenhage. 8vo, I., 1838 e< .very. 
 Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. — Transactions American Entomological Society. I'hilad(lj)liia. 8vo. 
 Tr. Ent. Soc. Lend. — Tran.sactions of the Entomological Society of London. Svo. 
 Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond. — Transactions of the Linnean Society of Ijoudou. London. 4to. 
 Tr. N. Y. Agric. Soc. — Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society. (Dr. Asa Fitch 
 
 described many Chalcids in these Transactions.). 
 Tr. St. Ijouis Acad. — Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences. Svo. St. I^ouis, Mo. 
 Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond. — Transactions of tiic Zoological Society of London. London. 4to. 
 
 Verb. d. naturh. Yer. pr. Rheinl. — Yerhandlungen des Xaturhistorischcn \'crcin der prenssiehen 
 
 Rheinlande und Westfalens. 8vo. Bonn, 1844 e/ .svy. 
 Verb. Zool.-l)0t. Ge.s. Wien.— Yerhandbmgen der k.-k. Zoologisch-botaniscben Gesellschaft in 
 
 Wien. Wien. 8vo. 
 Yierteljahrschr. naturf. Gcs. Ziirich, I., 1856. 
 Yilliers (J.). — Carol! Linnaji Entomologica ; Fauna; Suecica; descriptionibiis aucta, etc. 4 vols. 
 
 Lugduni Batavarum, 1789 Hym., Yol. III., pp. 69-344. 
 
532 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 
 
 VoUenh. Schets. — Vollenhoven (S. C. Snellen van). Schetsen ten gebruike bij de Studie der 
 Hymenoptera. — Tijdscbr. voor Eut. 
 
 Vollenh. Schets., Pinacogr. — Pinacograpbia. 4to. 1880. 
 
 Voy. Abyss. — Voyage en Abyssinie execut^e pendant les annees 1839, 184(), 1841, 1842, 1845, 
 par line commission scientifique composee de MM. Theophile Lefebure. Paris. 8vo. 
 
 Voy. de Coquille. — Voyage Autour dii monde, sur la Corvette de Sa Majeste, La Coquillc, pen- 
 dant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 182.5, etc. Paris. 4to. 1830. 
 
 Wachtl. — AVachtl (A.). {See Serials.) 
 
 Walck., Fu. Paris. — Walckenaer (Baron C. A. de). Faune Parisienne. Histoire Abregee des 
 
 Insectes des Environs de Paris. 2 vols. Paris, 1802. 
 Walker. — Walker F. (Francis). (.S'ee Serials.) 
 
 Walk. Mougr. Chalc. — Monographia Chalciditum by Francis Walker. 2 vols. London, 1830. 
 Walk., Notes on Chalc. — Notes on Chalcidia. By Francis Walker. 5 Pts. 1871. 
 Walsh. — Walsh (Benj. D.). (.SVe Serials.) 
 Walsh. — Walsh (Benjamin D.). 
 Web. und Mohr, Beitr. — Archiv fiir die systematische Naturgeschichte. Edited by F. Weber 
 
 and W. H. Mohr. Leipzig, 1804. Continued under the title : Beitriige zur Naturkunde, 
 
 etc. 2 vols. Kiel, 1805 and 1810. 
 Westw. — Westwood (Prof. John O.). {See Serials.) 
 Westvv., Intr. — Westwood (J. O.). An Introduction to the Modern Classificatiou of Insects. 2 
 
 vols. London, 1839-40. 
 
 AVestvv., Tbes. Eut. Ox. — Thesaurus Eutomologicus Oxoniensis, etc. Oxford, 1874. 
 White (A.) {See Serials). 
 Wiegmann's Archiv. — Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Gegriindet von A. F. A. Wiegmaun, Fort- 
 
 gesetzt von W. F. Ericbsen. 8vo. Berlin. 
 Wien. Ent. Zeit. — Wiener entomologische Zeitung, I., 1882 et seq. 
 Willem. — Willem (Victor). (-SVe Serials.) Bull. Sci. d. France et d. Bolgique, 1897. 
 Wollst. — Wollaston (V. T.). {Sec Serials.) 
 
 Zehnt. — Zehnter (L.). 
 
 Zeitschr. f Eutom. 
 
 Zeits. f. wiss. Zool. — Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig, XIX., 18(39. 
 
 Zett. — Zetterstedt (J. W.). 
 
 Zett., Ins. Lap. — Zetterstedt (J. W.). Insecta Lapponica descripta. Leipzig, 1840. 
 
 Zool. Anz. — Zoologischer Anzeiger, zugleich Organ der deutscheu zoologischen Gesellschaft. 
 
 Leipzig. 8vo. 
 Zool. Jahrb. Syst. — Zoologische Jahrbiicher. Abtheihiug fiir Systcmatik, Geographic und 
 
 Biologic der Thiere. Jeua. 8vo. 
 Zool. Rec. — The Zoological Record. London. 8vo, I., 18G4 fZ-scfy. 
 Zool. — The Zoologist, London, 1843 et seq. 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol I, 
 
 Plate XXXI 
 
 1 . Leucospls enderleini Ashniead, ^ . 
 
 2. Tliaumatelta pidchripennis Ashmead, 9 • 
 :?. Epildiu stylata Wa]ker, Q. 
 
 4. Euatypiura bicolor Ashmead, '^i . 
 
 5. Xanthmnelanns dimidiatus Fabricius, J'. 
 G. Eust i/piura sexmacidala, AF'hmoiid, Q. 
 
THE LIBBWY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UHWERSITY OF 11UK01& 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. I, 
 
 Plate XXXII. 
 
 1. L'l-ndosm'Ccra ijitiolata Asbuiead, 
 
 2. Tetrasmicra erocata Walker, (^. 
 
 3. Hippotaj)ectieoniis\jA.tr^\\W, r^. 
 
 4. llontalia camcroni Ashuiead, 
 
 5. Hontalia kirbyi X&hvaead, (^. 
 G. ^a:tmop«w mono Ashmead, 9- 
 
TItUBRWt 
 
 OF THE 
 
 U8WERSITY OF ILLWOIS 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. 
 
 Plate XXXIII. 
 
 1 . Igosomodes brasiliensig Ashmead, ^ . 
 
 2. Isowmode» nigriceps Ash mead, j*. 
 .'5. Chrijseida wneivenlria Ashmead, 9 . 
 
 ■4. lieplirula. t/rlalipe.s Aahme^i], ,. 
 
 5. Aximogastra bahiw Ashmead, 9. 
 
 6. Prodecatotna Jlavescens Aahmead, Q. 
 

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol 
 
 Plate XXXIV. 
 
 1. Eudoxinna transverna Walker, ,. 
 
 2. Xeorileya flavipes Aiihnna,d, Q. 
 
 3. Macrorileya (ecanthi Ashmciu}, 9- 
 
 4. Perilampiia braHiliensis Ashmead, y. 
 
 5. Oraxnna rapo W-dlker, 9- 
 
 G. Pseudochaleura nigrocyanea Asbmead, 9- 
 

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol 
 
 Plate XXXV. 
 
 1. Tflramella plagiala Vi'iiiker, (J. 
 
 2. Stibula nigricepa Ashmead, rf . 
 
 3. Dicxlothorax platycerus Ashmead, 
 
 n, scDtellum seen from above. 
 
 i. Kapala splendens xVshmeail, ■. . 
 5. Ladokapala gerrata Ashmead, ^ 
 (). Hcrbertia howardi Ashmeai], 9- 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol 
 
 Plate XXXVl. 
 
 1 Ijclap^ abdominaliti Aahiai'nil, ^' . 
 2. Chalcedectes annidipes Ashraesid, ^. 
 .'). Lycisca ignieauda Westwood, 9 • 
 
 4. Trigoiiodcrm branUiensis AshtUfad, 
 
 5. Epistenia basalis Walker, 9 • 
 
 (i. Pelecinella hnimrdi Aahmead, Q. 
 
•EIVEIliJIY Of llltSOlS 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol, 
 
 Plate XXXVII 
 
 1 . Ooderella smititi Ashiiiead, y . 
 
 2. Macreupelma brasilienm Ashraeacl, 
 
 3. Phlebopenes jM'rtijl A?.\nncai\, 9- 
 
 4. Encijrtaspis brcMiliensis Aslmiead, ^ . 
 
 5. IVichencyrtiis robiiihts Ai^hme&d, 9- 
 (). I'arenciirttts brasiliensii AshmcM], 9- 
 
iimm 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. 
 
 Plate XXXVIII. 
 
 1. yEitasius chapadw AshmeSLil, $. 
 
 2. Hemencyrtus herberti AnhiQeKd, Q . 
 
 3. Acanlliometopon clavicorne Ashmcad. C 
 
 Vnnilnlon vcrtlcilhila Asliincad, ', . 
 Hoiilucrejm bifasciaki Aslimead, (j'. 
 I'Atlophopteryx ehapadm Ashmead, 9- 
 
:m 
 
Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol 
 
 Plate XXXIX. 
 
 luticfl)!, AsllllH'H( 
 
 2. TetraMchm brimlieiim Xnhme&A, 9- 
 tStenomesins dimidiatus Ashmea<I, 9- 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Ablerus Howard, 345, 346, 365, 4!).s 
 Aciinthochalcis Cameron, 249, 365 
 Acanthometapon Ashmead, 314, 315, 365, 408 
 
 clavicorne, 4it.S 
 AcrrophaguH Smitli, 365 
 Acrias Walker, 344, 365 
 Acroclisis Forster, 330, 331, 365, 502 
 
 brasiliensis, 502 
 Acrocormus Forster, 283, 285, 365 
 xierostela Shipp., 365 
 Adelencyrtiis Ashmead, 304, 365 
 .Eua^ius Walker, 300, 307, 365, 406 
 
 chapadae, 406 
 .Eoloinorpha Dalla Torre, 365 
 .Epocenis Mayr, 274, 275, 365, 475 
 
 emarginatus Mayr, 475 
 
 excavatus Mayr, 475 
 
 flavomaculatus Mayr, 476 
 
 inflaticeps Mayr, 476 
 
 punctipennis Mayr, 476 
 
 simplex Mayr, 476 
 Mroxys AVestwood, Walker, 365 
 Agamerion Haliday, 281, 282, 365 
 Agaon Dalman, 333, 365 
 Agaouidffi, Family LX., 231, 394, 365, 394 
 Agaonina;, Subfamily I., 232, 394 
 Agonophorus Dalman, 364 
 Ailomorphus Walker, 210 
 Ailolomorpha Walker, 365 
 Ageniaspis Dalilbom, 302, 303, 309, 365 
 Ar/rianim AYalker, 365 
 Alaptus Haliday, 362, 365 
 Alophus Ashmead, 353, 365, 510 
 
 brasiliensis, 520 
 Allocera Sichel, 255, 365 
 Alloderma Ashmead, 273, 274, 365 
 Amblymerus Walker, 317, 365 
 Ametallon Ashmead, 344, 365, 511 
 
 chapadte, 511 
 
 Anioturu Cameron, 281, 282, 365 
 Anacryptns Kirby, 254, 365 
 Anagrus Haliday, 363, 366 
 Anaphes Haliday, 363 
 Anaphini, Tribe I., 363 
 
