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"LI E. R.AR.Y 
 
 OF THE 
 U N 1 VER.S ITY 
 Of ILLINOIS 
 
 598.8 
 
 cop. 8^ 
 
 
 NATURAL 
 HISTORY 
 
BIRDS 
 
 OF 
 
 EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Arciiive 
 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/geographicalcompOObona 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL AND COMPARATIVE 
 
 LIST OF THE 
 
 BIRDS 
 
 OF 
 
 EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES LUCIAN BONAPARTE, 
 
 PRINCE OF MUSIGNANO. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 
 
 1838. 
 
LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED BY MANNING AND 8MITHS0N, 
 IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 The Comparative List of Birds of Rome and Philadelphia, 
 which was first published in the 33rd No. of the '* Nuovo 
 Giornale de' Letterati," and printed as a separate Tract at Pisa 
 ^ in 1827, having met with the kind attention of several eminent 
 Ornithologists, both in this country and on the Continent, I 
 
 X have been induced to publish on the same plan, a general enume- 
 
 ^ ration of the Birds of Europe and North America, which, besides 
 
 giving the comparative Ornithology of these two regions, con- 
 
 j tains the most complete list hitherto published of the Birds of 
 
 ,, each, arranged under their respective Genera and Tribes accord- 
 
 I ing to the present state of Ornithology. 
 
 H 
 
 ^ The Genera are arranged in these lists in Families and 
 
 ^ Tribes according to the general system of Birds on which I have 
 ^ been long engaged, and which I now hope very shortly to bring 
 ^ before the Public. It is necessary to make this remark, as some 
 W ' of the groups may not appear to follow in their most natural 
 ^ order, if the Birds in the list are alone taken into consideration ; 
 I but this arises from my series of affinities being filled up and 
 "^ completed by Birds which are not found either in Europe or 
 North America. 
 
 4 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 The specific name adopted in this catalogue is always that 
 used by Linnaeus, or the first describer after the establishment of 
 his Binominal Nomenclature to whom I can with certainty refer 
 the species. If by any mistake this should not be the case, it 
 has arisen from OA^ersight, or from my not having been able to 
 determine, with certainty, any previous description ; but when- 
 ever any instance of this kind is pointed out to my satisfaction, I 
 shall be always glad to adopt the correction. 
 
 Although I myself make it a rule, when in want of a name, 
 always to ascertain whether an appropriate denomination is to be 
 fotfnd in the writings of the older Naturalists, I do not think 
 that any Naturalist is bound to do so ; and in no case do I 
 consider it right to take any of the names of the older authors, 
 however great may be their merits, in preference to those given 
 by Linnaeus. We owe this compliment to that great man ; and 
 besides, it is not fair to assume that our Binominal system of 
 Nomenclature was established before his time, because we meet 
 with a few instances capable of being referred to the invaluable 
 principle which he was the first to generalize and render uni- 
 versal. Throughout the list, I have quoted as Types of the 
 Species under consideration, the figures of the great works of 
 Mr. Gould and M. Audubon on the Ornithology of the two 
 regions, as they must be considered the standard works on the 
 subject. The merit of M. Audubon's work yields only to the 
 size of his book ; Avhile Mr. Gould's work on the Birds of 
 Europe, inferior in size to that of M. Audubon's, is the most 
 beautiful work on Ornithology that has ever appeared in this or 
 any other country. The latter Ornithologist has expressed his 
 intention of including in his Supplement all the European 
 
PREFACE. vii 
 
 Species indicated in this list that have not yet appeared in his 
 work, together Avith such others as his unrivalled industry may 
 add to the existing Fauna. 
 
 It is easy to perceive the advantages likely to result from a 
 careful comparison of the natural productions of a fully inhabited 
 country with those of another, the climate of which is in many 
 respects the same. Botanists have contributed much to further, 
 so to speak, our acquaintance with the Planet on which we live : 
 I refer especially to those Botanists who continue daily to add to 
 the edifice of Vegetable Geography ; — a temple of which the 
 foundations were laid, and the framework erected, by the truly 
 illustrious Humboldt. 
 
 Zoologists, however, up to the present time have been most 
 remiss in their attention to Ornithological Geography ; and I am 
 not on that account the more backward in contributing my share 
 to this branch of knowledge. As in the Specchio Comparativo, 
 the reader will find in the same line the species which are common 
 to both Continents, as well as those which, although different, are 
 to be regarded as corresponding to each other, by a greater or 
 less degree of afiinity or analogy. 
 
 A synonymy is added, to point out the species which I have 
 in view, and selected in such a way as always to give infor- 
 mation or present interest. 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL AND COMPARATIVE 
 
 LIST OF THE BIRDS 
 
 OF 
 
 (iBuropt antr Novttj amtrtca. 
 
 AVES. 
 
 SUBCLASSIS I.—INSESSORES. 
 ORDO L— ACCIPITRES. 
 
 FAMILIA I. — VULTURID^. 
 
 ffiurope* 
 
 a. VULTURINM. 
 
 jjtlortlj ametica. 
 
 Genus 1. Neophron, Savigny. 
 
 1. Neophron Percnopterus, Sav. 
 (Vultur Percnopterus, L.^ 
 Gould, Birds of Europe, pi. 13. 
 South of Europe, 
 
 Genus 2. Cathartes, 111. 
 
 1. Cathartes Iota, Nob. (Vultiir 
 atratus, Wils.) Audubon, 
 Birds of America, pi. 106. 
 South of North America. 
 
 2. Cathartes Aura, 111. (Vultur 
 aura, L.) Aud. pi. 151. 
 South of North America. 
 
 3.CATHARTEsCALIFORMANUS,RanZ. 
 
 (Vultur Californianus, Shaw.) 
 Aud. pi. 411. South-west. 
 
 Gen. 3. Sarcoramphus, Dum. 
 
 4. Sarcoramphus Gryphus, Dum. 
 
 (Vultur Gryphus, L.) Nob. 
 Am. Orn. iv. pi. 1. Acci- 
 dental in the south-west. 
 
 5. Sarcoramphus Papa, Dum. 
 (Vultur Papa, L.) Buffbn, 
 pi. enl. 428. Accidental in the 
 most southern parts. 
 
 B 
 
CFuropfau anir 
 
 Genus 4. Vultur, L. 
 
 VULTUR FULVUS, L. Goiild, 
 
 pi. 1. South of Europe. 
 
 Vultur Kolbii, Lath. Gould, 
 pi. suppl. South of Europe. 
 
 Gen. 5. Gyps, Sav. 
 
 Gyps Cinereus, Sav. (Vultur 
 cinereus, Gm.) Gould, pi. 2. 
 South of Europe. 
 
 ^mrrtran l^ixHi, 
 
 b. GYPJETINjE. 
 
 Gen. 6. Gypaetos, Storr. 
 Gypaetos Barbatus, Storr. 
 
 {Vulliir barbatus, L.) 
 and Alps of Europe. 
 
 South 
 
 FAMILIA II.- 
 
 -FALCONIDiE. 
 
 a. POLYBORINJE. 
 
 Gen. 7. Polyborus, Vieill. 
 
 6. Polyborus Brasiliensis, Sw. 
 ( Falco brasiliensis, Lath . ) Aud. 
 pi. 16L South of North Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 b. AQUILINE. 
 Gen. 8. Aquila, Brisson. 
 
 6. Aquila Chrysaetos, Cuv. (Fal- 
 
 co chrysdetos Sj fulvus, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 6. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 7. Aquila Heliaca, Sav. (Falco 
 imperialis, Bechst.) Gould, 
 pi. 5. South of Europe. 
 
 8. Aquila Bonellii, Nob. (Falco 
 
 Bonelli, Temm.) Gould, pi. 7. 
 Sardinia. 
 
 9. Aquila N^via, Briss. (Falco 
 ncBvius ^- maculatus, Gm.) 
 Gould, pi. 8, Eastern Europe. 
 
 10. Aquila Pennata, Cuv. (Falco 
 pennatus, Gm.) Gould, pi. 9. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 7. Aquila Chrysaetos. (Falco 
 fulvus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 8L 
 Northern parts. 
 
(Sttva^tmi 
 
 KiiO 
 
 ^mprt'raiT 23trlf^. 
 
 Genus 9. Haliaetos, Sav, 
 
 11. Haliaetos Albicilla, Sav. 
 (Falco albicilla ^ ossifragus, 
 Gm.) Gould, pi. 10. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 12. Haliaetos Leucocephalus, 
 Sav. (Falco leucocephalus, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 11. Accidental in 
 northern Europe. 
 
 8. Haliaetos Washingtoni, Nob. 
 
 {Falco Washingtoni, Aud.) 
 Aud. pi. 11. Northern parts. 
 
 9. Haliaetos Leucocephalus. 
 (Falco leucocephalus, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 31 adult, pi. 126 young. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 10. Pandion, Sav. 
 
 13. Pandion Haliaetus, Sav. 
 (Falco haliaetus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 12. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 11. Circaetos, Vieill. 
 
 14. Circaetos Gallicus, Nob. 
 (Falco gallicus, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 13. Central aud southern 
 Europe. 
 
 10. Pandion Carolinensis, Nob. 
 {Falco carolinensis, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 81. America generally. 
 
 c. BUTEONINjE. 
 
 Gen. 12. Butaetes, Less. {Archihuteo, Brehm.) 
 
 15. Butaetes Lagofus, Less. {Fal- 
 co lagopus, L.) Gould, pi. 
 15. Northern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 11. Butaetes Sancti- Johannis, 
 Nob. {Falco lagopus Sj- niger, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 422 adult, and 
 pi. 166 young. Amei'ica gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 13. Buteo, Bechst. 
 
 16 Buteo Vulgaris, Bechst. {Fal- 
 co Buteo. L.) Gould, pi. 14. 
 Europe generally, 
 
 Conf. Buteo Mutans, Vieill. 
 Buteo Fasciatus, Vieill. Buteo 
 Pojana, Savi. 
 
 Gen. 14. Pernis, Cuv. 
 
 17. Pernis Apivorus, Cuv. {Falco 
 apivorus, L.) Gould, pi. 16. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 12. Buteo SwAiNsoNi, Nob.) ^«^<?o 
 vulgaris, Aud.) Aud. pi. 372. 
 
 13. Buteo Harlani. Aud. pi. 86. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 14. Buteo Borealis, Nob. {Falco 
 horealis Sf leverianus, Gm.) 
 Aud. pi. 51. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 15. Buteo Hyemalis, Nob. (Fa/co 
 hyemalis Sf Uneatus, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 56. America generally. 
 
 16. Buteo Harrisi, Aud. pi. 392. 
 
 17. Buteo Pennsylvanicus, Wils. 
 {Falco pennsylvanicus, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 91. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
Curojpcau 
 
 nuts 
 
 ^mciitau TBirW. 
 
 d. MILVINJS. 
 Genus 15. Milvus, Bechst. 
 
 18. Milvus Niger, Briss. {Faico 
 ater Sf Aegypthis, Gm.J 
 Gould, pi. 29. Central Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 19. Milvus Reg alis, Briss. (Pa/co 
 Milvus, L.) Gould, pi. 28. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 16. Nauclerus, Vig. 
 
 20. Nauclerus Furcatus, Vig. 
 {Falcofurcatus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 30. Accidental. 
 
 Gen. 17. 
 
 21. ElanusMelanopterus, Leach. 
 (FaIco melanopterus, Daud.) 
 Gould, pi. 31. Accidental. 
 
 18. Nauclerus Furcatus, Vig. 
 (Falco furcatus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 72. Southern parts. 
 
 Elanus, Sav. 
 
 19. Elanus Leccurus, Nob.( FaZco 
 dispar, Temm.) Aud. pi. 352. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 18. Ictinia, Vieill. 
 
 20. Ictinia Plumbea, Vieill. {^Fal- 
 co Mississipie7isis, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 117. Southern parts. 
 
 e. FALCONING. 
 
 Gen. 19. 
 
 22. Falco Gyrfalco, L. {Falco 
 islandicus, Lath.) Gould, 
 pi. 19. Northern Europe. 
 
 Genus Hierofalco, Cuv. 
 
 23. Falco Lanarius, L. Gould, 
 pi. 20. Eastern Europe. 
 
 24. Falco Peregrinus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 21. Europe generally. 
 
 25. Falco Subbuteo, L. Gould, 
 pi. 22. Europe generally. 
 
 Genus Hypotriorchis, Boie. 
 
 26. Falco jEsalon, Gm. {Falco 
 Lithofalco, Gm.) Gould, pi. 
 24. Europe generally. 
 
 27. Falco Coxcolor, Temm. 
 Gould, pi. 25. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 28. Falco Vespertinus, Gm. 
 {Falco rufpes, Bechst.) Gould, 
 pi. 23. Europe generally. 
 
 Genus Erythropus, Brehm. 
 
 Falco, L. 
 
 21. Falco Gyrfalco, L. {Falco 
 islandicus, Lath.) Aud. pi. 366. 
 and pi. 196 young. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 22. Falco Anatum, Nob. {Falco 
 peregrinus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 16. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 23. Falco Columbarius, L. {Falco 
 temerarius, Aud.) Aud. pi. 75 
 adult, and pi. 92 young. North- 
 ern parts. 
 
Curopcan 
 
 KXXtS 
 
 ^mciicau 33trlf^. 
 
 Genus 20. Cerchneis, Boie, (Tinnunculus ? Vieill.) 
 
 29. Cerchneis TiNNUNCuLus,Boie. 
 Falco tinnunculus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 26. Eui'ope generally. 
 
 30. Cerchneis Cenchris, Brehm. 
 {Falco Thmunculoides, Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 27. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 24. Cerchneis Sparverius, Boie. 
 Falco sparverius, L.) Aud. pi. 
 142. America generally. 
 
 /. ACCIPITRINJE. 
 Gen. 21. Accipiter, Ray. (Nisus, Cuv.^ 
 31. Accipiter Nisus, Nob. (Falco 25. Accipiter Fuscus, Nob. (Fal- 
 
 nisus, L.) Gould, pi. 18. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 CO velox ^- pennsylv alliens, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 374. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 22. Astur, Cuv.) 
 
 32. Astur Palumbarius, Bechst. 
 ( Falco palumbarius, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 17. Europe generally. 
 
 26. Astur Cooperi, Nob. (Falco 
 Stanleyi, Aud. J Aud. pi. 36. 
 America generally. 
 
 27. Astur Atricapillus, Nob. 
 (Falco palumbarius, Aud.^ 
 Aud. pi. 141. Northern parts. 
 
 g. CIRCINJE. 
 Gen. 23, Circus, Bechst. 
 
 33. Circus iERUcmosus, Nob. 
 (Falco cEruginosus, L. 8f rufus, 
 Gm.; Gould, pi. 32. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 Gen. 24. Strigiceps, Nob. 
 
 34. Strigiceps Pygargus, Nob. 
 (Falco Pygargus & cyaneus, 
 Ti.) Gould, pi. 33. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 35. Strigiceps Pallidus, Nob. 
 ( Circus palUdus, Sykes.^ Gould, 
 pi. 34. Southern Europe. 
 
 36. Strigiceps Cineraceus, Nob. 
 (Circus Montagut, Vieill. J 
 Gould, pi. 35. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 28. Strigiceps Uliginosus, Nob. 
 (Falco cyaneus, Aud.^ Aud. 
 pi. 356. America generally. 
 
€ur0jprait 
 
 awXs 
 
 ^mniraii iStvirs. 
 
 FAMILIA III. STRIGID^. 
 
 a. SURNIA^jE. 
 
 Genus 25. Surnia, Dum. 
 
 37. Surnia Funerea, Dum. (Strix 
 fiinerea. Lath. nee. L.) Gould, 
 pi. 45. Northern Europe. 
 
 29. Surnia Funerea, Nob. (S/ricc 
 funerea, Wils.) Aud. pi. 378. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 26. Nyctea, Nob. 
 
 38. 
 
 Nyctea Candida, Nob. (Strix 
 nyctea, L.) Gould, pi. 43. 
 Northern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 27. Glaucidium, Boie. 
 
 39. Glaucidium Passerinum, Boie. 
 Strix Jcadica, Temm.) Gould, 
 pi. 50. North-eastern Europe. 
 
 30. Nyctea Candida, Nob. (Strix 
 Nyctea, Wils.) Aud. pi. 121. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 28. Athene, Boie. (Nyctipetes, Sw.) 
 
 40. Athene Noctua, Nob. (Strix 
 Passerina, Temm. nee. L.) 
 Gould, pi. 48. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 29. 
 
 41. Scops Aldrovandi, Ray. (Strix 
 Scops, L.) Gould, pi. 41. 
 Southern and central Europe. 
 
 31, Athene Cunicularia, Nob. 
 (Strix cunicularia, Mol.) Aud. 
 pi. 412. North-western parts. 
 
 Scops, Sav. 
 
 32. Scops Asio, Nob. (Strix Asio 
 S/- ncEvia, Gm.) Aud. pi. 97. 
 America generally. 
 
 b. BUBONINjE. 
 Gen. 30. Bubo, Cuv. (Asio ^ Heliaptex, Sw.) 
 
 42. Bubo Ascalaphus, Sav. (Strix 
 Ascalaphus, Temm.) Gould, 
 pi. 38. Eastern Europe. 
 
 43. Bubo Maximus, Sibb. (Strix 
 Bubo, L.) Gould, pi. 37. Eu- 
 rope generally. 
 
 33. Bubo Virginianus, Nob. (Strix 
 virginiana, Gm.) Heliaptex 
 Arcticus, Sw. albino. Aud. 
 pi. 61. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 31. Syrnium, Cuv. (Scotiaptex, Sw.) 
 
 44. Syrnium Cinereum, '^oh.(Strix 
 lapponica, Retz.) Gould, pi. 
 24. Northern Europe. 
 
 45. Syrnium Uralense, ^o\e.(Strix 
 uralensis, Pallas.) Gould, pi. 
 44. Noi'th-eastern Europe. 
 
 46. Syrnium Aluco, Boie. (Strix 
 Aluco, ^ Stridula, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 47. Europe generally. 
 
 34. Syrnium Cinereum, Nob.(.S'/r?'.c 
 cinerea, Gm.) Aud. pi. 351. 
 Northern parts. 
 
€ur0jpran 
 
 anit 
 
 ^mcrifnu Miv'is^. 
 
 c. ULVLIN^. 
 
 47. Otus Vulgaris, Flem. (Strix 
 Otus, L.) Gould, pi. 39. Eu- 
 rope generally. 
 
 Gen. 33. B 
 
 48. Brachyotus Palustris, Gould, 
 Strix brachyotus, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 40. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 34. 
 
 49. Ulula Nebulosa, Cuv. (Strix 
 nebulosa, L.) Gould, pi. 46. 
 Northern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 35. Nyctale, 
 
 50. Nyctale Tengmalmi, Nob. 
 (Strix tenginahni, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 49. Northern Europe. 
 
 Genus 32. Otus, Cuv. 
 
 35. Otus Americanus, Nob. (Strix 
 Otus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 383. 
 America generally. 
 
 36. Otus Mexicanus, Nob. (Otus 
 clamator, Vieill.) Aud. pi. 412. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 rachyotus, Gould. 
 
 37. Brachyotus Palustris, Gould, 
 Strix brachyotus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 410. Northern parts. 
 
 Ulula, Cuv. 
 
 38. Ulula Nebulosa, Cuv. (Strix 
 nebulosa, L.) Aud. pi. 46. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 Brehm. (Scotophilus, Sw.) 
 
 39. Nyctale Richardsoni, Nob. 
 (Strix tengmalmi, Richards.) 
 Aud. pi. 380. 
 
 40. Nyctale Acadica, Nob. (Strix 
 acadica, Gm.) Aud. pi. 199. 
 Northern and central parts. 
 
 51, Strix Flammea, L. 
 pi 30. Europe generally. 
 
 a. STRIGINjE. 
 Gen. 36. Strix, L. 
 Gould, 41. StrixPratincola, Nob. (^/n'a; 
 
 flammea, Wils.) 
 Northern parts. 
 
