AND Citizens' Manual Illinois ! i # i I Blillil SB IS! UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY Class Book Volume ^^,7 73 'MS Cfta. "3 «L My 08-1 5M KWBTHEW CENTRAL CIRCULATION AND BOOKSTACKS The person borrowing this material is responsible for its renewal or return before the Latest Date stamped below. You may be charged a minimum fee of $75.00 for each non-returned or lost item. Theft, mutilation, or defacement of library materials can be causes for student disciplinary action. All materials owned by the University of Illinois Library are the property of the State of Illinois and are protected by Article 1 6B of Illinois Criminal Law and Procedure. TO RENEW, CALL (217) 333-8400. University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign FEB 2 2005 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. LI 62 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL ILLINOIS WITH SUMMARY OF NATURALIZATION LAWS OF UNITED STATES AND REGULATIONS THERE- ON IN FORCE JANUARY 1, 1908 BY HENRY M. BACON OF THE CHICAGO BAH PUBLISHED BY L. W. WALTER COMPANY Chicago, Illinois 1908 A- T Copyright. 1908, by HENRY M. BACON PREFACE The aim of this book is to bring to the individual citizen a clear- cut, concise, and complete statement of all the laws and the regulations under them, which materially affect the exercise of his political rights and the performance of his political duti- Foreigners visiting our country have ridiculed the American citizen, because, as they assume, he neglects to exercise these rights and perform these duties. Students of political science charge many existing evils to this neglect; while would-be reformers foretell and bemoan an ultimately evil fate for our country because of it. "When we take up the study of our political system and the laws relating to it, we find an explanation, if not an excuse, for the want of interest, or for the neglect, if it be such, on the part of the great body of our citizens. We discover that whatever may be the breadth of the citizen's view of the dignity of his sovereignty, and the need and value of an active exercise of it, the laws regu- lating his political rights and duties are so voluminous and involved, and any means of accurately informing oneself so difficult for the ordinary citizen to obtain, that he cannot well acquire a compre- hensive view of the manner and method of its exercise. In fact, the American citizen is earnest in the desire to exercise his political rights and perform his duties. That he is intelligent and active, every one admits. If we could know the facts, we would be amazed at the amount of time he gives in the effort to inform himself, although greatly handicapped. Even when he makes an earnest effort to obtain a broad view of his rights and • luties, by questioning his friends and neighbors, and the office- holders of his locality, by following the press, by consulting a law- yer, or by himself poring over the many volumes of the Revised Statutes, the busy man of whatever occupation — and the average citizen of this country is indeed a busy man — cannot attain full success by these means in mastering the details of his office as an integral part of the sovereign power of the State and Nation. The responsibility for good government, which in a mona iii 1 .1.9991 iv PREFACE usually rests largely, if not wholly, upon the individual sovereign as the head of the State, in this country rests upon the citizen, and no individual can escape responsibility to himself, to his fellows, or to posterity by pleading ignorance or pressure of affairs. Much complaint is made that by his apathy, the citizen shows that he does not value the franchise and is unworthy of it. Can better means be found to remove the ground, if any, for this complaint, and truly enfranchise the citizen, than to simplify as much as pos- sible, the laws controlling the exercise of his political rights and place in his hands a concise and complete guide book to those laws, and to his rights and duties as a citizen, so arranged as to be readily made use of by any one possessing a common school education ? All who have faith in the American citizen surely have faith to believe that given such means and opportunities, a little time would show increased activity on his part, and secure results from his action of inestimable value to the State and Nation. If this book furnishes such a guide, the time and labor spent by the writer in the effort to condense and systematize the vast amount of material relating to the subject will have been indeed well spent. Statistics are inserted in the back of the book as to the conven- tions and electoral vote for 1908, and the Presidential elections of former years, for reference during the Presidential campaigns. The heartiest thanks of the writer are due many friends for kindly aid and encouragement, and to various public officials for valuable suggestions and many expressions of approval. Chicago, June 1, 1908. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 lifications of Voters in Illinois What is ax Office? .... l»i Al.lKK'ATlONS FOR HOLDING OFFICE IN ILLINOIS Calendar of Regular Elections Calendar of Primary Elections fob 1908 Primary Elections and History of Primari Laws i.\ Illinois ....... Primary Law of 1908 ....... Election Laws of Illinois, Summary of .... Township and County Government .... List of Elective Officers. Qualifications, Ti.mk of Elec- tion, and Duties Township Officers . < 'ity Officers . Village and Town Officers ( lounty Officers Judicial Officer- State Officers . National Officers Naturalization and Citizenship Naturalization Laws of the United States and Regu- lations, Summary of Oil [CIALS Aimmun ;tkd in THE GOVERNOR Officials AlPpod^ted by the Governor witb Consent oi Senate ........ Officials Selec pbd for Stat i: A.qricultural Societu - Officials Acting Ex-OFi rto as Members oi- State lit»Ai-:i»s PJ3 v ■_) 3 4 4-149 9 14 20 34 37 37 46-60 52 66 79 S5 96 102 104 n:» 116 121 VI TABLE OF CONTEXTS Officials Appointed by the State Senate . . 124 Officials Appointed by the House of Representatives 124 Officials Appointed by Various Judiclvl Officers . 125,126 Officials Appointed by City and Village Officers . 129-131 Officlaxs Appointed by County Officers . . 126 Federal Officlals Appointed for Illinois . 134 Table of Presidents of the United States . . 138 Popular Vote for President by States, 1896-1904 . . 139 Electoral College, 1908 ...... 143 National Conventions to be Held in 1908 . . .144 General Index . . . . . . • .151 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS WHO ARE ENTITLED TO VOTE IN ILLINOIS The Constitution of the United States declares that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the juris- dictioD thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." (Fourteenth Amendment.) Citizens of the United States cannot be denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (Fifteenth Amendment.) Art. VII. of the Constitution of Illinois provides as follows: "Suffrage. Sec. 1. Every person having resided in this State one year, in the county ninety days, and in the election district thirty • lavs next preceding any election therein, who shall be a male citizen of the United States, above the age of twenty-one years, shall be entitled to vote at such election. bc. '-. All votes shall be by ballot. c. 3. Electors shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, and in going to and returning from the same. And no elector shall be obliged to do military duty on the days of elec- tion, except in time of war or public danger. •.4. No elector shall be deemed to have lost his residence in this State by reason of his absence on business of the United Mates or of this State, or in the military or naval service of the United Stat< •<•. 5. No soldier, seaman, or marine in the army or navy of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this State in con- sequence of being stationed therein." Women have the right to vote in Illinois in certain cases, as follow- : "Any woman of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, belonging to either of the classes mentioned in Art. VII. of the Con- 1 2 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL stitution of the State of Illinois, who shall have resided in this State one year, in the county ninety days, and in the election district thirty days preceding any election held for the purpose of choosing any officer of schools under the general or special school laws of this State, shall be entitled to vote at such election in the school district of which she shall at the time have been for thirty days a resident." "Any woman so voting must have been registered in the same manner as is provided for the registration of male voters." (Act of June 19, 1891.) Disqualification. Const, of 111., Art. VII., Sec. 7: "The General Assembly shall pass laws excluding from the right of suffrage per- sons convicted of infamous crimes." The General Election Laws of this State declare that the follow- ing persons are disqualified from voting, viz.: Sec. 70. No person who has been legally convicted of any crime the punishment of which is confinement in the penitentiary, or who shall be convicted and sentenced under Section 83 of this Act, shall be permitted to vote at any election unless he shall be restored to the right to vote by pardon, or by the expiration of the term of his disfranchisement under Section 83 of this Act. Sec. 83. Any person who shall solicit, request, demand, or re- ceive, directly or indirectly, any money, intoxicating liquor, or other thing of value, or the promise thereof, either to influence his vote, or to be used to procure the vote of any other person or per- sons, or to be used at any poll or other place prior to or on the day of an election, for or against any candidate for office, or for or against any measure or question to be voted upon at such election, shall be deemed guilty of the infamous crime of bribery in elections, and upon conviction thereof shall be sentenced to disfranchisement for a term of not less than five nor more than fifteen years, and to the county jail not less than three months nor more than one year, and to pay the cost of prosecution and stand committed to the county jail until such costs shall be fully paid. For conviction of a second offense under this section, such offender shall be for- ever disfranchised and deprived of the right to vote in this State. WHAT IS AN OFFICE An office is a public position, created by the Constitution or laws of the State, to be filled by election or appointment, and to be held for a fixed time or during the pleasure of the appointing power. (Const, of 111., Art. V., Sec. 24.) QUALIFICATloxs OF VOTERS QUALIFICATIONS FOR HOLDING OFFICE IN ILLINOIS 'All civil officers, except members of the general assembly and such inferior officers as may be by law exempted, shall before they cuter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: 'I do solemnly swear (or affirm,as the case may be,) thai I will suppdrt the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of according to the beet of my ability.' "And no other oath, declaration or test shall be required as a qualification." (Sec. 25, Art. V., Const. 1870.) By Sec. 6 of Art. VII. of the State Constitution, it is declared as follows: "No person shall be elected or appointed to any office in this State, civil or military, who is not a citizen of the United States, and who shall not have resided in this State one year next preceding the election or appointment." Women under the school laws are eligible to school office: "Any woman, married or single, of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, and possessing the qualifications prescribed for the office, shall be eligible to anv office under the general or special school laws of this State." (School Laws, Art. XVI., Sec. 2.) The laws provide for other qualifications in some cases. These are hereinafter stated under the description of each office. CALENDAR OF REGULAR ELECTIONS IN ILLINOIS PRIMARY ELECTIONS IN 1908 (See page 149 hereof for Calendar for 1908 prepared by Hon. W. H. Stead, Attorney-General. ) SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1908 Under the "Jones-Oglesby Direct Primary Law," passed Jan- uary 29, 1908, and in force July 1st, a primary election will be held August 8, 1908, for the nomination of candidates for all elective offices, state, congressional, senatorial, county, city, village, town and judicial, to be filled at the November election in 1908 (includ- ing all municipal officers who are by law elected at the November election, also Sanitary District Trustees, members of the State Board of Equalization, and Clerks of the Appellate Courts ) except candidates for State University Trustees and Presidential Electors. The act not taking effect until July 1, 1908, primaries were not held under it for nomination of candidates for officers elected at the spring elections 1908 for county, city, village, town, and judicial offices. The primary elections for these officers for 1908 were governed by the act of February 10, 1898, as amended May 11, 1901 ; in all counties and municipalities which have adopted the act of May 11, 1901, and in Cook County, to which the act directly applied. In the years succeeding 1908 the primary elections are to be held under the "Jones-Oglesby Law" as follows: LAST TUESDAY IN FEBRUARY For nomination of candidates for officers to be elected in the cities, villages, and towns which elect officers on the first Tuesday in April. SECOND TUESDAY IN MARCH For the nomination of candidates for officers to be elected in the cities, villages, and towns which elect officers on the third Tuesday in April. 4 CALENDAR OF REGULAR ELECTIONS 5 SECOND TUESDAY IN APRIL For the nomination of candidates for judicial officers to be elected in June of any year. For the nomination of candidates for offices to be filled at the November election in any year. A primary for the nomination for all other officers required to be made under the act shall be held three weeks before the date of the general election for such officers respectively. REGULAR GENERAL ELECTIONS FIRST TUESDAY IN APRIL Elections for Township Officers. Assessor, Collector, Town Clerk, Supervisor, Highway Commissioner, and Poundmaster annually, and Constable and Justice of the Peace in 1909 and every fourth year thereafter. Elections in Cities, Villages, and Incorporated Towns. All town (township) officers, officers in cities containing one or more towns, and officers in all villages organized under the general law, whose boundaries coincide with the boun- daries of a township, annually. Judicial Election. One judge of the Superior Court of Cook County is elected on this day in 1913 and every sixth year thereafter. THIRD TUESDAY IN APRIL Elections in Cities, Villages, and Incorporated Towns. Officers of cities organized under the general law (except such as contain within their corporate limits one or more town- ships) annually. Officers of villages organized under the general law (except where the territorial limits coincide with the territorial limits of a township) annually. SECOND SATURDAY IN APRIL ANNUALLY School Elections. Township Trustees of Schools. 6 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Members of High School Board of Education. In town- ships having township high schools, two members are to be elected each year, save that in the third year but one mem- ber is elected. THIRD SATURDAY IN APRIL ANNUALLY Members of the Board of Education in school districts having a population of not less than 1,000 and not more than 100,000. School Directors in school districts having a population of less than 1,000. FIRST MONDAY IN JUNE Judicial Elections. One Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County in 1909 and every sixth year thereafter. Judges of the Circuit Court in 1909 and every sixth year thereafter. One Judge of the Supreme Court for the Fifth District in 1909 and every ninth year thereafter. One Judge of the Supreme Court for the Fourth District in 1912 and every ninth year thereafter. Judges of the Supreme Court, for the First, Second, Third, Sixth, and Seventh Districts in 1915 and every ninth year thereafter. TUESDAY AFTER THE FIRST MONDAY IN NOVEMBER Judges of the Superior Court of Cook County. Six judges in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter. Four judges in 1911 and every sixth year thereafter. Chief Justice, Clerk, and Bailiff of the Municipal Court of Chicago in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. Nine associate judges of said Municipal Court in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter. Nine associate judges of said Municipal Court in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter. Nine associate judges of said Municipal Court in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. CALENDAR OF REGULAR ELECTIONS 7 County Officers. County Judge in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Probate Judge in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter in counties having 70,000 .population. County Commissioners in counties not under township organization, one each year. County Commissioners in Cook County, fifteen are to be elected in 1908 and every two years thereafter, ten from the city of Chicago and five from the towns in the county outside of the city, one of them being designated as President of the Board. Clerk of Superior Court of Cook County in 1908 and even- fourth year thereafter. Clerks of the Circuit Courts in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. States Attorney in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. County Surveyor in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. County Coronor in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. Recorder of Deeds in 1908 and every fourth year there- after, in counties having 60,000 population. Clerk of the Criminal Court of Cook County in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Clerk of the Probate Court in 1910 (in counties having 70,000 population) and every fourth year thereafter. County Clerk in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. County Treasurer in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. County Superintendent of Schools in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Sheriff in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Assessors (Members of Board of) in Cook County, two in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter (only one can be from the city of Chicago), one in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter, two in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. Members Board ,of Review of Cook County, one in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter, one in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter, one in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. Trustees of the Sanitary District of Chicago, three in 1908 S VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL and every sixth year thereafter, three in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter (one of those chosen in 1910 to be President of the Board for 5 years), three in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. State Officers. State Senator in even numbered Senatorial districts in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. State Senator in odd numbered Senatorial districts in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Three Members of the House of Representatives from each Senatorial District in Illinois in 1908 and every second year thereafter. One Member of State Board of Equalization from each Congressional District in 1908 and every fourth year there- after. Governor in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. Lieutenant-Governor in 1908 and every fourth year there- after. Secretary of State in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. Auditor of Public Accounts in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. Attorney-General in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. State Treasurer in 1908 and every second year thereafter. Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1910 and every fourth year thereafter. Trustees of the University of Illinois. Three are to be elected in 1908 for a term of six years and three every second year thereafter. Clerk of the Supreme Court in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter. Clerks of the Appellate Court for the four districts in the State, in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter. National Elections. Representatives in Congress in 1908 and every second year thereafter. Electors of President and Vice-President of the United States in 1908 and every fourth year thereafter. t PRIMARY ELECTIONS IN ILLINOIS Until late years no attempt was made to control by law the primary elections in this State. Formerly all nominations of can- didates for office were made by voluntary caucuses of members of the different parties, or by primary elections held solely under the direction of the committees or managers of the respective parties. These were held for the purpose of selecting delegates to the various conventions, state, county, township or district, at which the party candidates for office for those respective political subdivisions were nominated. In theory, no person save those affiliated with a party could vote or take part in the caucuses or primary elections of that party; but in fact, the party primary elections were often dominated in whole or in material part by those not actually in sympathy with the party holding them. The delegates selected often found themselves wholly unable to carry out in convention the pledges given the voters at the primaries because of opposition of party leaders and holders of office. Violations of their pledges were not infrequent. The con- ventions were generally controlled by the party leaders and the nominations dictated by them. The voluntary primaries conducted by the political parties were strongly criticized, and later the convention system itself, and the fraud and manipulation to which they were both subject were condemned. The courts lacking power to control in these matters or to effectively prevent fraud or to secure a fair conduct of such elections, the public and the press for years demanded that the control and protection of the law be given them. From an interesting history of the primary election laws in Illinois given by Mr. Justice Carter of the Supreme Court "of this State in one of the opinions of that court, it appears that the first legislative attempt to regulate the holding of party caucuses or elections for the nominations of candidates for office was in 1885, when the City Election Law was adopted in which the parties were recognized in the selection of the Board of Election Commissioners 9 10 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL in Chicago and in^the appointment of judges and clerks. A sep- arate law was enacted the same year declaring it unlawful for any- one to vote at any primary election unless he was at the time a qualified voter in the district under the general election laws of the State, and fixing a penalty by fine and imprisonment. In 1889 an effort was first made to regulate in this State the entire procedure of nominating candidates for office, but this law was not compulsory upon the political parties, the party committees being authorized to use it or not as they chose. When the Australian ballot system was adopted in this State in 1891, the law for the first time took control of -many of the de- tails of the elections, which had been left to the caucuses or com- mittees of the parties, and it regulated in a general way the nomina- tion of candidates for the elective offices, except trustees of schools, school directors, members of boards of education, and road officers in counties not under township organization. A compulsory primary law was first adopted in 1898, but this applied directly to Cook County only, though it authorized the people of any county, city, or incorporated town in the State to adopt it by vote, and it w T as so adopted in some cities and counties. In 1899 a law was passed regulating primary elections, but it was made to apply only to counties having less than 125,000 inhab- itants (that is, to the entire State outside of Cook County,) and only when adopted by vote of the people. It was so adopted in several counties. In 1901 an act was passed amending in many details the act of 1898, and extending its provisions. None of the laws thus far mentioned were intended or adapted to secure a direct vote of the members of a party upon the nomi- nation of its candidates for office, but the law's control, such as it was, applied to the system of selection of party delegates and their action in party conventions. Direct party primaries for the nomination of candidates for county offices have been customary, it is said, in the southern part of the State for many years, the nomination being given to the candidate receiving a plurality of votes at said primary. Agitation of the question of direct primaries or selection of candidates by direct vote had begun prior to the act of 1901, and HISTORY OF PRIMARY LAWS 11 increased greatly thereafter. In 1904 the question whether a law- should be passed allowing the people to vote at primaries directly for candidates for office was submitted to the people, and a great majority of the votes cast w-ere in favor of such a law. Drafts of laws to secure this w r ere prepared, and one at least was introduced in the legislature of 1905, but it was not adopted nor was the principle of direct nomination recognized in the Primary Election Law passed that year. The Primary Law of May 18, 1905, was the first applying to, and compulsory upon, the entire State, but even this law excepted from its operation cities, villages, and incorporated towns outside of Cook County, having a population of less than 1,000. It did not regulate nominations for candidates for Supreme or Circuit Judges, or County Commissioners in counties not under township organization. The purpose of this law- of 1905, as declared by its advocates was to aid more effectively in ascertaining and declar- ing the will of the people, to prevent violence, correct abuses, and punish frauds at the elections for the purpose of nominating offi- cers, and to secure free and intelligent action by the delegates in convention. The act placed all nominating or primary elections in the State outside of Cook County in the hands of the regular election officers of the election precincts, and punished by fine and imprison- ment frauds in these elections, and violations of its provisions. A separate system was created by this law applying directly to elections in Cook County only. The law- was held to be void by the Supreme Court in an opinion given April 5, 1906. (People vs. Election Comrs. 221 III., 9.) The defects found to exist related to the form of the act, and the means provided by it. A legislative attempt to control such elections, and punish violations of the law- was not criticised. The Court declared the Primary Act of 1901 to be then in force. At an extra session of the General - Assembly immediately called, a new compulsory primary election law w 7 as passed and approved May 23, 1906, going into effect July 1st, of that year, and greatly extending the laws' control over such elections, and recog- nizing in a slight degree the principle of a direct primary vote, though retaining the delegate and convention features. 12 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Under this law, the primaries of all parties were to be held on the same day, and in the same manner in all parts of the State. The law applied only to the elections held in November, and did not apply to the spring municipal elections or to the nominations for Trustees of the State University, for County Commissioners in counties not under township organization, or for township officers. Voters at the primaries might express their preference for candi- dates for United States Senator. The same polling places were to be used by all parties, and the same election officials were to serve. Two ballots were to be voted at the primaries: one called "Official Primary Ballot," contained the names of all the candidates for nomination. By marking and depositing this ballot the voter expressed his preference as to candidates. The other, the "Dele- gate Ballot/' contained the names of the delegates to the party conventions. The vote on the official ballot operated as instruc- tions to the delegates chosen to sit in the conventions, but only for one roll call. ..4 Primary elections were held under the law of 1906, in August of that year to select candidates for offices to be filled at the Novem- ber elections following, and a direct vote was taken at those pri- maries for candidates for a Senator of the United States to fill the vacancy arising in Illinois, March 4, 1907. The validity of the law was soon questioned, and litigation over it finally reached the Supreme Court, where it was held that the law was not in accord with the Constitution. (Rouse vs. Thompson, 228 III., 522. Opin- ion filed October 2, 1907. ) The defects arising and pointed out were (1 ) in- its title; (2) an attempt to confer broader powers upon the party committees than was justified; (3) the method of establish- ing delegate districts; (4) manner of filling vacancies in offices, (5) in requiring a registration of the voter thirty days before election; and (6) in limiting the vote for Representatives in the General Assembly to one candidate from each district. These defects did not go to the propriety or legality of legisla- tive control of such elections, but the court declared that such elections were within the provisions of the Constitution protecting elections; that a voter was entitled to have such elections honestly conducted; the primaries of a party confined to the voters affiliated HISTORY OF PRIMARY LAWS 13 with that party; that it was the duty of the legislature to provide all reasonable regulations and laws to prevent fraud, injustice, and oppression, and to preserve the equal rights of all; and that the question of what regulations should be made to secure fair primary elections rested with the legislature and not with the court. The effect of this decision seemed to be to leave the act of 1898, as amended in 1901, in full force as was stated to be the result of the decision by the court in the People vs. Election Comrs., when the law of 1905 was held void. PRIMARY LAW OF 1908 The legislature of 1907, meeting in October of that year in adjourned session after the decision holding the law of 1906 void, the subject was again taken up, and an act was passed January 29, 1908, called the " Jones-Oglesby Direct Primary Law," which goes into effect July 1* 1908, and purports to make a direct vote compulsory at all primary elections for all candidates for office, the person receiving the highest number of votes at a primary as the candidate of a party for an office, to be the candidate of that party for that office. It controls the nomination of candidates for all elective officers, congressional, state senatorial, state, county, village, city, town, and judicial officers, including members of the State Board of Equalization, Trustees of the Sanitary District, Clerks of the Appellate Courts and officers of the Municipal Court of Chicago, but excepts from its operation candidates for Presi- dential Electors, Trustees of the State University, township officers such as Supervisor, Town Clerk, Assessor, Collector, and Highway Commissioner, and all school officers save Superintendent of Public Instruction and County Superintendent of Schools, for which two last named offices candidates must be chosen at the primaries. What is a Party? A political party under the act is declared to be a party which cast at least two per cent of the entire vote cast in any county for State and county officers, or within any city, village, town, or other municipality, except township and school district, for officers thereof at the general election next preceding a primary, thus recognizing as many different kinds of parties as there are political subdivisions into counties, cities, villages, towns, and other munici- palities. The parties required to hold primaries in Illinois in 1908 are Republican, Democratic, Prohibition, and Socialist, each having polled two per cent of votes cast in November, 1906. When primaries are ,to be held. In 1908 the primaries for all parties are to be held on August 8th. In succeeding years they are to be held as follows: For city elections in cities which elect officers on the first 14 PRIMARY LAW OF 1908 15 Tuesday in April, the primary is to be held on the last Tues- day in February. For city elections in cities which elect officers on the third Tuesday in April, the primary is to be held on the second Tuesday in March. For the nomination of candidates for offices to be filled at November elections, the primary shall be held on the second Tuesday in April. For the nomination of judicial candidates for the judicial election in June, the primary shall be held on the second Tuesday in April. Party Committeemen. The act provides for the election of the managing committees of the political parties at the primaries, a precinct committeeman to be chosen for each party by ballot at each precinct. A member of the State Central Committee is to be elected from each congressional district at the August primary in 1908, and at April primary in 1910, and every two years thereafter, and at the same primaries senatorial district committeemen are to be elected as follows: In districts composed of three or more counties one mem- ber from each county; in districts of two counties, two mem- bers from the county having the largest number of voters, and one from the other; in districts of one county or less three members are elected. The County Central Committee is made up of the precinct committeemen elected at the primary. The Congressional District Committee is to be composed of the chairmen of the county committees of the counties in the district, and 'in districts like those in Cook County, the precinct committeemen in the district compose the congressional com- mittee. The precinct committeemen in a city compose the city committee. This law recognizes and continues the various political party committees now in existence until their successors are chosen. It allows and regulates the holding of certain conventions, viz.: County Convention. The County Central Committee meet at the county seat, and choose a chairman. This meeting is to be the 16 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL county convention, and it chooses delegates to the State Senatorial, Congressional, and State Conventions. In county conventions each committeeman has one vote, and one additional vote for each fifty or larger fraction of fifty votes cast by the party in his precinct at the last general election. The County Convention meets the second Wednesday after the April primary. Senatorial District Convention. The Senatorial District Con- vention is held on the third Wednesday. Congressional District Convention. The Congressional District Convention is held on the fourth Wednesday. This convention selects delegates and alternates to the National Convention, and recommends to the State Convention the nomination of candidates from the congressional district for Presidential Electors. State Convention. This act provides that the State Convention shall (after 1908,) be held on the fifth Wednesday after the April primary, and that at this convention there may be nominated candidates for Presidential Electors, and for Trustees of the State University. The convention may adopt a party platform, and choose the delegates and alternates to the National Convention. Each of the conventions named is allowed to perform the func- tions of such political organizations not inconsistent with the act. Candidates for Illinois House of Representatives. The elected senatorial committeemen for each senatorial district shall meet at least thirty-three days prior to the April primaries, and determine how many candidates shall be nominated by their party in that district for the House of Representatives. Ballot. The law provides for a printed ballot to be used at the primaries, in which the names of the candidates are to be printed in a column. This is what is termed the " Shoe-string " ballot. Each party must have its own ballot, and no two can be of the same color. The names of candidates are placed on this ballot in the order in which their petitions for nominations are filed. The County Clerk (or Board of Election Commissioners if there be one) prepares and prints these ballots for state and county primaries, and Clerks of Municipalities, such as cities, villages, and towns, must prepare and print the ballots for their local primaries. At the bot- PRIMARY LAW OF 1908 17 torn of the ballot, the primary elector will find a space under the heading "Precinct Committeeman," in which he may write or attach the name of the candidate of his choice for precinct com- mitteeman. In voting for precinct committeeman, the primary elector is not required to place a cross opposite the name of such candidate. The officer who prints the ballots must determine the color of the primary ballot of each party. He must post an announcement of the color of the ballot of each party in his office at least fifteen days prior to the date of the primary; in addition thereto, he must publish such announcement for at least one week in three news- papers of general circulation in the county, or if a municipal pri- mary, in at least three newspapers printed and published in the city, if there be three newspapers printed and published in the city. It is the duty of the clerk who prints the ballot to deliver to the primary judges, at least five days prior to the date of the primary, five specimen ballots of each political party, to be posted by the judges in the precinct where the primary will be held. One specimen ballot of each political party must be posted at the polling place. The specimen ballot must be printed on paper of a different texture and color from the official primary ballot. It should be marked "SPECIMEN PRIMARY BALLOT FOR THE PARTY." The name of no candidate for nomination to office or as a com- mitteeman shall be printed on the ballot unless a petition of voters for his nomination shall have been filed in his behalf. The form of these