 Table of genera, 363 
 Anagyrus Howard, 294, 366 
 Anastatus Motschulsky, 290, 291, 366, 493 
 
 auriceps, 493 
 
 basal is, 494 
 
 coreophagus, 494 
 
 pleuralis, 494 
 
 punctiventris, 494 
 
 unifasciatus, 495 
 Aneristus Howard, 345, 346, 366 
 Aneure Nees, 366 
 Anicetus Howard, 305 
 Anoglyphis Forster, 284, 285, 366 
 Anogmus Forster, 323, 366 
 Anthemus Howard, 363, 366 
 Anthophornhia Newport, 366 
 Anfigastcr Walsh, 366 
 Antrocephalus Kirby, 255, 256, 366, 457 
 
 punctigerus Fabr., 457 
 Anusia Fiirster, 294, 296, 366 
 Anysis Howard, 366, 366 
 Aperilampus Walker, 266, 366 
 
 discolor Walk., 467 
 Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, 304, 310, 366, 497 
 
 brasiliensis, 407 
 
 ephytus Walk., 407 
 A])helininie, Subfamily II., 344, 511 
 
 Table of tribes, 344 
 Aphelinini, Tribe I., 345 
 Table of genera, 345 
 Aphelinus Dalman, 346, 366 
 Aphobetoideus Ashmead, 328, 366 
 Ajihobetus Howard, 328, 366 
 Aphyeus Mayr,^•502, .-'.OO, .366 
 
534 
 
 SPKCIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Apocrypta Coquerel, 23o, 366 
 Apocrypta Coquerel, 36(i 
 Apocryptophagiis Aslimead, 238, 366 
 Aprobosca Westwood, 360, 361, 366 
 Aprostocetus Westwood, 330, 3o0, 366 
 Apterolelaps Ashinead, 279 
 Arachnophaga Ashniead, 290, 29], 366 
 Aratus Howard, 300, 307, 366 
 Archiiius Howard, 299, 306, 366 
 Ardalus Howard, 352, 353, 366, 517 
 
 howardii, 517 
 Arescon Walker, 367 
 Arretocera Kirby, 254, 367 
 Arrhenophagini, Tribe IV., 311 
 
 Table of genera, 311 
 Arrhenophagus Aurivillius, 311, 367 
 Arthrolysis Fiirster, 276, 367 
 Arthrolytus Thomsou, 320, 322, 367 
 Asaphes Walker, 327, 367, 501 
 
 vulgaris Walk., 501 
 Asaphini, Tribe I., 327, 501 
 
 Table of genera, 327 
 Asecodes Fiirster, 342, 343 
 Aseiha Cameron, 367 
 Asemantus Forster, 274, 275, 367 
 Ashmeadia Howard, 367 
 Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 345, 346, 367, 511 
 
 citrinus, 511 
 Aspidocoris Costa, 367 
 Aspirhina Kirby, 255, 256, 367, 457 
 
 dubitator Walk , 457 
 Asteropffius Howard, 305, 367 
 Astichus Forster, 339, 340, 367 
 Astymachus Howard, 303, 309, 367 
 Asynacta Forster, 359, 367 
 Atropates Howard, 305, 367 
 Aidof/ymnun Forster, 367 
 Axima Walker, 258, 367, 458 
 
 l)rasiliensis, 459 
 
 brevicornis, 459 
 
 koebelei, 459 
 
 spinifrons, 459 
 Aximini, Tribe I., 258, 458 
 Aximogastra Aslimead, 261, 263, 367, 462 
 
 bahia;, 463 
 Aximopsis Aslimead, 259, 367, 460 
 
 Aximopsis morio, 460 
 
 BactryiHchion Costa, 367 
 
 Ba?ocharis Mayr, 394, 367 
 
 Bimfomvs Forster, 367 
 
 Bakha Walker, 367 
 
 Baryscapus Forster, 349, 350, 367 
 
 BeileruH Walker, 367 
 
 Belonea Westwood, 283, 367 
 
 Belonura Ashmead, 318, 321, 367 
 
 Bephrata Cameron, 261, 263, 368, 462 
 
 striatipes, 462 
 Berecyntus Howard, 299, 368 
 Blastophaga Graveuhorst, 233, 234, 394 
 
 bifossulata, 394 
 
 brasilieusis, 394 
 Blastothrix Mayr, 303, 309 
 Blatticida Ashmead, 305, 368 
 Blaphoniva Holmgren, 368 
 Blepyrus Howard, 300, 307, 368 
 Bootania Dalla Torre, 245, 368 
 Bothriothorax Eatzeburg, 300, 307, 368, 496 
 
 brasiliensis, 496 
 Bothryoihorax Kireliner, 368 
 Brachista Haliday, 359, 360, 368 
 Brachycaudonia Ashniead, 283, 285, 368 
 Brachycrepis Ashmead, 368 
 Brachyscelidiphaga Ashmead, 324, 325 
 Bvuehystkha Forster, 368 
 Brasema Cameron, 288, 368, 486 
 
 fascipenuis, 486 
 Bruchobius Ashmead, 314, 315 
 Bruchophagus Ashmead, 262, 263, 368 
 Bubekia Dalla Torre, 331, 332, 368 
 
 Cacotropia Motschulsky, 289, 368 
 Csenacis Forster, 316, 368 
 Genocrepis Thomsou, 368 
 Calleptiles Haliday, 368 
 Callimomus Thomson, 241, 242, 368 
 Qtlimomc Spinola, 368 
 Calliopferoma Dalla Torre, 3()8 
 Callipteroma Motschulsky, 304, 368 
 Cumtula Spinola, 368 
 Caloceriuus Howard, 293, 368 
 Calosoter Walker, 288, 290 
 Calyostkhus Ashmead, 368 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 535 
 
 Calypso Haliday, 272 
 Cameronella Dalla Torre, 283, 869 
 Camptoptera Forster, 362, 369 
 Caraphractus Haliday, 3()4, 369 
 Caratomus Thomson, 369 
 Cardiogaster Motschulsky, 326, 369 
 Catolaccus Thomson, 320, 322, 369 
 Caudonia Walker, 283, 285, 369 
 Cea Haliday, 283, 369 
 Cecidostiba Thomson, 316, 362 
 Cecidoxenus Ashmead, 274, 275, 369 
 Centrobia Forster, 360, 361, 369 
 Centrodora FiJrster, 346, 369 
 Cephaleta Motschulsky, 326, 369 
 Cerambycobia Ashmead, 289, 291, 369 
 Ceranisus Walker, 349, 350, 369 
 Cerapterocerus Westwood, 305, 310, 369 
 Ch-atomus Dalman, 369 
 Ceratoneura Ashmead, 347, 369 
 Ceratoneurini, Tribe I., 347 
 Ceratosmicra Ashmead, 251, 253, 369 
 
 flava, (left out through an error) 
 
 koebelei, (left out through an error) 
 Ceratosoleus Mayr, 233, 234, 369 
 Cerchysius Westwood, 299, 302, 369 
 Cercobelus Walker, 306, 311, 369 
 Cerocephala Westwood, 334, 369 
 Chcetospila Westwood, 369 
 Chietosticha Haliday, 360, 361, 369 
 Chalcaspis Howard, 300, 307, 369 
 Chalcidida;, Family LXII., 246, 369, 402 
 Chalcidina;, Subfamily II., 247, 405 
 
 Table of tribes, 248 
 Chalcidini, Tribe I., 248, 405 
 
 Table of genera, 248 
 Chalcidiscelis Ashmead, 281 
 Chalcedactes Walker, 281, 369, 483 
 
 annulepes, 483 
 
 histrio, 483 
 
 maculicornis, 483 
 
 regalis, 483 
 
 sedecemdentata, 483 
 
 septemdentata, 483 
 Chalcedectinje, Subfamily I., 281, 483 
 Chalcis Fabr., 249, 250, 369, 408 
 
 acideata Walk., 408 
 
 Chalcis annulata Fabr., 408 
 
 augarus Walk., 409 
 
 docreta Walk., 409 
 
 enrytomoides Walk., 409 
 
 ferniginea, 409 
 
 fervida, 409 
 
 implexa, 409 
 
 minuta, 409 
 
 mnestor, 410 
 
 orseis, 410 
 
 producta, 411 
 
 quadripunctata, 411 
 
 serripes, 411 
 
 subfasciata, 411 
 
 testacea, 411 
 
 vicaria, 411 
 
 villosa, 411 
 Chalcitella Westwood, 254, 369 
 Chalcitellini, Tribe III., 254, 457 
 
 Table of genera, 254 
 Chalcites Heer, 364, 369 
 Cha/codrctrs Dalla Torre, 369 
 Chahodedhuv Dalla Torre, 281 
 Chalcura Kirby, 268, 269, 370 
 Charitolophus Forster, 289, 370 
 Charitopus Fi3rster, 288, 370 
 Chartoceriis Motschulsky, 340 
 Cheiloneurus Westwood, 304, 310, 370 
 Cheiropachys Westwood, 283, 284, 370 
 Chestomorpha Ashmead, 300, 306, 370 
 C/iiroccras Latrcille, 370 
 Chirorrrns Ilrulie, 370 
 Chirolophus Haliday, 288, 290, 370 
 C/iiropachus Agassiz, 370 
 Chiropachys Thomson, 370 
 Choreia Westwood, 304, 310 
 ('lif)vvim Westwood, 370 
 Choreia Vollenhoven, 370 
 Chryseida Spinola, 261, 262, 461 
 
 ajneiventris, 462 
 
 amazouica, 461 
 
 cyanea Fabr., 461 
 
 superciliosa Westw., 462 
 Chrysoatonius A.shmead, 342, 370 
 Chrysocharis Fiirster, 340, 370 
 Chrysocharodes Ashmead, 370 
 
536 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Chrvsocharoideus Ashmead, 370 
 Chrysoglyphe Ashmead, 313, 314, 370 
 Chrysolampus Spinola, 266, 370 
 ChrysomaUa Fiirster, 266, 370 
 Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 344, 370 
 Chrysoplatycerus Ashmead, 305, 316, 370 
 Chrysopopiiagus Ashmead, 293, 297, 370 
 CirrospUus Fcirster, 370 
 Cirrospilus Westvvood, 354, 355, 370 
 Cirrospiloideus Ashmead, 354, 355, 370 
 CleonymidiE, Family LXVII., 280, 483 
 
 Table of subfamilies, 280 
 CleonymiuiE, Subfamily II., 282, 484 
 Cleonymus Latreille, 283, 284, 370, 485 
 
 collaris, 485 
 Cleptimorpha Walker, 281, 370 
 Ckptomorpha Dalla Torre, 371 
 Closterocerus Westwood, 340, 504 
 
 cercius Walk., 504 
 
 pelor Walk., 504 
 
 xenodice Walk., 504 
 Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, 302, 309, 371, 497 
 
 vitis, 497 
 Coccobius Ratzeburg, 306, 311, 371 
 Coccophagus Westwood, 345, 346, 371 
 Coccophoctonus Ashmead, 301, 307, 371 
 Coelocyba Ashmead, 324, 325, 371 
 Codogaster Schrank, 371 
 Ccelopisthia FiSrster, 320, 322, 371 
 Ccelopisthus Thomson, 371 
 Ccelops Kriechbaumer, 371 
 Ccenocereus Thomson, 371 
 Colas Curtis, 371 
 Colax Curtis, 371 
 
 Colotrochninffi, Subfamily IV., 285 
 Colotrochnus Thomson, 286, 371 
 Colyostichus Mayr, 238, 240, 371, 296 
 
 longicaudis Mayr, 396 
 Comedo Schrank, 371 
 Corny 8 Forster, 371 
 Conura Spinola, 255, 256, 371, 457 
 
 annulipes, 457 
 
 flavicaus, 457 
 Copidosoma Ratzeburg, 299, 306, 371 
 Coi-una Walker, 371 
 Coryna Reinhard, 371 
 
 Corynocera Nees, 371 
 Cosmocoma Forster, 371 
 Crnnior Haliday, 371 
 Cratffipus Forster, 349, 350, 371 
 Cratomini, Tribe IV., 332 
 