 Aud. pi. 171. 
 
CurDjpfaiT 
 
 aiits 
 
 ^mtrtau IStrOjS. 
 
 ORDO IL— PASSERES. 
 
 SECTIO I.— AMBULATORES. 
 
 FAMILIA IV.— CAPRIMULGIDiE. 
 
 a. CAFEIMULGIN^. 
 
 Genus 37. Caprimulgus, L. 
 
 52. Caprimulgus Ruficollis, 
 Temm. Gould, pi. 52. South- 
 western Europe during summer. 
 
 53. Caprimulgus Europjeus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 51. Europe gene- 
 rally in summer. 
 
 Gen. 38. Antrostomus, Gould. 
 
 42. Antrostomus Carolinensis, 
 Nob. (Caprimulgus Caroli- 
 nensis, Gm.) Aud. pi. 52. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 43. Antrostomus Vociferus, 
 Nob. ( Caprimulgus Virgiiii- 
 anus, Vieill. nee Auct.) Aud. 
 pi. 82, Southern and central 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 39. Chordeiles, Sw. 
 
 44. Chordeiles Virginianus, Nob. 
 (Caprimulgus Popetue, Vieill.) 
 Aud. pi. 147. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
 FAMILIA v.— HIRUNDINID^. 
 
 a. CYFSELINjE. 
 
 Gen. 40. Cypselus, Illiger. 
 
 54. Cypselus Apus, Illig. (Hi- 
 rundo apus, L.) Gould, pi. 
 53, fig. 1. Europe generally. 
 
 55. Cypselus Melba, Illig. (Hi- 
 rundo Melba, L.) Gould, pi. 
 53, fig. 2. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 41. Ch^tura, Steph. 
 (Aconthylis, Boie.) 
 
 45. Ch^tura Pelasgia, Steph. 
 ( Hirundo pelasgia, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 158. America generally, 
 during summer. 
 
 b. HIR UNDININ^. 
 
 Gen. 42. Progne, Boie. 
 
 46. Progne Purpurea, Boie. 
 (Hirundo purpurea, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 22. America generally, 
 during summer. 
 
 Gen. 43. Chelidon, Boie. 
 
 56. Chelidon Urbica, Boie. (Hi- 47. Chelidon Bicolor, Nob. (Hi- 
 
 rundo urbica, L.) Gould, pi. rundo bicolor, Vieill.) Aud. 
 
 57. Europe generally. pi. 98. America generally, 
 
 during summer. 
 
(i?ur0pcan 
 
 anlf 
 
 amtncan aUtrti^. 
 
 9 
 
 Genus 44. Cotyle, Boie. 
 
 57. Cotyle Riparia, Boie. (Hi- 
 rundo riparia, L.) Gould, pi. 
 58. Europe generally. 
 
 58. Cotyle Rupestris, Boie. {Hi- 
 rundo rupestris, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 56. Southern Europe. 
 
 48. Cotyle Riparia? Boie. (Hi- 
 rundo riparia, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 385, fig. 1, 2, 8. America 
 generally, during summer. 
 
 Gen. 45. Hirundo, L. (Cecropis, Boie.) 
 
 49. HiRUNDo Thalassina, 
 Aud. pi. 385, fig. 4, 5. 
 
 Svv. 
 
 59. HiRUNDO RuFULA, TemiTi. 
 (Hirundo daurica, Sav.) Gould, 
 pi. 55. Southern Europe. 
 
 60. Hirundo RusTicA, L. Gould, 
 pi. 54. Europe generally. 
 
 50. Hirundo Fulva, Vieill. 
 (Hirundo lunifrons, Say.) Aud. 
 pi. 68. North-western parts. 
 
 51. Hirundo Rufa, Gm. (Hi- 
 rundo Americana, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 173. America generally, 
 during summer. 
 
 FAMILIA VI.— AMPELID^. 
 
 Gen. 46. Bombycilla, Briss. 
 
 61. Bombycilla Garrula, Vieill. 
 (Ampelisgarrulus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 160. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 47. Coracias, L. 
 
 62. Coracias Garrula, L. Gould, 
 pi. 60. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 52. Bombycilla Garrula? Vieill. 
 (B. G. Nob. Am. Orn.) Aud. 
 pi. 363. 
 
 53. Bombycilla Carolinensis, 
 Briss. (Bombycilla cedrorum, 
 Vieill.) Aud. pi. 43. America 
 generally. 
 
 FAM. VII.— MEROPID^. 
 
 Gen. 48. Merops, L. 
 
 63. Merops Apiaster, L. Gould, 
 pi. 59. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 64. Merops Persicus, Pallas. 
 (Merops superciliosus, var. B. 
 Lath. Eastern Europe. 
 
 FAMILIA VIIL— ALCEDINIDiE. 
 
 Gen. 49. Alcedo. L. 
 
 65. Alcedo Ispida, L. Gould, 
 pi. 61. Europe generally. 
 
10 
 
 Curopran 
 
 aittr 
 
 ^mrrttau JJirlfs. 
 
 Genus 50. Ceryle, Boie. (Ispida, Swains.^ 
 
 66. Ceryle RuDis, Boie. (Alcedo 54. Ceryle Alcy'on, Boie. (Jlcedo 
 
 rudis, L.J Gould, pi. 62. alcyon, L.J Aud. pi. 77. 
 
 South-eastern Europe. America generally. 
 
 FAMILIA IX.— UPUPID^. 
 Gen. 51. Upupa, L. 
 
 67. Upupa Epops, L. Gould pi. 
 238. Europe generally. 
 
 FAM. X.— TROCHILIDiE. 
 
 Gen. 52. Trochilus, L. 
 
 55. TrochilusColubris, L. Aud. 
 pi. 47. North America gene- 
 rally, during summer. 
 
 56. Trochilus Anna, Less. Aud. 
 pi. 425. 
 
 Gen. 53. Lampornis, Sw. 
 
 57. Lampornis Mango, Sw. {Tro- 
 chilus mango, L.J Aud. pi. 
 184. 
 
 Gen. 54. Calliphlox, Boie. 
 
 58. Calliphlox RuFA, Nob. (Tro- 
 chilus rufus, Gm.J Aud. pi. 
 379. 
 
 FAMILIA XI.— CERTHID^. 
 
 a. SITTING. 
 
 Gen. 55. 
 
 68. Sitta Syriaca, Ehrenberg. 
 (Sitta Neumayeri Michols.J 
 Gould, pi. 235. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 69. Sitta Europ^a, L. Gould, 
 pi. 234. Europe generally. 
 
 70. Sitta Asiatica, Temm. Gould, 
 pi. 236. Eastern Europe. 
 
 Sitta, L. 
 
 59. Sitta Carolinensis, Briss. 
 Aud. pi. 152. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 60. Sitta Canadensis, L. Aud. 
 pi. 105. America generally. 
 
 61. Sitta Pusilla, Lath. Aud. 
 pi. 125. Southern parts. 
 
 62. Sitta PYOMiEA, Vigors. Aud. 
 pi. 419. South-western parts. 
 
<£uroji0au 
 
 ants 
 
 ^mmran TBivtsg. 
 
 11 
 
 b. CERTHINM. 
 Genus 56. Tichodroma, 111. 
 71. Tichodroma Muraria, 111. 
 
 (Certhia muraria, h.) Gould, 
 pi. 239. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 57. 
 
 72. Certhia Familiaris, L. Gould, 
 pi. 237. Europe generally. 
 
 73. Certhia Nattereri, Nob. 
 Eastern Europe (Dalmatia.) 
 
 Gen. 60. 
 
 74. Troglodytes Europ^us, Cuv. 
 (Motacilla troglochjtes, L.J 
 Gould, pi. 130. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Certhia, L. 
 
 63. Certhia Americana, Nob. 
 ( Certhia familiaris, L.J Aud. 
 pi. 419. Western and northern 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 58. Mniotilta, Vieill. 
 ( Oxyglossus, Svv.J 
 
 64. Mniotilta Varia, Vieill. 
 (Motacilla varia, L.J Aud. 
 pi. 90. 
 
 Gen. 59. Thryothorus, Vieill. 
 
 65. Thryothorus Obsoletus, Nob. 
 (Troglodytes ohsoleta, Say. J 
 Aud. pi. 360, fig. 4. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 QQ. Thryothorus Ludovicianus, 
 Nob. ( Certhia Caroliniana, 
 Wils.J Aud. pi. 78. Southern 
 and central parts. 
 
 67. Thry'othorus Palustris, Nob. 
 ( Certhia palmtris, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 100. Central parts. 
 
 68. Thryothorus Bewicki, Nob. 
 (Troglodytes Bewicki,) Aud. 
 pi. 18. 
 
 Troglodytes, Vieill. 
 
 69. Troglodytes Americanus, 
 Aud. pi. 179. 
 
 70. Troglodytes ^Edon, Vieill. 
 (Sylvia domestica, Wils.J Aud. 
 pi. 83. America generally, 
 during summer. 
 
 71.TroglodytesHyemalis, Vieill. 
 (Sylvia troglodytes, Wils. J Aud. 
 pi. 360, fig. 1, 2, 3. Americc<, 
 generally. 
 
 72. Troglodytes Brevirostris, 
 Nutt, Aud. pi. 175. 
 
 FAMTLIA XIL— TURDID^. 
 
 a. CALAMOHERPINjE. 
 
 Gen. 61. Cettia, Nob. 
 
 75. Cettia Altisonans, Nob. 
 (Sylvia cetti, Marmora.J Gould, 
 pi. 114. South of Europe. 
 
1 2 CurDjpcaiT anO ^mrrtraii 'Btrt^. 
 
 76. Cettia Sericea, Nob. (Sylvia 
 sericea, "Natt.) Gould, pi. 115. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 62. Pseudo-Luscinia, Nob. 
 
 77. PsEUDo-LusciNiA Savii, Nob. 
 (Syloia lusc'mioides, Savi.^ 
 Gould, pi. 104. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 63. Locustella, Ray. 
 
 78. Locustella Fluviatilis, 
 Gould. (Sijlvia fluviatilis, 
 Meyer, j Gould, pi. 102. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 79. Locustella Rayi, Gould. 
 (Sylvia locustella, Lath.^ 
 Gould, pi. 103. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 80 Locustella Certhiola, Nob. 
 (Sylvia certhiola, Temm.^ 
 Gould, pi. 105. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 64. Calamodyta, Nob. 
 
 81. Calamodyta Melanopogon, 
 Nob. (Sylvia 7nelanopo(/on, 
 Temm.; Gould, pi. Ill, fig. 
 2. Southern Europe. 
 
 82. Calamodyta Cariceti, Nob. 
 (Sylvia cariceti, Naum.^ Central 
 Europe. 
 
 83. Calamodyta Phragmitis, Nob. 
 (Sylvia jj/iraymitis, Bechst.^ 
 Gould, pi. 110. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 84. Calamodyta ScHtENOB^NUS, 
 Nob. (Motacilla Schcenobcenus, 
 L.; Gould, pi. Ill, fig. 2. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 65. Cysticola, Less. 
 
 85. Cysticola Schcenicola, Nob. 
 (Sylvia cysticola, Temm.J 
 
 • Gould, pi. 113. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 66. Erythropygia, Smith. 
 {Agrobates, Svv.) 
 
 86. Erythropygia Familiaris, 
 Nob. ( Sylvia familiaris, Mene- 
 tries.^ South-eastern Europe. 
 
€\iraptm anlr ^mexican 2UtrW. 13 
 
 87. Erythropygia Galactotes, 
 Nob. {Sylvia galactodes, Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 112. South-western 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 67. Calamoherpe, Meyer. 
 
 88. Calamoherpe TuRDOiDEs, Boie. 
 (Turdus arundinaceus, L.J 
 Gould, pi. 100. Continental 
 Europe. 
 
 89. Calamoherpe ? Ohvetorum, 
 Nob. (SaUcaria olive f or lan.) 
 Gould, pi. 109. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 90. Calamoherpe Arundinacea, 
 Boie. (Sylvia arundinacea, 
 Lath.J Gould, pi. 109. Eu- 
 rope generally. 
 
 91. Calamoherpe Palustris. Boie. 
 (Sylvia palustris, Bechst.J 
 Gould, pi. 109. Central and 
 southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 68. Hippolais, Brehm. 
 
 92. Hippolais Salicaria, Nob. 
 (Mofacilla hippolais, 1..J Gould, 
 pi. 133. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 b. SYLVIN^. 
 
 Gen. 69. Phyllopneuste, Meyer. ( Phyiloscopus, Boie.J 
 
 93. Phyllopneuste? Icterina, 
 Nob. (Sylvia icterina, Vieill. J 
 Gould, pi. 132. Southern and 
 central Europe. 
 
 94. Phyllopneuste Sibilatrix, 
 Nob. ( Sylvia sylvicola, Lath. J 
 Gould, pi. 13], fig. 3. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 95. Phyllopneuste Trochilus, 
 Nob. (Mofacilla trochilus, L.J 
 Gould, pi. 131, fig. 1. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 96. Phyllopneuste Rufa, Nob. 
 (Sylvia rufa, Lath .J Gould, 
 pi. 131, fig, 2. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 97. Phyllopneuste Bonellii, 
 Nob. (Sylvia Nattereri, Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 134. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
14 C-ur0iJcatt auU ^mertcan aSirtf^. 
 
 Genus 70. Melizophilus, Leach. 
 
 98. Melizophilus Provincialis, 
 Leach. ( Motacilla provincialis, 
 Gm.) Gould, pi. 129. Eu- 
 rope generally. 
 
 Gen. 71. Sylvia, Lath. 
 
 99. Sylvia Mel ANocEPHAL A, Lath. 
 (Motacilla melanocephalu, Gm.) 
 Gould, pi. 129. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 100. Sylvia Sarda, Marmora. 
 Gould, pi. 127. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 101. Sylvia Conspicillata, Mar- 
 mora. Gould, pi. 126. South 
 Europe. 
 
 102. Sylvia Subalpina, Bonelli. 
 (Sylvia leucopogon, Meyer.) 
 Gould, pi. 124. Southern 
 Europe. 
 
 103. Sylvia CuRRucA, Lath. (Cur- 
 ruca garrula, Br.) Gould, pi. 
 1.25j %. 2. Europe generally. 
 
 104. Sylvia Mystacea, Menetr. 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 105. Sylvia Icterops, Menetr. 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 106. Sylvia Cinerea, Nob. (Mo- 
 tacilla Sylvia, L.) Gould, pi. 
 125, fig. 1. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 72. Curruca, Briss. 
 
 107. Curruca Hortensis, Br. 
 (Motacilla Iiortensis, Gm.) 
 Gould, pi. 121. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 108. Curruca Orphea, Br. (Syl- 
 via Orphea, Temm.) Gould, 
 pi. 119. Eastern and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 109. Curruca Atricapilla, Br. 
 (Motacilla atricapilla, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 120. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 110. Curruca? Ruppelli, Nob. 
 {Sylvia Ruppelli,T emm.) Gould, 
 pL 122, 
 
European anlr American 33trli£!. 15 
 
 Genus 73. Nisoria, Nob. 
 
 111. Nisoria Undata, Nob. (Syl- 
 via tiisoria, Bechst.) Gould, 
 pi. 128. 
 
 Gen. 74. Accentor, Bechst. 
 
 112. Accentor Alpinus, Bechst. 
 (Motactlla alpina & Slurmis 
 collar is, Gm.) Gould, pi. 99. 
 Central and southern Europe. 
 
 113. Accentor Modularis, Cuv. 
 ( Motacilla modularis, L.) 
 
 Gould, pi. 100. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 114. Accentor Montanellus, 
 Temm. Gould, pi. 101. South- 
 eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 75. Calliope, Gould. 
 
 115. Calliope Lathami, Gould. 
 {Motacilla Calliope, Lath.) 
 Gould, pi. 114. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 76. Luscinia, Br. 
 (Philomela, Sw.) 
 
 116. Luscinia Major, Briss. (Syl- 
 via philomela, Bechst.) Gould, 
 pi. 117. Central Europe. 
 
 117. Luscinia Philomela, Nob. 
 CMotacilla luscinia, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 116. Europe generally. 
 
 c. SAXICOLIN^. 
 Gen 77. Dandalus, Boie. (Erythaca, Sw. — Rtihecula, Br.) 
 
 118. Dandalus Rubecula, Boie. 
 {Motacilla Rubecula, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 98. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 78. Cyanecula, Brehm. 
 
 119. Cyanecula Suecica, Boie. 
 (Motacilla Suecica, L.) Gould, 
 pi, 97. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 79. Ruticilla, Br. 
 {Phcenicura, Sw.) 
 
 120. Ruticilla Phcenicura, Nob. 
 (Motacilla phoenicuriis, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 95. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
IG 
 
 (Snr aptnn 
 
 miO 
 
 ^mtvUmi 33{rW. 
 
 121. RuTiciLLA TiTHYS, Bvehm. 
 {Sylvia tilhys, Scopoli.) Gould, 
 pi. 9G. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 80. Saxicola, Bechst. 
 
 122. Saxicola Rubicola, Bechst. 
 {Motacilla rubicola, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 94. Europe generally. 
 
 123. Saxicola Rubetra, Bechst. 
 (Motacilla ruhetra, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 93. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 81. Vitiflora, Briss. 
 (CEnanthe, Vieill.) 
 
 124. Vitiflora Saltatrix, Nob. 
 (^Saxicola saltator, Menetr.) 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 125. Vitiflora Aurita, Nob. 
 (Saxicola aurita,Temm.) Gould, 
 pi. 92. Southern Europe. 
 
 126. Vitiflora Stapazina, Nob. 
 {Motacilla slapazina, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 91. Southern Europe. 
 
 127. Vitiflora Q^nanthe, Nob. 
 (Motacilla CEnanthe,h.) Gould, 
 pi. 90. 
 
 128. Vitiflora Leucomela, Nob. 
 (Motacilla leucomela, Pallas.) 
 Northern and eastern Europe. 
 
 129. Vitiflora Leucura, Nob. 
 {Turclus leucurus, Gm. Saxi- 
 cola cachinnans, Tenira.) Gould, 
 pi. 88. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 83. Petrocincla, Vig. part. 
 
 130. Petrocincla Saxatilis, Vig. 
 (Turclus saxatilis, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 86. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 84. Petrocossyphus, Boie. 
 
 131. Petrocossyphus Cyaneus, 
 Boie. (Tardus cyaneus, L. & 
 solitarius, Gm.) Gould, pi. 87. 
 Southern and central Europe. 
 
 d. ORIOLINjE. 
 Gen. 85. Oriolus, L. 
 
 132. Oriolus Galbula, L. Gould, 
 ])1. 71. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 Gen. 82. Sialia, Sw. 
 
 SiALiA WiLsoNi, S\v. (Mota- 
 cilla sialis, L.) Aud. pi. 113, 
 America generallj\ 
 
 SiALiA Arctica, Sw. Aud. 
 pi. 318, fig. 2, 3. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 75. Sialia Mexicana, Sw. (Sia- 
 lia occidentalis ? Towns.) Aud. 
 pi. 318, fig. 45. Southern 
 parts. 
 
(!?tiroj)pau anlr 
 
 e. TURBINE, 
 
 Genus 86. Merula, Ray. 
 
 133. Merula Vulgaris, Ray. 
 (Tardus merula, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 72. Europe generally. 
 
 134. Merula Torquata, Briss. 
 (Titrdus torquatus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 73. Europe generally. 
 
 135. Merula Atrogularis, Nob. 
 (Turdus atrogidarls, Naumann. 
 Gould, pi. 75. Eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 87. 
 