petitions, method of obtaining and filing, and the time of filing the same, are given with much detail in the law. Petitions. The petitions must be of sheets of uniform size, must have a heading giving the name of the candidate, the office, the party represented, and his place of residence. The heading of •each sheet must be the same, must be signed by qualified primary electors in person, the residence address must be written, and if in a city of over 10,000, the street number must be given. Each sheet must have at the bottom a sworn statement by an adult resident of the district giving his residence as above, stating that the signatures were signed in his presence and are genuine, and 18 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL that to the best of his belief, the persons signing were qualified voters of the party at the time. These petitions may contain the names of two or more candi- dates of the party for the same or different offices. The petitions shall be signed for a State office by not less than 1 ,000 or more than 2,000 primary electors; for a congressional, senatorial, judicial, county, city, or village office, or for a Trustee of a Sanitary District, or Clerk of an Appellate Court, by at least one-half of one per cent of the voters in the district or political subdivision for which the office is sought; for State Central Committee by 100 primary elec- tors of the congressional district; for senatorial committee by ten of the electors of his party in the county, and if a district is wholly within one county, or partly in one and partly in another, by ten electors within the district; for any other office, the petition must be signed by ten electors of the party within the district. Petition for United States Senator. The candidate for United States Senator must file a petition with the Secretary of State not less than thirty days before the April primary, signed by not less than 3,000, nor more than 5,000 primary electors, members of his party, but this vote is to be taken merely to ascertain the sentiment of the voters of the respective parties. Filing Petitions. Petitions for nomination must be filed as fol- lows : Where the nomination is for State officers or for officers of any division or district greater than a county, including congressional, senatorial, and judicial, also State Central Committee, the petition shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State between thirty and sixty days prior to the primary; for county officers or senatorial committee, the petition shall be filed with the CourifyClerk within the same period; for city, village, or township officers, it shall be filed with the Clerk of the Municipality not more than thirty nor less than fifteen days before the primary. Independent Nominations. Independent candidates may be nominated by petition as the laws now or may hereafter permit. Qualifications: Who May Vote at Primary. In order to vote at a primary a person must be a legally qualified voter under the gen- eral election laws, must have declared his affiliation with the party; and in districts where registration is required in order to vote at n PRIMARY LAW OF 1908 19 regular election, only registered voters can vote at a primary unless the votes of unregistered voters be sworn in. No one can vote at a primary who has signed a petition for nomination of a candidate of another party when such candidate is to be voted for at the pri- mary, or who has signed the petition of an independent candidate, or who has voted at a primar)'- of another political party (other than a mere city, village, or town party) within two years. Judges and Clerks of Primary Elections. The judges of the general elections for a precinct must serve at the primary elections. These judges select three qualified electors to act as clerks of the primaries except that in cities where there is by law a Board of Election Commissioners, the regular election clerks act as clerks at primary elections. Challengers. Two challengers and an alternate for each chal- lenger for each precinct may be appointed in writing by the pre- cinct committeeman. They must be qualified primary electors in their respective precincts. At the first primary, challengers for all precincts will be appointed by the respective county central committees. Contests. The act allows and regulates contests between candi- dates for nomination, directs primary elections to be held in all cases of special elections to fill vacancies, it re-enacts the provis- ions of former laws for the punishment of frauds, and gives penal- ties for violation of its provisions. The Primary Election Laws of 1889, 1899, and that of 1898 as amended in 1901 are repealed, as well as all other laws inconsis- tent with the law of 1908. ELECTION LAWS IN ILLINOIS There are two general classes of laws governing elections, other than primary elections, in this State. The first class includes (a) an act entitled "An Act in regard to Elections and to Provide for Filling Vacancies in Elective Offices," approved April 3, 1872, and the many additions and amendments made to this law since that date ; (b ) An Act for the Registry of Electors and to prevent Fraudulent Voting, approved February 16, 1865; (c) An Act to Apportion the State of Illinois into Sena- torial Districts, May 10, 1901; (d) An Act to Apportion the State of Illinois into twenty-five Congressional Districts, approved May 13, 1901; (e) An Act to Provide for Publication of all Con- stitutional Amendments or other Public Measures required by law to be voted for, approved April 22, 1899. The above laws apply to and control elections in the entire State, except so far as they are modified or superseded by the following : The second class includes (a) An Act Regulating the Holding of Elections and Declaring the Result thereof in Cities, Villages, and Incorporated Towns in this State, approved June 19, 1885, as amended by various laws adopted since; (b) An Act approved March 3, 1887, Regulating the Holding of Elections for town, and school purposes where the Town or School District lies wholly or partly within any City or Village which has adopted the general city election laws named. The general city act (a) has been adopted by the people of the cities of Chicago and East St. Louis, and the town of Cicero, in Cook County, and within their territory the general State elec- tion laws are not in force so far as they are inconsistent with the general city election law. ELECTION LAWS 21 WHAT MAY BE SUBMITTED TO THE VOTERS FOR DE- CISION AT ELECTIONS 1. The selection of elective officials from the various counties, and other political divisions duly placed in nomination for office under the primary and election laws by the respective political parties or by action independent of such parties. 2. Questions of adoption or rejection of proposed amend- ments to the Constitution of the State, or other propositions or public measures required by law to be voted upon before adoption. 3. The expression of the opinion or desire of the voters upon any question of public policy submitted to them upon petition of ten per cent of the registered voters in the State, or twenty-five per cent in counties, cities, towns, villages, and school districts as authorized by the act of May 11, 1901. METHOD PROVIDED BY LAW FOR THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS Election Precincts. The State is divided into election pre- cincts, each containing as nearly as practicable 400 voters, each voter being required to vote within the precinct of his residence. Each town constitutes an election precinct in counties under town- ship organization, but the town may be divided into as many pre- cincts as the population justifies or requires. Each school district is an election precinct for some purposes. In counties under township organization the County Board of Supervisors divides the county into election precincts. In counties not under township organization, this is done by the Board of County Commissioners. In Cook County, the Board of County Commissioners divides the territory outside of the city of Chicago and town of Cicero into election precincts. In the city of Chicago, town of Cicero, and other cities and towns adopting the city election law, the Board of Election Commissioners divides the territory into election pre- cincts, containing 300 voters, as nearly as practicable. Polling Places. There must be a polling place in each election precinct, located upon the ground floor in the front room of a build- 22 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL ing with an entrance from the public street, the latter being at least forty feet in width, and the polling place must be as near the center of population of the election precinct as practicable. No election shall be held in a saloon, billiard hall, bowling alley, or any place used as a resort by idle persons or those of ill repute. Election Judges and Clerks. The County Board appoints three judges of election in each election precinct to see that the laws are strictly followed and enforced. Each judge must be a person of fair character, of approved integrity, well informed, able to write and speak the English language, and must be an elector in the precinct and have resided there for one year before the election. Not more than two persons of the same political party can be ap- pointed judges in the same precinct. They hold office for one year and until their successors are appointed. The town supervisor shall be appointed one of the judges for the precinct in which he resides. The judges of election so chosen may each choose a person of the same qualifications as the judges to act as clerk of election. The judges and clerks each take and sign an oath to support the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Illinois, to faithfully discharge their duties, that they have resided in the precinct one year, and are entitled to vote at that election. Constables. The County Board may appoint one or more constables to attend to each polling place, to preserve order. The judges of election may appoint a suitable person to act as special constable during the election. Registry of Voters. The registry law requires the judges of election in each precinct to meet on Tuesday three weeks before the election and make a register of all persons qualified to vote at the next election. This register must contain the names of all persons entitled to vote, alphabetically arranged in one column. In another column the residence of the voter, giving the number of the dwelling-house, and name of the street, if in a city, or other locality of the dwelling-place of the person if not in a city. One cpy of this register is filed with the proper city or village officer, another is kept by the judges for revision, and a third is posted in a conspicuous place in the precinct. ELECTION LAWS 23 The Board meets a second time before election for the purpose of revising, correcting, and completing the registry. When cor- rected the Board makes two copies of the same and files one in the office of the city or town clerk, and the other is used by the judges of election on election day. No registration of voters is required for town elections. Conduct of Election. The County Clerk must give at least thirty days' notice of any general election, and twenty days' notice of any special election, before it is held. Copies of this notice must be posted in three of the most public places in each precinct. On election day the polling place must be open, and the judges and clerks in attendance to receive votes from 7:00 o'clock A. M. to 5:00 o'clock P. M., of that day. In cities of Chicago and East St. Louis, and town of Cicero in Cook County, which have adopted the "City Election Law," the polls open at 6:00 A. M., and close at 4:00 P. M. Any other city or village in counties of the third class, viz.: Cook County, may by ordinance filed with the County Clerk adopt the same hours. Australian System. Balloting at general elections must con- form to what is called the "Australian Ballot Law," which pro- vides a system modelled upon a plan said to have been first used in Australia. The purpose of the law is to enable the voter to cast his ballot secretly so that no one save himself will know for whom he votes. This law was adopted in Illinois in 1891, has been up- held by the courts, and received general approval from the electors. It does not govern elections for trustees of schools, school directors, members of boards of education, or officers of road districts in counties not under township organization. _ Ballots. Under the Australian law the voting must be by ballots printed and distributed at the public expense. For all county and general elections therein the expense is borne by the county; for municipal elections, it is borne by the municipality. The names of all candidates to be voted for in each precinct must be printed on the ballot which is called the "Official Ballot," and for this the law provides in detail the kind of paper, and the size and style of type to be used, as well as its form. 24 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND^ CITIZENS' MANUAL As nearly as practicable the ballot shall be in the following form: O DEMOCRATIC. O REPUBLICAN. For Governor For Governor □ JOHN M. PALMER. □ JOSEPH W. FIFER. For Lieutenant Governor For Lieutenant Governor □ ANDREW J. BELL. Q LYMAN B. RAY. For Secretary of State For Secretary of State □ NEWELL D. RICKS. □ I. N. PEARSON. [And continuing in like manner as to all candidates to be voted for at such election.] If an amendment to the Constitution, or other public measure, has been proposed to be voted on at the election, a separate ballot must be provided, in form like the following: Proposed amendment to the Constitution (or other measure) (Here print the substance of the amendment or other measure) Yes. No. The elector shall designate his vote by a cross mark, thus: X. The said separate ballot shall be printed on paper of sufficient size so that when folded once it shall be large enough to contain the following words, which shall be printed on the back: "Ballot for Constitutional Amendment," or the name of any and all public meas- ures then to be voted on. By the original Australian ballot law of this State, the name of no candidate could be printed on the Official Ballot unless his nom- ination was made and certified as required by that law, which allowed the delegates in convention, or a caucus or meeting repre- senting any political party which had cast at least two per cent of the entire votes cast at the last general election in the electoral division or district for which the nomination was to be made, to make one nomination for each office. A sworn certificate of all such nominations to be filed containing the names of the candidate, the office for which each was nominated, the party they represented, and their places of residence with the street and number. ELECTION LAWS 25 The certificates of nomination were to be filed with the Secretary of State as to State offices or offices for a district greater than a county; with the City Clerk for city offices in cities of over 500,000 population; and all other certificates with the County Clerk; the same to be filed in each case thirty days before the day of election, but the certificates of nomination for candidates for offices in other cities and in villages and towns and for town officers in counties under township organization were to be filed with the clerks of the respective cities, villages, or towns fifteen days before election. Under the Primary Law of 1908 (see page 14,) these nomina- tions for candidates (except for electors of the President and Vice-President of the United States and Trustees of the University of Illinois, and township and school officers), are made by the people direct at the primary, and the candidates so selected must go on the Official Ballot for the general election, together with candi- dates nominated in the usual way for offices exempt from the primary law above mentioned, and independent candidates nominated by petition. The certificates of election of the various canvassing boards under the primary law take the place of the certificates of nomination formerly issued by the officers of the conventions, caucuses, or meetings. The Australian law (as amended in 1905) also provides that independent candidates for any office can have their names printed on the Official Ballot for the general election upon petition signed and filed as follows: For a State office signed by 1 ,000 qualified voters, For any office within a district or division less than a State and in cities having over 5,000 population, petition to be signed by one qualified voter out of each fifty who voted at the next preceding general election in such district, but in no case less than twenty-five, For offices in other cities and in any town, village, precinct or ward, petition to be signed by five per cent of the vote cast therein at the last preceding election. The petition is required to specify the office to which the party was nominated, the party or political principle he represents, and his place of residence with the street and number if any. Each 26 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL signer must add his place of residence to his signature and is for- bidden to sign for more than one nomination for each office. The petition must consist of sheets of uniform size, each sheet to be signed by an adult resident of the district for which the candi- date is nominated, certifying under oath that the signatures on that sheet were signed in his presence and were genuine: the sheets to be fastened together in book form and numbered consecutively. No person who has voted at a primary to nominate candidates for any office at any certain election is qualified to, sign the petition for a candidate for the same office to be voted on at the same elec- tion. The petitions for nomination are to be filed at the same place and within the same period before election as the certificates of nomination by convention or caucus above noted. This is the law controlling the nomination of independent candidates by petition now (1908) because in section 64 of the Primary Law of 1908, the right to nominate independent candidates " by petition as is now or may hereafter be provided by law " is expressly preserved. Voting on Election Day. The voter attends the polling place, gives his name and residence to the judges, one of whom there- upon announces it in a distinct voice and if the name is found on the register, the voter is given one ballot on the back of which one of the judges endorses his initials. If the voter's name is not found he can not vote unless he furnishes his affidavit in writing showing he is entitled to vote and prove the fact further by the oath of a householder and registered voter of the election precinct. These oaths can be administered by the judges and must be presented to them and they are judges of the sufficiency of the affidavit and of the right of such an applicant to vote. This is what is referred to as " swearing in a vote." In cities adopting the " City Elec- tion Law " no one can vote unless registered. A vote can not be sworn in on election day under that law. The voter retires with his ballot to one of the voting booths pre- pared at the polling place as required by law, and shows his choice of a candidate for each office by marking a cross in the proper square or place opposite the name of the candidate chosen by him for each office to be filled, or by writing in the name of the candidate of his choice in a blank space on the ticket, making a cross (X) ELECTION LAWS 27 opposite thereto if the name of the candidate is not printed. In like manner on the ballot relating to public questions or constitu- tional amendment, he writes in the appropriate square, or places a cross opposite the answer he desires to give on the question. Should the voter desire to vote for all the candidates of any one political party, he may place his mark or cross in the circular space opposite the name of such party at the head of the ballot. When the ballot is properly marked as the voter desires, he must fold it up in such a manner as to conceal the marks he has made. Then leaving the booth he gives the ballot to the judge in charge of the ballot-box who puts it in the box. The ballot-box is furnished by the County Board to the judges who keep the key. Each box has an opening in the lid only large enough to admit a single folded ballot, and each ballot voted must be put in the box through that opening. The County Clerk provides at the expense of the county proper blanks for each precinct, but in cities adopting the City Election Law the Election Commissioners furnish the blanks. The judges at the opening of the polls on election day should open and exhibit publicly the ballot-box as an assurance that there are no ballots inside, lock it and retain the key, not opening the same until after the closing of the polls. As the votes are cast each clerk is required to keep a poll list of the names of each person voting, in regular order. Counting the Votes and Certifying the Results. The judges canvass the votes at the closing of the polls, the clerks keeping records of the number of votes received by each candidate and making a certificate of the result as to each candidate, which the judges of the election sign in triplicate; one being given to the County Clerk, one sent by mail to the Secretary of State, and the other delivered to the Town Clerk in counties under township organ- ization, but is retained by one of the judges in counties not under township organization. Canvassing the Vote. The County Clerk of each county with the assistance of two Justices of the Peace of that county act as a canvassing board and within seven days after the election, this board must proceed to open the returns, make abstracts of the votes for each candidate, and. the County Clerk must issue certifi- 28 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL cates of election to the different candidates having the highest number of votes for the several county offices. The County Clerk must send a complete abstract of the votes for candidates for State officers to the Secretary of State to be canvassed by the State Canvassing Board, consisting of the Secretary of State, Auditor of Public Accounts, State Treasurer, and Attorney-General, who in the presence of the Governor, must proceed within twenty days after the election and sooner if all the returns are received, to canvass the votes for members of Congress and all State officers, and declare the persons having the highest number of votes for the respective offices to be elected. If the candidates for the same office have an equal number of votes, the Secretary of State decides by lot which are elected. The Governor gives the certificate of election or commission to each person elected and makes proclamation of the result of the canvass of the vote cast upon amendments to the Constitution or public question submitted. CITY ELECTION LAW MANNER OF CONDUCTING ELECTIONS IN CITIES, VILLAGES AND INCORPORATED TOWNS In cities which have adopted the general city election law, there is a Board of Election Commissioners created, consisting of three members who are appointed by the County Court. Two members of this Board at least must always be selected from the two leading political parties of the State, one from each of them, and they must all be qualified voters and householders, residing in the city, of known political convictions, of integrity, and capacity. They choose one of their number as chairman and another as sec- retary. They must maintain a suitable office for their business and keep it open every day during business hours, except holidays and Sundays. The Board of Election Commissioners in such cities divides the territory into election precincts, each of which contains as nearly as practicable not more than three hundred voters. The Board also selects three judges of election for each precinct from the electors in the precinct to be chosen at least 60 days before the election. The judges of election must be citizens of the United States, legal voters of good character and repute, and be able to speak, read, and write the English language, and be familiar with the arithmetical rules of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The Board also selects two clerks for each precinct having the same qualifications as the judges. The appointment of the judges and clerks so chosen is subject to confirmation by the County Court. The Board fixes the place of registry and the polling place in each pre- cinct, and gives notice thereof and is responsible for the fitness and proper condition of these places, and for the conduct of the elections. Registration of Voters. In the city this is more carefully governed than in other districts. A special book of registry is pro- vided and the voter must appear before the board in person and submit to examination as to his qualifications, at one of the two meetings of the Board for registration purposes. The first is held 29 30 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AXD CITIZEXS' MANUAL the Saturday next before the Tuesday four weeks before election, and the second on the Tuesday three weeks before election. After the second day of registration, the clerks must call at each dwelling- house and verify the residence of the voter as registered and notify all those whose address is incorrectly given. The voter so notified must appear before the election officers of the precinct on the Saturday following and explain, or his name is erased from the register. The election officers in each precinct hold a third meeting on the Saturday following the last day of registration. Under this law the voter must be registered or he cannot vote. A new general registration must be made in every year of a Congressional election in the same manner. At every election between the general registrations, the registry list is revised on the Tuesday three weeks before election day at which time additional names may be added to the list. Hours of Voting. The polls are open from six o'clock A. M. until four o'clock P. M. in Chicago and East St. Louis and in al villages, towns, and cities in Cook County where they have adopted these hours by ordinance, during which time no judge or clerk can be absent for more than five minutes at a time. When the polls are closed the votes must be canvassed by the judges, who can not adjourn or postpone the canvass until it has been completed. Their statements or certificates of the result in duplicate must be enclosed in envelopes and sealed up, one directed to the County Clerk and one to the City Comptroller, placed in the ballot-box which is locked and sealed and delivered by one of the judges to the Election Commissioners, who with the County Judge and City Attorney act as a canvassing board and within seven days open all returns and make abstracts or statements of the results and declare the same, which become a matter of record in the County Court. The certi- ficates of election as to all county, town, and city officers are issued by the County Clerk, who also transmits the abstracts or statements of the Board of Canvassers as to votes cast for State, Congressional, Senatorial, Judicial, and County officers and Electors to the Sec- retary of State and these are used in determining the results of the election as to all State officers, Congressional, Senatorial, Judicial, and County officers, and Presidential Electors. LIST OF COUNTIES IN ILLINOIS SHOWING THE ORIGIN OF NAME, COUNTY SEAT AND POPULATION IN 1900. The seventeen counties marked * are not under township organization. The other 85 have adopted township organization. Counties. Origin of Name. Estab'd County Seat. Pop. 1900 Adams * Alexander. . Bond Boone Brown Bureau *Calhoun .... Carroll *Cass.. ...... Champaign . Christian. . . Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook Crawford. . . Cumberland DeKalb DeWitt ... Douglas .... DuPage ... Edgar *Edwards . . . Effingham. . Fayette Ford Franklin.. . . Fulton Gallatin . . . Greene Grundy . . . Hamilton. . . Hancock . . . *Hardin Henderson. . Henry Iroquois. . . . Jackson. . . . Jasper Jefferson . . . Jersey Jo Daviess. . *Johnson. . . . John Quincy Adams William M. Alexander , Gov. Shadrach Bond Daniel Boone Gen. Jacob Brown Pierre de Buero, Ind. trader John C. Calhoun Chas. Carroll, of Carrollton . Gen. Lewis Cass C county in Ohio A county in Kentucky George Rogers Clark Henry Clay DeWitt Clinton Gov. Edward Coles Daniel P. Cook William H. Crawford Cumberland Road Baron DeKalb DeWitt Clinton Stephen A. Douglas DuPage river John Edgar Gov. Ninian Edwards Gen. Edward Effingham . . . Marquis de La Fayette Gov. Thomas Ford Benjamin Franklin Robert Fulton Albert Gallatin (lea. Nathaniel Greene Felix Grundy Alexander Hamilton John Hancock A county in Kentucky Henderson river Patrick Henry Indian name Andrew Jackson Sergt. William Jasper Thomas Jefferson New Jersey Col. Jo Daviess Col. Richard M. Johnson.. . . Jan. Mar. Jan. Mar. Feb. Feb. Jan. Feb. Mar. Feb. Feb. Mar. Dec. Dec. Dec. Jan. Dec. Mar. Mar. Mar. Feb. Feb. Jan. Nov. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. Sep. Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Mar. Jan. Jan.* Feb. Jan. Feb. Mar. Feb. Feb. Sept. 1825 1819 1817 1837 1839 1837 1825 1839 1837 1833 1839 1819 1*24 1824 1830 1831 1816 1843 183 1839 1859 1839 1823 1814 1S31 1821 1859 1818 1823 1812 1821 1841 1821 1825 1839 1841 1825 1S33 1816 1831 1819 1839 182 1812 Quincy Cairo. Greenville. . . . Belvidere Mt.- Sterling. . Princeton. . . . Hardin Mt. Carroll.. . Virginia Urbana Taylorville. . . Marshall Louisville. . . . Carlyle Charleston. . . . Chicago Robinson Toledo Sycamore. . . . Clinton Tuscola Wheaton Paris Albion Effingham.. . . Vandalia Paxton Benton Lewistown. . . Shawneetown Carrolton Morris McLeansboro Carthage Elizabethto'n Oquawka Cambridge . . . Watseka Murphysboro Newton Mt. Vernon.. . Jerseyville. . . . Galena Vienna 67,058 19,384 16,078 15,791 11,557 41,112 8,917 18,963 17,222 47,622 32,790 24,033 19,553 19,824 34,146 ,838,735 19,240 16,124 31,756 18,972 19,097 28,196 28,273 10,345 20,465 28,065 1S.359 19,675 46,201 15,836 23,402 24,136 20,197 32,215 7,448 10,836 40,049 38,014 33,871 20,160 28,133 14,612 24,533 15,667 31 32 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Counties. Origin of Name. Estab'd County Seat. Pop. 1900 Kane Kankakee.. . Kendall. . . . Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence. . . Lee Livingston. . Logan Macon.. . . . . Macoupin.. . Madison Marion Marshall. . . . Mason *Massac McDonough McHenry. . . McLean. . . . *Menard Mercer *Monroe Montgomery *Morgan Moultrie. . . . Ogle ; Peoria *Perrv Piatt Pike *Pope * Pulaski Putnam. . . . *Randolph. . . Richland . . . Rock Island Saline Sangamon. . Schuvler. . . . *Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair.... Stephenson. Tazewell. . . . *Union.. Vermilion. . . * Wabash. . . . Warren . . . . Washington Wayne White. . . . . . Whiteside . . Will Williamson Winnebago Woodford . . Senator Elias K. Kane Indian name Amos Kendall Gen. Henry Knox Lake Michigan LaSalle, the explorer Com. James Lawrence Richard Henry Lee Edward Livingston Dr. John Logan Nathaniel Macon Indian name James Madison Gen. Francis Marion John Marshall A county in Kentucky Fort Massac Com. Thomas McDonough... Gen. William McHenry John McLean Pierre Menard Gen. Hugh Mercer James Monroe Gen. Richard Montgomery . . Gen. Daniel Morgan. Gen. William Moultrie Lieut. Joseph Ogle Indian name Com. Oliver H. Perry Benjamin Piatt Zebulon M. Pike Nathaniel Pope Count Casimir Pulaski Gen. Israel Putnam Edmund Randolph A county in Ohio Island of same name Saline creek Indian name Gen. Philip Schuyler A county in Kentucky Gov. Isaac Shelby Gen. John Stark Gen. Arthur St. Clair Col.Benjamin Stephenson. . Gov. Lyttleton W. Tazewell The Enion Vermilion river Indian name Gen. Joseph Warren George Washington Gen. Anthony Wayne Capt. Leonard White Col. Samuel Whiteside Conrad Will A county in Tennessee Indian name. . A county in Kentucky Jan. Feb. Feb. Jan. Mar. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. Sept. Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Jan. Jan. Dec. Feb. Jan. Jan. Feb. Jan. Feb. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Mar. Jan. Oct. Feb. Feb. Feb. Jan. Jan. Feb. Jan. Mar. Apr. Mar. Jan. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Mar. Dec. Jan. Jan. Feb. Jan. Feb. 836 853 S41 825 839 831 821 S3? 839 S29 829 812 823 839 S41 S43 826 836 830 839 825 816 821 S23 S43 836 825 827 841 821 816 843 S25 795 S41 831 847 821 825 839 S2 839 790 83 82 818 S26 824 825 818 819 815 S36 S36 S39 836 S41 Geneva Kankakee. . . . Yorkville Galesburir . . Waukegan. . . . Ottawa Lawrenceville Dixon Pontiac Lincoln Decatur Carlinville. . . . Edwardsville . Salem Lacon Havana Metropolis.. . . Macomb Woodstock. . . Bloomington Petersburg. . . Aledo Waterloo . . . Hillsboro Jacksonville. . Sullivan Oregon Peoria Pinckneyville Monticello. . . . Pittsfield Golconda Mound City . . Hennepin. . . . Chester Olney Rock Island . Harrisburg. . . Springfield. . . Rushville Winchester . . Shelby ville. . . Toulon Belleville Freeport Pekin Jonesboro. . . . Danville Mt Carmel . . . Monmouth . . . Nashville. . . . Fairfield Carmi Morrison Joliet Marion Rockord Eureka 78,792 37,154 11.467 43,612 34,503 S7.776 16,523 29,894 42,035 2S.6S0 44,003 42.256 64,694 30,446 16,370 17,491 13,110 28,412 29,759 67,843 14,336 20,945 13,847 30,836 35,006 15,224 29.129 88,608 19,830 17,706 31,595 13,585 14.554 4,746 28,001 16,391 55.249 21,685 71.593 16,129 10.455 32,126 10,180 86,685 31.2SS 33.221 22,610 65,635 12,583 23,163 19,526 27.626 25,386 34,710 74.764 27.796 47,845 21,822 MAP OF ILLINOIS SHOWING PRESENT COUNTY BOUNDARIES AND DATE OF ORGANIZATION OF EACH COUNTY 1905. TOWNSHIP AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT The expression used by President Lincoln at Gettysburg, that this is a government of the people, by the people, and for the peo- ple, is the briefest and best possible description of the government of the people, of the State of Illinois, which is more often referred to as a government based upon the principle of local self-govern- ment . Local self-government in this country at a very early date took on two principal forms which with some changes have continued in nearly all the States to the present time. These two forms are what is called "town government," and "county government." The county is of early English origin dating before the English mon- archy. It was introduced into Virginia and other southern colonies on the Atlantic Coast under special charters or grants of lands therein by the English' monarch to those who settled that region. At the time of the Revolution and of the formation of the United States, Illinois was part of what was then called the " Northwest Territory," and belonged to the Virginia colony. The southern portion of Illinois having been settled in the early days mainly by colonists coming from the south and east of the Ohio River, the county form of government used in Virginia was very naturally adopted as the unit of local government in that part of Illinois. The town government was introduced by the New England colonists, the name being derived from a very common English word, but the method or system of town government arose in this country from the exigencies of the situation in which the colonists found themselves. The town government had its foundation in the church, and school life. The people governed directly through the town meetings in which each citizen voted, and took part, and in which taxes were levied, and officials were appointed to carry out the will of the people. Northern and central Illinois was largely settled by descendants of the New England colonists who brought to this State and perpetuated here the principle of town government. The local government in Virginia counties aside from matters 34 TOWNSHIP AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT 35 relating to the church was carried on, by county officers originally appointed by the Governor of the colony, who held his office and powers from the crown, and later they were appointed by their associates, from which it will be seen that the people as a whole in those counties did not have direct or local self-government in the true sense. These two systems of town and county government existed in Illinois at the time of its admission as a State, and the adoption of the first Constitution April 18, 1818. This Constitution recognized only the county as the unit for local government, and made no mention of cities or other municipalities, but the natural rivalry between the southern and northern ideas upon the subject of local govern- ment continued, and was greatly affected by the system of land sur- veys provided for by the Federal government for lands in Illinois and other western states, by which the public lands were divided into tracts containing thirty-six sections or square miles called townships, a name no doubt drawn from the New England town and used only for the purpose of describing lands as a part of the gov- ernment subdivisions. In Illinois, one section (No. 16) in each township was expressly granted to the State to be used for the sup- port of schools in the township by the act enabling the formation of the State. The rivalry between these two forms of local government caused the Constitution of 1848 to recognize both systems, and preserve both the county and town systems of local government. It directed that the legislature should pass laws allowing any county to organ- ize into townships when a majority of the voters desired. Under that Constitution and the laws subsequently adopted, the northern counties organized under the township plan adopting that form of local government. The value and fitness of the township organi- zation and government has been shown by its adoption by even the larger part of the southern counties since that time, and at present while there are 102 counties in this State, but 17 retain the old county organization, 85 having adopted the township form. The above will explain what is meant in this Handbook and in the laws of the State by the expressions "counties not having township organization," and "counties having township organiza- 36 VOTERS 1 HAXDBOOK AXD CITIZEXS' MAXUAL tion," the ancient forms of government being plainly visible in each but changed to meet modern' conditions. The officials of counties having no township organization are elected by the people, but as these officials act for them, the people have no such direct voice in local affairs or business as is reserved to the people of the townships in counties having township organ- ization. Since the admission of the State into the Union in 1818, an- other form of local self-government has arisen and is now very generally adopted, that of cities, villages, and incorporated towns. In the early history of the State, these municipalities, so-called, were often created by special acts of the legislature, but general laws for their formation and control were authorized by the Con- stitution of 1870, by which special charters for such local govern- ment bodies were forbidden, and the legislature directed to adopt general laws governing that subject. Such a law was adopted in 1872. These municipalities are not governed directly by the people, but by officials elected by the people under the grant by the legis- lature, of the powers of self-government specified in the general law. (See page 47 of this Handbook further as to cities.) There is one principle common to all these systems of local gov- ernment, however, and that is the division of the powers of govern- ment into three departments, viz.: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, as in the State and Federal governments under their respective Constitutions. In the town, the town meeting is the legislative branch, the Supervisor, Town Clerk, Collector, etc., the executive, and the Justices of the Peace, the judicial. From this the reader will readily recognize the same division in the government of the city, village, and incorporated town. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS VOTED FOR IN ILLINOIS QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED, WHEN THEY ARE ELECTED, AND THEIR DUTIES TOWNSHIP OFFICERS # Except in towns in cities of over 50,000 pop.) (Chicago and Peoria.) All the counties are divided into three classes according to popu- lation, for the purpose of fixing fees and salaries of county and township officers, viz.: 1st class, having not to exceed 25,000 population. 2d class, having more than 25,000 and not over 100,000 popu- lation. 3d class, having over 100,000 population, (includes Cook County, which is the only county of this class). Highway Commissioner. Holds office three years. There are three in each town (except in towns wholly in cities of over 50,000 population. Office abolished in those towns). Com- pensation provided by law r , $2.00 per day for each day necessarily employed in their duties. Qualifications. No person shall be eligible to any town office unless he shall be a legal voter, and have been one year a resident of such town. Election. In counties under township organization, there shall be elected in each town, at the annual town meeting each year, one commissioner of highways, who shall hold his office three years. Duties. To lay out, alter, widen, or vacate roads in, and have charge of the roads and bridges of, their respective towns, and keep same in repair and improve them so far as practic- 37 38 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS 7 MANUAL able, and prosecute suits for all fines and penalties arising under "Roads and Bridges" laws. They may enter upon lands of others, doing no unneces- sary damage, and take material needed to construct or repair roads, after offering or making payment of damages agreed upon. If parties cannot agree on damage or value, the com- missioners may have value fixed by condemnation suit. Pound Master. Holds office for one year. Is paid by fees and charges fixed by Highway Commissioners, who in case of a vacancy may fill this office by appointment until the next annual town election. Qualifications. He must be a legal voter and have been one year a resident of the town. Election. At the annual town election. Duties. To enforce the law forbidding certain animals to run at large in this State. Constable. Holds office four years. Two are elected in each town and one for each 1,000 population over 2,500 inhabitants. Term begins the first Monday in May, but in counties not under township organization two are elected in each election precinct and term begins on the first Monday in December. No town shall have more than five constables. (In towns forming part of the city of Chicago, the office of constable was abolished after December 1, 19C6, and their duties are now performed by Bailiff of Municipal Court.) Constables have no salary, but are paid by fees fixed by law which they may collect. Qualifications. Same as Highway Commissioner. Election. First Tuesday in April, 1909, and every fourth year thereafter at election for town officers in counties under township organization, and at regular November election same year in counties not under township organization. Duties. Must take the oath required by the Constitution and give bond $2,000 to S10,000 within twenty days, approved by County Clerk. When any criminal offense or breach of peace is committed or attempted in his presence, forthwith to apprehend the offender and take him before a magistrate; LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS 39 to suppress riots and unlawful assemblies, and to keep the peace, and without delay serve and execute all warrants, writs, precepts, and other process to him lawfully directed; pay over all collections made by him; and give information under Game law. Justice of the Peace. He is commissioned by the Governor. The number in each town (save in Chicago, where the office has been abolished) and term of office, date of beginning of term, etc., is same as constable. (See above.) He has no salary but is paid by fees fixed by law. Qualifications. He must reside in the county, and town or district for which he is elected, and have been one year a resident of the town or district, and be a legal voter. Election. Same time and manner as Constable. Duties. To take oath and give bond same as constable; to keep the peace; to hold court in his county, and keep a docket of all actions commenced before him; exercise the jurisdic- tion given by law; issue writs and warrants for arrest on complaint to him on oath and examine persons charged with crime; act as a member of boards of Auditors and of Appoint- ment in his town; to pay over moneys received by him as required by law; post in his office at least once every three months list of all witness fees in his hands, and the names of the persons to whom they belong, etc.; return to Clerk of Court to which appeal is taken, when he returns the papers in the case, the names of all material witnesses; also to ex- ercise powers and perform other duties prescribed by " Roads and Bridges" laws. Town Collector. Holds office one year. No salary is given but collector is allowed to retain out of taxes a commission of two per cent, not to exceed $1,500, on amount collected. County Board may allow more if they think above insufficient. In cities, and towns in counties having over 25,000 popu- lation, the Council or Trustees fix the collector's fees, not to exceed two per cent. Qualifications. Same as other town officers. (See Highway Commissioner.) 40 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Election. At the annual town meeting in each town on the first Tuesday in April. Duties. To take the oath of office required by the Revenue law, and give bond with two sureties, approved by County Board or the Supervisor and Town Clerk of his town, for double the amount of taxes to be collected in the town. This bond is recorded and is made a lien on the real estate of the collector. To call at County Clerk's office on January 2d in each year, and obtain the tax books and warrant to collect;, to collect all taxes levied on both real and personal property entered on tax books; to levy by distress and sale of goods and chattels of such persons as neglect or refuse to pay per- sonal property tax; to pay over taxes collected (after de- ducting his compensation) to the proper officers, the amount belonging to each. Town Assessor. Holds office one year. He receives $2.50 per day for time necessarily employed in towns of less than 50,000 population, and $3 in towns of that size in Cook County. His pay in counties not under township organi- zation is fixed by the County Board. Qualifications. Same as other town officers. (See Highway Commissioner.) Election. At annual town meeting on first Tuesday in April. Duties. Take the special oath of office prescribed by the Revenue law, and assess and fix the value for purposes of taxation of all the real and personal property in his town. He may appoint deputies with advice and consent of chair- man of the County Board, or Board of Town Auditors. Town Clerk. Holds office one year. He receives $2.50 per day for business out of the town, and $1.50 per day while serving in the town, and may also collect fees fixed by law for certain services to the public. Qualifications. Same as other town officers. (See Highway Commissioner.) Election. Elected at annual town meeting on first Tuesday in April. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS 41 Duties. He must take the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution. He has custody of all records, books, and papers of the town; shall file all certificates, oaths, and other papers required by law; keep a record of the minutes of the proceedings of every town meeting, etc.; enter every order or direction and all by-laws, rules, etc.; deliver to the Supervisor, before annual meeting of County Board, certi- fied copies of all entries of votes for raising money, made since the last annual meeting of County Board; and an- nually certify to the County Clerk the amount of taxes required to be raised for all purposes. He may administer oaths, and take affidavits, and is one of the Board of Town Auditors. Supervisor. Holds office for two years. (In Cook County one year.) The supervisors in counties having township organization are classified by the County Board by lot, the supervisors of each town being divided into two equal classes as nearly as may be. One class goes out of office each year. Re- ceives $2.50 per day for services when rendered out of the town and $1.50 per day for service in the town. He also receives $2.50 per day for attending meetings of the County Board, and $1.50 per day while serving as member of either of the Boards of Appointment and of Health. Qualifications. Same as Highway Commissioner. Election. By ballot at the annual town meeting on the first Tuesday in April. Penalty of $25 if he refuses to serve when elected. Duties. To take and file the oath of office required by the Con- stitution; give bond to the town in double the amount of money he may receive, to be approved by the Town Clerk; to receive and pay out all moneys except those for roads and highways; prosecute for penalties; keep accounts, make annual settlement of same, and attend all meetings of the County Board. He is ex officio overseer of poor for town. Assistant Supervisor. Term of office and compensation for attend- ing County Board same as Supervisor. In any city or town of 4,000 people not included in the 42 VOTERS' II AS D BOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL limits of any town, except in Cook County, there shall be one additional (or assistant) supervisor; in towns of 6,500 inhabitants there shall be two assistant supervisors; and for every 2,500 additional inhabitants there shall be elected one additional supervisor. Qualifications. Same as Supervisor. Election. Same as Supervisor. Duties. To take and file the oath of office. He has no power or duty to receive or pay out money — law requiring bond from Supervisor does not apply to him. He is a member of, and attends the meetings of, the County Board, but has no other power or duties as a town officer. Supervisors in Cook County. They are elected in towns outside of Chicago the same as in other counties under township organization, and they perform the same duties as super- visors in such other counties, except that they are not members of the County Board, nor do they have any power as such. Their compensation for service they render is the same as that given to other supervisors for like services. They hold office one year. Township Trustees of Schools. Each congressional township is an established township for school purposes. There are three trustees in each township and they form a corporation by the name of "Trustees of Schools, Township No. , Range No. ," according to the number. They hold office for three years. One is chosen each year. No com- pensation is allowed by law. Qualifications. Trustees must be 21 years of age and reside in the township. Where there are three or more districts in the township, no two of the trustees can be residents of the same district. One can not be trustee of schools and school director at the same time. Any woman, married or single, 21 years of age, is eligible to any office under the school laws of this State if she possesses the qualifications prescribed for the office. Election. Held on the second Saturday in April annually. The Trustees of Schools present at the election act as judges LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS 43 of election and choose a person to act as clerk of 'election. In counties having township organization each town as so organized whose boundaries coincide with the congressional township boundaries elects trustees at the same time and in the same manner as town officers, viz.: first Tuesday in April. Duties. To elect one of their number President; to elect some person not a director or trustee as Treasurer, who shall be Clerk of the Board and custodian of all funds, and the trustees shall attend to all school business of the township, and divide among the districts the funds raised for school purposes. They have power to buy, sell, or lease real estate for school purposes. School Directors. The congressional or school township is sub- divided into school districts for the convenience of the inhabitants for school purposes. These are designated or known by numbers and may be changed in size by the trus- tees on petition of a majority of the legal voters of the dis- tricts affected. In school districts having a population of less than 1,000 inhabitants and not governed by special acts now in force in relation to free schools there is elected a board of directors of three members who form a corporation by the name of "School Directors of School District No. , Township No. , Range No. , County of , Illi- nois." No compensation is allowed by law. Qualifications. Any person, male or female, married or single, 21 years of age, and a resident of the school district, who is able to read and write in the English language, is eligible, but no person can be a school director who is a member of the Board of School Trustees. Election. Annually on the third Saturday in April one director is elected in each district and holds office for three years. Duties. To appoint one of their number President and another Clerk of the Board of Directors, who shall keep a record of all their official acts ; to make an annual report to the voters present at the annual election of directors; to report to the County Superintendent the names and periods of their 44 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL engagement of persons employed as teachers; to provide revenue for maintaining free schools of the district; to establish and keep in operation at least for 110 days in each year a sufficient number of schools for all children in the district over six years of age and under 21; and to secure for all such children the right of equal education in such schools; to adopt and enforce rules for the government of the schools; to visit and inspect schools; to appoint all teachers; to fix their salaries; to purchase text-books for ■ those whose parents are not able to buy them; to pay teachers' wages monthly, and post at the annual election a copy of the township Treasurer's report of finances of the district on the front door of the building where the election is held. Many other powers are given school directors in detail, including the control of the teachers, management of the schools, the building and maintenance of the school buildings, and the power to borrow money to purchase sites, build and repair school houses, etc. Members of High School Board of Education. In townships hav- ing township High Schools, there shall be a Board of Education of five members. No compensation is allowed by law. Qualifications. None other than those of a general nature required of school and town officers. Election. On the second Saturday of April in each year, two members are elected, save that in the third year counting from date of formation of the High School District, but one member is elected. Powers and Duties. For the purpose of building school houses and supporting schools in the territory for which the High School is established, that territory is regarded as a school district and the High School Board of Education has for high school purposes the same powers and duties in all respects for such high school district as school directors have in ordinary school districts, OFFICERS OF CITIES, VILLAGES, AND INCORPO- RATED TOWNS The city, village, or incorporated town may exist in, and as a part of, a congressional or other township, or be composed of one or more townships or parts of townships. With few exceptions, the township officers retain their offices, powers, and duties in the town- ships included in whole or in part within the city, village, or incor- porated town. These exceptions are in the laws referred to below relating to cities of 50,000 population or over." The distinction must be kept in mind between cities, towns, and villages as incorporated municipalities having the broad general grant of powers by the legislature covering the entire subject of local municipal control or government, and the ordinary township which is a distinct municipal body for school purposes and as a township under the "Township Organization Law," but beyond that is merely a given area of land composed of sections or other governmental divisions. On January 1, 1908, there were in Illinois 1,058 incorporated cities, towns, and villages. Of these there are approximately 200 cities, 80 towns, 770 villages, and 8 incorporations of a miscel- laneous character. Of these 1,058 organizations, one city (Chicago) exceeds 125,000 (census of 1900 shows 1,698,575, or more than 35 per cent of the entire population of the State) ; one city (Peoria) has over 50,000; five other cities have each more than 25,000; four others have each more than 20,000; fourteen others have each more than 10,000; twenty-seven cities have each over 5,000 and less than 10,000; of the remaining 1,006 municipalities, none have 5,000, and 680 of these have each a population of less than 1,000. The acts of the legislature relating to cities classify these municipalities according to population for many purposes. One class, that having a population of 50,000 or over, is subject to many provisions of law different from al. others. Chicago and Peoria only are within that class. Another class, cities having a population of 125,000 or over (of which Chicago is at present 45 46 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL the only example) is affected by numerous laws relating only to that class. The larger number (994) of these municipalities are either organ- ized under the general city and village act of 1872 or have adopted it since its passage, and that law is the foundation or framework of the system of government of these municipalities, although many, like Chicago, have special charters given prior to the adoption of the city and village act, which still apply to, and control, their government, except so far as the special charters are inconsistent with the general city and village act where that has been adopted. The following list is based upon the general laws in force governing cities, villages, and incorporated towns. The officials and system applicable to Chicago are given on another page. The city and village acts are a grant or recognition and regu- lation by the people of the State, acting through the legislature, of the power and right of self-government to the people of any given locality under such forms and conditions as are given in the acts. The acts adopt for local self-government the system of three divisions or departments of government, legislative, executive, and judicial, shown in the Federal and State Constitutions and systems of government, the City Council in cities and Board of Trustees in villages and towns being the legislative branch, the Mayor or President, the executive, and the City Courts, Justices of the Peace, and Police Magistrate, the judicial. ELECTIVE CITY OFFICERS Members of the Board of Education. Incorporated cities, villages, and towns, except such as have charge of free schools by special laws, remain parts of the school townships in which they are situated, except that in school districts having more than 1,000 and not over 100,000 inhabitants and not gov- erned by any special act in relation to free schools now in force, there are elected instead of the directors provided by law in other districts, a Board of Education to consist of a President, and six members, and three members for every additional 10,000 inhabitants. OFFICERS OF CITIES AND VILLAGES 47 The President holds office one year. Members of Board hold office for three years. No compensation is allowed by law. Qualifications. None specially given for this office, but as they are elected instead of school directors, their qualifica- tions are held to be the same. (See School Directors.) Election. On the third Saturday of April in each year, one- third of the members are elected for three years, and a President for one year. Duties and Powers. They are given generally all the powers of school directors and specifically the power and duty to establish and support free schools; buy or lease sites for school houses; to build school houses; to levy taxes for schools; employ teachers, and to control and manage the free schools in their districts. City Treasurer. Holds office for two years. Salary is fixed by ordinance and cannot be changed during his term of office. Qualifications. Must be a qualified elector of the city and have resided therein at least one year next preceding the election, and must not be a defaulter to the corporation. He can not hold this office two terms in succession, or hold another city office at same time. Election. Third Tuesday in April, 1909, and every second year thereafter. Duties. To take and file with the Clerk the oath of office pre- scribed by the city and village act; give such bond as the ordinance may require, but not less than the estimated amount of taxes and assessments for the current year; receive and keep all moneys of city; give receipts for moneys paid in; keep books of account; make reports, and pay out moneys only on warrants issued by the Mayor and Clerk. City Attorney. Term two years. Salary is fixed by ordinance but can not be changed during his term of office. Qualifications. Same as City Treasurer, save that Attorney is eligible to more than one term. Election. Same as other city officers. 48 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Duties. Take oath and give bond. (See City Treasurer.) He shall perform such duties as the Council or Trustees shall by ordinance require. City Clerk. Term two years. Salary is fixed by ordinance. Qualifications. Same as City Attorney. Election. Same as other city officers. Duties. Take and file with City Treasurer the oath and give bond (see City Treasurer); keep the city seal and papers; attend and keep minutes of proceedings of all meetings of City Council or Village Board of Trustees, and record all ordinances passed. He has power to administer oaths. City Alderman. Holds office two years. No salary allowed, but he may be allowed by ordinance $3 for each meeting of council attended in cities of less than 350,000 population. In others he may receive not to exceed $1,500 per annum. Cities' are divided by the City Council into wards as nearly equal in population and of compact and contiguous territory as possible. Two aldermen are elected from each ward. The terms of office are so divided that each ward elects an alderman each year. Qualifications. Same as other city officers. (See City Attorney.) He must reside in ward from which elected. Election. Same time as other city officers. Duties. Is member of City Council; is a conservator of the peace with power to arrest without process all violators of law. Police Magistrate. Holds office four years. Is commissioned by the Governor. He has no salary but is allowed the same fees as justices of the peace. Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in this state one year next before his elec- tion, and must reside in the county or district from which he is elected and be a voter therein. Election. Third Tuesday in April, or at the regular city elec- tion. Powers and Duties. The same as other justices of the peace. He must take the oath required by the Constitution and give OFFICERS OF CITIES AND VILLAGES 49 bond to the people to be filed with County Clerk. Police Magistrates in cities lying in two or more counties may have their office in that county in which is situated the seat of the city government, irrespective of where he resides, and he has the same jurisdiction in the township where the seat of the municipal government is situated as justices of the peace would have; also jurisdiction in municipal matters arising within the limits of such city which would be within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace. Mayor. Holds office two years. Salary is fixed by ordinance, and can not be changed during his term of office. Qualifications. Must be a citizen of the United States, a qualified elector, and reside in city limits. Election. Same time as other city officers. Duties. Is chief executive officer of the city; presides at all meetings of the City Council and where there is a tie may give casting vote; may appoint, and remove certain officers; has power of sheriff to keep the peace and preserve order; may arrest without process; see that the laws are executed, and generally perform the duties prescribed for him by law or by the city ordinances; he may release persons imprisoned for violating city ordinances and may administer oaths. He may veto any ordinance passed by the Council or any one or more items of an appropriation ordinance which can then only be passed by the Council by vote of two-thirds its members. Should take and file the oath prescribed for city officers, and give bond, not less than $3,000, as re- quired by ordinances. CITY COURTS At the time of the adoption of the State Constitution of 1870, certain courts existed in some of the cities in the State, called City Courts. These were continued by that Constitution until they should be abolished by the qualified voters of the said cities. Other similar courts may now be established under the act of May 10, 1901, changing the act of March 26, 1874. 50 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Such a court has within the city where it exists the same juris- diction in all civil, and criminal cases arising in the city as the cir- cuit court has, and also of appeals from justices of the peace in said city. The procedure and practice being the same as the circuit courts so far as may be. Such courts now exist in the cities of Alton in Madison County, Aurora in Kane County, Canton in Fulton County, Chicago Heights in Cook County, East St. Louis in St. Clair County, Elgin in Kane County, Litchfield in Montgomery County, Mattoon in Coles County, Paha in Christian County, and Zion in Lake County. Judge of the City Court. Holds office for a term of four years: In cities having a population of not over 5,000, salary S500 per annum. In cities having a population of 5,000 to 8,000, salary SI, 500 per annum. In cities having a population of 8,000 to 25,000, salary $2,000 per annum. In cities having a population of over 25,000, salary $3,000 per annum. Qualifications. Same as Circuit Judge. Election. In the same manner as city officers are elected, but is not elected at the same time. The corporate authorities of the city are directed by law to order and fix the time of the election of the judge. Duties. He shall perform the same duties, and have the same powers as a circuit judge ; may interchange with judges of the Circuit, County and Probate Courts, and the Superior Court of Cook County, and may appoint a Master in Chancery, and a court reporter. Clerk of the City Court. Holds office for a term of four years. No salary but is entitled to collect same fees as clerk of the circuit court. Qualifications. Same as Circuit Clerk. (Law mentions none.) Election. He is elected in the same manner as the judge of the city court, and at the same time. OFFICERS OF CITIES AND VILLAGES 51 Duties. To take the oath of office, give bond the same as a clerk of a circuit court. He is given the same powers and required to perform the same duties, and is subject to the same liabilities with reference to the city court as is provided by law for the circuit clerk in relation to the circuit courts. ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF VILLAGES AND INCOR- PORATED TOWNS Trustees. There are six trustees who are divided into two equal classes. One class of three is elected each year, arjd holds office two years. Compensation same as Alderman in cities. Trustees shall not receive pay for more than one meeting in each week. Qualifications. Must be qualified electors of the village and have resided therein at least one year next preceding the election. Election. Held on the third Tuesday of April in each year, except that where the village limits coincide with the limits of the township, the village election is held at the same time as the annual township election, viz., on the first Tuesday of April each year. Powers and Duties. The trustees are a municipal corporation by the name and style of "The Village of ," and have the powers of cities of limited population. They may ap- point a treasurer, and one or more street commissioners, a village marshal, and other necessary village officers, and prescribe their duties and compensation. They are con- servators of the peace, and may arrest without process. President of Village or Incorporated Town. Holds office one year. Compensation is fixed by ordinance but cannot exceed $2,000 per annum. Qualifications. Same as Village Trustee. Election. The third Tuesday of April, or at the regular elec- tion of the village or town, if at an earlier date under the law controlling elections for village trustees. Powers and Duties. He is president of the Board of Trustees of the village or town, and has the same powers, including veto powers, and performs the same duties as a Mayor as well as those given by law to president of the Board of Trustees in villages, but he does not vote at meetings of the 52 ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF VILLAGES 53 board except [in case of a tie, when' he gives the~casting vote. Should take the oath of office required by the city and village act, and give bond. Police Magistrate. Holds office four years. Is commissioned by the Governor. He has no salary but is allowed the same fees as justices of the peace. Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in this State one year next before his elec- tion; must reside in the county or district from which he is elected, and be a voter therein. Election. Third Tuesday in April, or at the regular village election. (See Village Trustees.) Powers and Duties. The same as other justices of the peace. He must take the oath required by the Constitution and give bond to the people and file it with County Clerk. Police Magistrates in cities and villages lying in two or more coun- ties may hold their office in that county in which is situated the seat of the city or village government, irrespective of where he resides, and he has the same jurisdiction in the township where the seat of the municipal government is situated as justices of the peace would have; also jurisdiction in municipal matters arising within the limits of such village or city which would be within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace. Village Clerk. Holds office two years. Salary is fixed by ordi- ERRATA President of Village or Incorporated Town. Holds office two years. Compensation is fixed by ordinance but cannot exceed $2,000 per annum. icuuiu ui uueii piuceeumgs 111 me juuium, anu iccuiu an uiui- nances passed, keeping a memo of the date of passage and publication ; also take the oath of office, and give such bond as may be required by the ordinances. GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO The vast population of the city of Chicago, so much greater than that of any other municipality in the State of Illinois, being as before stated, over 35 per cent of the entire population of the State, makes necessary many changes in, and additions to the officials prescribed for the ordinary municipality, and requires that increased powers be given to some and restrictions placed upon others, different from those provided under the general, law. For such a city it is necessary that the laws be extended to reach and cover many conditions which exist there, and not in any other city of the State, and to meet the new conditions which are constantly arising in its history. By way of a brief general history of the charters of the City of Chicago, it may be stated that in 1833, the village of Chicago was incorporated and five town trustees were elected, dating from August 12th of that year. The special needs of Chicago were recognized by the Legislature from time to time subsequent to this period. The act of February 11, 1835, changed and increased the corporate powers of the town. A special act creating it a city was passed March 4, 1837, granting local self-government on a much larger scale than had hitherto been given any city in this State. This first city charter gave the triple form of government, leg- islative, executive, and judicial, through the mayor, city council, and city courts. Another complete charter was granted to the city by the Gen- eral Assembly by act of February 13, 1863. Changes in, and addi- tions to, this charter were granted by special acts from time to time down to the year 1870. Prior to the Constitution of 1870, the General Assembly com- monly used„ the power it then had to create municipal corporations and change or add to their privileges, and to the powers and duties of their officials by special acts. The Constitution of 1870 pro- hibited this, but authorized the General Assembly to pass general laws affecting all such municipalities. This was done by the "Act 54 GOVERNMENT OF CHICAGO 55 to Provide for Incorporation of Cities and Villages" of April 10, 1872, referred to on a previous page of the Handbook. The people of Chicago at a special election held April 23, 1875, adopted this general law, a method being provided in it, by which that could be done. That law declared that all ordinances, resolu- tions, and by-laws of a city or village adopting it then in force continued in force until repealed or amended; so that upon the adoption of the general law, the city was governed by the charters previously given to it, and laws amending them, and the general law of 1872, except so far as the former charters were inconsistent with the general law. In all such cases, the latter controlled. Many amendments have been subsequently made to the general incorporation law, some of them as stated on a previous page being limited in their operation to cities having a large population in ac- cord with system of classification which the General Assembly have adopted under the provisions of the Constitution forbidding special acts, but allowing legislation limited to certain classes of cities, villages, and towns. By an act of the General Assembly in 1903, an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to the voters of the city at the election of November 8, 1904, was adopted by them, and is known as Section 34 of Article IV. It gives the General Assembly power to pass any law, local, special, or general, providing a scheme or charter of local municipal government for territory then or there- after embraced within the limits of Chicago, and authorizing a consolidation of various municipalities within the city, an increase of the debt of the city, abolishing the offices of justices of the peace, police magistrate and constable within the city and creating munici- pal courts for it, and to pass all other laws to effectually provide a complete system of local municipal government for the city, but that any such law should not take effect until a majority of the legal voters of the city voting on the question at any election should consent. This amendment was declared valid by the Supreme Court in City of Chicago vs. Reeves, 220 III. 274; and the General Assembly by act approved May 18, 1905, added to the general incorporation law an article No. XII, relating wholly to the officials of the City 56 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL of Chicago, and their powers and duties. This act was adopted by the people at the election held November 7, 1905, and declared valid by the Supreme Court in Swigart vs. City, 223 III. 371. A convention was held in Chicago beginning in 1905 to prepare a complete, and simple charter for the city under the power given by the amendment of the Constitution adopted in 1904 above mentioned. The charter prepared by this convention was com- pleted, and adopted by the General Assembly May 12, 1907. As required by the act of the assembly adopting it, and the amendment to the Constitution of 1904, this charter was submitted to the vote of the people at a special election held September 17, 1907, but was defeated. At the present time therefore, Chicago is governed under the special charters granted to it before 1870, the general incorporation law, and the various amendments thereto applying to Chicago, including the special Chicago act of 1905, except so far as the old charters are inconsistent with the general law as amended. In those respects the latter controls. The city is now divided into 35 wards. Two aldermen are chosen from each ward, one from each ward goes out of office every vear. CHICAGO SHOWING WARD BOUNDARIES 1905 Issued bjr Board of Election Commissioner! of the City of Chicago 57 TOWNS AND PARTS OF TOWNS WITHIN THE CITY OF CHICAGO Towns and Districts marked with "*" are wholly within the City of Chicago. *South Chicago. All of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Total Precincts, 168. *Hyde Park. All of Wards 6, 7, 8, and Precincts 1 to 25 inclusive, of Ward 33. Total Precincts, 162. *West Chicago. All of Wards 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 34, 35, and Precincts 15 to 18, inclusive, of Ward 27, and that part of Precinct 8 west of N. Western Ave. of Ward 24. Total Precincts, 503 and part of one. *North Chicago. All of Wards 21, 22, 23, and Precincts 18 to 30, inclusive, of Ward 24. Total Precincts, 123. *Lake View. Precincts 1 to 7 and 9 to 17, inclusive; also that part of Precinct 8 east of N. Western Ave of Ward 24, and Precincts 1 to 47, inclusive, and 52, of Ward 25, and Precincts 1 to 35, of Ward 26. Total Precincts, 99 and part of one. Evanston. Precincts 48 to 51, inclusive, of Ward 25, and Precinct 36 of Ward 26. Total Precincts, 5. * Jefferson. Precincts 2 to 14, 19 to 42, inclusive, of Ward 27. Total Precincts; 37. Norwood Park. Part of Precinct 1, of Ward 27. Maine. Part of Precinct 1 of Ward 27. Niles. Part of Precinct 1 of Ward 27. *Lake. All of Wards 29, 30, 31, and Precincts 1 to 34, inclusive, of Ward 32. Total Precincts, 141. Calumet. Precincts 35 to 40, inclusive, of Ward 32, and Precincts 26 to 35, inclusive, of Ward 33. Total Precincts, 16. Territory lying outside of the City of Chicago under the jurisdiction of the Election Commissioners. The Town of Cicero. Total Precincts, 5. *Ridge Avenue Park District. Precinct 51 of Ward 25 and Precinct 36 of Wacd 26. 