 Table of genera, 333, 371 
 Cratomus Dalman, 333 
 Cratotrechus Thomson, 357, 371 
 Cricellius Thomson, 313, 314, 371 
 Criiogastev Mayr, 371 
 
 piliventris, 396 
 
 nuda, 396 
 Crossogaster Mayr, 235, 371 
 Cryptopristus Forster, 243, 244, 372 
 Cryptoprymna Forster, 330, 332, 372 
 Cryptopryiiinus Thomson, 372 
 Cycloneura Dahlbom, 372 
 Cyniphodonus Reinhard, 372 
 Oynipsichneumon Christ, 364, 372 
 Cynipsillum Lamarck, 372 
 Cyrtogaster Walker, 330, 332, 372 
 Cyrtosoma Curtis, 372 
 
 Dasyghnes Ashmead, 372 
 
 Decatoma Spinola, 265, 372 
 
 iBquiramulis, (left out through an error) 
 breviramulis, " " 
 
 lougiramulis, " " 
 
 Decatomidea Ashmead, 262, 372 
 
 Decatomini, Tribe V., 265 
 
 Decatomothorax Ashmead, 273, 274, 372, 510 
 
 Derostenus Westwood, 342, 343, 372 
 alcestas, 510 
 
 Destefania Dalla Torre, 268, 269, 372 
 
 Diamorm Mayr, 400 
 variabilis, 400 
 
 Diamorus Walker, 243, 372, 399 
 
 Diaulus Ashmead, 356, 372 
 
 Diaulomorpha Ashmead, 356 
 
 Dibrachys Fiirster, 320, 322, 372 
 
 Dicellorerus Mengel, 372 
 
 Dkhalysin F;)rster, 372 
 
 Dichatomus Forster, 352, 353, 372 
 
 Dicladocerus Westwood, 358, 372 
 
 Dicoelothorax Ashmead, 268, 270, 372, 470 
 platycerus, 470 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 537 
 
 iJicormus Fiir.ster, 372 
 Dicylus Walker, 277, 3^, 477 
 
 arduine, 477 
 
 lynastes, 477 
 Diglochis Forstflr, 320, 322, 372 
 Dif/!;/phift Thomson, 372 
 Diglyphomorplia Asbmead, 3o2, 353, 372 
 Dif/hiphuH Thomson, 372 
 Diglyphus AV^alker, 358, 372 
 Dilocantha Shipp., 268, 270, 372, 471 
 
 flavicornis, 471 
 DilophoffaMer Howard, 372 
 Dimachus Thomson, 270, 372 
 Dimmoctia Ashmead, 357, 372 
 Dinarmus Thomson, 276, 373 
 Dinocarsis Forster, 294, 373 
 Dinotus Forster, 316, 373 
 Dinoura Ashmead, 284, 285 
 Dipara Walker, 335, 373 
 Diparinse, Subfamily V., 334 
 
 Table of genera, 334 
 Dipledron Dahlbom, 373 
 Diplodontia Ashmead, 252, 254, 373 
 Diplolepis Fabricius, 364, 373 
 Dirhicnus Thomson, 314, 315, 373 
 Dirhinini, Tribe V., 257, 458 
 
 Table of genera, 257 
 Dirliiniis Dalman, 257, 373 
 Din-hinus Dalla Torre, 373 
 Dkcodefi Forster, 373 
 Disema Forster, 275, 276, 373 
 Doriclytiis Forster, 363, 373 
 DonjchjtuH Dalla Torre, 373 
 
 K.<hnntia Walker, 241, 242,373 
 Krhlhrop/rrlis Dalla Torre, 373 
 Kchtliroplcxis Forster, 302, 308, 373 
 Eeri/otes Forster, 272, 373 
 Eetroma Westwood, 294, 373 
 Ectromini, Tribe I., 292 
 
 Table of genera, 293 
 Eisenia Ashmead, 233, 234, 373, 394 
 
 flaviscapa, 394 
 Elachertinaj, Subfamily IV., 350, 516 
 
 Table of tribes, 351 
 Elachertini, Tribe III., 354, 520 
 
 Elacliertini, Table of genera, 354 
 Elachertomorplia Ashmead, 352, 373, 51 H 
 
 flaviceps, 518 
 Elachertus Spinola, 354, 355, 373, 520 
 
 catta, 520 
 
 gyes, 520 
 Elachcstm Walker, 373 
 Elachktokhv , 350 
 Elachistm Forster, 373 
 Elasmidic, Family LXX., 335, 502 
 
 Table of genera, 335 
 Elasmus Westwood, 336, 373, 502 
 
 brasiliensi.s, 502 
 
 chapadae, 502 
 
 peraffinis, 503 
 Elatus Walker, 266, 373 
 Encarsia Forster, 345, 346 
 Encyrtaspis Ashmead, 290, 492 
 
 brasiliensis, 492 
 Encyrtidtc, Family LXA^II., 286, 486 
 
 Table of subfamilies, 286 
 Encyrtina}, Siil)family II., 292, 496 
 
 Table of tribes, 292 
 Eneyrtini, Tribe II., 297 
 
 Table of genera, 297 
 Encyrtocephalus Ashmead, 255, 256 
 Encyrtus Latreille, 297, 373 
 
 vitis, 497 
 Endomyehobius Ashmead, 318, 321, 373 
 Eniaca Kirby, 257, 374 
 Enneasmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 374, 449 
 
 exinaniens, 449 
 
 corumbensis, 449 
 
 incerla, 449 
 Enneaionm Daiilbom, 374 
 Entedon Dalman, 342, 343, 374, 509 
 
 antander, 509 
 
 badius, 509 
 
 emperamtis, 509 
 
 flacilla, 509 
 
 hegek)ehus, 509 
 
 thestis, 510 
 
 ufens, 510 
 Entedoninw, Subfamily I., 337, 503 
 
 Table of tribes, 337 
 Entedonini, Tribe III., 340, 504 
 
538 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Epiclems Haliday, 374 
 Kpicopteriis Westwood, 274, 27o, 374 
 Epiencyrtu.s Ashmead, 304, 374 
 Epiuceoideiis Ashmead, 374 
 Epiuffius Kirby, 251, 253, 374, 449 
 
 dux, 449 
 Epinaus Walker, 374 
 Epipteromelus Ashmead, 319, 321 
 Epistenia Westwood, 282, 284, 374, 485 
 
 fequalis, 485 
 
 ania, 485 
 
 basalis, 485 
 
 qiiadriplagiata, 485 
 
 scutata, 485 
 Epitelia Kirby, 249, 250, 374, 408 
 
 aculeata,- 408 
 
 basalis, 408 
 
 stylata, 408 
 Epitranus Walker, 250, 253, 374, 412 
 
 fulvescens, 412 
 Eretomocerus Haldemau, 347, 374 
 Ericydnus Walker, 293, 296, 374 
 EnophUus Haldeman, 374 
 Erotolepsia Howard, 272, 374 
 Etroxys Westwood, 313, 314, 374 
 Euargopelte Forster, 326, 374 
 Euchalcis Dufour, 255-, 256, 374 
 Eucharida, Family LXV., 266, 467 
 
 Table of genera, 267 
 Eucharis Latreille, 267, 269, 374, 467 
 
 discerodera, 467 
 Eucharissa Westwood, 267, 269, 374 
 Euchrysia Westwood, 281, 282, 374 
 Eueomys Forster, 374 
 P^udecatoma Ashmead, 265, 374 
 Euderus Haliday, 339, 340, 374 
 Euderus Thomson, 374 
 Eadoxima Walker, 374 
 Eudoxinna Walker, 262, 263, 374, 465 
 
 transversa Walk, 465 
 Eulophidfe, Family LXXL, 336, 503 
 
 Table of subfamilies, 337 
 EulophinsD, Subfamily V., 355, 520 
 
 Table of tribes, 356 
 Eulophini, Tribe I., 356, 520 
 Eulophopteryx Ashmead, 341, 342, 374, 506 
 
 Eulophopteryx chapadse, 506 
 Eulophus Geoifroy, 357, 374, 520 
 
 laouome, 520 
 
 rhianus, 521 
 Euneura Walker, 329, 375 
 Eunotina;, Subfamily III., 325 
 
 Table of genera, 325 
 Eunotus AValker, 326, 375 
 Euophthalnomyia Ashmead, 339, 340, 375 
 Euoxysoma Ashmead, 259, 260, 375 
 Eupelmiuie, Subfamily I., 287, 486 
 
 Table of tribes, 287 
 Eupelmini, Tribe I., 287, 486 
 
 Table of genera, 247 
 Eupelminus Dalla Torre, 289, 375 
 Eupelmus Dalmau, 29, 289, 375 
 
 acaudus, 488 
 
 americanus, 487 
 
 amillaris, 488 
 
 apicalis, 489 
 
 aprilLs, 489 
 
 basicupreus, 388 
 
 chapadte, 489 
 
 compressiventris, 489 
 
 corumbse, 490 
 
 excellens, 488 
 
 koebelei, 488 
 
 magniclavatus, 490 
 
 persimilis, 489 
 
 proximus, 488 
 
 santaremensis, 489 
 
 simillimus, 490 
 
 unifasciatus, 490 
 Euperilampus Walker, 266, 375 
 Eupleetrini, Tribe I., 351, 516 
 
 Table of genera, 351 
 Euplectrus Westwood, 351, 375, 487, 516 
 
 brasiliensis, 516 
 
 chapadaj, 516, 517 
 
 corumbre, 516, 517 
 
 solitarius, 516, 517 
 EuprLstina Saunders, 233, 334, 375 
 Evpsilocera Westwood, 375 
 Euryeephalus Ashmead, 375 
 Eurycranium Ashmead, 326, 375 
 Eurydinota Forster, 331, 332, 375 
 
SPECIAL INPKX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 539 
 
 Euryischia Howard, 336, 375 
 Euryophrys Forster, 375 
 Euryrhopalus Howard, 301, 307, 375 
 Euryscapm Forster, 375 
 Eurytomidse, Family LXIII., 257, 458 
 
 Table of tribes, 258 
 Eiirytomini, Tribe III., 260, 461 
 
 Table of genera. 261, 464 
 Eurytoma Illiger, 262, 263, 375 
 
 argentata, 464 
 
 ciiclus, 464 
 
 meliea, 465 
 
 meuon, 465 
 
 pallidiceps, 465 
 
 philager, 464 
 
 pomorum, 465 
 
 simplex, 465 
 Eiiytomocharis A.shmead, 262, 263, 365 
 Eusandalum Ratzeburg, 288, 290, 375 
 Emcapim Dahlbom, 375 
 Eusemion Dahlbom, 305, 310, 375 
 Eustodms Haliday, 363, 375 
 Eustypiura Ashmead, 251, 253, 375, 412 
 
 bicolor, 412 
 
 sexmaculata, 412 
 
 smithii, 413 
 Eutelini, Tribe III., 317, 498 
 
 Table of genera, 317 
 Eutelus Walker, 317 
 Eutriche Nees, 375 
 
 Eutrichosoma Ashmead, 291, 292, 375 
 Exochlaenus Shipp, 247, 375, 405 
 
 amphidioides, 405 
 Exurus Philippi, 375 
 
 Families, table of, 228 
 Elobrinus Rondani, 375 
 Forsterella Dalla Torre, 338, 375 
 Froggattea Ashmead, 238, 241, 375 
 
 Gaharia Brull^, 376 
 (ianahlia Dalla Torre, 376 
 Ganosoma Mayr, 376 
 Gastracaufhiis Westwood, 376 
 Gastrancistrus Westwood, 273, 275, 376, 41 
 cephalou, 475 
 
 Gastrancistrus fiilginans, 475 
 poUes, 475 
 vonones, 475 
 Geniocerus Ratzeburg, 376 
 Gitognathus Thom.son, 278, 279, 376 
 Glyphe Walker, 376 
 Gli/phomerus Fiirster, .376 
 Gnatho Curtis, 376 
 Gonatocerina;, Subfamily I., 362, 521 
 