 136. Turdus Pilaris, L. Gould, 
 pi. 76. Northern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 137. Turdus Viscivorus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 77. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 138. Turdus Musicus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 78, fig. 1. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 139. Turdus Iliacus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 78, fig. 2. Europe generally. 
 
 140. Turdus Naumanni, Temni. 
 Gould, pi. 79. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Pallidus, Pallas. 
 80. Eastern Eu- 
 
 aimcrtran 33irlfi^. 17 
 
 141. Turdus 
 Gould, pi. 
 rope. 
 
 142. Turdus 
 Suppl. pi. 
 
 Werneri, Gene. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 143. Turdus Sibiricus, Pall. 
 Gould, pi. 82. Eastern Europe. 
 
 144. Turdus Auroreus, Pall. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 88. Oreocincla, Gould. 
 
 145. Oreocincla Whitei, Gould. 
 {Turdus Whifei,Eyton). Gould, 
 pi. 81. Eastern Europe. Ac- 
 cidental in England. 
 
 Turdus, L. 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 Turdus Migratorius, L. 
 Aud. pi. 131. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Turdus Mustelinus, Gm. 
 (Turdus melodus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 73. America generally. 
 
 Turdus Solitarius, Wils. 
 (Merula solitaria, Sw. pi. 35.) 
 Aud. pi. 58. Northern parts. 
 
 Turdus Minor, Gm. 
 rula minor, Sw. pi. 30.) 
 rica generally. 
 
 80. Turdus Wilsoni, Nob. 
 dus 7nustelinus, Wils.) 
 
 79 
 
 (Me- 
 Ame- 
 
 (Tur- 
 Aud. 
 pi. 164. America generally. 
 
 81. Turdus N^evius, Gm. (Or- 
 pheus ineruloides, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 369, fig. 2, 3. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 89. Mimus, Boie. 
 (Orpheus, Sw.) 
 
 82. Mimus Montanus, Nob. {Or- 
 pheus montanus, Towns.) Aud. 
 pi. 369, fig. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 83. Mimus Polyglottus, Boie. 
 {Turdus polygloUus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 21. America generally. 
 
18 
 
 Cciiropran 
 
 aixO 
 
 ^mrriran 33frlfs. 
 
 84, 
 
 85 
 
 ( Turdus 
 pi. 116. 
 
 MiMus RuFus, Nob. 
 rvfits, L.) Aud. 
 America generally. 
 
 MiMus Felivox, Nob. {Tur- 
 dus felivox, Vieill.) Aud. pi. 
 128. America generally. 
 
 146. CiNCLUs Pallasi, Temm. 
 Gould, pi. 85. Eastern Europe. 
 
 147. CiNCLus Aquaticus, Bechst. 
 (Sturmts cinclus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 83 and pi. 84, var. ? 
 
 Genus 90. Cinclus, Bechst 
 86 
 
 Cinclus Unicolor, Nob. (Cin- 
 clus Mexicanus, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 370. 
 
 /. MOTACILLIN^. 
 Gen. 91. Anthus, Bechst. 
 
 148. Anthus Richardi, Vieill. 
 Gould, pi. 135. Europe gene- 
 rally. (Gen. Corydalla, Vig.) 
 
 149. Anthus Campestris, Meyer. 
 (Anthus riifescens, Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 137. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 150. Anthus Rupestris, Menetr. 
 nee Auct. South-eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 151. Anthus Spinoletta, Nob. 
 (Anthus aquaticus, Bechst.) 
 Gould, pi. 138. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 152. Anthus Rufogularis, Brehm. 
 Gould, pi. 140. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 153. Anthus Pratensis, Bechst. 
 {Alauda pratensis, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 136. Europe generally. 
 
 154. Anthus Arboreus, Bechst. 
 Gould, pi, 139. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 92. Budytes, Cuv. 
 
 155. Budytes Flava, Cuv. (Mo- 
 tacilla flava, L.) Gould, pi. 
 146. Continental Europe. 
 
 156. Budytes Rayi, Gould. (Mo- 
 tacilla flava, Ray.) Gould, pi. 
 145. British Islands. 
 
 87. Anthus Ludovicianus, Licht. 
 ( Alauda ruf a, Wils.) Aud. pi, 
 10. Northern parts. 
 
 88. Anthus Pipiens. Aud. pi. 80. 
 North-western parts. 
 
European aim ^mprfcau iBtrW. 19 
 
 157. BUDYTES CiNEREOCAPILLA, 
 
 Nob.) (Motacilla ciuereoca- 
 pilla, Savi.) Gould, Suppl. pi. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 158. BuDYTEs Melanocephala, 
 Nob. (Motacilla melanoce- 
 phala, Licht.) Gould, Suppl. 
 pi. South-eastern Europe. 
 
 159. Budytes Citreola, Nob. 
 (Motacilla eitreola, Pallas.) 
 Gould, pi. 144. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Genus 93. Motacilla, L. 
 
 160. Motacilla Boarula, Lath, 
 Gould, pi, 147. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 161. Motacilla Alba, L. Gould, 
 pi. 143. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 162. Motacilla Yarrelli. Gould, 
 pi. 141. British Islands. 
 
 163. Motacilla Lugubris, Pallas. 
 Gould, pi. 142. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 g. PARINjE. 
 
 Gen. 94. Regulus, Ray. 
 
 104. Regulus Ignicapillus, Cuv. 89. Regulus Satrapa, Licht. 
 
 (Sylvia ignicapilla, Brehm.) (Sylvia regulus, Wils.) Aud. 
 
 Gould, pi. 148, fig. 2. Central pi. 183. Northern parts, 
 and southern Europe. 
 
 165. Regulus Cristatus, Ray. 90. Regulus Cuvierii, Aud. pi. 
 (Motacilla regulus, L.) Gould, 55. Northern parts. 
 
 pi. 148, fig. 1. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 166. Regulus Modestus, Gould, 91. Regulus Calendula, Licht. 
 pi. 149. South-eastern Eu- . (Motacilla calendula, L.) Aud. 
 rope. pi. 195. Northern and central 
 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 95. Parus, L. 
 
 167. Parus Major, L. Gould, 
 pi. 150. Europe generally. 
 
 168. Parus Lugubris, Natter. 
 Gould, pi. 151, fig. I. South- 
 eastern Europe. 
 
 169. Parus SiBiRicus, Gm. Gould, 92. Parus IIudsonicus, Lath, 
 pi. 151, fig. 2. North-eastern Aud. pi. 194. Northern parts. 
 Europe. 
 
20 
 
 €ttropcart 
 
 miO 
 
 <Mmmtan MtHg. 
 
 170. Parus Ater, L. Gould, pi. 
 155, fig. 1. Eui-ope generally. 
 
 171. Parus Palustris, L. Gould, 
 pi. 155, fig. 2. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 172. Parus C^RULEus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 154. Europe generally. 
 
 173. Parus Cyanus, Pallas. 
 Gould, pi. 153. North-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 93, 
 
 94. 
 
 95, 
 
 06 
 
 Parus Atricapillus, L. Aud. 
 pi. 353, fig. 3, 4. America 
 generally. 
 
 Parus Carolinensis, Aud. pi. 
 160. Southern parts. 
 
 Parus Rufescens, Towns. 
 Aud. pi. 353, fig. 1, 2. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 Parus Minimus, Towns. Aud. 
 pi. 353, fig. 5, 6. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 97. 
 
 Parus Bicolor, L. Aud. pi. 
 39. Northern parts. 
 
 174. Parus Bicolor, L. Gould, 
 pi. 152. Northern Europe. 
 
 175. Parus Cristatus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 156. Central Europe. 
 
 Genus 96. Mecistura, Leach. (Paroides, Brehm^. 
 
 176. Mecistura Caudata, Leach. 
 (Parus caudatus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 157. Europe generallj'. 
 
 Gen. 97. Calamophilus, Leach, {^Mystacinus Brehm). 
 
 177. Calamophilus Biarmicus, 
 Leach. {Parus hiarmicus, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 158. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 98, iEciTHALUs, Vig. (Pendulinus, Cuv.) 
 
 178. iEciTHALUs Pendulinus, Vig. 
 (Parus pendulinus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 159. Southei-n Europe. 
 
 h. SYLVICOLINjE. 
 
 Gen. 99. Parula, Nob. 
 
 98. Parula Americana, Nob. 
 C Parus Americanus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 15. Central and southern 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 100. Trichas, Sw. 
 
 99. Trichas Marilandica, Nob. 
 (Turdus trichas, L.) Aud. pL 
 23. America generally. 
 
 100. Trichas Philadelphia, Nob. 
 (Sylvia Philadelphia ^ S. agilis, 
 Wils.; Aud. pi. 399, and pi. 
 138, young. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 101. Vermivora, Swains. 
 
 101. Vermivora Pennsylvanica, 
 Sw. (Sylvia vermivora. Lath.) 
 Aud. pi. 34. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
102. VEnMivoRA SwAiNsoNi, Nob. 
 (Si/lvia Swainsonii.) Aud. pi. 
 198, 
 
 103. Vermivora Protonotarius, 
 Nob. {Sylvia protonotarius, 
 Lath.) Aud. pi. 3. Southern 
 parts. 
 
 104. Vermivora Solitaria, Sw. 
 {Sylvia solitaria, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 20. America generally. 
 
 105. Vermivora Chrysoptera, Sw. 
 (Motacilla chrysoptera, h.) 
 Aud. pi. 414. Southern parts. 
 
 106. Vermivora Bachmani, Nob. 
 (Sylvia Bachmani.) Aud. pi. 
 185. 
 
 107. Vermivora Peregrina, Nob. 
 {Sylvia peregrina, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 154. South-western parts. 
 
 108. Vermivora Carbonata, Nob. 
 (Sylvia carbonata.) Aud. pi. 
 60. 
 
 109. Vermivora Nigrescens, Nob. 
 (Sylvia nigrescens, Towns. ^ 
 Aud. pi. 395, fig. 5, 6. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 110. Vermivora Rubricapilla, 
 Sw. {Sylvia rubricapilla, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 89. Southern 
 parts. 
 
 111. Vermivora Celata, Jard. 
 (Sylvia celata, Say.^ Aud. pi. 
 178. Central parts. 
 
 Genus 102. Seiurus, Sw. 
 
 112. Seiurus Aurocapillus, Sw. 
 {Turdus aurocapillus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 143. Amei-ica generally. 
 
 113. Seiurus Noveboracensis, 
 Nob. {Motacilla noveboracensis, 
 Gm.) Aud. pi. 426. America 
 generally. 
 
 114. Seiurus LuDOViciANUs, Nob. 
 {Turdus ludovicianus.) Aud. pi. 
 19. 
 
 Gen. 103. Sylvicola, Sw. 
 
 115. Sylvicola Auduboni, Nob. 
 {SylviaAuduboni,Tovins.) Aud. 
 pi. 395, fig. 1, 2. North- 
 western parts. 
 
22 Curopraii aiiti ^mertran Mxtsg, 
 
 116. Sylvicola Coronata, Sw. 
 (Motacilla coronata, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 153. America generally. 
 
 117. Sylvicola Ruficapilla, Nob. 
 {Sylvia ruficapilla, Lath, nee 
 Vieill.) {Sylvia palmariim, 
 Nob. c^- petechia.) Aud. pi. 
 163, and pi. 145 young. Central 
 and southern parts. 
 
 118. Sylvicola Maculosa, Sw. 
 {Sylvia maculosa. Lath.) Aud. 
 pi. 123 adult, aud 50 young. 
 America generally. 
 
 119. Sylvicola Maritima, Sw. 
 {Sylvia maritima, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 414. Northern parts, rare. 
 
 120. Sylvicola Pardalina, Nob. 
 {Motacilla Canadensis, sp. 27, 
 L.) Aud. pi. 103. America 
 generally. 
 
 121. Sylvicola Pensilis, Nob. 
 (Sylvia pensilis. Lath.) Aud. 
 pi. 85. Northern parts. 
 
 122. Sylvicola ViRENs, Sw. {Syl- 
 via virens. Lath.) Aud. pi. 
 399. America generally. 
 
 123.SYLVICOLABLACKBURNl^,Jard. 
 
 (Sylvia BlackhurnicB, Lath.) 
 Aud. pi. 135. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 124. Sylvicola Icterocephala, 
 Sw. {Sylvia icterocephala, 
 Lath.) Aud. pi. 59. America 
 generally. 
 
 125. Sylvicola Castanea, Sw. 
 (Sylvia castanea, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 69. America generally. 
 
 126. Sylvicola Striata, Sw, {Syl- 
 via striata, Lath.) Aud. pi. 
 123. America generally. 
 
 127. Sylvicola Pinus, Jard. {Syl- 
 via pinus, Lath.) Aud. pi. 
 140 and pi. 30 (Sylvia vigorsii) 
 young. Southern parts. 
 
 128. Sylvicola Parus, Jard. {Syl- 
 via parus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 134 
 adult, and pi. 88 (S. autumnalis, 
 Wils.) young. Northern parts. 
 
Ctiroppan anU ^mrrfrnit 33(rliiS. 23 
 
 129. Sylvicola Tigrina, Nob. 
 (Sylvia montana, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 414? America generally. 
 
 130. Sylvicola Discolor, Nob. 
 (Sylvia minuta, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 14. Southern and western 
 parts. 
 
 131. Sylvicola OcciDENTALis,Nob. 
 (Sylvia occidentalis, Towns.) 
 Aiid. pi. 395, fig. 3, 4. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 132. Sylvicola Townsendi, Nob. 
 {Sylvia Toivnsendi.) Aud. pi. 
 318, fig. 1. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 133. Sylvicola Rathbonia, Nob. 
 (Sylvia Rathbonia.) Aud .pi. 65. 
 
 134. Sylvicola jEstiva, Sw. 
 (Sylvia ccstiva Sf petechia, Lath.) 
 Aud. pi. 95 adult, and pi. 35 
 (Sylvia Childrenii) young. 
 America generally. 
 
 135. Sylvicola Formosa, Jard. 
 {Sylvia formosa, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 38. South-western parts. 
 
 136. Sylvicola Canadensis, Sw. 
 {Motacilla canadensis, sp.42, L.) 
 And. pi. 155 adult, and pi. 148 
 young. ( Sylvia sphagnosa. Nob.) 
 Northern parts. 
 
 137. Sylvicola Cerulea, Sw. 
 (Sylvia ccenilea, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 48 adult, and pi. 49 {Sylvia 
 rara, Wils.) young. Southern 
 parts. 
 
 Genus 108. Wilsonia, Nob. 
 
 138. Wilsonia Mitrata, Nob. 
 {Sylvia tnitrafa, Lath.) Aud. 
 pi. 90, and pi. 9 young. {Mus- 
 cicapa Selbyi, Aud.) 
 
 139. Wilsonia Bonapartii, Nob. 
 {Muscicapa Bonapartii.) Aud. 
 pi. 5. 
 
 140. Wilsonia Minuta, Nob. 
 {Muscicapa minuta, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. Southern and central parts. 
 
 141. Wilsonia Pusilla, Nob. 
 {Muscicapa pusilla, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 124. Southern parts. 
 
24 (iPurojjcan m\0 ^nicrtrnu JSfrlfg. 
 
 Gen. 105. Culicivora, S\v. 
 
 142. Culicivora CiERULEA, Svvr. 
 {Sylvia ccemlea, Lath.) Avid, 
 pi. 84. Central and southern 
 parts. 
 
 FAMILIA XIII.— MUSCICAPID7E. 
 
 a. MVSCICAPINA. 
 
 Gen. 106. Setophaga, Sw. 
 
 143. Setophaga Ruticilla, Sw. 
 ( Muscicapa ruticilla, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 40. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 107. Tyrannula, Sw. 
 
 144. Tyrannula Pusilla, Sw. 
 Aud. pi. 415. Northern parts. 
 
 145. Tyrannula Acadica, Sw. 
 {Muscicapa acadica, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 144. America generally. 
 
 146. Tyrannula Trailli, Nob. 
 ( Miiscicapa traillii.) Aud. pi. 
 45. North-western parts. 
 
 147. Tyrannula Virens, Jard. 
 {Muscicapa virens, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 115. America generally. 
 
 148. Tyrannula Phcebe, Nob. 
 {Muscicapa Pkcebe, hath.) Ty- 
 rannula Richardsonii,S\f.) Aud. 
 pi. 
 
 149. Tyrannula Fusca, Sw. {Mus- 
 cicapa fusca, Gm.) Aud. pi. 
 120. America generally. 
 
 150.TyrannulaSaya, Sw. {Mus- 
 cicapa say a, Nob. Am. Orn.) 
 Aud. pi. 359, fig. 4, 5. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 151. Tyrannula Nigricans, Sw. 
 Aud. pi. 415. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 Genus 108. Tyrannus, Vieill. 
 
 152. Tyrannus Cooperi, Nob. 
 {Tyrannus borealis, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 174. Northern parts. 
 
 153. Tyrannus Intrepidus, Vieill. 
 {Lanius tyrannus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 79. Southern parts. 
 
<£urOjpeau 
 
 aiits 
 
 ^mcifrau "BiilfiS. 
 
 25 
 
 Gen. 110. BuTALis, Boie. 
 
 179. BuTALis ('RisoLA,Boie. {Mus- 
 cicapa Grisola, L.) Gould, pi. 
 Go. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 111. MuscicAPA, L. 
 
 180. MuscicAPA Atricapilla, L. 
 {Musciccipa lucfuosa, Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 63. fig. 1. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 181. Muscicapa Albicollis 
 Temm. Gould, pi. 63, fig. 2. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 112. Erythrosterna, Nob. 
 
 182. Erythrosterna Parva, Nob. 
 (Muscicapa parva, Bechst.J 
 Gould, pi. 64. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 154. TYRANNUsDoMINICENSIS,Nob. 
 
 (Tyrannus matuthiiis, Vieill.) 
 And. pi. 170. Southern parts. 
 
 155. Tyrannus Verticalis, Say, 
 (Muscicapa verticalis, Nob. 
 Am. Orn.) Aud. pi. 359, fig. 
 1, 2. North-western parts. 
 
 156. Tyrannus Crinitus, Svv. 
 (Muscicapa crinita, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 129. America generally. 
 
 Genus 109. Milvulus, S\v. 
 
 157. MiLVUtUS FoRFICATUS, Sw, 
 
 {Muscicapa forficata, Gm.) 
 Aud. pi. 359, fig. 3. South- 
 western parts. 
 
 158. Milvulus Tyrannus, Nob. 
 Muscicapa tyrannus, L.) Aud, 
 pi. 168. America generally. 
 
 6. VIREONINJE. 
 
 Gen. 113. IcTERiA, Vieill. 
 
 159. IcTERiA ViRiDis, Nob. {Pipva 
 polyglotta Wils. Muscicapa 
 viridis, Gm.) Aud. pi. 137, 
 
 Gen, 114, Vireo, Vieill, 
 
 160. ViREo Flavifrons, Vieill. 
 (Muscicapa sylvicola, Wils. J 
 Aud. pi. 119. Ameiica gene- 
 rally. 
 
 £ 
 
26 QEurDprait mti ^mrrt'ran aStrOiS. 
 
 161. ViREO SOLITARIUS, Vieill. 
 ( Aluscicapa soUtar'ta, Wils.^ 
 And. pi. 28. Southern and 
 centra] parts. 
 
 1C2. ViREO NOVEBORACENSIS, Nob. 
 
 {Muscicapanoveboracensis,Gm.) 
 And. pi. (5.3. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 163. ViREo GiLvus, Nob. (Mus- 
 cicnpa gilva, Vieill.^ And. 
 pi. 118. America generally. 
 
 Genus 115. Vireosylva, Nob, 
 
 164. Vireosylva Olivacea, Nob. 
 ( Muscicapa olivacea, h.) And. 
 pi. 150. America generally. 
 
 165. Vireosylva Bartrami, Nob. 
 (Vireo Bartrami, Svv.J And, 
 pi. 415. North-western parts. 
 
 FAMILIA XIV.— LANID^. 
 
 c. LANIN^. 
 