58 MAP 5HOWINS Towns inthe City or Chicago The Boundaries of ths Sanitary District. 60 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL *North Shore Park District. Precincts 48, 49, 50, of Ward 25. Calumet Park District is partly in Chicago. (That portion of 39th Precinct of 32d Ward, lying west of Leavitt Street.) ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO Officers of Townships. In Chicago, by act of May 16, 1905, all powers vested in townships lying wholly in any city of more than 50,000 population are exercised by the County Board of the county, including the powers given to town meetings and town auditors. The County Clerk is ex-officio town clerk and assessor of each of such townships, and the County Treasurer is ex-officio collector and supervisor of each, but they need not give any additional bond on that account or maintain any different public offices. (See also Township. Officers, page 37.) Members of the Board of Education. In Chicago they are not elected, but are appointed by the Mayor and Council, and elect their own president. The term of office is three years. City Treasurer. Salary fixed by ordinance at $12,000 per annum. City Attorney. This office for Chicago was abolished by act of May 18, 1905, the duties of the office being placed upon the corpor- ation counsel, who is made head of the city law department . City Clerk. Salary fixed by ordinance of the Council at $5,000 per annum. Aldermen. Salary $1,500 per annum. The alderman chosen chair- man of the finance committee receives $3,500 per annum. Mayor. Holds office four years in Chicago. His salary is fixed by ordinance and is now $18,000 per annum. (See also Elective City Officers, page 47, for qualifications and duties of City Treasurer, Clerk, Aldermen, and Mayor of Chicago. The election is held first Tuesday in April.) MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO This court was organized December 3, 1906, in accordance with the special act of the General Assembly, approved May 18, 1905 ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF CHICAGO 61 as ratified and adopted by vote of the people of the city of Chicago at the general election held November 7, 1905, under an amend- ment to the constitution adopted by the people in 1904, now known as section 34 of Article IV of the constitution of 1870. The act was declared constitutional by the Supreme Court of this state in the case of the City vs. Reeves, 220 111. 274. The Municipal Court takes the place of justices of the peace in Chicago with greater juris- diction and powers, the office of justice of the peace being abolished. The Court is composed of twenty-eight judges, one of whom is the Chief Justice, the others associate judges. The Chief Jus- tice holds his office for six years, at a salary of $7,500. Of the twenty-seven associate judges now holding office, nine were elected for two years, nine for four years, and nine for six years. Those elected hereafter will hold office for six years, at a salary of $6,000. They are commissioned by the Governor. Judges of said Municipal Court of Chicago. Qualifications. Each judge must be at least thirty years of age, a resident of the city of Chicago, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the county of Cook, and have been there engaged in active practice as an attorney and counsellor at law, or in the discharge of a judicial office, for five years next before his election. Election. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in No- vember in each of the years 1908, 1910 and 1912, nine asso- ciate judges of said court are to be elected, and on said day in 1912 there shall be elected a Chief Justice, each of whom shall hold office for six years. Duties. The Chief Justice shall exercise all the powers of a judge of the court, have general superintendence of its busi- ness, preside at all meetings of the judges, assign the asso- ciate judges to duty in the branch courts from time to time, superintend the preparation of calendars of cases for trial and classify the same upon different calendars, give his atten- tion faithfully to the discharge of the duties of his office, and perform such additional judicial work as he may be able. He may appoint assistants not exceeding four. 62 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AXD CITIZENS' MAX UAL Each associate judge shall attend and serve at any branch court to which he may be assigned. He shall make each month a report in writing under oath to the Chief Justice, giving the number of days of his attendance in court and the hours per day of his service. He is entitled to not ex- ceeding thirty-six days vacation in one year. He must per- form his share of the labors and duties of the office. At least one judge must attend in one court in each district three hours each day except Sunday or public holidays, and while in the court room or chambers he must act upon any appli- cation for his official action properly made to him. The judges shall meet together at least once a month, except in August, to consider such matters relating to the court as may be brought before them, investigate complaints as to the court and its officers, and have power to adopt rules and regulations for the administration of justice in that court. Clerk of the Municipal Court of Chicago. Is commissioned by the Governor. Holds office for six years. Salary not less than $5,000, nor more than $6,000, to be fixed by City Council. Qualifications. Must be a qualified elector in city and have resided therein at least one year next before election, same as other city officers, under city and village acts. Election. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1912, and every sixth year thereafter. Duties: He performs for the municipal court the duties usually performed for the circuit court by the clerk of the circuit court. He must give his personal attention to the duties of his office, and keep it open from 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m., of each working day. He is given the powers and charged with the duties and liabilities and must take and file the oath and bond prescribed for clerks of courts by act of March 25, 1874. He may appoint such deputies as the judges of the court direct by order. Bailiff of the Municipal Court of Chicago. Holds office for six years. Salary same as clerk of this court. Is commissioned by the Governor. ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF CHICAGO 63 Qualifications. Same as other city officers under city and village act. Must be a qualified voter in city and have resided therein at least one year next before election. Election. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1912, and every sixth year thereafter. Duties. To perform in connection with the municipal court the duties usually performed by the sheriff in attendance upon and service and execution of process, and obeying orders and directions of the circuit court, to give personal attention to the duties of his office, and keep it open from 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. of each working day. He is given the powers and duties and is subject to the liabilities, and is required to make and file the oath of office and give bond, the same, as near as may be, as prescribed by law for sheriffs in respect to the circuit courts. He may appoint such num- ber of deputies as the judges of the court may direct by order. The bailiff takes the place of the constable in Chi- cago where the office of constable has been abolished. There are a great number of other officials authorized by law for Chicago, but they are all appointed either by the Mayor, or by t he Mayor with the approval of the Council, or by the appointed heads of different bureaus and departments. A list of these will be found on a subsequent page, under the head of "Appointive Officers." SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO To remedy the evils arising from the drainage system carrying the surface drainage and sewerage of a great and growing city like Chicago into the lake, the source of its water supply for drinking purposes and other domestic uses — an evil the extent of which was becoming daily more apparent — a system was devised, after many years of discussion and consideration of the question on the part of the general public and of the officials of the territory involved, as well as by special commissions created for the purpose of consid- ering the matter from the technical and practical standpoint of the physician, the engineer, and the law-maker, which was made effective by an act of the General Assembly (approved May 29, 1889,) authorizing the incorporation of certain territory as a sani- tary district on petition to the County Judge and submission to and ratification by vote of the people of the proposed district. Under this act, by vote of the people of Cook County, taken at the November election, 1889, the "Sanitary District of Chicago" was created for the purpose of constructing a drainage canal from Chicago to connect with the Desplaines and Illinois rivers. It lies wholly within Cook County and includes all of the city of Chicago and the town of Cicero, and by an act of 1903 the district was enlarged to include certain other lands in Cook County. A map of the District will be found on a previous page. The control of the District is vested in a Board of Trustees. By amendment to the law, the Board now consists of nine trus- tees, elected at the November election of 1905; three to hold office for one year, three for three years, and three for five years. One of the nine trustees was designated to be President of the Board, and holds office for five years from that time. At the November election, 1906, three trustees were elected to hold office for six years. Trustees of the Sanitary District. Hold office for six years. Salary of President may not exceed $4,000 per annum, and of other trustees $3,000. 64 GOVERNMENT OF CHICAGO 65 Qualifications. None are given in the act creating the Dis- trict. By the Constitution all such officers must be citizens of the United States and have resided in this State one year next before their election. Election. Three trustees are to be elected by the voters of the District at the election held on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November, 1908. Three trustees, one of whom is to be designated President of the Board, are to be elected at the. November election in 1910, and three trustees at the November election in 1912. Duties. The trustees constitute a Board who have control, and management of the canal, and the w y ork of the Sanitary District with power to purchase, condemn and otherwise acquire real and personal property, to lay out, construct, and maintain channels, drains, etc., for disposing of the drainage and sewerage of the District, to establish docks adjacent to any navigable channel made for drainage pur- poses, to lease, manage and control such docks, control and dispose of any water power created by making, and use of the channels, to borrow money for corporate purposes, and issue bonds not to exceed an amount equal to five per cent of the value of the taxable property in the District, as ascertained by the last assessment for State and County taxes, such bonds not to exceed $20,000,000; also to levy and direct an annual tax to pay the interest on the debt, and discharge the principal. They may appoint various officers and fix their salaries, and may pass ordinances, which may be approved or vetoed by the President, and passed over his veto by a two-thirds vote. COUNTY OFFICERS Keep in mind that there are three classes of counties in this State. (1) Counties not under township organization; (2) Counties under township organization (see list of counties on previous page) ; and (3) the County of Cook, which though under township organiza- tion is, under the Constitution and the laws applying to counties of over 50,000 population, over 100,000 population, and over 125,000 population, for all practical purposes in a class by itself. The laws relating to fees, and salaries of offices also create three classes of counties, as referred to on a previous page, viz.: (1st Class.) Counties having not over 25,000 population; (2d, Class.) Counties having over 25,000, and not over 100,000 popu- lation; (3d Class.) Counties having over 100,000 population, (Cook County.) The State Const. Sec. 10 Art. 10 requires the County Board in all counties except Cook to fix the compensation of all county officers with their necessary clerk hire, stationery, fuel, and other expenses, and in cases where thev are allowed to collect fees, their compensation shall be paid only out of such fees and shall not exceed the fees collected nor shall the compensation ex- ceed the following: If population does not exceed 20,000.. . : $1500 per annum If population is over 20,000 and not over 30,000. 2000 If population is over 30,000 and not over 50,000. 2500 If population is over 50,000 and not over 70,000. 3000 If population is over 70,000 and not over 100,000. 3500 If population is over 100,000 and not over 250,000 4000 and for each additional 100,000 population, an increase of $1,000. All fees or amounts collected by them in excess of said compensa- tion must be paid into the County Treasury. By Sec. 9 of the same Art., clerks of all courts of record, the treasurer, sheriff, coroner, and recorder of deeds, in Cook County, are allowed salaries to be fixed by law, in no case to be as much as that of a Judge of the Circuit Court of the County, and to be paid only out of the fees of the office collected. All fees, etc., above 66 LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 67 the salaries are to be paid into the County Treasury. The number of deputies and assistants of these officers must be determined by the Circuit Court, and their compensation fixed by the County Board. County Surveyor. Holds office four years. Is entitled to a fee of $6 per day while actually employed. Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in this State one year next before his elec- tion. Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To subscribe, and file with the County Clerk the oath of office required by the statute; make all surveys that he may be called upon to make within the county, and keep a record of each survey. He may appoint deputies. County Superintendent of Schools. Holds office four years. Salary: In counties of 1st class, $1,250 per annum. In counties of 2d class, $1,650 per annum. In counties of 3d class (Cook County) $7,500 per annum. County Board has power to allow larger salary. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To file an oath of office; give bond to perform his duties; visit all schools in the county; examine once a year all books, accounts, and vouchers of every township treasurer therein; and perform such other duties as may be specified by law. He may employ assistants; issue, renew, and revoke teachers' certificates, and exercise many other powers detailed in the laws. Coroner. Holds office four years. No salary but is entitled to fees fixed by law differing in amount in each class of counties. Salary of coroner of Cook County is $5,000. When coroner acts for sheriff, he is entitled to same fees as sheriff. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor. Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday of November, 1908, and every four years thereafter. 68 'VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Duties. To give bond for the performance of his duty, and file oath of office; to act as sheriff when office of sheriff is vacant or when the sheriff is interested in the matter requiring the^ action of a sheriff; and to hold inquests in all cases of death by violence, casualty, or by undue means. He may appoint deputies. Sheriff. Holds office four years. No salary named, but he is entitled to fees fixed by law, differing in amount with each class of counties. Sheriff of Cook County has a salary of $6,000. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor, except that a sheriff is not eligible to re-election as sheriff for four years. Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday in November, in the year 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To file an oath of office; give bond for the perform- ance of his duty; keep custody of the Courthouse of the County; serve all writs and processes from the courts of record; attend the court; keep the peace, and prevent crime in his county; when necessary to call to his aid for that purpose the posse comitatus, or power of the county, or any person therein. States Attorney. He is commissioned by the Governor, and holds office four years. Salary $400, and fees, and certain commissions fixed by law. (In Cook County salary of States Attorney is $10,000 per annum for all services and in lieu of all fees.) Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in this State one year next before his elec- tion. Election. On Tuesday after first Monday in November, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To take the oath prescribed by law; give bond for $5,000; commence and prosecute all actions, suits, indict- ments, and prosecutions, civil, and criminal, in his county, in which the people may be concerned. To prosecute all forfeited bonds, and recognizances, and all actions and proceedings for the recovery of debts, rev- LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 69 enues, moneys, fines, penalties, and forfeitures accruing to the State or county, or to any school, or road district, also to prosecute all suits in the name of the People of the State of Illinois against railroad and transportation companies. To commence and prosecute and also defend all actions and proceedings brought by or against any county officer in his official capacity. To attend examination of all persons on habeas corpus, when prosecuted in his county. To attend before justices of the peace and prosecute charges of felony and misdemeanor, where offender is required to give recognizance to appear before a court of record, when in his power to do so. To give his opinion, without fee or reward, to any county, officer, and to justices of the peace, on any question of law relating to any criminal or other matter in which the people or county may be concerned. To appear in all proceedings by collectors of taxes for judgments of sale of real estate, and see that all necessary steps have been taken to make judgment legal and binding. To assist the Attorney General, whenever necessary, and in cases of appeal on writ of error in which Attorney General is to attend, to furnish Attorney General with a brief, showing nature of the case, etc. Make report in writing under oath, and file with clerk on first day of each term of circuit court of all fines, fees, and forfeitures he has collected. (In Cook County this report is required at June and December terms of court only, but he must pay said fees into County Treasury at end of every quarter.) And perform such other duties as may be en- joined on him by law. Clerk of the Circuit Court. In each County a Clerk of the Cir- cuit Court is elected. He holds office for four years. Is entitled to fees fixed by law differing in each class of counties. (In Cook County this Clerk is allowed salary of $5,000 per annum.) Qualifications. Same as County Surveyor. 70 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Election. Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To keep his office at the Courthouse of his county, keep office open from 8 to 6 each working day; keep the seal and records of the circuit court for his county; attend all its sessions; issue writs, and enter the judgments of that court. In all counties having a population of less than GO, 000, he is ex officio Recorder of Deeds of his county, and as such he takes an oath of office and gives bond, and is entitled to fees for that service fixed by law. Recorder of Deeds. In all counties having a population of 60,000 or more, there is elected a Recorder of Deeds who holds office for four years. Is entitled to fees fixed by law differing in each class of counties. Recorder of Cook County receives $5,000, and $1,000 more as Abstract Maker, payable only out of the fees of his office. After 1908 he receives $9,000 per annum for all services in any capacity. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor. Election. Same time and manner as Clerk of Circuit Court above. Duties. File oath of office and give bond of $20,000; record all deeds and papers offered for that purpose entitled to be recorded by law; keep books for such recording; receipt for instruments left for record; keep indices to records; where County Board requires it, he shall keep abstract books and make abstracts of the land in the county, in which event he must give a special bond of $10,000 to secure correctness of abstracts. In Cook County the Recorder of Deeds is also Registrar under the "Torrens System" of registry of deeds and certifying titles which property owners may use in that county where the Torrens law was adopted. County Clerk. Holds office four years. Is entitled to fees fixed by law, which vary in counties of different classes. The County Clerk of Cook County is allowed $2,000 and as Clerk of the County Court $3,000. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 71 Election. Tuesday after first Monday in November, 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. File oath of office; give bond for the performance of his duties; keeps record of all notaries public, justices, and constables in the county and gives certificates of their authority; acts as Clerk of the County Board, and of the County Court, and keeps the records of those offices and of the county, and of all official bonds ; issues marriage licences ; extends upon the tax books prepared by him, all tax rates certified to or determined by him under the law, upon the assessed valuation of taxable property in his county; and issues warrants to the several collectors to collect same. He issues notices of the appointment of judges and clerks of election, receives nomination papers and petitions for county offices, and acts with two justices of the peace as a Can- vassing Board to canvass votes for State and county offi- cers and issues certificates of election to county officers. He may appoint deputies. He is County Sealer and when authorized by the County Board may procure a full set of weights and measures and prove the same by State stand- ards under the direction of the Secretary of State and it is his duty thereupon to test all weights and measures. He is allowed fees as County Sealer. County Clerk of Cook County is ex officio Town Clerk of all towns lying wholly within Chicago. County Treasurer. Is elected for four years. Is paid by fees and commissions fixed 'by law, varying in different classes of counties. He is also entitled to fees and commissions as County Collector. Treasurer of Cook County has salary of $4,000, and fees and commissions as County Collector. Qualifications. Same as County Surveyor except that no person elected to the office of County Treasurer is eligible for re-election to said office for four years after the expiration of the term for which he was elected. Election. Held Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. File oath of office; give bond to perform duties of his office; keep account of all county funds, and make re- . 72 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL ports to County Board of all moneys received or paid out, and make half yearly settlements with the County Board as to county funds and books. He is ex officio collector of taxes in counties under town- ship organization and ex officio assessor in counties not under township organization. As such County ' Assessor the Treasurer is allowed $3.50 per day for time actually employed in making the assessment. In Cook County the County Treasurer is ex officio Town Supervisor and Town Collector of all towns lying wholly within Chicago. Board of Assessors in Cook County. Consists of five members. Hold office for six years. Salary $5,000 per annum. Not more than four members shall be residents of any one city. Qualifications. They must be citizens of the United States, and have resided in the State one year next before their election. The members of the Board shall hold no other lucrative public office or public employment. Election. One is elected at the November election in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter. Two are elected at the November election in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter. Two are elected in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. Duties. To take and file the oath of office provided for in the Revenue Laws; to give bond to the people of the State of $2,000, or such larger sum as the County Board shall determine, to be approved by the President of the Board; to assess all property, real, and personal, for taxation — personal property annually, and real estate every four years beginning with 1899; to revise the assessment of real prop- erty on the first Monday in June, and of personal property on the third Monday of June, each year, and finish the revision before July 1st; to keep their office open during business hours ; to receive complaints ; to make affidavit to the assess- ment books of which they make three sets, when completed, and return same to the Board of Review, after which they have no power to change the assessment or books for that LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 73 year. They may employ a chief clerk and clerical help; may appoint deputies, subject to approval of Board of Re- view; and have power to buy maps, and plats to aid in their work, the same to remain in their office, and be open to public inspection. Board of Review in Cook County. Consists of three members who hold office for six years, and are so classified that one is elected every two years. Receive such salary as may be fixed by the County Board, to be paid out of the County Treasury. Salary at present $7,000, per annum. The member having the shortest term is chairman of the Board. Qualifications. Same as for members of the Board of Assess- ors for Cook County. Election. One at the November election in 1908 and every sixth year thereafter. One at the November election in 1910 and every sixth year thereafter. One at the November election in 1912 and every sixth year thereafter. Duties. To take and file the oath of office prescribed by the Revenue Law of 1898; meet on or before the 2d Monday in July each year, for the purpose of revising the assessment of property on the application of any taxpayer, or on their own motion; to revise the whole or any part of the assessment, and correct same, but the assessment of no per- son shall be increased unless written notice be given him; to assess all property subject to assessment not assessed by the assessors; make alterations in the description of property as necessary; on complaint in writing filed on or before Aug- ust 1st, to revise and correct the assessment as shall be just; to note on the assessor's books all changes in valuation and make return to the County Clerk of one set of books, another to the Board of Assessors, and keep the other; also to correct the valuation of real property each year upon complaint; to equalize the assessments as between townships or other parts of the county; and to hear and determine applications for exemption from taxation. 74 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL County Commissioners. In counties not under township organi- zation there are elected three commissioners, one each year for a term of three years, who are styled "The Board of County Commissioners." Compensation $3.00 per day for time necessarily and actually employed, and 5c per mile for mileage expenses. Qualifications. Must be twenty-five years of age, citizens of the United States, have resided in the State five years next before election, and be residents of the county. They shall not hold any other office by appointment or election of the County Board while they are Commissioners, and shall not be interested in any contract or work upon which they may be called on to vote. * Election. Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in each year, one is elected in each county not under town- ship organization. Duties. The Commissioners together constitute the legislative body of the county; control its affairs; have supervision of highways, roads and bridges in it, including State roads. They may administer oaths to persons concerning any mat- ter connected with their powers or duties. County Commissioners in Cook County. A separate form of government is provided for Cook County, in many particu- lars differing from that of other counties in the State. The business and affairs of the county are managed by a Board of fifteen Commissioners, ten of whom are chosen from the city of Chicago, and five from that part of the county outside Chicago. One of the candidates for commis- sioner may be designated on the ballots as President of the Board, and the candidate receiving the highest number of votes for President acts as such. The commissioners hold office two years. Salary $3,600 per annum. The President of the Board receives $7,000 per annum. Qualifications. He must have been a resident of the county for five years next before his election, and have the qualifi- cations of a supervisor, viz.: be a legal voter of the district LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 75 from which he is chosen, and have been a resident of the city or country outside, as the case may be, but in the county for one year. Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every two years thereafter. Duties. Take the oath of office required by the Constitution. They constitute the legislative governing body of the county, and the law expressly declares that they "have the manage- ment of its affairs in the manner directed by law, and per- form the same duties, exercise the same powers, and are subject to the same rules as the boards of supervisors in other counties," except as the law (which is full and detailed as to their duties) provides otherwise. The commissioner elected President of the Board is the only executive head of the county. He has the privilege of voting at the meetings of the board like other commission- ers but he does not have a casting vote upon a question upon which he has voted. County Judge. In each county one judge is elected for four years. Their courts are courts of record and they have jurisdiction of all matters of probate, -settlement of estates of deceased persons, sale of real estate of deceased persons to pay debts, appointment of guardians and conservators, all mat- ters relating to apprentices and proceedings to compel support of relatives and to enforce collection of taxes and special assessments, and of all cases at law of which justices of the peace may have jurisdiction, where the amount claimed or value of property sought to be recovered does not exceed $1,000. Salary is by law fixed by the County Board, the amount being limited by the Constitution according to population of the county. In Cook Count\ r , this judge receives $10,000 per annum. Qualifications. None specified save those for county officers generally. (See County Surveyor.) Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. 76 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Duties. To preside in the County Court of his county and exercise the jurisdiction given it by law; to perform certain duties under the election laws relating to cities; to examine and inquire into the sufficiency of all official bonds required by law to be filed, including bonds of executors, adminis- trators, and conservators. Probate Judge. The Constitution of 1870 by Sec. 20 of Art. VI authorized the general assembly to establish probate courts in each county having a population of over 50,000; said courts to have original jurisdiction of all probate matters, settlement of estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians, and conservators, settlement of their accounts, and all matters of apprenticeship and cases of sale of real estate of deceased persons to pay debts. By act of April 27, 1877, amended by act of May 21, 1881, the legislature established in each county of the State having a population of 70,000 or more, a court called "The Probate Court of County." These courts have been established in the following counties which have the required population, viz. : Cook, Kane, La Salle, Peoria, Sangamon, St. Clair, and Will. In other counties of the State the County Courts exercise this jurisdiction. The judge holds office four years. Salary is fixed by the County Board within the limit fixed by the Constitution for other county officers. In Cook County this judge receives $10,000 per annum. Qualifications. Same as County Judge. Election. On Tuesday after first Monday in November, 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution, and file same with the Secretary of State; hold court from day to day until all business before it is disposed of, and exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon the court by law. He may not act as attorney for or against any person interested in the estate of any deceased person when the administration is pending in his court. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, COUNTY 77 Clerk of the Probate Court. Holds office for four years. Salary- is fixed by the County Board within the limits fixed by the Constitution. In Cook County this clerk receives $5,000 per annum. Qualifications. Same as for County Surveyor. Election. At the same time as the Probate Judge, viz., on Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe the oath of office required by the Constitution; give bond of not less than $5,000 (as the judge may direct) for the duties of his office; to attend the sessions of the court, issue process, preserve the files and records of the proceedings of the court, enter its judg- ments and orders, and perform such other duties as may be required by order of the court. THE JUDICIAL CIRCUITS As Fiied by T6e General Assembly April V. 1897. 78 OTHER JUDICIAL OFFICERS AND CLERKS OF COURTS Circuit Court. The State exclusive of Cook County is divided into seventeen judicial districts or circuits. (Cook County being a circuit or district by itself.) Each of these circuits is com- posed of from three to twelve counties and in each of the circuits outside of Cook County, three judges of the Circuit Court are elected. See map of Judicial Circuits on previous page. Judge of Circuit Court. Holds office six years. Salary $3,500 per annum. (Judges elected in 1909 and thereafter will receive $5,000.) Cook County pays additional compensa- tion to its Circuit and Superior Court Judges, making the total salary of each $10,000 per annum. Qualifications. He must be at least twenty- five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and must have resided in this State five years next before his election and be a resident of the circuit for which he is elected. Election. On the first Monday in June, 1909, and every sixth year thereafter three judges are elected in each circuit out- side of Cook County, and fourteen judges of that court in Cook County. Duties. Take and subscribe the oath of office; attend and hold court at the times and places in their respective circuits provided by law, and while so doing exercise the civil and criminal jurisdiction given to that court by law. During vacation, that is, between terms of this court, they may hear certain causes and transact certain specified judicial business. Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County. This court was creat- ed by the Constitution of 1870 out of the Superior Court of Chicago, and sits in Cook County only. It has the same jurisdiction and is co-ordinate in that county with the Cir- cuit Courts of the State. There are now twelve judges of the Superior Court. 79 80 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AXD CITIZENS' MANUAL Hold office six years. Salary same as Judge of Circuit Court of Cook County. Qualifications. Same as for Circuit Judge. Election. Six judges are elected on Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1910, and every sixth year thereafter; four judges on Tuesday after first Monday in November. 1911, and every sixth year thereafter; one judge on the firet Tuesday in April, 1913, and every sixth year thereafter; one judge on first Monday in Juiie, 1909, and every sixth year thereafter. Duties. Are the same as those of judges of the Circuit Court above given. Clerk of the Superior Court of Cook County. Holds office four years. Salary $5,000 per annum, to be paid only out of the fees collected by his office. Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, have resided in the State one year next before his election, and be at the time a resident of the county. Election. On Tuesday next after the first Monday in Novem- ber, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. Same in his county as to that court as the duties of the Clerk of the circuit court are in relation to the circuit court. Criminal Court of Cook County. This was formerly the Recorder's Court of Cook County and is a court having general juris- diction of criminal cases in Cook County similar to that exer- cised by the circuit courts outside that county, but it is a separate court. The judges are chosen from among the judges of the Circuit and Superior Courts of Cook County. It has no other judges. Clerk of the Criminal Court of Cook County. Holds office for four years. Salary $5,000 per annum, payable only out of the fees collected by his office. Qualifications. Same as those of Clerk of Superior Court. Election. On Tuesday next after the first Monday in Nov- ember, 1910, and every four years thereafter. Duties. Same in his county as to that court as those of Clerk of Circuit Court in counties other than Cook. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, JUDICIAL 81 Appellate Court of Illinois. The State of Illinois is divided by a law passed by the legislature in 1877, under the Constitution of 1870, into four Appellate Court Districts and four Appellate Courts were created. Each court in held by three of the judges of the Circuit Courts in the district who are assigned for the duty by the Judges of the Supreme Court, three to each district for a term of three years. Two terms are held in each district each year. A presiding judge is chosen in each district by the judges. Two judges make a quorum, and the concurrence of two is necessary to a decision. The First District is composed of the county of Cook. The judges are selected by the Supreme Court from the judges of the Circuit and Superior Courts of Cook County. In this district there is an additional Appellate Court called the Branch Appellate Court, the judges of which are chosen in the same manner as judges of the Appellate Court. Court sits in Chicago on first Tuesdays in March and October. Second District. Composed of the counties of Boone, Bureau, Carroll, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Henderson, Henry, Iroquois, JoDaviess, Kane, Kankakee. Kendall, Knox, Lake, LaSalle, Lee, Livingston, Marshall, McHenry, Mercer, Ogle, Peoria, Putnam, Rock Island, Stark, Stephenson, Warren, Whiteside, Will, Winne- bago, and Woodford. Court sits at Ottawa, LaSalle County, on the first Tuesday in April and October. Third District. Composed of the counties of Adams, Brown, Calhoun, Cass, Champaign, Christian, Clark, Coles, Cumberland, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Ford, Fulton, Greene, Hancock, Jersey, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Mason, McDonough, McLean, Menard, Montgomery, Morgan, Moultrie, Piatt, Pike, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Shelby, Tazewell, and Vermilion. . Court sits at Springfield, Sangamon County, on the third Tues- day in May and November. Fourth District. Composed of the counties of Alexander, Bond, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Lawrence, Madison,VMarion, Massac/ Monroe, Perry," Pope,' Pulaski, 82 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Randolph, Richland, Saline, St. Clair, Union, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson. Court sits at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson County, on the fourth Tues- day in February and August. Clerk of the Appellate Court of Illinois. One is elected in each district. He holds office for six years. No salary, but he is paid by fees fixed by law to be paid by litigants. Qualifications. He must be a citizen of the United States, have resided in the State one year next before his election, and be at the time a resident of the district for which he is elected. Election. On Tuesday next after the first Monday in Novem- ber, 1908, and every sixth year thereafter in each Appellate Court District. Duties. To take and subscribe an oath of office prescribed by the Appellate Court act, give a bond of not less than $5,000, pay over, and account for moneys coming into his hands, and perform the duties usually devolving upon clerks of the courts of record in this State. The Supreme Court. The Supreme Court consists of seven judges, elected for a term of nine years, one from each of the seven districts into which the State is divided as fol- lows : First District. The counties of St. Clair, Clinton, Washington, Jefferson, Wayne, Edwards, Wabash, White, Hamilton, Franklin. Perry, Randolph, Monroe, Jackson, Williamson, Saline, Gallatin. Hardin, Pope, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pulaski, and Massac. Second District. The counties of Madison, Bond, Marion, Clay. Richland, Lawrence, Crawford, Jasper, Effingham, Fayette, Mont- gomery, Macoupin, Shelby, Cumberland, Clark, Greene, Jersey. Calhoun, Christian, Pike, and Scott. Third District. The counties of Sangamon, Macon, Logan. DeWitt, Piatt, Douglas, Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Livingston. Ford, Iroquois, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie, and Tazewell. Fourth District. The counties of Rock Island, Mercer, Warren. Henderson, Fulton, McDonough, Hancock, Schuyler, Brown, Ad- ams, Mason, Menard, Morgan, and Cass. LIST OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS, JUDICIAL 83 Fifth District. The counties of Knox, Henry, Stark, Peoria, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, LaSalle, Grundy, and Woodford. Sixth District. The counties of Whiteside, Carroll, JoDaviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Kane, Kendall, DuKalb, Lee, and Ogle. Seventh District. The counties of Lake, Cook, Will, Kankakee, and DuPage. The election is held in June of the year in which any term expires. The State was formerly divided into three grand divisions, Southern, Central, and Northern, in which the terms of the court were held, with one clerk for each of the three grand divisions, elected for a term of six years, the court sitting at Mt. Vernon, Springfield, and Ottawa. In 1897, the three grand divisions of the Supreme Court were consolidated into one, comprising the entire State, and provision was made that all terms of the Supreme Court shall here- after be held in the city of Springfield, on the first Tuesday in Octo- ber, December, February, April, and June of each year. The chief justice is chosen by the court, annually, at the June term. The rule of the court is to select as successor to the presid- ing judge, the judge next in order of seniority who has not served as chief justice within six years last past. Judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois. Holds office nine years. Salary $10,000 per annum to those elected since 1905, and $7,000 to those elected before 1906. Qualifications. He must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in this State for five years next preceding his election, and be a resident of the Supreme Court District for which he is elected. Election. One judge in each of the first, second, third, sixth, and seventh districts on the first Monday in June, 191."). and every ninth year thereafter. One judge in the fourth dis- trict first Monday in June, 1912, and every ninth year there- after. One judge in the fifth district on the first Monday in June, 1909, and every ninth year thereafter. Duties. Take and subscribe an oath of office; sit with and take part in the proceedings of the court when in session. During vacation and between terms each judge has power 84 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL to make certain orders, stay execution of judgment or sen- tence, and admit to bail pending appeal or writ of error to that court. Each judge may appoint a private secretary. Clerk of the Supreme Court of Illinois. Holds office for six years. No salary, but is allowed fees fixed by law to be paid by litigants. Qualifications. Same as those of Clerk of Appellate Court. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in Nov- ember, 1908, and every sixth year thereafter. Duties. Take and subscribe an oath of office prescribed by law; give bond to perform the duties of his office; keep his office at the place of holding said court; attend to his duties from 8:00 a. m. to 6:00 p. m. each working day; issue process as provided by law, and keep all the files, papers, and records of the court, also enter its judgments, orders, and decrees as soon as practicable and before the term next after they were made, and perform such other duties as may be require 1 by law or the orders of the court. STATE GOVERNMENT By the Constitution, the powers of the government of this State are exercised by three distinct departments, the Legislative, Execu- tive, and Judicial, and no person or collection of persons being or forming one of these departments, shall exercise any power properly belonging to either of the others, except as the Constitution may expressly direct or permit. ELECTIVE OFFICERS LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT Members of the General Assembly. The assembly is the legisla- tive department of the State government. It is composed of two bodies, the Senate and the House of Representatives. For the purpose of election of members of these two houses, the State is divided into fifty-one districts, called Senatorial Districts; each district contains about the same number of inhabitants. One senator and three representatives are elected from each district. The Senate is composed of fifty- one members and the House of Representatives of one hun- dred and fifty-three members. The 'senators are elected for four ;y ears, the representatives for two years The represen- tatives and one-half of the senators are elected every two years. The senators from the even-numbered ^districts will be elected in 1908, and from the odd-numbered districts in 1910. The maps showing the senatorial districts will be found on page 86 and 87. 85 MAP OF ILLINOIS SMC. NO SENATORIAL APPORTIONMENT 1901 COOK COUNTY UlSTMCTS. 1st. 2nd, 3rd, 4-th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, nth, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 2Ut. 23rd. 25th, 27th, 29th and 3lst The 23d district al- so includes the vil- lage of Oak Park. The 19th district also includes the village of Ber- wyn and the town ot .Riverside. The Ttta district is composed of, the towns of Thornton, Bloom, Rich, Bremen, Or- land. Lemont, Palos. Worth, Lyons, Stickney, Proviso, Leyden.Elk Grove, Schaum- terg. Hanover, Barrington, Palatine. Wheeling, North- Meld; that partof the town of New Trier lying outside of thecity of Evanston that part of the town of Niles lying outside of the city of Chicago and outside of the city of Evanston. and those parts of the towns of Nor- wood Park and Maine lying outside the city of Chicago. Map Showing Cool Comity Senatorial Lying wholly or partlv within the City of Chicago and Town of Cicero as Apportioned t>v the 42d General Assembly In force July 1, l'JUl. Tissued by Board of Election Com- missioners of the City of Chicago April, Ja02.] 88 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Members of the State Senate. Hold office for four years. Those representing districts having even numbers are to be elected by the voters in their several districts in 1908, and those representing districts having odd numbers are to be elected in 1910. Salary $1,000 for each session, ten cents per mile for mileage expenseSj and $50 per session for postage, etc. Qualifications. The senator must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for five years, and of the district for two years next before his election. No person holding any lucrative office in the United States, State, or county, or under any foreign government, can have a seat in the assembly, but offices in the militia, and those of notary public and justice of the peace are held not to be lucrative offices. No person convicted of crime, bribery, or perjury, or who has not accounted for and paid over according to law public moneys coming to him while holding office, is eligible to the General Assembly. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, 1908, senators will be elected in each senatorial district having even numbers; and on the same day in 1910 senators will be elected in each of the districts having odd numbers. Duties. Take and subscribe an oath of office required for this office, attend and take part in all proceedings of the General Assembly. They are free from arrest during the session of the assembly and in going to and returning from the same, and they cannot be questioned in any other place for any speech or debate in the assembly. They cannot hold any civil appointment during the term for which they are elected. They shall not be interested in any contract with the State or any county during the time for which they are elected and for one year after its expiration. Members of the House of Representatives. They hold office for two years. Compensation same as that of senator. Three are elected from each district. At each election each voter may cast as many votes for any candidate as there are repre- sentatives to be elected. In other words, he may cast one ELECTIVE OFFICERS, STATE 89 vote for each of three candidates for representatives, or one and one-half votes for each of any two candidates, or three votes for any one. This is called the cumulative or minority system of voting for representatives. Qualifications. A representative must be twenty-one years of age, a citizen of the United States, have been a resident of the State for five years, and a resident of the district in which he is elected for two years next before his election. No person holding any lucrative office in the United States, State, or county, or under any foreign government, can have a seat in the assembly, but offices in the militia, and those of notary public and justice of the peace are held not to be lucrative offices. No person convicted of crime, bribery, or perjury, or who has not accounted for and paid over accord- ing to law public moneys coming to him while holding office, is eligible to the General Assembly. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday of No- vember, 1908, three representatives are to be elected in each of the senatorial districts, and every second year thereafter. Duties. Are similar to those of senator. ELECTIVE OFFICERS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT Trustees of the University of Illinois. There are nine elective trustees of this University. The law declares that they shall receive no compensation. They hold office for six years from the second Tuesday of March next after their election; three are chosen in 1908 and three every second year there- after. The Governor, President of the State Board of Agri- culture, and the Superintendent of Public Instruction are ex officio trustees. Qualifications. Must be citizens of the United States and have resided in the State one year next before election. Election. On Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every second year thereafter, three trustees are elected, to be voted for on the same ballot as the State officers. Duties. Have the management and control of the University and its affairs, and exercise all powers given by the act to organize the University, approved February 28, 1867. To establish a chemical and biological survey of the waters of the State, publish the results of these investigations in annual reports, or oftener, and make report to the Governor just before each regular session of the General Assembly of their acts and doings for each fiscal year separately. Members of the State Board of Equalization. One member of this board is elected from each congressional district. Term of office, four years. Compensation $5.00 per day during sessions of the board, ten cents per mile for mileage ex- penses, and ten dollars for each session for postage and stationery. Qualifications. He shall be an elector in the congressional district for which he is elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in No- vember, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. 90 ELECTIVE OFFICERS, STATE 91 Duties. Each member shall take the oath prescribed by the Constitution. At the first meeting of the board after the election, it shall organize, select a chairman, and appoint a secretary. The board must meet at the State capitol on the second Tuesday in August, annually, and examine the abstracts of assessments of property in the several counties and equalize the assessments, considering different classes of property separately; to assess the capital stock of cor- porations (except companies for manufacturing, mercantile, mining, printing, publishing, or stock breeding) ; also assess railroad property and the capital stock of railroads and telegraphs, and publish annual reports of their proceedings. Auditor of Public Accounts. He holds office for four years from the second Monday of January next after his election. Sal- ary now S3, 500 per year; after year 1908, the sum of $7,500 per year. Qualifications. Shall be a citizen of the United States and shall have resided in the State one year next preceding his election, and shall not be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in No- vember, 1908, and every four years thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe to the oath of office prescribed by law; give bond with two sureties for $50,000 for the faith- ful discharge of his duties; to reside at the seat of govern- ment during his term of office; to keep an official seal, to be used as required by law in all papers certified in his office; to keep an account of his State with other States and public officers and individuals; audit all accounts of public officers; to issue warrants on the treasury for all moneys due from the State; to cause suit to be brought in cases where the State is plaintiff; to have custody of all records pertaining to the public lands, and to make reports to the Governor semiannually and ten days before each regular session of the assembly. State Treasurer. He holds office for two years. Salary of present incumbent, $3,500 per annum; after 1908, incumbent will receive $10,000 per annum. 92 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Qualifications. Shall be a citizen of the United States and shall have resided in the State one year next preceding his election. He is not eligible to this office for two years next after the term for which he was elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in No- vember, 1908, and every two years thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe to the oath of office required by law; to give bond with two sureties for $500,000, for the faithful discharge of his duties, and to give additional bond if the Governor requires; keep an official seal; to receive and keep the revenues and other public moneys of the State; to give duplicate receipts therefor; to pay warrants on the treasury issued by the Auditor; to keep regular and fair accounts of moneys received and paid by him ; make monthly settlements of the same with the Auditor, and a full report to the Governor of all moneys received and paid, and of the business of his office, ten days before the regular session of the assembly. He shall reside at the seat of government during his term of office. Superintendent of Public Instruction. Holds office for four years, beginning the second Monday in January next after his elec- tion. Salary now $3,500 per annum; after year 1908, the sum of $7,500 per annum. Qualifications. Shall be a citizen of the United States and shall have resided in the State one year next preceding his election, and shall not be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in No- vember in 1910, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe the oath of office; give bond for the discharge of his duties. He must reside at the seat of government during his term of office, and keep the records, books, and papers of his office there and perform such duties as may be prescribed by law; keep an account of all public moneys received or paid out by him, and report to the Gov- ernor ten days before each regular session of the assembly, also to supervise all public and common schools in the State> ELECTIVE [OFFICERS, STATE 93 and advise and assist the County Superintendents of Schools. Special powers are given to him by law in detail in relation to the public schools, and the school system of the State. Attorney-General. He holds office for four years from the second Monday in January next after his election. Salary now S3, 500 per year; after year 1908, the sum of $10,000 per year. Qualifications. Shall be a citizen of the United States, and shall have resided in the State one year next preceding his election, and shall not be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, 1908, and every four years thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe the oath of office prescribed by law; to give bond with good sureties for the sum of $10,000 for the performances of his duties, and give addi- tional bond when the Governor requires; to reside at the seat of government during his term of office; to keep there '"he records, books, and papers of his office; to institute and prosecute all suits and proceedings in favor of the State, and defend all such as are brought against any State officer in any court; consult with and advise the several States Attorneys, and with the Governor, and other State officers; give written opinions upon all legal questions relating to the duties of such officers; prepare contracts and other writings in mat- ters in which the State is interested; to give opinions to the General Assembly or either branch, or any committee thereof; to keep proper registers of cases brought or de- fended. He shall prosecute suits for the dissolution of corporations; pass on the by-laws of building and loan associations; make semiannual reports to the Governor of all receipts and disbursements, and similar reports ten days before the regular session of the assembly. Secretary of State. He holds office for four years from the second Monday in January next after his election. Salary now $3,500 per annum; after year 1908 the sum of»S7,500 per annum. 94 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Qualifications. Shall be a citizen of the United States, and shall have resided in the State one year next preceding his election, and shall not be eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall have been elected. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in Nov- ember, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. To take and subscribe the oath of office prescribed by law; to give bond with two sureties for the sum of $100,000 for the faithful discharge of his duties; to reside at the seat of government during his term of office; to keep the Great Seal of the State and affix it to documents required by law; to keep the public records, books, and papers there; to keep an account of all moneys received, or disbursements made by him, from all sources; to make semi-annual reports thereof to the Governor under oath and also to report, to the Governor ten days before each regular session of the assembly; and per- form such other duties as have been or may be required by law. Lieutenant-Governor. Holds office four years. Takes office second Monday in January following election. Salary now $1,000 per year; after year 1908, the sum of $2,500 per year. When powers and duties of Governor devolve on Lieutenant- Governor, he shall during such emergency be entitled to the emoluments of Governor. Qualifications. The qualifications for this office are the same as for that of Governor. Election. He is elected at the same time and for the same term as the Governor. Duties. He is the President of the Senate, but votes only when the Senate is equally divided. In case of the death, convic- tion or impeachment, resignation, absence from the State, or other disability of the Governor, the powers and duties of the office of Governor devolve upon the Lieutenant-Gov- ernor until the Governor's disability is removed. Governor. The supreme executive power is vested in the Gov- ernor, who holds office for four years from the second Monday in January following his election. Salary now $6,000 per year; after year 1908, incumbent receives $12,000 per annum. ELECTIVE OFFICERS, STATE do Qualifications. He must be thirty years of age, and have been a citizen of the United States and this State for five years preceding his election. He is not eligible to any other office during the period for which he shall be elected. Election. On Tuesday next after first Monday in November, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. He must reside at the capital of the State, take care that the laws are faithfully executed; by message to the General Assembly at the beginning of each session, and at the closing of his term of office give them information of the condition of the State and recommend such measures as he deems expedient; to account to the General Assembly for all moneys received and paid out by him; present estimates of the amounts required to be raised by taxation for all pur- poses; convene the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions by general proclamation; in case of disagreement between the two houses as to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn the General Assembly to such time as he thinks proper, not beyond the first day of the next regular session. He shall nominate, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by the Constitution, or which are created by law, and whose appointment or election is not otherwise provided for; to make temporary appointments to fill vacancies in the nomi- native offices; to command the militia, and naval forces of the State and to call out the same to execute the laws; to issue writs of election to fill vacancies in elective offices. He has the power to remove for cause any officer whom he may appoint and declare any such office vacant. He may grant reprieves and pardons. He may approve and sign, or veto (from the Latin, meaning to forbid) any bill passed by the General Assembly and exercise other powers and duties placed upon the Governor by law. ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES Departments. The Federal Government consists of three divisions or departments: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. The Judicial offices are filled by appointment only. The Leg- islative and Executive officers are elective, but only the members of the National House of Representatives (who are called Congressmen) are elected directly by the people. There are two indirect systems provided for the choice of the other Legislative and Executive officers of the Federal Government: one by the election of persons called Presi- dential Electors who, after they are chosen, meet and choose by ballot the President and Vice-President of the United States; the other provides for the election of members of the Senate of the United States by the legislatures of the respective States they represent. ELECTIVE OFFICERS LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT This is called the Congress and is composed of two bodies, the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate consists of two Senators from each State of the Union (of which there are now forty-six), making the Senate a body composed of ninety- two members. The House of Rep- resentatives consists of members elected for a term of two years directly by the vote of the people. The present Con- gress is the sixtieth since the adoption of the Constitution. The sixty-first will be elected in November, 1908, and hold office from March 4, 1909. Each State is divided by what is called the "congressional apportionment, " the last of which was made in 1901, into dis- tricts supposed to be of about the same size, and each to contain as nearly as possible about the same number of in- habitants. In some of the States, such as Nevada, Delaware, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, the population is of 96 ELECTIVE OFFICERS, NATIONAL 97 a size to admit of only one Representative in Congress, and each of those States forms one district. The total number of Representatives under the last census being 386, the ratio of population represented by each member is 194,182. Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 as the forty-sixth State, and is entitled to five Representatives, making the present number 391. Each of the Territories, viz.: Arizona, New Mexico, and Hawaii, is represented in the lower House of Congress by a Delegate, and Porto Rico by a Resident Commissioner, all of whom are admitted to the floor of the House and take part in its deliberations, but have no vote. The State of Illinois is entitled, under the apportionment of 1901, to twenty- five Representatives in Congress, and is divided into twenty-five districts, of which nine lie wholly in Cook County, and a tenth is composed of Lake and part of Cook. The boundaries of these districts are shown by maps found on pages 98 and 99. Members of the House of Representatives of the United States from Illinois. These hold office for two years. Salary $7,500 and actual traveling expenses from home to capital and return, once each session of the House. Qualifications. They must be twenty-five years of age, have been citizens of the United States seven years before election, and when elected must reside in the State from which they are elected. Election. On Tuesday next after the first Monday in Nov- ember, 1908, and every second year thereafter — one from each Congressional District. Duties. To attend each regular and special session of Con- gress at the Capital of the United States and take part in its deliberations. Senators of the United States. Illinois is entitled to two members of the Senate who hold office for six years from March fol- lowing their election. They are elected by the General Assembly of this State. Under the laws of the United States, a majority of both Houses of the General Assembly ILLINOIS CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. CS^U k t Trieran 1 Xorthfield and ~C Lake count/. »««»' ~t j «fl^T^ The 7th district »lso imeUidee towns of HaDOifr. Schaum- berg. Elk Grove. Maine. Uj- den. Baxrinirton. Palatine. Wheeling aod Norwood Park. t+r /KOXPJ-/V The fith district al- so includes towns of Proviso. River- side, Stickney and Lyons and vil- lages of Oak Park and Berwyn. Heavy black lines and figures indi- cate boundaries and numbers of congressional dis- tricts. Light black lines and figures indicate bounda- ries oiid numbers vf wards. Map Showing Cool County Cocf essional Districts Lying wholly or partly within the City of Chican6 and Town of Cicero, as Apportioned by the 42d General Assembly. In force July 1, 1901. [Issued by Board of Election Com- missioners of the Cuy of Cbicairo, April, 1902.| The Id district al- so Includes towns of Lemont, Palo*, Worth, Thornton, Orland. Bremen. Rich, Bloom aod Calumet. 99 100 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL must concur in the election. Salary $5,000. Those elected after March 4, 1907, receive $7,500. Qualifications. They must be thirty years of age, have been citizens of the United States for nine years, and when elected must reside in the State from which they are chosen. Election. The next election of a Senator in Illinois takes place at the meeting of the General Assembly of this State in January, 1909, and following that, in January, 1913. Duties. To attend all special and regular sessions of the Con- gress and take part in its deliberations. ELECTIVE OFFICERS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Electors of the President and Vice-President of the United States. One Elector from each Congressional District in Illinois, and two Electors from the State at large are chosen on a general ticket every four years. (The State being entitled under the Federal Constitution to as many Electors as it has Senators and Representatives in Congress.) Qualifications. They must be citizens of the United States, have resided one year in this State, and reside in the district from which they are nominated. They cannot hold any other office of honor or profit under this State, and no officer of the United States can be chosen or appointed an elector. Election. On the Tuesday next after the first Monday in Nov- ember, 1908, and every fourth year thereafter. Duties. The electors chosen meet at the seat of government of this State on the second Monday of January after their election, and cast their ballots for President and for Vice- President of the United States separately; one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State as them- selves, for a term of four years, beginning on the fourth day of March succeeding the date when the electors were elected. This vote is counted, three lists made of all persons voted for, and the votes received by each certified, signed, and transmitted by the electors, one by mail and one by the hand of one of their number, to the President of the United ELECTIVE OFFICERS, NATIONAL 101 States Senate, and the third list is deposited with the Judge of the United States District Court for the district in which the electors are assembled. On the second Wednesday of February following, the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States meet in joint session and count the votes of the electors of this and other States and declare the result. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In case no one receives the required majority of the votes of the presidential electors for President, the election then goes into the House of Representatives, which must choose a President from among the three persons securing the highest number of votes of the presidential electors. The voting in the House must be done by States, each State having but one vote. The vote of a majority of the States is necessary for a choice. If the House does not make a choice before the fourth day of March following the meeting of the electors, being the date when the Congress expires, the person selected for Vice-President must act as President. In case there is no election of President or Vice-President, or in case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice-President, then the Secretary of State acts as President, with succession to the following officers: Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster- General, .Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Interior, Secre- tary of Agriculture, and Secretary of Commerce and Labor in the order namecf. The acting President, in case Congress is not in ses- sion at the time of the vacancy, must call a special session of the Congress, giving twenty days' notice. ELECTION OF VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE SENATE, If no person receives a majority of the votes of the presidential electors for Vice-President, the Senate must select one from the two persons having the highest number of votes on the list of those voted for by the electors. Two-thirds of the whole number of the senators must be present and the majority of the whole number is necessary for a choice. NATURALIZATION AND CITIZENSHIP A person may be a citizen of the United States, either by birth or by naturalization. In case of naturalization it may be "By Act of Congress," which occurs in case of certain children, without direct action on their part, as hereinafter stated; or by taking out a cer- tificate of naturalization upon order of a court having jurisdiction. CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH All persons born (excluding Indians not taxed), or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States; even though the parents of a person so born within the United States are not citizens, the person so born in this country and subject to its jurisdiction is a citizen. CITIZENSHIP "BY ACT OF CONGRESS" AMERICAN WIFE OF FOREIGNER Act of Congress March 2, 1907. Sec. 3. Any American woman who marries a foreigner takes the nationality of her husband, but when the marriage relation is ended she may regain her American citizenship by residing here. FOREIGN-BORN WIFE Sec. 4. Any foreign-born woman marrying an American citi- zen becomes an American citizen and remains such after the mar- riage relation is ended if she remains here, or if abroad registers with the United States Consul her intention to remain an Ameri- can citizen. FOREIGN-BORN CHILD Sec. 5. A child born to aliens without the United States is a citizen if his parents become naturalized here or resume citizen- ship in America during the child's minority and the child's citizen- ship begins with its permanent residence here. 102 CITIZENSHIP BY ACT OF CONGRESS 103 Sec. 6. Children who are born abroad, but who are citizens of the United States under the provisions of Sec. 1993 of the Rev. Stat, of U. S. (see note 1 below), and who continue to reside abroad must, in order to receive the protection of this Government, record with the United States Consul, when they become eighteen years of age, their intention to become residents and remain citizens of the United States, and they must take the oath of allegiance to the United States when they reach their majority. [Note 1. (Sec. 1993.) All children heretofore born or hereafter born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers were or may be at the time of their birth, cit- izens thereof, are declared to be citizens of the United States; but the rights of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States.] INDIANS By numerous acts of Congress from 1866 and 1867 down to the act of February 8, 1887, as amended by the acts of March 3, 1901, and of April 26, 1906, citizenship is extended under certain condi- tions to the members of the five tribes and other Indians in Indian Territory (now a part of the State of Oklahoma). By the act of Congress of June 16, 1906, authorizing the admis- sion of the Territories of Oklahoma and Indian Territory as one State, under the name of Oklahoma, all male persons, members of any Indian tribe or nation in those two Territories, are given full voting rights as citizens and the people of those Territories are to be admitted on conditions named in the act (which have since been fulfilled) into the Union as citizens on an equal footing with the people of the original States. By act of Congress of May 8, 1906, every Indian to whom an allotment of land has been made under, the laws and who has re- ceived a patent for lands under the act, and every Indian born in the United States who has voluntarily taken up his residence within its limits separate and apart from any tribe of Indians and adopted the habits of civilized life, is declared to be a citizen of the United States and entitled to the benefit of, and subject to, its laws and to all the rights, privileges, and immunities of citizens. SUMMARY OF THE NATURALIZATION LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF THE REGULA- TIONS MADE THEREON The act of Congress of June 29, 1906, is an act to provide for a Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, and a uniform rule for the naturalization of aliens throughout the United States. Sec. 1. The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization in the Department of Commerce and Labor is created to be under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor and has charge of all matters concerning the naturalization of aliens. Sec. 2. The office of the Bureau of Immigration and Naturali- zation is to be at Washington, D. C. Sec. 3. Exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens as citizens of the United States is conferred upon the United States circuit and district courts, the United States district courts for the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, Hawaii, and Alaska, the supreme court of the district of Columbia, and upon all courts of record in any State or Territory having a seal, a clerk and jurisdiction in actions at law or equity in which the amount in controversy is unlimited. This jurisdiction to naturalize aliens extends only to such aliens as reside within the respective judicial districts of such courts. The courts are to be furnished with the necessary blank forms and cer- tificates of naturalization by the above bureau. Sec. 4. An alien may become a citizen of the United States in the following manner: 1. By declaring on oath before the clerk of any such court, at least two years prior to his admission and after he is eighteen years of age, that it is his purpose to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce all allegiance whatsoever to any foreign prince or state; but no alien who has in conformity to law declared his intention to become a citizen prior to the passage of this act is required to renew his declaration. 