 Table of tribes, 362 
 Gonatocerini, Tribe II., 362, 521 
 
 Table of genera, 362 
 Gouatocerus Nees, 362, 376 
 Goniocerus Nees, 376 
 Goniogaster Mayr, 238, 240, 376 
 Gyrolasia Forster, 349 
 Habritus Thomson, 276, 576 
 Habrocytus Thomson, 316, 317, 376 
 Habrolepis Fiirster, 305, 310, 311, 376 
 Habrolepoidea Howard, 295, 376 
 Habrolepopteryx Ashmead, 295, 376 
 Halulayelta Dalla Torre, 376 
 ILdidca Forster, 376 
 Halizoa Fiirster, 376 
 Halticella Fiirster, 376 
 Haltichella Spinola, 255, 256, 376, 457 
 
 dorsalis, 457 
 
 remoter, 457 
 Haltichcllini, Tribe IV., 254, 457 
 
 Table of genera, 254 
 Halticoptera Spinola, 277, 376, 476 
 
 cleordora, 476 
 
 herse, 4 7 (J 
 
 scriaster, 477 
 HaUicopterini, Tribe I., 277, 476 
 
 Table of genera, 277 
 Harmolita Motscluilsky, 376 
 Jlannolytd Dalla Torre, 377 
 Hemsenasius Ashmead, 300, 377 
 Hemencyrtus Ashmead, 301, 307, 377, 496 
 
 herl)erti, 496 
 Hemiptarsenini, Tribe II., 358 
 
 Table of genei-a, 358 
 Hemiptarseinis Westwood, 358, 377 
 Hemitorymus Ashmead, 243, 244, 377, 
 400 
 
540 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Hemitorymus thoracicus, 401 
 Hemitrichus Thomson, 276, 377 
 Henicctrus Thomson, 377 
 Henicopygus Ashmead, 294, 377 
 Heptacondyla Rondani, 377 
 Heptasmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 377, 451 
 
 adscita, 451 
 
 affinis, 452 
 
 captiva, 451 
 
 chrysomeras, 451 
 
 limaticoxalis, 452 
 
 longicaudala, 452 
 
 obliterata, 451 
 
 persimilis, 452 
 
 quadrimaculata, 453 
 Heptomerus Rondani, 377 
 Herbertia Howard, 272, 377 
 
 braseliensis, 474 
 
 howardi 474 
 Heterandrium Mayr, 238, 377 
 
 biannulatum, 397 
 Heterarthrellus Howard, 303, 309, 377 
 Hetrm-ys AVestwood, 377 
 Hexacladia Ashmead, 301, 308, 377, 496 
 
 smithii, 496 
 Hexasraicra Ashmead, 242, 377, 454 
 
 transversa, 454 
 
 trinidadensis, 454 
 
 brasiliensis, 454 
 Heydenia FBrster, 282, 284, 377 
 Hippocephalns Ashmead, 377 
 Hippota Walker, 256, 257, 377 
 Hockeria Walker, 255, 256, 377 
 Holaspis Mayr, 242, 243, 377 
 Holcffius Thomson, 313, 314, 377 
 Holcencyrtus Ashmead, 303, 309, 377 
 Holcopelte Fiirster, 377 
 Holcopeltoideus Ashmead, 341, 342, 377 
 Hokothorax Mayr, 377 
 Homalopoda Howard, 305, 377 
 Homalotylus Mayr, 301, 308, 377 
 Homoporus Thomson, 324, 378 
 Hontalia Cameron, 257, 378, 458 
 
 cameroni, 458 
 Hontalia kirbyi, 458 
 iiboA-eriVt'Holmgren, 378 
 
 Hoplocrepis Ashmead, 341, 342, 378, 505 
 
 bifasciata, 505 
 
 brasiliensis, 505 
 Hoplopsis Destefani, 290, 378 
 Horismenus Walker, 341, 342, 378, 507 
 
 seneicollis, 507, 508 
 
 bisulcus, 507 
 
 corumbse, 507, 508 
 
 persimilis, 507, 508 
 Ilormoccrus Forster, 378 
 Howardia Dalla Torre, 378 
 Howardidla Dalla Torre, 297, 378 
 Hubbardiella Ashmead, 339, 340, 378 
 Hybothorax Ratzeburg, 256, 257, 378 
 Hyperbius Forster, 378 
 Hyperteles Forster, 348, 350, 378 
 Hypopteromalus Ashmead, 320, 378 
 Hypsicamera Forster, 329, 378 
 
 IdarneUa Westwood, 378 
 
 Idarnes Walker, 238, 239, 378, 395 
 
 attenuatus, 395 
 
 brevicollis, 395 
 
 carme, 395 
 
 coriaria, 395 
 
 forticornis, 395 
 
 gracilicornis, 395 
 
 parallella, 395 
 
 punctata Mayr, 396 
 Idarninse, Subfamily I., 237, 395 
 
 Table of genera, 237 
 Idoleupelmus Ashmead, 289, 378, 487 
 
 annulicornis, 489 
 Tsanisa Walker, 378 
 Ischnopsis Ashmead, 289, 378, 487 
 
 thoracica, 487 
 
 cyanea, 487 
 Isocratas Forster, 378 
 Isocyrtus Walker, 318, 321, 378 
 Isodromus Howard, 301, 308, 378 
 Isomcralia Shipp., 268, 270, 378, 471 
 
 coronata, 471 
 Isoplatini, Tribe III., 324 
 
 Table of genera, 324 
 Isoplata Forster, 324, 378 
 Isosoma Walker, 259, 260, 378, 461 
 
'lAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 541 
 
 Isosoma orchidiarum, 461 
 Isosomini, Tribe II., 259, 4G() 
 
 Table of genera, 259 
 Isosomocharis Ashmead, 259, 260, 378 
 Isosomodes Ashmead, 259, 2(J0, 378, 4G0 
 
 brasiliensis, 460 
 
 nigriceps, 461 
 Isosoinorpha Ashmead, 259, 260, 378 
 
 Kapala Cameron, 269, 270, 378, 472 
 
 alta, 472 
 
 auchara, 472 
 
 atrata, 473 
 
 cynipsea, 473 
 
 diceradera, 473 
 
 furcata, 472 
 
 inexagens, 472 
 
 reflexa, 473 
 
 splendens, 473 
 Koebelea Ashmead, 238, 239, 378 
 Kradebia Saunders, 233, 234, 379 
 Kriechbaumerella Dalla Torre, 256, 257, 379 
 
 Lcelups Dalla Torre, 379 
 
 Txestliia Haliday, 379 
 
 Lffitocantha Shipp, 268, 270, 379 
 
 Lamprostylus Forster, 379 
 
 Lamprotatus Westwood, 278, 279, 379, 477 
 
 alcander, 477 
 
 bisaltes, 477 
 
 ciccina, 477 
 
 dioxippes, 477 
 
 cleus, 478 
 
 hages, 478 
 
 nsevolus, 478 
 
 natta, 478 
 
 minutus, 478 
 
 orobia, 478 
 
 tiibero, 478 
 Larradomorpha Stadelraan, 249, 250, 379 
 Lasiokapala Ashmead, 269, 270, 379, 473 
 
 serrata, 474 
 Laaionychus Shipp., 379 
 Lathromeris FSrster, 360, 361, 379 
 Lecauiobius A.shmead, 290, 379 
 Leimacis Forster, 362. 379 
 
 Lelapinffi, Subfamily IV., 279, 479 
 
 Table of genera, 279 
 Lelaps Haliday, 279, 280, 379 
 
 abdominalis, 481 
 
 seneiceps, 481 
 
 affiuis, 480 
 
 apicalis, 479 
 
 avicula, 479 
 
 biraaculata, 482 
 
 callisto, 479 
 
 decorata, 479 
 
 ferruginea, 480 
 
 halidayi, 481 
 
 picta, 479 
 
 stylata, 482 
 Leptomastix For.ster, 294, 379 
 Lcm-ospis Burmeister, 379 
 Leucodesmia Howard, 352, 353, 379, 518 
 
 flaviceps, 518 
 Leucojjsis Olivier, 379 
 Leucospidinse, Subfamily 1., 246, 402 
 
 Table of genera, 247 
 Leucospis Fabricius, 247, 379, 403 
 
 affinis, 403 
 
 euderleini, 405 
 
 anthidoides, 405 
 
 cupreoviridis, 404 
 
 cayennensis, 403 
 
 coxalis, 403 
 
 distinguenda, 404 
 
 hopei, 404 
 
 ignota, 404 
 
 egaia, 404 
 
 leucotelus, 404 
 
 propinguus, 404 
 
 santareniensi.s, 404 
 
 speifera, 405 
 Limaeis Dalla Torre. 379 
 Liocarus Thomson, 379 
 Lioterphus Thomson, 241, 242, 379 
 Liothorax Mayr, 299, 306, 379 
 Lii-ata Cameron, 268, 270, 379, 471 
 batesella, 471 
 pallescens, 471 
 Lirata surgens, 472 
 Litomastix Thomson, 299, 379 
 
542 
 
 SPECIAT. INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Litus Haliday, 379 
 
 Lochites Fiirster, 241, 242, 379, 397 
 
 auriceps, 397 
 
 salcius, 397 
 Lonchanteilon Ratzeburg, 379 
 Lonchocerus Dahlbom, 379 
 Lophocomodia Ashmead, 314, 315, 379 
 Lophocomus Haliday, 341, 342, 379, 506 
 
 auaitis, 506 
 
 cyaneus, 506 
 Lophyrocera Cameron, 268, 269, 379 
 Leptoditcs Rondani, 380 
 Leptodytes Roudani, 380 
 Liitues Cameron, 380 
 Lycisca Spinola, 282, 284, 380, 484 
 
 apicalis, 484 
 
 hastata, 484 
 
 ignicauda, 484 
 
 maonli])ennis, 484 
 
 raptaria, 484 
 
 romaudii, 484 
 
 westwoodii, 484 
 Lymceon Walker, 380 
 Lyrcus Walker, 364, 380, 476 
 
 origo 476 
 
 Macreupelmus Ashmead, 289, 291, 380, 487 
 
 brasilieusis, 487 
 Macroglenes Westwood, 272, 380 
 Macromesus Walker, 284, 285, 380 
 Maaroneura Walker, 380 
 Macrorileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 380 
 Maerostigma Rondani, 365, 380 
 Malfettia Meunier, 380 
 Marietta Motschulsky, 346, 380 
 Marres Walker, 247, 380 
 Megalocolus Kirby, 249, 380 
 Magapelte Forster, 380 
 Megastigminte, Subfamily V., 244, 401 
 
 Table of genera, 244 
 Megastigmus Dalman, 245, 380, 401 
 Megorismus Walker, 278, 380 
 Melanosraicra Ashmead, 251, 253, 380 
 
 clavata Fabr., 448 
 Melanosmicra immaculata, 448 
 Melittobia Westwood, 348, 380 
 