 Gen. 116. Lanius, L. (Collnrio, Vig.) 
 
 183. Lanius ExcuBiTOR, L. Gould, 166. Lanius Septentrionalis, 
 
 pi. 66. Northern and central Gm. (Lanius excubitor, Wils, 
 
 Europe. L. borealis, Vieill.^ And. pi. 
 
 192. Northern parts. 
 
 184.LANiusMERiDioNALis,Temm. 167. Lanius Ludovicianus, L. 
 
 Gould, pi. 67. South-western (Lanius ardosiaceus, Vieill.) 
 
 Europe. Aud. pi. 57. Southern parts. 
 
 185. Lanius Minor, Gm. {Lanius 
 italicus, Lath.) Gould, pi. 68. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 117. Enneoctonus, Boie. (Lanius, Vig.) 
 
 186. Enneoctonus Collurio, 
 Boie. (Lanius Collurio, L.J 
 Gould, pi. 69. Europe gone- 
 rally. 
 
 187. Enneoctonus Rufus, Boie. 
 
 (Lanius rufus, Briss.j Gould, 
 pi. 70. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
€ur0jppafti 
 
 anir 
 
 ^mrrt'cait 23titf^. 27 
 
 FAMILIA XV.— CORVIDtE. 
 
 d. CORVINE. 
 
 Genus 118. Perisoreus, 
 
 188. Perisoreus Infaustus, Nob. 
 (Corvus infaustus, h.) Gould, 
 pi. 215. Northern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 119. Garrulus, Briss. 
 
 189. Garrulus Glandarius, Briss. 
 ( Corvus glandarins, \j.) Gould, 
 pi. 214. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 122. 
 
 190. Pica Cyanea, Wagl. {Corvus 
 cyaneus, Pallas.) Gould, pi. 
 217. South-western Europe. 
 
 191. PicaCaudata, Ray. (Corvus 
 Pica, L.) Gould, pi. 216. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 123. 
 
 192. Corvus Spermologus, Vieill. 
 Gould, Suppl. pi. . Central 
 Europe. 
 
 193. Corvus Monedula, Lmn. 
 Gould, pi. 223. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 194. Corvus Frugilegus, L* 
 Gould, pi. 224. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Nob. ( Dysornithia, Sw.J 
 
 1G8. Perisoreus Canadensis, Nob. 
 (Corvus canadeMsis, L. Sf Dys- 
 ornithia hrachyrJryncha, Sw.^ 
 Aud. pi. 107. Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 120. Cyanocorax, Boie. part. 
 
 169. Cyanocorax Stelleri, Nob. 
 (Corvus Stelleri, Pall.^ Aud. 
 pi. 362, fig. 2. 
 
 170. Cyanocorax Cristatus, Boie. 
 (Corvus cristatus, L.J Aud. 
 pi. 102. Northern and central 
 parts. 
 
 171. Cyanocorax Floridanus, 
 Nob. ( Corvus floridamis, 
 Bartram.) Aud. pi. 87. Southern 
 parts. 
 
 172. Cyanocorax Ultramarinus, 
 Nob. ( Garndus sordidus, Sw.) 
 Aud. pi. 362, fig. 3. 
 
 Gen. 121. Cyanurus, Sw. part. 
 
 173. Cyanurus Bullocki, Nob. 
 (Garrula guhernatrix, Temni.J 
 Aud. pi. 96. Southern parts. 
 
 Pica, Briss. 
 
 174. Pica Nuttalli. 
 362, fig. 1. 
 
 Aud. pi. 
 
 175. Pica Hudsonica, Nob. {Cor- 
 vus Hudsonicus, Sabine. Corvus 
 Pica, Wils.; Aud. pi. 3o7. 
 North-western parts. 
 
 Corvus, L. 
 
 176. Corvus Ossifragus, Wils. 
 Aud. pi. 145. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
28 
 
 €«r0praii 
 
 anti 
 
 ^mrrt'tan 33irlrs. 
 
 177. CoRvus Americanus, Aud. 
 (Corviis Cor one, Wils.J Aud. 
 p]. 156. America generally. 
 
 178. CoRvus Catototl, Wagl. 
 (Corvus Corax, Wils.^ Aud. 
 pi. 101. Southern parts. 
 
 195. Corvus Cornix, L. Gould, 
 pi. 222. Europe generally. 
 
 196. Corvus Corone, L. Gould, 
 pi. 221. Europe generally. 
 
 197. Corvus Corax, L. Gould, 
 pi. 220. Europe generally. 
 
 Genus 124. Fregilus, Cuv. 
 
 198. Fregilus Graculus, Cuv. 
 (Corvus Graculits, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 219. Europe generally, in 
 restricted mountainous locali- 
 ties. 
 
 Gen. 125. Pyrrhocorax. Cuv. 
 
 199. Pyrrhocorax ALPiNUs,Vieill. 
 ( Corvus Pyrrhocorax, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 218. Central Europe. 
 
 Gen. 126. Nucifraga, Briss. 
 
 200. Nucifraga Caryocatactes, 179. Nucifraga Columbiana, Aud. 
 Briss. {Corvus caryocatactes, {Corvus Columhianus, Wils.) 
 L.) Gould, pi. 213. Central Aud. pi. 362, fig. 4, 5. 
 Europe. Western parts. 
 
 e. STURNINJE. 
 
 Gen. 127. Quiscalus, Vieill. 
 
 180. Quiscalus Major, Vieill. 
 Aud. pi. 187. Southern parts. 
 
 181. Quiscalus Versicolor, Vieill. 
 ( Gracula qmscala, L.J Aud. 
 pi. 7. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 128. Scolecophagus, Sw. 
 
 182. Scolecophagus Ferrugineus, 
 Boie. (Gracula ferruginea, 
 Wils.) Aud.pl. 157. America. 
 
 • generally. 
 
 Gen. 129. Acridotheres, Ranz. 
 (Pastor, Temm.) 
 
 201. Acridotheres Roseus, Ranz. 
 (Tardus roseus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 212. Europe generallj\ 
 Accidental in the western parts. 
 
 Gen. 130. Sturnus, L. 
 
 202. Sturnus Vulgaris, L. Gould, 
 pi. 210. Europe generally. 
 
 203. Sturnus Unicolor, Marmora. 
 Gould, pi. 211. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
europcan anlr amcrtfatt 33trW. 29 
 
 Genus 131. Sturnella, Vieill. 
 
 183. Sturnella Ludoviciana, 
 Nob. (Sturnus Ludovicianus, 
 L.) And. pi. 136. America 
 generally. 
 
 Gen. 132. Icterus, Br. 
 
 184. Icterus Baltimore, Daud. 
 (Oriolus Baltimore, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 12. America generally. 
 
 Gen. Yphantes, Vieill. (Zanthor- 
 nis, Sw.) 
 
 185. Icterus Bullocki, Sw. Aud. 
 pi. 388, fig. 5. South-western 
 parts. 
 
 186. Icterus Spurius, Nob. (Ori- 
 olus mutatus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 
 62. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 133. Agelaius, Vieill. 
 
 187. Agelaius Xanthocephalus, 
 Nob. (Icterus icterocephalus, 
 Nob. Am. Orn.) Aud. pi- 
 388, fig. 2, 3. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 188. Agelaius Tricolor, Nob. 
 (Icterus tricolor.) Aud. pi. 
 388, fig. 1. Southern parts. 
 
 189. Agelaius PHfENicEus, Vieill. 
 (Oriolus jihceniceus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 67. America generally. 
 
 190. Agelaius Gubernator, Nob. 
 (PsarocoUus guhernator, Wagl.) 
 Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 134. Molothrus, Sw. 
 
 191. Molothrus Pecoris, Sw. 
 ( Triiigilla pecoris, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 99. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 135. Dolichonvx, Sw. 
 
 192. DolichonyxOryzivorus,Sw. 
 (Emberiza Onjzivora, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 54. America generally. 
 
30 
 
 €ur0jprait 
 
 mxO 
 
 ^mnt'rau TBtrlr^. 
 
 FAMILIA XVI.— FRINGILLID^. 
 
 a. FRINGILLINjE. 
 
 Genus 136. Calamospiza, Nob. 
 
 193. Calamospiza Bicolor, Nob. 
 (Fringilla blcolo?; Towns.) 
 Aud. pi. 390, fig. 2, 3. Western 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 137. Guiraca, Sw. 
 (Coccoborus, Sw.) 
 
 194. Guiraca CjErulea, Sw. 
 (Loxia cceridea, L.) And. pi. 
 122. Southern parts. 
 
 195. Guiraca Ludoviciana, Sw. 
 (Loxia ludoviciana, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 127. Northern and central 
 parts. 
 
 196. Guiraca Melanocephala, 
 Sw. (Fringilla xanthomaschalis, 
 Wagl.) Aud. pi. 373, fig. 2, 
 3,4. 
 
 Gen. 138. Coccothraustes, Briss. 
 
 204. Coccothraustes Vulgaris, 
 Briss. (Loxia coccothraustes, 
 L.) Gould, pi. 199. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 Gen. 139. Chlorospiza, Nob. 
 
 205. Chlorospiza Chloris, Nob. 
 (Fritigilla chloris, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 200. Europe generally. 
 
 206. Chlorospiza Incerta, Nob. 
 (Fringilla iwce?"to,Roux.) Gould 
 Suppl. pi. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 140. Petronia, Nob. 
 
 207. Petronia Rupestris, Nob. 
 ( Fringilla petronia, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 186. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 141. Pyrgita, Cuv. 
 (Passer, Br.) 
 
 208. Pyrgita Salicaria, Vieill. 
 (Fringilla hispaniolensis,Temm.) 
 Gould, pi. 185, fig. 1. Southern 
 Europe. 
 
 197. Coccothraustes Vesperti- 
 Nus, Cooper. (Coccothraustes 
 Bonapartii, Less, fem.) Aud. 
 pi. 373, fig. 1. North-western 
 parts. 
 
€urojipan anir ^mcrCran 33trlr^. 31 
 
 209. PYRGiTAlTALiCA,Vieill. (Frin- 
 ffilla cisalpina, Teiiim.) Gould, 
 pi. 185, fig. 2. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 210. Pyrgita Domestica, Cuv. 
 {Fringilla domestica, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 184, fig. 1. Southern and 
 central Europe. 
 
 211. Pyrgita Montana, Cuv. 
 (Frinfjilla montana, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 184, fig. 2. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Genus 142. Fringilla, L. 
 (Struthus, part, Boie.) 
 
 212. Fringilla Ccelebs, L. Gould, 
 pi. 187. Europe generally. 
 
 213. Fringilla Montifringilla, 
 L. Gould, pi. 188. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 Gen.143. Montifringilla, Brehm. 
 
 214. Montifringilla Nivalis, 
 Brehm. (Fringilla nivalis, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 189. Central Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 144. Struthus, Nob. (Boie, part.) 
 
 215. Struthus Hyemalis, Nob. ]98. Struthus Hyem4lis, Nob. 
 ( Fringilla ]ujemaUs,h.) Gould, ( Fringilla hyemalis, h.) Aud. 
 pi. 190. Northern Europe. pi. 13, America generally. 
 
 199. Struthus Oreganus, Nob. 
 (Fringilla oregana, Towns.) 
 Aud. pi. 398. 
 
 Gen. 145. Passerella, S 
 
 w. 
 
 200. Passerella Iliaca, S\v.(Frin- 
 gilla ritfa, Wils.) Aud. pi. 108. 
 America generally. 
 
 201. Passerella Cinerea, Nob. 
 Aud. pi. 390, fig. 1. 
 
 Gen. 146. Zonotrichia, Sw. 
 
 202. Zonotrichia Melodia, Nob. 
 ( Fringilla ferriiginea, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 25. America generally. 
 
 203. Zonotrichia Graminea, Nob. 
 ( Fringilla graminca,Gm ) Aud. 
 pi. 94. America generally. 
 
32 
 
 (!Fur0|jrnit 
 
 alia 
 
 ^mfitraii 33trlf^. 
 
 204. ZoNOTRicHiA Pennsylvanica, 
 S\v. (" Frill ff ilia Pennsylvanica, 
 Lath.) Aud. pi. 8. America 
 generally. 
 
 205. ZoNOTRICHIA AtRICAPILLA, 
 
 Nob. (Emheriza atricajiilla, 
 Gm.) Aud. pi. 394, fig. 3. 
 Western parts. 
 
 2O6.Z0NOTRICHIA Leucophrys, S\v. 
 (Emheriza leucophrys, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 114. Northern and 
 central parts. 
 
 Genus 147. Chondestes, Sw. 
 
 207. Chondestes Grammaca, Nob. 
 (Fringillagrammaca,Say.) Aud. 
 pi. 390, fig. 1. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 148. Eusfiza, Nob. 
 
 216. EusPizA Melanocephala, 
 
 Nob. (Emheriza melanoce- 
 phala, Scopoli.) Gould, pi. 
 172. South-eastern Europe. 
 
 208. EuspiZA Americana, Nob. 
 ( EmherizaAmericana, Sf Fring. 
 jlavicollis, Gm.) Aud. pi. 384. 
 
 209. EuspizA TowNSENDi, Nob. 
 (Fringilla Townsenrli.) Aud. 
 pi. 400, fig. 3. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 149. Coturnicdlus, Nob. 
 
 210. CoTURNicuLus Passerinus, 
 Nob. (Fringilla passerina, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 130. North- 
 ern and central parts. 
 
 211. Coturniculus Henslowi, 
 Nob. {Fringilla Hensloivi,) 
 Aud. pi. 170. 
 
 Gen. 150. Ammodramus, Sw. 
 
 212.Ammodramus Bachmani, Nob. 
 (Fringilla bachmani.) Aud. 
 pi. 165. 
 
 213.Ammodramus Macgillivrayi, 
 Nob. {Fringilla macgillivrayi.) 
 Aud. pi. 355, 
 
 214. Ammodramus Maritimus, Sw. 
 {Fringilla maritima, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 93. North-eastern 
 parts. 
 
 215. Ammodramus Caudacutus, 
 Nob. {OrioJus caiidaaifiis, Gm.) 
 Aud. pi. 149. North-eastern 
 parts. 
 
Curojieait 
 
 mXt 9lmtvitm TBirtfitf. 33 
 
 Genus 151. Passerculus, Nob. 
 
 216. Passerculus Savanna, Nob. 
 (Fringilla Savanna, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 109. 
 
 217. Passerculus Palustris, Nob. 
 C Fringilla pahcs/ris,'Wi]s.) Aud, 
 pi. 64. America generally. 
 
 218. Passerculus Lincolni, Nob. 
 (Fringilla Lincolni.) Aud. pL 
 193. Central parts. 
 
 Gen. 152. Spizella, Nob. 
 
 219. Spizella Canadensis, Nob. 
 (Fringilla Canadensis, Lath.) 
 Aud. pi. 188. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 220. Spizella Pallida, Nob. 
 {Emberiza pallida, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 398. North-western parts. 
 
 221. Spizella Socialis. Nob. 
 (Fringilla socialis, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 104. Central and northern 
 parts. 
 
 222. Spizella Pusilla, Nob. 
 ( Fringilla pusilla, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 139. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 153. Carduelis, Briss. 
 
 217. Carduelis Elegans, Steph. 
 ( Fringilla carduelis, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 196. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 154. Chrysomitris, Boie. (Spinus, Brehm.) 
 
 218. Chrysomitris Spinus, Boie. 
 (Fringilla spinus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 197. Europe generally. 
 
 223. Chrysomitris Tristis, Nob. 
 (Fringilla tristis, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 33. America generally. 
 
 224. Chrysomitris Pinus, Nob. 
 (Fringilla pinus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 180. America generally. 
 
 225. Chrysomitris Psaltria, Nob. 
 (Fringilla psaltria, Say). Aud. 
 pi." 400. Western parts. 
 
 226. Chrysomitris MEXiOANA,Nob. 
 ( Carduelis Mexicana, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 427. Southern parts. 
 
 227. Chrysomitris Magellanica, 
 Nob. (Carduelis Magellanica, 
 Vieill.) Aud. pi. 394, fig. 2. 
 
34 
 
 Curojpcan 
 
 mts 
 
 ^merifaiT IStrO)*. 
 
 Genus 155. Citrinella, Nob. 
 
 219. Citrinella Serinus, Nob. 
 {Fringillacitrmella, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 198. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 156. Serinu.s, Br. 
 
 220. Serinus Meridionalis, 
 Brehm. (Fringilla serinus, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 195. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 157. Linota, Nob. (Cannabina Sf Linaria, Brehm.^ 
 
 CANNABINiE. 
 
 221. Linota Cannabina, Nob. 
 {Fringilla cannabina, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 191. Europe generally. 
 
 222. Linota Montium, Nob. 
 (Fringilla montium, Linn.^ 
 Gould, pi. 192 
 
 Linaria. 
 
 223. Linota Canescens, Nob. 
 Gould, pi. 193. Northern and 
 central Europe. 
 
 224. Linota Borealis, Nob. 
 (Fringilla borealis,Savi.) Gould, 
 Suppl. pi. . Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 225. Linota Linaria, Nob. (Li- 
 naria rufescens ? Vieill.) Gould, 
 pi. 194. 
 
 226. Linota Brevirostris. Gould, 
 pi. . South-eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 158. Erythrospiza, Nob. {Erythrothorax, Brehm.) 
 
 228. Linota Borealis, Nob. 
 (Fringilla borealis, Savi.) Aud. 
 pi. 42. 
 
 229. Linota Linaria, Nob. 
 {Fringilla linaria, L.) Aud. 
 pi. . Northern parts. 
 
 227.ErythrospizaPhcenicoptera, 
 Nob. {Linaria phoenicoptera 
 Gould, Proceed.) South-east- 
 ern Europe. 
 
 228. Erythrospiza Githaginea, 
 Nob. {Fringilla githaginea, 
 Licht.) Gould, pi. 208. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 229. Erythrospiza Rosea, Nob. 
 {Fringilla rosea, Pallas.) Gould, 
 pi. 207. Eastern Europe. 
 
 230. Erythrospiza Tephrocotis, 
 Nob. (Linaria leucosticte et 
 tephrocotis. Svv.) Aud. pi. 
 424. Northern parts. 
 
 231. Erythrospiza Purpurea, 
 Nob. {Fringilla purpurea, Gm.) 
 Aud, pi. 4. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
(Swcapean 
 
 230. Erythrospiza Erythrina, 
 Nob. (Fringilla erythrina, 
 Meyer). Gould, pi. 206. 
 Eastern Europe.' 
 
 anU american %ixtii. 35 
 
 232. Erythrospiza Frontalis, 
 Nob. (Fringilla frontalis, 
 Say). Aud. pi. 424. North- 
 western parts. 
 
 Genus 159. Cardinalis, Nob. 
 
 233. Cardinalis Virginianus, 
 Nob. (Loxia cardinalis, L.) 
 Aud. pi. 159. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 160. Pipilo, Vieill. 
 
 234. PiPiLo Erythrophthalmus, 
 Nob. (Fringilla erythroph- 
 tJialma, L.) Aud. pi. 29. 
 America generally. 
 
 235. PiPiLO Arcticus, Sw. Aud. 
 pL 394, fig. 4, 5. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 161. Spiza, Nob. 
 
 236. Spiza Amcena, Nob. {Frin- 
 gilla amcena, Say). Aud. pi. 
 
 V 398, fig. 3. North-western 
 
 parts. 
 
 237. Spiza Cyanea, Nob. {Ta- 
 nagra cyanea, L.) Aud. pi. 
 74. Southern parts. 
 
 238. Spiza Ciris, Nob. {Emhe- 
 riza ciris, L.) Aud. pi. 53. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 b. TANAGRINjE, 
 Gen. 162. Pyranga, Vieill. 
 