2. By riling in any such court in the district where he has re- sided for at least one year before the filing and not less than two years nor more than seven years after he has made such a decla- ration of intention, a petition in duplicate in writing signed by him and sworn to, giving his full name, place of residence (by street and number, if possible), occupation, date and place of birth, place from which he emigrated, date and place of his arrival in the United States, and the time when, and the place and court where he de- clared his intention to become a citizen, giving name of wife, if he 104 SUMMARY OF NATURALIZATION LAWS 105 is married, the country of her birth and her place of residence, and the name, place and date of birth and residence of each child living; and declaring that he is not a disbeliever in, or opposed to organized government, or a member of, or affiliated with any so- ciety teaching disbelief in or opposed to organized government, that he is not a polygamist or believer in polygamy, that it is his intention to reside permanently in the United States and to become a citizen thereof, and to renounce absolutely and forever all alle- giance to any prince, potentate, state or sovereignty and particu- larly that of which he was a subject. The petition must be verified by the affidavits of at least two credible witnesses, residents of the United States who must state that they have personally known the applicant to be a resident of the United States for at least five years continuously and of the State or place in which the application is made for at least one year next preceding the filing of the petition; that they know that the petitioner is of good moral character and in every way qualified in their opinion to be a citizen. There shall be filed with the petition a certificate from the De- partment of Commerce and Labor, if he arrived in the United States after the passage of this act, giving the date, place and manner of his arrival, and the certificate with his declaration of intention to become a citizen shall be attached to the petition. 3. By declaring on oath in open court before he is admitted to citizenship that he will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign or do- mestic, and bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that he renounces and abjures all allegiance to any foreign prince, po- tentate, state or sovereign, and particularly that of which he was before a subject. 4. By making it appear to the satisfaction of the court that the applicant has resided continuously in the United States for five years at least, and in the State or Territory where the court is held at least one year, and that he has during that time behaved as a man of good moral character attached to the principles of the Constitution and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States; and in addition to the oath of the applicant, by the testimony of at least two witnesses, citizens of the United States, as to the moral character and attachment to the principles of the Constitution and the facts of residence, he may be admitted to citizenship. 5. If the applicant has borne any title or has been of any order of nobility in the kingdom or state from which he came, he shall in addition, renounce his title or order of nobility, in the court where his application is made. 6. If an alien who has declared his intention to become a cit- izen dies before he is naturalized, the widow and children of such 106 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL alien may, by complying with the provisions of this act, be natur- alized without making any declaration of intention. Sec. 5. The clerk of the court where the petition is filed shall immediately give notice thereof, by posting in his office or in the building in which it is situated, the name, place of nativity and residence of the applicant, the date and place of his arrival in the United States, the date of the petition and of the final hearing of it, and the names of the witnesses for the applicant. The clerk shall issue subpoenas for the witnesses if the applicant desires. Sec. 6. Petitions for naturalization may be filed whether the court is in session or not; but the final action thereon shall be had only on stated days to be fixed by rule of the court and in no case until at least ninety days have elapsed after the filing of the petition and the posting of the notice; and no person shall be naturalized or any certificate issued for thirty days preceding the holding of any general election in the district where the court sits. The court may at the same time and as a part of the naturali- zation of an alien, upon petition of the latter, by decree, change the name of the alien and issue the certificate of naturalization to him under the new name. Sec. 7. No person who disbelieves in, or is opposed to, organ- ized government, or is a member of, or affiliated with any organiza- tion teaching such disbelief or who advocates or teaches the duty, necessity or propriety of assaulting or killing any officer of the Government of the United States or of any other organized government, or who is a polygamist, shall be naturalized or made a citizen. Sec. 8. No alien shall be naturalized or admitted as a citizen who can not speak the English language, but this does not apply to aliens who are physically unable to comply therewith, if they are otherwise qualified ; nor does it apply to those who have before this act was passed declared their intention under other laws, nor does it apply to aliens who shall after this act was passed declare their intention to become citizens and shall make homestead entries upon public lands of the United States and comply with the laws for homestead entries. Sec. 9. Any final hearing of such petitions shall be had in open court before a judge thereof. Every final order must be entered upon a record and signed by the judge; and the applicant and the witnesses must be examined under oath in open court. Sec. 10. If the applicant has not resided within the State or District where he applies for naturalization continuously for five years but has resided there for more than one year and has resided in other portions of the United States a sufficient time to make up five years' residence in the United States, this residence may be proved by deposition of two or more witnesses, citizens of the United States, upon notice to the Bureau of Immigration and Nat- SUMMARY OF NATURALIZATION LAWS 107 uralization and the United States attorney for the district in which the witnesses reside. Sec. 11. The United States has the right to appear before any court exercising jurisdiction in naturalization proceedings and to cross-examine the petitioner and witnesses, and shall have the right to produce witnesses and evidence and be heard in opposition to the petition. Sec. 12. It is the duty of the Clerk of the Court to keep a duplicate of each declaration of intention made before him and to send to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization in Wash- ington, within thirty days after its issuance, a duplicate of each certificate of citizenship issued, and within the same time to report to the bureau the name of each alien who shall have been denied naturalization. The clerk of the court is made responsible for all blank certificates sent to the court by the bureau. Sec. 13. The fees of the clerk are $1 for receiving a declara- tion of intention and issuing a duplicate thereof; $2 for filing a peti- tion of intention and issuing a duplicate thereof; $2 for filing a petition and entering the final hearing; and $2 for entering the final order and issuing the certificate of citizenship. The applicant must also pay the expense of subpoenaing the witnesses and their legal witness fees if they demand the same. Sec. 15. It is the duty of the United States district attorneys, upon affidavits showing good cause therefor, to institute proceed- ings for the purpose of setting aside any certificate of citizenship on the ground of fraud or that it was illegally procured. The party holding such certificate is to have sixty days' notice in which to make answer. If he is absent from the United States, notice may be given by publication. If any alien who has secured a certificate under this act shall within five years after its issue, return to his native country or go to any foreign country and take permanent residence therein, it shall be considered sufficient evidence of a lack of intention to be- come a permanent citizen of the United States and sufficient to authorize the cancellation of his certificate as fraudulent. All diplomatic and consular officers of the United States in foreign countries are required to furnish the Government the names of all those naturalized citizens of the United States who have taken up permanent residence abroad and the statements of these officers is made evidence in all courts in proceedings to cancel the certifi- cates held by such persons. The provisions of this section apply also to certificates issued before this act under prior laws. Sec. 16. Makes the forging or counterfeiting or knowingly aiding or assisting in forging or counterfeiting a certificate of citizenship, with intent to use the same or that it may be used by some other person, a felony, to be punished by fine or imprisonment, or both. 108 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Sec. 17. Makes it unlawful to engrave or assist in engraving any plate designed for the printing of a certificate of citizenship, to sell any such plate or to bring it into the United States, or to have in one's possession any such engraved plate or to make, print or photograph the likeness of any such certificate or any part thereof, or to sell any such certificate or to have in one's possession the dis- tinctive paper adopted by the proper officers of the United States for the printing of such certificates, with intent to unlawfully use the same; and provides punishment by fine or imprisonment or by both. Sec. 18. It is made a felony for a clerk or for any other person to issue certificates of citizenship contrary to this act. Sec. 19. Provides that every person who without lawful excuse is possessed of blank certificates of citizenship, with intent to un- lawfully use the same, shall be imprisoned or fined. Sec. 21. It is unlawful for any clerk or his assistant to de- mand, charge, collect or receive any fees or moneys in a natu- ralization proceeding save those above specified. Violation may be punished by fine or imprisonment or by both. Sec. 23. That any person who knowingly procures naturaliza- tion in violation of the act shall be fined or imprisoned or both, and upon conviction the court shall declare the order admitting such person to citizenship void. Any person who knowingly aids, advises or encourages any person not entitled thereto to apply for or se- cure naturalization or to file preliminary papers declaring intent, or who procures or gives false testimony in such proceeding or makes a false affidavit as to any material fact required to be proved in such proceeding shall be fined or imprisoned, or both. Sec. 24. No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any crime under this act unless the proceeding is begun within five years after the crime was committed. Sec. 27. Gives forms to be used in naturalization proceedings. Sec. 28. Gives Secretary of Commerce and Labor power to make regulations to carry this act into effect. Sec. 30. All persons not citizens of, but who owe permanent allegiance to the United States, may when they become residents of any State or organized Territory become citizens, without re- nouncing allegiance to any foreign sovereignty, by making a dec- laration of intention at least two years before admission. OTHER NATURALIZATION LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES NOW IN FORCE Act of Cong. May 6, 1882. No state court or court of the United States shall hereafter admit Chinese to citizenship. Rev. Stat. U. S., 1875, Sec. 2169. The naturalization laws are declared to apply to and to admit aliens being free white per- SUMMARY OF NATURALIZATION LAWS 109 sons and aliens being of African nativity and persons of African descent. Sec. 2171, same. No person who is a native citizen or subject or "denizen of any country at war with the United States at the time of his application shall be then admitted to become a citizen. Sec. 2166. Any alien twenty-one years old who has enlisted or may enlist in the regular or volunteer armies of the United States or has been or may be hereafter honorably discharged shall be ad- mitted as a citizen upon his petition, without any previous decla- ration of intention to become such and he shall not be required to prove more than one year's residence in the United States, but shall furnish satisfactory proof of residence, good moral character and of having been honorably discharged. Sec. 2174. Every seaman, being a foreigner, who declares his intention of becoming a citizen and who shall have served three years on board of a merchant vessel of the United States subsequent to the date of his declaration may be admitted as a citizen and he shall be deemed a citizen for the purpose of manning and serving on board any merchant vessel of the United States and for all pur- poses of protection as an American citizen. Act of Cong., July 26, 1894. Any alien twenty-one years old who has enlisted or may enlist in the United States Navy or Marine Corps and who has served five consecutive years in the Navy or one enlistment in the Marine Corps and has been honorably discharged, shall upon presentation of his petition without any previous declaration to become a citizen and upon furnishing satis- factory proof of good moral character and of his service and hon- orable discharge, be admitted as a citizen. Act of Cong., March 2, 1907. Applicant for Naturalization Protected in Foreign Country. Sec. 1. When a person has made a declaration of intention to become a citizen and has lived in the United States for three years, a passport may be issued to him entitling him for six months to the protection of this government while in any foreign country except that country of which he was before a citizen. When a citizen by birth or naturalization loses his right as such. Sec. 2. Any American citizen loses his right as such by be- coming naturalized in, or taking an oath of allegiance to, a foreign state. Any naturalized citizen of the United States who returns to a residence in the foreign state from which he came for two years or resides for five years in any other foreign state ceases to be an American citizen. No American citizen can expatriate himself (transfer his allegiance to another country) when this country is at war. 110 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL NATURALIZATION REGULATIONS MADE BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND LABOR Last issue dated September 23, 1907. The following are deemed all that are of direct interest to the citizen or voter. 2. Declarations of intention properly made prior to September 27, 1906, may be used in obtaining citizenship at any time after the expiration of two years from date when they were made. 3. This act taking effect September 27, 1906, aliens who made declaration of intention prior to that date are not required to file new declarations under this act. Aliens who made their declarations of intention prior to Sep- tember 27, 1906, must comply with all requirements of the act of June 29th in filing petitions and furnishing proof except that they will not be required to speak the English language or sign petitions in their own handwriting. 4. Aliens who declare their intention after September 27, 1906, and file petitions must sign the petitions in their own handwriting and must be able to speak the English language. If an alien is physically unable to speak, that fact should be stated in his petition. Aliens who arrive in the United States before reaching eighteen years of age, can not obtain citizenship without making a declara- tion of intention which may be made at their established residence after they reached the age of eighteen. 9. No certificate of naturalization shall be issued until the judge has signed the order to that effect. 21. No declaration of intention or petition for naturalization shall be received from aliens other than white persons and persons of African nativity or descent, nor from persons not residing in the judicial district within which the court is held. Under the above laws and regulations the Circuit Courts in the several counties of Illinois including the Circuit and Superior Courts of Cook County are the only State Courts having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens or to take declarations of intention to become citizens. These courts have fixed special days in each county for the hearing of petitions for naturalization. In the Superior Court of Cook County on Fridays. In the Circuit Court of Cook County on Saturdays. NATURALIZATION REGULATIONS 111 In other counties of the State these dates can be obtained from the Clerk of Circuit Court at the county seat. The United States Circuit and District Courts in the several Districts in Illinois also have power to naturalize aliens. NATURALIZATION BY A COURT The act of naturalization is divided into two general parts: 1. The Declaration of Intention or "First Papers." 2. The Final Papers. The Declaration of Intention is performed by filing with the clerk of one of the courts named above, or his deputy, a paper, under oath or affirmation, stating the applicant's intention to be- come a citizen of the United States, and to renounce allegiance to any and all foreign rulers, states, or sovereignties; also giving the name, age, occupation, personal description, place of birth, last foreign residence and allegiance, date of arrival, the name of vessel, if any, in which he came to the United States, and the present place of residence of said alien. The person filing such declaration must be at least 18 years old and must reside within the jurisdiction of the court in which the papers are filed. Any person who filed his declaration under the former law need not renew it under the present law. WHEN " FIRST PAPERS " NOT REQUIRED The filing of the declaration of intention or " first papers " is not required in the following cases: 1. When an alien has been honorably discharged from the Tinted States Army, either as a regular or volunteer; providing he be at least 21 years of age, and has resided in this country at least one year. 2. When an alien (at least 21 years of age) has been honor- ably discharged from the United States Navy or Marine Corps, after serving five consecutive years in the Navy or one enlistment in said Marine Corps. 3. When the father of the alien filed a declaration of intention while the alien was still a minor, and said father died before com- pleting his naturalization. 112 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL In all of the above cases it is still necessary for the person desiring to become naturalized to secure final papers before he can become a citizen; but the honorable discharge in the first two cases and the dec- laration of the deceased father in the last case, waives the necessity for first papers. FINAL PAPERS Petition — When Filed. Not less than two years nor more than seven years after he has filed his declaration of intention, the ap- plicant shall file his petition for final papers. Where Filed. This petition must be filed in one of the courts named above, but need not be in the court in which the first papers were taken out. How Signed. The petition must be signed by applicant in his own handwriting; providing, if applicant filed his declaration of intention before June 29, 1906, the petition need not be signed in his own handwriting. Contents. The petition shall contain the information required by law as to applicant, his arrival in this country, and his family. It shall be in duplicate and sworn to. Affidavits of Two Witnesses, etc. Attached to the petition shall be the affidavits of at least two credible witnesses, citizens of the United States, who swear that they have personally known the applicant to be a resident of the United States for at least five years continuously, and of the State of Illinois at least one year imme- diately preceding, and that he is of good moral character and qual- ified to be admitted as a citizen. If the applicant arrived in this country after June 29, 1906, there shall also be attached a certificate from the Department of Commerce and Labor, giving date, etc., of arrival and taking out of first papers. QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED In order to receive his final papers as a citizen, the person: 1. Must have resided in the United States continuously for at least five years immediately preceding. 2. Must have resided in the State of Illinois for at least one year immediately preceding, and be of good moral character and attached to the principles of the Constitution. NATURALIZATION REGULATIONS 113 3. Must intend to become a citizen of the United States and to reside permanently therein, and to renounce all allegiance to any foreign ruler, state, or sovereignty. 4. Must not be an anarchist. 5. Must not be a polygamist. 6. Must not have been denied admission as a citizen, or, if denied, the cause therefor must no longer exist. 7. Must speak the English language, unless physically unable. Provided: that this requirement shall not apply to those who made declaration of intention before June 29, 1906, or to persons making homestead entries on public lands. HEARING BY COURT AND ISSUING FINAL PAPERS The hearing shall be had before the judge, in open court, not less than 90 days after the filing of the petition. The applicant shall declare on oath that he will support the Constitution and laws of the United States and that he renounces all allegiance to every foreign ruler, state, or sovereignty. Two witnesses shall also testify as to the residence and character of applicant and his desir- ability as a citizen. The United States may, if it desires, appear by its authorized officer before the court to cross-examine the ap- plicant and witnesses. If necessary, providing the applicant proves his one year's residence in the State by oral testimony, he may prove the remainder of the five years' residence in the United States by deposition. If the court is satisfied that the applicant is entitled to citizen- ship according to law, it shall enter an order to that effect, and the applicant shall then receive his final papers and become a citizen. No person shall be naturalized or receive final papers within 30 days preceding any general election to be held within the jurisdic- tion of the court. Any seaman, being a foreigner, who declares his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States, and thereafter serves three years upon a merchant vessel of the United States, may then be given his final papers by application to a court having jurisdic- tion, upon production of his declaration of intention and certificate of discharge and good conduct. 114 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Fees. For filing declaration of intention and issuing copy, $1.00; for making and filing petition for final papers and hearing thereon, $2.00; for entering final order and issuing final papers, $2.00; also the regular charges if the applicant wishes witnesses subpoenaed; and the witnesses fees, if they demand same. No other charges are allowed. LIST OF APPOINTIVE STATE OFFICERS BY THE GOVERNOR Adjutant-General. Brigadier-General and Chief of Staff. Salary $3,000. Assistant Adjutant-General. Colonel. Salary $2,000. Quartermaster-General. Colonel. Commissary General. Chief of Ordinance. Colonel. Inspector-General. Colonel. Surgeon-General. Colonel. Judge Advocate General. Colonel. General Inspector of Rifle Practice. Colonel. 10 Aides-de-camp. All •officers of the rank of General in the Illinois National Guard. Commissioners of Deeds for Illinois in other States, Territories and the District of Columbia and any foreign country, not ex- ceeding five in any one city or county, and one for every additional 10,000 inhabitants of any city in other States and Territories. Holds office four years. 1 Director of State Pawners' Society. Holds office two }-ears. 5 Fish Wardens, on request of Fish Commission. Salary $900 per annum. 1 or more Deputy Fish Wardens in each county, upon rec- ommendation of Fish Commission. Paid by fees and fines. 10 State Inspectors of Mines. Salary $1,800 per annum, and trav- eling expenses. Hold office two years. 1 State Veterinary Surgeon. Salary $8 per day while employed, and traveling expenses. 1 State Entomologist. 2 Members Board of Voting Machine Commissioners. Term four years. Paid by fees, but compensation not to exceed $1,500 per annum and expenses. 1 Member State Geological Commission. Term four years. No compensation allowed. 115 116 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL 1 Printer Expert. Salary $2,500. Holds office during pleasure of the Governor. 1 Factory Inspector. Term four years. Salary $2,000 per annum. 1 Assistant Factory Inspector. Salary $1,250 per annum. IS Deputy Inspectors, of whom 7 shall be women. Salary $1000. Hold office during good service. 1 President and 6 Commissioners for any Forest Preserve District. 5 Members of Illinois State Board of Dental Examiners. Term five years. 7 West Chicago Park Commissioners. Term seven years. Serve without compensation, except the President, who may re- ceive a salary not to exceed $4,000 per annum. They may choose one of their number as President and one as Auditor and appoint a Treasurer and a Secretary. BY THE GOVERNOR WITH ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE STATE SENATE 1 Insurance Superintendent. Term four years from May 1, 1905. Salary $3,500. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbondale. Term six years. i Notaries Public. Term four years, unless removed by the Gov- ernor. Paid by fees fixed by law. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Eastern Illinois State Nor- mal School. Term four years. No compensation. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Northern Illinois State Nor- mal School at De Kalb. Term four years. No compensation. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Western Illinois State Nor- mal School at Macomb. Term four years. No compensa- tion. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois State Historical Library at Springfield. Term two years. No compensa- tion. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois School for the Deaf at Jacksonville. Term six years. No compensation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois School for the Blind at Jacksonville. Term six years. No compensation. OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY GOV. AND A SENATE 117 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind at Chicago. Term two years. No compen- sation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary at Chicago. Term six years. No compen- sation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville. Term six years. No com- pensation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin. Term six years. No compensa- tion. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane at Anna. Term six years. No compensa- tion. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Western Hospital for the Insane at Watertown. Term six years. No com- pensation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane at Kankakee. Term six years. No compen- sation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of the Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane at Bartonville, Peoria County. Term six years. No compensation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Illinois Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children at Lincoln. Term six years. No compen- sation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of the Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Normal. Term six years. No compensation. 3 Members of the Board of Trustees of Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy. Term six years. No compensation. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois ^at Wilmington. Term four years. No compensa- tion. 3 Members of the Board of Commissioners of Illinois State Peni- tentiary at Joliet. Term six years. Salary $1,500 per an- num. 118 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL 3 Members of the Board of Commissioners of Southern Penitentiary at Chester. Term six years. Salary $1,500 per annum. 5 Members of the Board of Managers of State Reformatory at Pon- - tiac. Term ten years. Salary $1,200 per annum. 5 Members of the Board of Trustees of the State Home for Juve- nile Female Offenders (State Training School for Girls), at Geneva. Term three years. No compensation. 7 Members of the Board of Trustees of St. Charles School for Boys at St. Charles. Term three years. No compensa- tion. 3 Live Stock Commissioners. Compensation $5 per day for time actually employed. Term three years. 3 Members of the Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners. Term two years. Salary $3,500 per annum. 1 Chief Grain Inspector in each county where is located a warehouse of Class "A" or Class "B." Term two years. Salary fixed by the Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners. 5 Commissioners of Labor (created by act of May 29, 1879). Term two years. Salary $5 per day for thirty days each year. 5 Members of State Mining Board. Term two years. Appointed by Commissioners of Labor. Salary $5 per day for not to exceed 100 days per annum. Secretary of this board is appointed by the board. 3 Members of the State Board of Arbitration (created by act of August 2, 1895). Term three years. Salary $1,500 per annum. Secretary of this board is selected by the board and must be a stenographer. Salary $2,500 per annum. Members of the State Board of Health. Term seven years. No compensation. 5 Members of the State Board of Pharmacy. Term five years. Salary $5 per day while actually engaged in work of the board. Secretary of this board is appointed by board. Salary $2,500 per annum. OFFICIALS APPOIXTED BY GOV. AND SENATE 119 5 Members of the State Board of Examiners of Architects. Term four years. Salary $10 per day while actually engaged. One of the members is elected by them as Secretary. Salary $1,500 per annum. 7 Commissioners of Lincoln Park, Chicago. Term five years. Serve without compensation. 3 Commissioners of Illinois and Michigan Canal. Office at Lock- port. Term two years. Salary $5 per day while employed in duties of the office. Superintendent of Canal is appointed by the commissioners. 3 Fish Commissioners. Headquarters at Havana. Term three years. No compensation. 3 Judges of the Court of Claims. Office at Springfield. Term four years. Salary $1,500 per annum. Bailiff of the Court is appointed by the Presiding Judge. Salary $3 per day while actually employed. 14 Members of the State Board of Education and Trustees of State Normal University. Term six years. No compensation. Treasurer of this board is appointed by the board. 5 Members of the State Board of Charities. Office at Springfield . Term five years. No compensation. Secretary of this board is appointed by the board. 3 Members of the State Board of Pardons. Office at Springfield. Term three years. Salary $2,000 per annum. This board appoints a Clerk. Salary $2,000 per annum. 1 State Food Commissioner. Office in Chicago. Term four years. Salary $2,500 per annum. 2 Assistant Commissioners, one being known as State Analyst, are appointed by the Commissioners with advice and consent of the Governor. Salary $1,800 per annum. Assistant Analyst appointed temporarily by commissioners. 6 Inspectors of Food appointed by the commissioners. Salary $3 per day. 1 State Game Commissioner. Office at Springfield. Term four years. Salary $2,500 per annum. Commissioner may appoint, with approval of the Governor, 10 Game Wardens. Salary $900 per annum. 120 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL He may appoint three Deputy Game Wardens in each county. Salary $2 per day and one-half of fines received on their complaint. 4 State Agents to enforce the law in reference to cruelty to animals. Term two years. Salary SI ,200 per annum. 1 State Architect. Term 4 four years. Salary $5,000 per annum. 4 Superintendents of Illinois Free Employment Offices. Term two years. Salary SI, 500 per annum. 4 Assistant Superintendents of Illinois Free Employment Offices. Term two years. Salary $1,200 per annum. (Women.) 4 Clerks of Illinois Free Employment Offices. Term two years. Salary $1,000 per annum. (The 12 last named officers are to be recommended by the State Board of Commissioners of Labor. ) 3 Members of the State Civil Service Commission. Term six years. Salary $3,000 per annum. This board may apppoint one or more examiners. Salary of Chief Examiner $2,500 per annum. Other examiners re- ceive $5 per day while employed. 3 Members of State Highway Commission. Office at Springfield. Term two years. No compensation. 1 State Highway Engineer is appointed by the commission, who fix his salary. 1 Public Administrator for each county in the State in 1905 and every fourth year thereafter. Term four years. Paid by fees fixed by law. In addition to the officers named above, there are a great num- ber of subordinate officers appointed by the above boards and heads of departments not under civil service rules. APPOINTMENTS UNDER STATE CIVIL SERVICE LAW By the act of May 11, 1905, to regulate the civil service of the State of Illinois, and the amendments thereto, the last of which was approved April 19, 1907, a State Civil Sendee Commission was created which consists of three commissioners. It is the duty of the commission to classify the offices and places of employment OFFICIALS OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES 121 in the several charitable institutions of the State and in all insti- tutions where the Board of State Charities exercises supervising or visiting power, and no appointment to any such position or place can be made except under the civil service rules. The com- mission makes rules to carry out the act and provides for the ex- amination of applicants for those positions and is authorized to make appointments and to remove such officials under the rules adopted. No employee included within the civil service can be removed or reduced in grade or compensation except as provided for in this law. The reader will notice that the State Civil Service law does not apply to any elective officer of the State or to any of the heads of departments, or the subordinate officials and employees of either the executive, legislative, or judicial departments of the State government. By the Act of 1907 it was enacted that the state civil service law should not apply to members of charitable boards, trustees, treas- urers and commissioners, superintendents of charitable institutions and one chief clerk or deputy and one stenographer for each institution. OFFICIALS SELECTED BY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES State Board of Agriculture (created by act of April 15, 1872, re- vised by act of June 23, 1883), is a corporation consisting of a President and one Vice-President from each congressional .district in the State, and the last ex-President of the State Board of Agriculture. The President and Vice-Presidents are to be elected at the fair grounds on Wednesday of the annual State fair, 190S, and every second year thereafter, by the delegates or their written proxies, chosen by the sev- eral agricultural societies in the counties where societies exist. Where such societies exist, counties having one so- ciety appoint three delegates, counties having two societies appoint two delegates, each having one and a half votes, and counties having three societies, each society appoints one. They take office on the second Tuesday of January after their election and hold office for two years. 