 Meraporus Walker, 319, 321, 380 
 Merisinse, Subfamily II., 322 
 
 Table of tribes, 322 
 Merisini, Tribe II., 323 
 
 Table of genera, 323 
 Merisus Walker, 324 
 Merismus Walker, 330, 331, 380 
 MeroIUpn Rondani, 380 
 Meromaliis Walker, 380 
 Meromyzobia Ashmead, 293, 296, 380 
 Meroporus Blanchard, 380 
 Meroporus Walker, 380 
 Merostenus Walker, 284, 285, 380 
 Mesidia Forster, 346, 380 
 Mesolelaps Ashmead, 279, 280 
 Mesopolobus Westwood, 317, 318, 381 
 Mestocharis Forster, 341, 343, 381 
 Metacolus Forster, 315, 316, 381 
 Metadontia Ashmead, 252, 254, 381, 453 
 
 flavolineata, 453 
 
 similis, 453 
 
 affinis, 454 
 Metagea Kirby, 267, 269, 381 
 Metallon Walker, 305, 311, 381 
 Metallopsis Westwood, 381 
 MetcDiiorpha Walker, 381 
 Metapachia Westwood, 320, 322, 381 
 Metapelma Westwood, 288, 290, 381 
 Metapon Walker, 314, 315, 381, 497 
 
 brasiliense, 497 
 
 magniclavatum, 497 
 Metaponini, Tribe I., 319 
 
 Table of genera, 319 
 Metastenini, Tribe II., 275, 476 
 Metastenus Walker, 275, 276, 381 
 Mddpopachia Dalla Torre, 381 
 Mefopum Forster, 381 
 Micradelus Walker, 283, 284, 381 
 Micranisa Walker, 238 
 Micrapiou Kriechbaumer, 381 
 Microlytus Thomson, 357, 381 
 Microma Curtis, 381 
 Mieromelus Walker, 323, 324, 381 
 Microplectron Dahlbom, 357, 381 
 Microterus Spinola, 381 
 Micrott^rys Thomson, 303, 310,381 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 543 
 
 Miotropis Thomson, 352, 353, 381 
 Mira Scliellenberg, 299, 306, 381 
 Mirini, Tribe III., 298, 496 
 
 Table of genera, 289 
 Mirocerus Ashmeail, 309 
 Mischogastcr Howard, 381 
 Mischosmicra Ashmead, 251, 253 
 Miscogaster Walker, 278, 279, 381, 479 
 
 aphareus, 479 
 
 nicetiis, 479 
 
 tyche, 479 
 MiscogastcridsE, Family LXVI., 270, 474 
 
 Table of subfamiles, 271 
 Micogasterinaj, 271 
 
 Table of tribes, 271 
 Mi.scogasterini, Tribe II., 278, 47G 
 
 Table of genera, 278 
 Mis'ina Rondani, 381 
 Misocumpus Latreille, 381 
 Mhockaris Eon dan i, 381 
 Misocoris Rondani, 381 
 Mnoonema Motschulsky, 326, 381 
 Monobffius Forster, 245, 382 
 Moiiodontomerina;, Subfamily III., 242 
 
 Table of genera, 242 
 Monodontx)merus Westwood, 243, 382, 399 
 
 phormio AValker, 399 
 Moranila Cameron, 382 
 Mormoniella Ashmead, 316, 317,382 
 Muscidia Motsi^hulsky, 326, 382 
 MuHcidides Motschulsky, 325 
 Myina Nees, 382 
 
 Myiocnema Ashmead, 345, 346, 382 
 Myiomim Rondani, 382 
 Mymar, Haliday, 364, 382 
 MymaridiB, Family LXXIII., 361, 521 
 
 Table of sul)families, 3(J2 
 MymarinsB, Subfamily II., 363, 521 
 
 Table of tribes, 363 
 Mymarini, Tribe II., 363, 521 
 
 Table of genera, 363 
 Mymarilla Westwood, 363, 364, 382 
 Myrmecomemesis Dalla Torra, 289, .'582 
 Mi/rmecopsif Walker, 382 
 Nannocerus Mayr, 382 
 Nasonia Ashmead, 317, 318 
 
 Necremnus Thomson, 358 
 Neocatolajcus Ashmead, 320, 322 
 Neochalcis Kirby, 255, 256, 382 
 Neolelaps Ashmead, 279 
 Neorileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 382, 416 
 
 flavipes, 466 
 Nesomyia Ashmead, 344, 382 
 Xohrimun Thomson, 382 
 Norbanus Walker, 320, 364, 382 
 Notanisomorpha Ashmead, 356, 382 
 Notauisus Walker, 284, 382 
 Notaspidium Dalla Torre, 255, 256, 382. 
 lYofaspk Walker, 382 
 Notopodion Dahlbom, 382 
 
 Octosmicra Ashmead, 252, 253, 382, 450 
 
 attalica, 450 
 
 correcta 450 
 
 referator, 450 
 
 nigromaculata, 450 
 
 trimaculata, 451 
 Odopcm Dalla Torre, 382 
 Odopoia Walker, 245, 382 
 Oligosita Haliday, 359, 360, 382 
 Oligositina;, Subfamily I., 359 
 
 Table of genera, 359 
 Oligostenus Forster, 243, 383 
 f}/inx Mayr, 383 
 Olynx Forster, 354, 355, 383 
 Omphale Haliday, 339, 340, 383, 504 
 
 basiliensis, 504 
 Omphalini, Tribe II., 338, 504 
 
 Table of genera, 339 
 Oootonini, Tribe I., 362 
 
 Table of genera, 362 
 Ooetonus Haliday, 362, 383 
 Oodera Westwood, 288, 290, 383 
 Ooderella Ashmead, 288, 290, 383, 486 
 
 smithii, 486 
 Ooencyrtus Ashmead, 302, 309, 383 
 Oomyzus Rondani, 383 
 Oophthora Aurivellius, 383 
 OplH-Hmiis Dalla Torre, 383 
 Oplu-linini, Tribe II., 352 
 Opheliiiiiii, Table of genera, 351, 517 
 Ophel in us Haliday, 383 
 
544 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Ophelosia Riley, 328, 383 
 Ophionus Katzebiirg, 383 
 Ophioneurm Katzeburg, 383 
 Orasemus Cameron, 267, 2G9, 383, 4G8 
 
 festiva, 468 
 
 rapo, 468 
 Ormocerus Walker, 278, 283 
 Ormyrinse, Subfamily VI., 245 
 
 Table of genera, 245 
 Ormyrus Westwood, 245, 383, 401 
 
 brasiliensis, 401 
 Otetcsella Westwood, 240, 383 
 Oxycoryphc Kriecbbaumer, 249, 283 
 Oxyglypta Forster, 273, 275, 383 
 Oxymorplta Forster, 383 
 
 Pachycems Ratzeburg, 383 
 Pachychirus Agassiz, 383 
 Paehycrepis Forster, 329, 383 
 Pachycrepoideus Ashmead, 329, 383 
 PachyhuthruH AVestwood, 383 
 Pachyneuron Walker, 329, 383 
 Pachyueuroniui, Tribe II., 329 
 
 Table of genera, 329 
 Pachyscapha Howard, 351, 383 
 Pacbytoraus Westwood, 244, 383 
 Packai-diella Ashmead, 364 
 Pakeomymar Meunler, 383 
 Palnion Dalman, 384 
 Pandelus Forster, 315, 316,384 
 Panstenon AValker, 334, 335, 384 
 Panthaiis Cameron, 3.S4 
 Panthus Walker, 384 
 Papbagus Walker, 319, 384, 499 
 
 sidero Walk., 499 
 Paracaratomns Ashmead, 333, 384 
 Paracentrobia Howard, .360, 384 
 Paracrias A.shmead, 343, 344, :'.S4, 510 
 
 laticeps, 510 
 Paralae-sthia Cameron, 334, .384 
 Paraolinx Ashmead, 354, .■*X4 
 Parapsilophrys Howard, 299, .306 
 Parasaphes Ashmead, 328 
 Paraspalaugia Ashmead, 3.34 
 Paraterobia Ashmead, 274, 275 
 Parencyrtus Ashmead, 299, .306, 49{) 
 
 brasiliensis, 496 
 Petliobiini, Tribe IV., 343, 510 
 
 Table of genera, 343 
 Pediobiiis Walker, 344, 384 
 Pegopus Forster, 284, 285, 384 
 Pelecinella Westwood, 285, 384, 486 
 
 howardii Ashm, 486 
 
 phantasma Westw, 486 
 
 westwoodii Ashm, 486 
 Pelecinellin«i Subfamily III., 285, 486 
 Pelorotelus Ashmead, 341, 384, 508 
 
 coerulens Ashmead, 509 
 Pentacladia AVestwood, 358, 384 
 Pentacnemus Howard, 295, 297, 384 
 Pentarthron Riley, 360, 361, 384, 521 
 
 brasiliense Ashmead, 521 
 Pentarthrum Dalla Torre, 384 
 Pentasmicra A.shmead, 252, 254, 384, 455 
 
 aperta, 455 
 
 appressa, 455 
 
 brasilica, 455 
 
 cerina, 455 
 
 commoda, 455 
 
 contaminata, 455 
 
 efficta, 455 
 
 scisa, 456 
 Pentastichus Ashmead, 349, 350, 384 
 Pentelicus Howard, 300, 307, 384 
 Peridesmia Forster, 364, 384 
 Periglyphus Boheman, 384 
 Perilampidffi, Family LXIV., 265, 467 
 
 Table of genera, 266 
 Perilampus Latreille, 266, 384, 467 
 
 brasiliensis A.shm., 467 
 Perissopterus Howard, 346, 385 
 Pezobius Forster, 385 
 Phacostoma Nees, 385 
 Phffinacra Forster, 323, 324, 385 
 Phajnodiscus Fiirster, 301, 307, 385 
 Phayona Curtis, 385 
 Phasganoplioi-u Dalla Torre, 385 
 Phasgouophora Westwood, 249, 385, 405 
 
 batesii Kirby, 405 
 Pheidoloxenus Ashmead, 328, 385 
 Philacbyra Haliday, 260, 385 
 Philomides Haliday, 266, 385 
 
SPECIAT, INDEX TO MEMOIR 
 
 545 
 
 I'liilotnpcsis Fiirster, 'i:??, ;!;5!), ns.') 
 I'll lebojic lies Perty, iilO, P,Hn, 401 
 
 alxlominalis, 492 
 
 basilica, 4f»l 
 
 consors, 4fll 
 
 longicoliis, 4ftl 
 
 longifica, 491 
 
 pcrtvi, 4!l"2 
 
 purpurea, 491 
 
 .splcudens, 491 
 
 spleiulidii8, 492 
 
 virifli.«, 492 
 Piiotismiis Thomson, 284, 285, 385 
 Phylloxeroxeiuis Ashmead, 262, 26:), 385 
 Physcus Howard, 346, 385 
 Physothorax Mayr, 243, 385, 399 
 
 annuliger, 399 
 
 biarticulatus, 399 
 
 dorftiffera, 400 
 
 niayri, 400 
 
 variabilis, 400 
 Picroscytus Thomson, 385 
 Pireninae, Subfamily I., 271 
 
 Table of genera, 271 
 Pirene Haliday, 272, 385 
 Plastuchnris Fiirster, 385 
 Platygerrhus Thomson, 284, 285, 385 
 Platymesopus Westwood, 317, 385 
 Platyneura Motschulsky, 238, 385 
 Platynoeheilus Westwood, 338, 385 
 Platyscapa Motschulsky, 235, 385 
 Platyterma Walker, 317, 318, 385, 498 
 
 nephelc, 498 
 P/nfytermus Thomson, 385 
 Pleistodontes Saunders, 233, 234, 385 
 Plesiostigma Mayr, 248, 244, 400 
 
 bicolor Mayr, 400 
 Plesiostigmodes Ashmead, 243, 244, 385, 400 
 
 brasiliensis, 400 
 Pleuro])aclius AVestwood, 385 
 I'leuropacliyn Fiirster, 386 
 Pleurotropis Fiirster, 341, 342, 386 
 Plutothrix Fiirster, 338, 386 
 Podagrion Spinola, 244, 386, 401 
 
 brasiliensis, 401 
 
 cyaneus, 402 
 
 Podagrion inolloiis, 402 
 Podagrion i Mil', Sui)faniily IV., 244 
 
 Table of genera, 244 
 Polanisa Walker, 237, 386 
 Polistomorpha Westwood, 247, 386, 402 
 