 239. Pyranga Rubra, Vieill. 
 (Tanagra rubra,L.) Aud.pl. 
 354, fig. 3, 4. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 240. Pyranga jEstiva, Vieill, 
 ( Tanagra eestiva S) Mississippien- 
 sis, Gm.) Aud. pi. 44. South- 
 em and central parts. 
 
 241. Pyranga Ludoviciana, Nob. 
 (Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 354, fig. 1, 2. West- 
 ern parts; 
 
 c. EMBERIZINjE. 
 
 Gen. 163. Cynchramus, Nob. {Miliaria, Brehm.) 
 
 231. Cynchramus Miliaria, Nob. 
 {Emberiza miliaria, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 171. Europe generally. 
 
36 europpait autf ^mnican TStrW. 
 
 Genus 104. Emberiza, L. 
 
 232. Emberiza Citrinella, L. 
 Gould, pi. 173. Europe gene- 
 rally, rare in the south. 
 
 233. Emberiza Aureola, Pallas. 
 Gould, pi. 174. North-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 234. Emberiza Granutinara, 
 Menetries. South - eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 235. Emberiza Caspia, Menetries. 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 236. Emberiza Cirlus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 175. Eui-ope generally. 
 
 237. Emberiza Hortulana, L. 
 Gould, pi. 176. Central and 
 southern Europe. 
 
 238. Emberiza Rustica, Pallas. 
 Gould, pi. 177. North-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 239. Emberiza Lesbia, Gm. 
 Gould, pi. 178. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 240. Emberiza Cia, L. Gould, 
 pi. 179. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 241. EmberizaPithyornus, Pallas. 
 Gould, pi. 180. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 242. Emberiza C^sia, Cretszch- 
 niaer. Gould, pi. 181. South- 
 eastern Europe. 
 
 243. Emberiza Palustris, Savi. 
 Gould, pi. 182. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 244. Emberiza Scii.eniculus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 183. Europe gene- 
 rally. Genns Hortulanus, Vieill. 
 ( Cynchramus, Boie.^ 
 
 Gen. 165. Plectrophanes, Meyer. 
 
 245. Plectrophanes Lapponicus, 242. PlectrophanusLapponicos, 
 Selby. (Frhiffillalappotiica,lj.) Selby. (Plectrophanus calca- 
 Gould, pi. 169. Northern Eu- rafus, Meyer. J Aud. pi. 365. 
 rope. Northern parts. 
 
(EuroiJcan anlf American JJtrW. 37 
 
 246. Plectrophanes Nivalis, 243. Plectrophanes Nivalis, 
 Meyer. {Emberiza nivalis, L.) Meyer. ( Emberiza nivalis, L.j 
 Gould, pi. 170. Northern and Aud.pl. 189. Northern parts, 
 central Europe. 
 
 244. Plectrophanes Pictus, Sw. 
 Aud. pi. 400, fig. 5. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 245. Plectrophanes Ornatus, 
 Towns. Aud. pi. 394, fig. 1. 
 North-western parts. 
 
 d. ALAUDIN^. 
 
 Genus 166. Certhilauda, Sw. 
 
 247. Certhilauda Bifasciata, 
 Sw. (j^lauda bifasciata, Ij]cht.) 
 Gould, pi. 168. Accidental in 
 southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 167. Alauda, L. 
 
 248. Alauda Arvensis, L. Gould, 
 pi. 166. Europe generally. 
 
 249. Alauda Cantarella, Nob. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 250. Alauda Pispaletta, Pallas. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 168. Galerida, Boie. 
 
 251. Galerida Cristata, Boie. 
 (Alauda Cristata, L. ^ Gould, 
 pi. 165. Southern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 252. Galerida Arborea, Boie. 
 (Alauda arborea, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 167. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen 169. Phileremos, Brehm. ( Eremophilus, Boie.J 
 
 253. Phileremos Alpestris, Br. 246. Phileremos Cornutus, Nob. 
 {Alauda alpestris, L.J Gould, {Alauda cornnta, Sw.) Aud. 
 pi. 164. Northern Europe. pi. 200. Northern parts. 
 
 254. Phileremos Scriba, Gould, 
 pi. South-eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 170. Melanocorypha, Boie. 
 
 255. Melanocorypha Bimacu- 
 lata, Nob. {Alauda bimacu- 
 lata, Menetr.) South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
38 <2£urnjppan aitlr ^mrrttan JBirlfs. 
 
 256. Melanocorypha Arenaria, 
 Nob. ( Alauda brachydacUjla, 
 Temm.J Gould, pi. 163. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 257. Melanocorypha Calandra, 
 Boie. (Alauda calandra, h.) 
 Gould, pi. 162. Southern Eu- 
 rope. '■ 
 
 258. Melanocorypha Tatarica, 
 Nob. (Alauda tatarica, PaWas). 
 Gould, pi. 161. Eastern Eu- 
 rope- 
 
 e. LOXINjE. 
 Genus 171. Pyrrhula, Briss. 
 
 259. Pyrrhula Vulgaris, Briss. 
 (Loxia pyrrhula, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 209. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 172. Corythus, Cuv. 
 
 260. Corythus Sibiricus, Nob. 
 (Pyrrhula longicauda, Temm. 
 Loxia Sibirica, Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 205. Eastern Europe. 
 
 261; Corythus Enucleator, Cuv. 247. Corythus Enucleator, Cuv. 
 
 (Loxia enucleator, L.) Gould, (Loxia enucleator, L.) Aud. 
 
 pi. 204. Northern Europe. pi. 358. Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 173. Loxia, Briss. 
 
 262. Loxia PYTiopsiTTACus,Bechst. 
 Gould, pi. 201. Northern and 
 central Europe. 
 
 263. LoxiA CuRviRosTRA, L. 248. Loxia Americana, Wils. 
 Gould, pi. 202. Europe gene- Aud. pi. 197. Northern and 
 rally. central parts. 
 
 264. Loxia Leucoptera, Gmel. 249. Loxia Leucoptera, Gm. 
 Gould, pi. 203. Accidental in ( Loxia falcirostra, Lath.) Aud. 
 northern Europe. pi. 364. Northern and central 
 
 parts. 
 
 TRIBUS II.— SCANSORES. 
 
 FAM. XV.— PSITTACID^. 
 
 Gen. 174. Conurus, Kuhl. 
 
 250. Conurus Carolinensis, Kuhl. 
 (Psittacus Carolinensis, L.) 
 Aud. pi. 26. Southern and 
 western parts. 
 
(£urojira« 
 
 anlf 
 
 '^msvUm 33{rtr^. 39 
 
 FAMILIA XVI.— PICIDiE. 
 
 a. PICINjE. 
 
 Gen. 177. Dryocopus, Boie. 
 
 265. Dryocopus Martius, Boie. 
 (Picas martius, L.) Gould, 
 225. Central and northern 
 Europe. 
 
 Genus 175. Dendrocopus, Nob. 
 (Picus, Sw.) 
 
 251. Dendrocopus Principalis, 
 Boie. (Picus principalis, L.) 
 Aud. pi. 6Q. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 176. Dryotomus, Sw. 
 
 252. Dryotomus Pileatus, Sw. 
 (Picus pileatus, L.) Aud. pi. 
 111. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 178. Picus, L. (Dryohates, Boie, — Dendrocopus, Sw.) 
 
 266. Picus Leuconotus, Bechst. 
 Gould, pi. 228. North-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 267. Picus Major, L. Gould, pi. 
 229. Europe generally. 
 
 268. Picus Medius, L. Gould, 
 pi. 230. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 269. Picus Minor, L. Gould, 
 pi. 231. Europe generally. 
 
 253. Picus Leucotis, Illig. (Picus 
 querulus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 389. 
 Southern pai-ts. 
 
 254. Picus 'S^illosus, L. Aud, 
 pi. 421. Northern parts. 
 
 255. Picus Varius, L. Aud. pi. 
 1 90. America generally. 
 
 256. Picus Pubescens, L. Aud. 
 pi. 112, America generally. 
 
 257. Picus Aoduboni, Trudean. 
 Aud. pi. 421. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 258. Picus Martini, Aud. pi. 
 423. 
 
 Gen. 179. Apternus, Sw. (Picoides, Lacep.) 
 
 259. Apternus Hirsutus, Nob. 
 (Picus hirsutus, Vieill.) Aud. 
 pi. 423. Northern parts. 
 
 260. Apternus Arcticus, Sw. 
 (Picus tridactylus. Nob. Am. 
 Orn.) Aud.pl. 132. Northern 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 180. Melanerpes, Sw. 
 
 261. Melanerpes Ruber, Nob. 
 (Picus jlaviventris, Vieill. Picus 
 ruber. Lath.) Aud. pi. 421. 
 Southern parts, 
 
 262. Melanerpes Erythrocepha- 
 Lus, Sw. (Picus erythrocepha- 
 lus, L.) Aud. pi. 27. North- 
 ern and central parts. 
 
 270. Apternus Tridactytus, Sw. 
 (Picus tridactylus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 232. Northern and central 
 Europe. 
 
40 
 
 (iFttrapeati 
 
 Hutr 
 
 ^mertran 33trW. 
 
 Genus 182. Gecinus, Boie. 
 {Chrijsoptylus, S\v.) 
 
 271. Gecinus Viridis, Boie. (Picus 
 viridis, L.) Gould, pi. 226. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 272. Gecinus Canus, Boie. (Picus 
 canus, L.) Gould, pi. 227. 
 Northern Europe. 
 
 263. Melanerpes Torquatus, Sw. 
 (Picus torquatus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 421. 
 
 Genus 181. Centurus, Sw. 
 
 264. Centurus Carolinus, Sw. 
 (Picus Carolinus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 421. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 183. Colaptes, Sw. 
 
 265. Colaptes Auratus, Sw. (Pi- 
 cus auratus, L.) Aud. pi. 37. 
 America generally. 
 
 266. Colaptes Rubricatus, Nob. 
 (C. Mexicanus, Sw. C. collaris. 
 Vig.) Aud. pi. 421. Southern 
 parts. 
 
 b. YUNCIN^. 
 
 Gen. 184. Yunx, L. 
 
 273. Yunx Torquilla, L. Gould, 
 pi. 233. Europe generally. 
 
 FAMILIA XVII.— CUCULID^. 
 
 a. CUCULIN^. 
 
 Gen. 185. Erythrgphrys, Sw. (Piaya, Less.) 
 
 274. Erythrgphrys Americanus, 
 Nob. ( Cuculus Americanus, 
 L.) Gould, pi. 242. Acci- 
 dental in the west of Europe. 
 
 Gen. 186. Cuculus, L.) 
 
 275. Cuculus Canorus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 240. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 187. Oxylgphus, Sw. 
 (Edolius, Less.) 
 
 276. Oxylgphus Glandarius, Nob. 
 ( Cucidus glandarius, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 241. Accidental in southern 
 Europe. 
 
 267. Erythrgphrys Seniculus, 
 Nob. (Cuculus seniculus, L.) 
 Aud. ph 169. 
 
 268. Erythrgphrys Erythrgph- 
 THALMus, Nob. ( Cuculus ery- 
 throphthalmus, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 32. America generally. 
 
 269. Erythrgphrys Americanus, 
 Sw. (Cuculus Americanus, L.) 
 Aud. pi. 2. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
«!Ftir0pean 
 
 antf 
 
 ^niprtraii iJirU^. 41 
 
 SECTIO III.— GYRANTES. 
 
 FAMILIA XVIIL— COLUMBIDiE. 
 
 a. COLUMBINE. 
 
 Genus 188. Columba, L. 
 
 277. Columba Palumbus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 243. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 278. Columba CEnas, L. Gould, 
 pi. 244. Europe generally. 
 
 279. Columba Livia, Br. Gould, 
 pi. 245. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. IDO. TuRTUR, Ray. 
 (Peristera, Boie.) 
 
 280. TuRTUR AuRiTus Ray. {Co- 
 lumba turtur, L.) Gould, pi. 
 246. 
 
 270. Columba Fasciata, Say. 
 Aud. pi. 3G7. North-western 
 parts. 
 
 271. Columba Leucocephala, L. 
 Aud. pi. 177. Southei-n parts. 
 
 Gen. 189. Ectopistes, Sw. 
 
 272. Ectopistes Migratoria, Sw. 
 (Columba m'lyratoria, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 62. North-western parts. 
 
 273. Ectopistes Carolinensis,Sw. 
 {Columba CaroUnensis, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 17. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 191. Zenaida, Nob. 
 
 274. Zenaida Amabilis, Nob. 
 ( Columba zenaida, Nob. J Aud. 
 pi. 162. Southern parts. 
 
 275. Zenaida Montana, Nob. 
 (Columba moat ana, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 167. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 192. Chamepelia, Sw. 
 
 276. Chamepelia Passerina, Sw. 
 {Columba passerina, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 182. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 193. Starncenas, Nob. 
 
 277. Starncenas Cyanocephala, 
 Nob. (Columba cyanocephala, 
 L.) Aud. pi. 172. 
 
42 €nr0pcan antf ^mrrtrnn t'trlfsf. 
 
 SUBCLASSIS II. — GRALLATORES, 
 
 ORDO III.— GALLIN.^. 
 
 FAM. XIX.— PTEROCLID^. 
 
 a. SYERHAPTUSTjE. 
 Genus 194. Syrrhaptes, III. 
 
 281. Syrrhaptes Paradoxus, 111. 
 ( Tetrao paradoxus, Pall.) East- 
 ern Europe. 
 
 b. PTEROCLINjE. 
 
 Gen. 195. Pterocles, Temm. 
 
 282. Pterocles Alchata, Stepli. 
 (Tetrao alchata, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 258. (P. Setarius). South- 
 western Europe. 
 
 283.Pterocles ARENARius,Temm. 
 ( Tetrao arenarius, Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 257. Soutli-western Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 284. Pterocles Caspicus, Menetr. 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 FAMILIA XX.— PHASIANID^. 
 
 Gen. 196. Meleagris, L. 
 
 278. Meleagris Gallopavo, L 
 Aud. pi. 1 male, pi. 6 fem. and 
 young. Western and southern 
 
 Gen. 197. Phasianus, L. parts. 
 
 285. Phasianus Colchicus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 247. Eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 FAMILIA XXI.— TETRAONID^. 
 
 a. PERDICINJE. 
 
 Gen. 198. Lophortyx, Nob. 
 
 279. Lophortyx CALiFORNicA,Nob. 
 (Tetrao californicus, Shaw.) 
 Aud. pi. 418. North-western 
 parts. 
 
GEurDiiean 
 
 anlf Slmrrtcaii 2iJirliS. 43 
 
 280. LoPHORTYx DouGLASi, Nob. 
 (Ortijx Douglasi, Vig.) And. 
 pi. 418. 
 
 Genus 199. Ortyx, Steph. 
 
 281. Oktyx Virginiana, Steph. 
 (Tetrao virc/mianus et mnrilan- 
 dicus, L.) And. pi. 7G. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
 Gen. 200. Fuancolinus, Briss. 
 
 286. Francolinus Vulgaris, Briss. 
 (Teirao francolhms, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 259. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 201. Perdix, Nob. 
 
 287. Perdix Gr^eca, Briss. (Per- 
 dix saxalilis, Mey.) Gould, 
 pi. 261, fig. 2. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 288. Perdix Rubra, Briss. (Te- 
 tran rufus, L.) Gould, pi. 260. 
 Southern and central Europe. 
 
 289. Perdix Petrosa, Lath. (Te- 
 trao petrosus, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 261, fig. 1. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 202. Starna, Nob. 
 
 290. Starna Cinerea, Nob. (Te- 
 trao perdix, L.) Gould, pi. 
 262. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 203. Coturnix, Temm. 
 
 291. Coturnix Dactylisonans, 
 Meyer. (Tetrao coturnix, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 263. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 204. Bonasia, Nob. 
 
 292. Bonasia Sylvestris, Brehm. 
 (Tetrao bonasia, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 251. Nortliern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 282. Bonasia Umbellus, Nob. 
 (Tetrao umbellus, L.) Aud. 
 pi 41. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 205. Tetrao, L. 
 
 293.TetraoUkogallus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 248. Nortliern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 294. Tetrao Medius, Lcisler. 
 (T. Iiijhridas, Sp.) Gould, pi. 
 249. Northern Europe. 
 
 283- Tetrao Obscuiius, Say. (Te- 
 trao Richardsoni, Sabine.) Aud. 
 pi. 361. Norlh-westcrn parts. 
 
44 
 
 (JEtiroppau 
 
 rnxH 
 
 ^mrifraii Tivtsi. 
 
 295. Tetrao Tetrix, L. Gould, 
 pi. 250. Nortliern and central 
 Europe. 
 Genus Lyrurus, Sw. 
 
 284. Tktrao Canadensis, L. (Te- 
 trao Franldini, Dougl.) Aud. 
 pi. 170, Nortlievn parts. 
 
 285. Tetrao Cupido, L. Aud. 
 pi. 180. North-western parts. 
 
 280. Tetrao 1'hasianellus, Gin. 
 Aud. pi. 382. Western parts. 
 (Genus Centrocercus, Sw.) 
 
 287. Tetrao Urophasianus, Nob. 
 Aud. pi. 371. (Centrocercus 
 urophasianus, Sw.) No.ith- 
 western parts. 
 
 Genus 200. Lagopus, Vieill. 
 
 296. Lagopus Scoticus, Gould. 
 ( Tetrao scoticus, Lath.) Gould, 
 pi. 252. Blitish islands only. 
 
 297. Lagopus Albus, Nob. (La- 
 gopus SaUceti, Sw.) Gould, pi. 
 255. Northern Europe. 
 
 298. Lagopus Mutus, Leach. {Te- 
 trao lagopus, L.) Gould, pi. 
 253. Northern and central 
 Europe. 
 
 299. Lagopus Rupestris, Leach. 
 Gould, pi. 254. Northern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 300. Lagopus Brachydactyi.us, 
 Gould. (Tetrao bracfii/dacli/his, 
 Temm.) Gould, pi. 256. 
 North-eastern Europe. 
 
 288. Lagopus Albus. (Tetrao 
 albus, L.) Aud. pi. 191. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 289. Lagopus Mutus. (Tetrao 
 mutus, L.) Aud. pi. 418. 
 Northern parts. 
 
 290. Lagopus Rupestris, Sw. 
 (Tetrao rupestris, Sab.) Aud. 
 pi. 368. Northern parts. 
 
 291. Lagopus Leucurus, Sw. 
 Aud. pi. 418. 
 parts. 
 
 North-western 
 
 FAMILIA XXII.— CRYPTURTD^. 
 
 a. ORTYGIN^. 
 Gen. 207. Ortygis, 111. ( Hemipodius, Tcniin.) 
 
 301. Ortygis Gibraltarica, III. 
 (Tetrao Gibraltaricus, Gm.) 
 Gould, pi. 264. South-western 
 Europe. 
 
 ORDO IV.— GRALL^. 
 FAMILIA XXIIL— CHARADRID^. 
 
 Genus 208. Otis, L. 
 
 302. Otis Tarda, L. Gould, pi. 
 267. Europe generally. 
 
 303. Otis Tetrax, L. Gould, pi. 
 269. Europe generally. 
 
^xvapem 
 
 aitU 
 
 americau UtrO^. 45 
 
 304. Otis Houbara, L. Gould, 
 pi. 268. Accidental in south- 
 west of Europe. 
 
 Genus 209. CEdicnemus, L. 
 
 305. O^DicNEMus Crepitans, Tern. 
 (Ckaradrius oedknemus, Linn.) 
 Gould, pi. 288. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 210. Cursorius, Lacep. 
 
 306. Cursorius Europ^us, Lath. 
 (C isabcUbius, Meyer.) Gould, 
 pi. 266. Southern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 211. Glareola, Briss. 
 