122 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture is appointed and compensation fixed by the board. He holds office during their term, but may be removed by the board for good cause. Treasurer of State Board of Agriculture is appointed and his compensation fixed by the board. He gives bond as the board may direct, and holds office during the term for which the board was elected, but may be removed by the board for good cause. Illinois Farmers' Institute (created by act of June 24, 1895), is a public corporation consisting of three delegates from each county of the State, elected annually at the Farmers' Insti- tute for the county. Its affairs are managed by the Board of Directors, consisting of the Superintendent of Public In- struction, Professor of Agriculture in the University of Illi- nois, and the Presidents of the State Boards of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Dairymen's Association, and one member from each congressional district, to be selected by the dele- gates present from the district at the annual meeting They hold office two years. The members are selected by the delegates one year from, the oven-numbered districts, and the next year from the odd-numbered districts. President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Farmers' Institute are elected by the Board of Directors for one year, beginning July 1st following their election. The salary of the Secretary is $2,000 a year, payable monthly. The board may employ superintendents, speakers, and clerks and provide for their compensation. Illinois State Horticultural Society (created by act of March 24, 1874), is a public corporation. Its affairs are managed by an executive board consisting of its President and Secre- tary and the President and one Vice-President from each of the Northern, Central, and Southern Horticultural Societies of the State. The term of office of the officers and the exec- utive board is not fixed by law. STATE BOARDS EX OFFICIO 123 STATE BOARDS EX OFFICIO STATE CANVASSING BOARD Created by Act of April 3, 1872 The Governor. The Secretary of State. The Auditor of Public Accounts. The State Treasurer. The Attorney-General. COMMISSIONERS OF STATE CONTRACTS Created by Act of March 31, 1874 The Secretary of State. The Auditor of Public Accounts. The State Treasurer. The Attorney-General. COMMISSIONERS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Created by Act of May 18, 1905 The Governor. The Lieutenant-Governor. The Secretary of State. The Auditor of Public Accounts. The State Treasurer. The Attorney-General. Three Judges of Supreme Court. COMMISSIONERS OF THE STATE LIBRARY Created by Act of March 6, 1867 The Governor. The Secretary of State. The Superintendent of Public Instruction. TRUSTEES OF THE LINCOLN HOMESTEAD Created by Act of June 16, 1887 The Governor. The Secretary of State. The Auditor of Public Accounts. The State Treasurer. The Superintendent of Public Instruction. 124 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL TRUSTEES OF THE LINCOLN MONUMENT Created by Act of May 18, 1895 The Superintendent of Public Instruction. The State Treasurer. TRUSTEES OF THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Created by Act of May 25, 1877 The Governor. The Secretary of State. The Superintendent of Public Instruction. FORT MASSAC TRUSTEES Created by Act of May 15, 1903 The Governor. The Secretary of State. The Auditor of Public Accounts. The State Regent Illinois Daughters of American Revolution. Two Illinois Daughters of American Revolution. BOARD OF PRISON INDUSTRIES Created by Act of May 11, 1903 Commissioners of the Illinois State Penitentiary. Commissioners of Southern Illinois Penitentiary. Board of Managers of Illinois State Reformatory. APPOINTED BY THE STATE SENATE President of Senate pro tern. Secretary and 2 Assistants. Sergeant at Arms and 2 Assistants. Postmaster and 1 Assistant. 3 Policemen. 7 Pages. Committee Clerks not to exceed 10 in number. Private Secretary of Presiding Officer. BY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Presiding Officer of said House. Clerk and 3 Assistants. Doorkeeper and 3 Assistants. OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY SENATE AND HOUSE 125 Postmaster and 1 Assistant. 4 Policemen. 10 Pages. Private Secretary of Presiding Officer. Committee Clerks not to exceed 13 in number, BY JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT 1 Private Secretary for each Justice, who must be a licensed at- torney. 5 Members Board of Law Examiners. Reporter for the Court. Librarian. BY CIRCUIT JUDGES AND JUDGES OF SUPERIOR COURT OF COOK COUNTY AND OF THE CITY COURTS OTHER THAN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF CHICAGO 1 Master in Chancery by each of these judges. Term two years. 1 Shorthand Reporter by each Circuit Judge. (In Cook County only when authorized by the County Board. ) BY THE JUDGES OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COOK COUNTY 5 Commissioners of the South Parks. Term five years. Serve without compensation. The board may appoint a Secretary and a Treasurer. LIST OF APPOINTIVE COUNTY OFFICERS BY THE JUDGES OF THE COURTS OF RECORD IN EVERY COUNTY OF 250,000 POPULATION (CIRCUIT, SUPERIOR, COUNTY, AND PROBATE COURTS IN COOK COUNTY, 3 Jury Commissioners. Term three years. Salary $1,500 per annum. The Jury Commissioners may appoint a Clerk and the required number of assistants at salaries to be fixed by the County Board, not to exceed $2,000 and $1,200, respectively. BY THE COUNTY COURT 3 Election Commissioners in each city, village, and incorporated town adopting what is known as the " City Election Law " of June 19, 1885. (Chicago and East St. Louis have adopted it.) Term three years. Salary in counties of 1st class — $500; in counties of 2d class — $700; and in counties of 3d class (Cook), — $2,500 per annum. These commissioners elect one of their number as Chairman and one as Secretary. A Chief Clerk is employed by the board. Salary $400, $1,200, and $4,000, respectively, in the several classes of counties. 1 Oil Inspector for each township in the county outside of incor- porated cities, towns, and villages. Term one year. The Clerks of Superior and Circuit Courts and of the Supreme Court, Probate and County Courts, and of the City Courts each appoint Deputy Clerks. The Sheriff and Coroner each appoint Deputies. BY RECORDERS OF DEEDS AND EX OFFICIO RECORDERS OF DEEDS AS REGISTRARS OF TITLE UNDER TORRENS LAW Deputy Registrars of Title in each county adopting the Torrens system. 2 Attorneys as'Examiners of Title in each county adopting the Torrens system. 126 APPOINTIVE BOUNTY: 'OFFICERS 127 BY COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS IN COUNTIES UNDER TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION 1 Overseer of the Poor for each town of over 4,000 population. (On request of Supervisor of the town, who is ex officio Overseer of the Poor. ) Term of office and compensation are fixed by the board. 3 Inspectors of Toll Roads (if any such road exists in the county). Term two years. Compensation $3 for each day actually employed in such work. BY COUNTY BOARD IN COUNTIES NOT UNDER TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION 1 ( )verseer of the Poor in each Precinct (a Justice of the Peace may be designated by the board to perform this duty). 3 Fence Viewers. In each Precinct appointed in December for a term of one year. 3 Viewers to locate new roads on each petition of voters therefor. Compensation fixed by the County Board. 1 Supervisor of Roads in each Road District in counties adopting the Road and Bridge act of May 10, 1901. (The counties not under township organization are divided by the County Board into Road Districts. ) Appointed in December for term of one year. Compensation fixed by the County Board. 3 Commissioners of Highways in each Road District under act of May 4, 1887. Term of office three years. Compensation SI. 50 per day for time actually employed in their work. 1 District Clerk in each Road District, who is also Treasurer of the Board of Highway Commissioners for his district. Term three years. Is allowed a per diem charge for service's at meetings of the board; also certain fees and commissions on moneys received and paid. BY COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS IN EACH TOWN 1 Overseer of Highways in each Road District in towns where the road tax is paid in labor. Term of office one year. Is en- titled to $1.25 per day for every day necessarily employed. LIST OF APPOINTIVE OFFICERS FOR COOK COUNTY BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNTY BOARD 3 Civil Service Commissioners. Term three years. Salary $2,000 per annum. BY THE PRESIDENT WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 1 Superintendent of Public Service. Term two years. Salary $5,000 per annum. 1 County Attorney. Term two years. Salary $4,200 per annum 1 Auditor of County Board. Term two years. Salary $3,000. 1 Warden, Cook County Hospital. Term two years. Salary $3,240. 1 County Physician. Term two years. Salary $2,500 per annum. 1 Superintendent of County Institutions at Dunning. Term two years. Salary $3,240 per annum. 1 County Agent. Term two years. Salary $3,000 per annum. 1 County Architect. Term two years. There are a large number of subordinate officers and employees of the county in addition to the heads of department, etc., above named. APPOINTMENTS UNDER COUNTY CIVIL SERVICE LAW All the subordinate officials and employees who act under the control and jurisdiction of the Board of Commissioners are classified, appointed, and hold their places under the civil service laws relating to Cook County of which there are three classes: 1. A general law in force July 1, 1895, as amended by a law in force July 1, 1905, which places under the merit rule the employees of all the county departments, and institutions which are under the control of the Board of Commissioners, except the officials ap- pointed by the President or by the board, named in the above list. 2. An act in force July 1, 1905, placing the physicians and surgeons of the County Hospital under civil service. 128 COOK COUNTY CIVIL SERVICE LAW 129 3. An act of the same date placing the Probation Officers of the Juvenile Court under civil service rules. These laws are administered by a commission of three members appointed one each year by the President of the Board. Each appointee serves three years in rotation, and not more than two of them are of the same political party. This board adopted rules taking effect January 2, 1903, classifying all subordinate officers and employees of the county subject to the civil service and providing for their examination, appointment, and promotion. These laws do not include the subordinate officers of, or em- ployees in the offices of the Sheriff, Recorder, County Clerk, Clerks of the Courts, Board of Assessors, or Board of Review, all such employees being appointed by the heads of these offices respectively. The number of such subordinate employees is regulated and fixed by the judges of the courts of record in Cook County who act in the matter on the application by petition of the elected heads of the respective county offices. A bill to regulate the civil service in counties and to include all the employees of the offices last named (except the chief assistants and the various elective officers) under the merit system, was introduced in the legislature February 5, 1907, but failed to become a law. BY THE MAYOR OF A CITY (For list of Chicago officers appointed, see page 131 ) 1 Director of State Pawners' Society. 3 Police Pension Fund Commissioners. 3 Members Board of Fire and Police Commission in cities of popu- lation of 7,000 to 100,000. 3 Directors of Hospital. Term three years. City Collector. City Marshal. City Superintendent of Streets. Corporation Counsel. City Comptroller. Board of Pardons. 3 Civil Service Commissioners. Term three years. Salary $3,000 per annum. 130 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL A Chief Examiner and Secretary is appointed by the commis- sion. 1 or more Police Matrons. In cities of 16,000 or over, to be con- firmed by City Council, etc. In cities of 50,000 or over, not to be confirmed by council. Term one year. 3 Members Examining Board of Plumbers. Term one year. 4 Members Board of Local Improvements in cities of 100,000 pop- ulation or over. Statute names persons in other instances. 3 Members State Art Commission. Examiner or Board of Examiners for persons starting or running elevators. ALSO IN CITIES HAVING 50,000 OR MORE POPULATION THE FOLLOWING: Commissioner \)f Public Works. Term two years. [Salary fixed by City Council. Superintendent of Streets. Term two years. Salary fixed by City Council. Superintendent^ Special Assessments. Term two years. Salary fixed by City Council. Superintendent of Sewers. Term two years. Salary fixed by City Council. City Engineer. Term two years. Salary fixed by City Council. BY PRESIDENT OF VILLAGE OR TOWN BOARD OF TRUSTEES 3 Police Pension Fund Commissioners. Council or Board of Trustees to appoint board to examine persons in charge of steam boilers. Board of Trustees may appoint Examiner or Board of Examiners • for persons in charge or running elevators. President and Board of Trustees to appoint Clerk pro tern. Treasurer. 1 or more Street Commissioners. Village Marshal. BY TRUSTEES OF SANITARY DISTRICT OF CHICAGO 1 Clerk, 1 Treasurer, 1 Chief Engineer, 1 Attorney. OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY MAYOR OF CHICAGO 131 BY THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO Appraisers under leases with city. (By Mayor or Comptroller.) City Weighers (as many as Mayor thinks proper). Chief Matron and such Assistant Matrons as council shall provide for, on first Monday in May of each year. Term one year. Salary Chief Matron $1,000. 3 Civil Service Commissioners. Term three years. Salary $3,000 per annum. 1 Chief Examiner who is also Secretary of the Commission is appointed by it. Salary $3,000 per annum. Deputy Commissioner of Public Works. Salary $3,600 per annum. 3 Inspectors of Public Vehicles. 3 Members of Municipal Art Commission. Private Secretary of Mayor. Salary $3,600 per annum. Superintendent of House of Correction appointed by Mayor with consent of Board of Inspectors of the House. Term four years. Salary $3,000 per annum. BY THE MAYOR OF CHICAGO BY AND WITH THE ADVICE AND CONSENT OF THE CITY COUNCIL Attorney for Police Department. Bridge Tenders (to the number provided for by the council). Building Commissioner. Salary $5,000 per annum. Business Agent. Board of Examiners of Stationary Engineers. Salary $2,000 per annum. 2 Members Board of Examiners of Plumbers. Salary $1,500 per annum. Secretary Board of Examiners of Plumbers. Salary $1,500 per annum. 21 Members of Board of Education. Term three years. No com- pensation. 4 Members of the Board of Local Improvements. Salary fixed by City Council at $4,000 per annum. City Collector. Salary $6,000 per annum. City Electrician. Salary $5,000 per annum. 132 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL City ^Physician. Salary $3,000 per annum. City Sealer. Salary $3,000 per annum. Coal Inspector. Commissioner of Health. Salary $6,000 per annum. Commissioner of Public Works. Salary $10,000 per annum. Comptroller. Salary $10,000 per annum. Corporation Counsel. Salary $10,000 per annum. Chief Inspector of Steam Boilers. Salary $3,600 per annum. Fish Inspector. Salary $2,000 per annum. Harbor Master. Salary $1,350 per annum. Inspector of Gas Meters and Gas. Inspector of Weights and Measures. 3 Inspectors of House of Correction. Term three years. Mayor is ex officio member of this board. 9 Directors of Library Board. Term three years. No compensa- tion. Oil Inspector. Salary $300 per month. 8 Poundmasters. Prosecuting Attorney. Salary $3,600 per annum. Superintendent of Dayton St. Market. Superintendent of Police. Salary $8,000 per annum. Superintendent of West Randolph St. Market. Superintendent Track Elevation. Superintendent of Real Estate. Superintendent of Information Bureau. South Park Ave. Market Master. Vessel Dispatcher. BY COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS WITH CONSENT OF MAYOR Secretary to Commissioner of Public Works. APPOINTMENTS UNDER CITY CIVIL SERVICE LAW The greater number of above appointees are heads of bureaus or departments of the city administration, and have under them a large number of subordinate employees, most of whom are employed or appointed and classified under and are subject to the rules of the CIVIL SERVICE LAW OF CHICAGO 133 civil service under the act of March 20, 1895, to' regulate the civil service of cities and the amendments thereto in effect in Chicago on August 25, 1895. It places under the merit system all officers and employees of the city except those elected by the people, those appointed by the Mayor or by the Mayor with the consent of the council, referred to in above list. It excepts also the judges and clerks of election, the Mayor's private secretary, the members of the Law Department, and other heads of the principal departments of the City Government, the superintendent and teachers of the public schools and members of the Board of Education. The examination and appointment, promotion, and removal of all employees of the city placed under the civil service law is under the direction of the Civil Service Commission, so-called, which con- sists of three men appointed by the Mayor as above stated. Not more than two of them can belong to the same political party. They may be removed by the Mayor. They are required to classify the offices and places of employment under the civil service, examine all applicants for such places, and certify to the heads of the depart- ments and other officials requiring help the names of those persons who stand highest on the list of applicants who have shown them- selves by examination to be eligible for employment. The com- mission also makes examination for promotion of persons who are in the city's employ and by the civil service rules a record is kept under the authority of the commission of the attendance, industry, quality of work and deportment of the employees, and this record is referred to and aids in examination for promotion. In the Police Department, additional credit is given for courageous acts, saving life, and efficiency in making arrests, etc. The commission is required to investigate charges made against employees in the classified service and it may remove them for good cause after hearing. FEDERAL OFFICIALS APPOINTED FOR ILLINOIS UNITED STATES CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS— SEVENTH CIRCUIT (Comprising Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin) Three Circuit Judges. Clerk Circuit Court of Appeals. Statutory Terms: At Chicago, first Tuesdays of January, May, and October. OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURTS (Comprising Northern^ Southern, and Eastern Districts) NORTHERN DISTRICT Two District Judges. Clerk Circuit Court. Clerk District Court. District Attorney. United States Marshal. Thirteen United States Commissioners : Ten for Chicago. One for South Chicago. One for Freeport. One for Streator. Referees in Bankruptcy: Two, Chicago, for Cook, Lake and McHenry. One for Will and Grundy. One for DuPage, Kane, Kendall, and DeKalb. One for La Salle. One for Boone, Jo Daviess, Stephenson, and "Winnebago. One for Carroll, Lee, Ogle, and Whiteside. Two Jury Commissioners. The Northern District is divided into the Eastern and Western Divisions. The Eastern Division is composed of the counties of 134 APPOINTIVE FEDERAL OFFICIALS 135. Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, La Salle, McHenry, and Will. Statutory Terms. At Chicago, first Monday of July and third Monday of December. Adjourned Terms (created by rule of court). At Chicago, first Mondays of March, May, and October. The Western Division is composed of the counties of Boone, Carroll, Jo Daviess, Lee, Ogle, Stephenson, Whiteside and Winne- bago. Statutory Terms. At Freeport, third Mondays of April and October. SOUTHERN DISTRICT One District Judge. Clerk Circuit Court. District Attorney. Clerk District Court. United States Marshal. Chief Deputy Circuit and District Clerk at Peoria Office. United States Commissioners at Springfield, Bloomington, Quincy, and Peoria. Referees in Bankruptcy at Peoria, Rock Island, Galesburg, and Pontiac for the Northern Division; and at Springfield and Bloomington for the Southern Division. The Southern District is divided into the Northern and South- ern Divisions. The Northern Division is composed of the counties of Bureau, Fulton, Henderson, Henry, Knox, Livingston, Marshall, McDonough, Mercer, Peoria, Putnam, Rock Island, Stark, Tazewell, Warren, and Woodford. Statutory Terms. At Peoria, third Mondays of April and October. The Southern Division is composed of the counties of Adams, Bond, Brown, Calhoun, Cass, Christian, DeWitt, Greene, Han- cock, Jersey, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Madison, Mason, McLean, Menard, Morgan, Montgomery, Pike, Sangamon, Schuyler, and Scott. Statutory Terms. At Springfield, first Mondays of January and June. At Quincy, first Monday of September. 136 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL EASTERN DISTRICT One District Judge. Clerk Circuit Court. Clerk District Court. District Attorney. United States Marshal. United States Commissioners at Cairo, Olney, East St. Louis, Dan- ville, and Paris. Referee in Bankruptcy : Danville. The Eastern District is composed of the counties of Alexander, Champaign, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Coles, Crawford, Cumberland, Douglas, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Ford, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Iroquois, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Kankakee, Lawrence, Marion, Massac, Monroe, Moultrie, Perry, Piatt, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, Richland, Saline, Shelby, St. Clair, Union, Vermilion, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson. Statutory Terms. At Danville, first Mondays of March and September. At Cairo, first Mondays of April and October. At East St. Louis, first Mondays of May and November. OTHER FEDERAL APPOINTEES FOR ILLINOIS Collectors of Internal Revenue. First District, Chicago. Fifth District, Peoria. Eighth District, Springfield. Thirteenth District, East St. Louis. United States Appraiser, Chicago. Special Agent, United States Bureau of Labor, Chicago. Chief Special Agent, United States Bureau of the Census, Chicogo. Collector of Customs, Chicago. United States Engineer, Chicago. General Commanding Department of the Lakes, Chicago. United States Hydrographic Officer, Chicago. Chief Immigrant Inspector, Chicago. Inspectors of Steam Vessels and Boilers, Chicago. APPOINTIVE FEDERAL OFFICIALS 137 Assistant Inspector, Life Saving Service, Chicago. Inspector of Light House Establishment, Chicago. Naval Officer, Chicago. United States Pension Agent, Chicago. Secret Service Operative, Chicago. United States Assistant Treasurer, Chicago. Professor in Charge of Weather Bureau, Chicago. 138 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL CO W H <: H CO o w H W w H O CO H w Q CO w a. pq H "3 >> ©S Ph § 2 c3 c3 o ^ := :5 ;3 -£ o oo n C = c3 — (i O © S © jjooouoocjoesoc *-* Z8 i8 !3 *-3 in — ^ — ^ — — 2j 03 J3 \n 13 2 3 3 3 3 3 .3 J2 3 3 a a. _ -_ r __ - ", _ 0,0,0,0,0,0, J3 .fl 3 3 Q. C 0JO4)4)G?9)Q)®OQ0303O> N _ —. 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X X X X X BC X - J3 J 2 .8 J3 .8 "^ .- - - ^~ - ~ - A A j= J J3 ^3 X! ^ jti xn -3 ^cd ^05 ^ro X 3 © "3 :3 S © '-3 '-3 i3 © S .8 .8 s a A ' A M rO ■9-g - a 3^ o « o j j » © 3 33 S © © s . T3 3 O »! o c .3 © u - ■- 3 cS n w 8 i O o h*3 S -3 h5 ^3 „§g 3 ^ c < § ff 3 § | © 3 ^ .? o r a s o 5 O 1-5 H -* •-, h, < gj U HH = 3: n. > "5. "V 1 ^ ^ 3 .2 § H 9 d 1 3 *S 3 £ X « 3 J3 eS o 3 O 03 3 3 3 « I s ^ w2 S "5 3 * "J2 > aS -9 »-a 5 r. i_ . (3 PQ 3 a ^ 03 3 _ >> © 3 "3 © © ^ '—' © aJ "3 >3 C O Sj © < o-S © © 03 © 9 >i J3 — 8 3 B 3 ^ .3 ® HNM1 l 'O*NM0>OHNM^i0Or»000iOHNMTiii0(0 i-ii-i-Hi-i.-Ii-i-h-h-h-hC^CXCNCNCNCNCN VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL 139 POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT 1896. (Republican pluralities in roman; opposition pluralities in heavy-face.) States Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut.. . . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada... .".... N. Hampshire . New Jersey .... New York North Carolina . North Dakota... Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania... Rhode Island . . South Carolina. South Dakota .. Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington... . West Virginia . Wisconsin Wyoming Totals Majority M'Kinley Rep. 54,737 37,512 146,688 26,271 110,285 16,804 11,288 60,091 6,324 607,130 323,754 289,293 159,345 218,171 22,037 80,465 136,959 278,976 293,582 193,501 5,130 304,940 10,494 103,064 1,938 57,444 221,367 819,838 155,222 26,335 525,991 48,779 728,300 36,437 9,281 41,042 148,773 167,520 13,491 51,127 135,368 39,153 105,368 268,135 10,072 Bryan & Sewall Dem. 107,137 110,103 123,143 158,674 56,740 13,424 30,683 94,232 23,192 464,523 305,753 223,741 126,660 217,890 77,175 32,201 104,735 90,530 236,714 139,626 56,363 363,667 42,537 115,999 7,802 21,271 133,675 551,396 174,488 20,686 474,882 46,662 422,054 14,459 58,798 41,225 163,651 290,862 64,607 10,179 154,709 51,646 94,480 165,523 10,369 7,107,822 6,288,866 284,771 Bryan& Watson Peo. 24,089 21,623 2,389 2,053 1,090 46,194 2,487 i5,isi 7,517 575 379 2,615 il',i74 4,525 79,572 458 286 222,207 Lever- ing Pro. 2,147 889 2,573 1,717 1,808 355 654 5,543 197 9,796 3,056 3,192 1,611 4,781 1,570 5,918 2,998 5,025 4,365 485 2,196 186 1,243 779 5,614 16,052 675 358 5,068 919 19,274 1,160 683 3,098 1,786 733 2,350 968 1,216 7,509 136 130,683 Palmer G. D. 6,462 2,006 4,234 877 1,778 2,708 6,390 2,145 4,516 1,209 5,019 1,834 1,870 2,507 11,749 6,879 3,230 1,071 2,355 2,885 3,520 6,373 18,950 1,857 977 11,000 1,166 828 1,951 5,046 21 1,331 2,129 1,668 675 4,584 133,800 Plu- rality 76,489 72,591 1,922 134,792 53,545 3,360 21,448 34,141 16,868 141,517 18,001 65,452 13,509 281 55,138 45,777 32,224 173,265 56,868 53,875 58,750 58,727 32,043 12,935 6,439 35,794 87,692 268,469 19,266 9,465 48,494 2,117 295,072 21,978 49,517 183 19,403 202,914 33,116 40,490 19,341 12,493 10,888 102,612 583 *Total Vote 194,572 149,397 298,691 189,620 174,390 31,460 46,461 163,061 29,695 1,090,869 637,305 521,547 335,639 445,861 101,046 118,593 250,842 401,568 544,492 341,637 70,566 674,019 53,217 224,171 10,315 83,670 371,014 1,545,956 329,710 47,379 1,014,292 97,337 1,194,255 53,785 68,907 82,950 321,998 544,786 96,124 63,828 294,664 93,583 201,739 447,411 20.86.S 14,073,285 ♦Includes scattering, blank andjdefective votes. 140 POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT 1900 (Republican pluralities in roman; opposition pluralities in heavy-face.) [State Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut.. . . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada N. Hampshire . New Jersey New York North Carolina . North Dakota . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania... Rhode Island. . South Carolina South Dakota. . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. . . West Virginia... Wisconsin Wyoming Total.. Majority M'Kinley Rep. 55,634 44,800 164,755 £93,072 1 02,567 £22,529 7,419 35,035 27,198 597,985 336,063 307,808 185,955 226,801 14,233 65,435 136,212 238,866 316,269 190,461 5,753 314,091 25,373 121,835 3,860 54,803 221,707 821,992 133,081 35,891 543,918 46,526 712,665 33,784 3,579 54,536 121,194 130,641 47,139 42,568 115,865 57,456 119,842 265,866 14,517 f,217,810 463,646 Bryan Dem. 96,368 81,142 124,985 122,733 73,997 18,858 28,260 81,700 29,414 503,061 309,584 209,265 162,601 234,899 53,671 36,822 122,271 156,999 211,685 112,901 51,706 351,922 37,146 114,013 6,376 35,489 164,808 678,386 157,752 20,519 474,882 33,385 424,232 19,812 47,233 39,544 144,751 267,423 45,006 12,849 146,080 44,833 98,705 159,285 10,298 6,357,826 Wool- ley Pro. 1,407 584 5,024 3,790 1,617 538 2,239 1,396 857 17,623 13,718 9,502 3,605 2,814 2,585 4,582 6,207 11,859 8,555 5,965 298 3,685 1,270 7,183 22,043 1,006 ^731 10,203 2,516 27,908 1,529 1,542 3,900 2,644 209 383 2,150 2,363 1,585 10,124 208,791 Barker Peo. 3,796 972 389 1,133 4,584 213 1,141 1,438 613 2,017 833 1,644 4,244 1,104 669 830 110 251 302 638 i-*339 1,368 20,981 368 274 50,218 Debs S. D. 7,554 654 1,029 57 601 9,687 2,374 2,742 1,605 760 878 908 9,595 2,826 3,065 6,128 708 823 790 4,609 12,869 **518 4,847 1,466 4,831 176 410 1,846 720 2,006 286 524 87,769 Plu- rality 40,474 36,342 39,770 29,661 28,570 3,671 20,841 46,665 2,216 94,924 26,479 98,543 23,354 8,098 39,438 28,613 31,941 81,867 104,584 77,560 45,953 37,831 11,773 7,822 2,516 19,314 56,899 143,606 26,671 15,372 69,036 13,141 284,433 13,972 43,654 14,992 33,557 136,782 2,133 29,719 30,215 12,623 21,137 106,581 4,219 *Total Vote 157,205 127,839 302,318 221,336 180,118 41,982 39,051 121,715 57,781 1,131,894 664,094 530,355 353,766 467,580 69,904 105,720 264,511 414,266 544,375 316,311 59,150 683,644 63,64i 241,478 10,236 92,352 401,650 1,547,912 292,669 57,769 1,040,073 ' 82,729 1,173,210 56,568 50,812 96,13i 271,623 423,706 93,18o 56,168 264,095 107,52 4 220,692 442,894 24,S1 ^ 13,967,380 ♦Includes scattering, blank and defective votes. POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT 1904 141 POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT 1904 State Ala Ark M^alif . . . . --Col ./Conn. . . Del Fla Ga •Tdaho . . ^'Illinois ^Ind /Iowa. . . Kan. . . . Ken La vMe . Md /Mass.. . . .Mich... . Minn. .. Miss. . . . Mo /Mont.... Xeb Nev. . . . N. H. .. >*N. J. . . . / N. Y. . . ^ N. Car. . v N. Dak. /Ohio .. «' Ore •^enn. . . It. I S. Car. . v'S. Dak. Tenn. .. Texas . . ""Utah. . . • Vt Va .j Wash. . . • W. Va.. V Wis ^ Wy Total Plural. Maj'ty . Roose- velt Rep. 22,474 46,860 205,226 134,687 111,089 23,705 8,314 24,003 47,789 632,645 368,289 307,907 210,893 205,277 5,205 64,438 109,497 257,822 361,866 216,615 3,168 321,449 34,932 138.558 6,867 54,180 245,138 859,444 82,442 52,658 600,095 60,455 840,949 41,605 2,554 72,083 105,369 51,242 62,444 40,459 46,450 101,504 132,608 279,870 20,467 Parker Dem. 79,857 64,434 89,404 100,105 72,909 19,347 27,046 83,472 18,480 327,606 274,345 149,141 84,800 217,170 47,708 27,638 109,446 165,746 134,151 55,442 53,280 296,312 21,773 51,876 3,982 33,995 164,550 683,822 124,121 14,296 344,674 17,521 337,998 24,839 52,563 21,969 131,653 167,200 33,413 9,777 80,638 28,098 100,850 124,036 8,904 7,621,59115,080,387 2,541,204 1,733,8351 Swal- low Pro. 612 993 7.3S0 3,438 1,506 607 5 685 1,013 34,770 23,496 11,601 7,244 6,609 1,510 3,034 4,274 13,308 5,344 7,191 335 6,323 749 6,838 20,776 361 1,140 19,339 3,806 33,717 768 2,965 1,889 4,292 792 1,382 3,229 4,604 9,770 207 257903 Debs Soc. 839 1,816 29,535 4,304 4,543 146 1,605 197 4,949 69,225 12,013 14.S47 15,494 3,602 995 2,103 2,247 13,604 8,941 6,973 392 13,009 5,676 7,412 925 1,090 9,582 36,883 124 2,017 36,260 7,619 21,863 956 22 3,138 1,354 2,791 5,767 859 56 9,975 1,574 28,220 1,077 396619 Watson Feo. 5,040 2,318 824 494 51 22,635 353 6,725 2,444 2,207 6,156 2,511 338 1,294 1,159 1,424 4,226 1,520 20,518 344 83 3,704 7,459 819 166 1,392 753 1 1,240 1,354 8,062 359 669 639 530 109,811 Rep. Plu- ralities 115,822 34,582 38,180 4,358 29,309 305,039 93,944 258,766 126,093 36,800 51 92,076 227,715 161,173 25,137 13,159 86,682 2,885 20,185 80,588 175,622 38,362 255,421 42,934 502,951 16,766 50,114 29,031 30,682 73,406 31,758 155,834 11,563 31669SS Opp. Plu- ralities 57,383 17,574 18,732 59,469 11,893 42,503 50,112 41,679 50,009 26,284 115.95S 34,188 525,784 *Total Vote 108,822 116,421 331,871 243,693 191,127 43.856 39,307 130,992 72,584 1,076,499 682,185 485,703 324,588 435,765 53,905 96,027 224,224 445,104 520,437 2S6.224 58,264 643,861 64,444 232,268 12,118 90,097 432,488 1,617,509 207,867 70,277 1,026,229 90,154 1,236,738 68,656 55,140 101,395 241,619 234,008 101,624 51,888 129,103 114,852 240,275 442,649 30,655 13,533,512 *Includes scattering votes in a few cases. 142 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL PRESIDENTIAL VOTE 182 8- 1904 Year 1828 1828 1832 1832 1832 1832 1836 1836 1836 1836 1836 1840 1840 1840 1844 1844 1844 1848 1848 1848 1852 1852 1852 1856 1856 1856 1860 1860 1860 1860 1864 1864 1868 1868 1872 1872 1872 1872 1876 1876 1876 1876 1876 1880 1880 1880 1880 1880 1884 1884 1884 1884 1888 1888 1888 Candidate Jackson. . . . Adams Jackson. . . . Clay Floyd Wirt Van Buren. . Harrison. . . . White Webster. . . . Mangum. . . . Van Buren. . Harrison. . . . Birney Polk Clay Birnev Taylor Cass Van Buren. . Pierce Scott Hale Buchanan.. . Fremont .... Fillmore .... Douglas. . . . Breckinridge Lincoln Bell McClellan.... Lincoln Seymour. . . . Grant Greeley O'Conor. . . . Grant Black Tilden Hayes Cooper Smith Walker Hancock. . . . Garfield .... Weaver Dow Phelps Cleveland. . . Blaine Butler St. John Cleveland . . . Harrison. . . . Streeter .... Party Democrat. . . Federal Democrat. . . Whig Whig Anti-M Democrat. . . Whig Whig Whig Whig Democrat.. . Whig Liberty Democrat.. . Whig Liberty Whig Democrat. . . Free Soil .... Democrat. . . Whig Free Soil.... Democrat. . . Republican. , American. . . Democrat.. . Democrat.. . Republican.. Union Democrat. . . Republican.. Democrat.. . Republican.. Democrat.. . Ind. Dem. . . Republican.. Temperance Democrat. . . Republican.. Greenback . . Prohibition.. American . . . Democrat. . . Republican.. Greenback. . Prohibition.. American . . . Democrat . . . Republican.. Greenback . . Prohibition.. Democrat. . . Republican.. Union Lab. . Popular vote 647,231 509,097 687,502 530,189 33,108 761,549 736,656 1,128,702 1,275,017 7,059 1,337,243 1,299,068 62,300 1,360,101 1,220,544 291,263 1,601,474 1,380,678 156,149 1,838,169 1,341,264 874,534 1,375,157 845,763 1,866,352 589,581 1,808,725 2,216,067 2,709,613 3,015,071 2,834,079 29,408 3,597,070 5,608 4,284,885 4,033,950 81,740 9,522 2,636 4,442,035 4,449,053 307,306 10,487 707 4,911,017 4,848,334 133,825 151,809 5,538,233 5,440,216 141,105 Electoral vote PRESIDES TIAL VOTE 1828-1904 PRESIDENTIAL VOTE 1828-1904 — Cont. 14:* Year 1888 1888 1892 1892 1892 1892 1892 1896 '1896 1896 1896 1896 JS96 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1904 1904 1904 1904 1904 1904 1904 Candidate Fisk Cowdrey . Cleveland Harrison. Bid well... Weaver. . Wing McKinley Bryan. . . . Levering . Bentley.. . Matchett. Palmer. . . McKinley. Bryan.. . . Woolley . . Barker. . . Debs Malloney . Leonard. . Ellis Roosevelt Parker. . . Swallow. . Debs Watson. . Corregan. Holcomb . Party Prohibition.. United Lab. Democrat. . . Republican.. Prohibition.. People's. . . . Socialist. . . . Republican.. Democrat. . . Prohibition.. National. . . . Soc. Labor. . Nat. Dem. . Republican.. Democrat. . . Prohibition.. People's. . . . Soc. Dem.... Soc. Lab. . . . United Chr. , Union R. . . . Republican.. Democrat. . . Prohibition.. Socialist. . . . People's Soc. Lab. . . Continental. Popular vote 249,937 2,808 ,556,918 ,176,108 264,133 ,041,028 21,164 ,104,779 ,502,925 132,107 13,969 36,274 133,148 ,217,810 ,357,826 208,791 .50,218 .87,769 39,944 518 5,098 ,620,670 ,080,207 258,205 401,380 111,373 41,330 830 Electoral Vote 145 22 271 176 292 155 336 140 THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE, 1908 Following is the electoral vote of the states, based upon the apportionment of representatives made by Congress under the census of 1900: State Alabama Arkansas .... California. . . . Colorado Connecticut . . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky .... Louisiana. . . . Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota . . . Mississippi.. . . Missouri Montana Nebraska Elector- al vote 11 9 10 5 7 3 5 13 3 27 15 13 10 13 9 6 8 16 14 11 10 18 3 8 Elector- al vote Elector- al vote State Nevada New Hampshire. . . . New Jersey New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon . . . Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total Necessary to choice. Elector- al vote 3 4 12 39 12 4 23 7 4 34 4 9 4 12 18 3 4 12 5 7 13 3 483 242 Elector- al vote Elector- al vote NATIONAL CONVENTIONS FOR 1908 THE FOURTEENTH REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION The fourteenth Republican National Convention will be held in Chicago at the Coliseum Building, Wabash Avenue, near Six- teenth Street, Tuesday, June 16, 1908. It is the sixth National Convention to be held by the party in Chicago, the first being that held here in 1860, when Abraham Lin- coln was nominated. The call of the National Committee allows a total vote of 980. The call already sent out, signed by the Chairman apportions the delegate representation in the convention as follows: Four delegates at large for each State; two delegates for each representative at large in Congress ; two delegates from each congres- sional district and from each of the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, and Hawaii; two delegates from the District of Columbia, and two delegates each from Alaska, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands. For each delegate elected an alternate is chosen to serve in the case of the absence of his principal. Under this scheme of apportionment the numerical make-up of the convention will be as follows: Alabama 22 Kentucky 26 Arkansas 18 Louisiana 18 California 20 Maine 12 Colorado 10 Maryland 16 Connecticut 14 Massachusetts 32 Delaware 6 Michigan 28 Florida 10 Minnesota 22 Georgia 26 Mississippi 20 Idaho 6 Missouri 36 Illinois 54 Montana 6 Indiana 30 Nebraska 16 Iowa 26 Nevada 6 Kansas 20 New Hampshire 8 144 NATIONAL CONVENTIONS FOR 1908 L45 New Jersey -4 Vermont 8 New York 78 Virginia 24 North Carolina 24 Washington 10 North Dakota 8 West Virginia 14 Ohio 46 Wisconsin 26 Oklahoma 14 Wyoming 6 Oregon 8 Alaska 2 Pennsylvania 68 Arizona 2 Rhode Island 8 District of Columbia 2 South Carolina 18 Hawaii 2 South Dakota 8 New Mexico 2 Tennessee 24 Porto Rico 2 Texas 36 Philippine Islands 2 Utah 6 Total 980 A majority vote is necessary to a choice. Under the rules of the Republican conventions, the delegations from the individual congres- sional districts within the State may be voted as a unit if they so elect. The seating capacity of the Coliseum will be 11,186. For delegates and alternates upward of 2,000 seats will be re- served immediately before the speakers' platform at the north end of the hall. On the main floor 3,615 seats will be reserved for spectators. In the balcony 1,826 seats will be thrown open for the general public. The remainder on the floor will be held for specially invited guests, and those on the platform for the officers of the convention and the members of the national committee. THE NINETEENTH DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION The nineteenth Democratic National Convention will be held in Denver, Colorado. It will be called to order at noon of July 7th, by Chairman Thomas Taggart, of the Democratic national committee. The Democratic National Convention of this year will be larger in number than any previous convention in the party's history. Last year the Territories of Indian Territory and Oklahoma together 146 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL had twelve delegates. They are now combined in the new State of Oklahoma, which is allowed ten congressional district delegates and four from the State at large. The call for the convention apportions the delegates on a basis of four at large from each State, two for each delegate at large to tne Congress, two from each congressional district, and six each for the Territories of Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, New Mexico, and Porto Rico, and six from the District of Columbia. On this basis the delegate vote by States and Territories will be as follows at the Denver convention: Alabama 22 Arkansas 18 California 20 Colorado 10 Connecticut 14 Delaware 6 Florida 10 Georgia 26 Idaho 6 Illinois 54 Indiana 30 Iowa 26 Kansas 20 Kentucky 26 Louisiana 18 Maine 12 Maryland 16 Massachusetts 32 Michigan 28 Minnesota 22 Mississippi 20 Missouri 36 Montana 6 Nebraska 16 Nevada 6 New Hampshire 8 New Jersey 24 New York 78 North Carolina 24 North Dakota 8 Ohio 46 Oklahoma 14 Oregon 8 Pennsylvania 68 Rhode Island 8 South Carolina 18 South Dakota 8 Tennessee 24 Texas 36 Utah 6 Vermont 8 Virginia 24 Washington 10 West Virginia 14 Wisconsin 26 Wyoming 6 Alaska 6 Arizona 6 District of Columbia 6 Hawaii 6 New Mexico 6 Porto Rico 6 Total 1,002 NATIONAL CONVENTIONS FOR 1908 147 In the convention a two-thirds vote, or 668 votes, is required to nominate. The working of the so-called "unit rule" also dis- tinguishes the conduct of the Democratic from that of the Repub- lican national assembly. Under this rule the delegate vote of each State having previously voted in state convention to operate under ''unit rule," is the voting unit in the convention, and the total vote of the state delegation is cast at the will of the majority of the del- egates. The two-thirds rule has been in vogue since the conven- tion of 1832. THE PROHIBITION NATIONAL CONVENTION The National Convention of the Prohibition party will be held in Memorial Hall at Columbus, Ohio, on July 15th. The number of delegates voting in the convention this year will be 1,512, who are selected on the following basis of representation: 1. Each State and Territory is entitled to four delegates at large. 