 fasciata, 402 
 
 sphegoides, 402 
 
 surinamensis, 402 
 Po/yccliK Thomson, 386 
 Poiychroma AVestwood, 386 
 Polychromatium Dalla Torre, 386 
 Polycystus Westwood, 331, 332, 386 
 Polymeria Fiirster, 288, 386 
 Polyncma Haliday, 364, 386, 521 
 
 brasiliensis, 521 
 
 rufesoens, 521 
 Polyscelis Dalla Torre, 319, 321, 386 
 Poropoea Fiirster, 360, 386 
 Prestwichia Lubbock, 359, 360, 386 
 Priomeni^ Walker, 386 
 Prionomastix Mayr, 298, 386 
 Prionomitus Mayr, 299, 306, 386 
 Prionopelma Westwood, 386 
 Prionopus Dalman, 364, 386 
 Prodecatoma Ashmead, 261, 263, 386, 463 
 
 bruneiventris, 463 
 
 flavescens, 464 
 
 thoracicus, 464 
 
 nigra, 464 
 Proghdun Dalla Tonv, 386 
 Prmjiochix Philijipi, 3S(J 
 Pnmxh's Walker, 386 
 Protoceras Kiri)y, 252, 253, 386, 450 
 
 caudatus, 450 
 
 leucotelus, 450 
 Pronnpon Walker, 38() 
 Prospalta Howard, 345, 346, ;586 
 Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, 303, 310, 38(1 
 IWtKlmi Walker, 386 
 Pseudochalcis Kirby, 249, 250, 380, 407 
 
 conica, 407 
 
 declarator, 407 
 
 flavopicta, 407 
 Pseudochalcura Ashmead, 268, 269, 386, 468 
 
 nigrocyanea, 468 
 Pseudometagea Ashmead, 267, 2()9, 38(i 
 
546 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Psilocera Walker, 314, 315, 387 
 I'silogaster Blanchard, 267, 269, 387 
 Psilonotus Walker, 317, 387 
 Psilophrys Mayr, 298, 306, 387 
 PsylL-ephagus Ashmcad, 302, 309, 387 
 Pterosema Forster, 331, 332, 387 
 Pterntomus Packard, 387 
 Ptcrolycus Ratzeburg, 387 
 PteromalidiB, Family LXIX., 311, 497 
 
 Table of subfamilies, 312 
 Pteromalinffi, Subfamily I., 312, 497 
 
 Table of tribes, 313 
 Pteromalini, Tribe IV., 318 , 499 
 
 Table of genera, 318 
 Pteromalites Heer, 387 
 Pteromalodes Dahlbom, 387 
 Pteromalus Swederus, 320, 321, 387, 499 
 
 arcbia, 499 
 
 calenus, 499 
 
 cleophanes, 499 
 
 cosis, 499 
 
 driopides, 499 
 
 eurypon, 499 
 
 gryneus, 499 
 
 megareus, 500 
 
 mydon, 500 
 
 cenoe, 500 
 
 oxyntbes, 500 
 
 prothous, 500 
 
 rhcebus, 500 
 
 sestius, 500 
 
 toxenus, 500 
 
 traulus, 501 
 
 vitula, 501 
 
 vulso, 501 
 Pteroncovm Forster, 387 
 Pteroptricini, Tribe II., 347 
 
 Table of genera, 347 
 Pteropthrix Dal la Torre, 387 
 Pteroptrix Westwood, 347, 387 
 Pterosema Forster, 387 
 Plerotrlx Walker, 387 
 Ptinobius Ashmead, 283, 284, 387 
 Rachixtus Forster, 387 
 Paphitelus Harris, 387 
 
 Ratzeburgia Forster, 387 
 Rhachistus Dalla Torre, 387 
 Rhaphidotdm Forster, 387 
 Phapbitelini, Tribe II., 315 
 
 Table of genera, 315 
 Rhapbitelus Walker, 315, 316, 387 
 Rhicnopelte Forster, 355, 387 
 Rhipipallus Kirby, 267, 268, 387 
 Rhopalicus Fiir.ster, 316, 387 
 Rbopalotus Forster, 342, 343, 387 
 Rhopoideus Howard, 311, 387 
 Rhopus Forster, 387 
 Rhytidotborax Asbmead, 301, 307, 387 
 Rileya Ashmead, 264, 265, 388, 467 
 
 orbitalis, 467 
 Rileya Howard, 388 
 Rileyiui, Tribe IV., 263, 466 
 
 Table of genera, 264 
 Roptrocerini, Tribe I., 322 
 
 Table of genera, 323 
 Roptrocerus Ratzeburg, 323, 388 
 
 Saccbarissa Kirby, 267, 269, 388 
 Sayiella Ashmead, 251, 253, 388 
 Sceptrophorus Forster, 302, 308, 388 
 Schizaspidia Westwood, 268, 269, 388, 469 
 
 maculata, 4()9 
 
 pretendens, 469 
 Schizonotus Ratzeburg, 283, 284, 388 
 Schwarzella A.shmead, 256, 388 
 Sciatheras Ratzeburg, 388 
 Scotolinx, Ashmead, 354, 355 
 Scutellista Motschulsky, 325, 326, 388 
 Scecodes Forster, 339, 340, 388 
 Scymnophagus Ashmead, 319, 321, 388 
 Seladerma Walker, 278, 279, 388, 479 
 
 epulo, 479 
 Selimnus Walker, 38S 
 Selitrichus Roudani, 339, 340, 388 
 Semiotellus AVestwood, 274, 275, 388 
 Scmiotus Walker, 388 
 Sericops Kriechbaumer, 266, 388 
 Sigmophora Ron dan i, 388 
 Signiphora Ashmead, 311, 388, 497 
 Signiphora noacki, 497 
 
 rhizococci, 497 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 547 
 
 Signiphorinse, Subfamily III., •'511, 4ft7 
 Simopterus Forster, ."iK.S 
 Siphonura Nees, 388 
 SmarfigditeJi Westwood, 388 
 Smicra Spinola, 250, 2r,:i, .'588, 411 
 
 clavata, 412 
 Smicrini, Tribe II., 2r)(), III 
 
 Table of genera, 2 SO 
 Smiera Spinola, 388 
 Solcnoderus MotBcluilsky, •■>2(i, 388 
 Soknotus Forster, 388 
 Solenura Westwood, 283, 38() 
 Solindenia Cameron, 288, 388 
 Sosxefra Walker, 388 
 Spalaugia Latreille, 334, 388, .'302 
 
 brasiliensis, 502 
 Spalangiiuffi, Subfamily IV., 333, 502 
 
 Table of genera, 333 
 Spalangius Say, 389 
 Spaniopus Walker, .331, 332, 389 
 Sparthiophilus Rondani, 389 
 Spartiophilus Rondani, 389 
 Spathopus Ashmead, 272, 389 
 SpJueropalpus Fiirster, 389 
 Spbajropisthus Thomson, 299, 306, 389 
 Sphegigaster Spinola, 330, 332, 389 
 Sphegigasterinse, Subfamily IV., 327, 501 
 
 Table of genera, 327 
 Sphegigasterini, Tribe III., 330, 502 
 
 Table of genera, 330 
 Sphenolepis Nees, 389 
 Spilochalcis Thomson, 251, 2-53, 389, 413 
 
 abdominalis, 413 
 
 accila, 413 
 
 acuta, 413 
 
 adjuncta, 413 
 
 admixta, 413 
 
 iemula, 414 
 
 a?qualis, 414 
 
 aiflecta, 414 
 
 albomaculata, 432 
 
 alienata, 414 
 
 andrei, 418 
 
 aniiexa, 414 
 ilochalis annulifera, 414 
 
 ■<pii 
 
 jicalis, i4'2 
 
 Spilochalis apparata, 414 
 apjircssa, 414 
 atratii, 428 
 attracta, 414 
 axillaris, 440 
 bergii, 415 
 biannulata, 439 
 bidentata, 4.34 
 blanda, 415 
 bimaculata, 424 
 bipunctata, 447 
 brancensis, 443 
 burmeisteri, 415 
 cameroni, 439 
 capitulata, 415 
 celsa, 415 
 chapadjc, 432 
 chapadeusis, 44.3 
 cognata, 415 
 composita, 415 
 congrua, 415 
 contracta, 415 
 contributa, 410 
 corumbensis, 413 
 corumbae, 445 
 corumbicola, 436 
 costalis, 416 
 dares, 416 
 decipiens, 416 
 decisa, 416 
 (Icducta, 416 
 defunota, 416 
 diniidiata, 446 
 demonstrata, 116 
 demota, 4 1 (J 
 depicta, 417 
 de.seripta, 417 
 detracta, 417 
 devia, 435 
 dimota, 417 
 discalis, 417 
 discolor, 417 
 disposita, 417 
 enocki, 439 
 enyo, 417 
 erythrogastcr, 433 
 
548 
 
 SPECIAL IXDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Spilochalis exhauriens, 41 7 
 expleta, 418 
 femorata, 426 
 flava, 418 
 flavoaxillaris, 4.",3 
 flavobasalis, 430 
 flavoorbitalis, 430 
 foveata, 418 
 fuller!, 442 
 fusiformis, 440 
 gbilianii, 418 
 gracilis, 418 
 iiempeli, 435 
 hoUandi, 445 
 hovvardi, 437 
 illata, 418 
 imitator, 432 
 incerta, 418 
 incompleta, 444 
 incongrua, 438 
 insularis, 437 
 janeiroensis, 430 
 lauceolata, 418, 444 
 laticeps, 429 
 lepreuri, 419 
 lineatocoxalis, 442 
 lobata, 419 
 ? leuteipennis, 419 
 maculata, 435 
 marginata, 434 
 marshalli, 441 
 niayri, 438 
 media, 439 
 meridionalis, 446 
 morleyi, 441 
 
 mesomela, (left out througb an error) 
 multinotata, 419 
 miilleri, 437 
 nebulosa, 419 
 nigropetiolata, 429 
 nigropleuralis, 436 
 obliterans, 419 
 paraguayensis, 446 
 peirolerii, 419 
 pera, 419 
 perplexa, 431 
 
 Spilochalis persimilis, 431, 445 
 
 picta, 420 
 
 l^ielus, 420 
 
 pygmsea, 420 
 
 quinquesignata, 420 
 
 referator, 420 
 
 rufodorsalis, 429 
 
 rufoscutellaris, 429 
 
 sautarema, 433 
 
 sautaremensis, 428 
 
 simillima, 432 
 
 sordida, 420 
 
 tarsalis, 428 
 
 terminalis, 420 
 
 timida, 438 
 
 torrida, 420 
 
 trilineata, 441 
 
 trinidadensis, 437 
 
 tripunctata, 446 
 
 tuberculator, 434 
 
 uniliueata, 442 
 
 unimaculata, 431 
 
 uricbi, 440 
 
 vagabunda, 444 
 
 variegata, 421 
 
 vau, 444 
 
 vicillans, 420 
 Spintherus Thomson, 314, 315, 389 
 Stenocera "Walker, 389 
 Stenoceroides Dalla Torre, 288, 389 
 Stenomalus Thomson, 316, 389 
 Stenomesius Westwood, 352, 354, 389, 519 
 
 dimidiatus, 519 
 Stenophrus Fiirster, 389 
 Stenoterys Thomson, 294, 389 
 Sternode.s Pestefam, 389 
 Sterrhocoma Fiirster, 389 
 iStichocrepis Fiirster, 389 
 Stichothrix Forster, 364, 389 
 Stictomischus Thomson, 278, 279, 389 
 Stigraatocrepis Ashmead, 273, 274, 389 
 Stilbula Spinola, 268, 269, 389, 468 
 
 nigriceps, 468 
 Stinoplus Tiiomson, 314, 315, 389 
 Stomatocera Kirby, 255, 256, 389 
 Stomodea Dufour, 389 
 
SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 549 
 
 Storthygoeeras Ratzeburg, 389 
 Stylocerus Ratzeburg, 389 
 Stylophorella Ashmead, 275, 389 
 Stypiiira Kirby, 249, 250, 389, 407 
 
 conigastra, 407 
 Sycobia Walker, 241, 389 
 Sycobiella AYestwood, 240, 389 
 Sycocrypta Coquerel, 389 
 Sycophaga Westwood, 235, 389 
 Sycophagiiiffi, Subfamily II., 234 
 
 Table of Genera, 235 
 Sycophiia Walker, 238, 241, 389 
 Sycoryctes Mayr, 238, 390 
 Sycoscaptelia Westwood, 237, 240, 390 
 Syeoscapter Westwood, 239, 390 
 Sycoscapterella Ashmead, 239, 390 
 Sycoseapteridea Ashmead, 239, 390 
 Sympiesis FiJrster, 357, 390 
 Sympiesomorpha Ashmead, 352,353, 390,518 
 
 brasiliensis, 519 
 
 obscura, 519 
 Sympiezus Thomson, 390 
 Syntomaspis Fcirster, 241, 242, 39(t, 397 
 
 aprilis, 397 
 
 ciibura, 297 
 
 flavicollis, 398 
 
 holcaspoides, 397 
 Syntomocera Fcirster, 274, 275, 390 
 Syntomopus Fiirster, 330, 331, 390 
 Syntomosphyrum Fiirster, 349, 350, 390 
 Syrphophagiis Ashmead, 304, 310, 391 
 Syntasis Walker, 274, 275, 390 
 Systole Walker, 262, 263, 390 
 Systolodes Ashmead, 262, 263, 390, 466 
 
 brasiliensis, 466 
 Systolomorpiia Ashmead, 281, 282, 390 
 
 Tachardiffiphagiis Ashmead, 303, 390 
 Tachiuajphagus Ashmead, 304, 390 
 Tanaoneura Howard, 301, 308, 390 
 Tanaostigma Howard, 291, 292, 390 
 Tauaostigmini, Tribe II., 291, 495 
 Tauaostigmodes Ashmead, 291, 292, 390 
 Tdeyruphus Ratzeburg, 390 
 Teleogmus Fiirster, 353, 390 
 Terobia Fiirster, 274, 275, 390 
 
 Terobiella Ashmead, 324, 325, 390 
 Tetracampe Fiirster, 338, 390 
 Tetracampini, Tribe I., 337, 503 
 
 Table of genera, 338 
 Tetracladia Howard, 295 
 Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, 28 
 Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, 239 
 Tetracnemoidea Ashmead, 295, 297 
 Tetradontia Ashmead, 396 
 Tetracnemus Westwood, 295, 297, 390 
 TetragonuKp'tx Mayr, 391 
 Tetralophidea Ashmead, 293, 391 
 Tetralophieila Ashmead, 295, 391 
 Tetramelia Kirby, 268, 269, 391 
 
 meridionalis, 469 
 
 plagiata, 469 
 Tefrumesa Walker, 391 
 Tetranemopteryx Ashmead, 391 
 Tetrapus Mayr, 233, 234, 391, ;594 
 
 americana Mayr, 394 
 Tetrarhopala Motschulsky, 391 
 Tetrasmicra Ashmead, 252, 254, 391, 456 
 
 concitata, 456 
 
 crocata, 456 
 
 destinata, 456 
 
 maculata, 456 
 Tetrastichinte, Subfamily III., 347, 511 
 
 Table of tribes, 347 
 Tetrastiehini, Tribe II., 347, 512 
 
 Table of genera, 347 
 Tetrasticiiodes Ashmead, 348, 350, 391 
 Tetrastiehus Haliday, 349, 350, 391,513 
 
 albitarsis, 514,515 
 
 arciudcus, 513 
 
 atiienais, 513 
 
 brasiliensis, 515 
 
 cacus, 513 
 
 chapadie, 515 
 
 cleonica, 513 
 
 daimachus, 513 
 
 deilochu.s, 513 
 
 februtis, 513 
 
 incongruus, 516 
 
 narcseus, 513 
 
 naucles, 5 1 4 
 
 norax, 514 
 
550 
 
 SPECIAL INDEX TO MEMOIR IV. 
 
 Tetrastichus pbryno, 514 
 
 polyba^a, 514 
 
 scadius, 514 
 
 valerus, 514 
 
 xenocles, 514 
 Thaumapus Kirby, 251, 253, 448 
 
 acuininatus, 448 
 
 decorus, 448 
 
 masus, 448 
 
 walkeri, 448 
 Thaumasura Westwood, 283, 391 
 Thaumatelia Kirby, 249, 250, 391, 4()G 
 
 pulchripennis, 406 
 
 separata Walker, 406 
 TJieocokix Westwood, 391 
 Thoracantba Latreille, 268, 269, 391, 469 
 
 latreillei, 469 
 
 roniandi, 470 
 TImsanus Walker, 291 
 Thysanus Haliday, 346, 391 
 Tineobius Ashmead, 289, 391 
 Tinomyzits Rondani, 391 
 Tineophaga Rondani, 391 
 Tineopboctonus Ashmead, 293, 391 
 Tityros Walker, 332 
 Tomicobia, 283 
 Tomoeera Howard, 328 
 Tomohgon Rondani, 391 
 Torymidifi, Family LXI., 235, 395 
 Torymina;, Subfamily II., 241, 397 
 Torymoides Walker, 242, 391 
 Torymus Dalman, 242, 391, 398 
 ' chapadse, 398 
 
 cumelis, 398 
 
 monacris, 398 
 
 smith!!, 398 
 
 sylvicola, 399 
 Toxeuma Walker, 278, 391 
 Tribaeus Forster, 245, 392 
 Trichasiiis Provancher, 365, 392 
 Trichaulus Mayr, 238, 239, 392, 396 
 
 flavescens Mull, 396 
 
 giildiana Miill, 396 
 
 nuda Mayr, 396 
 
 singularis Mayr, 396 
 
 versicolor Mayr, 396 
 
 Trichocerns Ratzeburg, 392 
 
 Trichencyrtus Ashmead, 291, 292, 392, 495 
 
 robustus, 495 
 Trichoglenes Thomson, 318, 321, 392 
 Trichogramma Westwood, 360, 392 
 Triehogrammida;, Family LXXII., 358, 521 
 
 Table of subfamilies, 359 
 Trichogramminifi, Subfamily II., 360 
 
 Table of genera, 360 
 Trichomalus Thomson, 318, 321 
 Trichomasthus Thomson, 392 
 Trichoporus Forster, 348, 349, 350, 392, 512 
 
 colliguaya, 512 
 
 melleus, 512 
 
 per.similis, 512 
 
 viridicyaneus, 512 
 Trichoxenia Kirby, 255, 257, 392 
 Tricoryna Kirby, 267, 269, 392 
 Tricoryphus Forster, 392 
 Tridyminse, Subfamily II., 272, 475 
 
 Table of tribes, 273 
 Tridymini, Tribe I., 272, 475 
 
 Table of genera, 273 
 Tridymus Ratzeburg, 273, 274, 392 
 Trigonoderus Westwood, 284, 285, 485 
 
 brasiliensis, 485 
 Trigonogastra Ashmead, 330, 331, 392 
 Trigonura Sichel, 249, 250, 392, 406 
 
 dentipes, 406 
 
 dorsalis, 406 
 Trimorphocerus Dahlbom, 372 
 Tnpedias Forster, 392 
 Triphnsim Forster, 392 
 Trismicra Ashmead, 252, 254, 392, 456 
 
 contracta Walk, 456 
 Tritypus Ratzeburg, 392 
 Trogocarpus Rondani, 392 
 Tropidogastra Ashmead, 323, 392 
 
 Uriella Ashmead, 323, 392 
 Urooryptus Westwood, 392 
 Uroderostenus Ashmead, 343, 344, 392, 511 
 Uroentedon Ashmead, 341, 342, 392, 504 
 
 vertieillatus, 505 
 Urolepis Walker, 318, 321, 392 
 Uromelia Kirby, 268, 270, 392, 470 
 
•F.CIAL INDEX TO MEMOTK IV. 
 
 551 
 
 Uromelia striata, 470 
 
 VMeveUa ^\'estwood, :W3 
 
 Walkerella Westwood, 240, 393 
 \yebsterellus Ashmeatl, 242, 243, 393 
 Westwooilella Ashmead, 359 
 
 Xaiitlioatomus Aslimead, 360 
 Xantliomelanus Aslimead, 251, 253, 393, 447 
 
 Xanthomelanus dimidiatus Fabr., 447 
 Xantliosonia Asbmead, 262, 263, 393 
 Xenocrepis Fiirster, 276, 393 
 
 Zagranimosoina Asbmead, 354, 355 
 Zaomma Asbmead, 304 
 Zaommomyia Asbmead, 340, 393 
 Zapacbia Forster, 283, 285, 393 
 Zarbopalus Asbmead, 305, 310, 393 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 N. B. A special index, covering all the material described in tiie paper of Dr. Willia 
 Aslnncad on tlie Chalcidoidea, has been provided, and will be found on p. 533. 
 
 Accipitres, 114, 217 
 Actiornis, 16r); A.angUcus, 165 
 Amphicyon, 6G, 67, 97, i)8, 9!); amei-icina 
 97, 98, 99 ; vetus, 67 
 
 161, 163, 
 anhhu/d, 
 
 Anhinga, 112, 125, 151, 158, 15! 
 167-174, 196, 197, 215, 216 
 111, 117, 151 ; Osteology „f, 150-165 
 
 AnhingidK, 111, 113, 150, 1()9, 175, 215,217 
 
 A nseri formes, 114 
 
 Archaeopteryx, 38 
 
 Ardeidaj, 116 
 
 Ardeiformes, 115 
 
 Ash mead, William H., Classification of tiie 
 Chalcidoidea, 225-551 
 
 Atlantosaurus beds, 9 
 
 Audubon, 112 
 
 Aves, 129, 219 
 
 Baptanodon beds, 9 
 Brandt, Prof., 112, 115, 154, 157 
 Brontosauru.s, 3, 8, 34, 39, 40, 46, 47, 49, 51, 
 55 ; excelsm, 39, 52 
 
 Canis, 66 ; aznrw, 77 ; cancrivorus, 77, 80 ; J'n- 
 mUiaris, 73, 77 ; lagopius, 77, 97 ; occi- 
 dentalis, 77, 97; parvidens, 79, 97, 106; 
 itrosiidus, 77, 79, lOfi ; vit/jtc>s, 77 
 
 Carnegie, Andrew, 3, 57 
 
 Cardiodontidaj, 55 
 
 Carpenter, Mr. W. J., 4 
 
 Cathartidiformes, 14, 114 
 
 Cervicals, 18, 20, 25 
 
 Cetacea, 2 
 
 Chalcidoidea, 225 
 
 Ciconiida;, 116 
 
 Ciconiiformes, 113 
 
 Coggeshall, A. S., 3, 4, 9, 10, 95 
 
 Coggeshall, Louis S., 3 
 
 Contents of Mem. IV., v, Mem. IV. 
 
 Cope, Prof., 101 
 
 Creodonta adoptiva, 106 
 
 Crocodilia, 56 
 
 Cynodictis, 83, lOii ; gregarius, 105 
 
 Cyon, 106 
 
 Dakota Sandstones, 9 
 
 Dalla Torre, Dr. Carl W., iii, Mem. IV. 
 