 307. GlareolaPratincola, Nob. 
 {Hirnndopratincola, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 265. South-eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 212. jEgialites, 
 
 308. ^gialites Hiaticula, Bole. 
 (Ckaradrius Hiatkida, Linn.) 
 Gould, pi. 296. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 309. ^GIALITES InTERMEDIUS, 
 
 Menetr. South-eastern Europe. 
 
 310. jEgialites Minor, Nob. 
 (Ckaradrius minor, Meyer.) 
 Gould, pi. 297. Central and 
 southern Europe. 
 
 311. iEciALiTEs Cantianus, Nob. 
 (Ckaradrius cantianus, Lath.) 
 Gould, pi. 298. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 312. jEgialites Pyrrhothorax, 
 Nob. {Ckaradrius Pyrrho- 
 thorax, Tern.) Gould, pi. 299. 
 
 Gen. 213. Eudromias, Boie. 
 
 313. Eudromias Morinella. Boie. 
 (Ckaradrius Morinelhts, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 295. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 214. 
 
 314. Ckaradrius Pluvialis, L. 
 Govdd, pi. 294. Europe gene- 
 ral! v. 
 
 Boie. (Ckaradrius, L.) 
 
 292. iEciAiiTEs Semipalmatus, 
 Nob. ( Ckaradrius Semipalma- 
 tus, Bon.) Aud. pi. 330. 
 America generally. 
 
 293. jEgialites Montanus, Nob. 
 (Ckaradrius montanus, Towns.^ 
 Aud. pi. 350. 
 
 Melodus, Nob. 
 
 melodus, Ord.J 
 
 America gene- 
 
 294. ^gialites 
 (Ckaradrius 
 Aud. pi. 220. 
 rally. 
 
 295. /Egialites Wilsonius, Nob. 
 (Ckaradrius Wilsonius, Ord.^ 
 Aud. pi. 219. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
 296 .(Egialites Vociferus, Nob. 
 (Ckaradrius vociferus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 225. America generally, 
 but rare in the northern parts. 
 
 Ckaradrius, L. 
 
 297. Ciiaradrius Virginiacus, 
 Borkh. ( Ckaradrius Pluvialis, 
 Wils.; Aud. pi. 300. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
46 
 
 QEurDpran 
 
 ana 
 
 ^mniraii 33tilf3. 
 
 Genus 215. Squatarola, Cuv. 
 
 315. Squatarola Helvetica, Cuv. 
 (Tringa Helvetica, L.j Gould, 
 pi. 290. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 216. Vanellus, Briss. 
 
 316. Vanellus Gregarius, Pall. 
 {Vanellus Keptuschha, Tern.) 
 Gould, pi. 292. South-eastern 
 Eui-ope. 
 
 317. Vanellus Cristatus, Meyer. 
 (Charadrius Vanellus, Linn.^ 
 Gould, pi. 291, Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 217. Hoplopterus, Nob. 
 
 318. Hoplopterus Spinosus, Nob. 
 {Charadrius spinosus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 293. 
 
 Gen. 218. 
 
 319. Strepsilas Interpres, 111. 
 {Tringa inlerpres, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 318. Europe generally. 
 
 298. Squatarola Helvetica, Cuv. 
 f Charadrius apricarius, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 384, America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Strepsilas, 111. 
 
 299. Strepsilas Interpres, 111. 
 {Tringa interpres, Wils. Strep- 
 silas melanocephala, Vig.) Aud. 
 pi 304. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 219. H^ematopus, L. 
 
 320. H^MATOPUs Ostralegus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 300, Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 300. H^MATOPUsPALLIATUS,TeiTl. 
 
 {Hccmatopus ostralegus, Wils. 
 H. Brasiliensis, Licht.) Aud. 
 pi. 223. Southern parts. 
 
 FAMILIA XXIV.— PSOPHID^. 
 
 Gen. 220. 
 
 321. Grus Cinerea, Bechst. {Jr- 
 dea Grus, L.) Gould, pi. 270. 
 Eurojie generally. 
 
 322. Grus Leucogeranos, Pall. 
 Gould, pi. 271. Eastern Eu- 
 rope, 
 
 Gen. 221. Ciconia, Briss. 
 
 323. Ciconia Alba, Belon. {Ar- 
 dea ciconia, L.) Gould, pi. 
 
 283. Central Europe. 
 
 324. Ciconia Nigra, Belon. (Ar- 
 dea Nigra, L.) Gould, pi. 
 
 284. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 Grus, Briss. 
 
 301. Grus Americana, Tem. 
 (Ardea Americana, Gm. Grus 
 Canadensis, Tem. juv.^ Aud. 
 pi. 226 adult, 261 young. 
 
€ur0jprau 
 
 anti 
 
 ^mfiican Mivts^, 
 
 47 
 
 325. CicoNiA Maguari, Tem. 
 {Ardea Maguari, Vieill.) Gould, 
 pi. 285. Accidental in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 a. ARBEAKuE. 
 
 Genus 222. Ardea, L. 
 
 326. Ardea Cinerea, L. Gould, 
 pi. 273. Europe generally. 
 
 327. Ardea Purpurea, L. Gould, 
 pi. 274. Central and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 302. Ardea Occidentalis, And. 
 pi. 281. Southern jiarts. 
 
 303. Ardea Herodias, L. Aud. 
 pi. 211. America generally, 
 rare in the north. 
 
 Gen. 223. Egretta, Nob. 
 
 328. Egretta Alba, Nob. (Ardea 
 alba, L.J Gould, pi. 276. 
 South-eastern Europe. 
 
 329. Egretta Nigrirostris, Nob. 
 East of Europe. 
 
 330. Egretta Orientalis, Nob. 
 (Ardea xanthodactyla, Gm.J 
 
 331. Egretta, Garzetta, Nob. 
 (Ardea Garzetta, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 277. South and eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 304. Egretta Leuce, Nob. (Ar- 
 dea Leuce, 111. Ardea Eqretta, 
 Wils.J Aud. pi. 386. South- 
 ern and central parts. 
 
 305. Egretta Candidissima, Nob. 
 (Ardea candidissima, Wils.^ 
 Aud. pi. 242. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
 306. Egretta Rufescens, Nob" 
 (Ardea rufescens, Gm. adult' 
 Ardea Peali, Nob. juv.) Aud. 
 pi. 256. Southern parts. 
 
 307. Egretta Ludoviciana, Nob. 
 (Ardea Ludoviciana, Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 217. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
 308. Egretta C^rulea, Nob. 
 (Ardea ccerulea, L. Sf cceru- 
 lescens, Lath. Aud. pi. 307. 
 Southern and central parts. 
 
 Gen. 224. Buphus, Boie. 
 
 332. Buphus Russatus, Nob. 
 {Ardea russata, Wagl.) Gould, 
 pi. 278. South and eastern 
 parts of Europe. 
 
48 €urojpfRn anlr Smcricau MivHS. 
 
 333. Bupuus Verhani. (Ardea 
 Verrani, Roiix.) Southern 
 Europe. 
 
 334. BuPHUs Ralloides, Nob. 
 (Ardea ralloides, Scop.) Gould, 
 pi. 275. South and central 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 Genus 225. Herodias, Boie. 
 
 309. Herodias Virescens, Nob. 
 (Ardea virescens, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 333. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 226. Ardeola, Nob. 
 
 335. ArdeolaMinuta, Nob. {Ar- 310. Ardeola Exilis, Nob. (Ar- 
 dea minida, L.) Gould, pi. dea exilis, Gm.) Aud. pi. 210. 
 282. Europe generally. South pnd central parts. 
 
 Gen. 227. Botaurus, Steph. 
 
 336. Botaurus Stellaris, Steph. 
 (Ardea stellaris, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 280. Europe generally. 
 
 337. Botaurus Lentiginosus, Ste. 311. Botaurus Minor, Nob. {Ar- 
 ( Ardea Jentiginosa, Montag.) dea minor, Wils.) Aud. pi. 
 Gould, pi. 281. Accidental in 337. America generally. 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 228. Nycticorax, Steph. 
 
 338. Nycticorax Gardeni, Jard. 312.NYCTicoRAxAMERiCANUsNob. 
 (Ardea nycticorax,!^.) Gould, (Ardea nycticorax,Wi\s.) Aud. 
 pi. 279. Europe generally. pi. 236. America generally ; 
 
 but rarely in the north. 
 
 b. PLATALEINM. 
 Gen. 229. Platalea, L. 
 
 339. Platalea Leucorodia, L. 313. Platalea Ajaja, L. Aud. 
 Gould, pi. 286. Europe gene- pi. 321. Southern parts, 
 rally. 
 
 FAMILIA XXV.— TANTALID^. 
 
 Gen. 230. Tantalus, L. 
 
 314. Tantalus Loculator, L. 
 Aud. pi. 216. Southern parts. 
 
 315. Tantalus Fuscus, Aud. pi. 
 
 Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 231. Ibis, Cuv. 
 
 316. Ibis Rubra, Vieill. {Tantalus 
 ruber, L.) Aud. pi. 397. Acci- 
 dental in the southern parts. 
 
^mapraii 
 
 antt 
 
 American JBtrH^. -19 
 
 340. Ibis FALciNELLus,Vieill. (Sco- 
 lopax falcinellus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 311. South and central 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 317. Ibis Alba, Cuv. (Tantalus 
 albiis, Gm.; Aud. pi. 222. 
 Southern parts. 
 
 318. Ibis Ordi, Nob. (Ibis Fal- 
 ci)iellits, No!i. Tantalus Mexica- 
 nits,0\A. T.Chalcopterus ? Tern.) 
 Aud. pi. 387. South. Acci- 
 dental in the central parts. 
 
 FAMILIA XXVI.— SCOLOPIDJ]:. 
 
 Genus 232. Numenius, Lath. 
 
 341. Numenius Arquata, Lath. 
 (Scolopax arquata, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 302. Europe generally. 
 
 342. Numenius Ph^opus, Lath. 
 {Scolopax PhcBopus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 303. Europe generally. 
 
 343. Numenius Tenuirostris, 
 Vieill. South of Europe. 
 
 Gen. 235. Eorinorhynchus, Nilss. 
 
 344. EURINORHYNCIIUS PvGMiEUS, 
 
 Nilss. ( Platalea pygnKBa, L.) 
 Gould, pi. . Accidental in 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 236. Tringa, 
 
 345. Tringa Maritima, Brunn. 
 Gould, pi. 344. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 346. Tringa Canutus, L. {Tringa 
 islandicus, Linn.^ Gould, pi. 
 324. 
 
 319. Numenius Longirostris, 
 Wils. And. pi. 23 L South • 
 and central parts. 
 
 320. Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. 
 Aud. pi. 237. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 321. Numenius Borealis, Lath. 
 {N. brevirostris. Tern.) Aud. 
 pi. 208. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 233. Hemipalama, Nob. 
 
 322. Hemipalama Himantopus, 
 Nob. (Tringa Douylasii, S\v. 
 relate.) And. j)l. 344. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
 Gen. 234. Heteropoda, Nutt. 
 
 323. Heteropoda Mauri, Nob. 
 South and central parts. 
 
 324. Heteropoda Semipalmata, 
 Nutt. (Tringa seinipalmata, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 405. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
 Nob. (Calidris, Cuv.) 
 
 325. Tringa Maritima, Brunn. 
 Aud. pi. 284. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 326. Tringa Canutus, L. 
 pi. 315. 
 
 Aud. 
 
50 
 
 (Europran 
 
 ants 
 
 ^mritraii Jjttlrs. 
 
 347. Tringa Rufescens, Vieill. 
 Gould, pi. 326. Accidental in 
 Europe. 
 
 327. Tringa Rufescens, VieilL 
 Aud. pi. 265. 
 
 Genus 237. Pelidna, Cuv. 
 
 348. Pelidna Subarquata, Cuv. 
 ( Scolopax siih(ir(juata, Gm.j 
 Gould, pi. 328. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 349. Pelidxa Cinclos, Cuv. 
 (Trhiffa Clnclus el alpina, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 329. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 350. Pelidna Schinzi, Nob. 
 (Tringa Sclanzi, Brehm.) 
 Gould, pi. 330. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 351. Pelidna Pectoralis, Nob. 
 (Tringa 'Pectoralis, Bonap.J 
 Gould, pi. 327. Accidental in 
 Europe. 
 
 352. Pelidna Platyrhyncha, Cuv. 
 (Tritiga 'platyrhyncha, Tern.) 
 Gould, pi. 331. Eastern and 
 central parts of Europe. 
 
 353. Pelidna Minuta, Cuv. 
 ( Tringa mimita, Leisl.) Gould, 
 j)l. 332. Europe generally. 
 
 354. Pelidna Temmincki, Cuv. 
 (Tringa Temminckii, Leisl.) 
 Gould, pi. 333. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 328. Pelidna Subarquata, Cuv. 
 Aud. pi. 263. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 329. Pelidna Cinclu.s, Cuv. 
 Aud. pi. 290. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 330. Pelidna Schinzi, Nob. Aud. 
 pi. 278. America generally. 
 
 •^31. Pelidna Pectoralis, Say. 
 {Tringa Pectoralis, Bon.) Aud. 
 pi. 294. America generally. 
 
 332. Pelidna Pusilla, Nob. 
 {Tringa Pusilla, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 
 
 Gen. 238. Calidris, 111. 
 
 355. Calidris Arenaria, 111. 
 {Tringa arenaria, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 335. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 239. Falcinellus, Cuv. 
 
 356. Falcinellus Cuvieri, Nob. 
 {Scolopax pygmeeus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. . Accidental in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Gen. 240. Machetes, Cuv. 
 
 357. Machetes Pugnax, Cuv. 
 (Tringa piignax, 1j.) Gould, 
 pi. 328. Europe generally. 
 
 333. Calidris Arenaria, 111. 
 {Cliaradrius riihidns et Calidris, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 230. America 
 generally. 
 
€\iropran 
 
 miis 
 
 Sfinfrtmii 3!Jtril^. 51 
 
 Genus 241. Actitis, Boie, nee 111. 
 
 358. Actitis Hypoleucos, Boie. 
 (Tringa Ili/poleucus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 318. Europe generally. 
 
 359. Actitis Macularius, Nob. 
 (lYinga maciilaria, h.J Gould, 
 pi. 317. Accidental in Europe. 
 
 334. Actitis Macularius, Nob. 
 ( Tringa niacnlaria, Wils. ) Aud. 
 pi. 310. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 242. Actiturus, Nob. 
 
 360. Actiturus Bartramius, Nob. 335. Actiturus Bartramius, Nob. 
 (Tringa longicauda, Beclist.^ (Tringa Bartramia, Wils.^ 
 Gould, pi. 3i3. Accidental in And. pi. 303. America gene- 
 Europe, rally. 
 
 Gen. 243. Totanus, Bechst. 
 
 33(3. Totanus Flavipes, Vieill.- 
 {Scolopax flaripes, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 288. America generally. 
 
 337. Totanus Chloropygius, 
 Vieill. (Tringa soUtaria, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 289. America 
 generally. 
 
 361. TotanusStagnatilis, Becbst. 
 {Scolopax fotamis, L. nee Auct.) 
 Gould, pi. 314. Eastern and 
 southern Europe. 
 
 362. Totanus Ochropus, Temm. 
 (Tringa ochropus, L.J Gould, 
 pi. 315, fig. 1. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 363. Totanus Glareola, Tem. 
 {Tringa Glareola, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 315, fig. 2. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 364. Totanus Calidris, BechsL 
 (Scolopax Calidris, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 310. Europe generally. 
 
 365. Totanus Fuscus, Bechst 
 (Tringa fiisca, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 309. Europe generall}'. 
 
 838. Totanus Melanoleucus, 
 Vieill. (Scolopax vocifera, 
 
 - Wils.)" Aud. pi. 308. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
 Gen. 244. Catoptrophorus, Nob. 
 
 366. Catoptrophorus Semipal- 339. Catoptrophorus Semipal- 
 matus, Nob. (Scolopax semi- matus, Nob. (Scolopax semi- 
 palmafa, L.) Gould, pi. 311. palmata, L.) Aud. pi. 274. 
 Accidental in Europe. , America generally. 
 
 Gen. 245. 
 
 367. Glottis Chloropus, Nils. 
 ( Tolanus Glottis, Bechst,) 
 Gould, pi. 312. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Glottis, Nils. 
 
 340. Glottis Floridanus, Nob. 
 {Totanus Glottis, Bechst.) Aud, 
 pi. 209. Southern parts. 
 
(Europcait 
 
 axits 
 
 Qmrr trait "BirUiS. 
 
 Genus 246. Terekia, Nob. 
 
 368. TiiKEKiA Javanica, Nob. 
 {Tr'inga Javanica, Horsf.) 
 Gould, pi. 307. 
 
 Gen. 247. 
 
 369. LiMosA RuFA, Bliss. {Sco- 
 lopux lapponica, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 306. Europe generally. 
 
 370. LiMosA iEoocEPHALA, Nob. 
 (Liinosa inelanura, Leisl.) 
 Gould, pi. 305. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 LiMosA, Briss. 
 
 341. LiMosA Fedoa, Vieill. {Sco- 
 lopax Fcdoa. L.) Aud. pi. 238. 
 America generally. 
 
 342. LiMOSA HUDSONICA, Sw. 
 
 (Scolopax Hudsonica, { Lath.) 
 Aud. pi. 258. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 b. SCOLOPACIN^. 
 
 Gen. 248. Macroramphus, Leach. 
 
 371. Macroramphus Griseus, 
 Leach. (Scolopax grisea ^ no- 
 veboracensis, Gm.) Gould, pi. 
 323. Accidental in Europe. 
 
 343. Macroramphus Griseus, 
 Leach. Aud. pi. 335. Ame- 
 
 rica generally. 
 
 Gen. 249. Gallinago, Steph. 
 
 372. Gallinago Gallinula, Nob. 
 ( Scolopax gallinula, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 322. Europe generally. 
 The genus PliiloUmnos, Boie. 
 
 373. Gallinago Scolopacinus, 
 Nob. (Scolopax rjaUinafio, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 321, fig. 2. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 The genus Telmat'ms, Boie. 
 
 374. Gallinago Brehmi, Nob. 
 (Scolopax Brehmi, Kaup.) 
 Gould, pi. Central and 
 southern Europe. 
 
 375. Gallinago Sabini, Nob. 
 f Scolopax Sabini, Vigors.) 
 Gould, pi. 321, fig. 1. British 
 Islands. 
 
 376. Gallinago Montagui, Nob. 
 (Scolopax major, Montague.) 
 Gould, pi. North and central 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 377. Gallinago Major, Nob* 
 (Scolopax major.) Gould, pi* 
 320. Europe generally. 
 
 344. Gallinago Wilsoni, Nob. 
 (Scolopax gallinago. Wils.) 
 Aud. pi. 243. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 345. Gallinago Drummondii, Nob. 
 (Scolopax Drummondii, Sw.) 
 Aud. pi. North-western parts. 
 
 Gen. 250. Rusticola, (Vieill.) 
 Nob. ( Microptcra, Nutt.) 
 
 346. Rusticola Minor, Vieill. 
 (Scolopax minor, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 248. America generally. 
 
<£uroj)paiT 
 
 mis 
 
 ^mrit'cau Virtsi. 
 
 53 
 
 Genus 251. Scolopax, (L.) Nob. 
 
 378, Scolopax Rusticola, L. 
 Gould, pi. 319. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 379. Rallus Aquaticus, Linn. 
 Gould, pi. 339 Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 FAMILIA XXVII. -RALLID^. 
 
 Gen. 252. Aramus, Vieill. 
 
 347. Aramus Scolopaceus, Vieill. 
 (Rallus gigas, Nob.) Aud. pi. 
 377. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 253. Rallus, L. 
 