2. Each State is entitled to an additional delegate for every 200 votes or major fraction thereof cast for Dr. Silas C. Swallow for President in 1904. 3. The District of Columbia is entitled to two delegates. 4. Each State, Territory, and the District of Columbia is entitled to as many alternates as its number of delegates. The apportionment of delegates as made by the Prohibition na- tional committee for each State, based upon the vote for Dr. Silas C. Swallow for President in 1904, is as follows: Alabama 7 Iowa 62 Arkansas 9 Kansas 41 California 41 Kentucky 37 Colorado 21 Louisiana 4 Connecticut 12 Maine 12 Delaware 7 Maryland 19 Florida 4 Massachusetts 25 Georgia 7 Michigan 71 Idaho 12 Minnesota 35 Illinois 178 Mississippi. . . ., 4 Indiana 121 Missouri 40 148 VOTERS' HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL Montana 6 Nebraska 36 Nevada 4 New Hampshire 8 New Jersey 38 New York 108 North Carolina 6 North Dakota 10 Ohio 101 Oklahoma 4 Oregon 23 Pennsylvania 173 Philippine Islands 4 Porto Rico 4 Rhode Island 8 South Carolina 4 South Dakota 19 Tennessee 13 Texas 25 Utah 4 Vermont 8 Virginia 11 Washington 20 West Virginia 27 Wisconsin 53 Wyoming 5 Alaska 4 Arizona 4 New Mexico 4 Hawaii 4 District of Columbia 4 Guam 4 Total 1,515 This scheme of apportionment makes the Prohibition National Convention the largest of the three parties in number of delegates. PRIMARY ELECTION CALENDAR FOR 1908 (^Prepared by Hon. W. H. Stead, Atty. Gen'l., and inserted here by permission.) July 1. — First day for filing petitions. (Law becomes operative.) July 6. — Last day for meeting of senatorial committee to fix and determine number of candidates for Representative in the Gen- eral Assembly. [Section 11.] July 6. — Last day for filing calls for conventions. [Section 10.] July 9. — Last day for filing petitions. [Sections 29 and 31.] July 11. — Last day for filing copy of resolution of senatorial committee. [Section 11.] July 14. — Last day for candidate to file withdrawal with Secre- tary of State. [Section 31.] July 18. — Last day for Secretary of State to certify names of candidates for nomination to county clerk. [Section 32.] July 18. — Last day for preparation of notice of primary. [Sec- tion 13.] July 24. — Last day for clerk to post notice of color of primary ballots. [Section 35.] July 24. — Last day for posting notice of primary. [Section 13.] July 27. — Last day for candidate to file withdrawal with county clerk. [Section 31.] . August 3. — Delivery of specimen ballots to primary judges. [Section 38.] August 7. — Delivery of official ballots to primary judges. [Sec- tion 39.] August 8. — Primary election. [Section 6.] August 10. — Delivery of primary election returns to county clerk. [Section 56.] August 19. — Meeting of county conventions. [Section 10.] August 26. — Meeting of senatorial conventions. [Section 10.] September 2. — Meeting of congressional conventions. [Section 10.] September 7. — Last day for meeting of state central, and sena- torial committees to organize. [Section 9.] September 9. — Meeting of state conventions. [Section 10.] 149 150 VOTERS HANDBOOK AND CITIZENS' MANUAL October 19. — Last day for Secretary of State to certify to county clerks the names of candidates nominated at the primary. [Sec- tion 60.] November 3. — General, State, and county election. GENERAL INDEX Abstracts of votes, 28-30. Adjutant-General, 115. Adjutant-General, Asst., 115. Administrator, Public, 120. Africans can be naturalized, 108. Agents, State, under cruelty to ani- mals, Law, 120. Aides-de-camp, 115. Alderman of city, 48. Alderman in Chicago, 60. Amendment to State Constitution, Low voted upon, 21-28. American citizen, when cannot ex- patriate himself in time of war, 109. American citizen, when rights lost, 1 , 2, 109. American wife of foreigner not a citizen, 102. Analyst in State Food Commissioners' office, 119. Appellate Court, Clerk. 82. Appellate Court, Districts of , 81. Appellate Court of Illinois, 81. Applicant for naturalization is pro- tected in foreign country, 109. Appointments under Civil Service Law for cities, 132. Appointments under County Civil Service Law, 128. Appointments under State Civil Ser- vice Law, 120. Appointive officers, list of in cities and villages, 129. Appointive Officers, list of in City of Chicago, 63, 131. Appointive Officers, list of in Cook County, 128. Appointive Officers, list of in counties, 126, 127. Appointive Officers, list of in Sani- tary District, Chicago, 130. Appointive Officers, list of in State, 115, 116, 120. Appointive Officers, list of in Town- ship, 127. Appraisers under leases in city, 131. Appraisers, U. S., 136. Architect, State, 120. Art Commission, Municipal, 131. Art Commission, State, 130. Assembly, General of Illinois, 85. Assessor, Town, 40. Assessor, Town, time of election, 5, 40. Assessors of Cook County, Board of ,72. Assessor, County, 72. Assistant Supervisor, 41. Assistant Superintendents, Free Em- ployment Offices, State, 120. Associate Judge, Municipal Court of Chicago, 6, 14, 61. Attorney, City, 47. Attorney for Police Department in Chicago, 131. Attorney for Sanitary District, 130. Attorney-General, 4, 8, 28, 93, 149. Attorney, Prosecuting, in Chicago, 132. Attorney, States, 68. Auditor of County Board, 128. Auditor of Public Accounts, State, 91. Auditor of Public Accounts, time of election of, 8, 91. Australian Ballot, how to mark it, 24- 26. Australian Ballot System, 23-25. Bailiff of Municipal Court of Chicago, 62. Ballot, all voting is by, 1. Ballot, Australian System adopted in Illinois, 23. Ballot Box, 27. Ballot, form and color, for primaries, 17. 151 152 INDEX Ballot, how provided for primaries, 16. Ballot, Official, 23, 24. Ballot on Public Question or Amend- ment to Constitution, 24. Bankruptcy Referees in U. S. Court, 134. Board of Assessors, Cook Co., 72. Board of Assessors, Cook Co., time of election of, 7, 72. Board of Canvassers, State, 28, 30, 123. Board of Education in Chicago, 131. Board of Education, members of in cities, 46. Board of Education, election for, 6. Board of Education, High School, 6, 44. Board of Education, High School, election for, 6. Board of Examiners for Elevator Operators, 130. Board of Examiners of Stationary Engineers, 131. Board of Examiners, Steam Boiler Operators* 130. Board of Examining Plumbers, 130, 131. Board of Equalization of State, 8, 14, 90. Board of Fire and Police Commis- sioner, 129. Board of Inspectors, House of Correc- tion, 131. Board of Law Examiners, State, 125. Board of Local Improvements, 130, 131. Board of Pardons, 129. Board of Prison Industries, 124. Board of Review of Cook Co., 73. Board of Review of Cook Co., time of election of, 7, 73. Board of Voting Machine, Commis- sioners of State, 115. Branch Appellate Court, 1st District, 111., 81. Bribery in elections, 2. Bridge Tenders in Chicago, 131. Building Commissioner, 131. Business Agent, 131. Calendar of elections, 4. Candidates for House Representatives 111., number fixed, 16. Canvassing vote, 27, 28. Canvassing vote in cities, 30. Certificate of nomination, 24, 25, 150. Certificate of result of vote in State, 27, 28. Certificate of result of vote in city, 30. Challenger at primary elections, 19. Chicago adopts General Incorporation Act, 55. Chicago charters, 54, 56. Chicago Elective Officers, list of, 60. Chicago, government of, 54. Chicago, new charter for, 56. Chicago, population in 1900, 45. Chicago, Sanitary District, 64. Chicago, Sanitary District, map of, 59. Chicago, towns in, 58. Chicago, towns in, map of, 59. Chicago, Ward map of, 57. Chief Engineer, Sanitary District, 130. Chief Grain Inspector, 118. Chief Inspector of Steam Boilers, 132. Chief Justice, Municipal Court of Chicago, 6, 61. Chief Justice Supreme Court, 83. Chief Matron, 131. Children born abroad, 102. 103. Chinese cannot be naturalized, 108. Circuit Court, 79. Circuit Court Clerk, 69, 7. Circuit Court, Districts in Illinois, 78. Circuit Court Judge, 79. Circuit Court Judge of U. S., 134. Citizens of U. S., foreign born, 102, 103. Citizens of U. S., Indians, 103. Citizens of U. S., when rights lost, 1, 2, 109. Citizens of U. S., who are, 1, 102, 103. City Alderman, 48. City Attorney, 47. City Canvassing Board, 37 City of Chicago, Election Officers in, 60. INDEX 153 City of Chicago, history of govern- ment of, 54. City Clerk, 48. City Collector, 129, 131. City Committee of a party, 15. City Comptroller, 129. City Comptroller in Chicago, 132. City Courts, 49. City Election Law, 29. City Election Law adopted, 23. City Elections, 5. City Electrician, 131. City Engineer, 130. City Marshal, 129. City Officers, list of, 46. City Officers, primary election for candidates for, 4. City Physician, 132. Cities, primary election for candidates in, 14, 15, 18. City Sealer, 132. City Superintendent of Streets, 129. City Treasurer, 47. Cities, Villages and Towns in Illinois, 45. Cities, Villages, Towns, and Town- ships, distinctions, 34, 45. City Weighers, 131. Civil Service Commissioners, Chicago, 131. Civil Service Commissioners, City, 129. Civil Service Commissioners, County, 128. Civil Service Commissioners, State, 120. Civil Service Law for cities, 132. Civil Service Law, County, 128. Civil Service Law, State, 120. Civil Service Examiners, State, 120. Claims Court, Officers of, 119. Classes of Counties, 37, 66. Clerk, Appellate Court, Illinois, 82. Clerk. Appellate Court, primary elec- tion for candidates for, 14, 18. Clerk, Appellate Court, time of elec- tion for, 8, 82. Clerk, Circuit Court, 69. Clerk, Circuit Court, time of election of, 7, 69. Clerk, Circuit Court of Appeals, U. S., 134. Clerk, City, 47. Clerk of City Court, 50. Clerk of County, 70. Clerk, County Court, 7, 70, 71. Clerk, Criminal Court of Cook Co., 80. Clerk, Criminal Court, time of election of, 7, 80. Clerk of Election, 22. Clerk of House of Representatives, 124. Clerk, 111. Free Employment Offices, 120. Clerk, Municipal Court of Chicago, 62. Clerk of Primary Election, 19. Clerk, Probate Court, 77. Clerk, Probate Court, election of, 7, 77. Clerk of Sanitary District Trustees, 130. Clerk, Superior Court, 80. Clerk, Superior Court, time of elec- tion of, 7, 80. Clerk, Supreme Court, 84. Clerk, Supreme Court, time of election of, 8, 84. Clerk, Town, 40. Clerk, Town, time of election of, 5, 40. Clerk, U. S. Circuit Court, 134. Clerk, U. S. District Court, 134, 135, 136. Clerk, Village, 53. Clerk Pro tem. of Village or Town, 130 Clerks of House Committees, 125. Clerks of Senate Committees, 124. Coal Inspector, 132. Collector, City, 129, 131. Collector, County, 71, 72. Collector of Customs for U. S., 136. Collector of Internal Revenue, U. S., 136. Collector, Town, 39. Collector, Town, time of election of, 5,39. 154 INDEX Commissioner of Buildings, 131. Commissioners of Deeds for Illinois, 11*. Commissioner of Health, 132. Commissioner, Highways, 127. Commissioner of Public Works, 130, 132. Commissioners, State Penitentiary, 117, 118. Commissioner of U. S. Courts, 134. Commissioners, Cook County, 74. Commissioners, Cook County, Presi- dent of, 74. Commissioners, Cook County, time of election, 7. Commissioners, County, 7, 74. Commissioners of Department of Justice, 123. Commissioners, Election, 126. Commissioners, Forest Reserve Dis- trict, 116. Commissioners of Illinois and Michi- gan Canal, 119. Commissioners, Jury, 126. Commissioners, Jury, for T7. S. Courts, 134. Commissioners of Labor, 118. Commissioners of Lincoln Park, 119. Commissioners of Live Stock, 118. Commissioners of Rail Roads and Warehouses, 118. Commissioners, South'n Illinois State Penitentiary, Chester, 118. Commissioners of South Parks in Chicago, 125. Commissioners of State Contracts, 123. Commissioners of State Library, 123. Commissioners, Illinois State Peni- tentiary, Joliet, 117. Commissioners of Streets, 130. Commissioners, U. S., Courts, 134. Commissioners of West Chicago Parks, 116. Commissary-General, 115. Committee, Clerks House, 125. Committee, 'Clerks Senate, 124. Committees, Party under Primary Law, 15, 16. Committees, Senatorial District, 15, 16. Conduct of elections, 21, 23, 26, 28. Conduct of elections in cities, 29. Congress of U. S., 96. Congressional Apportionment, 96, 97. Congressional Apportionment, map of in Cook County, 99. Congressional Apportionment, map of in Illinois, 98. Congressional District Committee of Party, how made up, 15. Congressional District Convention, 16. Constable, 5, 38. Constables at elections, 22. Contest of primary election, 19. Conventions, Congressional District, 16, 149. Conventions, County, 15, 16, 149. Conventions, Senatorial District,*16, 149. Conventions, State, 16, 149. Convict, disqualified as voter, 2. Cook County Board of Assessors, 72. Coroner, 67. Coroner, time of election, 7, 67. Corporation Counsel in Chicago, 132. Counties in Illinois, classification of, 37, 66. Counties in Illinois which have and those which do not have township organization, 31. Counties in Illinois, list of, 31, 32. Counties in Illinois, origin of names of, 31. Counties in Illinois, population of each, 31. Counting votes, 27, 30. County Agent, 128. County Architect, 128. County Attorney, 128. County Auditor, 128. County Canvassing Board, 27. County Central Committee ofJParty, how made up, 15. LXDEX 155 County Clerk, 70, 71. County Clerk issues certificates of election, 27. County Clerk, time of election, 7, 70. County Commissioners, 7, 74. County Commissioners in Cook County, 7, 74. County Convention, 15, 16. County Coroner, 7, 67. County election, 7. County Government, 34. County Hospital Warden, 128. County Institutions, Cook County, Superintendents of, 128. County Judge, 75. County Map of Illinois, 33. County Officers, list of, 66. County Seats of Counties, 31. County Superintendent of Schools, 67. County Superintendent of Schools, time of election, 7. County Surveyor, 67. County Surveyor, time of election, 7, 67. County Treasurer, 71. County Treasurer, time of election, 7, 71. Court, Appellate of Illinois, 81. Court, Circuit, 79. Court of Claims, Bailiff of, 119. Court of Claims, Judges of, 119. Court, City, 49, 50. Court, County, 70, 75. Court, Criminal, of Cook County, SO. Court, Municipal, of Chicago, 60, 61, 62, 63. Court, Probate, 76, Court, Superior, of Cook County, 79. Court, Supreme, 82. Criminal Court of Cook County, 80. Criminal Court of Cook County, Clerk of, 80. Deeds, Recorder of, 7, 70. Delegates, to National Conventions, 16. Delegates, Primaries to elect, 9, 11, 12. Delegates to State, Congressional, and State Senatorial Conventions, 16. Dental Examiners, Board of, 116. Departments of State Government of Illinois, 85. Departments of Town and City Gov- ernments, 36. Departments of U. S. Government, 96 . Deputy Clerks in all Courts of Record , State, County and City, 126. Deputy Commissioner Public Works, 131. Deputy Factory Inspectors, 116. Deputy Fish Wardens, 115. Deputy Game Wardens in County, 120. Deputy Registrars of Title under Torrens System,. 126. Director State Pawners Society, 115, 129. Directors of Hospital in City, 129. Directors, School, 43. Disqualification of Convict, 2. Disqualification of person bribing or accepting bribe, 2. District Attorney, U. S., 134, 135, 136. District Clerk in road district, 127. District Court, U. S., 134, 135, 136. District Court, U. S. Clerk, 134, 135 , 136. District Court, U. S. Judge, 134, 135 . 136. Districts, Appellate Court, 81. Districts, Circuit Court, 78. Districts, Congressional, 97, 98, 99. Districts, Supreme Court, 82. Education, Board of, in cities, 46. Education, High School Board of, 44. Election Commissioners in cities, 19, 21, 27, 29, 126. Election, Conduct of, 21, 23. Election Judges and Clerks, 22, 29. Election Laws for cities, villages and incorporated towns, 20. Election Laws of State, 20. Election Precincts, 21, 29. Election Precincts in Cook Co., 21. Election of President, U. S., 8, 100, 101. 156 IXDEX Election of Vice-President, U. S., 8, 100, 101. Elections, Calendar of General, 5. Elections, City, Village and Town, 5. Elections, County, 7. Elections, Judicial, 5, 6. Elections, National, 8, 96, 100, 101. Elections, Primary, 4, 5, 149. Elections, School, 5, 6. Elections, State, 8. Elections, what may be decided at, 21. Elective City Officers, 46. Elective Officers in Illinois, list of, 37, 90. Elective Officers of U. S., list of, 96. Elective Village Officers, 52. Electors, Presidential, 100. Electors, Presidential, time of elec- tion of, 8, 100. Electors' Privileges, 1. Electrician, City, in Chicago, 131. Engineer, Chief of Sanitary District, 130. Engineer, U. S., 136. Entomologist, State, 115. Equalization, State Board of, 8, 14, 90. Examiners, Chief and Assistants, State Civil Service Commissioners, 120. Examiners, Chief, under City Civil Service Law, 130. Examiners for Boiler Operators, 130. Examiners for Elevator Operators, 130. Examiners of Title under Torrens System, 126. Examining Board for Plumbers, 130. Executive Department of City Gov- ernment, 46. Executive Department of State Gov- ernment, 85, 90. Executive Department of Town Government, 36. Executive Department of U. S. Gov- ernment, 96. Expatriation of American citizen, 109. Factory Inspector, State, 116. Factory Inspector, State, Assistant, 116. Farmers Institute Officials, 122. Federal Officials, appointed for Illi- nois, 134, 136. Fees and Salaries of County Officers, 66. Fence Viewers, 127. Fifteenth Amendment to U. S. Con- stitution, 1. Fish Commissioners, 119. Fish Inspector in Chicago, 132. Fish Wardens, 115. Food Commissioner, State, 119. Food Commissioner, State Assistants, 119. Forest Preserve District, 116. Foreign born child a citizen, when, 102, 103. Foreign born wife a citizen , when, 102. Fourteenth Amendment to D, S. Constitution, 1. Free Employment Offices, State, 120. Game Commissioners, State, 119. Game Wardens, 119. General Assembly of Illinois, what is, 85. General, Commanding U. S. Depart- ment of Lakes, 136. General Officers in Illinois Militia, 115. Geological Commission, State, 115. Governor, 8, 28, 94, 95. Governor, time of election of, 8. 94. Grain Inspector, chief, 118. Harbor Master in Chicago, 132. Highway, Commissioner of, 37. Highway Commissioner, time of election, 5, 37. Highways, Commissioners, 127. Highways, Overseer of, 127. Highway Commission, State, 120. Highway Engineer, State, 120. High School Board of Education, 44. History of Primary Elections in Illinois, 9. Hospital Directors in City, 129. House of Correction Inspectors, 132. IXDEX 157 House of Correction, Superintendent of, 131. House of Representatives of U. S. Congress, 96, 97. House of Representatives of 111., 88. House of Representatives, Illinois, nomination of members for primary, 16. House of Representatives of Illinois, time of election for, 8, 88. Hours of voting at elections, 23, 30. Hydrographic Officer, U. S., 136. Illinois, County Map of, 33. Illinois Farmers Institute, Officers of, 122. Illinois State Horticultural Society, Officers of, 122. Independent Candidates, how nomin- ated, 18, 25. Indians, who of are citizens, 103. Inspector, Chief Emigrant of U. S.,136. Inspector of Coal in Chicago, 132. Inspector of Fish in Chicago, 132. Inspector-General, 115. Inspector, Life Saving Service, U. S., 137. Inspector Light House Establish- ment, U. S., 137. Inspector of Public Vehicles, 131. Inspector of Rifle Practice, 115. Inspector of Steam Boilers, Chief in Chicago, 132. Inspector of Steam Vessels and Boil- ers in U. S., 136. Inspector of Toll Roads, 127. Inspector, Oil in township, 126. Inspectors of Food, State, 119. Inspectors of Gas Meters and Gas in Chicago, 132. Inspectors of House of Correction in Chicago, 132. Inspectors of Mines, State, 115. Inspectors of Oil in Chicago, 132. Inspectors of Weights and Measures in Chicago, 132. Insurance Superintendent, State, 116. Intermediate Registration in cities, 30. Jones-Oglesby, Direct Primary Law of, 190S, 4, 14. Judge Advocate General, 115. Judge, Circuit Court, 79. Judge, Circuit Court, time of election of, 6, 79. Judge, City Court, 50. Judge, City Court, time of election of, 5, 50. Judge, County Court, 75. Judge, County Court, time of election of, 7. Judge, Criminal Court of Cook County, 80. Judge of election, 22. Judge of Municipal Court of Chicago, 6,61. Judge of Municipal Court, time of election, 6, 61. Judge, Probate Court, 76. Judge, Probate Court, time of election of, 7, 76. Judge, Superior Court, 79. Judge, Superior Court, time of elec- tion of, 6. Judge, Supreme Court, 84. Judge Supreme Court, time of election of, 6, 84. Judges, Court of Claims, 119. Judicial Districts, map of, 78. Judicial Department of U. S. Govern- ment, 96. Judicial Election, time of, 5, 6. Judicial Officers, primary for after 1908, 5. Justice of the Peace, 5, 39. Justice of the Peace, time of election of, 5, 39. Jury Commissioners, 126. Jury Commissioners, U. S. Courts, 134. Legislative Department of State Gov- ernment, 85, 86, 87, 88. Legislative Department of U. S. Government, 96. Legislative District map of Illinois, 87. Librarian of Supreme Court, 125. 158 INDEX Lieut. Governor, 94. Lieut. Governor, time of election of, 8, 9*4. Light House Inspector, U. S., in Chicago, 137. Live Stock Commissioners, 118. Local Improvement Board in cities, 130. Local Self Government, 31, 45. Local Self Government in Chicago, 54. Magistrate, Police, 48, 53. Managers, State Reformatory, Pon- tiac, 118. Map of Chicago, towns in, 59. Map of Chicago, wards, 57. Map of Congressional Districts in Cook County, 99. Map of Congressional Districts in Illinois, 98. Map of Judicial Circuits or Districts, 78. Map of Senatorial Districts in Cook County, 87. Map of Senatorial Districts in Illi- nois, 86. Marine in U. S. Navy_not a resident of Illinois, 1. Market, Dayton St., Superintendent of, 132. Market Master, South Park Ave., 132. Market, W. Randolph St., Superin- tendent of, 132. Marshal of City, 129. Marshal, U. S. Court, 134, 135, 136. Marshal of Village, 130. Master in Chancery, 125. Mayor, 49. Mayor of Chicago, 60. Mayor's Private Secretary, 131. Members High School Board of Edu- cation, 44. Members of House of Representa- tives, Congress, 128. Members of House'ofiRepresentatives, Illinois, 8, 16, 85, 88. Members, State Board of Equaliza- tion, 8, 14, 90. Members of State Senate, Illinois, 85. Municipal Art Commission, 131. Municipal Court of Chicago, 60, 61, 62, 63. Municipal Court of Chicago, Judges of, 61. Municipalities, description of, 45. National Convention of Party, 16. National Convention of Party, Dele- gates to, 16. National Elections, when held in Illi- nois, 8. Naturalization and Citizenship, infor- mation about, 102. Naturalization, applicant for protected in foreign country, 109. Naturalization by a Court, how may be done, 111 to 114, 110, 104. Naturalization, Courts for, 104, 110. Naturalization Laws of U. S., 104, 108. Naturalization, Regulations of U. S., 110. Naturalized Citizen, when rights lost, 1, 2, 109. Naval Officer, U. S., 137. Normal Schools, 116. Normal University, Trustees, 116. Notaries, Public, 116. Oath of Office, 3. Office, Oath of, prescribed^by Consti- tution, 3. Office, Qualifications'for in general, 3. Office, what is, 2. Office, Women eligible to School Office, 3. Officers appointed by Governor, 115. Officers appointed by Governor with consent of Senate, 116. Officers appointed by House of Rep- resentatives, 124. Officers appointed by Judges, 125. Officers appointed by State Senate, 124. Officers appointed, County, 126. City, 129. Village, 130. San. Dis., 130. INDEX 159 Officers appointed, Chicago, 131. Officers in Cities, 45, 46, 129. Officers in City of Chicago, 60, 131. Officers, County, 66, 126. Officers, Elective in Illinois, list of, 37, 60, 85. Officers, Elective, of U. S., 96. Officers of State, 85, 90. Officials of State Agricultural So- cieties, 121. Officers in Towns, 45, 127. Officers in Township, 37, 126-127. Officers in Villages, 5, 45, 52. Oil Inspector in Chicago, 132. Oil Inspector in Township, 126. Overseer of Highways, 127. Overseer of Poor, 127. Pages, House of Representatives, 125. Pages, Senate, 124. Park Commissioners, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 119. Park Commissioners, South Parks, 126. Park Commissioners, West Chicago, 116. Party Committeeman elected under Primary Law of 1908, 15. Party, What is a Political Party under Primary Law, 14. Pawners Society, State Director of, 115. Pension Agent, U. S., 137. Petitions for nominations, 17, 18. Petitions for nomination by inde- pendent candidate, 18, 25. Petitions for nomination for Con- gressmen, 18. Petitions for nomination for City, or County Office, 18. Petitions for nomination for State Office, 18. Petitions for nomination for U. S. Senator, 18. Petitions for nomination, when and where to be filed, 78. Petitions for nomination, who may sign it, 18. Plumbers, Examining Board of, 130, 131. ' Police and Fire Commissioners, 129. Police Magistrate, 48, 53. Police Matrons, 130, 131. Police Pension Fund Commissioners, 129, 130. Police, Superintendent of, 132. Policeman, State House of Represen- tatives, 125. Policeman, State Senate, 124. Political Party, What is a, under Primary Law of 1908, 14. Polling Places, description and loca- tion of, 22. Polls, hours open in city, 23, 30. Polls, hours open in state, 23. Population of each county in Illinois, 31. Postmaster of House of Representa- tives, 125. Postmaster of Senate, 124. Poundmaster, 38, 132. President of Board, County Com- missioners, Cook County,|74. President, Town, 52. President of U. S., 100, 101. Presidents of U. S., election of, 8, 100, 101. Presidents of U. S. t list of, 138. Presidents of U. S., successors to if no election, 101. President, Village, 52. Presidential Electors, time of elec- tion, 8, 100, 101. Precinct Committeemen, 15, Primary Election Law of 1889, 10, 19. Primary Election Law of 1898,10,13. Primary Election Law of 1899, 10,19. Primary Election Law of 1901, 10, 13, 19. Primary Election Law of 1905, 11. Primary Election Law of 1906, 11, 12. Primary Election Law of 1908, 14. Primary Election for 1908, when held, 4, 149. Primary Election, challengers at, 19. 160 INDEX Primary Election Law, compulsory, 10, 11. Primary Election, contests, 19. Primary Election, Judges and Clerks, 19. Primary Elections in Illinois, his- tory of, 9. Primary Elections, time of in 1908, 4, 149. Primary Elections, when held after 1908, 14, 15. Primary Elections, who may vote at, 18. Printer, State expert, 116. Private Secretary to Judges, Supreme Court, 125. Private Secretary to Mayor, 131. Private Secretary to Presiding Officer of House, 125. Private Secretary to Presiding Officer of Senate, 124. Probate Court, Clerk, 7, 77. Probate Court, Judge, 7, 76. Prosecuting Attorney in Chicago, 132. Professor in charge of U. S. Weather Bureau, 137. Public Administrator, 120. Public Measures or Questions of Policy, how voted upon, 21, 28. Public Vehicle Inspector, 131. Qualifications for office, 3. Qualifications of voters, 1, 2. Quartermaster-General, 115. Railroad and Warehouse Commis- sioners, 118. Recorder of Deeds, 70. Recorder of Deeds, time of election 7,70. Referees in Bankruptcy, U. S. courts, 134, 135, 136. Registrars of Title under Torrens System, 126. Registration of voters in cities, 26, 29. Registration of voters in cities, inter- mediate, 30. Registration of voters under State law, 22, 26. Reporter, Short-hand, for Circuit Court, 125. Reporter, SupremelCourt, 125. Representatives in Congress, 96, 97. Representatives in Congress, time of election of, 8, 97. Representatives in General Assembly of Illinois, 8, 16, 85, 88. Review, Board of in Cook County, 7, 73. Revising Registry, 22, 32. Sailor in Merchant Marine, or U. S. Navy, naturalized, 109, 113. Sailor in U. S. Navy, stationed in Illinois, not a resident, 1. Sanitary District of Chicago, 64. Sanitary District of Chicago, map of, 59. Sanitary District Trustees, 64, 65. Sanitary District Trustees, petition for nomination, 18. Sanitary District Trustees, primary election for candidates, 4, 14. Sanitary District .Trustees, time of election, 7. School Directors, 6, 43. School Elections, 5, 6. School Trustees, 5, 42. Schools, Superintendent County, 67. Secret Service, Operative of U. S. in Chicago, 137. Secretary of Presiding Officer, State House of Representatives, 125. Secretary of Presiding ^Officer, State Senate, 124. Secretary of State, 18, 28, 30, 93. Secretary of State, time of election of, 8, 93. Secretary of State Senate, 124. Secretary to Commissioner of Public Works in Chicago, 132. Senator, State, 85. Senator, State, time of election for, 8, 85. Senator, U. S., 96, 97. Senatorial District. Com. of^Party, 15. Senatorial District Convention, 16. INDEX 161 Senatorial District, map of Cook Co., 87. Senatorial District, map of Illinois, 86. Serjeant-at-Arms of Senate, 124. Sheriff, 68. Sheriff, time of election, 7, 68. "Shoe-String" Ballot, 16. Soldier in U. S. Army, naturalized, 109. Soidier in U. S. Army, stationed in Illinois, not a resident, 1. South Park Commissioners in Chicago, 125. South Park Avenue Market Master in Chicago, 132. Speaker of the House of Representa- tives (Presiding Officer), 124. Special Agent of U S. Bureau of Census, 136. Special Agent of U. S. Bureau of Labor, 136. State Agents, Cruelty to Animals Law, 120. State Art Commission, 130. State Auditor, 8, 91. State Board of Agriculture, 121. State Board of Arbitration, 118. State Board of Charities, 119. State Board, Dental Examiners, 116. State Board of Education, 119. State Board of Equalization, 8, 90. State Board of Equalization, primary election for candidates, 14. State Board of Equalization, time of election, 8. State Board of Examiners of Archi- tects, 119. State Board of Health, 118. State Board of Pardons, 119. State Board of Pharmacy, 118. State Boards, ex officio, 123. State Canvassing Board, 28, 30, 123. State Central Committee of a Party, 15. State Convention of a Party, 16. State Civil Service Commission, 120. State Entomologist, 115. State Factory Inspector, 116. State Food Commissioner, 119. State Game Commissioner, 119. State Game Wardens, 119. State Geological Commission, 115. State Government of Illinois, 85. State Government of Illinois, Execu- tive Department, 90. State Highway Commission, 120. State Highway Engineer, 120. State Horticultural Society, Officers of, 122. State Inspectors of Mines, 115. State Insurance Superintendent, 116. State Mining Board, 118. State Officers appointed, 115. State Officers, time of election of, 8. 90. State Pawners Society, Director of, 115. State Senator, 8, 85. State Treasurer, 8, 91. State Veterinary Surgeon, 115. States Attorney, 68. States Attorney, time of election, 7, 68. Street Commissioners, 130. Suffrage, convict loses right of, 2. Supreme Court of Illinois, 82. Supreme Court of Illinois, Clerk, 84. Supreme Court of Illinois, Districts of, 82. Supreme Court of Illinois, Judge, 83. Superintendent of County Institu- tions, Cook County, 128. Superintendent of Dayton St. Market in Chicago, 132. Superintendent of Free Employment Agencies, 120. Superintendent of House of Correction, 131. Superintendent of Information Bu- reau, 132. Superintendent of Insurance, 116. Superintendent of Police, 132. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 92. Superintendent of Public Instruction, time of election of, 8, 92. 162 INDEX Superintendent of Public Service, County, 128. Superintendent of Real Estate, 132. Superintendent of Schools, County, 67. Superintendent of Sewers in City, 130. Superintendent of Special Assess- ments, 130. Superintendent of Streets in City, 129, 130. Superintendent of Track Elevation, 132. Superintendent of West Randolph Street Market, 132. Superior Court, Clerk, 7, 80. Superior Court, Judge, 6, 79. Supervisor, 41, 5. Supervisor, Assistant, 41. Supervisor in Cook County, 42. Supervisor of Roads, 127. Surgeon-General, 115. Surveyor, County, 67. Surveyor, County, time of election, 7, 67 Terms of U. S. Courts in Illinois, 134, 135, 136. Torrens System of Registration Title, Officials under, 126. Town Assessor, 5, 40. Town.Clerk, 5, 40, 130. Town Collector, 5, 39. Town Elections, 5. Town Government, 34. Town, Incorporated, Officers of, 52. Town Officers, primary election for candidates, 4. Town Officers, time of election, 5. Town Treasurer, 130. Towns in Chicago, 58. Towns in Chicago, map of, 59. Township Government, 34. Township Officers, list of, 37. Township Officers, time of election, 5. Township Organization, counties having, 31, 35. Township Organization, counties that do not have, 31, 35. Township Trustees of Schools, 42. Treasurer, City, 47. Treasurer, County, 71. Treasurer, Sanitary District, 130. Treasurer, State, 8, 91. Treasurer, U. S., Assistant in Chicago 137. Treasurer of Village or Town, 130. Trustees, Eastern Illinois State Nor- mal School, 116. Trustees, Illinois School for Blind, 116. Trustees, Illinois School. for Deaf, 116. Trustees, Illinois State Historical Library, 116. Trustees, Illinois University, 8, 90. Trustees, St. Charles School for Boys, 118. Trustees, Sanitary District of Chicago 64, 65. Trustees, State Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, 118. Trustees,[State Normal University, 1 19. Trustees, Township, of Schools, 42. Trustees, Village, 52. Trustees, Western Illinois State Nor- mal School, 116. Trustees of Fort Massac, 124. Trustees of Illinois Asylum for Feeble- Minded Children at Lincoln, 117. Trustees of the Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane at Bartonville, Peoria County, 117. Trustees of Illinois Central Hospital for Insane at Jacksonville, 117 Trustees of Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary at Chicago, 117. Trustees of Illinois Eastern Hospital for Insane at Kankakee, 117. Trustees of Illinois Industrial Home for Blind at Chicago, 117. Trustees of Illinois Northern Hospital for Insane at Elgin. 117. Trustees of the Illinois Soldier's Or- phans' Home at Normal, 117 Trustees of Illinois Southern Hospital for Insane at Anna, 117. Trustees of Illinois Western Hospital for Insane at Watertown, 117. INDEX 163 Trustees of Lincoln Homestead, 123. Trustees of Lincoln Monument, 124. Trustees of Natiiral History Museum, 124. Trustees, Northern Illinois State Normal School, 116. Trustees of Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Quincy, 117. Trustees of Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois, at Wilmington, 117. Trustees, Southern Illinois Normal University, 116. United States Appraiser, 136. United States Chief Emigrant In- spector, 136. United States Circuit Court, 134. United States Circuit Court of Ap- peals, 134. United States District Courts, 134, 135, 136. United States Engineer, 136. United States Hydrographic Officer, 136. United States Inspectors of Steam Vessels and Boilers, 136. United States Naval Officer, 137. United States Officers, appointed for Illinois, 134, 136. United States Pension Agent, 137. United States Senator, 96, 97. United States Senator, petition for nomination of, 18. United States Senator, vote at prim- ary election for, 18. United States Special Agent of Census Bureau, 136. United States Special Agent of Labor Bureau, 136. United States Treasurer, Assistant in Chicago, 137. University of Illinois, Trustees, 8, 90. Vessel Dispatcher, 132. Veterinary Surgeon, State, 115. Vice-President of United States, elec- tion of, 8, 100, 101. Viewers to locate roads, 127. Village Clerk, 53. Village Elections, 5. Village Marshal, 130. Village Officers, election of, 5, 52. Village Officers, list of, 52. Village Officers, primary election of candidates for, 4. Village President, 52. Village Trustees, 52. Voters, absence of, 1. Voters, privileges of, 1. Voters, qualifications of, 1, 2. Voters, registration of, 22, 26, 29. Voters, residence of, 1. Voters, women have right to vote for school officers, 1. Voting on election day, 26. Voting Machine Commissioners, State, 115. Ward map of Chicago, 57. Wardens, Fish, 115. Wardens, State Game, 119. Weather Bureau, U. S., Professor in charge in Chicago, 137. West Chicago Park Commissioners, 116. Women are eligible to school offices, 3. Women, when may vote, 1. A ct-tf