 Daphceuus, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 81, 
 
 83, 91-93, 95-106 ; dodgei, 95 ; feUnm, 
 
 65-105; hartsliormanus, 100-102; vctus, 
 
 66, 68, 80 
 Desmognathae, 114 
 
 Dhole (The), or Red Dog of India, 106 
 Dinosauria, 2, 3 
 Diomedea, 205, 206, 217; ulbalrm, 204; r.r- 
 
 ulanx, 207 
 Diomedeida;, 203, 204, 206 
 Diplodocus, 1-61 ; Carnegii, 1-61 ; longxis, 5, 
 
 8, 9, 19, 33, 42, 55, 56, 57 
 Donitz, 154, 157 
 Dronueidie, 135 
 Dysporomorphse, 111, 111 
 
 Elotiicrcs, Oligocenc, 70 
 Errata in Mem. IV., ix, Mem. IV. 
 Falconiformes, 115 
 Farr, Dr. M. S., 95 
 Forbes, 112 
 
 Fregata, 11 2, 11 3, 1 1 4, 1 61 , 203-21 7 ; oguila, 
 in, 117, 203, 209 
 
554 
 
 GENERAL INDKX. 
 
 Fregatifla% 111-115 
 Fregatoitlcic, 1 1 ."5, 2 1 r)-2 1 7 
 Fiirbringer, Prof., ll'l 
 
 Gadow, Hans, 115 
 
 Garrod, 112-11;^, 154, 157, 174 
 
 Graculida;, llo 
 
 Graculus carbo, 218, 219 
 
 Grandidier, 111, 112 
 
 Hatcher, J. B.; Diplodocus, Its Osteology, etc., 
 
 1-61 ; Oligocene Canidae, 65-106 
 Herodii, 116 
 Holland, W. J., 61 
 Hoplophoneus, 81, 90, 91 
 Huxley, Prof. T. H., Ill, 192 
 Hyaenodons, Oligocene, 70, 79, 81. 
 
 Ichthyornithiformes, 114 
 Ichthyornis, 147 
 Iguana, 40 
 Illiger, 115 
 Iterson, von, F., 106 
 
 Laboratory Methods, p. 1 
 
 Lacertilia, 41 
 
 Lakes, Prof. Arthur, 56 
 
 Laridfe, 118, 129 
 
 Lartet, 66 
 
 Leidy, 66, 72, 73 
 
 Linuieus, 112 
 
 Longipennes, 216, 217 
 
 Lucas, F. A., 110, 165, 16(>, 167, 177, 17S, 
 
 179, 183, 186, 203, 219 
 Lydekker, 165 
 
 Macgillivray, 111, 112 
 Machairodonts, 79, 106 
 Marsh, Prof. O. C, 4, 5, 8, 9, 18, 19, 31, 34, 
 
 36, 40, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 65 
 Matthew, G. D., 65, 67, 68, 106 
 McGregor, R. C., 168 
 Milne-Edwards, Prof. A., Ill, 112 
 Mivart, Professor, 80, 112, 154, 192 
 Morosanridse, 55 
 Morosaurus, 6, 40 
 
 Nannopterum, 165, 215 
 Natatores, 113 
 
 Odontopteryuidie, 114 
 
 Oligocene ('anid;e, 65, 10() 
 
 Osl)orn, Prof. H. F., 4, 13, 31, 34-39, 45, 56- 
 
 61 
 Otocyon, 79 
 Owen, Prof. Kichanl, 111 
 
 Pallasicarbo, 165 
 
 Pallas' Cormorant, 1 85 
 
 Paradoxurus, 66 
 
 Parker, Professor, 133, 167 
 
 Patriofelis, 81 
 
 Patton, Wm., 11 
 
 Pelargi, 116 
 
 Peiagornithes, 113 
 
 Pelagornithidse, 114 
 
 Pelican, Brown, 189 
 
 Pelecani, 114 
 
 Pelecanidse, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 126, 
 
 203, 215, 219 
 Pelecauiformes, 114, 165 
 Pelecanoidea, 215, 216 
 Pelecanoidese, 113 
 Pelecanus, 114, 125, 203, 215, 216; califor- 
 
 nicus, 111; erythrorhynchus, 111, 219; 
 fuscus, 111, 117, 188, 193, 198, 202, 
 
 219; mitratus, 192; onocrotaliui, 192, 219 ; 
 
 Sharpei, 100, 189, 190, 196, 198, 200, 
 
 219 
 Perdicinse, 133 
 Peterson, O. A., 3, 10, 11, 65, 68, 94, 
 
 95, 96 
 Phaethon, 113-117, 121-130 ; «^/icm/s. Ill, 
 
 117-129, 132, 142; amerkanus, 117; 
 
 favirostris, 1 10, 1 17-129, 132, 216 ; falvus, 
 
 117; indieiis, 117; lepturus, 117; nihri- 
 
 cauda, 117 
 Phaethonida;, 130, 131, 143, 150 
 Phaethoutes, 114 
 Phaethontida?, 110, 111, 113,114,115,132, 
 
 215, 217 
 PiiaiJthontideae, 113 
 Phaethontoidea, 215, 216 
 Phalacrocoraces, 1 1 4 
 Phalacrocoracidaj, 111-115, 165-188, 215, 
 
 217, 218 
 
fiKNERAL INDKX. 
 
 Phalacrocorax, 111, 114, IGl, 162, 165, 167, 
 170, 171, 17.], 17."), 177, 108, 203, 2ir,, 
 216; albiventrh, 172, 18-5, 218, 21(1; l>l- 
 eristahus, 109, 168; mrio, 1-57, 167, 17.^i- 
 179,18.5-188; carunculatu^, 20:i ; lUhphnx, 
 175, 176, 179, 182, 218, 2\\) ; gracuk, , 
 167; harrisi, 219; lugubr'ut 157; mm/cl- 
 lanicus, 185, 187, 219; melanoffcuitcr, 112; 
 mdnnoleucus, 185, 218, 219 ; pelagiaix, 218, 
 219 ; pelagicus rohuMitii, 218 ; pexwillafux, 
 185, 186, 187, 219; perspicillatus, 16.5, 
 175,176,179,182, 184, 18,5, 186, IXS ; 
 vigna, 219 ; punctafux, 219 ; nrile, 117, K!."], 
 16.5, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 
 18.5, 187, 219 
 
 Phcenicopterirlas, 1 1 7 
 
 Pleurocoelidse, 54 
 
 Plotidsfi, 111, 114, 217 
 
 Plotus, 114, 124, 1.50; nnhinga, 151, 157; 
 levaillanti, 157, 158, 217; mrlniiogiisfcr, 
 151 ; noDCP-liollandiw, 151, 157; rufnH, 151. 
 
 Predentata, 61 
 
 Prentice, Sidney, 106 
 
 Proamphicyon, 99, 100, 102, 105; nchmsn;,- 
 sis, 9.5, 96, 98, 9!t. 
 
 Procellariiformes, 115 
 
 Prodaphisnus scotti, 77 
 
 Protemnocyon, 103, 105; infldtm, 99-104 
 
 Puffinis, 216, 217 
 
 Pycraft, W. P., 167 
 
 Scchohm, Mr., 1 13 
 
 Sharpe, Dr. K. ISowdier, 114, 117, 132, 150, 
 165, 20.3, 217 
 
 Slniffldt, Dr. R. W'., Tlio Osteolofry of the 
 Steganopodes, 1 09-2 1 9 
 
 Smith, H. II., 225 
 
 Stegannpodei', llelatif>nship.s of tlie, 215—217 
 
 Stegosauriis, 3, 5 
 
 Stejneger, Dr. Lconhard, 113, 175, 185 
 
 Sternum, The, .39 
 
 Struthio, 38 
 
 Siihi, 111, 113, 124, 132, 134, 215, 216; 
 ahboti, 132; aiba, 135; basmna, 111, 117, 
 132, 133, 134, 136, 141, 142, 144, 14.5, 
 147, 148, 1,50 ; breivsteri, 111,117, 132, 133, 
 141, 142, 150, 216 •jCapends, 132 ; cyanops, 
 111, 117, 132, 1.33, 13.5, 139, 141, 144, 
 14.5, 147, 1.50; gossi, 111, 117, 132, 1.33, 
 138, 141, 142, 145, 147, 1-50; neboiivi, 
 132 ; jyiscator, 111,117, 132, 133, 135, 141, 
 144, 145, 147, 150; scrmtor, 132; sula, 
 111, 132; viirirgatd, 132; irebsteri, 132 
 
 Sulidtc, 110, 111, 113, 114, 132,133,139, 
 14.3, 21.5, 21(i, 217 
 
 Taxonomy, 54 
 
 Tcmnocyon coryphiiMis, 101, 102 
 
 Tlieropoda, 61 
 
 Titano.saurida;, 55 
 
 Tubinaros, 109, 110, II.!, 117, 132, 189, 216, 
 
 Ratite.?, .">8 
 
 Reed, W. H., 9, 10, 11 
 Reichenow, Anton, 1 1 3 
 Reptilia, 56 
 
 Sabre-toothed cats, 81 
 Sauropoda, 2, 6, 7, 55, 56 
 Scopidse, 1 1 6 
 
 Scott, Wni. B., 65, 67, 6.s, 
 102 
 
 VaiiKiik, .\. W., 3 
 
 \'iilliavus, 106 
 
 Weber, Mr. Rudolph, 4 
 White River C'anidic, 105 
 AVortman, Dr. .1. L., :!, 9, 10, 11, 
 
 u-, Mr. Curtis ('lav, 168 
 
Publications of the Carnegie Museum. Serial No. 21. 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CAENEGIE MUSEUM. 
 
 VOL. I. iVo. 4. 
 
 W. J. HOLLAND, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., Editok. 
 .1. B. Hatcher, Ph.B., Associate Editor. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHALCID FLIES 
 
 OE THE 
 
 SUPERFAMILY CHALCIDOIDEA, 
 
 WITH DESOKIPTIONS OF 
 
 NEW SPECIES IN THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, 
 
 COLLECTED IN SOUTri AMEEICA ItV 
 
 HERBEllT n. SMITH. 
 
 By WILLIAM HARRIS ASH MEAD, A.M., Sc.D., 
 
 CuRATOB, U. S. National Miski'm. 
 
 TITLE PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INDEX OF VOL. I. 
 
 PITTSBURGH. 
 
 Published by the Authokity op the Board ok Trustees of the 
 
 CARNEGIE INSTITUTE. 
 
 Januakt, 1904. 
 
 For eale by Messrs. Wm. Wesley & Son, 28 Eases St., Strand, London, England ; Messrs. K. FrieillEender u. Sohn, 
 11 Carlstraase, Berlin, N. W. 6, Germany ; and at the Carnegie Museam, Sohenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 The publications of the Carnegie Museum consist of Reports, Catalogues, 
 Guide-books, Miscellaneous Papers, and the "Annals" and "Memoirs." The 
 Annals are printed in octavo, the Memoirs in quarto form. The subscription price 
 of the Annals is |3.50 per volume in parts as issued. The subscription price of the 
 Memoirs is $10 per volume in parts as issued. Subscriptions are received at the 
 office of the Director of the Museum. It is proposed to publish a volume of the 
 Armals m each year. The Memoirs vnll appear occasionally, and when enough to 
 form a volume has been printed, a permanent title page, a table of contents, and an 
 index will be supplied, and the whole may then be bound up. 
 
 All correspondence relating to the publications of the Museum should be ad- 
 dressed to 
 
 W. J. Holland, Director, 
 Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 F.5957MS3C cooi 
 
 CLASSIFIMTION OF THE CHALCID FLIES. 
 
 30112010194436 
 
 
 
 
 .;.;:i;;nji;:j