 348. Rallus Elegans, Aud. pi. 
 203. Southern and central 
 parts. 
 
 349. Rallus Crepitans, Gm. 
 Aud. pi. 204. Southern and 
 central parts. 
 
 350. Rallus Virginianus, L. 
 Aud. pi. 205. Northern and 
 central parts. 
 
 Gen. 254. Crex, Bechst. 
 
 380. Crex Pratensis, Bechst. 
 (Rallus crex, L.) Gould, pi. 
 341. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 255. Ortygometra, Leach. 
 
 381.0RTYGOMETRAPoRZANA,Steph. 
 
 (Rallus i^orzana, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 343. Europe generally. 
 
 382. Ortygometra Bailloni, 
 
 Stepli. (Rallus Bailloni, Vieill.) 
 Gould, pi. 344. South and 
 eastern parts of Europe. 
 
 383. Ortygometra Pusilla, Nob. 
 (Rallus piisillus, Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 345. Europe generally. 
 
 351. Ortygometra CAROLiNA,Nob. 
 (Rallus CaroUnus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 233. Central parts. 
 
 252. Ortygometra Novebora- 
 CENSis, Steph. ( Rallus novebo- 
 racensis, Nob.) Aud. pi. 329. 
 America generally. 
 
 353. Ortygometra Jamaicensis, 
 ?)teT^\\.( RallusJamaicensis, Gm) 
 Aud. pi. 349. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 256. Gallinula, Briss. (Stagnicola, Bi-.) 
 
 354. Gallinula Galeata, Licht. 
 (G. chloropus, Bon.) Aud. pi. 
 244. Southern parts. 
 
 355. Gallinula Martinica, Gm. 
 Aud. pi. 305. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 2'57. Fulica, L. 
 
 384. Gallinula Chloropus, Lath. 
 (Fulica c/iloropus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 342. Europe generally. 
 
 385. Fulica Atra, L. Gould, pi. 
 338. Europe generally. 
 
 356. Fulica Americana, Gm. 
 Aud. pi. 239. Norfliern and 
 central parts. 
 
54 European anU ^mriicait aBtrlrsf. 
 
 Genus 258. Porphyrio, Ray. 
 
 386.PoRPHYRio Antiquorum, Nob. 
 (Porphyrio hyacinthinus, Ten.) 
 Gould, pi. 340. Southern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 FAAIILIA XXVIII.— PHALAROPODID^. 
 
 Gen. 259. Phalaropus, Briss. ( Crymophilus, Vieill.) 
 
 387. Phalaropus FuLicARius, Nob. 357. Phalaropus FuLicARius,Nob. 
 {Phalaropus platyrhynclios,Tem.) Aud. pi. 255. Northern parts. 
 Gould, pi. 337. Northern and 
 
 central parts of Europe. 
 
 Gen. 2G0. Lobipes, Cuv. 
 
 388. Lobipes Hyperboreus, Cuv. 358. Lobipes Hyperboreus, Cuv. 
 (Phalaropus hyperboreus, Lath.) {Phalaropus hyperboreus, Lath.) 
 Gould, pi. 336. Europe gene- Aud. pi. 254. America gene- 
 rally, rally. 
 
 Gen. 26L Holopodius, Nob. 
 
 359. Holopodius Wilsont, Nob. 
 (Phalaropus Wikonii, Sabine.) 
 Aud. pi. 254. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 FAMILIA XXIX.— RECURVIROSTRID^. 
 Gen. 262. Himantopus, Briss. 
 
 389. Himantopus Melanopterus, 360. Himantopus Nigricollis, 
 Meyer. ( Charadrius himanto- Vieill. ( Becurvirostra himan- 
 pus, L.) Gould, pi. 289, Eu- topus, Wils.) Aud. pi. 328. 
 rope generally. Northern and central parts. 
 
 361. Himantopus Mexicanus, 
 Briss. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 263. Recurvirostra, L. 
 
 390. Recurvirostra Avocetta, L. 362. Recurvirosta Americana, L. 
 Gould, pi. 368. Europe gene- {Recurvirostra occidentalis? Vi- 
 rally. gors.) Aud. pi. 318. America 
 
 generally. 
 
 FAMILIA XXX.— PHCENICOPTERID.E. 
 
 Gen. 264. Phcenicopterus, L. 
 
 391. PncENicoPTERus Antiquorum, 363. Ph(Enicopterus Ruber, Br. 
 
 Tern. {Phcenicopterus ruber,h.) (Phcenicopterus ruber, L. part.) 
 
 Gould, pi. 287. Southern Aud. pi. 416. Southern, and 
 
 Europe. rare in central parts. 
 
(iFuroppan 
 
 anU 
 
 amertrau JJirlf^. 55 
 
 ORDO v.— ANSERES. 
 
 F AM ILIA XXXI.— ANA TIDtE. 
 
 a. CYGNINjE. 
 
 Genus 265. Cygnus, Mey. 
 
 392. Cygnus Olor, 111. (Anas 
 olor, Gni.) Gould, pi. 354. 
 North-eastern Europe. 
 
 393. Cygnus Immutabilis, Yarr. 
 North of Europe and Great 
 Britain. 
 
 394. Cygnus Musicus, Bechst. 
 (Anas cygnus, L.) Gould, pi. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 395. Cygnus Bewickii, Yarr. 
 Gould, pi. 356. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 364. Cygnus Americanus, Sharp- 
 less. (Cygnus musicus, Nob. 
 Syn ) Aud. pi. 406. North- 
 ern parts. 
 
 365. Cygnus Buccinator, Rich. 
 Aud. pi. 376. Northern parts. 
 
 b. ANSERINE. 
 Gen. 266. Chen, Boie. 
 
 396. Chen Hyperborels, Boie. 
 (Anas hyperhorea, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 346. Northern parts of 
 Europe. 
 
 366. Chen Hyperboreus, Boie. 
 Aud. pi. 381. Northern and 
 central parts. 
 
 397. 
 
 Gen. 267. Anser, Briss. 
 Anser Albifrons, Bechst. 367. Anser Albifrons, Bechst. 
 
 Aud. pi. 286. Northern parts. 
 
 (Anas albifrons, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 349. North and central 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 398. Anser Cinereus, Meyer. 
 (Anas anser, L.) Gould, pi. 
 347. Europe generally. 
 
 399. Anser Segetum. Meyer. 368. Anser Canadensis, Vieill. 
 (Anas segetum, Gm.) Gould, (Anas Canadensis, Gm.) Aud. 
 pi. 348. Europe generally. pi. 201. Northern and central 
 
 parts. 
 
 369. Anser Hutchinsi, Richard. 
 Aud. pi. 277. Northern parts. 
 
 Gen. 268. Bernicla, Briss. 
 
 400. Bernicla Leucopsis, Stcph. 370. Bernicla Leucopsis, Stei)h. 
 (Anaserylhropus, Gm.) Gould, Aud. pi. 296. Northern parts, 
 pi. 250. North and central 
 
 parts of Europe. 
 
56 €ur0j|jcnn anlr '^mritraii UirUif. 
 
 401. Bernicla Brenta, Steph. 371. Beknicla Brenta, Steph. 
 ( Anas hernicia, Gm.) Gould, And. pi. .391. Northern and 
 pi. 352. North and central central parts. 
 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 402. Bernicla Ruiicollis, Stej)h. 
 ( Anas ruficoUis, Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 351. F.astern Europe. 
 
 Genus 269. Chenalopex, Antiq. 
 
 403. Chenalopex jEgyptiaca, 
 Steph. ( Anas Aigyptiaca, Gm.) 
 Gould, pi. 353. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 c. ANATIN^. 
 Gen. 270. Tadorna, Leach. 
 
 404. Tadorna VuLPANSER, Leach. 
 (Anas Tadorna, L.) Gould, pi. 
 357. Europe generall3\ 
 
 Gen. 271. Casarca, Noh. 
 
 405. Casarca RuTiLA, Nob. {Anas 
 rutUa, Pall.) Gould, pi. 358. 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 272. Anas, L. (Doschas, Sw.) 
 
 406. Anas Boschas, L. Gould, 372. Anas Boschas, L. Aud. pi. 
 pi. 361. Europe generally. 221. America generally. 
 
 373. Anas Obscura, Gm. Aud. 
 pi. 3(i2. America generally. 
 
 374. Anas Auduboni, Bon. (Anas 
 bimaculata.) Aud. pi. 338. 
 
 Gen. 273. Mareca. Steph. 
 
 407. Mareca Penelope, Nob. 375. Mareca Americana, Steph. 
 (Anas Penelope, L) Gould, (AnasAmericana,Vi\h.) Aud. 
 pi. 359. Europe generally. pi. 345. Northern and central 
 
 parts. 
 
 Gen. 274. Chaulelasmus, G. R. Gray. ( Chauliodes, Sw.) 
 
 408. Chaulelasmus Streperus, 376. Chaulelasmus Streperus, 
 G. R. Gray. (Anas strepera, G. R. Gray. Aud. pi. 346. 
 L.) Gould, pi. 366. Europe Northern parts. 
 
 generally. 
 
 Gen. 275. Dafila, Leach. 
 
 409. Dafila Acuta, Nob. (Anas 
 acuta, L.) Gould, pi. 365. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 410. Dafila Marmorata, Eyton. 
 {Anasmarmorata, Tem.) Gould, 
 pi. 373. Southern Europe. 
 
Curojpwn ants ^mcn'rau "Btrfti. ^7 
 
 Genus 276. Rhynchaspis, Leach. ( Clypeata, Br.) 
 
 411. Rhynchaspis Clypeata, S77. Rhynchaspis Clypeata, 
 Leach. (Anas clypeata, L.) Leacli. {Anas clypeata, Wils.) 
 Gould, pi. 360. Europe gene- And. pi. 327. America gene- 
 rally, rally. 
 
 Gen. 277. Cyanopterus, Eyton. 
 
 412. Cyanopterus Circia, Eyton. 378. Cyanopterus Discors, Eyton. 
 (Anas qiierquedula, L.) Gould, (Anas discors, L.) Aud. pi. 
 pi. 364. Europe generally. 313. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 278. Querquedula, Steph. 
 
 413. Querquedula Crecca, Steph. 379. Querquedula Carolinensis, 
 CAnas crecca, L.) Gould, pi. Nob. (Anas crecca, Wils.) 
 362. Europe generallj'. Aud. pi. 228. America gene- 
 
 414.QueRQUEDULA GLOCITANS,Vig. ^' 
 
 (Anas bimacidata. Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 363. East of Europe. 
 
 415. Querquedula Angustiros- 
 TRis, Menetr. Gould, pi. 
 South-east of Europe. 
 
 Gen. 279. Aix, Boie. 
 ( Dendronessa, Sw.) 
 
 380. Aix Sponsa, Boie. (Anas 
 sponsa, L.) Aud. pi. 206. 
 America generally. 
 
 d. FULIGULINuE. 
 
 Gen. 280. Somateria, Leach. 
 
 416.SomateriaMolhssima, Leach 881. SomateriaMollissima, Leach. 
 
 (Anas molUssima, L.) Gould, Aud. pi. 240. Northern coast. 
 
 pi. 374. Northern Europe. 
 
 417.SoMATERiASpECTABiLis,Leach. 382.SomateriaSpectabilis, Leach. 
 
 (Anas spectabilis, L.) Gould, Aud. pi, 276. Accidental on 
 
 pi. 375. Northern Europe. the northern coast. 
 
 Gen. 281. Stellaria, Nob. (Polysticta, Eyton — Macropus, Nutt.) 
 
 418. Stellaria Dispar, Nob. 383. Stellaria Dispar, Nob. 
 Anas stellaris, Pall.^ Gould, Aud. pi. 417. Northern coast. 
 pi. 372. North-eastern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 282. Oidemia, Flem. ( Melanitta, Br.) 
 
 419. OiDEMiAPERSPiciLLATA,Flem. 384.0iDEMiA Perspicillata, Flem. 
 (Anas perspicillata,L.) Gould, Aud. pi. 317. Northern coast, 
 pi. 376. Accidental in Europe. 
 
 420. Oidemia Fusca, Flem. (Anas 385. Oidemia Fusca, Flem. (Anas 
 fusca, L.) Gould, pi. 377. fusca, Wils.) Aud. pi. 247. 
 Northern and central parts of Northern and central coasts. 
 Europe. 
 
58 (European Hixts American 38trW. 
 
 421. OiDEMiA Nigra, Flem. f^72a« 386. Oidemia Americana, Sw. 
 Nigra, L.) Gould, pi. 378. (Anas Nigra, W\\s.) Aud.pl. 
 Northern and central parts of 408. Northern and central 
 Europe. coasts. 
 
 Gen. 283. Callichen, Br. ( Mergoides, Eyton.J 
 
 422. Callichen Rufinus, Brehm. 
 {Anas riijina, Pall.^ Gould, 
 pi, 369. Eastern and southern 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen, 284. Nyroca, Flem. 
 
 423. Nyroca Leucophthalma, F1. 
 {Anas Nyroca, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 368. Europe generally. 
 
 Gen. 285. Aythya, Boie. 
 
 424. Aythya Ferina, Boie. {Anas 387. Aythya Erythrocephala, 
 ferina, L.) Gould, pi. 367. Nob. {Anas ferina, Wils.) 
 Europe generally. Aud. pi. 322. Northern and 
 
 central coasts. 
 
 388. Aythya Vallisneria, Boie. 
 Anas vallisneria, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 301. Northern and central 
 coasts. 
 
 Gen. 286. Fuligula, Steph. 
 
 425. Fuligula Marila, Steph. 389. Fuligula Marila, Steph. 
 {Anas Marila, L.) Gould, (Anas Marila, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 371. Europe generally, pi. 229. America generally. 
 
 426. Fuligula Cristata, Steph. 390. Fuligula Rufitorques, Nob. 
 {Anas Fuligula, L.) Gould, {Anas fuligula, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 370. Europe generally. pi. 234. Northern and central 
 
 coasts. 
 
 Gen. 287. CAMPTORHYNCHus,Eyton. 
 
 391. Camptorhynchus Labrado- 
 Rus, Eyt. {Anas Labradoria, 
 Gm.) Aud. pi. 332. North- 
 ern coast. 
 
 Gen. 288. Clangula, Flem. 
 
 427. Clangula Glaucion, Boie. 392. Clangula Americana, Nob. 
 {Anas clangula, L.) Gould, {Anas clangula, Wils.) Aud. 
 pi. 379. Europe generally. pi. 342. America generally. 
 
 428. Clangula Barrovi, Sw. 393. Clangula Barrovi, Sw. 
 
 Gould, pi. 380. Accidental Aud. pi. 403. Northern. 
 
 in northern Europe. „^ . „ . »t , 
 
 ^ 394. Clangula Albeola, Nob. 
 
 {Anas albeola, L.) Aud. pi. 
 
 325. Northern coast. 
 
 429.CLANGULAHlSTRIONICA,Leach. 395.CLANGULAHlSTRI0NICA,Leach. 
 
 {Anashistrio)iica,Gm.) Gould, (Anas histrionica, Wils.^ 
 
 pi. 381. North of Europe. Northern. 
 
european antt ^nifrtran JSirtf^. 59 
 
 Genus 289. Harelda, Leach, 
 
 430. Harelda Glacialis, Leach. 396. Harelda Glacialis, Leach. 
 
 {Anas glacialis, L.) Gould, (Anas glacialis, Wils.) Aud. 
 
 pi. 382. Northern Europe. pi. 312. America generally. 
 
 Gen. 290. Erismatura, Noh. 
 
 43L Erismatura Mersa, Nob. 397. Erismatura Rubida, Nob. 
 
 (Undi7ia leucocephala.J Gould, {Anas rubida, Wils.) Aud. 
 
 pi. 383. Eastern Europe. pi. 343. Northern and central 
 
 coasts. 
 
 e. MERGING. 
 
 Gen. 291. Mergus, L. 
 
 432.Mergus Albellus, L. Gould, 398. Mergus Albellus, L. Aud. 
 
 pi 387. Europe generally. pi, 347. Northern and central 
 
 coasts. 
 
 Gen. 292. Merganser, Leach. 
 
 433. Merganser Castor, Leach. 399. Merganser Castor, Leach. 
 (Mergus castor and Mergan- Aud. pi. 331. America gene- 
 ser, h.) Gould, pi. 384. Eu- rally. 
 
 rope generally. 
 
 434. Merganser Serrator, Leach, 400. MerganserSerrator, Leach. 
 {Mergus serrator, L.) Gould, Aud pi, 401, America gene- 
 pi, 385, Europe generally, rally, 
 
 435. MERGANSERCucuLLATus,Nob. 401.Merganser CucuLLATus, Nob. 
 Mergus ciicullatus, L.) Gould. Aud. pi. 232. America gene- 
 pi. 386. Accidental in Europe. rally. 
 
 FAMILIA XXXII.— PELECANIDiE. 
 
 Gen. 293. Phalacrocorax. Briss, 
 
 436. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Cuv. 402. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Cuv. 
 (Pelecanus carbo, L.) Gould, Peleccnus carbo, Wils.) Aud, 
 pi. 407. Europe generally, pi, 266. 
 
 437. Phalacrocorax Gracalus, 
 Cuv. {Pelecanus Gracalus, 
 Gm,) Gould, pi. 408. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 438. Phalacrocorax Pygm^eus, 
 Cuv. {Pelecanus pygmcsus. Pall.) 
 Eastern Europe. 
 
 439. Phalacrocorax Cristatus, 
 Cuv. {Pelecanus cristatus, Olf.) 
 Gould, pi. 410. Northern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 440. Phalacrocorax Desmaresti, 
 Gould, pi. 411. Southern and 
 eastern Europe. 
 
60 (Suroprau 
 
 ants 
 
 ^mcr(rait "BtrW. 
 
 403. Phalacrocorax Brasclien- 
 sis Nob. (Ph. Floridanus, 
 Aud.) pi. 262. 
 
 404. Phalacrocorax Dilophus, 
 Nob. (Carbo dilophus, Sw.) 
 Aud. pi. 257. 
 
 Genus 294. Pelecanus, L. 
 
 441. Pelecanus Okocrotalus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 405. 
 
 442 Pelecanus Crispus, Feldegg. 
 Gould, pi, 406. South-eastern 
 Europe. 
 
 405. PelecanusTrachyrhynchuS) 
 Lath. {Pelecanus erythrorhyn- 
 chus, Gm. P.Americanus, Aud.) 
 Aud. pi. 311. Rare in central 
 parts. 
 
 406. Pelecanus Fuscus, L. Aud. 
 pi. 251. Southern parts. 
 
 Gen. 295. Sula, Briss. 
 
 443. Sula Bassana, Briss. (Pele- 
 canus bassanus and maculatus, 
 Gm.) Gould, pi. 412. Eu- 
 rope generally. 
 
 407. Sula Americana, Nob. (Pe- 
 lecanus bassanus, Nob.^ Aud. 
 pi. 326. Central coast. 
 
 408. Sula Fusca, Briss. {Peleca- 
 nus sula, L.) Aud. pi, 207. 
 Southern coast. 
 
 Gen. 296. Tachypetes, Vieill. 
 
 409. Tachypetes Aquilus, Vieill. 
 (Pelecanus aquilus, h.) Aud. 
 pi. 271. Southern coast. 
 
 Gen. 297. Plotus, L. 
 
 410. Plotus Anhinga, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 316. Southern coast. 
 
 Gen. 298. Heliornis, Bonn. 
 
 411. Heliornis Surinamensis, 
 Bonn. Accidental on the south- 
 ern coast- 
 Gen. 299. PHiETON, L, 
 
 412. Photon ^thereus, L. Aud. 
 pi. 262. Tropical coast. 
 
 FAMILIA XXXIII.— LARID.E. 
 
 o. RHYNCHOPSINjE. 
 
 Genus 300. Rhynchops, L. 
 
 413. Rhynchops Nigra, L. Aud. 
 pi. 262. Tropical coast. 
 
C!?ur0jpcan 
 
 anil 
 
 amcrtcan JSirW. 61 
 
 b. STJERjSFINuE. 
 
 Gen. 301. 
 
 444. Sterna Hirundo, L. Gould, 
 pi. 417. Europe generally. 
 
 445.SternaArctica, Tern. Gould, 
 pi. 419. Northern Europe. 
 
 446. Sterna Douglahi Mont. 
 Gould, pi. 418. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 447. Sterna Minuta, L. Gould, 
 pi. 420. Europe generally. — 
 The genus Sternula, Boie. 
 
 Sterna, L. 
 
 414. Sterna Wilsoni, Nob. (Ster- 
 na hiru7ido, Wils.) 
 
 415. Sterna Hirundo, L. Aud. 
 pi. 309. Northern and central 
 coasts. 
 
 416. Sterna Arctica, Tern. Aud. 
 pi. 250. Northern coast. 
 
 417. Sterna Dougallii, Mont. 
 Aud. pi. 240. 
 
 418. Sterna Argentea, Nutt. 
 (Sterna minuta, Wils.^ Aud. 
 
 Northern and central 
 
 pi. 319. 
 coasts. 
 Genus Sternula, Boie. 
 
 Gen. 302. Hydrochelidon, Boie. 
 
 448. Hydrochelidon Nigrum, 
 Sterna Nigra, L.) Gould, pi. 
 422. Europe generally. 
 
 449. Hydrochelidon Leucopte- 
 RUM, Boie. (Sterna leucoptera, 
 Tern.) Gould, pi. 423, South- 
 ern and eastern Europe. 
 
 450. Hydrochelidon Leucopa- 
 reia, Nob. {Sterna leucopa- 
 reia, Natt.) Gould, pi. 424. 
 Southern and eastern Europe. 
 
 419. Hydrochelidon Nigrum, 
 Boie. (Sterna Nigra, L.) Cen- 
 tral coast. 
 
 420. Hydrochelidon Fuligino- 
 suM, Nob. ( Sterna fuUginosa, 
 Gm.) Aud. pi. 235. South- 
 ern and south-eastern coasts. 
 
 Gen. 303. Megalopterus, Boie. 
 
 451.MegalopterusStolidus, Boie 421. Megalopterus Stolidus.Boic 
 
 [Sterna stolida, L.) Gould, pi 
 
 421. Accidental in Europe. 
 
 Genus 304. 
 
 462. Thalasseus Cantiacus, Boie. 
 {Sterna cunliaca, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 415. Europe generally. 
 
 {Sterna stolida, L.J Aud. pi. 
 275. Rare on the northern 
 coast. 
 
 Thalasseus, Boie. 
 
 422. Thalasseus Canti.4cus, Boie. 
 Aud. pi. 279. 
 
 423. Thalasseus Cayanus, Boie. 
 {Sterna cayana, Gm.J Aud. 
 pi. 273. Southern coast. 
 
 Gen. 305. Gelochelidon, Brehm. 
 
 453. Gelochelidon Anglica, Nob. 424. Gelochelidon Aranea, Nob. 
 
 {Sterna anglica, Mont.J Gould, (Sterna aranea, Wils.) Aud. 
 
 pi. 416. Great Britain. pi. 409. Northern coast. 
 
62 
 
 (JEtiropcan 
 
 m\t 
 
 ^ntprtcatt 23trW. 
 
 Gen. 306. Sylochelidon, Brehm. 
 
 454. Sylochelidon Caspia, Br. 
 (Sterna Canpia, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 414. Southern Europe. 
 
 c. LARINJE. 
 
 Gen. 307. 
 
 455. Gavia Eburnea, Boie. (Za- 
 rus Eburnea, Gm.) Gould, 
 pi. 436. Northern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 308. 
 
 456. Xema Sabini, Leach. {^Larus 
 Sabini, Leach.) Gould, pi. 
 429. Northern Europe. 
 
 457. Xema Minutum, Boie. (La- 
 rus minutus. Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 428. North-eastern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 458. Xema Capistratum, Boie. 
 (Larus capistratus, Tern.) 
 Gould, pi. 
 
 459. Xema Melanocephalum, 
 Boie. (Larus Melanocephalus, 
 Natt.) Gould, pi. 427. South- 
 ern Europe. 
 
 460. Xema Ridibundum, Boie. 
 {Larus ridibundus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 425. Europe generally. 
 
 461. Xema Plumiceps, Nob. 
 Southern Europe. 
 
 462. Xema Atricilla, Nob. 
 (Larus atricilla, Pall.) Gould, 
 pi. 42G. Accidental in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 463. Xema Ichthyactum, Nob. 
 
 Gavia, Boie. 
 
 425. Gavia Eburnea, Boie. {Larus 
 Eburnea, Gm.) Aud. pi. 287. 
 Northern coast. 
 
 Xema, Leach. 
 
 426. Xema Sabini, Leach, 
 pi. 288. Northern coast. 
 
 Aud. 
 
 427. Xema Bonapartii, Nob- 
 (Larus Bonapartii, Richards.^ 
 Aud. pi. 324. Northern coast. 
 
 428. Xema Atricilla, Nob. 
 (Larus atricilla, L.) Aud. pi. 
 314. America generally. 
 
 429. Xema Franklini, Nob. 
 (Larus FranJdini, Rich.) Aud. 
 pi. . Northern coast. 
 
 (Larus ichthyaetus, Pall.) South- 
 eastern Europe. 
 
 Genus 309. Rissa, Leach. 
 
 464. RissA Tridactyla, Leach. 430. Rissa Tridactyla, Leach. 
 (Larus tridactylus, L.) Gould, (Larus tridactylus, L.J Aud. 
 pi. 435. Northern Europe. pi. 224. Northern coast. 
 
 Gen. 310. Rossia, Nob. 
 
 465. RossiA Rosea, Nob. (Larus 431. Rossia Rosea, Nob. (Larus 
 Rossii, Sabine.) Gould, pi. — Rossii, Sab.^ Aud. pi. 
 Northern Eui-ope. Northern coast. 
 
€uroiican ntOs ^mcrtran IStrW. 
 
 Gen. 311. Larus, L. 
 
 63 
 
 466. Larus Glaucus, Brunn. 
 Gould, p). 432. Northern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 467. Larus Marinus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 430. Europe generally. 
 
 468. Larus Audouini, Peyr. 
 Gould, pi. 438. 
 
 469. Larus Canus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 437. Europe generally. 
 
 470 Larus Fuscus, L. Gould, 
 pi. 431. Europe generally. 
 
 471. Larus Leucopterus, Nob. 
 (Larus islandicas,}Ldm.) Gould, 
 pi. 433. Northern Europe. 
 
 472. Larus Argentatus, Brunn. 
 Gould, p]. 434. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 d. LESTRINjE. 
 
 432. Larus Glaucus, Brunn. 
 Aud. pi. 396. Northern, very 
 rare on southern coast. 
 
 433. Larus Marinus, L. Aud. 
 pi. 241. Northern and central 
 coasts. 
 
 434. Larus Zonorhynchus, Rich. 
 Aud. pi. 212. Northern coast. 
 
 435. Larus Leucopterus, Nob. 
 (Lams islandicus, Edm.) Aud. 
 pi. 282. Northern and central 
 coasts. 
 
 436. Larus Argentatus, Brunn. 
 Aud. pi. 291. America gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 312. Cataracta, Brunn. 
 
 473. Cataracta Skua, Brunn. 
 (Larus Catarractes, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 439. Northern Europe. 
 
 Gen. 313. Lestris, lUis. 
 
 474. Lestris Pomarinus, Tem. 
 Gould, pi. 440. Northern 
 Europe. 
 
 475. Lestris Parasitica, 111. 
 Larus parasiticus, L.) Gould, 
 pi. 442. 
 
 476. Lestris Richardsoni, Sw. 
 Gould, pi. 441. Northern Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 437. Lestris Pomarinus, Tem. 
 Aud. pi. 253, Northern coast. 
 
 438. Lestris Buffoni, Boie. 
 (Larus parasiticus, L.) Aud. 
 pi. 267. Accidental in North 
 America. 
 
 439. Lestris Richardsoni, Sw. 
 (Lestris parasitica, Boie.) Aud. 
 pi. 272. Northern coast. 
 
 FAMILIA XXXIV.— PROCELLARIDiE. 
 
 Genus 314. Diomedea, L. 
 
 440. Diomedea Fusca, Nob. Aud. 
 pi. 407. Central coast. 
 
64 
 
 €uropfau 
 
 n\\ts 
 
 ^mrrttaii ISdlfs- 
 
 477. Procellaria Glacialis, L. 
 Gould, pi. 446. Northern 
 Europe. 
 
 Gen. 316. 
 
 478. PuFFiNus Anglorum, Ray. 
 (Procellaria Anglorum, Tem.J 
 Gould, pi. 443. Northern and 
 central parts of Europe. 
 
 479. PuFFiNus Obscurus, Steph. 
 {Procellaria obscurus, Vieill.) 
 Gould, pi. 444. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 480. PuFFiNus CiNEREUs, Steph. 
 (Procellaria pitffinus, L.) 
 Gould, pi. 445. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 315. Procellaria, L 
 
 441. Procellaria Glacialis, L 
 Aud. pi 
 
 Accidental in 
 North America. 
 
 PuFFiNus, Briss. 
 
 442. PuFFiNus Anglorum, Ray. 
 Aud. pi. 295. Accidental in 
 North America. 
 
 443. PuFFiNus Obscurus, Steph. 
 Aud. pi. 299. Accidental on 
 the central coast. 
 
 444. PuFFiNus Cinereus, Stepli. 
 Aud. pi. 283. Northern coast. 
 
 Gen. 317. Thalassiduoma, Vig. 
 
 481. Thalassidroma Pelagica, 
 Vig. {Procellaria pelagica, 
 L.) Gould, pi. 447, fig. 2. 
 Europe generally. 
 
 482. Thalassidroma Leachi, Nob. 
 (Procellaria Leachii, Tem.) 
 Gould, pi. 447, fig. 1. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 483. Thalassidroma Wilsoni, 
 Nob. {Procellaria Wilsoni, 
 Nob. Accidental 
 in Europe. 
 
 484. Thalassidroma Bulweri, 
 Nob. (Procellaria Bulwerii, 
 Jard.) Gould, pi. 448. Acci- 
 dental in Europe. 
 
 445. Thalassidroma Pelagica, 
 Vig. Aud. pi. 311. Atlantic 
 
 ocean. 
 
 446. Thalassidroma 
 Nob. Aud. pi. 260. 
 ocean. 
 
 Leachi, 
 Atlantic 
 
 447. Thalassidroma Wilsoni, 
 Nob. (Procellaria pelagica, 
 Wils.) Aud. pi. 270. South- 
 ern coast. 
 
 FAMILIA XXXV.— COLYMBID^. 
 
 a. POBICIPINjE. 
 
 Genus 318. Sylbeocyclus, Nob. 
 
 485. Sylbeocyclus Minor, Nob. 
 {Podiceps minor, Lath.) Gould, 
 pi. 392. Europe generally. 
 
 448. Sylbeocy^clus Carolinensi.s, 
 Nob. (Podiceps Carolinensis, 
 Lath.) Aud. pi. 248. Ame- 
 rica generally. 
 
 486. Podiceps Auritus, Lath. 
 Gould, pi. 391. Europe gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 319. Podiceps, Lath. 
 
 449. Podiceps Auritus, 
 
 Lath. 
 Aud. pi. 404. Northern coast. 
 
^tirapcaiT 
 
 mXt 
 
 ^nicn'raii 3iJiiU^. 
 
 65 
 
 487. PoDicEPS CoRNUTus, Lath. 
 Gould, pi. 390. Europe ge- 
 nerally. 
 
 488. PoDicEPs RuERicoLLis, Lath. 
 Gould, pi. 389. Europe ge- 
 nerally. 
 
 489. PoDicEPs Cristatus, Lath. 
 Gould, pi. 388. Europe ge- 
 rally. 
 
 450. PoDiCEPs CoRNUTus, Lath. 
 Aud. pi. 259. Northern and 
 central coasts. 
 
 451. PoDicEPs RuBRicoLLis, Lath. 
 Aud. pi. 298. Northeni and 
 central coasts. 
 
 452. PoDicEPs Cristatus, Lath. 
 Aud. pi. 292. Northern and 
 central coasts. 
 
 b. COLYMBIDjE. 
 Genus 320. Colymbus, L. 
 
 490. Colymbus Glacialis, L. 
 Gould, pi. 393. Northern and 
 central parts of Europe. 
 
 491. Colymbus Arcticus, L. 
 Gould, pi. 394. Northern and 
 central parts. 
 
 492. Colymbus Balthicus, Horns. 
 Gould, Suppl. pi. Northern 
 Europe. 
 
 493. Colymbus Septentrionalis, 
 L. Gould, pi. 395. Europe 
 generally. 
 
 453. Colymbus Glacialis, L. 
 Aud. pi. 306. Northern and 
 central coasts. 
 
 454. Colymbus Arcticus, L. Aud. 
 pi. 346. Northern coast. 
 
 455. Colymbus Septentrionalis, 
 L. Aud. pi. 202. Northern 
 coast. 
 
 FAMILIA XXXVI.— ALCID^. 
 
 Gen. 321. Uria, Briss. 
 
 494. Uria Troile, Lath. Gould, 
 pi. 396 and 397. Europe ge- 
 nerally. 
 
 495. Uria Brunnichi, Sabine. 
 {Uria Fra7iesn, Leach.) Gould, 
 pi. 398. North of Europe. 
 
 496. Uria Grylle, Lath. Gould, 
 pi. 399. North and central 
 parts of Europe. 
 
 497. Uria MAUDTii,Licht. North- 
 east of Europe. 
 
 456. Uria Troile, Lath. Aud- 
 pi. 318. On the coast gene- 
 rally. 
 
 457. Uria Brunnichi, Sabine. 
 Aud. pi. 245. North western 
 
 of North America. 
 
 458. Uria Grylle, Lath. Aud. 
 pi. 219. On the coast gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Genus 322. Mergulus, Ray. 
 
 498. Mergulus Alle, Nob. (Alca 
 alle, L.) Gould, pi. 402. 
 Northern and central parts of 
 Europe. 
 
 459. Mergulus Alle, Nob. Aud. 
 pi. 339. (Uria alle, Wils.; 
 Northern shores. 
 
00 Curojjcnn axits ^mnirait 33iiO)S. 
 
 460. Mergulus Antiquus, Nob. 
 (Alca antiqua. Pall.) Aud. 
 pi. 402. Northern shores. 
 
 Genus 323. Ceratorhyncha, Nob. 
 ( Cerorhynca, Nob.) 
 
 461. CeratorhyncaOccidentalis, 
 Noh.(Phaleris cerorhynca, Nob.) 
 Aud. pi. 402. Western coast. 
 
 Gen. 324. Phaleris, Tem. 
 
 462. Phaleris Nodirostra, Nob. 
 (Cerorhynca occidentalis, Vig.) 
 Aud. pi. 402. 
 
 463. Phaleris Superciliosa, Nob. 
 (Phaleris cristatella, Tem. J 
 Aud. pi. 402. 
 
 464. Phaleris Cristatella, Nob. 
 nee Tem. {Alca cristatella, 
 Auct. nee Vieill.) Aud. pi. 
 On the western shores. 
 
 465. Phaleris Tetracula, Steph. 
 (Alca tetracula, Pall.^ 
 
 466. Phaleris Psittacula, Steph. 
 (Alca psittacula. Pall.) North 
 western coast. 
 
 Gen. 325. Mormon, 111. 
 
 499. Mormon Arcticus, 111. (Alca 467. Mormon Arcticus, 111. Aud. 
 Arctica, L.) Gould, pi. 403. pi. 213. Northern coast. 
 Northern Europe. 
 
 500. Mormon Glacialis, Leach. 468. Mormon Glacialis, Leach. 
 Gould, pi. 404. Northern Eu- Aud. pi. 293. On the coast 
 rope. generally. 
 
 469. Mormon Cirrhatus, Tem. 
 (Alca cirrhata, Gm.) Aud.pl. 
 249. Western coast. 
 
 Gen. 326. Utamania, Leach. 
 
 501. Utamania Torda, Leach. 470. Utamania Torda, Leach. 
 (Alca Torda, and Pica, L.) Aud. pi. 214. America gene- 
 Gould, pi. 401. Europe gene- rally. 
 
 rally. 
 
 Gen. 327. Alca, Leach. 
 
 502. Alca Impennis, L. Gould, 471. Alca Impennis, L. Aud.pl. 
 pi. 400. Northern Europe. 341. Northern coast. 
 
67 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 FAMILIES found in 
 Europe - - - 36 
 
 Families of Europe, 
 not of North Ame- 
 rica - - - 4 
 
 GENERA found in Eu- 
 rope - - _ 246 
 
 Genera of Europe, 
 not of North Ame- 
 
 FAMILIES found in 
 North America - - 34 
 
 Families of North 
 America, not of 
 Europe - - 2 
 
 rica 
 
 109 
 
 GENERA found in North 
 America - - - 218 
 
 Genera of North 
 America, not of 
 Europe - - 81 
 
 SPECIES found in Eu- 
 rope _ . - 503 
 
 Species of Europe, 
 not of North Ame- 
 
 rica 
 
 403 
 
 SPECIES found in North 
 America - - - 471 
 
 Species of North 
 America, not of 
 Europe - - 371 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Familia XV. read XVII. ; and two additional numbers must be added to 
 each of the succeeding Families. 
 
 Page 49. " ScoLOPiDiE," read " Scolopacid^." 
 
 Add, 
 
 ]83a. TuRDus Migratorius, L. 
 Gould, pi. 74. Accidental in 
 Europe. 
 
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 Illustrated with Wood-cuts, price 2s. 
 
 "A remarkably pretty collection of Fables, illustrated with wood-cuts, 
 which would not discredit a work of more pretensions.'' — Aihen;eum. 
 
A CABINET EDITION OF 
 
 THE ECONOMY OF HUMAN LIFE; 
 
 IN TWELVE BOOKS. BY DODSLEY. 
 
 With Twelve Plates, beautifully engraved on Steel, from original 
 
 Designs by Frank Howard, Harvey, Williams, &c. 
 
 Neatly done up, with gilt edges, price 5s. 
 
 " A new and delightful edition of a delightful little work ; a prettier 
 present for youth we know not." — Court Journal. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF 
 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE; 
 
 OE, THE YOUNG INQUIRER ANSWERED: 
 
 Explaining in Question and Answer, and in familiar language, what 
 most things daily used, seen, or talked of, are ; what they are made of, 
 where found, and to what uses applied. Including articles of Food and 
 Aliment ; miscellanies in common use ; Metals, Gems, Jewellery ; and 
 some account of the principal Inventions, and most interesting Manu- 
 factures. 
 
 In 18mo. with Illustrations, price 3s. cloth. 
 
 " Our attention has of late been frequently directed to improved books 
 of education adapted for juvenile minds, and we can venture, with con- 
 fidence, to recommend this as an excellent work of this kind." 
 
 Asiatic Journal. 
 
 In Preparation, 
 
 A HISTORY OF BRITISH CRUSTACEA. 
 
 BY PROFESSOR BELL. 
 
 The Drawings for this work will be by J. O. Westwood, F.L.S. 
 Secretary to the Entomological Society. 
 
 A HISTORY OF THE FOSSIL FRUITS 
 AND SEEDS OF THE LONDON CLAY. 
 
 BY JAMES SCOTT BOWERBANK, F.G.S. 
 
 This subject has been the peculiar study of Mr. Bowerbank for many 
 years, during which time more than 120,000 specimens have passed 
 through iiis hands. The work will be Illustrated by as many specimens 
 as can with certainty be determined, drawn and engraved by Mr. James 
 de Carl Sowerby. 
 
 JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER-ROW, 
 
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